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diff --git a/11431-0.txt b/11431-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4670980 --- /dev/null +++ b/11431-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,28669 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11431 *** + +[Illustration] + +CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION AND THE DRAMA + +A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK + +BY + +THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D. + +EDITED BY MARION HARLAND + +VOLUME I + + + +NEW YORK SELMAR HESS PUBLISHER + M D C C C X C I I + + +Copyright, 1892, by +SELMAR HESS + + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. + + +VOLUME I. + +PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS. + +_Illustration_.................._Artist_ + +ICHABOD CRANE (_colored_).......E.A. ABBEY + +CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY................TOBY ROSENTHAL + +LADY BOUNTIFUL.......................ROB. W. MACBETH + +SYDNEY CARTON........................FREDERICK BARNARD + +BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA..............._From a Photograph from Life_ + +ABBÉ CONSTANTIN......................MADELEINE LEMAIRE + +CAPTAIN CUTTLE.......................FREDERICK BARNARD + +THE TRUSTY ECKART....................JULIUS ADAM + +ELAINE...............................TOBY ROSENTHAL + + * * * * * + +WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES. + +ABELARD..............................A. GUILLEMINOT + +ÆNEAS RELATING HIS STORY TO DIDO....P. GUÉRIN + +ALBERICH'S PURSUIT OF THE NIBELUNGEN RING...HANS MAKART + +ALETHE, PRIESTESS OF ISIS............EDWIN LONG + +ALEXIS AND DORA......................W. VON KAULBACH + +ALICE, THE MILLER'S DAUGHTER.........DAVIDSON KNOWLES + +ANCIENT MARINER (THE)................GUSTAVE DORÉ + +ANDROMEDA............................ + +ANGÉLIQUE AND MONSEIGNEUR DE HAUTECOEUR...JEANNIOT + +ANGUS AND DONALD.....................W.B. DAVIS + +ANTIGONE AND ISMENE..................EMIL TESCHENDORFF + +ANTONY AND THE DEAD CÆSAR........... + +ARCHIMEDES...........................NIC BARABINO + +ARGAN AND DOCTOR DIAFOIRUS...........A. SOLOMON + +ASHTON (LUCY) AND RAVENSWOOD.........SIR EVERETT MILLAIS + +ATALA (BURIAL OF)....................GUSTAVE COURTOIS + +AUGUSTA IN COURT.....................A. FORESTIER + +AUTOMEDON............................HENRI REGNAULT + +BALAUSTION...........................F.H. LUNGREN + +BALDERSTONE (CALEB) AND MYSIE.......GEORGE HAY + +BAREFOOT (LITTLE)....................F. VON THELEN-RÜDEN + +BARKIS IS WILLIN'....................C.J. STANILAND + +BAUDIN (THE DEATH OF)................J.-P. LAURENS + +BAYARD (THE CHEVALIER)...............LARIVIÈRE + +BEDREDEEN HASSAN (MARRIAGE OF) AND NOUREDEEN...F. CORMON + +BELLENDEN (LADY) AND MAUSE HEADRIGG..WM. DOUGLAS + +BENEDICK AND BEATRICE................HUGHES MERLE + +BIRCH (HARVEY), THE PEDDLER-SPY..... + +BLANCHELYS (QUEEN) AND THE PILGRIM...J. NOEL PATON + +BOABDIL-EL-CHICO'S FAREWELL TO GRENADA...E. CORBOULD + +BOADICEA.............................THOS. STOTHARD + +BONNICASTLE (ARTHUR) AND MILLIE BRADFORD... + +BOTTOM AND TITANIA...................SIR EDWIN LANDSEER + +BRABANT (GENEVIÈVE DE)...............ERNST BOSCH + +BRÄSIG, LINING AND MINING............CONRAD BECKMANN + +BROOKING'S (JOHN) STUDIO.............A. FORESTIER + +CÆSAR (THE DEATH OF).................J.L. GÉRÔME + +CANTERBURY PILGRIMS (THE)............THOS. STOTHARD; WM. BLAKE + +CAREW (FRANCIS) FINDING THE BODY OF DERRICK...HAL LUDLOW + +CARMEN...............................J. KOPPAY + +CATARINA............................. + +CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW...P. GROTJOHANN + +CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT..........JULES AVIAT + +CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON.......W.B. MORRIS + +CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD...........J. SANT + +CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF)............ + +CHRISTIAN ENTERING THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION...F.R. PICKERSGILL + +CINDERELLA AND THE FAIRY GOD-MOTHER..GUSTAVE DORÉ + +CIRCE AND HER SWINE..................BRITON RIVIÈRE + +CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR........... + +CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE..........ADRIEN MARIE + +CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA.................HOLMAN HUNT + +COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG.................LEO. REIFFENSTEIN + +CONSUELO............................. + +COSETTE..............................G. GUAY + +COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN)...................F. BARNARD + +COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING FROM CHURCH...CHAS. R. LESLIE + +CYMON AND IPHIGENIA..................SIR FREDERICK LEIGHTON + +DAPHNIS AND CHLOE....................GÉRARD + +DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIFE..........C. DENDY SADLER + +D'ARTAGNAN........................... + +DEANS (EFFIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON...R. HERDMAN + +DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL......EMILE BAYARD + +DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE.............E. KELLER + +DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE).......... + +EGMONT AND CLÄRCHEN..................C. HUEBERLIN + +ELECTRA..............................E. TESCHENDORFF + +ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART............W. VON KAULBACH + +ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE...........THEODOR PIXIS + +ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE..........J. ADAMS-ACTON + +ELLIE (LITTLE)....................... + +ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS............DOMENICHINO + +ESMERALDA............................G. BRION + +ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO..........W. VON KAULBACH + +EVANGELINE...........................EDWIN DOUGLAS + +EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE...........E. WESTALL + + * * * * * + +CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA. + +AA'RON, a Moor, beloved by Tam'ora, queen of the Goths, +in the tragedy of _Titus Andron'icus_, published among the plays of +Shakespeare (1593). + +(The classic name is _Andronicus_, but the character of this play is +purely fictitious.) + +_Aaron (St.)_, a British martyr of the City of Legions (_Newport_, +in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us +Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two +churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St. +Aaron and one in honor of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was +called Caerleon by the British. + + ... two others ... sealed their doctrine with + their blood; + St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their + room + At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom. +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv, (1622). + +AAZ'IZ (3 _syl._), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes called; +but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.). + +ABAD'DON, an angel of the bottomless pit (_Rev_. ix. 11). The word is +derived from the Hebrew, _abad_, "lost," and means _the lost one_. +There are two other angels introduced by Klopstock in _The Messiah_ +with similar names, but must not be confounded with the angel referred +to in _Rev_.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other +Abbad'ona, the repentant devil. + +AB'ARIS, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride through +the air.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_. + +ABBAD'ONA, once the friend of Ab'diel, was drawn into the rebellion of +Satan half unwillingly. In hell he constantly bewailed his fall, and +reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He openly declared to the +internals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the +death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the +cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not +told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon, +the angel of death, says-- + +"For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders. How long thou art permitted to +remain on earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be allowed to see +the resurrection of the Lord of glory ... but be not deceived, thou +canst not view Him with the joy of the redeemed." "Yet let me see Him, +let me see him!"--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xiii. + +ABBERVILLE (_Lord_), a young nobleman, 23 years of age, who has for +travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary, +wholly ignorant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young +man runs wantonly wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his +passions almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed +by his honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his +father's executor, Mr. Mortimer. This "fashionable lover" promises +marriage to a vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore, +but is saved from this pitfall also.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable +Lover_ (1780). + +ABBOT (_The_), the complacent churchman in Aldrich's poem of _The +Jew's Gift_, who hanged a Jew "just for no crime," and pondered and +smiled and gave consent to the heretic's burial-- + +"Since he gave his beard to the birds." (1881.) + +ABDAL-AZIS, the Moorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of +king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic +sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and +murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick.-- +Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814). + +AB'DALAZ'IZ (_Omar ben_), a caliph raised to "Mahomet's bosom" in +reward of his great abstinence and self-denial.--_Herbelot_, 690. + +He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think with the caliph Omar +ben Abdalaziz that it was necessary to make a hell of this world to +enjoy paradise in the next.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786). + +ABDAL'DAR, one of the magicians in the Domdaniel caverns, "under the +roots of the ocean." These spirits were destined to be destroyed by +one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 _syl_.), so they persecuted the race +even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was +appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. He discovered the +stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him +to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him, +and he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the +magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits. +--Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, ii. iii. (1797). + +ABDALLA, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves.--Sir W. Scott, +_Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Abdal'lah_, brother and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 _syl_.), pacha of +Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha.--Byron, _Bride of Abydos_. + +ABDALLAH EL HADGI, Saladin's envoy.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ +(time, Richard I.). + +ABDALS or _Santons_, a class of religionists who pretend to be +inspired with the most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded +with great veneration by the vulgar.--_Olearius_, i. 971. + +AB'DIEL, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged those +under him to revolt. + + ... the seraph Abdiel, faithful found; + Among the faithless faithful only he; + Among innumerable false, unmoved. + Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, + His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, v. 896, etc. (1665). + +ABELARD and ELOISE, unhappy lovers, whose illicit love was succeeded +by years of penitence and remorse. Abelard was the tutor of Heloise +(or Eloise), and, although vowed to the church, won and returned her +passion. They were violently separated by her uncle. Abelard entered a +monastery and Eloise became a nun. Their love survived the passage of +years, and they were buried together at _Père la Chaise.--Eloise and +Abelard_. By Alexander Pope (1688-1744). + +ABENSBERG (_Count_), the father of thirty-two children. When Heinrich +II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers presented +their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two children, +"as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and country." + +ABES'SA, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's _Faëry +Queen_, i. 3. She is the paramour of Kirkrapine, who used to rob +churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of +Corceca (_Blindness of Heart_). + +ABIGAIL, typical name of a maid.--See Beaumont and Fletcher, Swift, +Fielding, and many modern writers. + +ABNEY, called _Young Abney_, the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a +royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the Commonwealth). + +ABON HASSAN, a young merchant of Bag dad, and hero of the tale called +"The Sleeper Awakened," in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_. +While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of +Haroun-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything +they can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes +the caliph's chief favorite. + +Shakespeare, in the induction of _Taming of the Shrew_, befouls +"Christopher Sly" in a similar way, but Sly thinks it was "nothing but +a dream." + +Philippe _le Bon_, duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora, +tried the same trick.--Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, ii. 2,4. + +ABOU BEN ADHEM, "awakening one night from a deep dream of peace," sees +an angel writing the names of those who love the Lord. Ben Adhem's +name is registered as "one who loves his fellow-men." A second vision +shows his name at the head of the list. + +_Abou Ben Adhem_. By Leigh Hunt (1784-1859). + + ABRA, the most beloved of Solomon's concubines. + Fruits their odor lost and meats their taste, + If gentle Abra had not decked the feast; + Dishonored did the sparkling goblet stand, + Unless received from gentle Abra's hand; ... + Nor could my soul approve the music's tone + Till all was hushed, and Abra sang alone. + +M. Prior, _Solomon_ (1664-1721). + +AB'RADAS, the great Macedonian pirate. + +Abradas, the great Macedonian pirate, thought every one had a letter +of mart that bare sayles in the ocean.--Greene, _Penelope's Web_ +(1601). + +ABROC'OMAS, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of _Ephesi'aca_, +by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian). + +AB'SALOM, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the duke +of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. _(David)_. Like Absalom, the +duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was beloved and rebellious; and +like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685). + +AB'SOLON, a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. His +hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hose red. He could let blood, +cut hair, and shave, could dance, and play either on the ribible or +the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison, +the young wife of John, a rich but aged carpenter: but Alison herself +loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house.--_The +Miller's Tale_ (1388). + +ABSOLUTE _(Sir Anthony)_, a testy but warm-hearted old gentleman, who +imagines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and when he quarrels +with his son, the captain, fancies it is the son who is out of temper, +and not himself. Smollett's "Matthew Bramble" evidently suggested this +character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor of this part. + +_Captain Absolute_, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish, +the heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Beverley. Bob Acres, +his neighbor, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the unknown +ensign; but when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute, +he declines to fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's +hand.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775). + +ABSYRTUS, brother of Medea and companion of her flight from Colchis. +To elude or delay her pursuers, she cut him into pieces and strewed +the fragments in the road, that her father might be detained by +gathering up the remains of his son. + +_Abu'dah_, in the drama called _The Siege of Damascus_, by John Hughes +(1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down +before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war; +and when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he +makes peace with the Syrians on honorable terms. + +ABU'DAH, in the _Tales of the Genii_, by H. Ridley, is a wealthy +merchant of Bag dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes, +which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every +night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman +which is to free him of this hag [_conscience_] is to "fear God and +keep his commandments." + +ACADE'MUS, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for the +place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the "Academic +sect." + +The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, +i (1721-1770). + +ACAS'TO (_Lord_), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore; and +guardian of Monimia "the orphan." He lived to see the death of his +sons and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's sword, Castalio +stabbed himself, and Monimia took poison.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680). + +ACES'TES (3 _syl_.). In a trial of skill, Acestes, the Sicilian, +discharged his arrow with such force that it took fire from the +friction of the air.--_The Æneid_, Bk. V. + + Like Acestes' shaft of old, + The swift thought kindles as it flies. + +Longfellow, _To a Child_. + +ACHATES [_A-ka'-teze_], called by Virgil "fidus Achates." The name has +become a synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but is generally used +laughingly.--_The Æneid_. + + He, like Achates, faithful to the tomb. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 159. + +ACHER'IA, the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of: milk. +Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the +milk; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says +the fox, "Here is the bowl; one shall have the cream, and the other +all the rest: choose, friend, which you like." The bear told the fox +to take the cream, and thus bruin had only the mud.--_A Basque Tale_. + +A similar tale occurs in Campbell's _Popular Tales of the West +Highlands_ (iii. 98), called "The Keg of Butter." The wolf chooses the +_bottom_ when "oats" were the object of choice, and the _top_ when +"potatoes" were the sowing. + +Rabelais tells the same tale about a farmer and the devil. Each was +to have on alternate years what grew _under_ and _over_ the soil. The +farmer sowed turnips and carrots when the _under_-soil produce came +to his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the _over_-soil +produce. + +ACHILLE GRANDISSIME, "A rather poor specimen of the Grandissime type, +deficient in stature, but not in stage manner."--_The Grandissimes_, +by George W. Cable (1880). + +ACHIL'LES (3 _syl_.), the hero of the allied Greek army in the siege +of Troy, and king of the Myr'midons.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and +Fable_. + +_The English Achilles_, John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury +(1373-1453). + +The duke of Wellington is so called sometimes, and is represented by +a statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to +Apsley House (1769-1852). + +_The Achilles of Germany_, Albert, elector of Brandenburg (1414-1486). + +_Achilles of Rome_, Sicin'ius Denta'tus (put to death B.C. 450). + +ACHIT'OPHEL, "Him who drew Achitophel," Dryden, author of the famous +political satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_. "David" is Charles II.; +his rebellious son "Absalom" is the king's natural son, the handsome +but rebellious James duke of Monmouth; and "Achitophel," the +traitorous counsellor, is the earl of Shaftesbury, "for close designs +and crooked counsels fit." + + Can sneer at him who drew Achitophel. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 100. + +There is a portrait of the first earl of Shaftesbury (Dryden's +"Achitophel") as lord chancellor of England, clad in ash-colored +robes, because he had never been called to the bar.--E. Yates, +_Celebrities_, xviii. + +A'CIS, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nymph Galate'a. The monster +Polypheme (3 _syl_.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and crushed him under +a huge rock. The blood of Acis was changed into a river of the same +name at the foot of mount Etna. + +Not such a pipe, good reader, as that which Acis did sweetly tune in +praise of his Galatea, but one of true Delft manufacture.--W. Irving +(1783-1859). + +ACK'LAND (_Sir Thomas_), a royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, +the Commonwealth). + +AC'OE (3 _syl_.), "hearing," in the New Testament sense (_Rom_. x. +17), "Faith cometh by hearing." The nurse of Fido [_faith_]. Her +daughter is Meditation. (Greek,[Illustration], "hearing.") + + With him [_Faith_] his nurse went, careful Acoë, + Whose hands first from his mother's womb + did take him, + And ever since have fostered tenderly. + Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633). + +ACRAS'IA, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an enchantress +living in the "Bower of Bliss," in "Wandering Island." She had the +power of transforming her lovers into monstrous shapes; but sir Guyon +(_temperance_), having caught her in a net and bound her, broke down +her bower and burnt it to ashes.--_Faëry Queen_, ii. 12 (1590). + +ACRA'TES (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Purple Island_, +by Phineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz., Methos +(_drunkenness_) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii. +(Greek, _akrates_, "incontinent.") + +_Acra'tes_ (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Faëry Queen_, +by Spenser. He is the father of Cymoch'lês and Pyroch'lês.--Bk. ii. 4 +(1590). + +ACRES (_Bob_), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley, +_alias_ captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish, +the heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gets himself up as a +loud swell, and uses "sentimental oaths," _i. e_. oaths bearing on +the subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, _ods triggers and +flints_; if clothes, _ods frogs and tambours_; if music, _ods minnums_ +[minims] _and crotchets_; if ladies, _ods blushes and blooms_. This +he learnt from a militia officer, who told him the ancients swore by +Jove, Bacchus, Mars, Venus, Minerva, etc., according to the sentiment. +Bob Acres is a great blusterer, and talks big of his daring, but when +put to the push "his courage always oozed out of his fingers' ends." +J. Quick was the original Bob Acres.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775). + + As thro' his palms _Bob Acres_' valor oozed, + So Juan's virtue ebbed, I know not how. + +Byron, _Don Juan_. + +Joseph Jefferson's impersonation of Bob Acres is inimitable for +fidelity to the spirit of the original, and informed throughout with +exquisite humor that never degenerates into coarseness. + +ACRIS'IUS, father of Dan'aê. An oracle declared that Danaê would give +birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisius kept his daughter shut +up in an apartment under ground, or (as some say) in a brazen tower. +Here she became the mother of Per'seus (2 _syl_.), by Jupiter in the +form of a shower of gold. The king of Argos now ordered his daughter +and her infant to be put into a chest, and cast adrift on the sea, +but they were rescued by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood, +Perseus accidentally struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, and the +blow caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in _The Earthly +Paradise_ (April). + +ACTAE'ON, a hunter, changed by Diana into a stag. A synonym for a +cuckold. + + Divulge Page himself for a secure and wilful + Actæon [cuckold]. + +Shakespeare, _Merry Wives_, etc., act iii. sc. 2 (1596). + +ACTE'A, a female slave faithful to Nero in his fall. It was this +hetæra who wrapped the dead body in cerements, and saw it decently +interred. + + This Actea was beautiful. She was seated on + the ground; the head of Nero was on her lap, + his naked body was stretched on those winding-sheets + in which she was about to fold him, to lay + him in his grave upon the garden hill.--Ouida, + _Ariadnê_, i. 7. + +ACTORS AND ACTRESSES. The last male actor that took a woman's +character on the stage was Edward Kynaston, noted for his beauty +(1619-1687). The first female actor for hire was Mrs. Saunderson, +afterwards Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712. + +AD, AD'ITES (2 _syl_.). Ad is a tribe descended from Ad, son of Uz, +son of Irem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Confusion +of Babel, went and settled on Al-Ahkâf [_the Winding Sands_], in the +province of Hadramant. Shedâd was their first king, but in consequence +of his pride, both he and all the tribe perished, either from drought +or the Sarsar (_an icy wind_).--Sale's _Koran_, 1. + + Woe, woe, to Irem! Woe to Ad! + Death, has gone up into her palaces!.... + They fell around me. Thousands fell around. + The king and all his people fell; + All, all, they perished all. + + Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, i. 41, 45 (1797). + +A'DAH, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer through +the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and child, +where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and fervent +in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal affection. +She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain-- + + How lovely he appears! His little cheeks + In their pure incarnation, vying with + The rose leaves strewn beneath them. + And his lips, too, + How beautifully parted! No; you shall not + Kiss him; at least not now. He will awake soon-- + His hour of midday rest is nearly over. + + Byron, _Cain_. + +ADAM. In _Greek_ this word is compounded of the four initial letters +of the cardinal quarters: + + Arktos, [Greek: _arktos_]. north. + Dusis, [Greek: _dusis_]. west. + Anatolê, [Greek: _anatolae_]. east. + Mesembria, [Greek: _mesaembria_]. south. + +The _Hebrew_ word ADM forms the anagram of A [dam], D [avid], M +[essiah]. + +_Adam, how made_. God created the body of Adam of _Salzal_, _i.e._ +dry, unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soul. The clay +was collected by Azrael from the four quarters of the earth, and God, +to show His approval of Azrael's choice, constituted him the angel of +death.--Rabadan. + +_Adam, Eve, and the Serpent_. After the fall _Adam_ was placed on +mount Vassem in the east; _Eve_ was banished to Djidda (now Gedda, +on the Arabian coast); and the _Serpent_ was exiled to the coast of +Eblehh. + +After the lapse of 100 years Adam rejoined Eve on mount Arafaith +[_place of Remembrance_], near Mecca.--D'Ohsson. + +_Death of Adam_. Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930 +years. Michael swathed his body, and Gabriel discharged the funeral +rites. The body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz [_the grotto of treasure_], +which overlooks Mecca. + +His descendants at death amounted to 40,000 souls.--D'Ohsson. + +When Noah, entered the ark (the same writer says) he took the body of +Adam in a coffin with him, and when he left the ark restored it to the +place he had taken it from. + +_Adam_, a bailiff, a jailer. + +Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the +prison.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_, act iv. sc. 3 (1593). + +_Adam_, a faithful retainer in the family of sir Eowland de Boys. At +the age of fourscore, he voluntarily accompanied his young master +Orlando into exile, and offered to give him his little savings. +He has given birth to the phrase, "A Faithful Adam" [_or +man-servant_].--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598). + +ADAM BELL, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like +those of Clym of the Clough, William of Cloudesly, Robin Hood, and +Little John, is synonymous with a good archer. + +ADAMASTOR, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly +pallor; "erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black, +his teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by +lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors +trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to +trespass "where never hero braved his rage before?" He then told them +"that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their +foolhardiness."--Camöens, _The Lusiad_, v. (1569). + +ADAM'IDA, a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints, +martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered +at the crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the +earth, so as to produce a total eclipse. + +Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming +storms, rushing clouds, falling mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel +stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contemplation on +Golgotha, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region +of the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and advancing before the +sun, covered its face and intercepted all its rays.--Klopstock, _The +Messiah_, viii. (1771). + +ADAMS _(John)_, one of the mutineers of the _Bounty_ (1790), who +settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a +colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to +morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the protection +of the British Government. + +_Adams (Parson)_, the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but +eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving integrity, solid learning, +and genuine piety; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as +a girl in all personal matters; wholly ignorant of the world, being +"_in_ it but not _of_ of it."--Fielding, _Joseph Andrews_ (1742). + +His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind are so +admirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of +athletic ... exercise ... that he may be safely termed one of the +richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like Don Quixote, parson +Adams is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel +lights upon his shoulders ... without the slightest stain to his +reputation.--Sir W. Scott. + +AD'DISON OF THE NORTH, Henry Mackenzie, author of _The Man of Feeling_ +(1745-1831). + +ADELAIDE, daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore. +She is killed by her father in mistake for another.--Robt. Jephson, +_Count of Narbonne_ (1782). + +ADELAIDE FISHER, daughter-in-law of Grandpa and Grandma Fisher in +Sallie Pratt McLean Greene's _Cape Cod Folks_. She has a sweet voice +and an edged temper, and it would seem from certain cynical remarks +of her own, and Grandma's "Thar, daughter, I wouldn't mind!" has a +history she does not care to reveal (1881). + +ADELAIDE YATES, the wife of Steve Yates and mother of Little Moses in +Charles Egbert Craddock's _In the "Stranger People's" Country_. Her +husband has been seized and detained by the "moonshiners" in the +mountains, and the impression is that he has wilfully deserted her. +She cannot discredit it, but "She's goin' ter stay thar in her cabin +an' wait fur him," said Mrs. Pettengill. "Sorter seems de-stressin', +I do declar'. A purty, young, good, r'ligious 'oman a-settin' herself +ter spen' a empty life a-waitin' fur Steve Yates ter kum back!" +(1890.) + +ADELINE _(Lady)_, the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 _syl_.), a +highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses +of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair +filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of +Fitz-Fulke, the duke of D----, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian +envoy." The tale not being finished, no key to these names is given. +(For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. +to the end. + +AD'EMAR or ADEMA'RO, archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical warrior +in Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and +Fable_. + +ADIC'IA, wife of the soldan, who incites him to distress the kingdom +of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to negotiate +peace, Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her Samient +out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir Artegal +comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of them +from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the +discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab +Samient, but, being intercepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a +tigress.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 8 (1596). + +[Illustration] The "soldan" is king Philip II. of Spain; "Mercilla" is +queen Elizabeth; "Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of +popery; and "Samient" the ambassadors of Holland, who went to Philip +for redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him +as prisoners. + +AD'ICUS, Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of _The Purple +Island_ (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters, +viz., Ec'thros _(hatred)_, Eris _(variance)_, a daughter, Zelos +_(emulation)_, Thumos _(wrath)_, Erith'ius _(strife)_, Dichos'tasis +_(sedition)_, Envy, and Phon'os _(murder)_; all fully described by the +poet. (Greek, _adikos_, "an unjust man.") + +ADIE OF AIKENSHAW, a neighbor of the Glendinnings.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +ADME'TUS, a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being +condemned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a +Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell has a poem on +the subject, called _The Shepherd of King Admetus_ (1819-1891). + +AD'MIRABLE _(The)_: (1) Aben-Ezra, a Spanish rabbin, born at +Tole'do (1119-1174). (2) James Crichton _(Kry-ton)_, the Scotchman +(1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called "The Admirable Doctor" +(1214-1292). + +ADOLF, bishop of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 1112. (See +HATTO.) + +AD'ONA, a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the "first martyr of +the twelve."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748). + +ADONAI, the mysterious spirit of pure mind, love, and beauty that +inspires _Zanoni_, in Bulwer's novel of that name. + +ADONAIS, title of Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy upon John Keats, +written in 1821. + +A'DONBEC EL HAKIM, the physician, a disguise assumed by Saladin, who +visits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +ADO'NIS, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who +quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the +dispute, decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in +the upper world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored +to death by a wild boar in a hunt. + +Shakespeare has a poem called _Venus and Adonis_. Shelley calls his +elegy on the poet Keats _Adona'is_, under the idea that the untimely +death of Keats resembled that of Adonis. + +(_Adonis_ is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the +horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, and so +is Osiris). + +ADONIRAM PENN, the obstinate and well-to-do farmer in Mary E. +Wilkins's _Revolt of "Mother_". He persists in building a new barn +which the cattle do not need instead of the much-needed dwelling for +his family. In his absence, "Mother," who was wont to "stand before +her husband in the humble fashion of a Scripture woman," moves +household and furniture into the commodious barn. + +"Adoniram was like a fortress whose walls had no active resistance, +and went down the instant the right besieging tools were used" (1890). + +AD'ORAM, a seraph, who had charge of James the son of +Alphe'us.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748). + +ADOSINDA, daughter of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The +Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved +her alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent +without the least resistance, but implored the captain to give her one +night to mourn the death of those so near and dear to her. To this he +complied, but during sleep she murdered him with his own scymitar. +Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of +her house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance. +In the great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who +gave the word of attack, "Victory and Vengeance!"--Southey, _Roderick, +etc._, iii. (1814). + +ADRAM'ELECH _(ch=k)_, one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him +overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (_Paradise Lost_, vi. 365). According +to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser +introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means "the mighty +magnificent king."] + +The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech.--2 +_Kings_ xvii. 31. + +Klopstock introduces him into _The Messiah_, and represents him as +surpassing Satan in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is +made to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and +whom he hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude +he might become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the +crucifixion he and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the +angel of death. + +ADRASTE' (_2 syl_.), a French gentleman, who inveigles a Greek slave +named Isidore from don Pèdre. His plan is this: He gets introduced as +a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love, and obtains +her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaïde (_2 +syl_.) to don Pèdre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and Pèdre +promises to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands +that Zaïde be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. Pèdre +intercedes; Adraste seems to relent; and Pèdre calls for Zaïde. Out +comes Isidore instead, with Zaïde's veil. "There," says Pèdre, "take +her and use her well." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads +off the Greek slave.--Molière, _Le Sicilien, ou L'Amour Peintre_ +(1667). + +ADRIAN'A, a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus, +twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess Aemilia is her +mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her +husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it +is not from want of remonstrance, "for it is the one subject of our +conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speaking of it; at +table I will not let him eat for speaking of it; when alone with him I +talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of +it. In a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love +another better than he loves his wife" (act v. sc. 1).--Shakespeare, +_Comedy of Errors_ (1593). + +ADRIA'NO DE ARMA'DO _(Don)_, a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a +military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 _syl_.) was in +war. Boastful but poor; a coiner of words, but very ignorant; solemnly +grave, but ridiculously awkward; majestical in gait, but of very low +propensities.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour Lost_ (1594). + +(Said to be designed for John Florio, surnamed "The Resolute," a +philologist. Holofernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play, +is also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.) + + You may remember, scarce five years are past + Since in your brigantine you sailed to see + The Adriatic wedded to our duke. + +T. Otway, _Venice Preserved_, i. 1 (1682). + +AD'RIEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, the earl of Mulgrave, a +royalist. + + Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend; + Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate + True to his prince, but not a slave to state; + Whom David's love with honours did adorn, + That from his disobedient son were torn. + +Part i. + +(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649-1721) wrote an _Essay on +Poetry_.) + +ADRIENNE LECOUVREUR, French actress, said to have been poisoned by +flowers sent to her by a rival. Died in 1730. + +AE'ACUS, king of Oeno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that he +was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were +Minos and Rhadaman'thus. + +AEGE'ON a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his +brothers, Cottus and Gygês, conquered the Titans by hurling at them +300 rocks at once. Homer says _men_ call him "Aege'on," but by the +_gods_ he is called Bri'areus (3 _syl_.). + + Briáreos or Typhon, whom the den + By ancient Tarsus held. + +--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, I. 199. + +_Aege'on_, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_ +(1593). + +AEMYLIA, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'yas, a squire of +inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting-place, she was +caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future +food. Belphoebê (3 _syl_.) slew "the caitiff" and released the maid +(canto vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amyas +from the durance of Paea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the +lovers together "in peace and joyous blis" (canto ix.).--Spencer, +_Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596). + +AEMIL'IA, wife of Aege'on the Syracusian merchant, and mother of the +twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was +parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and +rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also +settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest +citizens. The other son and her husband Ægeon both set foot in Ephesus +the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together +in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they +became again united to each other.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ +(1593). + +AENE'AS, a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called _Aeneid._ +He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was Creu'sa (3 +_syl_.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius; his second wife +was Lavinia, daughter of Latinus king of Italy, by whom he had a +posthumous son called Aene'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law +in the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder. + +According to Geoffrey of Monmouth "Brutus," the first king of Britain +(from whom the island was called _Britain_), was a descendant of +Æneas. + +AENE'ID, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was taken +by the Greeks and set on fire, Aene'as, with his father, son, and +wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original +birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died +on the way; but after numerous perils by sea and land, Æneas and his +son Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latïnus, the reigning king, received +the exiles hospitably, and promised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage +to Æneas; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince +Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Turnus would not forego +his claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle +the dispute by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, Æneas married +Lavinia, and ere long succeeded his father-in-law on the throne. + +Book I. The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest +on the shores of Carthage, are hospitably entertained by queen Dido. + +II. Æneas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of +Troy, and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost +and died. + +III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and +the death of his father. + +IV. Dido falls in love with Æneas; but he steals away from Carthage, +and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life. + +V. Æneas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of +Anchises. This book corresponds to the _Iliad_, xxiii. + +VI. Æneas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to +_Odyssey_, xi. + +VII. Latinus king of Italy entertains Æneas, and promises to him +Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Turnus had been already +betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist Æneas. + +VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war. + +IX. Turnus, during the absence of Æneas, fires the ships and assaults +the camp. The episode of Nisus and Eury'alus. + +X. The war between Turnus and Æneas. Episode of Mezentius and Lausus. + +XI. The battle continued. + +XII. Turnus challenges Æneas to single combat, and is killed. + +N.B.--1. The story of Sinon and taking of Troy is borrowed from +Pisander, as Macrobius informs us. + +2. The loves of Dido and Æneas are copied from those of Medea and +Jason, in Apollonius. + +3. The story of the wooden horse and the burning of Troy are from +Arcti'nus of Miletus. + +AE'OLUS, god of the winds, which he keeps imprisoned in a cave in +the Æolian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods +command. + + Was I for this nigh wrecked upon the sea, + And twice by awkward wind from England's bank + Drove back again unto my native clime?... + Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer, + But left that hateful office unto thee. + + Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act v, sc. 2 (1591). + +AESCULA'PIUS, in Greek, ASKLE'PIOS, the god of healing. + + What says my Æsculapius? my Galen?... + Ha! is he dead? + + Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii. + sc. 3 (1601). + +AE'SON, the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who +infused into his veins the juice of certain herbs. + + In such a night, + Medea gather'd the enchanted herbs + That did renew old Aeson. + Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_, act v. sc. I + (before 1598). + +ÆSOP, the fabulist, said to be humpbacked; hence, "an Æsop" means a +humpbacked man. The young son of Henry VI. calls his uncle Richard of +Gloster "Æsop."--3 _Henry VI_. act v. sc. 5. + +_Aesop of Arabia_, Lokman; and Nasser (fifth century). + +_Aesop of England_, John Gay (1688-1732). + +_Aesop of France_, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695). + +_Aesop of Germany_, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781). + +_Aesop of India_, Bidpay or Pilpay (third century B.C.). + +AFER, the south-west wind; Notus, the full south. + +Notus and Afer, black with thundrous clouds. Milton, _Paradise Lost_, +x. 702 (1665). + +AFRICAN MAGICIAN (_The_), pretended to Aladdin to be his uncle, and +sent the lad to fetch the "wonderful lamp" from an underground cavern. +As Aladdin refused to hand it to the magician, he shut him in the +cavern and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of +a magic ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely +rich, built a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter. +Several years after, the African resolved to make himself master of +the lamp, and accordingly walked up and down before the palace, crying +incessantly, "Who will change old lamps for new!" Aladdin being on a +hunting excursion, his wife sent a eunuch to exchange the "wonderful +lamp" for a new one; and forthwith the magician commanded "the slaves +of the lamp" to transport the palace and all it contained into Africa. +Aladdin caused him to be poisoned in a draught of wine.--_Arabian +Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp"). + +AF'RIT OR AFREET, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and +cruel of all the orders of the deevs.--_Herbelot_, 66. + + From the hundred chimneys of the village, + Like the Afreet in the Arabian story [_Introduct. + Tale_], + + Smoky columns tower aloft into the air of amber. + +Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_. + +AGAG, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achit'ophel_, is sir +Edmondbury Godfrey, the magistrate, who was found murdered in a ditch +near Primrose Hill. Dr. Oates, in the same satire, is called "Corah." + + Corah might for Agag's murder call, + In terms as coarse as Samuel used to Saul. + +Part i. + +AGAMEMNON, king of the Argives and commander-in-chief of the allied +Greeks in the siege of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his _Troilus +and Cres'sida_. + +_Vixere fortes ante Agamem'nona_, "There were brave men before +Agamemnon;" we are not to suppose that there were no great and good +men in former times. A similar proverb is, "There are hills beyond +Pentland and fields beyond Forth." + +AGANDECCA, daughter of Starno king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_], +promised in marriage to Fingal king of Morven [_north-west of +Scotland_]. The maid told Fingal to beware of her father, who had set +an ambush to kill him. Fingal, being thus forewarned, slew the men in +ambush; and Starno, in rage, murdered his daughter, who was buried by +Fingal in Ardven [_Argyll_]. + + The daughter of the snow overheard, and left + the hall of her secret sigh. She came in all her + beauty, like the moon from the cloud of the east. + Loveliness was around her as light. Her step + was like the music of songs. She saw the youth, + and loved him. He was the stolen sigh of her + soul. Her blue eyes rolled in secret on him, and + she blessed the chief of Morven.--_Ossian_ ("Fingal," + iii.) + +AGANIP'PE (4 syl.), fountain of the Muses, at the foot of mount +Helicon, in Boeo'tia. + + From Helicon's harmonious springs + A thousand rills their mazy progress take. + +Gray, _Progress of Poetry_. + +AG'APE (3 syl.) the fay. She had three sons at a birth, Primond, +Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the future lot of her +sons, she went to the abyss of Demogorgon, to consult the "Three Fatal +Sisters." Clotho showed her the threads, which "were thin as those +spun by a spider." She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threads, +but they said this could not be; they consented, however, to this +agreement-- + + When ye shred with fatal knife + His line which is the eldest of the three, + Eftsoon his life may pass into the next: + And when the next shall likewise ended be, + That both their lives may likewise be annext + Unto the third, that his may so be trebly wext. + + Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 2 (1590). + +AGAPI'DA _(Fray Antonio_), the imaginary chronicler of _The Conquest +of Granada_, written by Washington Irving (1829). + +AGAST'YA (3 _syl._), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was walking +one day with Vishnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who the pigmy +was that strutted by his side. Vishnoo replied it was the patriarch +Agastya, who was going to restore earth to its true balance. Ocean, in +contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's face, and the sage, in revenge +of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, leaving the bed quite +dry.--Maurice. + +AG'ATHA, daughter of Cuno, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's opera +of _Der Freischütz._--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable._ + +AGATH'OCLES (4 _syl_.) tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a potter, +and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army. +He reduced all Sicily under his power. When he attacked the +Carthaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel +assured they must either conquer or die. Agathoclês died of poison +administered by his grandson (B.C. 361-289). + +Voltaire has a tragedy called _Agathocle_, and Caroline Pichler has an +excellent German novel entitled _Agathoclés_. + +AGATHON, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C. M. Wieland +(1733-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though some +prefer his _Don Sylvia de Rosalva_. + +AGDISTES, the name given by Spenser to our individual consciousness or +self. Personified in the being who presided over the Acrasian "bowre +of blis." + + That is our selfe, whom though we do not see + Yet each doth in himselfe it well perceive to bee. + + Therefore a God him sage Antiquity + Did wisely make, and good Agdistes call-- + + Spenser, _Faerie Queene_, ii. 12. + +AGDISTIS, a genius of human form, uniting the two senses and born of +an accidental union between Jupiter and Tellus. The story of Agdistis +and Atys is apparently a myth of the generative powers of nature. + +AGED (_The_), so Wemmick's father is called. He lived in "the castle +at Walworth." Wemmick at "the castle" and Wemmick in business are two +"different beings." + + Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage, + in the midst of plots of garden, and the top of + it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted + with guns.... It was the smallest of houses, + with queer Gothic windows (by far the greater + part of them sham), and a Gothic door, almost + too small to get in at.... On Sundays he ran + up a real flag.... The bridge was a plank, and + it crossed a chasm about four feet wide and two + deep.... At nine o'clock every night "the gun + fired," the gun being mounted in a separate fortress + made of lattice-work. It was protected + from the weather by a tarpaulin ... umbrella.-- + C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_, xxv. (1860). + +AG'ELASTES (_Michael_), the cynic philosopher.--Sir W. Scott, _Count +Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +AGESILA'US (5 _syl_.). Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, king of +Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to +please and amuse his children. + +A'GIB (_King_), "The Third Calender" (_Arabian Nights' +Entertainments_). He was wrecked on the loadstone mountain, which +drew all the nails and iron bolts from his ship; but he overthrew +the bronze statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the +mischief. Agib visited the ten young men, each of whom had lost +the right eye, and was carried by a roc to the palace of the forty +princesses, with whom he tarried a year. The princesses were then +obliged to leave for forty days, but entrusted him with the keys of +the palace, with free permission to enter every room but one. On the +fortieth day curiosity induced him to open this room, where he saw a +horse, which he mounted, and was carried through the air to Bag dad. +The horse then deposited him, and knocked out his right eye with a +whisk of its tail, as it had done the ten "young men" above referred +to. + +AGITATOR (_The Irish_), Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847). + +AGLAE, the unwedded sister in T. B. Aldrich's poem, _The Sisters' +Tragedy_ (1891). + + Two sisters loved one man. He being dead, + Grief loosed the lips of her he had not wed, + And all the passion that through heavy years, + Had masked in smiles, unmasked itself in tears. + +AGNEI'A (3 _syl_.), wifely chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden +chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra'tês or temperance. Fully +described in canto x. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher +(1633). (Greek, _agneia_, "chastity.") + +AG'NES, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David +Copperfield's second wife (after the death of Dora, "his child wife"). +Agnes is a very pure, self-sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet +domestic.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849). + +AGNES, in Molière's _L'École des Femmes_, the girl on whom Arnolphe +tries his pet experiment of education, so as to turn out for himself +a "model wife." She is brought up in a country convent, where she +is kept in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional +proprieties, the difference between the love of men and women, and +that of girls for girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. When +grown to womanhood she quits the convent, and standing one evening on +a balcony a young man passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns +the salute; he bows a second and third time, she does the same; he +passes and repasses several times, bowing each time, and she does as +she has been taught to do by acknowledging the salute. Of course, +the young man (_Horace_) becomes her lover, whom she marries, and M. +Arnolphe loses his "model wife." (See PINCH-WIFE.) + +_Elle fait l'Agnès._ She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and +verdantly ingenuous.--_French Proverb_ (from the "Agnes" of Molière, +_L'École des Femmes_, 1662). + +_Agnes_ (_Black_), the countess of March, noted for her defence of +Dunbar against the English. + +_Black Agnes_, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her +brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was +countess of Moray (Murray) in her own right. + +_Agnes_ (_St._), a young virgin of Palermo, who at the age of thirteen +was martyred at Rome during the Diocletian persecution of A.D. 304. +Prudence (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the +fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Domenichi'no +have both made her the subject of a painting.--_The Martyrdom of St. +Agnes_. + +_St. Agnes and the Devil_. St. Agnes, having escaped from the prison +at Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil +dogged her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor-stones between St. +Piran and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark the places where the devils +were turned into stone by the looks of the indignant saint.--Polwhele, +_History of Cornwall_. + +_Agnes of Sorrento_, heroine of novel of same name, by Harriet Beecher +Stowe. The scene of the story is laid in Sorrento, Italy. + +AGRAMAN'TE (4 _syl_.) or AG'RAMANT, king of the Moors, in _Orlando +Innamorato_, by Bojardo, and _Orlando Furioso_, by Ariosto. + +AGRAWAIN (_Sir_) or SIR AGRAVAIN, surnamed "The Desirous," and also +"The Haughty." He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Margawse +half-sister of king Arthur. His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir +Ga'heris, and sir Gareth. Mordred was his half-brother, being the son +of king Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agravain and sir Mordred hated sir +Launcelot, and told the king he was too familiar with the queen; so +they asked the king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watch. The +queen sent for sir Launcelot to her private chamber, and sir Agravain, +sir Mordred, and twelve others assailed the door, but sir Launcelot +slew them all except sir Mordred, who escaped.--Sir T. Malory, +_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 142-145 (1470). + +AGRICA'NE (4 _syl._), king of Tartary, in the _Orlando Innamorato_, of +Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the castle of Albracca, and is slain +in single combat by Orlando. He brought into the field 2,200,000 +troops. + + Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp, + When Agrican, with all his northern powers, + Besieged Albracca. + + Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (338). + +AGRICOLA FUSILIER, a pompous old creole, a conserver of family +traditions, and patriot who figures in George W. Cable's +_Grandissimes_ (1880). + + He seemed to fancy himself haranguing a + crowd; made another struggle for intelligence, + tried once, twice to speak, and the third time + succeeded: "Louis--_Louisian--a--for--ever!_" + and lay still. They put those two words on his + tomb. + +AG'RIOS, Lumpishness personified; a "sullen swain, all mirth that in +himself and others hated; dull, dead, and leaden." Described in canto +viii. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek, +_agrios_; "a savage.") + +AGRIPPINA was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an emperor. +She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of +Caligula, and mother of Nero. + +[Illustration] Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daughter, wife, sister, and +mother of a king. + +AGRIPY'NA or AG'RIPYNE (3 _syl._), a princess beloved by the "king +of Cyprus'son, and madly loved by Orleans."--Thomas Dekker, _Old +Fortunatus_ (a comedy, 1600). + +AGUE-CHEEK _(Sir Andrew_), a silly old fop with "3000 ducats a year," +very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that "beef had +done harm to his wit." Sir Andrew thinks himself "old in nothing but +in understanding," and boasts that he can cut a caper, dance the +coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques, like a young +man.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614). + +Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained "sir Andrew Ague-cheek" with +infinite drollery, assisted by that expression of "rueful dismay," +which gave so peculiar a zest to his _Marplot_.--Boaden, _Life of +Siddons_ Charles Lamb says that "Jem White saw James Dodd one evening +in _Ague-cheek_, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took +off his hat, and saluted him with 'Save you, sir Andrew!' Dodd simply +waved his hand and exclaimed, 'Away, fool!'" + +A'HABACK AND DES'RA, two enchanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his +rebellion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahu'bal had a +magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the +sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the +sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's +tent was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept +therein, but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked +him to cut a rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen +on the enchanters and crushed them to a mummy. In fact, this stone +formed the head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which +the sultan had severed in the night.--James Ridley, _Tales of the +Genii_ ("The Enchanters' Tale," vi.). + +AHASUE'RUS, the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to +execution. He rested a moment or two at his door. "Get off! Away with +you!" cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, "and that +quickly; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Ahasuerus +became the "wandering Jew," who still roams the earth, and will +continue so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the +legend given by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547).--Greve, +_Memoir of Paul von Eitzen_ (1744). + +AHER'MAN AND AR'GEN, the former a fortress, and the latter a suite of +immense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures +of human intelligence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals +that inhabited the earth before the present races existed.--W. +Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786). + +AH'MED _(Prince)_, noted for the tent given him by the fairy +Pari-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so +small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good +fairy also gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all +diseases.--_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_ ("Prince Ahmed, etc."). + +AHOLIBA'MAH, granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was loved +by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to another +planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_. + + Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that + she worships the seraph, and declares that his + immortality can bestow no love more pure and + warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction + that there is a ray within her "which, + though forbidden yet to shine," is nevertheless + lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own.--Finden, + _Byron Beauties_. + +AH'RIMAN OR AHRIMA'NES (4 _syl_.), the angel of darkness and of evil +in the Magian system, slain by Mithra. + +AIKWOOD (_Ringan_), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of +Knockwinnock Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_. + +AIMEE, the prudent sister, familiarly known as "the wise one" in +the Bohemian household described by Francis Hodgson Burnett in +_Vagabondia_ (1889). + +AIM'WELL _(Thomas, viscount_), a gentleman of broken fortune, who pays +his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Lady Bountiful. He is very +handsome and fascinating, but quite "a man of the world." He and +Archer are the two beaux of _The Beaux' Stratagem_, a comedy by George +Farquhar (1705). + +I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only "mister" of +the party, and I said to myself, as Gibbet said when he heard that +"Aimwell" had gone to church, "That looks suspicions" (act ii. sc. +2).--James Smith, _Memoirs, Letters, etc_. (1840). + +AIRCASTLE, in the _Cozeners_, by S. Foote. The original of this +rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus +burlesqued: + +_Aircastle_: "Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said? I +remember, Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had-been brought to bed that +day was a month of a very fine boy--a bad birth; for Dr. Seeton, who +served his time with Luke Lancet, of Guise's.--There was also a talk +about him and Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow, +another apprentice, who had great expectations from an old uncle in +the Grenadiers; but he left all to a distant relation, Kit Cable, +a midshipman aboard the _Torbay_. She was lost coming home in the +channel. The captain was taken up by a coaster from Eye, loaded with +cheese--" [Now, pray, what did parson Prunello say? This is a pattern +of Mrs. Nickleby's rambling gossip.] + +AIR'LIE (_The earl of_), a royalist in the service of king Charles +I.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_. + +AIRY (_Sir George_), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the ward +of sir Francis Gripe.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Busylody_ (1709). + +A'JAX, son of Oïleus [_O.i'.luce_], generally called "the less." In +conseqnence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of +Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea.--Homer, +_Odyssey_, iv. 507; Virgil, _Æneid_, i. 41. + +A'JAX TEL'AMON. Sophoclês has a tragedy called _Ajax_, in which "the +madman" scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with +a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of +Atreus, has been mentioned at greater or less length by several Greek +and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is +introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called _Troilus and Cressida._ +(See ALIFANFARON). + + The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance + The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_]; + And those more ancient [_Euripides_ and _Seneca_] do enhance + Alcidês in his fury [_Herculês Furens_]; + And others, Ajax Telamon;-- + But to this time there hath been none + So bedlam as our Oberon; + Of whom I dare assure you. + +M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1536-1631). + +AJUT AND ANNINGAIT, in _The Rambler_. + + Part, like Ajut, never to return. + Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799). + +ALA'CIEL, the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands, +Taciturnia and Merry land [_London_ and _Paris_].--De la Dixmerie +_L'isle Taciturne et l'isle Enjouée, ou Voyage du Génie Alaciel dans +les deux Iles_ (1759). + +ALADDIN, son of Mustafa, a poor tailor, of China, "obstinate, +disobedent, and mischievous," wholly abandoned "to indolence and +licentiousness." One day an African magician accosted him, pretending +to be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the "wonderful lamp," at the +same time giving him a "ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp, +but would not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave, +whereupon the magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for +Africa. Aladdin, wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the +magic ring, when the genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked +him his commands. Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and +he returned home. By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth, +built a superb palace, and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's +daughter. After a time, the African magician got possession of the +lamp, and caused the palace, with all its contents, to be transported +into Africa. Aladdin was absent at the time, was arrested and ordered +to execution, but was rescued by the populace, with whom he was an +immense favorite, and started to discover what had become of his +palace. Happening to slip, he rubbed his ring, and when the genius of +the ring appeared and asked his orders, was instantly posted to the +place where his palace was in Africa. He poisoned the magician, +regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to its original place +in China. + +Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 12. + +_Aladdin's Lamp_, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in "the +middle of China." Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began +to scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp +appeared, and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, "I +am hungry; bring me food;" and immediately a banquet was set before +him. Having thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he +became enormously rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice +the African magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the +palace with its contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician, +recovered the lamp, and retranslated the palace to its original site. + +_Aladdin's Palace Windows_. At the top of the palace was a saloon, +containing tweny-four windows (six on each side), and all but one +enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the +sultan to complete, but all the jewellers in the empire were unable to +make one to match the others, so Aladdin commanded "the slaves of the +lamp" to complete their work. + +_Aladdin's Ring_, given him by the African magician, "a preservative +against every evil."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin and the Wonderful +Lamp"). + +AL'ADINE, the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by +Raymond.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +_Al'adine_ (3 _syl_.), son of Aldus, "a lusty knight."--Spenser, +_Faëry Queen_, vi. 3 (1596). + +ALAFF, ANLAF, or OLAF, son of Sihtric, Danish king of Northumberland +(died 927). When Aethelstan [_Athelstan_] took possession of +Northumberland, Alaff fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or +Godfrey to Scotland. + + Our English Athelstan, + In the Northumbrian fields, with most victorious might, + Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight. + +Drayton, _Potyolbion_, xii. (1612). + +ALAIN, cousin of Eos, the artist's wife, in _Desert Sands_, by Harriet +Prescott Spofford (1863). + +ALAR'CON, king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against +the crusaders, but his men were only half armed.--Tasso, _Jerusalem +Delivered_ (1575). + +ALARIC COTTIN. Frederick the Great of Prussia was so called by +Voltaire. "Alaric" because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and +"Cottin" because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very +indifferent poet. + +ALAS'CO, _alias_ DR. DEMETRIUS DOBOOBIE, an old astrologer, consulted +by the earl of Leicester.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +ALAS'NAM (_Prince Zeyn_) possessed eight statues, each a single +diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more +valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beautiful and +virtuous of women, "more precious than rubies," who became his wife. + +One pure and perfect _[woman]_ is ... like Alasnam's lady, worth them +all.--Sir Walter Scott. + +_Alasnam's Mirror_. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue, +the king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to +look when he saw a beautiful girl; "if the glass remained pure and +unsullied, the damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would +not be wholly pure in body and in mind." This mirror was called "the +touchstone of virtue."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam"). + +ALAS'TOR, a surname of Zeus as "the Avenger." Or, in general, any +deity or demon who avenges wrong done by man. Shelley wrote a poem, +_Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude_. + +Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he might become the +Alastor of Augustus, whom he hated.--Plutarch, _Cicero, etc._ +("Parallel Lives.") + +God Almighty mustered up an army of mice against the archbishop +[_Hatto_], and sent them to persecute him as his furious +Alastors.--Coryat, _Crudities_, 571. + +AL'BAN (_St._) of Ver'ulam, hid his confessor, St. Am'phibal, and +changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was +during the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of +Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield. + + Alban--our proto-martyr called. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. [1622]. + +AL'BERICK OF MORTEMAR, the same as Theodorick the hermit of Engaddi, +an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his life, +and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the +archduke of Austria.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Al' berick_, the squire of prince Richard, one of the sons of Henry +II. of England.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +ALBERT, commander of the _Britannia_. Brave, liberal, and just, +softened and refined by domestic ties and superior information. His +ship was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most +southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond +(second in command) grasped one of his legs and could not be shaken +off. + + Though trained in boisterous elements, his mind + Was yet by soft humanity refined; + Each joy of wedded love at home he knew, + Abroad, confessed the father of his crew.... + + His genius, ever for th' event prepared, + Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared. + +Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, i. 2 (1756). + +_Albert_, father of Gertrude, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (called +by Campbell Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a +mixed force of British and Indian troops, led by one Brandt, who made +an attack on the settlement, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set +fire to the fort, and destroyed all the houses.--Campbell, _Gertrude +of Wyoming_ (1809). + +_Albert_, in Goethe's romance called _The Sorrows of Werther_, is +meant for his friend Kestner. He is a young German farmer, who married +Charlotte Buff (called "Lotte" in the novel), with whom Goethe was in +love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (_q. v._). + +ALBERT OF GEI'ERSTEIN (_Count_), brother of Arnold Biederman, and +president of the "Secret Tribunal." He sometimes appears as a +"black priest of St. Paul's," and sometimes as the "monk of St. +Victoire."--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +ALBERTAZ'ZO married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His +sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs the Royal Family of +England.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ALBIA'ZAR, an Arab chief, who joins the Egyptian armament against the +crusaders. + +A chief in rapine, not in knighthood bred. Tasso, _Jerusalem +Delivered_, xvii. (1575). + +AL'BION. In legendary history this word is variously accounted for. +One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first +discoverer, who ruled over the island for forty-four years. + +Another derivation is Al'bia, eldest of the fifty daughters of +Diocle'sian king of Syria. These fifty ladies all married on the same +day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way of +punishment, they were cast adrift in a ship, unmanned, but the wind +drove the vessel to our coast, where these Syrian damsels disembarked. +Here they lived the rest of their lives, and married with the +aborigines, "a lawless crew of devils." Milton mentions this legend, +and naïvely adds, "it is too absurd and unconscionably gross to be +believed." Its resemblance to the fifty daughters of Dan'aos is +palpable. + +Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, says that Albion came from Rome, was +"the first martyr of the land," and dying for the faith's sake, left +his name to the country, where Offa subsequently reared to him "a rich +and sumptuous shrine, with a monastery attached."--Song xvi. + +_Albion_, king of Briton, when O'beron held his court in what is now +called "Kensington Gardens." T. Tickell has a poem upon this subject. + +_Albion wars with Jove's Son_. Albion, son of Neptune, wars with +Her'culês, son of Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the share of his +father's kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspired to dethrone +his brother, but Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was +discomfited. + + Since Albion wielded arms against the son of + Jove. + +M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612). + +ALBO'RAK, the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the +seventh heaven. It had the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the +wings of an eagle, and spoke with a human voice. + +ALBUMA'ZAR, Arabian astronomer (776-885). + + Chaunteclere, our cocke, must tell what is o'clocke, + By the astrologye that he hath naturally + Conceyued and caught; for he was never taught + By Albumazar, the astronomer, + Nor by Ptholomy, prince of astronomy. + J. Skelton, _Philip Sparoiv_ (time, Henry VIII.). + +Alcestis or Alcestes, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus (_q. v_.) +On his wedding-day Admetus neglected to offer sacrifice to Diana and +was condemned to die, but Apollo induced the Fates to spare his life +if he could find a voluntary substitute. His wife offered to give her +life for his, and went away with death; but Hercules fought with Death +and restored Alcestes to her husband. This story is the subject of a +tragedy _Alcestes_, by Euripides. Milton alludes to the incident in +one of his sonnets: + + Methought I saw my late espoused saint + Brought to me like Alcestes from the grave. + +John Milton, Sonnet _On his deceased Wife_. + +William Morris has made Alcestes the subject of one of the tales in +his _Earthly Paradise._ + +A variation of the story is found in Longfellow's _The Golden Legend_, +Henry of Hoheneck when dying was promised his life if a maiden could +be found who would give up her life for his. Elsie, the daughter +of Gottlieb, a tenant-farmer of the prince offered herself as a +sacrifice, and followed her lord to Sorrento to give herself up to +Lucifer; but Henry heard of it, and, moved by gratitude, saved Elsie +and made her his wife. + +_Alceste_, the hero of Molière's comedy _Le Misanthrope_. He has a +pure and noble mind that has been soured and disgusted by intercourse +with the world. Courtesy he holds to be the vice of fops, and the +manners of society mere hypocrisy. He courts Célmène, a coquette and +her treatment of his love confirms his bad opinion of mankind. + +AL'CHEMIST (_The_), the last of the three great comedies of Ben Jonson +(1610). The other two are _Vol'pone_ (2 _syl_.), (1605), and _The +Silent Woman_ (1609). The object of _The Alchemist_ is to ridicule +the belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The +alchemist is "Subtle," a mere quack; and "sir Epicure Mammon" is +the chief dupe, who supplies money, etc., for the "transmutation of +metal." "Abel Drugger" a tobacconist, and "Dapper" a lawyer's +clerk, are two other dupes. "Captain Face," _alias_ "Jeremy," the +house-servant of "Lovewit," and "Dol Common" are his allies. The whole +thing is blown up by the unexpected return of "Lovewit." + +ALCIB'ADES (5 _syl._), the Athenian general. Being banished by the +senate, he marches against the city, and the senate, being unable to +offer resistance, open the gates to him (B.C. 450-404). This incident +is introduced by Shakespeare in _Timon of Athens_. + +ALCIBI'ADES' TABLES represented a god or goddess outwardly, and +a Sile'nus, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a "curious +dissertation on these tables" (_Adage_, 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence +emblematic of falsehood and dissimulation. + + Whose wants virtue is compared to these + False tables wrought by Alcibiades; + Which noted well of all were found t've bin + Most fair without, but most deformed within. + +Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, i. (1613). + +ALCI'DES, a name sometimes given to Hercules as the descendent of the +hero Alcoeus through his son Amphitryon (_q. v._) The name is applied +to any valiant hero. + + The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance + The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_]; + And those more ancient do enhance + Alcidês in his fury. + +M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631). + + Where is the great Alcidês of the field, + Valiant lord Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury? + +Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI_. act. iv. sc. 7 (1589). + +ALCI'NA, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo's _Orlando +Innamorato_ she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's +_Orlando Furioso_ she is a kind of Circê, whose garden is a scene of +enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts +them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy +dictates. + +AL'CIPHRON, or _The Minute Philosopher_, the title of a work by bishop +Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a freethinker. +The object of this work is to expose the weakness of infidelity. + +_Al'ciphron_, "the epicurean," the hero of T. Moore's romance entitled +_The Epicurean_. + + Like Aleiphron, we swing in air and darkness, + and know not whither the wind blows us. + +--_Putnam's Magazine._ + +ALCME'NA (in Molière, _Alcmène_), the wife of Amphitryon, general +of the Theban army. While her husband is absent warring against the +Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon +himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises between +the false and true Amphitryon, which is augmented by Mercury, who +personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphitryon. By this amour of Jupiter, +Alcmena becomes the mother of Her'culês. Plautus, Molière, and Dryden +have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled _Amphitryon_. + +ALCOFRI'BAS, the name by which Rabelais was called, after he came out +of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll of +every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave "the merry +fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 32 +(1533). + +AL'COLOMB, "subduer of hearts," daughter of Abou Aibou of Damascus, +and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, in a fit of +jealousy, commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and +sister to do penance for three days in Damascus, and then to be +banished from Syria. The two ladies came to Bag dad, and were taken in +by the charitable syndic of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the +caliph was over he sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife, +and her mother he married to his vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ganem, +the Slave of Love "). + +ALCY'ON "the wofullest man alive," but once "the jolly shepherd swain +that wont full merrily to pipe and dance," near where the Severn +flows. One day he saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it followed +him about like a dog; but a cruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By +the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel +satyr is death. He said he hated everything--the heaven, the earth, +fire, air, and sea, the day, the night; he hated to speak, to hear, to +taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel; he hated man and woman +too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful +shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur +Gorges.--Spencer, _Daphnaida_ (in seven fyttes, 1590). + + And there is that Alcyon bent to mourn, + Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty. + Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn + Sweet lays of love to endless plaints of pity. + +Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591). + +ALCY'ONE or HALCYONE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Aeolus, who, on hearing +of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, and +was changed to a kingfisher. (See HALCYON DAYS.) + +ALDABEL'LA, wife of Orlando, sister of Oliver, and daughter of +Monodan'tês.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso, etc_. (1516). + +_Aldabella_, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and +fascinating, but arrogant and heartless. She used to give +entertainments to the magnates of Florence, and Fazio was one who +spent most of his time in her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous +of the marchioness, accused him to the duke of being privy to the +death of Bartoldo, and for this offence Fazio was executed. Bianca +died broken-hearted, and Aldabella was condemned to spend the rest of +her life in a nunnery.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (a tragedy, 1815). + +ALDEN (_John_), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love with +Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old soldier, +wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead for him; +but the maiden answered archly, "Why don't you speak for yourself, +John!" Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a poisoned +arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden consented. Standish, +however, was not killed, but only wounded; he made his reappearance +at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he accepted the +situation with the good-natured remark: + + If you would be served you must serve yourself; + and moreover + No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season + of Christmas. + +Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_ (1858). + +ALDIBORONTEPHOSCOPHORNIO _[Al'diboron'te-fos'co-for'nio]_, a character +in _Chrononhotonthologos_, by H. Carey. + +(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Ballantyne, the printer, this +nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.) + +AL'DIGER, son of Buo'vo, of the house of Clarmont, brother of +Malagi'gi and Vivian.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +AL'DINE (2 _syl_.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which +joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of +the Arabs, "Their accents were female and their stature diminutive" +(xvii.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +AL'DINGAR _(Sir)_, steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He +impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge +by single combat; but an angel (in the shape of a little child) +established the queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering +version of the story of Gunhilda and the emperor Henry.--Percy, +_Reliques_, ii. 9. + +ALDO, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his +return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran. To resent this +affront, he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora +(in Scandinavia), and here Lorma, the king's wife, fell in love +with him. The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately +invaded. Aldo fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorma died of grief, +and Erragon was slain in battle by Graul, son of Morni.--_Ossian_ +("The Battle of Lora"). + +ALDRICK the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +ALDROVAND _(Father)_, chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old Norman +warrior.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +ALDUS, father of Al'adine (3 _syl_), the "lusty knight."--Spenser, +_Faëry Queen_, vi. 3 (1596). + +ALEA, a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy; at least so +Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the invention to Palamëdês. + +Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a Graecis, in otio Trojani belli, a +quodam milite, nomine ALEA, a quo et ars nomen accepit.--Isidorus, +_Orig_. xviii. 57. + +ALEC'TRYON, a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he +fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others' +embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock. + + And from out the neighboring farmyard + Loud the cock Alectryon crowed. + Longfellow, _Pegasus in Pound_. + +ALEC YEATON, the Gloucester skipper in T. B. Aldrich's ballad, _Alec +Yeaton's Son_. + + The wind it wailed, the wind it moaned, + And the white caps flecked the sea; + "An' I would to God," the skipper groaned, + "I had not my boy with me!" + + * * * * * + + Long did they marvel in the town + At God His strange decree; + That let the stalwart skipper drown, + And the little child go free. (1890.) + +ALE'RIA, one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives of +Guido the Savage.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ALESSANDRO, husband of the Indian girl Ramona, in Helen Hunt Jackson's +novel _Ramona_. The story of the young couple is a series of +oppressions and deceits practised by U. S. officials (1884). ALESSIO, +the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage, when Elvi'no +promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of pique, because +he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he discovered his +error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to marry Alessio, +with whom she had been previously cohabiting.--Bellini's opera, _La +Sonnamlula_ (1831). + +ALE'THES (3 _syl_.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine +(3 _syl_.); subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles.--Tasso, +_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ALEXANDER PATOFF, brother of the young Russian who figures most +prominently in F. Marion Crawford's novel _Paul Patoff_. Alexander's +mysterious disappearance in a mosque leads to suspicions involving +his brother, even the mother of the two brothers accusing Paul of +fratricide (1887). + +ALEX. WALTON, physician and suitor of Margaret Kent in _The Story of +Margaret Kent_, by Henry Hayes (Ellen Olney Kirke) (1886). + +ALEXANDER THE GREAT, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French we +have a novel called _Roman d'Alexandre_, by Lambert-li-cors (twelfth +century), and a tragedy by Racine (1665). + +_Alexander an Athlete_. Alexander, being asked if he would run a +course at the Olympic games, replied, "Yes, if my competitors are all +kings." + +_The Albanian Alexander_, George Castriot _(Scanderbeg_ or _Iscander +beg_, 1404-1467). + +_The Persian Alexander_, Sandjar (1117-1158). + +_Alexander of the North_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718). + +_Alexander deformed_. + + Ammon's great son one shoulder had too high. + +Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 117. + +_Alexander and Homer_. When Alexander invaded Asia Minor, he offered +up sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles. +Here he exclaimed, "O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy +deeds!" + +Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry, + + "O fortunate young man! whose virtue found + So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound." + +Spenser, _The Ruins of Time_ (1591). + +_Alexander and Parme'nio._ When Darius, king of Persia, offered +Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000 +talents of gold, Parmenio said, "I would accept the offer, if I +were Alexander." To this Alexander rejoined, "So would I, if I were +Parmenio." + +On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish +in his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, "I consider not what +Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give." + +_Alexander and Perdiccas_. When Alexander started for Asia he divided +his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had +left for himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for +Alexander," replied the friend, "it is enough for Perdiccas also;" and +declined to accept anything. + +_Alexander and Raphael_. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave +in the mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of, +replied, "The water of immortality." Whereupon Raphael gave him a +stone, and told him when he found another of the same weight he would +gain his wish. "And how long," said Alexander, "have I to live?" The +angel replied, "Till the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee +are of iron." Alexander now went forth and found a stone almost of the +weight required, and in order to complete the balance, added a little +earth; falling from his horse at Ghur he was laid in his armor on the +ground, and his shield was set up over him to ward off the sun. Then +understood he that he would gain immortality when, like the stone, he +was buried in the earth, and that his hour was come, for the earth +beneath him was iron, and his iron buckler was his vault of heaven +above. So he died. + +_Alexander and the Robber_. When Dion'idês, a pirate, was brought +before Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand! How dare you infest +the seas with your misdeeds?" "And you," replied the pirate, "by what +right do you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I +am called a brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a +conqueror." Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to +be set at liberty. + +_Alexander's Beard_, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said +that Alexander the Great had scarcely any beard at all. + + Disgracèd yet with Alexander's bearde. + +G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577). + +_Alexander's Runner_, Ladas. + +ALEXAN'DRA, daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of +the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the +Amazons was called Alexandra.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ALEX'IS, the wanton shepherd in _The Faithful Shepherdess_, a pastoral +drama by John Fletcher (1610). + +ALFA'DER, the father of all the Asen _(deities)_ of Scandinavia, +creator and governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc. + +ALFONSO, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara, Tasso the +poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for +seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expiration of that +period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago, +duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his _Childe Harold_, iv. 36. + +_Alfonso XI_ of Castile, whose "favorite" was Leonora de +Guzman.--Donizetti, _La Favorita_ (an opera, 1842). + +_Alfon'so (Don)_, of Seville, a man of fifty and husband of donna +Julia (twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without +cause.--Byron, _Don Juan_, i. + +_Alfon'so_, in Walpole's tale called _The Castle of Otranto_, appears +as an apparition in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769). + +ALFRED AS A GLEEMAN. Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the +Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the +Danish camp for several days, amusing the soldiers with his harping +and singing. After he had made himself master of all he required, +he returned back to his own place.--William of Malmesbury (twelfth +century). + +William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king, +who, he says, just before the battle of Brunanburh, in Northumberland, +entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so +pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not +keep the gold, but buried it in the earth. + +ALGARSIFE (3 _syl_.), and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of +Tartary, and Elfêta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora. + + I speak of Algarsife, + How that he won Theodora to his wife. + +Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_ AL'GEBAR' ("_the giant_"). So the +Arabians call the constellation Orion. + + Begirt with many a blazing star, + Stood the great giant Algebar-- + Orion, hunter of the beast. + Longfellow, _The Occultation of Orion_. + +AL'I, cousin and son-in-law of Mahomet. The beauty of his eyes is +proverbial in Persia. _Ayn Hali_ ("eyes of Ali") is the highest +compliment a Persian can pay to beauty.--Chardin. + +ALI BABA, a poor Persian wood-carrier, who accidentally learns the +magic words, "Open Sesamê!" "Shut Sesamê!" by which he gains entrance +into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of +forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores; +and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain +and his whole band of thieves are extirpated. In reward of these +services, Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his +own son.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves"). + +AL'ICE (2 _syl_.), sister of Valentine, in _Mons. Thomas_, a comedy by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1619). + +_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of +Rambaldo, the Norman troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of _Roberto +il Diavolo_. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his +mother's "will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a +virtuous man. She is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the +fiend, claims his soul as the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by +reading the will, reclaims him. + +_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), the servant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the +innkeeper at Altringham.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, +Charles II.). + +_Al'ice_, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in +later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a +dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into +manhood. (See ROSE.)--Tennyson, _The Miller's Daughter_. + +_Al'ice (The Lady_), widow of Walter, knight of Avenel (2 _syl_).--Sir +W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Al'ice_ [GRAY], called "Old Alice Gray," a quondam tenant of the lord +of Ravenswood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old +lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +_Alice Munro_, one of the sisters taken captive by Indians in Cooper's +_Last of the Mohicans_ (1821). + +ALICHI'NO. a devil in Dante's _Inferno_. + +ALICIA gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position. As +a wife, she played falsely with her husband, and even joined Mosby in +a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love for Mosby and +respect for Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning; wishes to get +disentangled, but is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's +passions impel her to evil, but her judgment accuses her and prompts +her to the right course. She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam, +and of course is lost.--Anon., _Arden of Feversham_ (1592). + +_Alic'ia_, "a laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering she," who once +held lord Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy, +"vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights," drove him away from +her. Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of +Gloster of alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord +protector soon trumped up a charge against both; the lord chamberlain +he ordered to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for +witchcraft. Alicia goes raving mad.--Rowe, _Jane Shore_ (1713). + +_Alic'ia_ (_The lady_), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzurse.--Sir W. +Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +ALICK [POLWORTH], one of the servants of Waverley.--Sir W. Scott, +_Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +ALIFAN'FARON, emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the suitor +of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pentapolin refused to sanction +this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce his +suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming +in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of +Alifanfaron and Pentapolin.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 4 +(1605). + +Ajax the Greater had a similar encounter. (See AJAX.) + +ALIN'DA, daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of +Sego'via.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Pilgrim_ (1621). + +(_Alinda_ is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in +woman's attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, "the +loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, in the drama by Beaumont +and Fletcher, called _The Loyal Subject_, 1618.) + +ALIPRANDO, a Christian knight, who discovered the armor of Rinaldo, +and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but +were mistaken.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +AL'IRIS, sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of +Fer'amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be +married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the +journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy +is unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her +heart, is the sultan to whom she is betrothed.--T. Moore, _Lalla +Rookh_. + +ALISAUNDER (_Sir_), surnamed LORFELIN, son of the good prince Boudwine +and his wife An'glides (3 _syl_.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, +murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a +mere child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his +father's doublet, "bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge +his father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and +had one son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of fulfilling his +mother's charge, he was himself "falsely and feloniously slain" by +king Mark.--Sir T. Malory, _History of King Arthur_, ii. 119-125 +(1470). + +AL'ISON, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter. +Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself +loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house. +Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a rouguish eye, +small eyebrows, was "long as a mast and upright as a bolt," more +"pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin "was +softer than the wool of a wether."--Chaucer, "The Miller's Tale," +_Canterbury Tales_, (1388). + +_Al'ison_, in sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_, is an old domestic in the +service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place. + +AL'KEN, an old shepherd, who instructs Robin Hood's men how to find a +witch, and how she is to be hunted.--Ben Jonson, _The Sad Shepherd_ +(1637). + +ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero +and heroine are Bertram of Rousillon, and Hel'ena a physician's +daughter, who are married by the command of the king of France, but +part because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for +him. Ultimately, however, all ends well.--(See HELENA.) + +The story of this play is from Painter's _Gilletta of Narbon_. + +ALL THE TALENTS Administration, formed by lord Grenville, in 1806, on +the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Grenville, the earl +Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer, +William Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord +Auckland, lord Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord +Ellenborough. It was dissolved in 1807. + + On "all the talents" vent your venal spleen. + +Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_. + +ALLAN, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +_Al'lan (Mrs.)_, colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +_Al'lan_ [Breck Cameron], the sergeant sent to arrest Hamish Bean +McTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_ +(time, George II.). + +ALLAN-A-DALE, one of Robin Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott in +_Ivanhoe_. (See ALLIN-A-DALE.) + +ALLAN QUARTERMAIN, hunter and traveller whose adventures are recorded +in _She, King Solomon's Mines_, and _Allan Quartermain_, by W. Rider +Haggard (1886-1891). + +ALLE'GRE (3 _syl_.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When +Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him +confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was +true as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no +foundation but jealousy.--G. Chapman and J. Shirley, _The Tragedy of +Philip Chabot_. + +ALLEN (_Ralph_), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding. + + Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame, + Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame. + +Pope. + +_Allen (Long)_, a soldier in the "guards" of king Richard I.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Talisman_. + +_Allen (Major)_, an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army.--Sir W. +Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.). + +ALL-FAIR, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which guarded +the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she would +become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this promise +by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wedding day +Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in +Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword, +but in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed +to the heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of +her lover, died of a broken heart. The syren changed the dead lovers +into two palm trees.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow +Dwarf," 1682). ALLIN-A-DALE or ALLEN-A-DALE, of Nottinghamshire, +was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents +compelled her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin +told his tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of +a harper, went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take +place. When the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This +is no fit match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her +choice." Then, sounding his horn, Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty +bowmen entered the church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to +Allin till the banns had been asked three times, whereupon Robin +pulled off the bishop's gown, and invested Little John in it, who +asked the banns seven times, and performed the ceremony.--_Robin Hood +and Allin-a-Dale_ (a ballad). + +ALL'IT. Captain of Nebuchadrezzar's guards in _The Master of the +Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. He is +flattered and content to be the queen's favorite until he meets +Lalitha, a Jewish damsel. He braves death to save her from runaway +horses attached to a chariot, is captivated by her beauty, and forgets +his royal mistress in an honorable love (1890). + +ALLNUT (_Noll_), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625). + +_Grace Allnut_, his wife. + +_Oliver Allnut_, the landlord's son.--Sterling, _John Felton_ (1852). + +ALLWORTH (_Lady_), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach +thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord +Lovel. + +_Tom Allworth_, stepson of lady Allworth, in love with Margaret +Overreach, whom he marries.--Massinger, _A New Way to pay Old Debts_ +(1625). + +ALL'WORTHY, in Fielding's _Tom Jones_, a man of sturdy rectitude, +large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring +philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's +friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character. + +ALMA (_the human soul_) queen of a Castle, which for seven years was +beset by a rabble rout. Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma +over this castle, which though not named is intended to represent the +human body.--Spenser, _The Faërie Queene_, ii. 9 (1590). + +ALMANSOR ("_the invincible_"), a title assumed by several Mussulman +princes, as by the second caliph of the Abbasside dynasty, named Abou +Giafar Abdallah (_the invincible_, or _al mansor_). Also by the +famous captain of the Moors in Spain, named Mohammed. In Africa, +Yacoubal-Modjahed was entitled "_al mansor_," a royal name of dignity +given to the kings of Fez, Morocco, and Algiers. + + The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus, + Marocco and Algiers. + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 403 (1665). + +ALMANZOR, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, was +told by a hermit named Bag dad that a man called Moclas was destined +to be its founder. "I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told +the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it, +whereupon his nurse ever after called him "Moclas" (_thief_). +Almanzor founded the city, and called it Bag dad, the name of the +hermit.--Marigny. + +_Alman'zor_, in Dryden's tragedy of _The Conquest of Grana'da_. + +_Alman'zor_, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected +fine ladies in Molière's comedy of _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659). + +ALMAVI'VA, (_Count_), in _The Marriage of Figaro_ and _The Barber +of Seville_ by Beaumarchais. _The Follies of a Day_ by T. Holcroft +(1745-1809) is borrowed from Beaumarchais. + +ALME'RIA, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of +Valentia, prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled +to fight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in +which they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had +perished. Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast +of Granada, to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso, +under the assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape, +and at the head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and +"the mournful bride" became converted into the joyful wife.--W. +Congreve, _The Mourning Bride_ (1697). + +ALMES'BURY (3 _syl_.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that queen +Guenever took refuge, after her adulterous passion for sir Lancelot +was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was buried at +Glastonbury. + +ALMEY'DA, the Portuguese governor of India. In his engagement with +the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs +shattered by chain-shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had +himself bound to the shipmast, where he "waved his sword to cheer on +the combatants," till he died from loss of blood. + +Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynaegeros brother of the +poet Æschylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of "the prophet" +in the battle of Muta, and of some others. + + Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn, + His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne; + Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands, + Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful hands: + Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny, + To yield he knows not; but he knows to die. + Camoens, _Lusiad_, x. (1569). + +ALMIRODS (_The_), a rebellions people, who refused to submit to prince +Pantag'ruel after his subjugation of Anarchus king of the Dipsodes (2 +_syl_). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these rebels that +a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting out his +tongue "halfway," sheltered his whole army.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, +ii. 32 (1533). + +ALNAS'CHAR, the dreamer, the "barber's fifth brother." He invested all +his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much, +and then to invest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would +marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur; but being angry with +his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the +ware which had given birth to his dream of wealth.--_The Arabian +Nights' Entertainments_. + +_The Alnaschar of Modern Literature_, S.T. Coleridge, so called +because he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises +which he never carried out (1772-1834). + +ALOA'DIN (4 _syl_.), a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and +garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Paradise." Thalaba slew him with +a club, and the scene of enchantment disappeared.--Southey, _Thalaba +the Destroyer_, vii. (1797). + +ALON'SO, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of Sebastian, +in _The Tempest_, by Shakespeare (1609). + +ALONZO _the brave_, the name of a ballad by M.G. Lewis. The fair +Imogene was betrothed to Alonzo, but during his absence in the wars +became the bride of another. At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat +beside the bride, and, after rebuking her for her infidelity, carried +her off to the grave. + + Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight; + The maid was the fair Imogene. + M.G. Lewis. + +_Alon'zo_, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious +Duarte (3 _syl_.), in the drama called _The Custom of the Country_, by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1647). + +_Alonzo_, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the +friend of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken +prisoner of war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with +him. At the end he fights with Pizarro and kills him.--Sheridan, +_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue). + +_Alonzo (Don)_, "the conqueror of Afric," friend of don Carlos, and +husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out +of friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out +of revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still +entertained for each other their former love, and out of jealousy +Alonzo has his friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with +herself. Zanga now informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless, +and mad with grief he kills himself.--Edw. Young, _The Revenge_ +(1721). + +ALONZO FERNANDEZ DE AVELLANEDA, author of a spurious _Don Quixote_, +who makes a third sally. This was published during the lifetime of +Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance. + +ALP, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in +the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti, +governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a renegade and +apostate. Alp was shot in the siege, and Francesca died of a broken +heart.--Byron, _Siege of Corinth_. + +ALPHE'US (3 _syl_.), a magician and prophet in the army of +Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ +(1516). + +_Alphe'us_ (3 _syl_.), of classic story, being passionately in love +with Arethu'sa, pursued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and +was changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name. + +ALPHON'SO, an irascible old lord in _The Pilgrim_, a comedy by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1621). + +_Alphon'so_, king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no +tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ultimately he recovered his +crown, and Frederick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest +of their lives.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624). + +_Alphonso_, son of count Pedro of Cantabria, afterwards king of Spain. +He was plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord Pelayo. + + The young Alphonso was in truth an heir + Of nature's largest patrimony; rich + In form and feature, growing strength of limb, + A gentle heart, a soul affectionate, + A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts, + And genius heightening and ennobling all. + Southey, _Roderick, etc._, viii. (1814). + +ALQUI'FE (3 _syl_.), a famous enchanter in _Amadis of Gaul_, by Vasco +de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403. + +La Noue denounces such beneficent enchanters as Alquife and Urganda, +because they serve "as a vindication of those who traffic with the +powers of darkness."--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87 (1587). + +ALRINACH, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms +and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form and dress of a +woman.--_Eastern Mythology_. + +ALSCRIP (_Miss_), "the heiress," a vulgar _parvenue_, affected, +conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her, +she assumes the airs of a woman of fashion, and exhibits the follies +without possessing the merits of the upper ten. + +_Mr. Alscrip_, the vulgar father of "the heiress," who finds the +grandeur of sudden wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion, +Berkeley Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as +scrivener in Furnival's Inn.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781). + +AL'TAMONT, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of lord +Sciol'to (3 _syl_). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride has +been seduced by Lotha'rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is +killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself.--N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ +(1703). (Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.) + +ALTAMO'RUS, king of Samarcand', who joined the Egyptian armament +against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk. +xx.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ALTASCAR (_Señor_). A courtly old Spaniard in Bret Harte's Notes by +_Flood and Field_. He is dispossessed of his corral in the Sacramento +Valley by a party of government surveyors, who have come to correct +boundaries (1878). + +ALTEMERA. Typical far-southern girl, with a lovely face, creamy skin, +and a "lazy sweet voice," who takes the leading part in Annie Eliot's +_An Hour's Promise_ (1888). + +ALTHAEA'S BRAND. The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger +would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained +unconsumed. Althaea contrived to keep the log unconsumed for many +years, but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily +into the fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at +the same time.--Ovid, _Metaph_. viii. 4. + + The fatal brand Althaea burned. + Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act i. sc. 1 (1591). + +ALTHE'A (_The divine_), of Richard Lovelace, was Lucy Saeheverell, +also called by the poet, _Lucasta_. + + When love with unconfinèd wings + Hovers within my gates, + And my divine Althea brings + To whisper at my grates. + +(The "grates" here referred to were those of a prison in which +Lovelace was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from +Kent in favor of the king.) + +ALTHEETAR, one of the seven bridegrooms of Lopluël, condemned to die +successively, by a malignant spirit. He is young, beautiful, and +endowed with rare gifts of soul and mind. While singing to her, his +lyre falls from his hand and he dies in her arms, her loosened hair +falling about him as a shroud. + + "So calm, so fair, + He rested on the purple, tapestried floor, + It seemed an angel lay reposing there." + +_Lopluel, or the Bride of Seven_, by Maria del Occidente (Maria Gowen +Brooks) (1833). + +ALTISIDO'RA, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in love +with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response that +he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while he +is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the room +by a rope. As the knight is leaving the mansion, Altisidora accuses +him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denies the +charge, the damsel protests that she said so in her distraction, for +her garters were not stolen. "I am like the man looking for his mule +at the time he was astride its back."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. +iii. 9, etc.; iv. 5 (1615). + +AL'TON (_Miss_), _alias_ Miss CLIFFORD, a sweet, modest young lady, +the companion of Miss Alscrip, "the heiress," a vulgar, conceited +_parvenue_. Lord Gayville is expected to marry "the heiress," but +detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out +that £2000 a year of "the heiress's" fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford +(Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir +Clement Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to +Clifford, who marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the +same on his nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton.--General +Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781). + +AL'TON LOCKE, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley +(1850). This novel won for the author the title of "The Chartist +Clergyman." + +ALVIRA ROBERTS, hired "girl" and faithful retainer of the Fairchild +family. For many years she and Milton Squires, the hired man, have +"kept company." In his prosperity he deserts her. When he is convicted +of murder, she kisses him. "Ef 'twas the last thing I ever done in +my life, I'd dew it. We was--engaged--once't on a time!"--_Seth's +Brother's Wife_, by Harold Frederic (1886). + +ALZIR'DO, king of Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in +his march to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +AM'ADIS OF GAUL, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess +Elize'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the +first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died +1403). These books were translated into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo, +who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by +Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly, +Gilbert Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series +_Le Roman des Romans_. + +Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain +that "Gaul" means _Wales_, not France; that Elizena was princess of +_Brittany_ (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul (_Wales_), not +Gaul _(France)._ + + Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexion, + his aspect something between mild and + austere, and had a handsome black beard. He + was a person of very few words, was not easily + provoked, and was soon appeased.--Cervantes, + _Don Quixote_, II. i. 1 (1615). + +As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of +French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of +Spanish and Portuguese romance; but there is this difference--the tale +of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with +Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered +and overcame in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian +romances, and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of +adventures of different heroes, but there is no unity of purpose; each +set of adventures is complete in itself. + +AMA'DIS OF GREECE, a supplemental part of _Amadis of Gaul_, by +Felicia'no de Silva. There are also several other Amadises--as Amadis +of Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are +very inferior to the original _Amadis of Gaul_. + + +The ancient fables, whose relickes doe yet remain, namely, _Lancelot +of the Lake, Pierceforest, Tristram, Giron the Courteous_, etc., doe +beare witnesse of this odde vanitie. Herewith were men fed for the +space of 500 yeeres, untill our language growing more polished, and +our minds more ticklish, they were driven to invent some novelties +wherewith to delight us. Thus came ye bookes of Amadis into light +among us in this last age.--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87 +(1587). + + +AMAI'MON (3 _syl_.), one of the principal devils. Asmode'us is one of +his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 _Henry IV._ act +ii. sc. 4, and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2. + +AMAL'AHTA, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2 +_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is +described as a brutal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amalahta +wished to marry the princess Goer'vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized +her by force, but was killed in his flight.--Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 16 +(1805). + +AMALTHAE'A, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books +of prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price +demanded, she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the +king, demanded the same price for the remaining six. Again the king +declined the purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the +volumes, demanded the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin +paid the money, and Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says +that Amalthaea burnt the books in the king's presence. Pliny affirms +that the original number of volumes was only three, two of which the +sibyl burnt, and the third was purchased by king Tarquin. + +AMALTHE'A, a mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid +his mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the +vigilance and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by +Diodorus Sic'ulus, bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his _History +of the World_, I. vi. 5) differs from the ordinary story, which makes +Sem'elê the mother of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or +Cham, the son of Noah, founder of the African race.) + + ... that Nyseian ile, + Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham + (Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove) + Hid Amalthea and her florid son, + Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 275 (1665). + +AMANDA, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous attentions, +but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats him with +contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, also +pays attention to Loveless's wife, but she repels his advances with +indignation, and Loveless, who overhears her, conscious of his own +shortcomings, resolves to reform his ways, and, "forsaking all +other," to remain true to Amanda, "so long as they both should +live."--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_. + +_Aman'da_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, is meant for Miss Young, who +married admiral Campbell. + + And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song! + Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself. + +"Spring," 480, 481 (1728). + +_Amanda_, the victim of Peregrine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's +novel of _Peregrine Pickle_ (1751). + +_Amanda_, worldly woman in Julia Ward Howe's poem, _Amanda's +Inventory_, who sums up her wealth and honors, and is forced to +conclude the list with death (1866). + +AMARAN'TA, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly +loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The +Spanish Curate_ (1622). + +AM'ARANTH (_Lady_), in _Wild Oats_, by John O'Keefe, a famous part of +Mrs. Pope (1740-1797). + +AMARIL'LIS, a shepherdess in love with Per'igot (_t_ sounded), but +Perigot loved Am'oret. In order to break off this affection, Amarillis +induced "the sullen shepherd" to dip her in "the magic well," whereby +she became transformed into the perfect resemblance of her rival, and +soon effectually disgusted Perigot with her bold and wanton conduct. +When afterwards he met the true Amoret, he repulsed her, and even +wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, the trick was discovered +by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and Perigot was married to his +true love.--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherd_ (1610). + +AMARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, was +the countess of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest of +the six daughters of sir John Spenser, of Althorpe, ancestor of the +noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. After the death of the +earl, the widow married sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal +(afterwards baron of Ellesmere and viscount Brackley). It was for this +very lady, during her widowhood, that Milton wrote his _Ar'cades_ (3 +_syl_.). + + No less praiseworthy are the sisters three, + The honour of the noble family + Of which I meanest boast myself to be ... + Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis: + Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three, + The next to her is bountiful Charyllis, + But th' youngest is the highest in degree. + +Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594). + +AM'ASISI, _Amosis_, or _Aah'mes_ (3 _syl_.), founder of the eighteenth +Egyptian dynasty (B.C. 1610). Lord Brooke attributes to him one of the +pyramids. The three chief pyramids are usually ascribed to Suphis (or +Cheops), Sen-Suphis (or Cephrenês), and Mencherês, all of the fourth +dynasty. + + Amasis and Cheops how can time forgive. + Who in their useless pyramids would live? + +Lord Brooke, _Peace_. + +AMATEUR (_An_), Pierce Egan the younger published under this pseudonym +his _Real Life in London_, or _The Rambles and Adventures of Rob +Tally-ho, Esq., and his Cousin, the Hon. Tom Dashall, through the +Metropolis_ (1821-2). + +AMAUROTS (_The_), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the Dipsodes +(2 _syl_.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly routed +the invaders.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533). + +AMA'VIA, the personification of Intemperance in grief. Hearing that +her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by +the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in quest of him, and found him so +changed in mind and body she could scarcely recognize him; however, +she managed by tact to bring him away, but he died on the road, and +Amavia stabbed herself from excessive grief.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, +ii. 1 (1590). + +AMAZO'NA, a fairy, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and the +Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered +and became both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'lona a +bunch of gilly-flowers, which enabled her to pass unrecognized before +those who knew her well.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The +Princess Carpillona," 1682). + +AMAZONS, a fabled race of women-warriors. It was said that in order to +use the bow, they cut off one of their breasts. + +AMBER, said to be a concretion of birds' tears, but the birds were the +sisters of Melea'ger, called Meleag'ridês, who never ceased weeping +for their dead brother.--Pliny, _Natural History_, xxxvii. 2, 11. + + Around thee shall glisten the loveliest amber. + That ever the sorrowing sea-birds have wept. + +T. Moore, _Fire-Worshippers_. + +AM'BROSE (2 _syl_.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil +Blas the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who +assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself +Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil Blas +to a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his +portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to find out that the +house is only a hired lodging.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 15, 16 (1715). + +(This incident is borrowed from Espinel's romance entitled _Vida de +Escudero, marcos de Obregon_, 1618.) + +_Am'brose_ (2 _syl_.), a male domestic servant waiting on Miss +Seraphine and Miss Angelica Arthuret.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ +(time, George II.). + +_Ambrose (Brother)_, a monk who attended the prior Aymer, of Jorvaulx +Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Am'brosius (Father)_, abbot of Kennaquhair, is Edward Glendinning, +brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Avenel). He appears +at Kinross, disguised as a nobleman's retainer.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +AME'LIA, heroine of novel of same name. Young daughter of a German +inn-keeper, who rises to a high position in society, through native +merit, graces of mind and person.--Eliza Leslie (1843). + +_Ame'lia_, a model of conjugal affection, in Fielding's novel so +called. It is said that the character was modelled from his own +wife. Dr. Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once +stopping. + + +_Amelia_ is perhaps the only book of which, being printed off betimes +one morning, a new edition was called for before night. The character +of Amelia is the most pleasing heroine of all the romances.--Dr. +Johnson. + + +_Ame'lia_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, a beautiful, innocent young woman, +overtaken by a storm while walking with her troth-plight lover, +Cel'adon, "with equal virtue formed, and equal grace. Hers the mild +lustre of the blooming morn, and his the radiance of the risen day." +Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, "'Tis safety to be near +thee, sure;" when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his +arms.--"Summer" (1727). + +_Amelia_, in Schiller's tragedy of _The Robbers_. + + Or they will learn how generous worth sublimes + The robber Moor, and pleads for all his crimes; + How poor Amelia kissed with many a tear + His hand, blood-stained, but ever, ever dear. + +Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799). + +_Amelia Bailey_, ambitious woman with "literary tastes," who in +pursuit of a suitable sphere, marries a rich Californian, and "shines +with the diamonds her husband has bought, and makes a noise, but it is +the blare of vulgar ostentation,"--William Henry Rideing, _A Little +Upstart_ (1885). + +AMELOT (2 _syl_.), the page of sir Damian de Lacy.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +AM'GIAD, son of Camaralzaman and Badoura, and half-brother of Assad +(son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Each of the two mothers +conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young +princes revolted at their advances, accused them to their father of +designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman ordered his emir Giondar to put +them both to death, but as the young men had saved him from a lion he +laid no hand on them, but told them not to return to their father's +dominions. They wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both +reached the same place, which was a city of the Magi. Here, by a +strange adventure Amgiad was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into +a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god. +Bosta'na, a daughter of the old man who imprisoned Assad, released +him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made her his wife. After which, the +king, who was greatly advanced in years, appointed him his successor, +and Amgiad used his best efforts to abolish the worship of fire and +establish "the true faith."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad"). + +AM'YAS, a squire of low degree, beloved by Aemylia. They agreed +to meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken +captives--Amyas by Corflambo, and Aemylia by a man monster. Aemylia +was released by Belphoebê (3 _syl_.), who slew "the caitiff;" and +Amyas by prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. The two lovers were then +brought together by the prince "in peace and joyous blis."--Spenser, +_Faëry Queen_, iv. 7, 9 (1596). + +AMI'DAS, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio; the +former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the +wealthy Philtra. The two brothers had each an island of equal size and +value left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island +of the younger brother, and encroached on that belonging to Bracidas. +When Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing, +she forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier; while Lucy, +seeing herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest +attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the +wasted island. It was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its +contents and herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own +by right, and the question in dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. +The wise arbiter decided, that whereas Armidas claimed as his own all +the additions given to his island by the sea, Lucy might claim as her +own the chest, because the sea had given it to her.--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, v. 4 (1596). + +AM'IEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for sir Edward +Seymour, Speaker of the House of Commons. + + Who can Amiel's praise refuse? + Of ancient race by birth, but nobler yet + In his own worth, and without title great. + The sanhedrim long time as chief he ruled, + Their reason guided, and their passion cooled. + +Part i. + +A'MIN (_Prince_), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid; he married +Am'inê, sister of Zobeide (3 _syl_.), the caliph's wife.--_Arabian +Nights' Entertainments_ ("The History of Amine"). + +_Am'ina_, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to +Elvi'no, a rich farmer, but being found the night before the wedding +in the chamber of count Rodolpho, Elvino rightly refused to marry her. +The count remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were +talking, the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along +the narrow edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly +revolving; she then crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same +chamber. Here she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around +him so lovingly, that all his doubts vanished, and he married +her.--Bellini, _La Sonnambula_ (an opera, 1831). + +AM'INE (3 _syl_.), half-sister of Zobei'dè (3 _syl_.), and wife of +Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to purchase a robe, and the +seller told her he would charge nothing if she would suffer him to +kiss her cheek. Instead of kissing he bit it, and Amine, being asked +by her husband how she came by the wound, so shuffled in her answers +that he commanded her to be put to death, a sentence he afterwards +commuted to scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories +of their lives to the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin +became reconciled to his wife, and the caliph married her +half-sister.--_Arabian Nights'Entertainments_ ("History of Zobeide and +History of Amine"). + +AM'INE (3 _syl_.) or AM'INES (3 _syl_.), the beautiful wife of Sidi +Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin for +the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions. +This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain +on what his wife really fed, and to his horror discovered that she was +a ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the cemetery, and feasted on +the freshly-buried dead.--_Arabian Nights_ ("History of Sidi Nouman"). + + One of the Aminês' sort, who pick up their + grains of food with a bodkin.--O.W. Holmes, + _Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table_. + +AMIN'TOR, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia, but +by the king's command he marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). This is the great +event of the tragedy of which Amintor is the hero. The sad story of +Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play.--Beaumont and Fletcher, +_The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610). + +(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England claimed the +feudal right of disposing in marriage any one who owed them feudal +allegiance. In _All's Well that Ends Well_, Shakespeare makes the king +of France exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count +of Rousillon, to marry against his will Hel'ena, the physician's +daughter.) + +AMIS THE PRIEST, the hero of a comic German epic of the 13th century, +represented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humor, but +ignorant and hypocritical. His popularity excites the envy of the +superior clergy, who seek to depose him from the priesthood by making +public exposition of his ignorance, but by his quickness at repartee +he always manages to turn the laugh against them.--Ascribed to +Stricker of Austria. + +AM'LET (_Richard_), the gamester in Vanbrugh's _Confederacy_ (1695). +He is usually called "Dick." + + +I saw Miss Pope for the second time, in the year 1790, in the +character of "Flippanta," John Palmer being "Dick Amlet," and Mrs. +Jordan "Corinna."--James Smith. + + +_Mrs. Amlet_, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman, mother of _Dick_, of whom +she is very proud, although she calls him a "sad scapegrace," and +swears "he will be hanged." At last she settles on him £10,000, and he +marries Corinna, daughter of Gripe the rich scrivener. + +AMMO'NIAN HORN (_The_), the cornucopia. Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to +his mistress Amalthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a tract of land resembling +a ram's horn in shape, and hence called the "_Ammonian_ horn" (from +the giver), the "_Amalthe'an_ horn" (from the receiver), and the +"_Hesperian_ horn" (from its locality). Amalthea also personifies +fertility. (Ammon is Ham, son of Noah, founder of the African race.) +(See AMALTHEA.) + + [Here] Amalthea pours, + Well pleased, the wealth of that Ammonian horn, + Her dower. Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_. + +AM'MON'S SON. Alexander the Great called himself the son of the god +Ammon, but others call him the son of Philip of Macedon. + + Of food I think with Philip's son, or rather + Ammon's (ill pleased with one world and one + father). + Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31. + +(Alluding to the tale that when Alexander had conquered the whole +world, he wept that there was no other world to conquer.) + +A'MON'S SON is Rinaldo, eldest son of Amon or Aymon marquis d'Este, +and nephew of Charlemagne.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +AM'ORET, a modest, faithful shepherdess, who plighted her troth to +Per'igot (_t_ sounded) at the "Virtuous Well." The wanton shepherdess +Amarillis, having by enchantment assumed her appearance and dress, so +disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, that he lost his love for the +true Amoret, repulsed her with indignation, and tried to kill her. The +deception was revealed by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and the +lovers being reconciled, were happily married.--John Fletcher, _The +Faithful Shepherdess_ (before 1611). + +AMORET'TA or AM'ORET, twin-born with Belphoebê (3 _syl_.), their +mother being Chrysog'onê (4 _syl_.). While the mother and her two +babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and Venus +the other. Venus committed Amoretta to the charge of Psychê (2 +_syl_.), and Psychê tended her as lovingly as she tended her own +daughter Pleasure, "to whom she became the companion." When grown to +marriageable estate, Amoretta was brought to Fairyland, and wounded +many a heart, but gave her own only to sir Scudamore (bk. iii. 6). +Being seized by Bu'sirane, an enchanter, she was kept in durance +by him because she would not "her true love deny;" but Britomart +delivered her and bound the enchanter (bk. iii. 11, 12), after which +she became the tender, loving wife of sir Scudamore. + +_Amoret_ is the type of female loveliness and wifely affection, soft, +warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent; not sensual nor yet platonic, but +that living, breathing, warm-hearted love which fits woman for the +fond mother and faithful wife.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590). + +AMOUR'Y (_Sir Giles_), the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars, who +conspires with the marquis of Montserrat against Richard I. Saladin +cuts off the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +AM'PHIBAL (_St._), confessor of St. Alban of Verulam. When Maximia'nus +Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled down the +Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death the +Christians with unflagging zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and offered +to die for him. + + A thousand other saints whom Amphibal had taught ... + Were slain where Lichfield is, whose name doth rightly sound + (There of those Christians slain), "Dead-field" or burying-ground. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +AMPHI'ON is said to have built Thebes by the music of his lute. +Tennyson has a poem called _Amphion_, a skit and rhyming _jeu +d'esprit_. + + Amphion there the loud creating lyre + Strikes, and behold a sudden Thebes aspire. + +Pope, _Temple of Fame_. + +AMPHIS-BAENA, a reptile which could go head foremost either way, +because it had a head at each extremity. Milton uses the word in +_Paradise Lost_, x. 524. (Greek, _ampi baino_, "I go both ways.") + + The amphis-baena doubly armed appears, + At either end a threatening head she rears. + +Rowe, _Pharsalia_, ix. 696, etc. (by Lucan). + +AMPHITRYON, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'nê (3 _syl._). While +Amphitryon was absent at war with Pter'elas, king of the Tel'eboans, +Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmenê, who in due time became +the mother of Her'culês. Next day Amphitryon returned, having slain +Pterelas, and Alcmenê was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a +great entanglement arose, Alcmenê telling her husband he visited her +last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon +declaring he was with the army. This confusion is still further +increased by his slave Sos'ia, who went to take to Alcmenê the news of +victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had +assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out +whether he was himself or not. This plot has been made a comedy by +Plautus, Molière, and Dryden. + + The scenes which Plautus drew, to-night we show, + Touched by Molière, by Dryden taught to glow. + + _Prologue to Hawksworth's version_. + + +As an Amphitryon _chez qui l'on dine_, no one knows better than Ouidà +the uses of a _recherché_ dinner.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix. + + +"_Amphitryon_": _Le véritable Amphitryon est l'Amphitryon où l'on +dine_ ("The master of the feast is the master of the house"). While +the confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphitryon, +_Socie_ [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and +replied-- + + Je ne me trompois pas, messieurs; ce mot termine + Toute l'irrésolution; + Le véritable Amphitryon + Est l'Amphitryon où l'on dine. + + Molière, _Amphitryon_, iii. 5 (1668). + + Demosthenes and Cicero + Are doubtless stately names to hear, + But that of good Amphitryon + Sounds far more pleasant to my ear. + + M.A. Désaugiers (1772-1827). + +AMRAH, the faithful woman-servant of the household of Ben-Hur in Lew +Wallace's novel, _Ben-Hur_. Through her heroic services, Judah, +the son, finds the mother and sister from whom he has been so long +separated (1880). + +AM'RI, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage +Finch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called "The +Father of Equity" (1621-1682). + + To whom the double blessing did belong, + With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue. + +Part ii. + +AMUN'DEVILLE (_Lord Henry_), one of the "British privy council." After +the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where he +entertained a select and numerous party, among which were the duchess +of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian envoy." +His wife was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70, +71.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. to end. + +AM'URATH III., sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father, +Selim II., and reigned 1574-1595. His first act was to invite all his +brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this +when he says-- + + This is the English, not the Turkish court; + Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds, + But Harry, Harry. + +Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act v. sc. 2 (1598). + +AMUSEMENTS OF KINGS. The great amusement of _Ardeltas_ of Arabia +Petraea, was currying horses; of _Artaba'nus_ of Persia, was +mole-catching; of _Domitian_ of Rome, was catching flies; of +_Ferdinand VII._, of Spain, was embroidering petticoats; of _Louis +XVI._, clock and lock making; of _George IV._, the game of patience. + +AMY MARCH, the artist sister in Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_ +(1868). + +AMY WENTWORTH, the high-born but contented wife of the "Brown Viking +of the Fishing-smack," in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, _Amy +Wentworth_. + + She sings, and smiling, hears her praise, + But dreams the while of one + Who watches from his sea-blown deck + The ice-bergs in the sun. (1860.) + +AMYN'TAS, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, by Spenser, is +Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594. + + Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn. + He, whilst he lived, was the noblest swain + That ever pipèd on an oaten quill. + +Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591). + +AMYN'TOR. (See AMINTOR.) + +A'MYS and AMY'LION, the Damon and Pythias of mediaeval romance.--See +Ellis's _Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances_. + +AMYTIS, the Median queen of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. +Beautiful, passionate, and conscienceless, she condemns an innocent +rival to the worst of fates, without a pang of conscience, and dies a +violent death at the hands of one who was once her lover. + +The gardens were well-watered and dripped luxuriantly.... At this time +of the morning, Amytis amused herself alone, or with a few favored +slaves. She dipped through artificial dew and pollen, bloom and +fountain, like one of the butterflies that circled above her small +head, or one of the bright cold lizards that crept about her feet. She +bathed, she ran, she sang, and curled to sleep, and stirred and bathed +again.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and +Herbert D. Ward (1890). + +ANACHARSIS [CLOOTZ]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the _prenome_ +of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled about +Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and improve his own +countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own +object in life was like that of Anacharsis (1755-1794). + +ANACHRONISMS. (See ERRORS.) + +CHAUCER, in his tale of _Troilus_, at the siege of Troy, makes +Pandarus refer to _Robin Hood_. + + And to himselfe ful soberly he saied, + From hasellwood there jolly Robin plaied. + +Book v. + +GILES FLETCHER, in _Christ's Victory_, pt. ii. makes the Tempter +seem to be "a good old _hermit_ or _palmer_, travelling to see some +_saint_, and _telling his beads!!_" + +LODGE, in _The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla_ (1594), mentions +"the razor of Palermo" and "St. Paul's steeple," and introduces +Frenchmen who "for forty crowns" undertake to poison the Roman consul. + +MORGLAY makes Dido tell Æneas that she should have been contented with +a son, even "if he had been a _cockney dandiprat_" (1582). + +SCHILLER, in his _Piccolomini_, speaks of _lightning conductors_. This +was about 150 years before they were invented. + +SHAKESPEAKE, in his _Coriolanus_ (act ii. sc. 1), makes Menenius refer +to _Galen_ above 600 years before he was born. + +Cominius alludes to _Roman Plays_, but no such things were known for +250 years after the death of Cominius.--_Coriolanus_, act ii. sc. 2. + +Brutus refers to the "_Marcian Waters_ brought to Rome by Censorinus." +This was not done till 300 years afterwards. + +In _Hamlet_, the prince Hamlet was educated at _Wittemberg School_, +which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo-Germanicus, from whom +Shakespeare borrowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was thirty years +old when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2). + +In 1 _Henry IV._, the carrier complains that "the _turkeys_ in his +pannier are quite starved" (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from +America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century +after. Again in _Henry V._, Grower is made to say to Fluellen, "Here +comes Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock" (act v. sc. 1). + +In _Julius Cæsar_, Brutus says to Cassius, "Peace, count the clock." +To which Cassius replies, "The clock has stricken three." + +Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not +invented till some 1400 years after the death of Cæsar. + +VIRGIL places Æneas in the port Velinus, which was made by Curius +Dentatus. + +This list, with very little trouble, might be greatly multiplied. The +hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and +places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a +few examples from Ariosto's great poem, _Orlando Furioso_. + +Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of +England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the +dukes of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by +Cymosco king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk. +vi.). We have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not +invited over by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's +death. In bk. xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the +last three books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337. + +ANAC'REON, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that +songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C. 563-478). + +_Anacreon of Painters_, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660). + +_Anacreon of the Guillotine_, Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (1755-1841). + +_Anacreon of the Temple_, Guillaume Amfrye, abbé de Chaulieu +(1639-1720). + +_Anacreon of the Twelfth Century_, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper." +His famous drinking song, "Meum est prepositum ..." has been +translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-1196). + +_The French Anacreon_. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad +poets" (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the _Caveau +Moderne_, a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member +was of necessity a poet (1727-1811). + +_The Persian Anacreon_, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is +called _The Divan_ (1310-1389). + +_The Sicilian Anacreon_, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815). + +ANACREON MOORE, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called +"Anacreon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own +original anacreontic songs. + + Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 104. + +ANAGNUS, Inchastity personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas +Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus +(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), Acath'arus, and Asel'gês +(_lasciviousness_), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In +the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (_wifely +chastity_), the spouse of Encra'tes (_temperance_) and sister of +Parthen'ia (_maidenly chastity_). (Greek, _anagnos_, "impure.") +(1633.) + +ANAGRAMS. + +CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). _Claims Arthur's Seat_. + +DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). _Never so +mad a ladie_. + +HORATIO NELSON. _Honor est a Nilo_. + +MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). _Je charme tout_ (made by +Henri IV.). + +Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? _Est vir qui adest_. + +SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. _You horrid butcher, +Orton, biggest rascal here._ + +A'NAH, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved +her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried her +off to another planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_. + + Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters: + Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her + sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one + loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears + that her love makes her "heart grow impious," + and that she worships the seraph rather than the + Creator.--Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton). + +ANAK OF PUBLISHERS, so John Murray was called by lord Byron +(1778-1843). + +AN'AKIM or ANAK, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were terrible +for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves +were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them. + + I felt the thews of Anakim, + The pulses of a Titan's heart. + +Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, iii. + +(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war +with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 _syl_.) + +ANAMNES'TES (4 _syl_), the boy who waited on Eumnestês (Memory). +Eumnestês was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a "man of +infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but +when unable to "fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept +Anamnestês, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss." +(Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory;" _anamne'stis_, "research or +calling up to mind.") + + And oft when things were lost or laid amiss, + That boy them sought and unto him did lend; + Therefore the Anamnestes clepêd is, + And that old man Eumnestes. + +Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 9 (1590). + +ANANI'AS, in _The Alchemist_, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610). + +("Wasp" in _Bartholomew Fair_, "Corbaccio" in _The Fox_, "Morose" in +_The Silent Woman_, all by B. Jonson.) + +ANARCHUS, king of the Dipsodes (2 _syl_.), defeated by Pantag'ruel, +who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and +married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the +wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife, +being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and +the ex-tyrant did not dare call his soul his own."--Rabelais, +_Pantagruel_, ii. 31 (1533). + +ANASTA'SIUS, the hero of a novel called _Memoirs of Anastasius_, by +Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is +the autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his +crimes and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long +series of adventures. + + Fiction has but few pictures which will bear + comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on + the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his + dying boy in his arms.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance." + +ANASTASIUS GRÜN, the _nom de plume_ of Anton Alexander von Auersperg, +a German poet (1806-1876). + +ANASTERAX, brother of Niquee [_ne.kay_], with whom he lives in +incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her +god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.--_Amadis de Gaul_. + +AN'CHO, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms +himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese, +converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with +terror. The Ancho hates church bells. + +ANCIENT MARINER (_The_), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot +an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are +visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance; +but he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to +others as a warning lesson. + +AN'DERSON (_Eppie_), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held by +Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +ANDRÉ (2 _syl_.). Petit-André and Trois Echelles are the executioners +of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in +_Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_. + +_André_, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant). +This novel and that called _Consuelo_ (4 _syl_.) are considered her +best (1804-1876). + +ANDRE'OS, Fortitude personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas +Fletcher (canto x.). "None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the +yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, _andria_ or _andreia_, +"manliness.") + +ANDREW, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +ANDREWS, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.--Sir W. +Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.). + +_Andrews (Joseph)_, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is +a footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of +[Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man. + + The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good + qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the + dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen + of the county, and his constancy in refusing + bribes and temptation, have something refreshing + in their _naïveté_ and freshness, and prepossess + one in favor of that handsome young hero.--Thackeray. + +ANDROCLUS AND THE LION. Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who took +refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to +pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a +thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight +with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same +lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor, +and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The +story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set +free. + +A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English +consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day +he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one +which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear, +than the beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered +the cage, when the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face, +wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great +duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became +dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he +bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up. + +ANDROMACHE [_An. drom'. a. ky_], widow of Hector. At the downfall of +Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king +of Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled +his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestês son of +Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and +put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's +death. Pyrrhus told Andromachê that he would protect her son in +defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she +reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were +going on, the ambassadors rushed on Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he +fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became +the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in +flight.--Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712). + +ANDROMEDA, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease +Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus +slew the monster and made the maiden his wife. + +ANDRONI'CA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her +beauty.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ANDRONI'CUS (_Titus_), a noble Roman general against the Goths, +father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of +Shakespeare, the word all through is called _Andron'icus_ (1593). + +_Marcus Andronicus_, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people. + +ANDROPH'ILUS, Philanthropy personified in _The Purple Island_, +by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek, +_Andro-philos_, "a lover of mankind.") + +ANDY (_Handy_), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has +boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.--Samuel Lover, _Handy +Andy_. + +ANEAL (2 _syl_.), daughter of Maä'ni, who loves Djabal, and believes +him to be "hakeem'" (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses) +returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to +Syria from exile in the Spo'radês. When, however, she discovers his +imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment.--Robert +Browning, _The Return of the Druses_. + +_L'ange de Dieu_, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of +the Camisards. + +ANGELA MESSENGER, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous +fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among +them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in +part, builds _The People's Palace_--or Palace of Delights.--_All Sorts +and Conditions of Men_, by Walter Besant (1889). + +ANGEL'ICA, in Bojardo's _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495), is daughter of +Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in +love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory. +Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately +loves Rinaldo, who positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink +of certain fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their +hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love +for Rinaldo. + +_Angelica_, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516), is the same lady, +who marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro +succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy +and pride. + + The fairest of her sex, Angelica, + ...Sought by many prowest knights, + Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne. + +Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (1671). + +_Angelica (The Princess_), called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The +loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the +second part of _Parismus Prince of Bohemia_, by Emanuel Foord (1598). + +_Angelica_, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a +time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but +Angelica gets possession of a bond for £4000, and tears it. The money +difficulty being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.--W. +Congreve, _Love for Love_ (1695). + +Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and +playful coquetry, in "Statira" or "Millamant;" and even at an advanced +age, when she played "Angelica."--C. Dibden. + +_Angelica_, the troth-plight wife of Valère, "the gamester." She +gives him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of +forfeiting her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in +disguise is the winner of it. After much tribulation, Valère is +cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage.--Mrs. +Centlivre, _The Gamester_ (1705). + +ANGELI'NA, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called _The Elder +Brother_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637). + +_Angelina_, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry +Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a +bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried +to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search +of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to +Elvira of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of +Angelina with Carlos.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_. + +Angelique' (3 _syl._), daughter of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. Her +lover is Cléante (2 _syl._). In order to prove whether his wife or +daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon +the wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting +creature," hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her +heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed +to devote the rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul. +Argan, being assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to +her marriage with Cléante.--Molière, _Malade Imaginaire_ (1673). + +_Angelique_, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French +commoner. She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives +to turn the tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a +rendezvous from one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays +the affair before M. and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The +baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accusation, +and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife +and Clitandre together, and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville; +but Angelique, aware of their presence, pretends to denounce her +lover, and even takes up a stick to beat him for the "insult offered +to a virtuous wife;" so again the parents declare their daughter to be +the very paragon of women. Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and +Clitandre together at night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife +out of her room; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when +George goes for a light to look for the body, she rushes into her room +and shuts him out. At this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique +accuses her husband of being out all night in a debauch; and he is +made to beg her pardon on his knees.--Molière, _George Dandin_ (1668). + +AN'GELO, in _Measure for Measure_, lord deputy of Vienna in the +absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord +Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio, +but his designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry +Mariana.--Shakespeare (1603). + +_An'gelo_, a gentleman friend to Julio in _The Captain_, a drama by +Beaumont and Fletcher (1613). + +ANGELS (_Orders of_). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the +angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the +_first_ circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the _second_ circle; +Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the +_third_ circle. + + Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet + esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos, + Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus, + Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.--St. + Gregory the Great, _Homily_ 34. + +(See _Hymns Ancient and Modern_, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.) + +ANGER ... THE ALPHABET. It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised +Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to +anger. + + Un certain Grec disait à l'empereur Auguste, + Comme une instruction utile autant que juste, + Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colère nous met, + Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet, + Afin que dans ce temps la bile se tempère, + Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire. + +Molière, _L'École des Femmes_, ii. 4 (1662). + +ANGIOLI'NA (4 _syl_.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young wife of +Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel Steno, +having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the great +civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by order +of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against the +dogaressa. This insult was referred to "The Forty," and Steno was +sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a +very inadequate punishment for the offence.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_. + + The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina + is developed most admirably. The great + difference between her temper and that of her + fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less + vividly touched is that strong bond of union + which exists in the common nobleness of their + deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in + the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the + fervor of youthful passion in his young wife; + but he finds what is far better--the fearless confidence + of one so innocent that she can scarcely + believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks + Steno's greatest punishment will be "the blushes + of his privacy."--Lockhart. + +ANGLAN'TE'S LORD, Orlando, who was lord of Anglantê and knight of +Brava.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +AN'GLIDES (3 _syl_.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 _syl_.), +brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever +was born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son +Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce (_i.e. Arundel_), where she +lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor +of knighthood.--Sir T. Malory, _Hist, of Pr. Arthur_, ii. 117, 118 +(1470). + +AN'GUISANT, king of Erin (_Ireland_), subdued by king Arthur fighting +in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson, +_Coming of King Arthur_. + +ANGULE (_St._), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus +Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian. + + St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men, + At London, of that see the godly bishop then. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +ANGURVA'DEL, Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters, which +blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace. + +ANICE, the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart, from +his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, _An Echo of Passion_ +(1882). + +ANIMULA, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a microscope +of extraordinary and inconceivable power.--_The Diamond Lens_, by +Fitz-James O'Brien (1854). + +ANJOU (_The Fair Maid of_), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married David +earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a kinswoman +of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen Berengaria. + +[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in _The +Talisman_ (1825). + +ANN (_The princess_), lady of Beaujeu.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin +Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +_Ann_ (_The Lady_), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, _The Lady +Ann_, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband +(1868). + +ANNA (_Donna_), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by don +Giovanni.--Mozart's opera, _Don Giovanni_ (1787). + +AN'NABEL, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by + +Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott +(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her +faithless husband. + + With secret joy indulgent David [_Charles II_.] + viewed + His youthful image in his son renewed; + To all his wishes nothing he denied, + And made the charming Annabel his bride. + Part i. + +ANNABEL LEE. Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be +a loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of +consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847. + + The angels, not half so happy in heaven + Went envying her and me; + Yes! that was the reason (as all men know, + In this kingdom by the sea) + That the wind came out of the cloud by night, + Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.) + +ANNA PASTORIUS, wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, _The +Pennsylvania Pilgrim_. At his cry "Help! for the good man faileth!" +she points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as "the +century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom," love and patience will soon +or late conquer wrong (1872). + +AN'NAPLE [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's "monthly" nurse.--Sir W. Scott, +_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +_An'naple_, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young +farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +ANNE (_Sister_), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife of +Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the +locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister +Anne ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing +her brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her +agony, keeps asking "sister Anne" if she can see them, and Blue Beard +keeps crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience +of both is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from +death.--Charles Perrault, _La Barbe Bleue_. + +_Anne_, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon, +and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorloïs. She was given by her brother +in marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of +Norway.--Geoffrey, _British History_, viii. 20, 21. + +[Illustration] In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse +(_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent +(_Gareth and Lynette_). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king +of Orkney. + +ANNE CATHERICK, half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura Fairlie, +to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance suggests to +the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead body as that +of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the latter.--_The +Woman in White_, by Wilkie Collins (1865). + +ANNE DOUGLAS, heroine of _Anne_, a novel by Constance Fenimore Woolson +(1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich. + +ANNETTE, daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian, +captain of the patrol.--J.E. Ware, _The Polish Jew_. + +ANNETTE AND LUBLIN, by Marmontel, imitated from the _Daphnis and +Chloe_ of Longos (_q.v._). + +ANNIE KILBURN, the conscientious heiress who returns to a New England +homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her duty in +the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale, pretty, +and not youthful except in heart.--_Annie Kilburn_, by William Dean +Howells (1888). + +AN'NIE LAU'RIE, eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Laurie, of +Maxwelton. In 1709 she married James Fergusson, of Craigdarroch, and +was the mother of Alexander Fergusson, the hero of Burns's song _The +Whistle_. The song of _Annie Laurie_ was written by William Douglas, +of Fingland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song +_Willie was a Wanton Wag_. (See WHISTLE.) + +Bayard Taylor has used the ballad with thrilling effect in his poem +_The Song of the Camp_. + + They sang of love, and not of fame, + Forgot was Britain's glory, + Each heart recalled a different name, + But all sang "Annie Laurie." + Voice after voice caught up the song + Until its tender passion + Rose, like an anthem, rich and strong, + Their battle-eve confession. + + * * * * * + + Dear girl! her name he dared not speak, + But as the song grew louder, + Something upon the soldier's cheek + Washed off the stain of powder. + + * * * * * + +AN'NIE WIN'NIE, one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death; the other +was Ailsie Gourlay.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, +William III.). + +ANNIR, king of Inis-thona (an island of Scandinavia). He had two sons +(Argon and Ruro) and one daughter. One day Cor'malo, a neighboring +chief, came and begged the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the +request, and overthrew him, which so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt +he shot both the brothers secretly with his bow. Their dog Runa ran +to the palace, and howled so as to attract attention; whereupon Annir +followed the hound, and found both his sons dead, and on his return he +further found that Cormalo had carried off his daughter. Oscar, son of +Ossian, led an army against the villain, and slew him; then liberating +the young lady, he took her back to Inis-thona, and delivered her to +her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of Inis-thona"). + +AN'NOPHEL, daughter of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of +Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647). + +ANSELM, prior of St. Dominic, the confessor of king Henry IV.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +ANSELME (2 _syl_.), father of Valère (2 _syl_.) and Mariane (3 +_syl_.). In reality he is don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. The family +were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked +were all parted. Valère was picked up by a Spanish captain, who +adopted him; Mariane fell into the hands of a corsair, who kept her +a captive for ten years, when she effected her escape; and Anselme +wandered from place to place for ten years, when he settled in Paris, +and intended to marry. At the expiration of sixteen years they all met +in Paris at the house of Har'pagon, the miser. Valère was in love +with Elise (2 _syl_.), the miser's daughter, promised by Harpagon in +marriage to Anselme; and Mariane, affianced to the miser's son Cléante +(2 _syl_.), was sought in marriage by Harpagon, the old father. As +soon as Anselme discovered that Valère and Mariane were his own +children, matters were soon amicably arranged, the young people +married, and the old ones retired from the unequal contest.--Molière, +_L'Avare_ (1667). + +ANSELMO, a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Lothario. Anselmo +married Camilla, and induced his friend to try to corrupt her, that +he might rejoice in her incorruptible fidelity. Lothario unwillingly +undertook the task, and succeeded but too well. For a time Anselmo +was deceived, but at length Camilla eloped, and the end of the silly +affair was that Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle, +and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6; +_Fatal Curiosity_ (1605). + +AN'STER (_Hob_), a constable at Kinross village.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +ANSTISS DOLBEARE, heroine of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney's novel, _Hitherto_, +a sensitive, imaginative, morbid, motherless girl who is "all the time +holding up her soul ... with a thorn in it" (1872). + +ANTAE'OS, a gigantic wrestler of Libya (or _Irassa_). His strength was +inexhaustible so long as he touched the earth, and was renewed every +time he did touch it. Her'culés killed him by lifting him up from the +earth and squeezing him to death. (See MALEGER.) + + As when earth's son Antaeus ... in Irassa strove + With Jove's Alcidês, and oft foiled, still rose, + Receiving from his mother earth new strength, + Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined, + Throttled at length in the air, expired and fell. + +Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iv. (563). + +[Illustration] Similarly, when Bernardo del Carpio assailed Orlando or +Rolando at Roncesvallês, as he found his body was not to be pierced by +any instrument of war, he took him up in his arms and squeezed him to +death. + +N.B.--The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot. + +ANTE'NOR, a traitorous Trojan prince, related to Priam. He advised +Ulyssês to carry away the palladium from Troy, and when the wooden +horse was built it was Antenor who urged the Trojans to make a breach +in the wall and drag the horse into the city.--Shakespeare has +introduced him in _Troilus and Cressida_ (1602). + +ANTHEA, beautiful woman to whom Herrick addresses several poems. + +ANTHI'A, the lady beloved by Abroc'omas in the Greek romance called +_De Amoribus Anthiae et Abrocomae_, by Xenophon of Ephesus, who lived +in the fourth Christian century. (This is not Xenophon the historian, +who lived B.C. 444-359.) + +ANTHONIO, "the merchant of Venice," in Shakespeare's drama so called +(1598). Anthonio borrows of Shylock, a Jew, 3000 ducats for three +months, to lend to his friend Bassanio. The conditions of the loan +were these: if the money was paid within the time, only the principal +should be returned; but if not, the Jew should be allowed to cut from +Anthonio's body "a pound of flesh." As the ships of Anthonio were +delayed by contrary winds, he was unable to pay within the three +months, and Shylock demanded the forfeiture according to the bond. +Portia, in the dress of a law-doctor, conducted the case, and when the +Jew was about to cut the flesh, stopped him, saying--(1) the bond gave +him no drop of blood; and (2) he must take neither more nor less than +an exact pound. If he shed one drop of blood or if he cut more or +less than an exact pound, his life would be forfeit. As it was quite +impossible to comply with these restrictions, the Jew was nonsuited, +and had to pay a heavy fine for seeking the life of a citizen. + +_Antho'nio_, the ursuping duke of Milan, and brother of Pros'pero (the +rightful duke, and father of Miranda).--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_ +(1609). + +_Antho'nio_, father of Protheus, and suitor of Julia.--Shakespeare, +_The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594). + +AN'THONY, an English archer in the cottage of farmer Dickson, of +Douglasdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +_An'thony_, the old postillion at Meg Dods's, the landlady of the inn +at St. Ronan's Well.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George +III.). + +ANTID'IUS, bishop of Jaen, martyred by the Vandals in 411. One day, +seeing the devil writing in his pocket-book some sin committed by the +pope, he jumped upon his back and commanded his Satanic majesty to +carry him to Rome. The devil tried to make the bishop pronounce the +name of Jesus, which would break the spell, and then the devil would +have tossed his unwelcome burden into the sea, but the bishop only +cried, "Gee up, devil!" and when he reached Rome he was covered with +Alpine snow. The chronicler naïvely adds, "the hat is still shown at +Rome in confirmation of this miracle."--_General Chronicle of King +Alphonso the Wise_. + +ANTIG'ONE (4 _syl._), daughter of Oe'dipos and Jocas'tê, a noble +maiden, with a truly heroic attachment to her father and brothers. +When Oedipos had blinded himself, and was obliged to quit Thebes, +Antigonê accompanied him, and remained with him till his death, when +she returned to Thebes. Creon, the king, had forbidden any one to bury +Polyni'cês, her brother, who had been slain by his elder brother in +battle; but Antigonê, in defiance of this prohibition, buried the dead +body, and Creon shut her up in a vault under ground, where she killed +herself. Haemon, her lover, killed himself also by her side. Sophoclês +has a Greek tragedy on the subject, and it has been dramatized for the +English stage. + +_The Modern Antigonê_, Mariè Therèse Charlotte duchesse d'Angouleme, +daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette (1778-1851). + +ANTIG'ONUS, a Sicilian lord, commanded by king Leontês to take his +infant daughter to a desert shore and leave her to perish. Antigonus +was driven by a storm to the coast of Bohemia, where he left the +babe; but on his way back to the ship, he was torn to pieces by a +bear.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604). + +_Antig'onus (King)_, an old man with a young man's amorous passions. +He is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of +Alexander the Great.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ +(1647). + +ANTIN'OUS (4 _syl_.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted for +his beauty. + +_Antin'ous_ (4 _syl_.), son of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of Candy, +and brother of An'no-phel, in _The Laws of Candy_ a drama by Beaumont +and Fletcher (1647). + +ANTI'OCHUS, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'iclês +prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.--Shakespeare, +_Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608). + +ANTI'OPE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 _syl_.), for whom +Telem'achus had a _tendresse_. Mentor approved his choice, and assured +Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms +were "the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence, +and her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some +other useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household +affairs, her contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own +beauty," Telemachus says, "She encourages to industry by her example, +sweetens labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of +painters in the elegance of her embroidery."--Fénelon, _Télémaque_, +xxii. (1700). + +He [_Paul_] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope +with the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.--Bernardin de St. +Pierre, _Paul and Virginia_ (1788). + +ANTIPH'OLUS, the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on, a +merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy, +and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to +Syracuse, and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service +of the duke, and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life, +became a great man and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going +in search of his brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders +occurs from the wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their +two servants called Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the +Ephesian is taken up as a madman. It so happened that both brothers +appeared before the duke at the same time; and the extraordinary +likeness being seen by all, the cause of the blunders was evident, +and everything was satisfactorily explained.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of +Errors_ (1593). + +ANTON (_Sir_). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an infant, +to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up as +their own son. This does not correspond with the _History of Prince +Arthur_, which states that he was committed to the care of sir Ector +and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called the +prince's foster-brother. The _History_ furthermore states that Arthur +made sir Key his seneschal _because_ he was his foster-brother. + + So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he + bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy + man christen him, and named him "Arthur." + And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her + own breast.--Part i. 3. + + So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him + rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that + was his nourished brother.--Ditto. + + "Sir," said sir Ector, "I will ask no more of + you but that you will make my son, sir Key, + your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands." + "That shall be done," said Arthur (ch. 4).--Sir + T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470). + +_Anton_, one of Henry Smith's men in _The Fair Maid of Perth_, by sir +W. Scott (time, Henry IV.). + +ANTO'NIO, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola, +when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ +(1614). + +_Anto'nio_, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W. +Scott's _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +_Anto'nio_, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor +of Bologna.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (a comedy, before +1621). + +_Antonio (Don)_, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb; +a testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his +birthright in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends +Angelina to be married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and +elopes with Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth +to Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_. + +_Antonio (Don)_, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of +Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_ +(1778). + +ANTONOMAS'IA _(The princess_), daughter of Archipiela, king of +Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant +Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey, +and her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote +mounted the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the +lady and her husband, and this he effected "simply by making the +attempt."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II iii. 4, 5 (1615). + +ANTONY _(Saint)_ lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in +Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils. + + Old St. Antonius from the hell + Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends + In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque + Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene, + Crowd in broad day before his open eyes. + Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xvi. (1814). + +AN'TONY AND CÆSAR. Macbeth says that "under Banquo his own genius was +rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by Cæsar" (act +iii. sc. 1), and in _Antony and Cleopatra_ this passage is elucidated +thus-- + + Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is + Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable, + Where Cæsar's is not; but near him thy angel + Becomes a fear, as being overpowered. + + Act ii. sc. 3. + +ANVIL (_The Literary_). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the +hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching. + +AODH, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island +south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having +landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in +chains of iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the +"treasures were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which +not only released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the +statue of St. Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death. +After this the "saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together, +and went to Ireland.--Campbell, _Reullura_. + +APE (1 _syl._), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of +_Vanity Fair_. Dr. Johnson says "_to ape_ is to imitate ludicrously;" +whence the adoption of the name. + +APEL'LES AND THE COBBLER. A cobbler found fault with the shoe-latchet +of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the fault. The +cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to criticise the +legs; but Apelles said, _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ ("Let not the +cobbler go beyond his last"). + +Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where +Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art. +"Romance." + +_Apelles_. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea +(hung by Augustus in the temple of Julius Cæsar) was greatly injured +by time, Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus +by Apelles is called "Venus Anadyom'-enê," his model (according to +tradition) being Campaspê (afterwards his wife). + +APEMAN'TUS, a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men +systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when +Timon attacked him with his own weapons.--Shakespeare, _Timon of +Athens_ (1600). + +Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus, +contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.--Sir W. Scott. + +APIC'IUS, an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on the +ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent £800,000 in supplying +the delicacies of the table, and having only £80,000 left, he hanged +himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched +pittance. _Apicia_, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and +sauces, and his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy. + +There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a +cooking book and manual of sauces. + +No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and +Apicius would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight +whole boars for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have +done.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_, i. 1 (1780). + +APOLLO, son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. He +is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom +and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of +poetry, music, etc. + +_The Apollo Belvidere_, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere +gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium, +and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of +Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C. + +_The Apollo of Actium_ was a gigantic statue, which served for a +beacon. + +_The Apollo of Rhodes_, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic +bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Charês, a pupil of Lysippus, and +set up B.C. 300. + +_Animals consecrated to Apollo_, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper, +the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf. + +APOLL'YON, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his +_Pilgrim's Progress_. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a +severe contest, he is foiled (1678). + +APOSTLE _or Patron Saint of_-- + + ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27. + ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829). + ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20. + ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730). + ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331). + CAGLIARI (_Sardinia_), St. Efisio. + CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14. + ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290). + ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27. + FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8. + FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865). + FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9. + FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738). + GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397). + GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25. + GEORGIA, St. Nino. + GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5. + HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9. + HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22. + INDIANS, Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690). + INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3. + INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778). + IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17. + LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826). + LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29. + NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679). + NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583). + +Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve +(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his +missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian. +Scottish Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity +is) Cerês. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain, +St. James the Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father +Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew +Justiniani. St. Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales, +St. David (480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus, +bishop of York (597-644). + +APOSTOLIC FATHERS (_The Five_): Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas, +Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contemporary with the Apostles. + +AP'PETIZER. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks +were admirable appetizers, ate six of them, and then complained "he +was no hungrier than he was before." + +AQUARIUS, SAGITTARIUS. Mrs. Browning says that "Aquarius" is a symbol +of man _bearing_, and "Sagittarius" of man _combatting_. The passive +and active forms of human labor. + + _Eve_. Two phantasms of two men. + _Adam_. One that sustains, + And one that strives, so the ends + Of manhood's curse of labor. + +E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1851). + +A'QUILANT, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in Charlemagne's +army. He was called "_black_," and his brother Gryphon "_white_" from +the color of their armor.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +A'QUILINE (3 _syl_.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the +wind.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, vii. (1575). + +(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with +open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth +prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the +wondrous offspring."--See also Virgil, _Georgics_, in. 266-283.) + +AQUIN'IAN SAGE. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num, +in Latium (fl. A.D. 100). + +ARABEL'LA, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel +Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she +confers both with right good will on captain Manly.--T. Knight, _The +Honest Thieves_. + +ARA'BIA FE'LIX ("_Araby the blest_"). This name is a blunder made by +British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India +bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia. + +ARA'BIAN BIRD (_The_), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one _sui +generis_. + + O Antony! O thou Arabian bird! + +Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act iii. sc. 2. + +ARACH'NE (3 _syl_.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachnê's labors," spinning +or weaving. Arachnê was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to +compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a +spider. + + No orifice for a point + As subtle as Arachnê's broken woof + To enter. + +Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act v. sc. 2 (1602). + +ARAGNOL, the son of Arachnê (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen," +turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to a contest +in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against +prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a curious +net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound +by piercing him under the left wing.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or The +Butterfly's Fate_ (1590). + +ARAMIN'TA, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of +Gripe the scrivener).--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695). + +ARANZA (_The duke of_). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of +Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after +the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and +pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives +his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but +firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke +sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and +reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of +Aranza.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804). + +AR'APHIL or AR'APHILL, the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. His +lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara. + +ARAS'PES (3 _syl_.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian +armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ARBA'CES (3 _syl_.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called _A King or +no King_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619). + +ARBATE (2 _syl_.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Molière's +comedy _La Princesse d'Elide_ (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince +of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis +XIV., then 26 years of age. + + Je dirai que l'amour sied bien à vos pareil ... + Et qu'il est malaisé que, sans etre amoureux + Un jeune prince soit et grand et généreux. + + Act i. 1. + +_Arbate_, in Racine's drama of _Mithridate_ (1673). + +AR'BITER EL'IGANTIÆ. C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief +of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was +considered _comme il faut_ till it had received the sanction of this +Roman _beau Brummel_. + + Behold the new Petronius of the day, + The arbiter of pleasure and of play. + + Byron, _English Bards and Scottish Reviewers_. + +ARBRE SOL foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of +Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of +Alexander. + +ARBUTUS, sturdy yeoman usually known as "Bute," in Bayard Taylor's +novel _Hannah Thurston._ Rugged and sound as the New England granite +underlying the farm he tills. + +ARC _(Joan of)_, or _Jeanne la Pucelle_, the "Maid of Orleans," +daughter of a rustic of Domrémy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was +servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France +from the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was +sent by him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in +so doing. Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an +elegy on her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire +a burlesque. + +In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepière, in his _Doute +Historique_, denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at +Rouen; and Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract +of marriage between" Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc, +surnamed "The Maid of Orleans." + +AR'CADES AMBO, both fools alike; both "sweet innocents;" both alike +eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis +(Virgil's _Eclogue_, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application +of the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of +their youth," and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for +song or capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least +intellectual part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce, +and hence "Arcades ambo" received its present acceptation. + +ARCALA'US (4 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a +pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his +horse's bridle.--_Amadis de Gaul_ (fifteenth century). + +ARCA'NES (3 _syl_.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) +general of Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647). + +ARCHAN'GEL. Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the +archangel that did battle with the devil." + +ARCHAS, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and general +of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore. + +_Young Archas_, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes +the name of Alinda.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ +(1618). + +ARCHBSH'OP OF GRANA'DA told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired +him, + +"Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius +flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own +judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy, +Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace +that "his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former +ones." To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make +proper distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better +homily than that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to +give you 100 ducats. Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of +prosperity, with a little more taste."--Le-sage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 3 +(1715). + +AR'CHER (_Francis_), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in +fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell +marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the +deeds and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman, +who takes his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.--George +Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707). + +ARCHIBALD (_John_), attendant on the duke of Argyle.--Sir W. Scott, +_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +ARCHIMA'GO, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father of +lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, he +deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight +himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's +_Faëry Queen._ The poet says: + + ... he could take + As many forms and shapes in seeming wise + As ever Proteus to himself could make: + Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake, + Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell. + +Spenser, _The Faëry Queen_, I. ii. 10 (1590). + +ARCHIMEDES, Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other great +scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an +abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he +leaped out of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting, +"_Eureka!_" + +AR'CHY M'SAR'CASM _(Sir)_, "a proud Caledonian knight, whose tongue, +like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His insolence +of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of every +one" (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, "In the house of M'Sarcasm are +two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two dukes, +besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning" (i. 1). He makes love +to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has lost +her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters "frae +the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ... +expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi' +onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house" (ii. 1). + +The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His +abominable Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff, +the roll of his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman +laugh, his tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether--why, one +might take him for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.--C. Macklin, +_Love à-la-mode_, i. 1 (1779). + +_Sir Archy's Great-grandmother._ Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on +fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The +Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an ootcast, +a mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus +O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with +his own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause +of the contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, "Madam, it is +about sir Archy's great-grandmother."--C. Macklin, _Love à-la-mode_, +i. I (1779). + +We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's +great-grandmother.--Maepherson, _Dissertation upon Ossian_. + +ARCHY'TAS of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and +Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from +Koenigsberg to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned +whence it set out (1436-1476). + +This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which +Archytas made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.--Dr. +John Wilkins (1614-1672). + +AR'CITE (2 _syl_.) AND PAL'AMON, two Theban knights, captives of +duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's +sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell +in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended +for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being +thrown from his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of +Palamon.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Knight's Tale," 1388). + +Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled _Palamon and +Arcite_. + +AR'DEN _(Enoch)_, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a +seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence +of several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her +both happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic +peace, so leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart. + +AR'DEN OF FEV'ERSLIAM, a noble character, honorable, forgiving, +affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him +her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she +will never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise +when she plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned +street-scuffle, Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws +him off his guard. Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to +his house, but Mosby conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his +host during a game of draughts, the right moment being signified by +Mosby's saying, "Now I take you." Arden is murdered; but the whole +gang is apprehended and brought to justice. + +(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig +Tieck has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of +Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb +gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is +unknown.) + +AREOUS'KI, the Indian war-god, war, tumult. + +A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, i, +16 (1809). + +ARETHU'SA, daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called +_Philaster_ or _Love Lies a-bleeding_, by Beaumont and Fletcher +(1638). + +_Arethusa_, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into +a fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued +her, and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, "like friends +once parted grown single-hearted," they leap and flow and slumber +together, "like spirits that love but live no more." + +[Illustration] This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by +Percy B. Shelley (_Arethusa_, 1820). + +ARGALI'A, brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +AR'GAN, the _malade imaginaire_ and father of Angelique. He is +introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he +cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices +that he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is +not so well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a +young doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that +Argan himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies +he has not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is +overruled by investing the "malade" in a doctor's cap and robe. The +piece concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin. + +[Illustration] When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he +ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, "Six, huit, dix, etc., +par les nombres pairs, comme dans les médicaments par les nombres +impairs."--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_, ii. 9 (1673). + +ARGAN'TE (3 _syl_.), a giantess called "the very monster and miracle +of lust." She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were the +children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argantè used to carry off young +men as her captives, and seized "the Squire of Dames" as one of +her victims. The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of +chastity), was delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 _syl_.).--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, iii. 7 (1590). + +_Argante_' (2 _syl_.), father of Octave (2 _syl_.) and Zerbinette (3 +_syl_.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2 +_syl_.), the son of his friend Géronte (2 _syl_.); but during his +absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their +respective fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the +engagement, but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that +the choice of the young people has unknowingly coincided with their +own.--Molière, _Les Fourteries de Scapin_ (1671). + +(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called +it _The Cheats of Scapin_. "Argante" he calls _Thrifty_; "Géronte" is +_Gripe_; "Zerbinette" he calls _Lucia_; and "Leandre" he Anglicizes +into _Leander_.) + +ARGAN'TES (3 _syl_.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted courage, +but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argantês and Solyman +were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. Argantês +was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.--Tasso, _Jerusalem +Delivered_ (1575). + +Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantês of Italy's +heroic poet.--Sir Walter Scott. + +AR'GENIS, a political romance by Barclay (1621). + +AR'GENTILE (3 _syl_.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of Edel. +Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in her +house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. Edel, +the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to flight, +and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed and won +her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and +Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to +death.--William Warner, _Albion's England_ (1586). + +AR'GENTIN _(Le sieur d_'), one of the officers of the duke of +Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geiersiein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +ARGE'O, baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See _Dictionary of +Phrase and Fable_.)--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ARGES'TES (3 _syl_.), the west wind. + + Wingèd Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne, + Licensed that day to leave his dungeon, + Meekly attended. + +Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613). + +_Arges'tes_ (3 _syl_.), the north-east wind; Cæ'cias, the north-west; +Bo'reas, the full north. + + Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud + ... rend the woods, and seas upturn. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665). + +AR'GILLAN, a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the +Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his +escape, but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.--Tasso, +_Jerusalem Delivered_, viii. ix. (1575). + +ARGON AND RURO, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an island +of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the island, and +asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the request, and +overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he shot +both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the hall, +howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound, +found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo +had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in +fight, and restored the daughter to her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of +Inis-thona"). + +ARGONAUTS, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of the +golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their leader. + +_Argonauts (The)_. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought +gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme +of tales and ballads of the "Forty-niners." + +AR'GUS, the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871. + +ARGYLE _(Mac Callum More, duke of_), in the reign of George I.--Sir W. +Scott, _Rob Roy_ (1818). + +_Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle_, in the reign of Charles I., +was commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called "Gillespie +Grumach;" he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch +Campbell.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (1819). + +(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the _Heart of +Midlothian_, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.) + +ARIAD'NE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave Theseus +a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. Theseus +married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos _(Dia)_ forsook +her, and she hung herself. + +Surely it is an Ariadnê.... There is dawning womanhood in every line; +but she knows nothing of Naxos.--Ouidà, _Ariadnê_, i. 1. + +AR'IBERT, king of the Lombards (653-661), left "no male pledge +behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke +Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter +of As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not +known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668). + +ARIDEUS _[A.ree'.de.us]_, a herald in the Christian army.--Tasso, +_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +A'RIEL, in _The Tempest_, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape, +or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax, +mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment +for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve +years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture +him with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of +Miranda, liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit +served the duke for sixteen years, when he was set free. + + And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree, + For its freedom groans and sighs. + +Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_. + +_A'riel_, the sylph in Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. The impersonation +of "fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and +necklaces. When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over +the fumes of the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with +pomatums, or wedged in the eyes of bodkins. + +_A'riel_, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God." +Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, +vi. 371 (1665). + +ARIELLA, an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his wife, +in _Come Forth_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. Her +name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for +nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891). + +ARIMAN'ES (4 _syl_.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced by +Byron in his drama called _Manfred_. The Persians recognized a power +of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman +(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at +war with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and +enclosed them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanês; but +Arimanês pierced the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good. +However, a time will come when Arimanês shall be subjected, and the +earth will become a perfect paradise. + +ARIMAS'PIANS, a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair +with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were +perpetual contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See +GRYPHON.) + + Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte + media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse + circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere, + quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis + aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus, + et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime + illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.--Pliny, + _Nat. Hist._ vii. 2. + +AR'IOCH ("_a fierce lion_"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by +Abdiel.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, vi. 371 (1665). + +ARIODAN'TES (5 _syl_.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess. +Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantês stood forth her +champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.--Ariosto, +_Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +ARI'ON. William Falconer, author of _The Shipwreck_, speaks of himself +under this _nom de plume_ (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a lad, +and says he was eager to investigate the "antiquities of foreign +states." He was junior officer in the _Britannia_, which was wrecked +against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point +of Attica, and was the only officer who survived. + + Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale + O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail. + Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799). + +_Ari'on_, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his +wealth, threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tæ'naros on the +back of a dolphin. + +_Ari'on_, the wonderful horse which Herculês gave to Adrastos. It had +the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet +of a man. + +(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_ is called "Arion.") + +ARIO'STO OF THE NORTH, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). + + And, like the Ariosto of the North, + Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth. + +Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 40. + +ARISTÆ'US, protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He +instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his +mother Cyrenê. + + In such a palace Aristæus found + Cyrenê, when he bore the plaintive tale + Of his lost bees to her maternal ear. + Cowper, _The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia_. + +ARISTAR'CHUS, any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the greatest +critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the _Iliad_ +and _Odyssey_ of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books each, +marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he considered +especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died aged 72.) + +The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There, +sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at +pleasure.--Samuel Foote, _The Liar_, i. 1. + +"How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [_the homily_] met +with any Aristarchus [_severe critic_]?"--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 4 +(1715). + +ARISTE (2 _syl_.), brother of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), not a _savant_, +but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly +niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 _syl_.) and her +daughter Armande (2 _syl_.), who _femmes savantes_.--Molière, _Les +Femmes Savantes_ (1672). + +ARISTE'AS, a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately +for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the +earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.--_Greek +Legend_. + +ARISTI'DES (_The British_), Andrew Marvell, an influential member of +the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every +offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord +treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristidês, at +the public expense (1620-1678). + +ARISTIP'POS, a Greek philosopher of Cyre'nê, who studied under +Soc'ratês, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called +"he'donism" (_[Greek: aedonae]_ "pleasure"). + +[Illustration] C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called +_Aristippus_, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this +Cyrenian (1733-1813). + +An axiom of Aristippos was _Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, +et res_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was _Mihi +res, non me rebus subjungere_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. I, 18). + +I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to +company and solitude, to affluence and frugality.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, +v. 12 (1715). + +ARISTOBU'LUS, called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (_Rom._ xvi. 10), and +said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of +salvation." He was murdered by the Britons. + + The first that ever told Christ crucified to us, + By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ... + By the Britons murdered was. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +ARISTOM'ENES (5 _syl_.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the +"Cid" of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night +to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were +inscribed these words: "Aristomenês from the Spartan spoils dedicates +this to the goddess." + +[Illustration] A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar, +when serving under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With +fifteen companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors, +and nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a +tablet inscribed "Ave Maria!" then galloped back, before the guards +recovered from their amazement.--Washington Irving, _Conquest of +Granada_, 91. + +ARISTOPH'ANES (5 _syl_.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies, +eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is +called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menander "The Prince of New +Comedy" (B.C. 342-291). + +_The English_ or _Modern Aristophanes_, Samuel Foote (1722-1777). + +_The French Aristophanes_, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Molière +(1622-1673). + +ARISTOTLE. The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato, +Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium. + +_Aristotle of China_, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince +of Science." + +_Aristotle of Christianity_, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the +doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulæ (1224-1274). + +_Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century_, George Cuvier, the naturalist +(1769-1832). + +AR'ISTOTLE IN LOVE. Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that +Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to +listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being +readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then, +putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him +about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was +quite cured of his foolish attachment.--Stephen Hawes, _The Pastime of +Plesure_, xxix. (1555). + +ARMADALE (_Allan_), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and +ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first +to Miss Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her +governess, again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.--Wilkie +Collins, _Armadale_. + +ARMADO (_Don Adriano de_), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called "a +refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had +a mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain +tongue did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of +Navarre, when he resolved to spend three years in study with three +companions, to relate in the interim of his studies "in high-born +words the worth of many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's +debate." + +His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his +eye ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain, +ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his +verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.--Shakespeare, _Love's +Labor's Lost_, act v. sc. 1 (1594). + +ARMANDE (2 _syl_.), daughter of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), and sister of +Henriette. Armande is a _femme savante_, and Henriette a "thorough +woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while +Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the +younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries +her.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672). + +ARMI'DA, a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from +the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid +palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual +joys. Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from +Armida; but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back +again, sets fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight, +and is slain. + + [Julia's] small hand + Withdrew itself from his, but left behind + A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand + Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art, + Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart. + Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 71. + +When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in +military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the +latter wittily said, "She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to +her own palace." + +(Both Glück and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject +of an opera.) + +_Armida's Girdle_. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, "in price +and beauty," surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of +Venus was less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be +loved, she wore the same."--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ARM'STRONG (_John_), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of +Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley +of Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the +English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Laird's Jock_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Armstrong (Grace)_, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the +heugh-foot, a young farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, +Anne). + +_Armstrong (Archie)_, court jester to James I., introduced in _The +Fortunes of Nigel_, by Sir Walter Scott (1822). + +AR'NAUT, an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man." + +Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, _The Giaour_, 526. + +ARNHEIM (2 _syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein's +grandfather. + +_Sibilla of Arnheim_, Anne's mother. + +_The baroness of Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of +Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +ARNOLD, the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness. +Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger +accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes +best. He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he +joins the besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters +St. Peter's of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud +beauty, to prevent being taken captive by him, flings herself from the +high altar on the pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As +the drama was never completed, the sequel is not known.--Byron, _The +Deformed Transformed_. + +_Ar'nold_, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ +(time, Richard I.). + +_Ar'nold_ of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called +"Ginks."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar's Bush_ (1622). + +ARNOLD BRINKWORTH, frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and +betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who +has betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he +is the bearer of a message to her from _Geoffrey Delamayne_, and +is mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself +married by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.--Wilkie +Collins, _Man and Wife_. + +ARNOL'DO, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of +Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 _syl._), sister of +Gessler, the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of +Gessler drove the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents, +but after the death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had +saved when it was imperilled by an avalanche.--Rossini, _Guglielmo +Tell_ (1829). + +_Arnol'do_, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady, +dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647). + +AR'NOLPHE (2 _syl._), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the +proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on +Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to +make his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in +a country convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of +society are wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes +treats men like school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them, +and plays with them. Being told by her guardian that married women +have more freedom than maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a +young man named Horace falls in love with her, and makes her his +wife, so Arnolphe, after all, profits nothing by his pains.--Molière, +_L'École des Femmes_ (1662). + + Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique + Je le fis élever selon ma politique + C'est-à-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit + Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit. + Act i. I. + +AR'NOT (_Andrew_), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic +Lesly].--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +ARON'TEUS (4 _syl._), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian +armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ARPA'SIA, the betrothed of Mone'sês, a Greek, but made by constraint +the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded Monesês +to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her into +subjection, but she died at the sight.--N. Eowe, _Tamerlane_ (1702). + +AR'ROT, the weasel in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). + +ARROW-HEAD, Indian warrior in Cooper's _Pathfinder_, the husband of +Dew-in-June (1840). + +ARROW-MAKER, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's _Hiawatha_ (1855). + +AR'SACES (3 _syl._), the patronymic name of the Persian kings, +from Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some +distinctive name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name +of Cæsar to their own. + + Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt + ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine + nuncupent.--Justin, _Historiarae Philippicae_, xli. + +ARSE'TES (3 _syl._), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and +attended on her.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ARSINOË, prude in Molière's comedy _Le Misanthrope_. + +AR'TAMENES (3 _syl_.) or LE GRAND CYRUS, a "long-winded romance," by +Mdlle. Scudéri (1607-1701). + +ARTAXAM'INOUS, king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he wishes +to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to general +Bombastês, and when the general finds that his "fond one" prefers +"half a crown" to himself, he hates all the world, and challenges the +whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and daring any one +to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the challenge, +and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastês falls on his majesty, and +"kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, at the close +of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the audience +likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_. + +AR'TEGAL OR ARTHEGAL (_Sir_), son of Gorloïs prince of Cornwall, +stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland. +Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with +him. She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from +whom (through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The +wanderings of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation +of chastity, is the subject of bk. iii. of the _Faëry Queen_; and the +achievements of sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the +subject of bk. v. + +Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living +woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment +respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to +destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third +was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3). +He had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea +belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of +the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen +of the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who +killed Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the +deliverance of Ire'na _(Ireland)_ from Grantorto _(rebellion)_, whom +he slew (canto 12). + +N.B.--This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580. +Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards. + +[Illustration] "Sir Artegal" is meant for lord Gray of Wilton, +Spenser's friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant, +and the poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart +means that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or +perfect integrity of conduct.--Spenser's _Faëry Queen_, v. (1596). + +ARTEMIS'IA, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five +ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly +distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and +courage. (This is _not_ the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.) + + Our statues ... she + The foundress of the Babylonian wall _[Semirfa-mis]_; + The Carian Artemisia strong in war. + + Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii. + +_Artemis'ia_, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus. +Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal +husband raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which +was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four +different architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leocharês, and Bruxis. + + + This made the four rare masters which began + Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb + (When death took her before the work was done, + And so bereft them of all hopes to come), + That they would yet their own work perfect make + E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake. + + +Lord Brooke, _An Inquiry upon Fame, etc_. (1554-1628). + +ARTEMUS WARD, travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures and +sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the history +of American dialect literature (1862). + +ARTFUL DODGER, the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up +to every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.--Dickens, +_Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +ARTHGALLO, a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his +predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was +swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother +El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.--Geoffrey, _British +History_, iii. 17 (1142). + +ARTHUR (_King_), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, and +his mother Ygernê (3 _syl_.), widow of Gorloïs duke of Cornwall. But +Ygernê had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke +was dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not +consummated till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born +Merlin took him, and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector +(Tennyson says "sir Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce +him as the lawful successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived +two years after his marriage with Ygernê.--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 6 (1470). + + Wherefore Merlin took the child + And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight + And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife + Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own. + Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_. + +_Coming of Arthur_. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl._), +appealed to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers +and wild beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to +Leodogran, to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To +this Leodogran, after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot +was sent to escort the lady to Arthur's court. + +_Arthur not dead_. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but +rests in Glastonbury, "till he shall come again full twice as fair, to +rule over his people." (See BARBAROSSA.) + +According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a +raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again +in his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this +reason there is never a raven killed in England.--Cervantes, _Don +Quixote_, I ii. 5 (1605). + +_Arthur's Twelve Battles_ (or victories over the Saxons). I. The +battle of the river Glem (_i.e._ the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5. +The four battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the +Ribble). 6. The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which +joins the Ribble near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to +be Tweeddale. 8. The battle of Castle Gwenion (_i.e._ Caer Wen, in +Wedale, Stow). 9. The battle of Caerleon, _i.e._ Carlisle; which +Tennyson makes to be Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath +Treroit, in Anglesey, some say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of +Agned Cathregonion (_i.e._ Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill +(_i.e._ the Hill of Bath, now Bannerdown). + +Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he +[_Arthur_] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. +(1612). + +_Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies_. Three were Gentiles: Hector, +Alexander, and Julius Cæsar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas +Maccabæus; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of +Bouillon. + +_Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother_, sir Ector and his lady. Their +son, sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.--Sir +T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 8 (1470). + +N.B.--Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur. + +_Arthur's Butler_, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir +Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of +the service."--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 8 (1470). + +_Arthur's Sisters_ [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king +Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the +"great clark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of +Corê, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same +mother (Ygraine or Ygernê) as the king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 2. + +_Arthur's Sons_--Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors, +daughter of the earl Sanam.--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15. +Mordred was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some +of the romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of +Morgause and Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot, +and sister of Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of +Mordred's hatred of Arthur.--Pt. i. 17, 36, etc. + +_Arthur's Drinking-Horn_. No one could drink from this horn who was +either unchaste or unfaithful.--_Lai du Corn_ and _Morte d'Arthur_. +(See CHASTITY.) + +_Arthur's Shield_, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was +adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.--_British History_, ix. 4 +(1142). + +_Arthur's Spear_, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of +ebony.--_British History_, ix. 4 (1142). + + His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten. + Layamon. _Brut_, (twelfth century). + +_Arthur's Sword_, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it +Caliburn, and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.--_British +History_, ix. 4 (1142). + + The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour, + The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble + spear, + With Pridwin, his great shield. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612). + +_Arthur's Round Table_. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were +reserved, two for honor, and one (called the "siege perilous") for sir +Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one +else attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty. + +[Illustration] There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry +VIII. showed it to François I. as the very table made by Merlin for +Uther the pendragon. + + And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester + prefers, + Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be + hers. + +M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612). + +_Arthur_ (_King_), in the burlesque opera of + +_Tom Thumb_, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his +daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was +produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of _Midas_, +about half a century later. + +ARTHURIAN ROMANCES. + +_King Arthur and the Round Table_, a romance in verse (1096). + +_The Holy Graal_ (in verse, 1100). + +_Titurel_, or _The Guardian of the Holy Graal_, by Wolfram von +Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for +the holy graal. + +_The Romance of Parzival_, prince of the race of the kings of +Graalburg. By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written +about 1205) was partly founded upon a French poem by Chrétien de +Troyes, _Parceval le Gallois_ (1170). + +_Launcelot of the Lake_, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with +William Rufus. + +_Wigalois_, or _The Knight of the Wheel_, by Wirnd of Graffenberg. +This adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his +father, a knight of the Round Table. + +_I'wain_, or _The Knight of the Lion_, and _Ereck_, by Hartmann von +der Aue (thirteenth century). + +_Tristan and Yseult_ (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg +(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose +romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by +Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the _Romance of +Tristram_. + +_Merlyn Ambroise_, by Robert de Borron. + +_Roman des diverses Quétes de St. Graal_, by Walter Mapes (prose). + +_La Morte d'Arthur_, by Walter Mapes. + +_A Life of Joseph of Arimathea_, by Robert de Borron. + +_The Idylls of the King_, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing "The +Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "Geraint and Enid," "Merlin +and Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Graal," "Peleas and +Ettarre" (2 _syl._), "The Last Tournament," "Guinevere" (3 _syl._) +and "The Passing of Arthur," which is the "Morte d'Arthur" with an +introduction added to it. + +(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into +English by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the +early history of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and +Linet; part ii. contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii. +the adventures of sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his +knights. Sir Frederick Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the +same series of legends.) + +[Illustration] _Sources of the Arthurian Romances_. The prose series +of romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary +chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as _De Excidio +Britanniae_ of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century). +3. The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter, +archdeacon of Oxford. 4. The _Chronicon sive Historia Britonum_ of +Geoffrey of Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and +romances. (See CHARLEMAGNE.) + +AR'THURET _(Miss Seraphina_ the papist and _Miss Angelica_), two +sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called _Redgauntlet_ (time, George +III.). + +ARTHUR KAVANAGH, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed +"with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John," who writes on his +study-door Dante's injunction-- + +Think that To-day will never dawn again. _Kavanagh. A Tale_, by H.W. +Longfellow (1872). + +ARTHUR LIVINGSTON, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in love, +at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of _Kismet_ +by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877). + +ARTHUR RIPLEY, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case +that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry +Harland) novel, _Mrs. Peixada_ (1886). + +AR'TURO (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra "the +puritan," daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the +wedding, Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles +I._) in her escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival, +temporarily loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the +circumstances, and they vow never more to part. At this juncture +Arturo is arrested for treason, and led away to execution; but a +herald announces the defeat of the Stuarts, and free pardon of all +political offenders, whereupon Arturo is released, and marries "the +fair puritan."--Bellini's opera, _I Puritani_ (1834). + +_Ar'turo_ [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera +of _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See HAYSTON.) + +AR'VALAN, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for attempting +to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 _syl._). After this, his spirit +became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness and +chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to +the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the +witch Lor'rimite (3 _syl._) to carry her off; but when the dragons +came in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went +perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of +perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of +Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden +waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from +the submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue. + + "Help, help, Kehama! help!" he cried. + But Baly tarried not to abide + That mightier power. With irresistible feet + He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide, + And gave him way to his own judgment-seat. + Down like a plummet to the world below + He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe. + + Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvii. 12 (1809). + +ARVI'DA (_Prince_), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida and +Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king +of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but +when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the +nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to +betray his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the +love of Christina.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730). + +ARVIR'AGUS, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her love, +but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit till +the rocks that beset the coast were removed, "and there n'is no stone +y-seen." By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the +coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should +keep her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that +she had come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would +rather die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer, +_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388). + +(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and +Gilberto_, day x. 5. See DIANORA.) + +_Arvir'agus_, younger son of Cym'beline (3 _syl._) king of Britain, +and brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped +by Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were +brought up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood, +Belarius, having rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to +favor. He then introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told +their story, upon which the king was rejoiced to find that his two +sons whom he thought dead were both living.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ +(1605). + +ARYAN LANGUAGES (_The_)-- + + 1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee. + 2. Zend, whence Persian. + 3. Greek, whence Romaic. + 4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian + (_Romance_). + 5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic. + 6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian. + 7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian. + +AS YOU LIKE IT, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes, +being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain +followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy +life, chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one +daughter, named Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the +companion of his own daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very +fond of each other. At a wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with +Orlando, who threw his antagonist, a giant and professional athlete. +The usurping duke (Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her +cousin Celia resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's +clothes (under the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden +(under the name of Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando +being driven from home by his elder brother, also went to the forest +of Arden, and was taken under the duke's protection. Here he met +the ladies, and a double marriage was the result--Orlando married +Rosalind, and his elder brother Oliver married Celia. The usurper +retired to a religious house, and the deposed duke was restored to his +dominions.--(1598.) + +ASAPH. So Tate calls Dryden in _Absalom and Achitophel_. + + While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast, + The song of Asaph and his fame shall last. + + Part ii. + +_Asaph (St.)_ a British [_i.e. Welsh_] monk of the sixth century, +abbot of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of +him. + + So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be: + As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +ASCAL'APHOS, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling and +trying to make mischief.--_Greek Fable_. + +ASCA'NIO, son of don Henrique (2 _syl._), in the comedy called _The +Spanish Curate_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622). + +AS'CAPART or AS'CUPART, an enormous giant, thirty feet high, who +carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his +steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his +slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city +gates of Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612). + +He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would +have enabled him to enact "Colbrand," "Ascapart," or any other giant +of romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the +altitude of a chopin.--Sir W. Scott. + + Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw + Charing Cross for a bar. + + Dr. Donne (1573-1631). + +Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)-- + + Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss + For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross. + +ASCRÆ'AN SAGE, or _Ascræan poet_, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in +Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him "The Old Ascræan." + + Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musæ + Ascræo quos ante seni. + + _Ecl._ vii. 70. + +AS'EBIE (3 _syl_.), Irreligion personified in _The Purple Island_ +(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros +(_idolatry_), Phar'makeus (3 _syl_.) (_witchcraft_), Hæret'icus, +and Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, _asebeia_, +"impiety.") + +ASEL'GES (3 _syl_.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four +sons of Anag'nus (_inchastity_), his three brothers being Mæchus +(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), and Acath'arus. Seeing +his brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (_maidenly +chastity_), Aselgês rushes forward to avenge his death, but the +martial maid caught him with her spear, and tossed him so high i' +the air "that he hardly knew whither his course was bent." (Greek, +_aselgês_, "intemperate, wanton.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple +Island_, xi. (1633). + +AS'EN, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to +the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the +Scandinavian deities generally. + +ASHBURTON (_Mary_), heroine of _Hyperion_, by H.W. Longfellow (1839). + +ASH'FIELD (_Farmer_), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted, +noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his +daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is +"Behave pratty," and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter +Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy. + +_Dame Ashfield_, the farmer's wife, whose _bête noire_ is a +neighboring farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what +Mrs. Grundy will think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel +too. + +_Susan Ashfield_, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.--Thom. Morton, +_Speed the Plough_ (1764-1838). + +ASH'FORD (_Isaac_), "a wise, good man, contented to be poor."--Crabbe, +_Parish Register_ (1807). + +ASHPENAZ, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the +Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to +be at once feared and despised.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by +Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890). + +ASH'TAROTH, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See ASTORETH.) + + [_They_] had general names + Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male, + These feminine. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665). + +ASH'TON (_Sir William_), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of +Lucy Ashton. + +_Lady Eleanor Ashton_, wife of sir William. + +_Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton_, eldest son of sir William. + +_Lucy Ashton_, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master +of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of +Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes +insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride +of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called +_Lucia di Lammermoor_, 1835.) + +ASIA, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the +daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses; +but she was taken alive into paradise.--Sale, _Al Korân_, xx., note, +and Ixvi., note. + +Mahomet says, "Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of +Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife; +and Fatima, his own daughter." + +AS'IR, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology--Odin, Thor, +Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and +Forseti. + +Sometimes the goddesses--Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked +among the Asir also. + +AS'MADAI (3 _syl.)_ the same as As-mode'us _(4 syl.)_ the lustful and +destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands _(Tobit_ iii. +8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by Uriel +and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means "the _destroyer_."--_Paradise +Lost_, vi 365 (1665). + +ASMODE'US _(4 syl.)_, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the +Talmud "king of the devils." As "dress" is one of the bitterest evils +of modern life, it is termed "the Asmodeus of domestic peace," a +phrase employed to express any "skeleton" in the house of a private +family. + +In the book of _Tobit_ Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of +Rag'uël, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on +his bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven +into Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on +perfumed ashes. + +(Milton throws the accent on the third syl., Tennyson on the second.) + + Better pleased + Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 168. + + Abaddon and Asmodëus caught at me. + +Tennyson, _St. Simeon Stylitês_. + +_Asmode'us_, a "diable bon-homme," with more gaiety than malice; not +the least like Mephistophelês. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom +he carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where +they see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen. +Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness, +and playful malice, we never forget the fiend.--Le Sage, _Le Diable +Boiteux_. + +(Such was the popularity of the _Diable Boiteux_, that two young men +fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an +incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.) + +Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as +Asmodeus would present could he remove the roof of many an English +home.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance." + +ASO'TUS, Prodigality personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by +Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _asotos_, "a +profligate.") + +ASPA'TIA, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness. +She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's +request, marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). "Women point with scorn at the +forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of +her speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event +which gives name to the drama."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's +Tragedy_ (1610). + +AS'PRAMONTE (3 _syl_.), in Sir W. Scott's _Count Robert of Paris_ +(time, Rufus). + + _The old knight_, father of _Brenhilda_. + _The lady of Aspramonte_, the knight's wife. + _Brenhilda of Aspramonte_, their daughter, wife of count Robert. + +AS'RAEL or AZ'RAEL, an angel of death. He is immeasurable in height, +insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days' +journey.--_Mohammedan Mythology_. + +AS'SAD, son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 _syl_.), and +half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the +two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the +young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of +gross designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to +put them both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out +of the city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom +(the island of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went +to a city in sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an +old fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a +dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the "mountain +of fire." The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of +queen Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured +was carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old +man's daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long +Assad married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married +Bostana.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad"). + +ASTAG'ORAS, a female fiend, who has the power of raising +storms.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ASTAR'TE (3 _syl_.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of the +Syrians. + + With these + Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called + Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665). + +_As'tarte_ (2 _syl_.), an attendant on the princess Anna +Comne'na.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Eufus). + +_Astarte_ a woman, beloved by Manfred.--Byron, _Manfred_. + +We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,--guilty, lost, +murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to +earth, speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale +with mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and +innocence, but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of +a ghost, with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death, +judgment, and eternity.--Professor Wilson. + + The lady Astarte his? Hush! who + comes here? (iii. 4.) + ...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.) + +AS'TERY, a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and most +active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs, +bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus, +in a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the +flowers into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings +of many gay colors.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate_ +(1590). + +ASTOL'PHO, the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He was +a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly +handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a +whale; and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle +tree, but Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the +infernal regions; he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his +madness by bringing back his lost wits in a phial.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +AS'TON _(Sir Jacob)_, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of +the partisans of the late king.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (period, +Commonwealth). + +_As'ton (Enrico)._ So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of +_Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See ASHTON.) + +AS'TORAX, king of Paphos and brother of the princess Calis.--Beaumont +and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (before 1618). + +AS'TORETH, the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by Jeremiah, +"The Queen of Heaven," and by the Phoenicians, "Astar'tê." + + With these [_the host of heaven_] in troop + Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called + Astartê, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. + + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665). + +(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and +Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the "moonèd Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and +mother.") + +AS'TRAGON, the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert and +his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight +stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and +museum. One room was called "Great Nature's Office," another "Nature's +Nursery," and the library was called "The Monument of Vanished Mind." +Astragon (the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in +navigation. He had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and +to whom she was promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the +sequel is not known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668). + +ASTRE'A _(Mrs. Alphra Behn_), an authoress. She published the story of +_Prince Oroonoka_ (died 1689). + +The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope. + +ASTRINGER, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in _All's +Well that Ends Well_, act v. sc. 1. (From the French _austour_, +Latin _austercus_, "a goshawk.") A "gentle astringer" is a gentleman +falconer. + +We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk] +an austringer.--Cowell, _Law Dictionary_. + +AS'TRO-FIAMMAN'TE (5 _syl_.), queen of the night. The word means +"flaming star."--Mozart, _Die Zauberflöte_ (1791). + +ASTRONOMER (_The_), in _Rasselas_, an old enthusiast, who believed +himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves +Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the +constituted order. + +"I have possessed," said he to Imlac, "for five years the regulation +of the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has +listened to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my +direction; the clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the +Nile has overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the +Dog-star, and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ... +have hitherto refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings +to whom this trust has been imparted."--Dr. Johnson, _Rasselas_, +xli.--xliii. (1759). + +AS'TROPHEL (_Sir Philip Sidney_). "Phil. Sid." may be a contraction +of _philos sidus_, and the Latin _sidus_ being changed to the Greek +_astron_, we get _astron philos_ ("star-lover"). The "star" he loved +was Penelopê Devereux, whom he calls _Stella_ ("star"), and to whom he +was betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called _Astrophel_, to the memory +of Sir Philip Sidney. + + But while as Astrophel did live and reign, + Amongst all swains was none his paragon. + + Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591). + +ASTYN'OME (4 _syl_.) or CHRYSEÏS, daughter of Chrysês priest of +Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynomê fell to the share of +Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her. +Agamemnon refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of +his patron god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This +was the cause of contention between Agamemnon and Achillês, and forms +the subject of Homer's epic called _The Iliad_. + +AS'WAD, son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel of +death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy +to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it +might serve its master on the day of resurrection.--Southey, _Thalaba +the Destroyer_ (1797). + +ATABA'LIPA, the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the Spanish +general. Milton refers to him in _Paradise Lost_, xi. 409 (1665). + +AT'ALA, the name of a novel by François Auguste Chateaubriand. Atala, +the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an oath +of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a young +Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to break +her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm (1801). + +(This has nothing to do with _Attila_, king of the Huns, nor with +_Atlialie_ (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.) + +ATALANTA, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave out +that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running; +but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his +life. Hippom'enês won the race by throwing down golden apples, which +Atalanta kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for +one of his tales in _Earthly Paradise_ (March). + +In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, +_Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio," 1682). + +_Atalanta_, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem +after Æschylus _Atalanta in Calydon_ (1864). + +ATALI'BA, the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on +whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca-- + +The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his +people and the benign regard of heaven.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_; ii. 4 +(from Kotzebue),(1799). + +Atê (2 _syl_.), goddess of revenge. + +With him along is come the mother queen. An Atê, stirring him to blood +and strife. Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596). + +_Atê_ (2 _syl_.), "mother of debate and all dissension," the friend of +Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the +best of beings. Her abode, "far under ground hard by the gates of +hell," is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was +challenged by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were +that the conqueror should have "Florimel," and the other "the old hag +Atê," who was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to +another.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596). + +ATH'ALIE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of Joram +king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of David; +but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king. +Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was +killed by the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's +_chef-d'oeuvre_ (1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part. + +(Racine's tragedy of _Athalie_, queen of Judah, must not be confounded +with Corneille's tragedy of _Attila_, king of the Huns.) + +ATHEIST'S TRAGEDY (_The_), by Cyril Tourneur. The "atheist" +is D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his +estates.--(Seventeenth century.) + +ATH'ELSTANE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "The Unready," thane of +Coningsburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +[Illustration] "Unready" does not mean _unprepared_ but _injudicious_ +(from Anglo-Saxon _raed_, "wisdom, counsel"). + +ATHE'NA (_Pallas_) once meant "the air," but in Homer this goddess is +the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed +protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva. + +ATHE'NIAN BEE, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his +composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an +infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that "honeyed words" would +fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophoclês is called "The +Attic Bee." + +ATH'LIOT, the most wretched of all women. + + Her comfort is (if for her any be), + That none can show more cause of grief than she. + + Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613). + +ATH'OS. Dinoc'ratês, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount +Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in +his left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters +which flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the +suggestion, but objected to the locality. + + And hew out a huge mountain of pathos, + As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos. + + Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 86. + +AT'IMUS, Baseness of Mind personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), +by Phineas Fletcher. "A careless, idle swain ... his work to eat, +drink, sleep, and purge his reins." Fully described in canto viii. +(Greek, _atimos_, "one dishonored.") + +A'TIN (_Strife_), the squire of Pyr'ochlês.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, +ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590). + +ATOS'SA. So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she was +the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho. + + But what are these to great Atossa's mind? + + Pope. + +(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally +understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old +Testament.) + +AT'ROPOS, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of life +with a pair of scissors. + + ... nor shines the knife, + Nor shears of Atropos before their vision. + + Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 64. + +ATTIC BEE _(The)_, Soph'oclês (B.C. 495-405). Plato is called "The +Athenian Bee." + +ATTIC BOY _(The)_, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, is +Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to +Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting. + + Till civil-suited Morn appear, + Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont + With the Attic boy to hunt, + But kerchiefed in a comely cloud. + _II Penseroso_ (1638). + +ATTIC MUSE _(The)_, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic +poetry. + +ATTICUS. The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero, +given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His biography +is found in Nepor. + +_The English Atticus_. Joseph Addison. + + Who but must laugh if such a man there be. + Who would not weep if Atticus were he? + Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_. + +AT'TILA, one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king of +the Huns, usually called "The Scourge of God," must not be confounded +with "Athalie," daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject +and title of Racine's _ches-d'oeuvre_, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief +character. + +AUBERT _(Thérèse)_, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name +(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in +the French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female +apparel to escape detection. + +AUBREY, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he +committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a +merchant, and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of +eighteen years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and +his daughter had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection +with Mr. Mortimer. + +_Augusta Aubrey_, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel, +the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the +vulgar Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord +Abberville, but after passing through many a most painful visitation, +she is happily married to the man of her choice.--Cumberland, _The +Fashionable Lover_ (1780). + +AU´BRI'S DOG showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de Macaire, +snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now Aubri +had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this +animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire. +Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by +whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be +the murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.) + +Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu à Paris, dans l'île +Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien +antérieur, car il est mentionné dès le siècle précédent par Albéric +des Trois-Fontaines.--Bouillet, _Dict. Universel, etc._ + +AUCH´TERMUCH´TY (_John_), the Kinross carrier.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +AUDHUM´BLA, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied him +with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew +from the rocks.--_Scandinavian Mythology_. + +AU´DREY, a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is an +excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that +"she is foul," and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks +the gods also that "she is not poetical."--Shakespeare, _As You Like +It_ (1598). + + The character of "Audrey," that of a female + fool, should not have been assumed [_i.e._ by Miss + Pope, in her last appearance in public]; the last + line of the farewell address was, "And now poor + Audrey bids you all farewell" (May 26, 1808).-- + James Smith, _Memoirs, etc._ (1840). + +AUGUS´TA, mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian II. +king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will +induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which +follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden.--H. +Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730). + +_Augusta_, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives, +sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be +conferred; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until +after her coronation. + +1. EMPRESSES. Livia and Julia were both _Augusta_; so were Julia +(wife of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaea, Statilia, +Sabina, Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an +emperor is spoken of as _Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra; +Divina Augusta_, etc. But the title had to be conferred; hence we +read, "Domitian uxorem suam _Augustam_ jussit nuncupari;" and "Flavia +Titiana, eadem die, uxor ejus [_i.e._ Pertinax] _Augusta_ est +appellata." + +2. MOTHERS or GRANDMOTHERS. Antonia, grandmother of Caligula, was +created _Augusta_. Claudius made his mother Antonia _Augusta_ after +her death. Heliogab´alus had coins inscribed with "Julia Mæsa +_Augusta_," in honor of his grandmother; + +Mammaea, mother of Alexander Severus, is styled _Augusta_ on coins; +and so is Helena, mother of Constantine. + +3. SISTERS. Honorius speaks of his sister as "venerabilis _Augusta_ +germananostra." Trajan has coins inscribed with "Diva Marciana +_Augusta_." + +4. DAUGHTERS. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of +Didius Julianus, were both _Augusta_. Titus inscribed on coins his +daughter as "Julia Sabina _Augusta_;" there are coins of the emperor +Decius inscribed with "Herennia Etruscilla _Augusta_," and "Sallustia +_Augusta_," sisters of the emperor Decius. + +5. OTHERS. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called _Augusta_ on coins; +Constantine Monomachus called his concubine _Augusta_. + +AUGUSTA HARE, a woman with a native genius for popularity, in Mrs. +A.D.T. Whitney's novel _Hitherto_. + +AUGUSTI´NA, _the Maid of Saragossa_. She was only twenty-two when, her +lover being shot, she mounted the battery in his place. The French, +after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808. + + Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragossa, + who by her valor elevated herself to the + highest rank of heroines. When the author + was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado, + decorated with medals and orders, by order of + the Junta.--Lord Byron. + +AULD ROBIN GRAY was written (1772) by Lady Anne Barnard, to raise a +little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay, +and her father was earl of Balcarras. + +AULLAY, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is as +much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is larger than a sheep. +King Baly of India rode on an aullay. + + The aullay, hugest of four-footed kind, + The aullay-horse, that in his force, + With elephantine trunk, could bind + And lift the elephant, and on the wind + Whirl him away, with sway and swing, + E'en like a pebble from a practised sling. + + Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvi. 2 (1809). + +AURE´LIUS, a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Do´rigen, the +wife of Arvir´agus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to his +suit till all the rocks of the British coast were removed, "and there +n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic made all the rocks disappear, +but when Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her promise, +Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather +die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer, +_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388). + +(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dimora and +Gilberto_, x. 5. See DIANORA.) + +_Aurelius_, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur, +but he died before the hero was born. + +Even sicke of a flixe [_ill of the flux_] as he was, he caused himself +to be carried forth on a litter; with whose presence the people +were so encouraged, that encountering with the Saxons they wan the +victorie.--Holinshed, _History of Scotland_, 99. + + ... once I read + That stout Pendragon on his litter sick + Came to the field, and vanquishèd his foes. + + Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._, act iii. sc. 2 (1589). + +AURORA LEIGH, daughter of an Englishman and an Italian woman. At +her father's death Aurora comes to England to live with a severe, +practical aunt. In time she becomes a poet, travels far, sees much, +and thinks much of life's problems. She marries her cousin Romney, +a philanthropist, blinded by an accident.--_Aurora_ _Leigh_, by +Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1856). + +AURORA NUNCANOU, beautiful Creole widow in _The Grandissimes_, by +George W. Cable. In her thirty-fifth year, she "is the red, red, +full-blown, faultless joy of the garden. With her it will be always +morning. That woman is going to last forever; ha-a-a-a!--even longer!" +(1880). + +AUSTIN, the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he renounced +the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the grandson of +Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the possessions and title +of the count of Narbonne.--Robert Jephson, _Count of Narbonne_ (1782). + +AUSTINS (_The_). _Miss Susan_, old maid resident at Whiteladies, +concerned in a conspiracy to introduce a false heir to the estate. + +_Miss Augustine_, saintly sister, who tries to "turn the curse +from _Whiteladies_, by her own prayers and those of her +almsmen."--_Whiteladies_, by M.O.W. Oliphant. + +AUS´TRIA AND THE LION'S HIDE. There is an old tale that the arch-duke +of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's hide +which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulconbridge (the +natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke: + + Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame, + And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs. + Shakespeare, _King John_, act iii. sc. 1 (1596). + +(The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools +and jesters were dressed in calf-skins.) + +AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST-TABLE, a mythical personage who indites +Oliver Wendell Holmes's breakfast-table conversations. + +AUTOL´YCOS, the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his +neighbors, and changed their marks. Sis´yphos outwitted him by marking +his sheep under their feet. + +AUTOL´YCUS, a peddler and witty rogue, in _The Winter's Tale_, by +Shakespeare (1604). + +AVARE (_L_'). The plot of this comedy is as follows: Harpagon the +miser and his son Cléante (2 _syl._) both want to marry Mariane (3 +_syl._), daughter of Anselme, _alias_ don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. +Cléante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser, +and hidden in the garden. When Harpagon discovers his loss he raves +like a madman, and Cléante gives him the choice of Mariane or the +casket. The miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his +son. The second plot is connected with Elise (2 _syl._), the miser's +daughter, promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2 +_syl._); but Elise is herself in love with Valère, who, however, turns +out to be the son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Valère +is his son, who he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him +Elise, and so in both instances the young folks marry together, and +the old ones give up their unnatural rivalry.--Molière, _L'Avare_ +(1667). + +AVE´NEL (2 _syl._), _Julian_, the usurper of Avenel Castle. + +_Lady Alice_, widow of sir Walter. + +_Mary_, daughter of Lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning.--Sir +W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (date 1559). + +_Ave´nel_ (_Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of_), same as the +bridegroom in _The Monastery_. + +_The lady Mary of Avenel_, same as the bride in _The Monastery_.--Sir +W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_The White Lady of Avenel_, a spirit mysteriously connected with the +Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Mile´sian families. +She announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest +in the family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with +considerable caprice; thus she shows unmitigated malignity to the +sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal has commanding +power over her. + + Noon gleams on the lake, + Noon glows on the fell; + Awake thee, awake, + White maid of Avenel! + + Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +AVEN´GER OF BLOOD, the man who had the birthright, according to the +Jewish, polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his +relatives. + + ... the Christless code + That must have life for a blow. + + Tennyson, _Maud_, II. i. 1. + +AVERY (_Parson_), a missionary "to the souls of fishers starving on +the rocks of Marblehead." He is wrecked with his crew, one wintry +midnight, and dies praying aloud.--J.G. Whittier, _The Swan Song of +Parson Avery_ (1850). + +AV´ICEN or _Abou-ibn-Sina_, an Arabian physician and philosopher, born +at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He composed a treatise on logic, and +another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippo´cratês and the +Aristotle of the Arabs. + + Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen ... + Yet was his glory never set on shelfe, + Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande + Where men have minde to take good bookes in hande. + + G. Gascoigne, _The Fruits of Warre_, lvii. (died 1577). + +AVIS, a New England girl, heroine of _The Story of Avis_, by Elizabeth +Stuart Phelps-Ward. She is forced by genius to be an artist, and +through her art loses hope of domestic happiness (1877). + +AYL'MER (_Mrs._), a neighbor of sir Henry Lee.--Sir W. Scott, +_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). + +AY'MER (_Prior_), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx +Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +AY'MON, duke of Dordona (_Dordogne_). He had four sons, Rinaldo, +Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto (_i.e._ Renaud, Guiscard, Alard, +and Richard), whose adventures are the subject of a French romance, +entitled _Les Quatre fils Aymon_, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223). + +AZA'ZEL, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of "smokeless +fire," that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited the +earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent +disobedience were driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was +created, and God commanded all to worship him, Azâzel insolently made +answer, "Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth; why should +I worship him?" Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and +called him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer +of Satan's host. + + Upreared + His mighty standard; that proud honor claimed + Azâzel as his right. + + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 534 (1665). + +AZ'LA, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of +Keha'ma.--Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, i. 10 (1809). + +AZ'O, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and had +already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, "never made his bride," +died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she +married the marqnis, and after she became his mother-in-law, they +loved on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love +for Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although +he spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her.--Byron, +_Parisina_. + +AZ´RAEL (_3 syl._), the angel of death (called Raphael in the _Gospel +of Barnabas_).--_Al Korân_. + +AZ´TECAS, an Indian tribe, which conquered the Hoamen (2 _syl._), +seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern +branch of the Missouri, having Az´tlan as their imperial city. When +Madoc conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the +Hoamen, and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805). + +AZUCE´NA, a gipsy. Manri´co is supposed to be her son, but is in +reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna).--Verdi, _Il +Trovato´rê_ (1853). + +AZYORU´CA (4 _syl._), queen of the snakes and dragons. She resides in +Patala, or the infernal regions.--_Hindû Mythology_. + + There Azyoruca veiled her awful form + In those eternal shadows. There she sat, + And as the trembling souls who crowd around + The judgment-seat received the doom of fate, + Her giant arms, extending from the cloud, + Drew them within the darkness. + +Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxiii 15 (1809). + +BAAL, plu. BAALIM, a general name for all the Syrian gods, as +Ash´taroth was for the goddesses. The general version of the legend of +Baal is the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz, Osiris, and the Arabian +myth of El Khouder. All allegorize the Sun, six months above and six +months below the equator. As a title of honor, the word Baal, Bal, +Bel, etc., enters into a large number of Phoenician and Carthaginian +proper names, as Hanni-bal, Hasdrubal, Bel-shazzar, etc. + + ... [the] general names + Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male; + These female. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665). + +BAB (_Lady_), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the airs +with the name and address of her mistress. Her fellow-servants and +other servants address her as "lady Bab," or "Your ladyship." She is a +fine wench, "but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean." +She says she never reads but one "book, which is Shikspur." And +she calls Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, "downright +hottenpots."--Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1763). + +BA´BA, chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana +Gulbey´az.--Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 82, etc. (1820). + +BABA (_Ali_), who relates the story of the "Forty Thieves" in the +_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_. He discovered the thieves' cave +while hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word "Ses´amê," at which +the door of the cave opened and shut. + +_Cassim Baba_, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty +thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying "Open Wheat!" +"Open Barley!" to the door, which obeyed to no sound but "Open +Sesamê!" + +BABA MUS´TAPHA, a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into +which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the +thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one +of the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man +happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard +about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed +out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it +with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the +house to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following +he pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of +marking the door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing +it.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba, or The Forty Thieves"). + +BABABALOUK, chief of the black eunuchs, whose duty it was to wait +on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the +harem.--Habesci, _State of the Ottoman Empire_, 155-6. + +BABES IN THE WOOD, insurrectionary hordes that infested the mountains +of Wicklow and the woods of Enniscarthy towards the close of the +eighteenth century. (See CHILDREN IN THE WOOD.) + +BABIE, old Alice Gray's servant-girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of +Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +BABIE´CA (3 _syl._), the Cid's horse. + + I learnt to prize Babieca from his head unto his + hoof. + +_The Cid_ (1128). + +BABOON (_Philip_), Philippe Bourbon, duc d'Anjou. + +_Lewis Baboon_, Louis XIV., "a false loon of a grandfather to Philip, +and one that might justly be called a Jack-of-all-trades." + + Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon + behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes + measuring linen; next day he would be + dealing in mercery-ware; high heads, ribbons, + gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety + ... nay, he would descend to the selling of + tapes, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop + was shut up he would go about the neighborhood, + and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the + young men and maidens to dance. By these + means he had acquired immense riches, which he + used to squander away at back-sword [_in war_], + quarter-staff, and cudgel-play, in which he took + great pleasure.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John + Bull_, ii. (1712). + +BABY BELL, the infant whose brief beautiful life is given in the poem +that first drew the eyes of the world to the young American poet, T.B. +Aldrich, then but nineteen years of age. + + Have you not heard the poets tell + How came the dainty Baby Bell + Into this World of ours? + The gates of heaven were left ajar: + With folded hands and dreamy eyes, + Wandering out of Paradise, + She saw this planet like a star + Hung in the glistening depths of even,-- + Its bridges, running to and fro, + O'er which the white-winged angels go, + Bearing the holy dead to heaven. + She touched a bridge of flowers--those feet + So light they did not bend the bells + Of the celestial asphodels, + They fell like dew upon the flowers; + Then all the air grew strangely sweet! + And thus came dainty Baby Bell + Into this world of ours. (1854.) + +BACCHAN'TES (3 _syl._), priestesses of Bacchus. + + Round about him _Bacchus_ fair Bacchantês, + Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses, + Wild from Naxian groves, or Zantê's + Vineyards, sing delirious verses. + Longfellow, _Drinking Song_. + +BACCHUS, in the _Lusiad_, an epic poem by Camoens (1569), is the +personification of the evil principle which acts in opposition to +Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars is made by the poet the guardian +power of Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism. + +BACKBITE (_Sir Benjamin_), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and +very censorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but +he never published anything, because "'twas very vulgar to print;" +besides, as he said, his little productions circulated more "by giving +copies in confidence to friends."--Sheridan, _School for Scandal_ +(1777). + + When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing + "Mrs. Candour," to Miss Farren's "lady + Teazle," King as "sir Peter," Parsons "Crab-tree," + Dodd "Backbite," Baddeley "Moses," + Smith "Charles," and John Palmer "Joseph" + [Surface].--James Smith, _Memoirs, etc_. + +BACTRIAN SAGE _(The)_, Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of Bactria, +now Balkh (B.C. 589-513). + +BADE'BEC (2 _syl_.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pantag'ruel. She +died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time +to nine dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels +laden with eels, and 25 wagons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and +shallots.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 2 (1533). + +BADGER _(Will)_, sir Hugh Robsart's favorite domestic.--Sir W. Scott, +_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Bad'ger (Mr. Bayham_), medical practitioner at Chelsea, under whom +Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking +gentleman, with "surprised eyes;" very proud of being Mrs. Badger's +"third," and always referring to her former two husbands, captain +Swosser and professor Dingo.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +BADINGUET [_Bad´.en.gay_] one of the many nicknames of Napoleon III. +It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the +fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873). + +BADOU´RA, daughter of Gaiour (2 _syl._), king of China, the "most +beautiful woman ever seen upon earth." The emperor Gaiour wished her +to marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night +by fairy influence she was shown prince Camaral´zaman asleep, fell +in love with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the +prince, but her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as +a madwoman. At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus: +The emperor having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her +[supposed] madness should have her for his wife, he sent Camaralzaman +to play the magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by +sending her the ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure +was instantly effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp. +When the emperor was informed that his son-in-law was a prince, whose +father was sultan of the "Island of the Children of Khal´edan, some +twenty days' sail from the coast of Persia," he was delighted with the +alliance.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura"). + +BADROUL´BOUDOUR, daughter of the sultan of China, a beautiful +brunette. "Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest, +her mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure perfect." She +became the wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death; once +by exchanging "the wonderful lamp" for a new copper one, and once by +giving hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these +magicians.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp"). + +BAG DAD. A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was +destined to found a city on the spot where he was standing. "I am that +man," said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his +boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him +"Moclas," the name of a well-known thief.--Marigny. + +BAGSHOT, one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the house +of lady Bountiful.--Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705). + +BAGSTOCK (_Major Joe_), an apoplectic retired military officer, living +in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major has a covert +kindness for Miss Tox, and is jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of +himself as "Old Joe Bagstock," "Old Joey," "Old J.," "Old Josh," +"Rough and tough old Jo," "J.B.," "Old J.B.," and so on. He is also +given to over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant.--C. +Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +BAH´ADAR, master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince Am´giad +was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when +Bahadar returned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his +uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how +the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing, +assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have +murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head. +Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad +came forward and told the whole truth, whereupon Bahadar was instantly +released, and Amgiad created vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and +Assad"). + +BAHMAN (_Prince_), eldest son of the sultan Khrossou-schah of Persia. +In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's sisters, and +set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the superintendent of the +sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and afterwards restored to the +sultan. It was the "talking bird" that told the sultan the tale of the +young prince's abduction. + +_Prince Bahman's Knife_. When prince Bahman started on his exploits, +he gave to his sister Parazadê (4 _syl._) a knife, saying, "As long as +you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am +alive and well; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know +that I am no longer alive."--_Arabian Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the +last tale). + +BAILEY, a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His +ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs. +Todgers's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the +"Anglo-Bengalee Company."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +BAILIE (_General_), a parliamentary leader.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of +Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +_Bailie (Giles)_, a gipsy; father of Gabrael Faa (nephew to Meg +Merrilies).--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +BAILLY, (_Henry or Harry_), the host of the Tabard Inn, in Southwerk, +London, where the nine and twenty companions of Chaucer put up before +starting on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. + + A semely man our hoste was withal + For to han been a marshal in an halle, + A fairer burgeis is ther non in Chepe. + + Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales, Prologue_. + +BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved the +bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his friends +sent him to London "an apprentice for to binde." After the lapse of +seven years, the bailiff's daughter, "in ragged attire," set out to +walk to London, "her true love to inquire." The young man on horseback +met her, but knew her not. "One penny, one penny, kind sir!" she +said. "Where were you born?" asked the young man. "At Islington," she +replied. "Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter +there?" "She's dead, sir, long ago." On hearing this the young man +declared he'd live an exile in some foreign land. "Stay, oh stay, thou +goodly youth," the maiden cried, "she is not really dead, for I am +she." "Then farewell grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true +love, whom I feared I should never see again."--Percy, _Relics of +English Poetry_, ii. 8. + +BAILZOU _(Ann´aple)_, the nurse of Effie Deans in her +confinement.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +BAJAR´DO, Rinaldo's steed.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +BAJA´ZET, surnamed "The Thunderbolt" (_ilderim_), sultan of Turkey. +After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he +laid siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane +emperor of Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and +indomitable. Being asked by Tamerlane how he would have treated him +had their lots been reversed, "Like a dog," he cried. "I would have +made you my footstool when I mounted my saddle, and when your services +were not needed would have chained you in a cage like a wild beast." +Tamerlane replied, "Then to show you the difference of my spirit, I +shall treat you as a king." So saying, he ordered his chains to be +struck off, gave him one of the royal tents, and promised to restore +him to his throne if he would lay aside his hostility. Bajazet abused +this noble generosity; plotted the assassination of Tamerlane; and +bow-strung Mone´ses. Finding clemency of no use, Tamerlane commanded +him to be used "as a dog, and to be chained in a cage like a wild +beast."--N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_ (a tragedy, 1702). + +_Bajazet_, a black page at St. James's Palace.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril +of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +BAKER (_The_), and the "Baker's Wife." Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette +were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th October, +1789, they ordered a supply of bread to be given to the mob which +surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamoring for bread. + +BA´LAAM (2 _syl._), the earl of Huntingdon, one of the rebels in the +army of the duke of Monmouth. + + And, therefore in the name of dulness, be + The well-hung Balaam. + + Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_. + +_Ba´laam_, a "citizen of sober fame," who lived near the monument of +London. While poor he was "religious, punctual, and frugal;" but when +he became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a +courtier, "took a bribe from France," and was hung for treason.--Pope, +_Moral Essays_, iii. + +BALAAM AND JOSAPHAT, a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son of +Almansur. (For plot, see JOSAPHAT.) + +BALACK, Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salisbury, who wrote a history called +_Burnet's Own Time_, and _History of the Reformation_.--Dryden and +Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. + +BALAFRÉ (_Le_), _alias_ Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the Scottish +Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis XI. Le +Balafré is uncle to Quentin Durward.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ +(time, Edward IV.). + +¤¤¤ Henri, son of Francois second duke of Gruise, was called _Le +Balafré_ ("the gashed"), from a frightful scar in the face from a +sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575). + +BALÂM´, the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is +called Nûn, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men. + +BALAN´, brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most valiant +knights that the world ever produced.--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 31 (1470). + +_Balan_, "the bravest and strongest of all the giant race." Am´adis de +Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de +Gaul_, iv. 129 (fourteenth century). + +BALANCE (_Justice_), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the army, +and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for +the wild pranks of young men.--G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_ +(1704). + +BA´LAND OF SPAIN, a man of gigantic strength, who called himself +Fierabras.--_Mediaeval Romance_. + +BALATSU-USUR, the name given to the captive Jew Daniel in Babylon, +meaning "May Bel protect his life!" + + Prostrate upon his royal face, prostrate before + the court, the queen, the people--down like a + pleading conscience or a suppliant faith, Nebuchadrezzar + the Great lay in the dust, and worshipped + him right royally. + + "_Thou_ art the Master of the Magicians!" said + the king. "For thou commandest the power of + thy God and thou controllest the spirit of + man!" ... + + Plain moral purity and religious fervor had + done for the young man what a lifetime of political + scheming had failed to do for many a + grey-headed disappointed adventurer. Then, as + in all ages, intrigue regarded the success of sincerity + with astonishment.--_The Master of the + Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert + D. Ward (1890). + +BALCHRIS´TIE (_Jenny_), housekeeper to the laird of Dumbiedikes.--Sir +W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +BALDASSA´RE (4 _syl._) chief of the monastery of St. Jacopo di +Compostella.--Donizetti's opera, _La Favorite_ (1842). + +BAL´DER, the god of light, peace, and day, was the young and beautiful +son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedablik ("wide-shining"), stood +in the Milky Way. He was slain by Höder, the blind old god of darkness +and night, but was restored to life at the general request of the +gods.--_Scandinavian Mythology_. + + Balder the beautiful, + God of the summer sun. + + Longfellow, _Tegnier's Death_. + +(Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled _Balder_, published in 1854.) + +BAL´DERSTONE (_Caleb_), the favorite old butler of the master of +Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for +the laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good +store in plenty, but all he could produce was "the hinder end of a +mutton ham that had been three times on the table already, and the +heel of a ewe-milk kebbuck [_cheese_]" (ch. vii.).--Sir W. Scott, +_Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +BALDRICK, an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger "the betrothed." He +was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Rose Flammock that she had seen +his ghost frowning at her.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry +II.). + +BAL´DRINGHAM (_The lady Ermengarde of_), great-aunt of lady Eveline +Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry +II.). + +BALDWIN, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins, nephew +of sir Roland. + +_Baldwin_, the restless and ambitious duke of Bologna, leader of 1200 +horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very +like him, but not so tall.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +¤¤¤ He is introduced by sir Walter Scott in _Count Robert of Paris_. + +_Baldwin_. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled _Reynard +the Fox_ (the word means "bold friend"). In pt. iii. he is called +"Dr." Baldwin (1498). + +_Bald´win_, tutor of Rollo ("the bloody brother") and Otto, dukes +of Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo, +because Hamond slew Gisbert the chancellor with an axe and not with a +sword. Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death "for teaching Hamond no +better."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639). + +_Baldwin (Count)_, a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on +his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination, +disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his younger son. +Biron fell at the siege of Candy, and was supposed to be dead. His +wife Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of +starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he drove her from his +house as a dog. Villeroy (2 _syl._) married her, but Biron returned +the following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed +ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime; but +one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella, +going mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of Baldwin the +source of infinite misery. It caused the death of his two sons, as +well as of his daughter-in-law.--Thomas Southern, _The Fatal Marriage_ +(1692). + +_Baldwin_, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W. +Scott in his novel called _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +BALDWINDE OYLEY, esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor of +the Knights Templars).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +BALIN (_Sir_), or "Balin le Savage," knight of the two swords. He was +a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six +months by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a +sword came to Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the +king that no man could draw it who was tainted with "shame, treachery, +or guile." King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but +sir Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he +refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, "That +sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend, +and it shall also prove your own death." Then the Lady of the Lake +came to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off +her head with it, and was banished from the court. After various +adventures he came to a castle where the custom was for every guest to +joust. He was accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his +antagonist. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were +slain, but Balin lived just long enough to learn that his antagonist +was his dearly beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one +tomb.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 27-44 (1470). + +¤¤¤ "The Book of Sir Balin le Savage" is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both +inclusive) of sir T. Malory's _History of Prince Arthur_. + +BALINVERNO, one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army.--Ariosto, +_Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +BA´LIOL (_Edward_), usurper of Scotland, introduced in _Redgauntlet_, +a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.). + +_Ba´liol (Mrs.)_, friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory +chapter of _The Fair Maid of Perth_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, +Henry IV.). + +_Ba´liol (Mrs. Martha Bethune)_, a lady of quality and fortune, who +had a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edinburgh. At her death +she left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called _The +Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.)_, which he published.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Highland Widow_ (introduction, 1827). + +BALISAR´DA, a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress +Faleri´na; it would cut through even enchanted substances, and was +given to Roge´ro for the express purpose of "dealing Orlando's +death."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, xxv. 15 (1516). + + He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows, + Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass could avail, + Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted mail. + + Book xxiii. + +BALIVERSO, the basest knight in the Saracen army.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_, (1516). + +BALK or BALKH ("_to embrace_"), Omurs, surnamed _Ghil-Shah_ ("earth's +king"), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled abroad to +make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other lands. On his +return he met his brother, and built on the spot of meeting a city, +which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his kingdom. + +BALKIS, the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the +south to witness the wisdom and splendor of Solomon. According to the +Koran she was a fire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to +his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz.--_Al +Korân_, xxvi. (Sale's notes). + + She fancied herself already more potent than + Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii + falling prostrate at the foot of her throne.--W. + Beckford, _Vathek_. + +_Balkis queen of Sheba_ or _Saba_. Solomon being told that her +legs were covered with hair "like those of an ass," had the +presence-chamber floored with glass laid over running water filled +with fish. When Balkis approached the room, supposing the floor to be +water, she lifted up her robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which +the king had been rightly informed.--_Jallalo'dinn_. + +BALLENKEIROCH (_Old_), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus +M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.). + +BALMUNG, the sword of Siegfried forged by Wieland the smith of the +Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit Wieland cleft Amilias (a +brother smith) to the waist; but so fine was the cut that Amilias +was not even conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell +asunder into two pieces.--_Niebelungen Lied_. + +BALRUD´DERY (_The laird of_), a relation of Godfrey Bertram, laird of +Ellangowan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +BALTHA´ZAR, a merchant, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_ (1593). + +_Baltha´zar_, a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's _Merchant of +Venice_ (1598). + +_Baltha´zar_, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's _Romeo and Juliet_ +(1597). + +_Baltha´zar_, servant to don Pedro, in Shakespeare's _Much Ado about +Nothing_ (1600). + +_Baltha´zar_, one of the three "kings" shown in Cologne Cathedral as +one of the "Magi" led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means +"lord of treasures." The names of the other two are Melchior ("king of +light"), and Gaspar or Caspar ("the white one"). Klopstock, in _The +Messiah_, makes six "Wise Men," and none of the names are like these +three. + +_Balthazar_, father of Juliana, Volantê, and Zam´ora. A proud, +peppery, and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke +of Aranza; his second daughter the count Montalban; and Zamora marries +signor Rinaldo.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804). + +BALUE (_Cardinal_), in the court of Louis XI. of France (1420-1491), +introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BALUGANTES (4 _syl._), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and in +alliance with Agramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +BALVENY (_Lord_), kinsman of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair +Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +BALWHIDDER [_Bal´wither_], a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled with +all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere, kind-hearted, +and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is quite ignorant +of the world, being "in it but not of it."--Galt, _Annals of the +Parish_ (1821). + + The _Rev. Micah Balwhidder_ is a fine representation + of the primitive Scottish pastor; diligent, + blameless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but + without the fiery zeal and "kirk-filling eloquence" + of the supporters of the Covenant.--R. + Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 591. + +BALY, one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded the +city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was +generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death +he became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed +with the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor +were the rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One +day a dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to +measure three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and +bade him measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf +compassed the whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the +third the infernal regions. Baly at once perceived that the dwarf was +Vishnû, and adored the present deity. Vishnû made the king "Governor +of Pad´alon" or hell, and permitted him once a year to revisit the +earth, on the first full moon of November. + + Baly built + A city, like the cities of the gods, + Being like a god himself. For many an age + Hath ocean warred against his palaces, + Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves, + Not overthrown. + + Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xv. 1 (1809). + +BAN, king of Benwick [_Brittany_], father of sir Launcelot, and +brother of Bors king of Gaul. This "shadowy king of a still more +shadowy kingdom" came over with his royal brother to the aid of +Arthur, when, at the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued +against him (pt. i. 8). + + Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the + world, and the man of most renown, for such + two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are + not living.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince + Arthur_, i. 14 (1470). + +BANASTAR (_Humfrey_), brought up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and +advanced by him to honor and wealth. He professed to love the duke as +his dearest friend; but when Richard III. offered £1000 reward to +any one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John +Mitton, sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salisbury, where +he was beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest +son, "reft of his wits might end his life in a pigstye;" that his +second son might "be drowned in a dyke" containing less than "half +a foot of water;" that his only daughter might be a leper; and that +Banastar himself might "live in death and die in life."--Thomas +Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The Complaynt," 1587). + +BANBERG (_The Bishop of_), introduced in Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir +W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BANBURY CHEESE. Bardolph calls Slender a "Banbury cheese" (_Merry +Wives of Windsor_, act i. sc. 1); and in _Jack Drum's Entertainment_ +we read, "You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring." The +Banbury cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in +thickness. + +BANDY-LEGGED, Armand Gouffé (1775-1845), also called _Le panard du +dix-neuvième siecle_. He was one of the founders of the "Caveau +moderne." + +BANKS, a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch +of Edmonton.--_The Witch of Edmonton_ (by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford, +1658). + +BANQUO, a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward +the Confessor. He was murdered at the instigation of king Macbeth, but +his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of +kings who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of +England, in whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the +blasted heath hailed Banquo as-- + + (1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. + (2) Not so happy, yet much happier. + (3) Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. + + Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3 (1606). + +(Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore +Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.) + +BAN´SHEE, a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland has +its banshee, who is supposed to give it warning of approaching death +or danger. + +BANTAM (_Angela Cyrus_), grand-master of the ceremonies at "Ba-ath," +and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the _élite_ of Bath.--C. +Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836). + +BAP, a contraction of _Bap'liomet, i.e._ Mahomet. An imaginary idol +or symbol which the Templars were accused of employing in their +mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone, +with two heads, one male and the other female, but all the rest of the +figure was female. Specimens still exist. + +BAP'TES (2 _syl_.), priests of the goddess Cotytto, whose midnight +orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of +obscenity. (Greek, _bapto_, "to baptize," because these priests bathed +themselves in the most effeminate manner.) + +BAPTIS'TA, a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na "the +shrew," and Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594). + +BAPTISTI DAMIOTTI, a Paduan quack, who shows in the enchanted mirror +a picture representing the clandestine marriage and infidelity of +sir Philip Forester.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, +William III.). + +BAR'ABAS, the faithful servant of Ealph Lascours, captain of the +_Uran'ia._ His favorite expression is "I am afraid;" but he always +acts most bravely when he is afraid. (See BARRABAS.)--E. Stirling, +_The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856). + +BAR'ADAS (_Count_), the king's favorite, first gentleman of the +chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill +Richelieu, and place the duc d'Orleans on the throne of France. +Baradas loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de +Mauprat. When Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count +Baradas his chief minister, but scarcely had he so done when a +despatch was put into his hand revealing the conspiracy, and Richelieu +ordered Baradas' instant arrest.--Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839). + +BARAK EL HADGI, the fakir´, an emissary from the court of Hyder +Ali.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.). + +BARBARA, the widowed heroine whose vacillations of devotion to her +buried husband and the living cousin who might be his twin, furnish +the _motif_ for Amelie Rives's story, _The Quick or the Dead?_ (1888). + +BARBARA FLOYD, lonely-hearted wife in George Fleming's (Julia C. +Fletcher) novel, _The Head of Medusa_. The scene of the story is laid +in modern Rome; Barbara, married to an Italian nobleman, has an inner +and purer life with which the corruptions of the gay capital meddle +not.--(1880.) + +BARBARA FRIETCHIE, heroic old woman of Frederick, Maryland, who took +up the flag the men had hauled down at the command of Stonewall +Jackson.--John Greenleaf Whittier, _Barbara Frietchie_ (1864). + + Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er + And the Rebel rides on his raids no more. + + Honor to her! and let a tear + Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier. + + Over Barbara Frietchie's grave + Flag of Freedom and Union wave. + + Peace and order and beauty draw + Bound thy symbol of light and law, + + And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick Town. + +BARBARA HOLABIRD, the rattle-pate of the Holabird sisters in +A.D.T. Whitney's _We Girls_. She coins words and bakes lace-edged +griddle-cakes and contrives rhymes, and tells on the last page of the +book how it was made. "We rushed in, especially I, Barbara, and did +little bits, and so it came to be a Song o' Sixpence, and at last four +Holabirds were 'singing in the pie.'"--(1868.) + +BARBARA'S HISTORY, story of young, untrained but bright and attractive +girl who marries a man of the world. The conflict of two strong, +wayward natures is long and fierce, resulting in temporary separation, +and the discipline of sorrow and absence in reconciliation.--Amelia B. +Edwards. + +BARBAROSSA ("_red beard_"), surname of Frederick I. of Germany +(1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in +Kyffhauserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his +six knights, waiting the "fulness of time," when he will come from his +cave to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place +of all the-world. His beard has already grown through the table-slab, +but must wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent. +(See MANSUR, CHARLEMAGNE, ABTHUR, DESMOND, SEBASTIAN I., to whom +similar legends are attached.) + + Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave, + Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave. + + Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +_Barbarossa_, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick +Barbarossa, the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horne Barbarossa, +the corsair (1475-1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylenê, who +made himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to +Turkey. He killed the Moorish king; tried to cut off Selim the son, +but without success; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow, +who rejected his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for +seven years. Selim returned unexpectedly to Algiers, and a general +rising took place; Barbarossa was slain by the insurgents; Zaphira was +restored to the throne; and Selim her son married Irenê the daughter +of Barbarossa (1742). + +BAR'BARA (_St._), the patron saint of arsenals. When her father was +about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning. + +BARBASON, the name of a demon. Amaimon sounds well; Lucifer well; +Barbason well; yet they are ... the names of fiends.--_Merry Wives of +Windsor_, ii. 2. + + I am not Barbason, you cannot conjure me.--_Henry + V_. ii. 1. + +BAR'BASON, the name of a demon mentioned in _The Merry Wives of +Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2 (1596). + + I am not Barbason; you cannot conjure me.--Shakespeare, + _Henry V_. act ii. sc. I (1599). + +BARBY ELSTER, sharp-tongued and sweet-hearted "help" in the Rossiter +family in Susan Warner's _Queechy_. She considers herself her +employers' more-than-equal and loses no opportunity of expressing the +conviction.--(1852.) + +BARCLAY OF URY, an Aberdeen laird, persecuted as a "Quaker coward" +by a mob of former friends and dependents, offers no resistance and + refuses defence from the sword of an ancient henchman. + + "Is the sinful servant more + Than his gracious Lord who bore + Bonds and stripes in Jewry?" + + J.G. Whittier, _Barclay of Ury_. + +BARCO'CHEBAH, an antichrist. + + Shared the fall of the antichrist Barcochebar.--Professor + Selwin, _Ecce Homo_. + +BARD OF AVON, Shakespeare, born and buried at Stratford-upon-Avon +(1564-1616). + +_Bard of Ayrshire_, Robert Burns, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796). + +_Bard of Hope_, Thomas Campbell, author of _The Pleasures of Hope_ +(1777-1844). + +_Bard of the Imagination_, Mark Akenside, author of _The Pleasures of +the Imagination_ (1721-1770). + +_Bard of Memory_, S. Rogers, author of _The Pleasures of Memory_ +(1762-1855). + +_Bard of Olney_, W. Cowper _[Coo'-per]_, who lived for many years at +Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800). + +_Bard of Prose_, Boccaccio. + + He of the hundred tales of love. + + Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 56 (1818). + +_Bard of Rydal Mount_, William Wordsworth, who lived at Rydal +Mount; also called "Poet of the Excursion," from his principal poem +(1770-1850). + +_Bard of Twickenham_, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham +(1688-1744). + +BARDELL _(Mrs.)_, landlady of "apartments for single gentlemen" in +Groswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded +herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one +occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put +herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled +lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pickwick of "breach of +promise," and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subsequently +Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in +the Fleet.--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836). + +BARDE'SANIST (4 _syl_.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a Gnostic +sect in the second century. + +BARDO BARDI, aged blind scholar, father of Romola. She is his +colaborer in the studies he pursues despite his infirmity.--George +Eliot, _Romola_. + +BAR'DOLPH, corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 _Henry +IV._ and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_. In _Henry V._ he is promoted +to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardolph is a +bravo, but great humorist; he is a lowbred, drunken swaggerer, wholly +without principle, and always poor. His red, pimply nose is an +everlasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion +thereto calls Bardolph "The Knight of the Burning Lamp." He says to +him, "Thou art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop." +Elsewhere he tells the corporal he had saved him a "thousand marks in +links and torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and +tavern."--Shakespeare. + + We are much of the mind of Falstaff's tailor. + We must have better assurance for sir John than + Bardolph's.--Macaulay. + +(The reference is to 2 _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks +Page, "What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak +and slops!" Page replies, "He said, sir, you should procure him better +assurance than Bardolph. He ... liked not the security.") + +BARDON _(Hugh)_, the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant +Fitzurse.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +BAREFOOT BOY, reminiscence of the author's own boyhood in Whittier's +poem, _The Barefoot Boy_. + + Prince thou art,--the grown-up man + Only is republican. + +BARÈRE (2 _syl_.), an advocate of Toulouse, called "The Anacreon of +the Guillotine." He was president of the Convention, a member of the +Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the condemnation to death +of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed +that "Terror must be the order of the day." In the first empire Barère +bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from +France, and retired to Brussels (1755-1841). + + The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the + fiction was a noble creature compared with the + Barère of history.--Lord Macaulay. + +BARFÜSLE, pretty German child, left an orphan at a tender age, and +cast upon the world. She maintains herself reputably and resists +many temptations until she is happily married.--Bernard Auerbach, +_Barfüsle._ + +BAR'GUEST, a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes set +up in the streets a most fearful scream in the "dead waste and middle +of the night." The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to a +few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the +"gift" to others.--_Fairy Mythology, North of England_. + +BAR'GULUS, an Illyrian robber or pirate. + + Bargulus, Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum + magnas opes habuit.--Cicero, _De Officiis_, + ii. 11. + +BARICONDO, one of the leaders of the Moorish army. He was slain by the +duke of Clarence.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +BARKER (.Mr.), friend to Sowerberry. _Mrs. Barker_, his wife.--W. +Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_. + +BAR'KIS, the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling +David Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse "Barkis is +willin'." Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis. + + He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the + superstition that people can't die till the tide goes + out, or be born till it is in. The last words he + utters are "Barkis is willin'."--C. Dickens, _David + Copperfield_, xxx. (1849). + +(Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, "'A parted even just between +twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide."--_Henry V_. act ii. +sc. 3, 1599.) + +BAR'LAHAM AND JOSAPHAT, the heroes and title of a minnesong, the +object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over +paganism. Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josaphat, an Indian +prince. This "lay" was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and +has been translated into every European language.--Rudolf of Ems (a +minnesinger, thirteenth century). + +BARLEY _(Bill)_, Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking rum, +and thumping on the floor.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860). + +BARLEYCORN (_Sir John_), Malt-liquor personified. His neighbors vowed +that sir John should die, so they hired ruffians to "plough him with +ploughs and bury him;" this they did, and afterwards "combed him with +harrows and thrust clods on his head," but did not kill him. Then with +hooks and sickles they "cut his legs off at the knees," bound him like +a thief, and left him "to wither with the wind," but he died not. They +now "rent him to the heart," and having "mowed him in a mow," sent two +bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that "all his +flesh fell from his bones," but yet he died not. To a kiln they next +hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning. +They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore +no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging +spirits even of his worst persecutors. + +[Illustration] This song, from the _English Dancing-Master_ (1651), is +generally ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did +was slightly to alter parts of it. The same may be said of "Auld lang +Syne," "Ca' the Yowes," "My Heart is Sair for Somebody," "Green grow +the Rashes, O!" and several other songs, set down to the credit of +Burns. + +BARLOW, the favorite archer of Henry VIII. He was jocosely created +by the merry monarch "Duke of Shoreditch," and his two companions +"Marquis of Islington" and "Earl of Pancras." + +_Barlow (Billy)_, a jester, who fancied himself a "mighty potentate." +He was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel +workhouse. Some of his sayings were really witty, and some of his +attitudes truly farcical. + +BAR'MECIDE. Schacabac "the hare-lipped," a man in the greatest +distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest +asked him to dine with him. Barmecide first washed in hypothetical +water, Schacabac followed his example. Barmecide then pretended to eat +of various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly, +and so the "feast" went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was +so pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter +into the spirit of the joke without resentment, that he ordered in +a real banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest.--_Arabian +Nights_ ("The Barber's Sixth Brother"). + +BAR'NABAS _(St.)_, a disciple of Gamaliel, cousin of St. Mark, and +fellow-laborer with St. Paul. He was martyred at Salamis, A.D. 63. +_St. Barnabas' Day_ is June 11.--_Acts_ iv. 36, 37. + +BAR'NABY _(Widow)_, the title and chief character of a novel by Mrs. +Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pretentious husband-hunter, +wholly without principle. _Widow Barnaby_ has a sequel called _The +Barnabys in America, or The Widow Married_, a satire on America and +the Americans (1840). + +BARNABY RUDGE, a half-witted whose companion is a raven. He is enticed +into joining the Gordon rioters.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Budge_ (1841). +(See RUDGE.) + +BARNACLE, brother of old Nicholas Cockney, and guardian of Priscilla +Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old school, +who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the "Cockney" school +inconsistent with prosperous shop-keeping. Though brusque and +even ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of +character.--_The Romp_ (altered from Bickerstaff's _Love in the +City_). + +BARNADINE, malefactor, condemned to death, "who will not die that day, +upon any man's persuasion."--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_. + +BARNES (1 _syl_.), servant to colonel Mannering, at Woodburne.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +BARNEY, a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low +public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always +spoke through his nose.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +BARN'STABLE (_Lieutenant_), in the British navy, in love with Kate +Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being +approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable +goes to America to discover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but +being seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to +the yardarm of an American frigate called the _Alacrity_. Scarcely is +the young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is +his own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time +to save him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his +affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_ (a burletta). + +BARNWELL (_George_), the chief character and title of a tragedy by +George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in +love with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first +robs his master of £200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at +Ludlow, and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity, +Sarah Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are +executed (1732). + +[Illustration] For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as +a useful lesson to London apprentices. BARON (_The old English_), a +romance by Clara Reeve (1777). + +BAR'RABAS, the rich "Jew of Malta." He is simply a human monster, +who kills in sport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal +machines. Shakespeare's "Shylock" has a humanity in the very whirlwind +of his resentment, but Marlowe's "Barrabas" is a mere ideal of +that "thing" which Christian prejudice once deemed a Jew. (See +BARABAS.)--Marlowe, _The Jew of Malta_ (1586). + +_Bar'rabas_, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ +by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament _Barab'has_. +Marlowe calls the word "Barrabas" in his _Jew of Malta_, and +Shakespeare says: + + "Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas + Had been her husband, rather than a Christian." + + _Merchant of Venice_, act iv. sc. 1 (1598). + +BARRY CORNWALL, the _nom de plume_ of Bryan Waller Procter. It is an +imperfect anagram of his name (1788-1874). + +BARSAD (_John), alias_ Solomon Pross, a spy. + + He had an aquiline nose, but not straight, + having a peculiar inclination towards the left + cheek; expression, therefore, sinister.--C. Dickens, + _A Tale of Two Cities_, ii. 16 (1859). + +BARSIS'A (_Santon_), in _The Guardian_, the basis of the story called +_The Monk_, by M. G. Lewis (1796). + +BARSTON, _alias_ captain Fenwicke, a jesuit and secret correspondent +of the conntess of Derby.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, +Charles II.). + +BARTHOL'OMEW (_Brother_), guide of the two Philipsons on their way to +Strasburg. + +--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +_Bartholomew (St.)._ His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in +allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive. + +BARTLEY HUBBARD, the "smart" newspaper-man in _A Modern Instance_, by +William Dean Howells (1883). He also plies his trade and exhibits his +assurance in _The Rise of Silas Lapham_ (1885). + +BARTOLDO, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of sustenance. +Fazio rifled his treasures, and on the accusation of his own wife was +tried and executed.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815). + +_Bartoldo_, same as _Bertoldo_ (_q.v._). + +BARTOLI (in French _Barthole_, better known, however, by the Latin +form of the name, _Bartolus_) was the most famous master of the +dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso +Ferrata in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of +Perugia. His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were +quoted as authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French +proverb, applied to a well-read lawyer, _He knows his "Barthole" as +well as a Cordelier his "Dormi_" (an anonymous compilation of sermons +for the use of the Cordelier monks). Another common French expression, +_Résolu comme Barthole_ ("as decided as Barthole"), is a sort of +punning allusion to his _Resolutiones Bartoli_, a work in which the +knottiest questions are solved with _ex cathedra_ peremptoriness. + +BAR'TOLUS, a covetous lawyer, husband of Amaran'ta.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622). + +BARTON (_Sir Andrew_), a Scotch sea-officer, who had obtained in 1511 +letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals upon +the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which the +earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from British +merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided to +put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of +sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir +Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts, +called "Sir Andrew Barton," is inserted in Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii. +12. + +BARTRAM, the lime-burner, an obtuse, middle-aged clown in _Ethan +Brand_ by Nathaniel Hawthorne. When he finds the suicide's skeleton in +the kiln, the heart whole within the ribs, he congratulates himself +that "his kiln is half a bushel richer for him" (1846). + +BARUCH. _Dites, donc, avez-vous lu Baruch?_ Said when a person puts +an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus: +Lafontaine went one day with Racine to _tenebrae_, and was given a +Bible. He turned at random to the "Prayer of the Jews," in Baruch, and +was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, "Dites, donc, who +was this Baruch? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius;" and +for some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was, +_Diles, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Baruch?_ + +BARZIL'LAI (3 _syl_.), the duke of Ormond, a friend and firm adherent +of Charles II. As Barzillai assisted David when he was expelled by +Absalom from his kingdom, so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he was +in exile. + + Barzillai, crowned with honors and with years,... + In exile with his god-like prince he mourned, + For him he suffered, and with him returned. + +Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. + +BASA-ANDRE, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a +sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a +beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden +comb). She hates church bells. (See BASA-JAUN.) + +BASA-JAUN, a wood-sprite, married to Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both +hated the sound of church bells. Three brothers and their sister +agreed to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the +finger of the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they +accomplished. The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each +of the footbaths of her brothers, and lo! they became oxen. The girl +crossing a bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her +brothers she would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the +girl to give each brother three blows on the back with a hazel wand, +and on so doing they were restored to their proper forms.--Rev. W. +Webster, _Basque Legends_, 49 (1877). + +BAS BLEU, nickname applied to literary women in the days succeeding +the French Revolution, made familiar in America by J. K. Paulding's +_Azure Hose_. + +BASHABA, sachem in J. G.L. Whittier's poem, _The Bridal of Pennacock_. +His beautiful daughter, scorned by the chief to whom Bashaba gave her +in marriage, and detained against her will by her angry father, steals +away by night in a canoe and IS drowned in a vain attempt + + To seek the wigwam of her chief once more. + +BASHFUL MAN (_The_), a comic drama by + +W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blushington, a young man just come into a +large fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He +dines at Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders. +His college chum, Frank Friendly, sends word to say that he and his +sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him +at Blushington House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his +shyness, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah +Friendly. + +BASIL, the blacksmith of Grand Pré, in Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_), and +father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When, the colony was +driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana, +and greatly prospered; but his son led a wandering life, looking for +Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague.--Longfellow, +_Evangeline_ (1849). + +BASIL MARCH, a clever, cynical, and altogether charming man of letters +who takes one of the leading parts in William Dean Howells's _Their +Wedding Journey. A Chance Acquaintance_, and _A Hazard of New +Fortunes_. + +BA'SILE (2 _syl_.), a calumniating, niggardly bigot in _Le Mariage de +Figaro_, and again in _Le Barbier de Séville_, both by Beaumarchais. +Basile and Tartuffe are the two French incarnations of religious +hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the +lay religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in +slander. + +BASILIS'CO, a bully and a braggart, in _Solyman and Perseda_ (1592). +Shakespeare has made Pistol the counterpart of Basilisco. + + Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like. + + Shakespeare, _King John_, act i. sc. 1 (1596). + +(That is, "my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good +mother.") + +BASILISK, supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on it. +Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, "Come, basilisk, and kill the innocent +gazer with thy sight." + + Natus in ardente Lydiæ basiliscus arena, + Vulnerat aspectu, luminibusque nocet. + + Mantuanus. + +BASILIUS, a neighbor of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but +when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and +promised Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the +vicinity. On their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen +on his sword, and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed +Quiteria to marry him, "for his soul's peace," and as it was deemed +a mere ceremony, they were married in due form. Up then started the +wounded man, and showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the +blood that of a sheep from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully +accepted the defeat, and allowed the preparations for the general +feast to proceed. + + Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar + admirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and + is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck, + leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like + a wizard. Then he has a fine voice for singing, + he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and + handles a foil as well as any fencer in Spain.--Cervantes, + _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 4 (1615). + +BASRIG or BAGSECG, a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or Halfdene +(2 _syl_.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex. In this +year Ethelred fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The first +was the battle of Englefield, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes; the +next was the battle of Beading, won by the Danes; the third was the +famous battle of Æscesdun or Ashdune (now _Ashton_), lost by the +Danes, and in which king Bagsecg was slain. + + And Ethelred with them [_the Danes_] nine sundry fields that fought ... + Then Reading ye regained, led by that valiant lord, + Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613). + + +Next year (871) the Danes for the first time entered Wessex.... The +first place they came to was Reading.... Nine great battles, besides +smaller skirmishes, were fought this year, in some of which the +English won, and in others the Danes. First, alderman Æthelwulf fought +the Danes at Englefield, and beat them. Four days after that there was +another battle at Reading ... where the Danes had the better of it, +and Æthelwulf was killed. Four days afterwards there was another more +famous battle at Æscesdun ... and king Æthelred fought against the +two kings, and slew Bagsecg with his own hand.--E. A. Freeman, _Old +English History_ (1869); see Asser, _Life of Alfred_ (ninth century). + + +BASSA'NIO, the lover of Portia, successful in his choice of the three +caskets, which awarded her to him as wife. It was for Bassanio that +his friend Antonio borrowed 3000 ducats of the Jew Shylock, on the +strange condition that if he returned the loan within three months no +interest should be required, but if not, the Jew might claim a pound +of Antonio's flesh for forfeiture.--Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_ +(1598). + +BAS'SET _(Count)_, a swindler and forger, who assumes the title of +"count" to further his dishonest practices.--C. Cibber, _The Provoked +Husband_ (1728). + +BASSIA'NUS, brother of Satur'nius emperor of Rome, in love with +Lavin'ia daughter of Titus Andron'icus (properly _Andronicus_). He +is stabbed by Deme'trius and Chiron, sons of Tam'ora queen of the +Goths.--(?) Shakespeare, _Titus Andronicus_ (1593). + +BASSI'NO _(Count)_, the "perjured husband of Aurelia" slain by +Alonzo.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Perjured Husband_ (1700). + +BASSANIO, a youth of noble birth but crippled fortunes, whose desire +to win the hand of Portia, a rich heiress, is the moving spring of the +action of Shakespeare's _The Merchant of Venice_. Portia's father has +left three caskets, and has ordered in his will that his daughter is +to marry only the man who chooses the casket that holds her portrait. +That Bassanio may enter the list of Portia's suitors, his friend +Antonio borrows money of Shylock, a Jew, who, out of hatred to the +merchant, entraps him into pledging a pound of his flesh as surety for +the loan. Bassanio marries Portia, but misfortune overtakes Antonio, +he forfeits his bond, and his life is only saved by a quibble devised +by Portia. + +BASTARD OF ORLEANS, in Shakespeare's _Henry VI_ Part 1, is Jean Dunois +a natural son of Louis of Orleans, brother of Charles VI. + +BAT (_Dr_.), naturalist in Cooper's _Prairie_, who mistakes his ass at +night for a monster described in his note-book. + +BATES (1 _syl_.), a soldier in the army of Henry V. He with Court and +Williams are sentinals before the English camp at Agincourt, and the +king disguised comes to them during the watch, and talks with them +respecting the impending battle,--Shakespeare, _Henry V_. + +_Bates (Charley)_, generally called "Master Bates," one of Fagin's +"pupils," training to be a pickpocket. He is always laughing +uproariously, and is almost equal in artifice and adroitness to "The +Artful Dodger" himself.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +_Bates (Frank)_, the friend of Whittle. A man of good plain sense, who +tries to laugh the old beau out of his folly.--Garrick, _The Irish +Widow_ (1757). + +BATH (_King of_), Richard Nash, generally called _Beau_ Nash, +master of-the ceremonies for fifteen years in that fashionable city +(1674-1761). + +_Bath (The Maid of_), Miss Linley, a beautiful and accomplished +singer, who married Richard B. Sheridan, the statesman and dramatist. + +_Bath (The Wife of_), one of the pilgrims travelling from Southwark +to Canterbury, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. She tells her tale in +turn, and chooses "Midas" for her subject (1388). + +BATHSHEBA in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_ is Louisa de +Queronailles, a young French lady brought into England by the Duchess +of Orleans, and who became the mistress of Charles II. The King made +her Duchess of Portsmouth. + + My father [_Charles II._] whom with reverence I name ... + Is grown in Bathsheba's embraces old. + + Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. + +BATHSHEBA EVERDEIIE, handsome heiress of an English farmstead, beloved +by two honest men and one knave. She marries the knave in haste, and +repents it at leisure for years thereafter. Released by his death, +she marries Gabriel Oak.--Thomas Hardy, _Far from the Madding Crowd_ +(1874). + +BATTAR _(Al), i.e. the trenchant_, one of Mahomet's swords. + +BATTUS, a shepherd of Arcadia. Having witnessed Mercury's theft of +Apollo's oxen, he received a cow from the thief to ensure his +secrecy; but, in order to test his fidelity, Mercury re-appeared soon +afterwards, and offered him an ox and a cow if he would blab. Battus +fell into the trap, and was instantly changed into a touchstone. + + When Tantalus in hell sees store and starves; + And senseless Battus for a touchstone serves. + +Lord Brooke, _Treatise on Monarchie_, iv. + +BAU'CIS AND PHILEMON, an aged Phrygian woman and her husband, who +received Jupiter and Mercury hospitably when every one else in the +place had refused to entertain them. For this courtesy the gods +changed the Phrygians' cottage into a magnificent temple, and +appointed the pious couple over it. They both died at the same time, +according to their wish, and were converted into two trees before the +temple.--_Greek and Roman Mythology_. + +BAUL'DIE (2 _syl._), stable-boy of Joshua Geddes the quaker.--Sir W. +Scott, _Red-gauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +_Baul'die_ (2 _syl._), the old shepherd in the introduction of the +story called _The Black Dwarf_, by sir W. Scott (time, Anne). + +BAVIAN FOOL (_The_), one of the characters in the old morris-dance. He +wore a red cap faced with yellow, a yellow "slabbering-bib," a blue +doublet, red hose, and black shoes. He represents an overgrown baby, +but was a tumbler, and mimicked the barking of a dog. The word Bavian +is derived from _bavon_, a "bib for a slabbering child" (see Cotgrave, +_French Dictionary_). In modern French _bave_ means "drivel," +"slabbering," and the verb _baver_ "to slabber," but the bib is now +called _bavette_. (See MORRIS-DANCE.) + +BAVIE'CA, the Cid's horse. He survived his master two years and a +half, and was buried at Valencia. No one was ever allowed to mount him +after the death of the Cid. + +BAVIUS, any vile poet. (See MÆVIUS.) + +BAWTRY. _Like the saddler of Baivtry, who was hanged for leaving his +liquor_. (_Yorkshire Proverb_.) It was customary for criminals on +their way to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a +"parting draught." The saddler of Bawtry refused to accept the liquor, +and was hanged, whereas if he had stopped a few minutes at the tavern +his reprieve, which was on the road, would have arrived in time to +save him. + +BA'YARD, _Le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche_; born in France in +1475. He served under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.; bore a gallant +part in the "Battle of the Spurs," and died in 1524 of wounds received +while in action. + +_The British Bayard_, sir Philip Sidney (1554-1584). + +_The Polish Bayard_, prince Joseph Poniatowski (1763-1814). + +_The Bayard of India_, sir James Outram (1803-1863). So called by sir +Charles Napier. + +_Ba'yard_, a horse of incredible speed, belonging to the four sons of +Aymon. If only one mounted, the horse was of the ordinary size, but +increased in proportion as two or more mounted. (The word means +"bright bay color.")--Villeneuve, _Les Quatre fils Aymon_. + +_Bayard_, the steed of Fitz-James.--Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_, +v. 18 (1810). + +BAYAR'DO, the famous steed of Rinaldo, which once belonged to Amadis +of Gaul. It was found in a grotto by the wizard Malagigi, along with +the sword Fusberta, both of which he gave to his cousin Rinaldo. + + His color bay, and hence his name he drew-- + Bayardo called. A star of silver hue + Emblazed his front. + +Tasso, _Rinaldo_, ii. 220 (1562). + +BAYES (1 _syl._), the chief character of _The Rehearsal_, a farce by +George Villiers, duke of Buckingham (1671). Bayes is represented +as greedy of applause, impatient of censure, meanly obsequious, +regardless of plot, and only anxious for claptrap. The character is +meant for John Dryden. + +[Illustration] C. Dibdin, in his _History of the Stage_, states that +Mrs. Mountford played "Bayes" "with more variety than had ever been +thrown into the part before." + + No species of novel-writing exposes itself to a + severer trial, since it not only resigns all Bayes' + pretensions "to elevate the imagination," ... but + places its productions within the range + of [general] criticism.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Romance." + +BAYNARD (_Mr._), introduced in an episode in the novel called +_Humphrey Clinker_, by Smollett (1771). + +BEA'CON (_Tom_), groom to Master Chiffinch (private emissary of +Charles II.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles +II.). + +BEA'GLE (_Sir Harry_), a horsy country gentleman, who can talk of +nothing but horses and dogs. He is wofully rustic and commonplace. Sir +Harry makes a bargain with lord Trinket to give up Harriet to him in +exchange for his horse. (See GOLDFINCH.)--George Colman, _The Jealous +Wife_ (1761). + +BEAK. Sir John Fielding was called "The Blind Beak" (died 1780). BEAN +LEAN (_Donald_), _alias_ Will Ruthven, a Highland robber-chief. +He also appears disguised as a peddler on the roadside leading to +Stirling. Waverley is rowed to the robber's cave and remains there all +night. + +_Alice Bean_, daughter of Donald Bean Lean, who attends on Waverley +during a fever.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +BEAR (_The Brave_). Warwick is so called from his cognizance, which +was _a bear and ragged staff_. + +BEARCLIFF (_Deacon_), at the Gordon Arms or Kippletringam inn, where +colonel Mannering stops on his return to England, and hears of +Bertram's illness and distress.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, +George II.). + +BEARDED (_The_). (1) Geoffrey the crusader. (2) Bouchard of the house +of Montmorency. (3) Constantine IV. (648-685). (4) Master George +Killingworthe of the court of Ivan _the Terrible_ of Russia, whose +beard (says Hakluyt) was five feet two inches long, yellow, thick, and +broad. Sir Hugh Willoughby was allowed to take it in his hand. + +_The Bearded Master_. Soc'ratês was so called by Persius (B.C. +468-399). + +_Handsome Beard_, Baldwin IV. earl of Flanders (1160-1186). + +_John the Bearded_, John Mayo, the German painter, whose beard touched +the ground when he stood upright. + +BEARNAIS (_Le_), Henri IV. of France, so called from his native +province, Le Béarr. (1553-1610). + +BEATON, the artist of _Every Other Week_, the story of which +periodical is told in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_ +(1889). + +His name was Beaton--Angus Beaton. His father was a Scotchman, but +Beaton was born in Syracuse, New York, and it had taken only three +years to obliterate many traces of native and ancestral manner in him. +He wore his thick beard cut shorter than his moustache, and a little +pointed; he stood with his shoulders well thrown back, and with a +lateral curve of his person when he talked about art which would alone +have carried conviction, even if he had not had a thick, dark bang +coming almost to the brows of his mobile gray eyes, and had not spoken +English with quick, staccato impulses, so as to give it the effect of +epigrammatic and sententious French. + +BE'ATRICE (3 _syl_.), a child eight years old, to whom Dantê at the +age of nine was ardently attached. She was the daughter of Folco +Portina'ri, a rich citizen of Florence. Beatrice married Simoni de +Bardi, and died before she was twenty-four years old (1266-1290). +Dantê married Gemma Donati, and his marriage was a most unhappy one. +His love for Beatrice remained after her decease. She was the fountain +of his poetic inspiration, and in his _Divina Commedia_ he makes her +his guide through paradise. + +Dantê's Beatrice and Milton's Eve Were not drawn from their spouses +you conceive. Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 10 (1820). + +(Milton, who married Mary Powell, of Oxfordshire, was as unfortunate +in his choice as Dantê.) + +_Beatrice_, wife of Ludov'ico Sforza. + +_Beatrice_, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, sister of Leonora +duchess of Ferrara, and wife of Mathias Corvi'nus of Hungary. + +_Beatrice_, niece of Leonato governor of Messina, lively and +light-hearted, affectionate and impulsive. Though wilful she is not +wayward, though volatile she is not unfeeling, though teeming with wit +and gaiety she is affectionate and energetic. At first she dislikes +Benedick, and thinks him a flippant conceited coxcomb; but overhearing +a conversation between her cousin Hero and her gentlewoman, in which +Hero bewails that Beatrice should trifle with such deep love as that +of Benedick, and should scorn so true and good a gentleman, she cries, +"Sits the wind thus? then, farewell, contempt. Benedick, love on; I +will requite you." This conversation of Hero's was a mere ruse, but +Benedick had been caught by a similar trick played by Claudio, don +Pedro, and Leonato. The result was they sincerely loved each other, +and were married.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600). + +BEATRICE CENCI, the _Beautiful Parricide (q.v.)._ + +BEATRICE D'ESTE, canonized at Rome. + +BEATRICE GIORGINI, an Italian contessa whose parents contract a secret +marriage, an unequal match as to birth and fortune, and, dying young, +one by violence, leave their child in charge of Betta, a faithful +nurse, who takes her to her mother's mother, an old peasant. At her +grandmother's death she becomes companion to a relative of her father; +marries don Leonardo, her father's cousin and one of the witnesses to +the secret marriage, and uses him to prove her legitimacy and his own +treachery.--Mary Agnes Tincker, _Two Coronets_ (1889). + +BEAU BRUMMEL, George Bryan Brummel, son of a London pastry-cook, who +became the fashion at the court of George III. and reigning favorite +of the Prince of Wales. His story has been made the foundation of a +brilliant American play by Clyde Fitch, in which Richard Mansfield +takes the part of Brummel (1890). + +BEAU CLARK, a billiard-maker at the beginning of the nineteenth +century. He was called "The Bean," assumed the name of _Beauelerc_, +and paid his addresses to a _protégée_ of lord Fife. + +BEAU FIELDING, called "Handsome Fielding" by Charles II., by a play on +his name, which was Hendrome Fielding. He died in Scotland Yard. + +BEAU HEWITT was the original of sir George Etherege's "Sir Fopling +Flutter," in the comedy called _The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling +Flutter_ (1676). + +BEAU NASH, Richard Nash, called also "King of Bath;" a Welsh +gentleman, who for fifteen years managed the bath-rooms of Bath, and +conducted the balls with unparalleled splendor and decorum. In his old +age he sank into poverty (1674-1761). + +BEAU D'ORSAY _(Le)_, father of count d'Orsay, whom Byron calls "_Jeune +Cupidon._" + +BEAU SEANT, the Templars' banner, half white and half black; the white +signified that the Templars were good to Christians, the black, that +they were evil to infidels. + +BEAU TIBBS, in Goldsmith's _Citizen of the World_, a dandy noted for +his finery, vanity, and poverty. + +BEAUCLERK, Henry I. king of England (1068, 1100-1135). + +BEAUFORT, the lover of Maria Wilding, whom he ultimately marries.--A. +Murphy, _The Citizen_ (a farce). + +BEAUJEU (_Mons. le chevalier de_), keeper of a gambling-house to which +Dalgarno takes Nigel.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James +I.). + +_Beaujeu_ (_Mons. le comte de_), a French officer in the army of the +Chevalier Charles Edward, the Pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ +(time, George II.). + +BEAUMAINS ("_big hands_"), a nickname which sir Key (Arthur's steward) +gave to Gareth when he was kitchen drudge in the palace. "He had the +largest hands that ever man saw." Gareth was the son of king Lot and +Margawse (king Arthur's sister). His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir +Agravain, and sir Gaheris. Mordred was his half-brother.--Sir T. +Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120 (1470). + +[Illustration] His achievements are given under the name "Gareth" +(q.v.). + +Tennyson, in his _Gareth and Lynette_, makes sir Key tauntingly +address Lancelot thus, referring to Gareth: + + Fair and fine, forsooth! + Sir Fine-face, sir Fair-hands? But see thou to it + That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day, + Undo thee not. + +Be it remembered that Key himself called Gareth "Beaumain" from the +extraordinary size of the lad's hands; but the taunt put into the +mouth of Key by the poet indicates that the lad prided himself on his +"fine" face and "fair" hands, which is not the case. If "fair hands" +is a translation of this nickname, it should be "fine hands," which +bears the equivocal sense of _big_ and _beautiful_. + +BEAU'MANOIR (_Sir Lucas_), Grand-Master of the Knights Templars.--Sir +W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +BEAUPRE [_Bo-pray_'], son of judge Vertaigne (2 _syl_.) and brother of +Lami'ra.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French Lawyer_ (1647). + +BEAUTÉ (2 _syl_). _La dame de Beauté_. Agnes Sorel, so called from the +château de Beauté, on the banks of the Marne, given to her by Charles +VII. (1409-1450). + +BEAUTIFUL CORISANDE (3 _syl_). Diane comtesse de Guiche et de +Grammont. She was the daughter of Paul d'Andouins, and married +Philibert de Grammont, who died in 1580. The widow outlived her +husband for twenty-six years. Henri IV., before he was king of +Navarre, was desperately smitten by La belle Corisande, and when Henri +was at war with the League, she sold her diamonds to raise for him a +levy of 20,000 Gascons (1554-1620). + +(The letters of Henri to Corisande are still preserved in the +_Bibliothéque de l'Arsenal_, and were published in 1769.) + +BEAUTIFUL PARRICIDE (_The_), Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a Roman +nobleman, who plotted the death of her father because he violently +defiled her. She was executed in 1605. Shelley has a tragedy on the +subject, entitled _The Cenci_. Guido Reni's portrait of Beatrice is +well known through its numberless reproductions. + +BEAUTY (_Queen of_). So the daughter of Schems'edeen' Mohammed, vizier +of Egypt, was called. She married her cousin, Bed'redeen' Hassan, son +of Nour'edeen' Ali, vizier of Basora.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen +Ali," etc.). + +BEAUTY AND THE BEAST (_La Belle et la Bête_'), from _Les Contes +Marines_ of Mde. Villeneuvre (1740), the most beautiful of all nursery +tales. A young and lovely woman saved her father by putting herself in +the power of a frightful but kind-hearted monster, whose respectful +affection and melancholy overcame her aversion to his ugliness, and +she consented to become his bride. Being thus freed from enchantment, +the monster assumed his proper form and became a young and handsome +prince. + +BEAUTY OF BUTTERMERE (3 syl.), Mary Robinson, who married John +Hatfield, a heartless impostor executed for forgery at Carlisle in +1803. + +BEAUX' STRATAGEM (_The_), by George Farquhar. Thomas viscount Aimwell +and his friend Archer (the two beaux), having run through all their +money, set out fortune-hunting, and come to Lichfield as "master and +man." Aimwell pretends to be very unwell, and as lady Bountiful's +hobby is tending the sick and playing the leech, she orders him to +be removed to her mansion. Here he and Dorinda (daughter of lady +Bountiful) fall in love with each other, and finally marry. Archer +falls in love with Mrs. Sullen, the wife of squire Sullen, who had +been married fourteen months but agreed to a divorce on the score of +incompatibility of tastes and temper. This marriage forms no part +of the play; all we are told is that she returns to the roof of her +brother, sir Charles Freeman (1707). + +BEDE (_Adam_ and _Seth_), brothers, carpenters. Seth loves the fair +gospeller Dinah Morris, but she marries Adam.--George Eliot, _Adam +Bede_. + +_Bede (Cuthbert_), the Rev. Edward Bradley, author of _The Adventures +of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman_ (1857). + +BED'ER ("_the full moon_"), son of Gulna'rê (3 syl.), the young king +of Persia. As his mother was an under-sea princess, he was enabled to +live under water as well as on land. Beder was a young man of handsome +person, quick parts, agreeable manners, and amiable disposition. He +fell in love with Giauha'rê, daughter of the king of Samandal, the +most powerful of the under-sea empires, but Giauharê changed him into +a white bird with red beak and red legs. After various adventures, +Beder resumed his human form and married Giauharê.--_Arabian Nights_ +("Beder and Giauharê"). + +BED'IVERE (_Sir_) or BED'IVER, king Arthur's butler and a knight of +the Round Table. He was the last of Arthur's knights, and was sent by +the dying king to throw his sword Excalibur into the mere. Being cast +in, it was caught by an arm "clothed in white samite," and drawn into +the stream.--Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_. + +Tennyson's _Morte d'Arthur_ is a very close and in many parts a verbal +rendering of the same tale in sir Thomas Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_, +iii. 168 (1470). + +BEDLOE (_Augustus_), an eccentric Virginian, an opium-eater, and +easily hypnotized, in Edgar Allan Poe's _Tale of the Ragged Mountains_ +(1846). + + +BEDOTT (_Widow_). (See HEZEKIAH BEDOTT.) + +BED'OUINS [_Bed'.winz_], nomadic tribes of Arabia. In common +parlance, "the homeless street poor." Thus gutter-children are called +"Bedouins." + +BED'REDEEN' HAS'SAN of Baso'ra, son of Nour'edeen' Ali grand vizier +of Basora, and nephew to Schems'edeen' Mohammed vizier of Egypt. His +beauty was transcendent and his talents of the first order. When +twenty years old his father died, and the sultan, angry with him for +keeping from court, confiscated all his goods, and would have seized +Bedredeen if he had not made his escape. During sleep he was conveyed +by fairies to Cairo, and substituted for an ugly groom (Hunchback) to +whom his cousin, the Queen of Beauty, was to have been married. Next +day he was carried off by the same means to Damascus, where he lived +for ten years as a pastry-cook. Search was made for him, and the +search party, halting outside the city of Damascus, sent for some +cheese-cakes. When the cheese-cakes arrived, the widow of Nouredeen +declared that they must have been made by her son, for no one else +knew the secret of making them, and that she herself had taught it to +him. On hearing this, the vizier ordered Bedredeen to be seized, "for +making cheese-cakes without pepper," and the joke was carried on till +the party arrived at Cairo, when the pastry-cook prince was reunited +to his wife, the Queen of Beauty.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," +etc.). + +BEDWIN (_Mrs._), housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. A kind, motherly soul, +who loves Oliver Twist most dearly.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ +(1837). + +BEE OF ATTICA, Soph'oclês the dramatist (B.C. 495-405). The "Athenian +Bee" was Plato the philosopher (B.C. 428-347). + + The Bee of Attica rivalled Æschylus when in + the possession of the stage.--Sir W. Scott, _The + Drama._ + +BEEF'INGTON (_Milor_), introduced in _The Rovers._ Casimir is a Polish +emigrant, and Beefington an English nobleman exiled by the tyranny of +king John.--_Anti-Jacobin._ + + "Will without power," said the sagacious Casimir, + to Milor Beefington, "is like children playing + at soldiers."--Macaulay. + +BE'ELZELBUB (4 _syl_.), called "prince of the devils" (_Matt._ xii. +24), worshipped at Ekron, a city of the Philistines (2 _Kings_ i. 2), +and made by Milton second to Satan. + + One next himself in power and next in crime--Beëlzebub. + + _Paradise Lost_, i. 80 (1665). + +BEE'NIE (2 _syl_.), chambermaid at Old St. Ronan's inn, held by Meg +Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +BEES (_Telling the_), a superstition still prevalent in some rural +districts that the bees must be told at once if a death occur in the +family, or every swarm will take flight. In Whittier's poem, _Telling +the Bees_, the lover coming to visit his mistress sees the small +servant draping the hives with black, and hears her chant: + + "Stay at home, pretty bees, fly not hence, + Mistress Mary is dead and gone." + +BEFA'NA, the good fairy of Italian children. She is supposed to fill +their shoes and socks with toys when they go to bed on Twelfth Night. +Some one enters the bedroom for the purpose, and the wakeful youngters +cry out, "_Ecco la Befana!_" According to legend, Befana was too busy +with house affairs to take heed of the Magi when they went to offer +their gifts, and said she would stop for their return; but they +returned by another way, and Befana every Twelfth Night watches to see +them. The name is a corruption of _Epiphania_. + +BEG (_Callum_), page to Fergus M'Ivor, in _Waverley_, a novel by sir +W. Scott (time, George II.). + +_Beg (Toshach)_, MacGillie Chattanach's second at the combat.--Sir W. +Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (recast and +produced, 1834). Bess, daughter of Albert, "the blind beggar of +Bethnal Green," was intensely loved by Wilford, who first saw her +in the streets of London, and subsequently, after diligent search, +discovered her in the Queen's Arms inn at Romford. It turned out that +her father Albert was brother to lord Woodville, and Wilford was his +truant son, so that Bess was his cousin Queen Elizabeth sanctioned +their nuptials, and took them under her own conduct. (See BLIND.) + +BEGGARS (_King of the_), Bampfylde Moore Carew. He succeeded Clause +Patch (1693, 1730-1770). + +BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER (_The_), "Bessee the beggar's daughter of Bethnal +Green," was very beautiful, and was courted by four suitors at +once--a knight, a country squire, a rich merchant, and the son of an +inn-keeper at Romford. She told them all they must first obtain the +consent of her poor blind father, the beggar of Bethnal Green, and all +slunk off except the knight, who went and asked leave to marry "the +pretty Bessee." The beggar gave her for a "dot," £3000, and £100 for +her trousseau, and informed the knight that he (the beggar) was Henry, +son and heir of sir Simon de Montfort, and that he had disguised +himself as a beggar to escape the vigilance of spies, who were in +quest of all those engaged on the baron's side in the battle of +Evesham.--Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii 10. + +The value of money was about twelve times more than its present +purchase value, so that the "dot" given was equal to £36,000. + +BEGGAR'S OPERA (_The_), by Gay (1727). The beggar is captain Macheath. +(For plot, see MACHEATH.) + +BEGGAR'S PETITION (_The_), a poem by the Rev. Thomas Moss, minister +of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire. It was given to Mr. +Smart, the printer, of Wolverhampton.--_Gentleman's Magazine_, lxx. +41. BEGUINES [_Beg-wins_], the earliest of all lay societies of women +united for religious purposes. Brabant says the order received its +name from St. Begga, daughter of Pepin, who founded it at Namur', +in 696; but it is more likely to be derived from _le Bègue_ ("the +Stammerer"); and if so, it was founded at Liège, in 1180. + +BEH'RAM, captain of the ship which was to convey prince Assad to the +"mountain of fire," where he was to be offered up in sacrifice. The +ship being driven on the shores of queen Margia'na's kingdom, Assad +became her slave, but was recaptured by Behram's crew, and carried +back to the ship. The queen next day gave the ship chase. Assad was +thrown overboard, and swam to the city whence he started. Behram also +was drifted to the same place. Here the captain fell in with the +prince, and reconducted him to the original dungeon. Bosta'na, a +daughter of the old fire-worshipper, taking pity on the prince, +released him; and, at the end, Assad married queen Margiana, Bostana +married prince Amgiad (half-brother of Assad), and Behram, renouncing +his religion, became a mussulman, and entered the service of Amgiad, +who became king of the city.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad"). + +BELA'RIUS, a nobleman and soldier in the army of Cym'beline (3 _syl._) +king of Britain. Two villains having sworn to the king that he was +"confederate with the Romans," he was banished, and for twenty years +lived in a cave; but he stole away the two infant sons of the king out +of revenge. Their names were Guide'rius and Arvir'agus. When these two +princes were grown to manhood, a battle was fought between the Romans +and Britons, in which Cymbeline was made prisoner, but Belarius coming +to the rescue, the king was liberated and the Roman general in turn +was made captive. Belarius was now reconciled to Cymbeline, and +presenting to him the two young men, told their story; whereupon they +were publicly acknowledged to be the sons of Cymbeline and princes of +the realm.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605). + +BEL BREE, wide-awake country girl in _The Other Girls_, by A.D.T. +Whitney. Dissatisfied with rustic life, she accompanies aunt Blin, a +dressmaker, to Boston, works hard, is exposed to the temptations that +beset a pretty girl in a city, but resists them. She is thrown out +of work by the Boston fire, and "enters service" with satisfactory +consequences to all concerned. + +BELCH (_Sir Toby_), uncle of Olivia the rich countess of Illyria. He +is a reckless roysterer of the old school, and a friend of sir Andrew +Ague-cheek.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614). + +BELCOUR, a foundling adopted by Mr. Belcour, a rich Jamaica merchant, +who at death left him all his property. He was in truth the son of Mr. +Stockwell, the clerk of Belcour, senior, who clandestinely married his +master's daughter, and afterwards became a wealthy merchant. On the +death of old Belcour, the young man came to England as the guest of +his unknown father, fell in love with Miss Dudley, and married her. +He was hot-blooded, impulsive, high-spirited, and generous, his very +faults serving as a foil to his noble qualities; ever erring and +repenting, offending and atoning for his offences.--Cumberland, _The +West Indian_ (1771). + +BE'LED, one of the six Wise Men of the East, led by the guiding star +to Jesus. He was a king, who gave to his enemy who sought to +dethrone him half of his kingdom, and thus turned a foe into a fast +friend.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, v. (1747). + +BELERMA, the lady whom Durandarte served for seven years as a +knight-errant and peer of France. When, at length, he died at +Roncesvalles, he prayed his cousin Montesi'nos to carry his heart to +Belerma. + +I saw a procession of beautiful damsels in mourning, with white +turbans on their heads. In the rear came a lady with a veil so long +that it reached the ground: her turban was twice as large as the +largest of the others; her eyebrows were joined, her nose was rather +flat, her mouth wide, but her lips of a vermilion color. Her teeth +were thin-set and irregular, though very white; and she carried in her +hand a fine linen cloth, containing a heart. Montesinos informed me +that this lady was Belerma.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 6 +(1615). + +BELE'SES (3 _syl_.), a Chaldaean soothsayer and Assyrian satrap, who +told Arba'ces (3 _syl_.) governor of Me'dia, that he would one day +sit on the throne of Nineveh and Assyria. His prophecy came true, +and Beleses was rewarded with the government of Babylon.--Byron, +_Sardanapalus_ (1819). + +BEL'FIELD _(Brothers)._ The elder brother is a squire in Cornwall, +betrothed to Sophia (daughter of sir Benjamin Dove), who loves his +younger brother Bob. The younger brother is driven to sea by the +cruelty of the squire, but on his return renews his acquaintance +with Sophia. He is informed of her unwilling betrothal to the elder +brother, who is already married to Violetta, but parted from her. +Violetta returns home in the same ship as Bob Belfield, becomes +reconciled to her husband, and the younger brother marries +Sophia.--Rich. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ (1769). + +BEL'FORD, a friend of Lovelace (2 _syl_.). They made a covenant +to pardon every sort of liberty which they took with each +other.--Richardson, _Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749). + +_Belford (Major)_, the friend of colonel Tamper, and the plighted +hnsband of Mdlle. Florival.--G. Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_ +(1762). + +BELGE (2 _syl_.), the mother of seventeen sons. She applied to queen +Mercilla for aid against Geryon'eo, who had deprived her of all her +offspring except five.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10 (1596). + +[Illustration] "Beige" is Holland, the "seventeen sons" are the +seventeen provinces which once belonged to her; "Geryoneo" is Philip +II. of Spain; and "Mercilla" is queen Elizabeth. + +BELIAL, sons of, in the Bible _passim_ means the lewd and profligate. +Milton has created the personality of Belial: + + Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd + Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love + Vice for itself. To him no temple stood + Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he + In temples, and at altars, when the priest + Tarns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled + With lust and violence the house of God? + In courts and palaces he also reigns, + And in luxurious cities, where the noise + Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers + And injury and outrage; and when night + Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons + Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 490 + + On the other side up rose + Belial, in act more graceful and humane; + A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed + For dignity composed, and high exploit. + But all was false and hollow; though his tongue. + Dropt manna, and could make the worse appear + The better reason, to perplex and dash + Maturest counsels; for his thoughts were low + To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds + Timorous and slothful. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 108. + +BELIA'NIS OF GREECE _(Don)_, the hero of an old romance of chivalry +on the model of _Am'adis de Gaul_. It was one of the books in don +Quixote's library, but was not one of those burnt by the cure as +pernicious and worthless. + +"Don Belianis," said the curé, "with its two, three, and four parts, +hath need of a dose of rhubarb to purge off that mass of bile with +which he is inflamed. His Castle of Fame and other impertinences +should be totally obliterated. This done, we would show him lenity in +proportion as we found him capable of reform. Take don Belianis +home with you, and keep him in close confinement."--Cervantes, _Don +Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605). + +BELINDA, niece and companion of lady John Brute. Young, pretty, full +of fun, and possessed of £10,000. Heartfree marries her.--Vanbrugh, +_The Provoked Wife_ (1697). + +_Belin'da_, the heroine of Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. This mock heroic +is founded on the following incident:--Lord Petre cut a lock of hair +from the head of Miss Arabella Fermor, and the young lady resented the +liberty as an unpardonable affront. The poet says Belinda wore on her +neck two curls, one of which the baron cut off with a pair of scissors +borrowed of Clarissa, and when Belinda angrily demanded that it should +be delivered up, it had flown to the skies and become a meteor there. +(See BERENICE.) + +_Belinda_, daughter of Mr. Blandford, in love with Beverley the +brother of Clarissa. Her father promised sir William Bellmont that +she should marry his son George, but George was already engaged +to Clarissa. Belinda was very handsome, very independent, most +irreproachable, and devotedly attached to Beverley. When he hinted +suspicions of infidelity, she was too proud to deny their truth, but +her pure and ardent love instantly rebuked her for giving her lover +causeless pain.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761). + +_Belin'da_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth's novel of the same name. +The object of the tale is to make the reader _feel_ what is good, and +pursue it (1803). + +_Belin'da_, a lodging-house servant-girl, very poor, very dirty, +very kind-hearted, and shrewd in observation. She married, and Mr. +Middlewick the butter-man set her husband up in business in the butter +line.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875). + +BELINE (2 _syl_.), second wife of Argan the _malade imaginaire_, and +step-mother of Angelique, whom she hates. Beline pretends to love +Argan devotedly, humors him in all his whims, calls him "mon fils," +and makes him believe that if he were to die it would be the death of +her. Toinette induces Argan to put these specious protestations to the +test by pretending to be dead. He does so, and when Beline enters the +room, instead of deploring her loss, she cries in ecstasy: + +"Le ciel en soit loué! Me voilà délivrée d'un pesant fardeau!... de +quoi servait-il sur la terre? Un homme incommode à tout le monde, +malpropre, dégoûtant ... mouchant, toussant, crachant toujours, sans +esprit, ennuyeux, de manvaise humeur, fatiguant sans cesse les gens, +et grondant jour et nuit servantes et valets."--(iii. 18). + +She then proceeds to ransack the room for bonds, leases, and money; +but Argan starts up and tells her she has taught him one useful lesson +for life at any rate.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673). + +BELISA'RIUS, the greatest of Justinian's generals. Being accused of +treason, he was deprived of all his property, and his eyes were put +out. In this state he retired to Constantinople, where he lived by +begging. The story says he fastened a label to his hat, containing +these words, "_Give an obolus to poor old Belisarius_." Marmontel has +written a tale called _Belisaire_, which has helped to perpetuate +these fables, originally invented by Tzetzês or Caesios, a Greek poet, +born at Constantinople in 1120. + +BÉLISE (2 _syl_.), sister of Philaminte (3 _syl_.), and, like her, +a _femme savante_. She imagines that every one is in love with +her.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672). + +BELL (_Adam_), a wild, north-country outlaw, noted, like Robin Hood, +for his skill in archery. His place of residence was Englewood Forest, +near Carlisle; and his two comrades were Clym of the Clough [_Clement +of the Cliff_] and William of Cloudesly (3 _syl_.). William was +married, but the other two were not. When William was captured at +Carlisle, and was led to execution, Adam and Clym rescued him, and +all three went to London to crave pardon of the king, which, at the +queen's intercession, was granted them. They then showed the king +specimens of their skill in archery, and the king was so well pleased +that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the two others yeomen of +the bedchamber.--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Adam Bell," etc.), I. ii. I. + +_Bell_. Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronté assumed the _noms de plume_ +of Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell (first half of the nineteenth +century). Currer Bell or Bronté married the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls. +She was the author of _Jane Eyre_. + +It will be observed that the initial letter of both names is in every +case preserved throughout--_Acton_ (Anne), _Currer_ (Charlotte), +_Ellis_ (Emily), and _Bell_ (Bronté). + +_Bell_ (_Bessy_). Bessy Bell and Mary Gray were the daughters of two +country gentlemen near Perth. When the plague broke out in 1666 they +built for themselves a bower in a very romantic spot called Burn +Braes, to which they retired, and were supplied with food, etc., by a +young man who was in love with both of them. The young man caught +the plague, communicated it to the two young ladies, and all three +died.--Allan Eamsay, _Bessy Bell and Mary Gray_ (a ballad). + +_Bell (Peter)_, the subject of a "tale in verse" by Wordsworth. +Shelley wrote a burlesque upon it, entitled _Peter Bell the Third._ + +_Bell (The Old Chapel_) J. G. Saxe's poem under this title is founded +upon a legend of a boy, who, wandering in a churchyard, hears a +musical articulate murmur from a disused bell hidden by matted grass. + + Its very name and date concealed + Beneath a cankering crust. (1859.) + +BELL-THE-CAT, sobriquet of Archibald Douglas, great-earl of Angus, who +died in 1514. + +The mice, being much annoyed by the persecutions of a cat, resolved +that a bell should be hung about her neck to give notice of her +approach. The measure was agreed to in full council, but one of the +sager mice inquired, "Who would undertake to bell the cat?" When +Lauder told this fable to a council of Scotch nobles, met to declaim +against one Cochran, Archibald Douglas started up and exclaimed in +thunder, "I will;" and hence the sobriquet referred to.--Sir W. Scott, +_Tales of a Grandfather_, xxii. + +BELLA, sweet girl-cousin, the first love and life-long friend of the +hero of _Dream-Life_, by Ik Marvel. Re-visiting his native place after +years of foreign travel, he learns that Bella is dead, and goes to her +grave, where dry leaves are entangled in the long grass, "giving it a +ragged, terrible look" (1851). + +BELLA WILFER, a lovely, wilful, lively spoilt darling. She married +John Rokesmith (i.e., John Harmon).--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ +(1864). + +BELLAMY, a steady young man, looking out for a wife "capable of +friendship, love, and tenderness, with good sense enough to be easy, +and good nature enough to like him." He found his beau-ideal in +Jacintha, who had besides a fortune of £30,000.--Dr. Hoadly, _The +Suspicious Husband_ (1761). + +BELLA'RIO, the assumed name of Euphrasia, when she put on boy's +apparel that she might enter the service of prince Philaster, whom +she greatly loved.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster, or Love Lies +A-Bleeding_ (1622). + +BELLASTON (_Lady_), a profligate, from whom Tom Jones accepts support. +Her conduct and conversation may be considered a fair photograph of +the "beauties" of the court of George II.--Fielding, _History of Tom +Jones, a Foundling_ (1750). + + The character of Jones, otherwise a model of + generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled + with thoughtless dissipation, is unnecessarily degraded + by the nature of his intercourse with lady + Bellaston.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Fielding." + +BELLE CORDIERE (_La_), Louise Labé, who married Ennemond Perrin, a +wealthy rope-maker (1526-1566). + +BELLE CORISANDE (_La_), Diane comtesse de Gruiche et de Grammont +(1554-1620). + +BELLEFONTAINE _(Benedict)_, the wealthy farmer of Grande Pré [_Nova +Scotia_] and father of Evangeline. When the inhabitants of his village +were driven into exile, Benedict died of a broken heart as he was +about to embark, and was buried on the sea-shore.--Longfellow, +_Evangeline_ (1849). + +BEL'LENDEN (_Lady Margaret_), an old Tory lady, mistress of the Tower +of Tillietudlem. + +_Old major Miles Bellenden_, brother of lady Margaret. + +_Miss Edith Bellenden_, granddaughter of lady Margaret, betrothed to +lord Evendale, of the king's army, but in love with Morton (a leader +of the covenanters and the hero of the novel). After the death of +lord Evendale, who is shot by Balfour, Edith marries Morton, and this +terminates the tale.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles +II.). + +BELLERO'PHON was falsely accused by Antea, wife of Proetos, King of +Argos, and the enraged husband sent him to Lycia, to King Iobates, the +father of Antea, with sealed tablets, asking that the bearer might be +put to death. Iobates sent the youth on dangerous errands, but he came +off unharmed from all. Among other exploits he killed the Chimæra and +slew the Amazons. Later, he tried to mount to Olympus on the winged +horse Pegasus, but he fell and wandered about in melancholy madness +on the Aleian field until he died. This peculiar form of madness is +called _morbus Bellerophonteus_. Homer tells the story of Bellerophon +in the Iliad, Book VI. Milton alludes to him, _Paradise Lost_, VII. +15-20. Hawthorne has told the story of the Chimæra in _A Wonder Book._ + +BELLE'RUS is the name of a personage invented by Milton as the +supposed guardian of Land's End in Cornwall, the Bellerium of the +Romans. In questioning as to where the body of the drowned Lycidas +q.v. has been carried by the waves, he asks: + + Or whether thou to our moist vows denied + Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old. + +_Lycidas_, 159-60. + +BELLE'S STRATAGEM (_The_). The "belle" is Letitia Hardy, and her +stratagem was for the sake of winning the love of Doricourt, to whom +she had been betrothed. The very fact of being betrothed to Letitia +sets Doricourt against her, so she goes unknown to him to a +masquerade, where Doricourt falls in love with "the beautiful +stranger." In order to accomplish the marriage of his daughter, Mr. +Hardy pretends to be "sick unto death," and beseeches Doricourt to wed +Letitia before he dies. Letitia meets her betrothed in her masquerade +dress, and unbounded is the joy of the young man to find that "the +beautiful stranger" is the lady to whom he has been betrothed.--Mrs. +Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_ (1780). + +BELLE THE GIANT. It is said that the giant Belle mounted on his sorrel +horse at a place since called mount Sorrel. He leaped one mile, and +the spot on which he lighted was called Wanlip (one-leap); thence he +leaped a second mile, but in so doing "burst all" his girths, whence +the spot was called Burst-all; in the third leap he was killed, and +the spot received the name of Bellegrave. + +BELLEUR', companion of Pinac and Mirabel ("the wild goose"), of +stout blunt temper; in love with Rosalu'ra, a daughter of +Nantolet.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild Goose Chase_ (1652). + +BELL HAMLYN, young American girl, engaged to one man and in love with +another, in _Kismet_, by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher, 1877). + +BELLICENT, daughter of Gorloïs lord of Tintag'il and his wife Ygernê +or Igerna. As the widow married Uther the pen-dragon, and was then the +mother of king Arthur, it follows that Bellicent was half-sister of +Arthur. Tennyson in _Gareth and Lynette_ says that Bellicent was the +wife of Lot king of Orkney, and mother of Gaw'ain and Mordred, but +this is not in accordance either with the chronicle or the history, +for Geoffrey in his _Chronicle_ says that Lot's wife was Anne, the +sister (not half-sister) of Arthur (viii. 20, 21), and sir T. Malory, +in his _History of Prince Arthur_ says: + + King Lot of Lothan and Orkney wedded Margawse; + Nentres, of the land of Carlot, wedded + Elain; and that Morgan le Fay was [_Arthurs_] + third sister.--Pt. i. 2, 35, 36. + +BEL'LIN, the ram, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_. The word +means "gentleness" (1498). + +BELLINGHAM, a man about town.--D. Boucicault, _After Dark_. + +BEL'LISANT, sister of king Pepin of France, and wife of Alexander +emperor of Constantinople. Being accused of infidelity, the emperor +banished her, and she took refuge in a vast forest, where she became +the mother of Valentine and Orson.--_Valentine and Orson_. + +BELLMONT (_Sir William_), father of George Bellmont; tyrannical, +positive, and headstrong. He imagines it is the duty of a son to +submit to his father's will, even in the matter of matrimony. + +_George Bellmont_, son of sir William, in love with Clarissa, his +friend Beverley's sister; but his father demands of him to marry +Belinda Blandford, the troth-plight wife of Beverley. Ultimately all +comes right.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761). + +BELLO'NA'S HANDMAIDS, Blood, Fire, and Famine. + +The goddesse of warre, called Bellona, had these thre handmaids ever +attendynge on her: BLOOD, FIRE, and FAMINE, which thre damosels be +of that force and strength that every one of them alone is able and +sufficient to torment and afflict a proud prince; and they all joyned +together are of puissance to destroy the most populous country and +most richest region of the world.--Hall, _Chronicle_ (1530). + +BELLUM (_Master_), war. + + A difference [_is_] 'twixt broyles and bloudie warres,-- + Yet have I shot at Maister Bellum's butte, + And thrown his ball, although I toucht no tutte [_benefit_]. + +G. Gascoigne, _The Fruites of Warre_, 94 (died 1577). + +BELMONT (_Sir Robert_), a proud, testy, mercenary country gentleman; +friend of his neighbor, sir Charles Raymond. + +_Charles Belmont_, son of sir Robert, a young rake. He rescued +Fidelia, at the age of twelve, from the hands of Villard, a villain +who wanted to abuse her, and taking her to his own home, fell in +love with her, and in due time married her. She turns out to be the +daughter of sir Charles Raymond. + +_Rosetta Belmont_, daughter of sir Robert, high-spirited, witty, and +affectionate. She is in love with colonel Raymond, whom she delights +in tormenting.--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_ (1748). + +_Belmont_ (_Andrew_), the elder of two brothers, who married Violetta +(an English lady born in Lisbon), and deserted her. He then promised +marriage to Lucy Waters, the daughter of one of his tenants, but had +no intention of making her his wife. At the same time he engaged +himself to Sophia, the daughter of sir Benjamin Dove. The day of +the wedding arrived, and it was then discovered that he was married +already, and that Violetta his wife was actually present. + +_Robert Belmont_, the younger of the two brothers, in love with Sophia +Dove. He went to sea in a privateer under captain Ironside, his uncle, +and changed his name to Lewson. The vessel was wrecked on the Cornwall +coast, and he renewed his acquaintance with Sophia, but heard that she +was engaged in marriage to his brother. As, however, it was proved +that his brother was already married, the young lady willingly +abandoned the elder for the younger brother.--K. Cumberland, _The +Brothers_ (1769). + +BELMOUR (_Edward_), a gay young man about town.--Congreve, _The Old +Bachelor_ (1693). + +_Belmour (Mrs_.), a widow of "agreeable vivacity, entertaining +manners, quickness of transition from one thing to another, a feeling +heart, and a generosity of sentiment." She it is who shows Mrs. +Lovemore the way to keep her husband at home, and to make him treat +her with that deference which is her just due.--A. Murphy, _The Way to +Keep Him_ (1760). + +BELOVED DISCIPLE (_The_), St. John "the divine," and writer of the +fourth Gospel.--_John_ xiii. 23, etc. + +BELOVED PHYSICIAN (_The_), St. Luke the evangelist.--_Col._ iv. 14. + +BEL'PHEGOR, a Moabitish deity, whose orgies were celebrated on mount +Phegor, and were noted for their obscenity. + +BELPHOE'BE (3 _syl._). "All the Graces rocked her cradle when she was +born." Her mother was Chrysog'onê (4 _syl._), daughter of Amphisa of +fairy lineage, and her twin-sister was Amoretta. While the mother and +her babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and +Venus took the other. + +[Illustration] Belphoebe is the "Diana" among women, cold, +passionless, correct, and strong-minded. Amoret is the "Venus," but +without the licentiousness of that goddess, warm, loving, motherly, +and wifely. Belphoebê was a lily; Amoret a rose. Belphoebê a moonbeam, +light without heat; Amoret a sunbeam, bright and warm and life-giving. +Belphoebê would go to the battle-field, and make a most admirable +nurse or lady-conductor of an ambulance; but Amoret would prefer to +look after her husband and family, whose comfort would be her first +care, and whose love she would seek and largely reciprocate.--See +Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. vi. (1590). + +[Illustration] "Belphoebê" is queen Elizabeth. As _queen_ she is +Gloriana, but as _woman_ she is Belphoebê, the beautiful and chaste. + + Either Grloriana let her choose, + Or in Belphoebe fashioned to be; + + In one her rule, in the other her rare chastitie. + + Spenser, _Faery Queen_ (introduction to bk. iii.). + +BELTED WILL, lord William Howard, warden of the western marches +(1563-1640). + + His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt, + Hung in a broad and studded belt; + Hence in rude phrase the Borderers still + Called noble Howard "Belted Will." + + Sir W. Scott. + +BELTEN'EBROS (4 _syl._). Amadis of Graul assumes the name when he +retires to the Poor Rock, after receiving a cruel letter from Oria'na +his lady-love.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de Gaul_, ii. 6 (before +1400). + + One of the most distinguishing testimonies + which that hero gave of his fortitude, constancy, + and love, was his retiring to the Poor Rock when + in disgrace with his mistress Oriana, to do penance + under the name of _Beltenebros_ or the _Lovely + Obscure._--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 11 (1605). + +BELVIDE'RA, daughter of Priu'li a senator of Venice. She was saved +from the sea by Jaffier, eloped with him, and married him. Her father +then discarded her, and her husband joined the conspiracy of Pierre to +murder the senators. He tells Belvidera of the plot, and Belvidera, +in order to save her father, persuades Jaffier to reveal the plot to +Priuli, if he will promise a general free pardon. Priuli gives the +required promise, but notwithstanding, all the conspirators, except +Jaffier, are condemned to death by torture. Jaffier stabs Pierre to +save him from the dishonor of the wheel, and then kills himself. +Belvidera goes mad and dies.--Otway, _Venice Preserved_ (1682). + +BEN [LEGEND], sir Sampson Legend's younger son, a sailor and +a "sea-wit," in whose composition there enters no part of the +conventional generosity and open frankness of a British tar. His slang +phrase is "D'ye see," and his pet oath "Mess!"--W. Congreve, _Love for +Love_ (1695). I cannot agree with the following sketch:-- + + +What is _Ben_--the pleasant sailor which Bannister gives us--but a +piece of satire ... a dreamy combination of all the accidents of a +sailor's character, his contempt of money, his credulity to women, +with that necessary estrangement from home?... We never think the +worse of Ben for it, or feel it as a stain upon his character.--C. +Lamb. + +C. Dibdin says: "If the description of Thom. Doggett's performance of +this character be correct, the part has certainly never been performed +since to any degree of perfection." + + +BEN BOLT, old schoolmate with whom Thomas Dunn English exchanges +reminiscences in the ballad, _Ben Bolt_, beginning: + + Don't you remember sweet Alice, Ben Bolt? + Sweet Alice, whose hair was so brown; + Who wept with delight when you gave her a smile, + And trembled with fear at your frown. (1845.) + +BEN-HUR, a young Jew, who, for accidentally injuring a Roman soldier, +is condemned to the galleys for life. Escaping, after three years of +servitude, through the favor of Arrius, a Roman Tribune, he seeks his +mother and sister to find both lepers. They are healed by Christ, +whose devoted followers they become.--Lew Wallace, _Ben-Hur: A Tale of +the Christ_ (1880). + +BEN ISRAEL (_Nathan_) or NATHAN BEN SAMUEL, the physician and friend +of Isaac the Jew.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +BEN JOC'HANAN, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden +and Tate, is meant for the Rev. Samuel Johnson, who suffered much +persecution for his defence of the right of private judgment. + + Let Hebron, nay, let hell produce a man + So made for mischief as Ben Jochanan. + A Jew of humble parentage was he, + By trade a Levite, though of low degree. + + Part ii. + +BENAI'AH (3 _syl_.), in _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for general +George Edward Sackville. As Benaiah, captain of David's guard, adhered +to Solomon against Adonijah, so general Sackville adhered to the duke +of York against the prince of Orange (1590-1652). + + Nor can Benaiah's worth forgotten lie, + Of steady soul when public storms were high. + + Dryden and Tate, part ii. + +BENAS'KAR or BENNASKAR, a wealthy merchant and magician of +Delhi.--James Ridley, _Tales of the Genii_ ("History of Mahoud," tale +vii., 1751). + +BENBOW (_Admiral_). In an engagement with the French near St. Martha +on the Spanish coast in 1701, admiral Benbow had his legs and thighs +shivered into splinters by chain-shot, but supported in a wooden frame +he remained on the quarter-deck till morning, when Du Casse sheered +off. + +Similar acts of heroism are recorded of Almeyda, the Portuguese +governor of India, of Cynaegiros brother of the poet AEschylos, of +Jaafer the standard-bearer of "the prophet" in the battle of Muta, and +of some others. + +_Benbow_, an idle, generous, free-and-easy sot, who spent a good +inheritance in dissipation, and ended life in the workhouse. + + Benbow, a boon companion, long approved + By jovial sets, and (as he thought) beloved, + Was judged as one to joy and friendship prone, + And deemed injurious to himself alone. + + Crabbe, _Borough_, xvi. (1810). + +BEND-THE-BOW, an English archer at Dickson's cottage.--Sir W. Scott, +_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +BENEDICK, a wild, witty, and light-hearted young lord of Padua, who +vowed celibacy, but fell in love with Beatrice and married her. It +fell out thus: He went on a visit to Leonato, governor of Messina; +here he sees Beatrice, the governor's niece, as wild and witty as +himself, but he dislikes her, thinks her pert and forward, and +somewhat ill-mannered withal. However, he hears Claudio speaking to +Leonata about Beatrice, saying how deeply she loves Benedick, and +bewailing that so nice a girl should break her heart with unrequited +love. This conversation was a mere ruse, but Benedick believed it to +be true, and resolved to reward the love of Beatrice with love and +marriage. It so happened that Beatrice had been entrapped by a similar +conversation which she had overheard from her cousin Hero. The end +was they sincerely loved each other, and became man and +wife.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600). BENEDICT +[BELLEFONTAINE], the wealthiest farmer of Grand Pré, in Acadia, father +of Evangeline ("the pride of the village"). He was a stalwart man +of seventy, hale as an oak, but his hair was white as snow. Colonel +Winslow in 1713 informed the villagers of Grand Pré that the French +had formally ceded their village to the English, that George II. now +confiscated all their lands, houses, and cattle, and that the people, +amounting to nearly 2000, were to be "exiled into other lands +without delay." The people assembled on the sea-shore; old Benedict +Bellefontaine sat to rest himself, and fell dead in a fit. The old +priest buried him in the sand, and the exiles left their village homes +forever.--Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1849). + +BEN'ENGEL'I (_Cid Hamet_), the hypothetical Moorish chronicler from +whom Cervantês pretends he derived the account of the adventures of +don Quixote. + + +The Spanish commentators ... have discovered that _cid Hamet +Benengeli_ is after all no more than an Arabic version of the name +of Cervantês himself. _Hamet_ is a Moorish prefix, and _Benengeli_ +signifies "son of a stag," in Spanish _Cervanteno._--Lockhart. + + +_Benengeli_ (_Cid Hamet_), Thomas Babington lord Macaulay. His +signature in his _Fragment of an Ancient Romance_ (1826). (See Cid, +etc.) + +BENEV'OLUS, in Cowper's _Task_, is John Courtney Throckmorton, of +Weston Underwood. + +BENJAMIN PENGUILLAN. _The Pioneers_, by J. F. Cooper. A servant in the +family of Judge Temple. His sobriquet is "Ben Pump." (1823.) + +BENJIE _(Little)_, or Benjamin Colthred, a spy employed by Cristal +Nixon, the agent of Redgauntlet.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.). + +BEN'NET _(Brother)_, a monk at St. Mary's convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Ben'net (Mrs.)_, a demure, intriguing woman in _Amelia_, a novel by +Fielding (1751). + +BEN'OITON _(Madame)_, a woman who has been the ruin of the family by +neglect. In the "famille Benoiton" the constant question was "_Où +est Madame?_" and the invariable answer "_Elle est sortie_" At the +_dénouement_ the question was asked again, and the answer was varied +thus, "Madam has been at home, but is gone out again."--_La Famille +Benoiton_. + +BEN'SHEE, the domestic spirit or demon of certain Irish families. The +benshee takes an interest in the prosperity of the family to which +it is attached, and intimates to it approaching disaster or death by +wailings or shrieks. The Scotch Bodach Glay or "grey spectre" is a +similar spirit. Same as _Banshee_ (which see). + + How oft has the Benshee cried! + How oft has death untied + Bright links that glory wove, + Sweet bonds entwined by love! + + T. Moore, _Irish Melodies_, ii. + +BENVO'LIO, nephew to Montague, and Romeo's friend. A testy, litigious +fellow, who would quarrel about goat's wool or pigeon's milk. Mercutio +says to him, "Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing in the +street, because he hath wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the +sun" (act iii. sc. 1),--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598). + +BEOWULF, the name of an Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the sixth century. It +received its name from Beowulf, who delivered Hrothgar king of Denmark +from the monster Grrendel. This Grendel was half monster and half man, +and night after night stole into the king's palace called Heorot, and +slew sometimes as many as thirty of the sleepers at a time. Beowulf +put himself at the head of a mixed band of warriors, went against the +monster and slew it. This epic is very Ossianic in style, is full of +beauties, and is most interesting.--_Kemble's Translation._ + +(A.D. Wackerbarth published in 1849 a metrical translation of this +Anglo-Saxon poem, of considerable merit.) + +BEPPO. Byron's _Beppo_ is the husband of Laura, a Venetian lady. He +was taken captive in Troy, turned Turk, joined a band of pirates, grew +rich, and after several years returned to his native land. He found +his wife at a carnival ball with a _cavaliero_, made himself known +to her, and they lived together again as man and wife. (Beppo is a +contraction of _Guiseppe_, as Joe is of _Joseph_, 1820.) + +_Beppo_, in _Fra Diavolo_, an opera by Auber (1836). + +BERALDE (2 _syl._), brother of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. He tells +Argan that his doctors will confess this much, that the cure of a +patient is a very minor consideration with them, "_toute l'excellence +de leur art consiste en un pompeux galimatias, en un spécieux babil, +qui vous donne des mots pour des raisons, et des promesses pour des +effets._" Again he says, "_presque tous les hommes meurent de leur +remèdes et non pas de leurs maladies_." He then proves that Argan's +wife is a mere hypocrite, while his daughter is a true-hearted, +loving girl; and he makes the invalid join in the dancing and singing +provided for his cure.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673). +BERCH'TA ("_the white lady_"), a fairy of southern Germany, answering +to Hulda ("the gracious lady") of northern Germany. After the +introduction of Christianity, Berchta lost her first estate and lapsed +into a bogie. + +BERECYNTHIAN GODDESS (_The_). Cybelê is so called from mount +Berecyntus, in Phrygia, where she was held in especial adoration. She +is represented as crowned with turrets, and holding keys in her hand. + + Her helmèd head + Rose like the Berecynthian goddess crowned + With towers. + + Southey, _Roderick, etc._, ii. (1814). + +BERECYN'THIAN HERO (_The_), Midas king of Phyrgia, so called from +mount Berecyn'tus (4 _syl_.), in Phrygia. + + +BERENGA'RIA, queen-consort of Richard Coeur de Lion, introduced in +_The Talisman_, a novel by sir W. Scott (1825). Berengaria died 1230. + +BERENGER (_Sir Raymond_), an old Norman warrior, living at the castle +of Garde Doloureuse. + +_The lady Eveline_, sir Raymond's daughter, betrothed to sir Hugo de +Lacy. Sir Hugo cancels his own betrothal in favor of his nephew (sir +Damian de Lacy), who marries the lady Eveline, "the betrothed."--Sir +W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +BERENI'CE (4 _syl_.), sister-wife of Ptolemy III. She vowed to +sacrifice her hair to the gods if her husband returned home the +vanquisher of Asia. On his return, she suspended her hair in the +temple of the war-god, but it was stolen the first night, and Conon of +Samos told the king that the winds had carried it to heaven, where +it still forms the seven stars near the tail of Leo, called _Coma +Berenices_. + +Pope, in _his Rape of the Lock_, has borrowed this fable to account +for the lock of hair cut from Belinda's head, the restoration of which +the young lady insisted upon. + +_Bereni'ce_ (4 _syl_.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Agrippa. She +married Herod king of Chalcis, then Polemon king of Cilicia, and then +went to live with Agrippa II. her brother. Titus fell in love with her +and would have married her, but the Romans compelled him to renounce +the idea, and a separation took place. Otway (1672) made this the +subject of a tragedy called _Titus and Berenicê_; and Jean Racine +(1670), in his tragedy of _Bérénice_, has made her a sort of Henriette +d'Orleans. + +(Henriette d'Orleans, daughter of Charles I. of England, married +Philippe due d'Orléans, brother of Louis XIV. She was brilliant in +talent and beautiful in person, but being neglected by her husband, +she died suddenly after drinking a cup of chocolate, probably +poisoned.) + +_Berenice_, heroine of a tragic-comic fantasy by Edgar Allan Poe, +in which Berenice's teeth hold a position as conspicuous as ghastly +(1845). + +BERINGHEN (_The Sieur de_), an old gourmand, who preferred patties to +treason; but cardinal Richelieu banished him from France, saying: + + Sleep not another night in Paris, + Or else your precious life may be in danger. + + Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839). + +BERIN'THIA, cousin of Amanda; a beautiful young widow attached to +colonel Townly. In order to win him she plays upon his jealousy by +coquetting with Loveless.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777). + +BERKE'LEY (_The Old Woman of_), a woman whose life had been very +wicked. On her death-bed she sent for her son who was a monk, and for +her daughter who was a nun, and bade them put her in a strong stone +coffin, and to fasten the coffin to the ground with strong bands of +iron. Fifty priests and fifty choristers were to pray and sing over +her for three days, and the bell was to toll without ceasing. The +first night passed without much disturbance. The second night the +candles burnt blue and dreadful yells were heard outside the church. +But the third night the devil broke into the church and carried off +the old woman on his black horse.--R. Southey, _The Old Woman of +Berkeley_ (a ballad from Olaus Magnus). + + +Dr. Sayers pointed out to us in conversation a story related by Olaus +Magnus of a witch whose coffin was confined by three chains, but +nevertheless was carried off by demons. Dr. Sayers had made a +ballad on the subject; so had I; but after seeing _The Old Woman of +Berkeley_, we awarded it the preference.--W. Taylor. + + +BERKE'LY (_The lady Augusta_), plighted to sir John de Walton, +governor of Douglas Castle. She first appears under the name of +Augustine, disguised as the son of Bertram the minstrel, and the novel +concludes with her marriage to De Walton, to whom Douglas Castle had +been surrendered.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +BERKSHIRE LADY (_The_), Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of sir William +Kendrick, second baronet; his father was created baronet by Charles +II. The line, "Faint heart never won fair lady," was the advice of a +friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of the +lady.--_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245. + +BERNARD. Solomon Bernard, engraver of Lions (sixteenth century), +called _Le petit Bernard_. Claud Bernard of Dijon, the philanthropist +(1588-1641), is called _Poor Bernard._ Pierre Joseph Bernard, the +French poet (1710-1755), is called _Le gentil Bernard._ + +_Bernard_, an ass; in Italian _Bernardo_. In the beast-epic called +_Reynard the Fox_, the _sheep_ is called "Bernard," and the _ass_ is +"Bernard l'archipêtre" (1498). + +BERNARD LANGDON, fine young fellow of the "Brahmin Caste," who teaches +school while preparing for a profession.--Oliver Wendell Holmes, +_Elsie Venner_ (1861). + +BERNAR'DO, an officer in Denmark, to whom the ghost of the +murdured king appeared during the night-watch at the royal +castle.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596). + +BERNARDO DEL CARPIO, one of the favorite subjects of the old Spanish +minstrels. The other two were _The Cid_ and _Lara's Seven Infants_. +Bernardo del Carpio was the person who assailed Orlando (or Rowland) +at Roncesvalles, and finding him invulnerable, took him up in his arms +and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did Antae'os.--Cervantes, _Don +Quixote_, II. ii. 13 (1615). + +[Illustration] The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of the +foot. + +BERSER'KER, grandson of the eight-handed Starka'der and the beautiful +Alfhil'de. He was so called because he wore "no shirt of mail," but +went to battle unharnessed. He married the daughter of Swaf'urlam, and +had twelve sons. (_Baer-syrce_, Anglo-Saxon, "bare of shirt;" Scotch, +"bare-sark.") + + +You say that I am a Berserker, and ... bare-sark I go to-morrow to the +war, and bare-sark I win that war or die.--Rev. C. Kingsley, _Hereward +the Wake_, i. 247. + + +BERTHA, the supposed daughter of Vandunke (2 _syl_.), burgomaster of +Bruges, and mistress of Goswin, a rich merchant of the same city. In +reality. Bertha is the duke of Brabant's daughter _Gertrude_, and +Goswin is _Florez_, son of Gerrard king of the beggars.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Beggars' Bush_ (1622). + +_Ber'tha_, daughter of Burkhard duke of the Alemanni, and wife of +Rudolf II. king of Burgundy beyond Jura. She is represented on +monuments of the time as sitting on her throne spinning. + + Yon are the beautiful Bertha the Spinner, the queen of Helvetia; ... + Who as she rode on her palfrey o'er valley, and meadow, and mountain, + Ever was spinning her thread from the distaff fixed to her saddle. + She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb. + + Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, viii. + +_Bertha, alias_ AGATHA, the betrothed of Hereward (3 _syl_.), one of +the emperor's Varangian guards. The novel concludes with Hereward +enlisting under the banner of count Robert, and marrying Bertha.--Sir +W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +_Ber'tha_, the betrothed of John of Leyden. When she went with her +mother to ask count Oberthal's permission to marry, the count resolved +to make his pretty vassal his mistress, and confined her in his +castle. She made her escape and went to Munster, intending to set fire +to the palace of "the prophet," who, she thought, had caused the +death of her lover. Being seized and brought before the prophet, she +recognized in him her lover, and exclaiming, "I loved thee once, but +now my love is turned to hate," stabbed herself and died.--Meyerbeer, +_Le Prophète_ (an opera, 1849). + +BERTHA AMORY, wife of Richard Amory and used by him in political +intrigues, in _Through One Administration_, by Francis Hodgson +Burnett. Secretly, and against her will, in love with Trevannion, an +army officer whom she has known from childhood (1883). + +BERTHE AN GRAND-PIED, mother of Charlemagne, so called from a +club-foot. + +BERTIE CECIL, noble young Englishman who assumes his brother's crime +to save the family name, and exiles himself as a soldier in the French +army of Algiers. Eventually his fame is cleared and he returns to +England as lord Royalieu.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_. + +BERTIE THE LAMB, professional dude, with a heart yet softer than his +head, in _The Henrietta_, a play of New York life, by Bronson Howard. +Stuart Robson's impersonation of "Bertie" is without a flaw (1887). + +BERTOLDE (3 _syl_.), the hero of a little _jeu d'esprit_ in Italian +prose by Julio Cæsare Crocê (2 _syl_.). He is a comedian by +profession, whom nothing astonishes. He is as much at his ease with +kings and queens as with those of his own rank. Hence the phrase +_Imperturbable as Bertolde_, meaning "never taken by surprise," "never +thrown off one's guard," "never disconcerted." + +BERTOLDO _(Prince)_, a knight of Malta, and brother of Roberto king of +the two Sicilies. He was in love with Cami'ola "the maid of honor," +but could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While +matters were at this crisis, Bertoldo laid siege to Sienna, and was +taken prisoner. Camiola paid his ransom, but before he was released +the duchess Aurelia requested him to be brought before her. As soon +as the duchess saw him, she fell in love with him, and offered him +marriage, and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The +betrothed then presented themselves before the king. Here Camiola +exposed the conduct of the knight; Roberto was indignant; +Aurelia rejected her _fiancé_ with scorn; and Camiola took the +veil.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637). + +_Bertol'do_, the chief character of a comic romance called _Vita di +Bertoldo_, by Julio Cesare Crocê, who flourished in the sixteenth +century. It recounts the successful exploits of a clever but ugly +peasant, and was for two centuries as popular in Italy as _Robinson +Crusoe_ is in England. Same as, _Bertolde_ and _Bartoldo_. + +BERTOLDO'S SON, Rinaldo.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +BERTRAM _(Baron)_, one of Charlemagne's paladins. + +_Ber'tram_, count of Rousillon. While on a visit to the king of +France, Helena, a physician's daughter, cured the king of a. disorder +which had baffled the court physicians. For this service the king +promised her for husband any one she chose to select, and her choice +fell on Bertram. The haughty count married her, it is true, but +deserted her at once, and left for Florence, where he joined the +duke's army. It so happened that Helena also stopped at Florence while +on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. In Florence +she lodged with a widow whose daughter Diana, was wantonly loved by +Bertram. Helena obtained permission to receive his visits in lieu of +Diana, and in one of these visits exchanged rings with him. Soon after +this the count went on a visit to his mother, where he saw the king, +and the king observing on his finger the ring he had given to Helena, +had him arrested on the suspicion of murder. Helena now came +forward to explain matters, and all was well, for all ended +well.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598). + + +I cannot reconcile my heart to "Bertram," a man noble without +generosity, and young without truth; who marries Helena as a coward, +and leaves her as a profligate. When she is dead by his unkindness he +sneaks home to a second marriage, is accused by a woman whom he +has wronged, defends himself by falsehood, and is dismissed to +happiness.--Dr. Johnson. + + +_Bertram_ (_Sir Stephen_), an austere merchant, very just but not +generous. Fearing lest his son should marry the sister of his clerk +(Charles Ratcliffe), he dismissed Ratcliffe from his service, and +being then informed that the marriage had already taken place, he +disinherited his son. Sheva the Jew assured him that the lady had +£10,000 for her fortune, so he relented. At the last all parties were +satisfied. + +_Frederick Bertram_, only son of sir Stephen; he marries Miss +Ratcliffe clandestinely, and incurs thereby his father's displeasure, +but the noble benevolence of Sheva the Jew brings about a +reconciliation and opens sir Bertram's eyes to "see ten thousand +merits," a grace for every pound.--Cumberland, _The Jew_ (1776). + +_Ber'tram_ (_Count_), an outlaw, who becomes the leader of a band of +robbers. Being wrecked on the coast of Sicily, he is conveyed to the +castle of lady Imogine, and in her he recognizes an old sweetheart to +whom in his prosperous days he was greatly attached. Her husband (St. +Aldobrand), who was away at first, returning unexpectedly is murdered +by Bertram; Imogine goes mad and dies; and Bertram puts an end to his +own life.--C. Maturin, _Bertram_ (1782-1825). + +_Bertram_ (_Mr. Godfrey_), the laird of Ellangowan. + +_Mrs. Bertram_, his wife. + +_Harry Bertram, alias_ captain Vanbeest Brown, _alias_ Dawson, _alias_ +Dudley, son of the laird, and heir to Ellangowan. Harry Bertram is in +love with Julia Mannering, and the novel concludes with his taking +possession of the old house at Ellangowan and marrying Julia. + +_Lucy Bertram_, sister of Harry Bertram. She marries Charles +Hazlewood, son of sir Robert Hazlewood, of Hazlewood. + +_Sir Allen Bertram_, of Ellangowan, an ancestor of Mr. Godfrey +Bertram. + +_Dennis Bertram, Donohoe Bertram_, and _Lewis Bertram_, ancestors of +Mr. Godfrey Bertram. + +_Captain Andrew Bertram_, a relative of the family.--Sir W. Scott, +_Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +_Bertram_, the English minstrel, and guide of lady Augusta Berkely; +when in disguise she calls herself the minstrel's son.--Sir W. Scott, +_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +_Ber'tram_, one of the conspirators against the republic of Venice. +Having "a hesitating softness, fatal to a great enterprise," he +betrayed the conspiracy to the senate.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_ +(1819). + +BERTRA'MO, the fiend-father of Robert le Diable. After alluring his +son to gamble away all his property, he meets him near St. Ire'nê, +and Hel'ena seduces him to join in "the Dance of Love." When at last +Bertramo comes to claim his victim, he is resisted by Alice (the +duke's foster-sister), who reads to Robert his mother's will. +Being thus reclaimed, angels celebrate the triumph of good over +evil.--Meyerbeer, _Roberto il Diavolo_ (an opera, 1831). + +BERTRAND, a simpleton and a villain. He is the accomplice of Robert +Macaire, a libertine of unblushing impudence, who sins without +compunction.--Daumier, _L'Auberge des Adrets._ + +BERTRAND DU GUESLIN, a romance of chivalry, reciting the adventures of +this connétable de France, in the reign of Charles V. + +_Bertrand du Gueslin in prison._ The prince of Wales went to visit his +captive Bertrand, and asking him how he fared, the Frenchman replied, +"Sir, I have heard the mice and the rats this many a day, but it is +long since I heard the song of birds," _i.e._ I have been long a +captive and have not breathed the fresh air. + +The reply of Bertrand du Gueslin calls to mind that of Douglas, called +"The Good sir James," the companion of Robert Bruce, "It is better, I +ween, to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep," _i.e._ It is better +to keep the open field than to be shut up in a castle. + +BERTULPHE (2 _syl_.), provost of Bruges, the son of a serf. By his +genius and energy he became the richest, most honored, and most +powerful man in Bruges. His arm was strong in fight, his wisdom swayed +the council, his step was proud, and his eye untamed. He had one +child, most dearly beloved, the bride of sir Bouchard, a knight of +noble descent. Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law (1127) +that whoever married a serf should become a serf, and that serfs were +serfs till manumission. By these absurd decrees Bertulphe the provost, +his daughter Constance, and his knightly son-in-law were all serfs. +The result was that the provost slew the earl and then himself, his +daughter went mad and died, and Bouchard was slain in fight.--S. +Knowles, _The Provost of Bruges_ (1836). + +BER'WINE (2 _syl_.), the favorite attendant of lady Er'mengarde +(3 _syl_.) of Baldringham, great-aunt of lady Eveline "the +betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +BER'YL MOL'OZANE (3 _syl_.), the lady-love of George Geith. All +beauty, love, and sunshine. She has a heart for every one, is ready +to help every one, and is by every one beloved, yet her lot is most +painfully unhappy, and ends in an early death.--F.G. Trafford [J.H. +Riddell], _George Geith_. + +BESO'NIAN (_A_), a scoundrel. From the Italian, _bisognoso_, "a needy +person, a beggar." + + +Proud lords do tumble from the towers of their high descents; and be +trod under feet of every inferior besonian.--Thomas Nash, _Pierce +Pennylesse, His Supplication, etc._ (1592). + + +BESS (_Good queen_), Elizabeth (1533, 1558-1603). + +_Bess_, the daughter of the "blind beggar of Bethnal Green," a lady by +birth, a sylph for beauty, an angel for constancy and sweetness. She +was loved to distraction by Wilford, and it turned out that he was +the son of lord Woodville, and Bess the daughter of lord Woodville's +brother; so they were cousins. Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their +nuptials, and took them under her own especial conduct.--S. Knowles, +_The Beggar of Bethnal Green_ (1834). + +BESS O' BEDLAM, a female lunatic vagrant, the male lunatic vagrant +being called a _Tom o' Bedlam_. + +BESSUS, governor of Bactria, who seized Dari'us (after the battle +of Arbe'la) and put him to death. Arrian says, Alexander caused the +nostrils of the regicide to be slit, and the tips of his ears to be +cut off. The offender being then sent to Ecbat'ana, in chains, was put +to death. + + Lo! Bessus, he that armde with murderer's knyfe + And traytrous hart agaynst his royal king, + With bluddy hands bereft his master's life. + What booted him his false usurped raygne. + When like a wretche led in an iron chayne, + He was presented by his chiefest friende + Unto the foes of him whom he had slayne? + + T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ + ("The Complaynt," 1587). + +_Bes'sus_ a cowardly bragging captain, a sort of Bobadil or Vincent de +la Rosa. Captain Bessus, having received a challenge, wrote word back +that he could not accept the honor for thirteen weeks, as he had +already 212 duels on hand, but he was much grieved that he could not +appoint an earlier day.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _King and No King_ +(1619). + + Rochester I despise for want of wit. + So often does he aim, so seldom hit ... + Mean in each action, lewd in every limb, + Manners themselves are mischievous in him ... + For what a Bessus has he always lived! + +Dryden, _Essay upon Satire_. + +BETH MARCH, the third and gentlest sister in Louisa M. Alcott's novel +"_Little Women_" (1868). + +BETSEY, the wife in Will Carleton's farm ballad, _Betsey and I are +Out_. In dictating to a lawyer the terms of separation, the farmer +reminds himself of the many excellent points of the offending spouse, +and how "she and I was happy before we quarrelled so." + + And when she dies, I wish that she would be laid by me, + And, lyin' together in silence, perhaps we will agree; + And, if ever we meet in heaven I wouldn't think it queer + If we loved each other better because we quarrelled here. + + (1873.) + +BETSEY BOBBET, the sentimental spinster who wears out the patience of +Josiah Allen's wife with poetry and opinions. + +"She is fairly activ' to make a runnin' vine of herself.... It seems +strange to me that them that preach up the doctrine of woman's +only spear don't admire one who carries it out to its full +extent."--Marietta Holley, _My Opinions and Betsey Bobbet's_ (1872). + +BETTINA WARD, a Southern girl, poor and proud, in Constance Fenimore +Woolson's story of _Rodman the Keeper_. "A little creature that fairly +radiated scorn at thought of receiving charity from a Yankee" (1880). + +BETTY DOXY, Captain Macheath says to her, "Do you drink as hard as +ever? You had better stick to good wholesome beer; for, in troth, +Betty, strong waters will in time ruin your constitution. You should +leave those to your betters."--Gray, _The Beggar's Opera_, ii. 1 +(1727). + +BETTY FOY, "the idiot mother of an idiot boy "--W. Wordsworth +(1770-1850). + +BETTY [HINT], servant in the family of sir Pertinax and lady +McSycophant. She is a sly, prying tale-bearer, who hates Constantia +(the beloved of Egerton McSycophant), simply because every one else +loves her.--C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764). + +BETTY LEICESTER, "vivacious, whole-souled girl of the period," whose +summer residence in a New England village introduces elements of +fuller and sweeter life. A home-missionary of the better sort.--Sarah +Orne Jewett, _Betty Leicester_ (1889). + +BEULAH, a poor girl taken from an orphan asylum and brought up in a +family of refinement and education. She develops strong traits of +character and much intellectual ability. Her long struggles through +the mists of rationalism result in clear views of and high faith in +revealed religion. Her guardian, and long her teacher, loves her, and +after years of waiting, wins her. + +"Have you learned that fame is an icy shadow?" he asks upon his return +from the protracted wanderings that have taught both how much they +need one another. "That gratified ambition cannot make you happy? Do +you love me?" + +"Yes." + +"Better than teaching school and writing learned articles?" + +"Rather better, I believe, sir." + +_Beulah_, a novel by Augusta Evans Wilson (1859). + +BEUVES (1 _syl_.), or BUO'VO OF AY'GREMONT, father of Malagigi, and +uncle of Rinaldo. Treacherously slain by Ga'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +BEUVES DE HANTONE, French form for Bevis of Southampton (_q.v._). +"Hantone" is a French corruption of Southampton. + +BEV'AN (_Mr._), an American physician, who befriends Martin Chuzzlewit +and Mark Tapley in many ways during their stay in the New World.--C. +Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +BEV'ERLEY, "the gamester," naturally a good man, but led astray by +Stukely, till at last he loses everything by gambling, and dies a +miserable death. + +_Mrs. Beverley_, the gamester's wife. She loves her husband fondly, +and clings to him in all his troubles. + +_Charlotte Beverley_, in love with Lewson, but Stukely wishes to marry +her. She loses all her fortune through her brother, "the gamester," +but Lewson notwithstanding marries her.--Edward Moore, _The Gamester_ +(1712-1757). + +_Beverley_, brother of Clarissa, and the lover of Belinda Blandford. +He is extremely jealous, and catches at trifles light as air to +confirm his fears; but his love is most sincere, and his penitence +most humble when he finds out how causeless his suspicions are. +Belinda is too proud to deny his insinuations, but her love is so deep +that she repents of giving him a moment's pain.--A. Murphy, _All in +the Wrong_ (1761). + +BEVERLEY THURSTON, a lawyer, belonging to an old New York family, in +love with Claire Twining, _The Ambitious Woman_ of Edgar Fawcett's +society novel (1883). + +He was a man of about forty years old, who had never married. His +figure was tall and shapely; his face, usually grave, was capable of +much geniality. He had travelled, read, thought, and observed. He +stood somewhat high in the legal profession, and came, on the maternal +side, of a somewhat noted family. + +BEV'IL, a model gentleman, in Steele's _Conscious Lovers_. + + Whatever can deck mankind + Or charm the heart, in generous Bevil shewed. + + Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Winter," 1726). + +_Bevil_ (_Francis, Harry, and George_), three brothers--one an M.P., +another in the law, and the third in the Guards--who, unknown to +each other, wished to obtain in marriage the hand of Miss Grubb, +the daughter of a rich stock-broker. The M.P. paid his court to the +father, and obtained his consent; the lawyer paid his court to the +mother, and obtained her consent; the officer paid his court to the +young lady, and having obtained her consent, the other two brothers +retired from the field.--O'Brien, _Cross Purposes_. + +BE'VIS, the horse of lord Marmion.--Sir W. Scott, _Marmion_ (1808). + +_Be'vis_ (_Sir_) of Southampton. Having reproved his mother, while +still a lad, for murdering his father, she employed Saber to kill him; +but Saber only left him on a desert land as a waif, and he was brought +up as a shepherd. Hearing that his mother had married Mor'dure (2 +_syl_.), the adulterer, he forced his way into the marriage hall and +struck at Mordure; but Mordure slipped aside, and escaped the blow. +Bevis was now sent out of the country, and being sold to an Armenian, +was presented to the king. Jos'ian, the king's daughter, fell in love +with him; they were duly married, and Bevis was knighted. Having slain +the boar which made holes in the earth as big as that into which +Curtius leapt, he was appointed general of the Armenian forces, +subdued Brandamond of Damascus, and made Damascus tributary to +Armenia. Being sent, on a future occasion, as ambassador to Damascus, +he was thrust into a prison, where were two huge serpents; these +he slew, and then effected his escape. His next encounter was with +Ascupart the giant, whom he made his slave. Lastly, he slew the great +dragon of Colein, and then returned to England, where he was restored +to his lands and titles. The French call him _Beuves de Hantone_.--M. +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612). + +_The Sword of Bevis of Southampton_ was Morglay, and his _steed_ +Ar'undel. Both were given him by his wife Josian, daughter of the king +of Armenia. + +BEZA'LIEL, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the +marquis of Worcester, afterwards duke of Beaufort. As Bezaliel, +the famous artificer, "was filled with the Spirit of God to devise +excellent works in every kind of workmanship," so on the marquis of +Worcester-- + + ... so largely Nature heaped her store, + There scarce remained for arts to give him more. + + Dryden and Tate, part ii. + +BEZO'NIAN, a beggar, a rustic. (Italian, _bisognoso_, "necessitous.") + +The ordinary tillers of the earth, such as we call _husbandmen_; +in France, _pesants_; in Spane, _besonyans_; and generally +_cloutshoe_.--Markham, _English Husbandman_, 4. + +BIAN'CA, the younger daughter of Baptista of Pad'ua, as gentle and +meek as her sister Katherine was violent and irritable. As it was not +likely any one would marry Katherine "the shrew," the father resolved +that Bianca should not marry before her sister. Petruchio married "the +shrew," and then Lucentio married Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the +Shrew_ (1594). + +_Bianca_, daughter of a noble family in "The Young Italian," one of +the _Tales of a Traveller_, by Washington Irving. She is beloved +passionately by the young Italian and betrothed to him. In his absence +Filippo, the false friend of her lover, weds her. The betrayed friend +on learning the truth kills Filippo, and is ever afterwards haunted by +his dying face (1824). + +_Bian'ca_, a courtesan, the "almost" wife of Cassio. Iago, speaking of +the lieutenant, says: + + And what was he? + Forsooth a great arithmetician. + One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, + A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife. + + Shakespeare, _Othello_, act i. sc. I (1611). + +_Bian'ca_, wife of Fazio. When her husband wantons with the +marchioness Aldabella, Bianca, out of jealousy, accuses him to the +duke of Florence of being privy to the death of Bartol'do, an old +miser. Fazio being condemned to death, Bianca repents of her rashness, +and tries to save her husband, but not succeeding, goes mad and +dies.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815). + +BIBBET (_Master_), secretary to major-general Harrison, one of the +parliamentary commissioners.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, +Commonwealth). + +BIBBIE'NA (_Il_), cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in +Tuscany. He was the author of _Calandra_, a comedy (1470-1520). + +"BIBLE" BUTLER, _alias_ Stephen Butler, grandfather of Reuben Butler, +the presbyterian minister (married to Jeanie Deans).--Sir W. Scott, +_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +BIB'LIS, a woman who fell in love with her brother Caunus, and was +changed into a fountain near Mile'tus.--Ovid, _Met_. ix. 662. + + Not that [_fountain_] where Biblis dropt, too fondly light, + Her tears and self may dare compare with this. + + Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633). + +BIB'ULUS, a colleague of Julius Cæsar, but a mere cipher in office; +hence his name became a household word for a nonentity. + +BIC'KERSTAFF (_Isaac_), a pseudonym of dean Swift, assumed in the +paper-war with Partridge, the almanac-maker, and subsequently adopted +by Steele in _The Tatler_, which was announced as edited by "Isaac +Bickerstaff, Esq., astrologer." + +BICKERTON (_Mrs._), landlady of the Seven Stars inn of York, where +Jeanie Deans stops on her way to London, whither she is going to plead +for her sister's pardon.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, +George II.). + +BID'DENDEN MAIDS (_The_), two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth +Chulkhurst, born at Biddenden in 1100. They were joined together by +the shoulders and hips, and lived to the age of thirty-four. Some say +that it was Mary and Elizabeth Chulkhurst who left twenty acres of +land to the poor of Biddenden. This tenement called "Bread and Cheese +Land," because the rent derived from it is distributed on Easter +Sunday in doles of bread and cheese. Halstead says, in his _History of +Kent_, that it was the gift of two maidens named Preston, and not of +the Biddenden Maids. + +BIDDY, servant to Wopsle's great-aunt, who kept an "educational +institution." A good, honest girl who falls in love with Pip, is +loved by Dolge Orlick, but marries Joe Grargery.--C. Dickens, _Great +Expectations_ (1860). + +BIDDY [BELLAIR] (_Miss_), "Miss in her teens," in love with captain +Loveit. She was promised in marriage by her aunt and guardian to an +elderly man whom she detested; and during the absence of captain +Loveit in the Flanders war, she coquetted with Mr. Fribble and captain +Flash. On the return of her "Strephon," she set Fribble and Flash +together by the ears; and while they stood menacing each other, but +afraid to fight, captain Loveit entered and sent them both to the +right-about.--D. Garrick, _Miss in Her Teens_ (1753). + +BIDÉFORD POSTMAN (_The_), Edward Capern, a poet, at one time a +letter-carrier in Bidéford (3 _syl_). + +BIDE-THE-BENT (_Mr. Peter_), minister of Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W. +Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +BID'MORE (_Lord_), patron of the Rev Josiah Cargill, minister of St. +Ronan's. + +_The Hon. Augustus Bidmore_, son of lord Bidmore, and pupil of the +Rev. Josiah Cargill. + +_Miss Augusta Bidmore_, daughter of lord + +Bidmore, beloved by the Rev. Josiah Cargill--Sir W. Scott, _St. +Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +BIE'DERMAN (_Arnold_), _alias_ count Arnold of Geierstein +[_Gi'.er.stine_], landamman of Unterwalden. Anne of Geierstein, his +brother's daughter, is under his charge. + +_Bertha Biederman_, Arnold's late wife. + +_Ru'diger Biederman_, Arnold Biederman's son. + +_Ernest Biederman_, brother of Rudiger. + +_Sigismund Biederman_, nicknamed "The Simple," another brother. + +_Ulrick Biedermen_, youngest of the four brothers.--Sir W. Scott, +_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BIG-EN'DIANS (_The_), a hypothetical religious party of Lilliput, who +made it a matter of "faith" to break their eggs at the "big end." +Those who broke them at the other end were considered heretics, and +called _Little-endians_.--Dean Swift, _Gulliver's Travels_ (1726). + +BIG'LOW (_Hosea_), the feigned author of _The Biglow Papers_ (1848), +really written by Professor James Russell Lowell of Boston, Mass. +(1819-1891). + +BIG'OT (_De_), seneschal of prince John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ +(time, Richard I.). + +_Big'ot_, in C. Lamb's _Essays_, is John Fenwick, editor of the +_Albion_ newspaper. + +BIL'DAI (2 _syl_.), a seraph and the tutelar guardian of Matthew +the apostle, the son of wealthy parents and brought up in great +luxury.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748). + +BILLINGS (_Josh_). A.W. Shaw so signs _His Book of Sayings_ (1866). + +Ef a man hezn't a well-balanced mind I _du_ admire to see him part his +hair in the middle. + +Ef thar iz wun sayin' trewer than anuther it is that the devil iz +allwaies ready fur kumpany. + +_Josh Billings's Alminax_ (1870). + +BILLINGSGATE (3 _syl_.). Beling was a friend of "Brennus" the Gaul, +who owned a wharf called Beling's-gate. Geoffrey of Momnouth derives +the word from Belin, a mythical king of the ancient Britons, who +"built a gate there," B.C. 400 (1142). + +BILLY BARLOW, a merry Andrew, so-called from a semi-idiot, who fancied +himself "a great potentate." He was well known in the east of London, +and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his sayings were really +witty, and some of his attitudes truly farcical. + +BILLY BLACK, the conundrum-maker.--_The Hundred-pound Note_. + + +When Keeley was playing "Billy Black" at Chelmsford, he advanced to +the lights at the close of the piece, and said, "I've one more, and +this is a good un. Why is Chelmsford Theatre like a half-moon? D'ye +give it up? Because it is never full."--_Records of a Stage Veteran_. + + +BIMATER ("_two-mother_"). Bacchus was so called because at the death +of his mother during gestation, Jupiter put the foetus into his own +thigh for the rest of the time, when the infant Bacchus was duly +brought forth. + +BIMBISTER (_Margery_), the old Ranzelman's spouse.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +BIND'LOOSE (_John_), sheriff's clerk and banker at Marchthorn.--Sir W. +Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +BINGEN (_Bishop of_), generally called bishop Hatto. The tale is that +during a famine, he invited the poor to his barn on a certain day, +under the plea of distributing corn to them; but when the barn was +crowded he locked the door and set fire to the building; for which +iniquity he was himself devoured by an army of mice or rats. His +castle is the Mouse-tower on the Rhine. + + They almost devour me with kisses, + Their arms about me entwine, + Till I think of the bishop of Bingen, + In his Mouse-tower on the Rhine. + + Longfellow, _Birds of Passage_. + +BINKS (_Sir Bingo_), a fox-hunting baronet, and visitor at the Spa. + +_Lady Binks_, wife of sir Bingo, but before marriage Miss Rachael +Bonnyrigg. Visitor at the Spa with her husband.--Sir W. Scott, _St. +Ronan's Well_ (time, Greorge III.). + +BI'ON, the rhetorician, noted for his acrimonious and sharp sayings. + + Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro. + + Horace, _Epist_. ii. 2, 60. + +BIONDEL'LO, one of the servants of Lucentio the future husband +of Bianca (sister of "the shrew"). His fellow-servant is +Tra'nio.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594). + +BIORN, the son of Heriulf, a Northman, who first touched the shores of +the New World. + + Across the unpathwayed seas, + Shot the brave prow that cut on Vinland sands + The first rune in the Saga of the West. + +James Russell Lowell, _The Voyage to Vinland_. + +BIRCH (_Harvey_), a prominent character in _The Spy_, a novel by J.F. +Cooper. + +BIRD (_My_). Fanny Forester (Emily Chubbuck Judson) thus addressed her +baby daughter (1848). + + There's not in Ind a lovelier bird: + Broad earth owns not a happier nest. + Oh, God! Thou hast a fountain stirred + Whose waters never more shall rest. + + * * * * * + The pulse first caught its tiny stroke. + The blood its crimson hue from mine; + The life which I have dared invoke + Henceforth is parallel with THINE! + +_Bird (The Little Green)_, of the frozen regions, which could reveal +every secret and impart information of events past, present, or to +come. Prince Chery went in search of it, so did his two cousins, +Brightsun and Felix; last of all Fairstar, who succeeded in +obtaining it, and liberating the princes who had failed in their +attempts.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Chery," 1682). + +This tale is a mere reproduction of "The Two Sisters," the last tale +of the _Arabian Nights_, in which the bird is called "Bulbulhezar, the +talking bird." + +BIRD SINGING TO A MONK. The monk was Felix.--Longfellow, _Golden +Legend_, ii. + +BIRE'NO, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of Holland. +He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was released by +Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death by Oberto +king of Ireland, who married the young widow.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_, iv. v. (1516). + +_Bire'no_ (_Duke_), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It is the king's +wish that he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess +loves Pal'adore (3 _syl_.), a Briton. Bireno has a mistress named +Alin'da, whom he induces to personate the princess, and in Paladore's +presence she casts down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by. +Bireno has Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and +accuses the princess of unchastity--a crime in Lombardy punished by +death. As the princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the +duke, and kills him. The villainy is fully revealed, and the princess +is married to the man of her choice, who had twice saved her +life.--Robert Jephson, _The Law of Lombardy_ (1779). + +BIRMINGHAM POET (_The_), John Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican, who +wrote his own songs; set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808). + +BIRON, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king of +Navarre. Biron promises to spend three years with the king in study, +during which time no woman is to approach his court; but no sooner has +he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline +defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, "If you my favor +mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick." + + A merrier man, + Within the limit of becoming mirth, + I never spent an hour's talk withal. + His eye begets occasion for his wit: + For every object that the one doth catch, + The other turns to a mirth-moving jest; + Which his fair tongue (conceit's expositor) + Delivers in such apt and gracious words, + That agéd ears play truant at his tales, + And younger hearings are quite ravished. + +Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_, act ii. sc. 1 (1594). + +_Biron_ (_Charles de Gontaut due de_), greatly beloved by Henri IV. of +France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and +at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honors: he +was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer +of France. This too-much honor made him forget himself, and he entered +into a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was +discovered by Lafin; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was +executed (1602, aged 40). + +George Chapman has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled +_Biron's Conspiracy_ and _Biron's Tragedy_ (1557-1634). + +_Biron_, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for +marrying Isabella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to +the siege of Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the +lapse of seven years, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married +Villeroy (2 _syl_.), but the day after her espousals Biron returned, +whereupon Isabella went mad and killed herself.--Thomas Southern, +_Isabella, or the Fatal Marriage_. + + During the absence of the elder Macready, his + son took the part of "Biron" in _Isabella_. The + father was shocked, because he desired his son + for the Church; but Mrs. Siddons remarked to + him, "In the Church your son will live and die + a curate on £50 a year, but if successful, the + stage will bring him in a thousand."--Donaldson, + _Recollections_. + +BIRTHA, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the +Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's +still, in autumn, berries, and in summer, flowers. She fell in love +with duke Grondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal. +Birtha, "in love unpractised and unread," is the beau-ideal of +innocence and purity of mind. Grondibert had just plighted his love to +her when he was summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him +his successor and future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would +remain true to her, and gave her an emerald ring which he told her +would lose its lustre if he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks +off, and as it was never finished the sequel is not known.--Sir W. +Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668). + +BISHOP MIDDLEHAM, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks, and +advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret intoxication. + +BISHOPS. The seven who refused to read the declaration of indulgence +published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for recusancy, were +archbishop Sancroft _(Canterbury)_, bishops Lloyd _(St. Asaph)_, +Turner _(Ely)_, Kew _(Bath and Wells)_, White _(Peterborough)_, Lake +_(Chichester)_, Trelawney _(Bristol)._ Being tried, they were all +acquitted (June, 1688). + +BISTO'NIANS, the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars), who +built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis. + + So the Bistonian race, a maddening train, + Exult and revel on the Thracian plain. + +Pitt's _Statius_, ii. + +BIT'ELAS(3 _syl_.), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of Rukenaw the +ape, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). + +BIT'TLEBRAINS _(Lord)_, friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper of +Scotland. + +_Lady Bittlebrains_, wife of the above lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of +Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +BIT'ZER, light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He is educated +at M'Choakumchild's "practical school," and becomes a general spy and +informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and discovers the +perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.), +informs against him, and gets promoted to his place.--C. Dickens, +_Hard Times_ (1854). + +BIZARRE _[Be.zar'(1)]_, the friend of Orian'a, forever coquetting +and sparring with Duretete _[Dure.tait]_, and placing him in awkward +predicaments.--G.K. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702). + +BLACK AG'NES, the countess of March, noted for her defence of Dunbar +during the war which Edward III. maintained in Scotland (1333-1338). + + +Sir Walter Scott says: "The countess was called 'Black Agnes' from +her complexion. She was the daughter of Thomas Randolph, earl of +Murray."--_Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 14. (See BLACK PRINCE.) + + +BLACK COLIN CAMPBELL, general Campbell, in the army of George III., +introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_. + +BLACK DOUGLAS, William Douglas, lord of Nithsdale, who died 1390. + + He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy + complexion, with dark hair, from which he was + called "The Black Douglas."--Sir Walter Scott, + _Tales of a Grandfather_, xi. + +BLACK DWARF (_The_), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David Ritchie, +whose cottage was and still is on Manor Water, in the county of +Peebles. + +BLACK-EYED SUSAN, one of Dibdin's sea-songs. + +BLACK GEORGE, the gamekeeper in Fielding's novel, called _The History +of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750). + +_Black George_, Greorge Petrowitsch of Servia, a brigand; called by +the Turks _Kara George_, from the terror he inspired. + +BLACK HORSE (_The_), the 7th Dragoon Guards (_not_ the 7th Dragoons). +So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are black +velvet. Their plumes are black and white; and at one time their horses +were black, or at any rate dark. + + +BLACK KNIGHT OF THE BLACK LANDS (_The_), sir Pereard. Called by +Tennyson "Night" _or_ "Nox." He was one of the four brothers who +kept the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir +Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 126 (1470); +Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette"). + +BLACK LORD CLIFFORD, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord +Clifford. Also called "The Butcher" (died 1461). + +BLACK PRINCE, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart +says he was styled _black_ "by terror of his arms" (c. 169). +Similarly, lord Clifford was called "The Black Lord Clifford" for his +cruelties (died 1461). George Petrowitsch was called by the Turks +"Black George" from the terror of his name. The countess of March was +called "Black Agnes" from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W. +Scott says) from her dark complexion. Similarly, "The Black Sea," +or Axinus, as the Greeks once called it, received its name from the +inhospitable character of the Scythians. + +BLACK'ACRE (_Widow_), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging, headstrong +woman.--Wycherly, _The Plain Dealer_ (1677). + +BLACKCHESTER (_The countess of_), sister of lord Dalgarno.--Sir W. +Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.). + +BLACKGUARDS (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some offence +in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black) +inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is _Blaqueurs.--L'Homme +qui Rit_, II. in. 1. + +It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of +the word. Other suggestions will be found in the _Dictionary of Phrase +and Fable_. + +BLACKLESS (_Tomalin_), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de +Lion.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +BLACKMANTLE (_Bernard_), Charles Molloy Westmacott, author of _The +English Spy_ (1826). + +BLACK'POOL (_Stephen_), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at +Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was +a man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was +turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of £150, he +threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hastening +to Coketown to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as "the +Hell Shaft," and although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool +loved Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless +wife.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854). + +BLACKSMITH (_The Flemish_), Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter +(1460-1529). + +_Blacksmith_ (_The Learned_), Elihu Burritt, United States +(1810-1879). + + +BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine is +meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582). +He is the representative of Scottish literature generally. + +The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh, +publisher. + +BLAD'DERSKATE (_Lord_) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter +Peeble's lawsuit.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +BLADE O' GRASS, child of the gutter, bright, saucy, and warm-hearted. +She is taken from her wretched environment by philanthropists, who +would aid her to lead a different life. However great the outward +change, she is ever Bohemian at heart.--B.L. Farjeon, _Blade o' +Grass_. + +BLA'DUD, father of king Lear. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that "This +Prince Bladud was a very ingenious man and taught necromancy in his +kingdom; nor did he leave off pursuing his magic operations till he +attempted to fly to the upper regions of the air with wings which he +had prepared, and fell down upon the temple of Apollo in the city of +Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces." + +BLAIR (_Adam_), the hero of a novel by J.G. Lockhart, entitled _Adam +Blair, a Story of Scottish Life_ (1794-1854). + +_Blair_ (_Father Clement_), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine +Glover, "the fair maid of Perth."--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ +(time, Henry IV.). + +_Blair_ (_Rev. David_), sir Richard Philips, author of _The Universal +Preceptor_ (1816), _Mother's Question Book_, etc. He issued books +under a legion of false names. + +BLAISE, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter. + +_Blaise_ (_St._), patron saint of wool-combers, because he was torn to +pieces with iron combs. + +BLAKE (_Franklin_), handsome, accomplished, and desperately in love +with his cousin Rachel. Almost wild concerning the safety of the +Moonstone which he has conveyed to her, he purloins it while under the +influence of opium, taken to relieve insomnia, and gives it to the +plausible villain of the book--Godfrey Ablewhite. The latter pawns it +to pay his debts, and is murdered by East Indians, who believe that he +still has the gem.--Wilkie Collins, _The Moonstone_. + +BLANCHE (1 _syl._), one of the domestics of lady Eveline "the +betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +_Blanche_ (_La reine_), the queen of France during the first six weeks +of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time +in a closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in +white. Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called _La reine Blanche_ +during her days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so +called afterwards. + +_Blanche (Lady)_ makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and +of course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a +jeweller's son, who enters the army, and becomes a colonel. She is +very handsome, ardent, brilliant, and fearless.--S. Knowles, _Old +Maids_ (1841). + +BLANCHE LOMBARD, girl of the period, who solaces herself for the +apparent defection of one lover by flirting with a new acquaintance; +registered in his note-book as "Blonde; superb physique; fine animal +spirits; giggles."--Robert Grant, _The Knave of Hearts_ (1886). + +BLANCHE´FLEUR (2 _syl._), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance +called _Il Filopoco_. Her lover Flores is Boccaccio himself, +and Blanchefleur was the daughter of king Robert. The story of +Blanchefleur and Flores is substantially the same as that of _Dor´igen +and Aurelius_, by Chaucer, and that of "Diano´ra and Ansaldo," in the +_Decameron_. + +BLAND´MOUR (_Sir_), a man of "mickle might," who "bore great sway +in arms and chivalry," but was both vainglorious and insolent. He +attacked Brit´omart, but was discomfited by her enchanted spear; he +next attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took him from +the lady who accompanied him, "the False Florimel."--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, iv. 1 (1596). + +BLANDE´VILLE (_Lady Emily_), a neighbor of the Waverley family, +afterwards married to colonel Talbot.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, +George II.). + +BLAND´FORD, the father of Belin´da, who he promised sir William +Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with +Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister). +Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married +according to their inclinations.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ +(1761). + +BLAN´DIMAN, the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her +attendant after her divorce.--_Valentine and Orson_. + +BLANDI´NA, wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused hospitality +to sir Calepine and his lady Sere´na (canto 3). She had "the art of a +suasive tongue," and most engaging manners, but "her words were only +words, and all her tears were water" (canto 7).--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, iv. (1596). + +BLANDISH, a "practised parasite." His sister says to him, "May you +find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on!" (act i. +1). + +_Miss Letitia Blandish_, sister of the above, a fawning timeserver, +who sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies to Miss Alscrip +"the heiress," flattering her vanity, fostering her conceit, and +encouraging her vulgar affectations.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ +(1781). + +BLANE (_Niell_), town piper and publican. + +_Jenny Blane_, his daughter.--Sir W, Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, +Charles II.). + +BLA´NEY, a wealthy heir, ruined by dissipation.--Crabbe, _Borough_. + +BLARNEY (_Lady_), one of the flash women introduced by squire +Thornhill to the Primrose family.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_ +(1765). + +BLAS´PHEMOUS BALFOUR. Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so +called from his apostacy (died 1583). + +BLA´TANT BEAST (_The_), the personification of slander or public +opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled +the monster, and dragged it to Faëry-land, but it broke loose and +regained its liberty. Subsequently sir Cal´idore (_3 syl._) went in +quest of it.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. and vi. (1596). + +[Illustration] "Mrs. Grundy" is the modern name of Spenser's "Blatant +Beast." + +BLATH´ERS AND DUFF, detectives who investigate the burglary in which +Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey Chickweed, +who robbed himself of 327 guineas.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +BLAT´TERGROWL (_The Rev. Mr._), minister of Trotcosey, near +Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Elizabeth). + +BLEEDING-HEART YARD (London). So called because it was the place where +the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the dancing +chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his claws.--Dr. +Mackay, _Extraordinary Popular Delusions_. + +BLEISE (1 _syl._) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's +period. + +BLEM´MYES (3 _syl._), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, but +having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.) + + Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis + pectori affixis.--Pliny. + +Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Gangês, _sine cervice, +oculos in humeris habentes_. Mela also refers to a people _quibus +capita et vultus in pectore sunt_. + +BLENHEIM SPANIELS. The Oxford electors are so called, because for +many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of +Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this +custom by telling the people the fable of the _Dog and the Wolf_. The +dog, it will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar, +and the wolf said he preferred liberty. + +(The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been +preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of +Marlborough in 1704.) + +BLET´SON (_Master Joshua_), one of the three parliamentary +commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge +to the Lee family.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). + +BLI´FIL, a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled _The History +of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750). + +¤¤¤ Blifil is the original of Sheridan's "Joseph Surface" in the +_School for Scandal_ (1777). + +BLIGH (_William_), captain of the _Bounty_, so well known for the +mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790). + +BLIMBER (_Dr._), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at +Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was +learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at +Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor +was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault +was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much +stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong +mental pressure. + +_Mrs. Blimber_, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be +thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible +collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly +classical. + +_Cornelia Blimber_, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept +her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense +about her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves +of dead languages." She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's +usher.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +BLIND BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN, Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de +Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort +slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's +daughter discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married +him. The fruit of the marriage was "pretty Bessee, the beggar's +daughter." Henry de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind +beggar, to escape the vigilance of king Henry's spies. + +Day produced, in 1659, a drama called _The Blind Beggar of Bethnal +Green_, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on +the same subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Road a +public-house sign called the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.--_History +of Sign-boards._ + +BLIND EMPEROR (_The_), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934). + +BLIND HARPER (_The_), John Parry, who died 1739. + +John Stanley, mnsician and composer, was blind from his birth +(1713-1786). + +BLIND HARRY, a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from +infancy. His epic of _Sir William Wallace_ runs to 11,861 lines. He +was minstrel in the court of James IV. + +BLIND MECHANICIAN (_The_). John Strong, a great mechanical genius, was +blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged sixty-six (1732-1798). + +BLIND POET (_The_), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called _Il Cieco_ +(1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674). + +Homer is called _The Blind Old Bard_ (fl. B.C. 960). + +BLIND TRAVELLER (_The_), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind at +the age of twenty-five, but, notwithstanding, travelled round the +world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857). + +BLIN´KINSOP, a smuggler in _Redgauntlet_, a novel by sir W. Scott +(time, George III.). + +BLISTER, the apothecary, who says, "Without physicians, no one could +know whether he was well or ill." He courts Lucy by talking shop to +her.--Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked_. + +BLITHE-HEART KING (_The_). David is so called by Caedmon. + + Those lovely lyrics written by his hand + Whom Saxon Caedmon calls "The Blithe-heart King." + Longfellow, _The Poet's Tale_ (ref. is to _Psalm_ + cxlviii. 9). + +BLOCK (_Martin_), one of the committee of the Estates of Burgundy, who +refuse supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, +_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BLOK (_Nikkel_), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege.--Sir W. +Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BLONDEL DE NESLE [_Neel_], the favorite trouvère or minstrel of +Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the _Bloody Vest_ in presence of +queen Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +BLON´DINA, the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She was +the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away +the three babes substituted three puppies. Ultimately her children +were restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accomplices were +duly punished.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar," +1682). + +BLOOD (_Colonel Thomas_), emissary of the duke of Buckingham +(1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_, a +novel (time, Charles II.). + +BLOODS (_The Five_): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors of +Connaught; (3) the O'Brians of Thomond; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath; +and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal +septs or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these +five septs are accounted aliens or enemies, and could "neither sue nor +be sued," even down to the reign of Elizabeth. + +William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward II.) for the murder of +Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because +his victim was not of "free blood," _i.e._ one of the "five bloods of +Ireland." The plea is admitted by the jury to be good. + +BLOODY (_The_), Otho II. emperor of Germany (955, 973-983). + +BLOODY-BONES, a bogie. + + As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (_i.e._ sir + Thomas Lunsford, governor of the Tower, the + dread of every one).--S. Butler, _Hudibras_. + +BLOODY BROTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639). The +"bloody brother" is Rollo duke of Normandy, who kills his brother Otto +and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by Hamond +captain of the guard. + +BLOODY BUTCHER (_The_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of George +II., so called from his barbarities in the suppression of the +rebellion in favor of Charles Edward, the young pretender. "Black +Clifford" was also called "The Butcher" for his cruelties (died 1461). + +BLOODY HAND, Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland. + +BLOODY MARY, queen Mary of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and elder +half-sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the sanguinary +persecutions carried on by her government against the protestants. +It is said that 200 persons were burned to death in her short reign +(1516,1553-1558). + +BLOOMFIELD (_Louisa_), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the beau +of sixty, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo barrister.--C. +Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_. + +BLOUNT (_Nicholas_), afterwards knighted; master of the horse to the +earl of Sussex. + +--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Blount_ (_Sir Frederick_), a distant relative of sir John Vesey. He +had a great objection to the letter _r_, which he considered "wough +and wasping." He dressed to perfection, and though not "wich," prided +himself on having the "best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses, +and the best house" of any one. He liked Greorgina Vesey, and as she +had £10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by "mawy-wing the +girl."--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840). + +_Blount_ (_Master_), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An +old-fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons, +John and Thomas; the former was his favorite. + +_Mistress Blount_, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her +son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man. + +_John Blount_, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left +successor to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of +fashion and fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He +had good-nature, but more cunning than discretion, thought himself +far-seeing, but was most easily duped. "The phaeton was built after +my design, my lord," he says, "mayhap your lordship has seen it." "My +taste is driving, my lord, mayhap your lordship has seen me handle the +ribbons." "My horses are all bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed +my team." "I pride myself on my seat in the saddle, mayhap your +lordship has seen me ride." "If I am superlative in anything, 'its in +my wines." "So please your ladyship, 'tis dress I most excel in ... +'tis walking I pride myself in." No matter what is mentioned, 'tis the +one thing he did or had better than any one else. This conceited fool +was duped into believing a parcel of men-servants to be lords and +dukes, and made love to a lady's maid, supposing her to be a countess. + +_Thomas Blount_, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He +entered the army, became a colonel, and married lady Blanche. He is +described as having "a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell +in, eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome, +a mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed."--S. +Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841). + +BLOUZELIN´DA or BLOWZELINDA, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin Clout, +in _The Shepherd's Week_. + + My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass, + Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass. + My Blouzelind's than gilliflower more fair, + Than daisie, marygold, or kingcup rare. + Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714). + + Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near, + Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year ... + Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire, + My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire. + Ditto. + +BLOWER (_Mrs. Margaret_), the shipowner's widow at the Spa. She +marries Dr. Quackleben, "the man of medicine" (one of the managing +committee at the Spa).--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George +III.). + +BLUCHER was nicknamed "Marshal Forward" for his dash and readiness in +the campaign of 1813. + +BLUE BEARD (_La Barbe Bleue_), from the _contes_ of Charles Perrault +(1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue beard. +His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with +strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room. +During the absence of her lord the "forbidden fruit" is too tempting +to be resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor +covered with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops +the key in her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the +stain of blood. Blue Beard, on his return, commands her to prepare for +death, but by the timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and +Blue Beard put to death. + +Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the +days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer) +was the "academy figure." Others think it was Giles de Retz, marquis +de Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to Mézeray) +murdered six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440. + +Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar´, and the +young wife Triphy´na, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was +lieutenant of Brittany in the reign of Childebert. M. Hippolyte +Violeau assures us that in 1850, during the repairs of the chapel of +St. Nicolas de Bieuzy, some ancient frescoes were discovered with +scenes from the life of St. Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the +husband taking leave of his young wife and entrusting to her a key; +(3) a room with an open door, through which are seen the corpses of +seven women hanging; (4) the husband threatening his wife, while +another female [_sister Anne_] is looking out of a window above; (5) +the husband has placed a halter round the neck of his victim, but the +friends, accompanied by St. Gildas, abbot of Rhuys in Brittany, arrive +just in time to rescue the future saint.--_Pélerinages de Bretagne_. + +BLUE KNIGHT (_The_), sir Persaunt of India, called by Tennyson +"Morning Star" _or_ "Phosphorus." He was one of the four brothers +who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, and was overthrown by sir +Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 131 (1470); +Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette"). + +[Illustration] It is evidently a blunder in Tennyson to call the +_Blue_ Knight "Morning Star," and the _Green_ Knight "Evening Star." +The reverse is correct, and in the old romance the combat with the +Green Knight was at day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset. + +BLUE-SKIN, Joseph Blake, an English burglar, so called from his +complexion. He was executed in 1723. + +BLUFF (_Bachelor_), celibate philosopher upon social, domestic, and +cognate themes. + + "Give me," he says emphatically, "in our + household, color and cheeriness--not cold art, + nor cold pretensions of any kind, but warmth, + brightness, animation. Bring in pleasing colors, + choice pictures, _bric-à-brac_, and what-not. But + let in, also, the sun; light the fires; and have + everything for daily use."--Oliver Bell Bunce, + _Bachelor Bluff_ (1882). + +_Bluff (Captain Noll)_, a swaggering bully and boaster. He says, +"I think that fighting for fighting's sake is sufficient cause for +fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws." + + "You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders + the last campaign ... there was scarce + anything of moment done, but a humble servant + of yours ... had the greatest share in't.... + Well, would you think it, in all this time ... + that rascally _Gazette_ never so much as once mentioned + me? Not once, by the wars! Took no + more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been + in the land of the living."--Congreve, _The Old + Bachelor_ (1693). + +BLUFF HAL or BLUFF HARRY, Henry VIII. + + Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pence, + And numbered bead and shrift, + Bluff Harry broke into the spence, + And turned the cowls adrift. + Tennyson, _The Talking Oak_. + +BLUN'DERBORE (3 _syl._), the giant who was drowned because Jack +scuttled his boat.--_Jack the Giant-killer_. + +BLUNT (_Colonel_), a brusque royalist, who vows "he'd woo no woman," +but falls in love with Arbella, an heiress, woos and wins her. T. +Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of +_Honest Thieves_, calls colonel Blunt "captain Manly."--Hon. sir R. +Howard, _The Committee_ (1670). + +_Blunt_ (_Major-General_), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech, +but brave, honest, and a true patriot.--Shadwell, _The Volunteers_. + +BLUSHINGTON (_Edward_), a bashful young gentleman of twenty-five, sent +as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by the +death of his father and uncle, left all at once as "rich as a nabob." +At college he was called "the sensitive plant of Brazenose," because +he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall, and +commits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank Friendly, +writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady +Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses +his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted +suitor of the pretty Miss Dinah Friendly.--W.T. Moncrieff, _The +Bashful Man_. + +BO or _Boh_, says Warton, was a fierce Gothic chief, whose name was +used to frighten children. + +BOADICEA, queen of a tribe of ancient Britons. Her husband having been +killed by the Romans, she took the field in person. She was defeated +and committed suicide. + +BOANER´GES (_4 syl._), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes all +except his own "elect." "He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but +sits down pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly."--Mrs. +Oliphant, _Salem Chapel_. + + A protestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingham, + sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute + publicly with him in the Town Hall.--E. Yates, + _Celebrities_, xxii. + +[Illustration] Boanerges or "sons of thunder" is the name given by +Jesus Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire +from heaven to consume the Samaritans.--Mark iii. 17. + +BOAR (_The_), Richard III., so called from his cognizance. + + The bristled boar, + In infant gore, + Wallows beneath the thorny shade. + Gray, _The Bard_ (1757). + +In contempt Richard III. is called _The Hog_, hence the popular +distich: + + The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog, + Rule all England, under the Hog. + +("The Cat" is Catesby, and "the Rat" Ratcliffe). + +_Boar (The Blue)_. This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge +of the Veres earls of Oxford. + +_The Blue Boar Lane_ (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the +cognizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before +the battle of Bosworth Field. + +BOAR OF ARDENNES (_The Wild_), in French _Le Sanglier des Ardennes_ +(_2 syl._), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was +as fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is +introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin_ _Durward_, under the name of +"William count of la Marck." + +BOB'ADIL, an ignorant, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but +thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the +water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck +with his "dainty oaths," such as "By the foot of Pharaoh!" "Body of +Cæsar!" "As I am a gentleman and a soldier!" His device to save +the expense of a standing army is inimitable for its conceit and +absurdity: + +"I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land; gentlemen they +should be, of a good spirit and able constitution. I would choose them +by an instinct,... and I would teach them the special rules ... till +they could play _[fence]_ very near as well as myself. This done, say +the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would ... challenge 20 of the +enemy; ... kill them; challenge 20 more, kill them; 20 more, kill them +too; ... every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day; five +days, a thousand; 40,000, 40 times 5,200 days; kill them all."--Ben +Jonson, _Every Man in his Humour_, iv. 7 (1598). + +Since his [_Henry Woodward, 1717-1777_] time the part of "Bobadil" has +never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him. + +--Dr. Doran. + +The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba, +who superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous +charge. Similar characters are "Metamore" and "Scaramouch" (Molière); +"Parolles" and "Pistol" (Shakespeare); "Bessus" (Beaumont and +Fletcher). (See also BASILISCO, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, CAPTAIN +NOLL BLUFF, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSE, etc.) + +BOBOLINKON. Christopher Pearse Cranch calls the bobolink: + + Still merriest of the merry birds, and + Pied harlequins of June. + + O, could I share without champagne + Or muscadel, your frolic; + The glad delirium of your joy, + Your fun unapostolic; + Your drunken jargon through the fields, + Your bobolinkish gabble, + Your fine Anacreontic glee, + Your tipsy reveller's babble! + +Christopher Pearse Cranch, _The Bird and the Bell_ (1875). + +BODACH GLAY or "Grey Spectre," a house demon of the Scotch, similar to +the Irish banshee. + +BODLEY FAMILY, an American household, father, mother, sisters, and +brothers, whose interesting adventures at home and abroad are detailed +by Horace E. Scudder in _The Bodley Books_ (1875-1887). + +BOE´MOND, the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his +subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Roge´ro's +brother, and son of Roberto Guiscar´do.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ +(1575). + +BOEUF (_Front de_), a gigantic, ferocious follower of prince +John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +BOFFIN (_Nicodemus_), "the golden dustman," foreman of old John +Harmon, dustman and miser. He was "a broad, round-shouldered, +one-sided old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with +overlapping ears." A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his +wife, whom he greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon, +dustman, he came in for £100,000. Afterwards, John Harmon, the son, +being discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and +lived with him. + +_Mrs. Boffin_, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meatman. +She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old +John Harmon, dustman and miser, and very kind to the miser's son +(young John Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became +"a high flyer at fashion," wore black velvet and sable, but retained +her kindness of heart and love for her husband. She was devoted to +Bella Wilfer, who ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon, +_alias_ Rokesmith.--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864). + +BO'GIO, one of the allies of Charlemagne. He promised his wife to +return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello.--Ariosto, +_Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +BOHEMIAN (_A_), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first gipsies +came from Bohemia. + +_A Literary Bohemian_, an author of desultory works and irregular +life. + +Never was there an editor with less about him of the literary +Bohemian.--_Fortnightly Review_ ("Paston Letters"). + +_Bohemian Literature_, desultory reading. + +_A Bohemian Life_, an irregular, wandering, restless way of living, +like that of a gipsy. + +BO'HEMOND, prince of Antioch, a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert +of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +BOIS'GRELIN (_The young countess de_), introduced in the ball given by +king René at Aix.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward +IV.). + +BOIS-GUILBERT (_Sir Brian de_), a preceptor of the Knights Templars. +Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to Rebecca, +and she threatens to cast herself from the battlements if he touches +her. "When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian carries +off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights Templars +charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by combat. Sir +Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge against her, +and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in the lists, +Rebecca is declared innocent."--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ time, (Richard +I.). + +BOISTERER, one of the seven attendants of Fortu´nio. His gift was +that he could overturn a windmill with his breath, and even wreck a +man-of-war. + + Fortunio asked him what he was doing. "I + am blowing a little, sir," answered he, "to set + those mills at work." "But," said the knight, + "you seem too far off." "On the contrary," replied + the blower, "I am too near, for if I did not + restrain my breath I should blow the mills over, + and perhaps the hill too on which they stand."--Comtesse + D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio," + 1682). + +BOLD BEAUCHAMP _[Beech´-am]_, a proverbial phrase similar to "an +Achilles," "a Hector," etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp, +earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a +hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346. + + So had we still of ours, in France that famous were, + Warwick, of England then high-constable that was, + ...So hardy, great, and strong, + That after of that name it to an adage grew, + If any man himself adventurous happed to shew, + "Bold Beauchamp" men him termed, if none so bold as he. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613). + +BOLD STROKE FOR A HUSBAND, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two +plots: one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband, +and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed +her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all suitors +till he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband, +disguised herself in man's apparel, assumed the name of Florio, and +made love as a man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an +artifice to get back an estate which don Carlos had made over to his +mistress, and thus saved her husband from ruin (1782). + +BOLD STROKE FOR A WIFE. Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne +£30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if +she married without the consent of her guardians. Now her guardians +were four in number, and their characters so widely different that +"they never agreed on any one thing." They were sir Philip Modelove, +an old beau; Mr. Periwinkle, a silly virtuoso; Mr. Tradelove, a broker +on 'Change; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypocritical quaker. Colonel +Feignwell contrived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their +bent, and won the heiress.--Mrs. Centlivre (1717). + +BOLDWOOD (_Farmer_), one of the wooers of Bathsheba Everdene. He +serves for her seven years and loses her at last, after killing +her husband to free her from his tyranny. He is sentenced to penal +servitude "during Her Majesty's pleasure."--Thomas Hardy, _Far from +the Madding Crowd_ (1874). + +BOLSTER, a famous Wrath, who compelled St. Agnes to gather up the +boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to +the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See WRATH'S HOLE.) + +BOL'TON (_Stawarth_), an English officer in _The Monastery_, a novel +by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth). + +BOLTON ASS. This creature is said to have chewed tobacco and taken +snuff.--Dr. Doran. + +BOMBA _(King)_, a nickname given to Ferdinand II. of Naples, in +consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who +bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called _Bombali'no_ ("Little Bomba"). + + A young Sicilian, too, was there... + [_Who_] being rebellious to his liege, + After Palermo's fatal siege, + Across the western seas he fled + In good king Bomba's happy reign. + + Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (prelude). + +BOMBARDIN'IAN, general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologos. +He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king +strikes him, and calls him traitor. "Traitor, in thy teeth," +replies the general. They fight, and the king is killed.--H. Carey, +_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque). + +BOMBASTES FURIOSO, general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is +plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artaxaminous promises her "half-a-crown" +if she will forsake the general for himself. "This bright reward +of ever-daring minds" is irresistible. When Bombastês sees himself +flouted, he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label +duly displayed: + + Who dares this pair of boots displace, + Must meet Bombastês face to face. + +The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombastês "kills him." +Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, "kills" the general; but at the +close of the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance, +promising, if the audience likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B. +Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso._ [Illustration] This farce is a travesty +of _Orlando_ _Furioso_, and "Distaffina" is Angelica, beloved by +Orlando, whom she flouted for Medoro, a young Moor. On this Orlando +went mad, and hung up his armor on a tree, with this distich attached +thereto: + + Orlando's arms let none displace, + But such who'll meet him face to face. + +In the _Rehearsal_, by the duke of Buckingham, Bayes' troops are +killed, every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and "go off on +their legs." + +See the translation of _Don Quixote_, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363 +(1764). + +_Bombastes Furioso (The French)_, capitaine Fracasse.--Théophile +Gautier. + +BOMBAS'TUS, the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept a +small devil prisoner in the pommel of his sword. + + Bombastus kept a devil's bird + Shut in the pommel of his sword, + That taught him all the cunning pranks + Of past and future mountebanks. + + S. Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 3. + +BONAS'SUS, an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd +encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch +poet.)--_Noctes Ambrosianae_ (No. xlviii., April, 1830). + +BONAVENTU'RE _(Father)_, a disguise assumed for the nonce by the +chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ +(time, George III.). + +BONDU'CA or BOADICE'A, wife of Præsutagus king of the Ice'ni. For the +better security of his family, Præsutagus made the emperor of Rome +co-heir with his daughters; whereupon the Roman officers took +possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious +brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public. +Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman +colonies of London, Colchester [_Camalodunum_], Verulam, etc., and +slew above 80,000 Romans. Subsequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated +the Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher +wrote a tragedy entitled _Bonduca_ (1647). + +BONE-SETTER _(The)_, Sarah Mapp (died 1736). + +BO'NEY, a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 _syl_.), used by +the English in the early part of the nineteenth century by way of +depreciation. Thus Thom. Moore speaks of "the infidel Boney." + +BONHOMME (_Jacques_), a peasant who interferes with politics; hence +the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called _La Jacquerie_. The words +may be rendered "Jimmy" or "Johnny Goodfellow." + +BON'IFACE (_St._), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or Winfrith, +born in Devonshire. He was made archbishop of Mayence by pope Gregory +III., and is called "The Apostle of the Germans." St. Boniface +was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 5 +(680-755). + + ... in Friesland first St. Boniface our best, + Who of the see of Mentz, while there he sat possessed, + At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +_Bon'iface_,(_Father_), ex-abbot of Kennaquhair. He first appears +under the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross, +and afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (_Kennaquhair_, that +is, "I know not where.")--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Bon'iface_ (_The abbot_), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as +Superior of St. Mary's Convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +_Boni'face_, landlord of the inn at Lichfield, in league with the +highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, "as +the saying is." Thus, "Does your master stay in town, as the saying +is?" "So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them." +"I'm old Will Boniface; pretty well known upon this road, as the +saying is." He had lived at Lichfield "man and boy above eight and +fifty years, and not consumed eight and fifty ounces of meat." He +says: + + "I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my + ale, drank my ale, and I always sleep upon my + ale."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_, + i. I (1707). + +BONNE REINE, Claude de France, daughter of Louis XII. and wife of +François I. (1499-1524). + +BONNET ROUGE, a red republican, so called from the red cap of liberty +which he wore. + +BONNIBEL, southern beauty in Constance Cary Harrison's tale, _Flower +de Hundred._ + + The perfection of blonde prettiness, with a + mouth like Cupid's bow, a tiny tip-tilted nose, + eyes gold-brown to match her hair, a color like + crushed roses in her cheeks (1891). + +BONNIVARD (_François de_), the prisoner of Chillon. In Byron's poem he +was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father +and two sons died on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake; +three were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of +Geneva. Two of the three died, and François was set at liberty by +Henri the Bearnais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy +for republican principles (1496-1570). + +BONSTET'TIN (_Nicholas_), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the +deputies of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. +Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BON'TEMPS (_Roger_), the personification of that buoyant spirit +which is always "inclined to hope rather than fear," and in the very +midnight of distress is ready to exclaim, "There's a good time coming, +wait a little longer." The character is the creation of Béranger. + + + Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie, + Vous, riches désireux; + Vous, dont le char dévie + Aprés un cours heureux; + Vous, qui perdrez peut-être + Des titres éclatans, + Eh gai! prenez pour maître + Le gros Roger Bontemps. + + Béranger (1814). + +BON'THORN (_Anthony_), one of Ramorny's followers; employed to murder +Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover ("the fair maid of Perth"), but +he murdered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime, +he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed +his guilt and was hanged. He was restored to life, but being again +apprehended was executed.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, +Henry IV.). + +BON TON, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects of +the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin +neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lady Minikin hates her +husband, and flirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the +colonel. Sir John Trotley, who does not understand _bon ton_, thinks +this sort of flirtation very objectionable. "You'll excuse me, for +such old-fashioned notions, I am sure" (1760). + +BOO'BY (_Lady_), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman, +Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady +Booby is a caricature of Richardson's "Pamela."--Fielding, _Joseph +Andrews_ (1742). + +BOON ISLAND. In Celia Thaxter's poem, _The Watch of Boon Island_, is +told the story of two wedded lovers who tended the lighthouse on Boon +Island until the husband died, when the wife + + Bowed her head and let the light die out, + For the wide sea lay calm as her dead love, + When evening fell from the far land, in doubt, + Vainly to find that faithful star men strove. + (1874.) + +BOONE (1 _syl._), colonel [afterwards "general"] Daniel Boone, in the +United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in Kentucky, +where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against the Red +Indians (1735-1820). + + Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer... + The general Boone, the back-woodsman of Kentucky, + Was happiest among mortals anywhere, etc. + + Byron, _Don Juan_, viii. 61-65 (1821). + +BOOSHAL'LOCH (_Neil_), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'Ian, chief of the clan +Quhele.--Sir W. Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +BOO'TES (3 _syl_.), Arcas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his +mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Arcas was on the +point of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted +him into a constellation, either _Boötês_ or _Ursa Major_.--Pausanias, +_Itinerary of Greece_, viii. 4. + + Doth not Orion worthily deserve + A higher place ... + Than frail Boötês, who was placed above + Only because the gods did else foresee + He should the murderer of his mother be? + + Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_. + +BOOTH, husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own +character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an +additional share of meanness.--Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751). + +BORACH'IO, a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain, +engaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero.--Shakespeare, _Much +Ado about Nothing_ (1600). + +_Borach'io_, a drunkard. (Spanish, _borracho_, "drunk;" _borrachuélo_, +"a tippler.") + + "Why, you stink of wine! D'ye think my + niece will ever endure such a borachio? You're + an absolute Borachio."--W. Congreve, _The Way + of the World_ (1700). + +_Borachio (Joseph)_, landlord of the Eagle Hotel, in +Salamanca.--Jephson, _Two Strings to your Bow_ (1792). + +BOR'AK (_Al_), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the +seventh heaven. The word means "lightning." Al Borak had the face of +a man, but the cheeks of a horse; its eyes were like jacinths, but +brilliant as the stars; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with +radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the +ten animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise. + +Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong in frame, and +with a coat as glossy as marble. His color was saffron, with one hair +of gold for every three of tawny; his ears were restless and pointed +like a reed; his eyes large and full of fire; his nostrils wide and +steaming; he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully +arched, a mane soft and silky, and a thick tail that swept the +ground.--_Groquemitaine_. ii. 9. + +BORDER MINSTREL (_The_), sir Walter Scott (1771-1832). + + My steps the Border Minstrel led. + +W. Wordsworth, _Yarrow Revisited_. + +BO'REAS, the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount Hæmus, in Thrace. + + Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer. + +G. A. Stephens, _The Shipivreck_. + +BOR'GIA _(Lucrezia di)_, duchess of Ferra'ra, wife of don Alfonso. Her +natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisherman in Naples, but +when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother, +announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name +and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rin'ini, and +they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of +nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lucrezia: Orsini +told him she had murdered her brother; Vitelli, that she had caused +his uncle to be slain; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle +Appia'no; Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be +drowned in the Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro +struck off the B from the escutcheon of the duke's palace at Ferrara, +changing the name Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put +to death the man who had thus insulted their noble house, and Gennaro +was condemned to death by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an +antidote, and let him out of prison by a secret door. Soon after his +liberation the princess Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand +supper, to which Gennaro and his companions were invited. At the close +of the banquet they were all arrested by Lucrezia after having drunk +poisoned wine. Gennaro was told he was the son of Lucrezia, and +died. Lucrezia no sooner saw him die than she died also.--Donizetti, +_Lucrezia di Borgia_ (an opera, 1835). + +BOROS'KIE (3 _syl_.), a malicious counsellor of the great-duke of +Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618). + +BOR'OUGHCLIFF (_Captain_), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited, and +slangy. "I guess," "I reckon," "I calculate," are used indifferently +by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his +boastful assertions: as, "I'm a pretty considerable favorite with the +ladies; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" "My character for valor is pretty +well known; isn't it, sergeant Drill?" "If you once saw me in battle, +you'd never forget it; would he, sergeant Drill?" "I'm a sort of a +kind of a nonentity; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" etc. He is made the +butt of Long Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece +Katharine, but the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant +Barnstable, who turns out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at +last in marrying the lady of his affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_. + +BORRE (1 _syl_.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the knights +of the Round Table. His mother was Lyonors, an earl's daughter, who +came to do homage to the young king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 15 (1470). + +[Illustration] Sir Bors de Granis is quite another person, and so is +king Bors of Gaul. + +BORRO'MEO (_Charles_), cardinal and archbishop of Milan. Immortalized +by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'an to the plague-stricken +(1538-1584). + +St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to those +stricken with the plague at Piacenza; and Mompesson to the people of +Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in +ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles. + +BORS (_King_) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [Brittany?]. +They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on +the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to aid them against +king Claudas, "a mighty man of men," who warred against them.--Sir T. +Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470). + +There are two brethren beyond the sea, and they kings both ... the one +hight king Ban of Benwieke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul, +that is, France.--Pt. i. 8. + +(Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round +Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called +sir Bors sometimes.) + +_Bors_ (_Sir_), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and +nephew of sir Launcelot. "For all women he was a virgin, save for +one, the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight +Elaine; save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid" (ch. iv.). When he +went to Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine +(daughter of king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as +good a knight as his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal +was vouchsafed him; for-- + + There came a white dove, bearing a little censer + of gold in her bill ... and a maiden that + bear the Sancgreall, and she said, "Wit ye well, + sir Bors, that this child ... shall achieve the + Sancgreall" ... then they kneeled down ... and + there was such a savor as all the spicery in the + world had been there. And when the dove took + her flight, the maiden vanished away with the + Sancgreall.--Pt. iii. 4. + +Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir + +Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily +appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the +holy greal; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the +Saviour enter it.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. +101, 102 (1470). + +N.B.--This sir Bors must not be confounded with sir Borre, a natural +son of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of the earl Sanam, pt. i. +15), nor yet with king Bors of Gaul, _i.e._, France (pt. i. 8). + +BORTELL, the bull, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). + +BOS'CAN-[ALMOGA'VÀ], a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His +poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced +the Italian style into Castilian poetry. + + Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book, + Boscan, or Garcilasso. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 95 (1819). + +BOSCOSEL, mysterious being, who brings about a reunion on earth of +friends who have long ago departed for the spirit-world.--Francis +Howard Williams, _Boscosel_ (1888). + +BOSMI'NA, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of +Scotland).--Ossian. + +BOS'N HILL. In _Poems_ by John Albee (1883) we find a legend of a dead +Bos'n (boatswain) whose whistle calls up the dead on stormy nights +when + + The wind blows wild on Bos'n Hill, + But sailors know when next they sail + Beyond the hilltop's view, + There's one amongst them shall not fail + To join the Bos'n's crew. + +BOSSU (_Réné le_), French scholar and critic (1631-1680). + + And for the epic poem your lordship bade + me look at, upon taking the length, breadth, + height, and depth of it, and trying them at + home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my + lord, in every one of its dimensions.--Sterne + (1768). + +BOSSUT (_Abbé Charles_), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814). + +(Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, among others +that of _M. l'Abbé Bossut_ in several educational works in French.) + +BOSTA'NA, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped prince +Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on "the fiery mountain." +His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two +daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bastinado and feed him +with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time, +the heart of Bostana softened towards her captive, and she released +him. Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his +wife, and became in time king of the city in which he was already +vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad"). + +BOSTOCK, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family +birth. His one and only inquiry is "How many quarterings has a person +got?" Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins, +and a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, who "is not a sprig +of the nobility."--James Shirley, _The Ball_ (1642). + +BOT'ANY (_Father of English_), W. Turner, M.D. (1520-1568). + +J.P. de Tournefort is called _The Father of Botany_ (1656-1708). + +[Illustration] Antoine de Jussieu lived 1686-1758, and his brother +Bernard 1699-1777. + +BOTHWELL (_Sergeant_), _alias_ Francis Stewart, in the royal +army.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.). + +_Bothwell (Lady)_, sister of lady Forester. + +_Sir Geoffrey Bothwell_, the husband of lady Bothwell. + +_Mrs. Margaret Bothwell_, in the introduction of the story. Aunt +Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tombstone for her own.--Sir +W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.). + +BOTTLED BEER, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin catechism +which first appeared in 1570, under the title of _Christianæ pietatis +prima Institutio, ad usum Scholarum Latine Scripta_. In 1560 he was +promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602).--Fuller, _Worthies +of England_ ("Lancashire"). + +BOTTOM (_Nick_), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound ignorance +and unbounded conceit, not without good-nature and a fair dash of +mother-wit. When the play of _Pyramus and Thisbe_ is cast, Bottom +covets every part; the lion, Thisbê, Pyramus, all have charms for him. +In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom, +on whom Puck had placed an ass's head.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer +Night's Dream_. + + Bottom. An' I may hide my face; let me play + Thisby, too: I'll speak in a monstrous little voice. + + * * * * * + + Let me play the lion, too; I will roar that I will + do any man's heart good to hear me. + + _Midsummer Night's Dream_, i. 2. + +BOUBEKIR' MUEZ'IN, of Bag dad, "a vain, proud, and envious iman, who +hated the rich because he himself was poor." When prince Zeyn Alasnam +came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probably he +was "some thief who had made himself rich by plunder." The prince's +attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and +requested the honor of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning +prayers, the iman said to the people, "I find, my brethren, that the +stranger who is come to Bag dad is a young prince possessed of a +thousand virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us protect him, +and rejoice that he has come among us."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince +Zeyn Alasnam"). + +BOUCHARD (_Sir_), a knight of Flanders, of most honorable descent. He +married Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127 +Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was +always a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a +serf. Now, Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who +had raised himself to wealth and great honor, was reduced to serfdom +because his father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard, +although a knight of royal blood became Thancmar's serf because he +married Constance, the daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The +result of this absurd law was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then +himself, Constance went mad and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each +other in fight, and all Bruges was thrown into confusion.--S. Knowles, +_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836). + +BOU'ILLON (_Godfrey duke of_), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced in +_Count Robert of Paris_, a novel by Sir W. Scott (time, Rufus). + +BOUNCE (_Mr. T_.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of +the _Times_ (or the _Turnabout_, as it was called). + +BOUND'ERBY (_Josiah_), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the "Bully +of Humility," a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic laugh. +Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he pays +£30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pretends +that "he was dragged up from the gutter to become a millionaire." Mr. +Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbor and friend, Thomas +Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854). + +BOUNTIFUL (_Lady_), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was +curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent. + + "My lady Bountiful is one of the best of women. + Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her + with £1000 a year; and I believe she lays out + one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of + her neighbors. In short, she has cured more + people in and about Lichfield within ten years + than the doctors have killed in twenty; and that's + a bold word."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' + Stratagem_, i. 1 (1705). + +BOUNTY (_Mutiny of the_), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian. The +mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn Island (Polynesian Archipelago). +In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander Smith), who +had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch +of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the British +Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in _The Island_, has made the "mutiny +of the _Bounty_" the basis of his tale, but the facts are greatly +distorted. + +BOUS'TRAPA, a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of the +first syllables of _Bou_ [logne], _Stra_ [sbourg], _Pa_[ris], and +alludes to his escapades in 1836, 1840, 1851 (_coup d'état_). + +No man ever lived who was distinguished by more nicknames than Louis +Napoleon. Besides the one above mentioned, he was called _Badinguet, +Man of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Verhuel_, etc.; and after his +escape from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of _count +Arenenberg_. + +BOWER OF BLISS, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It +abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure. +Here Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he +ultimately broke from the enchantress and rejoined the war.--Tasso, +_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +_Bower of Bliss_, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and +most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating +island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the +senses, and "wrap the spirit in forgetfulness."--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, ii. 12 (1590). + +BOWKIT, in _The Son-in-Law._ + +In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on +account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing "Bowkit" at the +Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, "_Ugly?_" and then advancing +to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, "I submit to the +decision of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us +three: I, old Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the +balcony box?"--_Cornhill Magazine_ (1867). + +BOWLEY (_Sir Joseph_), M.P., who facetiously calls himself "the poor +man's friend." His secretary is Fish.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ +(1844). + +BOWLING (_Lieutenant Tom_), an admirable naval character in Smollett's +_Roderick Random._ Dibdin wrote a naval song _in memoriam_ of Tom +Bowling, beginning thus: + + Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling, + The darling of the crew ... + +BOWYER (_Master_), usher of the black rod in the court of queen +Elizabeth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +BOWZYBE'US (4 _syl._), the drunkard, rioted for his songs in Gray's +pastorals, called _The Shepherd's Week_. He sang of "Nature's Laws," +of "Fairs and Shows," "The Children in the Wood," "Chevy Chase," +"Taffey Welsh," "Rosamond's Bower," "Lilly-bullero," etc. The 6th +pastoral is in imitation of Virgil's 6th _Ecl_., and Bowzybëus is a +vulgarized Silenus. + + That Bowzybeus, who with jocund tongue, + Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung. + Gay, _Pastoral_, vi. (1714). + +BOX AND COX, a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal +characters of which are Box and Cox. + +BOY BACHELOR _(The)_, William Wotton, D.D., admitted at St. +Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of +B.A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726). + +BOY BISHOP _(The)_, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth +century). + +(There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral +choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy +possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was +buried _in pontificalibus_. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In +Salisbury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the +verger says was made for a boy bishop.) + +BOY BLUE _(Little)_ is the subject of a poem in Eugene Field's _Little +Book of Western Verse_. + + The little toy-dog is covered with dust, + But sturdy and staunch he stands; + And the little toy-soldier is red with rust, + And his musket moulds in his hands. + Time was when the little toy-dog was new, + And the soldier was passing fair, + And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue + Kissed them and put them there. + + Ay, faithful to Little Boy Blue they stand, + Each in the same old place, + Awaiting the touch of a little hand, + The smile of a little face. (1889.) + +BOY CRUCIFIED. It is said that some time during the dark ages, a boy +named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach, on the Rhine, by +the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on +the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William +of Norwich are instances of a similar story. + + See how its currents gleam and shine ... + As if the grapes were stained with the blood + Of the innocent boy who, some years back, + Was taken and crucified by the Jews + In that ancient town of Bacharach. + +Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +BOYET', one of the lords attending on the princess of +France.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_ (1594). + +BOYTHORN (_Laurence_), a robust gentleman with the voice of a +Stentor; a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious +sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his +finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady +Dedlock's sister. But "the good old times--all times when old are +good--were gone."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +("Laurence Boythorn" is a caricature of W. S. Landor; as "Harold +Skimpole," in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.) + +BOZ, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed +_Moses_, in honor of "Moses Primrose" in the _Vicar of Wakefield_. +Children called the name _Bozes_, which got shortened into _Boz_ +(1812-1870). + +BOZZY, James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson +(1740-1795). + +BRABAN'TIO, a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na; most proud, +arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the "insolence" of Othello in +marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have +been drugged with love-potions so to demean herself.--Shakespeare, +_Othello_ (1611). + +BRAC'CIO, commissary of the republic of Florence, employed in picking +up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble Moor, +who commanded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The Florentines +hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly cancel +their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to +confess. This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so +clear in his great office, that his virtues would plead like angels, +trumpet-tongued, against the council which should censure him.--Robert +Browning, _Luria_. + +BRAC'IDAS AND AM'IDAS, the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love +with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy. +Their father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size +and value, but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother +and added to the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook +Bracidas for the richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken, +jumped into the sea. A floating chest attracted her attention, she +clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas +received her kindly. The chest was found to contain property of great +value, and Lucy gave it to Bracidas, together with herself, "the +better of them both." Amidas and Philtra claimed the chest as their +right, and the dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal +decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his own all the additions which +the sea had given to his island, so Lucy might claim as her own the +chest which the sea had given into her hands.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, +v. 4 (1596). + +BRAEKENBURY _(Lord)_, English peer of nomadic tastes. He disappears +from his world, leaving the impression that he has been murdered, that +he may live unhampered by class-obligations.--Amelia B. Edwards, _Lord +Brackenbury_. + +Bracy _(Sir Maurice de_), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady +Rowen'a to become his bride, and threatens to kill both Cedric and +Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is interrupted, and at the close +of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, +Richard I.). + +BRAD'AMANT, daughter of Amon and Beatrice, sister of Rinaldo, and +niece of Charlemagne. She was called the _Virgin Knight._ Her armor +was white, and her plume white. She loved Roge'ro the Moor, but +refused to marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great +pomp and Rogero's victory over Rodomont form the subject of the last +book of _Orlando Furioso_. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear, +which unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar +spear.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +BRAD'BOURNE (_Mistress Lilias_), waiting-woman of lady Avenel +(2 _syl_.), at Avenel Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +BRADWARDINE (_Como Cosmyne_), baron of Bradwardine and of Tully +Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant. + +_Rose Bradwardine_, his daughter, the heroine of the novel, which +concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the +manor-house of Tully Veolan. + +_Malcolm Bradwardine_ of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old +baron.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +BRADY (_Martha_), a young "Irish widow" twenty-three years of age, +and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick +O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of sixty-three, wanted +to oust his nephew in her affections, for he thought her "so modest, +so mild, so tenderhearted, so reserved, so domestic. Her voice was so +sweet, with just a _soupçon_ of the brogue to make it enchanting." In +order to break off this detestable passion of the old man, the widow +assumed the airs and manners of a boisterous, loud, flaunting, +extravagant, low Irishwoman, deeply in debt, and abandoned to +pleasure. Old Whittle, thoroughly frightened, induced his nephew to +take the widow off his hands, and gave him £5000 as a _douceur_ for so +doing.--Garrick, _The Irish Widow_ (1757). + +BRAG (_Jack_), a vulgar boaster, who gets into good society, where his +vulgarity stands out in strong relief.--Theodore Hook, _Jack Brag_ (a +novel). + +_Brag_ (_Sir Jack_), general John Burgoyne (died 1792). + +BRAGANZA (_Juan duke of_). In 1580 Philip II. of Spain claimed the +crown of Portugal, and governed it by a regent. In 1640 Margaret was +regent, and Velasquez her chief minister, a man exceedingly obnoxious +to the Portuguese. Don Juan and his wife Louisa of Braganza being +very popular, a conspiracy was formed to shake off the Spanish yoke. +Velasquez was torn to death by the populace, and don Juan of Braganza +was proclaimed king. + +_Louisa duchess of Braganza_. Her character is thus described: + + +Bright Louisa, To all the softness of her tender sex, Unites the +noblest qualities of man: A genius to embrace the amplest schemes... +Judgment most sound, persuasive eloquence... Pure piety without +religious dross, And fortitude that shrinks at no disaster. Robert +Jephson, _Braganza_, i. 1 (1775). + +Mrs. Bellamy took her leave of the stage May 24, 1785. On this +occasion Mrs. Yates sustained the part of the "duchess of Braganza," +and Miss Farren spoke the address.--F. Reynolds. + + +BRAGELA, daughter of Sorglan, and wife of Cuthullin (general of the +Irish army and regent during the minority of king Cormac).--Ossian, +_Fingal_. + +BRAGGADO´CIO, personification of the intemperance of the tongue. For a +time his boasting serves him with some profit, but being found out, +he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. His _shield_ is claimed by +Mar´inel; his _horse_ by Guyon; Talus shaves off his beard; and his +lady is shown to be a sham Florimel.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 8 +and 10, with v. 3. + +It is thought that Philip of Spain was the academy figure of +"Braggadocio." + +_Braggadocio's Sword_, San´glamore (_3 syl_). + +BRAGMAR´DO (_Jano´tus de_), the sophister sent by the Parisians to +Gargantua, to remonstrate with him for carrying off the bells +of Notre-Dame to suspend round the neck of his mare for +jingles.--Rabelais, _Gargantua and Pantag´ruel´_, ii. (1533). + +BRAHMIN CASTE OF NEW ENGLAND, term used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in +_Elsie Venner_ to describe an intellectual aristocracy: "Our scholars +come chiefly from a privileged order just as our best fruits come from +well-known grafts."--_Elsie Venner_ (1863). + +BRAIN'WORM, the servant of Knowell, a man of infinite shifts, and a +regular Proteus in his metamorphoses. He appears first as Brainworm; +after as Fitz-Sword; then as a reformed soldier whom Knowell takes +into his service; then as justice Clement's man; and lastly as valet +to the courts of law, by which devices he plays upon the same clique +of some half-dozen men of average intelligence.--Ben Jonson, _Every +Man in His Humour_ (1598). + +BRAKEL (_Adrian_), the gipsy mountebank, formerly master of Fenella, +the deaf and dumb girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, +Charles II.). + +BRAMBLE (_Matthew_), an "odd kind of humorist," "always on the fret," +dyspeptic, and afflicted with gout, but benevolent, generous, and +kind-hearted. + +_Miss Tabitha Bramble_, an old maiden sister of Matthew Bramble, of +some forty-five years of age, noted for her bad spelling. She is +starched, vain, prim, and ridiculous; soured in temper, proud, +imperious, prying, mean, malicious, and uncharitable. She contrives at +last to marry captain Lismaha'go, who is content to take "the maiden" +for the sake of her £4000. + +_Bramble (Sir Robert_), a baronet living at Blackberry Hall, Kent. +Blunt and testy, but kind-hearted; "charitable as a Christian, and +rich as a Jew;" fond of argument and contradiction, but detesting +flattery; very proud, but most considerate to his poorer neighbors. In +his first interview with lieutenant Worthington, "the poor gentleman," +the lieutenant mistook him for a bailiff come to arrest him, but sir +Roflert nobly paid the bill for £500 when it was presented to him for +signature as sheriff of the county. + +_Frederick Bramble_, nephew of sir Robert, and son of Joseph Bramble, +a Russian merchant. His father having failed in business, Frederick is +adopted by his rich uncle. He is full of life and noble instincts, +but thoughtless and impulsive. Frederick falls in love with Emily +Worthington, whom he marries.--G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802). + +BRA´MINE (_2 syl._) AND BRA´MIN (_The_), Mrs. Elizabeth Draper and +Laurence Sterne. Sterne being a clergyman, and Mrs. Draper having been +born in India, suggested the names. Ten of Sterne's letters to Mrs. +Draper are published, and called _Letters to Eliza_. + +BRAN, the dog of Lamderg the lover of Gelchossa (daughter of +Tuathal).--Ossian, _Fingal_, v. + +[Illustration] Fingal king of Morven had a dog of the same name, and +another named Luäth. + + Call White-breasted Bran and the surly + strength of Luäth.--Ossian, _Fingal_, vi. + +BRAND (_Ethan_), an ex-lime burner in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story of +the same name, who, fancying he has committed the Unpardonable Sin, +commits suicide by leaping into the burning kiln. + +_Brand_ (_Sir Denys_), a county magnate, who apes humility. He rides a +sorry brown nag "not worth £5," but mounts his groom on a race-horse +"twice victor for a plate." + +BRAN´DAMOND of Damascus, whom sir Bevis of Southampton defeated. + +That dreadful battle where with Brandamond he fought. And with his +sword and steed such earthly wonders wrought As e'en among his foes +him admiration won. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612). + +BRAN'DAN (_Island of St_.) or ISLAND of SAN BORANDAN, a flying island, +so late as 1755 set down in geographical charts west of the Canary +group. In 1721 an expedition was sent by Spain in quest thereof. +The Spaniards say their king Rodri'go has retreated there, and the +Portuguese affirm that it is the retreat of their don Sebastian. It +was called St. Brandan from a navigator of the sixth century, who went +in search of the "Islands of Paradise." + +Its reality was for a long time a matter of firm belief ... the garden +of Armi'da, where Rinaldo was detained, and which Tasso places in +one of the Canary Isles, has been identified with San Borandan.--W. +Irving. + +(If there is any truth at all in the legend, the island must be +ascribed to the Fata Morgana.) + +BRAN'DEUM, plu. _Brandea_, a piece of cloth enclosed in a box with +relics, which thus acquired the same miraculous powers as the relics +themselves. + +Pope Leo proved this fact beyond a doubt, for when some Greeks +ventured to question it, he cut a brandeum through with a pair of +scissors, and it was instantly covered with blood.--J. Brady, _Clavis +Calendaria_, 182. + +BRAN'DIMART, brother-in-law of Orlando, son of Monodantês, and husband +of For'delis. This "king of the Distant Islands" was one of +the bravest knights in Charlemagne's army, and was slain by +Gradasso.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorata_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +BRAND, a term often applied to the sword in medaeval romances. + + Thou therefore take my brand Excalibur, + Which was my pride-- + Tennyson, _The Morte d'Arthur._ + +BRANGTONS (_The_), vulgar, jealous, malicious gossips in _Evelina_, a +novel by Miss Burney (1778). + +BRANNO, an Irishman, father of Evirallin. Evirallin was the wife of +Ossian and mother of Oscar.--Ossian. + +BRASS, the roguish confederate of Dick Amlet, and acting as his +servant. + + "I am your valet, 'tis true; your footman + sometimes ... but you have always had the + ascendant, I confess. When we were school-fellows, + you made me carry your books, make your + exercise, own your rogueries, and sometimes take + a whipping for you. When we were fellow-'prentices, + though I was your senior, you made + me open the shop, clean my master's boots, cut + last at dinner, and eat all the crusts. In your + sins, too, I must own you still kept me under; + you soared up to the mistress, while I was content + with the maid."--Sir John Yanbrugh, _The Confederacy_, + iii. 1 (1695). + +_Brass (Sampson)_, a knavish, servile attorney, affecting great +sympathy with his clients, but in reality fleecing them without mercy. + +_Sally Brass_, Sampson's sister, and an exaggerated edition of her +brother.--C. Dickens, _Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840). + +BRAVE (_The_), Alfonzo IV. of Portugal (1290-1357). + +_The Brave Fleming_, John Andrew van der Mersch (1734-1792). + +_The Bravest of the Brave_, Marshal Ney, _Le Brave des Braves_ +(1769-1815). + +BRAY (_Mr._), a selfish, miserly old man, who dies suddenly of +heart-disease, just in time to save his daughter from being sacrificed +to Arthur Gride, a rich old miser. + +_Madeline Bray_, daughter of Mr. Bray, a loving, domestic, beautiful +girl, who marries Nicholas Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ +(1838). + +_Bray (Vicar of)_, supposed by some to be Simon Aleyn, who lived +(says Fuller) "in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and +Elizabeth. In the first two reigns he was a _protestant_, in Mary's +reign a _catholic_, and in Elizabeth's a _protestant_ again." No +matter who was king, Simon Aleyn resolved to live and die "the vicar +of Bray" (1540-1588). + +Others think the vicar was Simon Symonds, who (according to Ray) was +an _independent_ in the protectorate, a _high churchman_ in the reign +of Charles II., a _papist_ under James II., and a _moderate churchman_ +in the reign of William III. + +Others again give the cap to one Pendleton. + +[Illustration] The well-known song was written by an officer in +colonel Fuller's regiment, in the reign of George I., and seems to +refer to some clergyman of no very distant date. + +BRAY´MORE (_Lady Caroline_), daughter of lord Fitz-Balaam. She was to +have married Frank Rochdale, but hearing that her "intended" loved +Mary Thornberry, she married the Hon. Tom Shuffleton.--G. Colman, +jun., _John Bull_ (1805). + +BRAZEN (_Captain_), a kind of Bobadil. A boastful, tongue-doughty +warrior, who pretends to know everybody; to have a liaison with every +wealthy, pretty, or distinguished woman; and to have achieved in war +the most amazing prodigies. + +BRAZEN HEAD. The first on record is one which Sylvester II. +(_Gerbert_) possessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till +he had sung mass at Jerusalem. When pope he was stricken with his +death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem +(999-1003). + +The next we hear of was made by Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253). + +The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which cost +him thirty years' labor, and was broken to pieces by his disciple +Thomas Aqui´nas (1193-1280). + +The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, "Time is, time +was, time comes." Byron refers to it in the lines: + + Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken, + "Time is, time was, time's past [?]" + _Don Juan_, i. 217 (1819). + +Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a +sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian. + +_Brazen Head_ (_The_), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant +Fer´ragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who +consulted it whatever they desired to know, past, present, or +future.--_Valentine and Orson_. + +BREAKFAST TABLE (_Autocrat of_). See AUTOCRAT. + +BREAKING A STICK is part of the marriage ceremony of the American +Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony +of the Jews.--Lady Augusta Hamilton, _Marriage Rites, etc._, pp. 292, +298. + +In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the +Virgin Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that +the several suitors of the "virgin" were each to bring an almond stick +which was to be laid up in the sanctuary over night, and the owner of +the stick which budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained, +and thus Joseph became her husband.--B.H. Cowper, _Apocryphal Gospel_ +("Pseudo-Matthew's Gospel," 40, 41). + +In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their +sticks on the back of Joseph. + +BREC´AN, a mythical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by one +wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed into +rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Brecknockshire, according +to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.) + + Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great + (Who dying lent his name to that his noble seat), + With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife. + They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life, + To rivers were transformed; whose pureness doth declare + How excellent they were by being what they are ... + ..._[they]_ to Severn shape their course. + M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612). + +BREC'HAN (_Prince_), father of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the former a +martyr and the latter a confessor. + +BRECK (_Alison_), an old fishwife, friend of the Mucklebackits.--Sir +W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Greorge III.). + +_Breck (Angus)_, a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw.--Sir W. +Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, Greorge I.). + +BREITMAN (_Hans_), the giver of the entertainment celebrated in +Charles Godfrey Leland's dialect verses, _Hans Breitman gave a Party_. +A favorite with parlor and platform "readers." (1871.) + +BREN´DA [TROIL], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +BRENG´WAIN, the confidante of Is´olde (_2 syl._) wife of sir Mark +king of Cornwall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir +Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues. + +_Breng´wain_, wife of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +BRENNETT (_Maurice_), a man whom "life had always cast for the leading +business" and who "bears himself in a manner befitting the title +rôle." In pursuance of this destiny he becomes a mining speculator, +betrays his confiding partner and everybody else who will trust, and +when success seems within his grasp is thwarted by the discovery of +a man he had supposed to be dead. The woman he would have married to +secure her fortune, around which he had woven the fine web of his +schemes, breaks out impetuously: + +"If you will prove his complicity ... I will pursue him to the ends of +the earth." + +At that moment through the window she sees the head-light of the train +that is bearing Maurice Brennett away into the darkness. The thorough +search made for him afterward is futile.--Charles Egbert Craddock, +_Where the Battle was Fought_ (1885). + +BRENTA´NO (_A_), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens +and his sister Bettina, are remarkable in German literary annals for +the wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work, +_Göthe's Correspondence with a Child_ (1835), is a pure fabrication of +her own. + + At the point where the folly of others ceases, + that of the Brentanos begins.--_German Proverb_. + +BRENTFORD (_The two kings of_). In the duke of Buckingham's farce +called _The Rehearsal_ (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter +hand-in-hand, dance together, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to +heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the +same nosegay (act ii. 2). + +BRETWALDA, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in England +during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called emperor. The +bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the under-kings, but in +times of war or danger formed an important centre. + +BREWER OF GHENT (_The_), James van Artevelde, a great patriot. His son +Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century). + +BREWSTER (_William_). _The Life and Death of William Brewster_, elder +in the first church planted in Massachusetts, was written by his +colleague William Bradford (1630-1650). After a feeling eulogy upon +his departed friend, he remarks, parenthetically: "He always thought +it were better for ministers to pray oftener and divide their prayers, +than be long and tedious in the same (except upon solemn and special +occasions, as in days of humiliation and the like). His reason was +that the hearts and spirits of all, especially the weak, continue and +stand bent (as it were) so long towards God as they ought to do in +that duty without flagging and falling off." This is a remarkable +deliverance for a day when two-hour prayers were the rule, and from +a man who, his biographer tells us, "had a singular good gift in +prayer." + +BRIA´NA, the lady of a castle who demanded for toll "the locks of +every lady and the beard of every knight that passed." This toll was +established because sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused +to marry her till she had provided him with human hair sufficient to +"purfle a mantle" with. Sir Crudor, having been overthrown in knightly +combat by sir Calidore, who refused to pay "the toll demanded," is +made to release Briana from the condition imposed on her, and Briana +swears to discontinue the discourteous toll.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, +vi. 1 (1596). + +BRI´ANOR (_Sir_), a knight overthrown by the "Salvage Knight," whose +name was sir Artegal.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596). + +BRIAR´EOS (_4 syl._), usually called Briareus [_Bri´.a.ruce_], the +giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, "And Briareus, with +all his hundred hands" (_Virgil_, vi.); but Milton writes the name +Briareos (_Paradise Lost_, i. 199). + + Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came, + Whom gods Briareos, men Ægeon name. + Pope, _Iliad_, i. + +BRI´AREUS (_Bold_), Handel (1685-1757). + +BRI´AREUS OF LANGUAGES, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with +fifty-eight different languages. Byron calls him "a walking polyglot" +(1774-1849). + +BRIBO´CI, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent counties.--Cæsar, +_Commentaries_. + +BRICK (_Jefferson_), a very weak pale young man, the war correspondent +of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, of which colonel Diver was +editor.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +BRIDE OF ABY´DOS (_The_), Zulei´ka (_3 syl._), daughter of Giaffer (_2 +syl._), pacha of Abydos. She is the troth-plight bride of Selim; but +Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart.--Byron, +_Bride of Abydos_ (1813). + +BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of +Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. +She tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day +following.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William +III.). + +[Illustration] _The Bride of Lammermoor_ is one of the most finished +of Scott's novels, presenting a unity of plot and action from +beginning to end. The old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and +far too prominent, but he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes. + + In _The Bride of Lammermoor_ we see embodied + the dark spirit of fatalism--that spirit which + breathes on the writings of the Greek tragedians + when they traced the persecuting vengeance of + destiny against the houses of Laius and Atreus. + From the time that we hear the prophetic rhymes + the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us, + till they close the tale in a night of horror.--Ed. + Rev. + +BRIDE OF THE SEA, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of the +doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it, +pronouncing these words, "We wed thee, O sea, in token of perpetual +domination." + +BRIDGE. The imaginary bridge between earth and the Mohammedan paradise +is called "Al Sirat´." + +The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian +mythology is called "Bif´rost." + +BRIDGE OF GOLD. According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit +crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in reasons of plenty, +and blesses both cornfields and vineyards. + + Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, + Upon thy bridge of gold. + Longfellow, _Autumn_. + +BRIDGE OF SIGHS, the covered passageway which connects the palace +of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called "the Bridge of +Sighs," because the condemned passed over it from the judgment hall to +the place of execution. Hood has a poem called _The Bridge of Sighs_. + +BRIDGEMORE (_Mr._), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest merchant, +wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a _soirée_ given by +lord Abberville, "and counts the servants, gapes at the lustres, and +never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below, chatting with +the travelling tutor." + +_Mrs. Bridgemore_, wife of Mr. Bridgemore, equally vulgar, but with +more pretension to gentility. + +_Miss Lucinda Bridgemore_, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious +daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was +engaged to lord Abberville, but her money would not out-balance her +vulgarity and ill-temper, so the young "fashionable lover" made his +bow and retired.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780). + +BRIDGENORTH (_Major Ralph_), a roundhead and conspirator, neighbor of +sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier. + +_Mrs. Bridgenorth_, the major's wife. + +_Alice Bridgenorth_, the major's daughter and heroine of the +novel. Her marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the +novel.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +BRID´GET (_Miss_), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel called +_The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750). + + It has been wondered why Fielding should + have chosen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on + the birth of his hero ... but had Miss Bridget + been privately married ... there could have + been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the + birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable + and compassionate as Allworthy.--_Encyc. + Brit._ Art. "Fielding." + +_Brid´get (Mrs.)_, in Sterne's novel called _The Life and Opinions of +Tristram Shandy, Gent._ (1759). + +_Bridget (Mother)_, aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St. +Catherine.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Bridget (May)_, the milkwoman at Falkland Castle.--Sir W. Scott, +_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +BRIDGE´WARD (_Peter_), the bridgekeeper of Kennaquhair ("I know not +where").--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Bridgeward (Peter)_, warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He +refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of +lady Alice.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +BRIDLE. John Grower says that Rosiphele princess of Armenia, +insensible to love, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly +mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred +except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was +informed that she was disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her +lovers, but that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because +the obdurate girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love. +Moral--Hence let ladies warning take-- + + Of love that they be not idle, + And bid them think of my bridle. + _Confessio Amantis_ ("Episode of Rosiphele," + 1325-1402). + +BRIDLEGOOSE _(Judge)_, a judge who decided the causes brought before +him, not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more simple +process of throwing dice. Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_, iii. 39 (1545.) + +BRI´DLESLY (_Joe_), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian +Peveril buys a horse.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, +Charles II.). + +BRID´OISON _[Bree.dwoy.zong´]_, a stupid judge in the _Mariage de +Figaro_, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784). + +BRIDOON (_Corporal_), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment.--Sir W. Scott, +_Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +BRIEN´NIUS (_Nicephorus_), the Cæsar of the Grecian empire, and +husband of Anna Comne´na (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of +Greece).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +BRIGADO´RE (4 _syl._), sir Guyon's horse. The word means "Golden +saddle."--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 3 (1596). + +BRIGAN´TES (3 _syl._), called by Drayton _Brig´ants_, the people of +Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Durham. + + Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed, + The powerful English established ... Northumberland [_Northumbria_]. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +BRIGGS, one of the ten young gentlemen in the school of Dr. Blimber +when Paul Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was nicknamed the "Stoney," +because his brains were petrified by the constant dropping of wisdom +upon them.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +BRIGLIADORO [_Bril´.ye.dor´.ro_], Orlando's steed. The word means +"Gold bridle."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's _Faëry Queen_, is called by a similar +name. + +BRILLIANT _(Sir Philip)_, a great fop, but brave soldier, like the +famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but +would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. "A +butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector on the battle-field." +He was a "blade of proof; you might laugh at the scabbard, but you +wouldn't at the blade." He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his +vanities, and marries.--S. Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841). + +BRILLIANT MADMAN _(The)_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718). + +BRILLIANTA _(The lady)_, a great wit in the ancient romance entitled +_Tirante le Blanc_, author unknown. + +Here (in _Tirante le Blanc_) we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie +Elyson of Montalban, his brother Thomas, the knight Fonseca ... the +stratagems of the widow Tranquil ... and the witticisms of +lady Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever +written.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605). + +BRIS _(Il conte di San)_, governor of the Louvre. He is father of +Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre.--Meyerbeer, +_Les Huguenots_ (1836). + +BRISAC' _(Justice)_, brother of Miramont. + +_Charles Brisac_, a scholar, son of justice Brisac. + +_Eustace Brisac_, a courtier, brother of Charles.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637). + +BRISE'IS _(3 syl.)_, whose real name was Hippodamï'a, was the daughter +of Brisês, brother of the priest Chrysês. She was the concubine of +Achillês, but when Achillês bullied Agamemnon for not giving Chryse'is +to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned upon +him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis +instead.--Homer, _Iliad_, i. + +BRISK, a good-natured conceited coxcomb, with a most voluble tongue. +Fond of saying "good things," and pointing them out with such +expressions as "There I had you, eh?" "That was pretty well, egad, +eh?" "I hit you in the teeth there, egad!" His ordinary oath was "Let +me perish!" He makes love to lady Froth.--W. Congreve, _The Double +Dealer_ (1694). + +BRIS'KIE (2 _syl_.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain in +the Moscovite army, and brother of general Archas "the loyal subject" +of the great-duke of Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal +Subject_ (1618). + +BRIS'SOTIN, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an advanced +revolutionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the +Girondists, and the word dropped out of use. + +BRISTOL BOY (_The_), Thomas Chatterton, the poet, born at Bristol. +Also called "The Marvellous Boy." Byron calls him "The wondrous boy +who perished in his pride" (1752-1770). + +BRITAN'NIA. The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by +the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance +thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less +poetically expressed by "An old witch on a broomstick." + +The effigy of Britannia on British copper coin dates from the reign +of Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by +Evelyn. It is meant for one of the king's court favorites, some say +Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara +Villiers, duchess of Cleveland. + +BRITISH HISTORY of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a Welsh +Chronicle. It is in nine books, and contains a "history" of the +Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan Æneas to the +death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey was first +archdeacon of Monmouth and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general +outline of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three +centuries previously. Geoffrey's _Chronicle_, published about 1143, +formed a basis for many subsequent historical works. A compendium by +Diceto is published in Gale's _Chronicles_. + +BRIT'OMART, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter and +heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book +of the _Faëry Queen_. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass, +given by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell +in love with him. Her nurse Glaucê (2 _syl_.) tried by charms "to undo +her love," but love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can +remove. Finding her "charms" ineffectual, she took her to Merlin's +cave in Caermarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother +of a line of kings (_the Tudors_), and after twice 400 years one of +her offspring, "a royal virgin," would shake the power of Spain. +Glaucê now suggested that they should start in quest of sir Artegal, +and Britomart donned the armor of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which +she found in her father's armory, and taking a magic spear which +"nothing could resist," she sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize +the triumph of chastity over impurity: Thus in Castle Joyous, +Malacasta _(lust)_, not knowing her sex, tried to seduce her, "but she +flees youthful lust, which wars against the soul." She next overthrew +Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then made her appearance as the Squire of +Dames. Her last achievement was the deliverance of Am'oret _(wifely +love)_ from the enchanter Busirane. Her marriage is deferred to bk. v. +6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who "shares away the ventail of +her helmet with his sword," and was about to strike again when he +became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she must be a goddess. +She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once recognized him, +consented "to be his love, and to take him for her lord."--Spenser, +_Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590). + +She charmed at once and tamed the heart, Incomparable Britomart. + +Sir W. Scott. + +BRITON _(Colonel)_, a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump +from a window in order to escape from a marriage she dislikes. The +colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her +friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante, +supposing Violante to be the object of his visits, becomes jealous, +till at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is +the result.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Wonder_ (1714). + +BROB'DINGNAG, a country of enormous giants, to whom Gulliver was a +tiny dwarf. They were as tall "as an ordinary church steeple," and all +their surroundings were in proportion. + +Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husband must come from +Brobdingnag. Kane O'Hara, _Midas_. + +BROCK _(Adam)_, in _Charles XII._, an historical drama by J. E. +Planché. + +BROKEN-GIRTH-FLOW (_Laird of_), one of the Jacobite conspirators in +_The Black Dwarf_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne). + +BROKER OF THE EMPIRE (_The_). Dari´us, son of Hystaspês, was so called +by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of his +empire. + +BRO´MIA, wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of +Alcme´na. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat +subjection. She is not one of the characters in Molière's comedy of +_Amphitryon_.--Dryden, _Amphitryon_ (1690). + +BROMTON'S CHRONICLE (time, Edward III.), that is, "The Chronicle of +John Bromton" printed among the _Decem Scriptores_, under the titles +of "Chronicon Johannis Bromton," and "Joralanensis Historia a Johanne +Bromton," abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the +conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death +of Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not +_written_ by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was +abbot. + +BRON´TES (2 _syl._), one of the Cyclops, hence a blacksmith generally. +Called Bronteus (2 _syl._), by Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596). + + Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand, + The ponderous hammer falls from Brontês' hand. + _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (Hool's translation). + +BRONZELY (2 _syl._), a mere rake, whose vanity was to be thought "a +general seducer."--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were, and Maids as +they Are_ (1797). + +BRON´ZOMARTE (3 _syl._), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves. +The word means a "mettlesome sorrel."--Smollett, _Sir Launcelot +Greaves_ (1756). + +BROOK (_Master_), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff +makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him +every item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped +Ford by being carried out in a buck-basket before his very +face.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601). + +BROOKE (_Dorothea_), calm, queenly heroine of _Middlemarch_, by George +Eliot. + +BROO'KER, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of revenge, +called him "Smike," and put him to school at Dotheboy's Hall, +Yorkshire.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838). + +BROOKS OF SHEFFIELD, name by which Murdstone alludes to David +Copperfield in novel of that name. + +BROTHER JON'ATHAN. When Washington was in want of ammunition, he +called a council of officers; but no practical suggestion being +offered, he said, "We must consult brother Jonathan," meaning his +excellency Jonathan Trumbull, the elder governor of the state of +Connecticut. This was done, and the difficulty surmounted. "To consult +brother Jonathan" then became a set phrase, and "Brother Jonathan" +became the "John Bull" of the United States.--J. R. Bartlett, +_Dictionary of Americanisms_. + +BROTHER SAM, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy based +on a German drama, by John Oxenford, with additions and alterations by +E. A. Sothern and T. B. Buckstone.--Supplied by T. B. Buckstone, Esq. + +BROWDIE (_John_), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff, +brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is +much, attached to Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda +Price, a miller's daughter.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838). + +BROWN (_Hablot_) illustrated some of Dickens's novels and took the +pseudonym of "Phiz" (1812-). + +_Brown (Jonathan)_, landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here +Frank Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ +(time, George I.). + +_Brown (Mrs.)_, the widow of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs. +Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to +Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty, +her only known vocation being to "strip children of their clothes, +which she sold or pawned."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +_Brown (Mrs.)_, a "Mrs. John Bull," with all the practical sense, +kind-heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a +well-to-do but half-educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class. +She passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about, +taking with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is +not English.--Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose]. + +_Brown (Tom)_, hero of _Tom Brown's School-Days_ and _Tom Brown at +Oxford_, by Thomas Hughes. + +_Brown (Vanbeest)_, lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy +Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON, three Englishmen who travel together. +Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in _Punch_. In them +is held up to ridicule the _gaucherie_, the contracted notions, the +vulgarity, the conceit, and the general snobbism of the middle-class +English abroad. + +BROWN OF CALAVERAS, a dissipated blackleg and ne'er-do-weel, whose +handsome wife, arriving unexpectedly from the East, retrieves his +fortune and risks his honor by falling in love with another man, a +brother-gambler.--Bret Harte, _Brown of Calaveras_ (1871). + +BROWN THE YOUNGER (_Thomas_), the _nom de plume_ of Thomas Moore in +_The Two-Penny Post-Bag_, a series of witty and very popular satires +on the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his +boon companions. Also in _The Fudge Family in Paris_, and in _The +Fudges in England_ (1835). + +BROWNE (_General_), pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for +the night is the "tapestried chamber," where he sees the apparition of +"the lady in the sacque," and next morning relates his adventure.--Sir +W. Scott, _The Tapestried Chamber_ (time, George III.). + +BROWNLOW, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist +from his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of +theft, although appearances were certainly against him, and he even +takes the boy into his service.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +BROWNS. _To astonish the Browns_, to do or say something regardless of +the annoyance it may cause, or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy. +Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or "country cousins," who were +welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, however, was +quick to see what was _gauche_, and did not scruple to reprove them +for uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to "astonish +the Browns." + +BROX´MOUTH (_John_), a neighbor of Happer the miller.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +BRUCE (_Mr. Robert_), mate on a bark trading between Liverpool and St. +John's, N.B., sees a man writing in the captain's cabin, a stranger +who disappears after pencilling certain lines on the slate. These +prove a providential warning by which the vessel escapes certain +destruction. The story is told by Robert Dale Owen in _Footfalls on +the Boundary of Another World_, and vouched for as authentic (1860). + +_Bruce (The)_, an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395). + +BRU´EL, the name of the goose in the tale of _Reynard the Fox_. The +word means the "Little roarer" (1498). + +BRU´IN, the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the +Fox_. Hence a bear in general. + +The word means "the brown one" (1498). + +_Bru´in_, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for +one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for +valor at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [_Joshua Gosling_, landlord +of the bear-gardens at Southwark].--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 3. + +_Bruin_ (_Mrs._ and _Mr._), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob +Jollup. Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with +scant courtesy.--S. Foote, _The Mayor of Garratt_ (1763). + +BRULGRUD'DERY (_Dennis_), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush Heath. +He calls himself "an Irish gintleman bred and born." He was "brought +up to the church," _i.e._ to be a church beadle, but lost his place +for snoring at sermon-time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart, and +is honest in great matters, although in business he will palm off an +old cock for a young capon. + +_Mrs. Brulgruddery_, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge, +former landlord of the Red Cow. Unprincipled, self-willed, +ill-tempered, and over-reaching. Money is the only thing that moves +her, and when she has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service +to the finest point.--G. Colman, jun., _John Bull_ (1805). + +BRUN'CHEVAL "the Bold," a paynim knight, who tilted with sir +Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first +encounter.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 4 (1596). + +BRUNEL'O, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole +Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it. +He also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he released +Roge'ro from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says +that Agramant gave the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting +magic.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); and Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +"I," says Sancho, "slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had +time enough to clap four stakes under the four corners of my pannel +and to lead away the beast from under my legs without waking +me."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 4 (1615). + +BRUNETTA, mother of Chery (who married his cousin Fairstar).--Comtesse +D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar," 1682). + +_Brunetta_, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis +procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse +her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the +same material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified +that she went home and died.--_The Spectator_. + +BRUNHILD, queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her +who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength: (1) +hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. Günther king +of Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried +succeeded in winning the martial queen. _First_, hurling a spear that +three men could scarcely lift: the queen hurled it towards Günther, +but Siegfried, in his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing +it to strike the queen and knock her down. _Next_, throwing a stone so +huge that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it: Brunhild lifted +it on high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again +Siegfried helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond +the stone. The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liegemen, +"I am no longer your queen and mistress; henceforth are ye the +liegemen of Günther" (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so +obstreperous that the king again applied to Siegfried, who succeeded +in depriving her of her ring and girdle, after which she became a very +submissive wife.--_The Niebelungen Lied_. + +BRU´NO (_Bishop_), bishop of Herbipolita´num. Sailing one day on the +Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel +("the devouring-gulf"), near Grinon Castle, in Austria. Here the voice +of a spirit clamored aloud, "Ho! ho! Bishop Bruno, whither art thou +travelling? But go thy ways, bishop Bruno, for thou shalt travel with +me tonight." At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter +fell on his head and killed him. Southey has a ballad called _Bishop +Bruno_, but it deviates from the original legend given by Heywood in +several particulars: It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on +his way to the emperor, who had invited him to dinner; next, at the +beginning of dinner; and thirdly, when the guests had well feasted. At +the last warning an ice-cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in +the banquet hall. + +BRUSH, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his lordship +calls he never hears unless he chooses; if his bell rings he never +answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to all +his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids +he comes into contact with.--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine +Marriage_ (1766). + +BRUTE (1 _syl_.), the first king of Britain (in mythical history). He +was the son of Æneas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson +of Æneas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted +country) Troynovant (_New Troy_). The legend is this: An oracle +declared that Brute should be the death of both his parents; his +mother died in child-birth, and at the age of fifteen Brute shot his +father accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he +collected a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire. +His wife was Innogen, daughter of Pandra'sus king of Greece. His tale +is told at length in the _Chronicles_ of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the +first song of Drayton's _Polyolbion_, and in Spenser's _Faëry Queen_, +ii. + +_Brute (Sir John)_, a coarse, surly, ill-mannered brute, whose delight +was to "provoke" his young wife, who he tells us "is a young lady, a +fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her." In +a drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to +lady Brute; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a +street row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his +name, he gives it as "lady John Brute," and is dismissed. + +_Lady Brute_, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers +indignities, and insulted morn, noon, and night by her surly, drunken +husband. Lady Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover; but her +intrigues are more mischievous than vicious.--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked +Wife_ (1697). + +BRUTE GREEN-SHIELD, the successor of Ebranc king of Britain. The +mythical line is: (1) Brute, great-great-grandson of Æneas; (2) +Locrin, his son; (3) Guendolen, the widow of Locrin; (4) Ebranc; (5) +Brute Green-Shield. Then follow in order Leil, Hudibras, Bladud, Leir +[Shakespeare's "Lear"], etc. + + ... of her courageous kings, + Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute + Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror, Brute. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612). + +BRUTUS (_Lucius Junius_), first consul of Rome, who condemned his own +two sons to death for joining a conspiracy to restore Tarquin to +the throne, from which he had been banished. This subject has been +dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H. Payne, under the title of +_Brutus, or the_ _Fall of Tarquin_ (1820). Alfieri has an Italian +tragedy on the same subject. In French we have the tragedies of +Arnault (1792) and Ponsard (1843). (See LUCRETIA.) + +The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow +theatre for his son's benefit. The play chosen was Payne's _Brutus_, +in which the father took the part of "Brutus" and Charles Kean that +of "Titus." The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic +interview, till "Brutus" falls on the neck of "Titus," exclaiming in +a burst of agony, "Embrace thy wretched father!" when the whole house +broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispered in +his son's ear, "Charlie, we are doing the trick."--W. C. Russell, +_Representative Actors_, p. 476. + +_Junius Brutus_. So James Lynch Fitz-Stephen has been called, because +(like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for +murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be executed from the +window of his own house in Galway (1493). + +_The Spanish Brutus_, Alfonso Perez de Gruzman, governor of Tarifa in +1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted +against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his +power threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman +replied, "Sooner than be guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a +dagger to slay my son;" and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall. +Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man there +and then (1258-1309). + +_Brutus (Marcus)_, said to be the son of Julius Cæsar by Servilia. + + Brutus' bastard hand + Stabb'd Julius Cæsar. + Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act iv. sc. 1 (1591). + +This Brutus is introduced by Shakespeare in his tragedy of _Julius +Cæsar_, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot. +He loved Cæsar much, but he loved Rome more. + +_Brutus. Et tu, Brute_. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius, +puts these words into the mouth of Cæsar when Brutus stabbed him. +Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probably he had seen _The +True Tragedy of Richard duke of York_ (1600), where these words occur; +but even before that date H. Stephens had said: + +Jule Cesar, quand il vit que Brutus aussi estoit de ceux qui luy +tirient des coups d'espee, luy dit, _Kai sy tecnon_? c'est à dire.... +Et toy mon fils, en es tu aussi.--_Deux Dial. du Noveau Lang. Franc_ +(1583). + +BRUTUS AND CICERO. Cicero says: [Latin: "Cæsare interfecto, statim, +cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem _Ciceronem_ nominatim +exclamavit, atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus."]--_Philipp_. +ii. 12. + +When Brutus rose, Refulgent from the stroke of Cæsar's fate,... [_he_] +called aloud On Tully's name, and shook his crimson steel, And bade +the "father of his country" hail. + +Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, i. + +BRY'DONE (_Elspeth_), or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning, +of the Tower of Glendearg.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +BUBAS'TIS, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter of +Isis and sister of Horus. + +BUBENBURG (_Sir Adrian de_), a veteran knight of Berne.--Sir W. Scott, +_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +BUCCA, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the +ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell shipwreck. + +BUCEN'TAUR, the Venetian state galley used by the doge when he went +"to wed the Adriatic." In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man +and half ox. + +BUCEPH'ALOS ("_bull-headed_"), the name of Alexander's horse, which +cost £3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was thirty years +old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its +memory. + +_The Persian Bucephalos_, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes +Parviz. + +BUCK CHEEVER, mountaineer and "moonshiner" in Charles Egbert +Craddock's _In the Stranger People's Country_. + +He had been a brave soldier, although the flavor of bushwhacking clung +to his war record; he was a fast friend and a generous foe; what +one hand got by hook or by crook--chiefly, it is to be feared, by +crook--the other made haste to give away (1890). + +BUCK FANSHAWE, a popular Californian in the days when Lynch Law was in +vogue in mining districts. He dies, and his partner seeks a clergyman +to arrange for the funeral, which "the fellows" have determined shall +be the finest ever held in the region. The divine questions in his +professional vein and the miner answers in _his_, each sorely puzzled +to interpret the meaning of his companion. + + "Was he a--ah--peaceable man?" + + "Peaceable! he jest _would_ have peace, ef he + had to lick every darned galoot in the valley to + git it."--Mark Twain, _Buck Fanshawe's Funeral_, + (1872). + +BUCK GRANGERFORD, a spirited son of the Grangerford clan, who pays +with his life for fealty to family and feud.--Mark Twain [Samuel +Langhorne Clemens], _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_ (1885). + +BUCK'ET (_Mr._), a shrewd detective officer who cleverly discovers +that Hortense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the +murderer of Mr. Tulkinghorn, and not lady Dedlock, who was charged +with the deed by Hortense.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +BUCKINGHAM (_George Villiers, duke of_). There were two dukes of +this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and +political unscrupulousness. The first (1592-1628) was the favorite +of James I., nicknamed "Steenie" by that monarch from his personal +beauty, "Steenie" being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at +martyrdom was "as the face of an angel." He was assassinated by +Fenton. Sir Walter Scott introduces him in _The Fortunes of Nigel_, +and his son in _Peveril of the Peak_. The son (1627-1688) also appears +under the name of "Zimri" (q.v.) in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_. +He was the author of _The Rehearsal_, a drama upon which Sheridan +founded his _Critic_, and of other works, but is principally +remembered as the profligate favorite of Charles II. He was a member +of the famous "CABAL" (q.v.), and closed a career of great splendor +and wickedness in the most abject poverty. + +_Buckingham_ (_Henry de Stafford, duke of_) was a favorite of Richard +III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and +was beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the +realms of Pluto, and whose "complaynt" is given in the prologue to _A +Mirrour for Magistraytes_ (1587). He also appears in Shakespeare's +_Richard III._ His son in _Henry VIII._ + +_Buckingham_ (_Mary duchess of_), introduced by sir W. Scott in +_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +BUCKLAW (_The laird of_), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name +was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of +Ravenswood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain; +but her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniary views, promises her +in marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles +Edgar suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their +love-tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird; but on the wedding +night the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal +chamber, and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies +in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +BUCKTHORNE, a conspicuous figure in _Tales of a Traveller_, by +Washington Irving. He is gentleman student, dancing buffoon, lover, +poet, and author by turns, and nothing long unless it be a royally +good fellow (1824). + +BUFFOON (_The Pulpit_). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale +(1599-1660). + +BUG JARGAL, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but +tempering the wildest passion with the deepest respect.--Victor Hugo, +_Bug Jargal_ (a novel). + +BULBUL, an Oriental name for a nightingale. When, in _The Princess_ +(by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two +friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was +admitted, he sings; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to +him, "Not for thee, O bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her +veil," i.e., "O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken +in by such a flimsy deceit." The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan +means the "garden of roses." The prince was the bulbul, the college +was Gulistan, and the princess the rose sought.--Tennyson, _The +Princess_, iv. + +BULBUL-HE'ZAR, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all +the song-birds in the neighborhood. (See TALKING BIRD.)--_Arabian +Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the last story). + +BULIS, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a criminal +love for Timandra, the mother of Neoph'ron, and Neophron was guilty of +a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and Neophron +into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a +sparrow-hawk.--_Classic Mythology_. + +BULL (_John_), the English nation personified, and hence any typical +Englishman. + +_Mrs. Bull_, queen Anne, "very apt to be choleric." On hearing that +Philip Baboon (_Philippe duc d'Anjou_) was to succeed to lord Strutt's +estates (_i.e. the Spanish throne_), she said to John Bull: + + "You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns, + spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or + puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous + family. Don't you hear how lord Strutt + [_the king of Spain_] has bespoke his liveries at + Lewis Baboon's shop [_France_]?... Fie upon it! + Up, man!... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so + used."--Chap. iv. + +_John Bull's Mother_, the Church of England. + +_John Bull's Sister Peg_, the Scotch, in love with Jack (_Calvin_). + + John had a sister, a poor girl that had been + reared ... on oatmeal and water ... and lodged + in a garret exposed to the north wind.... However, + this usage ... gave her a hardy constitution.... + Peg had, indeed, some odd humors and + comical antipathies,... she would faint at the + sound of an organ, and yet dance and frisk at + the noise of a bagpipe.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History + of John Bull_, ii. 2 (1712). + +BULLAMY, porter of the "Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life +Insurance Company." An imposing personage, whose dignity resided +chiefly in the great expanse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and +well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment.--C. Dickens, _Martin +Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +BULLCALF (_Peter_), of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in +the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph "four Harry +ten-shillings in French crowns" if he would stand his friend, and when +sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, "I will have none +of you." Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, "Will +you tell me, master Shallow, how to choose a man? Care I for the +limb, the thews, the stature?... Give me the spirit, master +Shallow."--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act iii. sc. 2 (1598). + +BULL-DOGS, the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him in +his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating +the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner +without cap and gown, etc. + +BULLET-HEAD (_The Great_), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouans +(1769-1804). + +BULL´SEGG (_Mr._), laird of Killancureit, a friend of the baron of +Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +BULMER (_Valentine_), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara +Mowbray. + +_Mrs. Ann Bulmer_, mother of Valentine, married to the earl of +Etherington during the life-time of his countess; hence his wife in +bigamy.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +BUM´BLE, beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born and +brought up. A stout, consequential, hard-hearted, fussy official, with +mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the +language the word _bumbledom_, the officious arrogance and bumptious +conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage the +high-and-mighty beadle was sadly henpecked and reduced to a Jerry +Sneak.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +BUM'KINET, a shepherd. He proposes to Grub'binol that they should +repair to a certain hut and sing "Gillian of Croydon," "Patient +Grissel," "Cast away Care," "Over the Hills," and so on; but being +told that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins +him. + + Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain, + Till bonny Susan sped across the plain; + They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed, + And to the ale-house forced the willing maid; + In ale and kisses they forgot their cares, + And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs. + +Gay, _Pastoral_, v. (1714). + +(An imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. v. "Daphnis.") + +BUMPER (_Sir Harry_), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He sings +the popular song, beginning-- + + Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen, + Here's to the widow of fifty, etc. + +Sheridan, _School for Scandal_ (1777). + +BUMPPO (_Natty_), the Leather Stocking of Cooper's _Pioneers_; +Hawk-Eye of _The Last of the Mohicans_; the Deer Slayer and the +Pathfinder of the novels of those names; and the trapper of _The +Prairie_, in which his death is recorded. A white man who has lived +so long with Indians as to surpass them in skill and cunning, retains +native nobility of character, and in his countenance "an open honesty +and total absence of guile" that inspires trust. + +BUNCE (_Jack_), _alias_ Frederick Altamont, a _ci-devant_ actor, one +of the crew of the pirate vessel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, +William III.). + +BUNCH (_Mother_), an alewife, mentioned by Dekker in his drama called +_Satiromastix_ (1602). In 1604 was published _Pasquil's Jests, mixed +with Mother Bunch's Merriments_. + +There is a series of "Fairy Tales" called _Mother Bunch's Fairy +Tales_. + +_Bunch (Mother)_, the supposed possessor of a "cabinet broken open" +and revealing "rare secrets of Art and Nature," such as love-spells +(1760). + +BUN'CLE, messenger to the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid +of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +_Bun'cle (John)_, a prodigious hand at matrimony, divinity, a song, +and a glass. He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of +their age. For two or three days after the death of a wife he was +inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired +by marrying again.--Thos. Amory, _The Life, etc., of John Buncle, +Esq._ + +BUNDLE, the gardener, father of Wilelmi'na and friend of Tom Tug the +waterman. He is a plain, honest man, but greatly in awe of his wife, +who nags him from morning till night. + +_Mrs. Bundle_, a vulgar Mrs. Malaprop, and a termagant. "Everything +must be her way or there's no getting any peace." She greatly +frequents the minor theatres, and acquires notions of sentimental +romance. + +BUN'GAY (_Friar_), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green, +entitled _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_. Both the friars are +conjurors, and the piece concludes with one of their pupils being +carried off to the infernal regions on the back of one of friar +Bacon's demons (1591). + +_Bungay_, publisher in _History of Pendennis_, by W.M. Thackeray. + +BUNGEY (_Friar_), personification of the charlatan of science in the +fifteenth century. + +[Illustration] In _The Last of the Barons_, by lord Lytton, friar +Bungey is an historical character, and is said to have "raised mists +and vapors," which befriended Edward IV, at the battle of Barnet. + +BUNS'BY (_Captain John_ or _Jade_), owner of the _Cautious Clara_. +Captain Cuttle considered him "a philosopher, and quite an oracle." +Captain Bunsby had one "stationary and one revolving eye," a very red +face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs. +MacStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into +marrying her.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +BUNTING, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his dress. + +BUR (_John_), the servant of Job Thornberry, the brazier of Penzance. +Brusque in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his master, +by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his master's +"books" for twenty-two years with the utmost fidelity.--G.R. Colman, +Jun., _John Bull_ (1805). + +BUR'BON (_i.e. Henri IV. of France_). He is betrothed to Fordelis +_(France)_, who has been enticed from him by Grantorto (_rebellion_). +Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried +off by "hell-rake hounds." The rabble batter Burbon's shield +(_protestantism_), and compel him to throw it away. Sir Ar´tegal +(_right_ or _justice_) rescues the "recreant knight" from the mob, but +blames him for his unknightly folly in throwing away his shield +(of faith). Talus (_the executive_) beats off the hellhounds, gets +possession of the lady, and though she flouts Burbon, he catches her +up upon his steed and rides off with her.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. +2 (1596). + +BURCHELL (_Mr._), _alias_ sir William Thornhill, about thirty years +of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield, loses £1400, Mr. +Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor +offers him his purse. He turns his back on the two flash ladies who +talked of their high-life doings, and cried "Fudge!" after all their +boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescues Sophia Primrose, and +ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_ (1765). + +BURGUNDY (_Charles the Bold, duke of_) introduced by sir W. Scott +in _Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_. The latter novel +contains the duke's defeat at Nancy´, and his death (time, Edward +IV.). + +BU´RIDAN'S ASS. A man of indecision is so called from the hypothetical +ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Buridan maintained that "if an ass +could be placed between two hay-stacks in such a way that its choice +was evenly balanced between them, it would starve to death, for there +would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the other." + +BURLEIGH (_William Cecil, lord_), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth +(1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his historical novel called +_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +He is one the principal characters in _The Earl of Essex_, a tragedy +by Henry Jones (1745). + +_Burleigh (Lord)_, a parliamentary leader in _The Legend of Montrose_, +a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charles I.). + +_A lord Burleigh shake of the head_, a great deal meant by a look or +movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of +the "Spanish Armada," introduces lord Burleigh, "who has the affairs +of the whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk;" but his +lordship comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far +more than words could utter. Puff says: + + Why, by that shake of the head he gave you + to understand that even though they had more + justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures, + yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown + on the part of the people, the country would at + last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the + Spanish monarchy. + + _Sneer_. Did he mean all that by shaking his + head? + + _Puff_. Every word of it.--Sheridan, _The Critic_, + ii. 1 (1779). + +The original "lord Burleigh" was Irish Moody (1728-1813).--_Cornhill +Magazine_ (1867). + +BURLESQUE POETRY (_Father of_), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century +B.C.). + +BURLONG, a giant whose legs sir Try'amour cut off.--_Romance of Sir +Tryamour_. + +BURNBILL, Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin and lord justice of +Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently +_burnt_ all the "bills" or instruments by which the tenants of the +archbishopric held their estates. + +BURNS OF FRANCE (_The_), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis Philippe +presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of Orléans an +emerald ring. + +BUR'RIS, an honest lord, favorite of the great-duke of +Muscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618). + +BURROUGHS (_George_), a Salem citizen whose trial for witchcraft +is recorded by Rev. Cotton Mather. The counts are many, and in the +opinion of the court are proven, George Burroughs being condemned to +die. In the story of his crimes set down by Dr. Mather, the climax +would seem to be a paper handed by the accused to the jury, "wherein +he goes to evince 'That there neither are, nor ever were, witches +that, having made a compact with the devil, can send a devil to +torment other people at a distance.'" + +"When he came to die, he utterly denied the fact whereof he had been +convicted."--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_ +(1693). + +BU'SIRANE (3 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist to a +brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic characters +with the dropping blood, "all for to make her love him." When +Brit'omart approached, the enchanter started up, and, running to +Amoret, was about to plunge a knife into her heart; but Britomart +intercepted the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him +to "reverse his charms," and then bound him fast with his own +chain.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 11, 12 (1590). + +BUSI'RIS, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long drought +of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were mollified +by human sacrifice. "So be it," said the king, and ordered the man +himself to be offered as the victim.--_Herod_, ii. 59-61. + + 'Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry; + Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply. + + A foreigner at length informed the king + That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring. + The king replied, "On thee the lot shall fall; + Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all." + +Ovid, _Art of Love_, i. + +_Busi'ris_, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red +Sea. + + Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew + Busiris and his Memphian chivalry. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 306 (1665). + +BUS'NE (2 _syl._). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to their +race. + +The gold of the Busnê; give me her gold. Longfellow, _The Spanish +Student_. + +BUSQUEUE (_Lord_), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit known +as "lord Busqueue _v._ lord Suckfist," in which the parties concerned +pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and spoke +so learnedly and at such length, that no one understood one word about +the matter; then lord Suckfist replied, and the bench declared "We +have not understood one iota of the defence." Pantag'ruel, however, +gave judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had +got the verdict, both were fully satisfied, "a thing without parallel +in all the annals of the court."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533). + +BUSY BODY (_The_), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis +Gripe (guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles), a man +sixty-five years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her +money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of +twenty-four. She pretends to love "Gardy," and dupes him into yielding +up her money, and giving his consent to her marriage with "the man of +her choice," believing himself to be the person. Charles is in love +with Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up +his mind that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto, +expected to arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume, +passes himself off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of +his choice; so both the old men are duped, and all the young people +wed according to their wishes. + +BUTCHER (_The_), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of +his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napoleon I. + +John ninth lord Clifford, called "The Black Clifford" (died 1461). + +Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407). + +_Butcher (The Bloody_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of Gleorge +II.; so called for his great barbarities in suppressing the rebellion +of Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765). + +BUTCHER OF ENGLAND, John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great +learning and a patron of learning (died 1470). + +On one occasion in the reign of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a +squire to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be +impaled.--Stow, _Warkworth Chronicle_ ("Cont. Croyl.") + +Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man impaled forty +Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children +of the Irish chief Desmond, and acquired the nickname of "The Butcher +of England."--_Old and New London_, ii. 21. + +BUTLER (_Reuben_), a presbyterian minister, married to Jeanie Deans. + +_Benjamin Butler_, father of Reuben. + +_Stephen Butler_, generally called "Bible Butler," grandfather of +Reuben and father of Benjamin. + +_Widow Judith Butler_, Reuben's grandmother and Stephen's wife. + +_Euphemia_ or _Femie Butler_, Reuben's daughter. + +_David_ and _Reuben Butler_, Reuben's sons.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of +Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +_Butler (The Rev. Mr.)_, military chaplain at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.). + +BUTTERCUP (_John_), a milkman.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock +Frock_. + +_Buttercup (Little_), Bumboat woman, who in her youth, took to +baby-farming, and "mixed those babies up," _i.e._ Ralph Rackstraw and +the Captain of the _Pinafore_.--W.S. Gilbert, _Pinafore_ (1877). + +BUXO´MA, a shepherdess with whom Cuddy is in love. + + My Brown Buxoma is the featest maid + That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played ... + And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray, + Dance like Buxoma on the first of May. + Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714). + +BUZ´FUZ (_Sergeant_), the pleader retained by Dodson and Fogg for the +plaintiff in the celebrated case of "Bardell _v._ Pickwick." Sergeant +Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved that +Mr. Pickwick's note about "chops and tomato sauce" was a declaration +of love; and that his reminder "not to forget the warming-pan" was +only a flimsy cover to express the ardor of his affection. Of course +the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened jury. (His junior +was Skimpin.)--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836). + +BUZ'ZARD (_The_), in _The Hind and the Panther_, by Dryden (pt. iii.), +is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty (1643-1715). + +BYCORN, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but +this is no wonder, for its food was "good and enduring husbands," of +which there is good store, (See CHICHI-VACHE.) + +BYRON (_Miss Harriet_), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high +rank, devotedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she +marries.--Richardson, _Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753). + +_Byron (The Polish)_, Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855). + +_Byron (The Russian_), Alexander Sergeivitch Puschkin (1799-1837). + +BYRON AND MARY. The Mary of Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both Miss +Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth married +John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Anna Isabella Milbanke: both +were equally unhappy. + + I have a passion for the name of "Mary," + For once it was a magic name to me. + Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 4 (1820). + +BYRON AND TERESA GUICCIOLI. This lady was the wife of count Guiccioli, +an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron "never loved but +once, till he loved Teresa." + +BYRON AND THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who +wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply. + +[Illustration] + +(in _Notes and Queries_), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker. + +CACAFO'GO, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a +coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every +one.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640). + +CACUR'GUS, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is +a rustic simpleton and cunning mischief-maker.--Thomas Rychardes, +_Misogonus_ (the third English comedy, 1560). + +CA'CUS, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 _syl_.). +When Herculês came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from +Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the +animals by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they +had come _out_ of it. + +If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were introduced +by him on purpose to confuse like Caeus, the traces of his +retreat.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance." + +CAD, a low-born, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier of a +sedan-chair. + +All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan-chairs were +discontinued, the old cadies sank into ruinous poverty, and became +synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James +Hannay, who frequently used it.--M. Pringle. + +[Illustration] M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey. + +CADE (_Jack_), Irish insurgent in reign of Henry VII. Assuming the +name of Mortimer, he led a company of rebels from Kent, defeated the +king's army, and entered London. His short-lived triumph was ended by +his death at Lewes. He appears in _Henry VI._ by Shakespeare. + +CADE´NUS (3 _syl._) dean Swift. The word is simply _de-ca-nus_ ("a +dean"), with the first two syllables transposed (_ca-de-nus_). Vanessa +is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with Swift, +and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem entitled +_Cadenus and Vanessa_ [_i.e._ Van-Esther]. + +CADUCEUS meant generally a herald's staff; as an emblem of a peaceful +errand it was made of a branch of olive-wood with the twigs, which, +later, were transformed to serpents. In this form it is associated +with Mercury, the herald and messenger of the gods--that "beautiful +golden rod with which he both puts men to sleep and wakens them from +slumber." Homer, _Odyssey_, xxiv. + +CADUR´CI, the people of Aquita´nia. + +CAD´WAL. Arvir´agus, son of Cym´beline, was so called while he lived +in the woods with Bela´rius, who called himself Morgan, and whom +Cadwal supposed to be his father.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605). + +CADWALLADER, called by Bede (1 _syl._) Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king +of Wales. Being compelled by pestilence and famine to leave Britain, +he went to Armorica. After the plague ceased he went to Rome, where, +in 689, he was baptized, and received the name of Peter, but died very +soon afterwards. + + Cadwallader that drave [_sailed_] to the Armoric shore. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612). + +_Cadwallader_, the misanthrope in Smollett's _Peregrine Pickle_ +(1751). + +_Cadwallader_ (_Mrs_.), character in _Middle-march_, by George Eliot. + +CADWALL'ON, son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son +accompanied prince Madoc to North America in the twelfth +century.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805). + +_Cadwal'lon_, the favorite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the +service of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of +Renault Vidal.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +CÆ'CIAS, the north-west wind. Argestês is the north-east, and Bo'reas +the full north. + + Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud + ...rend the woods, and seas upturn. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665). + +CÆLESTI'NA, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir +Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her +father, to save her honor, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison, +but in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the +bride recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her +husband.--Th. Dekker, _Satiromastix_ (1602). + +CÆ'NEUS [_Se.nuce_] was born of the female sex, and was originally +called Cænis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one +day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex, +converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather _him_) the gift +of being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ithæ, Ceneus offended +Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth +converted into a yellow bird. Æneas found Ceneus in the infernal +regions restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir +John Davies: + + And how was Caeneus made at first a man, + And then a woman, then a man again. + _Orchestra, etc_. (1615). + +CÆSAR (_Caius Julius_). + + Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dictate + Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs.... + Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village + Than be second in Rome; and I think he was right when he said it. + Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after; + Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered; + But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus. + Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, ii. + +Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that Cæsar "could +employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to +read, his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate." He is said to +have conquered three hundred nations; to have taken eight hundred +cities, to have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated +three millions. (See below, CÆSAR'S WARS.) + +_Cæsar and his Fortune_. Plutarch says that Cæsar told the captain of +the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for +that he had "Cæsar and his fortune with him." + + Now am I like that proud insulting ship, + Which Cæsar and his fortune bare at once. + Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 2 (1589). + +_Cæsar saves his Commentaries_. Once, when Julius Cæsar was in danger +of being upset into the sea by the overloading of a boat, he swam +to the nearest ship, with his book of _Commentaries_ in his +hand.--Suetonius. + +_Cæsar's Death_. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius Cæsar +was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, "I did enact +Julius Cæsar; I was killed i' the capitol" (_Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 2). +And Chaucer says: + + This Julius to the capitolê wente ... + And in the capitole anon him hente + This falsê Brutus, and his other soon, + And sticked him with bodëkins anon. + +_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Monk's Tale," 1388). + +Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza; +and in _Julius Cæsar_ Shakespeare says he fell "e'en at the base of +Pompey's statue" (act iii. sc. 2). + +_Cæsar's Famous Despatch_, "Veni, vidi, vici," written to the senate +to announce his overthrow of Pharnacês king of Pontus. This "hop, +skip, and a jump" was, however, the work of three days. + +_Cæsar's Wars_. The carnage occasioned by the wars of Cæsar is usually +estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought +500 battles. See above, CÆSAR (_Caius Julius_). + + What millions died that Cæsar might be great! + +Campbell. _The Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799). + +_Cæsar_, the Mephistoph'elês of Byron's unfinished drama called _The +Deformed Transformed_. This Cæsar changes Arnold (the hunchback) into +the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the deformity and ugliness +which Arnold casts off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be +said is that Cæsar, in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitterness +of spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistophelês +(1821). + +_Cæsar (Don)_, an old man of sixty-three, the father of Olivia. In +order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a +girl of sixteen.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a Husband_ (1782). + +CAEL, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had +colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the +Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The +two colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the +Fir-bolg (or "lord of Atha"), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the +king of Ulster (_i.e._ "chief of the Cael"), and a general war ensued +between the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity, +sent to Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over +Con'ar, who was chosen "king of the Cael" immediately he landed in +Ulster; and having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the +title of "king of Ireland." The Fir-bolg, though conquered, often rose +in rebellion, and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but +never succeeded in so doing.--Ossian. + +CAGES FOR MEN. Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthenês +chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him +divine honors. + +Catherine II. of Eussia kept her perruquier for more than three years +in an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that +she wore a wig.--Mons. de Masson, _Mémoires Secrets sur la Russie_. + +Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing +the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on +one of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed +to the rigor of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the +sisters of Bruce was similarly dealt with. + +Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for ten +years in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [_Losh_]. + +Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him +a public show. So says D'Herbelot. + + An iron cage was made by Timour's command, + composed on every side of iron gratings, through + which the captive sultan [Bajazet] could be seen + in any direction. He travelled in this den slung + between two horses.--Leunclavius. + +CAGLIOS´TRO (_Count de_), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo +(1743-1795). + +CAIN AND ABEL are called in the _Korân_ "Kâbil and Hâbil." The +tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel +to marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more +beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered +"No" by rejecting Cain's sacrifice. + +The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead +body of Abel till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to +bury a dead bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under +ground.--Sale's _Koran_, v. (notes). + +CAIR´BAR, son of Borbar-Duthul, "lord of Atha" (Connaught), the most +potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against +Cormac "king of Ireland," murdered him (_Temora_, i.), and usurped +the throne; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to +Ireland with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar +invited Oscar (Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the +invitation, but Cairbar having provoked a quarrel with his guest, the +two fought, and both were slain. + + "Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark + and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor + ... but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble + hand in fight. The light of my bosom is stained + by thy deeds."--Ossian, _Temora_, i. + +CAIR´BRE (_2 syl._), sometimes called Cair´bar, third king of Ireland, +of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cairbar, "lord of Atha," a +Fir-bolg, quite a different person.) + +The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first "king of Ireland;" (2) +Cormac I., his son; (3) Cairbre, his son; (4) Artho, his son; (5) +Cormac II., his son; (6) Ferad-Artho, his cousin.--Ossian. + +CAI´US (2 _syl._), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he +attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Re´gan refused to entertain +their aged father with his suite.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605). + +_Cai´us_ (_Dr._), a French physician, whose servants are Rugby and +Mrs. Quickly.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601). + + The clipped English of Dr. Cains.--Macau lay. + +CALANDRI´NO, a character in the _Decameron_, whose "misfortunes have +made all Europe merry for four centuries."--Boccaccio, _Decameron_, +viii. 9 (1350). + +CALAN´THA, princess of Sparta, loved by Ith´oclês. Ithoclês induces +his sister, Penthe´a, to break the matter to the princess. This she +does; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents +to the union. During a grand court ceremony Calantha is informed of +the sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea +had starved herself to death from hatred to Bass´anês, and a third +follows to tell her that Ithoclês, her betrothed husband, has been +murdered. Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the +dance even to the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is +the ceremony over than she can support the strain no longer, and, +broken-hearted, she falls dead.--John Ford, _The Broken Heart_ (1633). + +CALAN'THE (3 _syl._), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the +Syracusian.--J. Banim, _Damon and Pythias_ (1825). + +CAL'CULATOR (_The_). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called +(died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also +called "The Calculator" (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn, +and a girl named Heywood (whose father was a Mile End weaver) all +exhibited their calculating powers in public. + +Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by +Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871). + +CAL'DERON (_Don Pedro_), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681). At +the age of fifty-two he became an ecclesiastic, and composed religious +poetry only. Altogether he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces. + + Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart + All Cal'deron and greater part of Lopé. + Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 11 (1819). + +[Illustration] "Lope," that is Lopê de Vega, the Spanish poet +(1562-1635). + +CALEB, the enchantress who carried off St. George in infancy. + +_Ca'leb_, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant +for lord Grey of Wark, in Northumberland, an adherent of the duke of +Monmouth. + + And, therefore, in the name of dulness be + The well-hung Balaam and cold Caleb free. + Part i. + +[Illustration] "Balaam" is the earl of Huntingdon. + +CA'LED, commander-in-chief of the Arabs in the siege of Damascus. He +is brave, fierce, and revengeful. War is his delight. When Pho'cyas, +the Syrian, deserts Eu'menês, Caled asks him to point out the +governor's tent; he refuses; they fight, and Caled falls.--John +Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720). + +CALEDO´NIANS, Gauls from France who colonized south Britain, whence +they journeyed to Inverness and Ross. The word is compounded of two +Celtic words, _Cael_ ("Gaul" or "Celt") and _don_ or _dun_ ("a hill"), +so that Cael-don means "Celts of the highlands." + + The Highlanders to this day call themselves + "_Cael_" and their language "_Caelic_" or "_Gaelic_" + and their country "_Caeldock_" which the Romans + softened into Caledonia.--_Dissertation on the + Poems of Ossian_. + +CA´LENDERS, a class of Mohammedans who abandoned father and mother, +wife and children, relations and possessions, to wander through the +world as religious devotees, living on the bounty of those whom they +made their dupes.--D'Herbelot, _Supplement_, 204. + + He diverted himself with the multitude of calenders, + santons, and dervises, who had travelled + from the heart of India, and halted on their way + with the emir.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786). + +_The Three Calenders_, three royal princes, disguised as begging +dervishes, each of whom had lost his right eye. Their adventures form +three tales in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_. + +_Tale of the First Calender_. No names are given. This calender was +the son of a king, and nephew of another king. While on a visit to his +uncle his father died, and the vizier usurped the throne. When the +prince returned, he was seized, and the usurper pulled out his right +eye. The uncle died, and the usurping vizier made himself master of +this kingdom also. So the hapless young prince assumed the garb of a +calender, wandered to Baghdad, and being received into the house +of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the caliph +Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_. + +_Tale of the Second Calender._ No names given. This calender, like the +first, was the son of a king. On his way to India he was attacked by +robbers, and though he contrived to escape, he lost all his effects. +In his flight he came to a large city, where he encountered a tailor, +who gave him food and lodging. In order to earn a living, he turned +woodman for the nonce, and accidentally discovered an underground +palace, in which lived a beautiful lady, confined there by an evil +genius. With a view of liberating her, he kicked down the talisman, +when the genius appeared, killed the lady, and turned the prince into +an ape. As an ape he was taken on board ship, and transported to a +large commercial city, where his penmanship recommended him to the +sultan, who made him his vizier. The sultan's daughter undertook to +disenchant him and restore him to his proper form; but to accomplish +this she had to fight with the malignant genius. She succeeded in +killing the genius, and restoring the enchanted prince; but received +such severe injuries in the struggle that she died, and a spark of +fire which flew into the right eye of the prince destroyed it. The +sultan was so heart-broken at the death of his only child, that he +insisted on the prince quitting the kingdom without delay. So he +assumed the garb of a calender, and being received into the hospitable +house of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the +caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_. + +_Tale of the Third Calender._ This tale is given under the word AGIB. + + * * * * * + + "I am called Agib," he says, "and am the son + of a king whose name was Cassib."--_Arabian + Nights_. + +CALEPINE (_Sir_), the knight attached to Sere´na (canto 3). Seeing a +bear carrying off a child, he attacked it, and squeezed it to death, +then committed the babe to the care of Matilde, wife of sir Bruin. As +Matilde had no child of her own, she adopted it (canto 4).--Spenser, +_Faëry Queen_, vi. (1596). + +[Illustration] Upton says, "the child" in this incident is meant for +M'Mahon, of Ireland, and that "Mac Mahon" means the "son of a bear." +He furthermore says that the M'Mahons were descended from the +Fitz-Ursulas, a noble English family. + +CA´LES (_2 syl._). So gipsies call themselves. + + Beltran Cruzado, count of the Cales. + Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_. + +CALF-SKIN. Fools and jesters used to wear a calf-skin coat buttoned +down the back, and hence Faulconbridge says insolently to the +arch-duke of Austria, who had acted very basely towards Richard +Lion-heart: + + Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame, + And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs. + Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596). + +CAL´IANAX, a humorous old lord, father of Aspatia, the troth-plight +wife of Amin´tor. It is the death of Aspatia which gives name to the +drama.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610). + +CALIBAN, a savage, deformed slave of Prospero (the rightful duke of +Milan and father of Miranda). Caliban is the "freckled whelp" of +the witch Syc´orax. Mrs. Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a sort of +Caliban.--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_ (1609). + + "Caliban" ... is all earth ... he has the + dawnings of understanding without reason or the + moral sense ... this advance to the intellectual + faculties without the moral sense is marked by + the appearance of vice.--Coleridge. + +CAL´IBURN, same as _Excalibur_, the famous sword of king Arthur. + + Onward Arthur paced, with hand + On Caliburn's resistless brand. + Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_ (1813). + + Arthur ... drew out his Caliburn, and ... + rushed forward with great fury into the thickest + of the enemy's ranks ... nor did he give over + the fury of his assault till he had, with his Caliburn, + killed 470 men.--Geoffrey, _British History_, + ix. 4 (1142). + +CAL´IDORE (_Sir_), the type of courtesy, and the hero of the sixth +book of Spenser's _Faëry Queen_. The model of this character was sir +Philip Sidney. Sir Calidore (3 _syl._) starts in quest of the Blatant +Beast, which had escaped from sir Artegal (bk. v. 12). He first +compels the lady Bria´na to discontinue her discourteous toll of "the +locks of ladies and the beards of knights" (canto 1). Sir Calidore +falls in love with Pastorella, a shepherdess, dresses like a shepherd, +and assists his lady-love in keeping sheep. Pastorella being taken +captive by brigands, sir Calidore rescues her, and leaves her at +Belgard Castle to be taken care of, while he goes in quest of the +Blatant Beast. He finds the monster after a time, by the havoc it had +made with religious houses, and after an obstinate fight succeeds in +muzzling it, and dragging it in chains after him, but it got loose +again, as it did before (canto 12).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, vi. +(1596). + + Sir Gawain was the "Calidore" of the Round + Table.--Southey. + +[Illustration] "Pastorella" is Frances Walsingham (daughter of sir +Francis), whom sir Philip Sidney married. After the death of sir +Philip she married the earl of Essex. The "Blatant Beast" is what we +now call "Mrs. Grundy." + +CALIG´ORANT, an Egyptian giant and cannibal, who used to entrap +travellers with an invisible net. It was the very same net that Vulcan +made to catch Mars and Venus with. Mercury stole it for the purpose of +entrapping Chloris, and left it in the temple of Anu´bis, whence it +was stolen by Caligorant. One day Astolpho, by a blast of his magic +horn, so frightened the giant that he got entangled in his own net, +and being made captive was despoiled of it.--Ariosto, _Orlando +Furioso_ (1516). + +CALI´NO, a famous French utterer of bulls. + +CALIP´OLIS, in _The Battle of Alcazar_, a drama by George Peele +(1582). Pistol says to Mistress Quickly: + + "Then feed and be fat, my fair Calipolis."-- + Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act ii. sc 4 (1598). + +CAL´IS (_The princess_), sister of As´torax, king of Paphos, in +love with Polydore, brother of general Memnon, but loved greatly by +Siphax.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617). + +CALIS´TA, the fierce and haughty daughter of Sciol´to (_3 syl._), a +proud Genoese nobleman. She yielded to the seduction of Lotha´rio, but +engaged to marry Al´tamont, a young lord who loved her dearly. On the +wedding-day a letter was picked up which proved her guilt, and she was +subsequently seen by Altamont conversing with Lothario. A duel +ensued, in which Lothario fell; in a street row Sciolto received his +death-wound, and Calista stabbed herself. The character of "Calista" +was one of the parts of Mrs. Siddons, and also of Miss Brunton.--N. +Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703). + +Richardson has given a purity and sanctity to the sorrows of his +"Clarissa" which leave "Calista" immeasurably behind.--R. Chambers, +_English Literature_, i. 590. + +Twelve years after Norris's death, Mrs. Barry was acting the character +of "Calista." In the last act, where "Calista" lays her hand upon a +skull, she [_Mrs. Barry_] was suddenly seized with a shuddering, and +fainted. Next day she asked whence the skull had been obtained, and +was told it was "the skull of Mr. Norris, an actor." This Norris was +her former husband, and so great was the shock that she died within +six weeks.--Oxberry. + +CALIS'TO AND AR'CAS. Calisto, an Arcadian nymph, was changed into a +she-bear. Her son Arcas, supposing the bear to be an ordinary beast, +was about to shoot it, when Jupiter metamorphosed him into a he-bear. +Both were taken to heaven by Jupiter, and became the constellations +_Ursa Minor_ and _Ursa Major_. + +CALL'AGHAN O'BRALL'AGHAN (_Sir_), "a wild Irish soldier in the +Prussian army. His military humor makes one fancy he was not only +born in a siege, but that Bellona had been his nurse, Mars his +schoolmaster, and the Furies his playfellows" (act i. 1). He is the +successful suitor of Charlotte Goodchild.--C. Macklin, _Love à la +mode_ (1779). + +CALLET, a _fille publique_. Brantôme says a _calle_ or _calotte_ is "a +cap," hence the phrase, _Plattes comme des calles_. Ben Jonson, in his +_Magnetick Lady_, speaks of "wearing the callet, the politic hood." + +Des filles du peuple et de la campagne s'appellant _çalles_, à cause +de la "cale" qui leur servait de coiffure.--Francisque Michel. + +En sa tête avoit un gros bonnet blanc, qui l'on appelle une _calle_, +et nous autres appelons _calotte_, ou bonnette blanche de lagne, +nouée ou bridée par dessous le menton.--Brantôme, _Vies des Dames +Illustres_. + + A beggar in his drink + Could not have laid such terms upon his callet. + +Shakespeare, _Othello_, act iv. sc. 2 (1611). + +CALLIM'ACHUS (_The Italian_), Filippo Buonaccorsi (1437-1496). + +CALLIR'RHOE (4 _syl._), the lady-love of Chae'reas, in a Greek romance +entitled _The Loves of Choreas and Callirrhoê_, by Char'iton (eighth +century). + +CALLIS'THENES (4 _syl._), a philosopher who accompanied Alexander the +Great on his Oriental expedition. He refused to pay Alexander divine +honors, for which he was accused of treason, and being mutilated, was +chained in a cage for seven months like a wild beast. Lysimachus put +an end to his tortures by poison. + + Oh let me roll in Macedonian rays, + Or, like Callisthenes, be caged for life, + Rather than shine in fashions of the East. + N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. I (1678). + +CAL'MAR, son of Matha, lord of Lara (in Connaught). He is represented +as presumptuous, rash, and overbearing, but gallant and generous. +The very opposite of the temperate Connal, who advises caution and +forethought. Calmar hurries Cuthullin into action, which ends in +defeat. Connal comforts the general in his distress.--Ossian, +_Fingal_, i. + +CAL'THON, brother of Col'mar, sons of Rathmor chief of Clutha (_the +Clyde_). The father was murdered in his halls by Dunthalmo lord of +Teutha (_the Tweed_), and the two boys were brought up by the murderer +in his own house, and accompanied him in his wars. As they grew in +years Dunthalmo fancied he perceived in their looks a something which +excited his suspicions, so he shut them up in two separate dark caves +on the banks of the Tweed. Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, dressed as +a young warrior, liberated Calthon, and fled with him to Morven, to +crave aid in behalf of the captive Colmar. Accordingly, Fingal sent +his son Ossian with 300 men to effect his liberation. When Dunthalmo +heard of the approach of this army, he put Colmar to death. Calthon, +mourning for his brother, was captured, and bound to an oak; but at +daybreak Ossian slew Dunthalmo, cut the thongs of Calthon, gave him +to Colmal, and they lived happily in the halls of Teutha.--Ossian, +_Calthon and Colmal_. + +CAL´YDON (_Prince of_), Melea´ger, famed for killing the Calydonian +boar.--_Apollod._ i. 8. (See MELEAGER.) + + As did the fatal brand Althaea burn'd, + Unto the prince's heart of Calydon. + Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 1 (1591). + +_Cal´ydon_, a town of Aeto´lia, founded by Calydon. In Arthurian +romance Calydon is a forest in the north of our island. Probably it is +what Richard of Cirencester calls the "Caledonian Wood," westward of +the Varar or Murray Frith. + +CALYDO´NIAN HUNT. Artemis, to punish Oeneus [_E´.nuce_] king of +Cal´ydon, in Aeto´lia, for neglect, sent a monster boar to ravage his +vineyards. His son Melea´ger collected together a large company to +hunt it. The boar being killed, a dispute arose respecting the head, +and this led to a war between the Curetês and Calydo´nians. + +A similar tale is told of Theseus (_2 syl._), who vanquished and +killed the gigantic sow which ravaged the territory of Krommyon, near +Corinth. (See KROMMYONIAN SOW.) + +CALYP´SO, in _Télémaque_, a prose-epic by Fénélon, is meant for Mde. +de Montespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogyg´ia, on +which Ulyssês was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years. + +She essayed after his departure to bring his son Telemachus under +her spell. The lad, seeking the world through for his father, was +preserved from the arts of the temptress by Mentor--Minerva in +disguise. + +CALYPSO'S ISLE, Ogygia, a mythical island "in the navel of the sea." +Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (_not the island_) is +Boeo´tia, in Greece. + +CAMA´CHO, "richest of men," makes grand preparations for his wedding +with Quite´ria, "fairest of women," but as the bridal party are on +their way, Basil´ius cheats him of his bride, by pretending to kill +himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married +to him as a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments; but when +the service is over, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his "mortal +wounds" are a mere pretense.--Cervantes, an episode in _Don Quixote_, +II. ii. 4 (1615). + +CAMAN´CHES (3 _syl._), or COMAN´CHES, an Indian tribe of Texas (United +States). + + It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches. + Longfellow, _To the Driving Cloud_. + +CAMARAL´ZAMAN, prince of "the Island of the Children of Khal´edan, +situate in the open sea, some twenty days' sail from the coast of +Persia." He was the only child of Schah´zaman and Fatima, king and +queen of the island. He was very averse to marriage; but one night, +by fairy influence, being shown Badou´ra, only child of the king of +China, he fell in love with her and exchanged rings. Next day both +inquired what had become of the other, and the question was deemed +so ridiculous that each was thought to be mad. At length Marzavan +(foster-brother of the princess) solved the mystery. He induced the +prince Camaralzaman to go to China, where he was recognized by +the princess and married her. (The name means "the moon of the +period.")--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura"). + +CAM´BALLO, the second son of Cambuscan´ king of Tartary, brother of +Al´garsife (_3 syl._) and Can´acê (_3 syl._). He fought with two +knights who asked the lady Canacê to wife, the terms being that none +should have her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat. +Chaucer does not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says +that three brothers, named Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond were +suitors, and that Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all +born at one birth) was Ag´apê, who dwelt in Faëry-land (bk. iv. 2). + +Spenser makes Cambi´na (daughter of Agapê) the lady-love of Camballo. +Camballo is also called Camballus and Cambel. + +_Camballo's Ring_, given him by his sister Canacê, "had power to +stanch all wounds that mortally did bleed." + + Well mote ye wonder how that noble knight, + After he had so often wounded been, + Could stand on foot now to renew the fight ... + All was thro' virtue of the ring he wore; + The which not only did not from him let + One drop of blood to fall, but did restore + His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet. + Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 2 (1596). + +CAMBEL, called by Chaucer Cam´ballo, brother of Can´acê (_3 syl._). He +challenged Every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all +except Tri´amond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so +evenly balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambi´na +interfered. (See next art.)--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596). + +CAMBI´NA, daughter of the fairy Ag´apê (_3 syl._). She had been +trained in magic by her mother, and when Cam´ballo, son of Cambuscan´, +had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with +the third (named Tri´amond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot +drawn by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had +the power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow, +and of inspiring the mind with celestial joy. Cambina touched the +combatants with her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup +to drink, dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled +them with gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife, +and Triamond married Can´acê.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596). + +CAMBUSCAN´, king of Sarra, in the land of Tartary; the model of all +royal virtues. + + At Sarra, in the lond of Tartarie, + Ther dwelt a king that werreied Russie, + Through which ther died many a doughty man: + This noble king was cleped Cambuscan + Which in his time was of so great renoun + That ther n' as no wher in no regioun, + So excellent a lord in alle thing: + + * * * * * + This noble king, this Tartre Cambuscan + Hadde two sones by Elfeta his wif, + Of which the eldest sone highte Algarsif + That other was ycleped Camballo. + + * * * * * + A doughter had this worthy king also + That youngest was and highte Canace. + Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_. + +Milton, in the Penseroso, alludes to the fact that the Squire's Tale +was not finished: + + Or call up him that left half told + The story of Cambuscan bold. + +CAMBY´SES (3 _syl._), a pompous, ranting character in Preston's +tragedy of that name, + + I must speak in passion, and I will do it in + king Cambyses' vein.--Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_. + act ii. sc. 4 (1597). + +CAMBY´SES AND SMERDIS. Cambysês king of Persia killed his brother +Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a madman, and it is only charity to +think that he was really _non compos mentis_. + + Behold Cambisês and his fatal daye ... + While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye, + A dreadful thing, his wittes were him bereft. + T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The + Complaynt," 1587). + +CAMDEO, the god of love in Hindû mythology. + +CAMIL´LA, the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her fleetness +of foot. She aided Turnus against Æneas. + + Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain, + Flies o'er th' unbending corn, or skims along the main. + Pope. + +_Camilla_, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice +in her incorruptible fidelity, induced his friend Lothario to try to +corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell. +Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped +with Lothario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle, +and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6 +("Fatal Curiosity," 1605). + +_Camilla_, English girl, heroine of Miss Burney's novel of same name. + +_Camilla_, the heroine of _Signor Monaldini's Niece_, by Mary Agnes +Tincker, a story of modern Rome (1879). + +CAMILLE´ (_2 syl._), in Corneille's tragedy of _Les Horaces_ (1639). +When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his +victory over the three Curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for +the death of her lover. Horace says, "What! can you prefer a man +to the interests of Rome?" Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and +concludes with these words: "Oh, that it were my lot!" When Mdlle. +Rachel first appeared in the character of "Camille," she took Paris by +storm (1838). + + Voir le dernier Romain à son dernier soupir, + Moi seule en être cause, et mourir de plaisir. + +¤¤¤ Whitehead has dramatized the subject and called it _The Roman +Father_ (1741). + +_Camille_, one of the Parisian _demi-monde_. She meets and loves +Armand Duval. Camille is besought by Duval _père_ to leave her lover, +whose prospects are ruined by the _liaison_. She quits him, returns to +her former life, and dies of consumption in the arms of her lover, +who has just found her after a long search.--A. Dumas, _La Dame aux +Camelias_. + +CAMILLO, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being +commanded by king Leontês to poison Polixenês, instead of doing so he +gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. When Polixenês ordered +his son Florizel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young +lovers to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leontês, the king +thereof, to protect them. As soon as Polixenês discovered that Perdita +was Leontês' daughter, he readily consented to the union which before +he had forbidden.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604). + +CAMI´OLA, "the maid of honor," a lady of great wealth, noble spirit, +and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of the +two Sicilies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid +his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia +the duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and proposed +marriage, an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to +Palermo to be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct +of the base young prince. Roberto was disgusted at his brother, +Aurelia rejected him with scorn, and Camiola retired to a +nunnery.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637). + +CAMPAS´PE (3 _syl._), mistress of Alexander. He gave her up to +Apellês, who had fallen in love with her while painting her +likeness.--Pliny, _Hist_. xxxv. 10. + +John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama entitled _Cupid and Campaspe_, in +which is the well-known lyric: + + Cupid and my Campaspê played + At cards for kisses: Cupid paid. + +CAMPBELL (_Captain_), called "Green Colin Campbell," or Bar´caldine (3 +_syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_ (time, George II.). + +_Campbell (General)_, called "Black Colin Campbell," in the king's +service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished.--Sir +W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +_Campbell (Sir Duncan)_, knight of Ardenvohr, in the marquis of +Argyll's army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose. + +_Lady Mary Campbell_, sir Duncan's wife. + +_Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck_, an officer in the army of the +marquis of Argyll. + +_Murdoch Campbell_, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised +as a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the +prisoners overmastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon, +and escaped.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +_Campbell (The lady Mary)_, daughter of the duke of Argyll. + +_The lady Caroline Campbell_, sister of lady Mary.--Sir W. Scott, +_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +CAMPEADOR [_Kam.pay´.dor_], the Cid, who was called _Mio Cid el +Campeador_ ("my lord the champion"). "Cid" is a corruption of _saïd_ +("lord"). + +CAMPO-BASSO (_The count of_), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's +army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, _Quentin Durward_ and +_Anne of Geierstein_, both laid in the time of Edward IV. + +CAN´ACE (3 _syl._), daughter of Cambuscan´, and the paragon of women. +Chaucer left the tale half told, but Spenser makes a crowd of suitors +woo her. Her brother Cambel or Cam´ballo resolved that none should +win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At length +Tri´amond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight with +Camballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambi´na, daughter of +the fairy Ag´apê (3 _syl._), had not interfered. Cambina gave the +wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity +to love; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair +Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canacê.--Chaucer, _Squire's +Tale_; Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596). + +_Canacê's Mirror_, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons +on whom they set their affections would prove true or false. + +_Canacê's Ring_. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canacê, daughter of +Cambuscan´ (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to +understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of +all herbs.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Squire's Tale," 1388). + + +CANDACE, negro cook in _The Minister's Wooing_, by Harriet Beecher +Stowe. She reverences Dr. Hopkins, but is slow to admit his dogma of +Imputed Sin in Consequence of Adam's Transgression (1859). + +CANDAU´LES (_3 syl._), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his +wife to Gy´gês. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gygês to +murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of +Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (B.C. 716-688). + +CANDAY´A (_The kingdom of_), situate between the great Trapoba´na and +the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Com´orin.--Cervantes, +_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4 (1615). + +CANDIDE´ (_2 syl._), the hero of Voltaire's novel of the same name. He +believes that "all things are for the best in the best of all possible +worlds." + + Voltaire says "No." He tells you that Candide + Found life most tolerable after meals. + Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31 (1820). + +CANDOUR (_Mrs._), the beau-ideal of female backbiters.--Sheridan, _The +School for Scandal_ (1777). + +CAN´IDIA, a Neapolitan, beloved by the poet Horace. When she deserted +him, he held her up to contempt as an old sorceress who could by +charms unsphere the moon.--Horace, _Epodes_, v. and xvii. + + Such a charm were right Canidian. + Mrs. Browning, _Hector in the Garden_, iv. + +CANMORE or GREAT-HEAD, Malcolm III. of Scotland (1057-1093).--Sir W. +Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 4. + +CANNING (_George_), statesman (1770-1827). Charles Lamb calls him: + + St. Stephen's fool, the zany of debate. + _Sonnet in "The Champion_." + +CANO´POS, Meneläos's pilot, killed in the return voyage from Troy by +the bite of a serpent. The town Canöpos (Latin, _Canopus_) was built +on the site where the pilot was buried. + +CAN´TAB, a member of the University of Cambridge. The word is a +contraction of the Latin _Cantabrig´ia_. + +CAN´TACUZENE´ (_4 syl._), a noble Greek family, which has furnished +two emperors of Constantinople, and several princes of Moldavia and +Wallachia. The family still survives. + + We mean to show that the Cantacuzenês are + not the only princely family in the world.--D'Israeli, + _Lothaire_. + + There are other members of the Cantacuzenê + family besides myself.--Ditto. + +_Can´tacuzene´_ (_Michael_), the grand sewer of Alexius Comne´nus, +emperor of Greece.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_. (time, +Rufus). + +CANTERBURY TALES. Eighteen tales told by a company of pilgrims going +to visit the shrine of "St. Thomas à Becket" at Canterbury. The party +first assembled at the Tabard, an inn in Southwark, and there agreed +to tell one tale each both going and returning, and the person who +told the best tale was to be treated by the rest to a supper at the +Tabard on the homeward journey. The party consisted of twenty-nine +pilgrims, so that the whole budget of tales should have been +fifty-eight, but only eighteen of the number were told, not one being +on the homeward route. The chief of these tales are: "The Knight's +Tale" (_Pal´amon and Ar´cite, 2 syl._); "The Man of Law's Tale" +(_Custance, 2 syl._); "The Wife of Bath's Tale" (_A Knight_); "The +Clerk's Tale" (_Grisildis_); "The Squire's Tale" (_Cambuscan_, +incomplete); "The Franklin's Tale" _(Dor'igen and Arvir'agus)_; +"The Prioress's Tale" (_Hugh of Lincoln_); "The Priest's Tale" +(_Chanticleer and Partelite_); "The Second Nun's Tale" (_St. +Cecil'ia_); "The Doctor's Tale" (_Virginia_); "The Miller's Tale" +(_John the Carpenter and Alison_); and "The Merchant's Tale" (_January +and May_) (1388). + +CANTON, the Swiss valet of lord Ogleby. He has to skim the morning +papers and serve out the cream of them to his lordship at breakfast, +"with good emphasis and good discretion." He laughs at all his +master's jokes, flatters him to the top of his bent, and speaks of him +as a mere chicken compared to himself, though his lordship is seventy +and Canton about fifty. Lord Ogleby calls him his "cephalic snuff, +and no bad medicine against megrims, vertigoes, and profound +thinkings."--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766). + +CAN'TRIPS (_Mrs._), a quondam friend of Nanty Ewart, the +smuggler-captain. + +_Jessie Cantrips_, her daughter.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.). + +CANT'WELL (Dr.), the hypocrite, the English representative of +Molière's Tartuffe. He makes religious cant the instrument of gain, +luxurious living, and sensual indulgence. His overreaching and +dishonorable conduct towards lady Lambert and her daughter gets +thoroughly exposed, and at last he is arrested as a swindler.--I. +Bicker staff, _The Hypocrite_ (1768). + +Dr. Cantwell ... the meek and saintly hypocrite. + +L. Hunt. + +CANUTE' or CNUT and EDMUND IRONSIDE. William of Malmesbury says: +When Canute and Edmund were ready for their sixth battle in +Gloucestershire, it was arranged between them to decide their +respective claims by single combat. Cnut was a small man, and Edmund +both tall and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary, "We both lay +claim to the kingdom in right of our fathers; let us therefore divide +it and make peace;" and they did so. + + Canutus of the two that furthest was from hope ... + Cries, "Noble Edmund hold! Let us the land divide." + ... and all aloud do cry, + "Courageous kings, divide! 'Twere pity such should die." + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613). + +CANUTE'S BIRD, the knot, a corruption of "Knut," the _Cinclus +bellonii_, of which king Canute was extremely fond. + + The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old, + Of that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold, + His appetite to please ... from Denmark hither brought. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxv. (1622). + +CAN´YNGE (_Sir William_) is represented in the _Rowley Romance_ as a +rich, God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church, +and much to literature. He was, in fact, a Maece´nas of princely +hospitality, living in the Red House. The priest Rowley was his +"Horace."--Chatterton (1752-1770). + +CAP (_Charles_), uncle of Mabel Dunham in Cooper's _Pathfinder_ +(1849). He is a sea-captain who insists in sailing a vessel upon the +great northern lakes as he would upon the Atlantic, but, despite his +pragmatic self-conceit, is nonplussed by the Thousand Islands. + + +"And you expect me, a stranger on your lake, to find this place +without chart, course, distance, latitude, longitude, or soundings? +Allow me to ask if you think a mariner runs by his nose, like one of +Pathfinder's hounds?" + +Having by a series of blunders consequent upon this course, brought +schooners and crew to the edge of destruction, he shows heart +by regretting that his niece is on board, and philosophy with +professional pride by the conclusion:-- + +"We must take the bad with the good in every v'y'ge, and the only +serious objection that an old sea-captain can with propriety make to +such an event, is that it should happen on this bit of d--d fresh +water." + +CAPABILITY BROWN, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener +(1715-1783). + +CAP'ANEUS (3 _syl_.) a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength, +and headlong valor. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his +friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against +Thebes (1 _syl_.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring +that not Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls. + +CAPITAN, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces and +comedies prior to the time of Molière. + +CAPONSAC'CHI (_Guiseppe_), the young priest under whose protection +Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and _his_ friends +said the elopement was criminal; but Pompilia, Caponsacchi, and +_their_ friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part +of a chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at fifteen, +and who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her.--R. Browning, +_The Ring and the Book_. + +CAPSTERN (_Captain_), captain of an East + +Indiaman, at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, +George II.). + +CAPTAIN, Manuel Comne´nus of Treb´izond (1120, 1143-1180). + +_Captain of Kent_. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450). + +_The Great Captain (el Gran Capitano)_, Gonzalvo di Cor´dova +(1453-1515). + +_The People's Captain (el Capitano del Popolo_), Guiseppe Garibaldi +(1807-). + +_Captain (A Copper)_, a poor captain, whose swans are all geese, +his jewellry paste, his guineas counters, his achievements +tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. See _Copper Captain_. + +_Captain (The Black)_, lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff of the +Russian army. In the French invasion he was called by the French _Le +Capitaine Noir_. + +CAPTAIN LOYS [_Lo.is_]. Louise Labé was so called, because in early +life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of +great valor. She was also called _La Belle Cordière_. Louise Labé was +a poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good +elegies (1526-1566). + +CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! fallen leader apostrophized by Walt Whitman in +his lines upon the death of President Lincoln (1865). + + O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells! + Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills; + For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding; + For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning. + + Here, Captain! dear father! + This arm beneath your head! + It is some dream that on the deck + You've fallen cold and dead. + +CAPTAIN RIGHT, a fictitious commander, the ideal of the rights due to +Ireland. In the last century the peasants of Ireland were sworn to +captain Right, as chartists were sworn to their articles of demand +called their _charter_. Shakespeare would have furnished them with +a good motto, "Use every man after his desert, and who shall 'scape +whipping?" (_Hamlet_, act ii. sc. 2). + +CAPTAIN ROCK, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain Irish +insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were +signed by this name. + +CAP'ULET, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with the +house of Mon'tague (3 syl). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man, +self-willed, prejudiced, and tyrannical. + +_Lady Capulet_, wife of lord Capulet and mother of +Juliet.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598). + +CAPYS, a blind old seer, who prophesied to Romulus the military +triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the destruction of Carthage. + + In the hall-gate sat Capys, + Capys the sightless seer; + From head to foot he trembled + As Romulus drew near. + And up stood stiff his thin white hair, + And his blind eyes flashèd fire. + +Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ ("The Prophecy of Capys," xi.). + +CAR'ABAS (_Le marquis de_), an hypothetical title to express a +fossilized old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his +behoof. The "king owes his throne to him;" he can "trace his pedigree +to Pepin;" his youngest son is "sure of a mitre;" he is too noble "to +pay taxes;" the very priests share their tithes with him; the country +was made for his "hunting-ground;" and, therefore, as Béranger says: + + Chapeau bas! chapeau bas! + Gloire au marquis de Carabas! + +The name occurs in Perrault's tale of _Puss in Boots_, but it is +Béranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning. + +CARAC´CI OF FRANCE, Jean Jouvenet, who was paralyzed on the right +side, and painted with his left hand (1647-1707). + +CARAC´TACUS OR CARADOC, king of the Sil´urês (_Monmouthshire_, etc.). +For nine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated +by Osto´rius Scap´ula the Roman general, he escaped to Brigantia +(_Yorkshire_, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthisman´dua (or +Cartimandua), a Roman matron married to Venu´tius, chief of those +parts. Carthismandua betrayed him to the Romans, A.D. 47.--Richard of +Cirencester, _Ancient State of Britain_, i. 6, 23. + +Caradoc was led captive to Rome, A.D. 51, and, struck with the +grandeur of that city, exclaimed, "Is it possible that a people so +wealthy and luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain?" +Claudius the emperor was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing +that he released him and craved his friendship. + +Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the +waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his "manly breast enchased with +sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and +walked with him."--_Polyolbion_, viii. (1612). + +CARACUL (_i.e. Caraeatta_), son and successor of Severus the Roman +emperor. In A.D. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledo´nians, +but was defeated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called "Caracalla" +because he adopted the Gaulish _caracalla_ in preference to the Roman +_toga_.--Ossian, _Comala_. + +The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of +Severus) the emperor of Rome ... was not without reason called "The +Son of the King of the World." This was A.D. 210.--_Dissertation on +the Era of Ossian_. + +CARACULIAM'BO, the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma, +whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at +the foot of his imaginary lady-love.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.i.1 +(1605). + +CAR'ADOC OR CRADOCK, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of +the only lady in the queen's train who could wear "the mantle of +matrimonial fidelity." This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous +wives; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on-- + + One while it was too long, another while too short, + And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort. + +Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18). + +_Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head_. The boy who brought the test mantle +of fidelity to king Arthur's court drew a wand three times across a +boar's head, and said, "There's never a cuckold who can carve that +head of brawn." Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir +Cradock could carve the brawn. + +_Sir Cradock and the Drinking-horn._ The boy furthermore brought +forth a drinking-horn, and said, "No cuckold can drink from that horn +without spilling the liquor." Only Cradock succeeded, and "he wan the +golden can."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18). + +CARADOC OF MEN'WYGENT, the younger bard of Gwenwyn prince of +Powys-land. The elder bard of the prince was Cadwallon.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +CAR´ATACH OR CARAC´TACUS, a British king brought captive before the +emperor Claudius in A.D. 52. He had been betrayed by Cartimandua. +Claudius set him at liberty. + + And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach affords + A tragedy complete except in words. + Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809). + +(Byron alludes to the "spectacle" of _Caractacus_ produced by +Thomas Sheridan at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's tragedy of +_Bonduca_, minus the dialogue.) + + Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute + "Caratach." The solid bulk of his frame, his + action, his voice, all marked him with identity. + Boaden, _Life of Siddons_. + +CAR´ATHIS, mother of the caliph Vathek. She was a Greek, and +induced her son to study necromancy, held in abhorrence by all good +Mussulmans. When her son threatened to put to death every one who +attempted without success to read the inscription of certain sabres, +Carathis wisely said, "Content yourself, my son, with commanding their +beards to be burnt. Beards are less essential to a state than men." +She was ultimately carried by an afrit to the abyss of Eblis, in +punishment of her many crimes.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784). + +CARAU´SIUS, the first British emperor (237-294). His full name was +Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was +accepted by Diocletian and Maxim´ian; but after a vigorous reign of +seven years he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as +"emperor of Britain."--See Gibbon, _Decline and Fall, etc._, ii. 13. + +CAR´DAN (_Jerôme_) of Pa´via (1501-1576), a great mathematician and +astrologer. He professed to have a demon or familiar spirit, who +revealed to him the secrets of nature. + +CARDEN (_Grace_), lovely girl with whom Henry Little (an artisan) and +Frederick Coventry, gentleman, are enamored. Beguiled by Coventry into +a belief that Little is dead, she consents to the marriage ceremony +with his rival. Little reappears on the wedding-day, and she refuses +to live with her husband. The marriage is eventually set aside, and +Grace Carden espouses Henry Little.--Charles Reade, _Put Yourself in +His Place_. + +CARDE´NIO of Andalusi´a, of opulent parents, fell in love with +Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally +engaged. Don Fernando his friend, however, prevailed on Lucinda's +father, by artifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda +to himself, "contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle +of honor." This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena +or Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid +intervals. On the wedding-day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed +the bridegroom that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she +privately left her father's house and took refuge in a convent; but +being abducted by don Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where +Fernando found Dorothea his wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda. +All parties were now reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired +respectively with their proper wives.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. +iv. (1605). + +CARE, described as a blacksmith, who "worked all night and day." His +bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs.--_Faéry Queen_, iv. +5 (1596). + +CARE'LESS, one of the boon companions of Charles Surface.--Sheridan, +_School for Scandal_ (1777). + +_Care'less (Colonel)_, an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper, +who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his +wife.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_. + +This farce is a mere _réchauffé_ of _The Committee_, by the hon. sir +R. Howard. The names "colonel Careless" and "Ruth" are the same, but +"Ruth" says her proper Christian name is "Anne." + +_Careless_, in _The Committee_, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury +(1638-1720) was celebrated.--Chetwood, _History of the Stage._ + +(_The Committee_, recast by T. Knight, is called _The Honest +Thieves_.) + +_Careless (Ned)_, makes love to lady Pliant.--W. Congreve, _The Double +Dealer_ (1700). + +CARELESS HUSBAND _(The)_, a comedy by Colley Cibber (1704). The +"careless husband" is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different +persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and +even forgets to lock the door when he has made a _liaison_, so that +his wife knows all; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire +control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest +indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that +he confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his +ways. + +CARÊME _(Jean de), chef de cuisine_ of Leo X. This was a name given +him by the pope for an admirable _soupe maigre_ which he invented +for Lent. A descendant of Jean was _chef_ to the prince regent, at +a salary of £1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the +prince had only a _ménage bourgeois_, and entered the service of baron +Rothschild at Paris (1784-1833). + +CAREY, innocent-faced rich young dude in Ellen Olney Kirk's novel, _A +Daughter of Eve_ (1889). + +_Carey (Patrick)_, the poet brother of lord Falkland, introduced by +sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). + +CAR'GILL _(The Rev. Josiah_), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor of +the hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 _syl_.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta +Bidmore, his pupil's sister.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, +George III.). + +CARI'NO, father of Zeno'cia, the chaste troth-plight wife of +Arnoldo (the lady dishonorably pursued by the governor count +Clodio).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647). + +CAR'KER _(James)_, manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. +Carker was a man of forty, of a florid complexion, with very +glistening white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His +smile was like "the snarl of a cat." He was the Alas'tor of the house +of Dombey, for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he +seduced Alice Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife), and +also induced Edith to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon, +and Carker, returning to England, was run over by a railway train and +killed. + +_John Carker_, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He +twice robbed it and was forgiven. + +_Harriet Carker_, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr. +Morfin, one of the _employés_ in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. +When her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his +employer, Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to +live with and cheer her disgraced brother John.--C. Dickens, _Dombey +and Son_ (1846). + +CARLE´TON (_Captain_), an officer in the Guards.--Sir W. Scott, +_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + + +CARLISLE (_Frederick Howard, earl of_), uncle and guardian of lord +Byron (1748-1826). His tragedies are _The Father's Revenge_ and +_Bellamere_. + + The paralytic puling of Carlisle... + Lord, rhymester, _petit-maitre_, pamphleteer. + Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809). + +CAR´LOS, elder son of don Antonio, and the favorite of his paternal +uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love +with Angelina he throws off his diffidence and becomes bold, resolute, +and manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb.--C. Cibber, +_Love Makes a Man_ (1694). + +_Carlos_ (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married +Ogari´ta, but as the marriage was effected under a false name it was +not binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne. +Carlos was a great villain: he murdered a man to steal from him the +plans of some Californian mines. Then embarking in the _Urania_, he +induced the crew to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship. +"Gold was the object of his desire, and gold he obtained." Ultimately, +his villainies being discovered, he was given up to the hands of +justice.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856). + +_Carlos (Don)_, son of Philip II. of Portugal; deformed in person, +violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlos was to have married +Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Subsequently he +expected to marry the arch-duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor +Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II. +settled the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring +Carlos incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the +Netherlands in a war against his father. He was apprehended and +condemned to death, but was killed in prison. This has furnished the +subject of several tragedies: _i.e._, Otway's _Don Carlos_ (1672), in +English; those of J.G. de Campistron (1683) and M.J. de Chénier (1789) +in French; J.C.F. Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about +the same time. + +_Car'los (Don)_, the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband +of Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friendship. After +marriage, Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos +entertain a criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo, out of +jealousy, has Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself.--Edward +Young, _The Revenge_ (1721). + +_Carlos (Don)_, husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his +wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtesan, and Victoria, in order to +recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio, +and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced +Gaspar as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the +deeds in her hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper +tore them to atoms, and thus Carlos recovered the estate and was +rescued from impending ruin.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a +Husband_ (1782). + +CARLTON (_Admiral George_), George IV., author of _The Voyage of--in +search of Loyalty_, a poetic epistle (1820). + +CARMEN, the fisherman's wife who, in Lufcadio Hearn's story _Chita_, +adopts the baby dragged by her husband from the surf, and takes it to +her heart in place of the child she has lost (1889). + +_Carmen (Eschelle)_, beautiful, ambitious, and intriguing New York +society girl.--Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little Journey in the World_ +(1889). + +CAR´MILHAN, the "phantom ship." The captain of this ship swore he +would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious +vow he was doomed to abide forever and ever captain in the same +vessel, which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The +kobold of the phantom ship is named Klabot´erman, a kobold who helps +sailors at their work, but beats those who are idle. When a vessel is +doomed the kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and +wearing a night-cap. + +CARO, the Flesh or "natural man" personified. Phineas Fletcher says +"this dam of sin" is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel, +polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device +of a mermaid, with the motto, "Hear, Gaze, and Die."--_The Purple +Island_, vii. (1633). + +CAROLINE, queen-consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott in +_The Heart of Midlothian_. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in +the gardens at Richmond, and her majesty promises to intercede with +the king for Effie Deans's pardon. + +CAROS OR CARAUSIUS, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The +emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against +the Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing +to excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in +A.D. 287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted +all attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately +acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct +the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this +work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and +grandson of Fingal. "The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained +like a rock left by the ebbing sea."--Ossian, _The War of Caros_. + +CARPATH'IAN WIZARD (_The_), Proteus (2 _syl_.), who lived in the +island of Car'pathos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could +change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a +crook. + +[_By_] the Carpathian wizard's book [_crook_]. Milton, _Comus_, 872 +(1634). + +CARPET (_Prince Housain's_), a magic carpet, to all appearances quite +worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any part +of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called "the magic +carpet of Tangu," because it came from Tangu, in Persia.--_Arabian +Nights_ ("Prince Ahmed"). + +_Carpet_ (_Solomon's_). Solomon had a green silk carpet, on which his +throne was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to +stand on; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and +spirits on the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind +where to set him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into +the air and alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds +of the air, with outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole +party.--Sale, _Korân_, xxvii. (notes). + +CARPIL'LONA (_Princess_), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the +Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with +his wife, child, and a foundling boy thrown into a dungeon, and kept +there for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape; +but the rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let down +snapped asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other +two lived in retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being +rescued by a fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When +the "Humpbacked" Prince dethroned the usurper of the Peaceable +Islands, Carpillona was one of the captives, and the "Humpbacked" +Prince wanted to make her his wife; but she fled in disguise, and +came to the cottage home of Sublimus, where she fell in love with his +foster-son, who proved to be half-brother of the "Humpbacked" Prince. +Ultimately, Carpillona married the foundling, and each succeeded to +a kingdom.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona," +1682). + +CAR'PIO (_Bernardo del_), natural son of don Sancho, and doña Ximena, +surnamed "The Chaste." It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew Roland at +Roncesvallês (4 _syl._). In Spanish romance he is a very conspicuous +figure. + +CARRAS'CO (_Samson_), son of Bartholomew Carrasco. He is a licentiate +of much natural humor, who flatters don Quixote, and persuades him to +undertake a second tour. + +CARRIER _(Martha)_, a Salem goodwife, tried and executed for +witchcraft. To Rev. Cotton Mather's narrative of her crimes and +punishment is appended this memorandum: + +This rampant hag, Martha Carrier, was the person of whom the +confessions of the witches, and of her own children among the rest, +agreed that the devil had promised her she should be Queen of +Hell.--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_ (1693). + +CARRIL, the gray-headed, son of Kinfe'na bard of Cuthullin, general of +the Irish tribes.--Ossian, _Fingal_. + +CARRLLLO _(Fray)_ was never to be found in his own cell, according to +a famous Spanish epigram. + +Like Fray Carillo, the only place in which one cannot find him Is his +own cell. + +Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_, i. 5. + +CAR'ROL, deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle.--Sir W. Scott, +_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +CAR'STONE _(Richard)_, cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in +Chancery interested in the great suit of "Jarndyce _v_. Jarndyce." +Richard Carstone is a "handsome youth, about nineteen, of ingenuous +face, and with a most engaging laugh." He marries his cousin Ada, and +lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In +the meantime he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession +of medicine, then by that of law, then by the army; but the rolling +stone gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies of the sickness of +hope deferred.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +CARTAPH'ILUS, the Wandering Jew of _Jewish_ story. Tradition says he +was doorkeeper of the judgment-hall, in the service of Pontius Pilate, +and, as he led our Lord from the judgment-hall, struck Him, saying +"Get on! Faster, Jesus!" Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, "I am +going fast, Cartaphilus; but tarry thou till I come again." After +the crucifixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who +baptized Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every +century he falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man +about thirty years of age.--_Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of +St. Allans_. + +(This "book" was copied and continued by Matthew Paris, and contains +the earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip +Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay, wrote the "rhymed chronicle.") + +CARTER _(Mrs. Deborah_), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer.--J. M. +Morton, _A Regular Fix_. + +CAR'THAGE (2 _syl_.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the +natives "as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide." The +agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose +a space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa "the +hide." (Greek, _bursa_, "a bull's hide.") + +The following is a similar story in Russian history:--The Yakutsks +granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass +with a cow's hide; but the Russians, cutting the hide into strips, +obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk. + +CARTHAGE OF THE NORTH. Lübeck was so called when it was the head of +the Hanseatic League. + +CAR'THON, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was born while Clessammor was +in flight, and his mother died in childbirth. When he was three +years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town +belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away +safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to +revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the +kingdom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon +was slain by his own father, who knew him not; but when Clessammor +learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he mourned for him +three days, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian, _Carthon_. + +CAR'TON _(Sydney)_, a friend of Charles Darnay, whom he personally +resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but knowing of her +attachment to Darnay, never attempted to win her. Her friendship, +however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of +his friend.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859). + +CARTOUCHE, an eighteenth century highwayman. He is the French Dick +Turpin. + +CA'RUS _(Slow)_, in Garth's _Dispensary_, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708). + +CARYATI'DES (5 _syl_.), or CARYA'TES (4 _syl_.), female figures in +Greek costume, used in architecture to support entablatures Ca'rya, in +Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so after +the battle of Thermop'ylae, the victorious Greeks destroyed the city, +slew the men, and made the women slaves, Praxit'elês, to perpetuate +the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian men, for +architectural columns. + +CAS'CA, a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who +assassinated Julius Cæsar. He is called "Honest Casca," meaning +_plain-spoken._--Shakespeare, _Julius Cæsar_ (1607). + +CASCH'CASCH, a hideous genius, "hunch-backed, lame, and blind of one +eye; with six horns on his head, and both his hands and feet hooked." +The fairy Maimou'nê (3 _syl_.) summoned him to decide which was the +more beautiful, "the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra," +but he was unable to determine the knotty point.--_Arabian Nights_ +("Camaralzaman and Badoura"). + +CASEL'LA, a musician and friend of the poet Dantê, introduced in his +_Purgatory_, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel +freighted with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for +paradise; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he "woos +to sing;" whereupon Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the +words of [Dantê's] second canzone. + + Dantê shall give Fame leave to set thee higher + Than his Casella, whom he wooed to sing, + Met in the milder shades of purgatory. + + Milton, _Sonnet_, xiii. (To H. Lawes). + +CASEY, landlord of the tavern on "Red Hoss Mountain" in Eugene Field's +poem _Casey's Table d'Hôte_. + + He drifted for a fortune to the undeveloped West, + And he come to Eed Hoss Mountain when the little camp was new, + When the money flowed like likker, an' the folks wuz brave an' + true, + And, havin' been a stewart on a Mississippi boat, + He opened up a caffy, 'nd he run a _tabble dote_. + + (1889.) + +CAS'PAR, master of the horse to the baron of Arnheim. Mentioned in +Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, +Edward IV.). + +_Cas'par_, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The +night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a +respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of +the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a +dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried off his victim to "his own +place."--Weber's opera, _Der Freischüte_ (1822). + +CASS (_Godfrey_), young farmer in _Silas Marner_, by George Eliot. +Father of the heroine. + +CASSAN'DRA, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy; but +Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban "that no one +should ever believe her predictions."--Shakespeare, _Troilus and +Cressida_ (1602). + +CASSEL (_Count_), an empty-headed, heart less, conceited puppy, +who pays court to Amelia Wildenhaim, but is too insufferable to be +endured. He tells her he "learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain, +enterprise in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and +love in the wilds of America," for civilized nations have long since +substituted intrigue for love.--Inchbald, _Lovers' Vows_ (1800), +altered from Kotzebue. + +CASSI, the inhabitants of Hertfordshire or Cassio.--Cæsar, +_Commentaries_. + +CASSIB'ELLAUN or CASSIB'ELAN (probably "Caswallon"), brother and +successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius Cæsar invaded +the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his _British History_, that +Cassibellaun routed Cæsar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5). +In Cæsar's second invasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7), +and "sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows, +100,000 sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number" (ch. 8). +Androg'eus (4 _syl_.) "duke of Trinovantum," with 5000 men, having +joined the Roman forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed "to pay +3000 pounds of silver yearly in tribute to Rome." Seven years after +this Cassibellaun died and was buried at York. + +In Shakespeare's _Cymbeline_ the name is called "Cassibelan." + +[Illustration] Polyænus of Macedon tells us that Cæsar had a huge +elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back, +filled with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea, +Cassivelaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were +terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were +able to land without molestation.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. + + There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous emperor-idiot. + Such is Rome ... hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun. + + Tennyson, _Boadicea_. + +CAS'SILANE (3 _syl_.), general of Candy and father of Annophel.--_Laws +of Candy_ (1647). + +CASSIM, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and soon +became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he discovered +that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the robbers' +cave, Cassim took ten mules charged with panniers to carry away part +of the same booty. "Open Sesamê!" he cried, and the door opened. He +filled his sacks, but forgot the magic word. "Open Barley!" he cried, +but the door remained closed. Presently the robber band returned, and +cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcass into four +parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried +off the body and had it decently interred.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali +Baba, or the Forty Thieves"). + +CAS'SIO (_Michael_), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army +under the command of Othello. Simple minded but not strong-minded, and +therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will. +Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he +was suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration. +Iago made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the +Moor. Cassio's "almost" wife was Bianca, his mistress.--Shakespeare, +_Othello_ (1611). + +"Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by his want of +stubbornness to resist an insidious invitation.--Dr. Johnson. + +CASSIODO'RUS (_Marcus Aurelius_), a great statesman and learned writer +of the sixth century, who died at the age of one hundred, in A.D. 562. +He filled many high offices under Theod'oric, but ended his days in a +convent. + + Listen awhile to a learned prelection + On Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus. + Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +CASSIOPEIA, wife of Ce'pheus (2 _syl_.) king of Ethiopia, and mother +of Androm'eda. She boasted herself to be fairer than the sea-nymphs, +and Neptune, to punish her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her +husband's kingdom. At death she was made a constellation, consisting +of thirteen stars, the largest of which form a "chair" or imperfect W. + + ... had you been + Sphered up with Cassiopeia. + Tennyson, _The Princess_, iv. + +CASSIUS, instigator of the conspiracy against Julius Cæsar, and friend +of Brutus.--Shakespeare, _Julius Ccesar_ (1607). + + _Brutus_. The last of all the Romans, fare thee + well! + It is impossible that ever Rome + Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more + tears + To this dead man than you shall see me pay. + I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time. + Act. v. sc. 3. + +Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was +equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride; thus in +such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," "The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga," +and "Cassius," he looked the men he represented.--Rev. J. Young, _Life +of G. M. Young_. + +[Illustration] "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Beverley" (_The Gamester_, +Moore); "The Stranger" (B. Thompson); "Pierre" (_Venice Preserved_, +Otway); "Zanga" (_Revenge_, Young). + +CASSY, a colored woman, mistress of Legree, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's +_Uncle Tom's Cabin_. Disgusted with her master and with her life, +she befriends another woman, even more helpless than herself, and by +stratagem and force of will contrives her escape (1852). + +CASTAGNETTE _(Captain)_, a hero whose stomach was replaced by a +leather one made by Desgenettes [_Da'.ge.net_'], but his career was +soon ended by a bomb-shell, which blew him into atoms,--Manuel, _A +French Extravaganza_. + +CASTA'LIO, son of lord Acasto, and Polydore's twin-brother. Both the +brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the orphan." The love +of Polydore was dishonorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and +married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took +his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit +which had been practised on her, and Polydore heard that Monimia +was really married to his brother, the bride poisoned herself, the +adulterer ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed +himself.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680). + +CASTA'RA, the lady addressed by Wm. Habington in his poems. She was +Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became +his wife. (Latin, _casta_, "chaste.") + + If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move, + Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love? + W. Habington, _To Castara_ (died 1654). + +The poetry of Habington shows that he possessed ... a real passion +for a lady of birth and virtue, the "Castara" whom he afterwards +married.--Hallam. + +CAS'TLEWOOD (_Beatrix_), the heroine of _Esmond_, a novel by +Thackeray, the "finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty +ever given to the world." + +CAS'TOR (_Steph'anos_), the wrestler.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of +Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +_Castor_, of classic fable, is the son of Jupiter and Leda, and +twin-brother of Pollux. The brothers were so attached to each +other that Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the +constellation _Gemini_ ("the twins"). Castor and Pollux are called the +_Dios'curi_ or "sons of Dios," _i.e._ Jove. + +CAS'TRIOT (_George_), called by the Turks "Scanderbeg" (1404-1467). +George Castriot was son of an Albanian prince, delivered as a hostage +to Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in +command of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va +(1443). + + This is the first dark blot + On thy name, George Castriot. + +Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (an interlude). + +CASTRUC'CIO CASTRACA'NI'S SWORD. + +When Victor Emmanuel II went to Tuscany, the path from Lucca to +Pistoia was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of +Pucci'ni met him, bearing a sword, and said, "This is the sword of +Castruccio Castracani, the great Italian soldier, and head of the +Ghibelines in the fourteenth century. It was committed to our ward and +keeping till some patriot should arise to deliver Italy and make it +free." Victor Emmanuel, seizing the hilt, exclaimed, "_Questa è per +me_!" ("This is for me.")--E. B. Browning, _The Sword of Castruccio +Castracani._ + +CAS'YAPA. The father of the immortals, who dwells in the mountain +called Hemacû'ta or Himakoot, under the Tree of Life, is called +"Casyapa." Southey, _Curse of Kehama_. Canto vi. (1809). + +CATEUCLA'NI, called _Catieuchla'ni_ by Ptolemy, and _Cassii_ by +Richard of Cirencester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, +and Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. + +CATGUT (_Dr._), a caricature of Dr. Arne in _The Commissary_, by Sam. +Foote (1765). + +CATH'ARINE, queen-consort of Charles II; introduced by sir W. Scott in +_Peveril of the Peak_. (See CATHERINE, and also under the letter K.) + +_Cath'arine (St.)_ of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of +girls and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St. +Jerome says she was called Catharine from the Syriac word _Kethar_ or +_Kathar_, "a crown," because she won the triple crown of martyrdom, +virginity, and wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25, +which is her _fête_ day. + +_To braid St. Catharine's hair_ means "to live a virgin." + + Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catharine's + tresses. + +Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1848). + +CATH'BA, son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king of +Ireland. He was killed out of jealousy by Duchô'mar, and when Duchômar +told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, "Thou art dark to +me, Duchômar; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword, my +foe;" and when he gave it, she "pierced his manly breast," and he +died. + +Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a +sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm.--Ossian, _Fingal_, i. + +CATH'ERINE, wife of Mathis, in _The Polish Jew_, by J. R. Ware. + +_Catherine_, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of _Washington +Square_, by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace +by the dull routine of wealthy respectability (1880). + +_Catherine (The countess_), usually called "The Countess," falls in +love with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at +the match, but her love is masterful. When the duke her father is told +of it, he insists on Huon's marrying Catherine, a freed serf, on pain +of death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him +to comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes +himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine +the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter.--S. Knowles, +_Love_ (1840). + +CATH'ERINE OF NEWPORT, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 _syl.)._--Sir W. +Scott, _The_ _Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). (See CATHARINE, and under +K.) + +CATH'LEEN, one of the attendants on Flora M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, +_Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.). + +CATH'LIN OF CLU'THA, daughter of Cathmol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had +slain Cathmol in battle, and carried off Cathlin by force, but she +contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and +Oscar were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached +Rathcol (where Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian resigned the command of the +battle to his son Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the +latter fell. The victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Carmor to +Cathlin, and Cathlin said, "Take the mail and place it high in Selma's +hall, that you may remember the helpless in a distant land."--Ossian, +_Cathlin of Clutha_. + +CATH'MOR, younger brother of Cair'bar ("lord of Atha"), but totally +unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded +and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having +inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in +which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treachery. Cathmore is the +second hero of the poem called _Tem'ora_, and falls by the hand of +Fingal (bk. viii.). + +Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar. +Their souls were not the same. The light of heaven was in the bosom of +Cathmor. His towers rose on the banks of Atha; seven paths led to his +halls; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to +the feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of +praise.--Ossian, _Temora_, i. + +CATH'OLIC _(The)._ Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III. _His +Catholic Majesty_ (693, 739-757). + +Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called _Rusé_, +"the wily" (1452, 1474-1516). + +Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Aragon, so called for her zeal in +establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474-1504). + +CATHOLIC MAJESTY _(Catholica Majestad_), the special title of the +kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third +Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the "Arian heresy." + +Cui a Deo æternum meritum nisi vero Catholico Recaredo regi? Cui a Deo +æterna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Recaredo regi?--_Gregor._ _Mag._, +127 and 128. + +But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In +1500 Alexander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and +Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown. + +Ab Alexandro pontifice Ferdinandus "Catholici" cognomentum accepit in +posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titulos +principibus dividere pontincibus Romanis datur.--Mariana, _De Rebus +Hesp_., xxvi. 12; see also vii. 4. + +CA'THOS, cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle Gor'gibus, a plain +citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had +their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace, +Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of +Polix'ena. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider +their manners too unaffected and easy to be "good style," so the +gentlemen send their valets to represent the "marquis of Mascarille" +and the "viscount of Jodelet." The girls are delighted with these +"distinguished noblemen;" but when the game has gone far enough, the +masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught +a useful lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill +consequences.--Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659). + +CATHUL'LA, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_) and brother of Coma'la +(_q.v._). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a +beacon-flame on its top as signal of distress, for Frothal king of +Sora had besieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single +combat, defeated him, and made him prisoner.--Ossian, _Carrick-Thura._ + +CAT'ILINE (3 _syl_.), a Roman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to +overthrow the Government, and obtain for himself and his followers all +places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero. +Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but fell in +the battle after fighting with desperate daring (B.C. 62). Ben Jonson +wrote a tragedy called _Catiline_ (1611), and Voltaire, in his _Rome +Sauvée_, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752). + +CA'TO, the hero and title of a tragedy by J. Addison (1713). Disgusted +with Cæsar, Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he had a small +republic and mimic senate; but Cæsar resolved to reduce Utica as he +had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, finding resistance hopeless, +fell on his own sword. + + Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome, + He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild, + Compassionate, and gentle to his friends; + Filled with domestic tenderness. + Act v. 1. + +When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as "Cato," Bolingbroke called +him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of +liberty so well against a perpetual dictator.--_Life of Addison_. + +_He is a Cato_, a man of simple habits, severe morals, strict justice, +and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like the +Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who +resembled him in character and manners. + +CATO AND HORTENS'IUS. Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia daughter +of Philip. He allowed her to live with his friend Hortensius, and +after the death of Hortensius took her back again. + + _[Sultans]_ don't agree at all with the wise Roman, + Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious, + Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 7 (1821). + +CATUL'LUS. Lord Byron calls Thomas Moore the "British Catullus," +referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the +pseudonym of "Thomas Little." + + 'Tis Little! young Catullus of his day, + As sweet but as immoral as his lay. + +Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809). + +_The Oriental Catullus_, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a +rich merchant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His +chief works are _The Gulistan_ (or "garden of roses") and _The Bostan_ +(or "garden of fruits") (1176-1291). + +CAU'DLE _(Mrs. Margaret_), a curtain lecturer, who between eleven +o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years +a curtain lecture to her husband Job Caudle, generally a most gentle +listener; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if +he did not he was insufferably sulky.--Douglas Jerrold, _Punch_ ("The +Caudle Papers"). + +CAU'LINE _(Sir)_, a knight who served the wine to the king of Ireland. +He fell in love with Christabelle (3 _syl_.), the king's-daughter, and +she became his troth-plight wife, without her father's knowledge. When +the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). After a time +the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir Cauline challenged his +rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of the wounds he had +received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief, "burst her gentle +hearte in twayne."--Percy's _Reliques_, I. i. 4. + +CAU'RUS, the stormy west-north-west wind; called in Greek _Argestês_. + + The ground by piercing Caurus seared. + +Thomson, _Castle of Indolence_, ii. (1748). + +CAUSTIC, of the _Despatch_ newspaper, was the signature of Mr. Serle. + +_Christopher Caustic_, the pseudonym of Thomas Green Fessenden, author +of _Terrible Tractoration_, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837). + +_Caustic_ (_Colonel_), a fine gentleman of the last century, very +severe on the degeneracy of the present race.--Henry Mackenzie, in +_The Lounger_. + +CA'VA, or _Florida_, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation of +Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the +Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711). + +CAVALIER _(The)._ Eon de Beaumont, called by the French _Le Chevalier +d'Eon_ (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape painter +(1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called _El Chavaliere +del Cairo_ (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, _Le Chevalier_ (1587-1633). J. +Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called _Il Cavaliere_ (1569-1625). +Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743). + +[Illustration] James Francis Edward Stuart, the + +"Old Pretender," was styled _Le Chevalier de St. George_ (1688-1765). +Charles Edward, the "Young Pretender," was styled _The Bonnie +Chevalier_ or _The Young Cavalier_ (1720-1788). + +CAVALL', "king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth."--Tennyson, _Idylls of +the King_ ("Enid"). + +CAV'ENDISH, author of _Principles of Whist_, and numerous guide-books +on games, as _Bézique, Piquet, Écarté, Billiards_, etc. Henry Jones, +editor of "Pastimes" in _The Field_ and _The Queen_ newspapers +(1831-). + +CAX'ON _(Old Jacob_), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck ("the +antiquary") of Monkbarns. + +_Jenny Caxon_, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Antiquary_ (time, George III.). + +CAXTON _(Pisistratus)_, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton, +baron Lytton, author of _My Novel_ (1853); _What will He do with it?_ +(1859); _Caxtoniania_ (1863); _The Boatman_ (1864). + +CECIL, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861). + +CECIL DREEME, _alias_ Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's +dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those +dearest to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her +rescuers discover the truth.--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_ +(1861). + +CECILIA, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is +the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming +the rival of her dearest friend (1872). + +_Cecilia (St.)_, the patroness of musicians and "inventor of the +organ." The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for +her musical skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her +husband saw the angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom. + + Thou seem'st to me like the angel + That brought the immortal roses + To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber. + + Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +CE'DRIC, a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon."--Sir W. +Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +CEL'ADON AND AME'LIA, lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted to +each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed, +but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, "'Tis safety to be near +thee, sure;" but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and +fell dead in his arms.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Summer," 1727). + +CELE'NO OR CELSAE'NO, chief of the harpies. + + There on a craggy stone + Celeno hung, and made his direful moan. + Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph [on Earth_] + (1610). + +CE'LIA, daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of +Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven +from her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest +of Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake +Rosalind dressed in boy's clothes and called herself "Gan'ymede," +while Celia dressed as a peasant girl and called herself "Aliena." +When they reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut, +and Oliver de Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was +hurt and could not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell +in love with each other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede +resumed the dress of Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the +same time.--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598). + +_Ce'lia_, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of _The School for +Lovers_. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr. +Arne. + +Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the +uncommon symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular +vivacity, enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all +the juvenile appearance marked by the author.--Percy, _Anecdotes_. + +_Ce'lia_, a poetical name for any lady-love: as "Would you know my +Celia's charms ...?" Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when +Celia is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her +real name is not known. + +_Ce'lia (Dame)_, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in +the hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, _coelum_, +"heaven.")--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 10 (1590). + +CELIA SHAW, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her +father and his clan intend to "clean out" a family fifteen miles up +the mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their +hut to warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful +journey, and dies of consumption.--Charles Egbert Craddock, _In the +Tennessee Mountains_ (1884). + +CÉLIMÈNE (3_syl_.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 _syl_.) the +"misanthrope" (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in +behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants Célimène +to forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to +do, and he replies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi tout +en vous, allez, je vous refuse." He then proposes to her cousin +Eliante (3 _syl_.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to +his friend Philinte (2 _syl_), and so the play ends.--Molière, _Le +Misanthrope_ (1666). + +"Célimène" in Molière's _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ is a mere dummy. +She is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play, +but never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance +at all. + +CELIN'DA, the victim of count Fathom's seduction.--Smollett, _Count +Fathom_ (1754). + +CEL'LIDE (2 _syl_.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. The +lady naturally prefers the younger man.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons. +Thomas_ (1619). + +CELTIC HOMER _(The)_, Ossian, said to be of the third century. + +If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all +appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and +beginning of the fourth century. + +The "Caracul" of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of +Seve'rus emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or +Carausius ... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish +historians place his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's +son.--_Era of Ossian._ + +CENCI. Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had four +sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable cruelty. +It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and debauched his +daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving brothers, with +Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and accomplished +his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on the +scaffold, September 11, 1501. + +It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini +palace at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido +Eeni was the painter. + +Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called _The Cenci_ (1819). + +CENIMAG'NI, the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and +Cambridge.--Cæsar, _Commentaries_. + +CENTAUR (_The Blue_), a human form from the waist upwards, and a goat +covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he fed +on human flesh. + +"Shepherds," said he, "I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me +every third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my +kinsmen and drive the Ogri away." ... He [_the Blue Centaur_] used to +appear on the top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a +terrible voice cry out to the shepherds, "Leave me my prey, and be off +with you!"--Comtesse d'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona," +1682). + +CEN'TURY WHITE, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called from +his chief work, entitled _The First Century of Scandalous, Malignant +Priests, etc._ (1590-1645). + +CE'PHAL (Greek, _Kephalê_), the Head personified, the "acropolis" of +_The Purple Island_, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by +Phineas Fletcher (1633). + +CEPH'ALUS (in Greek, _Kephalos_). One day, overcome with heat, +Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, "Come, gentle +Aura, and this heat allay!" The words were told to his young wife +Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously +jealous. Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a +covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank, +crying aloud, "Come, gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat +allay!" Her mistake was evident, and she was abont to throw herself +into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the +rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast +was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and +died.--Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii. + +(Cephalus loves Procris, _i.e._ "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is +killed by Cephalus, _i.e._ "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the +sun.") + +CERAS'TES (3 _syl_.), the horned snake. (Greek, _keras_, "a horn.") +Milton uses the word in _Paradise Lost_, x. 525 (1665). + +CERBERUS, a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dantê +places it in the third circle. + + Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange, + Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ... + His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard, + His belly large, and clawed the hands with which + He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs + Piecemeal disparts. + +Dantê, _Hell_, vi. (1300, Cary's translation). + +CER'DON, the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with +Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was +Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the +Rump army.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663). + +CERES (2 _syl._), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic +mythology Cerês means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits. + +_Ceres_, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the +observatory of Palermo, and Cerês is the tutelar goddess of Sicily. + +CER'IMON, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation +Thaisa, the wife of Per'iclês, prince of Tyre, supposed to be +dead.--Shakespeare, _Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608). + +CHAB'OT (_Philippe de_), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and +Normandy under François I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine, +out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant +Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and +Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied +upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession +of his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an +impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject +of a tragedy entitled _The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc._, by George +Chapman and James Shirley. + +CHAD'BAND (_The Rev. Mr._), type of a canting hypocrite "in the +ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes, +and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves +dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent.--C. Dickens, +_Bleak House_ (1853). + +CHAFFINGTON (_Mr. Percy_), M.P., a stockbroker.--T. M. Morton, _If I +had a Thousand a Year_. + +CHALBROTH, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including +Polypheme (3 _syl._), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and +closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its "week +of three Thursdays."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533). + +CHAL'YBES (3 _syl._), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea, +who occupied themselves in the working of iron. + + On the left hand dwell + The iron-workers called the Chalybês, + Of whom beware. + E. B. Browning, _Prometheus Bound_ (1850). + +CHAM, the pseudonym of comte Amédée de Noé, a peer of France, a +great wit, and the political caricaturist of _Charivari_ (the French +_Punch_). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in +1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so +Amédée was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de Noé _[Noah]._ + +CHAM OF LITERATURE, _(The Great_), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel +Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784). + +CHAM OF TARTARY, a corruption of Chan or Khan, _i.e._ "lord or +prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being +equal to the Latin _magnus_, and "chan" to _dominus_ or _imperator_. +Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan, +etc. The Turks have also had their "Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan +Selim chan," _i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim +prince_.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_, vi. 66 (1672). + +CHAM'BERLAIN _(Matthew)_, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger Raine +(1 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +CHAMONT, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight husband +of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud and +susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself up +as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her +honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her +guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her, +and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to +prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has +ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are +again altogether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was +like that of a madman with fire-brands in a stack-yard.--Otway, _The +Orphan_ (1680). + +There are characters in which he _[C. M. Young_] is unrivalled and +almost perfect. His "Pierre" [_Venice Preserved_, Otway] is more +soldierly than Kemble's; his "Chamont" is full of brotherly pride, +noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn.--_New Monthly Magazine_ (1822). + +CHAMPAGNE _(Henry earl of_), a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ +(time, Richard I.). + +CHAM'PERNEL', a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and +son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 _sy_).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The +Little French Lawyer_ (1647). + +CHAMPION OF THE VIRGIN. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his +defence of the "Incarnation" or doctrine of the "hypostatic union," in +the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople. + +CHAMPNEYS _(Sir Geoffry_), a fossilized old country gentleman, who +believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot, +and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of +these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their +fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to +abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all +ends happily. + +_Miss Champneys_, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but +quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick, +the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and +allow her to spend his money.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875). + +_Talbot Champneys_, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name, +which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the +battle of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but +his father wants him to marry Violet the heiress. + +CHAN'TICLEER (3 _syl_.), the cock, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the +Fox_ (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in _The +Canterbury Tales_, by Chaucer (1388). + +CHAON'IAN BIRD _(The)_, the dove; so called because doves delivered +the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia. + + But the mild swallow none with, toils infest, + And none the soft Chaonian bird molest. + Ovid, _Art of Love_, ii. + +CHAONIAN FOOD, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which +gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech +mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest of +Dodona. + +CHARALOIS, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight +years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by +him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law +which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by +his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his +father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the +marshal's.--Philip Massinger, _The Fatal Dowry_ (1632). + +(It will be remembered that Milti'adês, the Athenian general, died in +prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would +not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a +hostage.) + +CHAR'EGITE (3 _syl_.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a +Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of +Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to +stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the +assassin on the spot.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard +I.). + +CHARICLE'IA, the _fiancée_ of Theag'enês, in the Greek romance called +_The Loves of Theagenês and Charicleia_, by Heliodo'ros bishop of +Trikka (fourth century). + +CHARI'NO, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry Clodio, +a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a +young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos, +and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a +testy, obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own +way.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes the Man_ (1694). + +CHAR'LEMAGNE AND HIS PALADINS. This series of romances is of French +origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the +legendary chronicle in verse, called _Historia de Vita Carola Magni +et Rolandi_, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims +(a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three +hundred years later. The chief of the series are _Huon of Bordeaux, +Guerin de Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore_ (in which Charlemagne and his +paladins proceed in mufti to the Holy Land), _Miles and Ames_, +_Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais_, and _Maugis +the Enchanter_. + +_Charlemagne and the Ring_. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell +in love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed +bewitched, insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him; +but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the +astonishment of the court to find that the king seemed no less +bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and +spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite +offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this +strange infatuation, and on examining the body, found a ring under the +tongue, which he removed. Charlemagne now lost all regard for the +dead body; but followed Turpin, with whom, he seemed infatuated. The +archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool +at Aix, where Charlemagne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in +the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the +ring" was buried.--_Recherches de la France_, vi. 33. + +_Charlemagne and Years of Plenty_. According to German legend, +Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a +golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards. + + Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne, + Upon thy bridge of gold. + + Longfellow, _Autumn_. + +_Charlemagne not dead_. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned +and armed in Odenberg _(Hesse)_ or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till +the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom. +(See BARBAROSSA.) + +_Charlemagne's Nine Wives_: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who +bore him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3) +Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5) +Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde. +(7) Gersuinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda. + +_Charlemagne's Stature_. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet +high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone +three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple +as possible. + +_Charlemagne's Sword_, La Joyeuse. + +CHARLEMAGNE OF SERVIA, Stephen Dushan. + +CHARLES "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in +two novels, viz., _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein._ The +latter novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles +was slain. + +_Charles_ prince of Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I., +introduced by sir W. Scott in _The Fortunes of Nigel_. + +_Charles_ "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that +whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married +a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his +death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges.--S. Knowles, _The +Provost of Bruges_ (1836). + +CHARLES II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, +viz., _Peveril of the Peak_ and _Woodstock_. In this latter he appears +first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis +Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page). + +CHARLES IX. of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de Medici, +he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574). + +CHARLES XII. of Sweden. "Determined to brave the seasons, as he had +done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during +the cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two +thousand of his men died from the cold." + +(Planché has an historical drama, in two acts, called _Charles XII_.; +and the _Life of Charles XII_., by Voltaire, is considered to be one +of the best written historical works in the French language.) + +CHARLES EDWARD [STUART], called "The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward, +the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_ +(time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and afterwards as +"Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced in _Waverley_ +(time, George II.). + +CHARLES EMMANUEL, son of Victor Amade'us (4 _syl_.) king of Sardinia. +In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to +restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor +plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he +died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.--R. +Browning, _King Victor and King Charles, etc_. + +CHARLES KNOLLYS, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse on +his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young and +beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.--J. S. of Dale +(Frederic Jesup Stimson), _Mrs. Knollys_ (1888). + +CHARLEY, plu. _Charlies_, an old watchman or "night guardian," before +the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So +called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system. + +CHARLEY KEENE, merry little doctor in _The Grandissimes_, in love with +the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880). + +CHARLIE, _alias_ "Injin Charlie," _alias_ "Old Charlie," a "dark white +man" in _Belles Demoiselles' Plantation_, by George W. Cable. "Sunk in +the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least, +unmerciful" (1879). + +CHARIOT, a messenger from Liëge to Louis XI--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin +Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +CHARLOTTE, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have +perished at sea.--Geo. Lillo, _Fatal Curiosity_ (1736). + +_Charlotte_, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir +Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful +alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, "Han, hi, +han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and +the young lady is soon cured by "pills matrimoniac." In Molière's _Le +Médecin Malgré Lui_ Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act +ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French.--H. Fielding, _The Mock +Doctor_. + +_Charlotte_, daughter of sir John Lambert, in _The Hypocrite_, by Is. +Bickerstaff (1768); in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of +tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell, +who is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat +sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her +constant exclamation is "Lud!" + +In Molière's comedy of _Tartuffe_ Charlotte is called "Mariane," and +Darnley is "Valère." + +_Charlotte_, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her +father was "state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller, +and behaves rudely to her (see act ii. 3).--Benjamin Thompson, _The +Stranger_ (1797). + +_Charlotte_, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl, +who ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master.--C. Dickens, _Oliver +Twist_ (1837). + +_Charlotte_, a fugitive slave whose hairbreadth escapes are narrated +in J. T. Trowbridge's story of _Neighbor Jackwood_ (1857). + +_Charlotte (Lady)_, the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the +airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her +own and other households address her as "Your ladyship," or "lady +Charlotte;" but though so mighty grand, she is "noted for a plaguy +pair of thick legs."--Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ +(1759). + +CHARLOTTE CORDAY, devoted patriot of the French Revolution. Believing +Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the bath; +was arrested and guillotined. + +CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna, +author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862). + +CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune. +She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she +has lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her +suitors but one depart, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan, +who declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve, +but before he loved her "with fear and trembling, like a man that +loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun."--C. Macklin, +_Love-à-la-mode_ (1779). + +CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose +seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely +death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by "Mrs. +Rowson." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trinity church-yard, New York. + +CHAR'MIAN, a kind-hearted, simple-minded attendant on Cleopatra. After +the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm, +and when the, Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down +dead.--Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_ (1608). + +CHAR'TERIS _(Sir Patrick_), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth.--Sir W. +Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +CHARTIST CLERGYMAN _(The)_, Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877). + +CHARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, is +lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six +daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble +houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his +satirical fable called _Mother Hubbard's Tale_ (1591). She was thrice +married; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was +Robert lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his +father in 1608 as earl of Dorset. + + No less praiseworthy are the sisters three, + The honor of the noble family + + Of which I meanest boast myself to be,... + Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis: + Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three, + The next to her is bountiful Charyllis. + +_Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594). + +CHASTE _(The)_, Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835 +abdicated, died 842). + +CHATOOKEE, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but catches +the raindrops in falling.--_Account of the Baptist Missionaries_, ii. +309. + + Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird, + Who never dips in earthly streams her bill, + But, when the sound of coming showers is heard, + Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill. + +Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxi. 6 (1809). + +CHAT'TANACH _(M'Gillie)_, chief of the clan Chattan.--Sir W. Scott, +_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +CHAT'TERLEY _(Rev. Simon_), "the man of religion" at the Spa, one +of the managing committee.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, +George III.). + +CHAUBERT _(Mons.)_, Master Chaffinch's cook.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril +of the Peak_ (time, George II.). + +CHAUCER OF FRANCE, Clément Marot (1484-1544). + +CHAU'NUS, Arrogance personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas +Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himself with praising he dispraised." Fully +described in canto viii. (Greek, _chaunos_, "vain".) + +CHEAT'LY (2 _syl_.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia +(Whitefriars). He dares not leave the "refuge" by reason of debt; +but in the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to +money, and becomes bound for them.--Shadwell, _Squire of Alsatia_ +(1688). + +CHE'BAR, the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of +Bethany.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xii. (1771). + +Ched'eraza'de (5 _syl_.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer, +sultan of Cassimir. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced +marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the +sultana pined away and died.--Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the +Genii_ ("Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751). + +CHEDER'LES (3 _syl_.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a +virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank +of the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any +who invoke it. + + When Chederlês conies + To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse, + ... as _[if]_ he had newly quaffed + The hidden waters of eternal youth. + Southey, _Joan of Arc_, vi. 302, etc. (1837). + +CHEENEY _(Frank)_, an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate +Tyson.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_. + +CHEERLY' _(Mrs.)_, daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married +three years, she was left a widow, young, handsome, rich, lively, and +gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall, +an open-hearted, impulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her, +and followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story, +misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to +hush-money; but his character was amply vindicated, and "the soldier's +daughter" became his blooming wife.--Cherry, _The Soldier's Daughter_ +(1804). + +Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her _début_ at the Theatre +Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as "The Widow Cheerly."--W. Donaldson. + +CHEERYBLE BROTHERS _(The)_, brother Ned and brother Charles, the +incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent, +and kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets +barefooted, and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were +ever ready to stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against +the buffets of fortune. + +_Frank Cheeryble_, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate +Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838). + +CHEESE _(Dr.)_, an English translation of the Latin _Dr. Caseus_, +that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of +Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne. + +CHEMISTRY _(The Father of_, Arnaud do Villeneuve (1238-1314)). + +CHE'MOS _(ch = k)_, god of the Moabites; also called Baal-Pe'ör; the +Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple to +this obscene idol "in the hill that is before Jerusalem" (1 _Kings_ +xi. 7). In the hierarchy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank: +(1) Satan, (2) Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos. + +Next Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Peör his other name. + + _Paradise Lost_, 406, 412 (1665). + +CHENEY, a mighty hunter in the northern woods, whose story is told in +_The Adirondack_, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849). + +CHERONE'AN _(The)_ or THE CHERONE'AN SAGE _(ch = k)_, Plutarch, who +was born at Chaerone'a, in Boeo'tia (A.D. 46-120). + + This praise, O Cheronean sage, is thine. + Beattie, _Minstrel_ (1773). + +CHER'RY, the lively daughter of Boniface, landlord of the inn at +Lichfield.--Geo. + +Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705). (See CHERY.) + +_Cherry (Andrew)_, comic actor and dramatist (1762-1812), author of +_The Soldier's Daughter. All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow. +The Village, Spanish Dollars_, etc. He was specially noted for his +excellent wigs. + + Shall sapient managers new scenes produce + From Cherry, Skeffington, and _Mother Goose?_ + Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ + (1809). + +[Illustration] _Mother Goose_ is a pantomime by C. Dibdin. + +CHER'UBIM (_Don_), the "bachelor of Salamanca," who is placed in a +vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate +with all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire +and wit in every direction.--Lesage, _The Bachelor of Salamanca_ +(1737). + +CHER'Y, the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother), +married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his +cousin the three wonderful things: _The dancing water_, which had the +power of imparting beauty; _the singing apple_, which had the power +of imparting wit; and _the little green bird_, which had the power +of telling secrets.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Princess +Fairstar," 1682). + +CHES'TER (_Sir John_), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn enemy +of Geoffrey Haredale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is the +father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn. + +_Edward Chester_, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale.--C. +Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841). + +CHESTERFIELD (_Charles_), a young man of genius, the hero and title +of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to +satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure +authors, editors, and publishers as profligate, selfish, and corrupt. + +CHESTERTON (_Paul_), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker and +M.P.--T.M. Morton, _If I had a Thousand a Year_ (1764-1838). + +CHEVALIER D'INDUSTRIE, a man who lives by his wits and calls himself a +"gentleman." + + Denicheur de fauvettes, chevalier de l'ordre de + l'industrie, qui va chercher quelque bon nid, + quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune.--_Gongam_ + ou _L'Homme Prodigieux_ (1713). + +CHEVALIER MALFET (_Le_), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he was +cured of his madness. The meaning of the phrase is "The knight who +has done ill," or "The knight who has trespassed."--Sir T. Malory, +_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 20 (1470). + +CHEVERIL (_Hans_), the ward of Mordent, just come of age. Impulsive, +generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns to be a +villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna "the deserted +daughter," and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the +clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her.--Holcroft, _The +Deserted Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_). + + The part that placed me [_Walter Lacy_] in the + position of a light comedian was "Cheveril," in + _The Steward_, altered from Holcroft's _Deserted + Daughter._--W. Lacy, _Letter to W.C. Russell_. + +CHIBIA'BOS, the Harmony of Nature personified; a musician, the friend +of Hiawatha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on +his pipe, the "brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the +squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat upright to look and listen." +He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice. + + Most beloved by Hiawatha + Was the gentle Chibiabos; + He the best of all musicians, + He the sweetest of all singers. + + Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi. and xv. + +_Chibiabos_, venerable chief in _The Myth of Hiaiwatha and Other Oral +Legends of North American Indians_, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1856). + +CHICANEAU _(She'.ka.no')_, a litigious tradesman in _Les Plaideurs_, +by Racine, (1668). + +CHICH'I-VACHE (3 _syl_.), a monster that fed only on good women. The +word means the "sorry cow." It was all skin and bone, because its food +was so extremely scarce. (See BYCORN.) + + O noble wyvês, full of heigh prudence, + Let noon humilitie your tongês nayle., + Lest Chichi-Vache you swalwe in her entraile. + + Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("Clerk's Tale," 1388). + +CHICK _(Mr.)_, brother-in-law of Mr. Dombey; a stout gentleman, with a +tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr. Chick is +somewhat henpecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though apparently +beaten, he not unfrequently rises up the superior and gets his own +way. + +_Louisa Chick_, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish +temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded +that anything can be accomplished if persons will only "make an +effort."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +CHICKEN _(The)_, Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called because +in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, "I deliver this opinion with +great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law." + +_Chicken_ (_The Game_), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the +Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing, +betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead, +a broken nose, and "a considerable tract of bare and sterile country +behind each ear."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +CHICKENS AND THE AUGURS. When the augurs told Publius Claudius +Pulcher, the Roman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian +fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, "Then toss +them into the sea, that they may drink." + +CHICK'ENSTALKER (_Mrs_.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who +keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married +to Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ +(1844). + +CHICK'WEED (_Conkey, i.e. Nosey_), the man who robbed himself. He was +a licensed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he +had been robbed of 327 guineas "by a tall man with a black patch over +his eye." He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on +his behalf. A detective was sent to examine into the "robbery," +and Chickweed would cry out, "There he is!" and run after the +"hypothetical thief" for a considerable distance, and then lose sight +of him. This occurred over and over again, and at last the detective +said to him, "I've found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?" +said Chickweed. "Yes," said Spyers, "you done it yourself." And so he +had.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxi. (1837). + +CHIF'FINCH (_Master Thomas_), _alias_ Will Smith, a friend of Richard +Ganlesse (2 _syl_.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was +employed by the duke of Buckingham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to +Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril. + +_Kate Chiffinch_, mistress of Thomas Chiffinch.--Sir W. Scott, +_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +CHIGNON _[Shin.yong]_, the French valet of Miss Alscrip "the heiress." +A silly, affected, typical French valet-de-chambre.--General Burgoyne, +_The Heiress_ (1718). + +CHI'LAX, a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in +Paphos.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617). + +CHILD (_The_), Bettina, daughter of Maximiliane Brentano. So called +from the title of her book, _Goethe's Correspondence with a Child_. + +CHILD OF NATURE (_The_), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the +"child of Nature." She was the daughter of Alberto, banished "by an +unjust sentence," and during his exile he left his daughter under +the charge of the marquis Almanza. Amantis was brought up in total +ignorance of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but +felt grateful to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she +called "gratitude" the world calls "love." Her father returned home +rich, his sentence cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time +to give his daughter in marriage to his friend Almanza. + +CHILDE HAROLD, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to +place, to kill time and escape from himself. The "childe" is, in fact, +lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem, +which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the "childe" visits +Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in +canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816); and in canto iv. Venice, +Rome, and Florence (1817). + +("Childe" is a title of honor, about tantamount to "lord," as childe +Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, childe +Childers, etc.) + +CHIL'DERS (_E.W.B._), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted +for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the "Wild +Huntsman of the Prairies." This compound of groom and actor marries +Josephine, Sleary's daughter. + +_Kidderminster Childers_, son of the above, known in the profession as +"Cupid." He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner +wholly beyond his years.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854). + +CHILDREN (_The Henneberg_). It is said that the countess of Henneberg +railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning on the +countess, who was forty-two years old, said, "May you have as many +children as there are days in a year," and sure enough, on Good +Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth; all the +males were christened _John_, and all the females _Elizabeth_. They +were buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in +which they were baptized. + +CHILDREN IN THE WOOD, the little son (three years old) and younger +daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the +care of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have £300 a year +on coming of age, and the girl £500 as a wedding portion; but if the +children died in their minority the money was to go to the uncle. The +uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder +the children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then, +instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Wayland Wood, where +they gathered blackberries, but died at night with cold and terror. +All things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and +the ruffian, after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole +villainy.--Percy, _Reliques_, III. ii. 18. + +CHILDREN OF THE MIST, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild +race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in +pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14).--Sir W. +Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +CHILLIP (_Dr_.), a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the +birth of David. + +He was the meekest of his set, the mildest of little men.--C. Dickens, +_David Copperfield_, i. (1849). + +CHILLON' (_Prisoner of_) François de Bonnivard, of Lunes, the Genevese +patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III. (the +duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was +cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six +years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died +on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake, and three were +imprisoned at Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but François was +set at liberty by the people of Berne.--Byron, _Prisoner of Chillon_ +(1816). + +CHIMÈNE (_La Belle_) or Xime'na, daughter of count Lozano de Gormaz, +wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she defended Valentia from the +Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and Guihem +de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the _rôle_ they +represent her to have taken is wholly imaginary. + +CHINAMAN (_John_), a man of China. + +CHINDASUIN'THO (4 _syl_.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred, and +grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings.--Southey, _Roderick, +etc_. (1814). + +CHINESE PHILOSOPHER (_A_). Oliver Goldsmith, in the _Citizen of the +World_, calls his book "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in +London to his Friends in the East" (1759). + +CHINGACHGOOK, the Indian chief, called in French _Le Gros Serpent_. +Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels, +_The Last of the Mohicans. The Pathfinder. The Deerslayer_, and _The +Pioneer_. + +CHINTZ (_Mary_), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem +Miller.--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_. + +CHI'OS (_The Man of_), Homer, who lived at Chios [_Ki'.os_]. At least +Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard, +according to the Latin hexameter verse: + + Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios, + Argos, Athenae.--Varro. + +CHIRN'SIDE (_Luckie_), poulterer at Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W. +Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +CHI'RON, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine, +music, gymnastics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupils +Achilles, Peleus, Diomede, and indeed all the most noted heroes +of Grecian story. Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the +constellation _Sagittarius_. + + ... as Chiron erst had done + To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling + son [_Achilles_]. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612). + +CHIRRUP (_Betsey_), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the +misanthrope.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_. + +CHITA, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in Lufcadio +Hearn's _Chita: A Memory of Last Island_. The little one is dragged +from her dead mother's neck while she has still the strength to cry +out "_Maman! maman_!" and borne through the surf by the fisherman +Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble +pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of +yellow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father +(1888). + +CHITLING (_Tom_), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom Chitling +was always most deferential to the "Artful Dodger."--C. Dickens, +_Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +CHIVALRY (_The Flower of_), William Douglas, lord of Liddesdale +(fourteenth century). + +CHLO'E [_Klo'.e_], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the pastoral +romance called _Daphnis and Chloé_, by Longus. St. Pierre's tale of +_Paul and Virginia_ is based on this pastoral. + +_Chloe_ or rather _Cloe_. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723). + +_Chloe (Aunt)_, the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher +Stowe's famous book _Uncle Tom's Cabin_. She hires herself out to a +pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is "sold South." Her +exhortation, "Think o' your marcies, chillen! think o' your marcies!" +is sincere, yet when Tom quotes, "Pray for them that despitefully use +you," she sobs out, "Lor'! it's too tough! I _can't_ pray for 'em!" +(1852.) + +_Chloe_ (_Aunt_), "a homeless widow, of excellent Vermont intentions +and high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most difficult of human +tasks, the training of another woman's child.... She held it to be the +first business of any woman who undertook the management of a +literary family like her brother's to attend properly to its +digestion."--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, _The Story of Avis_ (1877). + +CHLO'RIS, the ancient Greek name of Flora. + + Around your haunts + The laughing Chloris with profusest hand + Throws wide her blooms and odors. + Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_. + +CHOE'REAS (_ch = k_), the lover of Callirrhoê, in the Greek romance +called _The Loves of Choereas and Callirrhoê_, by Char'iton (eighth +century). + +CHOKE (_General_), a lank North American gentleman, "one of the most +remarkable men in the country." He was editor of _The Watertoast +Gazette_, and a member of "The Eden Land Corporation." It was general +Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious +Eden swindle.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +CHOLMONDELEY [_Chum'.ly_], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey +Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +CHOPPARD (_Pierre_), one of the gang of thieves, called "The Ugly +Mug." When asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, "I'll +ask my wife, my memory's so slippery."--Edward Stirling, _The Courier +of Lyons_ (1852). + +CHRIEMHIL'DA. (See under K.) + +CHRISOM CHILD (_A_), a child that dies within a month of its birth. So +called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with _chrism_ +(oil and balm) worn at its baptism. + +"He's in Arthur's [_Abraham's_] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's +bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had been any christom +[_chrisom_] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide." +(Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.)--Shakespeare, _Henry +V_. act ii. sc. 3 (1599). + + Why, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism child. + Jean Ingelow, _Brothers and a Sermon_. + +CHRIS'TABEL (_ch = k_), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the same +title by Coleridge. + +_Christabel_, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled _Sir Eglamour +of Artois_. + +CHRISTABELLE [_Kris.'ta.bel_], daughter of "a bonnie king of Ireland," +beloved by sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). When the king knew of their loves +he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped +the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of which +was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day came a +giant with two "goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," called the +Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his challenge save +the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his adversary, but died +himself of the wounds he had received. When it was discovered that the +knight was sir Cauline, the lady "fette a sighe, that burst her gentle +hearte in twayne."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Sir Cauline," I. i. 4). + +CHRISTIAN, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called _The Pilgrim's +Progress_. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the +Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders, +which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The +pack, of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood +of the cross. 1678.) + +_Christian_, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch.--_Acts_ +xi. 26. + +_Christian_, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which +Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's +daughter.--J. R. Ware, _The Polish Jew_. + +_Christian_, synonym of "_Peasant_" in Russia. This has arisen from +the abundant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great, +to prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan +masters. No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and +no Mohammedan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate. + +_Christian II_. (or _Christiern_), king of Norway, Sweden, and +Denmark. When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose +Gustavus Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which +the Swedes were victorious; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return +to their country. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an +independent kingdom.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730). + +_Chris'tian (Edward)_, a conspirator. He has two _aliases_, "Richard +Gan'lesse" (2 _syl_.) and "Simon Can'ter." + +_Colonel William Christian_, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection. + +_Fenella_ alias _Zarah Christian_, daughter of Edward Christian.--Sir +W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, George II.). + +_Christian_ (_Fletcher_), mate of the _Bounty_, under the command of +captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain +and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and, +according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island +of Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Here Torquil, one of the +mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to +capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in +a cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is +not according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and +then, with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed +for Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed +his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch.--Byron, _The +Island_. + +CHRISTIAN DOCTOR (_Most_), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429). + +CHRISTIAN ELOQUENCE (_The Founder of_), Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704). + +CHRISTIAN KING (_Most_). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin _le +Bref_ was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. _le +Chauve_ was so styled by the Council of Savonnières (823, 840-877). +Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483). + +CHRISTIAN'A (_ch = k_), the wife of Christian, who started with +her children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her +husband's flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and +went, therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This +forms the second part of Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_ (1684). + +CHRIS'TIE (2 _syl_.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of Julian +Avenel (2 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Chris'tie_ (_John_), ship-chandler at Paul's wharf. + +_Dame Nelly Christie_, his pretty wife, carried off by lord +Dalgarno.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.). + +CHRISTI'NA, daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and +Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus +Vasa; but the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend. +After the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus, +Christina clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his +behalf. He is sent back to Denmark, with all his men, without ransom, +but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom.--H. +Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730). + +CHRISTINA PURCELL, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and frank +innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shadows glooming over +outcast "Nixy" in _Hedged In._ + +She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered +if the lady here and the white daughter were religious; if it were +because people were white and religious that they all turned her from +their doors,--then, abruptly, how _she_ would look sitting in the +light of a porcelain lamp, with a white sack on.--Elizabeth Stuart +Phelps, _Hedged In_ (1870). + +CHRIS'TINE (2 _syl_.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service +of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the +recapture of Ernest ("the prisoner of state"), she goes boldly to king +Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty, +Ernest marries the countess.--E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ +(1847). + +CHRISTINE DRYFOOS, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made +man in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_ (1889). + +She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her +father's fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money +gives to ignorance. She is madly in love with Beaton, whose attentions +have raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last +meeting she felt him more than life to her, and knew him lost, and the +frenzy that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vitriol to +destroy the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless +soul.... She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at +the face he bent towards her. + +CHRISTMAS TREASURES. Eugene Field, in _A Little Book of Western +Verse_, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as + + The little toy my darling knew, + A little sock of faded hue, + A little lock of golden hair, + +all that remains to him who, + + As he lisped his evening prayer + Asked the boon with childish grace, + Then, toddling to the chimney-place, + He hung his little stocking there. + +(1889.) + +CHRIS'TOPHER _(St.)_, a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said to +have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body +was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offerus +made a vow to serve only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was +"the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor +crossed himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that +there was one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his +service for that of the devil. After awhile. Offerus discovered that +the devil was afraid of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ, +employing himself in carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day, +a very small child was carried across by him, but proved so heavy that +Offerus, though a huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight. +This child was Jesus, who changed the giant's name to _Christoferus_, +"bearer of Christ." He died three days afterwards, and was canonized. + + Like the great giant Christopher, it stands + Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave. + +Longfellow, _The Lighthouse_. + +CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, otherwise "Uncle Christopher," is the +consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six +daughters, in _Clovernook_, by Alice Cary (1851). + +CHRIST'S VICTORY AND TRIUMPHS, a poem in four parts, by Giles Fletcher +(1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He reconciled +Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human flesh; +part ii. "Christ's Triumph on Earth," when He was led up into the +wilderness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition; +part iii. "Christ's Triumph over Death," when He died on the Cross; +part iv. "Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection and +ascension. (See PARADISE REGAINED.) + +CHRONICLERS _(Anglo-Norman)_, a series of writers on British history +in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gaimar wrote his Anglo-Norman +chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Saxon +kings. Robert Wace wrote the _Brut d'Angleterre [i.e., Chronicle of +England_] in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work to Henry II. +It was begun in 1160 and finished in 1170. + +_Chroniclers (Latin)_, historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth +centuries. + +_Chroniclers (Rhyming)_, a series of writers on English history, from +the thirteenth century. The most noted are: Layamon (called "The +English Ennius") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of +Gloucester, who wrote a narrative of British history from the landing +of Brute to the close of the reign of Henry III. (to 1272). No date is +assigned to the coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius Aene'as +(the third generation from Æneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), +so that the date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope +of 2300 years to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight +and six syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen +syllables each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The +first ends with the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the +death of Edward I. The earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman +chronicle of Wace. (The verse is octo-syllabic.) + +CHRONICLES OF CANONGATE, certain stories supposed to have been written +by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, who +lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These +tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by +whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains +_The Highland Widow, The Two Drovers_, and _The Surgeon's Daughter_ +[afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains _The +Fair Maid of Perth_.--Sir W. Scott. + +"Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to _The Highland Widow_). + +CHRONOLOGY _(The father of_), J. J. Scaliger (1540-1609). + +CHRONON--HOTON--THOL'OGOS _(King)._ He strikes Bombardin'ian, general +of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, "Kings as great +as Chrononhotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The king +calls his general a traitor. "Traitor in thy teeth!" retorts +the general. They fight, and the king dies.--H. Carey, +_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque). + +CHRYSALDE' (2 _syl_.), friend of Arnolphe.--Molière, _L'École des +Femmes_ (1662). + +CHRYSALE (2 _syl_.), a simple-minded, henpecked French tradesman, +whose wife Philaminte (3 _syl_.) neglects her house for the learned +languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself +a plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the _bas bleu_ +movement. He has two daughters, Armande (2 _syl_.) and Henriette, both +of whom love Clitandre; but Armande, who is a "blue-stocking," loves +him platonically; while Henriette, who is a "thorough woman," loves +him with a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette, +and when he falls into money difficulties through the "learned +proclivities" of his wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man, +and obtains the consent of both parents to his marriage with +Henriette.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672). + +CHRYSA'OR _(ch = k)_, the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all +other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against +the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the +Knight of Justice. + +Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no +substance was so ... hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it +came. Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. (1596). + +[Illustration] The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Radigund +queen of the Amazons (bk. v. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound +(canto 12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto (_the +spirit of rebellion_). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because +"the blade was garnished all with gold." + +_Chrysa'or_, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rhoê (4 +_syl._), one of the sea-nymphs. + + Chrysaor rising out of the sea, + Showed thus glorious and thus emulous, + Leaving the arms of Callirrhoê. + Longfellow, _The Evening Star_. + +Chryseis [_Kri see'.iss_], daughter of Chrysês priest of Apollo. She +was famed for her beauty and her embroidery. During the Trojan war +Chryseis was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos, +but her father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the +offered ransom, and Chrysês prayed that a plague might fall on the +Grecian camp. His prayer was answered, and in order to avert the +plague Agamemnon sent the lady back to her father not only without +ransom but with costly gifts.--Homer, _Iliad_, i. + +CHRYSOSTOM, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, "rich +William's daughter." + +CHUCKS, the boatswain under Captain Savage.--Captain Marryat, _Peter +Simple_ (1833). + +CHUFFEY, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but +master and man love each other with sincerest affection. + +Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place, +where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard.... +save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to +soak his bread mechanically.... He remained, as it were, frozen up; +if any term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to +him--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_, xi. (1843). + +CHUNÉE (_À la_), very huge and bulky. Chunée was the largest elephant +ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent Garden, +bought it for £900 to appear in the pantomime of _Harlequin +Padmenaba_, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor +of Exeter 'Change. Chunée at length became mad, and was shot by a +detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is +preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4 +inches high. + +CHURCH BUILT BY VOLTAIRE. Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney, a +Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it "_Deo erexit +Voltaire_." Campbell, in the Life of Cowper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he +knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines:" + + Nor his who for the bane of thousands born, + Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn. + +Cowper, _Retirement_ (1782). + +CHURM. Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in _Cecil +Dreeme_. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevolence is the +Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated. +--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_ (1861). + +CHUZZLEWIT (_Anthony_), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the grandfather. +Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought up his +son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two redeeming +points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and his +forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him. + +The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, Manchester +warehousemen ... had its place of business in a very narrow street +somewhere behind the Post Office.... A dim, dirty, smoky, tumble-down, +rotten old house it was ... but here the firm ... transacted their +business ... and neither the young man nor the old one had any other +residence.--Chap. xi. + +_Jonas Chuzzlewit_, son of Anthony, of the "firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit +and Son, Manchester warehousemen." A consummate villain of mean +brutality and small tyranny. He attempts to poison his old father, +and murders Montague Tigg, who knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy +Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life of utter misery. His +education had been conducted on money-grubbing principles; the first +word he was taught to spell was _gain_, and the second, _money_. He +poisons himself to save his neck from the gallows. + +This fine young man had all the inclination of a profligate of +the first water, and only lacked the one good trait in the common +catalogue of debauched vices--open-handedness--to be a notable +vagabond. But there his griping and penurious habits stepped +in.--Chap. xi. + +_Martin Chuzzlewit, sen._, grandfather to the hero of the same name. +A stern old man, whose kind heart has been turned to gall by the dire +selfishness of his relations. Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he +goes to live in his house, and pretends to be weak in intellect, but +keeps his eyes sharp open, and is able to expose the canting scoundrel +in all his deformity. + +_Martin Chuzzlewit, jun._, the hero of the tale called _Martin +Chuzzlewit_, grandson to old Martin. His nature has been warped by +bad training, and, at first, he is both selfish and exacting; but the +troubles and hardships he undergoes in "Eden" completely transform +him, and he becomes worthy of Mary Graham, whom he marries.--C. +Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +CYNDO'NAX, a chief druid, whose tomb (with a Greek inscription) was +discovered near Dijon, in 1598. + +CIACCO' (2 _syl._), a glutton, spoken to by Dantê, in the third circle +of hell, the place in which gluttons are consigned to endless woe. The +word means "a pig," and is not a proper name, but only a symbolical +one.--Dantê, _Hell_, vi. (1300). + + Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much. + _Hell_, vi. + +CICERO. When the great Roman orator was given up by Augustus to the +revenge of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted the sicarii to +Formiae, whither Cicero had fled in a litter, intending to put to +sea. His bearers would have fought, but Cicero forbade them, and one +Herennius has the unenviable notoriety of being his murderer. + +It was a cobbler that set the murderers on Cicero.--Ouida, _Ariadnê_, +i. 6. + +_Cicero of the British Senate_, George Canning (1770-1827). + +_Cicero of France_, Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742). + +_Cicero of Germany_, John, Elector of Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499). + +_Cicero's Mouth_, Philippe Pot, Prime Minister of Louis XL +(1428-1494). + +_The British Cicero_, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778). + +_The Christian Cicero_, Lucius Coelius Lactantius (died 330). + +_The German Cicero_, Johann Sturm, printer and scholar (1507-1589). + +CICELY (_Sweet_). Heroine of novel by Marietta Holley, better known as +"Josiah Allen's wife." (1885). + +_Cicely Humphreys_. Putative daughter of Bothwell and Marie +Stuart; who is made the companion of her mother's journeyings and +captivity.--C.M. Yonge, _Unknown to History_ (1885). + +CYCLINIUS, mistake in one only manuscript of Chaucer for Cyllenius, a +name of Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia. + +Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in his chevauchie. Chaucer, _Complaint of +Mars and Venus_. + +CID (_The_) = Seid or Signior, also called CAMPEADOR [_Cam.pa'.dor_] +or "Camp hero." Rodrigue Diaz de Bivar was surnamed "the Cid." The +great hero of Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and died, 1099. +He signalized himself by his exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand, +Sancho II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castille. In the wars between +Sancho II. and his brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the former; +and, on the assassination of Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the +court. He then assembled his vassals and marched against the +Moors, whom he conquered in several battles, so that Alphonso was +necessitated to recall him. Both Corneille and Guilhem de Cantro have +admirable tragedies on the subject; Ross Neil has an English drama +called _The Cid_; Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 1128 verses, +called _Poema del Cid Campeador_. Southey, in his _Chronicle of the +Cid_ (1808), has collected all that is known of this extraordinary +hero. (It was _The Cid_ (1636) which gained for Corneille the title of +"Le Grand Corneille.") + +_The Cid's Father_, Don Diego Lainez. + +_The Cid's Mother_, Doña Teresa Nnñez. + +_The Cid's Wife_, Xime'na, daughter of the Count Lozano de Gormaz. The +French called her _La Belle Chimène_, but the _rôle_ ascribed to her +by Corneille is wholly imaginary. + + Never more to thine own castle + Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein; + Never will thy loved Ximena + See thee at her side again. + _The Cid_. + +_The Cid's Children_. His two daughters were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son, +Diego Rodriquez, died young. + +_The Cid's Horse_ was Babieca [either _Bab.i.e'.keh_ or +_Ba.bee.'keh]._ It survived its master two years and a half, but no +one was allowed to mount it. Babieca was buried before the monastery +gates of Valencia, and two elms were planted to mark the spot. + + Troth it goodly was and pleasant + To behold him at their head, + All in mail on Babieca, + And to list the words he said. + _The Cid_. + +(Here "Babieca" is 4 _syl_., but in the verse above it is only 3 +_syl_.). + +_The Cid's Swords_, Cola'da and Tizo'na ("terror of the world"). The +latter was taken by him from King Bucar. + +_Cid (The Portuguese_), Nunez Alva'rez Perei'ra (1360-1431). + +CID HAMET BENENGELI, the hypothetical author of _Don Quixote_. (See +BENENGELI). + +Spanish commentators have discovered this pseudonym to be only an +Arabian version of _Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e._, "signior;" _Hamet_, +a Moorish prefix; and _Ben-en-geli_, meaning "son of a stag." So +_cervato_ ("a young stag") is the basis of the name Cervantes. + +CIDLI, the daughter of Jairus, restored to life by Jesus. She was +beloved by Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also raised by Jesus from +the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iv. (1771). + +CIGARETTE. _Vivandiére_ in the French army in Algiers. Passionate, +wilful, tender and brave, she gives her life to save that of the man +she loves.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_. + +CIMMERIAN DARKNESS. Homer places the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus, +in a land of never-ending gloom; and immediately after Cimmeria, he +places the empire of Hadês. Pliny (_Historia Naturalis_, vi. 14) +places Cimmeria near the Lake Avernus, in Italy, where "the sun never +penetrates." Cimmeria is now called _Kertch_, but the Cossacks call it +_Prekla (Hell)._ + +CINCINNATUS, virtuous Roman patriot called from the plough to serve +the State. + +CINCINNA'TUS OF THE AMERICANS, George Washington (1732-1799). + +CINDERELLA, the heroine of a fairy tale. She was the drudge of the +house, "put upon" by her two elder sisters. While the elder sisters +were at a ball, a fairy came, and having arrayed the "little +cinder-girl" in ball costume, sent her in a magnificent coach to the +palace where the ball was given. The prince fell in love with her, +but knew not who she was. This, however, he discovered by means of a +"glass slipper" which she dropped, and which fitted no foot but her +own. + +(This tale is substantially the same as that of _Rhodopis and +Psammitichus_ in Ælian _[Var. Hist_., xiii., 32]. A similar one is +also told in Strabo _(Geog._ xvii).) + +The _glass_ slipper should be the _fur_ slipper, _pantoufle en vair_, +not _en verre_; our version being taken from the _Contes de Fees_ of +C. Perrault (1697). + +CINDY, maid-of-all-work in the Derrick household, in Susan Warner's +_Say and Seal._ With the freedom of Yankee help she is "'boun' to +confess" whatever occurs to her mind in season and out of season. +(1860). + +CINNA, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille (1637). Mdlle. Rachel, in 1838, +took the part of Emilie the heroine, and made a great sensation in +Paris. + +CINQ-MARS, (_H. Coiffier de Ruze, marquis de_), favorite of Louis +XIII. and _protégé_ of Richelieu (1620-1642). Irritated by the +cardinal's opposition to his marriage with Marie de Gonzague, +Cinq-Mars tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. Gaston, the king's +brother, sided with the conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the +plot, and Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was condemned to death. Alfred de +Vigny published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of Scott's historical +novels) on the subject, under the title of _Cinq-Mars._ + +CINQUECENTO (3 _syl_.), the fifteenth century of Italian notables. +They were Ariosto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and Giovanni +Rucellai (1475-1526), _poets_; Raphael (1483-1520), Titian +(1480-1576), and Michael Angelo (1474-1564), _painters_. These, with +Machiavelli, Luigi Alamanni, Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is +termed the "Cinquecentesti." The word means the worthies of the '500 +epoch, and it will be observed that they all flourished between 1500 +and the close of that century. (See SEICENTA). + + Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Venetian + writing-table of cinquecento work that + would enrapture the souls of the virtuosi who + haunt Christie's.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix. + +CIPAN'GO OR ZIPANGO, a marvellous island described in the _Voyages_ of +Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described it as lying some 1500 +miles from land. This island was an object of diligent search with +Columbus and other early navigators, but belongs to that wonderful +chart which contains the _El Dorado_ of Sir Walter Raleigh, the +_Utopia_ of Sir Thomas More, the _Atlantis_ of Lord Bacon, the +_Laputa_ of Dean Swift, and other places better known in story than in +geography. + +CIRCE (2 _syl_.), a sorceress who metamorphosed the companions of +Ulysses into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchantment by means of the +herb _moly_, given him by Mercury. + + Who knows not Circe, + The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup + Whoever tasted lost his upright shape, + And downward fell into a grovelling swine? + Milton, _Comus_ (1634). + +CIRCUIT _(Serjeant)_, in Foote's farce called _The Lame Lover_. + +CIS'LEY or CISS, any dairy-maid. Tusser frequently speaks of the +"dairy-maid Cisley," and in _April Husbandry_ tells Ciss she must +carefully keep these ten guests from her cheeses: Gehazi, Lot's wife, +Argus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and +bishops. (1)Gehazi, because a cheese should never be a dead white, +like Gehazi the leper. (2) Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be +too salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, because a cheese should not be +full of eyes, like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a cheese should +not be "hoven and puffed," like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin, +because a cheese should not be leathery, as if for a cobbler's use. +(6) Lazarus, because a cheese should not be poor, like the beggar +Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a cheese should not be hairy, like Esau. +(8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese should not be full of whey, as Mary +Maudlin was full of tears. (9) Gentiles, because a cheese should not +be full of maggots or gentils. (10) Bishops, because a cheese should +not be made of burnt milk, or milk "banned by a bishop."--T. Tusser, +_Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, ("April," 1557). + +CITIZEN _(The)_, a farce by Arthur Murphy. George Philpot is destined +to be the husband of Maria Wilding, but as Maria Wilding is in love +with Beaufort, she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that he refuses +to marry her, whereupon she gives her hand to Beaufort (1757). + +CITY MADAM _(The)_, a comedy by Philip Massinger (1633). She was the +daughter of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and married a merchant, Sir +John Frugal, who became immensely wealthy, but retired from business, +and by a deed of gift transferred his wealth to his brother Luke, +whereby madam and her daughter were both dependent on him. During her +days of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal was unbounded, and her +dress costly beyond conception; but Luke reduced her state to that of +farmers' daughters in general. Luke says to her: + + You were served in plate; + Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going + To church, not for devotion, but to show + Your pomp. + +_The City Madam_ is an extraordinarily spirited picture of actual +life, idealized into a semi-comic strain of poetry.--Professor +Spaulding. + +CLADPOLE _(Tim)_, Richard Lower, of Chiddingly, author of _Tom +Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun_ (1831); _Jan Cladpole's Trip to +'Merricur_ (1844), etc. + +CLAIMANT _(The)._ William Knollys, in in _The Great Banbury Case_, +claimed the baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit lasted 150 years +(1660-1811). + +Douglas _v_. Hamilton, in _The Great Douglas Case_, was settled in +favor of the claimant, who was at once raised to the peerage under +the name and title of Baron Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not +restored to the title of duke (1767-1769). + +Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, who had married a servant of +Sir Hugh Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, claimed the baronetcy +and estates, but was non-suited and condemned to imprisonment for +twenty-one years (1853). + +Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea). +He was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for +perjury (1871-1872). + +CLAIRE TWINING, daughter of a refined man, the scion of an old English +family and a vulgar woman who marries him to escape from poverty. +After his death, the daughter begins her career of rising in the +social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow as the first step, a +well-born husband as the last. The emptiness and vanity of what she +gained are well set forth in _An Ambitious Woman_, by Edgar Fawcett. +(1883). + +CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE _(The)._ Fanny Sterling, the younger daughter of +Mr. Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandestinely married to Mr. +Lovewell, an apprentice in the house, of good family; and Sir John +Melvil is engaged to Miss Sterling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is +a guest in the merchant's house. Sir John prefers Fanny to her elder +sister, and, not knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, but is +rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop, +fancies she is in love with him, and tells Sterling he means to make +her a countess. Matters being thus involved, Lovewell goes to consult +with Fanny about declaring their marriage, and the sister, convinced +that Sir John is shut up in her sister's room, rouses the house with +a cry of "Thieves!" Fanny and Lovewell now make their appearance. All +parties are scandalized. But Fanny declares they have been married +four months, and Lord Ogleby takes their part. So all ends well.--G. +Colman and D. Garrick (1766). + +This comedy is a _réchauffé_ of _The False Concord_, by Rev. James +Townley, many of the characters and much of the dialogue being +preserved. + +CLA'RA, in Otway's comedy called _The Cheats of Scapin_, an English +version of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Molière, represents the +French character called "Hyacinthe." Her father is called by Otway +"Gripe," and by Molière "Géronte" (2 _syl_.); her brother is +"Leander," in French "Leandre;" and her sweetheart "Octavian" son of +"Thrifty," in French "Octave" son of "Argante." The sum of money wrung +from Gripe is £200, but that squeezed out of Géronte is 1,500 livres. + +CLARA [D'ALMANZA], daughter of Don Guzman of Seville, beloved by +Don Ferdinand, but destined by her mother for a cloister. She loves +Ferdinand, but repulses him from shyness and modesty, quits home and +takes refuge in St. Catherine's Convent. Ferdinand discovers +her retreat, and after a few necessary blunders they are +married.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_ (1773). + +_Clara (Donna)_, the troth-plight wife of Octavio. Her affianced +husband, having killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to lie _perdu_ +for a time, and Clara, assuming her brother's clothes and name, went +in search of him. Both came to Salamanca, both set up at the Eagle, +both hired the same servant, Lazarillo, and ere long they met, +recognized each other, and became man and wife.--Jephson, _Two Strings +to your Bow_ (1792). + +_Clara_ [DOUGLAS], a lovely girl of artless mind, feeling heart, great +modesty, and well accomplished. She loved Alfred Evelyn, but refused +to marry him because they were both too poor to support a house. +Evelyn was left an immense fortune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey, +but Georgina gave her hand to Sir Frederick Blount. Being thus +disentangled, Evelyn again proposed to Clara, and was joyfully +accepted.--Lord L. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840). + +CLARCHEN _[Kler'.kn]_, a female character in Goethe's _Egmont_, noted +for her constancy and devotion. + +CLARE _(Ada)_, cousin of Richard Carstone, both of whom are orphans +and wards in Chancery. They marry each other, but Richard dies young, +blighted by the law's delays in the great Chancery suit of "Jarndyce +_v_. Jarndyce."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +CLARENCE _(George Duke of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Anne of +Geierstein_ (time Edward IV.). + +CLARENCE AND THE MALMSEY BUTT. According to tradition, George, Duke of +Clarence, having joined Warwick to replace Henry VI. on the throne, +was put to death, and the choice being offered him, was drowned in a +butt of malmsey wine (1478). + +CLARENDON _(The Earl of_), Lord Chancellor to Charles II. Introduced +by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). + +CLARIBEL _(Sir)_, surnamed "The Lewd." One of the six knights who +contended for the false Florimel.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 +(1593). + +_Clar'ibel_, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular +songs (from 1865 to). + +CLAR'ICE (3 _syl_.), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of Bordeaux. +Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc. + +CLARIN OR CLARIN'DA, the confidential maid of Radigund, queen of the +Am'azons. When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into her power, and made +him change his armor for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she +fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair +promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but +fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that Sir +Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn.--Spenser, +_Faery Queen_, v. 5 (1596). + +CLARINDA, the heroine of Mrs. Centlivre's drama _The Beau's Duel_ +(1703). + +[Illustration] "Estifania," in _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_, by +Beaumont and Fletcher. + +_Clarin'da_, a merry, good-humored, high-spirited lady, in love with +Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin.--Dr. Hoadly, _The +Suspicious Husband_ (1747). + +_Clarinda_ of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833. + +CLARION, the son and heir of Muscarol. He was the fairest and most +prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of Arachnê (the +spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and +set himself to destroy him; so, weaving a most curious net, Clarion +was soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him +under the left wing.--Spenser _Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate_ +(1590). + +CLARIS'SA, wife of Gripe the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine +city lady, who thinks "a woman must be of mechanic mold who is either +troubled or pleased with anything her husband can do" (act i. 3). She +has "wit and beauty, with a fool to her husband," but though "fool," a +hard, grasping, mean old hunks. + +_Claris'sa_, sister of Beverley, plighted to George Bellmont.--A. +Murphy, _All in the Wrong_, (1761). + +CLARISSA HARLOWE. (See HARLOWE.) + +CLARK _(The Rev T.)_., the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist (1779 +1839). + +CLARKE _(The Rev. C. C.)_, one of the many pseudonyms of Sir Richard +Phillips, author of _The Hundred Wonders of the World_ (1818), +_Readings in Natural Philosophy_. + +CLARSIE, the mountain maid who, going out at dawn to "try her +fortune," discovers the "Harnt" that walks Chilhowee.--Charles Egbert +Craddock (Mary Noailles Murfree), _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1884). + +CLA'THO, the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's +youngest son. + +CLAUDE _(The English_), Richard Wilson (1714-1782). + +CLAU'DINE (2 _syl_.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour, and +old nurse of Julio "the deaf and dumb" count. She recognizes the lad, +who had been rescued by De l'Epée from the streets of Paris, and +brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian +Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of +getting rid of him; but being proved to be the count, he is restored +to his rank and property.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785). + +CLAUDIO _(Lord)_ of Florence, a friend of Don Pedro, Prince of +Arragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, governor of +Messina)--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600). + +_Claudio_, condemned to die for betraying his mistress Juliet, tries +to buy his life at the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor, +shamefully pursued by Angelo, the Duke's deputy.--Shakespeare, +_Measure for Measure_. + +CLAU'DIUS, King of Denmark, who poisoned his brother, married the +widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius induced Laertes to challenge +Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In +the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the +poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet, +Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to +give Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of +this cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him +and cried aloud, "Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane.... Follow my +mother!"--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596). [Illustration] In the _History +of Hamblet_, Claudius is called "Fengon," a far better name for a +Dane. + +_Claudius_, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping +Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been +stolen from him and sold to Virginius.--J. S. Knowles, _Virginius_ +(1820). + +_Claudius (Mathias)_, a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of +the famous song called _Rheinweinlied_ ("Rhenish wine song"), sung at +all convivial feasts of the Germans. + + Claudius, though he sang of flagons, + And huge tankards filled with Rhenish, + From the fiery blood of dragons + Never would his own replenish. + Longfellow, _Drinking Song_. + +CLAUS _(Peter)._ (See under K.) + +_Claus (Santa)_, a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of +children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed +away in their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little +credulous ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there. + +St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with +marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother, +and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the +gift-giver on Christmas Eve.--Yonge. + +"CLAVERHOUSE," or the Marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood, +introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William +III.). + +_Claver'house_ (3 _syl_.), John Graham of Claverhouse (Viscount +Dundee), a relentless Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent +in temper and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name. +He hunted the Covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is a by-word +for barbarity and cruelty (1650-1689). + +CLAVIJO _(Don)_, a cavalier who "could touch the guitar to admiration, +write poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine genius for making +bird-cages." He married the Princess Antonomesia of Candaya, and was +metamorphosed by Malambruno into a crocodile of some unknown metal. +Don Quixote disenchanted him "by simply attempting the adventure."-- +Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615). + +CLAVILEN'O, the wooden horse on which Don Quixote got astride in order +to disenchant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the Countess +Trifaldi (called the "Dolori'da Dueña"). It was "the very horse +on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalone, and was +constructed by Merlin." This horse was called Clavileno or wooden Peg, +because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead.--Cervantes, +_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615). + +There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse; he neither eats, +drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing.... His name is not Pegasus, nor +Bucephalus; nor is it Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando +Furioso; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de +Montalbon; nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun; but his +name is Clavileno the Winged.--Chap. 4. + +CLAYPOLE _(Noah), alias_ "Morris Bolter," an ill-conditioned +charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop and +receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he +afterwards marries.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +CLAY AND RANDOLPH. In his _Thirty Years' View_, Thomas Hart Benton +gives a graphic description of the famous duel between Henry Clay and +John Randolph, of Roanoke (April 8, 1826). + +After two shots had been exchanged without injury to either, the two +statesmen shook hands, Randolph remarking: "You owe me a coat, Mr. +Clay," a bullet having passed through his; and Mr. Clay answered: "I +am glad the debt is no greater!" (1854). + +CLEANTE (2 _syl_.), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished +for his genuine piety, and is both high-minded and +compassionate.--Molière, _La Tartuffe_ (1664). + +_Cléante_ (2 _Syl._), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane +(3 _syl_.). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same +young lady, but Cléante solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a casket +of gold from the garden, hidden under a tree by the miser, and while +Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cléante told him +he might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser +preferred the casket, which was restored to him, and Cléante married +Mariane.--Molière, _L'Avar_ (1667). + +_Cléante_ (2 _syl_.), the lover of Angelique, daughter of Argan the +_malade imaginaire_. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to +Thomas Diafoirus, a young surgeon, Cléante carries on his love as a +music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each +other their plans under the guise of an interlude called "Tircis and +Philis." Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter +with Cléante.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673). + +CLEAN'THE (2 _syl_.), sister of Siphax of Paphos.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617). + +_Cleanthe_ (3 _syl_.), the lady beloved by Ion.--Talfourd, _Ion_ +(1835). + +CLEAN'THES (3 _syl_.), son of Leon'idês and husband of Hippolita, +noted for his filial piety. The Duke of Epire made a law that all +men who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as useless +incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonidês, a young libertine, +admired the law, but Cleanthês looked on it with horror, and +determined to save his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave +out that his father was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place; +but Cleanthês retired to a wood, where he concealed Leon'idês, while +he and his wife waited on him and administered to his wants.--_The +Old Law_ (a comedy of Philip Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley, +1620). + +CLEGG _(Holdfast)_, a Puritan mill-wright.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of +the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +CLEISH'BOTHAM _(Jededi'ah)_, schoolmaster and parish clerk of +Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit +the tales told by the landlord of the Wallace Inn of the same parish. +These tales the editor disposed in three series, called by the general +title of _The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.)._ (See introduction to +_The Black Dwarf_.) Of course the real author is Sir Walter Scott +(1771-1832). + +_Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham_, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect +Xantippê, and a "sworn sister of the Eumen'idês." + +CLE'LIA OR CLOE'LIA, a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to +Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming +across the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set +her at liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her +a part of the hostages. Mdlle. Scudéri has a novel on the subject, +entitled _Clélie, Histoire Romaine_. + + Our statues--not those that men desire-- + Sleek odalisques _[Turkish slaves_] ... but + The Carian Artemisia ... _[See Artemisia_.] + Clelia, Cornelia ... and the Roman brows + Of Agrippina. + + Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii. + +_Cle'lia_, a vain, frivolous female butterfly, with a smattering of +everything. In youth she was a coquette; and when youth was passed, +tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success.--Crabbe, +_Borough_ (1810). + +CLELIE (2 _syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle. Scudéri. +(See CLELIA.) + +CLEMENT, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a +follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Clem'ent (Justice)_, a man quite able to discern between fun and +crime. Although he had the weakness "of justices' justice." he had not +the weakness of ignorant vulgarity. + +_Knowell_. They say he will commit a man for taking the wall of his +horse. + +_Wellbred_. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving +God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humor.--B. +Jonson, _Every Man in His Humor_, iii. 2 (1598). + +CLEMENTI'NA _(The Lady_), an amiable, delicate, beautiful, +accomplished, but unfortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir Charles +Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Byron.--S. Richardson, _The +History of Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753). + +Cle'ofas (_Don_), the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled _Le Diable +Boiteux_ (_The Devil on Two Sticks_). A fiery young Spaniard, proud, +high-spirited and revengeful; noted for gallantry but not without +generous sentiment. Asmode'us (4 _syl_.) shows him what is going on in +private families by unroofing the houses (1707). + +CLEOM'BROTUS or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia, (in Epirus). Having read +Plato's book on the soul's immortality and happiness in another life, +he was so ravished with the description that he leaped into the sea +that he might die and enjoy Plato's elysium. + + He who to enjoy + Plato's elysium leaped into the sea, + Cleombrotus. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 471, etc. (1665). + +CLEOM'ENES (4 _syl_.), the hero and title of a drama by Dryden (1692). +As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to him: +"If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have spent +my time like your Spartan hero." "Perhaps not," said the poet, "but +you are not my hero."--W. C. Russell, _Representative Actors_. + +_Cleom'enes_ (4 _syl_.). "The Venus of Cleomenês" is now called "The +Venus de Medici." Such a mere moist lump was once ... "the Venus of +Cleomenês."--Ouida, _Ariadné_, i. 8. + +CLE'ON, governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia +by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na, +daughter of Per'iclês, Prince of Tyre.--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince +of Tyre_ (1608). + +_Cle'on_, the personification of Glory.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_. + +CLEOP'ATRA, Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother. +She was driven from her throne, but re-established by Julius Cæsar, +B.C. 47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to +live with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of +Actium, Cleopatra killed herself by an asp. + +E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called _Cléopâtre Captive_ +(1550); Jean Mairet one called _Cléopâtre_ (1630); Isaac de Benserade +(1670); J. F. Marmontel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote +tragedies in French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a +tragedy in English called _Cleopatra_; Shakespeare one called _Antony +and Cleopatra_ (1608); and Dryden one on the same subject, called _All +for Love_ or _the World Well Lost_ (1682). + +[Illustration] Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg (Margaret) Woffington +(1718-1760) were unrivalled in this character. + +_Cleopatra and the Pearl_. The tale is that Cleopatra made a sumptuous +banquet, which excited the surprise of Antony; whereupon the queen +took a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid and drank the +liquor to the health of the triumvir, saying: "My draught to Antony +shall exceed in value the whole banquet." + +[Illustration] When Queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, Sir Thomas +Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious +stone crushed to atoms, and worth £15,000. + +Here £15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar; Gresham drinks the +pearl Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it; love it!--Th. Heywood, +_If You Know not Me. You Know Nobody_. + +_Cleopatra in Hades_. Cleopatra, says Rabelais, is "a crier of onions" +in the shades below. The Latin for a pearl and onion is _unio_, and +the pun refers to Cleopatra giving her _pearl_ (or _onion_) to Antony +in a draught of wine, or, as some say, drinking it herself in toasting +her lover.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 30 (1553). + +_Cleopat'ra_, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of +Egypt. She first married Alexander Bala, the usurper (B.C. 149); next +Deme'trius Nica'nor. Demetrius, being taken prisoner by the Parthians, +married Rodogune (3 _syl_.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 _syl_.) the +Parthian king, and Cleopatra married Antiochus Sidetês, brother of +Demetrius. She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) for treason, and +as this produced a revolt, abdicated in favor of her second son, +Anti'ochus VIII., who compelled her to drink poison which she had +prepared for himself. P. Corneille has made this the subject of his +tragedy called _Rodogune_ (1646). + +[Illustration] This is not the Cleopatra of Shakespeare's and Dryden's +tragedies. + +_Cleopatra_. In his _Graffiti d'Italia_, William Wetmore Story gives a +passionate soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, beginning:-- + + "Here, Charmian, take my bracelets; + They bar with a purple stain + My arms." + + (1868). + +CLERE'MONT (2 _syl_.), a merry gentleman, the friend of +Dinant'.--"Beaumont and Fletcher" _The Little French Lawyer_ (1547). + +CLER'IMOND, niece of the Green Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the giant, +and bride of Valentine the brave.--_Valentine and Orson_. + +CLERKS _(St. Nicholas's)_, thieves, also called "St. Nicholas's +Clergymen," in allusion to the tradition of "St. Nicholas and the +thieves." Probably a play on the words _Nich-olas_ and _Old Nick_ may +be designed.--See Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_. act ii. sc. 1 (1597). + +CLESS'AMMOR, son of Thaddu and brother of Morna (Fingal's mother). He +married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir (the principal man of Balclutha, +on the Clyde). It so happened that Moina was beloved by a Briton named +Reuda, who came with an army to carry her off. Reuda was slain by +Clessammor; but Clessammor, being closely pressed by the Britons, +fled, and never again saw his bride. In due time a son was born, +called Carthon; but the mother died. While Carthon was still an +infant, Fingal's father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reuthama +(Carthon's grandfather). While the boy grew to manhood, he determined +on vengeance; accordingly he invaded Morven, the kingdom of Fingal, +where Clessammor, not knowing who he was, engaged him in single +combat, and slew him. When he discovered that it was his son, +three days he mourned for him, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian, +_Carthon_. + +CLEVE'LAND _(Barbara Villiers, Duchess of)_, one of the mistresses of +Charles II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_. + +_Cleve'land_ (Captain Clement), alias Vaughan [_Vawn_], "the pirate," +son of Norna of the Fitful Head. He is in love with Minna Troil +(daughter of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland).--Sir W. Scott, +_The Pirate_ (time, William III). + +CLEVER, the man-servant of Hero Sutton, "the city maiden." When Hero +assumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called himself Obadiah, and +pretended to be a rigid quaker also. His constant exclamation was +"Umph! "--S. Knowles, _Woman's Wit, etc_. (1838). + +Clifford _(Sir Thomas_), betrothed to Julia (daughter of Master Walter +"the hunchback"). He is wise, honest, truthful, and well-favored, +kind, valiant, and prudent.--S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831). + +_Clifford, (Mr.)_, the heir of Sir William Charlton in right of his +mother, and in love with Lady Emily Gayville. The scrivener Alscrip +had fraudulently got possession of the deeds of the Charlton estates, +which he had given to his daughter called "the heiress," and which +amounted to £2000 a year; but Rightly, the lawyer, discovered the +fraud, and "the heiress" was compelled to relinquish this part of +her fortune. Clifford then proposed to Lady Emily, and was +accepted.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_. (1781). + +_Clifford (Paul)_, a highwayman, reformed by the power of love.--Lord +Lytton, _Paul Clifford_ (1830). + +_Clifford (Rosamond)_, usually called "The Fair Rosamond," the +favorite mistress of Henry II.; daughter of Walter Lord Clifford. She +is introduced by Tennyson in his tragedy _Becket_. Miss Terry acted +the part. Dryden says: + + _Jane_ Clifford was her name, as books aver, + "Fair Rosamond" was but her _nom de guerre. + +Epilogue to Henry II_. + +_Clifford (Henry Lord_), a general in the English army.--Sir W. Scott, +_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +CLIFTON (_Harry_), lieutenant of H.M. ship _Tiger_. A daring, dashing, +care-for-nobody young English sailor, delighting in adventure, and +loving a good scrape. He and his companion Mat Mizen take the side of +El Hyder, and help to re-establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi, who +had been dethroned by Hamlet Abdulerim.--Barrymore, _El Hyder, Chief +of the Ghaut Mountains_. + +CLIM OF THE CLOUGH. (See CLYM). + +CLINK (_Jem_), the turnkey at Newgate.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the +Peak_ (time, Charles II). + +CLINKER (_Humphry_), a poor work-house lad, put out by the parish as +apprentice to a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as an ostler's +assistant and extra postilion. Being dismissed from the stables, he +enters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, grumpy, but kind-hearted +and generous old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. Here he falls +in love with Winifred Jenkins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and turns +out to be a natural son of Mr. Bramble.--T. Smollett, _The Expedition +of Humphry Clinker_ (1771.) + +CLIP'PURSE (_Lawyer_), the lawyer employed by Sir Everard Waverley to +make his will.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +CLIQUOT (_Klee'ko_), a nickname given by _Punch_ to Frederick William +IV. of Prussia, from his love of champagne of the "Cliquot brand" +(1795, 1840-1861). + +CLITANDRE, a wealthy bourgeois, in love with Henriette, "the thorough +woman," by whom he is beloved with fervent affection. Her elder +sister, Armande (2 _syl_.), also loves him, but her love is of the +platonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife the warmth of woman's +love to the marble of philosophic ideality.--Molière, _Les Femmes +Savantes_ (1672). + +CLOACI'NA, the presiding personification of city sewers. (Latin, +_cloaca_, "a sewer.") + + ...Cloacina, goddess of the tide, + Whose sable streams beneath the city glide. + + Gay, _Trivia_, ii. (1712). + +CLOD'DIPOLE (3 _syl_.), "the wisest lout of all the neighboring +plain." Appointed to decide the contention between Cuddy and Lobbin +Clout. + + From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies, + To know when hail will fall, or winds arise; + He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view, + When struck aloft that showers would straight ensue. + He first that useful secret did explain, + That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain; + When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air, + He told us that the welkin would be clear. + + Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714). + +(Cloddipole is the "Palaemon" of Virgil's _Ecl._ iii.). + +CLO'DIO _(Count)_, governor. A dishonorable pursuer of Zeno'cia, the +chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The +Custom of the Country_ (1647). + +_Clodio_, the younger son of Don Antonio, a coxcomb and braggart. +Always boasting of his great acquaintances, his conquests, and +his duels. His snuff-box he thinks more of than his lady-love, he +interlards his speech with French, and exclaims "Split me!" by way of +oath. Clodio was to have married Angelina, but the lady preferred +his elder brother, Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio engaged himself to +Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_ (1694). + +CLO'E, in love with the shepherd, Thenot, but Thenot rejects her suit +out of admiration of the constancy of Clorinda for her dead lover. She +is wanton, coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of Clorinda, who is +a virtuous, chaste, and faithful shepherdess. ("Thenot," the final _t_ +is sounded.)--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610). (See +CHLOE). + +CLO'RA, sister of Fabrit'io, the merry soldier, and the sprightly +companion of Frances (sister to Frederick).--Beaumont and Fletcher, +_The Captain_ (1613). + +CLORIDA'NO, a humble Moorish youth, who joined Medo'ro in seeking the +body of King Dardinello to bury it. Medoro being wounded, Cloridano +rushed madly into the ranks of the enemy and was slain.--Ariosto, +_Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +CLORIN'DA, daughter of Sena'pus of Ethiopia (a Christian). Being born +white, her mother changed her for a black child. The Eunuch Arse'tes +(3 _syl_.) was entrusted with the infant Clorinda, and as he was going +through a forest, saw a tiger, dropped the child, and sought safety in +a tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled it, after which the +eunuch carried the child to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by the +Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in +love with her, but slew her unknowingly in a night attack. Before she +expired she received Christian baptism at the hands of Tancred, who +greatly mourned her death.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xii. (1675). + +(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from the _Theag'anês and +Charicle'a_ of Heliodorus Bishop of Trikka). + +_Clorinda_, "the faithful shepherdess" called "The Virgin of the +Grove," faithful to her buried love. From this beautiful character +Milton has drawn his "lady" in _Comus_. Compare the words of the +"First Brother" about chastity, in Milton's _Comus_, with these lines +of Clorinda: + + Yet I have heard (my mother told it me), + And now I do believe it, if I keep + My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair, + No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend, + Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves + Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion + Draw me to wander after idle fires, + Or voices calling me in dead of night + To make me follow and so tole me on + Through mire and standing-pools, to find my ruin. + ...Sure there's a power + In the great name of Virgin that binds fast + All rude, uncivil bloods.... Then strong Chastity, + Be thou my strongest guard. + +--J. Fletcher,--_The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610). + +CLORIS, the damsel beloved by Prince Prettyman.--Duke of Buckingham, +_The Rehearsal_ (1671). + +CLOTAIRE (2 _syl_). The King of France exclaimed on his death-bed: +"Oh, how great must be the King of Heaven, if He can kill so mighty a +monarch as I am!"--_Gregory of Tours_, iv. 21. + +CLOTEN or CLOTON, King of Cornwall, one of the five kings of Britain +after the extinction of the line of Brute (1 _syl_.).--Geoffrey, +_British History_, ii. 17 (1142). + +_Cloten_, a vindictive lout, son of the second wife of Cymbeline by a +former husband. He is noted for "his unmeaning frown, his shuffling +gait, his burst of voice, his bustling insignificance, his +fever-and-ague fits of valor, his froward tetchiness, his unprincipled +malice, and occasional gleams of good sense." Cloten is the rejected +lover of Imogen (the daughter of his father-in-law by his first wife), +and is slain in a duel by Guiderius.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605). + +CLOTHA'RIUS or CLOTHAIRE, leader of the Franks after the death of +Hugo. He is shot with an arrow by Clorinda.--Tasso, _Jerusalem +Delivered_, xi. (1675). + +_Cloud (St.)_, patron saint of nail-smiths. A play on the French word +_clou_ ("a nail"). + +CLOUDES'LEY _(William of_), a famous north-country archer, the +companion of Adam Bell and Clym of the Clough. Their feats of robbery +were chiefly carried on in Englewood Forest, near Carlisle. William +was taken prisoner at Carlisle, and was about to be hanged, but was +rescued by his two companions. The three then went to London to ask +pardon of the King, which at the Queen's intercession was granted. The +King begged to see specimens of their skill in archery, and was so +delighted therewith, that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the +other two "yemen of his chambre." The feat of William was very similar +to that of William Tell _(q.v.)._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 1. + +CLOUT _(Colin)_, a shepherd loved by Marian "the parson's maid," +but for whom Colin (who loved Cicily) felt no affection. (See COLIN +CLOUT). + + Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed, + Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed; + In every wood his carols sweet were known, + At every wake his nimble feats were shown. + +Gay, _Pastoral_, ii. (1714). + +_Clout (Loblin)_, a shepherd in love with Blouzelinda. He challenged +Cuddy to a contest of song in praise of their respective sweethearts, +and Cloddipole was appointed umpire. Cloddipole was unable to award +the prize, for each merited "an oaken staff for his pains." "Have +done, however, for the herds are weary of the song, and so am +I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714). + +CLOYSE _(Goody)._ A pious and exemplary dame, especially well-versed +in the catechism, who, in Goodman Brown's fantasy of the witches' +revel in the forest, joins him on his way thither, and croaks over +the loss of her broomstick, which was "all anointed with the juice of +small-age and cinquefoil and wolf's bane--" "Mingled with fine wheat +and the fat of a new-born babe," says another shape.--Nathaniel +Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854). + +CLUB-BEARER _(The)_, Periphe'tes, the robber of Ar'golis, who murdered +his victims with an iron club.--_Greek Fable_. + +CLUMSEY _(Sir Tunbelly_), father of Miss Hoyden. A mean, ill-mannered +squire and justice of the peace, living near Scarborough. Most +cringing to the aristocracy, whom he toadies and courts. Sir Tunbelly +promises to give his daughter in marriage to Lord Foppington, but +Tom Fashion, his lordship's younger brother, pretends to be Lord +Foppington, gains admission to the family and marries her. When the +real Lord Foppington arrives he is treated as an imposter, but Tom +confesses the ruse. His lordship treats the knight with such ineffable +contempt, that Sir Tunbelly's temper is aroused, and Tom is received +into high favor.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777). + +[Illustration] This character appears in Vanbrugh's _Relapse_, +of which comedy the _Trip to Scarborough_ is an abridgment and +adaptation. + +CLU'RICAUNE (3 _syl_.), an Irish elf of evil disposition, especially +noted for his knowledge of hidden treasure. He generally assumes the +appearance of a wrinkled old man. + +CLUTTERBUCK (_Captain_), the hypothetical editor of some of Sir Walter +Scott's novels, as _The Monastery_ and _The Fortunes of Nigel_. +Captain Clutterbuck is a retired officer, who employs himself in +antiquarian researches and literary idleness. _The Abbot_ is dedicated +by the "author of _Waverley_" to "Captain Clutterbuck," late of his +majesty's--infantry regiment. + +CLYM OF THE CLOUGH ("_Clement of the Cliff_"), noted outlaw, +associated with Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in Englewood +Forest, near Carlisle. When William was taken prisoner at Carlisle, +and was about to be hanged, Adam and Clym shot the magistrates, and +rescued their companion. The mayor with his _posse_ went out against +them, but they shot the mayor, as they had done the sheriff, and +fought their way out of the town. They then hastened to London to +beg pardon of the king, which was granted them at the queen's +intercession. The king, wishing to see a specimen of their shooting, +was so delighted at their skill that he made William a "gentleman of +fe," and the other two "yemen of his chambre."--Percy, _Reliques_ +("Adam Bell," etc., I. ii. 1). + +CLY'TIE, a water-nymph in love with Apollo. Meeting with no return, +she was changed into a sunflower, or rather a _tournesol_, which still +turns to the sun, following him through his daily course. + +The sunflower does not turn to the sun. On the same stem may be seen +flowers in every direction, and not one of them shifts the direction +in which it has first opened. T. Moore (1814) says: + + The sunflower turns on her god when he sets, + The same look which she turned when he rose. + +This may do in poetry, but it is not correct. The sunflower is so +called simply because the flower resembles a pictured sun. + +Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom Moore's error, and enlarged it: + + Behold, my dear, this lofty flower, + That now the golden sun receives; + No other deity has power, + But only Phoebus, on her leaves; + As he in radiant glory burns, + From east to west her visage turns. + +_The Sunflower_. + +CLYTUS, an old officer in the army of Philip of Macedon, and +subsequently in that of Alexander. At a banquet, when both were heated +with wine, Clytus said to Alexander, "Philip fought men, but Alexander +women," and after some other insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed +the old soldier; but instantly repented and said: + + What has my vengeance done? + Who is it thou hast slain? Clytus? What was he + The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor, + The bravest soldier. He who saved my life + Fighting bare-headed at the river Granic. + For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine, + The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain,-- + Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver! + +N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. 2 (1678). + +CNE'US, the Roman officer in command of the guard set to watch the +tomb of Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the body, and then +declare that it had risen from the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, +xiii. (1771). CO'AN (_The_), Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine" +(B.C. 460-357). + + ... the great Coan, him whom Nature made + To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [_man_]. + +Dantê, _Purgatory_, xxix. (1308). + +CO'ANOCOT'ZIN (_5 syl_.), King of the Az'tecas. Slain in battle by +Madoc.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805). + +CO'ATEL, daughter of Acul'hua, a priest of the Az'tecas, and wife +of Lincoya. Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled for refuge to +Madoc, the Welsh Prince, who had recently landed on the North American +coast, and was kindly treated by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic +interest in the White strangers, and she was not backward in showing +it. Then, when young Hoel was kidnapped, and confined in a cavern to +starve to death, Coatel visited him and took him food. Again, when +Prince Madoc was entrapped, she contrived to release him, and assisted +the prince to carry off young Hoel. After the defeat of the Az'tecas +by the White strangers, the chief priest declared that some one had +proved a traitor, and resolved to discover who it was by handing round +a cup, which he said would be harmless to the innocent, but death to +the guilty. When it was handed to Coatel, she was so frightened that +she dropped down dead. Her father stabbed himself, and "fell upon his +child," and when Lincoya heard thereof, he flung himself down from a +steep precipice on to the rocks below.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805). + +COBB (_Ephraim_), in Cromwell's troop.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ +(time, Commonwealth). + +COBBLER-POET (_The_), Hans Sachs, of Nuremberg. (See TWELVE WISE +MASTERS). + +COBHAM (_Eleanor_), wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and aunt of +King Henry VI., compelled to do penance barefoot in a sheet in +London, and after that to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, for +"sorcery." In _2 Henry VI_., Shakespeare makes Queen Margaret "box +her ears," but this could not be, as Eleanor was banished three years +before Margaret came to England. + + Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Gloster's wife ... + You, madam ... despoiled of your honor ... + Shall, after three days' open penance done, + Live in your country, here in banishment, + With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man. + +Shakespeare, _2 Henry VI_. act ii. sc. 3 (1591). + +COCK OF WESTMINSTER (_The_). Castell, a shoemaker, was so called +from his very early hours. He was one of the benefactors of Christ's +Hospital (London). + +COCKER (_Edward_), published a useful treatise on arithmetic, in the +reign of Charles II., which had a prodigious success, and has given +rise to the proverb, "According to Cocker" (1632-1675). + +COCKLE (_Sir John_), the miller of Mansfield, and keeper of Sherwood +Forest. Hearing a gun fired one night, he went into the forest, +expecting to find poachers, and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who had +been hunting and had got separated from his courtiers. When the miller +discovered that his captor was not a poacher, he offered him a night's +lodging. Next day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's house by +under-keepers, to be examined as poachers, and it was then discovered +that the miller's guest was the king. The "merry monarch" knighted the +miller, and settled on him 1000 marks a year.--R. Dodsley, _The King +and the Miller of Mansfield_ (1737). + +Cockney (_Nicholas_), a rich city grocer, brother of Barnacle. +Priscilla Tomboy, of the West Indies, is placed under his charge for +her education. + +_Walter Cockney_, son of the grocer, in the shop. A conceited young +prig, not yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes boy-love to +Priscilla Tomboy and Miss La Blond; but says he will "tell papa" if +they cross him. + +_Penelope Cockney_, sister of Walter.--_The Romp_ (altered from +Bickerstaff's _Love in the City_). + +Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a model wife. Coelebs is the hero +of a novel, by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled _Coelebs in Search of a +Wife_ (1809). + + In short, she was a walking calculation, + Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their covers, + Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education. + Or "Coelebs' wife" set out in quest of lovers. + Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 16 (1819). + +COEUR DE LION, Surname of Richard of England (1157-1199.) Also +conferred upon Louis VIII. of France. + +COFFIN (_Long Tom_), the best sailor character ever drawn. He is +introduced in _The Pilot_, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. Cooper's +novel has been dramatized by E. Fitzball, under the same name, and +Long Tom Coffin preserves in the burletta his reckless daring, his +unswerving fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and his love for the +sea. + +COGIA HOUSSAIN, the captain of forty thieves, outwitted by Morgiana, +the slave. When, in the guise of a merchant, he was entertained by +Ali Baba, and refused to eat any salt, the suspicions of Morgiana was +aroused, and she soon detected him to be the captain of the forty +thieves. After supper she amused her master and his guest with +dancing; then playing with Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it +suddenly into his heart and killed him.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba +or the Forty Thieves"). + +COL'AX. Flattery personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by Phineas +Fletcher. Colax "all his words with sugar spices ... lets his tongue +to sin, and takes rent of shame ... His art [_was_] to hide and not +to heal a sore." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _kolax_, "a +flatterer or fawner.") + +COLBRAND or COLEBROND (_2 syl_.), the Danish giant, slain in the +presence of King Athelstan, by Sir Guy of Warwick, just returned +from a pilgrimage, still "in homely russet clad," and in his hand a +"hermit's staff." The combat is described at length by Drayton, in his +_Polyolbion_, xii. + + One could scarcely bear his axe ... + Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted with steel, + And armed down along with pikes, whose hardened points + ... had power to tear the joints + Of cuirass or of mail. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613). + +COLDSTREAM (_Sir Charles_), the chief character in Charles Mathew's +play called _Used up_. He is wholly _ennuyé_, sees nothing to admire +in anything; but is a living personification of mental inanity and +physical imbecility. + +COLE (_1 syl._), a legendary British king, described as "a merry old +soul," fond of his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his "fiddlers +three." There were two kings so called--Cole (or Coïl I.) was the +predecessor of Porrex; but Coïl II. was succeeded by Lucius, "the +first British king who embraced the Christian religion." Which of +these two mythical kings the song refers to is not evident. + +_Cole (Mrs.)_. This character is designed for Mother Douglas, who kept +a "gentlemen's magazine of frail beauties" in a superbly furnished +house at the north-east corner of Covent Garden. She died 1761.--S. +Foote, _The Minor_ (1760). + +COLEIN (_2 syl._), the great dragon slain by Sir Bevis of +Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612). + +COLEMI'RA (_3 syl._), a poetical name for a cook. The word is +compounded of _coal_ and _mire_. + + "Could I," he cried "express how bright a grace + Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face, + Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore, + And yield me love, or wash thy face no more." + + Shenstone, _Colemira_ (an eclogue). + +COLE'PEPPER (_Captain_) or CAPTAIN PEPPERCULL, the Alsatian +bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.). + +COLIN, or in Scotch CAILEN, _Green Colin_, the laird of Dunstaffnage, +so called from the green colour which prevailed in his tartan. + +COLIN AND ROSALINDE. In _The Shephearde's Calendar_ (1579), by Edm. +Spenser, Rosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by Colin Clout, as her +choice was already fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Rosalinde is an +anagram of "Rose Danil," a lady beloved by Spenser (_Colin Clout_), +but Rose Danil had already fixed her affections on John Florio the +Resolute, whom she subsequently married. + + And I to thee will be as kind + As Colin was to Rosalinde, + Of courtesie the flower. + + M. Drayton, _Dowsabel_ (1593) + +COLIN CLOUT, the pastoral name assumed by the poet Spenser, in _The +Shephearde's Calendar, The Ruins of Time, Daphnaida_, and in the +pastoral poem called _Colin Clout's come home again_ (from his visit +to Sir Walter Raleigh). Ecl. i. and xii. are soliloquies of Colin, +being lamentations that Rosalinde will not return his love. Ecl. vi. +is a dialogue between Hobbinol and Colin, in which the former tries to +comfort the disappointed lover. Ecl. xi. is a dialogue between Thenot +and Colin, Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay; but Colin pleads +grief for the death of the sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody on +the great sheperdess deceased. In ecl. vi. we are told that Rosalinde +has betrothed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579). + +In the last book of the _Faery Queen_, we have a reference to "Colin +and his lassie," (Spenser and his wife) supposed to be Elizabeth, and +elsewhere called "Mirabella" See CLOUT, etc. + +_Colin Clout and his lassie_, referred to in the last book of the +_Faery Queen_, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called +"Mirabella" (1596). + +COLIN CLOUT'S COME HOME AGAIN. "Colin Clout" is Spenser, who had +been to London on a visit to "the Shepherd of the Ocean" (Sir Walter +Raleigh), in 1589; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote +this poem. "Hobbinol," his friend (Gabriel Harvey, L.L.D.), tells him +how all the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him +and them his adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy +of British contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of Queen +Elizabeth (1591). (See COLYN.) + +COLIN TAMPON, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an +Englishman, etc. + +COLKITTO (_Young_), or "Vich Alister More," or "Alister M'Donnell," +a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of +Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +COLLEAN (_May_), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how +"fause Sir John" carried her to a rock for the purpose of throwing her +down into the sea; but May outwitted him, and subjected him to the +same fate he had designed for her. + +COLLEEN', _i.e._ "girl;" Colleen bawn ("the blond girl"); Colleen rhue +("the red-haired girl"), etc. + +[Illustration] Dion Boucicault has a drama entitled _The Colleen +Bawn_, founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel _The Collegians_. + +COLLIER _(Jem)_, a smuggler.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.) + +COLLINGWOOD AND THE ACORNS. Collingwood never saw a vacant place in +his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it +in.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848). + +COLMAL, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord of Teutha _(the Tweed_). Her +father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young +sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house; but when +grown to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them, +and he shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed, +intending to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set +him free, and the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal. +Fingal sent Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar; but when Dunthalmo +heard thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive, +was bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in +marriage to Colmal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of +Teutha.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_. + +COLMAR, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was murdered +by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in his +banquet hall; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his own +house. When grown to manhood, he thought he observed mischief in their +looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the banks +of the Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love with +Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to +crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succor could arrive, +Dunthalmo had Colmar brought before him, "bound with a thousand +thongs," and slew him with his spear.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal._ + +COLNA-DONA ("_love of heroes_"), daughter of King Car'ul. Fingal sent +Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona, +to perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul +invited the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with +Colna-Dona. The passion being mutual, the father consented to their +espousals.--Ossian, _Colna-Dona._ + +COLOGNE _(The three kings of_), the three Magi, called Gaspar, +Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Gaspar means "the white one." Melchior, +"king of light;" Balthazar, "lord of treasures." Klop-stock, in _The +Messiah_, says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima, +Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith. + +[Illustration] The "three" Magi are variously named; thus one +tradition gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus; another calls +them Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; a third says they were Ator, +Sator, and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of +Balaam the Mesopotamian prophet. + +COLON, one of the rabble leaders in _Hudibras_, is meant for Noel +Perryan or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan "of low +morals," and very fond of bear-baiting. + +COLONNA (_The Marquis of_), a high-minded, incorruptible noble of +Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that his oily courtiers are +vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludovico, his chief +minister and favorite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and +Ludovico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna, +of his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With +this view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadnê (the +sister of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards +Evadnê, is challanged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be +killed. Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a +banquet with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy +is exposed: Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadnê.--Shiel, +_Evadne, or the Statue_ (1820). + +COLOSSOS (Latin, _colossus_), a gigantic brazen statue 126 feet high, +executed by Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignenère says it was +a striding figure, but Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, and +did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us +that it _stood_ on a _block of white marble_, and Lucius Ampellius +asserts that it _stood in a car_. Tiekell makes out the statue to be +so enormous in size, that-- + + While at one foot the thronging galleys ride, + A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side; + Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array, + Ten thousand streamers on the billows play. + +Tickell, _On the Prospect of Peace_. + +COLOSSUS. Negro servant in G.W. Cable's "Posson Jone." He vainly tries +to dissuade his master from drinking, and, in the end, restores to him +the money lost during the drunken bout. + + "In thundering tones" the parson was confessing + himself a "plum fool from whom the conceit + had been jolted out, and who had been made + to see that even his nigger had the longest + head of the two." + +COL'THRED (_Benjamin_) or "Little Benjie," a spy employed by Nixon +(Edward Redgauntlet's agent).--Sir. W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.) + +COLUMB (_St._) or _St. Columba_, was of the family of the kings of +Ulster; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots +300 Christian establishments of presbyterian character; that in Iona +was founded 563. + + The Pictish men by St. Columb taught. + +Campbell, _Rewllura_. + +COLUMBUS (_Christopher_), Genoese navigator who was fitted out by +Ferdinand and Isabella for a voyage of discovery resulting in the +sight of the New World (1492). His ships were the _Santa Maria_, +the _Pinta_ and the _Nina_, all small.--Washington Irving, _Life of +Columbus_. + +COLYN CLOUT (_The Boke of_), a rhyming six-syllable tirade against the +clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529). + +COMAL AND GALBI'NA. Comal was the son of Albion, "chief of a hundred +hills." He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved by +Grumal also. One day; tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina rested +in the cave of Roman; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal went +forth to shoot it. During his absence, Galbina dressed herself in +armor "to try his love," and "strode from the cave." Comal thought +it was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late +discovered his mistake, rushed to battle, and was slain.--Ossian, +_Fingal_, ii. + +COM'ALA, daughter of Sarno, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_). She fell +in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after +his return from Denmark or Lochlin (_Fingal_, iii.). Disguised as a +youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars; but +was detected by Hidallan, son of Lamor, whose love she had slighted. +Fingal was about to marry her when he was called to oppose Caracul, +who had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill, +thought she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the +shock on her nerves was so great that she died.--Ossian, _Comala_. + +COMAN'CHES (3 _syl_.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See CAMANCHES.) + +COMB (_Reynard's Wonderful_), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone, the +perfume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following +it; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb +existed only in the brain of Master Fox.--_Reynard the Fox_, xii. +(1498). + +CO'ME (_St_.), (see Cosme,) a physician, and patron saint of medical +practitioners. + +"By St. Come!" said the surgeon, "here's a pretty adventure."--Lesage, +(_Gil Blas_, vii. 1 1735). + +COME AND TAKE THEM. The reply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the +messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his +arms. + +COM'EDY (_The Father of_), Aristoph'anês the Athenian (B.C. 444-380). + +_Comedy (Prince of Ancient)_, Aristoph'anês (B.C. 444-380). + +_Comedy (Prince of New)_, Menander (B.C. 342-291). + +COMEDY OF ERRORS, by Shakespeare (1593), Aemilia, wife of Ægeon, had +two sons at a birth, and named both of them Antipholus. When grown +to manhood, each of these sons had a slave named Dromio, also +twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in +infancy, and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to +Syracuse and the other to Ephesus. The play supposes that Antipholus +of Syracuse goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with +his slave, Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary +likeness of the two brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, the wife +of the Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusan for her husband; but he +behaves so strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true +husband arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusan +brother being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband +broken loose, sends to capture him; but he flees into a convent. +Adriana now lays her complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess +comes into court. So both brothers face each other, the mistakes are +explained, and the abbess turns out to be Aemilia, the mother of the +twin brothers. Now, it so happened that Ægeon, searching for his son, +also came to Ephesus, and was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death, +because he, a Syracusan, had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however, +hearing the story, pardoned him. Thus Ægeon found his wife in the +abbess, the parents their twin sons, and each son his long-lost +brother. + +[Illustration] The plot of this comedy is copied from the _Menaechmí_ +of Plautus. + +COMHAL or COMBAL, son of Trathal, and father of Fingal. His queen +was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was slain in battle, +fighting against the tribe of Morni, the very day that Fingal was +born.--Ossian. + + Fingal said to Aldo, "I was born in the battle." + +Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_. + +COMINES [_Cum'.in_]. Philip des Comines, the favorite minister of +Charles, "the Bold," Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by Sir W. Scott, +in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL (_Emir al Mumenin_), a title assumed by Omar +I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644). + +COMMINGES (_2 syl_.) (_Count de_), the hero of a novel so-called by +Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749). + +COMMITTEE (_The_), a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a +Cromwellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a +dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into +his hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former +he calls Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter; the latter he +wants to marry to his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love with Colonel +Careless, and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into +her hands the deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and +when Mr. Day arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of +certain deeds which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670). + +T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of _The +Honest Thieves_. + +COMMON (_Dol_), an ally of Subtle the alchemist.--Ben Jonson, _The +Alchemist_ (1610). + +COMMONER (_The Great_), Sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to +reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent. to 3 per +cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full +if he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also +(1759-1806). + +COMNE'NUS (_Alexius_), emperor of Greece, introduced by Sir. W. Scott +in _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +_Anna Comne'na_ the historian, daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor +of Greece.--Same novel. + +COMPEYSON, a would-be gentleman and a forger. He duped Abel Magwitch +and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He also +jilted Miss Havisham.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860). + +COM'RADE (_2 syl_.), the horse given by a fairy to Fortunio. + + He has many rare qualities ... first he eats + but once in eight days; and then he knows + what's past, present, and to come [and speaks + with the voice of a man].--Comtesse DAunoy, + _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio." 1682). + +COMUS, the god of revelry. In Milton's "masque" so called, the "lady" +is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton, and +the elder brother is Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of John, +earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long +walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to +gather "cooling fruit" for her. She sings to let them know her +whereabouts, and Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a +cottage till her brothers could be found. The brothers, hearing a +noise of revelry, become alarmed about their sister, when her guardian +spirit informs them that she has fallen into the hands of Comus. They +run to her rescue, and arrive just as the god is offering his captive +a potion; the brothers seize the cup and dash it on the ground, while +the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks the spell and releases the +lady (1634). + +CONACH'AR, the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover +of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine, +called "the fair maid of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ultimately +marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian +Eachin [_Hector_] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.--Sir W. Scott, +_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +CONAR, son of Trenmor, and first "king of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg +(or belgae from Britain settled in the _south_ of Ireland) had reduced +the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the _north_ of Ireland) +to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for aid. +Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with +an army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to +submission, assumed the title of "king of Ireland." Conar was +succeeded by his son Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre +by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and +Cormac (after a slight interregnum) by Ferad-Artho (restored by +Fingal).--Ossian. + +CONCORD HYMN, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning: + + "By the rude bridge that arched the flood, + Their flag to April's breeze unfurled, + Here once the embattled farmers stood + And fired the shot heard round the world." + +was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836. + +CONKEY CHICKWEED, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order +to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and +others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.--C. Dickens, _Oliver +Twist_ (1837). + +CON'LATH, youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (_a +man's name_). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma, +but before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was +hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar +carried her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath +they both fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of +grief.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_. + +CONNAL, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend of +Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who +counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very +opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.--Ossian, +_Fingal_. + +CON'NEL (_Father_), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle +affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called +Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's +novel called _Father Connell_ (1842). + + _Father Connell_ is not unworthy of association + with the Protestant _Vicar of Wakefield_.--R. + Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 612. + +CONINGSBY, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for +portraits; thus: "Croker" represents Rigby; "Menmouth," Lord Hertford; +"Eskdale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. Zichy; +"Countess Colonna," Lady Strachan; "Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild; +"Henry Sidney," Lord John Manners; "Belvoir," Duke of Rutland, +second son of Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith +Millbank, the daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for +Parliament and marries Edith. + +CONQUEROR (_The_). Alexander the Great, _The Conqueror of the World_ +(B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185). Aurungzebe +the Great, called _Alemgir_ (1618, 1659-4707), James of Aragon (1206, +1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish Empire (1259, +1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called _Conquistador_, because he +conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who obtained +England by conquest (1027,1066-1137). + +CON'RAD (_Lord_), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud, +ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed], +was about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise +of a dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was +released by Gulnare (_2 syl_.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and +fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he +left the island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a +rebellion, and was shot.--Lord Byron, _The Corsair_, continued in +_Lara_ (1814). CONRAD DRYFOOS, the son of a rich man, the backer and +virtual proprietor of _Every Other Week_, in W. D. Howells's novel, _A +Hazard of New Fortunes_. + + "He's got a good head and he wanted to study + for the ministry when they were all living together + out on the farm ... You know they used + to think that any sort of stuff was good enough + to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the + good timber for business, and so the old man + wouldn't let him." + +Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a +mortal wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the +police, who are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890). + +CON'RADE (_2 syl._), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don +Pedro, Prince of Aragon).--Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_ +(1600). + +_Conrade_ (_2 syl._), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the +grand-master of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de +Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the +Templar.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.). + +CONSTANCE, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey +Plantagenet.--Shakespeare, _King John_ (1598). + + Mrs. Bartley's "Lady Macbeth," "Constance," + and "Queen Katherine" [_Henry VIII._], were + powerful embodiments, and I question if they + have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).--J. + Adolphus, _Recollections_. + +_Constance_, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by +Wildrake, a country squire, fond of field sports. "Her beauty rich, +richer her grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She +was "the mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;" she +danced well, sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's +playmate, and became her husband.--S. Knowles, _The Love Chase_ +(1837). + +_Constance_, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of +Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had "beauty to shame young love's +most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth +to keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of +Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of +luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf; +her aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a +serf). She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.--S. Knowles, +_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836). + +_Constance Varley_. American girl traveling in the East with friends, +and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for +years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of +pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The +words are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding +divides them forever. A year later she marries another man who loves +her sincerely without appreciating the finest part of her nature. + +A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait: + + "I discern + Infinite passion and the pain + Of finite hearts that yearn." + + "There was a singular suggestion of sadness + about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small + close mouth."--Julia C. Fletcher, _Mirage_ + (1882). + +CONSTANS, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the three +sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and +Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father +he laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be +assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded +Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther +Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans +was Arthur's uncle. + +CONSTANT (_Ned_), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she +intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.--Vanbrugh, _The +Provoked Wife_ (1697). + +_Constant_ (_Sir Bashful_), a younger brother of middle life, who +tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He +marries a woman of quality, but finding; it _comme il faut_ not to let +his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and +though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not. +He is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an +example of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, "What is mere good +nature but a fool?" + +_Lady Constant_, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense, +wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an +attempt to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold +indifference.--A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760). + +CONSTAN'TIA, sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress of +the duke of Ferrara.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (1620). + +_Constantia_, a _protégée_ of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in +love with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.--C. +Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764). + +CON'STANTINE (_3 syl._), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf +(a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at +Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner. + + Our English Athelstan ... + Made all the Isle his own, + And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. 3 (1613). + +CONSTANTINOPLE (_Little_), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from +its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenês calls it "the granary of +Athens." + +CONSUELO (_4 syl._), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst of +temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George +Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant). + +CONTEMPORANEOUS DISCOVERIES. Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at the +same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at +the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time +the vertebral system. _The Penny Cyclopaedia_ and _Chambers's Journal_ +were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is +claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and +Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and +Adams discovered at the same time the planet Neptune. + +[Illustration] This list may be extended to a very great length. + +CONTENTED MAN (_The_). Subject of a poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745 + + No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts, + And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults, + He makes his GOD his everlasting tower + And in His firm munition stands secure. + +CONTEST _(Sir Adam_). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he +married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His +second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a +pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first +wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir +Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely. + +_Lady Contest_, the bride of Sir Adam, "young, extremely lively, and +prodigiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and +treated as a child, so her _naïveté_ was quite captivating. When +she quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, "Good-by, Sir Adam, +good-by. I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really +unhappy if I did not know that your happiness will be infinitely +greater with your first wife." + +_Mr. Contest_, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.--Mrs. +Inchbald, _The Wedding Day_ (1790). + +CONTINENCE. + +ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the +family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies +as queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch, +having escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for +Alexander had shown himself the most continent and generous of +men.--Arrian, _Anabasis of Alexander_, iv. 20. + +SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a +beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, "lest he should be +tempted to forget his principles." It is, moreover, said that he sent +her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to +whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was +depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the +seventeenth century. + + E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold, + Might have forgot his virtue at her sight. + + N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_, iii. 3 (1702.) + +ANSON, when he took the _Senhora Theresa de Jesus_, refused even to +see the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he +was resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of +a mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing +beauty." + +CONVEN'TUAL FRIARS are those who live in _convents_, contrary to the +rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land, +books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder +are called "Observant Friars." + +CONVERSATION SHARP, Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.) + +COOK WHO KILLED HIMSELF (_The_). Vatel killed himself in 1671, because +the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be served +up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Condé to the +king. + +COOKS OF MODERN TIMES. Carême, called "The Regenerator of Cookery" +(1784-1833). Charles Elmé Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in +the Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude, +Gouffé, and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858. + +COOKERY (_Regenerator of_), Carême (1784-1833.) + +(Ude, Gouffé, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art). + +COOPER (_Anthony Ashly_,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W. +Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.) + +COPHET'UA or COPET'HUA, a mythical king of Africa, of great wealth, +who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name was +Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in _Love's Labour's +Lost_, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in _The +Beggar-Maid._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 6. + +COPLEY (_Sir Thomas_), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at +Woodstock.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +COPPER CAPTAIN (_A_), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but +with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his +person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own +trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to +be the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady "pearls," but +they are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him: + + Here's a goodly jewel.. + Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?.. + See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes.. + And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls.. + Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits. + Put these and them on you're a man of copper, + A copper,... copper captain. + + Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and + Have a Wife_ (1640). + +COPPERFLELD (_David_), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens. David +is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to +the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where +Mr. Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow +married Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of +David a dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone +sent David to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to +Messrs. Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse, +and set to paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon +became tired of this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was +kindly received by his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him, +and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with +Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a +mutual attachment sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but +at the death of this pretty little "child-wife," he married Agnes +Wickfield.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849). + +COPPERHEADS, members of a faction in the North, during the civil war +in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that +gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed +or secret foe. (_The Trigonecephalus contortrix_.) + +COPPERNOSE (_3 syl_.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed so +much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear +in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets +"Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper-nose," etc. + +COPPLE, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called _Reynard +the Fox_ (1498). + +CORA, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of Rolla, +general of the Peruvian army.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_ (altered from +Kotzebue, 1799). + +CORA MUNRO, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the +sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's _Last of the Mohicans._ Cora +loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself, +attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives +to gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice +between death and his wigwam. + + Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once + more he struggled with himself and lifted + the keen weapon again--but just then a piercing + cry was heard above them, and Uncas + appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful + height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step, + and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance, + sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora. + (1826). + +CO'RAH, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Architophel_, is meant for +Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and +Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and +English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the +pit," so Oates was "condemned to imprisonment for life," after being +publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus +Oates as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the +centre of a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in +the circumference. + + Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud, + Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud; + His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace, + A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face; + His memory miraculously great + Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat. + + Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1631). + +CORBAC'CIO _(Signior)_, the dupe of Mosca the knavish confederate of +Vol'pone (_2 syl_.). He is an old man, with seeing and hearing faint, +and understanding dulled to childishness, yet he wishes to live on, +and + + Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself + Younger by scores of years; flatters his age + With confident belying it; hopes he may + With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored. + + Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the Fox_ (1605). + + +Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed to be proud to wear the poet's +double name, and was particularly great in all that author's plays +that were usually performed, viz "Wasp," in _Bartholomew Fair_; +"Corbaccio;" "Morose," in _The Silent Woman_; and "Ananias," in _The +Alchemist_.--Chetwood. + + +C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio" +could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his +will? What has he given me!" but Parsons himself says: "Ah! to see +'Corbaccio' acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The +public are pleased to think that I act that part well, but his acting +was as far superior to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight." + +COR'BANT, the rook, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). +(French, _corbeau_, "a rook.") + +CORCE'CA _(3 syl_.), mother of Abessa. The word means "blindness of +heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca +shut the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una +broke down the door. The "lion" means _England_, "Corceca" +_popery_, "Una" _protestantism_, and "breaking down the door" _the +Reformation_.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 3 (1590). + +CORDAY (_Marie Anne Charlotte_), descendant of the poet Corneille. +Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was +guillotined for the deed, July, 1793. + +CORDE'LIA, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by her +royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent than +those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when +her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his +suite, she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however, +taken captive, thrown into prison, and died there. + + Her voice was ever soft, + Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman. + + Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act v. sc. 3 (1605). + +CORFLAM'BO, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by +Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas, +and proved a good wife to him.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 8 (1596). + +CORIAT (_Thomas_) died 1617, author of a book called _Crudities_. + + Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek, + As naturally as pigs do squeak. + + Lionel Cranfield, _Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat_ + + But if the meaning was as far to seek + As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek, + When in that tongue he made a speech at length, + To show the beast the greatness of his strength. + + G. Wither, _Abuses Stript and Whipt_ (1613). + +COREY (_Bromfield_). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D. Howells's +story, _The Rise of Silas Lapham_. His father complains of his want of +energy and artistic tastes, but allows him "to travel indefinitely." +He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and paints an +amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family, but +continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working +at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says +anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved. +At heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout +he is the _gentleman_ in grain, and incorruptible (1885). + +CORIN, "the faithful shepherdess," who, having lost her true love by +death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest +of her life, and was called "The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd +Thenot (final _t_ pronounced) fell in love with her for her +"fidelity," and to cure him of his attachment she pretended to love +him in return. This broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that +reverence of love he before entertained. Corin was skilled "in the +dark, hidden virtuous use of herbs," and says: + + Of all green wounds I know the remedies + In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes, + Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art, + Or be they love-sick. + +--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 1, (1610). + +_Cor'in, Corin'eus_ (3 _syl_.), or _Corine'us_ (4 _syl_.) "strongest +of mortal men," and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king +of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.) + +From Corin came it first? [_i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling_]. + +M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612). + +CORINEUS (3 _syl_). Southey throws the accent on the _first_ syllable, +and Spenser on the _second_. One of the suite of Brute. He overthrew +the giant Goëm'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded with +the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the +inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN). + +Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning +of the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held +each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but +Goëmagot presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three +of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his left. At which +Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching +up the giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore, +and getting on to the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the +sea ... The place where he fell is called Lam Goëmagot or Goëmagot's +Leap, to this day.--Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 16 (1142). + +When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first. + +Southey, _Madoc_, vi. (1805). + + +Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned. + +Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1500). + +Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent +on the last but one. + +Which to their general then great Corine'us had. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612). + +CORINNA, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over Pindar +at the public games (fl. B.C. 490). + + ... they raised + A tent of satin, elaborately wrought + With fair Corinna's triumph. + +Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii. + +_Corinna_, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet. +Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695). + + See lively Pope advance in jig and trip + "Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip;" + Not without art, but yet to nature true, + She charms the town with humor just yet new. + + Churchill, _Roseiad_ (1761). + +Corinne' (2 _syl_.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Staël. +Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away. + +_A Corinthian_, a rake, a "fast man." Prince Henry says (1 _Henry IV_. +act ii. sc. 4.) "[_They_] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, +but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle." + +CORINTHIAN TOM, "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's _Life +in London_. + +CORIOLA'NUS _(Caius Marcius_), called Coriolanus from his victory +at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (_not Volumnia_), and his wife +Volumnia (not _Virgilia_). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La +Harpe has also a drama entitled _Coriolan_, produced in 1781.--Livy, +_Annals_, ii. 40. + +I remember her [_Mrs. Siddons_] coming down the stage in the triumphal +entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that +shook the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the +music, rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her +son. Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and +lit up her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.--C.M. Young. + +CORITA'NI, the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, +Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to +them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +CORMAC I., son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as "king of +Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the +Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been +subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such +extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large +army, utterly defeated Colculla "lord of Atha," and re-established +Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave +Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first +son. Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son +Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a +short interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.--Ossian. + +CORMAC II. (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father +Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_] invaded +Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin. +Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran +was routed and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign +Torlath rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by +Cuthullin, who, however, was himself mortally wounded by a random +arrow during the persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in +insurrection, murdered the young king, and usurped the government. His +success, however, was only of short duration, for having invited Oscar +to a feast, he treacherously slew him, and was himself slain at the +same time. His brother Cathmor succeeded for a few days, when he also +was slain in battle by Fingal, and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar +(first king of Ireland, a Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac +I; Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son +Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II.; and Cormac II (after a short +interregnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho.--Ossian, _Fingal, Dar-Thula +and Temora_. + +COR'MACK _(Donald)_, a Highland robber-chief.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair +Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV). + +COR'MALO, a "chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the waters +of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island of +Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and "sought the honor of the +spear" (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted +with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a +hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and +his brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when +their dog Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract +attention. Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In +the mean time his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son +of Ossian, heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to +Lano, encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the +daughter, he took her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her +father.--Ossian, _The War of Inis-Thona._ + +COR'MORAN' _(The Giant_), a Cornish giant slain by Jack the +Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a +mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, +that the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head +and killed him. + +CORNAVII, the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, +Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his +_Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +CORNE'LIA, wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two +tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans, +who erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA, +MOTHER OF THE GRACCHI. + + Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows + Of Agrippina + +Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii. + +CORNET, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence +because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to +her, "Your ladyship looks very ill this morning," which the French +waiting-woman contradicted by saying, "My opinion be, matam, dat your +latyship never look so well in all your life." Lady Fanciful said to +Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't endure you;" and then turning to +Mdlle, she added, "This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by, +Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are +certainly well-mannered, and never flatter."--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked +Wife_ (1697). + +[Illustration] This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and +his secretary Gil Blas. + +CORNEY (_Mrs_.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born. +She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the pompous +beadle to a hen-pecked husband.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxvii. +(1837). + +CORNFLOWER (_Henry_), a farmer, who "beneath a rough outside, +possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince." + +_Mrs. Cornflower_, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted +by Sir Charles Courtly.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1789). + +CORNIOLE GIOVANNI DELLE, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the cognomen +given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di Medici. +His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery. + +CORN-LAW RHYMER (_The_), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849). + +CORNWALL (_Barry_), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor, +author of _English Songs_ (1788-1874). + +COROMBONA (_Vittoria_), the White Devil, the chief character in +a drama by John Webster, entitled _The White Devil, or Vittoria +Corombona_ (1612). + +CORO'NIS, daughter of Phorôneus (3 _syl_.) king of Pho'cis, +metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. CORPORAL (_The Little_). General +Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796). + +CORRECTOR (_Alexander the_), Alexander Cruden, author of the +_Concordance to the Bible_, for many years a corrector of the press, +in London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals +and manners of the world (1701-1770). + +COURROUGE' (2 _syl_.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous Saracen, +nephew of Farracute (3 _syl_.). Otuel was in the end converted to +Christianity. + +CORSAIR (_The_), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that the +Sultan Seyd [_Seed_] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the +disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire +to the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon, +but being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her +to the Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling) +had died during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare, +returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.--Byron, +_The Corsair_, continued in _Lara_ (1814). + +(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious +buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services +rendered to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on +New Orleans). + +COR'SAND, a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at +Kippletringan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II). + +CORSICAN GENERAL (_The_), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica +(1769-1821). + +COR'SINA, wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the boat +as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her foster-children, +Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ +(The Princess Fairstar, 1682). + +CORTE'JO, a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in _Beppo_: + + Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call, + And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl. + + Was it not for this that no cortejo ere + I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille? + +Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 148 (1819). + +CORVI'NO (_Signior_), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into +believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.--Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the +Fox_ (1605). + +CORYATE'S CRUDITIES, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who called +himself the "Odcombian Legstretcher." He was the son of the rector of +Odcombe (1577--1617). + +CORYCIAN NYMPHS (_The_), the Muses, so called from the cave of Corycîa +on Lyeorça, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in +Greece. + +COR'YDON, a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the _Idylls_ of +Theocritos; the _Eclogues_ of Virgil; _The Cantata_, v., of Hughes, +etc. + +_Cor'ydon_, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto +9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously, +and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks +and herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, vi. (1596). + +_Cor'ydon_, the shoemaker, a citizen.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of +Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +CORYPHAEUS OF GERMAN LITERATURE _(The)_, Goethe. + +The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German +literature.--W. R. Morfell, _Notes and Queries_, April 27, 1878. + +CORYPHE'US (4 _syl_.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios or +leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called _The +Corypheus of Grammarians_. + +COSETTE. Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian _grisette_. She +puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the +little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who +nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.--Victor +Hugo, _Les Miserables._ + +COSME _(St.)_, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised +medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered +martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their fête day is December +27. In the twelfth century there was a medical society called _Saint +Cosme_. + +COS'MIEL (3 _syl_.), the genius of the world. He gave to +Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and +planets.--Kircher, _Ecstatic Journey to Heaven._ + +COSMOS, the personification of "the world" as the enemy of man. +Phineas Fletcher calls him "the first son to the Dragon red" (_the +devil_). "Mistake," he says, "points all his darts;" or, as the +Preacher says, "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity." Fully described in +_The Purple Island_, viii (1633). (Greek, _kosmos_, "the world.") + +COS'TARD, a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's time. +He uses the word "honorificabilitudinitatibus," and some of his +blunders are very ridiculous, as "ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends, +as they say" (act v. I).--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594). + +COSTIGAN, Irish Captain in _Pendennis_, W. M. Thackeray. + +COSTIN _(Lord)_, disguised as a beggar, in _The Beggar's Bush_, a +drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622). + +COTE MALE-TAILÉ _(Sir)_, meaning the "knight with the villainous +coat," the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to +Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with +all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to +his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that "had broken +loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen." He married a +damsel called Maledisaunt (3 _syl_.), who loved him, but always chided +him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.--Sir T. Malory, +_History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 42-50 (1470). + +COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT; Poem in which Burns depicts the household of +a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of +the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture +of the "Saint, the Father and the Husband" is drawn the poet's +own father. COTYT´TO, Groddess of the Edõni of Thrace. Her orgies +resembled those of the Thracian Cyb´elê (_3 syl_). + + Hail goddess of nocturnal sport, + Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame + Of midnight torches burns. + Milton, _Comus_, 136, etc. (1634.) + +COULIN, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm 132 +feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he +fell backwards into the pit and was killed. + + And eke that ample pit yet far renowned + For the great leap which Debon did compell + Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd, + Into which the returning back he fell. + Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1590.) + +COUNT OF NARBONNE, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father, +Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring +Godfrey's right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in +love with Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this +dilemma: if he married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and +obtain the possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if, +on the other hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in +combat, he could not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end +the count killed Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from +Walpole's _Castle of Otranto_. + +COUNT ROBERT OF PARIS, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of +his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can +afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember +that the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of +the novel is the reign of Rufus. COUNTRY (_Father of his_). Cicero +was so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius Cæsar was +so called after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43). +Augustus Cæsar was called _Pater atque Princeps_ (B.C. 63, 31-14). +Cosmo de Med´ici (1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal +counsellor of the American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so +called on the base of his statue in Gen´oa (1468-1560). Andronlcus +Palaeol´ogus II. assumed the title (1260-1332). (See 1 _Chron_. iv. +14). + +COUNTRY GIRL (_The_), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly. The +"country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas +Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect +seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her, +but she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age +and position. + +COUNTRY WIFE (_The_), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675). + + Pope was proud to receive notice from the + author of _The Country Wife_.--R. Chambers, + _English Literature_, i. 393. + +COUPEE, the dancing-master, who says "if it were not for +dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels." He +courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.--Fielding, _The Virgin +Unmasked._ + +COUR´TAIN, one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican. His +other sword was Sauvagine. + + But Ogier gazed upon it [_the sea_] doubtfully + One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said, + "What tales are these?" + W. Morris, _The Earthly Paradise_ ("August"). + +COURTALL, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his +love-conquests over ladies of the _haut monde_. He tries to corrupt +Lady Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.--Mrs. Cowley, _The +Belle's Stratagem_ (1780). + +COURTLY (_Sir Charles_), a young libertine, who abducted the beautiful +wife of Farmer Cornflower.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1780). + +COUSIN COPELAND, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who lives +in "Old Gardiston," the home of his ancestors "befo' de wah." He has +but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a ruffled +shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among "documents," +his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change he keeps +up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to elevate his +gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be heard above +the rain and wind, it fails. + + "Four days afterward he died, gentle and + placid to the last. He was an old man, although + no one had ever thought so."--Constance + Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_, (1880). + +COUSIN MICHEL or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is of +an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss, +John Chinaman a Chinese, etc. + +COUVADE´ (_2 syl._), a man who takes the place of his wife when she is +in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does +the household duties. The people called "Gold Tooth," in the confines +of Burmah, are _couvades_. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom +still exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common +in Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr. + +Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West +Indies, the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of +California, in Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago. +Diodorus speaks of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says +the custom prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius +that the Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same: + + In the Tabarenian land, + When some good woman bears her lord a babe, + '_Tis he_ is swathed, and groaning put to bed; + While she arising tends his bath and serves + Nice possets for her husband in the straw. + Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_ + +COV´ERLEY (_Sir Roger de_), a member of an hypothetical club, noted +for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most +courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most +amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers +of the _Spectator_, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country +gentleman of Queen Anne's time. + + What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without + his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If + the good knight did not call out to the people + sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such + delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde. + Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple + Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of + what worth were he to us? We love him for his + vanities as much as for his virtues.--Thackeray. + +COWARDS and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Parolès and Pistol; in Ben +Jonson, Bob´adil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet, +the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore, +and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF, +CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA, +etc.) + + +COWPER, called "Author of _The Task_," from his principal poem +(1731-1800). + +COXCOMB (_The Prince of_) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne (1535-1614). + +Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400). + +Henri III, of France, _Le Mignon_ (1551, 1574-1589). + +COXE (_Captain_), one of the masques at Kenilworth.--Sir W. Scott, +_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +COY BISHOP. Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in +Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' _Story of Avis_. "Her face is as innocent of +sarcasm as a mocking bird's;" she "is one of the immortal few who can +look pretty in their crimping-pins;" she "has the glibness of most +unaccentuated natures;" she admires Avis without comprehending her, +and she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young +clergyman. (1877). + +CRABSHAW (_Timothy_), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's +squire.--Smollett, _Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760). + +CRAB´TREE, in Smollett's novel called _The Adventures of Peregine +Pickle_ (1751). + +_Crab´tree_, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, _The +School for Scandal_ (1777). + +_Crab´tree_, a gardener at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ +(time George III.). + +CRAC (_M. de_), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French +operetta. + +CRACK´ENTHORP (_Father_), a publican. + +_Dolly Crackenthorp_, daughter of the publican.--Sir W. Scott, +_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +CRACKIT (_Flash Toby_), one of the villains in the attempted burglary +in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.--C. Dickens, +_Oliver Twist_ (1837.) + +CRA'DLEMONT, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for +Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson, _Coming of +Arthur_. + +CRADOCK (_Sir_), the only knight who could carve the boar's head which +no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could +quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King +Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither +by a boy during Christmas-tide.--Percy, _Reliques, etc._, III. iii. +18. + +CRAIGDAL'LIE (_Adam_), the senior baillie of Perth.--Sir W. Scott, +_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +CRAIG'ENGELT (_Captain_), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw. Sir +W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +CRAIK MAMSELL. A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the +innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, _Hand and Ring_ (1883). + +CRAMP (_Corporal_), under captain Thornton.--Sir W. Scott, _Bob Roy_ +(time, George I.) + +CRAN'BOURNE, (_Sir Jasper_), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +CRANE (_Dame Alison_), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough. + +_Gaffer Crane_, the dame's husband.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +_Crane (Ichabod)_, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as +"tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and +neck unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his +feet might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung +together." + + The head of Ichabod Crane was small and + flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy + eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked + like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle + neck to tell which way the wind blew.--W. Irving, + _Sketch-Book_ ("Legend of Sleepy Hollow.") + +CRANES (1 _syl_.). Milton, referring to the wars of the pygmies and +the cranes, calls the former + + That small infantry + Warred on by cranes. + + _Paradise Lost_, i. 575 (1665). + +CRANION, queen Mab's charioteer. + + Four nimble gnats the horses were, + Their harnesses of gossamere, + Fly Cranion, her charioteer. + + M. Dayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631). + +CRANK (_Dame_), the papist laundress at Marlborough.--Sir W. Scott, +_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth). + +CRA'PAUD (_Johnnie_), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman, +Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a +North American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient +kings of France, "three toads erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the +sixteenth century, called the French _crapauds_ in the well-known +line: + + Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara. + +("Sara" is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under +Louis XIV.) CRATCHIT (_Bob_ or _Robert_), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge, +stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s. +a week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his +master with all his wealth and selfishness. + +_Tiny Tim Cratchit_, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin +of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not +die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him +his special care.--C. Dickens, _A Christmas Carol_ (in five staves, +1843). + +CRAW'FORD (_Lindsay, earl of_), the young earl-marshal of +Scotland.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +_Craw'ford (Lord)_, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis lés +Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, +Edward IV.). + +CRAWLEY (_Sir Pitt_), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's Crawley, +Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet, very +rich, desperately mean, "a philosopher with a taste for low life," and +intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his +two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to +become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain +Rawdon Crawley. This "aristocrat" spoke of "brass fardens," and was +unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will +show:--"Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on +Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly." The whole baronetage, peerage, +and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean, +foolish, disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the +age of fourscore, "lamented and beloved, regretted and honored," if we +can believe his monumental tablet. + +_Lady Crawley_. Sir Pitt's first wife was "a confounded quarrelsome, +high-bred jade." So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr. +Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter +Butt, for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter +had "pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no +opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper; +she was a mere female machine." Being a "blonde, she wore draggled +sea-green or slatternly sky-blue dresses," went about slip-shod and in +curl-papers all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for +the second time a widower, "to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures +new." + +_Mr. Pitt Crawley_, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his +father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper +gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and +white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt +himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt +always addressed his mother-in-law with "most powerful respect," and +strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton +he was called "Miss Crawley." His religious opinions were offensively +aggressive and of the "evangelical type." He even built a +meeting-house close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came +into the large fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane +Sheepshanks, daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P., +grew money-loving and mean, but less and less "evangelical" as he grew +great and wealthy. + +_Captain Rawdon Crawley_, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was +in the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about town," and an adept in boxing, +rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young +dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could +swear a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the +servants, who nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay +his tradesmen; a Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, "Aw, +aw; Jave-aw; Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw--confounded as I +ever smoked. Gad-aw." This military exquisite was the adopted heir of +Miss Crawley, but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for +his brother Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor +"upon nothing a year," but a great scandal got wind of gross +improprieties between Lord Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated +from his wife, and was given the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord +Steyne. "His Excellency Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of +yellow fever, most deeply beloved and deplored," and his son Rawdon +inherited his uncle's title and the family estates. + +_The Rev. Bute Crawley_, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a "tall, stately, +jolly, shovel-hatted rector." "He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ +Church boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev. +Bute loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections, +regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very +popular." His wife wrote his sermons for him. + +_Mrs. Bute Crawley_, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady, +domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her "policy." She gave +her husband full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and +thrifty.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848). + +CRAYDOCKE _(Miss)._ Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of everybody +else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's _Real Folks_, and other of her +books. "Around her there is always springing up a busy and a spreading +crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is none too +big for her, or for any such, of course." + +CRAY'ON _(Le Sieur de_), one of the officers of Charles "the Bold," +Duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward +IV.). + +_Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq._, Washington Irving, author of _The +Sketch-Book_ (1820). + +CREA'KLE, a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David +Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of +Steerforth. + + The circumstance abont him which impressed + me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in + a whisper.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_, vi. + (1849). + +CREAM CHEESE _(Rev.)_, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs. +Potiphar is in _The Potiphar Papers_.--George William Curtis (1853). + +CREBILLON OF ROMANCE _(The)_, A. François Prévost d'Exiles +(1697-1763). + +CREDAT JUDAEUS APELLA, NONEGO (Horace, _Sat. I_. v. 100). Of "Apella" +nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and the +word "Judaeus" stands for any Jew. "A disbelieving Jew would give +credit to the statement sooner than I should." + +CRES'SIDA, in Chaucer CRESSEIDE (2 _syl_.), a beautiful, sparkling, +and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for infidelity. She +was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took part with the +Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but a mediaeval +creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius the +Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths +herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus +gives the maiden a _sleeve_, and she gives her Adonis a _glove_, as a +love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made, +when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields +her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given +her as a love-token. + + As false + As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth. + Yea, let [_men_] say to stick the heart of falsehood, + "As false as Cressid." + + (Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act iii. sc. 2) + (1602). + +CRESSWELL (_Madame_), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed +£10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her. +The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:--"All +I shall say of her is this: she was born _well_, she married _well_, +lived _well_, and died _well_; for she was born at Shad-well, married +Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well." + +CRESSY MCKINSTRY. Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty, saucy +and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education, and +attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to do +this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her love +for him, but will not be "engaged:" + +"I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I +couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without +it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married +to backwood Southern girls." + +After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much +love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married +to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.--Bret Harte, +_Cressy_ (1889). + +CRETE (_Hound of_), a blood-hound.--See _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act +iii. sec. 2. + + Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again, + O hound of Crete! + +Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act ii. sc. 1 (1599). + +_Crete (The Infamy of)_, the Minotaur. + + [_There_] lay stretched + The infamy of Crete, detested brood + Of the feigned heifer. +Dante, _Hell_, xii. (1300, Cary's translation). + + +CRÈVECOUR (2 _syl_.). The count Philip de Crèvecour is the envoy sent +by Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis XI., +king of France. + +_The Countess of Crèvecour_, wife of the count.--Sir W. Scott, +_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +CRIB (_Tom_), Thomas Moore, author of _Tom Crib's Memorial to +Congress_ (1819). + +CRILLON. The following story is told of this brave but simple-minded +officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to him thus: + +Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu à Arques, et tu n'y étais +pas. + +The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in +France. + +When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he +grew so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, _Où étais +tu, Crillon_? ("What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such +atrocity!") + +[Illustration: symbol] When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he +exclaimed, "Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the +wrong, I warrant." + +CRIMO'RA AND CONNAL. Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with +Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his +"sweeting" to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is +ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went +against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but +unknown to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged +an arrow at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in +agony to his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and +both were buried in one grave. Ossian, _Carric-Thura._ + +CRINGLE (_Tom_), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, _Tom Cringle's +Log_. + +CRISPIN (_St._). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers, born at +Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France (about +A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, that +they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town +ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they +were made the tutelary saints of the "gentle craft." St. Crispin's Day +is October 25. + + This day is called the feast of Crispian.. + And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by, + From this day to the ending of the world, + But we in it shall be remembered. + +Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act iv. sc. 3 (1599). + +CRITIC (_A Bossu_), one who criticizes the "getting up" of a book more +than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. Réne le Bossu was +a French critic (1631-1680). + + The epic poem your lordship bade me look at, + upon taking the length, breadth, height, and + depth of it, and trying them at home upon an + exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every + one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur! + --Sterne. + +(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician, +and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a +pun is intended). + +_Critic (The)_, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by _The Rehearsal_ +(1779). + +[Illustration] _The Rehearsal_ is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671). + +CRITICS (_The Prince of_), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled, in +the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer. + +CROAKER, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he imagines +himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival, and +delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His +favorite phrase is "May be not." + + A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress + for every hour of the four and twenty.--Act i. 1. + +_Mrs. Croaker_, the very reverse of her grumbling, atrabilious +husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and cheerful as a lark. + + The very reverse of each other. She all laugh + and no joke, he always complaining and never + sorrowful.--Act i. 1. + +_Leontine Croaker_, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch +his sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings +home instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and +ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _The Good Natured Man_ (1768). + +CROCODILE (_King_). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that +there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile +has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says +that though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his +people with.--Browne, _Travels_. + +_Crocodile (Lady Kitty)_, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.--Sam. +Foote, _A Trip to Calais_. + +CROCUS, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not return +his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify +_unrequited love_. + +CROESUS, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by Cyrus, +king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected upon +which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and burnt +alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name of +Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. "Because he told me to call no +one happy till death." Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire +of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then +called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and +he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed. + +[Illustration] The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account +of the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the +fiery furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the +reader.--_Daniel_, iii. _Croesus's Dream_. Croesus dreamt that his +son, Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every +precaution to prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to +chase the wild boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the +boar to rescue Atys from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince +and killed him. The tale is told by William Morris in his _Earthly +Paradise_ ("July"). + +CROFTANGRY (_Mr. Chrystal_), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of +Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two +novels, one _The Highland Widow_, and the other _The Fair Maid of +Perth_, called the _First_ and _Second Series_ of the "Chronicles of +Canongate" (_q. v._). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given +in the introductory chapters of _The Highland Widow_, and continued in +the introduction of the _The Fair Maid of Perth_. + +Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's +father and that "the fretful patient at the death-bed" is a living +picture. + +CROFTS _(Master)_, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey Hudson, +the famous dwarf.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles +II.). + +CROKER'S MARE. In the proverb _As coy as Croker's Mare_. This means +"as chary as a mare that carries crockery." + + She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare. + +J. Heywood, _Dialogue_ ii. 1 (1566). + +CROKERS. Potatoes are so called because they were first planted +in Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.--J. R. Planche, +_Recollections, etc_. ii. 119. + +CROM'WELL _(Oliver)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_. +_Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth_, who married John Claypole. Seeing her +father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and +lovingly led him away out of the room.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ +(time, Commonwealth). + +_Cromwell_ is called by the Preacher Burroughs "the archangel who did +battle with the devil." + +_Cromwell's Lucky Day_. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver +Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won +the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of +Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however, +true that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his +birthday was 25th April, 1599. + +_Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted_. Cromwell's dead body was, by the +sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its +grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows. + +[Illustration] Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was +broken open by Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in +various ways, and finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians, +who used every possible method to preserve dead bodies in their +integrity. + +The dead body of Admiral Coligny [_Co.leen.ye_] was similarly insulted +by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who +spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king +had the bad taste to say over it: + + Fragrance sweeter than a rose + Rises from our slaughtered foes. + +It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only +crime being that he was a Huguenot. + +CROOK-FINGERED JACK, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen +months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches +and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold), +six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three +periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him "a mighty +cleanhanded fellow," and adds: + +"Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't +know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence +of mind upon the road."--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_. I. 1 (1727). + +CROP _(George)_, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second +wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two +especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better +times are coming, and when the law-suit is over "we will have roast +pork for dinner every Sunday." The wife replies, "It shall be lamb." +"But I say it shall be pork." "I hate pork, I'll have lamb." "Pork, I +tell you." "I say lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have pork." The +other quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he +asks his wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns +obstinate, he turns angry; at length they agree that the person who +first speaks shall shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains +the victory.--P. Hoare, _No Song, no Supper_ (1754-1834). + +CROPLAND (_Sir Charles_), an extravagant, heartless libertine and man +of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on +his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his +personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter +of a "poor gentleman," he offers her "a house in town, the run of his +estate in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and £600 a year;" but +the lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such "splendid infamy." +At the end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the +most ample apologies to all whom he has offended.--G. Colman, _The +Poor Gentleman_ (1802). + +CROQUEMITAINE [_Croak.mit.tain_], the bogie raised by fear. Somewhere +near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress, which +appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the +difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself +vanished into thin air. + +_Croquemitaine_ is a romance in three parts; the first part is a +tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the +paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa +by Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress. +Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear +Fortress. + +CROQUIS (_Alfred_), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was attached +to a series of character-portraits in _Frazer's Magazine_ between the +years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870. + +CROS'BIE (_William_), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford +the lawyer. + +_Mrs. Crosbie_, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.--Sir +W. Scott. _Redgauntlet_, (time, George III.). + +CROSBITE (2 _syl_.), a barrister.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time +George III.). + +CROSS PURPOSES, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named +Bevil--Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards. +They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the +handsome daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the +father, and obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her +consent; and George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the +two elder brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the +contention of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding +they have all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering +that there are three of the same name. + +CROSS'MYLOOF, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, +George II.). + +CROTHAR, "Lord of Atha," in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He was +the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg ("bowmen") or Belgæ +from Britain who colonized the _southern_ parts of Ireland. Crothar +carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael or +Caledonians, who had colonized the _northern_ parts of Ireland and +held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch, +a Cael, he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was +himself slain by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became +general, "Blood poured on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with +ghosts." The Cael being reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the +grandfather of Fingal) sent Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief. +Conar, on his arrival in Ulster, was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg +being subdued, he called himself "the King of Ireland."--Ossian, +_Temora_, ii. + +_Crothar_, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho, +over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked +by Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own +dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son +Ossian with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of +Crothar, attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian +reached Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the +army and slew the chief.--Ossian, _Croma_. + +CROTO'NA'S SAGE, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief +school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.) + +CROWDE'RO, one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a +bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or +Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg +in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of +earning a living by playing on the _crowd_ or _crouth_ from ale-house +to ale-house.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1664). + +(The _crouth_ was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more +strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last +noted performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who +died 1720). + +CROWE _(Captain)_, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1 _syl_.), +in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a modern Don +Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza. + +CROWFIELD _(Christopher)_, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe +(1814-). + +CROWN. Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or "Baron of the +Holy Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had +only worn a crown of thorns. + +Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear +thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all. + + Canute (truth worthy to be known) + From that time forth did for his brows disown + The ostentatious symbol of a crown, + Esteeming earthly royalty + Presumptuous and vain. + +CROWNED AFTER DEATH. Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her +assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don +Pedro. (See INEZ DE CASTRO.) + +CROWQUILL _(Alfred)_, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of _Leaves from +my Memorandum-Book_ (1859), one of the artists of _Punch_ (1805-1872). + +CROYE _(Isabelle, countess of)_, a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke of +Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis lés +Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward +concludes the novel. + +_The Countess Hameline of Croye_, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First +disguised as Dame Perotte (2 _syl_.) at Plessis lés Tours; afterwards +married to William de la Marck.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ +(time, Edward IV). + +_Croye (Monseigneur de la_), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of +Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +CROYSA'DO _The Great_, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).--S. Butler, +_Hudibras_. + +CRUDOR _(Sir)_, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her +till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the +beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this +love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed +her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his +beard, as "passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor +being overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this +toll.--Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, v. 1. (1596). + +CRUEL _(The)_, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369). + +CRUIK'SHANKS _(Ebenezer)_, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. Sir +W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +CRUM'MLES _(Mr. Vincent_), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager of +the Portsmouth Theatre. + + It was necessary that the writer should, like + Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in + the interest of "the pump and washing-tubs."-- + P. Fitzgerald. + +_Mrs. Crummles_, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous, +tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady +Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full +of kindness, and always willing to help the needy. + +_Miss Ninetta Crummles_, daughter of the manager, and called in the +play-bills "the infant phenomenon."--C Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ +(1838). + +CRUNCHER (_Jerry_), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was +continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was +a "resurrection man."--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859). + +CRUPP _(Mrs.)_, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham +Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.--C. +Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849). + +CRUSHED BY ORNAMENTS. Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the Roman +citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the Sabine +bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the besiegers +on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they wore on +their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they passed +threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn by +the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G. +Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion: + + His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine + _[sic]_ maid, have not crushed him.--_Introductory + Essay to Longfellow_. + +CRUSOE _(Robinson)_, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe. +Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life +for many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by +ingenious contrivances (1719). + +(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch +sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited +island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four +months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to +England.) + + Was there ever anything written by mere + man that the reader wished longer except _Robinson + Crusoe, Don Quixote_ and _The Pilgrim's Progress!_--Dr. + Johnson. + +CRUTH-LODA, the war-god of the ancient Gaels. + + On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda: + the house of the spirits of men. In the end of + his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of + swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy + mists, his right hand is on his shield.--Ossian, + _Cath-Loda._ + +CUCKOLD KING _(The)_, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [_E. +seld_] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of +the Round Table. + +CUD'DIE or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady +Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ +(time, Charles II.). + +CUDDY, a herdsman, in Spenser's _Shephearde's Calendar._ + +_Cuddy_, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far +exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain, +repels the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of +their respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of +their contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, +pronounces that "both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds +are weary of the songs, and so am I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714). + +(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. iii.) + +CULDEES _(i.e. sequestered persons_), the primitive clergy +of presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill +_[I-columb-kill]_ by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563. +They also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld, +Kirkcaldy _[Kirk-Culdee]_, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some +say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop +of Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when +those who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of +the sect, and were not driven thence till 1203. + + Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees + Were Albyn's _[Scotland's]_ earliest priests of God, + Ere yet an island of her seas + By foot of Saxon monk was trod. + + Campbell, _Reullura_. + +CULLOCH _(Sawney)_ a pedlar.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, +George III.). + +CULPRIT FAY, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch +the spray-gem from the sturgeon's "silver bow," and light his torch +with a falling star.--Joseph Rodman Drake, _The Culprit Fay_ (1847). + +CUMBERLAND (_John of_). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a +blunder for "The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous +Scotch magician. + + He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber, + The only man renowned for magick skill. + Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill. + A. Munday, _John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber_ + (1595). + +_Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of_), commander-in-chief of +the army of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially +celebrated for his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called "The +Butcher" from the great severity with which he stamped out the clan +system of the Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at +the battle of Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in +_Waverley_ (time, George II.). + + Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain, + And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan. + Campbell, _Lochiel's Warning_. + +CUMBERLAND POET (_The_), William + +Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850). + +CUMNOR HALL, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had +been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses +and lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field, +which some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad +the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and +never more was that countess seen. + +[Illustration] Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his +_Kenihvorth_, which he called _Cumnor Hall_, but Constable, his +publisher, induced him to change the name. + +CUNÉGONDE _[Ku'.na.gond]_, the mistress of Candide (2 _syl_.). in +Voltaire's novel called _Candide_. Sterne spells it "Cunëgund." + +CUN'NINGHAM _(Archie)_, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at +Plessis lés Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin +Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +CU'NO, the ranger, father of Agatha.--Weber, _Der Freischütz_ (1822). + +CUNO'BELINE, a king of the Silurês, son of Tasciov'anus and father of +Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of "Cunobeline," and +the word "Camalodunum" _[Colchester]_, the capital of his kingdom. The +Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47 +Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner. + +Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's "Cymbeline," who reigned from +B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius, +his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius +Lucius. + + ... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin + Sank under Plautius' sword. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612). + +CUNSTANCE or CONSTANCE (See CUSTANCE). + +CUPID AND PSYCHE [_Si.ky_] an episode in _The Golden Ass_ of Apuleius. +The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psychê. He visited her +every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not +to attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her +prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on +his shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psychê now wandered in search +of the lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty. +Having suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and +she became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris +has poetized the same in his _Earthly Paradise_ ("May"); Lafontaine +has a poem called _Psyché_, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius; +and Molière has dramatized the subject. + +CU'PIDON (_Jean_). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron +(1798-1852). The count's father was styled _Le Beau d' Orsay._ + +CUR'AN, a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of _King Lear_ (1605). + +CURÉ DE MEUDON, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then +prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly curé of Meudon (1483-1553). + +CU'RIO, a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.--Shakespeare, +_Twelfth Night_ (1614). + +_Curio_. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him "the betrayer +of his country," alluding to the great statesman's change of politics. +Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of +Cæsar, but subsequently of Cæsar's party, and one of the victims of +the civil war. + + Is this the man in freedom's cause approved. + The man so great, so honored, so beloved ... + This Curio, hated now and scorned by all, + Who fell himself to work his country's fall? + Akenside, _Epistle to Curio_. + +CURIOUS IMPERTINENT (_The_), a tale introduced by Cervantês in his +_Don Quixote_. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly +enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to +storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the +fool is left to bewail his own folly.--Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605). + +CURRER BELL, the _nom de plume_ of Charlotte Brontê, author of _Jane +Eyre_ [_Air_] (1816-1855). + +CURTA'NA, the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, and +was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the +royal sword of England was so called. + + But when Curtana will not do the deed, + You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by, + And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly. + Dryden, _The Hind and the Panther_, ii. (1687). + +CURTA'NA or COURTAIN, the sword of Ogier the Dane. + + He [_Ogier_] drew Courtain his sword out of its + sheath. + W. Morris, _Earthly Paradise_, (634). + +CURT-HOSE (2 _syl_.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134). + +CURT-MANTLE, Henry II. of England + +(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which +was shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors. + +CURTIS, one of Petruchio's servants.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the +Shrew_ (1594). + +PARSON CUSHING, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits of +learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table, +thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his +tongue. He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture +texts, and gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the +doctrines of his denomination and would seal his faith with his blood, +but admits that "the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions) +are a very excellent statement of truth." He is Catholic without +suspecting it.--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_, (1878). + +CUSTANCE, daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan of +Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order +to marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding +breakfast slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked +in a ship, which was set adrift and in due time reached the British +shores, where Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of +Northumberland, who took her home, and placed her under the care of +his wife Hermegild. Custance converted both the constable and his +wife. A young knight wished to marry her, but she declined his suit, +whereupon he murdered Hermegild, and then laid the bloody knife beside +Custance, to make her suspected of the crime. King Alia examined the +case, and soon discovered the real facts, whereupon the knight was +executed, and the king married Custance. + +The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the +absence of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in +a ship, which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years, +it was taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and +Custance with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It +so happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage, +and encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland +and lived in peace and happiness the rest of her life.--Chaucer, +_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388). + +_Custance_, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes +to marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.--Nicholas TJdall, +_Ralph Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534). + +CUTE _(Alderman)_, a "practical philosopher," resolved to put down +everything. In his opinion "everything must be put down." Starvation +must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and +poverty.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ (1844). + +CUTHAL, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys. + +CUTHBERT _(St.)_, a Scotch monk of the sixth century. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of _Verdant Green_ +(1857.) + +CUTHO'NA, daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son of +Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated, +Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On +the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by +force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the +young men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died +also.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_. + +CUTHULLIN, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent during +the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of Sorglan. In +the poem called _Fingal_, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran, king of +Lochlin _[Scandinavia]_, and being ashamed to meet Fingal, retired +from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated Swaran, +invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his depressed +spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of Can'tela, +rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the lake +Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow. +Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon +dethroned by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.--Ossian, _Fingal_ and +_The Death of Cuthullin_. + +CUTLER _(Sir John)_, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the utmost +poverty. + +Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not +build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want +he could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples +crowned, 'Twas very want that sold them for two pound.... + +Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, "Virtue and wealth, what are +ye but a name?" Pope, _Moral Essays_, iii. (1709). + +CUTPURSE (_Moil_), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy +called _The Roaring Girl_ (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor, +who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse +once attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and +sent to Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and +died of dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his +drama called _Amends for Ladies_ (1618). + +CUTSHAMAQUIN, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious son +was "dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and +serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, "and +entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at +which his father burst forth into great weeping."--John Eliot, _The +Clear Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians_ (1648). + +CUTTLE (_Captain Edward_), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's +instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook +instead of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He +was in the habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to +overhaul the catechism till they found it;" but, he added, "when +found, make a note on." The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of +Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, whom he called "Wal'r." When +Florence left her father's roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the +Wooden Midshipman. One of his favorite sentiments was "May we never +want a friend, or a bottle to give him."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ +(1846). + +("When found, make a note of," is the motto of _Notes and Queries_.) + +CYC'LADES (3 _syl_.), some twenty islands, so called from the classic +legend that they _circled round_ Delos when that island was rendered +stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo. + +CYCLIC POETS, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or +additions to Homer's _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_; they were called "Cyclic" +because they confined themselves to the _cycle_ of the Trojan war. + +AG'IAS wrote an epic on "the return of the Greeks from Troy" (B.C. +740). + +ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the _Iliad_, describing the taking +of Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. Virgil has +copied from this poet (B.C. 776). + +EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the _Odyssey_. It contains the +adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he +reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and +Telegonos killed Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given +him (B.C. 568). + +LES'CHES, author of the _Little Iliad_, in four books, containing the +fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses, +and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708). + +STASI'NOS, "son-in-law" of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the +_Iliad_. + +CYCLOPS. Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See SINDBAD, +voy. 3). + +_Cyclops (The Holy)_. So Dryden in the _Masque of Albion and +Albanius_, calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator +in the "Ryehouse Plot." He had lost one eye, and was executed. + +CYDIP'PE (3 _syl_), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being +unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, "I swear by Diana that +Acontius shall be my husband." This apple was presented to the +maiden, and being persuaded that she had written the words, though +inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for "the oath's sake." + + Cydippe by a letter was betrayed, + Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid + Ovid, _Art of Love_, 1. + +CYL'LAROS, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (_Georg_. iii. +90), but of Castor according to Ovid _(Metam._ xii. 408). It was +coal-black, with white legs and tail. + +CYLLE'NIUS, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylenê, in Arcadia, where he +was born. + +CYM'BELINE (3 _syl_.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five years. +He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Cæsar. His father +was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans exacted of +Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Cæsar. Cymbeline married +twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who married +Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a former +husband.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605). + +CYMOCHLES _[Si. mok'.leez]_, brother of Pyroch'lês, son of Aeratês, +husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon, +but being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence, +and is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).--Spencer, _Faery Queen_, ii. 5, +etc. (1590). + +CYMOD'OCE (4 _syl_.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk. +iv. 12 of the _Faery Queen_, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as +Cymo'ent "daughter of Nereus" (2_syl_.) by an earth-born father, "the +famous Dumarin." + +CYMOENT. (See CYMODOCE.) + +CYM'RY, the Welsh. + +The Welsh always called themselves "Cym-ry", the literal meaning of +which is "aborigines." ... It is the same word as "Cimbri." ... They +call their language "Cymraeg," _i.e_, "the primitive tongue."--E. +Williams. + +CYNGÆI'ROS, brother of the poet Æschylos. When the Persians, after the +battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyngæiros seized one +of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he grasped +it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his +teeth, and lost his life. + +ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in +1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot; +but (supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse +sheered off. + +ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs +shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the +ship's mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants. + +JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the +prophet. One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this +also being cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last +his head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which +was thus detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to +Khaled. + +CYNE'THA(3 _syl._), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales). He +was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, Owen +and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of age +and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by exposing +them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accompanied +Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while Madoc was +in Wales preparing for his second voyage.--Southey, _Madoc_, i. 3 +(1805). + + Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cynëtha: + Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus. + _The Pentarchia_. + +CYNIC TUB (_The_), Diog'enês, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub, +and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line: + + [_They_] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub. + Milton, _Comus_, 708 (1634). + +CY'NOSURE (3 _syl_.), the pole-star. The word means "the dog's tail," +and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all +observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1 +_syl_.). + +CYN'THIA, the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in Dêlos. +Apollo is called "Cynthius." + + ... watching, in the night, + Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light. + Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 2 (1756). + +_Cyn'thia._ So Spenser, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, calls +Queen Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his +heart's eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in _The Purple Island_, iii., +also calls Queen Elizabeth "Cynthia." + + Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting.. + Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes... + Her looks were like beams of the morning sun + Forth looking thro' the windows of the east... + Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense + Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. + Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591). + +_Cyn'thia_, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady +Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 _syl_.). Sir Paul calls her +"Thy"--W. Congreve, _The Double Dealer_ (1694). + +CYN'THIA WARE. Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in Tennessee, +in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is sent to the +penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly for a +year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns that +he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time, he +returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon +Lost Creek. + + "His recollections were all vague, although at + some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially, + and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you + an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company + tergether.' He did not notice how pale + she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic + contraction of her features. She was + busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly + replied: 'Yes,--'though I always 'lowed ez I + counted on livin' single.'"--Charles Egbert Craddock, + _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1885). + +CYP'RIAN _(A)_, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island +Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria. + +_Cyp'rian (Brother)_, a Dominican monk at the monastery of +Holyrood.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +CYRENA'IC SHELL _(The)_, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a Greek +poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse are +still extant. + + For you the Cyrenaic shell + Behold I touch revering. + + Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_. + +CYR'IC _(St.)_, the saint to whom sailors address themselves. The St. +Elmo of the Welsh. + + The weary mariners + Called on St. Cyric's aid. + Southey, _Madoc_, i. 4 (1805). + +CYRUS AND TOM'YRIS. Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of Asia, +was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia. Tomyris +cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood, +saying, as she did so, "There, drink thy fill." Dantê refers to this +incident in his _Purgatory_, xii. + + Consyder Syrus ... + He whose huge power no man might overthrowe, + Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe, + His head dismembered from his mangled corps + Herself she cast into a vessel fraught + With clotted bloud of them that felt her force. + And with these words a just reward she taught-- + "Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught." + T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ + ("The Complaynt," 1587). + +CYTHERE'A, Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now _Cerigo_), a +mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite +(or Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit +affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by +Vulcan, and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus. + + He the fate [_May sing_] + Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained. + Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_. + +CYZE'NIS, the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one +that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own +children. + +CZAR (_Casar_), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who, +in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also +introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national +symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is _Samoderjetz_. +D'ACUNHA (_Teresa_), waiting-woman to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir +W. Scott, _Antiquary_ (time, George III.). + +DAFFODIL. When Perseph'onê, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little +maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather +_white_ daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell +asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to +become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden +yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of +Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the +meadows thenceforth abounded. + + She stepped upon Sicilian grass, + Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair, + A child of light, a radiant lass, + And gamesome as the morning air. + The daffodils were fair to see, + They nodded lightly on the lea; + Persephonê! Persephonê! + + Jean Ingelow, _Persephone_. + +DAGON, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2) +Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was +half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon, +Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the +"ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands +were broken off. + + Next came ... + Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man + And downward fish. + + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 457, etc. (1665). + +DAG'ONET (_Sir_), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two +squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram +soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their +horses and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60). + + King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well, + and made him knight; with his own hands; and + at every tournament he made King Arthur + laugh.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_. + ii. 97 (1470). + +Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he +was a student at Clement's Inn.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act ii. +sc. 2 (1598). + +[Illustration] Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other +instances, from the old romance. The _History_ says that King Arthur +made Dagonet knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him +passing well;" but Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him "a +mock-knight of the Round Table."--_The Last Tournament_, 1. + +DAISY MILLER. Mrs. Miller, _nouvelle riche_ and in true American +subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is +pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having "a good time" that she +falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation +and escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she +contracts Roman fever and dies.--Henry James, Jr., _Daisy Miller_ +(1878). + +DAL'DAH, Mahomet's favorite white mule. + +DALES (_The_), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of _John +Ward, Preacher_: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and dictatorial, +a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects, including +religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere dressing-gown, +and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to protect his +white head from draughts; reads "A Sentimental Journey;" looks at his +wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent fourth at +whist (1888). + +DALGA, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but Goltho +is saved by his friend Ulfinore.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died +1668). + +DALGARNO (_Lord Malcolm of_), a profligate young nobleman, son of +the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes +Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in "Alsatia." +Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Hermïonê excites the displeasure +of King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married +her. After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie, +the ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian +bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.). + +DALGETTY (_Dugald_,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with +the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune, +he is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of +Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him +in prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his +escape, locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain +Dalgetty was knighted. This "Ritt-master" is a pedant, very conceited, +full of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge, +a student of divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the +highest bidder. The character is original and well drawn.--Sir W. +Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the +campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island +of Swinemünde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald +Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters. + +DALTON (_Mrs._), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham +Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +_Dalton (Beginald)_, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart +(1832). + +DALZELL (_General Thomas_), in the royal army of Charles II.--Sir W. +Scott, _Old Mortality_ (1816). + +DAME DU LAC, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was "en la marche de la petite +Bretaigne;" "en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons et +moult riches." + +_Dame du Lac_, Sebille (2 _syl_.). Her castle was surrounded by a +river on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it. +Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of +his wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is +not in accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See +ARTHUR.)--_Perceforest_, i. 42. + +DAM'IAN, a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights +Templars.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +DAMIOT'TI (_Dr. Baptisti_), a Paduan quack, who exhibits "the +enchanted mirror" to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein +the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.--Sir +W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.). DAMIS +_[Dah.me]_, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 _syl_.), impetuous and +self-willed.--Molière, _Tartuffe_ (1664). + +DAMN WITH FAINT PRAISE. + + Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer, + And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer. + Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 201 (1734). + +DAMNO'NII, the people of Damnonium, that is, Cornwall, Devon, +Dorsetshire, and part of Somersetshire. This region, says Richard of +Cirencester (_Hist._ vi. 18), was much frequented by the Phoenician, +Greek, and Gallic merchants, for the metals with which it abounded, +and particularly for its tin. + + Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are, + The old Danmonii [_sic_] dwelt. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +DAMARIS WAINRIGHT. A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune, whose +mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly maturity +under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness is her +heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who has +striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction, and +makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits +down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished +mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia. + + "With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her + feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant + her failing reason struggled to consciousness + as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time + to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it + up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he + sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished + will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew + her lover was at the door, and she knew also + that the feet of doom had been swifter than those + of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward + and threw open the door." + + "'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which + pierced to every corner of the old mansion." + +Arlo Bates, _The Wheel of Fire_, (1885). + +DAM'OCLES (3 _syl_.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius _the +Elder_, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes, +Dionysius told him he would give him experimental proof thereof. +Accordingly he had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at +a sumptuous banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single +horsehair, and Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break +and the sword fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of +kings are threatened every hour of the day.--Cicero. + + Let us who have not our names in the Red + Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably + how miserable our betters may be, and that + Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is + served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging + over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or + hereditary disease, or family secret.--Thackeray, + _Vanity Fair_, xlvii. (1848). + +DAMOE'TAS, a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their +pastorals. + + And old Damoetas loved to hear our song. + Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638). + +DA'MON, a goat-herd in Virgil's third _Eclogue_. Walsh introduces the +same name in his _Eclogues_ also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman. + +DAMON AND DELIA. Damon asks Delia why she looks so coldly on him. She +replies because of his attention to Belvidêra. He says he paid these +attentions at her own request, "to hide the secret of their mutual +love." Delia confesses that his prudence is commendable, but his +acting is too earnest. To this he rejoins that she alone holds his +heart; and Delia replies: + + Tho' well I might your truth mistrust, + My foolish heart believes you just; + Reason this faith may disapprove, + But I believe, because I love. + +Lord Lyttleton. + +DAMON AND MUSIDO'RA, two lovers who misunderstood each other. Musidora +was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference; but one +day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden that +she at once accepted his proffered love.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ +("Summer," 1727). + +DA'MON AND PYTH'IAS. Damon, a senator of Syracuse, was by nature +hot-mettled, but was schooled by Pythagore'an philosophy into a Stoic +coldness and slowness of speech. He was a fast friend of the republic, +and when Dionysius was made "King" by a vote of the senate, Damon +upbraided the betrayers of his country, and pronounced Dionysius a +"tryant." For this he was seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius, +he was condemned to instant death. Damon now craved respite for four +hours to bid farewell to his wife and child, but the request was +denied him. On his way to execution, his friend Pythias encountered +him, and obtained permission of Dionysius to become his surety, and to +die in his stead, if within four hours Damon did not return. Dionysius +not only accepted the bail, but extended the leave to six hours. When +Damon reached his country villa, Lucullus killed his horse to prevent +his return; but Damon, seizing the horse of a chance traveler, reached +Syracuse just as the executioner was preparing to put Pythias to +death. Dionysius so admired this proof of friendship, that he forgave +Damon, and requested to be taken into his friendship. + +This subject was dramatized in 1571 by Richard Edwards, and again in +1825 by John Banim. + +(The classic name of _Pythias_ is "Phintias.") + +DAMSEL OR DAMOISEAU (in Italian, _donzel_; in Latin, _domisellus_); +one of the gallant youths domiciled in the _maison du roi._ These +youths were always sons of the greater vassals. Louis VII. _(le +Jeune_) was called "The Royal Damsel;" and at one time the royal +body-guard was called "The King's Damsells." + +DAMSEL OF BRITTANY, Eleanor, daughter of Godffrey (second son of Henry +II. of England). After the death of Arthur, his sister Eleanor was +next in succession to the crown, but John, who had caused Arthur's +death, confined Eleanor in Bristol Castle, where she remained till her +death, in 1241. + +D'AMVILLE (2 _syl_), "the atheist," with the assistance of Borachio, +murdered Montferrers, his brother, for his estates.--Cyril Tourneur, +_The Atheists Tragedy_ (seventeenth century). + +DAM'YAN (2 _syl_.), the lover of May (the youthful bride of January, a +Lombard knight, 60 years of age).--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The +Merchant's Tale," 1388). + +DAN OF THE HOWLET HIRST, the dragon of the revels at Kennaquhair +Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ and _The Monastery_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +DAN'AE, (3 _syl_.), an Argive princess, visited by Zeus [Jupiter] +in the form of a shower of gold, while she was confined in an +inaccessible tower. + +DANAID (3 _syl_), Dan'aus had fifty daughters, called the Danaïds or +Dana'ïdês. These fifty women married the fifty sons of Ægyptus, and +(with one exception) murdered their husbands on the night of their +espousals. For this crime they were doomed in Hadês to pour water +everlastingly into sieves. + + Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove + The Danaid of a leaky vase. + +Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii. + +DANCING CHANCELLOR _(The)_, Sir Christopher Hatton, who attracted the +attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing, at a masque. She +took him into favor, and made him both Chancellor and knight of the +Garter (died 1591). + +[Illustration] Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XIV., owed his +fortune to his grace in dancing in the king's quadrille. + +Many more than one nobleman owed the favor he enjoyed at court to +the way he pointed his toe or moved his leg.--A. Dumas, _Taking the +Bastile._ + +DANCING WATER _(The)_, from the Burning forest. This water had the +power of imparting youthful beauty to those who used it. Prince Chery, +aided by a dove, obtained it for Fairstar. + + The dancing water is the eighth wonder of + the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them + young again, and even enriches them.--Comtesse + D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar," + 1682). + +DANDIES _(The Prince of_), Beau Brummel (1778-1840). + +DANDIN _(George)_, a rich French tradesman, who marries Ang'elique, +the daughter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and has the "privilege" +of paying-off the family debts, maintaining his wife's noble parents, +and being snubbed on all occasions to his heart's content. He +constantly said to himself; in self-rebuke, _Vous Vavez voulu, vous +Vavez voulu, George Dandin!_ ("You have no one to blame but yourself! +you brought it on yourself, George Dandin!") + + Vous l'avez voulu, vous l'avez voulu, George + Dandin! vous l'avez voulu!... vous avez juste-ment + ce que vous meritez.--Molière, _George + Dandin_, i. 9 (1668). + + "Well, _tu l'as voulu_, George Dandin," she said, + with a smile, "you were determined on it, and + must bear the consequences."--Percy Fitzgerald, + _The Parvenu Family_, ii. 262. + +[Illustration] There is no such phrase in the comedy as _Tu l'as +voulu_, it is always _Vous Vavez voulu_. + +DAN'DOLO _(Signor)_, a friend to Fazio in prosperity, but who turns +from him when in disgrace. He says: + + Signor, I am paramount + In all affairs of boot and spur and hose; + In matters of the robe and cap supreme; + In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal + From my irrefragibility. + +Dean Milman, _Fazio_, ii. I (1815). + +DANGEAU _(Jouer a la_), to play as good a hand at cards as Phillippe +de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1638-1720). + +DAN'GERFLELD _(Captain)_, a hired witness in the "Popish Plot"--Sir W. +Scott, _Pe-veril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DANGLE, a gentleman bitten with the theatrical mania, who annoys a +manager with impertinent flattery and advice. It is said that Thomas +Vaughan, a playwright of small reputation, was the original of this +character.--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (see act i. I), (1779). + +DAN'HASCH, one of the genii who did not "acknowledge the great +Solomon." + +When the Princess Badoura in her sleep was carried to the bed of +Prince Camaral'zaman that she might see him, Danhasch changed himself +into a flea, and bit her lip, at which Badoura awoke, saw the prince +sleeping by her side, and afterwards became his wife.--_Arabian +Nights_ ("Camaralzarnan and Badoura.") + +DANIEL, son of Widow Lackitt; a wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of +the softest mould, whom Lucy Weldon marries for his money.--Thomas +Southern, _Oroonoko_ (1696). + +DAN'NISCHEMEND, the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel's +narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.). + +DANTÊ AND BEATRICE. Some say that Beatrice, in Dantê's _Divina +Commedia_, merely personifies faith; others think it a real character, +and say she was the daughter of the illustrious family of Portinari, +for whom the poet entertained a purely platonic affection. She +meets the poet after he has been dragged through the river Lethê +_(Purgatory_, xxxi), and conducts him through paradise. Beatrice +Portina'ri married Simon de Bardi, and died at the age of 24; Dante +was a few months older. + + Some persons say that Dante meant Theology + By Beatrice, and not a mistress; I ... + Deem this a commentator's phantasy. + +Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 11 (1820). + +DANTÊ AND-VIRGIL. Virgil was Dante's poetic master and is described as +conducting him through the realms depicted in the _Divina Commedia_. + +[Illustration] The poet married Gemma, of the powerful house of +Donati. (See LOVES). + +_Dantê's Beard_. All the pictures of + +Dantê which I have seen represent him without any beard or hair on his +face at all; but in _Purgatory_, xxxi., Beatrice says to him, "Raise +thou thy beard, and lo! what sight shall do," _i.e._ lift up your face +and look about you; and he adds, "No sooner lifted I mine aspect up +... than mine eyes _(encountered)_ Beatrice." + +DAN DEVEREUX. A young Nantucket giant married to a dainty waif rescued +in infancy from the sea. He marries her because she is homeless +and seems to be in love with him. When too late, he knows that his +affections are another's, and sees his wife fascinated by a handsome +French adventurer. In an attempt to elope, the wife and her lover are +wrecked, and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by the "terrible South +Breaker--plunging and rearing and swelling, a monstrous billow, +sweeping and swooping and rocking in." Dan in later life, marries +Georgia, his first love.--Harriet Prescott Spofford, _The South +Breaker_ (1863). + +DANTON OF THE CEVENNES. Pierre Seguier, prophet and preacher of +Magistavols, in France. He was a leader amongst the Camisards. + +DANVERS _(Charles)_, an embyro barrister of the Middle Temple.--C. +Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman._ + +DAPH'NE (2 _syl_.)., daughter of Sileno and Mysis, and sister of Nysa. +The favorite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in the character of a +shepherd lad named "Pol."--Kate O'Hara, _Midas_ (a burletta, 1778). + +(In classic mythology Daphnê fled from the amorous god, and escaped by +being changed into a laurel.) + +DAPH'NIS, a beautiful Sicilian shepherd, the inventor of bucolic +poetry. He was a son of Mercury, and friend both of Pan and Apollo. + + _Daph'nis_, the modest shepherd. + + This is that modest shepherd, he + That only dare salute, but ne'er could be + Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or sing, + Whisper, or boldly ask. + + John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 3 + (1610). + +DAPH'NIS AND CHLO'E, a prose pastoral love story in Greek, by Longos +(a Byzantine), not unlike the tale of _The Gentle Shepherd_, by Allan +Ramsay. Gessner has also imitated the Greek romance in his idyll +called _Daphnis_. In this lovestory Longos says he was hunting in +Lesbos, and saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs a beautiful +picture of children exposed, lovers plighting their faith, and the +incursions of pirates, which he now expresses and dedicates to Pan, +Cupid, and the nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover of Chloê. + +DAPPER, a lawyer's clerk, who went to Subtle "the alchemist," to be +supplied with "a familiar" to make him win in horse-racing, cards, +and all games of chance. Dapper is told to prepare himself for an +interview with the fairy queen by taking "three drops of vinegar in +at the nose, two at the mouth, and one at either ear," "to cry _hum_ +thrice and _buzz_ as often."--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610). + +DAPPLE, the donkey ridden by Sancho Panza, in Cervantês' romance of +_Don Quixote_ (1605-1615). + +DARBY AND JOAN. This ballad, called _The Happy Old Couple_, is printed +in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, v. 153 (March, 1735). + +It is also in Plumtre's _Collections of Songs_, 152 (Camb. 1805), with +the music. The words are sometimes attributed to Prior, and the first +line favors the notion: "Dear _Chloe_, while thus beyond measure;" +only Prior always spells _Chloe_ without "h." + +Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, loving couple, wholly averse to +change of any sort. It is generally said that Henry Woodfall was the +author of the ballad, and that the originals were John Darby (printer, +of Bartholomew Close, who died 1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall +served his apprenticeship with John Darby. + + "You may be a Darby _[Mr. Hardcastle]_, but + I'll be no Joan, I promise you."--Goldsmith, _She + Stoops to Conquer_, i. 1 (1773). + +DRADU-LE'NA, the daughter of Foldath, general of the Fir-bolg or Belgæ +settled in the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell in battle, + + His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to + Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream, + where she slept, returning from the chase of + hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung ... + Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of + heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood + her wounded father seemed to come. He appeared + at times, then hid himself in mist. + Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that + the chief was low ... Thou wert the last of his + race, O blue-eyed Dardu-Lena!--Ossian, _Temora_, + v. + +DARGO, the spear of Ossian, son of Fingal.--Ossian, _Calthon and +Colmal_. + +DAR'GONET, "the Tall," son of Astolpho, and brother of Paradine. +In the fight provoked by Oswald against Duke Grondibert, which was +decided by four combatants against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo +the Little. Dargonet and his brother were rivals for the love of +Lora.--Sir Wm. Davenant, _Gondibert_, i. (died 1668). + +DARI'US AND HIS HORSE. The seven candidates for the throne of Persia +agreed that he should be king whose horse neighed first. As the horse +of Darius was the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed king. + + That brave Scythian + Who found more sweetness in his horse's neighing + Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing. + +Lord Brooke. + +DARLEMONT, guardian and maternal uncle of Julio of Harancour; formerly +a merchant. He takes possession of the inheritance of his ward by foul +means, but is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, and tyrannical. +Every one fears him; no one loves him.--Thorn. Holcroft, _Deaf and +Dumb_ (1785.) + +DARLING _(Grace)_, daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper on +Longs tone, one of the Fame Islands. On the morning of September 7, +1838, Grace and her father saved nine of the crew of the _Forfarshire_ +steamer, wrecked among the Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Castle +(1815-1842). + +DARNAY _(Charles)_, the lover and afterwards the husband of Lucie +Manette. He bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, and was a noble +character, worthy of Lucie. His real name was Evrémonde.--C. Dickens, +_A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859.) + +DARNEL _(Aurelia)_, a character in Smollet's novel entitled _The +Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760). + +DARNLEY, the _amant_ of Charlotte [Lambert], in _The Hypocrite_, by +Isaac Bicker-staff. In Molière's comedy of _Tartuffe_, Charlotte is +called "Mariane," and Darnley is "Valère." + +DAR'-THULA, daughter of Colla, and "fairest of Erin's maidens." She +fell in love with Nathos, one of the three sons of Usnoth, lord of +Etha (in Argyllshire). Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with her, +but his suit was rejected. Nathos was made commander of King Cormac's +army at the death of Cuthullin, and for a time upheld the tottering +throne. But the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and at length found +means to murder the young king; whereupon the army under Nathos +deserted. Nathos was now obliged to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled +with him. A storm drove the vessel back to Ulster, where Cairbar was +encamped, and Nathos, with his two brothers, being overpowered by +numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was arrayed as a young warrior; but when her +lover was slain "her shield fell from her arm; her breast of snow +appeared, but it was stained with blood. An arrow was fixed in +her side," and her dying blood was mingled with that of the three +brothers.--Ossian, _Dar-Thula_ (founded on the story of "Deirdri," i. +_Trans, of the Gaelic Soc_.) + +DAR'TLE (_Rosa_), companion of Mrs. Steerforth. She loved Mrs. +Steerforth's son, but her love was not reciprocated. Miss Dartle is a +vindictive woman, noted for a scar on her lip, which told tales when +her temper was aroused. This scar was from a wound given by young +Steerforth, who struck her on the lip when a boy.--C. Dickens, _David +Copperfield_ (1849). + +DARWIN'S MISSING LINK, the link between the monkey and man. According +to Darwin, the present host of animal life began from a few elemental +forms, which developed, and by natural selection propagated certain +types of animals, while others less suited to the battle of life died +out. Thus, beginning with the larvae of ascidians (a marine mollusc,) +we get by development to fish lowly organized (as the lancelet), +thence to ganoids and other fish, then to amphibians. From amphibians +we get to birds and reptiles, and thence to mammals, among which comes +the monkey, between which and man is a MISSING LINK. + +DASHALL (_The Hon. Tom_), cousin of Tally-ho. The rambles and +adventures of these two blades are related by Pierce Egan (1821-1822). + +D'ASUMAR (_Count_), an old Nestor who fancied nothing was so good as +when he was a young man. + + "Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable + to those I knew heretofore; and the tournaments + are not performed with half the magnificence as + when I was a young man...." Seeing some + fine peaches served up, he observed, "In my + time, the peaches were much larger than they + are at present; natures degenerates every day." + "At that rate," said his companion, smiling, + "the peaches of Adam's time must have been + wonderfully large."--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 7 + (1724). + +DAUGHTER (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (1836). Marian, "daughter" of +Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed to Edward, a sailor, who went on +his last voyage, and intended then to marry her. During his absence a +storm at sea arose, a body was washed ashore, and Robert went down to +plunder it. Marian went to look for her father and prevent his robbing +those washed ashore by the waves, when she saw in the dusk some one +stab a wrecked body. It was Black Norris, but she thought it was her +father. Robert being taken up Marian gave witness against him, and he +was condemned to death. Norris said he would save her father if she +would marry him, and to this she consented; but on the wedding day +Edward returned. Norris was taken up for murder, and Marian was saved. + +DAUGHTER WITH HER MURDERED FATHER'S HEAD. Margaret Roper, daughter of +Sir Thomas More, obtained privately the head of her father, which had +been exposed for some days on London Bridge, and buried it in St. +Dunstan's Church, Canterbury (1835). Tennyson alludes to this in the +following lines:-- + + Morn broadened on the borders of the dark, + Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance + Her murdered father's head. + +The head of the young earl of Derwent-water was exposed on Temple Bar +in 1716. His wife drove in a cart under the the arch, and a man, hired +for the purpose, threw the young earl's head into the cart, that it +might be decently buried--Sir Bernard Burke Mdlle. de Sombreuil, +daughter of the Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the sharing her +father's prison during the "Reign of Terror," and in accompanying him +to the guillotine. + +DAUPHIN _(Le Grand_), Louis duc de Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis +XIV., for whom was published the _Delphine Classics_ (1661-1711). + +_Dauphin (Le Petit)_, son of the "Grand Dauphin" (1682-1712). + +DAURA, daughter of Armin. She was betrothed to Armar, son of Armart, +Erath a rival lover having been rejected by her. One day, disguised as +an old grey-beard, Erath told Daura that he was sent to conduct her +to Armar, who was waiting for her. Without suspicion she followed her +guide, who took her to a rock in the midst of the sea, and there left +her. Her brother Arindal, returning from the chase, saw Erath on the +shore, and bound him to an oak; then pushing off the boat, went to +fetch back his sister. At this crisis Armar came up, and discharged +his arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck Arindal, and killed him. "The +boat broke in twain," and Armar plunged into the sea to rescue his +betrothed; but a "sudden blast from the hills struck him, and he sank +to rise no more." Daura was rescued by her father, but she haunted the +shore all night in a drenching rain. Next day "her voice grew very +feeble; it died away; and spent with grief, she expired." Ossian, +_Songs of Selma_. + +DAVENANT (_Lord_), a bigamist. One wife was Marianne Dormer, whom +he forsook in three months. It was given out that he was dead, and +Marianne in time married Lord Davenant's son. His other wife was +Louisa Travers, who was engaged to Captain Dormer, but was told that +the Captain was faithless and had married another. When the villainy +of his lordship could be no longer concealed he destroyed himself. + +_Lady Davenant_, one of the two wives of Lord Davenant. She was "a +faultless wife," with beauty to attract affection, and every womanly +grace. + +_Charles Davenant_, a son of Lord Davenant, who married Marianne +Dormer, his father's wife.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious Husband_ +(1783). + +_Davenant (Will)_, a supposed descendant from Shakespeare, +and Wildrake's friend,--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the +Commonwealth). + +DAVENPORT (_Colonel_), a Revolutionary veteran who, fighting the +battle of Long Island over again in Parson Cushing's family, admits +that General Washington poured out "a terrible volley of curses." + +"And he swore?" objects Parson Gushing. + +"It was not profane swearing. It was not taking GOD'S name in vain, +for it sent us back as if we had been chased by lightning. It was +an awful hour, and he saw it. It was life or death; country or no +country."--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_ (1878). + +DAVID, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_ is meant for +Charles II. As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled against him, +so the Duke of Monmouth rebelled against his father Charles II. As +Achitophel was a traitorous counsellor to David, so was the Earl of +Shaftesbury to Charles II. As Hushaï outwitted Achitophel, so Hyde +(duke of Eochester) outwitted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc. + + Auspicious prince. + Thy longing country's darling and desire, + Their cloudy pillar, and their guardian fire ... + The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme, + The young men's vision and the old men's dream. + +Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681). + +_David_, king of North Wales, eldest son of Owen, by his second wife. +Owen died in 1169. David married Emma Plantagenet, a Saxon princess. +He slew his brother Hoel and his half-brother Yorworth (son of Owen +by his first wife), who had been set aside from the succession in +consequence of a blemish in the face. He also imprisoned his brother +Rodri, and drove others into exile. Madoc, one of his brothers, went +to America, and established there a Welsh colony.--Southey, _Madoc_ +(1805). + +DAVID SOVINE. Witness in a murder case in Edward Eggleston's novel +_The Graysons._ He is put upon the stand and tells a plausible story +of "the shooting," which he claims to have seen. The prosecutor then +hands him over to the prisoner's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose +cross-examination of the wretched man concludes thus: + +"Why does David Sovine go to all this trouble to perjure himself? Why +does he wish to swear away the life of that young man who never did +him any harm? Because that witness shot and killed George Lockwood +himself. I move your honor that David Sovine be arrested at once for +murder!" (1888). + +DAVID SWAN. A native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents who +has had a "classic finish" by a year at Grilmanton Academy. He lies +down to sleep at noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his head on a +bundle of clothing. While sound asleep in the shade, he is passed by +many people on the road. Five or six pause to survey the youth and +comment upon him. Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts to the top, +and bowls away, unconscious that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and +of Death had visited him in the brief hour since he lay down to +sleep.--Nathaniel Hawthorn, _Twice-told Tales_, (1851.) + +_David (St.)_, son of Xantus, prince of Cereticu _(Cardiganshire)_ and +the nun Malearia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. St. David first +embraced the ascetic life in the Isle of Wight, but subsequently +removed to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, where he founded twelve +convents. In 577 the archbishop of Caerleon resigned his see to +him, and St. David removed the seat of it to Menevia, which was +subsequently called St. David's and became the metropolis of Wales. He +died at the age of 146, in the year 642. The waters of Bath "owe their +warmth and salutary qualities to the benediction of this saint." +Drayton says he lived in the valley of Ewias (2 _syl_.), between the +hills of Hatterill, in Monmouthshire. + + Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown, + In which not to this day the sun hath ever shown. + That reverend British saint in zealous ages past, + To contemplation lived. + +_Polyolbion_, iv. (1612.) + +DAVID AND JONATHAN, inseparable friends. The allusion is to David the +Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. David's lamentation at the +death of Jonathan was never surpassed in pathos and beauty.--2 +_Samuel_, i. 19-27. + +DAVIE DEBET, debt. + + So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy hall, + Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand, + And bids thee welcome to thine own decay. + +G. Gascoigne, _Magnum Vectigal, etc_. (died 1775). + +DAVIE OF STENHONSE, a friend of Hobbie Elliott.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +DAVIES (_John_), an old fisherman employed by Joshua Geddes the +quaker.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III). + +DA'VUS, a plain, uncouth servitor; a common name for a slave in Greek +and Roman plays, as in the _Andria_ of Terence. + + His face made of brass, like a vice in a game. + His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth name. + +T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, liv. (1557). + +_Davus sum, non Oedipus._ I am a homely man, and do not understand +hints, innuendoes, and riddles, like Oedipus. Oedipus was the +Theban who expounded the riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his +countrymen. Davus was the stock name of a servant or slave in Latin +comedies. The proverb is used by Terence, _Andria_, 1, 2, 23. + +DAVY, the varlet of Justice Shallow, who so identifies himself with +his master that he considers himself half host half varlet. Thus when +he seats Bardolph and Page at table, he tells them they must take +"his" good will for their assurance of welcome.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry +IV_. (1598). + +DAW (_Sir David_), a rich, dunder-headed baronet of Monmouthshire, +without wit, words, or worth, but believing himself somebody, and +fancying himself a sharp fellow, because his servants laugh at his +good sayings, and his mother calls him a wag. Sir David pays his suit +to Miss [Emily] Tempest; but as the affections of the young lady are +fixed on Henry Woodville, the baron goes to the wall.--Cumberland, +_The Wheel of Fortune_ (1779). + +_Daw (Marjorie)_ Edward Delaney, writing to another young fellow, John +Flemming, confined in town in August by a broken leg, interests him +in a charming girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has met in his +(Delaney's) summering-place. His description of her ways, sayings and +looks so works upon the imagination of the invalid that he falls madly +in love with her--_without_ sight. As soon as he can travel he rushes +madly down to "The Pines" where his friend is staying, and finds +instead of Delaney a letter: + +... "I tried to make a little romance to interest you, something +soothing and idyllic, and by Jove! I've done it only too well ... I +fly from the wrath to come--when you arrive! For, O, dear Jack, there +isn't any colonial mansion on the other side of the road, there isn't +any piazza, there isn't any hammock,--there isn't any Marjorie Daw!" + +Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Marjorie Daw_ (1873). + +DAWFYD, "the one-eyed" freebooter chief.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +DAWKINS (_Jack_), known by the sobriquet of the "Artful Dodger." He +is one of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young scamp of unmitigated +villainy, and full of artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper.--C. +Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837). + +DAWSON (_Bully_), a London sharper, bully, and debauchee of the +seventeenth century.--See _Spectator_, No. 2. + +Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half the town kicked by +Bully Dawson.--Charles Lamb. + +_Dawson (Jemmy)._ Captain James Dawson was one of the eight officers +belonging to the Manchester volunteers in the service of Charles +Edward, the young pretender. He was a very amiable young man, engaged +to a young lady of family and fortune, who went in her carriage to +witness his execution for treason. When the body was drawn, _i.e._ +embowelled, and the heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed, "James +Dawson!" and expired. Shenstone has made this the subject of a tragic +ballad. + + Young Dawson was a gallant youth, + A brighter never trod the plain; + And well he loved one charming maid, + And dearly was he loved again. + +Shenstone, _Jemmy Dawson_. + +_Dawson (Phoebe)_, "the pride of Lammas Fair," courted by all the +smartest young men of the village, but caught "by the sparkling +eyes" and ardent words of a tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before +marriage, and after marriage he turned a "captious tyrant and a noisy +sot." Poor Phoebe drooped, "pinched were her looks, as one who pined +for bread," and in want and sickness she sank into an early tomb. This +sketch is one of the best in Crabbe's _Parish Register_ (1807). + +DAY (_Justice_), a pitiable hen-pecked husband, who always addresses +his wife as "duck" or "duckie." + +_Mrs. Day_, wife of the "justice," full of vulgar dignity, +overbearing, and loud. She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her +husband's father; but being raised from the kitchen to the parlor, +became my lady paramount. + +In the comedy from which this farce is taken, "Mrs. Day" was the +kitchen-maid in the family of Colonel Careless, and went by the name +of Gillian. In her exalted state she insisted on being addressed as +"Your honor" or "Your ladyship." + +Margaret Woffington [1718-1760], in "Mrs. Day," made no scruples to +disguise her beautiful face by drawing on it the lines of deformity, +and to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar manners of an old +hypocritical city vixen.--Thomas Davies. + +_Abel Day_, a puritanical prig, who can do nothing without Obadiah. +This "downright ass" (act i. I) aspires to the hand of the heiress +Arabella.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_. + +This farce is a mere _réchauffé_ of _The Committee_, a comedy by +the Hon. Sir R. Howard (1670). The names of "Day," "Obadiah," and +"Arabella" are the same. + +_Day (Ferquhard)_, the absentee from the clan Chattan ranks at the +conflict.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +DAY OF THE DUPES, November 11, 1630. The dupes were Marie de Medicis, +Anne of Austria, and Gaston, duc d'Orléans, who were outwitted by +Cardinal Richelieu. The plotters had induced Louis XIII. to dismiss +his obnoxious minister, whereupon the cardinal went at once to resign +the seals of office; the king repented, re-established the cardinal, +and he became more powerful than ever. + +DAYS RECURRENT IN THE LIVES OF GREAT MEN. + +BECKET. Tuesday was Becket's day. He was born on a Tuesday, and on +a Tuesday was assassinated. He was baptized on a Tuesday, took his +flight from Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew to France on a Tuesday, +had his vision of martydom on a Tuesday, returned to England on a +Tuesday, his body was removed from the crypt to the shrine on a +Tuesday, and on Tuesday (April 13, 1875) Cardinal Manning consecrated +the new church dedicated to St. Thomas à Becket. + +CROMWELL'S day was September 3. On September 3, 1650, he won the +battle of Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won the battle of +Worcester; on September 3, 1658, he died. + +HAROLD'S day was October 14. It was his birthday, and also the day of +his death. William the Conqueror was born on the same day, and, on +October 14, 1066, won England by conquest. + +NAPOLEON'S day was August 15, his birthday; but his his "lucky" day, +like that of his nephew, Napoleon III., was the 2nd of the month. He +was made consul for life on August 2, 1802; was crowned December +2, 1804; won his greatest battle, that of Austerlitz, for which +he obtained the title of "Great," December 2, 1805; married the +archduchess of Austria, April 2, 1810; etc. + +NAPOLEON III. The _coup d'état_ was December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon +was made emperor December 2, 1852; he opened, at Saarbrück, the +Franco-German war August 2, 1870; and surrendered his sword to William +of Prussia, September 2, 1870. + +DAZZLE, in _London Assurance_, by D. Boucicault. + + "Dazzle" and "Lady Gay Spanker" "act + themselves," and will never be dropped out of + the list of acting plays.--Percy Fitzgerald. + +DE BOURGO (_William_), brother of the earl of Ulster and commander of +the English forces that defeated Felim O'Connor (1315) at Athunree, in +Connaught. + + Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [_Irish infantry_] + Beneath De Bourgo's battle stern. + +Campbell, _O'Connor's Child_. + +DE COURCY, in a romance called _Women_, by the Rev. C.R. Maturin. An +Irishman, made up of contradictions and improbabilities. He is in love +with Zaira, a brilliant Italian, and also with her unknown daughter, +called Eva Wentworth, a model of purity. Both women are blighted by +his inconstancy. Eva dies, but Zaira lives to see De Courcy perish of +remorse (1822). + +DE GARD, a noble staid gentleman, newly lighted from his travels; +brother of Oria'na, who "chases" Mi'rabel "the wild goose," and +catches him.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652). + +DE L'EPÈE (_Abbe_). Seeing a deaf and dumb lad abandoned in the +streets of Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up under the name of +Theodore. The foundling turned out to be Julio, count of Harancour. + +"In your opinion, who is the greatest genius that France has ever +produced?" "Science would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [_would_] say +Buffon; Wit and Taste [_would_] present Voltaire; and Sentiment plead +for Rousseau; but Genius and Humanity cry out for De l'Epee, and him +I call the best and greatest of human creatures."--Th. Holcroft, _The +Deaf and Dumb_, iii. 2. (1785). + +DE VALMONT (_Count_), father of Florian and uncle of Geraldine. During +his absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, the Baron Longueville, +guardian of his castle; but under the hope of coming into the +property, the baron set fire to the castle, intending thereby to kill +the wife and her infant boy. When De Valmont returned and knew his +losses, he became a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, frantic at +times, and at times most melancholy. He adopted an infant "found in a +forest," who turned out to be his son. His wife was ultimately found, +and the villainy of Longueville was brought to light.--W. Dimond, _The +Foundling of the Forest._ + +Many "De Valmonts" I have witnessed in fifty-four years, but have +never seen the equal of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].--Donaldson. + +DEAF AND DUMB (_The_), a comedy by Thomas Holcroft. "The deaf and +dumb" boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward of M. Darlemont, who, +in order to get possession of his ward's property, abandons him when +very young in the streets of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abbé De +l'Epèe, who brings him up under the name of Theodore. The boy being +recognized by his old nurse and others, Darlemont confesses his crime, +and Julio is restored to his rank and inheritance.--Th. Holcroft, _The +Deaf and Dumb_ (1785). + +DEAN OF ST. PATRICK (_The_), Jonathan Swift, who was appointed to the +deanery in 1713, and retained it till his death. (1667-1745). + +DEANS (_Douce Davie_), the cowherd at Edinburgh, noted for his +religious peculiarities, his magnanimity in affection, and his +eccentricities. + +_Mistress Rebecca Deans_, Douce Davie's second wife. + +_Jeanie Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his first wife. She +marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. Jeanie Deans is +a model of good sense, strong affection, resolution, and +disinterestedness. Her journey from Edinburgh to London is as +interesting as that of _Elizabeth_ from Siberia to Moscow, or of +Bunyan's pilgrim. + +_Effie [Euphemia] Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his second +wife. She is betrayed by George [afterward Sir George] Staunton +(called _Geordie Robertson_) and imprisoned for child-murder. Jeanie +goes to the queen and sues for pardon, which is vouchsafed to her, +and Staunton does what he can to repair the mischief he has done by +marrying Effie, who thus becomes Lady Staunton. Soon after this Sir +George is shot by a gypsy boy, who proves to be his own son, and +Effie retires to a convent on the Continent.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of +Midlothian_ (time, George II). + +[Illustration] J.E.Millais has a picture of Effie Deans keeping tryst +with George Staunton. + +[Illustration] The prototype of Jeanie Deans was Helen Walker, to +whose memory Sir W. Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray churchyard +(Kirkcudbright). + +DEAN (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal church, official who brings a +charge of heretical opinions and blacksliding against his pastor's +wife in _John Ward, Preacher_, Margaret Deland (1888). + +DEATH OR MORS. So did Tennyson call Sir Ironside the Red Knight of the +Red Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Lionês) captive in Castle Perilous. +The name "Mors," which is Latin, is very inconsistent with a +purely British tale, and of course does not appear in the original +story.--Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette"); Sir T. Malory, +_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 134-137 (1470). + +DEATH FROM STRANGE CAUSES. + +Æschylus was killed by the fall of a tortoise on his head from the +claws of an eagle in the air.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7. + +Agath'ocles (4 _syl_.), tyrant of Sicily, was killed by a tooth-pick, +at the age of 95. + +Anacreon was choked by a grape stone.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7. + +Bassus (_Q. Lucilius_) died from the prick of a fine needle in his +left thumb. + +Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of laughter at the thought of his +having outlived the time predicted for his death. + +Charles VIII., conducting his queen into a tennis-court, struck his +head against the lintel, and it caused his death. + +Fabius, the Roman praetor, was choked by a single goat-hair in the +milk which he was drinking.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7. + +Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales, died from the blow of a cricket +ball. + +Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, because (in observance of +the rule of St. Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of anything. + +Louis VI. met with his death from a pig running under his horse, and +causing it to stumble. Margutte died of laughter on seeing a monkey +try ing to pull on a pair of his boots. + +Philom'enes (4 _syl_.) died of laughter at seeing an ass eating the +figs provided for his own dessert.--Valerius Maximus. + +Placut (_Phillipot_) dropped down dead while in the act of paying a +bill.--Backaberry the elder. + +Quenelault, a Norman physician of Montpellier, died from a slight +wound made in his hand in the extraction of a splinter. + +Saufeius (_Spurius_) was choked supping up the albumen of a +soft-boiled egg. + +Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at sight of a hag which he had +just depicted. + +DEATH RIDE (_The_), the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, +October 25, 1854. In this action 600 English horsemen, under the +earl of Cardigan, charged a Russian force of 5,000 calvary and six +batallions of infantry. They galloped through the battery of thirty +guns, cutting down the artillerymen, and through the calvary, but then +discovered the batallions and cut their way back again. Of the 670 +who advanced to this daring charge, not 200 returned. This reckless +exploit was the result of some misunderstanding in an order from the +commander-in-chief. Tennyson has a poem on the subject called _The +Charge of the Light Brigade_. + +For chivalrous devotion and daring, "the Death Ride" of the Light +Brigade will not easily be paralleled.--Sir Edw. Creasy, _The Fifteen +Decisive Battles_ (preface). + +DEB'ON, one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable, +Devonshire is a corruption of "Debon's-share", or the share of the +country assigned to Debon. + +DEBORAH DEBBITCH, governante at Lady Peveril's--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril +of the the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DEBORAH WOODHOUSE. The practical sister of the spinster pair who +cherish (respectively) a secret attachment for Mr. Dermer. Miss +Deborah is an admirable cook, and an affectionate aunt and considers +that in religion a woman ought to think just as her husband +does.--Margaret Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ (1888). + +DECEM SCRIPTORES, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English +history, edited by Twysden and John Selden. The names of the +chroniclers are Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham, +Ailred of Rieval, Ralph De Diceto, John Brompton of Jorval, Gervase +of Canterbury, Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, and Henry +Knighton of Leicester. + +DECEMBER. A mother laments in the + + "Darkest of all Decembers + Ever her life has known," + +the death of two sons, one of whom fell in battle, while the other +perished at sea. + + "Ah, faint heart! in thy anguish + What is there left to thee? + Only the sea intoning + Only the wainscot-mouse + Only the wild wind moaning + Over the lonely house!" + +Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_, (1882). + +DE'CIUS, friend of Antin'ous (4 _syl_.).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Laws +of Candy_ (1647). + +DEDLOCK _(Sir Leicester), bart_., who has a general opinion that the +world might get on without hills, but would be "totally done up" +without Dedlocks. He loves Lady Dedlock, and believes in her +implicity. Sir Leicester is honorable and truthful, but intensely +prejudiced, immovably obstinate, and proud as "county" can make a man; +but his pride has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Dedlock +becomes known. + +_Lady Dedlock_, wife of Sir Leicester, beautiful, cold, and apparently +heartless; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that +before marriage she had had a daughter by Captain Hawdon. This +daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel. + +_Volumnia Dedlock_, cousin of Sir Leicester. A "young" lady of 60, +given to rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She has a habit of prying +into the concerns of others.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853). + +DEE'S SPEC'ULUM, a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought to +him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it +passed into the possession of the Earl of Peterborough, at Drayton; +then to Lady Betty Grermaine, by whom it was given to John, last duke +of Argyll. The duke's grandson (Lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to +Horace Walpole; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the +curiosities of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott. +At the sale of Mr. Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the +possession of the late Lord Londesborough. A writer in _Notes and +Queries_ (p. 376, November 7, 1874) says, it "has now been for many +years in the British Museum," where he saw it "some eighteen years +ago." + +This magic speculum is a flat _polished mineral, like cannel coal_, of +a circular form, fitted with a handle. + +DEERSLAYER (_The_), the title of a novel by J.F. Cooper, and the +nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. He is a model +uncivilized man, honorable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and +without reproach. + +DEERFIELD. The particulars of the captivity of the Williams family +of Deerfield, (Mass.), are told by John Williams, the head of the +household. The Indians entered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703, +broke into the house, murdered two children and a servant and carried +the rest into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams being weak from a recent +illness, was killed on the journey.--John Williams, _The Redeemed +Captive Returning to Zion_ (1707). + +DEFARGE (_Mons._), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourg St. Antoine, +in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but implacable-looking +man. + +_Mde. Defarge_, his wife, a dangerous woman, with great force of +character; everlastingly knitting. + +Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at +anything.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, i. 5 (1859). + +DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, the title first given to Henry VIII, by Pope +Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the +papacy, and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the +Vatican, and contains this inscription in the king's handwriting; +_Anglorum rex Henricus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus et fidei testem et +amicitiæ_; whereupon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign) +conferred upon Henry, by bull, the title "Fidei Defensor," and +commanded all Christians so to address him. The original bull was +preserved by Sir Robert Cotton, and is signed by the pope, +four bishop-cardinals, fifteen priest-cardinals, and eight +deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the bull, with its seals and +signatures, may be seen in Selden's _Titles of Honor_, v. 53-57 +(1672). + +DEFOE writes _The History of the Plague of London_ as if he had been +a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the the time +(1663-1731). + +DEGGIAL, antichrist. The Mohammedan writers say he has but one eye and +one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written CAFER ("infidel") + +Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his +exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the earth.--W. +Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784). + +DEIRD'RI, an ancient Irish story similar to the _Dar-Thula_ of Ossian. +Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons +of Usnach. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which +terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three +tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (1) The death of the children +of Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans); (2) the death of the children +of Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife; (3) the death of the +children of Usnach (a "Milesian" story). + +DEK'ABRIST, a Decembrist, from _Dekaber_, the Russian for December. +It denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part +they took in the military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg +in December, 1825, on the accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne. + +DELA'DA, the tooth of Buddah, preserved in the Malegawa temple at +Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief +that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When +the English (in 1815) obtained possession of this palladium, the +natives submitted without resistance. + +DELASERRE (_Captain Philip_), a friend of Harry Bertram.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +DE'LIA, Diana; so called from the island Delos, where she was born. +Similarly, Apollo was called _Delius_. Milton says that Eve, e'en + + Delia's self, + In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport, + Though not as she with bow and quiver armed. + +_Paradise Lost_, ix. 338, etc. (1665). + +_Delia_, any female sweetheart. She is one of the shepherdesses in +Virgil's _Eclogues_. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls his lady-love +"Delia," but what her real name was is not certain. + +_Delia_, the lady-love of James Hammond's elegies, was Miss Dashwood, +who died in 1779. She rejected his suit, and died unmarried. In one of +the elegies the poet imagines himself married to her, and that they +were living happily together till death, when pitying maids would tell +of their wondrous loves. + +DELIAN KING (_The_). Apollo or the sun is so called in the Orphic +hymn, + + Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds + The central heavens. + +Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767). + +DELIGHT OF MANKIND (_The_), Titus the Roman emperor, A.D.40, (79-81). + + Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam, + More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread + Of storm and horror: "The Delight of Men." + +Thomson, _Liberty_, in. (1725). + +DELLA CRUSCA SCHOOL, originally applied in 1582 to a society in +Florence, established to purify the national language and sift from it +all its impurities; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets +(at the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs. +Piozzi. This school was conspicuous for affectation and high-flown +panegyrics on each other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in _The +Baviad_, in 1794, and _The Moeviad_, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed +himself _Della Crusca_, James Cobb, a farce-writer, James Boswell +(biographer of Dr. Johnson), O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft, +Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs. H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were +its best exponents. + +DEL'PHINE, (2 _syl._), the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de +Staël. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover, +and dies of a broken heart. This novel, like _Corinne_, was written +during her banishment from France by Napoleon I., when she travelled +in Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that "Delphine" was +meant for the authoress herself (1802). + +DELPHINE CLASSICS (_The_), a set of Latin classics edited in France +for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief +editor, assisted by Montausier and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine +scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very +valuable. + +DELTA [Illustration] of _Blackwood_ is D.M.Moir (1798-1851). + +DEL'VILLE (2 _syl_.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man +of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty humility and +condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social +inferiors.--Miss Burney, _Cecilia_ (1782). DEME'TIA, South Wales; the +inhabitants are called Demetians. + + Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612). + +DEME'TRIUS, a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 _syl_.) promised his +daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to +marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in +quest of her, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four +fell asleep, and "dreamed a dream" about the fairies. On waking, +Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia disliked him, but +that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and +take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out +how the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with +Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's Dream_ (1592). + +_Deme'trius_, in _The Poetaster_, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John +Marston (died 1633). + +_Deme'trius_, (4 _syl_.), son of King Antig'onus, in love with Celia, +_alias_ Enan'thê.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ +(1647). + +_Deme'trius_, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius +Comnenus.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +DEMIURGUS, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made the +world and all that it contains. The Logos or "Word" of St. John's +Gospel (ch. i. I) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians. + +DEMOC'RITOS (in Latin _Democritus_), the laughing or scoffing +philosopher, the Friar Bacon of his age. To "dine with Democ'ritos" +is to go without dinner, the same as "dining with Duke Humphrey," or +"dining with the cross-legged knights." + +People think that we [_authors_] often dine with Democritos, but there +they are mistaken. There is not one of the fraternity who is not +welcome to some good table.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, xii. 7 (1735). + +DEMOCRITUS JUNIOR, Robert Burton, author of _The Anatomy of +Melancholy_ (1576-1640). + +DEMOD'OCOS (in Latin _Demodocus_), bard of Alcin'ous (4 _syl_.) king +of the Phæa'cians. + + Such as the wise Demodicos once told + In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast, + While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest + Are held, with his melodious harmony, + In willing chains and sweet captivity. + +Milton, _Vacation Exercise_ (1627). + +DEM'OGOR'GON, tyrant of the elves and fays, whose very name inspired +terror; hence Milton speaks of "the dreaded name of Demogorgon" +(_Paradise Lost_, ii. 965). Spenser says he "dwells in the deep abyss +where the three fatal sisters dwell" (_Faëry Queen_, iv. 2); but +Ariosto says he inhabited a splendid palace on the Himalaya Mountains. +Demogorgon is mentioned by Statius in the _Thebaid_, iv. 516. + +He's the first-begotten of Beëlzebub, with a face as terrible as +Demogorgon.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_, v. 2 (1680). + +DEMON. Increase Mather tells a long and circumstantial story of _The +Demon at William Morse His House_, time of visitation being 1679. +"The true story of these strange disturbances is as yet not certainly +known," he says. "Some (as has been hinted), did suspect Morse's wife +to be guilty of witchcraft."--Increase Mather, _An Essay for the +Eecording of Illustrious Providences_ (1681). DEMOPH'OÔN (4 _syl._) +was brought up by Demêter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged +him every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity, +watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck; whereupon Demêter told +her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth. + +[Illustration] This story is also told of Isis.--Plutarch, _De Isid. +et Osirid_., xvi. 357. + +[Illustration] A similar story is told of Achillês. His mother Thet'is +was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father +Pe'leus (2 _syl_.) interfered.--Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_., +iv. 866. + +DEMOS'THENES OF THE PULPIT. Dr. Thomas Rennell, dean of Westminster, +was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840). + +DENDIN (_Peter_), an old man, who had settled more disputes than all +the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to +wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention, +and longed to end their disputes; then he would interpose, and his +judgment could not fail to be acceptable. + +_Tenot Dendin_, son of the above, but, unlike the father, he always +tried to crush quarrels in the bud; consequently, he never succeeded +in settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment.--Rabelais, +_Pantagruel_, in. 41 (1545). + +(Racine has introduced the same name into his comedy called _Les +Plaideurs_ (1669), and Lafontaine in his _Fables_ 1668). + +DENNET (_Father_), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George.--Sir W. +Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +DENNIS the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the "No Popery Riots;" +the other two were Hugh, servant of the Maypole inn, and the +half-witted Barnaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when he "turned +off" others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most +grovelling and craven spirit.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841). + +_Dennis (John)_, "the best abused man in English literature." Swift +lampooned him; Pope assailed him in the _Essay on Criticism_; and +finally he was "damned to everlasting fame" in the _Dunciad_. He is +called "Zo'ïlus" (1657-1733). + +DENNISON _(Jenny)_, attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries +Cuddie Headrigg.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.). + +DERMER _(Mr.)_, a little bachelor lawyer, whose face has "a pinched, +wistful look" under the curls of his brown wig. He lives in a dreary +house, with a testy housekeeper, and a timid little nephew-ward, and +spends many of his lonely hours in trying to decide if he loves Miss +Deborah Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic Miss Ruth. On his +death-bed, he gives an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss Ruth. + + "Not that I have--have changed my mind, + but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss Deborah's + sister should give me--if she will be + so good--her hand, that I may say 'goodbye'"--Margaret + Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ + (1888). + +D'ÉON DE BEAUMONT (_Le Chevalier_), a person notorious for the +ambiguity of his sex; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was +pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a +woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the +czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed +captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again, +which he maintained till death (1728-1810). + +DERBY (_Earl of_), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near +kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died +1362. Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne, +and was noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He +defeated the Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the +castle of Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only +1000, taking prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights, +and squires (1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur, +Montpezat, Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and +Reole. + +That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant +son, the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men, + +Dayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613). + +_Derby (Countess of)_, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby +and Queen of Man. + +_Philip (earl of Derby)_, King of Man, son of the countess.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DANIEL DERONDA, pure young fellow whose influence for good over men +and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that +virtue is mightier than vice. "You could not have seen his face +thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures +had done nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to +come."--George Eliot, _Daniel Deronda_. + +DER'RICK, hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The +crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman. + +_Derrick (Faith)._ The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel _Say and +Seal_ (1860). + +_Derrick (Tom)_, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +DERRY DOWN TRIANGLE _(The)_, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis of +Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on the +title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being +the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments. +Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water spouting +from a pump." + + _Q_. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh? + _A_. Because it is a slender thing of wood, + That up and down its awkward arm doth sway, + And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away, + In one weak, washy, everlasting flood. + + T. Moore. + +DERVISH ("_a poor man_"), a sort of religious friar or mendicant among +the Mohammedans. + +DESBOROUG-H _(Colonel)_, one of the parliamentary commissioners.--Sir +W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth). + +DESDEMO'NA, daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with +Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her +intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him +to believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict +between love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and +then stabs himself.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611.) + +The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of +innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to +suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill +in human nature.--Dr. Johnson. + +DESERT FAIRY _(The)_. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that +could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and +crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by +my coif you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my +crutch."--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682). + +DESERTED DAUGHTER _(The)_, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the +daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady +Anne. In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought +up by strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a +money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with +Mrs. Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains +Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees +her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent +repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and +she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784). + +[Illustration] This comedy has been recast, and called _The Steward_. + +DESERTER _(The)_, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a soldier, +is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of gallantry +to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love, Louisa +in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the +procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of +desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death. +Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with +his pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat. + +DESMAS. The repentant thief is so called in _The Story of Joseph +of Arimathea_; but Dismas in the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus._ +Longfellow, in _The Golden Legend_, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent +thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus. + + Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis: + _Dismas et Gesmas_, media est Divina Potestas; + Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas; + Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas. + + Of differing merits from three trees incline + Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine; + Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves, + The power Divine by death the sinner saves. + +DESMONDS OF KILMALLOCK (Limerick). The legend is that the last +powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that +every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake +early in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim +his own again. (See BARBAROSSA.)--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_. + +DESPAIR (_Giant_), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and +Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark +dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without "one bit of bread, or drop +of drink, or ray of light." By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the +giant beat them soundly "with a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night +Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called "Promise," +which would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon +door, and they both made their escape with speed.--John Bunyan, +_Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678). + +DEUCE IS IN HIM (_The_) a farce by George Colman, senior. The person +referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the farce +is given (1762). + +DEUGA'LA, says Ossian, "was covered with the light of beauty, but her +heart was the house of pride." + +DEVE'TA, plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hindû +mythology. + +DEVIL (_The_). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the +king's barber, was called _Le Diable_, because he was as much feared, +was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the +prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484. + +_Devil (The French)_, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at +Dunkirk (1650-1702). + +_Devil (The White)_. George Castriot, surnamed "Scanderbeg," was +called by the Turks "The White Devil of Wallachia" (1404-1467). + +_Devil (The Printer's)_. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the +holy Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his +office. This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and +went by the name of the "printer's devil." In order to protect him +from persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a +public exhibition of the boy, and announced that "any one who doubted +him to be flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him." + +_Devil (Robert the)_, of Normandy; so called because his father was +said to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight +(1028-1035). + +[Illustration] Robert Francois Damiens is also called _Robert le +Diable_, for his attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757). + +_Devil (Son of the)_, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of +Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259). + +DEVIL DICK, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808). + +DEVIL ON TWO STICKS, (_The_), that is _Le Diable Boiteux_, by Lesage +(1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from the +Spanish, _El Diabolo Cojuelo_, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (_le +diable boiteux_) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador, +and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and +expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling. + +_Devil on Two Sticks (The)_, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the +medical profession. + +DEVIL TO PAY, (_The_), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has +a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits +named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that +the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John. +When my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and +soon reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two +are restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an +obedient, modest wife (died, 1745). + +DEVIL'S AGE (_The_). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor +gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they +could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at +his wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then +into a barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came +his Satanic majesty, and said, "_X and x_ years have I lived," naming +the exact number, "yet never saw I an animal like this." The gentlemen +had heard enough, and was able to answer the question without +difficulty.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 58 (1877). + +DEVIL'S CHALICE (_The_). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large sum +of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was either +to say "of what the devil made his chalice," or else give his head to +the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself in the +crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides. Said +one witch to another, "You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his +head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his +chalice. In fact I don't know myself." "Don't you?" said the other; +"why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays."--The farmer +was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his +answer.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 71 (1877). + +DEVIL'S DYKE, BRIGHTON (_The_). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking +over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had +rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable +majesty in person. "Ha, ha!" said the prince of darkness; "so you +think by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban, +do you? Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land +with the sea." "Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. Cuthman, and +hies him to sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on +the spot of the present Dyke House. "Sister," said the saint, "I love +you well. This night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the +convent windows from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said +by the holy sisterhood." At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and +spade, mattock: and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to +dig a dyke which should let the waters of the seas into the downs. +"Fire and brim-stone!"--he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and +fell in sacred song--"Fire and brim-stone! What's the matter with +me?" Shoulders, feet, wrists, loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went +mattock and spade, pickaxe and shovel, and just at that moment the +lights at the convent windows burst forth, and the cock, mistaking the +blaze for daybreak, began to crow most lustily. Off flew the devil, +and never again returned to complete his work. The small digging he +effected still remains in witness of the truth of this legend of the +"Devil's Dyke." + +DEVIL'S PARLIAMENT (_The_), the parliament assembled by Henry VI. at +Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke of +York and his chief supporters. + +DEVIL SACRAMENT. This blasphemous rite whereby those who would +practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is +described by Deodat Lawson in 1704. + +"At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red +drink, and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink +thereof she turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will +not eat, I will not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan +endeavor to have his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of +our Lord Jesus Christ."--Deodat Lawson, _Christ's Fidelity the only +Shield against Satan's Malignity_ (1704). + +DEVONSHIRE, according to historic fable, is a corruption of +"Debon's-share." This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the +descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a +pit eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell +backwards and lost his life. + + ... that ample pit, yet far renowned + For the great leap which Debon did compel + Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground, + Into the which retourning back he fell ... + And Debon's share was that is Devonshire. + +Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1590). + +DE'VORGOIL (_Lady Jane_), a friend of the Hazlewood family.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +DEWLAP (_Dick_), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more upon +his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most +telling points. + +I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of +a fat paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.--Richard +Steele. + +DEXTER, (_Gregory_), the typical Successful Man who is first suitor, +then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore +Woolson's _Anne_. + + "A little indifference to outside opinion would + have made him a contented, as he was a successful + man. But there was a surface of personal + vanity over his better qualities which led him to + desire a tribute of universal liking." (1882). + +DHU (_Evan_) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose. + +_Mhich-Connel Dhu_. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of +Montrose.-- + +Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +DHUL'DUL, the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet. + +DHU'L KARNEIN ("_the two-horned_,") a true believer according to the +Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of Gog +and Magog.--_Al Korân_, xviii. + + Commentators say the wall was built in this + manner: The workman dug till they found + water; and having laid the foundation of stone + and melted brass, they built the superstructure + of large pieces of iron, between which they + packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled + the height of the mountains [_of Armenia_]. Then + setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of + bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured + molten brass over to fill up the interstices. + +--Al Beidawi. + +DHU'LNUN, the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was _swallowed +by a fish_. + +Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we +could not exercise our power over him.--_Al Korân_, xxi. + +DIAFOIRUS (_Thomas_), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical +milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in +marriage. Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches, +and on one occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, "Madame, +vous m'avez interrompu dans le milieu de ma période, et cela m'a +troublé la mémoire." His father says, "Thomas, reservez cela pour une +autre fois." Angelique loves Cléante (2 _syl_.), and Thomas Diafoirus +goes to the wall. + +Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on +remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il était petit, il n'a jamais +été ce qu'on appelle mièvre et éveille; on le voyait toujours doux, +paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais à +tons ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.--Molière, _Le Malade +Imaginaire_, ii.6 (1673). + +DI'AMOND, one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agapê. Though very +strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were +Pri'amond and Tri'amond.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596). + +DIAMOND JOUSTS, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called +because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by +Sir Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a +tiff, flung them into the river which ran by the palace.--Tennyson, +_Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine"). + +DIAMOND SWORD, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of the +Gold Mines. + + +She gave him a sword made of one entire diamond, that gave as great +lustre as the sun.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow +Dwarf," 1682). + + +DIANA, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated from +the _Daphnis_ and _Chloe_ of Longos (fourteenth century). + +_Dian'a_, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged +on her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram +wantonly loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the +means of bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife +Helena.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598). + +DIAN'A DE LASCOURS, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and +sister of Martha, _alias_ Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de +Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the +Frozen Sea_ (1856). + +DIAN'A THE INEXORABLE. (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows, for +daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Actæon into a stag and set +her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to look +upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons and +six daughters of Niobé, because the fond mother said she was happier +than Latona, who had only two children. + + Dianae non movenda numina. + +Horace, _Epode_, xvii. + +DIANA THE SECOND OF SALMANTIN, a pastoral romance by Gil Polo. + +"We will preserve that book," said the cure, "as carefully as if +Apollo himself had been its author."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. +6 (1605). + +DIANA _(the Temple of_), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of +antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name. + +DIANA OF THE STAGE, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748). + +DIAN'A'S FORESTERS, "minions of the moon," "Diana's knights," etc., +highwaymen. + + Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king, + let not us that are "squires of the night's body" + be called _thieves_ ... let us be "Diana's foresters," + "Gentlemen of the shade," "minions of the + moon."--Shakespeare, I _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2 + (1597). + +DIANO'RA, wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by Ansaldo. +In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never to yield +to his suit till he could "make her garden at midwinter as gay with +flowers as it was in summer" (meaning _never_). Ansaldo, by the aid of +a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told +him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not +to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his +claim, and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of +Gilberto.--Bocaccio, _Decameron_, x.5. + +The _Franklin's Tale_ of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See +DORIGEN). + +DIARMAID, noted for his "beauty spot," which he covered up with his +cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in +love with him.--Campbell, _Tales of the West Highlands_ ("Diarmaid and +Grainne"). + +DIAV'OLO (_Fra_), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria +(1760-1806).--Auber, _Fra Diavolo_ (libretto by Scribe, 1836). + +DIBBLE (_Davie_), gardener at Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _Antiquary_ +(time, George III.). + +_Dibu'tades_ (4 _syl_.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on +the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This, +it is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the +same process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of +sculpture in relief. + + +Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than that fair daughter of +Dibutades tracing the beloved shadow on the wall!--Ouida, _Ariadnê_, +i. 6. + + +DICAE'A, daughter of Jove, the "accusing angel" of classic mythology. + + Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage. + + Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vi. (1633). + +DICCON THE BEDLAMITE, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A +specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech: + + Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies, + And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais; + Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted, + And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ... + When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee, + And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee + Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle, + Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale. + + _Gammer Gurton's Needle_ (1575). + +DICIL'LA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her +chastity.--Ariosto, _Orlanda Furioso_ (1516). + +DICK, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of +Midlothian_ (time, Greorge II.). + +_Dick_, called "The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;" a falconer and +follower of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ +(time, Henry IV.). + +_Dick (Mr.)_, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's "aunt," +Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick +is especially mad on the subject of Charles I.--C. Dickens, _David +Copperfield_ (1849). + +DICK AMLET, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick +assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel +Shapely, in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the +daughter of Gripe, a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his +mother makes her appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs. +Amlet promises to give her son £10,000, and so the wedding is +adjusted. Dick is a regular scamp, and wholly without principle; but +being a dashing young blade, with a handsome person, he is admired by +the ladies.--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695). + +DICK SHAKEBAG, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the +Alsatian bully).--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I). + +DICKSON (_Thomas_) farmer at Douglasdale. + +_Charles Dickson_, son of the above, killed in the church.--Sir W. +Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.). + +DICTA'TOR OF LETTERS, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the +"Great Pan" (1694-1778). + +DICTIONARY (_A Living_). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so called by +George I. + +[Illustration] Longinus was called "The Living Cyclopaedia" (213-273). + +[Illustration] Daniel Huet, chief editor of the _Delphine Classics_, +was called a _Porcus Literarum_ for his unlimited knowledge +(1630-1721). + +DIDDLER (_Jeremy_), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond, who +borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other +expedients.--Kenny, _Raising the Wind_. + +DIDERICK, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As Arthur +is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French romance, +so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers. DIDIER +(_Henri_), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 _syl_.); a gentleman in +feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his _fiancée_ through all +her troubles.--Ed. Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852). + +DIDO, _daughter of Belus, king of Tyre_. She bought "as much land in +Africa as a bull's hide could cover," shred the hide into strings, and +enclosed a large tract. Æneas was wrecked upon her coast, and a love +affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after watching +his ship until it was out of sight. + +DIE'GO, the sexton to Lopez the "Spanish curate."--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622). + +_Die'go (Don)_, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora, +whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as +her face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her +home and place her under a duenna for three months, and then either +return her to them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the +expiration of the time, he went to settle the marriage contract; and, +to make all things sure, locked up the house, giving the keys to +Ursula, but to the outer door he attached a huge padlock, and put the +key in his pocket. Leander, being in love with Leonora, laughed at +locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 _syl_.), found them about to +elope. Being a wise man, he not only consented to their union, but +gave Leonora a handsome marriage portion.--I. Bickerstaff, _The +Padlock._ + +DIES IRAE. The name generally given from the opening words to a +mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the +hymn is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples, +Thomas de Celano, who died about 1255. + + Dies irae, dies ilia + Sol vet sseclum in favilla + Teste David cum Sibylla. + + That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day + When Heaven and Earth shall pass away, + So David and the Sibyl say. + +DIET OF PERFORMERS. + +BEAHAM sang on _bottled porter_. + +CATLEY _(Miss)_ took _linseed tea and madeira._ + +COOKE _(G.F.)_ drank everything. + +HENDEESON, _gum arable and sherry_. + +INCLEDON sang on _madeira_. + +JOEDAN _(Mrs.)_ drank _calves'-foot jelly and sherry._ + +KEAN _(C.)_ took _beef-tea_ for breakfast, and preferred a +_rump-steak_ for dinner. + +KEAN _(Edm.)_ EMERY and REEVE drank _cold brandy-and-water._ + +KEMBLE _(John)_ took _opium_. + +LEWIS, _mulled wine_ and _oysters_. + +MACEEADY used to eat the _lean of mutton-chops_ when he acted, and +subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet. + +OXBERRY drank _tea_. + +RUSSELL _(Henry)_ took a _boiled egg_. + +SMITH (_W_.) drank _coffee_. + +WOOD (_Mrs_.) sang on _draught porter_. + +WEENCH and HAELEY took _no_ refreshment during a performance.--W. O. +Russell, _Representative Actors_. 272. + +DIE'TRICH (2 _syl_.). So Theod'oric _The Great_ is called by the +German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen +Kriemhild in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and +succeeded in capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These +he handed over to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she +cut off both their heads with her own hands.--_The Niebelungen Lied_ +(thirteenth century.) + +_Dietrich (John)_, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years +under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister +of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a +cock crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit +the upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they +yielded to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which +he bought half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became +founder of a very powerful family.--Keightley, _Fairy Mythology_. (See +TANHAUSER.) + +DIETZ _(Bernard)._ Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of deep and +gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the sick +room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel _The Open Door._ +He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh, + +"I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk +about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't +feel at home without a block of stone to clip." + +His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul +of the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo +contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener +profoundly. + +"You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only _seem_ to. The +life in us--it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,--it doesn't ask +us if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it _can_ be +destroyed" (1889). + +DIEU ET MON DROIT, the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors +(1198). + +DIGGERY, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being +stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with +the same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly +(a ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite +character is "Alexander the Great," the son of "Almon." One day, +playing _Romeo and Juliet_, he turns the oven into the balcony, but, +being rung for, the girl acting "Juliet" is nearly roasted alive. (See +DIGGORY.)--J. Jackman, _All the World's a Stage_. + +DIGGES (_Miss Maria_), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at the +Spa.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +DIGGON [DAVIE], a shepherd in the _Shephearde's Calendar_, by Spenser. +He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands, hoping +to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and profligacy +of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched condition of the +flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and their abandoned +mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story about Roffynn +(_the bishop of Rochester_) and his watchful dog Lauder catching a +wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.--_Ecl_. ix. (September, 1572 or +1578). + +DIGGORY, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and +footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar, +laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while +serving. (See DIGGERY.)--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_. (1773). + +_Diggory_ (_Father_), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.--Sir +W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +DIMANCHE, (_Mons_.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman, applies to +Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable courtesy, +but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts him with +some such question as, _Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?_ or _Et +votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?_ or _Le petit +Colin fait-il toujours bien du bruit avec son tambour?_ or _Ét votre +petit chien Brusquet, gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort_ ...? and, after +a time, he says he is very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the +present, and he leaves Mons. without his once stating the object of +his call. (See SHUFFLETON.) Molière, _Don Juan_ (1665). + +DIMMESDALE _(Arthur)._ Master Prynne, an English physician living in +Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent +his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained +two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes +was his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and +with the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet +on her breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, +regarded by all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was +earnestly exhorting her to declare the name of the child's father, but +she steadfastly refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had +heard in Amsterdam rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover +her betrayer and to hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the +name of Roger Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and +wounded pride, soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than +Dimmesdale himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship +he attached himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search +for the secret cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended +is shown in that wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates +of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the +love-child, Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.--Nathaniel +Hawthorne, _The Scarlet Letter_. + +DINANT', a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love Lamira. +the wife of Champernel.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French +Lawyer_ (1647). + +DINARZA'DE (_4 syl_.), sister of Scheherazadê, Sultana of Persia. +Dinarzadê was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an +hour before daybreak, and say, "Sister, relate to me one of those +delightful stories you know," or "Finish before daybreak the story +you began yesterday." The sultan got interested in these tales, and +revoked the cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak +the wife he had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.) + +DINAS EMRYS, or "Fort of Ambrose" (_i.e._ Merlin), on the Brith, +a part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was +constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the +night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the +cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation +of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each +other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first +prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool. +The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the +Saxons. At first the Saxons (or _white serpent_) prevailed, but in the +end "our people" _the red serpent_ "shall chase the Saxon race beyond +the sea."--Nennius, _History of the Britons_ (842). + + And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous + steep + Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where + the serpents fought + The white that tore the red, for whence the + prophet taught + The Britons' sad decay. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, x, (1612). + +DINE WITH DUKE HUMPHREY (_To_), to have no dinner to go to. The Duke +referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and +buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried +in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be +erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, +who were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who +tarried in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed +to be so busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded +the dinner hour. + +DINER-OUT OF THE FIRST WATER, the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by the +_Quarterly Review_ (1769-1845). + +DINGLE (_Old Dick of the_), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot +farm.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +DINGWALL (_Davie_), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.--Sir W. +Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time William III.). + +DINIAS AND DERCYLLIS (_The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of_), an +old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enês in +twenty-four books and entitled _Incredible Things beyond Thule_ [_Ta +HuperThoulen Apista_], a store-house from which subsequent writers +have borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an +outline of its contents. + +DINMONT (_Dandy, i.e._ Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store farmer +at Charlie's Hope. He is called "The fighting Dinmont of Liddesdale." + +_Ailie Dinmont_, wife of Dandy Dinmont.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ +(time George II.). + +[Illustration] This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry. + +DINNER BELL. Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so long +as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797). + +DIOCLE'TIAN, the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under the +charge of the "seven wise masters" (_Italian version_). + +In the _French_ version, the father is called +"Dolop'athos."--_Sandabar's Parables_. + +DIOG'ENES, Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search for +an honest man. + +DIOG'ENES (4 _syl_.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher Michael +Agelestês (4 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, +Rufus). + +DI'OMEDE (3 _syl_.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was himself +eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Herculês. + +DION (_Lord_), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with +Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page, +Euphrasia assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service +of Philaster.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies +a-bleeding_ (1638). + +(There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in +Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_, 1614). + +DIONÆ'AN CÆSAR, Julius Cæsar, who claimed descent from Venus, called +Dionê from her mother. Æneas was son of _Venus_ and Anchisês. + + Ecce, Dionæi processit Cæsaris astrum. + + Virgil, _Eclogues_, ix. 47. + +DIO'NE (3 _syl_.), mother of Aphroditê (_Venus_), Zeus or Jove being +the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dionê. + + Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess, + Where young Dionê strays; with sweetest airs + Entice her forth to lend her angel form + For Beauty's honored image. + + Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, (1744). + +DIONYS'IA, wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Periclês prince of Tyre +commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be +motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out +of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus, +hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon +are burnt to death in the flames,--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of +Tyre_ (1608). + +DIONYS'IUS, tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned him +in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death. +But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own +breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a +tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him, +when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he +fell dead at her feet.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772). + +[Illustration] In this tragedy there are several gross historical +errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who +was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius +died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the _younger_ Dionysius +who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes +Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave +Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous +living, etc. + +_Dionys'ius_ [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan +army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the +Pythagorean" opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the +tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents +whereby he was saved are to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.). + +_Damon and Pythias_, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John +Banim, in 1825. + +_Dionys'ius_ [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to +Corinth and turned schoolmaster. + + Corinth's pedagogue hath now + Transferred his byword _[tyrant]_ to thy brow. + + Byron, _Ode to Napoleon_. + +DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE was one of the judges of the Areopagite when +St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated +by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed +to him. The _Isido'rian Decretals_ is a somewhat similar forgery by +Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after +Isidore. + + The error of those doctrines so vicious + Of the old Areopagite Dionysius. + +Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +DIOSCU'RI _(sons of Zeus_), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but +incorrectly, accented on the second syllable. + +DIOTI'MA, the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's _Symposium_, the +teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end, +and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socratês died of hemlock. + + Beneath an emerald plane + Sits Diotima, teaching him that died + Of Hemlock. + +Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii. + +DIPLOMATISTS _(Prince of_), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pèrigord +(1754-1838). + +DIPSAS, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from +intolerable thirst. (Greek, _dipsa_, "thirst.") Milton refers to it in +_Paradise Lost_, x. 526 (1665). + +DIPSODES (2 _syl_.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King +Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28). +Pantagruel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand +million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men), +besides women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers +(bk. iii. I).--Rabelais, _Pantag'ruel_ (1545). + +DIP'SODY, the country of the Dipsodes (2 _syl), q.v._ + +DIRCÆ'AN SWAN, Pindar; so called from Dircê, a fountain in the +neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.) + +DIRLOS or D'YRLOS (_Count_), a paladin, the embodiment of valor, +generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where +he conquered Aliar'dê, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his +young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers). +The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the +occasion. + +DISASTROUS PEACE (_The_), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambrésis, by +which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and +Corsica (1559). + +DIS'MAS, the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one. + +DISTAFFI'NA, the troth-plight wife of General Bombastês; but +Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she +would forsake the general for himself--a temptation too great to be +resisted. When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the +world, hung up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to +remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king +down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. +At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the +dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desire +it.--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790.) + + Falling on one knee, he put both hands on + his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the + manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to + Distaffina.--E. Sargent. + +DISTRESSED MOTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The +"distressed mother" is Androm'achê, the widow of Hector. At the fall +of Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of +Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she +refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestês, son +of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest +in manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told +Andromachê he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would +consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were +going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As +he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became +queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight. +This play is an English adaptation of Racine's _Andromaque_ (1667). + +Ditchley _(Gaffer)_, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey +Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DITHYRAMBIC POETRY _(Father of_), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625). + +DITTON _(Thomas)_ footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham +Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +DIVAN _(The)_, the supreme council and court of justice of the +caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid +in the redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches +covered with cushions on which the members sat.--D'Herbelot, +_Bibliothèque Orientate_, 298. + +DIVE _[deev]_, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace at +Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 _syl_), +with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws, +long tails, and other horrible deformities. + +DI'VER (_Colonel_), editor of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, in +America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own +greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.--C. +Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844.) + +DI'VES (2 _syl_.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in +our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, _Divês et +Lazarus_.--_Luke_ xvi. + +DIVI'NA COMME'DIA, the first poem of note ever written in the Italian +language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided into +three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a +_comedy_, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the +word _divine_ from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision, +in which he is conducted, first by Virgil (_human reason_,) through +hell and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (_revelation_), and finally +by St. Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the +Triune God. + +"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually +contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's +centre. (See INFERNO, 1300). + +"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that +side of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into +terraces, and its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY, +1308). + +From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens, +the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of +God. (See PARADISE, 1311). + +DIVINE (_The_), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine." + +Raphael, the painter, was called _Il Divino_ (1483-1520). + +Luis Moralês, a Spanish painter, was called _El Divino_ (1509-1586). + +Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595). + +DIVINE DOCTOR _(The)_, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381). + +DIVINE SPEAKER _(The)_ Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos +("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287). + +DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS. The dogma that _Kings can do no wrong_ is based +on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are +subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.--_Hincmar's +Works_, i. 693. + +DIVINING ROD, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls +of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of +water-springs and precious metals. + + Now to rivulets from the mountains + Point the rods of fortune-tellers. + +Longfellow, _Drinking Song_. + +[Illustration] Jacques Aymar of Crôle was the most famous of all +diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and +the beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the +attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published +carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were +eye-witnesses thereof.--See S. Baring-Gould, _Myths of the Middle +Ages_. + +DIVINITY. There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and +three at Oxford. Those at _Cambridge_ are the Hul'sean, the Margaret, +the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at _Oxford_ are the Margaret, the +Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History. + +DIVI'NO LODOV'ICO, Ariosto, author of _Orlando Furioso_ (1474-1533). + +DIXIE'S LAND, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie +was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the +Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so +that they were always sighing for their old home, which they called +"Dixie's Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island +into a sort of Delectable Country or land of Beulah. + +This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase +that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the +Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by +exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line. + + "Away down South in Dixie, + I wish I were in Dixie, + In Dixie's Land + I'd take my stand + To live and die in Dixie." + +DIXON, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 _syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The +Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +DIZZY, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield +(1804-1881). + +DJA'BAL, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maä'ni, in the great +massacre of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'radês. +He resolves to avenge this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem', +the incarnate god, their founder, returned to earth to avenge their +wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture being discovered, he +kills himself, but Loys _[Lo'.iss]_, a young Breton count, leads the +exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, The +phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies. + +Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i. + +DOBBIN _(Captain_, afterwards _Colonel_), son of Sir William Dobbin, +a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet; +but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate +appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain +George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's +wife. When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries +her.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848). + +DOBBS'S HORSE, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his +best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not +young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his +mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County, +and his friend is welcome to the use of him. + +Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the +word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he +lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he +keels over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites +himself--and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs +returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they +have the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen +dollars!"--Mary Mapes Dodge, _Theophilus and Others_ (1876). + +DOBBINS _(Humphrey)_, the confidential servant of Sir Robert Bramble +of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, most +devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart +brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.--George +Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802). + +DOBU'NI, called _Bodu'ni_ by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and +Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +DOCTOR (_The_), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, and +his horse "Nobbs." + +_Doctor_ (_The Admirable_), Roger Bacon (1214-1292). + +_The Angelic Doctor_, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the +Church." + +_The Authentic Doctor_, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357). + +_The Divine Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381). + +_The Dulcifluous Doctor_, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320). + +_The Ecstatic Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381). + +_The Eloquent Doctor_, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth +century). + +_The Evangelical Doctor_, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384). + +_The Illuminated Doctor_, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or _Most +Enlightened Doctor_. + +_The Invincible Doctor_, William Occam (1276-1347). + +_The Irrefragable Doctor_, Alexander Hales (_-1245.) + +_The Mellifluous Doctor_, St. Bernard (1091-1153). + +_The Most Christian Doctor_, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429). + +_The Most Methodical Doctor_, John Bassol(_-1347). + +_The Most Profound Doctor_, Ægidius de Columna (_-1316). + +_The Most Resolute Doctor_, Durand de St. Pourçain (1267-1332). + +_The Perspicuous Doctor_, Walter Burley (fourteenth century). + +_The Profound Doctor_, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349). + +_The Scholastic Doctor_, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117). + +_The Seraphic Doctor_, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274). + +_The Solemn Doctor_, Henry Goethals (1227-1293). + +_The Solid Doctor_, Richard Middleton (_-1304). + +_The Subtle Doctor_, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or _Most Subtle Doctor_. + +_The Thorough Doctor_, William Varro (thirteenth century). + +_The Universal Doctor_, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas, +(1224-1274). + +_The Venerable Doctor_, William de Champeaux (_-1126). + +_The Well-founded Doctor_, Ægidius Romanus (_-1316). + +_The Wise Doctor_, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489). + +_The Wonderful Doctor_, Roger Bacon (1214-1292). + +DOCTOR'S TALE _(The)_, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, is the Roman +story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in the +_Roman de la Rose_, ii. 74, and by Gower in his _Confessio Amantis_, +vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example, +in _French_, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683); +Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud +(1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in +_German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829). + +DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam +Bovary_, a French novel. + +DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors, +viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John +Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome, +St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_. + +DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful +thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C. +Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837). + +DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb +Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope +ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the +"Orders of Periwigs." + +DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the +proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._" + +DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585), +physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are +_Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum +Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general +title of "The History of Plants." + + "Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few, + To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew, + Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall." + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613) + +DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The +responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the +Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According +to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black pigeons endowed with +the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses +in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the +responses in Dodona. + +We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the +cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the +bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of +metal suspended among the branches of the trees. + + And Dodona's oak swang lonely, + Henceforth to the tempest only. + +Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17. + + +DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St. +Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned +there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent. +This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of +fiction. + + She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt + black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks + from under her mutch when she was thrown + into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated + by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust + person, a broad though fat chest, capital + wind, and a voice that could match a choir of + fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i + (time George III.). + +(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book +has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone, +a Scotchwoman.) + +DODSON, a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. Death +told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the +hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told +him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving +him three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again. +"So soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three +warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and +blind," he had received his three warnings.--Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi], +_The Three Warnings_. + +DODSON AND FOGG (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake +on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for +"breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell +_v_. Pickwick."--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836). + +DOE _(John)_ and _Richard Roe_, the fictitious plaintiff and defendant +in an action of ejectment. Men of straw. + +DOEG, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech. +had supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill +Abimelech, and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five +(1 _Samuel_ xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called _Absalom and +Achitophel_, Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon" +Dryden with his pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses." + + Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why, + Made still a blundering kind of melody. + Let him rail on ... + But if he jumbles to one line of sense, + Indict him of a capital offense. + +Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682). + +DOG _(Agrippa's)._ Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally +suspected of being a spirit incarnate. + +_Arthur's Dog_ "Cavall." + +_Dog of Belgrade_, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey." + +_Lord Byron's Dog_, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of +Newstead Abbey. + +_Dog of Catherine de Medicis_, "Phoebê," a lap dog. + +_Cuthullin's Dog_ was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound. + +_Dora's Dog_, "Jip."--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield._ + +_Douglas's Dog_, "Luffra." _Lady of the Lake._ + +_Erigonê's Dog_ was "Moera." Erigonê is the constellation _Virgo_, and +Moera the star called _Canis_. + +_Eurytion's Dog_ (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads. + +_Fingal's Dog_ was named "Bran." + +_Geryon's Dogs_. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The +latter was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Herculês +killed both of Geryon's dogs. + +_Landseer's Dog_, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in +his picture called "The Invader of the Larder." + +_Llewellyn's Dog_ was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See +GELERT). + +_Lord Lurgan's Dog_ was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy +who reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at +court by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died. +It was a sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871). + +_Maria's Dog_, "Silvio."--Sterne, _Sentimental Journey._ + +_Dog of Montargis_. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri +de Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in +the forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same +regiment. After its master's death the dog showed such a strange +aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say +he was pitted against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a +sash was found on him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as +her own work and gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime, +and his accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by +the dog and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in +French and English. + +_Orion's Dogs_; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other +"Pto-ophagos." + +_Punch's Dog_, "Toby." + +_Sir W. Scott's Dogs_. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black +greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers. + +_Dog of the seven Sleepers_, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice. + +In _Sleary's circus_, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."--C. +Dickens, _Hard Times._ + +(For Actæon's fifty dogs, see _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 234). + +_Dog_. The famous _Mount St. Bernard_ dog which saved forty human +beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is +preserved in the museum at Berne. + +_Dog (The)_, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander +encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with +the words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the +philosopher replied, "And I am Diogenês, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The +Athenians raised to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted +with a dog, and bearing the following inscription:-- + + "Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?" + A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?" + + Sinopê, "He who made a tub his home?" + The same; now dead, among the stars a star. + +_Dog (The Thracian)_, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his +snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was +contemporary with Philip of Macedon. + +_Dogs_. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.) were turned into little +black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See +ZOBEIDE). + +DOGS OF WAR, Famine, Sword, and Fire: + + Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, + Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels, + Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire + Crouch for employment. + +Shakespeare, _King Henry V_. I chorus (1599). + +DOG-HEADED TRIBES (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of +_Gueri'no Meschi'no._ + +DOGBERRY AND VERGES, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly +mutilate their words. Dogberry calls "assembly" _dissembly_; "treason" +he calls _perjury_; "calumny" he calls _burglary_; "condemnation" +_redemption_; "respect," _suspect_. When Conrade says, "Away! you are +an ass;" Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down "an ass." +"Masters," he says to the officials, "remember I am an ass." "Oh, that +I had been writ down an ass!" (act. iv. sc. 2).--Shakespeare, _Much +Ado About Nothing_ (1600.) + +DOGGET, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +DOGGET'S COAT AND BADGE, the great prize in the Thames rowing-match, +given on the 1st of August every year. So called from Thomas Dogget, +an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of George I. +to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge to the +winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the +prize. + +DOILEY _(Abraham)_, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a +charity boy, wholly without education, but made £80,000 in trade, +and is determined to have "a larned skollard for his son-in-law." +He speaks of _jomtry_ [geometry], _joklate, jogrify, Al Mater, +pinny-forty_, and _antikary doctors_; talks of _Scratchi_ [Gracchi], +_Horsi_ [Horatii], a _study of horses_, and so on. Being resolved to +judge between the rival scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain +in the army, he gets both to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the +scholar, quotes two lines of Greek, in which the _panta_ occurs four +times. "Pantry!" cries the old slop-seller; "you can't impose upon me. +I know _pantry_ is not Greek." The captain tries English fustian, and +when Gradus maintained that the words are English, "Out upon you for +a jackanapes," cries the old man; "as if I didn't know my own mother +tongue!" and gives his verdict in favor of the captain. + +_Elizabeth Doiley_, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with +Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford +scholar to dress like a _beau_ to please the ladies. By so doing he +disgusts the old man, who exclaims, "Oh, that I should ever had been +such a dolt as to take thee for a man of larnen'!" So the captain wins +the race at a canter.--Mrs. Cowley, _Who's the Dupe_? + +DOLL COMMON, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and +Face his alley.--B. Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610). + +Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from "Lady Macbeth" to "Doll +Common."--Leigh Hunt. + +DOLL TEARSHEET, a "bona-roba." This virago is cast into prison with +Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of +a man that they and Pistol had beaten.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. +(1598). + +DOLALLOLLA _(Queen)_, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff punch, +but scorning "vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." She is the enemy +of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter Huncamunca; +but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the pigmy +giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is +herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the +giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts "sheep's eyes."--_Tom +Thumb_, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of +_Midas_ (1778). + +DOLLA MURREY, a character in Crabbe's _Borough_, who died playing +cards. + + "A vole! a vole!" she cried; "'tis fairly won." + This said, she gently with a single sigh + Died. + +Crabbe, _Borough_ (1810). + +DOLLY. The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in +Frances Hodgson Burnett's _Vagabondia_. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and +loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of +her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of "Griff," +to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and +penitence save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler +women. + +DOLLY OF THE CHOP-HOUSE (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and +Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of +her provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is +that of the old cook of the establishment. + + The broth reviving, and the bread was fair, + The small beer grateful and as pepper strong, + The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young. + +DOLLY TRULL. Captain Macheath says she was "so taken up with stealing +hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else."--Gay, _The +Beggar's Opera_, ii. I. (1727). + +DOLLY VARDEN, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved +to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon +Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty, +and bewitching.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841). + +DOL'ON, "a man of subtle wit and wicked mind," father of Guizor (groom +of Pollentê the Saracen, lord of "Parlous Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, with +scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him +"passage-penny" for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart +and Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking +Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night, +but is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the +bridge, to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart +runs one of them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the +river.--Spenser _Faëry Queen_ v. 6 (1596). + +DOL'ON AND ULYSSES. Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and bring +word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he put +on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses saw +through the disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder man is from the +host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him +unexpectedly." They soon caught the fellow, and having "pumped" out +of him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed +smote him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the +subject of bk. x. of the _Iliad_ and therefore this book is called +"Dolonia" ("the deeds of Dolon" or "Dolophon'ia", "Dolon's murder"). + + Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle + When he allured poor Dolon. + + Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. 105 (1824). + +DOLOPA'TOS, the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the +charge of "seven wise masters." When grown to man's estate, Lucien's +step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she +accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince +discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be +saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the +king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied +his own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was +condemned to death.--_Sandabar's Parables_ (French version). + +DOMBEY (_Mr._), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant, living +on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City. His +god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the firm +might be known as "Dombey and Son." When Paul was born, his ambition +was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of the +mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to +stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter +indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second +time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the +proud spirit of the merchant was brought low. + +_Paul Dombey_, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy, +quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to +Dr. Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school +discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him, +and his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is +beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and +was always wondering what the wild waves were saying. + +_Florence Dombey_, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable, +motherless child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived +and throve while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence +hungered to be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She +married Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the +elopement of his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his +old age.--O. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846). + +DOM-DANIEL originally meant a public school for magic, established at +Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense +establishment, near Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," established +by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four +entrances to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and +magicians, gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do +homage there at least once a year to Zatanaï [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was +utterly destroyed by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of +Syria.--_Continuation of the Arabian Nights_ "History of Maugraby." + +Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his +_Thalaba_--in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but +the general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to +each other. + +DOMESTIC POULTRY, in Dryden's _Hind and Panther_, mean the Roman +Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the +private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed "sister partlet with +the hooded head" (1687). + +DOMINICK, the "Spanish fryar," a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A +most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute +even the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his +amour with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez. + + He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big + enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a + turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before + him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs + come limping after it. Never was such a tun + of devotion seen.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_, + ii. 3 (1680). + +DOMINIE SAMPSON. His Christian name is Abel. He is the tutor at +Ellangowan House, very poor, very modest, and crammed with Latin +quotations. His contsant exclamation is "Prodigious!" + +Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble scholar, who had won his +way through the classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage of +life.--Sir. W. Scott; _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +DOM'INIQUE (3 _syl_), the gossiping old footman of the Franvals, who +fancies himself quite fit to keep a secret. He is, however, a really +faithful retainer of the family.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ +(1785). + +DOMITIAN A MARKSMAN. The emperor Domitian was so cunning a marksman, +that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and stretched +his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without touching +the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many similar +marksmen.)--Peacham, _Complete Gentleman_ (1627). + +DOMIZIA, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the +republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and +Berto, whose death she hoped to revenge. + + I am a daughter of the Traversari, + Sister of Porzio and Berto both ... + I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith, + Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back + Reward from them, must hold back his reward. + +Robt. Browning, _Luria_, iii. + +DON ALPHONSO, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the +daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza, +who went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don +Alphonso meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.--O'Keefe, _Castle of +Andalusia_. + +[Illustration] For other dons, see under the surname. + +DONACHA DHU NA DUNAIGH, the Highland robber near Roseneath.--Sir W. +Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +DONALD, the Scotch steward of Mr. Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken, +faithful, and unflinching in his duty.--Holcroft, _The Deserted +Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_). + +_Donald_, an old domestic of MacAulay, the Highland chief.--Sir W. +Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time Charles I.). + +DONALD OF THE HAMMER, son of the laird of Invernahyle of the West +Highlands of Scotland. When Green Colin assassinated the laird and +his household, the infant Donald was saved by his foster-nurse, and +afterwards brought up by her husband, a blacksmith. He became so +strong that he could work for hours with two fore-hammers, one in each +hand, and was therefore called _Domuil nan Ord_. When he was 21 he +marched with a few adherents against Green Colin, and slew him, by +which means he recovered his paternal inheritance. + + Donald of the smithy, the "son of the hammer" + Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and + clamor. + + Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in _Tales of + a Grandfather_, i. 39. + +DONAR, same as THOR, the god of thunder among the ancient Teutons. + +DONATELLO, a young Italian whose marvellous resemblance to the Marble +Faun of Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark to three American +friends. + + "So full of animal life as he was, so joyous + in his deportment, so physically well-developed; + he made no impression of incompleteness, of + maimed or stinted, nature." Yet his friends + "habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict + obedience to conventional rules, and hardly noticing + his eccentricities enough to pardon them." + +He loves Miriam, an American student, and resents the persecution of +her by a mysterious man--a nominal "model" who thrusts his presence +upon her at all inconvenient times. One night as he comes between +Donatello and Miriam as they lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian +Rock, the Italian throws him over the precipice and kills him. From +that moment, although he is not accused of the deed, the joyous faun +becomes the haunted man. + +"Nothing will ever comfort me!" he says moodily to Miriam, when she +would extenuate his crime. "I have a great weight here!" lifting her +hand to his breast. Wild creatures, once his loved companions, shun +him as he, in turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears from the +story, hand-in-hand with Miriam, bound, it would seem, upon +a penitential pilgrimage, or to begin a new life in another +hemisphere.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Marble Faun_ (1860). + +DONATION OF PEPIN. When Pepin conquered Ataulf (Adolphus), the +exarchate of Ravenna fell into his hands. Pepin gave the pope both the +ex-archate and the republic of Rome; and this munificent gift is the +world-famous "Donation of Pepin," on which rested the whole fabric of +the temporal power of the popes (A.D. 755). Victor Emmanuel, king of +Italy, dispossessed the pope of his temporal sovereignty, and added +the papal states to the united kingdom of Italy, over which he reigned +(1870). + +DONDASCH', an Oriental giant, contemporary with Seth, to whose service +he was attached. He needed no weapons, because he could destroy +anything by his muscular force. + +DON'EGILD (3 _syl_.), the wicked mother of Alia, king of +Northumberland. Hating Custance because she was a Christian, Donegild +set her adrift with her infant son. When Alia returned from Scotland, +and discovered this act of cruelty, he put his mother to death; then +going to Rome on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, who had been +brought there a little time previously.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ +("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388). + +DON'ET, the first grammar put into the hands of scholars. It was that +of Dona'tus the grammarian, who taught in Rome in the fourth century, +and was the preceptor of St. Jerome. When "Graunde Amour" was sent to +study under Lady Gramer, she taught him, as he says: + + First my donet, and then my accedence. + +S. Hawes, _The Pastime of Plesure_, v. (time Henry VII.). + +DONI'CA, only child of the lord of Ar'kinlow (an elderly man). Young +Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish maiden was betrothed to him. +Walking one evening by the lake, Donica heard the sound of the +death-spectre, and fell lifeless in the arms of her lover. Presently +the dead maiden received a supernatural vitality, but her cheeks were +wan, her lips livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog howled when +it saw her. Eberhard still resolved to marry her, and to church they +went; but when he took Donica's hand into his own it was cold and +clammy, the demon fled from her, and the body dropped a corpse at the +feet of the bridegroom.--R. Southey, _Donica_ (a Finnish ballad). + +DONNERHU'GEL _(Rudolph)_, one of the Swiss deputies to Charles "the +Bold," duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the sons of Arnold Biederman +the landamman of Unterwalden _(alias_ Count Arnold of Geierstein). + +_Theodore Donnerhugel_, uncle of Rudolph. He was page to the former +Baron of Arnheim _[Arnhime]._--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ +(time, Edward IV.). + +DO'NY, Florimel's dwarf.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 5 and iv. 2 +(1590, 1596). + +DONZEL DEL FE'BO (_El_), _the knight of the sun_, a Spanish romance +in _The Mirror of Knighthood_. He was "most excellently fair," and a +"great wanderer;" hence he is alluded to as "that wandering knight so +fair." + +DOO'LIN OF MAYENCE (2 _syl._), the hero and title of an old French +romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was +called _Merveilleuse_ ("wonderful"). + +DOOMSDAY SEDGWICK, William Sedgwick, a fanatical "prophet" during the +Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been revealed +to him in a vision; and, going into the garden of Sir Francis Bussell, +he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade them +prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand. + +DOORM, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and "smote her on +the cheek" because she would not welcome him. Whereupon her +husband, Count Geraint, started up and slew the "russet-bearded +earl."--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid."). + +DOOR-OPENER (_The_), Cratês, the Theban; so called because he used to +go round Athens early of a morning and rebuke the people for their +late rising. + +DORA [SPENLOW], a pretty, warmhearted little doll of a woman, with no +practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was +the "child-wife" of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and +hold his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then married Agnes +Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called "Jip," which died at the +same time as its mistress.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849). + +DORA'DO (_El_), a land of exhaustless wealth; a golden illusion. +Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a +"gold country" between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America. +Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and +published highly colored accounts of its enormous wealth. + +DORALI'CE (4 _syl_.) a lady beloved by Rodomont, but who married +Mandricardo.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +DOR'ALIS, the lady-love of Rodomont, king of Sarza or Algiers. +She eloped with Mandricardo, king of Tartary.--Bojardo, _Orlando +Innamorato_ (1495), and Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516). + +DORANTE (2 _syl_.), a name introduced into three of Molière's +comedies. In _Les Fâcheux_ he is a courtier devoted to the chase +(1661). In _La Critique de l'école des Femmes_ he is a chevalier +(1602). In _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ he is a count in love with the +marchioness Doremène (1670). + +DARAS'TUS AND FAUNIA, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by +Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of _Pandosto and the +Triumph of Time_. On this "history" Shakespeare founded his _Winter's +Tale_. + +DORAX, the assumed name of Don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted +Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned renegade, and joined the emperor +of Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebastian gave to +Henri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4 +_syl._) The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy +of the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in +Shakespeare's _Julius Cæsar_. + +Sebastian says to Dorax, "Confess, proud spirit, that better he +_[Henriquez]_ deserved my love than thou." To this Dorax replies: + + I must grant, + Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul, + Henriquez had your love with more desert; + For you he fought and died; I fought against you. + +Drayton, _Don Sebastian_ (1690). + +DORCAS, servant to Squire Ingoldsby.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ +(time, George III.). + +_Dorcas_, an old domestic at Cumnor Place.--_Kenilworth_ (time, +Elizabeth). + +DORIA D'ISTRIA, a pseudonym of the Princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a +Wallachian authoress (1829-). + +Arthur Donnithorn: Young Squire who seduces Hetty Sorrel in George +Eliot's novel of _Adam Bede_. + +DORICOURT, the _fiancê_ of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and the +rage of the London season, he is, however, both a gentleman and a +man of honor. He had made the "grand tour," and considered English +beauties insipid.--Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_, (1780). + + Montague Talbot [1778-1831]. + He reigns o'er comedy supreme.. + None show for light and airy sport, + So exquisite a Doricourt. + +Crofton Croaker. + +DO'RIDON, a beautiful swain, nature's "chiefest work," more beautiful +than Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis.--Wm. Browne, _Britannia's +Pastorals_ (1613). + +DO'RIGEN, a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity +for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but +she said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast +"there n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic caused all the stones +to disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted +on her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied, +he would sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a +gentleman.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388). + +(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and +Gilberto_, x. 6. See Dianora.) + +DOR'IMANT, a genteel, witty libertine. The original of this character +was the Earl of Rochester--G. Etherege, _The Man of Mode_ or _Sir +Fopling Flutter_ (1676). + +The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not +offend my moral sense; in fact, they do not appeal to it at all.--C. +Lamb. + +(The "Lady Touchwood" in Congreve's _Double Dealer_, not the "Lady +Francis Touchwood" in Mrs. Cowley's _Belle's Strategem_, which is +quite another character.) + +DOR'IMÉNE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Alcantor, beloved by Sganarelle (3 +_syl_.) and Lycaste (2 _syl_.). She loved "le jeu, les visites, les +assemblés, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes les choses +de plasir," and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her +home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to +marry, "Nous n'aurons jamais aucun démêlé ensemble; et je ne vous +contraindrai point dans vos actions, comme j'espère que vous ne me +contraindrez point dans les miennes."--Molière, _Le Mariage Forcé_ +(1664). + +(She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the +Comedy of _Le Cocu Iniaginaire_, 1660). + +_Dorimène_, the marchioness, in the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_, by +Molière (1670). + +DORIN'DA, the charming daughter of Lady Bountiful; in love with +Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous +also.--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707). + +_Dorinda_. The rustic maiden, slow and sweet in ungrammatical speech, +who helps plant corn by day, and makes picturesque the interior of the +cabin in the glare of "lightwood" torches by night; turns men's heads +and wins children's hearts in Charles Egbert Craddock's tale, _The +Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains_, (1885). + +DORINE' (2 _syl_.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She +ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. Molière, +_Le Tartuffe_ (1664). + +DORLA _(St. John_). A New York girl of great beauty and tender +conscience, who is beguiled into marrying a country lawyer because +she thinks he is dying for love of her. Having left out of sight the +possibility that a loveless union leaves room for the entrance of a +real passion, she is appalled at finding that she has slipped into an +attachment to _A Perfect Adonis_, who has principle enough to leave +her when he discovers the state of his own affections. Finding her a +widow on his return to America, he presses his suit, and finds a rival +in her only child, a spoiled baby of five or six years. Overcoming +this obstacle, he weds the mother.--Miriam Coles Harris, _A Perfect +Adonis_ (1875). + +D'ORME'O, prime minister of Victor, Amade'us (4 _syl_), and also of +his son and successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He took his +color from the king he served; hence under the tortuous, deceitful +Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity; +but under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became +straightforward and honest.--R. Browning, _King Victor and King +Charles, etc_. + +DORMER _(Captain)_, benevolent, truthful, and courageous, candid and +warmhearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers; but the lady was told +that he was false and had married another, so she gave her hand to +Lord Davenant. + +_Marianne Dormer_, sister of the captain. She married Lord Davenant, +who called himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her in three months, +giving out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a +widow, married his lordship's son.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious +Husband_ (1783). + +_Dormer (Caroline)_, the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was +once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter +£200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of +her man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry +Morland (supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and +marries her, by which she becomes the Lady Duberly.--G. Coleman, _The +Heir-at-Law_ (1797). + +DORNTON _(Mr.)_, a great banker, who adores his son Harry. He tries +to be stern with him when he sees him going the road to ruin, but is +melted by a kind word. + +Joseph Mnnden [1758-1832] was the original representative of "Old +Dornton" and a host of other characters.--_Memoir_ (1832.) + + +_Harry Dornton_, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by +over-indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket, +and goes post-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great +is his extravagance, that his father becomes a bankrupt; but Sulky +(his partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia +Freelove, and both father and son are saved from ruin.--Holcroft, _The +Road to Euin_ (1792). + +DOROTHE'A, of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal of +the Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don Fernando, the duke's +younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent +gentlemen), engaged to Cardenio, her equal in rank and fortune. When +the wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed +the bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day +she took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in +boy's clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown +Mountain. Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don +Quixote's party happened to be staying at the Crescent inn, and Don +Fernando, who had abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the +same place. Here he found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband +Cardenio. All these misfortunes thus came to an end, and the parties +mated with their respective spouses.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. +(1605). + +_Dorothe'a_, sister of Mons. Thomas.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons. +Thomas_ (1619). + +_Dorothe'a_, the "virgin martyr," attended by Angelo, an angel in the +semblance of a page, first presented to Dorothea as a beggar-boy, to +whom she gave alms.--Philip Massinger, _The Virgin Martyr_ (1622). + +_Dorothe'a_, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled _Hermann and +Dorothea_ (1797). + +DOR'OTHEUS (3 _syl_.), the man who spent all his life in endeavoring +to elucidate the meaning of one single word in Homer. + +DOR'OTHY _(Old)_, the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter +"the fair maid of Perth."--Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, +Henry IV.). + +_Dor'othy_, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter +Martha.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.). + +DOROTHY PEARSON. The childless wife of a Puritan settler in New +England. Her husband brings her home a boy whom he found crouching +under the gallows of his Quaker father, and she adopts him at once, +despite the opposition of "the congregation." A fortnight after he +entered the family, his own mother invades the pulpit of the Orthodox +meeting house, and delivers an anathema against her sect. Her boy +presses forward to meet her, but, after a conflict of emotions she +returns him to Dorothy. He submits, but pines for his mother through +the months that pass before her return with the news of religious +toleration. Dorothy's loving offices have smoothed the child's pathway +to the grave, and she hangs above him with tears of maternal grief as +he breathes his last in his mother's arms.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The +Gentle Boy_ (1851.) + +_Dorothy Q_. Oliver Wendell Holmes's "grandmother's mother." Her +portrait taken at the age of "thirteen summers, or less," is the +subject of his lines, "_Dorothy Q._ A Family Portrait." + + "O, Damsel Dorothy! Dorothy Q! + Strange is the gift that I owe to you; + Such a gift as never a king + Save to daughter or son might bring,-- + All my tenure of heart and hand + All my title to house and land, + Mother and sister and child and wife + And joy and sorrow, and death and life!" + +DORRILLON _(Sir William_), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He +had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When +this daughter (Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir William returned +to England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented +himself under the assumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter +a fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but +affectionate and good-hearted. He was enabled to extricate her from +some money difficulties, won her heart, revealed himself as her +father, and reclaimed her. + +_Miss [Maria] Dorrillon_, daughter of Sir William; gay, fashionable, +light-hearted, accomplished, and very beautiful. "Brought up without +a mother's care or father's caution," she had some excuse for her +waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn was her admirer, whom for +a time she teased to the very top of her bent; then she married, loved +and reformed.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were and Maids as they +Are_ (1797). + +D'OSBORN _(Count)_, governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The +countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain +the acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg, ("the State prisoner"); but he +never kept his promise. + +It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept +back the evidence of General Bavois, declaring him innocent. He next +employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted. +His villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to +execution.--E. Stirling, _The State Prisoner_ (1847). + +DO'SON, a promise-maker and promise-breaker. Antig'onos, grandson of +Demetrios _(the besieger)_ was so called. + +DOT. (See PERRYBINGLE.) + +DOTHEBOYS HALL, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and +done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puffing, overbearing +and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys, +but taught them nothing.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838). + + +The original of Dotheboys Hall is still in existence at Bowes, some +five miles from Barnard Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle +is spoken of in _Nicholas Nickleby_, by Newman Noggs.--_Notes and +Queries_, April 2, 1875. + + +DOTO, NYSÊ, and NERI'NÊ, the three nereids who guarded the fleet of +Vasco da Gama. When the treacherous pilot had run the ship in which +Vasco was sailing on a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up the +prow and turned it round,--Camoens, _Lusiad_, ii. (1569). + +DOUBAN, the physician, cured a Greek king of leprosy by some drug +concealed in a racket handle. The king gave Douban such great rewards +that the envy of his nobles was excited, and his vizier suggested that +a man like Douban was very dangerous to be near the throne. The fears +of the weak king being aroused, he ordered Douban to be put to death. +When the physician saw there was no remedy, he gave the king a book, +saying, "On the sixth leaf the king will find something affecting his +life." The king finding the leaves stick, moistened his finger with +his mouth, and by so doing poisoned himself. "Tyrant!" exclaimed +Douban, "those who abuse their power merit death."--_Arabian Nights_ +("The Greek King and the Physician"). + +_Douban_, physician of the emperor Alexius.--Sir W. Scott, _Count +Robert of Paris_ (time Rufus). + +DOUBLE DEALER, _(The)_ "The double dealer" is Maskwell, who pretends +love to lady Touchwood and friendship to Mellefont (2. _syl_.), in +order to betray them both. The other characters of the comedy also +deal doubly: Thus Lady Froth pretends to love her husband, but coquets +with Mr. Brisk; and Lady Pliant pretends to be chaste as Diana, but +has a liaison with Careless. On the other hand Brisk pretends to +entertain friendship for Lord Froth but makes love to his wife; and +Ned Careless pretends to respect and honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles +him in a similar way.--W. Congreve (1700). + +DOUBLEFEE _(Old Jacob_), a money-lender who accommodates the Duke of +Buckingham with loans.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, +Charles II). + +DOUBTING CASTLE, the castle of giant Despair, into which Christian and +Hopeful were thrust, but from which they escaped by means of the key +called "Promise."--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678). + +DOUGAL, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. He is an adherent of Rob +Roy.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.). + +DOUGLAS, divided into _The Black Douglases_ and _The Red Douglases_. + +I. THE BLACK DOUGLASES (or senior branch). Each of these is called +"The Black Douglas." + +_The Hardy_, William de Douglas, defender of Berwick (died 1302). + +_The Good Sir James_, eldest son of "The Hardy." Friend of Bruce. +Killed by the Moors in Spain (1330). + +_England's Scourge and Scotland's Bulwark_, William Douglas, knight +of Liddesdale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed by William, first +earl of Douglas, in 1353. + +_The Flower of Chivalry_, William de Douglas, natural son of "The Good +Sir James" (died 1384). + +James second earl of Douglas overthrew Hotspur. Died at Otterburn, +1388. This is the Douglas of the old ballad of _Chevy Chase._ + +_Archibald the Grim_, Archibald Douglas, natural son of "The Good Sir +James." + +_The Black Douglas_, William, lord of Nithsdale (murdered by the earl +of Clifford, 1390). + +_Tineman_ (the loser), Archibald, fourth earl, who lost the battles of +Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed +(1424). + +William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then +despatched with a battle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling, +February 13, 1452. Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in _The Lady of +the Lake_. + +James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior +branch closes. + +II. THE RED DOUGLASES, a collateral branch. + +_Bell-the-Cat_, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in +_Marmion_. His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden Field. He died +in a monastery, 1514. + +Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of +"Bell-the-Cat." James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most +interesting part of Scott's _Lady of the Lake_. He was the grandfather +of Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots. He died 1560. + +James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger-brother of the seventh earl of +Angus. He took part in the murder of Rizzio, and was executed by the +instrument called "the maiden" (1530-1581). + +The "Black Douglas," introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Castle Dangerous_, +is "The Gud schyr James." This was also the Douglas which was such a +terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly +children by saying they would "make the Black Douglas take them." +He first appears in _Castle Dangerous_ as "Knight of the tomb." The +following nursery rhyme refers to him:-- + + Hush ye, hush, ye, little pet ye; + Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye; + The Black Douglas shall not get thee. + +Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 6. + +_Douglas_, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Norval, having saved +the life of Lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady +Randolph hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own +son by her first husband, Lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new +favorite, persuades Lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with +the young upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse +in a wood. The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, but is in turn +slain by Lord Randolph, who then learns that the young man was Lady +Randolph's son. Lady Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice +and throws herself down headlong, and Lord Randolph goes to the war +then raging between Scotland and Denmark. + +_Douglas (Archibald earl of_), father-in-law of Prince Robert, eldest +son of Robert III. of Scotland. + +_Margery of Douglas_, the earl's daughter, and wife of Prince Robert +duke of Rothsay. The duke was betrothed to Elizabeth, daughter of the +earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by intrigue.--Sir W. +Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +_Douglas (George)_, nephew of the regent Murray of Scotland, and +grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Douglas was devoted to Mary +Queen of Scots.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +DOUGLAS AND THE BLOODY HEART. The heart of Bruce was entrusted to +Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid +the Castilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the +"heart," enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the +foe, saying, "The heart or death!" On he dashed, fearless of danger, +to regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family +thenceforth adopted the "bloody heart" as their armorial device. + +DOUGLAS LARDER (_The_). When the "Good Sir James" Douglas, in 1306, +took his castle by _coup de main_ from the English, he caused all +the barrels containing flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in +pieces and their contents to be thrown on the floor; he then staved in +all the hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung +the dead bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this +disgusting mass "The Douglas Larder." He then set fire to the castle +and took refuge in the hills, for he said "he loved far better to hear +the lark sing than the mouse cheep." + +[Illustration] _Wallace's Larder_ is a similar phrase. It is the +dungeon of Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies +of the garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I. + +Douloureuse Garde (_La_), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir +Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in +romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed +into _La Joyeuse Garde_ or _La Garde Joyeuse_. + +Dousterswivel (_Herman_), a German schemer, who obtains money under +the promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod.--Sir W. Scott, +_The Antiquary_ (time, George III.). + +The incident of looking for treasure in the church is copied from one +which Lily mentions, who went with David Kamsay to search for hidden +treasure in Westminster Abbey.--See _Old and New London_, i. 129. + +DOVE (_Dr._), the hero of Southey's novel called _The Doctor_ (1834). + +_Dove_ (_Sir Benjamin_), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little, +peaking, puling creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife; +but madam overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and +maintain the mastery. + +That very clever actor Cherry (1769-1812), appeared in "Sir Benjamin +Dove," and showed himself a master of his profession.--Boaden. + +_Lady Dove_, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger, +and next to Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a _tendresse_ for Mr. Paterson. +Lady Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed used to +lament for "poor dear dead Searcher, who--, etc., etc." She pulled her +bow somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin asserted his independence. + +_Sophia Dove_, daughter of Sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield, +but was engaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. When, however, the +wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a married man, and the +younger brother became the bridegroom.--R. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ +(1769). + +DOWLAS (_Daniel_), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in "coals, cloth, +herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and brickdust." +This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the peerage +under the title of "The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, Baron Duberly." +But scarcely has he entered on his honors, when the "heir-at-law," +supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance in the person +of Henry Morland. The "heir" settles on Daniel Dowlas an annuity. + +_Deborah Dowlas_, wife of Daniel, and for a short time Lady Duberly. +She assumes quite the airs and _ton_ of gentility, and tells her +husband "as he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich." + +_Dick Dowlas_, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A +wild young scamp, who can "shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at +cricket, make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance." His mother says "he +is the sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way." +Dick Dowlas falls in love with Cicely Homespun, and marries her.--G. +Colman, _Heir-at-law_ (1797). + +Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered. "It should be black +bombazeen ..." I proved to her that not only "Deborah Dowlas," but all +the rest of the _dramatis personæ_ ought to be in mourning ... The +three "Dowlases" as relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly; "Henry +Morland" as the heir-at-law; "Dr. Pangloss" as a clergyman, "Caroline +Dormer" for the loss of her father, and "Kenrick" as a servant of the +Dormer family.--James Smith. + +_Dowlas (Old Dame_), housekeeper to the Duke of Buckingham.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DOWLING-_(Captain)_, a great drunkard, who dies in his cups.--Crabbe, +_Borough_, xvi. (1810). + +DOWNER (_Billy_), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diffuser of +knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an "unfinished +gentleman."--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_. + +DOWNING, PROFESSOR, in the University of Cambridge. So called from Sir +George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800. + +DOWSABEL, daughter of Cassemen (3 _syl_.), a knight of Arden; a ballad +by M. Drayton (1593). + + Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell, + Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel, + A later third of Dowsabel. + +M. Drayton, _Nymphida_. + +DRAC, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of +rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a +stream to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at +them, the drac draws him under water.--_South of France Mythology_. + +DRA'CHENFELS ("_Dragon rocks_"), so called from the dragon killed +there by Siegfried, the hero of the _Niebelungen Lied_. + +DRAGON (_A_), the device on the royal banner of the old British kings. +The leader was called the _pendragon_. Geoffrey of Monmouth says: +"When Aurelius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester, of +wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray at the end of +which was a flame in the form of a dragon." Uther ordered two golden +dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the +other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennyson says that +Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon. + + ... they saw + The dragon of the great pendragonship. + That crowned the state pavilion of the king. + + Tennyson, _Guinevere_. + +_Dragon (The)_, one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Dragon (The Red_) the personification of "the devil," as the enemy of +man.--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633). + +DRAGON OF WANTLEY _(i. e_. Warncliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the old +metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of Sir Bevis. +The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the +inhabitants, the knight choosing his armor, the damsel, the fight and +the victory. The hero is called "More, of More Hall" (_q. v_.)--Percy, +_Reliques_, III. iii. 13. + +(H. Carey, has a burlesque called _The Dragon of Wantley_, and calls +the hero "Moore, of Moore Hall," 1697-1743). + +DRAGON'S HILL (Berkshire). The legend isays it is here that St. George +killed the dragon; but the place assigned for this achievement in the +ballad given in Percy's _Reliques_ is "Sylene, in Libya." Another +legend gives Berytus _(Beyrut)_ as the place of this encounter. + +(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that +Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with +5,000 men.) + +DRAGON'S TEETH. The tale of Jason and Æêtês is a repetition of that of +Cadmus. + +In the tale of CADMUS, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 _syl_.) +was guarded by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed +its teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called +"Sparti," among whom he flung stones, and the armed men fell foul of +each other, till all were slain excepting five. + +In the tale of JASON, we are told that having slain the dragon, which +kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth in the ground, +and armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them, +whereupon the men attacked each other, and were all slain. + +DRAGONS. + +AHBIMAN, the dragon slain by Mithra.--_Persian Mythology_. + +DAHAK, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Yaçna.--_Persian_. + +FAFNIB, the dragon slain by Sigurd. + +GRENDEL, the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero. + +LA GAGOUILLE, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain +of Rouen. + +PYTHON, the dragon slain by Apollo.--_Greek Mythology_. + +TAKASQUE (2 _syl_.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St. +Martha. + +ZOHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (_Shahndmeh_). + +[Illustration] Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted +Red, White, Black, Great, etc.. + +DRAKE (Joseph Rodman), author of _The Culprit Fay_ and _The American +Flag_, died at the early age of twenty-five. His elegy was written +by Fitz-Green Halleck and is known as far as the English tongue is +spoken. + + "Green be the turf above thee, + Friend of my better days! + None knew thee but to love thee, + None named thee but to praise." + (1820). + +DRAMA. The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western +empire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called +_La Celestina_, and is divided into twenty-one acts. The first act, +which runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodridgo Cota; the +other twenty are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The whole was +published in 1510. + +The earliest English drama is entitled _Ralph Roister Doister_, a +comedy by Nicholas Udal (before 1551, because mentioned by T. Wilson, +in his _Rule of Reason_, which appeared in 1551). + +The second English drama was _Gammer Gurton's Needle_, by Mr. S. +Master of Arts. Warton, in his _History of English Poetry_ (iv. 32), +gives 1551 as the date of this comedy; and Wright, in his _Historia +Histrionica_, says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died +1553. It is generally ascribed to Bishop Still, but he was only eight +years old in 1551. + +_Drama (Father of the French)_, Etienne, Jodell (1532-1573). + +_Father of the Greek Drama_, Thespis (B.C. sixth century). + +_Father of the Spanish Drama_, Lopêz de Vega (1562-1635). + +DRAP, one of Queen Mab's maids of honor.--Drayton, _Nymphidia_. + +DRA´PIER'S LETTERS, a series of letters written by Dean Swift, and +signed "M.D. Drapier," advising the Irish not to take the copper money +coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These +letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job and caused the patent +to be cancelled. The patent was obtained by the Duchess of Kendall +(mistress of the king), who was to share the profits. + + Can we the Drapier then forget? + Is not our nation in his debt? + 'Twas he that writ the "Drapier's Letters." + Dean Swift, _Verses on his own death_. + +DRAWCAN´SIR, a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a battle, +and killed every one on both sides, "sparing neither friend nor +foe."--George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, _The Rehearsal_ (1671). + + Juan, who was a little superficial, + And not in literature a great Drawcansir. + Byron, _Don Juan_, xi. 51 (1824). + +At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a +Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he +presented himself to fight with Menelaus.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii. +(1735). + +DREAM AUTHORSHIP. Coleridge says that he wrote his _Kubla Khan_ from +his recollection of a dream. + +[Illustration] Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the +reasonings left incomplete at bed-time. + +_Dreams_. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes +made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine +soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it +really cut off the next day.--Charlevoix, _Journal of a Voyage to +North America_. + +DREAM´ER (_The Immortal_), John Bunyan, whose _Pilgrim's Progress_ is +said by him to be a dream (1628-1688). + +[Illustration] The pretense of a dream was one of the most common +devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the _Romance of the +Rose_ and _Piers Plowman_, both in the fourteenth century. + +DREARY (_Wat_), _alias_ BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. +He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an underhand +way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_ +(1727). + +DREW (_Timothy_). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor +had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him, +demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself +the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy, +in revenge empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of +Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read--_Shoes +Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy Drew._--_The Frog Catcher_, Henry +J. Finn, American Comic Annual 1831. + +DRINK used by actors, orators, etc. + +BRAHAM, bottled porter. + +CATLEY (_Miss_), linseed tea and madeira. + +COOKE (_G. F._), everything drinkable. + +EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold). + +GLADSTONE (_W. E._), an egg beaten up in sherry. + +HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry. + +INCLEDON, madeira. + +JORDAN (_Mrs._), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry. + +KEAN (_Edmund_), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy. + +LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters). + +OXBERRY, tea. + +SMITH (_William_), coffee. + +WOOD (_Mrs._), draught porter. + +[Illustration] J Kemble took opium. + +_Drink_. "_I drink the air_," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with +great speed." + +In _Henry IV_. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing. + +DRI'VER, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate. + +Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +DRIVER OF EUROPE. The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so +called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe, +and ruled by them all the political cabals. + +DRO'GIO, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager +named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he +discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (_Labrador_), +but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern +geographers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great +measure, hypothetical. + +DRO'MIO _(The Brothers_), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even +their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They +were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles +of each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus +of Syracuse.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593). + +(_The Comedy of Errors_ is borrowed from the _Menoechmi_ of Plautus). + +DRONSDAUGHTER (_Tronda_), the old serving-woman of the +Yellowleys.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +DROP SERENE (_Gutta Serena_). It was once thought that this sort of +blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent +watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness, +but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort +of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels, +and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own +blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the _Gutta Serena_ +or the _suffusion of a cataract_. + + So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs, + Or dim 'suffusion' veiled. + + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 25 (1665). + +DROOD (_Edwin_), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that +name. + +DRUDGEIT (_Peter_), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, +_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +DRUGGER (_Abel_), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in +the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the +alchemist" to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose +the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his +customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.--Ben Jonson, +_The Alchemist_ (1610). + +Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David +Garrick was fond of the part also [1716-1779].--C. Dibdin, _History of +the Stage_. + +DRUGGET, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his +daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden," +but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden +images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and +other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate, +and very fond of flattery. + +_Mrs. Druggett_, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles, +and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.--A. Murphy, +_Three Weeks after Marriage_. + +DRUID (_The_), the _nom de plume_ of Henry + +Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called +_Steeple-chasing_, appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. His last +work was called _The Saddle and Sirloin._ + +[Illustration] Collins calls James Thomson (author of _The Seasons_) a +druid, meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest." + + In yonder grave a Druid lies. + Collins (1746). + +_Druid (Dr.)_, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling +tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and +antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without +any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at +all. + +"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and +the Po, traversed the Riphæan Mountains, and pierced into the inmost +deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli +Chan with rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely +depopulated; gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread +'em; fruits without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue +of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and +putterflies! Oh, 'tis a recreating contemplation indeed to a +philosophic mind!"--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780). + +DRUID MONEY, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says: +"Druidæ pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri." + + Like money by the Druids borrowed, + In th' other world to be restored. + Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 1 (1678). + +[Illustration] Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who +barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a +hundredfold."--_Pilgrims_, iii. 2. + +DRUM _(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment_ is giving a guest the cold +shoulder. + +Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (_All Well, +etc_., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his +entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him +out by both the shoulders." + +DRUMMLE (_Bentley_) AND STARTOP, two young men who read with Mr. +Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries +Estella.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860). + +DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh, +January I, 1661. + + It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance; + and no wonder it was so, when the men + of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.--Burnet, + _His Own Time_ (1723-34). + +DRUON "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and +Sir Scudamore (3 _syl_.). + + The warlike dame _(Britomart)_ was on her part assaid + By Clarabel and Blandamour at one; + While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid + On Scudamore, both his professèd fone [_foes_]. + + Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 (1596). + +DRUSES (_Return of the_). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria, +being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'adês, and +place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These +knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik +massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maä'ni, and entertains the idea of +revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he +gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth, +and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to +murder the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice, +if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 _syl_.), a +young woman stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when +she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself +when his imposition is made public, but Loys, (2 _syl_.) a Brenton +count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.--_The Return +of the Druses_. + +[Illustration] Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000 +or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saïde, but their +original seat was Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by +Dara'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 _syl_.) is derived. The +founder of the sect was the hakêm B'amr-ellah (eleventh century), +believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who communicated +between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called +the _hakêm_, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth +or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived +in exile in some of the Sporadês but were led back to Syria early in +the fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588 +they have been tributaries of the sultan. + + What say you does this wizard style himself-- + Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite? + What is this jargon? He the insane prophet, + Dead near three hundred years! + +Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_. + + +DRYAS or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her +tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].) + +"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy about +many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree."--Sir John Davies, +_Immortality of the soul_, xii. + +DRY-AS-DUST (_The Rev. Doctor_), an hypothetical person whom Sir +W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of +prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding +historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive +grace. + +DRYDEN OF GERMANY _(The)_, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The Father +of German Poetry" (1597-1639). + +DRYEESDALE _(Jasper)_, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Abott_ (time, Elizabeth). + +DRY'OPE (3 _syl_.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo. +Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryopê +into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that +Dryopê was changed into a lotus _(Met_., x. 331). + +DUAR'TE (3 _syl_), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647). + +DUBOSC, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and +murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph +Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.--Ed. Stirling, +_The Courier of Lyons_ (1852). + +DUBOURG-_(Mons.)_, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of +Osbaldistone of London. + +_Clement Dubourg_, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of +Osbaldistone, merchant.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.). + +DUBRIC _(St.)_ or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions +_(Caerleon-upon-Usk_; Newport is the only part left.) He set the +crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says +(_British history_, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain, +was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by +his prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David +his successor. Tennyson introduced him in his _Coming of Arthur, +Enid_, etc. + + Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth + carry. + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + + To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint. + Chief of the Church in Britain, and before + The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king + That morn was married. + Tennyson, _The Coming of Arthur_. + +DUCHO´MAR was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of Ireland. +Out of jealousy, he slew Câthba, his more successful rival, went to +announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. She +replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave the +sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchômar begged +the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; and +when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from +her, and slew her." + +"Duchômar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red +are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy +heart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."--Ossian, _Fingal_, i. + +DUCHRAN (_The laird of_), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.--Sir W. +Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +DU CROISY and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young +ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy +the manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be +aristocratic"; so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the +viscount de Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are +delighted whith their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far +enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the +girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal +consequence.--Molière, _Les Prècieuses Ridicules_ (1659). + +DUDLEY, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.--Sir W. +Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +_Dudley_ (_Captain_), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good +family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty +years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family. + +_Charles Dudley_, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous, +generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte +Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is +rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he +becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin. + +_Louisa Dudley_, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh, +and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom +ultimately she is married.--Cumberland, _The West Indian_ (1771). + +DUDLEY DIAMOND (_The_). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy +brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it +£400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for +£12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell £30,000 +for it. It weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart +shape it weighs 44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great +brilliancy. + +[Illustration] This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart" +_(q. v_.), and the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since +1868. + +DUDU, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the +sultan's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the +sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudù and Juan should be +stitched in a sack and cast into the sea; but by the connivance of +Baba the chief eunuch, they affected their escape.--Byron, _Don +Juan_, vi. 42, etc. + + A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ... + But she was pensive more than melancholy ... + The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was + holy. + Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen. + Canto vi. 42-44 (1824). + +DUENNA _(The)_, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the +duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome. +Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but +her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a +rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's +arrangement, he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out +of doors, but in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter +out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the +lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the +convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to +her marriage to the man of her choice; and Don Jerome supposing she +means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they +meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has +married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has +married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, "I am an +obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me +steady in the right." + +DUESSA _(false faith_), is the personification of the papacy. She +meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy _(infidelity)_, +and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being +overtaken, she says her name is Fidessa _(true faith)_, deceives +the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he +encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red +Cross Knight, but places Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the +infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace +of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the "Enervating +Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, and would have slain him if +Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross +Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous +array, puts on her head "a triple crown" _(the tiara of the pope_), +and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" _(the seven hills +of Rome_). Una _(truth)_ sends Arthur (England) to rescue the captive +knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, releases the +knight, and strips Duessa of her finery _(the Reformation_); +whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto +7).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590). + +_Duessa_, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned +by Zeal before Queen Mercilla _(Elizabeth)_, and charged with high +treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels +false conspired" with Blandamour _(earl of Northumberland)_, and +Paridel _(earl of Westmoreland_), leaders of the insurrection of 1569, +as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now +"an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the +Kingdom's Care _(Lord Burghley)_ spoke, and opinions were divided. +Authority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but +Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal +then charges the prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd +impiety; whereupon the sentence of the court is given against her. +Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed +with grief that she rises and leaves the court.--Spenser, _Faëry +Queen_, v. 9 (1596). + +DUFF _(Jamie)_, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral.--Sir +W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +DUKE _(My lord_), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of +his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He +was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then +a duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great +coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.--Rev. J. Townley, +_High Life Below Stairs_ (1763). + +_Duke (The Iron_), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great +Duke" (1769-1852). + +DUKE AND DUCHESS, in pt. II. of _Don Quixote_, who play so many +sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don +Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess +of Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive +estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called +Buena'via, the place referred to by Cervantês (1615). + +DUKE OF MIL'AN, a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently +in imitation of Shakespeare's _Othello_. "Sforza" is Othollo; +"Francesco," Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia. +Sforza "the More" [_sic_] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply +returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord +protector of Milan during a temporary absence of the duke, tried +to corrupt Marcelia; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of +wantonness. The duke, believing his favorite, slew his beautiful young +bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced +his sister Eugenia. + +[Illustration] Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven +years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries +we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's +evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water." + +(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780). + +DUKE COMBE, William Combe, author of _Dr. Syntax_, and translator of +_The Devil upon Two Sticks_, from _Le Diable Boiteux_ of Lesage. He +was called _duke_ from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his +table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years +of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823). + +DULCAMA'RA _(Dr.)_, an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity; +very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.--Donizetti, _L'Elisire +d'Amore_ (1832). + +DULCARNON. (See DHU'L KARNEIN.) + +DULCIFLUOUS DOCTOR, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns +Scotus school (_-1320). + +DULCIN'EA DEL TOBO'SO, the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was a +fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don +was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was +Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogalês. Sancho Panza +describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. I +(1605). + + "Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of + gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows + two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of + glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her + lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of + Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands + are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than + the new-fallen snow." + + Ask you for whom my tears do flow so? + 'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso. + _Don Quixote_, I iii. 11 (1605). + +DULL, a constable.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594). + +DU'MACHUS. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's _Golden +Legend_, and the penitent thief is called Titus. + +In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemis_, the impenitent thief is +called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas. + +In the story of _Joseph of Arimathea_, the impenitent thief is called +Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas. + + Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas. + _A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves_. + + Dismas in paradise would dwell, + But Gesmas chose his lot in hell. + +DUMAIN, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He +agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time +no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken +as soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however, +he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months +and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for, +she said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say." + + The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth, + Of all that virtue love for virtue loved; + Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill; + For he hath wit to make an ill shape good, + And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit. + +Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_, act ii. sc. I (1594). + +DU'MARIN, the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.--Spenser, +_Fairy Queen_, in. 4. + +DUMAS _(Alexandre_ D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes. + +The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty +do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60 +pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and +60 in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time, +but worked without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire +year.--De Mirecourt, _Dumas Père_ (1867). + +DUMB OX _(The)._ St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his +fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess. +Sometimes called "The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied, +fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald. + + Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh + To see men leaving the golden grain, + To gather in piles the pitiful chaff + That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his + brain, + To have it caught up and tossed again + On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne. + +Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called "The Angelic Doctor," and the +"Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.) + +DUMBIEDIKES (_The old laird of_), an exacting landlord, taciturn and +obstinate. + +The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions +... but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to +think so broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden. +He regulated, indeed, his management of his dependants as carters +do their horses, never failing to clap an additional brace of +hundred-weights on a new and willing horse.--Chap. 8 (1818). + +_The young laird of Dumbiedikes_ (3 _syl_.), a bashful young laird, in +love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister, +Reuben Butler.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George +II.). + +DUM'MERAR (_The Rev. Dr._), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +DUMMY or SUPERNUMERARY. "Celimène," in the _Précieuses Ridicules_, +does not utter a single word, although she enters with other +characters on the stage. + +DUMTOUS'TIE (_Mr. Daniel_), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord +Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +DUN (_Squire_), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and Jack +Ketch. + + And presently a halter got, + Made of the best strong hempen teer, + And ere a cat could lick his ear, + Had tied him up with as much art + As Dun himself could do for's heart. + +Cotton, _Virgil Travestied_, iv. (1677). + +DUN COW (_The_), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was +the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [_middle-fold_], Shropshire. +Its milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her +pail, wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged +the cow that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was +killed. + +[Illustration] A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at +Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow. + +DUNBAR AND MARCH _(George, earl of_), who deserted to Henry IV. of +England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's +eldest son was broken off by court intrigue. + +_Elizabeth Dunbar_, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March, +betrothed to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III. +of Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal +in favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and +became duchess of Rothsay.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, +Henry IV.). + +DUNCAN "the Meek," king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and grandson +of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was the son +of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and Macbeth +were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded Scotland, +the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo, and so +great was their success that only ten men of the invading army were +left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth +in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The +successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped +the crown.--Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606). + +_Duncan (Captain)_, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of +Buckingham.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). +_Duncan (Duroch)_, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.--Sir W. Scott, +_Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +DUNCE, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed "Scotus." + +In the Gaelic, _donas [means]_ "bad luck" or in contempt, "a poor +ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotch has _donsie_, "unfortunate, +stupid."--_Notes and Queries_, 225, September 21, 1878. + +DUN'CIAD ("_the dunce epic_"), a satire by Alexander Pope--written to +revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden +the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley +Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the +most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in +verse and the other in prose, without nodding." King Cibber is then +taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the +goddess. In his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the +goddess having established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and +Chaos are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42). + +DUNDAS, _(Starvation)_, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So called +because he introduced into the language the word _starvation_, in a +speech on American affairs (1775). + +DUNDER _(Sir David_), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable, +conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker +with "Yes, yes, I know it," or "Be quiet, I know it." He rarely +finishes a sentence, but runs on in this style: "Dover is an odd sort +of a--eh?" "It is a dingy kind of a--humph!" "The ladies will be happy +to--eh?" He is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he +accidentally detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent +a scandal, he sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two +lovers, both in family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law. + +_Lady Dunder_, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more +fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers +cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself. +(See HARRIET and KITTY.)--G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788). + +William Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir Anthony Absolute," "Sir Peter +Teazle," "Sir David Dunder," and "Sir John Falstaff," and looked the +very characters he represented.--W. Donaldson, _Recollections_. + +[Illustration] "Sir Anthony Absolute," in _The Rivals_ (Sheridan); +"Sir Peter Teazle," in _The School for Scandal_ (Sheridan). + +DUNDREAR'Y _(Lord)_, a good natured, indolent, blundering, +empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece +entitled _Our American Cousin_. He is greatly characterized by his +admiration of "Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the +sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who +differ from him. + +(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of +conception and the genius of his acting.) + +DUNIOS _(The count de_), in Sir W. Scott's novel of _Quentin Durward_ +(time, Edward IV.). + +DUNOIS THE BRAVE, hero of the famous French song, set to music by +Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called _Partant pour +Syrie_. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was: + + Que j'aime la plus belle, + Et sois le plus vaillant! + +He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him +his daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud: + + Amour à la plus belle! + Honneur an plus vaillant! + Words by M. de Laborde (1809). + +DUN'OVER, a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the +introduction of _The Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +DUNROMMATH, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off +Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul, +son of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight. + +Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But +the spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his +head as it bended in death.--Ossian, _Oithoha_. + +DUNS SCOTUS, called "The Subtle Doctor," said to have been born at +Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308). + +John Scotus, called _Erigena_ ("Erin-born"), is quite another person +(_-886). Erigena is sometimes called "Scotus the Wise," and lived four +centuries before "The Subtle Doctor." + +DUN-SHUNNER _(Augustus)_, a _nom de plnme_ of Professor William +Edmonstoune Aytoun, in _Blackwood's Magazine_ (1813-1865). + +DUNS'TAN _(St.)_, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was a +smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury +Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a +gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the +nose with a pair of red-hot forceps. + +DUNTHAL'MO, lord of Teutha _(the Tweed)._ He went "in his pride +against Rathmor," chief of Clutha (_the Clyde_), but being overcome, +"his rage arose," and he went "by night with his warriors" and slew +Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons +(Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them +up. "They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars." +But observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be +suspicious of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on +the banks of the Tweed, where neither "the sun penetrated by day nor +the moon by night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a +young warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the +court of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal +sent his son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo, +hearing of their approach, gathered together his strength and slew +Colmar. He also seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound +him to an oak. At daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo, +and having released Calthon, "gave him to the white-bosomed +Colmal."--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_. + +DUPELEY (_Sir Charles_), a man who prided himself on his discernment +of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in matrimony; +but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an +unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her. + + "I should like to see the woman," he says, + "that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman + ...and at the first glance I will discover the + whole extent of her artifice."--Burgoyne, _The + Maid of the Oaks_, i. I. + +DUPRÈ [_Du.Pray_'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his master +in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets of +Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property. +Duprè repents and confesses the crime.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and +Dumb_ (1785). + +DURAN'DAL, the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So +admirable was its temper that it would "cleave the Pyrenees at a +blow."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516) + +DURANDAR'TE (_4 syl_.), a knight who fell at Roncesvallês (_4 syl_.). +Durandartê loved Belerma whom he served for seven years, and was then +slain; but in dying he requested his cousin Montesi'nos to take his +heart to Belerma. + + Sweet in manners, fair in favor, + Mild in temper, fierce in fight. + Lewis. + +DUR'DEN _(Dame)_, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five +men-servants "to use the spade and flail," and five women-servants "to +carry the milken-pail." The five men loved the five maids. Their names +were: + + Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail; + John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail. + _A Well-known Glee_. + +(In _Bleak House_, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called +"Dame Durden.") + +DURETETE _(Captain)_, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in +gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies, +and for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully +_[Dure-tait, Be-zar']._--G. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702). + +DURINDA'NA, Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi. This +sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero. + +[Illustration] Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" was also buried with him, +and "Tizo'na" was buried with the Cid. + +DUROTI'GES (4. _syl_.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire) came +the Durotigês, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum +(_Dorchester_), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (_Portland +Isle_).--Richard of Cireneestre, _Ancient State of Britain_, vi. 15. + +The Durotigês on the Dorsetian sand. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613). + +DURWARD (_Quentin_), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott. +Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed _LeBalafré_). +He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in +the pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a +boar-hunt. When Lèigeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward +and the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess +publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orlèans, and ultimately marries +the young Scotchman. + +DUSRONNAL, one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish +tribes. The other was "Sulin-Sifadda" (_q. v._). + + Before the left side of the car is seen the + snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed, + strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill. + His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of + the sword ... the [_two_] steeds like wreaths of + mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is + in their course, the strength of eagles descending + on the prey.--Ossian, _Fingal_ i. + +DUTCH SCHOOL of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and +truthfullness to life:--For _Portraits_: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals, +and Vanderhelst. + +For _Conversation pieces_: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and +Netscher. + +For _low life_: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen. + +For _landscapes_: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (_moonlight +scenes_), Berchem and A. Both. + +For _battle scenes_: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg. + +For _marine pieces_: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen. + +For _still life and flowers_: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De +Heem. + +DUTCH HOUSEWIFERY. In his papers upon _Old New York_ (1846), John +Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers. + + "The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was + always extreme. Everything had to submit to + scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could + be endured by them, and dear as water was in + the city, where it was generally sold, still it was + in perpetual requisition. It was their honest + pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing + copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for + ornament rather than for use. In all this they + differed widely from the Germans, a people with + whom they have been erroneously and often + confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not + more different. As water draws one it repels + the other." + +DUTTON (_Mrs. Dolly_), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.--Sir W. +Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time George II.). + +DWARF. The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:-- + +ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids. + +ARISTRATOS, the poet. "So small," says Athenaeos, "that no one could +see him." + +BEBE (2 _syl_), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of +Poland (died 1764). BORUWLASKI (_Count Joseph_), 2 feet 4 inches. Died +aged 98 (1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs. + +BUCHINGER (_Matthew_), who had no arms or legs, but _fins_ from the +shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy. +Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born +1674-_). + +CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant. + +COLO'BRI (_Prince_), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851). + +CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of +Augustus. + +COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III. +The last court-dwarf in England. + +CRACHAMI (_Caroline_), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her +skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824). + +DECKER or DUCKER (_John_), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610). + +FARREL (_Owen_), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous +strength (died 1742). + +FERRY (_Nicholas_), usually called Bébé, contemporary with Boruwlaski. +He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died +1737). + +GIBSON (_Richard_) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet. +Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs +in the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his +presence; and they had nine children (1615-1690). + + Design or chance makes others wive, + But Nature did this match contrive. + + Waller (1642). + +HUDSON (_Sir Jeffrey_), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in +Rutlandshire (1619--1678). + +LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus. +PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that "he wore leaden shoes to prevent +being blown away by the wind" (died B.C. 280). + +PHILIPS (_Calvin_) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not +thicker than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts, +in 1791. + +RITCHIE (_David_), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale. + +SOUVRAY (_Therese_). + +STOBEUIN (_C.H._) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20. +His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium +height. + +THUMB (_General Tom_). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25 +inches; weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport, +Connecticut, in 1832. + +THUMB (_Tom_), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf. + +XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI. + +[Illustration] Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf "not +bigger than a partridge." + +_Dwarf_ of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse, +which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon +of of Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried +Valentine to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of +Constantinople. _Valentine and Orson_ (fifteenth century). + +_Dwarf_ (_The Black_), a fairy of malignant propensities, and +considered the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In +Sir W. Scott's novel so called, this imp is introduced under various +_aliases_, as Sir Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie, +and the Wise Wight of Micklestane Moor. + +DWARF ALBERICH, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice +vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of +invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.--_The Niebelungen +Lied_ (1210). + +DWARF PETER, an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is a +castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice +turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is +meant for "the law in our members, which wars against the law of our +minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin." + +DWINING (_Henbane_), a pottingar or apothecary.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair +Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +DYING SAYINGS (real or traditional): + +ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! _or_ See in what peace a Christian +can die! + +ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday. + +[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful. + +[ç] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in +life.)--Cicero. + +BEAUFORT (_Cardinal Henry_). I pray you all, pray for me. + +BERRY (_Mde. de_). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness? + +BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is +will. (He died standing.) + +BYRON. I must sleep now. + +[§] CÆSAR (_Julius_). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.) + +[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit! + +CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of +Canterbury). + +CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne). + +CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus! + +CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I +have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (_The Princess_). You make +me drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head. + +CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair. + +COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit! + +CROME (_John_), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee! + +CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone. + +[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is +over.--Lucian. + +ELDEN (_Lord_). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather +be cold or hot. + +FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living +longer. + +FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy. + +GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the +company. + +GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have +deceived me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller). + +GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu! + +[¶] GOETHE. More light! + +GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die +in exile. + +[*] GREY (_Lady Jane_). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit! + +GROTIUS. Be serious. + +HADYN. God preserve the emperor! + +HALLER. The artery ceases to beat. + +HAZLITT. I have led a happy life. + +HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage--a great leap in the +dark. + +[||] HUNTER (_Dr. William_). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would +write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die. + +IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen. + +JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass +(_i.e._ the Scotch crown). + +JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my +country. + +JOHNSON (_Dr._). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris). + +KNOX. Now it is come. + +LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: "He turned his face to the wall; and +twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (_out, out_), and then died." + +LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord. + +[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever? +(Then after a pause) I thought dying had been harder. + +[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing. + +MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of +paradise. + +MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie! +qu'on ne m'en parle plus. + +MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your +father. + +[§] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.) + +MATHEWS (_Charles_). I am ready. + +MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music. + +MOODY (the actor): + + Reason thus with life, + If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing + That none but fools would keep. + + Shakespeare. + +MOORE (_Sir John_). I hope my country will do me justice. + +NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! Tête d'armée! + +NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.) + +NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty. + +NERO. Qualis artifex pereo! + +PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he +said on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From +_The Stranger_.) + +PITT (_William_). O, my country, how I love thee! + +PIZARRO. Jesu! + +POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue. + +[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over. + +SAND (_George_). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, "Leave the tomb green, +do not cover it over with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde. +Dudevant.) + +SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding. + +SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY +(_Algernon_). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old +cause. + +SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to Æsculapius. + +STAEL (_Mde. de_). I have loved God, my father, and liberty. + +[¶] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see. + +[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit! + +THURLOW (_Lord_). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying. + +[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing. + +WEBSTER. I still live! + +WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician). + +WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor +nation! (This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584). + +WOLFE (_General_). What! do they run already? Then I die happy. + +WYATT (_Thomas_) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say +is true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the +Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged +her to be innocent.) + +[Illustration] Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that +the "dying words" ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus +the [*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show +that their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and +Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [§] before +Cæsar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.; +and the [¶] before Goethe and Talma. + +DYS'COLUS, Moroseness personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas +Fletcher (1633). "He nothing liked or praised." Fully described in +canto viii. (Greek, _duskolos_, "fretful.") + +DYSMAS, DISMAS, OR DEMAS, the penitent thief crucified with our Lord. +The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas. + + Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas. + + _Part of a Charm_. + + To paradise thief Dismas went, + But Gesmas died impenitent. + +EADBURGH, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and Eadgifu, +his wife. When three years old, her father placed on the child some +rings and bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a book of the +Gospels, asking which she would have. The child chose the chalice and +book, and Edward was pleased that "the child would be a daughter of +God." She became a nun, and lived and died in Winchester. + +EAGLE (_The_), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war, +the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but +Marius abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called +emphatically "The Roman Bird." + +_Eagle (The Theban)_, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442). + +EAGLE OF BRITTANY, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France +(1320-1380). + +EAGLE OF DIVINES, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274). + +EAGLE OF MEAUX [_Mo_], Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux +(1627-1704). + +EAGLE OF THE DOCTORS OF FRANCE, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer, +who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425). + +EARNSCLIFFE (_Patrick_), the young laird of Earnscliffe.--Sir W. +Scott, _Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +EASTWARD HO! a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this +drama the three authors were imprisoned "for disrespect to their +sovereign lord, King James I." (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!). + +EASTY (_Mary_), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft, +sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her +innocence. Of her accusers she says: "I know, and the Lord, He knows +(as will shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not +but they do others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts +knows, as I shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the +least thing of witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie +my own soul."--Robert Caleb, _More Wonders of the Invisible World_ +(1700). + +EASY (_Midshipman_), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name. + +_Easy (Sir Charles)_, a man who hates trouble; "so lazy, even in his +pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than +go through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is +resolved in future to "follow no pleasure that rises above the degree +of amusement." "When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and +usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds, +and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and +I would as soon converse with my solicitor." (act iii.). + +_Lady Easy_, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows +all his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of +ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.--Colley +Cibber, _The Careless Husband_ (1704). + +EATON THEOPHILUS (_Governor_). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton, Dr. +Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent +Christian man between stoicism and resignation. + +"There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid +senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission +thereunto." + +"In his daily life", we are told, "he was affable, courteous, and +generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and +circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that +it became a proverb for incontestable truth,"--"Governor Eaton said +it."--Cotton Mather, _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702). + +EBERSON (_Ear_), the young son of William de la Marck, "The Wild Boar +of Ardennes."--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.). + +EBLIS, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but, +refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he +was called Aza'zel. The _Korân_ says: "When We [_God_] said unto the +angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused +... and became of the number of unbelievers" (ch. ii.). + +EBON SPEAR (_Knight of the_), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of +Wales.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590). + +EBRAUC, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king +of England. He built Kaer-brauc [_York_], about the time that David +reigned in Judea.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 7 (1142). + + By Ebrauk's powerful hand + York lifts her towers aloft. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612). + +ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY (_The Father of_), Eusebius of Cæsarea +(264-340). + +[Illustration] His _Historia Fcclesiastica_, in ten books, begins +with the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by +Constantine, A.D. 324. + +ECHEPH'RON, an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King +Picrochole (3 _syl_.), by relating to them the fable of _The Man and +his Ha'p'orth of Milk_. The fable is as follows:-- + +A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make +butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the +calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob; +only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to +bed.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, i. 33 (1533.) + +This fable is told in the _Arabian Nights_ ("The Barber's Fifth +Brother, Alnas-char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, _Perrette et +le Pot au Lait_. Dodsley has the same, _The Milk-maid and her Pail of +Milk_. + +ECHO, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in +Ossian echo is called "the son of the rock."--_Songs of Selma._ + +ECK'HART _(The Trusty_), a good servant, who perishes to save his +master's children from the mountain fiends.--Louis Tieck. + +(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.) + +ECLECTA, the "Elect" personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas +Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta _(free-will)_, +and ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom" +(canto xii., 1633). + +But let the Kentish lad [_Phineas Fletcher_] ... that sung and crowned +Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be +the sweet pipe. + +Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph, etc_, (1610). + +ÉCOLE DES FEMMES, a comedy of Molière, the plot of which is borrowed +from the novelletti of _Ser Giovanni_ (1378.) + +ECTOR (_Sir_), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and +foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal +or steward of Arthur when he became king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 3 (1470.) + +[Illustration] Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct +persons. + +ECTOR DE MARIS (_Sir_), brother "of Sir Launcelot" of Benwick, _i.e._ +Brittany. + + +Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from him, and +... he fell down in a swoon; and when he awaked, it were hard for any +tongue to tell the doleful complaints [_lamentations_] that he made +for his brother. "Ah, Sir Launcelot" said he "head of all Christian +knights." ... etc.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. +176 (1470.) + +EDEN (_A Journey to the land of_), Col. William Evelyn Byrd of +Westover Virginia gives this name to a tract of Southern Virginia +surveyed under his direction and visited by him in one of his numerous +expeditions for the good of the young colony. + +(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own ground the cities of Richmond and +Petersburgh, Va.)--William Evelyn Byrd, _Westover MSS._ (1728-39). + +_Eden_, in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally +proved fatal to the poor dupes who were induced to settle there +through the swindling transactions of General Scadder and General +Choke. So dismal and dangerous was the place, that even Mark Tapley +was satisfied to have found at last a place where he could "come out +jolly with credit."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844). + +EDENHALL (_The Luck of_) an old painted goblet, left by the fairies +on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Edenhall. The superstition is +that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more +luck in the family. The goblet is in possession of Sir Christopher +Musgrave, bart. Edenhall, Cumberland. + +[Illustration] Longfellow has a poem on _The Luck of Edenhall_, +translated from Uhland. + +EDGAR (959-775), "king of all the English," was not crowned till he +had reigned thirteen years (A.D. 973). Then the ceremony was performed +at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal +kings came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to +him by land and sea. The eight are Kenneth (_king of Scots_), Malcolm +(_of Cumberland_), Maccus (_of the Isles_), and five Welsh princes, +whose names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight +kings rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester +to St. John's, where they offered prayer and then returned. + + At Chester, while he, [_Edgar_] lived at more than kingly charge. + Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his barge. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613). + +_Edgar_, son of Gloucester, and his lawful heir. He was disinherited +by Edmund, natural son of the earl.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605). + +[Illustration] This was one of the characters of Robert Wilks +(1670-1732), and also of Charles Kemble (1774-1854). + +_Edgar_, master of Ravenswood, son of Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed +Scotch nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked by a wild bull, is saved +by Edgar, who shoots it; and the two falling in love with each other, +plight their mutual troth, and exchange love-tokens at the "Mermaid's +Fountain." While Edgar is absent in France on State affairs, Sir +William Ashton, being deprived of his office as lord keeper, is +induced to promise his daughter Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston, +laird of Bucklaw, and they are married; but next morning, Bucklaw is +found wounded and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy +dies in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar is +lost in the quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an ancient +prophecy. Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.). + +[Illustration] In the opera, Edgar is made to stab himself. + +_Edgar_, an attendant on Prince Robert of Scotland.--Sir W. Scott, +_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time Henry IV.). + +EDGARDO, master of Ravenswood, in love with Lucia di Lammermoor [_Lucy +Ashton_]. While absent in France on State affairs, the lady is led to +believe him faithless, and consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw; but +she stabs him on the bridal night, goes mad, and dies. Edgardo also +stabs himself. Donizetti, _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). + +[Illustration] In the novel called _The Bride of Lammermoor_, by +Sir W. Scott, Edgar is lost in the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in +accordance with an ancient prophecy. + +EDGEWOOD (_L'Abbe_), who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was +called "Mons. de Firmount," a corruption of Fairymount, in Longford +(Ireland), where the Edgeworths had extensive domains. + +EDGING (_Mistress_), a prying, mischief making waiting-woman, in _The +Careless Husband_, by Colly Cibber (1704.) EDITH (_Leete_). Name of +the two girls beloved and won by Julian West in his first and second +lives.--Edward Bellamy, _Looking Backward_ (1888). + +_Edith_, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor of Rollo and Otto, dukes of +Normandy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639). + +_Edith_, the "maid of Lorn" (_Argyllshire_), was on the point of being +married to Lord Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel Bruce sought +shelter at the castle. Edith's brother recognized Robert Bruce, and +being in the English interest a quarrel ensued. The abbot refused +to marry the bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith fled and in the +character of a page had many adventures, but at the restoration of +peace, after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly married to Lord +Ronald.--Sir W. Scott, _Lord of the Isles_ (1815). + +_Edith (the lady)_, mother of Athelstane "the Unready" (thane of +Conningsburgh).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Edith_ [GRANGER], daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton, married at the +age of 18 to Colonel Granger of "Ours," who died within two years, +when Edith and her mother lived as adventuresses. Edith became Mr. +Dombey's second wife, but the marriage was altogether an unhappy one, +and she eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, where she left him, having +taken this foolish step merely to annoy her husband for the slights to +which he had subjected her. On leaving Carker she went to live with +her cousin Feenix, in the south of England.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and +Son_ (1846). + +EDITH PLANTAGENET (_The lady_), called "The Fair Maid of Anjou," a +kinswoman of Richard I., and attendant of Queen Berenga'ria. She +married David, earl of Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), and is +introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Talisman_ (1825). + +EDMUND, natural son of the earl of Gloucester. Both Goneril and Regan +(daughters of King Lear) were in love with him. Regan, on the death of +her husband, designed to marry Edmund, but Goneril, out of jealousy, +poisoned her sister Regan.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605). + +_Edmund Andros_. In a letter to English friends (1698) Nathaniel +Byfield writes particulars of the revolt in the New England Colonies +against the royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros. + + "We have, also, advice that on Friday last + Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an + escape in woman's apparel, and passed two + guards and was stopped at the third, being discovered + by his shoes, not having changed + them." Nathaniel Byfield.--_An Account of the + Late Revolution in New England_ (1689). + +_Edmund Dante_ (See MONTE CRISTO). + +EDO'NIAN BANE (_The_), priestesses and other ministers of Bacchus, +so called from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, where the rites of the +wine-god were celebrated. + + Accept the rites your bounty well may claim, + Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band. + + Akinside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767). + +EDRIC, a domestic at Hereward's barracks.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert +of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +EDWARD, brother of Hereward the Varangian guard. He was slain in +battle.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). _Edward +(Sir)._ He commits a murder, and keeps a narrative of the transaction +in an iron chest. Wilford, a young man who acts as his secretary, was +one day caught prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's first impulse +was to kill him; but on second thought he swore the young man to +secrecy, and told him the story of the murder. Wilford, unable to live +under the suspicious eye of Sir Edward, ran away; but was hunted down +by Edward, and accused of robbery. The whole transaction now became +public, and Wilford was acquitted.--G. Colman, _The Iron Chest_ +(1796). + +[Illustration] This drama is based on Goodwin's novel of _Caleb +Williams_. "Williams" is called _Wilford_ in the drama, and "Falkland" +is called _Sir Edward_. + + Sowerby, whose mind was always in a ferment, + was wont to commit the most ridiculous + mistakes. Thus when "Sir Edward" says to + "Wilford," "You may have noticed in my + library a chest," he transposes the words thus: + "You may have noticed in my chest a library," + and the house was convulsed with laughter.-- + Russell, _Representative Actors_ (appendix). + +EDWARD II., a tragedy by C. Marlowe (1592), imitated by Shakespeare in +his _Richard II_. (1597). Probably most readers would prefer Marlowe's +noble tragedy to Shakespeare's. + +EDWARD IV. of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel +entitled _Anne_ of _Geierstein_ (1829). + +EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, a tragedy by W. Shirley (1640). The subject +of this drama is the victory of Poitiers. + + Yes, Philip lost the battle [_Cressy_] with the odds + Of three to one. In this [_Poitiers_]... + The have our numbers more than twelve times + told, + If we can trust report. + + Act iii. 2. + +ED'WIDGE, wife of William Tell.--Rossini, _Guglielmo Tell_ (1829). + +EDWIN "the minstrel," a youth living in romantic seclusion, with a +great thirst for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days in the north +countrie, and fed his flocks on Scotia's mountains. + + And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy, + Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye, + Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy, + Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy; + Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy ... + And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why. + The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the + lad; + + Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some believed + him mad. + Beattie, _The Minstrel_, 1. (1773). + +EDWIN AND ANGELI'NA. Angelina was the daughter of a wealthy lord, +"beside the Tyne." Her hand was sought in marriage by many suitors, +amongst whom was Edwin, "who had neither wealth nor power, but he had +both wisdom and worth." Angelina loved him, but "trifled with him," +and Edwin, in despair, left her and retired from the world. One day, +Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospitality at a hermit's cell; she +was kindly entertained, told her tale, and the hermit proved to +be Edwin. From that hour they never parted more.--Goldsmith, _The +Hermit._ + +A correspondent accuses me of having taken this ballad from _The Friar +of Orders Gray_ ... but if there is any resemblance between the two, +Mr. Percy's ballad is taken from mine. I read my ballad to Mr. Percy, +and he told me afterwards that he had taken my plan to form the +fragments of Shakespeare into a ballad of his own.--Signed, O. +Goldsmith, 1767. + +EDWIN AND EMMA. Emma was a rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved Edwin +"the pride of swains;" but Edwin's sister, out of envy, induced his +father, "a sordid man," to forbid any intercourse between Edwin and +the cottage. Edwin pined away, and being on the point of death, +requested he might be allowed to see Emma. She came and said to him, +"My Edwin, live for me;" but on her way home she heard the death bell +toll. She just contrived to reach her cottage door, cried to her +mother, "He's gone!" and fell down dead at her feet.--Mallet, _Edwin +and Emma_ (a ballad). + +ED'YRN, son of Nudd. He ousted the earl of Yn'iol from his earldom, +and tried to to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing in this, +became the evil genius of the gentle earl. Ultimately, being sent +to the court of King Arthur, he became quite a changed man--from +a malicious "sparrow-hawk" he was converted into a courteous +gentleman.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid"). + +EFESO (_St_.), a saint honored in Pisa. He was a Roman officer +[_Ephesus_] in the service of Diocletian, whose reign was marked by +a great persecution of the Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was +appointed to see the decree of the emperor against the obnoxious sect +carried out in the island of Sardinia; but being warned in a dream not +to persecute the servants of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito +embraced Christianity, and received a standard from Michael the +archangel himself. On one occasion, being taken captive, St. Efeso was +cast into a furnace of fire, but received no injury; whereas those who +cast him in were consumed by the flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and +Potito suffered martyrdom, and were buried in the island of Sardinia. +When, however, that island was conquered by Pisa in the eleventh +century, the relics of the two martyrs were carried off and interred +in the duomo of Pisa, and the banner of St. Efeso was thenceforth +adopted as the national ensign of Pisa. + +EGALITÉ (_Philippe_), the duc d'Orléans, father of Louis Philippe, +king of France. He himself assumed this "title" when he joined the +revolutionary party, whose motto was "Liberty, Fraternity, and +Egalité" (born 1747, guillotined 1793). + +EGE'US (3 _syl_.), father of Her'mia. He summoned her before The'seus +(2 _syl_.), duke of Athens, because she refused to marry Demetrius, to +whom he had promised her in marriage; and he requested that she might +either be compelled to marry him or else be dealt with "according to +law," _i.e._ "either to die the death," or else to "endure the livery +of a nun, and live a barren sister all her life." Hermia refused to +submit to an "unwished yoke," and fled from Athens with Lysander. +Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked him but that Hel'ena doted on +him, consented to abandon the one and wed the other. When Egëus was +informed thereof, he withdrew his summons, and gave his consent to the +union of his daughter with Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's +Dream_ (1592). + +[Illustration] S. Knowles, in _The Wife_, makes the plot turn on a +similar "law of marriage" (1833). + +E'GIL, brother of Weland; a great archer. One day, King Nidung +commanded him to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son. +Egil selected two arrows, and being asked why he wanted two, replied, +"One to shoot thee with, O tyrant, if I fail." + +(This is one of the many stories similar to that of _William Tell, +q.v._) EGILO'NA, the wife of Roderick, last of the Gothic kings of +Spain. She was very beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond of +pomp. After the fall of Roderick, Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the +Moorish governor of Spain; and when Abdal-Aziz was killed by the +Moorish rebels, Egilona fell also. + + The popular rage + Fell on them both; and they to whom her name + Had been a mark for mockery and reproach, + Shuddered with human horror at her fate. + + Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814). + +EG'IA, a female Moor, a servant to Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the +covetous lawyer).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622). + +EG'LAMOUR (_Sir_) or SIR EGLAMORE of Artoys, a knight of Arthurian +romance. Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have no French original, +although the names themselves are French. + +_Eg'lamour_, the person who aids Silvia, daughter of the duke of +Milan, in her escape.--Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ +(1594). + +EGLANTINE (3 _syl_.). daughter of King Pepin, and bride of her cousin +Valentine (brother of Orson). She soon died.--_Valentine and Orson_ +(fifteenth century). + +_Eglantine (Madame)_, the prioress; good-natured, wholly ignorant +of the world, vain of her delicacy of manner at table, and fond of +lap-dogs. Her dainty oath was "By Saint Eloy!" She "entuned the +service swetely in her nose," and spoke French "after the scole of +Stratford-atte-Bowe."--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388). + +EGMONT. Dutch patriot executed by order of Philip II. of +Spain.--Goethe's _Egmont_ (1788). + +EGYPT, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, means France. + + Egypt and Tyrus [_Holland_] intercept your + trade. + Part i. (1681). + +EGYPTIAN PRINCESS. Nitetis, the real daughter of Hophra, king of +Egypt, and the assumed daughter of Amases, his successor. She was +sent to Persia, as the bride of Cambyses, the king, but before +their marriage, was falsely accused of infidelity, and committed +suicide.--George Ebers, _An Egyptian Princess_. + +EGYPTIAN THIEF (_The_), Thyamis, a native of Memphis. Knowing he must +die, he tried to kill Chariclea, the woman he loved. + + Why should I not, had I the heart to do it, + Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death, + Kill what I love? + Shakespeare, _Twelth Night_, act v. sc. 1 (1614). + +EIGHTH WONDER (_The_). When Gil Blas reached Pennaflor, a parasite +entered his room in the inn, hugged him with great energy, and called +him the "eighth wonder." When Gil Blas replied that he did not know +his name had spread so far, the parasite exclaimed, "How! we keep a +register of all the celebrated names within twenty leagues, and have +no doubt Spain will one day be as proud of you as Greece was of the +seven sages." After this, Gil Blas could do no less than ask the man +to sup with him. Omelet after omelet was despatched, trout was called +for, bottle followed bottle, and when the parasite was gorged to +satiety, he rose and said, "Signor Gil Blas, don't believe yourself to +be the eighth wonder of the world because a hungry man would feast +by flattering your vanity." So saying, he stalked away with a +laugh.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 2 (1715). + +(This incident is copied from Aleman's romance of _Guzman d' +Alfarache, q.v._) + +EIKON BASIL'IKÊ (4 _syl_.), the portraiture of a king _(i.e._ Charles +I.), once attributed to King Charles himself; but now admitted to be +the production of Dr. John Gauden, who (after the restoration) was +first created Bishop of Exeter, and then of Worcester (1605-1662). + +In the _Eikon Basilikê_ a strain of majestic melancholy is kept up, +but the personated sovereign is rather too theatrical for real +nature, the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the periods too +artificially elaborated.--Hallam, _Literature of Europe_, iii. 662. + +(Milton wrote his _Eikonoclasêts_ in answer to Dr. Gauden's _Eikon +Baslikê_.) + +EINER'IAR, the hall of Odin, and asylum of warriors slain in battle. +It had 540 gates, each sufficiently wide to admit eight men abreast to +pass through.--_Scandinavian Mythology._ + +EINION (_Father_), Chaplain to Gwenwyn Prince of Powys-land.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.). + +EIROS. Imaginary personage, who in the other world holds converse with +"Charmion" upon the tragedy that has wrecked the world. The cause of +the ruin was "the extraction of the nitrogen from the atmosphere." + + "The whole incumbent mass of ether in which + we existed burst at once into a species of intense + flame for whose surpassing brilliancy and all + fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven + of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended + all."--Edgar Allen Poe, _Conversation of Eiros and + Charmion_ (1849). + +ELVIR, a Danish maid, who assumes boy's clothing, and waits on Harold +"the Dauntless," as his page! Subsequently her sex is discovered, and +Harold marries her.--Sir. W. Scott, _Harold the Dauntless_ (1817). + +ELAIN, sister of King Arthur by the same mother. She married Sir +Nentres of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the mother of Mordred. (See +ELEIN)--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. (1470). + +[Illustration] In some of the romances there is great confusion +between Elain (the sister) and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur. +Both are called the mother of Mordred, and both are also called the +wife of Lot. This, however, is a mistake. Elain was the wife of Sir +Nentres, and Morgause of Lot; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Gareth and +Gaheris were [half] brothers of Mordred, as we are told over and over +again, then Morgause and not Elain was his mother. Tennyson makes +Bellicent the wife of Lot, but this is not in accordance with any of +the legends collected by Sir T. Malory. + +ELAINE (_Dame_), daughter of King Pelles (2 _syl_.) "the foragn +country," and the unwedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir Launcelot du +Lac.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 1 (1470). + +_Elaine_, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had +a child. + +[Illustration] It is by no means clear from the history whether Elaine +was the daughter of King Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors and +granddaughter of King Brandegoris. + +_Elaine_' (2 _syl_.), the strong contrast of Guinevere. Guinevere's +love for Launcelot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was platonic and +pure as that of a child; but both were masterful in their strength. +Elaine is called "the lily maid of Astolat" (_Guildford_), and knowing +that Launcelot was pledged to celibacy, she pined and died. According +to her dying request, her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge, +and was thus conveyed by a dumb servitor to the palace of King Arthur. +A letter was handed to the king, telling the tale of Elaine's love, +and the king ordered the body to be buried, and her story to be +blazoned on her tomb.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine"). + +EL'AMITES (3 _syl_.), Persians. So called from Elam, son of Shem. + +EL'BERICH, the most famous dwarf of German romance.--_The Heldenbuch_. + +EL'BOW, a well-meaning but loutish constable.--Shakespeare, _Measure +for Measure_ (1603). + +EL'EANOR, queen-consort of Henry II., alluded to by the Presbyterian +minister in _Woodstock_, x. (1826). + + "Believe me, young man, thy servant was + more likely to see visions than to dream idle + dreams in that apartment; for I have always + heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which + ... she played the wanton, and was afterwards + poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's + chamber was the place ... peculiarly the + haunt of evil spirits."--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ + (time, Commonwealth). + +ELEANOR CROSSES, twelve or fourteen crosses erected by Edward I. in +the various towns where the body of his queen rested, when it was +conveyed from Herdelie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. The three that +still remain are Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham. ELEAZAR the +Moor, insolent, bloodthirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like "Aaron," +in [Shakespeare's?] _Titus An-dron'icus._ The lascivious queen of +Spain is in love with this monster.--C. Marlowe, _Lust's dominion_ or +_The Lascivious Queen_ (1588). + +_Elea'zar_, a famous mathematician, who cast out devils by tying to +the nose of the possessed a mystical ring, which the demon no sooner +smelled than he abandoned the victim. He performed before the Emperor +Vespasian; and to prove that something came out of the possessed, he +commanded the demon in making off to upset a pitcher of water, which +it did. + + I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under + their noses, we should have seen devils issue with + their breath, so loud were these disputants.-- + Lesage, _Gil Blas_, v. 12 (1724). + +ELECTOR (_The Great_), Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-1688). + +ELEIN, wife of King Ban of Benwick (_Brittany_), and mother of Sir +Launcelot and Sir Lionell. (See ELAIN.)--Sir T. Malory, _History of +Prince Arthur_, i. 60 (1470) + +ELEVEN THOUSAND VIRGINS (_The_), the virgins who followed St. Ur'sula +in her flight towards Rome. They were all massacred at Cologne by a +party of Huns, and even to the present hour "their bones" are shown +lining the whole interior of the Church of Ste. Ursula. + +A calendar in the Freisingen codex notices them as "SS. M. XL +VIRGINUM," this is, eleven virgin martyrs; but "M" (martyrs) being +taken for 1000, we get 11,000. It is furthermore remarkable that the +number of names known of these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2) +Sencia, (3) Gregoria, (4) Pinnosa, (5) Martha, (6) Saula, (7) +Brittola, (8) Saturnina, (9) Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturia or +Saturnia, and (11) Palladia. + +ELFENREIGEN [_el.f'n-ri.gn_] (4 _syl_.) or Alpleich, that weird music +with which Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led forth the rats +into the river Weser, and the children into a cave in the mountain +Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so called. + +EL'FETA, wife of Cambuscan', king of Tartary. + +EL'FLIDA or AETHELFLAEDA, daughter of King Alfred, and wife of +Aethelred, chief of that part of Mercia not claimed by the Danes. She +was a woman of enormous energy and masculine mind. At the death of her +husband, she ruled over Mercia, and proceeded to fortify city after +city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, Hertford, Witham, and so on. +Then attacking the Danes, she drove them from place to place, and kept +them from molesting her. + + When Elflida up-grew ... + The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued, + And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons hewed + Her way into the north. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613). + +ELFRIDE (_Swancourt_). Blue-eyed girl, betrothed first to Stephen +Smith; afterwards she loves passionately Henry Knight. He leaves +her in pique, and she weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after the +marriage.--Thomas Hardy, _A Pair of Blue Eyes_ (1873). + +ELF'THRYTH or AELF'THRYTH, daughter of Ordgar, noted for her great +beauty. King Edgar sent Aethelwald, his friend, to ascertain if she +were really as beautiful as report made her out to be. When Æthelwald +saw her he fell in love with her, and then, returning to the king, +said she was not handsome enough for the king, but was rich enough to +make a very eligible wife for himself. The king assented to the match, +and became godfather to the first child, who was called Edgar. One +day the king told his friend he intended to pay him a visit, and +Aethelwald revealed to his wife the story of his deceit, imploring +her at the same time to conceal her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely +indignant, did all she could to set forth her beauty. The king fell in +love with her, slew Aethelwald, and married the widow. + +A similar story is told by Herodotus; Prêxaspês being the lady's name, +and Kambysês the king's. + +EL'GITHA, a female attendant at Rotherwood on the Lady Rowe'na.--Sir +W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +E'LIA, pseudonym of Charles Lamb, author of the _Essays of Elia_ +(1823).--_London Magazine_. + +ELI'AB, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dry den and +Tate, is Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab befriended David (1 +_Chron_. xii. 9), so the earl befriended Charles II. + + Hard the task to do Eliab right; + Long with the royal wanderer he roved, + And firm in all the turns of fortune proved. + + _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682). + +E'LIAN GOD (_The_), Bacchus. An error for 'Eleuan, _i.e._ "the god +Eleleus" (3 _syl_). Bacchus was called _El'eleus_ from the Bacchic +cry, _eleleu_! + + As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god + Those priests high orgies held. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612). +EL'IDURE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "the Pious," brother of Gorbonian, and +one of the five sons of Morvi'dus (_q.v._). He resigned the crown to +his brother Arthgallo, who had been deposed. Ten years afterwards, +Arthgallo died, and Elidure was again advanced to the throne, but was +deposed and imprisoned by his two younger brothers. At the death of +these two brothers, Elidure was taken from prison, and mounted the +British throne for the third time.--Geoffrey, _British History_, iii. +17,18 (1470). + + Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive praise, + As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed + And put into the Tower ... but, the usurpers dead, + Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend head. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612). + +[Illustration] Wordsworth has a poem on this subject. + +ELIJAH FED BY RAVENS. While Elijah was at the brook Cherith, in +concealment, ravens brought him food every morning and evening.--1 +_Kings_ xvii. 6. + +A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, in the reign of Richard III. +The king cast him into prison, and when he was nearly starved to +death, a cat appeared at the window-grating, and dropped into his hand +a pigeon, which the warder cooked for him. This was repeated daily. + +E'LIM, the guardian angel of Lebbeus (3 _syl_.) the apostle. Lebbeus, +the softest and most tender of the twelve, at the death of Jesus +"sank under the burden of his grief."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. +(1748). + +ELINOR GREY, self-poised daughter of a statesman in Frank Lee +Benedict's novel, _My Daughter Elinor_ (1869). EL'ION, consort of +Beruth, and father of Che.--Sanchoniathon. + +ELIOT (_John_). Of the Apostle to the North American Indians, Dr. +Cotton Mather writes: + + "He that will write of Eliot must write of + charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star + of the first magnitude in the bright constellation + of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonderfully + various and extensive."--Cotton Mather, + _Magna Christi Americana_ (1702). + +_Eliot (George)_, Marian Evans (or "Mrs. Marian Lewes"), author of +_Adam Bede_ (1858), _Mill on the Floss_ (1860), _Silas Marner_ (1861), +etc. + +ELISA, often written ELIZA in English, Dido, queen of Carthage. + + ... nec me meminisse pigebit Elisae, + Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus. + + Virgil, _Aeneid_, iv. 335, 336. + + So to Eliza dawned that cruel day + Which tore Æneas from her sight away, + That saw him parting, never to return, + Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn. + + Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 4 (1756). + +ELIS'ABAT, a famous surgeon, who attended Queen Madasi'ma in all her +solitary wanderings, and was her sole companion.--_Amadis de Gaul_ +(fifteenth century). + +ÉLISABETH OU LES EXILÉS DE SIBERIE, a tale by Madame Cottin +(1773-1807). The family being exiled for some political offence, +Elizabeth walked all the way from Siberia to Russia, to crave pardon +of the Czar. She obtained her prayer, and the family returned. + +ELISABETHA (_Miss_). "She is not young. The tall, spare form stiffly +erect, the little wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided and +adorned with a high comb, the long, thin hands and the fine network of +wrinkles over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell this." But she is +a gentlewoman, with generations of gentlewomen back of her, and lives +for Doro, her orphan ward, whom she has taught music. She loved his +father, and for his sake--and his own--loves the boy. She works for +him, hoards for him, and is ambitious for him only. When he grows up +and marries a lowborn girl,--"a Minorcan"--and fills the old home with +rude children, who break the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for +them. After he dies, a middle-aged man, she does not leave them. + +"I saw her last year--an old woman, but working still."--Constance +Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_ (1880). + +ELISE (2 _syl_.), the motherless child of Harpagon the miser. She was +affianced to Valère, by whom she had been "rescued from the waves." +Valère turns out to be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a wealthy +nobleman of Naples.--Molière, _L'Avare_ (1667). + +ELIS'SA, step-sister of Medi'na and Perissa. They could never agree +upon any subject.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 2 (1590). + +"Medina" (_the golden mean_), "Elissa" and "Perissa" (_the two +extremes_). + +ELIZABETH (_Le Marchant_.) Nice girl whose life is, darkened by a +frustrated elopement, by which she is apparently compromised. All +comes well in the end.--Rhoda Broughton, _Alas!_ (1890). + +_Elizabeth (The Queen)_, haughty, imperious, but devoted to her +people. She loved the earl of Essex, and, when she heard that he was +married to the countess of Rutland, exclaimed that she never "knew +sorrow before." The queen gave Essex a ring after his rebellion, +saying, "Here, from my finger take this ring, a pledge of mercy; and +whensoe'er you send it back, I swear that I will grant whatever boon +you ask." After his condemnation, Essex sent the ring to the queen by +the countess of Nottingham, craving that her most gracious majesty +would spare the life of Lord Southampton; but the countess, from +jealousy, did not give it to the queen. The queen sent a reprieve for +Essex, but Burleigh took care that it came too late, and the earl was +beheaded as a traitor.--Henry Jones, _The Earl of Essex_ (1745). + +_Elizabeth (Queen)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called +_Kenilworth_. + +ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY (_St._), patron saint of queens, being herself a +queen. Her day is July 9 (1207-1231). + +ELLEN (_Montgomery_). The orphaned heroine of Susan Warner's story, +_The Wide, Wide World_ (1851.) + +_Ellen (Wade)_. Girl of eighteen who travels and camps with the family +of Ishmael Bush, although many grades above them in education and +refinement. Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter.--James Fennimore +Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827). + +ELLESMERE (_Mistress_), the head domestic of Lady Peveril.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +ELLIOTT, (_Hobbie, i.e._ Halbert), farmer at the Heugh-foot. His +bride-elect is Grace Armstrong. + +_Mrs. Elliott_, Hobbie's grandmother. _John_ and _Harry_, Hobbie's +brothers. + +_Lilias, Jean_, and _Arnot_, Hobbie's sisters.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne). + +ELMO (_St._). _The fire of St. Elmo_ (_Feu de Saint Elme_), a +comazant. If only one appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at hand; +but if two or more, they indicate that stormy weather is about to +cease. By the Italians these comazants are called the "fires of St. +Peter and St. Nicholas." In Latin the single fire is called "Helen," +but the two "Castor and Pollux." Horace says (_Odes_, I. xiii. 27): + + Quorum simul alba nautis stella refulsit, + Defluit saxis agitatus humor, + Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc. + +But Longfellow makes the _stella_ indicative of foul weather: + + Last night I saw St. Elmo's stars, + With their glimmering lanterns all at play ... + And I knew we should have foul weather to-day. + + Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_. + +(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.) + +ELO´A, the first of seraphs. He name with God is "The Chosen One," but +the angels call him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel were angel friends. + + Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts + are past understanding to the mind of man. + He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more + beaming than the stars of heaven when they + first flew into being at the voice of the Creator. + --Klopstock, _The Messiah_, i. (1748). + +ELOI (_St._), that is, St. Louis. The kings of France were called +Loys up to the time of Louis XIII. Probably the "delicate oath" of +Chaucer's prioress, who was a French scholar "after the scole of +Stratford-atte-Bowe," was St. Loy, _i.e._ St. Louis, and not St. Eloi +the patron saint of smiths and artists. St. + +Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of Dagobert, and a noted +craftsman in gold and silver. (Query, "Seint Eloy" for Seinte Loy?) + + Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse, + That of hire smiling was full simp' and coy, + Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy! + + Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388). + +EL´OPS. There was a fish so-called, but Milton uses the word +(_Paradise Lost_, x. 525) for the dumb serpent or serpent which gives +no warning of its approach by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, _ellops_, +"mute or dumb.") + +ELOQUENCE (_The Four Monarchs of_): (1) Demonsthenês, the Greek orator +(B.C. 385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator (B.C. 106-43); (3) Burke, +the English orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the American orator +(1782-1852). + +ELOQUENT (_That old Man_), Isoc´ratês, the Greek orator. When he heard +that the battle of Chaerone´a was lost, and that Greece was no longer +free, he died of grief. + + That dishonest victory + At Chaeronea, fatal to liberty, + Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent. + + Milton, _Sonnet_ ix. + +In the United States the term was freely applied to John Quincy Adams, +in the latter years of his life. + +ELOQUENT DOCTOR (_The_), Peter Aurelolus, archbishop of Aix +(fourteenth century). + +ELPI´NUS, Hope personified. He was "clad in sky-like blue" and the +motto of his shield was "I hold by being held." He went attended by +Pollic´ita (_promise_). Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, _elpis_, +"hope.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633). + +ELSA. German maiden, accused of having killed her little brother. +At her trial a knight appears, drawn by a swan, champions her and +vanquishes her accuser. Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising never to +ask of his country or family. She breaks the vow; the swan appears and +bears him away from her.--_Lohengrin_ Opera, by Richard Wagner. + +ELSHENDER THE RECLUSE, called "the Canny Elshie" or the "Wise Wight of +Mucklestane Moor." This is "the black dwarf," or Sir Edward Mauley, +the hero of the novel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time Anne). + +ELSIE, the daughter of Gottlieb, a cottage farmer of Bavaria. Prince +Henry of Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was told he would never +be cured till a maiden chaste and spotless offered to give her life +in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to die for the prince, and he +accompanied her to Salerno; but either the exercise, the excitement, +or some charm, no matter what, had quite cured the prince, and when he +entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to make her Lady Alicia, +his bride.--Hartmann von der Aue, _Poor Henry_ (twelfth century); +Longfellow, _Golden Legend_. + +[Illustration] Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetos died +instead of her husband, but was brought back by Herculês from the +shades below, and restored to her husband. + +_Elsie (Venner)_, a girl marked before her birth as one apart from her +kind. Her mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near her door, leaves +the imprint of the loathsome thing upon the child. She is a "splendid +scowling beauty" with glittering black eyes. When angry, they are +narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and "charm" after an unhuman +fashion. She bit her cousin when a child, and the wound had to be +cauterized. She is wild almost to savagery and she falls in love with +her tutor savagely for awhile, afterward loves him hopelessly. She +dies of a strange decline, and the ugly mark about her throat that +obliges her always to wear a necklace has faded out.--Oliver Wendell +Holmes, _Elsie Venner_ (1861). + +ELSMERE (_Robert_), hero of religious novel of same name, by Mrs. +Humphrey Ward. + +ELSPETH (_Auld_), the old servant of Dandie Dinmont, the store-farmer +of Charlie's Hope.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.). + +_Elspeth (Old)_ of the Craigburnfoot, the mother of Saunders +Muckelbacket (the old fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly servant +to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time +George III.). + +ELVI´NO, a wealthy farmer in love with Ami´na the somnambulist. +Amina being found in the bedroom of Conte Rodolfo the day before her +wedding, induces Elvino to break off the match and promise marriage +to Lisa; but as the truth of the matter breaks upon him, and he is +convinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over Lisa to Alessio, her +paramour, and marries Amina, his first and only love.--Bellini's +opera, _La Sonnambula_ (1831). + +ELVI´RA, sister of Don Duart, and niece of the governor of Lisbon. +She marries Coldio, the coxcomb son of Don Antonio.--C. Cibber, _Love +Makes a Man_. + +_Elvi´ra_, the young wife of Gomez, a rich old banker. She carries on +a liaison with Colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father-confessor +Dominick, but is always checkmated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is +her brother.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_ (1680). + +_Elvi´ra_, a noble lady who gives up everything to become the mistress +of Pizarro. She tries to soften his rude and cruel nature, and to +lead him into more generous ways. Her love being changed to hate, she +engages Rollo to slay Pizarro in his tent; but the noble Peruvian +spares his enemy, and makes him a friend. Ultimately, Pizarro is slain +in fight with Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent.--Sheridan, +_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue, 1799). + +_Elvi´ra (Donna)_, a lady deceived by Don Giovanni, who basely deluded +her into an amour with his valet Leporello.--Mozart's opera, _Don +Giovanni_ (1787). + +_Elvi´ra_ "the puritan," daughter of Lord Walton, betrothed to Arturo +(_Lord Arthur Talbot_), a calvalier. On the day of espousals the young +man aids Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles I._) to escape, and +Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a rival, temporarily loses her +reason. Cromwell's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, but he is +subsequently pardoned, and marries Elvira.--Bellini's opera, _I +Puritani_ (1834). + +_Elvi´ra_, a lady in love with Erna´ni the robber-captain and head of +a league against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. of Spain). Ernani +was just on the point of marrying Elvira, when he was summoned to +death by Gomez de Silva, and stabbed himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an +opera, 1841). + +_Elvi´ra_, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the Duke d'Arcos). No sooner +is the marriage completed than she learns that Alfonso has seduced +Fenella, a dumb girl, sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Masaniello, +to revenge his wrongs, heads an insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira +run for safety to the fisherman's hut, where they find Fenella, who +promises to protect them. Masaniello, being made chief magistrate of +Por´tici, is killed by the mob; Fenella throws herself into the crater +of Vesuvius; and Alfonso is left to live in peace with Elvira.--Auber, +_Masaniello_ (1831). + +ELVIRE (_2 syl._), the wife of Don Juan, whom he abandons. She enters +a convent, and tries to reclaim her profligate husband, but without +success.--Molière, _Don Juan_ (1665). + +ELY (_Bishop of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in the _Talisman_ (time, +Richard I.). + +EMATH´IAN CONQUEROR (_The Great_), Alexander the Great. Emathia is +Macedonia and Thessaly. Emathion, a son of Titan and Aurora, reigned +in Macedonia. Pliny tells us that Alexander, when he besieged Thebes, +spared the house in which Pindar the poet was born, out of reverence +to his great abilities. + +EMBLA, the woman Eve of Scandinavian mythology. Eve or Embla was made +of elm, but Ask or Adam was made of ash. + +EM´ELIE or EMELYE, sister-in-law of Duke Theseus (_2 syl._), beloved +by both Pal´amon and Ar´cite (_2 syl._), but the former had her to +wife. + + Emelie that fairer was to scene + Than is the lilie on hire stalkê grene, + And fresscher than the May with flourês newe. + + Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ + ("The Knight's Tale," 1388). + +EMERAL´DER, an Irishman, one of the Emerald Isle. + +EMER´ITA (_St_.), who, when her brother abdicated the British crown, +accompanied him to Switzerland, and shared with him there a martyr's +death. + + Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear, + Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died. + + Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622). + +EMILE (_2 syl._), the chief character of a philosophical romance on +education by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). Emile is the author's ideal +of a young man perfectly educated, every bias but that of nature +having been carefully withheld. + +N.B.--Emile is the French form of Emilius. + +His body is inured to fatigue, as Rousseau advises in his +_Emilius_.--_Continuation of The Arabian Nights_, iv. 69. + +EMIL´IA, wife of Iago, the ancient of Othello in the Venetian army. +She is induced by Iago to purloin a certain handkerchief given by +Othello to Desdemona. Iago then prevails on Othello to ask his wife to +show him the handkerchief, but she cannot find it, and Iago tells +the Moor she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. At the death of +Desdemona, Emilia (who till then never suspected the real state of +the case) reveals the truth of the matter, and Iago rushes on her and +kills her.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611). + +The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find, worn loosely, but not +cast off; easy to commit small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at +atrocious villainies.--Dr. Johnson. + +_Emil´ia_, the lady who attended on Queen Hermi´onê in +prison.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604). + +_Emilia_, the lady-love of Peregrine Pickle, in Smollett's novel +called _The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle_ (1751). + +_Emilia_ Galotti. Beautiful daughter of Odoardo, an Italian noble. She +is affianced to Count Appiani, and beloved by the Prince Guastalla, +who causes her lover's death on their wedding-day. To save her from +the prince, Odoardo stabs Emilia.--G.E. Lessing, _Emilia Galotti_. + +EMILY, the _fiancée_ of Colonel Tamper. Duty called away the colonel +to Havana, and on his return he pretended to have lost one eye and one +leg in the war, in order to see if Emily would love him still. Emily +was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle the medical practitioner was sent +for. Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his patient he had seen +the colonel who looked remarkably well, and most certainly was maimed +neither in his legs nor in his eyes. Emily now saw through the trick, +and resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. For this end she +induced Mdlle. Florival to appear _en militaire_, under the assumed +name of Captain Johnson, and to make desperate love to her. When the +colonel had been thoroughly roasted and was about to quit the house +forever, his friend Major Belford entered and recognized Mdlle. as +his _fiancée_; the trick was discovered, and all ended happily.--G. +Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_ (1762). + +EMIR OR AMEER, a title given to lieutenants of provinces and other +officers of the sultan, and occasionally assumed by the sultan +himself. The sultan is not unfrequently call "The Great Ameer," and +the Ottoman empire is sometimes spoken of as "the country of the Great +Ameer." What Matthew Paris and other monks call "ammirals" is the same +word. Milton speaks of the "mast of some tall ammiral" (_Paradise +Lost_, i. 294). + +The difference between _xariff_ or _sariff_ and _amir_ is this: the +former is given to the _blood_ successors of Mahomet, and the latter +to those who maintain his religious faith.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_, +vi. 73-4 (1672). + +EM'LY _(Little)_, daughter of Tom, the brother-in-law of Dan'el +Peggotty, a Yarmouth fisherman, by whom the orphan child was brought +up. While engaged to Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) little Em'ly runs +away with Steerforth, a handsome but unprincipled gentleman. Being +subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to Australia with Dan'el +Peggotty and old Mrs. Gummidge.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ +(1849). + +EMMA "the Saxon" or Emma Plantagenet, the beautiful, gentle, and +loving wife of David, king of North Wales (twelfth century).--Southey, +_Madoc_ (1805). + +EMMONS (_David_), slow, gentle fellow who never "comes to the point" +in his courtship, but visits the "girl" for forty years, and gasps out +in dying, "I allers--meant to--have--asked--you to marry me."--Mary E. +Wilkins, _Two Old Lovers_ (1887). + +EMPED´OCLES, one of Pythagoras's scholars, who threw himself secretly +into the crater at Etna, that people might suppose the gods had +carried him to heaven; but alas! one of his iron pattens was cast out +with the lava, and recognized. + + He to be deemed + A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames, + Empedoclês. + + Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 469, etc. (1665). + +EMPEROR OF BELIEVERS (_The_), Omar I., father-in-law of Mahomet +(581-644). + +EMPEROR OF THE MOUNTAINS, (_The_) Peter the Calabrian, a famous +robber-chief (1812). + +EMPEROR FOR MY PEOPLE. Hadrian used to say, "I am emperor not for +myself but for my people" (76, 117-138). + +EMPSON (_Master_), flageolot player to Charles II.--Sir W. Scott, +_Peveril of the Peak_ (1823). + +Enan´the (_3 syl._), daughter of Seleucus, and mistress of Prince +Deme´trius (son of King Antig´onus) She appears under the name of +Celia.--Beaumont and Eletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647). + +ENCEL´ADOS (Latin, _Enceladus_), the most powerful of all the giants +who conspired against Jupiter. He was struck with a thunder-bolt, and +covered with the heap of earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke of the +volcano is the breath of the buried giant; and when he shifts his side +it is an earthquake. + + Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus + Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam + Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis; + Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem + Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo. + + Virgil, _Aeneid_, iii. 578-582. + + Where the burning cinders, blown + From the lips of the overthrown + Enceladus, fill the air. + + Longfellow, _Enceladus_. + +EN'CRATES (_3 syl_.), Temperance personified, the husband of Agnei'a +(_wifely chastity_). When his wife's sister Parthen'ia _(maidenly +chastity_) was wounded in the battle of Mansoul, by False Delight, he +and his wife ran to her assistance, and soon routed the foes who were +hounding her. Continence (her lover) went also, and poured a balm +into her wounds, which healed them. Greek, _egkratês_, "continent, +temperate." + + So have I often seen a purple flower, + Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping head; + But, soon refreshêd with a welcome shower, + Begins again her lively beauties spread, + And with new pride her silken leaves display. + +Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, xi. (1633). + +ENDELL (_Martha_), a poor fallen girl, to whom Emily goes when +Steerforth deserts her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, and +marries a young farmer in Australia.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ +(1849). + +ENDIGA, in _Charles XII_., by J.R. Planche (1826). + +ENDLESS, the rascally lawyer in _No Song No Supper_, by P. Hoare +(1754-1834). + +ENDYM'ION, a noted astronomer who, from Mount Latmus, in Caria, +discovered the course of the moon. Hence it is fabled that the moon +sleeps with Endymion. Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting sun. + + So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned; + That hill on whose high top he was the first that found + Pale Phoebe's wandering course; so skillful in her sphere, + As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her there. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612). + +_To sleep like Endymion_, to sleep long and soundly. Endymion +requested of Jove permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. Hence +the proverb, _Endymionis somnum dormire_. Jean Ogier de Gombaud wrote +in French a romance or prose poem called _Endymion_ (1624), and one of +the best paintings of A.L. Girodet is "Endymion." Cowley, referring to +Gombaud's romance, says: + + While there is a people or a sun, + Endymion's story with the moon shall run. + +John Keats, in 1818, published his _Endymion_ (a poetic romance), +and the criticism of the _Quarterly Review_ was falsely said to have +caused his death. + +_Endym´ion._ So Wm. Browne calls Sir Walter Raleigh, who was for a +time in disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he calls "Cyn´thia." + + The first note that I heard I soon was wonne + To think the sighes of fair Endymion, + The subject of whose mournful heavy lay, + Was his declining with faire Cynthia. + + _Brittannia's Pastorals_, iv. (1613). + +ENFANTS DE DIEU, the Camisards. + +The royal troops outnumbered the _Enfants de Dieu_, and a not +inglorious flight took place.--Ed. Gilliat, _Asylum Christi_, iii. + +ENFIELD (_Mrs._), the keeper of a house of intrigue, or "gentleman's +magazine" of frail beauties.--Holcroft, _The Deserted Daughter_ +(1785). + +ENGADDI (_Theodorick, hermit of_), an enthusiast. He was Aberick +of Mortemar, an exiled noble.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, +Richard I.). + +_Engaddi_, one of the towns of Judah, forty miles from Jerusalem, +famous for its palm trees. + + Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms, + Pacing the Dead Sea beach. + + Longfellow, _Sand of the Desert_ + +ENGEL´BRECHT, one of the Varangian guards.--Sir W. Scott, _Count +Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). + +EN´GELRED, 'squire of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (follower of Prince +John of Anjou, the brother of Richard I.).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ +(time, Richard I.). + +EN´GUERRAUD, brother of the Marquis of Montserrat, a crusader.--Sir W. +Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard L). + +E´NID, the personification of spotless purity. She was the daughter of +Yn´iol, and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint and Enid allegorizes +the contagion of distrust and jealousy, commencing with Guinevere's +infidelity, and spreading downward among the Arthurian knights. In +order to save Enid from this taint, Sir Geraint removed from the court +to Devon; but overhearing part of a sentence uttered by Enid, he +fancied that she was unfaithful, and treated her for a time with +great harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed Geraint with such wifely +devotion that he felt convinced of his error. A perfect +reconciliation took place, and they "crowned a happy life with a fair +death".--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Geraint and Enid."). + +ENNIUS (_The English_), Lay´amon, who wrote a translation in Saxon of +_The Brut_ of Wace (thirteenth century). + +_Ennius (The French_), Jehan de Meung, who wrote a continuation of +Layamon's romance (1260-1320). + +[Illustration] Guillaume de Lorris, author of the _Romance of the +Rose_, is also called "The French Ennius," and with better title +(1235-1265). + +_Ennius_ (_The Spanish_), Juan de Mena of Cordova (1412-1456). + +ENRIQUE´ (_2 syl._), brother-in-law of Chrysalde (_2 syl._). He +married secretly Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he had a +daughter, Agnes, who was left in charge of a peasant while Enrique was +absent in America. Having made his fortune in the New World, Enrique +returned and found Agnes in love with Horace, the son of his +friend Oronte (_2 syl._). Their union, after the usual quota of +misunderstanding and cross purposes, was accomplished to the delight +of all parties.--Molière, _L'Ecole des Femmes_ (1662). + +ENTEL´ECHY, the kingdom of Queen Quintessence. Pantag´ruel´ and +his companions went to this kingdom in search of the "holy +bottle."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, v. 19 (1545). + +[Illustration] This kingdom of "speculative science" gave the hint to +Swift for his island of Lapu´ta. + +EPHE´SIAN, a toper, a dissolute sot, a jovial companion. When Page (2 +_Henry_ IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a company of +men were about to sup with Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls +them "Ephesians," he probably meant soldiers called _féthas_ +("foot-soldiers"), and hence topers. Malone suggests that the word is +a pun on _pheese_ ("to chastise or pay one tit for tat"), and means +"quarrelsome fellows." + +EPHE´SIAN POET (_The_), Hippo´nax, born at Ephesus (sixth century +B.C.). + +EPIC POETRY (_The Father of_), Homer (about 950 B.C.). + +EP´ICENE (_3 syl._), or _The Silent Woman_, one of the three great +comedies of Ben Jonson (1609). + +The other two are _Volpone_ (_2 syl._, 1605), and _The Alchemist_ +(1610). + +EPICURUS. The _aimée de coeur_ of this philosopher was Leontium. (See +LOVERS). + +EPICURUS OF CHINA, Tao-tse, who commenced the search for "the elixir +of perpetual youth and health" (B.C. 540). + +[Illustration] Thomas Moore has a prose romance entitled _The +Epicure'an_. Lucretius the Roman poet, in his _De Rerum Natura_, is an +exponent of the Epicurean doctrines. + +EPIDAURUS (_That God in_), Aescula'pius, son of Apollo, who was +worshipped in Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being sent for to +Rome during a plague, he assumed the form of a serpent.--Livy, _Nat. +Hist._, xi.; Ovid, _Metaph._, xv. + + Never since of serpent kind + Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed + Hermionê and Cadmus, or the god + In Epidaurus. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ix. 507 (1665). + +(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [_Hermoine_] left Thebes and migrated +into Illyria, where they were changed into serpents because they +happened to kill one belonging to Mars.) + +EPHIAL'TES (_4 syl._), one of the giants who made war upon the gods. +He was deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of his right eye by +Herculês. + +EPIG'ONI, seven youthful warriors, sons of the seven chiefs who laid +siege to Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except Adrastos) perished in +the siege; but the seven sons, ten years later, took the city and +razed it to the ground. The chiefs and sons were: (1) Adrastos, +whose son was Aegi'aleus (_4 syl._); (2) Polynikês, whose son was +Thersan'der; (3) Amphiar'aos (_5 syl._), whose son was Alkmaeon +(_the chief_); (4) Ty'deus (_2 syl._), whose son was Diomê'des; (5) +Kap'aneus (_3 syl._), whose son was Sthen'elos; (6) Parthenopae'os, +whose son was Promachos; (7) Mekis'theus (_3 syl._), whose son was +Eury'alos. + +Æschylos has a tragedy on _The Seven Chiefs against Thebes_. There +are also two epics, one _The Thebaïd_ of Statius, and _The Epigoni_ +sometimes attributed to Homer and sometimes to one of the Cyclic poets +of Greece. + +EPIGON'IAD (_The_), called "the Scotch _Iliad_," by William Wilkie +(1721-1772). This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven sons of the +seven chieftains who laid siege to Thebes. The tale is this: When +Oe'dipos abdicated, his two sons agreed to reign alternate years; but +at the expiration of the first year, the elder son (Eteoclês) refused +to give up the throne. Whereupon the younger brother (Polynikês) +interested six Grecian chiefs to espouse his cause, and the allied +armies laid siege to Thebes, without success. Subsequently, the seven +sons of the old chiefs went against the city to avenge the death of +their fathers, who had fallen in the former siege. They succeeded in +taking the city, and in placing Thersander on the throne. The names +of the seven sons are Thersander, AEgi'aleus, Alkmaeon, Diomedês, +Sthen'elos, Pro'machos, and Euryalos. + +EPIMEN'IDES (_5 syl._) of Crete, sometimes reckoned one of the +"seven wise men of Greece" in the place of Periander. He slept for +fifty-seven years in a cave, and, on waking, found everything so +changed that he could recognize nothing. Epimenidês lived 289 years, +and was adored by the Cretans as one of their "Curetês" or priests of +Jove. He was contemporary with Solon. + +(Goethe has a poem called _Des Epimenides Erwachen._--See Heinrich's +_Epimenides.)_ + +_Epimenides's Drug_. A nymph who loved Epimenides gave him a draught +in a bull's horn, one single drop of which would not only cure any +ailment, but would serve for a hearty meal. + +_Le Nouveau Epimenède_ is a man who lives in a dream in a kind of +"Castle of Spain," where he deems himself a king, and does not wish to +be disillusioned. The song is by Jacinthe Leclère, one of the members +of the "Societé de Momus," of Paris. + +EPINOGRIS _(Sir)_, son of the king of Northumberland. He loved an +earl's daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly combat. Next day, a +knight challenged him to fight, and the lady was to be the prize of +the victor. Sir Epinogris, being overthrown, lost the lady; but when +Sir Palomidês heard the tale, he promised to recover her. Accordingly, +he challenged the victorious knight, who turned out to be his brother. +The point of dispute was then amicably arranged by giving up the lady +to Sir Epinogris.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 169 +(1470). + +EPPIE, one of the servants of the Rev. Josiah Cargill. In the same +novel is Eppie Anderson, one of the servants at the Mowbray Arms, +Old St. Ronan's, held by Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Bonarts Well_ +(time, George III.). + +EPPS, cook of Saunders Fairford, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott, +_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). EQUITY (_Father of_), Heneage +Finch, earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In _Absalom and Achitophel_ (by +Dryden and Tate) he is called "Amri." + + Sincere was Amri, and not only knew, + But Israel's sanctions into practice drew; + Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem, + Were coasted all, and fathomed all by him ... + To whom the double blessing doth belong, + With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue. + + _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682). + +EQUIVOKES. + +1. HENRY IV. was told that "he should not die but in Jerusalem," which +he supposed meant the Holy Land; but he died in the Jerusalem Chamber, +London, which is the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey. + +2. POPE SYLVESTER was also told that he should die at Jerusalem, and +he died while saying mass in a church so called at Rome. + +3. CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat'ana, +which he supposed meant the capital of Media. Being wounded +accidentally in Syria, he asked the name of the place; and being told +it was Ecbatana, "Here, then, I am destined to end my life." + +4. A Messenian seer, being sent to consult the Delphic oracle +respecting the issue of the Messenian war, then raging, received for +reply: + + When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, O, seer, + From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near! + +In order to avert this calamity, all goats were diligently chased from +the banks of the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a _fig tree_ growing +on the river-side, and its branches dipped into the stream. The +interpretation of the oracle flashed across his mind, for he +remembered that _goat_ and _fig tree_, in the Messenian dialect were +the same word. + +[Illustration] The pun would be clearer to an English reader if "a +stork" were substituted for _the goat_: "When a stork stoops to drink +of the Neda;" and the "stalk" of the fig tree dipping into the stream. + +5. When the allied Greeks demanded of the Delphic oracle what would be +the issue of the battle of Salamis, they received for answer: + + Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell + How thousands fought at Salamis and fell; + +but whether the oracle referred to the Greeks or Persians who were to +fall by "thousands," was not stated. + +6. When CROESUS demanded what would be the issue of the battle against +the Persians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, he "should behold a +mighty empire overthrown;" but whether that empire was his own, or +that of Cyrus, only the actual issue of the fight could determine. + +7. Similarly, when PHILIP of Macedon sent to Delphi to inquire if his +Persian expedition would prove successful, he received for reply, "The +ready victim crowned for sacrifice stands before the altar." Philip +took it for granted that the "ready victim" was the king of Persia, +but it was himself. + +8. TARQUIN sent to Delphi to learn the fate of his struggle with the +Romans for the recovery of his throne, and was told, "Tarquin will +never fall till a dog speaks with the voice of a man." The "dog" was +Junius Brutus, who was called a dog by way of contempt. + +9. When the oracle was asked who would succeed Tarquin, it replied, +"He who shall first kiss his mother." Whereupon Junius Brutus fell to +the earth, and exclaimed, "Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother earth!" + +10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke of Somerset, if he wished to +live, to "avoid where castles mounted stand." The duke died in an +ale-house called the Castle, in St. Alban's.--Shakespeare, _2 Henry +VI._ act v. sc. 2. + +11. A wizard told King Edward IV. that "after him should reign one the +first letter of whose name should be G." The king thought the person +meant was his brother George, but the duke of Gloucester was the +person pointed at.--Holinshed, _Chronicles_; Shakespeare, _Richard +III._ act i. sc. I. + +ERAC'LIUS (_The emperor_) condemned a knight to death on the +supposition of murder; but the man supposed to be murdered making his +appearance, the condemned man was taken back, under the expectation +that he would be instantly acquitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all +three to be put to death: the knight, because the emperor had ordered +it; the man who brought him back, because he had not carried out the +emperor's order; and the man supposed to be murdered, because he was +virtually the cause of death to the other two. + +This tale is told in the _Gesta Romanorum_, and Chaucer has put it +into the mouth of his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, in his _De +Ira_; but he ascribes it to Cornelius Piso, and not to Eraclius. + +ÉRASTE (_2 syl._), hero of _Les Fåcheux_ by Molière. He is in love +with Orphiso (_2 syl._), whose tutor is Damis (1661). + +ER'CELDOUN (_Thomas of_), also called "Thomas the Rhymer," introduced +by Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry +I.). + +It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not dead, but that he is +sleeping beneath the Eildon Hills, in Scotland. One day, he met with +a lady of elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she led him to +an under-ground region, where he remained for seven years. He then +revisited the earth, but bound himself to return when summoned. One +day, when he was making merry with his friends, he was told that +a hart and hind were parading the street; and he knew it was his +summons, so he immediately went to the Eildon tree, and has never +since been heard of.--Sir W. Scott, _Minstrelsy of the Scottish +Border_. + +[Illustration: symbol] This tale is substantially the same in the +German one of _Tannhäuser_ (_q.v._). + +ERECK, a knight of the Round Table. He marries the beautiful Enite (_2 +syl_.), daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a state of idleness +and effeminacy, till Enite rouses him to action. He then goes forth +on an expedition of adventures, and after combating with brigands, +giants, and dwarfs, returns to the court of King Arthur, where +he remains till the death of his father. He then enters on his +inheritance, and lives peaceably the rest of his life.--Hartmann von +der Aue, _Ereck_ (thirteenth century). + +EREEN'IA (3 _syl._), a glendoveer' or good spirit, the beloved son of +Cas'yapa (_3 syl_.), father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity on +Kail'yal (_2 syl_.), daughter of Ladur'lad, and carried her to his +Bower of Bliss in paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could not stay, +because she was still a living daughter of earth. On her return to +earth, she was chosen for the bride of Jagannaut, and Ar'valan came to +dishonor her; but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia came to her +rescue. Ereenia was set upon by the witch Lor'rimite (_3 syl_.), and +carried to the submerged city of Baly, whence he was delivered by +Ladurlad. The glendoveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, but the +god sent him to Yamen (_i.e._ Pluto), and Yamen said the measure of +iniquity was now full, so Arvalan and his father Kehama were both made +inmates of the city of everlasting woe; while Ereenia carried Kailyal, +who had quaffed the waters of immortality, to his Bower of Bliss, to +dwell with him in everlasting joy.--Southey, _Curse of Kehoma_ (1809). + +ERET'RIAN BULL _(The)._ Menede'mos of Eretria, in Eubae'a, was called +"Bull" from the bull-like breadth and gravity of his face. He founded +the Eretrian school (fourth century B.C.). + +ERIC, "Windy-cap," king of Sweden. He could make the wind blow from +any quarter by simply turning his cap. Hence arose the expression, "a +capful of wind." + +ERIC GRAY. A young man whose religious principles will not let him +marry the girl he loves because she has not "joined the church." His +old love tells the story after his funeral. + + "And all my heart went forward, past the shadows and the cross, + Even to that home where perfect love hath never thorn nor loss; + Where neither do they marry, nor in marriage are given, + But are like unto the angels in GOD'S house, which is Heaven." + +Margaret E. Sangster, _Eric's Funeral_ (1882). + +ERICHTHO _[Erik'.tho]_, the famous Thessaliaii witch consulted by +Pompey.--Lucan, _Pharsalia_, vi. + +ERICKSON _(Sweyn)_, a fisherman at Jarlshof.--Sir W. Scott, _The +Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +ERIC'THO, the witch in John Marston's tragedy called _The Wonder of +Women_ or _Sophonisba_ (160)5. + +ERIG'ENA (_John Scotus_), called "Scotus the Wise." He must not be +confounded with Duns Scotus, "the Subtle Doctor," who lived some four +centuries later. Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 1308. + +ERIG'ONE (4 _syl_.), the constellation _Virgo_. She was the daughter +of Icarios, an Athenian, who was murdered by some drunken peasants. +Erigonê discovered the dead body by the aid of her father's dog Moera, +who became the star called _Canis_. + + ... "that virgin, frail Erigonê, + Who by compassion got preëminence." + +Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_. + +ERILL'YAB (3 _syl_.), the widowed and deposed Queen of the Hoamen (2 +_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri. +Her husband was King Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc when he +reached America, espoused her cause, and succeeded in restoring her to +her throne and empire.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805). + +ERIPHY'LE (4 _syl_.), the wife of Amphiara'os. Being bribed by a +golden necklace, she betrayed to Polyni-cês where her husband had +concealed himself that he might not go to the seige of Thebes, where +he knew that he should be killed. Congreve calls the word Eriph'yle. + + When Eriphylê broke her plighted faith, + And for a bribe procured her husband's death. + +Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii. + +ERISICH'THON (should be _Erysichthon_), a Thessaliad, whose appetite +was insatiable. Having spent all his estate in the purchase of food, +nothing was left but his daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy food +for his voracious appetite; but Metra had the power of transforming +herself into any shape she chose, so as often as as her father +sold her, she changed her form and returned to him. After a time, +Erisichthon was reduced to feed upon himself.--Ovid, _Metaph_, viii. 2 +(740 to end). + +Drayton says when the Wyre saw her goodly oak trees sold for firewood, +she bethought her of Erisichthon's end, who, "when nor sea, nor land, +sufficient were," ate his own flesh.--_Polyolbion_, vii. + + So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say), + With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding; + Ten thousand dishes severed every day, + Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing. + In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed; + A whole camp's meat he in his gorge inhumed; + And all consumed, his hunger yet was unconsumed. + +Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633). + +ERLAND, father of Norna "of the Fitful Head."--Sir W. Scott, _The +Pirate_ (time, William III.). + +ERL-KING, a spirit of mischief, which haunts the Black Forest of +Thuringia. + +Goethe has a ballad called the _Erl-könig_, and Herder has translated +the Danish ballad of _Sir Olaf and the Erl-King's Daughter_. + +In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home through the night and storm +with a child in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, who entices the +child with promises of fairy-gifts, and finally kills it. + +ERMANGARDE OF BALDRINGHAM (_The Lady_), aunt of the Lady Eveline +Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry +II.). + +ER'MELINE (_Dame_), the wife of Reynard, in the beast-epic called +_Reynard the Fox_ (1498). + +ERMIN'IA, the heroine of _Jerusalem Delivered_. She fell in love with +Tancred, and when the Christian army beseiged Jerusalem, arrayed +herself in Clorinda's armor to go to him. After certain adventures, +she found him wounded, and nursed him tenderly; but the poet has +not told us what was the ultimate lot of this fair Syrian.--Tasso, +_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575). + +ERNA'NI, the robber-captain, duke of Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord of +Aragon, and count of Ernani. He is in love with Elvi'ra, the betrothed +of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom she detests. +Charles V. falls in love with her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani in a +league against their common rival. During this league Ernani gives Ruy +Gomez a horn, saying, "Sound but this horn, and at that moment Ernani +will cease to live." Just as he is about to espouse Elvira, the horn +is sounded, and Ernani stabs himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an opera, +1841). + +ERNEST (_Duke_), son-in-law of Kaiser Konrad II. He murders his feudal +lord, and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to expiate his crime. +The poem so called is a mixture of Homeric legends, Oriental myths, +and pilgrims' tales. We have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and +enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and devotees. After a world of +hair-breadth escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepulchre, pays +his vows, returns to Germany, and is pardoned.--Henry Von Veldig +(minnesinger), _Duke Ernest_ (twelfth century). + +ERNEST DE FRIDBERG, "the prisoner of the State." He was imprisoned in +the dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress for fifteen years on a false +charge of treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter by the countess +Marie), dressed in the clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb +jailor-boy, gets access to the dungeon and contrives his escape; but +he is retaken, and led back to the dungeon. Being subsequently set at +liberty, he marries the countess Marie (the mother of Ulrica).--E. +Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847.) + +EROS, the manumitted slave of Antony the triumvir. Antony made Eros +swear that he would kill him if commanded by him so to do. When in +Egypt, Antony after the battle of Actium, fearing lest he should fall +into the hands of Octavius Cæsar, ordered Eros to keep his promise. +Eros drew his sword, but thrust it into his own side, and fell dead at +the feet of Antony. "O noble Eros," cried Antony, "I thank thee for +teaching me how to die!"--Plutarch. + +[Illustration] Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's _Antony and +Cleopatra_, and in Dryden's _All for Love or the World Well Lost_. + +(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and hence amorous poetry is called +Erotic.) + +EROS'TRATOS (in Latin EROSTRATUS), the incendiary who set fire to the +temple of Diana of Ephesus, that his name might be perpetuated. An +edict was published, prohibiting any mention of the name, but the +edict was wholly ineffective. + +[Illustration] Charles V., wishing to be shown over the Pantheon [_All +Saints_] of Rome, was taken to the top by a Roman knight. At parting, +the knight told the emperor that he felt an almost irresistible desire +to push his majesty down from the top of the building, "in order to +immortalize his name." Unlike Erostratos, the name of this knight has +not transpired. ERO'TA, a very beautiful but most imperious princess, +passionately beloved by Philander, Prince of Cyprus.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647). + +ERRA-PATER, an almanac, an almanac-maker, an astrologer. Samuel Butler +calls Lilly, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, which we are told was +the name of a famous Jewish astrologer. + + His only Bible was an Erra-Pater. + + Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633). + + "What's here? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl" + [_the person was Foresight_]. + +Congreve, _Love for Love_, iv. (1695). + +ERRAGON, king of Lora (in Scandinavia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief, +offered him his services, and obtained several important victories; +but Lorma, the king's wife, falling in love with him, the guilty pair +escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded the country, and slew Aldo in +single combat, but was himself slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni. +As for Lorma, she died of grief.--Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_. + +ERRANT DAMSEL (_The_), Una.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 1 (1590). + +ERRIMA, Greek maiden chidden by her mother for dreaming of Sappho, and +Lesbian dances and Delphian lyre, and commanded to + + "rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy spinning." + +She answers that talk of matron dignities and household tasks wearies +her: + + "I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay: + Forego them all for room to chant out free + The silent rhythms I hum within my heart, + And so for ever leave my weary spinning!" + +Margaret J. Preston, _Old Song and New_. (1870). + +ERROL (_Cedric_). Bright American boy, living with his widowed mother, +whose grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for and adopts him. The +boy's sweetness of manners and nobility of nature conquer the old +man's prejudices, and win him to sympathy and co-operation in his +schemes for making the world better.--Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Little +Lord Fauntleroy_ (1889). + +ERROL (_Gilbert, earl of_), lord high constable of Scotland.--Sir W. +Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +ERROR, a monster who lived in a den in "Wandering Wood," and with, +whom the Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. She had a brood +of 1000 young ones of sundry shape, and these cubs crept into their +mother's mouth when alarmed, as young kangaroos creep into their +mother's pouch. The knight was nearly killed by the stench which +issued from the foul fiend, but he succeeded in "rafting" her head +off, whereupon the brood lapped up the blood, and burst with satiety. + + Half like a serpent horribly displayed, + But th' other half did woman's shape retain. + And as she lay upon the dirty ground, + Her huge long tail her den all overspread, + Yet was in knots and many boughts [_folds_] up-wound, + Pointed with mortal sting. + +Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 1 (1590). + +ERROR OF ARTISTS, (See ANACHRONISMS). + +ANGELO (_Michel_), in his great picture of the "Last Judgment" has +introduced Charon's bark. + +BREUGHEL, the Dutch painter, in a picture of the "Wise Men of the +East" making their offerings to the infant Jesus, has represented +one of them dressed in a large white surplice, booted and spurred, +offering the model of a Dutch seventy-four to the infant. + +ETTY has placed by the bedside of Holofernes a helmet of the period of +the seventeenth century. + +MAZZOCHI (_Paulo_), in his "Symbolical Painting of the Four Elements," +represents the sea by _fishes_, the earth by _moles_, fire by a +_salamander_, and air by a _camel_! Evidently he mistook the chameleon +(which traditionally lives on air) for a camel. + +TINTORET, in a picture which represents the "Israelites Gathering +Manna in the Wilderness," has armed the men with guns. + +VERONESE (_Paul_), in his "Marriage Feast of Cana of Galilee," has +introduced among the guests several Benedictines. + +WEST, president of the Royal Academy, has represented Paris the +Phrygian in Roman costume. + +WESTMINSTER HALL is full of absurdities. Witness the following as +specimens:-- + +Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a Roman cuirass and sandals, but +on his head is a full-bottomed wig of the eighteenth century. + +The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in the costume of a Roman emperor, +and his duchess in the court dress of George I. period. + +ERRORS OF AUTHORS, (See ANACHRONISMS.) + +AKENSIDE. He views the Ganges from _Alpine_ heights.--_Pleasures of +Imagination_. + +ALLISON (_Sir Archibald_), says: "_Sir Peregine Pickle_ was one of the +pall-bearers of the Duke of Wellington."--_Life of Lord Castlereagh_. + +In his _History of Europe_, the phrase _droit de timbre_ ("stamp +duty") he translates "timber duties." + +ARTICLES OF WAR FOR THE ARMY. It is ordered "that every recruit shall +have the 40th and 46th of the articles read to him." (art. iii.). + +The 40th article relates wholly to the misconduct of _chaplains_, and +has no sort of concern with recruits. Probably the 41st is meant, +which is about mutiny and insubordination. + +BROWNE (_William_) _Apellês' Curtain_. W. Browne says: + + If ... I set my pencil to Appellês table [painting] + Or dare to _draw his curtain_. + +_Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 2. + +This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, but by Parrhasius, who lived +a full century before Apelles. The contest was between Zeuxis and +Parrhasius. The former exhibited a bunch of grapes which deceived the +birds, and the latter a curtain which deceived the competitor. + +BRUYSSEL (_E. von_) says: "According to Homer, Achillês had a +vulnerable heel." It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth to +Homer. The blind old bard nowhere says a word about it. The story of +dipping Achillês in the river Styx is altogether post-Homeric. + +BYRON. _Xerxes' Ships_. Byron says that Xerxes looked on his "ships by +thousands" off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire number of sails were +1200; of these 400 were wrecked before the battle off the coast of +Sêpias, so that even supposing the whole of the rest were engaged, the +number could not exceed 800.--_Isles of Greece_. + +_The Isle Teos_. In the same poem he refers to "Teos" as one of the +isles of Greece, but Teos is a maritime town on the coast of Ionia, in +Asia Minor. + +CERVANTES. _Dorothea's Father_. Dorothea represents herself as Queen +of Micomicon, because both her father and mother were _dead_, but Don +Quixote speaks of him to her as _alive_.--Pt. I. iv. 8. + +_Mambrino's Helmet_. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are told that the +galley-slaves set free by Don Quixote assaulted him with stones, and +"snatching the basin from his head, _broke it to pieces_." In bk. iv. +15 we find this basin quite whole and sound, the subject of a judicial +inquiry, the question being whether it was a helmet or a barber's +basin. Sancho (ch. 11) says, he "picked it up, bruised and battered, +intending to get it mended;" but he says, "I broke it to pieces," or, +according to one translator, "broke it into a thousand pieces." In +bk. iv. 8 we are told that Don Quixote "came from his chamber armed +_cap-à-pie_, with the barber's basin on his head." + +_Sancho's Ass_. We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) that Gines de Passamonte +"stole Sancho's ass." Sancho laments the loss with true pathos, and +the knight condoles with him. But soon afterwards Cervantes says: "He +_[Sancho]_ jogged on leisurely upon his ass after his master." + +_Sancho's Great-coat_. Sancho Panza, we are told, left his wallet +behind in the Crescent Moon tavern, where he was tossed in a blanket, +and put the provisions left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5). +The galley-slaves robbed him of "his _great-coat_, leaving only his +doublet" (ch. 8), but in the next chapter (9) we find "the victuals +had not been touched," though the rascals "searched diligently for +booty." Now, if the food was in the great-coat, and the great-coat was +stolen, how is it that the victuals remained in Sancho's possession +untouched? + +_Sancho's Wallet_. We are told that Sancho left his wallet by mistake +at the tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 5), but in ch. 9, when +he found the portmanteau, "he crammed the gold and linen into his +wallet."--Pt. I. iii. + +To make these oversights more striking, the author says, when Sancho +found the portmanteau, "he entirely forgot the loss of his _wallet_, +his _great-coat_, and of his faithful companion and servant Dapple" +(_the ass_). + +_Supper_. Cervantes makes the party at the Crescent tavern eat two +suppers in one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders in supper, and +"after supper" they read the story of _Fatal Curiosity_. In ch. 12 we +are told "the cloth was laid [_again_] for supper," and the company +sat down to it, quite forgetting that they had already supped.--Pt. I. +iv. + +CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA states that "the fame of Beaumarchais rests +on his two operas, _Le Barbier de Seville_ (1755) and _Le Mariage de +Figaro_." Every one knows that Mozart composed the opera of _Figaro_ +(1786), and that Casti wrote the libretto. The opera of _Le Barbier +de Seville_, or rather _Il Barbiere di Siviglia_, was composed by +Rossini, in 1816. What Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, one in +four acts and the other in five acts.--Art. "Beaumarchais." + +CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL. We are told, in a paper entitled "Coincidences," +that Thursday has proved a fatal day with the Tudors, for on that day +died Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. If this +had been the case it would, indeed, have been startling; but what +are the facts? Henry VIII. died on _Friday_, January 28, 1547, and +Elizabeth died on _Monday_, March 24, 1603.--Rymer, _Foedera_, xv. + +In the same paper we are told with equal inaccuracy that _Saturday_ +has been fatal to the present dynasty, "for William IV. and every +one of the Georges died on a Saturday." What, however, says history +proper? William IV. died on _Tuesday_, June 20, 1837; George I. died +_Wednesday_, June 11, 1727; George III. died _Monday_, January 29, +1820; George IV. died _Sunday_, June 26, 1830; and only George II. +died on a _Saturday_, "the day [_so_] fatal to the present dynasty." + +CHAUCER says: The throstle-cock sings so sweet a tone that Tubal +himself, the first musican, could not equal it.--_The Court of Love_. +Of course he means Jubal. + +CIBBER (_Colley_), in his _Love Makes a Man_, i., makes Carlos the +student say, "For the cure of herds [_Virgil's_] _bucolicks_ are a +master-piece; but when his art describes the commonwealth of bees ... +I'm ravished." He means _Georgics_. The _Bucolics_ are eclogues, and +never touch upon either of these subjects. The diseases and cures of +cattle are in _Georgic_ iii., and the habits, etc., of bees, _Georgic_ +iv. + +CID (_The_). When Alfonso succeeded his brother Sancho and banished +the Cid, Rodrigo is made to say: + + Prithee say where were these gallants + (Bold enough when far from blows)? + Where were they when I, unaided, + Rescued thee from thirteen foes? + +The historic fact is, not that Rodrigo rescued Alfonso from thirteen +foes, but that the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of Alfonso's foes. +Eleven he slew, and two he put to flight.--_The Cid_, xvi. 78. + +COLMAN. Job Thornberry says to Peregrine, who offers to assist him in +his difficulties, "Desist, young man, in time." But Peregrine was at +least 45 years old when so addressed. He was 15 when Job first knew +him, and had been absent thirty years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry +himself was not above five or six years older. + +COWPER calls the rose "the glory of April and May," but June is the +great rose month. In the south of England they begin to bloom in the +latter half of May, and go on to the middle of July. April roses would +be horticultural curiosities. + +CRITICS at fault. The licentiate tells Don Quixote that some critics +found fault with him for defective memory, and instanced it in this; +"We are told that Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has forgotten +to mention who the thief was." This is not the case, as we are +distinctly informed that it was stolen by Gines de Passamonte, one of +the galley slaves.--_Don Quixote_, II. i. 3. + +DICKENS, in _Edwin Drood_, puts "rooks and rooks' nests" (instead of +daws) "in the tower of Cloisterham." + +In _Nicholas Nickleby_ he presents Mr. Squeers as setting his boys "to +hoe turnips" in midwinter. + +In _The Tale of Two Cities_, iii. 4, he says: "The name of the strong +man of Old Scripture descended to the chief functionary who worked the +guillotine." But the name of this functionary was Sanson, not Samson. + +GALEN says that man has seven bones in the sternum (instead of three); +and Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends that "in days of yore the +robust chests of heroes had more bones than men now have." + +GREENE (_Robert_) speaks of Delphos as an _island_; But Delphos, or +rather Delphi, was a city of Phocis, and no island. "Six noblemen were +sent to the isle of Delphos."--_Donastus and Faunia_. Probably he +confounded the city of Delphi with the isle of Delos. + +HALLIWELL, in his _Archaic Dictionary_, says: "Crouchmas means +Christmas," and adds that Tusser is his authority. But this is +altogether a mistake. Tusser, in his "_May_ Remembrances," says: "From +bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be past," _i.e._ St. Helen's Day. Tusser +evidently means from May 3 (the invention of the Cross) to August 18 +(St. Helen's Day or the Cross-mas), not Christmas. + +HIGGONS (_Bevil_) says: + + The Cyprian queen, drawn by Apellês hand. + Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand! + But then bright nymphs from every part of Greece + Did all contribute to adorn the piece. + +_To Sir Godfrey Kneller_ (1780). + +Tradition says that Apellês model was either Phyrne, or Campaspê, +afterwards his wife. Campbell has borrowed these lines, but ascribes +the painting to Protog'enês the Rhodian. + + When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed + The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade, + The happy master mingled in the piece + Each look that charmed him in the fair of Greece. + +_Pleasures of Hope_, ii. + +JOHNSON (_Dr_.) makes Addison speak of Steele as "Little Dicky" +whereas the person so called by Addison was not Richard Steele, but a +dwarfish actor who played "Gomez" in Dryden's _Spanish Fryar_. + +LONDON NEWSPAPER (_A_), one of the leading journals of the day, has +spoken three times within two years of "passing _under_ the Caudine +Forks," evidently supposing them to be a "yoke" instead of a valley or +mountain pass. + +LONGFELLOW calls Erig'ena a _Scotchman_, whereas the very word means +an Irishman. + + Done into Latin by that Scottish beast. + Erigena Johannes. + +_Golden Legend_. + +"Without doubt, the poet mistook John Duns _[Scottus]_, who died +in 1308, for John Scottus _[Erigena]_, who died in 875. Erigena +translated into Latin, _St. Dionysius._ He was latitudinarian in his +views, and anything but 'a Scottish beast or Calvinist.'" + +_The Two Angels_. Longfellow crowns the _death-angel_ with amaranth, +with which Milton says, "the spirits elect bind their resplendent +locks;" and his angel of _life_ he crowns with asphodels, the flowers +of Pluto or the grave. + +MELVILLE (_Whyte_) makes a very prominent part of his story called +_Holmby House_ turn on the death of a favorite hawk named Diamond, +which Mary Cave tossed off, and saw "fall lifeless at the king's feet" +(ch. xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this very hawk is represented to be alive; +"proud, beautiful, and cruel, like a _Venus Victrix_ it perched on her +mistress's wrist, unhooded." + +MILTON. "Colkitto or Macdonnel or Galasp." In this line of Sonnet XI, +Milton seems to speak of three different persons, but in reality they +are one and the same; i.e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, son of +Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch means left-handed. + +In _Comus_ (ver. 880) he makes the siren Ligea sleek her hair with a +golden comb, as if she were a Scandinavian mermaid. + +MOORE (_Thom_.) says: + + The sunflower turns on her god, when he sets, + The same look which she turned when he rose. + +_Irish Melodies_, ii. ("Believe Me, if all those Endearing Young +Charms"). + +The sunflower does not turn either to the rising or setting sun. It +receives its name solely because it resembles a picture sun. It is not +a turn-sun or heliotrope at all. + +MORRIS (_W_.), in his _Atalanta's Race_, renders the Greek word +_Saophron_ "safron," and says: + + She the saffron gown will never wear, + And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid; + +_i.e._ she will never be a bride. Nonnius (bk. xii.) tells us that +virtuous women wore a girdled gown called _Saophron_ ("chaste"), to +indicate their purity and to prevent indecorous liberties. The gown +was not yellow at all, but it was girded with a girdle. + +MURPHY, in the _Grecian Daughter_, says (act i. 1): + + Have you forgot the elder Dionysius, + Surnamed the Tyrant?... Evander came from Greece, + And sent the tyrant to his humble rank, + Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence, + A wandering sophist thro' the realms of Greece. + +It was not Dionysius the _Elder_, but Dionysius the _Younger_, who was +the "wandering sophist;" and it was not Evander, but Timoleon, who +dethroned him. The elder Dionysius was not dethroned at all, nor +even reduced "to humble rank." He reigned thirty-eight years without +interruption, and died a king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the +age of 63. + +In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia says to Dionysius the Younger: + + Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius. + +It was not the father, but the son, (Dionysius the Younger) who lived +in exile at Corinth. + +In the same play he makes Timo'leon victorious over the Syracusans +(that is historically correct); and he makes Euphrasia stab Dionysius +the Younger, whereas he retreated to Corinth, and spent his time in +debauchery, but supported himself by keeping a school. Of his death +nothing is known, but certainly he was not stabbed to death by +Euphrasia.--See Plutarch. + +RYMER, in his _Foedera_, ascribes to Henry I. (who died in 1135) a +preaching expedition for the restoration of Rochester Church, injured +by fire in 1177 (vol. I i. 9). + +In the previous page Rymer ascribes to Henry I. a deed of gift from +"Henry, king of England and _lord of Ireland_;" but every one knows +that Ireland was conquered by Henry II., and the deed referred to was +the act of Henry III. + +On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, in 1298, to swear "in no wise +to confederate with Richard I."; whereas Richard I. died in 1199. + +SABINE MAID (_The_). G. Gilfillan, in his introductory essay to +Longfellow, says: "His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid, +have not crushed him." Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome to the +Sabines, and was crushed to death by their shields, was not a _Sabine_ +maid, but a Roman. + +SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). In the _Heart of Midlothian_ we read;: + +She _[Effie Deans_] amused herself with visiting the dairy ... and was +so near discovering herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaintance +with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared +herself to Bedredeen Hassan, whom the vizier his father in-law +discovered by his superlative skill in composing cream-tarts with +pepper in them. + +In these few lines are several gross errors: (1) cream-tarts should +be _cheese-cakes_; (2) the charge was "that he made cheese-cakes +_without_ putting pepper in them," and not that he made "cream-tarts +_with_ pepper;" (3) it was not the vizier, his father-in-law and +uncle, but his mother, the widow of Nouredeen, who made the discovery, +and why? for the best of all reasons--because she herself had taught +her son the receipt. The party were at Damascus at the time.--_Arabian +Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.). (See page 389, "Thackeray.") + + "What!" said Bedredeen, "was everything in + my house to be broken and destroyed ... only + because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake!" + +_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.). + +Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of "the philosopher who appealed +from Philip inflamed with wine to Philip in his hours of sobriety" +(_Antiquary_, x.). This "philosopher" was a poor old woman. + +SHAKESPEARE. _Althaea and the Fire-brand_. Shakespeare says, (_Henry +IV_. act ii. sc. 2) that "Althaea dreamt that she was delivered of a +fire-brand." It was not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a little +before Paris was born, that her offspring was a brand that consumed +the kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that the Fates laid a log of wood +on a fire, and told her that her son would live till that log was +consumed; whereupon she snatched up the log and kept it from the fire, +till one day her son Melea'ger offended her, when she flung the log on +the fire, and her son died, as the Fates predicted. + +_Bohemia's Coast_. In the _Winter's Tale_ the vessel bearing the +infant Perdita is "driven by storm on the coast of Bohemia;" but +Bohemia has no seaboard at all. + +In _Coriolanus_, Shakespeare makes Volumnia the mother, and Virgilia +the wife, of Coriolanus; but his _wife_ was Volumnia, and his _mother_ +Veturia. + +_Delphi an Island_. In the same drama (act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is +spoken of as an island; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, containing a +temple to Apollo. It is no island at all. + +_Duncan's Murder_. Macbeth did not murder Duncan in the castle of +Inverness, as stated in the play, but at "the smith's house," near +Elgin (1039). + +_Elsinore_. Shakespeare speaks of the beetling cliff of Elsinore, +whereas Elsinore has no cliffs at all. + + What if it [_the ghost_] tempt you toward the flood. + Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff + That beetles o'er its base into the sea? + +_Hamlet_, act i. sc. 4. + +_The Ghost_, in _Hamlet_, is evidently a Roman Catholic; he talks of +purgatory, absolution, and other Catholic dogmas; but the Danes at the +time were pagans. + +_St. Louis_. Shakespeare, in _Henry V_. act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X. +"St. Louis," but "St. Louis" was Louis IX. It was Louis IX. whose +"grandmother was Isabel," issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of +the Carlovingians. Louis X. was the son of Philippe IV. (_le Bel_) and +grandson of Philippe III. and "Isabel of Aragon," not Isabel, "heir of +Capet of the line of Charles the duke of Lorain." + +_Macbeth_ was no tyrant, as Shakespeare makes him out to be, but a +firm and equitable prince, whose title to the throne was better than +that of Duncan. + +Again, _Macbeth_ was not slain by Macduff at Dunsin'ane, but made his +escape from the battle, and was slain in 1056, at Lumphanan.--Lardner, +_Cabinet Cyc_., 17-19. + +In _The Winter's Tale_, act v. sc. 2, one of the gentlemen refers to +Julio Romano, the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), certainly +some 1800 years or more before Romano was born. + +In _Twelfth Night_, the Illyrian clown speaks of St. Bennet's Church, +London. "The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure, or the bells of +St. Bennet's sure may put you in mind: one, two, three" (act v. sc. +1); as if the duke was a Londoner. + +SPENSER. _Bacchus_ or _Saturn_? In the _Faëry Queen_, iii. 11, +Britomart saw in the castle of Bu'sirane (_3 syl_.), a picture +descriptive of the love of Saturn, who had changed himself into a +centaur out of love for Erig'onê. It was not Saturn, but Bacchus who +loved Erig'onê, and he was not tranformed into a centaur, but to a +horse. + +_Beonê_ or _Oenonê_? In bk. vi. 9 (_Faëry Queen_) the lady-love of +Paris is called Benonê, which ought to be Oenonê. The poet says that +Paris was "by Plexippus' brook" when the golden apple was brought to +him; but no such brook is mentioned by any classic author. + +_Critias and Socrates_. In bk. ii. 7 _(Faëry Queen)_ Spenser says: +"The wise Socrates ... poured out his life ... to the dear Critias; +his dearest bel-amie." It was not Socratês, but Theram'enes, one of +the thirty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, said smiling, +"This I drink to the health of fair Critias."--Cicero, _Tusculan +Questions_. + +_Critias_ or _Crito_? In _Faëry Queen_, iv. (introduction), Spenser +says that Socrates often discoursed of love to his friend Critias; but +it was Crito, or rather Criton that the poet means. + +_Cyprus_ and _Paphos_. Spenser makes Sir Scudamore speak of a temple +of Venus, far more beautiful than "that in Paphos, or that in Cyprus;" +but Paphos was merely a town in the island of Cyprus, and the "two" +are but one and the same temple.--_Faëry Queen_, iv. 10. + +_Hippomanês_. Spenser says the golden apples of Mammon's garden were +better than Those with which the Eubaean young man won Swift Atalanta. +_Faëry Queen_, ii. 7. + +The young man was Hippom'anês. He was not a "Eubaean," but a native of +Onchestos, in Boeo'tia. + +TENNYSON, in the _Last Tournament_, says (ver. I), Dagonet was +knighted in mockery by Sir Gaw'ain; but in the _History of Prince +Arthur_ we are distinctly told that King Arthur knighted him with his +own hand (pt. ii. 91). + +In _Gareth and Lynette_ the same poet says that Grareth was the son +of Lot and Bellicent; but we are told a score times and more in the +_History of Prince Arthur_, that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's +sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36). + +King Lot ... wedded Margawse; Nentres ... wedded Elain.--Sir T. +Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 35, 36. + +In the same _Idyll_ Tennyson has changed Lionês to Lyonors; but, +according to the collection of romances edited by Sir T. Malory, these +were quite different persons. Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and +sister of Linet of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth (pt. i. 153); +but Lyonors was the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the unwedded +mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15). + +Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry Lynette, and leaves the true +heroine, Lyonors, in the cold; but the _History_ makes Grareth marry +Lionês _(Lyonors)_, and Gaheris his brother marries Linet. + +Thus endeth the history of Sir Gareth, that wedded Dame Liones of the +Castle Perilous; and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister Dame +Linet.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (end of pt. i.). + +Again, in _Gareth and Lynette_, by erroneously beginning day with +sunrise instead of the previous eve, Tennyson reverses the order of +the knights, and makes the _fresh green morn_ represent the decline of +day, or, as he calls it, "Hesperus" or "Evening Star;" and the blue +star of evening he makes "Phosphorus" or the "Morning Star." + +Once more, in _Gareth and Lynette_, the poet-laureate makes the +combat between Gareth and Death finished at a single blow, but in the +_History_, Gareth fights from dawn to dewy eve. + +Thus they fought [_from sunrise_] till it was past noon, and would not +stint, till, at last both lacked wind, and then stood they wagging, +staggering, panting, blowing, and bleeding ... and when they had +rested them awhile, they went to battle again, trasing, rasing, +and foyning, as two boars ... Thus they endured till evening-song +time.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 136. + +In _the Last Tournament_, Tennyson makes Sir Tristram stabbed to +death, by Sir Mark in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying with +his aunt, Isolt _the Fair_, but in the _History_ he was in bed in +Brittany, severely wounded, and dies of a shock, because his wife +tells him the ship in which he expected his aunt to come was sailing +into port with a _black_ sail instead of a white one. + +The poet-laureate has deviated so often from the collection of tales +edited by Sir Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too much space to +point out his deviations even in the briefest manner. + +THACKERAY, in _Vanity Fair_, has taken from Sir Walter Scott his +allusion to Bedredeen, and not from the _Arabian Nights._ He has, +therefore, fallen into the same error, and added two more. He says: "I +ought to have remembered the pepper which the Princess of Persia puts +into the cream-tarts in India, sir" (ch. iii.). The charge was that +Bedredeen made his _cheese-cakes without_ putting pepper into them. +But Thackeray has committed in this allusion other blunders. It was +not a "princess" at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, who for the nonce had +become a confectioner. He learned the art of making cheese-cakes from +his mother (a widow). Again, it was not a "princess of Persia," for +Bedredeen's mother was the widow of the vizier of Balsora, at that +time quite independent of Persia. + +VICTOR HUGO, in _Les Travailleurs de la Mer_, renders "the Frith of +Forth" by the phrase _Premier des quatre_, mistaking "Frith" _for +first_, and "Forth" _for fourth_ or four. + +In his _Marie Tudor_ he refers to the _History and Annals of Henry +VII_. par Franc Baronum, "meaning" _Historia, etc_. + +_Henrici Septimi_, per Franciscum Baconum. + +VIEGIL has placed Æneas in a harbor which did not exist at the time. +"Portusque require Velinos" _(Æneid_, vi. 366). It was Curius Dentatus +who cut a gorge through the rocks to let the waters of the Velinus +into the Nar. Before this was done, the Velinus was merely a number of +stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about the same as if a modern poet +were to make Columbus pass through the Suez Canal. + +In _Æneid_, in. 171 Virgil makes Æneas speak of "Ausonia;" but as +Italy was so called from Auson, son of Ulysses and Calypso, of course +Æneas could not have known the name. + +Again, in _Æneid_ ix. 571, he represents Chorinseus as slain by +Asy'las; but in bk. xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus: + +Chorinaeum sternit Asylas + +Bk. ix. 571. + +Then: + + Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinseus ab ara + Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti + Occupat os flammis, etc. + + Bk. xii. 298, etc. + +Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, (ver. 554); but in bk. x. 562 +Numa is alive, and Æneas kills him. + +Once more, in bk. x. Æneas slays Camertês (ver. 562); but in bk. xii. +224 Jaturna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his shape. But if he was +dead, no one would have been deluded into supposing the figure to be +the living man. + +[Illustration] Of course, every intelligent reader will be able to add +to this list; but no more space can be allowed for the subject in this +dictionary. + +ER'RUA ("_the mad-cap_"), a young man whose wit defeated the strength +of the giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Polypheme). Thus the first +competition was in throwing a stone. The giant threw his stone, but +Errua threw a _bird_, which the giant supposed to be a stone, and as +it flew out of sight, Errua won the wager. The next wager was a bar +of iron. After the giant had thrown, Errua said, "From here to +Salamanca;" whereupon the giant bade him not to throw, lest the bar of +iron should kill his father and mother, who lived there; so the giant +lost the second wager. The third was to pull a tree up by the roots; +and the giant gave in because Errua had run a cord around a host of +trees, and said, "You pull up one, but I pull up all these." The next +exploit was at bed-time; Errua was to sleep in a certain bed; but +he placed a dead man in the bed, while he himself got under it. At +midnight Tartaro took his club and belabored the dead body most +unmercifully. When Errua stood before Tartaro next morning, the giant +was dumbfounded. He asked Errua how he had slept. "Excellently well," +said Errua, "but somewhat troubled by fleas." Other trials were made, +but always in favor of Errua. At length a race was proposed, and Errua +sewed into a bag the bowels of a pig. When he started, he cut the bag, +strewing the bowels on the road. When Tartaro was told that his rival +had done this to make himself more fleet, he cut his belly, and of +course killed himself.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_ (1877). + +ERS'KINE _(The. Rev. Dr_.), minister of Grayfriar's Church, +Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +ER'TANAX, a fish common in the Euphratês. The bones of this fish +impart courage and strength. + + A fish ... haunteth the flood of Eufratês ... + it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such + a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he + shall have so much courage that he shall never + be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor + sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing + he beholdeth before him.--Sir T. Malory, _History + of Prince Arthur_, iii. 84, (1470). + +ERUDITE (_Most_). Marcus Terentius Varro is called "the most erudite +of the Romans" (B.C. 116-27). + +ER'YTHRE, modesty personified, the virgin page of Parthen'ia or maiden +of chastity, in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully +described in canto x. (Greek, _cruthros_, "red," from _eruthriao_, "to +blush.") + +ERYSICHTHON [_Erri. sik'. thon_], a grandson of Neptune, who was +punished by Cerês with insatiable hunger, for cutting down some trees +in a grove sacred to that goddess. (See ERISICHTHON.) + +ES'CALUS, an ancient, kind-hearted lord in the deputation of the duke +of Vienna.--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603). + +_Es'calus_, Prince of Vero'na.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ +(1598). + +ES'CANES (_3 syl_.), one of the lords of Tyre.--Shakespeare, +_Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608). + +ESCOBAR (_Mons. L_') the French, name for a fox, so called from M. +Escobar the probabilist, whence also the verb _escobarder_, "to play +the fox," "to play fast and loose." + +The French have a capital name for the fox, namely, M. L'Escobar, +which may be translated the "shuffler," or more freely, "sly +boots."--_The Daily News_, March 25, 1878. + +ESCOTILLO (_i.e. little Michael Scott_), considered by the common +people as a magician, because he possessed more knowledge of natural +and experimental philosophy than his contemporaries. + +ES'DALE (_Mr_.), a surgeon at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's +Daughter_ (time, George II.). + +ES'INGS, the king of Kent. So called from Eisc, the father of Hengist, +as the Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, the Romans from +Romulus, the Cecrop'idae from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, and so +on.--Ethelwerd, _Chron_., ii. + +ESMERALDA, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, with tambourine and goat, +dances in the _place_ before Notre Dame de Paris, and is looked on as +a witch. Quasimodo conceals her for a time in the church, but after +various adventures she is gibbeted.--Victor Hugo, _Notre Dame de +Paris_. + +_Esmeralda_; humbly-born heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work of +same name. The story has been dramatized and played with great effect. + +ESMOND (_Henry_), a chivalrous cavalier in the reign of Queen Anne; +the hero of Thackeray's novel called _Henry Esmond_ (1852). + +ESPLAN'DIAN, son of Am'adis and Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the +subject of a fifth book to the four original books of _Amadis of Gaul_ +(1460). + +The description of the most furious battles, carried on with all the +bloody-mindedness of an Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, _Every +Man in his Humor_].--_Encyc. Brit_., Art. "Romance." + +ESPRIEL'LA (_Manuel Alvarez_), the apocryphal name of Robert Southey. +The poet-laureate pretends that certain "letters from England," +written by this Spaniard, were translated by him from the original +Spanish (three vols., 1807). + +ESSEX (_The earl of_), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord Burleigh +and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl of +Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved +the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the +queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very +angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was +taken, and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before +the trial, telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted, +if he sent to her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the +queen sent the countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he +had any plea to make. The earl entreated her to present the ring +to her majesty, and petition her to spare the life of his friend +Southampton. The countess purposely neglected this charge, and Essex +was executed. The queen, it is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord +Burleigh took care it should arrive too late. The poet says that Essex +had recently married the countess of Rutland, that both the queen and +the countess of Nottingham were jealous, and that this jealousy was +the chief cause of the earl's death. + +The Abbè Boyer, La Calprènede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the +some subject. + +_Essex_ (_The earl of_), lord high constable of England, introduced by +Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +ESTEL'LA, a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was +affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.--C. +Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860). + +ESTHER, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She loves +Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has to +teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to Helen +and Modus, only in lower social grade.--S. Knowles, _The Maid of +Mariendorpt_ (1838). + +ESTHER HAWDON, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson, +natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her +marriage with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle +creature, called by those who know and love her, "Dame Durden" or +"Dame Trot." She is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery. +Eventually she marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.--C. Dickens, _Bleak +House_ (1852). + +ESTHER _Bush_: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced, sharp +of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and +children.--James Fennimore Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827). + +_Esther_ (_Queen_), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre, +dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a +sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown +to travelers.--Ann Sophia Stevens, _Mary Derwent_ (1845). + +ESTIFA'NIA, an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the +Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the +copper captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's +mansion. The captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans +are only geese.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ +(1640). + +EST-IL-POSSSIBLE? A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen +Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling +announcement was, _Est-il possible?_ With this exclamation he +exhausted the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the +sobriquet. + +EST'MERE (_2 syl_.), king of England. He went with his younger brother +Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in marriage; +but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of Spain, +had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her +voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother +went to make preparations for the wedding, the "sowdan" arrived, and +demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched to +inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as a _harper +and his boy_. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler sang, +saying, "O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a king;" +and then drawing his sword he slew the "sowdan," Estmere at the same +time chasing from the hall the "kempery men." Being now master of +the position, Estmere took "the ladye faire," made her his wife, and +brought her home to England.--Percy, _Reliques_, 1. i. 5. + +ESTRILDIS OR ELSTRED, daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was +taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became +the mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling +insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and +her daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or +Severn.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 2, etc. + +ESTWICKE (_John_), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, _Where the +Battle was Fought_ (1884). His real name was John Fortescue. + +ETE'OCLES AND POLYNI'CES, the two sons Oe'dipos. After the expulsion +of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign alternate +years in Thebes. Eteoclês, being the elder, took the first turn, but +at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his brother; +whereupon Polynicês, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to the +city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the +other's hand. + +[Illustration] A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of +Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged +the Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body +of French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry +visited him in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like +lions. Henry wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when +Pedro seized him. At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the +leg, tossed him over, and Henry slew him.--Menard, _History of Du +Gueselin._ + +ETHAN (_Allen_). He gives under his own hand the history of the +capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular +story that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, "_In the name of +the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!_" _Allen's Narrative +of Captivity_ (1779). + +ETH'ELBERT, king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings +who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to +convert the English to "the true faith" (596), and built St. Paul's, +London.--Ethelwerd's _Chronicle_, ii. + + Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king. + To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring + Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent... + That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect. + +Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xi. (1613). + +ETH'ERINGTON (_The late earl of_) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer. + +_The titular earl of Etherington_, his successor to the title and +estates. + +_Marie de Martigny_ (_La comtesse_), wife of the titular earl of +Etherington.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.). + +ETHIOPIANS, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people +El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call +themselves Ithiopians or Ethiopians.--Seldon, _Titles of Honor_, vi. +64. + + Where the Abassin kings their issue guard, + Mount Amara. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 280 (1665). + +ETHIOP'S QUEEN, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, was +Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (_2 syl_.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting +that she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who +complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster +to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made a +constellation of thirteen stars. + + ... that starred Ethiop queen that strove + To set her beauty's praise above + The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended. + +Milton, _Il Penseroso_, 19 (1638). + + +ETHNIC PLOT. The "Popish Plot" is so called in Dryden's satire of +_Absalom and Achitophel._ As Dryden calls the royalists "Jews," +and calls Charles II. "David, king of the Jews," the papists were +"Gentiles" (or _Ethnoi_), whence the "Ethnic Plot" means the plot of +the Ethnoi against the people of God.--Pt. i. (1681). + +ETIQUETTE (_Madame_), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of the +ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her rigid +enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the _ancien +régime._ + +ETNA. Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the +hundred-handed giants. + + The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does + The giant of mythology. + +Tennyson, _The Golden Supper_. + +ETTEILLA, the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier +and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist, +and was visited in his studio in the Hôtel de Crillon (Rue de la +Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783 +he published _Manière de se Récréer avec le Jeu de Cartes nommées +Tarots_. In the British Museum are some divination cards published +in Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called _Grand +Etteilla_ and _Petit Etteilla_, each pack being accompanied with a +book of explication and instruction. + +ETTERCAP, an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The +ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt "Attercop." (The +Anglo-Saxon, _atter-cop_, poison-spider.) + + O sirs, was sic difference seen + As 'twix wee Will and Tam, + The ane's a perfect ettercap, + The ither's just a lamb. + W. Miller, _Nursery Songs_. + +ETTRICK SHEPHERD _(The)_, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was born +in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a +shepherd (1772-1835). + +ETTY'S NINE PICTURES, "the Combat," the three "Judith" pictures, +"Benaiah," "Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three pictures of "Joan +of Arc." + + "My aim," says Etty, "in all my great + pictures has been to paint some great moral on + the heart. 'The Combat' represents _the beauty + of mercy_; the three 'Judith' pictures, _patriotism_ + [1, _self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man_; 3, + _self-devotion to country_;] 'Benaiah, David's chief + captain,' represents _valor_; 'Ulysses and the + Syrens,' _sensual delights_ or _the wages of sin is + death_; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc' + depict _religion, loyalty_ and _patriotism_. In all, + nine in number, as it was my desire to paint + three."--William Etty, of York (1787-1849). + +ET'ZEL or EZZEL _(i.e. Attila_), king of the Huns, in the songs of +the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty +principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried. +In pt ii. of the _Niebelungen Lied_, he sees his sons and liegemen +struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as +unlike the Attila of history as a "hector" is to the noble Trojan "the +protector of mankind." + +EU'CHARIS, one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was +deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him +away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and +Mentor approved his choice.--Fenelon, _Télémaque_, vii. (1700). + +Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de +Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but +losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20. +She used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this +style of head-gear was called _à la Fontange_. + +EU'CLIO, a penurious old hunks.--Plautus, _Aulularia_. + + Now you must explain all this to me, unless + you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does + Staphy'la--Sir W. Scott. + +EU'CRATES (3 _syl_.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens. A +shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise; +hence the Latin proverb: + + Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates ("He has + more shifts than Eucrates"). + +EUDO'CIA (_4 syl_.), daughter of Eu'menês, governor of Damascus. +Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks +the consent of Eumenês, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to +the Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but +refuses to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia +retires into a nunnery.--John Hughes, _The Siege of Damascus_ (1720). + +EUDON (_Count_) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, "too +weak-minded to be independent." When the Spaniards rose up against +the Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: "Strike off +Count Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring +him else in arms against us now" (ch. xxv.). Southey, _Roderick, +etc_., xiii. (1814). + +EUDOX'IA, wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus +"poisoned" the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _Valentinian_ (1617). + +EUGENE _(Aram)._ Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a +murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted +down.--Lord Lytton, _Eugene Aram_. + +EUGE'NIA, called "Silence" and the "Unknown." She was the wife of +Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, "the foundling of the +forest." In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used +every endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were +abortive, and his villainy at length was brought to light.--W. Dimond, +_The Foundling of the Forest._ + +EUGÉNIE _(Lalande)._ The marvellously well-preserved great-grandmother +of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her. She reveals the +trick that has been played on him by presenting him with a pair of +eye-glasses.--Edgar Allan Poe, _The Spectacles_. + +EUGENIO, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra +jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la +Rosa.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote, I_. iv. 20 ("The Goatherd's Story," +1605). + +EUGENIUS, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall +Stevenson was the original of this character.--Sterne, _Tristram +Shandy_ (1759). + +EUHE'MEROS a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a _Sacred History_ to explain +the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin +mythologies. + +One could wish Euhêmeros had never been born. It was he that spoilt +[_the old myths_] first.--Ouidà, _Ariadnê_, i.1. + +EULENSPIEGEL _(Tyll), i.e._ "Tyll Owl-glass," of Brunswick. A man +who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic +servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but +rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs, +rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether +Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but +by many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed +to the famous German satirist, Thomas Murner. + +In the English versions of the story he is called _Howle-glass._ + +To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal +history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native +village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.--Carlyle. + +EUMÆOS (in Latin, _Eumoes_), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses, +hence any swine-herd. + +EU'MENES (_3 syl._), Governor of Damascus, and father of +Eudo'cia.--John Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720). + +EUMNES'TES, Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man, +decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnestês. +[Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory," _anamnêstis_, "research."--_Faëry +Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).] + +EUNICE (_Alias "Nixey_"). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an +illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from +the street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue. + +In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she +vows herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a +thunderstorm is translation rather than dissolution.--Elizabeth Stuart +Phelps _Hedged In_ (1870). + +EUPHRA'SIA, daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling "Viola" in +Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_. Being in love with Prince Philaster, +she assumes boy's attire, calls herself "Bellario," and enters the +prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess +Arethusa, and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender +page. The sex of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness +of this jealousy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies +A-bleeding_ (1608). + +_Euphra'sia_, "the Grecian daughter," was daughter of Evander, the +old king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a +dungeon on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had +fled from Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having +gained admission to the dungeon where her aged father was dying from +starvation, "fostered him at her breast by the milk designed for her +own babe, and thus the father found a parent in the child." When +Timoleon took Syracuse, Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but +Euphrasia, rushing forward, struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.--A. +Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772). + +[Illustration] The same tale is told-of Xantippê, who preserved the +life of her father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the +old man held out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret. + + There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light + What do I gaze on!... + An old man, and a female young and fair, + Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins + + The blood is nectar ... + Here youth offers to old age the food, + The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire, + To whom she renders back the debt of blood. + +Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 148 (1817). + +EU'PHRASY, the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once supposed +to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the archangel +Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see into the +distant future.--See Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 414-421 (1665). + +EU'PHUES (3 _syll_), the chief character in John Lilly's _Euphuês or +The Anatomy of Wit_, and _Euphues and his England_. He is an Athenian +gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and +roving habits. Shakespeare borrowed his "government of the bees" +_(Henry V_. act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphuês was designed to exhibit +the style affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth. Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called +_Euphues' Golden Legacy_ (1590). + + "The commonwealth of your bees," replied + Euphuês, "did so delight me that I was not a + little sorry that either their estates have not been + longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple + judgment, there was such an orderly government + that men may not be ashamed to imitate it." + +J. Lilly, _Euphues_ (1581). + + +(The romances of Calprenéde and Scudéri bear the same relation to +the jargon of Louis XIV., as the _Euphues_ of Lilly to that of Queen +Elizabeth.) + +EURE'KA! or rather HEUKE'KA! ("I have discovered it!") The exclamation +of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out how to +test the purity of Hi'ero's crown. + +The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had +given a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the +metal, and he asked Archimedês to ascertain if his suspicion was well +founded. The philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the +water ran over, and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced +its own bulk of water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of +gold, and the crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown +was pure gold, both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but +they did not do so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with. +Archimedes next immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference +of water displaced soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy +introduced by the artificer. + + Vitruvius says: "When the idea occurred to + the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and + without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran + home, exclaiming, '_Heureka! heureka!_'" + +EURO'PA. _The Fight at Dame Europa's School_, written by the Rev. +H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the +Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871). + +EUROPE'S LIBERATOR. So Wellington was called after the overthrow of +Bonaparte (1769-1852). + + Oh, Wellington ... called "Saviour of the Nations" + And "Europe's Liberator." + +Byron, _Don Juan_, ix. 5 (1824). + +EU'RUS, the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south wind; +Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant +("rising of the sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("setting of the +sun "). + + Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds-- + Eurus and Zephyr. + +Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 705 (1665). + +EURYD'ICE (_4 syl_.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on her +wedding night. + +Orpheus went down to Hadês to crave for her restoration to life, and +Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look +back. When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he +turned to see if Eurydicê´ was following, and just caught a glance of +her as she was snatched back into the shades below. + +(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called _Ode on St. +Cecilia's Day_, 1709.) + +EURYT'ION, the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night, but +walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros. +"Herculês them all did overcome."--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10 +(1696). + +EUS'TACE, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a +follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.). + +_Eustace, (Father)_, or "Father Eustatius," the superior and +afterwards abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the +friend of Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).--Sir W. +Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). + +_Eustace (Charles)_, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been +clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named +Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and +conceals his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is +thought to be a libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties +are reconciled.--J. Poole, _The Scapegoat._ + +_Eus'tace (Jack)_, the lover of Lucinda, and "a very worthy young +fellow," of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse +to the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir +William Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent +to the marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to +do as his sister Deborah said positively he "should not do it."--Is. +Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_. + +EVA (_St. Clair_). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's master, +and Uncle Tom's warm friend.--H.B. Stowe, _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (1851). + +E'VA, daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard +Day.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +EVAD'NE (3 _syl._), wife of Kap'aneus (_3 syl_.). She threw herself on +the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him. + +_Evad'ne_ (3 _syl_.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by +the king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the +"maid" whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).--Beaumont +and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610). + +The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the +guilty boldness of Evadnê, and the rough soldier-like bearing and +manly feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king +more hateful and disgusting.--R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i. +204. + +_Evad'ne_ or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief +minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize +the crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a +high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the +marquis is Evadnê (3 _syl_.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme +is to get Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch +Evadnê. With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadnê is the +king's _fille d'amour_, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy +cloak, but he adds "Never mind, it will make your fortune." The proud +Neapolitan is disgusted, and flings off Evadnê as a viper. Her brother +is indignant, challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and +Vicentio falls. Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the +king's amour, and induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then +murder him. The king goes to the banquet, and Evadnê shows him the +statues of the Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father, +who at the battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The +king is struck with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and +the king conceals himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor +minister the deed is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest, +gibes him as his dupe, and exclaims, "Now I am king indeed!" At this +moment the king comes forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico +to be arrested. The traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him. +Vicentio now enters, tells how his ear has been abused, and marries +Evadnê. + +EVAN DHU OF LOCHIEL, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. +Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.). + +EVAN DHU M'COMBICH, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, +_Waverley_ (time, George II.). + +EVANDALE (_The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord_), in the royal army +under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden, +the granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of +Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.). + +EVAN'DER, the "good old king of Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius the +Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius "and sent him for +vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece." +He was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top +of a rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia +had not nourished him with "the milk designed for her own babe." +When Syracuse was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon +Evander, and would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and +stabbed the tryant to the heart.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ +(1772). See ERRORS OF AUTHORS, "Dionysius." + +Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of +"Evander."--W.C. Russell, _Representative Actors_, 426. + +EVANGELIC DOCTOR _(The)_, John Wycliffe, "the Morning Star of the +Reformation" (1324-1384). + +EVANGELINE, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by +Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict +Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_). +At the age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to +Gabriel, son of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was +exiled by the order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands +were confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began +the troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her +betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached +the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to +Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to +meet him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to +Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the +city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down +with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but +death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him +in the grave. + +(Longfellow's _Evangeline_ (1849) has many points of close similitude +with Campbell's tale of _Gertrude of Wyoming_, 1809). + +EVANS (_Sir Hugh_), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of +extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.--Shakespeare, _The +Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601). + +The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, "I like not when a +'ooman has a great peard."--Macaulay. + +Henderson says: "I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when +preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for +many minutes together without speaking a word" (1750-1790). + +_Evans_ (_William_), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir +Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height, +and Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst +his _Worthies_.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles +II.). + +EVAN'THE (3 _syl_.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of +Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio. + +The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt, +offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time +the libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer, +and ultimately Evanthê was restored to her husband.--Beaumont and +Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624). + +EVE (_1 syl_), or Havah, the "mother of all living" (_Gen_. iii. 20). +Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she was +taken out of _ish, i.e._ "man" (_Gen_. ii. 23). + +Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she laid her head on one +hill near Mecca, her knees rested on two other hills in the +plain, about two gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm +tree.--Moncony, _Voyage_, i. 372, etc. + +EV'ELI'NA (_4 syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss Burney +(afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778). + +EVELYN (_Alfred_), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He +made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts, +mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas, +a dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to +marry him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense +fortune and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had +was given to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn +made her waver; however, being told that Evelyn's property was +insecure, she married Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry +Clara.--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840). + +_Evelyn_ (_Sir George_) a man of fortune, family, and character, in +love with Dorrillon, whom he marries.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as +they Were and Maids as they Are_ (1795). + +EVERARD (_Colonel Markham_), of the Commonwealth party. + +_Master Everard_, the colonel's father.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ +(time, commonwealth). + +EV'ERETT (_Master_), a hired witness of the "Popish Plot."--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original +play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of +the drama apply are: "Captain Bobadil," whose humor is bragging of +his brave deeds and military courage--he is thrashed as a coward +by Downright; "Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of his wife--he is +befooled and cured by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; "Stephen," +whose humor is verdant stupidity--he is played on by every one; +"Kno'well," whose humor is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns +out to be all moonshine; "Dame Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of her +husband, but she (like her husband) is cured by a trick devised by +Brain worm. Every man in his humor is liable to be duped thereby, for +his humor is the "Achilles' heel" of his character. + +EVERY MAN OUT OF HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599). + +EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the +fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady +Eleanor, because she married against his consent. By the fault of +gallantry and defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble +drove Lady Ramble into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, "Shall +I marry or shall I not!" Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining +for a wife and domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and +manliness, Mr. Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of +marrying without the consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was +reduced to poverty and even crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord +Norland received his daughter into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back +his wife; Solus married Miss Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights +of the head of the family; and Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the +son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised from indigence to domestic +comfort. + +EVIOT, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince Robert +of Scotland).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.). + +EVIR-ALLEN, the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. "A +thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand. +The sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was +Ossian." This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson, +but she was not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac +against the invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem +called _Fingal_, in six books.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iv. + +EW'AIN _(Sir)_, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's +half-sister).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 72 +(1470). + +EWAN OF BRIGGLANDS, a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. +Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.). + +EWART (_Nanty i.e._ Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir W. +Scott _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). + +EXCAL'IBUR, King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been two +of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which no +one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above +200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw +it with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In +ch. 7 this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so +bright "that it gave light like thirty torches." After his fight with +Pellinore, the king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took +him to a lake, and Arthur saw an arm "clothed in white samite, that +held a fair sword in the hand." Presently the Lady of the Lake +appeared, and Arthur begged that he might have the sword, and the lady +told him to go and fetch it. When he came to it he took it, "and the +arm and hand went under the water again." This is the sword generally +called Excalibur. When about to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to +cast the sword back again into the lake, and again the hand "clothed +in white samite" appeared, caught it, and disappeared (ch. 23).--Sir +T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 23 (1470). + + King Arthur's sword, Excalibur, + Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake; + Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps, + Upon the hidden bases of the hills. + +Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_. + +_Excalibur's Sheath_. "Sir," said Merlin, "look that ye keep well the +scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have +the scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds."--Sir T. +Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 36 (1470). + +EXECUTIONER (_No_). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor +of Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the +Huguenots, he replied, "Sire, there are many under my government +devoted to your majesty, but not a single executioner." + +EXHAUSTED WORLDS ... Dr. Johnson, in the prologue spoken by Garrick at +the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says of Shakespeare: + + Each change of many-colored life he drew? + Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new. + +EXTERMINATOR (_The_), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in the +seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an +intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties +in the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the +Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz +and Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered +them (1645-1707). + +EYE. _Terrible as the eye of Vathek_. One of the eyes of this caliph +was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look thereon, +and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated his whole +dominion.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784). + +EYED _(One-)_ people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed +people. + +The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of +the forehead. + +Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor, +in his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed +giants. + +EYRE _(Jane)_, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse +circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in +whom the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted, +and not destroyed.--Charlotte Bronté, _Jane Eyre_ (1847). + +EZ'ZELIN _(Sir)_, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of +Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel +ensues, and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that +he saw a huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which +divided the lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of +knighthood on the breast of the corpse.--Byron, _Lara_ (1814). + +FAA _(Gabriel)_, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at +Liddesdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.). + +FAB'ILA, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild +boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but +the boar overthrew him and gored him to death.--_Chronica Antiqua de +España_, 121. + +FA'BIUS _(The American)_, George Washington (1732-1799). + +_Fa'bius (The French)_, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of +France (1493-1567). + +FABRICIUS [_Fa.brish'.e.us_], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and +Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty +of the "good old times." Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by +bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. "Excellent Fabricius," cried +the Greek, "one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as +turn Fabricius from the path of duty." + +_Fabric'ius_, an author, whose composition was so obscure that +Gil Blas could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his +writings. His poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of +far-fetched expressions and perplexed phrases. + +FABRIT'IO, a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the +woman-hater.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613). + +FACE (1 _syl._), _alias_ "Jeremy," house-servant of Lovewit. During +the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist) +and Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic. +Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by +Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he +called himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the title of "captain," +touted for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other +two in their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of +Lovewit, the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued +in his place as house-servant.--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1619). + +FACTO'TUM (_Johannes_), one employed to do all sorts of work for +another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his +household management or business. + +He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own +conceit.--Greene, _Groat's-worth of Wit_ (1692). + +FADDLE _(William)_, a "fellow made up of knavery and noise, with +scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the +very devil might have bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles Raymond +says to him: + +"Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee +needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy +wit is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if +thou hast any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with +thee, laugh at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful +rewards and painful abuses."--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_, iv. 2 +(1748). + +FA'DHA _(Ah)_, Mahomet's silver cuirass. + +FAD'LADEEN, the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'bê's harem. He +criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way to +Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the +young king his master. + +Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a +Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and +literature; from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the +composition of an epic poem.--T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817). + +FADLADIN'IDA, wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is +alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'odês, and +at the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, "Well, +gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both."--H. Cary, +_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque). + +FAËRY QUEEN, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos each, +by Edmund Spenser _(incomplete)._ + +Book I. THE RED CROSS KNIGHT, _the spirit of Christianity_, or the +victory of holiness over sin (1590). + +II. THE LEGEND OF SIB GUYON, _the golden mean_ (1590). + +III. THE LEGEND or BRITOMARTIS, _chaste love._ Britomartis is Diana or +Queen Elizabeth (1590). + +IV. CAMBEL AND TRIAMOND, _fidelity_ (1596). + +V. THE LEGEND OF SIR AR'TEGAL, _justice_' (1596). + +VI. THE LEGEND OF SIR CALIDORE, _courtesy_ (1596). + +[Illustration] Sometimes bk. vii., called. _Mutability_, is added; but +only fragments of this book exist. + +FAFNIS, the dragon with which Sigurd fights.--_Sigurd the Horny_ (a +German romance based on a Norse legend). + +FAG, the lying servant of Captain Absolute. He "wears his master's +wit, as he does his lace, at second hand."--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ +(1775). + +FAGGOT _(Nicholas)_, clerk to Matthew Foxley, the magistrate who +examined Darsie Latimer _(i. e_. Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet) after +he had been attacked by rioters.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.). + +FAGGOTS AND FAGGOTS _(II y a fagots et fagots)_, all things of the +same sort are not equal in quality. In Molière's _Le Médecin Malgré +Lui_, Sganarelle wants to show that his faggots are better than those +of other persons, and cries out "Ay! but those faggots are not equal +to mine." + +II est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier homme du monde pour +faire des fagots ... + +Je n'y épargne aucune chose, et les fais d'une facon qu'il n'y a rien +a dire ... Il y a fagots, et fagots.--Act i. 6 (1666). + +FAGIN, an old Jew, who employs a gang of thieves, chiefly boys. These +boys he teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. Fagin assumes a +most suave and fawning manner, but is malicious, grasping, and full of +cruelty.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837). + +FAINALL, cousin by marriage to Sir Wilful Witwould. He married a +young, wealthy, and handsome widow, but the two were cat and dog to +each other. The great aim of Fainall was to get into his possession +the estates of his wife (settled on herself "in trust to Edward +Mirabell"), but in this he failed. In outward semblance, Fainall was +plausible enough, but he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, false +to his friends, faithless to his wife, overreaching, and deceitful. + +_Mrs. Fainall_. Her first husband was Languish, son of Lady Wishford. +Her second husband she both despised and detested.--W. Congreve, _The +Way of the World_ (1700). + +FAINASO'LIS, daughter of Craca's king (_the Shetland Isles_). When +Fingal was quite a young man, she fled to him for protection against +Sora, but scarcely had he promised to take up her cause, when Sora +landed, drew the bow, and she fell. Fingal said to Sora, "Unerring +is thy hand, O Sora, but feeble was the foe." He then attacked the +invader, and Sora fell.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iii. + +FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY, a line in a ballad written to the +"Berkshire Lady," a Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of Sir William +Kendrick, second baronet. Sir William's father was created baronet by +Charles II. The wooer was a Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, to +whom the lady sent a challenge. + + Having read this strange relation, + He was in a consternation; + But, advising with a friend, + He persuades him to attend: + "Be of courage and make ready, + Faint heart never won fair lady." + +_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245. + +_Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady_, name of a _petit comédie_ brought +out by Mde. Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris herself performed the +part of the "fair lady." + +FAIR PENITENT (_The_) a tragedy by Rowe (1703). Calista was daughter +of Lord Sciol'to (3 _syl_.), and bride of Lord Al'tamont. It was +discovered on the wedding-day that she had been seduced by Lotha'rio. +This led to a duel between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which +Lothario was killed; a street riot ensued, in which Sciolto receives +his death-wound; and Calista, "the fair penitent," stabbed herself. +The drama is a mere _réchauffé_ of Massinger's _Fatal Dowry_. + +FAIRBROTHER (_Mr_.), counsel of Effie Deans at the trial.--Sir W. +Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +FAIRFAX (_Thomas, lord_), father of the duchess of Buckingham.--Sir W. +Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.). + +_Fairfax (Rutherford)._ Young man born of a line of brave men, who +is conscious that early petting at home and a foreign education have +developed physical cowardice. On his way home from England he falls +into the hands of desperadoes who force him to fire a pistol at a +bound man. The lad is almost fainting, and swoons with pain and horror +when the deed is, as he thinks, done. His father believes him a +coward, and the sense of this and a loving woman's trust in him, +nerve him to deeds of endurance and valor that clear his record +triumphantly.--Octave Thanet, _Expiation_ (1890). + +FAIRFIELD, the miller, and father of Patty "the maid of the mill." An +honest, straightforward man, grateful and modest.--Bickerstaff, _The +Maid of the Mill_ (1647). + +FAIRFORD (_Mr. Alexander_ or _Saunders_), a lawyer. + +_Allan Fairford_, a young barrister, son of Saunders, and a friend of +Darsie Latimer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sister of Sir Arthur +Darsie Redgauntlet, called "Darsie Latimer." + +_Peter Fairford_, Allan's cousin.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, +George III.). + +FAIRLEIGH (_Frank_), the pseudonym of F.E. Smedley, editor of Sharpe's +_London Magazine_ (1848, 1849). It was in this magazine that Smedley's +two novels, _Frank Fairleigh_ and _Louis Arundel_ were first +published. + +FAIRLIMB, sister of Bitelas, and daughter of Rukenaw the ape, in the +beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498). + +FAIR MAID OF PERTH. Heroine of Scott's novel of same name. + +FAIR'SCRIEVE (2 _syl_.), clerk of Mr. James Middleburgh, a magistrate +of Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +FAIRSERVICE (_Mr._), a magistrate's clerk.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of +Midlothian_ (time, George II.). + +_Fairservice (Andrew)_, the humorous Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand +Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Boy_ (time, +George I.). + +Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its way as the humors of +Andrew Fairservice.--_London Athenæum_. + +FAIRSTAR _(Princess)_, daughter of Queen Blon'dina (who had at one +birth two boys and a girl, all "with stars on their foreheads, and a +chain of gold about their necks"). On the same day, Blondina's sister +Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) had a son, afterwards called +Cherry. The queen-mother, wishing to destroy these four children, +ordered Fein'tisa to strangle them, but Feintisa sent them adrift in +a boat, and told the queen-mother they were gone. It so happened that +the boat was seen by a corsair, who brought the children to his wife +Cor'sina to bring up. The corsair soon grew immensely rich, because +every time the hair of these children was combed, jewels fell from +their heads. When grown up, these castaways went to the land of their +royal father and his brother, but Cherry was for a while employed in +getting for Fairstar (1) _The dancing water_, which had the gift of +imparting beauty; (2) _The singing apple_, which had the gift of +imparting wit; and (3) _The green bird_, which could reveal all +secrets. By this bird the story of their birth was made known, and +Fairstar married her cousin Cherry.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ +("Princess Fair-star," 1682). + +[Illustration] This tale is borrowed from the fairy tales of +Straparola, the Milanese (1550). + +FAITH _(Brown)_, wife of Goodman Brown. He sees her in his fantasy +of the witches' revel in the forest, and calls to her to "look up to +heaven."--Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854). + +_Faith_ (_Derrick_). A beautiful, unsophisticated girl, whose +accomplished tutor instructs her in belles lettres, natural +philosophy, religion and love. He becomes a clergyman and she marries +him.--Susan Warner, _Say and Seal_ (1860). + +_Faith Gartney_. A city girl whose parents remove to the country +before she has an opportunity to enter society. She is partially +betrothed to Paul Rushleigh, but under the influence of nature, and +association with an older and nobler man, outgrows her early lover, +and marries Roger Armstrong.--A.D.T. Whitney, _Faith Gartney's +Girlhood_ (1863). + +FAITHFUL, a companion of Christian in his walk to the Celestial City. +Both were seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being burnt to death, +was taken to heaven, in a chariot of fire.--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's +Progress_, i. (1678). + +_Faithful_ (_Jacob_), the title and hero of a sea tale, by Captain +Marryat (1835). + +_Faithful_ (_Father of the_), Abraham.--_Rom_. iv.; _Gal_. iii. 6-9. + +FAITHFUL SHEPHERDESS _(The)_, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher +(1610). The "faithful shepherdess" is Clorin, whose lover was dead. +Faithful to his memory, Clorin retired from the busy world, employing +her time in works of humanity, such as healing the sick, exorcising +the bewitched, and comforting the afflicted. + +(A part of Milton's _Comus_ is almost a verbal transcript of the +pastoral.) + +FAKAR (_Dhu'l_), Mahomet's scimitar. + +FAKENHAM GHOST _(The)._ An old woman, walking to Fakenham, had to +cross the churchyard after nightfall. She heard a short, quick step +behind, and looking round saw what she fancied to be a four-footed +monster. On she ran, faster and faster, and on came the pattering +footfalls behind. She gained the churchyard gate and pushed it open, +but, ah! "the monster" also passed through. Every moment she expected +it would leap upon her back. She reached her cottage door and fainted. +Out came her husband with a lantern, saw the "sprite," which was no +other than the foal of a donkey, that had strayed into the park and +followed the ancient dame to her cottage door. + + And many a laugh went through the vale. + And some conviction, too; + Each thought some other goblin tale + Perhaps was just as true. + +R. Bloomfield, _The Fakenham Ghost_ (a fact). + + +FALCON. Wm. Morris tells us that whoso watched a certain falcon for +seven days and seven nights without sleeping, should have his first +wish granted by a fay. A certain king accomplished the watching, and +wished to have the fay's love. His wish was granted, but it proved his +ruin.--_The Earthly Paradise_ ("July") + +FALCONER (Mr.), laird of Balmawhapple, friend of the old baron of +Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ time, George _Falconer_ +(_Major_), brother of Lady Bothwell.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's +Mirror_ (time, William III.). + +_Falconer_ (_Edmund_), the _nom de plume_ of Edmund O'Rourke, author +of _Extremes or Men of the day_ (a comedy, 1859). + +FALIE'RO (_Marino_), the doge of Venice, an old man who married a +young wife named Angioli'na (3 _syl_.). At a banquet, Michel Steno, a +young patrician, grossly insulted some of the ladies, and was, by +the order of the doge, turned out of the house. In revenge, Steno +placarded the doge's chair with some scurrilous verses upon the young +dogaressa, and Faliero referred the matter to "the Forty." The council +sentenced Steno to two months' imprisonment, and the doge deemed this +punishment so inadequate to the offence, that he looked upon it as a +personal insult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, root and branch, +the whole Venetian nobility. The project being discovered, Faliero was +put to death (1355), at the age of 76, and his picture removed from +the gallery of his brother doges.--Byron, _Marino Faliero._ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction +and the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11431 *** |