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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and
+the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol 1
+       A Revised American Edition of the Reader's Handbook
+
+Author: The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2004 [EBook #11431]
+[Date last updated: January 22, 2006]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARACTER SKETCHES, VOL. I ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Bradley Norton and PG Distributed
+Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION AND THE DRAMA
+
+A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK
+
+BY
+
+THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D.
+
+EDITED BY MARION HARLAND
+
+VOLUME I
+
+
+
+NEW YORK   SELMAR HESS   PUBLISHER
+  M D C C C X C I I
+
+
+Copyright, 1892, by
+SELMAR HESS
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+VOLUME I.
+
+PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS.
+
+_Illustration_.................._Artist_
+
+ICHABOD CRANE (_colored_).......E.A. ABBEY
+
+CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY................TOBY ROSENTHAL
+
+LADY BOUNTIFUL.......................ROB. W. MACBETH
+
+SYDNEY CARTON........................FREDERICK BARNARD
+
+BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA..............._From a Photograph from Life_
+
+ABBÉ CONSTANTIN......................MADELEINE LEMAIRE
+
+CAPTAIN CUTTLE.......................FREDERICK BARNARD
+
+THE TRUSTY ECKART....................JULIUS ADAM
+
+ELAINE...............................TOBY ROSENTHAL
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES.
+
+ABELARD..............................A. GUILLEMINOT
+
+ÆNEAS RELATING HIS STORY TO DIDO....P. GUÉRIN
+
+ALBERICH'S PURSUIT OF THE NIBELUNGEN RING...HANS MAKART
+
+ALETHE, PRIESTESS OF ISIS............EDWIN LONG
+
+ALEXIS AND DORA......................W. VON KAULBACH
+
+ALICE, THE MILLER'S DAUGHTER.........DAVIDSON KNOWLES
+
+ANCIENT MARINER (THE)................GUSTAVE DORÉ
+
+ANDROMEDA............................
+
+ANGÉLIQUE AND MONSEIGNEUR DE HAUTECOEUR...JEANNIOT
+
+ANGUS AND DONALD.....................W.B. DAVIS
+
+ANTIGONE AND ISMENE..................EMIL TESCHENDORFF
+
+ANTONY AND THE DEAD CÆSAR...........
+
+ARCHIMEDES...........................NIC BARABINO
+
+ARGAN AND DOCTOR DIAFOIRUS...........A. SOLOMON
+
+ASHTON (LUCY) AND RAVENSWOOD.........SIR EVERETT MILLAIS
+
+ATALA (BURIAL OF)....................GUSTAVE COURTOIS
+
+AUGUSTA IN COURT.....................A. FORESTIER
+
+AUTOMEDON............................HENRI REGNAULT
+
+BALAUSTION...........................F.H. LUNGREN
+
+BALDERSTONE (CALEB) AND MYSIE.......GEORGE HAY
+
+BAREFOOT (LITTLE)....................F. VON THELEN-RÜDEN
+
+BARKIS IS WILLIN'....................C.J. STANILAND
+
+BAUDIN (THE DEATH OF)................J.-P. LAURENS
+
+BAYARD (THE CHEVALIER)...............LARIVIÈRE
+
+BEDREDEEN HASSAN (MARRIAGE OF) AND NOUREDEEN...F. CORMON
+
+BELLENDEN (LADY) AND MAUSE HEADRIGG..WM. DOUGLAS
+
+BENEDICK AND BEATRICE................HUGHES MERLE
+
+BIRCH (HARVEY), THE PEDDLER-SPY.....
+
+BLANCHELYS (QUEEN) AND THE PILGRIM...J. NOEL PATON
+
+BOABDIL-EL-CHICO'S FAREWELL TO GRENADA...E. CORBOULD
+
+BOADICEA.............................THOS. STOTHARD
+
+BONNICASTLE (ARTHUR) AND MILLIE BRADFORD...
+
+BOTTOM AND TITANIA...................SIR EDWIN LANDSEER
+
+BRABANT (GENEVIÈVE DE)...............ERNST BOSCH
+
+BRÄSIG, LINING AND MINING............CONRAD BECKMANN
+
+BROOKING'S (JOHN) STUDIO.............A. FORESTIER
+
+CÆSAR (THE DEATH OF).................J.L. GÉRÔME
+
+CANTERBURY PILGRIMS (THE)............THOS. STOTHARD; WM. BLAKE
+
+CAREW (FRANCIS) FINDING THE BODY OF DERRICK...HAL LUDLOW
+
+CARMEN...............................J. KOPPAY
+
+CATARINA.............................
+
+CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW...P. GROTJOHANN
+
+CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT..........JULES AVIAT
+
+CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON.......W.B. MORRIS
+
+CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD...........J. SANT
+
+CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF)............
+
+CHRISTIAN ENTERING THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION...F.R. PICKERSGILL
+
+CINDERELLA AND THE FAIRY GOD-MOTHER..GUSTAVE DORÉ
+
+CIRCE AND HER SWINE..................BRITON RIVIÈRE
+
+CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR...........
+
+CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE..........ADRIEN MARIE
+
+CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA.................HOLMAN HUNT
+
+COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG.................LEO. REIFFENSTEIN
+
+CONSUELO.............................
+
+COSETTE..............................G. GUAY
+
+COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN)...................F. BARNARD
+
+COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING FROM CHURCH...CHAS. R. LESLIE
+
+CYMON AND IPHIGENIA..................SIR FREDERICK LEIGHTON
+
+DAPHNIS AND CHLOE....................GÉRARD
+
+DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIFE..........C. DENDY SADLER
+
+D'ARTAGNAN...........................
+
+DEANS (EFFIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON...R. HERDMAN
+
+DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL......EMILE BAYARD
+
+DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE.............E. KELLER
+
+DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE)..........
+
+EGMONT AND CLÄRCHEN..................C. HUEBERLIN
+
+ELECTRA..............................E. TESCHENDORFF
+
+ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART............W. VON KAULBACH
+
+ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE...........THEODOR PIXIS
+
+ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE..........J. ADAMS-ACTON
+
+ELLIE (LITTLE).......................
+
+ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS............DOMENICHINO
+
+ESMERALDA............................G. BRION
+
+ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO..........W. VON KAULBACH
+
+EVANGELINE...........................EDWIN DOUGLAS
+
+EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE...........E. WESTALL
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA.
+
+AA'RON, a Moor, beloved by Tam'ora, queen of the Goths,
+in the tragedy of _Titus Andron'icus_, published among the plays of
+Shakespeare (1593).
+
+(The classic name is _Andronicus_, but the character of this play is
+purely fictitious.)
+
+_Aaron (St.)_, a British martyr of the City of Legions (_Newport_,
+in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us
+Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two
+churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St.
+Aaron and one in honor of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was
+called Caerleon by the British.
+
+  ... two others ... sealed their doctrine with
+  their blood;
+  St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their
+  room
+  At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom.
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv, (1622).
+
+AAZ'IZ (3 _syl._), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes called;
+but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.).
+
+ABAD'DON, an angel of the bottomless pit (_Rev_. ix. 11). The word is
+derived from the Hebrew, _abad_, "lost," and means _the lost one_.
+There are two other angels introduced by Klopstock in _The Messiah_
+with similar names, but must not be confounded with the angel referred
+to in _Rev_.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other
+Abbad'ona, the repentant devil.
+
+AB'ARIS, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride through
+the air.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.
+
+ABBAD'ONA, once the friend of Ab'diel, was drawn into the rebellion of
+Satan half unwillingly. In hell he constantly bewailed his fall, and
+reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He openly declared to the
+internals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the
+death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the
+cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not
+told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon,
+the angel of death, says--
+
+"For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders. How long thou art permitted to
+remain on earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be allowed to see
+the resurrection of the Lord of glory ... but be not deceived, thou
+canst not view Him with the joy of the redeemed." "Yet let me see Him,
+let me see him!"--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xiii.
+
+ABBERVILLE (_Lord_), a young nobleman, 23 years of age, who has for
+travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary,
+wholly ignorant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young
+man runs wantonly wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his
+passions almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed
+by his honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his
+father's executor, Mr. Mortimer. This "fashionable lover" promises
+marriage to a vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore,
+but is saved from this pitfall also.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable
+Lover_ (1780).
+
+ABBOT (_The_), the complacent churchman in Aldrich's poem of _The
+Jew's Gift_, who hanged a Jew "just for no crime," and pondered and
+smiled and gave consent to the heretic's burial--
+
+"Since he gave his beard to the birds." (1881.)
+
+ABDAL-AZIS, the Moorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of
+king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic
+sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and
+murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick.--
+Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814).
+
+AB'DALAZ'IZ (_Omar ben_), a caliph raised to "Mahomet's bosom" in
+reward of his great abstinence and self-denial.--_Herbelot_, 690.
+
+He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think with the caliph Omar
+ben Abdalaziz that it was necessary to make a hell of this world to
+enjoy paradise in the next.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+ABDAL'DAR, one of the magicians in the Domdaniel caverns, "under the
+roots of the ocean." These spirits were destined to be destroyed by
+one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 _syl_.), so they persecuted the race
+even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was
+appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. He discovered the
+stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him
+to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him,
+and he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the
+magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits.
+--Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, ii. iii. (1797).
+
+ABDALLA, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Abdal'lah_, brother and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 _syl_.), pacha of
+Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha.--Byron, _Bride of Abydos_.
+
+ABDALLAH EL HADGI, Saladin's envoy.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+ABDALS or _Santons_, a class of religionists who pretend to be
+inspired with the most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded
+with great veneration by the vulgar.--_Olearius_, i. 971.
+
+AB'DIEL, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged those
+under him to revolt.
+
+  ... the seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
+  Among the faithless faithful only he;
+  Among innumerable false, unmoved.
+  Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
+  His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, v. 896, etc. (1665).
+
+ABELARD and ELOISE, unhappy lovers, whose illicit love was succeeded
+by years of penitence and remorse. Abelard was the tutor of Heloise
+(or Eloise), and, although vowed to the church, won and returned her
+passion. They were violently separated by her uncle. Abelard entered a
+monastery and Eloise became a nun. Their love survived the passage of
+years, and they were buried together at _Père la Chaise.--Eloise and
+Abelard_. By Alexander Pope (1688-1744).
+
+ABENSBERG (_Count_), the father of thirty-two children. When Heinrich
+II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers presented
+their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two children,
+"as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and country."
+
+ABES'SA, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's _Faëry
+Queen_, i. 3. She is the paramour of Kirkrapine, who used to rob
+churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of
+Corceca (_Blindness of Heart_).
+
+ABIGAIL, typical name of a maid.--See Beaumont and Fletcher, Swift,
+Fielding, and many modern writers.
+
+ABNEY, called _Young Abney_, the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a
+royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the Commonwealth).
+
+ABON HASSAN, a young merchant of Bag dad, and hero of the tale called
+"The Sleeper Awakened," in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_.
+While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything
+they can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes
+the caliph's chief favorite.
+
+Shakespeare, in the induction of _Taming of the Shrew_, befouls
+"Christopher Sly" in a similar way, but Sly thinks it was "nothing but
+a dream."
+
+Philippe _le Bon_, duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora,
+tried the same trick.--Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, ii. 2,4.
+
+ABOU BEN ADHEM, "awakening one night from a deep dream of peace," sees
+an angel writing the names of those who love the Lord. Ben Adhem's
+name is registered as "one who loves his fellow-men." A second vision
+shows his name at the head of the list.
+
+_Abou Ben Adhem_. By Leigh Hunt (1784-1859).
+
+  ABRA, the most beloved of Solomon's concubines.
+  Fruits their odor lost and meats their taste,
+  If gentle Abra had not decked the feast;
+  Dishonored did the sparkling goblet stand,
+  Unless received from gentle Abra's hand; ...
+  Nor could my soul approve the music's tone
+  Till all was hushed, and Abra sang alone.
+
+M. Prior, _Solomon_ (1664-1721).
+
+AB'RADAS, the great Macedonian pirate.
+
+Abradas, the great Macedonian pirate, thought every one had a letter
+of mart that bare sayles in the ocean.--Greene, _Penelope's Web_
+(1601).
+
+ABROC'OMAS, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of _Ephesi'aca_,
+by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian).
+
+AB'SALOM, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the duke
+of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. _(David)_. Like Absalom, the
+duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was beloved and rebellious; and
+like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685).
+
+AB'SOLON, a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. His
+hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hose red. He could let blood,
+cut hair, and shave, could dance, and play either on the ribible or
+the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison,
+the young wife of John, a rich but aged carpenter: but Alison herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house.--_The
+Miller's Tale_ (1388).
+
+ABSOLUTE _(Sir Anthony)_, a testy but warm-hearted old gentleman, who
+imagines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and when he quarrels
+with his son, the captain, fancies it is the son who is out of temper,
+and not himself. Smollett's "Matthew Bramble" evidently suggested this
+character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor of this part.
+
+_Captain Absolute_, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish,
+the heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Beverley. Bob Acres,
+his neighbor, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the unknown
+ensign; but when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute,
+he declines to fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's
+hand.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).
+
+ABSYRTUS, brother of Medea and companion of her flight from Colchis.
+To elude or delay her pursuers, she cut him into pieces and strewed
+the fragments in the road, that her father might be detained by
+gathering up the remains of his son.
+
+_Abu'dah_, in the drama called _The Siege of Damascus_, by John Hughes
+(1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down
+before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war;
+and when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he
+makes peace with the Syrians on honorable terms.
+
+ABU'DAH, in the _Tales of the Genii_, by H. Ridley, is a wealthy
+merchant of Bag dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes,
+which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every
+night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman
+which is to free him of this hag [_conscience_] is to "fear God and
+keep his commandments."
+
+ACADE'MUS, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for the
+place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the "Academic
+sect."
+
+The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_,
+i (1721-1770).
+
+ACAS'TO (_Lord_), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore; and
+guardian of Monimia "the orphan." He lived to see the death of his
+sons and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's sword, Castalio
+stabbed himself, and Monimia took poison.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680).
+
+ACES'TES (3 _syl_.). In a trial of skill, Acestes, the Sicilian,
+discharged his arrow with such force that it took fire from the
+friction of the air.--_The Æneid_, Bk. V.
+
+  Like Acestes' shaft of old,
+  The swift thought kindles as it flies.
+
+Longfellow, _To a Child_.
+
+ACHATES [_A-ka'-teze_], called by Virgil "fidus Achates." The name has
+become a synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but is generally used
+laughingly.--_The Æneid_.
+
+  He, like Achates, faithful to the tomb.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 159.
+
+ACHER'IA, the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of: milk.
+Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the
+milk; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says
+the fox, "Here is the bowl; one shall have the cream, and the other
+all the rest: choose, friend, which you like." The bear told the fox
+to take the cream, and thus bruin had only the mud.--_A Basque Tale_.
+
+A similar tale occurs in Campbell's _Popular Tales of the West
+Highlands_ (iii. 98), called "The Keg of Butter." The wolf chooses the
+_bottom_ when "oats" were the object of choice, and the _top_ when
+"potatoes" were the sowing.
+
+Rabelais tells the same tale about a farmer and the devil. Each was
+to have on alternate years what grew _under_ and _over_ the soil. The
+farmer sowed turnips and carrots when the _under_-soil produce came
+to his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the _over_-soil
+produce.
+
+ACHILLE GRANDISSIME, "A rather poor specimen of the Grandissime type,
+deficient in stature, but not in stage manner."--_The Grandissimes_,
+by George W. Cable (1880).
+
+ACHIL'LES (3 _syl_.), the hero of the allied Greek army in the siege
+of Troy, and king of the Myr'midons.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable_.
+
+_The English Achilles_, John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury
+(1373-1453).
+
+The duke of Wellington is so called sometimes, and is represented by
+a statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to
+Apsley House (1769-1852).
+
+_The Achilles of Germany_, Albert, elector of Brandenburg (1414-1486).
+
+_Achilles of Rome_, Sicin'ius Denta'tus (put to death B.C. 450).
+
+ACHIT'OPHEL, "Him who drew Achitophel," Dryden, author of the famous
+political satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_. "David" is Charles II.;
+his rebellious son "Absalom" is the king's natural son, the handsome
+but rebellious James duke of Monmouth; and "Achitophel," the
+traitorous counsellor, is the earl of Shaftesbury, "for close designs
+and crooked counsels fit."
+
+  Can sneer at him who drew Achitophel.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 100.
+
+There is a portrait of the first earl of Shaftesbury (Dryden's
+"Achitophel") as lord chancellor of England, clad in ash-colored
+robes, because he had never been called to the bar.--E. Yates,
+_Celebrities_, xviii.
+
+A'CIS, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nymph Galate'a. The monster
+Polypheme (3 _syl_.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and crushed him under
+a huge rock. The blood of Acis was changed into a river of the same
+name at the foot of mount Etna.
+
+Not such a pipe, good reader, as that which Acis did sweetly tune in
+praise of his Galatea, but one of true Delft manufacture.--W. Irving
+(1783-1859).
+
+ACK'LAND (_Sir Thomas_), a royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time,
+the Commonwealth).
+
+AC'OE (3 _syl_.), "hearing," in the New Testament sense (_Rom_. x.
+17), "Faith cometh by hearing." The nurse of Fido [_faith_]. Her
+daughter is Meditation. (Greek,[Illustration], "hearing.")
+
+  With him [_Faith_] his nurse went, careful Acoë,
+  Whose hands first from his mother's womb
+  did take him,
+  And ever since have fostered tenderly.
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633).
+
+ACRAS'IA, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an enchantress
+living in the "Bower of Bliss," in "Wandering Island." She had the
+power of transforming her lovers into monstrous shapes; but sir Guyon
+(_temperance_), having caught her in a net and bound her, broke down
+her bower and burnt it to ashes.--_Faëry Queen_, ii. 12 (1590).
+
+ACRA'TES (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Purple Island_,
+by Phineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz., Methos
+(_drunkenness_) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii.
+(Greek, _akrates_, "incontinent.")
+
+_Acra'tes_ (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Faëry Queen_,
+by Spenser. He is the father of Cymoch'lês and Pyroch'lês.--Bk. ii. 4
+(1590).
+
+ACRES (_Bob_), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley,
+_alias_ captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish,
+the heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gets himself up as a
+loud swell, and uses "sentimental oaths," _i. e_. oaths bearing on
+the subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, _ods triggers and
+flints_; if clothes, _ods frogs and tambours_; if music, _ods minnums_
+[minims] _and crotchets_; if ladies, _ods blushes and blooms_. This
+he learnt from a militia officer, who told him the ancients swore by
+Jove, Bacchus, Mars, Venus, Minerva, etc., according to the sentiment.
+Bob Acres is a great blusterer, and talks big of his daring, but when
+put to the push "his courage always oozed out of his fingers' ends."
+J. Quick was the original Bob Acres.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).
+
+  As thro' his palms _Bob Acres_' valor oozed,
+  So Juan's virtue ebbed, I know not how.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_.
+
+Joseph Jefferson's impersonation of Bob Acres is inimitable for
+fidelity to the spirit of the original, and informed throughout with
+exquisite humor that never degenerates into coarseness.
+
+ACRIS'IUS, father of Dan'aê. An oracle declared that Danaê would give
+birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisius kept his daughter shut
+up in an apartment under ground, or (as some say) in a brazen tower.
+Here she became the mother of Per'seus (2 _syl_.), by Jupiter in the
+form of a shower of gold. The king of Argos now ordered his daughter
+and her infant to be put into a chest, and cast adrift on the sea,
+but they were rescued by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood,
+Perseus accidentally struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, and the
+blow caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in _The Earthly
+Paradise_ (April).
+
+ACTAE'ON, a hunter, changed by Diana into a stag. A synonym for a
+cuckold.
+
+  Divulge Page himself for a secure and wilful
+  Actæon [cuckold].
+
+Shakespeare, _Merry Wives_, etc., act iii. sc. 2 (1596).
+
+ACTE'A, a female slave faithful to Nero in his fall. It was this
+hetæra who wrapped the dead body in cerements, and saw it decently
+interred.
+
+  This Actea was beautiful. She was seated on
+  the ground; the head of Nero was on her lap,
+  his naked body was stretched on those winding-sheets
+  in which she was about to fold him, to lay
+  him in his grave upon the garden hill.--Ouida,
+  _Ariadnê_, i. 7.
+
+ACTORS AND ACTRESSES. The last male actor that took a woman's
+character on the stage was Edward Kynaston, noted for his beauty
+(1619-1687). The first female actor for hire was Mrs. Saunderson,
+afterwards Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712.
+
+AD, AD'ITES (2 _syl_.). Ad is a tribe descended from Ad, son of Uz,
+son of Irem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Confusion
+of Babel, went and settled on Al-Ahkâf [_the Winding Sands_], in the
+province of Hadramant. Shedâd was their first king, but in consequence
+of his pride, both he and all the tribe perished, either from drought
+or the Sarsar (_an icy wind_).--Sale's _Koran_, 1.
+
+  Woe, woe, to Irem! Woe to Ad!
+  Death, has gone up into her palaces!....
+  They fell around me. Thousands fell around.
+  The king and all his people fell;
+  All, all, they perished all.
+
+  Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, i. 41, 45 (1797).
+
+A'DAH, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer through
+the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and child,
+where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and fervent
+in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal affection.
+She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain--
+
+  How lovely he appears! His little cheeks
+  In their pure incarnation, vying with
+  The rose leaves strewn beneath them.
+  And his lips, too,
+  How beautifully parted! No; you shall not
+  Kiss him; at least not now. He will awake soon--
+  His hour of midday rest is nearly over.
+
+  Byron, _Cain_.
+
+ADAM. In _Greek_ this word is compounded of the four initial letters
+of the cardinal quarters:
+
+  Arktos, [Greek: _arktos_]. north.
+  Dusis, [Greek: _dusis_]. west.
+  Anatolê, [Greek: _anatolae_]. east.
+  Mesembria, [Greek: _mesaembria_]. south.
+
+The _Hebrew_ word ADM forms the anagram of A [dam], D [avid], M
+[essiah].
+
+_Adam, how made_. God created the body of Adam of _Salzal_, _i.e._
+dry, unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soul. The clay
+was collected by Azrael from the four quarters of the earth, and God,
+to show His approval of Azrael's choice, constituted him the angel of
+death.--Rabadan.
+
+_Adam, Eve, and the Serpent_. After the fall _Adam_ was placed on
+mount Vassem in the east; _Eve_ was banished to Djidda (now Gedda,
+on the Arabian coast); and the _Serpent_ was exiled to the coast of
+Eblehh.
+
+After the lapse of 100 years Adam rejoined Eve on mount Arafaith
+[_place of Remembrance_], near Mecca.--D'Ohsson.
+
+_Death of Adam_. Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930
+years. Michael swathed his body, and Gabriel discharged the funeral
+rites. The body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz [_the grotto of treasure_],
+which overlooks Mecca.
+
+His descendants at death amounted to 40,000 souls.--D'Ohsson.
+
+When Noah, entered the ark (the same writer says) he took the body of
+Adam in a coffin with him, and when he left the ark restored it to the
+place he had taken it from.
+
+_Adam_, a bailiff, a jailer.
+
+Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the
+prison.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_, act iv. sc. 3 (1593).
+
+_Adam_, a faithful retainer in the family of sir Eowland de Boys. At
+the age of fourscore, he voluntarily accompanied his young master
+Orlando into exile, and offered to give him his little savings.
+He has given birth to the phrase, "A Faithful Adam" [_or
+man-servant_].--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598).
+
+ADAM BELL, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like
+those of Clym of the Clough, William of Cloudesly, Robin Hood, and
+Little John, is synonymous with a good archer.
+
+ADAMASTOR, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly
+pallor; "erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black,
+his teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by
+lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors
+trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to
+trespass "where never hero braved his rage before?" He then told them
+"that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their
+foolhardiness."--Camöens, _The Lusiad_, v. (1569).
+
+ADAM'IDA, a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints,
+martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered
+at the crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the
+earth, so as to produce a total eclipse.
+
+Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming
+storms, rushing clouds, falling mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel
+stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contemplation on
+Golgotha, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region
+of the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and advancing before the
+sun, covered its face and intercepted all its rays.--Klopstock, _The
+Messiah_, viii. (1771).
+
+ADAMS _(John)_, one of the mutineers of the _Bounty_ (1790), who
+settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a
+colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to
+morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the protection
+of the British Government.
+
+_Adams (Parson)_, the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but
+eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving integrity, solid learning,
+and genuine piety; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as
+a girl in all personal matters; wholly ignorant of the world, being
+"_in_ it but not _of_ of it."--Fielding, _Joseph Andrews_ (1742).
+
+His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind are so
+admirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of
+athletic ... exercise ... that he may be safely termed one of the
+richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like Don Quixote, parson
+Adams is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel
+lights upon his shoulders ... without the slightest stain to his
+reputation.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+AD'DISON OF THE NORTH, Henry Mackenzie, author of _The Man of Feeling_
+(1745-1831).
+
+ADELAIDE, daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore.
+She is killed by her father in mistake for another.--Robt. Jephson,
+_Count of Narbonne_ (1782).
+
+ADELAIDE FISHER, daughter-in-law of Grandpa and Grandma Fisher in
+Sallie Pratt McLean Greene's _Cape Cod Folks_. She has a sweet voice
+and an edged temper, and it would seem from certain cynical remarks
+of her own, and Grandma's "Thar, daughter, I wouldn't mind!" has a
+history she does not care to reveal (1881).
+
+ADELAIDE YATES, the wife of Steve Yates and mother of Little Moses in
+Charles Egbert Craddock's _In the "Stranger People's" Country_. Her
+husband has been seized and detained by the "moonshiners" in the
+mountains, and the impression is that he has wilfully deserted her.
+She cannot discredit it, but "She's goin' ter stay thar in her cabin
+an' wait fur him," said Mrs. Pettengill. "Sorter seems de-stressin',
+I do declar'. A purty, young, good, r'ligious 'oman a-settin' herself
+ter spen' a empty life a-waitin' fur Steve Yates ter kum back!"
+(1890.)
+
+ADELINE _(Lady)_, the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 _syl_.), a
+highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses
+of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair
+filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of
+Fitz-Fulke, the duke of D----, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian
+envoy." The tale not being finished, no key to these names is given.
+(For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii.
+to the end.
+
+AD'EMAR or ADEMA'RO, archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical warrior
+in Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable_.
+
+ADIC'IA, wife of the soldan, who incites him to distress the kingdom
+of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to negotiate
+peace, Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her Samient
+out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir Artegal
+comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of them
+from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the
+discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab
+Samient, but, being intercepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a
+tigress.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 8 (1596).
+
+[Illustration] The "soldan" is king Philip II. of Spain; "Mercilla" is
+queen Elizabeth; "Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of
+popery; and "Samient" the ambassadors of Holland, who went to Philip
+for redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him
+as prisoners.
+
+AD'ICUS, Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of _The Purple
+Island_ (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters,
+viz., Ec'thros _(hatred)_, Eris _(variance)_, a daughter, Zelos
+_(emulation)_, Thumos _(wrath)_, Erith'ius _(strife)_, Dichos'tasis
+_(sedition)_, Envy, and Phon'os _(murder)_; all fully described by the
+poet. (Greek, _adikos_, "an unjust man.")
+
+ADIE OF AIKENSHAW, a neighbor of the Glendinnings.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+ADME'TUS, a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being
+condemned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a
+Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell has a poem on
+the subject, called _The Shepherd of King Admetus_ (1819-1891).
+
+AD'MIRABLE _(The)_: (1) Aben-Ezra, a Spanish rabbin, born at
+Tole'do (1119-1174). (2) James Crichton _(Kry-ton)_, the Scotchman
+(1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called "The Admirable Doctor"
+(1214-1292).
+
+ADOLF, bishop of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 1112. (See
+HATTO.)
+
+AD'ONA, a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the "first martyr of
+the twelve."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+ADONAI, the mysterious spirit of pure mind, love, and beauty that
+inspires _Zanoni_, in Bulwer's novel of that name.
+
+ADONAIS, title of Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy upon John Keats,
+written in 1821.
+
+A'DONBEC EL HAKIM, the physician, a disguise assumed by Saladin, who
+visits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ADO'NIS, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who
+quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the
+dispute, decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in
+the upper world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored
+to death by a wild boar in a hunt.
+
+Shakespeare has a poem called _Venus and Adonis_. Shelley calls his
+elegy on the poet Keats _Adona'is_, under the idea that the untimely
+death of Keats resembled that of Adonis.
+
+(_Adonis_ is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the
+horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, and so
+is Osiris).
+
+ADONIRAM PENN, the obstinate and well-to-do farmer in Mary E.
+Wilkins's _Revolt of "Mother_". He persists in building a new barn
+which the cattle do not need instead of the much-needed dwelling for
+his family. In his absence, "Mother," who was wont to "stand before
+her husband in the humble fashion of a Scripture woman," moves
+household and furniture into the commodious barn.
+
+"Adoniram was like a fortress whose walls had no active resistance,
+and went down the instant the right besieging tools were used" (1890).
+
+AD'ORAM, a seraph, who had charge of James the son of
+Alphe'us.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+ADOSINDA, daughter of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The
+Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved
+her alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent
+without the least resistance, but implored the captain to give her one
+night to mourn the death of those so near and dear to her. To this he
+complied, but during sleep she murdered him with his own scymitar.
+Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of
+her house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance.
+In the great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who
+gave the word of attack, "Victory and Vengeance!"--Southey, _Roderick,
+etc._, iii. (1814).
+
+ADRAM'ELECH _(ch=k)_, one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him
+overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (_Paradise Lost_, vi. 365). According
+to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser
+introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means "the mighty
+magnificent king."]
+
+The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech.--2
+_Kings_ xvii. 31.
+
+Klopstock introduces him into _The Messiah_, and represents him as
+surpassing Satan in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is
+made to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and
+whom he hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude
+he might become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the
+crucifixion he and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the
+angel of death.
+
+ADRASTE' (_2 syl_.), a French gentleman, who inveigles a Greek slave
+named Isidore from don Pèdre. His plan is this: He gets introduced as
+a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love, and obtains
+her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaïde (_2
+syl_.) to don Pèdre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and Pèdre
+promises to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands
+that Zaïde be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. Pèdre
+intercedes; Adraste seems to relent; and Pèdre calls for Zaïde. Out
+comes Isidore instead, with Zaïde's veil. "There," says Pèdre, "take
+her and use her well." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads
+off the Greek slave.--Molière, _Le Sicilien, ou L'Amour Peintre_
+(1667).
+
+ADRIAN'A, a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus,
+twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess Aemilia is her
+mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her
+husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it
+is not from want of remonstrance, "for it is the one subject of our
+conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speaking of it; at
+table I will not let him eat for speaking of it; when alone with him I
+talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of
+it. In a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love
+another better than he loves his wife" (act v. sc. 1).--Shakespeare,
+_Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+ADRIA'NO DE ARMA'DO _(Don)_, a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a
+military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 _syl_.) was in
+war. Boastful but poor; a coiner of words, but very ignorant; solemnly
+grave, but ridiculously awkward; majestical in gait, but of very low
+propensities.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour Lost_ (1594).
+
+(Said to be designed for John Florio, surnamed "The Resolute," a
+philologist. Holofernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play,
+is also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.)
+
+  You may remember, scarce five years are past
+  Since in your brigantine you sailed to see
+  The Adriatic wedded to our duke.
+
+T. Otway, _Venice Preserved_, i. 1 (1682).
+
+AD'RIEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, the earl of Mulgrave, a
+royalist.
+
+  Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend;
+  Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate
+  True to his prince, but not a slave to state;
+  Whom David's love with honours did adorn,
+  That from his disobedient son were torn.
+
+Part i.
+
+(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649-1721) wrote an _Essay on
+Poetry_.)
+
+ADRIENNE LECOUVREUR, French actress, said to have been poisoned by
+flowers sent to her by a rival. Died in 1730.
+
+AE'ACUS, king of Oeno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that he
+was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were
+Minos and Rhadaman'thus.
+
+AEGE'ON a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his
+brothers, Cottus and Gygês, conquered the Titans by hurling at them
+300 rocks at once. Homer says _men_ call him "Aege'on," but by the
+_gods_ he is called Bri'areus (3 _syl_.).
+
+  Briáreos or Typhon, whom the den
+  By ancient Tarsus held.
+
+--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, I. 199.
+
+_Aege'on_, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_
+(1593).
+
+AEMYLIA, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'yas, a squire of
+inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting-place, she was
+caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future
+food. Belphoebê (3 _syl_.) slew "the caitiff" and released the maid
+(canto vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amyas
+from the durance of Paea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the
+lovers together "in peace and joyous blis" (canto ix.).--Spencer,
+_Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+AEMIL'IA, wife of Aege'on the Syracusian merchant, and mother of the
+twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was
+parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and
+rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also
+settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest
+citizens. The other son and her husband Ægeon both set foot in Ephesus
+the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together
+in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they
+became again united to each other.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_
+(1593).
+
+AENE'AS, a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called _Aeneid._
+He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was Creu'sa (3
+_syl_.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius; his second wife
+was Lavinia, daughter of Latinus king of Italy, by whom he had a
+posthumous son called Aene'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law
+in the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder.
+
+According to Geoffrey of Monmouth "Brutus," the first king of Britain
+(from whom the island was called _Britain_), was a descendant of
+Æneas.
+
+AENE'ID, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was taken
+by the Greeks and set on fire, Aene'as, with his father, son, and
+wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original
+birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died
+on the way; but after numerous perils by sea and land, Æneas and his
+son Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latïnus, the reigning king, received
+the exiles hospitably, and promised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage
+to Æneas; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince
+Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Turnus would not forego
+his claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle
+the dispute by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, Æneas married
+Lavinia, and ere long succeeded his father-in-law on the throne.
+
+Book I. The escape from Troy; Æneas and his son, driven by a tempest
+on the shores of Carthage, are hospitably entertained by queen Dido.
+
+II. Æneas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of
+Troy, and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost
+and died.
+
+III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and
+the death of his father.
+
+IV. Dido falls in love with Æneas; but he steals away from Carthage,
+and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life.
+
+V. Æneas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of
+Anchises. This book corresponds to the _Iliad_, xxiii.
+
+VI. Æneas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to
+_Odyssey_, xi.
+
+VII. Latinus king of Italy entertains Æneas, and promises to him
+Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Turnus had been already
+betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist Æneas.
+
+VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war.
+
+IX. Turnus, during the absence of Æneas, fires the ships and assaults
+the camp. The episode of Nisus and Eury'alus.
+
+X. The war between Turnus and Æneas. Episode of Mezentius and Lausus.
+
+XI. The battle continued.
+
+XII. Turnus challenges Æneas to single combat, and is killed.
+
+N.B.--1. The story of Sinon and taking of Troy is borrowed from
+Pisander, as Macrobius informs us.
+
+2. The loves of Dido and Æneas are copied from those of Medea and
+Jason, in Apollonius.
+
+3. The story of the wooden horse and the burning of Troy are from
+Arcti'nus of Miletus.
+
+AE'OLUS, god of the winds, which he keeps imprisoned in a cave in
+the Æolian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods
+command.
+
+  Was I for this nigh wrecked upon the sea,
+  And twice by awkward wind from England's bank
+  Drove back again unto my native clime?...
+  Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer,
+  But left that hateful office unto thee.
+
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act v, sc. 2 (1591).
+
+AESCULA'PIUS, in Greek, ASKLE'PIOS, the god of healing.
+
+  What says my Æsculapius? my Galen?...
+  Ha! is he dead?
+
+  Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii.
+  sc. 3 (1601).
+
+AE'SON, the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who
+infused into his veins the juice of certain herbs.
+
+  In such a night,
+  Medea gather'd the enchanted herbs
+  That did renew old Aeson.
+  Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_, act v. sc. I
+  (before 1598).
+
+ÆSOP, the fabulist, said to be humpbacked; hence, "an Æsop" means a
+humpbacked man. The young son of Henry VI. calls his uncle Richard of
+Gloster "Æsop."--3 _Henry VI_. act v. sc. 5.
+
+_Aesop of Arabia_, Lokman; and Nasser (fifth century).
+
+_Aesop of England_, John Gay (1688-1732).
+
+_Aesop of France_, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695).
+
+_Aesop of Germany_, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).
+
+_Aesop of India_, Bidpay or Pilpay (third century B.C.).
+
+AFER, the south-west wind; Notus, the full south.
+
+Notus and Afer, black with thundrous clouds. Milton, _Paradise Lost_,
+x. 702 (1665).
+
+AFRICAN MAGICIAN (_The_), pretended to Aladdin to be his uncle, and
+sent the lad to fetch the "wonderful lamp" from an underground cavern.
+As Aladdin refused to hand it to the magician, he shut him in the
+cavern and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of
+a magic ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely
+rich, built a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter.
+Several years after, the African resolved to make himself master of
+the lamp, and accordingly walked up and down before the palace, crying
+incessantly, "Who will change old lamps for new!" Aladdin being on a
+hunting excursion, his wife sent a eunuch to exchange the "wonderful
+lamp" for a new one; and forthwith the magician commanded "the slaves
+of the lamp" to transport the palace and all it contained into Africa.
+Aladdin caused him to be poisoned in a draught of wine.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp").
+
+AF'RIT OR AFREET, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and
+cruel of all the orders of the deevs.--_Herbelot_, 66.
+
+  From the hundred chimneys of the village,
+  Like the Afreet in the Arabian story [_Introduct.
+  Tale_],
+
+  Smoky columns tower aloft into the air of amber.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_.
+
+AGAG, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achit'ophel_, is sir
+Edmondbury Godfrey, the magistrate, who was found murdered in a ditch
+near Primrose Hill. Dr. Oates, in the same satire, is called "Corah."
+
+  Corah might for Agag's murder call,
+  In terms as coarse as Samuel used to Saul.
+
+Part i.
+
+AGAMEMNON, king of the Argives and commander-in-chief of the allied
+Greeks in the siege of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his _Troilus
+and Cres'sida_.
+
+_Vixere fortes ante Agamem'nona_, "There were brave men before
+Agamemnon;" we are not to suppose that there were no great and good
+men in former times. A similar proverb is, "There are hills beyond
+Pentland and fields beyond Forth."
+
+AGANDECCA, daughter of Starno king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_],
+promised in marriage to Fingal king of Morven [_north-west of
+Scotland_]. The maid told Fingal to beware of her father, who had set
+an ambush to kill him. Fingal, being thus forewarned, slew the men in
+ambush; and Starno, in rage, murdered his daughter, who was buried by
+Fingal in Ardven [_Argyll_].
+
+  The daughter of the snow overheard, and left
+  the hall of her secret sigh. She came in all her
+  beauty, like the moon from the cloud of the east.
+  Loveliness was around her as light. Her step
+  was like the music of songs. She saw the youth,
+  and loved him. He was the stolen sigh of her
+  soul. Her blue eyes rolled in secret on him, and
+  she blessed the chief of Morven.--_Ossian_ ("Fingal,"
+  iii.)
+
+AGANIP'PE (4 syl.), fountain of the Muses, at the foot of mount
+Helicon, in Boeo'tia.
+
+  From Helicon's harmonious springs
+  A thousand rills their mazy progress take.
+
+Gray, _Progress of Poetry_.
+
+AG'APE (3 syl.) the fay. She had three sons at a birth, Primond,
+Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the future lot of her
+sons, she went to the abyss of Demogorgon, to consult the "Three Fatal
+Sisters." Clotho showed her the threads, which "were thin as those
+spun by a spider." She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threads,
+but they said this could not be; they consented, however, to this
+agreement--
+
+  When ye shred with fatal knife
+  His line which is the eldest of the three,
+  Eftsoon his life may pass into the next:
+  And when the next shall likewise ended be,
+  That both their lives may likewise be annext
+  Unto the third, that his may so be trebly wext.
+
+  Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 2 (1590).
+
+AGAPI'DA _(Fray Antonio_), the imaginary chronicler of _The Conquest
+of Granada_, written by Washington Irving (1829).
+
+AGAST'YA (3 _syl._), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was walking
+one day with Vishnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who the pigmy
+was that strutted by his side. Vishnoo replied it was the patriarch
+Agastya, who was going to restore earth to its true balance. Ocean, in
+contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's face, and the sage, in revenge
+of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, leaving the bed quite
+dry.--Maurice.
+
+AG'ATHA, daughter of Cuno, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's opera
+of _Der Freischütz._--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable._
+
+AGATH'OCLES (4 _syl_.) tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a potter,
+and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army.
+He reduced all Sicily under his power. When he attacked the
+Carthaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel
+assured they must either conquer or die. Agathoclês died of poison
+administered by his grandson (B.C. 361-289).
+
+Voltaire has a tragedy called _Agathocle_, and Caroline Pichler has an
+excellent German novel entitled _Agathoclés_.
+
+AGATHON, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C. M. Wieland
+(1733-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though some
+prefer his _Don Sylvia de Rosalva_.
+
+AGDISTES, the name given by Spenser to our individual consciousness or
+self. Personified in the being who presided over the Acrasian "bowre
+of blis."
+
+  That is our selfe, whom though we do not see
+  Yet each doth in himselfe it well perceive to bee.
+
+  Therefore a God him sage Antiquity
+  Did wisely make, and good Agdistes call--
+
+  Spenser, _Faerie Queene_, ii. 12.
+
+AGDISTIS, a genius of human form, uniting the two senses and born of
+an accidental union between Jupiter and Tellus. The story of Agdistis
+and Atys is apparently a myth of the generative powers of nature.
+
+AGED (_The_), so Wemmick's father is called. He lived in "the castle
+at Walworth." Wemmick at "the castle" and Wemmick in business are two
+"different beings."
+
+  Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage,
+  in the midst of plots of garden, and the top of
+  it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted
+  with guns.... It was the smallest of houses,
+  with queer Gothic windows (by far the greater
+  part of them sham), and a Gothic door, almost
+  too small to get in at.... On Sundays he ran
+  up a real flag.... The bridge was a plank, and
+  it crossed a chasm about four feet wide and two
+  deep.... At nine o'clock every night "the gun
+  fired," the gun being mounted in a separate fortress
+  made of lattice-work. It was protected
+  from the weather by a tarpaulin ... umbrella.--
+  C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_, xxv. (1860).
+
+AG'ELASTES (_Michael_), the cynic philosopher.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+AGESILA'US (5 _syl_.). Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, king of
+Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to
+please and amuse his children.
+
+A'GIB (_King_), "The Third Calender" (_Arabian Nights'
+Entertainments_). He was wrecked on the loadstone mountain, which
+drew all the nails and iron bolts from his ship; but he overthrew
+the bronze statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the
+mischief. Agib visited the ten young men, each of whom had lost
+the right eye, and was carried by a roc to the palace of the forty
+princesses, with whom he tarried a year. The princesses were then
+obliged to leave for forty days, but entrusted him with the keys of
+the palace, with free permission to enter every room but one. On the
+fortieth day curiosity induced him to open this room, where he saw a
+horse, which he mounted, and was carried through the air to Bag dad.
+The horse then deposited him, and knocked out his right eye with a
+whisk of its tail, as it had done the ten "young men" above referred
+to.
+
+AGITATOR (_The Irish_), Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847).
+
+AGLAE, the unwedded sister in T. B. Aldrich's poem, _The Sisters'
+Tragedy_ (1891).
+
+  Two sisters loved one man. He being dead,
+  Grief loosed the lips of her he had not wed,
+  And all the passion that through heavy years,
+  Had masked in smiles, unmasked itself in tears.
+
+AGNEI'A (3 _syl_.), wifely chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden
+chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra'tês or temperance. Fully
+described in canto x. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher
+(1633). (Greek, _agneia_, "chastity.")
+
+AG'NES, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David
+Copperfield's second wife (after the death of Dora, "his child wife").
+Agnes is a very pure, self-sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet
+domestic.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+AGNES, in Molière's _L'École des Femmes_, the girl on whom Arnolphe
+tries his pet experiment of education, so as to turn out for himself
+a "model wife." She is brought up in a country convent, where she
+is kept in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional
+proprieties, the difference between the love of men and women, and
+that of girls for girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. When
+grown to womanhood she quits the convent, and standing one evening on
+a balcony a young man passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns
+the salute; he bows a second and third time, she does the same; he
+passes and repasses several times, bowing each time, and she does as
+she has been taught to do by acknowledging the salute. Of course,
+the young man (_Horace_) becomes her lover, whom she marries, and M.
+Arnolphe loses his "model wife." (See PINCH-WIFE.)
+
+_Elle fait l'Agnès._ She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and
+verdantly ingenuous.--_French Proverb_ (from the "Agnes" of Molière,
+_L'École des Femmes_, 1662).
+
+_Agnes_ (_Black_), the countess of March, noted for her defence of
+Dunbar against the English.
+
+_Black Agnes_, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her
+brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was
+countess of Moray (Murray) in her own right.
+
+_Agnes_ (_St._), a young virgin of Palermo, who at the age of thirteen
+was martyred at Rome during the Diocletian persecution of A.D. 304.
+Prudence (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the
+fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Domenichi'no
+have both made her the subject of a painting.--_The Martyrdom of St.
+Agnes_.
+
+_St. Agnes and the Devil_. St. Agnes, having escaped from the prison
+at Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil
+dogged her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor-stones between St.
+Piran and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark the places where the devils
+were turned into stone by the looks of the indignant saint.--Polwhele,
+_History of Cornwall_.
+
+_Agnes of Sorrento_, heroine of novel of same name, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. The scene of the story is laid in Sorrento, Italy.
+
+AGRAMAN'TE (4 _syl_.) or AG'RAMANT, king of the Moors, in _Orlando
+Innamorato_, by Bojardo, and _Orlando Furioso_, by Ariosto.
+
+AGRAWAIN (_Sir_) or SIR AGRAVAIN, surnamed "The Desirous," and also
+"The Haughty." He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Margawse
+half-sister of king Arthur. His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir
+Ga'heris, and sir Gareth. Mordred was his half-brother, being the son
+of king Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agravain and sir Mordred hated sir
+Launcelot, and told the king he was too familiar with the queen; so
+they asked the king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watch. The
+queen sent for sir Launcelot to her private chamber, and sir Agravain,
+sir Mordred, and twelve others assailed the door, but sir Launcelot
+slew them all except sir Mordred, who escaped.--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 142-145 (1470).
+
+AGRICA'NE (4 _syl._), king of Tartary, in the _Orlando Innamorato_, of
+Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the castle of Albracca, and is slain
+in single combat by Orlando. He brought into the field 2,200,000
+troops.
+
+  Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp,
+  When Agrican, with all his northern powers,
+  Besieged Albracca.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (338).
+
+AGRICOLA FUSILIER, a pompous old creole, a conserver of family
+traditions, and patriot who figures in George W. Cable's
+_Grandissimes_ (1880).
+
+  He seemed to fancy himself haranguing a
+  crowd; made another struggle for intelligence,
+  tried once, twice to speak, and the third time
+  succeeded: "Louis--_Louisian--a--for--ever!_"
+  and lay still. They put those two words on his
+  tomb.
+
+AG'RIOS, Lumpishness personified; a "sullen swain, all mirth that in
+himself and others hated; dull, dead, and leaden." Described in canto
+viii. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek,
+_agrios_; "a savage.")
+
+AGRIPPINA was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an emperor.
+She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of
+Caligula, and mother of Nero.
+
+[Illustration] Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daughter, wife, sister, and
+mother of a king.
+
+AGRIPY'NA or AG'RIPYNE (3 _syl._), a princess beloved by the "king
+of Cyprus'son, and madly loved by Orleans."--Thomas Dekker, _Old
+Fortunatus_ (a comedy, 1600).
+
+AGUE-CHEEK _(Sir Andrew_), a silly old fop with "3000 ducats a year,"
+very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that "beef had
+done harm to his wit." Sir Andrew thinks himself "old in nothing but
+in understanding," and boasts that he can cut a caper, dance the
+coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques, like a young
+man.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained "sir Andrew Ague-cheek" with
+infinite drollery, assisted by that expression of "rueful dismay,"
+which gave so peculiar a zest to his _Marplot_.--Boaden, _Life of
+Siddons_ Charles Lamb says that "Jem White saw James Dodd one evening
+in _Ague-cheek_, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took
+off his hat, and saluted him with 'Save you, sir Andrew!' Dodd simply
+waved his hand and exclaimed, 'Away, fool!'"
+
+A'HABACK AND DES'RA, two enchanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his
+rebellion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahu'bal had a
+magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the
+sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the
+sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's
+tent was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept
+therein, but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked
+him to cut a rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen
+on the enchanters and crushed them to a mummy. In fact, this stone
+formed the head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which
+the sultan had severed in the night.--James Ridley, _Tales of the
+Genii_ ("The Enchanters' Tale," vi.).
+
+AHASUE'RUS, the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to
+execution. He rested a moment or two at his door. "Get off! Away with
+you!" cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, "and that
+quickly; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Ahasuerus
+became the "wandering Jew," who still roams the earth, and will
+continue so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the
+legend given by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547).--Greve,
+_Memoir of Paul von Eitzen_ (1744).
+
+AHER'MAN AND AR'GEN, the former a fortress, and the latter a suite of
+immense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures
+of human intelligence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals
+that inhabited the earth before the present races existed.--W.
+Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+AH'MED _(Prince)_, noted for the tent given him by the fairy
+Pari-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so
+small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good
+fairy also gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all
+diseases.--_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_ ("Prince Ahmed, etc.").
+
+AHOLIBA'MAH, granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was loved
+by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to another
+planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_.
+
+  Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that
+  she worships the seraph, and declares that his
+  immortality can bestow no love more pure and
+  warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction
+  that there is a ray within her "which,
+  though forbidden yet to shine," is nevertheless
+  lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own.--Finden,
+  _Byron Beauties_.
+
+AH'RIMAN OR AHRIMA'NES (4 _syl_.), the angel of darkness and of evil
+in the Magian system, slain by Mithra.
+
+AIKWOOD (_Ringan_), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of
+Knockwinnock Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_.
+
+AIMEE, the prudent sister, familiarly known as "the wise one" in
+the Bohemian household described by Francis Hodgson Burnett in
+_Vagabondia_ (1889).
+
+AIM'WELL _(Thomas, viscount_), a gentleman of broken fortune, who pays
+his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Lady Bountiful. He is very
+handsome and fascinating, but quite "a man of the world." He and
+Archer are the two beaux of _The Beaux' Stratagem_, a comedy by George
+Farquhar (1705).
+
+I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only "mister" of
+the party, and I said to myself, as Gibbet said when he heard that
+"Aimwell" had gone to church, "That looks suspicions" (act ii. sc.
+2).--James Smith, _Memoirs, Letters, etc_. (1840).
+
+AIRCASTLE, in the _Cozeners_, by S. Foote. The original of this
+rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus
+burlesqued:
+
+_Aircastle_: "Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said? I
+remember, Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had-been brought to bed that
+day was a month of a very fine boy--a bad birth; for Dr. Seeton, who
+served his time with Luke Lancet, of Guise's.--There was also a talk
+about him and Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow,
+another apprentice, who had great expectations from an old uncle in
+the Grenadiers; but he left all to a distant relation, Kit Cable,
+a midshipman aboard the _Torbay_. She was lost coming home in the
+channel. The captain was taken up by a coaster from Eye, loaded with
+cheese--" [Now, pray, what did parson Prunello say? This is a pattern
+of Mrs. Nickleby's rambling gossip.]
+
+AIR'LIE (_The earl of_), a royalist in the service of king Charles
+I.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_.
+
+AIRY (_Sir George_), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the ward
+of sir Francis Gripe.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Busylody_ (1709).
+
+A'JAX, son of Oïleus [_O.i'.luce_], generally called "the less." In
+conseqnence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of
+Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea.--Homer,
+_Odyssey_, iv. 507; Virgil, _Æneid_, i. 41.
+
+A'JAX TEL'AMON. Sophoclês has a tragedy called _Ajax_, in which "the
+madman" scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with
+a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of
+Atreus, has been mentioned at greater or less length by several Greek
+and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is
+introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called _Troilus and Cressida._
+(See ALIFANFARON).
+
+  The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance
+  The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_];
+  And those more ancient [_Euripides_ and _Seneca_] do enhance
+  Alcidês in his fury [_Herculês Furens_];
+  And others, Ajax Telamon;--
+  But to this time there hath been none
+  So bedlam as our Oberon;
+  Of whom I dare assure you.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1536-1631).
+
+AJUT AND ANNINGAIT, in _The Rambler_.
+
+  Part, like Ajut, never to return.
+  Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+ALA'CIEL, the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands,
+Taciturnia and Merry land [_London_ and _Paris_].--De la Dixmerie
+_L'isle Taciturne et l'isle Enjouée, ou Voyage du Génie Alaciel dans
+les deux Iles_ (1759).
+
+ALADDIN, son of Mustafa, a poor tailor, of China, "obstinate,
+disobedent, and mischievous," wholly abandoned "to indolence and
+licentiousness." One day an African magician accosted him, pretending
+to be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the "wonderful lamp," at the
+same time giving him a "ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp,
+but would not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave,
+whereupon the magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for
+Africa. Aladdin, wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the
+magic ring, when the genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked
+him his commands. Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and
+he returned home. By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth,
+built a superb palace, and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's
+daughter. After a time, the African magician got possession of the
+lamp, and caused the palace, with all its contents, to be transported
+into Africa. Aladdin was absent at the time, was arrested and ordered
+to execution, but was rescued by the populace, with whom he was an
+immense favorite, and started to discover what had become of his
+palace. Happening to slip, he rubbed his ring, and when the genius of
+the ring appeared and asked his orders, was instantly posted to the
+place where his palace was in Africa. He poisoned the magician,
+regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to its original place
+in China.
+
+Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 12.
+
+_Aladdin's Lamp_, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in "the
+middle of China." Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began
+to scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp
+appeared, and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, "I
+am hungry; bring me food;" and immediately a banquet was set before
+him. Having thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he
+became enormously rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice
+the African magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the
+palace with its contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician,
+recovered the lamp, and retranslated the palace to its original site.
+
+_Aladdin's Palace Windows_. At the top of the palace was a saloon,
+containing tweny-four windows (six on each side), and all but one
+enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the
+sultan to complete, but all the jewellers in the empire were unable to
+make one to match the others, so Aladdin commanded "the slaves of the
+lamp" to complete their work.
+
+_Aladdin's Ring_, given him by the African magician, "a preservative
+against every evil."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin and the Wonderful
+Lamp").
+
+AL'ADINE, the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by
+Raymond.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+_Al'adine_ (3 _syl_.), son of Aldus, "a lusty knight."--Spenser,
+_Faëry Queen_, vi. 3 (1596).
+
+ALAFF, ANLAF, or OLAF, son of Sihtric, Danish king of Northumberland
+(died 927). When Aethelstan [_Athelstan_] took possession of
+Northumberland, Alaff fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or
+Godfrey to Scotland.
+
+  Our English Athelstan,
+  In the Northumbrian fields, with most victorious might,
+  Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight.
+
+Drayton, _Potyolbion_, xii. (1612).
+
+ALAIN, cousin of Eos, the artist's wife, in _Desert Sands_, by Harriet
+Prescott Spofford (1863).
+
+ALAR'CON, king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against
+the crusaders, but his men were only half armed.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALARIC COTTIN. Frederick the Great of Prussia was so called by
+Voltaire. "Alaric" because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and
+"Cottin" because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very
+indifferent poet.
+
+ALAS'CO, _alias_ DR. DEMETRIUS DOBOOBIE, an old astrologer, consulted
+by the earl of Leicester.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+ALAS'NAM (_Prince Zeyn_) possessed eight statues, each a single
+diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more
+valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beautiful and
+virtuous of women, "more precious than rubies," who became his wife.
+
+One pure and perfect _[woman]_ is ... like Alasnam's lady, worth them
+all.--Sir Walter Scott.
+
+_Alasnam's Mirror_. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue,
+the king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to
+look when he saw a beautiful girl; "if the glass remained pure and
+unsullied, the damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would
+not be wholly pure in body and in mind." This mirror was called "the
+touchstone of virtue."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam").
+
+ALAS'TOR, a surname of Zeus as "the Avenger." Or, in general, any
+deity or demon who avenges wrong done by man. Shelley wrote a poem,
+_Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude_.
+
+Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he might become the
+Alastor of Augustus, whom he hated.--Plutarch, _Cicero, etc._
+("Parallel Lives.")
+
+God Almighty mustered up an army of mice against the archbishop
+[_Hatto_], and sent them to persecute him as his furious
+Alastors.--Coryat, _Crudities_, 571.
+
+AL'BAN (_St._) of Ver'ulam, hid his confessor, St. Am'phibal, and
+changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was
+during the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of
+Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield.
+
+  Alban--our proto-martyr called.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. [1622].
+
+AL'BERICK OF MORTEMAR, the same as Theodorick the hermit of Engaddi,
+an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his life,
+and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the
+archduke of Austria.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Al' berick_, the squire of prince Richard, one of the sons of Henry
+II. of England.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+ALBERT, commander of the _Britannia_. Brave, liberal, and just,
+softened and refined by domestic ties and superior information. His
+ship was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most
+southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond
+(second in command) grasped one of his legs and could not be shaken
+off.
+
+  Though trained in boisterous elements, his mind
+  Was yet by soft humanity refined;
+  Each joy of wedded love at home he knew,
+  Abroad, confessed the father of his crew....
+
+  His genius, ever for th' event prepared,
+  Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared.
+
+Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, i. 2 (1756).
+
+_Albert_, father of Gertrude, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (called
+by Campbell Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a
+mixed force of British and Indian troops, led by one Brandt, who made
+an attack on the settlement, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set
+fire to the fort, and destroyed all the houses.--Campbell, _Gertrude
+of Wyoming_ (1809).
+
+_Albert_, in Goethe's romance called _The Sorrows of Werther_, is
+meant for his friend Kestner. He is a young German farmer, who married
+Charlotte Buff (called "Lotte" in the novel), with whom Goethe was in
+love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (_q. v._).
+
+ALBERT OF GEI'ERSTEIN (_Count_), brother of Arnold Biederman, and
+president of the "Secret Tribunal." He sometimes appears as a
+"black priest of St. Paul's," and sometimes as the "monk of St.
+Victoire."--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ALBERTAZ'ZO married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His
+sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs the Royal Family of
+England.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALBIA'ZAR, an Arab chief, who joins the Egyptian armament against the
+crusaders.
+
+A chief in rapine, not in knighthood bred. Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_, xvii. (1575).
+
+AL'BION. In legendary history this word is variously accounted for.
+One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first
+discoverer, who ruled over the island for forty-four years.
+
+Another derivation is Al'bia, eldest of the fifty daughters of
+Diocle'sian king of Syria. These fifty ladies all married on the same
+day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way of
+punishment, they were cast adrift in a ship, unmanned, but the wind
+drove the vessel to our coast, where these Syrian damsels disembarked.
+Here they lived the rest of their lives, and married with the
+aborigines, "a lawless crew of devils." Milton mentions this legend,
+and naïvely adds, "it is too absurd and unconscionably gross to be
+believed." Its resemblance to the fifty daughters of Dan'aos is
+palpable.
+
+Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, says that Albion came from Rome, was
+"the first martyr of the land," and dying for the faith's sake, left
+his name to the country, where Offa subsequently reared to him "a rich
+and sumptuous shrine, with a monastery attached."--Song xvi.
+
+_Albion_, king of Briton, when O'beron held his court in what is now
+called "Kensington Gardens." T. Tickell has a poem upon this subject.
+
+_Albion wars with Jove's Son_. Albion, son of Neptune, wars with
+Her'culês, son of Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the share of his
+father's kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspired to dethrone
+his brother, but Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was
+discomfited.
+
+  Since Albion wielded arms against the son of
+  Jove.
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+ALBO'RAK, the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the
+seventh heaven. It had the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the
+wings of an eagle, and spoke with a human voice.
+
+ALBUMA'ZAR, Arabian astronomer (776-885).
+
+  Chaunteclere, our cocke, must tell what is o'clocke,
+  By the astrologye that he hath naturally
+  Conceyued and caught; for he was never taught
+  By Albumazar, the astronomer,
+  Nor by Ptholomy, prince of astronomy.
+  J. Skelton, _Philip Sparoiv_ (time, Henry VIII.).
+
+Alcestis or Alcestes, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus (_q. v_.)
+On his wedding-day Admetus neglected to offer sacrifice to Diana and
+was condemned to die, but Apollo induced the Fates to spare his life
+if he could find a voluntary substitute. His wife offered to give her
+life for his, and went away with death; but Hercules fought with Death
+and restored Alcestes to her husband. This story is the subject of a
+tragedy _Alcestes_, by Euripides. Milton alludes to the incident in
+one of his sonnets:
+
+  Methought I saw my late espoused saint
+  Brought to me like Alcestes from the grave.
+
+John Milton, Sonnet _On his deceased Wife_.
+
+William Morris has made Alcestes the subject of one of the tales in
+his _Earthly Paradise._
+
+A variation of the story is found in Longfellow's _The Golden Legend_,
+Henry of Hoheneck when dying was promised his life if a maiden could
+be found who would give up her life for his. Elsie, the daughter
+of Gottlieb, a tenant-farmer of the prince offered herself as a
+sacrifice, and followed her lord to Sorrento to give herself up to
+Lucifer; but Henry heard of it, and, moved by gratitude, saved Elsie
+and made her his wife.
+
+_Alceste_, the hero of Molière's comedy _Le Misanthrope_. He has a
+pure and noble mind that has been soured and disgusted by intercourse
+with the world. Courtesy he holds to be the vice of fops, and the
+manners of society mere hypocrisy. He courts Célmène, a coquette and
+her treatment of his love confirms his bad opinion of mankind.
+
+AL'CHEMIST (_The_), the last of the three great comedies of Ben Jonson
+(1610). The other two are _Vol'pone_ (2 _syl_.), (1605), and _The
+Silent Woman_ (1609). The object of _The Alchemist_ is to ridicule
+the belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The
+alchemist is "Subtle," a mere quack; and "sir Epicure Mammon" is
+the chief dupe, who supplies money, etc., for the "transmutation of
+metal." "Abel Drugger" a tobacconist, and "Dapper" a lawyer's
+clerk, are two other dupes. "Captain Face," _alias_ "Jeremy," the
+house-servant of "Lovewit," and "Dol Common" are his allies. The whole
+thing is blown up by the unexpected return of "Lovewit."
+
+ALCIB'ADES (5 _syl._), the Athenian general. Being banished by the
+senate, he marches against the city, and the senate, being unable to
+offer resistance, open the gates to him (B.C. 450-404). This incident
+is introduced by Shakespeare in _Timon of Athens_.
+
+ALCIBI'ADES' TABLES represented a god or goddess outwardly, and
+a Sile'nus, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a "curious
+dissertation on these tables" (_Adage_, 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence
+emblematic of falsehood and dissimulation.
+
+  Whose wants virtue is compared to these
+  False tables wrought by Alcibiades;
+  Which noted well of all were found t've bin
+  Most fair without, but most deformed within.
+
+Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, i. (1613).
+
+ALCI'DES, a name sometimes given to Hercules as the descendent of the
+hero Alcoeus through his son Amphitryon (_q. v._) The name is applied
+to any valiant hero.
+
+  The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance
+  The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_];
+  And those more ancient do enhance
+  Alcidês in his fury.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).
+
+  Where is the great Alcidês of the field,
+  Valiant lord Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury?
+
+Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI_. act. iv. sc. 7 (1589).
+
+ALCI'NA, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo's _Orlando
+Innamorato_ she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's
+_Orlando Furioso_ she is a kind of Circê, whose garden is a scene of
+enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts
+them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy
+dictates.
+
+AL'CIPHRON, or _The Minute Philosopher_, the title of a work by bishop
+Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a freethinker.
+The object of this work is to expose the weakness of infidelity.
+
+_Al'ciphron_, "the epicurean," the hero of T. Moore's romance entitled
+_The Epicurean_.
+
+  Like Aleiphron, we swing in air and darkness,
+  and know not whither the wind blows us.
+
+--_Putnam's Magazine._
+
+ALCME'NA (in Molière, _Alcmène_), the wife of Amphitryon, general
+of the Theban army. While her husband is absent warring against the
+Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon
+himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises between
+the false and true Amphitryon, which is augmented by Mercury, who
+personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphitryon. By this amour of Jupiter,
+Alcmena becomes the mother of Her'culês. Plautus, Molière, and Dryden
+have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled _Amphitryon_.
+
+ALCOFRI'BAS, the name by which Rabelais was called, after he came out
+of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll of
+every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave "the merry
+fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 32
+(1533).
+
+AL'COLOMB, "subduer of hearts," daughter of Abou Aibou of Damascus,
+and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, in a fit of
+jealousy, commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and
+sister to do penance for three days in Damascus, and then to be
+banished from Syria. The two ladies came to Bag dad, and were taken in
+by the charitable syndic of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the
+caliph was over he sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife,
+and her mother he married to his vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ganem,
+the Slave of Love ").
+
+ALCY'ON "the wofullest man alive," but once "the jolly shepherd swain
+that wont full merrily to pipe and dance," near where the Severn
+flows. One day he saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it followed
+him about like a dog; but a cruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By
+the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel
+satyr is death. He said he hated everything--the heaven, the earth,
+fire, air, and sea, the day, the night; he hated to speak, to hear, to
+taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel; he hated man and woman
+too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful
+shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur
+Gorges.--Spencer, _Daphnaida_ (in seven fyttes, 1590).
+
+  And there is that Alcyon bent to mourn,
+  Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty.
+  Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn
+  Sweet lays of love to endless plaints of pity.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+ALCY'ONE or HALCYONE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Aeolus, who, on hearing
+of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, and
+was changed to a kingfisher. (See HALCYON DAYS.)
+
+ALDABEL'LA, wife of Orlando, sister of Oliver, and daughter of
+Monodan'tês.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso, etc_. (1516).
+
+_Aldabella_, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and
+fascinating, but arrogant and heartless. She used to give
+entertainments to the magnates of Florence, and Fazio was one who
+spent most of his time in her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous
+of the marchioness, accused him to the duke of being privy to the
+death of Bartoldo, and for this offence Fazio was executed. Bianca
+died broken-hearted, and Aldabella was condemned to spend the rest of
+her life in a nunnery.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (a tragedy, 1815).
+
+ALDEN (_John_), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love with
+Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old soldier,
+wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead for him;
+but the maiden answered archly, "Why don't you speak for yourself,
+John!" Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a poisoned
+arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden consented. Standish,
+however, was not killed, but only wounded; he made his reappearance
+at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he accepted the
+situation with the good-natured remark:
+
+  If you would be served you must serve yourself;
+  and moreover
+  No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season
+  of Christmas.
+
+Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_ (1858).
+
+ALDIBORONTEPHOSCOPHORNIO _[Al'diboron'te-fos'co-for'nio]_, a character
+in _Chrononhotonthologos_, by H. Carey.
+
+(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Ballantyne, the printer, this
+nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.)
+
+AL'DIGER, son of Buo'vo, of the house of Clarmont, brother of
+Malagi'gi and Vivian.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AL'DINE (2 _syl_.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which
+joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of
+the Arabs, "Their accents were female and their stature diminutive"
+(xvii.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+AL'DINGAR _(Sir)_, steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He
+impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge
+by single combat; but an angel (in the shape of a little child)
+established the queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering
+version of the story of Gunhilda and the emperor Henry.--Percy,
+_Reliques_, ii. 9.
+
+ALDO, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his
+return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran. To resent this
+affront, he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora
+(in Scandinavia), and here Lorma, the king's wife, fell in love
+with him. The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately
+invaded. Aldo fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorma died of grief,
+and Erragon was slain in battle by Graul, son of Morni.--_Ossian_
+("The Battle of Lora").
+
+ALDRICK the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ALDROVAND _(Father)_, chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old Norman
+warrior.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+ALDUS, father of Al'adine (3 _syl_), the "lusty knight."--Spenser,
+_Faëry Queen_, vi. 3 (1596).
+
+ALEA, a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy; at least so
+Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the invention to Palamëdês.
+
+Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a Graecis, in otio Trojani belli, a
+quodam milite, nomine ALEA, a quo et ars nomen accepit.--Isidorus,
+_Orig_. xviii. 57.
+
+ALEC'TRYON, a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he
+fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others'
+embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock.
+
+  And from out the neighboring farmyard
+  Loud the cock Alectryon crowed.
+  Longfellow, _Pegasus in Pound_.
+
+ALEC YEATON, the Gloucester skipper in T. B. Aldrich's ballad, _Alec
+Yeaton's Son_.
+
+  The wind it wailed, the wind it moaned,
+  And the white caps flecked the sea;
+  "An' I would to God," the skipper groaned,
+  "I had not my boy with me!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Long did they marvel in the town
+  At God His strange decree;
+  That let the stalwart skipper drown,
+  And the little child go free. (1890.)
+
+ALE'RIA, one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives of
+Guido the Savage.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALESSANDRO, husband of the Indian girl Ramona, in Helen Hunt Jackson's
+novel _Ramona_. The story of the young couple is a series of
+oppressions and deceits practised by U. S. officials (1884). ALESSIO,
+the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage, when Elvi'no
+promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of pique, because
+he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he discovered his
+error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to marry Alessio,
+with whom she had been previously cohabiting.--Bellini's opera, _La
+Sonnamlula_ (1831).
+
+ALE'THES (3 _syl_.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine
+(3 _syl_.); subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALEXANDER PATOFF, brother of the young Russian who figures most
+prominently in F. Marion Crawford's novel _Paul Patoff_. Alexander's
+mysterious disappearance in a mosque leads to suspicions involving
+his brother, even the mother of the two brothers accusing Paul of
+fratricide (1887).
+
+ALEX. WALTON, physician and suitor of Margaret Kent in _The Story of
+Margaret Kent_, by Henry Hayes (Ellen Olney Kirke) (1886).
+
+ALEXANDER THE GREAT, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French we
+have a novel called _Roman d'Alexandre_, by Lambert-li-cors (twelfth
+century), and a tragedy by Racine (1665).
+
+_Alexander an Athlete_. Alexander, being asked if he would run a
+course at the Olympic games, replied, "Yes, if my competitors are all
+kings."
+
+_The Albanian Alexander_, George Castriot _(Scanderbeg_ or _Iscander
+beg_, 1404-1467).
+
+_The Persian Alexander_, Sandjar (1117-1158).
+
+_Alexander of the North_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718).
+
+_Alexander deformed_.
+
+  Ammon's great son one shoulder had too high.
+
+Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 117.
+
+_Alexander and Homer_. When Alexander invaded Asia Minor, he offered
+up sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles.
+Here he exclaimed, "O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy
+deeds!"
+
+Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry,
+
+  "O fortunate young man! whose virtue found
+  So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound."
+
+Spenser, _The Ruins of Time_ (1591).
+
+_Alexander and Parme'nio._ When Darius, king of Persia, offered
+Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000
+talents of gold, Parmenio said, "I would accept the offer, if I
+were Alexander." To this Alexander rejoined, "So would I, if I were
+Parmenio."
+
+On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish
+in his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, "I consider not what
+Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give."
+
+_Alexander and Perdiccas_. When Alexander started for Asia he divided
+his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had
+left for himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for
+Alexander," replied the friend, "it is enough for Perdiccas also;" and
+declined to accept anything.
+
+_Alexander and Raphael_. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave
+in the mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of,
+replied, "The water of immortality." Whereupon Raphael gave him a
+stone, and told him when he found another of the same weight he would
+gain his wish. "And how long," said Alexander, "have I to live?" The
+angel replied, "Till the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee
+are of iron." Alexander now went forth and found a stone almost of the
+weight required, and in order to complete the balance, added a little
+earth; falling from his horse at Ghur he was laid in his armor on the
+ground, and his shield was set up over him to ward off the sun. Then
+understood he that he would gain immortality when, like the stone, he
+was buried in the earth, and that his hour was come, for the earth
+beneath him was iron, and his iron buckler was his vault of heaven
+above. So he died.
+
+_Alexander and the Robber_. When Dion'idês, a pirate, was brought
+before Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand! How dare you infest
+the seas with your misdeeds?" "And you," replied the pirate, "by what
+right do you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I
+am called a brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a
+conqueror." Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to
+be set at liberty.
+
+_Alexander's Beard_, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said
+that Alexander the Great had scarcely any beard at all.
+
+  Disgracèd yet with Alexander's bearde.
+
+G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).
+
+_Alexander's Runner_, Ladas.
+
+ALEXAN'DRA, daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of
+the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the
+Amazons was called Alexandra.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALEX'IS, the wanton shepherd in _The Faithful Shepherdess_, a pastoral
+drama by John Fletcher (1610).
+
+ALFA'DER, the father of all the Asen _(deities)_ of Scandinavia,
+creator and governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc.
+
+ALFONSO, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara, Tasso the
+poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for
+seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expiration of that
+period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago,
+duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his _Childe Harold_, iv. 36.
+
+_Alfonso XI_ of Castile, whose "favorite" was Leonora de
+Guzman.--Donizetti, _La Favorita_ (an opera, 1842).
+
+_Alfon'so (Don)_, of Seville, a man of fifty and husband of donna
+Julia (twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without
+cause.--Byron, _Don Juan_, i.
+
+_Alfon'so_, in Walpole's tale called _The Castle of Otranto_, appears
+as an apparition in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769).
+
+ALFRED AS A GLEEMAN. Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the
+Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the
+Danish camp for several days, amusing the soldiers with his harping
+and singing. After he had made himself master of all he required,
+he returned back to his own place.--William of Malmesbury (twelfth
+century).
+
+William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king,
+who, he says, just before the battle of Brunanburh, in Northumberland,
+entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so
+pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not
+keep the gold, but buried it in the earth.
+
+ALGARSIFE (3 _syl_.), and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of
+Tartary, and Elfêta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora.
+
+  I speak of Algarsife,
+  How that he won Theodora to his wife.
+
+Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_ AL'GEBAR' ("_the giant_"). So the
+Arabians call the constellation Orion.
+
+  Begirt with many a blazing star,
+  Stood the great giant Algebar--
+  Orion, hunter of the beast.
+  Longfellow, _The Occultation of Orion_.
+
+AL'I, cousin and son-in-law of Mahomet. The beauty of his eyes is
+proverbial in Persia. _Ayn Hali_ ("eyes of Ali") is the highest
+compliment a Persian can pay to beauty.--Chardin.
+
+ALI BABA, a poor Persian wood-carrier, who accidentally learns the
+magic words, "Open Sesamê!" "Shut Sesamê!" by which he gains entrance
+into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of
+forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores;
+and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain
+and his whole band of thieves are extirpated. In reward of these
+services, Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his
+own son.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves").
+
+AL'ICE (2 _syl_.), sister of Valentine, in _Mons. Thomas_, a comedy by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
+
+_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of
+Rambaldo, the Norman troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of _Roberto
+il Diavolo_. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his
+mother's "will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a
+virtuous man. She is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the
+fiend, claims his soul as the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by
+reading the will, reclaims him.
+
+_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), the servant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the
+innkeeper at Altringham.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+_Al'ice_, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in
+later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a
+dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into
+manhood. (See ROSE.)--Tennyson, _The Miller's Daughter_.
+
+_Al'ice (The Lady_), widow of Walter, knight of Avenel (2 _syl_).--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Al'ice_ [GRAY], called "Old Alice Gray," a quondam tenant of the lord
+of Ravenswood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old
+lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Alice Munro_, one of the sisters taken captive by Indians in Cooper's
+_Last of the Mohicans_ (1821).
+
+ALICHI'NO. a devil in Dante's _Inferno_.
+
+ALICIA gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position. As
+a wife, she played falsely with her husband, and even joined Mosby in
+a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love for Mosby and
+respect for Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning; wishes to get
+disentangled, but is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's
+passions impel her to evil, but her judgment accuses her and prompts
+her to the right course. She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam,
+and of course is lost.--Anon., _Arden of Feversham_ (1592).
+
+_Alic'ia_, "a laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering she," who once
+held lord Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy,
+"vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights," drove him away from
+her. Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of
+Gloster of alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord
+protector soon trumped up a charge against both; the lord chamberlain
+he ordered to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for
+witchcraft. Alicia goes raving mad.--Rowe, _Jane Shore_ (1713).
+
+_Alic'ia_ (_The lady_), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzurse.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ALICK [POLWORTH], one of the servants of Waverley.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+ALIFAN'FARON, emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the suitor
+of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pentapolin refused to sanction
+this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce his
+suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming
+in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of
+Alifanfaron and Pentapolin.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 4
+(1605).
+
+Ajax the Greater had a similar encounter. (See AJAX.)
+
+ALIN'DA, daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of
+Sego'via.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Pilgrim_ (1621).
+
+(_Alinda_ is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in
+woman's attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, "the
+loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, in the drama by Beaumont
+and Fletcher, called _The Loyal Subject_, 1618.)
+
+ALIPRANDO, a Christian knight, who discovered the armor of Rinaldo,
+and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but
+were mistaken.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+AL'IRIS, sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of
+Fer'amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be
+married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the
+journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy
+is unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her
+heart, is the sultan to whom she is betrothed.--T. Moore, _Lalla
+Rookh_.
+
+ALISAUNDER (_Sir_), surnamed LORFELIN, son of the good prince Boudwine
+and his wife An'glides (3 _syl_.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall,
+murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a
+mere child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his
+father's doublet, "bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge
+his father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and
+had one son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of fulfilling his
+mother's charge, he was himself "falsely and feloniously slain" by
+king Mark.--Sir T. Malory, _History of King Arthur_, ii. 119-125
+(1470).
+
+AL'ISON, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter.
+Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house.
+Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a rouguish eye,
+small eyebrows, was "long as a mast and upright as a bolt," more
+"pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin "was
+softer than the wool of a wether."--Chaucer, "The Miller's Tale,"
+_Canterbury Tales_, (1388).
+
+_Al'ison_, in sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_, is an old domestic in the
+service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place.
+
+AL'KEN, an old shepherd, who instructs Robin Hood's men how to find a
+witch, and how she is to be hunted.--Ben Jonson, _The Sad Shepherd_
+(1637).
+
+ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero
+and heroine are Bertram of Rousillon, and Hel'ena a physician's
+daughter, who are married by the command of the king of France, but
+part because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for
+him. Ultimately, however, all ends well.--(See HELENA.)
+
+The story of this play is from Painter's _Gilletta of Narbon_.
+
+ALL THE TALENTS Administration, formed by lord Grenville, in 1806, on
+the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Grenville, the earl
+Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer,
+William Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord
+Auckland, lord Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord
+Ellenborough. It was dissolved in 1807.
+
+  On "all the talents" vent your venal spleen.
+
+Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_.
+
+ALLAN, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Al'lan (Mrs.)_, colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Al'lan_ [Breck Cameron], the sergeant sent to arrest Hamish Bean
+McTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_
+(time, George II.).
+
+ALLAN-A-DALE, one of Robin Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Ivanhoe_. (See ALLIN-A-DALE.)
+
+ALLAN QUARTERMAIN, hunter and traveller whose adventures are recorded
+in _She, King Solomon's Mines_, and _Allan Quartermain_, by W. Rider
+Haggard (1886-1891).
+
+ALLE'GRE (3 _syl_.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When
+Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him
+confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was
+true as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no
+foundation but jealousy.--G. Chapman and J. Shirley, _The Tragedy of
+Philip Chabot_.
+
+ALLEN (_Ralph_), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding.
+
+  Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,
+  Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.
+
+Pope.
+
+_Allen (Long)_, a soldier in the "guards" of king Richard I.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_.
+
+_Allen (Major)_, an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ALL-FAIR, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which guarded
+the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she would
+become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this promise
+by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wedding day
+Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in
+Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword,
+but in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed
+to the heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of
+her lover, died of a broken heart. The syren changed the dead lovers
+into two palm trees.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow
+Dwarf," 1682). ALLIN-A-DALE or ALLEN-A-DALE, of Nottinghamshire,
+was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents
+compelled her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin
+told his tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of
+a harper, went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take
+place. When the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This
+is no fit match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her
+choice." Then, sounding his horn, Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty
+bowmen entered the church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to
+Allin till the banns had been asked three times, whereupon Robin
+pulled off the bishop's gown, and invested Little John in it, who
+asked the banns seven times, and performed the ceremony.--_Robin Hood
+and Allin-a-Dale_ (a ballad).
+
+ALL'IT. Captain of Nebuchadrezzar's guards in _The Master of the
+Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. He is
+flattered and content to be the queen's favorite until he meets
+Lalitha, a Jewish damsel. He braves death to save her from runaway
+horses attached to a chariot, is captivated by her beauty, and forgets
+his royal mistress in an honorable love (1890).
+
+ALLNUT (_Noll_), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625).
+
+_Grace Allnut_, his wife.
+
+_Oliver Allnut_, the landlord's son.--Sterling, _John Felton_ (1852).
+
+ALLWORTH (_Lady_), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach
+thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord
+Lovel.
+
+_Tom Allworth_, stepson of lady Allworth, in love with Margaret
+Overreach, whom he marries.--Massinger, _A New Way to pay Old Debts_
+(1625).
+
+ALL'WORTHY, in Fielding's _Tom Jones_, a man of sturdy rectitude,
+large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring
+philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's
+friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character.
+
+ALMA (_the human soul_) queen of a Castle, which for seven years was
+beset by a rabble rout. Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma
+over this castle, which though not named is intended to represent the
+human body.--Spenser, _The Faërie Queene_, ii. 9 (1590).
+
+ALMANSOR ("_the invincible_"), a title assumed by several Mussulman
+princes, as by the second caliph of the Abbasside dynasty, named Abou
+Giafar Abdallah (_the invincible_, or _al mansor_). Also by the
+famous captain of the Moors in Spain, named Mohammed. In Africa,
+Yacoubal-Modjahed was entitled "_al mansor_," a royal name of dignity
+given to the kings of Fez, Morocco, and Algiers.
+
+  The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus,
+  Marocco and Algiers.
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 403 (1665).
+
+ALMANZOR, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, was
+told by a hermit named Bag dad that a man called Moclas was destined
+to be its founder. "I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told
+the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it,
+whereupon his nurse ever after called him "Moclas" (_thief_).
+Almanzor founded the city, and called it Bag dad, the name of the
+hermit.--Marigny.
+
+_Alman'zor_, in Dryden's tragedy of _The Conquest of Grana'da_.
+
+_Alman'zor_, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected
+fine ladies in Molière's comedy of _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+ALMAVI'VA, (_Count_), in _The Marriage of Figaro_ and _The Barber
+of Seville_ by Beaumarchais. _The Follies of a Day_ by T. Holcroft
+(1745-1809) is borrowed from Beaumarchais.
+
+ALME'RIA, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of
+Valentia, prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled
+to fight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in
+which they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had
+perished. Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast
+of Granada, to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso,
+under the assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape,
+and at the head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and
+"the mournful bride" became converted into the joyful wife.--W.
+Congreve, _The Mourning Bride_ (1697).
+
+ALMES'BURY (3 _syl_.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that queen
+Guenever took refuge, after her adulterous passion for sir Lancelot
+was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was buried at
+Glastonbury.
+
+ALMEY'DA, the Portuguese governor of India. In his engagement with
+the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs
+shattered by chain-shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had
+himself bound to the shipmast, where he "waved his sword to cheer on
+the combatants," till he died from loss of blood.
+
+Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynaegeros brother of the
+poet Æschylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of "the prophet"
+in the battle of Muta, and of some others.
+
+  Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn,
+  His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne;
+  Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands,
+  Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful hands:
+  Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny,
+  To yield he knows not; but he knows to die.
+  Camoens, _Lusiad_, x. (1569).
+
+ALMIRODS (_The_), a rebellions people, who refused to submit to prince
+Pantag'ruel after his subjugation of Anarchus king of the Dipsodes (2
+_syl_). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these rebels that
+a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting out his
+tongue "halfway," sheltered his whole army.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_,
+ii. 32 (1533).
+
+ALNAS'CHAR, the dreamer, the "barber's fifth brother." He invested all
+his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much,
+and then to invest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would
+marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur; but being angry with
+his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the
+ware which had given birth to his dream of wealth.--_The Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments_.
+
+_The Alnaschar of Modern Literature_, S.T. Coleridge, so called
+because he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises
+which he never carried out (1772-1834).
+
+ALOA'DIN (4 _syl_.), a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and
+garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Paradise." Thalaba slew him with
+a club, and the scene of enchantment disappeared.--Southey, _Thalaba
+the Destroyer_, vii. (1797).
+
+ALON'SO, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of Sebastian,
+in _The Tempest_, by Shakespeare (1609).
+
+ALONZO _the brave_, the name of a ballad by M.G. Lewis. The fair
+Imogene was betrothed to Alonzo, but during his absence in the wars
+became the bride of another. At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat
+beside the bride, and, after rebuking her for her infidelity, carried
+her off to the grave.
+
+  Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight;
+  The maid was the fair Imogene.
+  M.G. Lewis.
+
+_Alon'zo_, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious
+Duarte (3 _syl_.), in the drama called _The Custom of the Country_, by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1647).
+
+_Alonzo_, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the
+friend of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken
+prisoner of war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with
+him. At the end he fights with Pizarro and kills him.--Sheridan,
+_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue).
+
+_Alonzo (Don)_, "the conqueror of Afric," friend of don Carlos, and
+husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out
+of friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out
+of revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still
+entertained for each other their former love, and out of jealousy
+Alonzo has his friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with
+herself. Zanga now informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless,
+and mad with grief he kills himself.--Edw. Young, _The Revenge_
+(1721).
+
+ALONZO FERNANDEZ DE AVELLANEDA, author of a spurious _Don Quixote_,
+who makes a third sally. This was published during the lifetime of
+Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance.
+
+ALP, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in
+the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti,
+governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a renegade and
+apostate. Alp was shot in the siege, and Francesca died of a broken
+heart.--Byron, _Siege of Corinth_.
+
+ALPHE'US (3 _syl_.), a magician and prophet in the army of
+Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_
+(1516).
+
+_Alphe'us_ (3 _syl_.), of classic story, being passionately in love
+with Arethu'sa, pursued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and
+was changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name.
+
+ALPHON'SO, an irascible old lord in _The Pilgrim_, a comedy by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1621).
+
+_Alphon'so_, king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no
+tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ultimately he recovered his
+crown, and Frederick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest
+of their lives.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).
+
+_Alphonso_, son of count Pedro of Cantabria, afterwards king of Spain.
+He was plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord Pelayo.
+
+  The young Alphonso was in truth an heir
+  Of nature's largest patrimony; rich
+  In form and feature, growing strength of limb,
+  A gentle heart, a soul affectionate,
+  A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts,
+  And genius heightening and ennobling all.
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc._, viii. (1814).
+
+ALQUI'FE (3 _syl_.), a famous enchanter in _Amadis of Gaul_, by Vasco
+de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403.
+
+La Noue denounces such beneficent enchanters as Alquife and Urganda,
+because they serve "as a vindication of those who traffic with the
+powers of darkness."--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87 (1587).
+
+ALRINACH, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms
+and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form and dress of a
+woman.--_Eastern Mythology_.
+
+ALSCRIP (_Miss_), "the heiress," a vulgar _parvenue_, affected,
+conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her,
+she assumes the airs of a woman of fashion, and exhibits the follies
+without possessing the merits of the upper ten.
+
+_Mr. Alscrip_, the vulgar father of "the heiress," who finds the
+grandeur of sudden wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion,
+Berkeley Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as
+scrivener in Furnival's Inn.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).
+
+AL'TAMONT, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of lord
+Sciol'to (3 _syl_). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride has
+been seduced by Lotha'rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is
+killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself.--N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_
+(1703). (Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.)
+
+ALTAMO'RUS, king of Samarcand', who joined the Egyptian armament
+against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk.
+xx.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALTASCAR (_Señor_). A courtly old Spaniard in Bret Harte's Notes by
+_Flood and Field_. He is dispossessed of his corral in the Sacramento
+Valley by a party of government surveyors, who have come to correct
+boundaries (1878).
+
+ALTEMERA. Typical far-southern girl, with a lovely face, creamy skin,
+and a "lazy sweet voice," who takes the leading part in Annie Eliot's
+_An Hour's Promise_ (1888).
+
+ALTHAEA'S BRAND. The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger
+would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained
+unconsumed. Althaea contrived to keep the log unconsumed for many
+years, but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily
+into the fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at
+the same time.--Ovid, _Metaph_. viii. 4.
+
+  The fatal brand Althaea burned.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act i. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+ALTHE'A (_The divine_), of Richard Lovelace, was Lucy Saeheverell,
+also called by the poet, _Lucasta_.
+
+  When love with unconfinèd wings
+  Hovers within my gates,
+  And my divine Althea brings
+  To whisper at my grates.
+
+(The "grates" here referred to were those of a prison in which
+Lovelace was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from
+Kent in favor of the king.)
+
+ALTHEETAR, one of the seven bridegrooms of Lopluël, condemned to die
+successively, by a malignant spirit. He is young, beautiful, and
+endowed with rare gifts of soul and mind. While singing to her, his
+lyre falls from his hand and he dies in her arms, her loosened hair
+falling about him as a shroud.
+
+  "So calm, so fair,
+  He rested on the purple, tapestried floor,
+  It seemed an angel lay reposing there."
+
+_Lopluel, or the Bride of Seven_, by Maria del Occidente (Maria Gowen
+Brooks) (1833).
+
+ALTISIDO'RA, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in love
+with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response that
+he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while he
+is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the room
+by a rope. As the knight is leaving the mansion, Altisidora accuses
+him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denies the
+charge, the damsel protests that she said so in her distraction, for
+her garters were not stolen. "I am like the man looking for his mule
+at the time he was astride its back."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II.
+iii. 9, etc.; iv. 5 (1615).
+
+AL'TON (_Miss_), _alias_ Miss CLIFFORD, a sweet, modest young lady,
+the companion of Miss Alscrip, "the heiress," a vulgar, conceited
+_parvenue_. Lord Gayville is expected to marry "the heiress," but
+detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out
+that £2000 a year of "the heiress's" fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford
+(Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir
+Clement Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to
+Clifford, who marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the
+same on his nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton.--General
+Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).
+
+AL'TON LOCKE, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley
+(1850). This novel won for the author the title of "The Chartist
+Clergyman."
+
+ALVIRA ROBERTS, hired "girl" and faithful retainer of the Fairchild
+family. For many years she and Milton Squires, the hired man, have
+"kept company." In his prosperity he deserts her. When he is convicted
+of murder, she kisses him. "Ef 'twas the last thing I ever done in
+my life, I'd dew it. We was--engaged--once't on a time!"--_Seth's
+Brother's Wife_, by Harold Frederic (1886).
+
+ALZIR'DO, king of Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in
+his march to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AM'ADIS OF GAUL, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess
+Elize'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the
+first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died
+1403). These books were translated into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo,
+who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by
+Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly,
+Gilbert Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series
+_Le Roman des Romans_.
+
+Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain
+that "Gaul" means _Wales_, not France; that Elizena was princess of
+_Brittany_ (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul (_Wales_), not
+Gaul _(France)._
+
+  Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexion,
+  his aspect something between mild and
+  austere, and had a handsome black beard. He
+  was a person of very few words, was not easily
+  provoked, and was soon appeased.--Cervantes,
+  _Don Quixote_, II. i. 1 (1615).
+
+As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of
+French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of
+Spanish and Portuguese romance; but there is this difference--the tale
+of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with
+Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered
+and overcame in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian
+romances, and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of
+adventures of different heroes, but there is no unity of purpose; each
+set of adventures is complete in itself.
+
+AMA'DIS OF GREECE, a supplemental part of _Amadis of Gaul_, by
+Felicia'no de Silva. There are also several other Amadises--as Amadis
+of Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are
+very inferior to the original _Amadis of Gaul_.
+
+
+The ancient fables, whose relickes doe yet remain, namely, _Lancelot
+of the Lake, Pierceforest, Tristram, Giron the Courteous_, etc., doe
+beare witnesse of this odde vanitie. Herewith were men fed for the
+space of 500 yeeres, untill our language growing more polished, and
+our minds more ticklish, they were driven to invent some novelties
+wherewith to delight us. Thus came ye bookes of Amadis into light
+among us in this last age.--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87
+(1587).
+
+
+AMAI'MON (3 _syl_.), one of the principal devils. Asmode'us is one of
+his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 _Henry IV._ act
+ii. sc. 4, and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+AMAL'AHTA, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2
+_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is
+described as a brutal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amalahta
+wished to marry the princess Goer'vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized
+her by force, but was killed in his flight.--Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 16
+(1805).
+
+AMALTHAE'A, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books
+of prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price
+demanded, she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the
+king, demanded the same price for the remaining six. Again the king
+declined the purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the
+volumes, demanded the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin
+paid the money, and Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says
+that Amalthaea burnt the books in the king's presence. Pliny affirms
+that the original number of volumes was only three, two of which the
+sibyl burnt, and the third was purchased by king Tarquin.
+
+AMALTHE'A, a mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid
+his mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the
+vigilance and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by
+Diodorus Sic'ulus, bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his _History
+of the World_, I. vi. 5) differs from the ordinary story, which makes
+Sem'elê the mother of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or
+Cham, the son of Noah, founder of the African race.)
+
+  ... that Nyseian ile,
+  Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham
+  (Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove)
+  Hid Amalthea and her florid son,
+  Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 275 (1665).
+
+AMANDA, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous attentions,
+but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats him with
+contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, also
+pays attention to Loveless's wife, but she repels his advances with
+indignation, and Loveless, who overhears her, conscious of his own
+shortcomings, resolves to reform his ways, and, "forsaking all
+other," to remain true to Amanda, "so long as they both should
+live."--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_.
+
+_Aman'da_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, is meant for Miss Young, who
+married admiral Campbell.
+
+  And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song!
+  Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself.
+
+"Spring," 480, 481 (1728).
+
+_Amanda_, the victim of Peregrine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's
+novel of _Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Amanda_, worldly woman in Julia Ward Howe's poem, _Amanda's
+Inventory_, who sums up her wealth and honors, and is forced to
+conclude the list with death (1866).
+
+AMARAN'TA, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly
+loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+AM'ARANTH (_Lady_), in _Wild Oats_, by John O'Keefe, a famous part of
+Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).
+
+AMARIL'LIS, a shepherdess in love with Per'igot (_t_ sounded), but
+Perigot loved Am'oret. In order to break off this affection, Amarillis
+induced "the sullen shepherd" to dip her in "the magic well," whereby
+she became transformed into the perfect resemblance of her rival, and
+soon effectually disgusted Perigot with her bold and wanton conduct.
+When afterwards he met the true Amoret, he repulsed her, and even
+wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, the trick was discovered
+by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and Perigot was married to his
+true love.--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherd_ (1610).
+
+AMARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, was
+the countess of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest of
+the six daughters of sir John Spenser, of Althorpe, ancestor of the
+noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. After the death of the
+earl, the widow married sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal
+(afterwards baron of Ellesmere and viscount Brackley). It was for this
+very lady, during her widowhood, that Milton wrote his _Ar'cades_ (3
+_syl_.).
+
+  No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,
+  The honour of the noble family
+  Of which I meanest boast myself to be ...
+  Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:
+  Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,
+  The next to her is bountiful Charyllis,
+  But th' youngest is the highest in degree.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594).
+
+AM'ASISI, _Amosis_, or _Aah'mes_ (3 _syl_.), founder of the eighteenth
+Egyptian dynasty (B.C. 1610). Lord Brooke attributes to him one of the
+pyramids. The three chief pyramids are usually ascribed to Suphis (or
+Cheops), Sen-Suphis (or Cephrenês), and Mencherês, all of the fourth
+dynasty.
+
+  Amasis and Cheops how can time forgive.
+  Who in their useless pyramids would live?
+
+Lord Brooke, _Peace_.
+
+AMATEUR (_An_), Pierce Egan the younger published under this pseudonym
+his _Real Life in London_, or _The Rambles and Adventures of Rob
+Tally-ho, Esq., and his Cousin, the Hon. Tom Dashall, through the
+Metropolis_ (1821-2).
+
+AMAUROTS (_The_), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the Dipsodes
+(2 _syl_.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly routed
+the invaders.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+AMA'VIA, the personification of Intemperance in grief. Hearing that
+her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by
+the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in quest of him, and found him so
+changed in mind and body she could scarcely recognize him; however,
+she managed by tact to bring him away, but he died on the road, and
+Amavia stabbed herself from excessive grief.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_,
+ii. 1 (1590).
+
+AMAZO'NA, a fairy, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and the
+Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered
+and became both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'lona a
+bunch of gilly-flowers, which enabled her to pass unrecognized before
+those who knew her well.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The
+Princess Carpillona," 1682).
+
+AMAZONS, a fabled race of women-warriors. It was said that in order to
+use the bow, they cut off one of their breasts.
+
+AMBER, said to be a concretion of birds' tears, but the birds were the
+sisters of Melea'ger, called Meleag'ridês, who never ceased weeping
+for their dead brother.--Pliny, _Natural History_, xxxvii. 2, 11.
+
+  Around thee shall glisten the loveliest amber.
+  That ever the sorrowing sea-birds have wept.
+
+T. Moore, _Fire-Worshippers_.
+
+AM'BROSE (2 _syl_.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil
+Blas the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who
+assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself
+Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil Blas
+to a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his
+portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to find out that the
+house is only a hired lodging.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 15, 16 (1715).
+
+(This incident is borrowed from Espinel's romance entitled _Vida de
+Escudero, marcos de Obregon_, 1618.)
+
+_Am'brose_ (2 _syl_.), a male domestic servant waiting on Miss
+Seraphine and Miss Angelica Arthuret.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George II.).
+
+_Ambrose (Brother)_, a monk who attended the prior Aymer, of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Am'brosius (Father)_, abbot of Kennaquhair, is Edward Glendinning,
+brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Avenel). He appears
+at Kinross, disguised as a nobleman's retainer.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AME'LIA, heroine of novel of same name. Young daughter of a German
+inn-keeper, who rises to a high position in society, through native
+merit, graces of mind and person.--Eliza Leslie (1843).
+
+_Ame'lia_, a model of conjugal affection, in Fielding's novel so
+called. It is said that the character was modelled from his own
+wife. Dr. Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once
+stopping.
+
+
+_Amelia_ is perhaps the only book of which, being printed off betimes
+one morning, a new edition was called for before night. The character
+of Amelia is the most pleasing heroine of all the romances.--Dr.
+Johnson.
+
+
+_Ame'lia_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, a beautiful, innocent young woman,
+overtaken by a storm while walking with her troth-plight lover,
+Cel'adon, "with equal virtue formed, and equal grace. Hers the mild
+lustre of the blooming morn, and his the radiance of the risen day."
+Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, "'Tis safety to be near
+thee, sure;" when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his
+arms.--"Summer" (1727).
+
+_Amelia_, in Schiller's tragedy of _The Robbers_.
+
+  Or they will learn how generous worth sublimes
+  The robber Moor, and pleads for all his crimes;
+  How poor Amelia kissed with many a tear
+  His hand, blood-stained, but ever, ever dear.
+
+Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Amelia Bailey_, ambitious woman with "literary tastes," who in
+pursuit of a suitable sphere, marries a rich Californian, and "shines
+with the diamonds her husband has bought, and makes a noise, but it is
+the blare of vulgar ostentation,"--William Henry Rideing, _A Little
+Upstart_ (1885).
+
+AMELOT (2 _syl_.), the page of sir Damian de Lacy.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+AM'GIAD, son of Camaralzaman and Badoura, and half-brother of Assad
+(son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Each of the two mothers
+conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young
+princes revolted at their advances, accused them to their father of
+designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman ordered his emir Giondar to put
+them both to death, but as the young men had saved him from a lion he
+laid no hand on them, but told them not to return to their father's
+dominions. They wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both
+reached the same place, which was a city of the Magi. Here, by a
+strange adventure Amgiad was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into
+a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god.
+Bosta'na, a daughter of the old man who imprisoned Assad, released
+him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made her his wife. After which, the
+king, who was greatly advanced in years, appointed him his successor,
+and Amgiad used his best efforts to abolish the worship of fire and
+establish "the true faith."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+AM'YAS, a squire of low degree, beloved by Aemylia. They agreed
+to meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken
+captives--Amyas by Corflambo, and Aemylia by a man monster. Aemylia
+was released by Belphoebê (3 _syl_.), who slew "the caitiff;" and
+Amyas by prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. The two lovers were then
+brought together by the prince "in peace and joyous blis."--Spenser,
+_Faëry Queen_, iv. 7, 9 (1596).
+
+AMI'DAS, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio; the
+former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the
+wealthy Philtra. The two brothers had each an island of equal size and
+value left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island
+of the younger brother, and encroached on that belonging to Bracidas.
+When Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing,
+she forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier; while Lucy,
+seeing herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest
+attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the
+wasted island. It was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its
+contents and herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own
+by right, and the question in dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal.
+The wise arbiter decided, that whereas Armidas claimed as his own all
+the additions given to his island by the sea, Lucy might claim as her
+own the chest, because the sea had given it to her.--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, v. 4 (1596).
+
+AM'IEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for sir Edward
+Seymour, Speaker of the House of Commons.
+
+  Who can Amiel's praise refuse?
+  Of ancient race by birth, but nobler yet
+  In his own worth, and without title great.
+  The sanhedrim long time as chief he ruled,
+  Their reason guided, and their passion cooled.
+
+Part i.
+
+A'MIN (_Prince_), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid; he married
+Am'inê, sister of Zobeide (3 _syl_.), the caliph's wife.--_Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments_ ("The History of Amine").
+
+_Am'ina_, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to
+Elvi'no, a rich farmer, but being found the night before the wedding
+in the chamber of count Rodolpho, Elvino rightly refused to marry her.
+The count remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were
+talking, the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along
+the narrow edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly
+revolving; she then crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same
+chamber. Here she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around
+him so lovingly, that all his doubts vanished, and he married
+her.--Bellini, _La Sonnambula_ (an opera, 1831).
+
+AM'INE (3 _syl_.), half-sister of Zobei'dè (3 _syl_.), and wife of
+Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to purchase a robe, and the
+seller told her he would charge nothing if she would suffer him to
+kiss her cheek. Instead of kissing he bit it, and Amine, being asked
+by her husband how she came by the wound, so shuffled in her answers
+that he commanded her to be put to death, a sentence he afterwards
+commuted to scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories
+of their lives to the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin
+became reconciled to his wife, and the caliph married her
+half-sister.--_Arabian Nights'Entertainments_ ("History of Zobeide and
+History of Amine").
+
+AM'INE (3 _syl_.) or AM'INES (3 _syl_.), the beautiful wife of Sidi
+Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin for
+the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions.
+This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain
+on what his wife really fed, and to his horror discovered that she was
+a ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the cemetery, and feasted on
+the freshly-buried dead.--_Arabian Nights_ ("History of Sidi Nouman").
+
+  One of the Aminês' sort, who pick up their
+  grains of food with a bodkin.--O.W. Holmes,
+  _Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table_.
+
+AMIN'TOR, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia, but
+by the king's command he marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). This is the great
+event of the tragedy of which Amintor is the hero. The sad story of
+Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play.--Beaumont and Fletcher,
+_The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England claimed the
+feudal right of disposing in marriage any one who owed them feudal
+allegiance. In _All's Well that Ends Well_, Shakespeare makes the king
+of France exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count
+of Rousillon, to marry against his will Hel'ena, the physician's
+daughter.)
+
+AMIS THE PRIEST, the hero of a comic German epic of the 13th century,
+represented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humor, but
+ignorant and hypocritical. His popularity excites the envy of the
+superior clergy, who seek to depose him from the priesthood by making
+public exposition of his ignorance, but by his quickness at repartee
+he always manages to turn the laugh against them.--Ascribed to
+Stricker of Austria.
+
+AM'LET (_Richard_), the gamester in Vanbrugh's _Confederacy_ (1695).
+He is usually called "Dick."
+
+
+I saw Miss Pope for the second time, in the year 1790, in the
+character of "Flippanta," John Palmer being "Dick Amlet," and Mrs.
+Jordan "Corinna."--James Smith.
+
+
+_Mrs. Amlet_, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman, mother of _Dick_, of whom
+she is very proud, although she calls him a "sad scapegrace," and
+swears "he will be hanged." At last she settles on him £10,000, and he
+marries Corinna, daughter of Gripe the rich scrivener.
+
+AMMO'NIAN HORN (_The_), the cornucopia. Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to
+his mistress Amalthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a tract of land resembling
+a ram's horn in shape, and hence called the "_Ammonian_ horn" (from
+the giver), the "_Amalthe'an_ horn" (from the receiver), and the
+"_Hesperian_ horn" (from its locality). Amalthea also personifies
+fertility. (Ammon is Ham, son of Noah, founder of the African race.)
+(See AMALTHEA.)
+
+  [Here] Amalthea pours,
+  Well pleased, the wealth of that Ammonian horn,
+  Her dower.     Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+AM'MON'S SON. Alexander the Great called himself the son of the god
+Ammon, but others call him the son of Philip of Macedon.
+
+  Of food I think with Philip's son, or rather
+  Ammon's (ill pleased with one world and one
+  father).
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31.
+
+(Alluding to the tale that when Alexander had conquered the whole
+world, he wept that there was no other world to conquer.)
+
+A'MON'S SON is Rinaldo, eldest son of Amon or Aymon marquis d'Este,
+and nephew of Charlemagne.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AM'ORET, a modest, faithful shepherdess, who plighted her troth to
+Per'igot (_t_ sounded) at the "Virtuous Well." The wanton shepherdess
+Amarillis, having by enchantment assumed her appearance and dress, so
+disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, that he lost his love for the
+true Amoret, repulsed her with indignation, and tried to kill her. The
+deception was revealed by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and the
+lovers being reconciled, were happily married.--John Fletcher, _The
+Faithful Shepherdess_ (before 1611).
+
+AMORET'TA or AM'ORET, twin-born with Belphoebê (3 _syl_.), their
+mother being Chrysog'onê (4 _syl_.). While the mother and her two
+babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and Venus
+the other. Venus committed Amoretta to the charge of Psychê (2
+_syl_.), and Psychê tended her as lovingly as she tended her own
+daughter Pleasure, "to whom she became the companion." When grown to
+marriageable estate, Amoretta was brought to Fairyland, and wounded
+many a heart, but gave her own only to sir Scudamore (bk. iii. 6).
+Being seized by Bu'sirane, an enchanter, she was kept in durance
+by him because she would not "her true love deny;" but Britomart
+delivered her and bound the enchanter (bk. iii. 11, 12), after which
+she became the tender, loving wife of sir Scudamore.
+
+_Amoret_ is the type of female loveliness and wifely affection, soft,
+warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent; not sensual nor yet platonic, but
+that living, breathing, warm-hearted love which fits woman for the
+fond mother and faithful wife.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+AMOUR'Y (_Sir Giles_), the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars, who
+conspires with the marquis of Montserrat against Richard I. Saladin
+cuts off the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+AM'PHIBAL (_St._), confessor of St. Alban of Verulam. When Maximia'nus
+Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled down the
+Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death the
+Christians with unflagging zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and offered
+to die for him.
+
+  A thousand other saints whom Amphibal had taught ...
+  Were slain where Lichfield is, whose name doth rightly sound
+  (There of those Christians slain), "Dead-field" or burying-ground.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+AMPHI'ON is said to have built Thebes by the music of his lute.
+Tennyson has a poem called _Amphion_, a skit and rhyming _jeu
+d'esprit_.
+
+  Amphion there the loud creating lyre
+  Strikes, and behold a sudden Thebes aspire.
+
+Pope, _Temple of Fame_.
+
+AMPHIS-BAENA, a reptile which could go head foremost either way,
+because it had a head at each extremity. Milton uses the word in
+_Paradise Lost_, x. 524. (Greek, _ampi baino_, "I go both ways.")
+
+  The amphis-baena doubly armed appears,
+  At either end a threatening head she rears.
+
+Rowe, _Pharsalia_, ix. 696, etc. (by Lucan).
+
+AMPHITRYON, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'nê (3 _syl._). While
+Amphitryon was absent at war with Pter'elas, king of the Tel'eboans,
+Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmenê, who in due time became
+the mother of Her'culês. Next day Amphitryon returned, having slain
+Pterelas, and Alcmenê was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a
+great entanglement arose, Alcmenê telling her husband he visited her
+last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon
+declaring he was with the army. This confusion is still further
+increased by his slave Sos'ia, who went to take to Alcmenê the news of
+victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had
+assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out
+whether he was himself or not. This plot has been made a comedy by
+Plautus, Molière, and Dryden.
+
+  The scenes which Plautus drew, to-night we show,
+  Touched by Molière, by Dryden taught to glow.
+
+  _Prologue to Hawksworth's version_.
+
+
+As an Amphitryon _chez qui l'on dine_, no one knows better than Ouidà
+the uses of a _recherché_ dinner.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix.
+
+
+"_Amphitryon_": _Le véritable Amphitryon est l'Amphitryon où l'on
+dine_ ("The master of the feast is the master of the house"). While
+the confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphitryon,
+_Socie_ [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and
+replied--
+
+  Je ne me trompois pas, messieurs; ce mot termine
+  Toute l'irrésolution;
+  Le véritable Amphitryon
+  Est l'Amphitryon où l'on dine.
+
+  Molière, _Amphitryon_, iii. 5 (1668).
+
+  Demosthenes and Cicero
+  Are doubtless stately names to hear,
+  But that of good Amphitryon
+  Sounds far more pleasant to my ear.
+
+  M.A. Désaugiers (1772-1827).
+
+AMRAH, the faithful woman-servant of the household of Ben-Hur in Lew
+Wallace's novel, _Ben-Hur_. Through her heroic services, Judah,
+the son, finds the mother and sister from whom he has been so long
+separated (1880).
+
+AM'RI, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called "The
+Father of Equity" (1621-1682).
+
+  To whom the double blessing did belong,
+  With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.
+
+Part ii.
+
+AMUN'DEVILLE (_Lord Henry_), one of the "British privy council." After
+the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where he
+entertained a select and numerous party, among which were the duchess
+of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian envoy."
+His wife was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70,
+71.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. to end.
+
+AM'URATH III., sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father,
+Selim II., and reigned 1574-1595. His first act was to invite all his
+brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this
+when he says--
+
+  This is the English, not the Turkish court;
+  Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,
+  But Harry, Harry.
+
+Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act v. sc. 2 (1598).
+
+AMUSEMENTS OF KINGS. The great amusement of _Ardeltas_ of Arabia
+Petraea, was currying horses; of _Artaba'nus_ of Persia, was
+mole-catching; of _Domitian_ of Rome, was catching flies; of
+_Ferdinand VII._, of Spain, was embroidering petticoats; of _Louis
+XVI._, clock and lock making; of _George IV._, the game of patience.
+
+AMY MARCH, the artist sister in Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_
+(1868).
+
+AMY WENTWORTH, the high-born but contented wife of the "Brown Viking
+of the Fishing-smack," in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, _Amy
+Wentworth_.
+
+  She sings, and smiling, hears her praise,
+  But dreams the while of one
+  Who watches from his sea-blown deck
+  The ice-bergs in the sun.    (1860.)
+
+AMYN'TAS, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, by Spenser, is
+Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594.
+
+  Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn.
+  He, whilst he lived, was the noblest swain
+  That ever pipèd on an oaten quill.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+AMYN'TOR. (See AMINTOR.)
+
+A'MYS and AMY'LION, the Damon and Pythias of mediaeval romance.--See
+Ellis's _Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances_.
+
+AMYTIS, the Median queen of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon.
+Beautiful, passionate, and conscienceless, she condemns an innocent
+rival to the worst of fates, without a pang of conscience, and dies a
+violent death at the hands of one who was once her lover.
+
+The gardens were well-watered and dripped luxuriantly.... At this time
+of the morning, Amytis amused herself alone, or with a few favored
+slaves. She dipped through artificial dew and pollen, bloom and
+fountain, like one of the butterflies that circled above her small
+head, or one of the bright cold lizards that crept about her feet. She
+bathed, she ran, she sang, and curled to sleep, and stirred and bathed
+again.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and
+Herbert D. Ward (1890).
+
+ANACHARSIS [CLOOTZ]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the _prenome_
+of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled about
+Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and improve his own
+countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own
+object in life was like that of Anacharsis (1755-1794).
+
+ANACHRONISMS. (See ERRORS.)
+
+CHAUCER, in his tale of _Troilus_, at the siege of Troy, makes
+Pandarus refer to _Robin Hood_.
+
+  And to himselfe ful soberly he saied,
+  From hasellwood there jolly Robin plaied.
+
+Book v.
+
+GILES FLETCHER, in _Christ's Victory_, pt. ii. makes the Tempter
+seem to be "a good old _hermit_ or _palmer_, travelling to see some
+_saint_, and _telling his beads!!_"
+
+LODGE, in _The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla_ (1594), mentions
+"the razor of Palermo" and "St. Paul's steeple," and introduces
+Frenchmen who "for forty crowns" undertake to poison the Roman consul.
+
+MORGLAY makes Dido tell Æneas that she should have been contented with
+a son, even "if he had been a _cockney dandiprat_" (1582).
+
+SCHILLER, in his _Piccolomini_, speaks of _lightning conductors_. This
+was about 150 years before they were invented.
+
+SHAKESPEAKE, in his _Coriolanus_ (act ii. sc. 1), makes Menenius refer
+to _Galen_ above 600 years before he was born.
+
+Cominius alludes to _Roman Plays_, but no such things were known for
+250 years after the death of Cominius.--_Coriolanus_, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+Brutus refers to the "_Marcian Waters_ brought to Rome by Censorinus."
+This was not done till 300 years afterwards.
+
+In _Hamlet_, the prince Hamlet was educated at _Wittemberg School_,
+which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo-Germanicus, from whom
+Shakespeare borrowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was thirty years
+old when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2).
+
+In 1 _Henry IV._, the carrier complains that "the _turkeys_ in his
+pannier are quite starved" (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from
+America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century
+after. Again in _Henry V._, Grower is made to say to Fluellen, "Here
+comes Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock" (act v. sc. 1).
+
+In _Julius Cæsar_, Brutus says to Cassius, "Peace, count the clock."
+To which Cassius replies, "The clock has stricken three."
+
+Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not
+invented till some 1400 years after the death of Cæsar.
+
+VIRGIL places Æneas in the port Velinus, which was made by Curius
+Dentatus.
+
+This list, with very little trouble, might be greatly multiplied. The
+hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and
+places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a
+few examples from Ariosto's great poem, _Orlando Furioso_.
+
+Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of
+England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the
+dukes of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by
+Cymosco king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk.
+vi.). We have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not
+invited over by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's
+death. In bk. xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the
+last three books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337.
+
+ANAC'REON, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that
+songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C. 563-478).
+
+_Anacreon of Painters_, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660).
+
+_Anacreon of the Guillotine_, Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac (1755-1841).
+
+_Anacreon of the Temple_, Guillaume Amfrye, abbé de Chaulieu
+(1639-1720).
+
+_Anacreon of the Twelfth Century_, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper."
+His famous drinking song, "Meum est prepositum ..." has been
+translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).
+
+_The French Anacreon_. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad
+poets" (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the _Caveau
+Moderne_, a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member
+was of necessity a poet (1727-1811).
+
+_The Persian Anacreon_, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is
+called _The Divan_ (1310-1389).
+
+_The Sicilian Anacreon_, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).
+
+ANACREON MOORE, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called
+"Anacreon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own
+original anacreontic songs.
+
+  Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 104.
+
+ANAGNUS, Inchastity personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus
+(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), Acath'arus, and Asel'gês
+(_lasciviousness_), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In
+the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (_wifely
+chastity_), the spouse of Encra'tes (_temperance_) and sister of
+Parthen'ia (_maidenly chastity_). (Greek, _anagnos_, "impure.")
+(1633.)
+
+ANAGRAMS.
+
+CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). _Claims Arthur's Seat_.
+
+DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). _Never so
+mad a ladie_.
+
+HORATIO NELSON. _Honor est a Nilo_.
+
+MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). _Je charme tout_ (made by
+Henri IV.).
+
+Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? _Est vir qui adest_.
+
+SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. _You horrid butcher,
+Orton, biggest rascal here._
+
+A'NAH, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved
+her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried her
+off to another planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_.
+
+  Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters:
+  Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her
+  sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one
+  loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears
+  that her love makes her "heart grow impious,"
+  and that she worships the seraph rather than the
+  Creator.--Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton).
+
+ANAK OF PUBLISHERS, so John Murray was called by lord Byron
+(1778-1843).
+
+AN'AKIM or ANAK, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were terrible
+for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves
+were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.
+
+  I felt the thews of Anakim,
+  The pulses of a Titan's heart.
+
+Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, iii.
+
+(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war
+with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 _syl_.)
+
+ANAMNES'TES (4 _syl_), the boy who waited on Eumnestês (Memory).
+Eumnestês was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a "man of
+infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but
+when unable to "fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept
+Anamnestês, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss."
+(Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory;" _anamne'stis_, "research or
+calling up to mind.")
+
+  And oft when things were lost or laid amiss,
+  That boy them sought and unto him did lend;
+  Therefore the Anamnestes clepêd is,
+  And that old man Eumnestes.
+
+Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).
+
+ANANI'AS, in _The Alchemist_, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).
+
+("Wasp" in _Bartholomew Fair_, "Corbaccio" in _The Fox_, "Morose" in
+_The Silent Woman_, all by B. Jonson.)
+
+ANARCHUS, king of the Dipsodes (2 _syl_.), defeated by Pantag'ruel,
+who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and
+married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the
+wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife,
+being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and
+the ex-tyrant did not dare call his soul his own."--Rabelais,
+_Pantagruel_, ii. 31 (1533).
+
+ANASTA'SIUS, the hero of a novel called _Memoirs of Anastasius_, by
+Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is
+the autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his
+crimes and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long
+series of adventures.
+
+  Fiction has but few pictures which will bear
+  comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on
+  the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his
+  dying boy in his arms.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+ANASTASIUS GRÜN, the _nom de plume_ of Anton Alexander von Auersperg,
+a German poet (1806-1876).
+
+ANASTERAX, brother of Niquee [_ne.kay_], with whom he lives in
+incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her
+god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.--_Amadis de Gaul_.
+
+AN'CHO, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms
+himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese,
+converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with
+terror. The Ancho hates church bells.
+
+ANCIENT MARINER (_The_), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot
+an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are
+visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance;
+but he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to
+others as a warning lesson.
+
+AN'DERSON (_Eppie_), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held by
+Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+ANDRÉ (2 _syl_.). Petit-André and Trois Echelles are the executioners
+of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in
+_Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_.
+
+_André_, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant).
+This novel and that called _Consuelo_ (4 _syl_.) are considered her
+best (1804-1876).
+
+ANDRE'OS, Fortitude personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto x.). "None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the
+yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, _andria_ or _andreia_,
+"manliness.")
+
+ANDREW, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+ANDREWS, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Andrews (Joseph)_, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is
+a footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of
+[Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man.
+
+  The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good
+  qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the
+  dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen
+  of the county, and his constancy in refusing
+  bribes and temptation, have something refreshing
+  in their _naïveté_ and freshness, and prepossess
+  one in favor of that handsome young hero.--Thackeray.
+
+ANDROCLUS AND THE LION. Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who took
+refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to
+pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a
+thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight
+with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same
+lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor,
+and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The
+story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set
+free.
+
+A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English
+consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day
+he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one
+which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear,
+than the beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered
+the cage, when the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face,
+wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great
+duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became
+dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he
+bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up.
+
+ANDROMACHE [_An. drom'. a. ky_], widow of Hector. At the downfall of
+Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king
+of Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled
+his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestês son of
+Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and
+put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's
+death. Pyrrhus told Andromachê that he would protect her son in
+defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she
+reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were
+going on, the ambassadors rushed on Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he
+fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became
+the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in
+flight.--Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712).
+
+ANDROMEDA, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease
+Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus
+slew the monster and made the maiden his wife.
+
+ANDRONI'CA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+beauty.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ANDRONI'CUS (_Titus_), a noble Roman general against the Goths,
+father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of
+Shakespeare, the word all through is called _Andron'icus_ (1593).
+
+_Marcus Andronicus_, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.
+
+ANDROPH'ILUS, Philanthropy personified in _The Purple Island_,
+by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek,
+_Andro-philos_, "a lover of mankind.")
+
+ANDY (_Handy_), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has
+boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.--Samuel Lover, _Handy
+Andy_.
+
+ANEAL (2 _syl_.), daughter of Maä'ni, who loves Djabal, and believes
+him to be "hakeem'" (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses)
+returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to
+Syria from exile in the Spo'radês. When, however, she discovers his
+imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment.--Robert
+Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
+
+_L'ange de Dieu_, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of
+the Camisards.
+
+ANGELA MESSENGER, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous
+fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among
+them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in
+part, builds _The People's Palace_--or Palace of Delights.--_All Sorts
+and Conditions of Men_, by Walter Besant (1889).
+
+ANGEL'ICA, in Bojardo's _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495), is daughter of
+Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in
+love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory.
+Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately
+loves Rinaldo, who positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink
+of certain fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their
+hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love
+for Rinaldo.
+
+_Angelica_, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516), is the same lady,
+who marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro
+succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy
+and pride.
+
+  The fairest of her sex, Angelica,
+  ...Sought by many prowest knights,
+  Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (1671).
+
+_Angelica (The Princess_), called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The
+loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the
+second part of _Parismus Prince of Bohemia_, by Emanuel Foord (1598).
+
+_Angelica_, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a
+time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but
+Angelica gets possession of a bond for £4000, and tears it. The money
+difficulty being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.--W.
+Congreve, _Love for Love_ (1695).
+
+Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and
+playful coquetry, in "Statira" or "Millamant;" and even at an advanced
+age, when she played "Angelica."--C. Dibden.
+
+_Angelica_, the troth-plight wife of Valère, "the gamester." She
+gives him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of
+forfeiting her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in
+disguise is the winner of it. After much tribulation, Valère is
+cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage.--Mrs.
+Centlivre, _The Gamester_ (1705).
+
+ANGELI'NA, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called _The Elder
+Brother_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).
+
+_Angelina_, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry
+Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a
+bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried
+to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search
+of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to
+Elvira of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of
+Angelina with Carlos.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
+
+Angelique' (3 _syl._), daughter of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. Her
+lover is Cléante (2 _syl._). In order to prove whether his wife or
+daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon
+the wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting
+creature," hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her
+heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed
+to devote the rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul.
+Argan, being assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to
+her marriage with Cléante.--Molière, _Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+_Angelique_, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French
+commoner. She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives
+to turn the tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a
+rendezvous from one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays
+the affair before M. and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The
+baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accusation,
+and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife
+and Clitandre together, and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville;
+but Angelique, aware of their presence, pretends to denounce her
+lover, and even takes up a stick to beat him for the "insult offered
+to a virtuous wife;" so again the parents declare their daughter to be
+the very paragon of women. Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and
+Clitandre together at night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife
+out of her room; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when
+George goes for a light to look for the body, she rushes into her room
+and shuts him out. At this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique
+accuses her husband of being out all night in a debauch; and he is
+made to beg her pardon on his knees.--Molière, _George Dandin_ (1668).
+
+AN'GELO, in _Measure for Measure_, lord deputy of Vienna in the
+absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord
+Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio,
+but his designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry
+Mariana.--Shakespeare (1603).
+
+_An'gelo_, a gentleman friend to Julio in _The Captain_, a drama by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1613).
+
+ANGELS (_Orders of_). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the
+angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the
+_first_ circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the _second_ circle;
+Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the
+_third_ circle.
+
+  Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet
+  esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos,
+  Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus,
+  Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.--St.
+  Gregory the Great, _Homily_ 34.
+
+(See _Hymns Ancient and Modern_, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.)
+
+ANGER ... THE ALPHABET. It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised
+Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to
+anger.
+
+  Un certain Grec disait à l'empereur Auguste,
+  Comme une instruction utile autant que juste,
+  Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colère nous met,
+  Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet,
+  Afin que dans ce temps la bile se tempère,
+  Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire.
+
+Molière, _L'École des Femmes_, ii. 4 (1662).
+
+ANGIOLI'NA (4 _syl_.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young wife of
+Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel Steno,
+having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the great
+civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by order
+of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against the
+dogaressa. This insult was referred to "The Forty," and Steno was
+sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a
+very inadequate punishment for the offence.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_.
+
+  The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina
+  is developed most admirably. The great
+  difference between her temper and that of her
+  fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less
+  vividly touched is that strong bond of union
+  which exists in the common nobleness of their
+  deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in
+  the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the
+  fervor of youthful passion in his young wife;
+  but he finds what is far better--the fearless confidence
+  of one so innocent that she can scarcely
+  believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks
+  Steno's greatest punishment will be "the blushes
+  of his privacy."--Lockhart.
+
+ANGLAN'TE'S LORD, Orlando, who was lord of Anglantê and knight of
+Brava.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AN'GLIDES (3 _syl_.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 _syl_.),
+brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever
+was born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son
+Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce (_i.e. Arundel_), where she
+lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor
+of knighthood.--Sir T. Malory, _Hist, of Pr. Arthur_, ii. 117, 118
+(1470).
+
+AN'GUISANT, king of Erin (_Ireland_), subdued by king Arthur fighting
+in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson,
+_Coming of King Arthur_.
+
+ANGULE (_St._), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus
+Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.
+
+  St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men,
+  At London, of that see the godly bishop then.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ANGURVA'DEL, Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters, which
+blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace.
+
+ANICE, the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart, from
+his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, _An Echo of Passion_
+(1882).
+
+ANIMULA, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a microscope
+of extraordinary and inconceivable power.--_The Diamond Lens_, by
+Fitz-James O'Brien (1854).
+
+ANJOU (_The Fair Maid of_), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married David
+earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a kinswoman
+of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen Berengaria.
+
+[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in _The
+Talisman_ (1825).
+
+ANN (_The princess_), lady of Beaujeu.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Ann_ (_The Lady_), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, _The Lady
+Ann_, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband
+(1868).
+
+ANNA (_Donna_), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by don
+Giovanni.--Mozart's opera, _Don Giovanni_ (1787).
+
+AN'NABEL, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by
+
+Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott
+(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her
+faithless husband.
+
+  With secret joy indulgent David [_Charles II_.]
+  viewed
+  His youthful image in his son renewed;
+  To all his wishes nothing he denied,
+  And made the charming Annabel his bride.
+  Part i.
+
+ANNABEL LEE. Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be
+a loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of
+consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847.
+
+  The angels, not half so happy in heaven
+  Went envying her and me;
+  Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,
+  In this kingdom by the sea)
+  That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
+  Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.)
+
+ANNA PASTORIUS, wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, _The
+Pennsylvania Pilgrim_. At his cry "Help! for the good man faileth!"
+she points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as "the
+century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom," love and patience will soon
+or late conquer wrong (1872).
+
+AN'NAPLE [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's "monthly" nurse.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_An'naple_, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young
+farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+ANNE (_Sister_), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife of
+Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the
+locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister
+Anne ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing
+her brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her
+agony, keeps asking "sister Anne" if she can see them, and Blue Beard
+keeps crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience
+of both is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from
+death.--Charles Perrault, _La Barbe Bleue_.
+
+_Anne_, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon,
+and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorloïs. She was given by her brother
+in marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of
+Norway.--Geoffrey, _British History_, viii. 20, 21.
+
+[Illustration] In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse
+(_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent
+(_Gareth and Lynette_). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king
+of Orkney.
+
+ANNE CATHERICK, half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura Fairlie,
+to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance suggests to
+the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead body as that
+of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the latter.--_The
+Woman in White_, by Wilkie Collins (1865).
+
+ANNE DOUGLAS, heroine of _Anne_, a novel by Constance Fenimore Woolson
+(1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich.
+
+ANNETTE, daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian,
+captain of the patrol.--J.E. Ware, _The Polish Jew_.
+
+ANNETTE AND LUBLIN, by Marmontel, imitated from the _Daphnis and
+Chloe_ of Longos (_q.v._).
+
+ANNIE KILBURN, the conscientious heiress who returns to a New England
+homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her duty in
+the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale, pretty,
+and not youthful except in heart.--_Annie Kilburn_, by William Dean
+Howells (1888).
+
+AN'NIE LAU'RIE, eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Laurie, of
+Maxwelton. In 1709 she married James Fergusson, of Craigdarroch, and
+was the mother of Alexander Fergusson, the hero of Burns's song _The
+Whistle_. The song of _Annie Laurie_ was written by William Douglas,
+of Fingland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song
+_Willie was a Wanton Wag_. (See WHISTLE.)
+
+Bayard Taylor has used the ballad with thrilling effect in his poem
+_The Song of the Camp_.
+
+  They sang of love, and not of fame,
+  Forgot was Britain's glory,
+  Each heart recalled a different name,
+  But all sang "Annie Laurie."
+  Voice after voice caught up the song
+  Until its tender passion
+  Rose, like an anthem, rich and strong,
+  Their battle-eve confession.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Dear girl! her name he dared not speak,
+  But as the song grew louder,
+  Something upon the soldier's cheek
+  Washed off the stain of powder.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN'NIE WIN'NIE, one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death; the other
+was Ailsie Gourlay.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+ANNIR, king of Inis-thona (an island of Scandinavia). He had two sons
+(Argon and Ruro) and one daughter. One day Cor'malo, a neighboring
+chief, came and begged the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the
+request, and overthrew him, which so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt
+he shot both the brothers secretly with his bow. Their dog Runa ran
+to the palace, and howled so as to attract attention; whereupon Annir
+followed the hound, and found both his sons dead, and on his return he
+further found that Cormalo had carried off his daughter. Oscar, son of
+Ossian, led an army against the villain, and slew him; then liberating
+the young lady, he took her back to Inis-thona, and delivered her to
+her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of Inis-thona").
+
+AN'NOPHEL, daughter of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of
+Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ANSELM, prior of St. Dominic, the confessor of king Henry IV.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ANSELME (2 _syl_.), father of Valère (2 _syl_.) and Mariane (3
+_syl_.). In reality he is don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. The family
+were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked
+were all parted. Valère was picked up by a Spanish captain, who
+adopted him; Mariane fell into the hands of a corsair, who kept her
+a captive for ten years, when she effected her escape; and Anselme
+wandered from place to place for ten years, when he settled in Paris,
+and intended to marry. At the expiration of sixteen years they all met
+in Paris at the house of Har'pagon, the miser. Valère was in love
+with Elise (2 _syl_.), the miser's daughter, promised by Harpagon in
+marriage to Anselme; and Mariane, affianced to the miser's son Cléante
+(2 _syl_.), was sought in marriage by Harpagon, the old father. As
+soon as Anselme discovered that Valère and Mariane were his own
+children, matters were soon amicably arranged, the young people
+married, and the old ones retired from the unequal contest.--Molière,
+_L'Avare_ (1667).
+
+ANSELMO, a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Lothario. Anselmo
+married Camilla, and induced his friend to try to corrupt her, that
+he might rejoice in her incorruptible fidelity. Lothario unwillingly
+undertook the task, and succeeded but too well. For a time Anselmo
+was deceived, but at length Camilla eloped, and the end of the silly
+affair was that Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle,
+and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6;
+_Fatal Curiosity_ (1605).
+
+AN'STER (_Hob_), a constable at Kinross village.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+ANSTISS DOLBEARE, heroine of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney's novel, _Hitherto_,
+a sensitive, imaginative, morbid, motherless girl who is "all the time
+holding up her soul ... with a thorn in it" (1872).
+
+ANTAE'OS, a gigantic wrestler of Libya (or _Irassa_). His strength was
+inexhaustible so long as he touched the earth, and was renewed every
+time he did touch it. Her'culés killed him by lifting him up from the
+earth and squeezing him to death. (See MALEGER.)
+
+  As when earth's son Antaeus ... in Irassa strove
+  With Jove's Alcidês, and oft foiled, still rose,
+  Receiving from his mother earth new strength,
+  Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined,
+  Throttled at length in the air, expired and fell.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iv. (563).
+
+[Illustration] Similarly, when Bernardo del Carpio assailed Orlando or
+Rolando at Roncesvallês, as he found his body was not to be pierced by
+any instrument of war, he took him up in his arms and squeezed him to
+death.
+
+N.B.--The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot.
+
+ANTE'NOR, a traitorous Trojan prince, related to Priam. He advised
+Ulyssês to carry away the palladium from Troy, and when the wooden
+horse was built it was Antenor who urged the Trojans to make a breach
+in the wall and drag the horse into the city.--Shakespeare has
+introduced him in _Troilus and Cressida_ (1602).
+
+ANTHEA, beautiful woman to whom Herrick addresses several poems.
+
+ANTHI'A, the lady beloved by Abroc'omas in the Greek romance called
+_De Amoribus Anthiae et Abrocomae_, by Xenophon of Ephesus, who lived
+in the fourth Christian century. (This is not Xenophon the historian,
+who lived B.C. 444-359.)
+
+ANTHONIO, "the merchant of Venice," in Shakespeare's drama so called
+(1598). Anthonio borrows of Shylock, a Jew, 3000 ducats for three
+months, to lend to his friend Bassanio. The conditions of the loan
+were these: if the money was paid within the time, only the principal
+should be returned; but if not, the Jew should be allowed to cut from
+Anthonio's body "a pound of flesh." As the ships of Anthonio were
+delayed by contrary winds, he was unable to pay within the three
+months, and Shylock demanded the forfeiture according to the bond.
+Portia, in the dress of a law-doctor, conducted the case, and when the
+Jew was about to cut the flesh, stopped him, saying--(1) the bond gave
+him no drop of blood; and (2) he must take neither more nor less than
+an exact pound. If he shed one drop of blood or if he cut more or
+less than an exact pound, his life would be forfeit. As it was quite
+impossible to comply with these restrictions, the Jew was nonsuited,
+and had to pay a heavy fine for seeking the life of a citizen.
+
+_Antho'nio_, the ursuping duke of Milan, and brother of Pros'pero (the
+rightful duke, and father of Miranda).--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_
+(1609).
+
+_Antho'nio_, father of Protheus, and suitor of Julia.--Shakespeare,
+_The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).
+
+AN'THONY, an English archer in the cottage of farmer Dickson, of
+Douglasdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+_An'thony_, the old postillion at Meg Dods's, the landlady of the inn
+at St. Ronan's Well.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+ANTID'IUS, bishop of Jaen, martyred by the Vandals in 411. One day,
+seeing the devil writing in his pocket-book some sin committed by the
+pope, he jumped upon his back and commanded his Satanic majesty to
+carry him to Rome. The devil tried to make the bishop pronounce the
+name of Jesus, which would break the spell, and then the devil would
+have tossed his unwelcome burden into the sea, but the bishop only
+cried, "Gee up, devil!" and when he reached Rome he was covered with
+Alpine snow. The chronicler naïvely adds, "the hat is still shown at
+Rome in confirmation of this miracle."--_General Chronicle of King
+Alphonso the Wise_.
+
+ANTIG'ONE (4 _syl._), daughter of Oe'dipos and Jocas'tê, a noble
+maiden, with a truly heroic attachment to her father and brothers.
+When Oedipos had blinded himself, and was obliged to quit Thebes,
+Antigonê accompanied him, and remained with him till his death, when
+she returned to Thebes. Creon, the king, had forbidden any one to bury
+Polyni'cês, her brother, who had been slain by his elder brother in
+battle; but Antigonê, in defiance of this prohibition, buried the dead
+body, and Creon shut her up in a vault under ground, where she killed
+herself. Haemon, her lover, killed himself also by her side. Sophoclês
+has a Greek tragedy on the subject, and it has been dramatized for the
+English stage.
+
+_The Modern Antigonê_, Mariè Therèse Charlotte duchesse d'Angouleme,
+daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette (1778-1851).
+
+ANTIG'ONUS, a Sicilian lord, commanded by king Leontês to take his
+infant daughter to a desert shore and leave her to perish. Antigonus
+was driven by a storm to the coast of Bohemia, where he left the
+babe; but on his way back to the ship, he was torn to pieces by a
+bear.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+_Antig'onus (King)_, an old man with a young man's amorous passions.
+He is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of
+Alexander the Great.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_
+(1647).
+
+ANTIN'OUS (4 _syl_.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted for
+his beauty.
+
+_Antin'ous_ (4 _syl_.), son of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of Candy,
+and brother of An'no-phel, in _The Laws of Candy_ a drama by Beaumont
+and Fletcher (1647).
+
+ANTI'OCHUS, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'iclês
+prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.--Shakespeare,
+_Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+ANTI'OPE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 _syl_.), for whom
+Telem'achus had a _tendresse_. Mentor approved his choice, and assured
+Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms
+were "the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence,
+and her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some
+other useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household
+affairs, her contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own
+beauty," Telemachus says, "She encourages to industry by her example,
+sweetens labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of
+painters in the elegance of her embroidery."--Fénelon, _Télémaque_,
+xxii. (1700).
+
+He [_Paul_] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope
+with the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.--Bernardin de St.
+Pierre, _Paul and Virginia_ (1788).
+
+ANTIPH'OLUS, the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on, a
+merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy,
+and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to
+Syracuse, and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service
+of the duke, and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life,
+became a great man and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going
+in search of his brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders
+occurs from the wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their
+two servants called Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the
+Ephesian is taken up as a madman. It so happened that both brothers
+appeared before the duke at the same time; and the extraordinary
+likeness being seen by all, the cause of the blunders was evident,
+and everything was satisfactorily explained.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of
+Errors_ (1593).
+
+ANTON (_Sir_). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an infant,
+to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up as
+their own son. This does not correspond with the _History of Prince
+Arthur_, which states that he was committed to the care of sir Ector
+and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called the
+prince's foster-brother. The _History_ furthermore states that Arthur
+made sir Key his seneschal _because_ he was his foster-brother.
+
+  So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he
+  bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy
+  man christen him, and named him "Arthur."
+  And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her
+  own breast.--Part i. 3.
+
+  So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him
+  rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that
+  was his nourished brother.--Ditto.
+
+  "Sir," said sir Ector, "I will ask no more of
+  you but that you will make my son, sir Key,
+  your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands."
+  "That shall be done," said Arthur (ch. 4).--Sir
+  T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).
+
+_Anton_, one of Henry Smith's men in _The Fair Maid of Perth_, by sir
+W. Scott (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ANTO'NIO, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola,
+when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_
+(1614).
+
+_Anto'nio_, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W.
+Scott's _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Anto'nio_, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor
+of Bologna.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (a comedy, before
+1621).
+
+_Antonio (Don)_, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb;
+a testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his
+birthright in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends
+Angelina to be married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and
+elopes with Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth
+to Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
+
+_Antonio (Don)_, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of
+Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_
+(1778).
+
+ANTONOMAS'IA _(The princess_), daughter of Archipiela, king of
+Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant
+Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey,
+and her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote
+mounted the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the
+lady and her husband, and this he effected "simply by making the
+attempt."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+ANTONY _(Saint)_ lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in
+Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils.
+
+  Old St. Antonius from the hell
+  Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends
+  In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque
+  Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene,
+  Crowd in broad day before his open eyes.
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xvi. (1814).
+
+AN'TONY AND CÆSAR. Macbeth says that "under Banquo his own genius was
+rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by Cæsar" (act
+iii. sc. 1), and in _Antony and Cleopatra_ this passage is elucidated
+thus--
+
+  Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is
+  Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable,
+  Where Cæsar's is not; but near him thy angel
+  Becomes a fear, as being overpowered.
+
+  Act ii. sc. 3.
+
+ANVIL (_The Literary_). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the
+hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.
+
+AODH, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island
+south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having
+landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in
+chains of iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the
+"treasures were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which
+not only released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the
+statue of St. Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death.
+After this the "saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together,
+and went to Ireland.--Campbell, _Reullura_.
+
+APE (1 _syl._), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of
+_Vanity Fair_. Dr. Johnson says "_to ape_ is to imitate ludicrously;"
+whence the adoption of the name.
+
+APEL'LES AND THE COBBLER. A cobbler found fault with the shoe-latchet
+of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the fault. The
+cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to criticise the
+legs; but Apelles said, _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ ("Let not the
+cobbler go beyond his last").
+
+Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where
+Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art.
+"Romance."
+
+_Apelles_. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea
+(hung by Augustus in the temple of Julius Cæsar) was greatly injured
+by time, Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus
+by Apelles is called "Venus Anadyom'-enê," his model (according to
+tradition) being Campaspê (afterwards his wife).
+
+APEMAN'TUS, a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men
+systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when
+Timon attacked him with his own weapons.--Shakespeare, _Timon of
+Athens_ (1600).
+
+Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus,
+contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+APIC'IUS, an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on the
+ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent £800,000 in supplying
+the delicacies of the table, and having only £80,000 left, he hanged
+himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched
+pittance. _Apicia_, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and
+sauces, and his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.
+
+There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a
+cooking book and manual of sauces.
+
+No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and
+Apicius would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight
+whole boars for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have
+done.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_, i. 1 (1780).
+
+APOLLO, son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. He
+is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom
+and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of
+poetry, music, etc.
+
+_The Apollo Belvidere_, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere
+gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium,
+and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of
+Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.
+
+_The Apollo of Actium_ was a gigantic statue, which served for a
+beacon.
+
+_The Apollo of Rhodes_, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic
+bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Charês, a pupil of Lysippus, and
+set up B.C. 300.
+
+_Animals consecrated to Apollo_, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper,
+the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.
+
+APOLL'YON, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his
+_Pilgrim's Progress_. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a
+severe contest, he is foiled (1678).
+
+APOSTLE _or Patron Saint of_--
+
+  ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
+  ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829).
+  ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20.
+  ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730).
+  ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331).
+  CAGLIARI (_Sardinia_), St. Efisio.
+  CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14.
+  ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290).
+  ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
+  FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8.
+  FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865).
+  FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9.
+  FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738).
+  GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397).
+  GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25.
+  GEORGIA, St. Nino.
+  GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5.
+  HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9.
+  HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22.
+  INDIANS, Bartolomé de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690).
+  INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3.
+  INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778).
+  IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17.
+  LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826).
+  LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29.
+  NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679).
+  NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).
+
+Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve
+(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his
+missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian.
+Scottish Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity
+is) Cerês. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain,
+St. James the Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father
+Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew
+Justiniani. St. Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales,
+St. David (480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus,
+bishop of York (597-644).
+
+APOSTOLIC FATHERS (_The Five_): Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas,
+Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contemporary with the Apostles.
+
+AP'PETIZER. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks
+were admirable appetizers, ate six of them, and then complained "he
+was no hungrier than he was before."
+
+AQUARIUS, SAGITTARIUS. Mrs. Browning says that "Aquarius" is a symbol
+of man _bearing_, and "Sagittarius" of man _combatting_. The passive
+and active forms of human labor.
+
+  _Eve_. Two phantasms of two men.
+  _Adam_. One that sustains,
+  And one that strives, so the ends
+  Of manhood's curse of labor.
+
+E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1851).
+
+A'QUILANT, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in Charlemagne's
+army. He was called "_black_," and his brother Gryphon "_white_" from
+the color of their armor.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+A'QUILINE (3 _syl_.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the
+wind.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, vii. (1575).
+
+(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with
+open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth
+prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the
+wondrous offspring."--See also Virgil, _Georgics_, in. 266-283.)
+
+AQUIN'IAN SAGE. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num,
+in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).
+
+ARABEL'LA, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel
+Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she
+confers both with right good will on captain Manly.--T. Knight, _The
+Honest Thieves_.
+
+ARA'BIA FE'LIX ("_Araby the blest_"). This name is a blunder made by
+British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India
+bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.
+
+ARA'BIAN BIRD (_The_), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one _sui
+generis_.
+
+  O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!
+
+Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act iii. sc. 2.
+
+ARACH'NE (3 _syl_.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachnê's labors," spinning
+or weaving. Arachnê was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to
+compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a
+spider.
+
+  No orifice for a point
+  As subtle as Arachnê's broken woof
+  To enter.
+
+Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act v. sc. 2 (1602).
+
+ARAGNOL, the son of Arachnê (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen,"
+turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to a contest
+in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against
+prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a curious
+net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound
+by piercing him under the left wing.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or The
+Butterfly's Fate_ (1590).
+
+ARAMIN'TA, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of
+Gripe the scrivener).--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+ARANZA (_The duke of_). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of
+Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after
+the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and
+pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives
+his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but
+firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke
+sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and
+reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of
+Aranza.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
+
+AR'APHIL or AR'APHILL, the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. His
+lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.
+
+ARAS'PES (3 _syl_.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARBA'CES (3 _syl_.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called _A King or
+no King_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
+
+ARBATE (2 _syl_.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Molière's
+comedy _La Princesse d'Elide_ (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince
+of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis
+XIV., then 26 years of age.
+
+  Je dirai que l'amour sied bien à vos pareil ...
+  Et qu'il est malaisé que, sans etre amoureux
+  Un jeune prince soit et grand et généreux.
+
+  Act i. 1.
+
+_Arbate_, in Racine's drama of _Mithridate_ (1673).
+
+AR'BITER EL'IGANTIÆ. C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief
+of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was
+considered _comme il faut_ till it had received the sanction of this
+Roman _beau Brummel_.
+
+  Behold the new Petronius of the day,
+  The arbiter of pleasure and of play.
+
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scottish Reviewers_.
+
+ARBRE SOL foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of
+Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of
+Alexander.
+
+ARBUTUS, sturdy yeoman usually known as "Bute," in Bayard Taylor's
+novel _Hannah Thurston._ Rugged and sound as the New England granite
+underlying the farm he tills.
+
+ARC _(Joan of)_, or _Jeanne la Pucelle_, the "Maid of Orleans,"
+daughter of a rustic of Domrémy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was
+servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France
+from the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was
+sent by him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in
+so doing. Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an
+elegy on her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire
+a burlesque.
+
+In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepière, in his _Doute
+Historique_, denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at
+Rouen; and Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract
+of marriage between" Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc,
+surnamed "The Maid of Orleans."
+
+AR'CADES AMBO, both fools alike; both "sweet innocents;" both alike
+eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis
+(Virgil's _Eclogue_, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application
+of the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of
+their youth," and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for
+song or capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least
+intellectual part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce,
+and hence "Arcades ambo" received its present acceptation.
+
+ARCALA'US (4 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a
+pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his
+horse's bridle.--_Amadis de Gaul_ (fifteenth century).
+
+ARCA'NES (3 _syl_.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.)
+general of Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ARCHAN'GEL. Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the
+archangel that did battle with the devil."
+
+ARCHAS, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and general
+of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore.
+
+_Young Archas_, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes
+the name of Alinda.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_
+(1618).
+
+ARCHBSH'OP OF GRANA'DA told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired
+him,
+
+"Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius
+flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own
+judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy,
+Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace
+that "his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former
+ones." To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make
+proper distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better
+homily than that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to
+give you 100 ducats. Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of
+prosperity, with a little more taste."--Le-sage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 3
+(1715).
+
+AR'CHER (_Francis_), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in
+fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell
+marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the
+deeds and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman,
+who takes his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.--George
+Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707).
+
+ARCHIBALD (_John_), attendant on the duke of Argyle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+ARCHIMA'GO, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father of
+lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, he
+deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight
+himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's
+_Faëry Queen._ The poet says:
+
+  ... he could take
+  As many forms and shapes in seeming wise
+  As ever Proteus to himself could make:
+  Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake,
+  Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell.
+
+Spenser, _The Faëry Queen_, I. ii. 10 (1590).
+
+ARCHIMEDES, Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other great
+scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an
+abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he
+leaped out of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting,
+"_Eureka!_"
+
+AR'CHY M'SAR'CASM _(Sir)_, "a proud Caledonian knight, whose tongue,
+like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His insolence
+of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of every
+one" (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, "In the house of M'Sarcasm are
+two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two dukes,
+besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning" (i. 1). He makes love
+to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has lost
+her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters "frae
+the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ...
+expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi'
+onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house" (ii. 1).
+
+The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His
+abominable Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff,
+the roll of his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman
+laugh, his tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether--why, one
+might take him for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.--C. Macklin,
+_Love à-la-mode_, i. 1 (1779).
+
+_Sir Archy's Great-grandmother._ Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on
+fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The
+Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an ootcast,
+a mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus
+O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with
+his own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause
+of the contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, "Madam, it is
+about sir Archy's great-grandmother."--C. Macklin, _Love à-la-mode_,
+i. I (1779).
+
+We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's
+great-grandmother.--Maepherson, _Dissertation upon Ossian_.
+
+ARCHY'TAS of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and
+Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from
+Koenigsberg to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned
+whence it set out (1436-1476).
+
+This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which
+Archytas made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.--Dr.
+John Wilkins (1614-1672).
+
+AR'CITE (2 _syl_.) AND PAL'AMON, two Theban knights, captives of
+duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's
+sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell
+in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended
+for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being
+thrown from his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of
+Palamon.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).
+
+Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled _Palamon and
+Arcite_.
+
+AR'DEN _(Enoch)_, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a
+seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence
+of several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her
+both happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic
+peace, so leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart.
+
+AR'DEN OF FEV'ERSLIAM, a noble character, honorable, forgiving,
+affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him
+her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she
+will never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise
+when she plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned
+street-scuffle, Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws
+him off his guard. Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to
+his house, but Mosby conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his
+host during a game of draughts, the right moment being signified by
+Mosby's saying, "Now I take you." Arden is murdered; but the whole
+gang is apprehended and brought to justice.
+
+(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig
+Tieck has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of
+Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb
+gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is
+unknown.)
+
+AREOUS'KI, the Indian war-god, war, tumult.
+
+A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, i,
+16 (1809).
+
+ARETHU'SA, daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called
+_Philaster_ or _Love Lies a-bleeding_, by Beaumont and Fletcher
+(1638).
+
+_Arethusa_, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into
+a fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued
+her, and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, "like friends
+once parted grown single-hearted," they leap and flow and slumber
+together, "like spirits that love but live no more."
+
+[Illustration] This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by
+Percy B. Shelley (_Arethusa_, 1820).
+
+ARGALI'A, brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AR'GAN, the _malade imaginaire_ and father of Angelique. He is
+introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he
+cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices
+that he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is
+not so well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a
+young doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that
+Argan himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies
+he has not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is
+overruled by investing the "malade" in a doctor's cap and robe. The
+piece concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin.
+
+[Illustration] When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he
+ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, "Six, huit, dix, etc.,
+par les nombres pairs, comme dans les médicaments par les nombres
+impairs."--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_, ii. 9 (1673).
+
+ARGAN'TE (3 _syl_.), a giantess called "the very monster and miracle
+of lust." She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were the
+children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argantè used to carry off young
+men as her captives, and seized "the Squire of Dames" as one of
+her victims. The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of
+chastity), was delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 _syl_.).--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, iii. 7 (1590).
+
+_Argante_' (2 _syl_.), father of Octave (2 _syl_.) and Zerbinette (3
+_syl_.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2
+_syl_.), the son of his friend Géronte (2 _syl_.); but during his
+absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their
+respective fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the
+engagement, but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that
+the choice of the young people has unknowingly coincided with their
+own.--Molière, _Les Fourteries de Scapin_ (1671).
+
+(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called
+it _The Cheats of Scapin_. "Argante" he calls _Thrifty_; "Géronte" is
+_Gripe_; "Zerbinette" he calls _Lucia_; and "Leandre" he Anglicizes
+into _Leander_.)
+
+ARGAN'TES (3 _syl_.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted courage,
+but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argantês and Solyman
+were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. Argantês
+was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_ (1575).
+
+Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantês of Italy's
+heroic poet.--Sir Walter Scott.
+
+AR'GENIS, a political romance by Barclay (1621).
+
+AR'GENTILE (3 _syl_.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of Edel.
+Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in her
+house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. Edel,
+the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to flight,
+and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed and won
+her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and
+Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to
+death.--William Warner, _Albion's England_ (1586).
+
+AR'GENTIN _(Le sieur d_'), one of the officers of the duke of
+Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geiersiein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARGE'O, baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See _Dictionary of
+Phrase and Fable_.)--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ARGES'TES (3 _syl_.), the west wind.
+
+  Wingèd Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne,
+  Licensed that day to leave his dungeon,
+  Meekly attended.
+
+Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
+
+_Arges'tes_ (3 _syl_.), the north-east wind; Cæ'cias, the north-west;
+Bo'reas, the full north.
+
+  Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud
+  ... rend the woods, and seas upturn.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665).
+
+AR'GILLAN, a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the
+Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his
+escape, but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_, viii. ix. (1575).
+
+ARGON AND RURO, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an island
+of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the island, and
+asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the request, and
+overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he shot
+both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the hall,
+howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound,
+found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo
+had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in
+fight, and restored the daughter to her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of
+Inis-thona").
+
+ARGONAUTS, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of the
+golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their leader.
+
+_Argonauts (The)_. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought
+gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme
+of tales and ballads of the "Forty-niners."
+
+AR'GUS, the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871.
+
+ARGYLE _(Mac Callum More, duke of_), in the reign of George I.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (1818).
+
+_Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle_, in the reign of Charles I.,
+was commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called "Gillespie
+Grumach;" he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch
+Campbell.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (1819).
+
+(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the _Heart of
+Midlothian_, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.)
+
+ARIAD'NE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave Theseus
+a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. Theseus
+married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos _(Dia)_ forsook
+her, and she hung herself.
+
+Surely it is an Ariadnê.... There is dawning womanhood in every line;
+but she knows nothing of Naxos.--Ouidà, _Ariadnê_, i. 1.
+
+AR'IBERT, king of the Lombards (653-661), left "no male pledge
+behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke
+Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter
+of As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not
+known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+ARIDEUS _[A.ree'.de.us]_, a herald in the Christian army.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+A'RIEL, in _The Tempest_, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape,
+or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax,
+mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment
+for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve
+years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture
+him with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of
+Miranda, liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit
+served the duke for sixteen years, when he was set free.
+
+  And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree,
+  For its freedom groans and sighs.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_.
+
+_A'riel_, the sylph in Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. The impersonation
+of "fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and
+necklaces. When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over
+the fumes of the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with
+pomatums, or wedged in the eyes of bodkins.
+
+_A'riel_, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God."
+Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_,
+vi. 371 (1665).
+
+ARIELLA, an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his wife,
+in _Come Forth_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. Her
+name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for
+nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891).
+
+ARIMAN'ES (4 _syl_.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced by
+Byron in his drama called _Manfred_. The Persians recognized a power
+of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman
+(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at
+war with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and
+enclosed them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanês; but
+Arimanês pierced the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good.
+However, a time will come when Arimanês shall be subjected, and the
+earth will become a perfect paradise.
+
+ARIMAS'PIANS, a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair
+with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were
+perpetual contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See
+GRYPHON.)
+
+  Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte
+  media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse
+  circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere,
+  quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis
+  aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus,
+  et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime
+  illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.--Pliny,
+  _Nat. Hist._ vii. 2.
+
+AR'IOCH ("_a fierce lion_"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by
+Abdiel.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, vi. 371 (1665).
+
+ARIODAN'TES (5 _syl_.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess.
+Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantês stood forth her
+champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ARI'ON. William Falconer, author of _The Shipwreck_, speaks of himself
+under this _nom de plume_ (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a lad,
+and says he was eager to investigate the "antiquities of foreign
+states." He was junior officer in the _Britannia_, which was wrecked
+against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point
+of Attica, and was the only officer who survived.
+
+  Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale
+  O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail.
+  Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Ari'on_, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his
+wealth, threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tæ'naros on the
+back of a dolphin.
+
+_Ari'on_, the wonderful horse which Herculês gave to Adrastos. It had
+the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet
+of a man.
+
+(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_ is called "Arion.")
+
+ARIO'STO OF THE NORTH, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).
+
+  And, like the Ariosto of the North,
+  Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth.
+
+Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 40.
+
+ARISTÆ'US, protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He
+instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his
+mother Cyrenê.
+
+  In such a palace Aristæus found
+  Cyrenê, when he bore the plaintive tale
+  Of his lost bees to her maternal ear.
+  Cowper, _The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia_.
+
+ARISTAR'CHUS, any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the greatest
+critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the _Iliad_
+and _Odyssey_ of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books each,
+marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he considered
+especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died aged 72.)
+
+The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There,
+sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at
+pleasure.--Samuel Foote, _The Liar_, i. 1.
+
+"How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [_the homily_] met
+with any Aristarchus [_severe critic_]?"--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 4
+(1715).
+
+ARISTE (2 _syl_.), brother of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), not a _savant_,
+but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly
+niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 _syl_.) and her
+daughter Armande (2 _syl_.), who _femmes savantes_.--Molière, _Les
+Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+ARISTE'AS, a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately
+for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the
+earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.--_Greek
+Legend_.
+
+ARISTI'DES (_The British_), Andrew Marvell, an influential member of
+the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every
+offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord
+treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristidês, at
+the public expense (1620-1678).
+
+ARISTIP'POS, a Greek philosopher of Cyre'nê, who studied under
+Soc'ratês, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called
+"he'donism" (_[Greek: aedonae]_ "pleasure").
+
+[Illustration] C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called
+_Aristippus_, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this
+Cyrenian (1733-1813).
+
+An axiom of Aristippos was _Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status,
+et res_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was _Mihi
+res, non me rebus subjungere_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. I, 18).
+
+I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to
+company and solitude, to affluence and frugality.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_,
+v. 12 (1715).
+
+ARISTOBU'LUS, called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (_Rom._ xvi. 10), and
+said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of
+salvation." He was murdered by the Britons.
+
+  The first that ever told Christ crucified to us,
+  By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ...
+  By the Britons murdered was.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ARISTOM'ENES (5 _syl_.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the
+"Cid" of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night
+to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were
+inscribed these words: "Aristomenês from the Spartan spoils dedicates
+this to the goddess."
+
+[Illustration] A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar,
+when serving under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With
+fifteen companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors,
+and nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a
+tablet inscribed "Ave Maria!" then galloped back, before the guards
+recovered from their amazement.--Washington Irving, _Conquest of
+Granada_, 91.
+
+ARISTOPH'ANES (5 _syl_.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies,
+eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is
+called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menander "The Prince of New
+Comedy" (B.C. 342-291).
+
+_The English_ or _Modern Aristophanes_, Samuel Foote (1722-1777).
+
+_The French Aristophanes_, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Molière
+(1622-1673).
+
+ARISTOTLE. The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato,
+Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium.
+
+_Aristotle of China_, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince
+of Science."
+
+_Aristotle of Christianity_, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the
+doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulæ (1224-1274).
+
+_Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century_, George Cuvier, the naturalist
+(1769-1832).
+
+AR'ISTOTLE IN LOVE. Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that
+Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to
+listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being
+readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then,
+putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him
+about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was
+quite cured of his foolish attachment.--Stephen Hawes, _The Pastime of
+Plesure_, xxix. (1555).
+
+ARMADALE (_Allan_), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and
+ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first
+to Miss Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her
+governess, again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.--Wilkie
+Collins, _Armadale_.
+
+ARMADO (_Don Adriano de_), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called "a
+refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had
+a mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain
+tongue did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of
+Navarre, when he resolved to spend three years in study with three
+companions, to relate in the interim of his studies "in high-born
+words the worth of many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's
+debate."
+
+His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his
+eye ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain,
+ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his
+verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.--Shakespeare, _Love's
+Labor's Lost_, act v. sc. 1 (1594).
+
+ARMANDE (2 _syl_.), daughter of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), and sister of
+Henriette. Armande is a _femme savante_, and Henriette a "thorough
+woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while
+Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the
+younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries
+her.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+ARMI'DA, a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from
+the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid
+palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual
+joys. Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from
+Armida; but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back
+again, sets fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight,
+and is slain.
+
+  [Julia's] small hand
+  Withdrew itself from his, but left behind
+  A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand
+  Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art,
+  Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 71.
+
+When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in
+military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the
+latter wittily said, "She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to
+her own palace."
+
+(Both Glück and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject
+of an opera.)
+
+_Armida's Girdle_. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, "in price
+and beauty," surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of
+Venus was less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be
+loved, she wore the same."--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARM'STRONG (_John_), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of
+Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley
+of Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the
+English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Laird's Jock_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Armstrong (Grace)_, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the
+heugh-foot, a young farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time,
+Anne).
+
+_Armstrong (Archie)_, court jester to James I., introduced in _The
+Fortunes of Nigel_, by Sir Walter Scott (1822).
+
+AR'NAUT, an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man."
+
+Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, _The Giaour_, 526.
+
+ARNHEIM (2 _syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein's
+grandfather.
+
+_Sibilla of Arnheim_, Anne's mother.
+
+_The baroness of Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of
+Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARNOLD, the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness.
+Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger
+accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes
+best. He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he
+joins the besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters
+St. Peter's of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud
+beauty, to prevent being taken captive by him, flings herself from the
+high altar on the pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As
+the drama was never completed, the sequel is not known.--Byron, _The
+Deformed Transformed_.
+
+_Ar'nold_, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+_Ar'nold_ of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called
+"Ginks."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar's Bush_ (1622).
+
+ARNOLD BRINKWORTH, frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and
+betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who
+has betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he
+is the bearer of a message to her from _Geoffrey Delamayne_, and
+is mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself
+married by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.--Wilkie
+Collins, _Man and Wife_.
+
+ARNOL'DO, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of
+Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 _syl._), sister of
+Gessler, the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of
+Gessler drove the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents,
+but after the death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had
+saved when it was imperilled by an avalanche.--Rossini, _Guglielmo
+Tell_ (1829).
+
+_Arnol'do_, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady,
+dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+AR'NOLPHE (2 _syl._), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the
+proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on
+Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to
+make his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in
+a country convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of
+society are wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes
+treats men like school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them,
+and plays with them. Being told by her guardian that married women
+have more freedom than maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a
+young man named Horace falls in love with her, and makes her his
+wife, so Arnolphe, after all, profits nothing by his pains.--Molière,
+_L'École des Femmes_ (1662).
+
+  Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique
+  Je le fis élever selon ma politique
+  C'est-à-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit
+  Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit.
+  Act i. I.
+
+AR'NOT (_Andrew_), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic
+Lesly].--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARON'TEUS (4 _syl._), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARPA'SIA, the betrothed of Mone'sês, a Greek, but made by constraint
+the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded Monesês
+to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her into
+subjection, but she died at the sight.--N. Eowe, _Tamerlane_ (1702).
+
+AR'ROT, the weasel in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+ARROW-HEAD, Indian warrior in Cooper's _Pathfinder_, the husband of
+Dew-in-June (1840).
+
+ARROW-MAKER, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's _Hiawatha_ (1855).
+
+AR'SACES (3 _syl._), the patronymic name of the Persian kings,
+from Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some
+distinctive name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name
+of Cæsar to their own.
+
+  Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt
+  ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine
+  nuncupent.--Justin, _Historiarae Philippicae_, xli.
+
+ARSE'TES (3 _syl._), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and
+attended on her.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARSINOË, prude in Molière's comedy _Le Misanthrope_.
+
+AR'TAMENES (3 _syl_.) or LE GRAND CYRUS, a "long-winded romance," by
+Mdlle. Scudéri (1607-1701).
+
+ARTAXAM'INOUS, king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he wishes
+to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to general
+Bombastês, and when the general finds that his "fond one" prefers
+"half a crown" to himself, he hates all the world, and challenges the
+whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and daring any one
+to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the challenge,
+and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastês falls on his majesty, and
+"kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, at the close
+of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the audience
+likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_.
+
+AR'TEGAL OR ARTHEGAL (_Sir_), son of Gorloïs prince of Cornwall,
+stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland.
+Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with
+him. She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from
+whom (through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The
+wanderings of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation
+of chastity, is the subject of bk. iii. of the _Faëry Queen_; and the
+achievements of sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the
+subject of bk. v.
+
+Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living
+woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment
+respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to
+destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third
+was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3).
+He had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea
+belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of
+the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen
+of the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who
+killed Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the
+deliverance of Ire'na _(Ireland)_ from Grantorto _(rebellion)_, whom
+he slew (canto 12).
+
+N.B.--This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580.
+Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards.
+
+[Illustration] "Sir Artegal" is meant for lord Gray of Wilton,
+Spenser's friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant,
+and the poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart
+means that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or
+perfect integrity of conduct.--Spenser's _Faëry Queen_, v. (1596).
+
+ARTEMIS'IA, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five
+ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly
+distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and
+courage. (This is _not_ the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.)
+
+  Our statues ... she
+  The foundress of the Babylonian wall _[Semirfa-mis]_;
+  The Carian Artemisia strong in war.
+
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+_Artemis'ia_, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus.
+Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal
+husband raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which
+was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four
+different architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leocharês, and Bruxis.
+
+
+  This made the four rare masters which began
+  Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb
+  (When death took her before the work was done,
+  And so bereft them of all hopes to come),
+  That they would yet their own work perfect make
+  E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake.
+
+
+Lord Brooke, _An Inquiry upon Fame, etc_. (1554-1628).
+
+ARTEMUS WARD, travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures and
+sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the history
+of American dialect literature (1862).
+
+ARTFUL DODGER, the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up
+to every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.--Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+ARTHGALLO, a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his
+predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was
+swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother
+El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.--Geoffrey, _British
+History_, iii. 17 (1142).
+
+ARTHUR (_King_), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, and
+his mother Ygernê (3 _syl_.), widow of Gorloïs duke of Cornwall. But
+Ygernê had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke
+was dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not
+consummated till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born
+Merlin took him, and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector
+(Tennyson says "sir Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce
+him as the lawful successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived
+two years after his marriage with Ygernê.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 6 (1470).
+
+  Wherefore Merlin took the child
+  And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight
+  And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife
+  Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own.
+  Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.
+
+_Coming of Arthur_. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl._),
+appealed to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers
+and wild beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to
+Leodogran, to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To
+this Leodogran, after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot
+was sent to escort the lady to Arthur's court.
+
+_Arthur not dead_. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but
+rests in Glastonbury, "till he shall come again full twice as fair, to
+rule over his people." (See BARBAROSSA.)
+
+According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a
+raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again
+in his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this
+reason there is never a raven killed in England.--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, I ii. 5 (1605).
+
+_Arthur's Twelve Battles_ (or victories over the Saxons). I. The
+battle of the river Glem (_i.e._ the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5.
+The four battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the
+Ribble). 6. The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which
+joins the Ribble near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to
+be Tweeddale. 8. The battle of Castle Gwenion (_i.e._ Caer Wen, in
+Wedale, Stow). 9. The battle of Caerleon, _i.e._ Carlisle; which
+Tennyson makes to be Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath
+Treroit, in Anglesey, some say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of
+Agned Cathregonion (_i.e._ Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill
+(_i.e._ the Hill of Bath, now Bannerdown).
+
+Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he
+[_Arthur_] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv.
+(1612).
+
+_Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies_. Three were Gentiles: Hector,
+Alexander, and Julius Cæsar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas
+Maccabæus; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of
+Bouillon.
+
+_Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother_, sir Ector and his lady. Their
+son, sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.--Sir
+T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 8 (1470).
+
+N.B.--Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur.
+
+_Arthur's Butler_, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir
+Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of
+the service."--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 8 (1470).
+
+_Arthur's Sisters_ [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king
+Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the
+"great clark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of
+Corê, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same
+mother (Ygraine or Ygernê) as the king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 2.
+
+_Arthur's Sons_--Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors,
+daughter of the earl Sanam.--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15.
+Mordred was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some
+of the romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of
+Morgause and Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot,
+and sister of Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of
+Mordred's hatred of Arthur.--Pt. i. 17, 36, etc.
+
+_Arthur's Drinking-Horn_. No one could drink from this horn who was
+either unchaste or unfaithful.--_Lai du Corn_ and _Morte d'Arthur_.
+(See CHASTITY.)
+
+_Arthur's Shield_, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was
+adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.--_British History_, ix. 4
+(1142).
+
+_Arthur's Spear_, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of
+ebony.--_British History_, ix. 4 (1142).
+
+  His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten.
+  Layamon. _Brut_, (twelfth century).
+
+_Arthur's Sword_, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it
+Caliburn, and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.--_British
+History_, ix. 4 (1142).
+
+  The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour,
+  The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble
+  spear,
+  With Pridwin, his great shield.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+_Arthur's Round Table_. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were
+reserved, two for honor, and one (called the "siege perilous") for sir
+Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one
+else attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty.
+
+[Illustration] There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry
+VIII. showed it to François I. as the very table made by Merlin for
+Uther the pendragon.
+
+  And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester
+  prefers,
+  Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be
+  hers.
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+_Arthur_ (_King_), in the burlesque opera of
+
+_Tom Thumb_, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his
+daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was
+produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of _Midas_,
+about half a century later.
+
+ARTHURIAN ROMANCES.
+
+_King Arthur and the Round Table_, a romance in verse (1096).
+
+_The Holy Graal_ (in verse, 1100).
+
+_Titurel_, or _The Guardian of the Holy Graal_, by Wolfram von
+Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for
+the holy graal.
+
+_The Romance of Parzival_, prince of the race of the kings of
+Graalburg. By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written
+about 1205) was partly founded upon a French poem by Chrétien de
+Troyes, _Parceval le Gallois_ (1170).
+
+_Launcelot of the Lake_, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with
+William Rufus.
+
+_Wigalois_, or _The Knight of the Wheel_, by Wirnd of Graffenberg.
+This adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his
+father, a knight of the Round Table.
+
+_I'wain_, or _The Knight of the Lion_, and _Ereck_, by Hartmann von
+der Aue (thirteenth century).
+
+_Tristan and Yseult_ (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg
+(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose
+romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by
+Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the _Romance of
+Tristram_.
+
+_Merlyn Ambroise_, by Robert de Borron.
+
+_Roman des diverses Quétes de St. Graal_, by Walter Mapes (prose).
+
+_La Morte d'Arthur_, by Walter Mapes.
+
+_A Life of Joseph of Arimathea_, by Robert de Borron.
+
+_The Idylls of the King_, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing "The
+Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "Geraint and Enid," "Merlin
+and Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Graal," "Peleas and
+Ettarre" (2 _syl._), "The Last Tournament," "Guinevere" (3 _syl._)
+and "The Passing of Arthur," which is the "Morte d'Arthur" with an
+introduction added to it.
+
+(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into
+English by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the
+early history of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and
+Linet; part ii. contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii.
+the adventures of sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his
+knights. Sir Frederick Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the
+same series of legends.)
+
+[Illustration] _Sources of the Arthurian Romances_. The prose series
+of romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary
+chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as _De Excidio
+Britanniae_ of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century).
+3. The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter,
+archdeacon of Oxford. 4. The _Chronicon sive Historia Britonum_ of
+Geoffrey of Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and
+romances. (See CHARLEMAGNE.)
+
+AR'THURET _(Miss Seraphina_ the papist and _Miss Angelica_), two
+sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called _Redgauntlet_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+ARTHUR KAVANAGH, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed
+"with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John," who writes on his
+study-door Dante's injunction--
+
+Think that To-day will never dawn again. _Kavanagh. A Tale_, by H.W.
+Longfellow (1872).
+
+ARTHUR LIVINGSTON, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in love,
+at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of _Kismet_
+by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877).
+
+ARTHUR RIPLEY, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case
+that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry
+Harland) novel, _Mrs. Peixada_ (1886).
+
+AR'TURO (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra "the
+puritan," daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the
+wedding, Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles
+I._) in her escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival,
+temporarily loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the
+circumstances, and they vow never more to part. At this juncture
+Arturo is arrested for treason, and led away to execution; but a
+herald announces the defeat of the Stuarts, and free pardon of all
+political offenders, whereupon Arturo is released, and marries "the
+fair puritan."--Bellini's opera, _I Puritani_ (1834).
+
+_Ar'turo_ [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera
+of _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See HAYSTON.)
+
+AR'VALAN, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for attempting
+to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 _syl._). After this, his spirit
+became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness and
+chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to
+the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the
+witch Lor'rimite (3 _syl._) to carry her off; but when the dragons
+came in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went
+perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of
+perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of
+Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden
+waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from
+the submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue.
+
+  "Help, help, Kehama! help!" he cried.
+  But Baly tarried not to abide
+  That mightier power. With irresistible feet
+  He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide,
+  And gave him way to his own judgment-seat.
+  Down like a plummet to the world below
+  He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvii. 12 (1809).
+
+ARVI'DA (_Prince_), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida and
+Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king
+of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but
+when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the
+nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to
+betray his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the
+love of Christina.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+ARVIR'AGUS, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her love,
+but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit till
+the rocks that beset the coast were removed, "and there n'is no stone
+y-seen." By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the
+coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should
+keep her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that
+she had come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would
+rather die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and
+Gilberto_, day x. 5. See DIANORA.)
+
+_Arvir'agus_, younger son of Cym'beline (3 _syl._) king of Britain,
+and brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped
+by Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were
+brought up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood,
+Belarius, having rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to
+favor. He then introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told
+their story, upon which the king was rejoiced to find that his two
+sons whom he thought dead were both living.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_
+(1605).
+
+ARYAN LANGUAGES (_The_)--
+
+  1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee.
+  2. Zend, whence Persian.
+  3. Greek, whence Romaic.
+  4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian
+  (_Romance_).
+  5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic.
+  6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian.
+  7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian.
+
+AS YOU LIKE IT, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes,
+being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain
+followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy
+life, chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one
+daughter, named Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the
+companion of his own daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very
+fond of each other. At a wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with
+Orlando, who threw his antagonist, a giant and professional athlete.
+The usurping duke (Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her
+cousin Celia resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's
+clothes (under the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden
+(under the name of Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando
+being driven from home by his elder brother, also went to the forest
+of Arden, and was taken under the duke's protection. Here he met
+the ladies, and a double marriage was the result--Orlando married
+Rosalind, and his elder brother Oliver married Celia. The usurper
+retired to a religious house, and the deposed duke was restored to his
+dominions.--(1598.)
+
+ASAPH. So Tate calls Dryden in _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+
+  While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast,
+  The song of Asaph and his fame shall last.
+
+  Part ii.
+
+_Asaph (St.)_ a British [_i.e. Welsh_] monk of the sixth century,
+abbot of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of
+him.
+
+  So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be:
+  As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ASCAL'APHOS, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling and
+trying to make mischief.--_Greek Fable_.
+
+ASCA'NIO, son of don Henrique (2 _syl._), in the comedy called _The
+Spanish Curate_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).
+
+AS'CAPART or AS'CUPART, an enormous giant, thirty feet high, who
+carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his
+steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his
+slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city
+gates of Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would
+have enabled him to enact "Colbrand," "Ascapart," or any other giant
+of romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the
+altitude of a chopin.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+  Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw
+  Charing Cross for a bar.
+
+  Dr. Donne (1573-1631).
+
+Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)--
+
+  Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss
+  For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross.
+
+ASCRÆ'AN SAGE, or _Ascræan poet_, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in
+Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him "The Old Ascræan."
+
+  Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musæ
+  Ascræo quos ante seni.
+
+  _Ecl._ vii. 70.
+
+AS'EBIE (3 _syl_.), Irreligion personified in _The Purple Island_
+(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros
+(_idolatry_), Phar'makeus (3 _syl_.) (_witchcraft_), Hæret'icus,
+and Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, _asebeia_,
+"impiety.")
+
+ASEL'GES (3 _syl_.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four
+sons of Anag'nus (_inchastity_), his three brothers being Mæchus
+(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), and Acath'arus. Seeing
+his brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (_maidenly
+chastity_), Aselgês rushes forward to avenge his death, but the
+martial maid caught him with her spear, and tossed him so high i'
+the air "that he hardly knew whither his course was bent." (Greek,
+_aselgês_, "intemperate, wanton.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple
+Island_, xi. (1633).
+
+AS'EN, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to
+the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the
+Scandinavian deities generally.
+
+ASHBURTON (_Mary_), heroine of _Hyperion_, by H.W. Longfellow (1839).
+
+ASH'FIELD (_Farmer_), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted,
+noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his
+daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is
+"Behave pratty," and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter
+Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy.
+
+_Dame Ashfield_, the farmer's wife, whose _bête noire_ is a
+neighboring farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what
+Mrs. Grundy will think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel
+too.
+
+_Susan Ashfield_, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.--Thom. Morton,
+_Speed the Plough_ (1764-1838).
+
+ASH'FORD (_Isaac_), "a wise, good man, contented to be poor."--Crabbe,
+_Parish Register_ (1807).
+
+ASHPENAZ, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the
+Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to
+be at once feared and despised.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by
+Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890).
+
+ASH'TAROTH, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See ASTORETH.)
+
+  [_They_] had general names
+  Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male,
+  These feminine.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665).
+
+ASH'TON (_Sir William_), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of
+Lucy Ashton.
+
+_Lady Eleanor Ashton_, wife of sir William.
+
+_Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton_, eldest son of sir William.
+
+_Lucy Ashton_, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master
+of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of
+Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes
+insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride
+of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called
+_Lucia di Lammermoor_, 1835.)
+
+ASIA, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the
+daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses;
+but she was taken alive into paradise.--Sale, _Al Korân_, xx., note,
+and Ixvi., note.
+
+Mahomet says, "Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of
+Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife;
+and Fatima, his own daughter."
+
+AS'IR, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology--Odin, Thor,
+Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and
+Forseti.
+
+Sometimes the goddesses--Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked
+among the Asir also.
+
+AS'MADAI (3 _syl.)_ the same as As-mode'us _(4 syl.)_ the lustful and
+destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands _(Tobit_ iii.
+8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by Uriel
+and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means "the _destroyer_."--_Paradise
+Lost_, vi 365 (1665).
+
+ASMODE'US _(4 syl.)_, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the
+Talmud "king of the devils." As "dress" is one of the bitterest evils
+of modern life, it is termed "the Asmodeus of domestic peace," a
+phrase employed to express any "skeleton" in the house of a private
+family.
+
+In the book of _Tobit_ Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of
+Rag'uël, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on
+his bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven
+into Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on
+perfumed ashes.
+
+(Milton throws the accent on the third syl., Tennyson on the second.)
+
+  Better pleased
+  Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 168.
+
+  Abaddon and Asmodëus caught at me.
+
+Tennyson, _St. Simeon Stylitês_.
+
+_Asmode'us_, a "diable bon-homme," with more gaiety than malice; not
+the least like Mephistophelês. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom
+he carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where
+they see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen.
+Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness,
+and playful malice, we never forget the fiend.--Le Sage, _Le Diable
+Boiteux_.
+
+(Such was the popularity of the _Diable Boiteux_, that two young men
+fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an
+incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.)
+
+Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as
+Asmodeus would present could he remove the roof of many an English
+home.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+ASO'TUS, Prodigality personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by
+Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _asotos_, "a
+profligate.")
+
+ASPA'TIA, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness.
+She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's
+request, marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). "Women point with scorn at the
+forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of
+her speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event
+which gives name to the drama."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's
+Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+AS'PRAMONTE (3 _syl_.), in Sir W. Scott's _Count Robert of Paris_
+(time, Rufus).
+
+  _The old knight_, father of _Brenhilda_.
+  _The lady of Aspramonte_, the knight's wife.
+  _Brenhilda of Aspramonte_, their daughter, wife of count Robert.
+
+AS'RAEL or AZ'RAEL, an angel of death. He is immeasurable in height,
+insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days'
+journey.--_Mohammedan Mythology_.
+
+AS'SAD, son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 _syl_.), and
+half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the
+two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the
+young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of
+gross designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to
+put them both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out
+of the city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom
+(the island of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went
+to a city in sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an
+old fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a
+dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the "mountain
+of fire." The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of
+queen Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured
+was carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old
+man's daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long
+Assad married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married
+Bostana.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+ASTAG'ORAS, a female fiend, who has the power of raising
+storms.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ASTAR'TE (3 _syl_.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of the
+Syrians.
+
+  With these
+  Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
+  Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
+
+_As'tarte_ (2 _syl_.), an attendant on the princess Anna
+Comne'na.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Eufus).
+
+_Astarte_ a woman, beloved by Manfred.--Byron, _Manfred_.
+
+We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,--guilty, lost,
+murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to
+earth, speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale
+with mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and
+innocence, but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of
+a ghost, with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death,
+judgment, and eternity.--Professor Wilson.
+
+  The lady Astarte his? Hush! who
+  comes here? (iii. 4.)
+  ...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.)
+
+AS'TERY, a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and most
+active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs,
+bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus,
+in a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the
+flowers into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings
+of many gay colors.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate_
+(1590).
+
+ASTOL'PHO, the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He was
+a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly
+handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a
+whale; and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle
+tree, but Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the
+infernal regions; he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his
+madness by bringing back his lost wits in a phial.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AS'TON _(Sir Jacob)_, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of
+the partisans of the late king.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (period,
+Commonwealth).
+
+_As'ton (Enrico)._ So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of
+_Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See ASHTON.)
+
+AS'TORAX, king of Paphos and brother of the princess Calis.--Beaumont
+and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (before 1618).
+
+AS'TORETH, the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by Jeremiah,
+"The Queen of Heaven," and by the Phoenicians, "Astar'tê."
+
+  With these [_the host of heaven_] in troop
+  Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
+  Astartê, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
+
+(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and
+Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the "moonèd Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and
+mother.")
+
+AS'TRAGON, the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert and
+his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight
+stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and
+museum. One room was called "Great Nature's Office," another "Nature's
+Nursery," and the library was called "The Monument of Vanished Mind."
+Astragon (the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in
+navigation. He had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and
+to whom she was promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the
+sequel is not known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+ASTRE'A _(Mrs. Alphra Behn_), an authoress. She published the story of
+_Prince Oroonoka_ (died 1689).
+
+The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope.
+
+ASTRINGER, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in _All's
+Well that Ends Well_, act v. sc. 1. (From the French _austour_,
+Latin _austercus_, "a goshawk.") A "gentle astringer" is a gentleman
+falconer.
+
+We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk]
+an austringer.--Cowell, _Law Dictionary_.
+
+AS'TRO-FIAMMAN'TE (5 _syl_.), queen of the night. The word means
+"flaming star."--Mozart, _Die Zauberflöte_ (1791).
+
+ASTRONOMER (_The_), in _Rasselas_, an old enthusiast, who believed
+himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves
+Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the
+constituted order.
+
+"I have possessed," said he to Imlac, "for five years the regulation
+of the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has
+listened to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my
+direction; the clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the
+Nile has overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the
+Dog-star, and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ...
+have hitherto refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings
+to whom this trust has been imparted."--Dr. Johnson, _Rasselas_,
+xli.--xliii. (1759).
+
+AS'TROPHEL (_Sir Philip Sidney_). "Phil. Sid." may be a contraction
+of _philos sidus_, and the Latin _sidus_ being changed to the Greek
+_astron_, we get _astron philos_ ("star-lover"). The "star" he loved
+was Penelopê Devereux, whom he calls _Stella_ ("star"), and to whom he
+was betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called _Astrophel_, to the memory
+of Sir Philip Sidney.
+
+  But while as Astrophel did live and reign,
+  Amongst all swains was none his paragon.
+
+  Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+ASTYN'OME (4 _syl_.) or CHRYSEÏS, daughter of Chrysês priest of
+Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynomê fell to the share of
+Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her.
+Agamemnon refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of
+his patron god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This
+was the cause of contention between Agamemnon and Achillês, and forms
+the subject of Homer's epic called _The Iliad_.
+
+AS'WAD, son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel of
+death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy
+to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it
+might serve its master on the day of resurrection.--Southey, _Thalaba
+the Destroyer_ (1797).
+
+ATABA'LIPA, the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the Spanish
+general. Milton refers to him in _Paradise Lost_, xi. 409 (1665).
+
+AT'ALA, the name of a novel by François Auguste Chateaubriand. Atala,
+the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an oath
+of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a young
+Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to break
+her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm (1801).
+
+(This has nothing to do with _Attila_, king of the Huns, nor with
+_Atlialie_ (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.)
+
+ATALANTA, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave out
+that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running;
+but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his
+life. Hippom'enês won the race by throwing down golden apples, which
+Atalanta kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for
+one of his tales in _Earthly Paradise_ (March).
+
+In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.--Comtesse D'Aunoy,
+_Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio," 1682).
+
+_Atalanta_, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem
+after Æschylus _Atalanta in Calydon_ (1864).
+
+ATALI'BA, the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on
+whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca--
+
+The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his
+people and the benign regard of heaven.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_; ii. 4
+(from Kotzebue),(1799).
+
+Atê (2 _syl_.), goddess of revenge.
+
+With him along is come the mother queen. An Atê, stirring him to blood
+and strife. Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596).
+
+_Atê_ (2 _syl_.), "mother of debate and all dissension," the friend of
+Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the
+best of beings. Her abode, "far under ground hard by the gates of
+hell," is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was
+challenged by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were
+that the conqueror should have "Florimel," and the other "the old hag
+Atê," who was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to
+another.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+ATH'ALIE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of Joram
+king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of David;
+but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king.
+Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was
+killed by the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's
+_chef-d'oeuvre_ (1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part.
+
+(Racine's tragedy of _Athalie_, queen of Judah, must not be confounded
+with Corneille's tragedy of _Attila_, king of the Huns.)
+
+ATHEIST'S TRAGEDY (_The_), by Cyril Tourneur. The "atheist"
+is D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his
+estates.--(Seventeenth century.)
+
+ATH'ELSTANE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "The Unready," thane of
+Coningsburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+[Illustration] "Unready" does not mean _unprepared_ but _injudicious_
+(from Anglo-Saxon _raed_, "wisdom, counsel").
+
+ATHE'NA (_Pallas_) once meant "the air," but in Homer this goddess is
+the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed
+protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva.
+
+ATHE'NIAN BEE, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his
+composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an
+infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that "honeyed words" would
+fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophoclês is called "The
+Attic Bee."
+
+ATH'LIOT, the most wretched of all women.
+
+  Her comfort is (if for her any be),
+  That none can show more cause of grief than she.
+
+  Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
+
+ATH'OS. Dinoc'ratês, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount
+Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in
+his left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters
+which flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the
+suggestion, but objected to the locality.
+
+  And hew out a huge mountain of pathos,
+  As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 86.
+
+AT'IMUS, Baseness of Mind personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633),
+by Phineas Fletcher. "A careless, idle swain ... his work to eat,
+drink, sleep, and purge his reins." Fully described in canto viii.
+(Greek, _atimos_, "one dishonored.")
+
+A'TIN (_Strife_), the squire of Pyr'ochlês.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_,
+ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590).
+
+ATOS'SA. So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she was
+the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho.
+
+  But what are these to great Atossa's mind?
+
+  Pope.
+
+(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally
+understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old
+Testament.)
+
+AT'ROPOS, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of life
+with a pair of scissors.
+
+  ... nor shines the knife,
+  Nor shears of Atropos before their vision.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 64.
+
+ATTIC BEE _(The)_, Soph'oclês (B.C. 495-405). Plato is called "The
+Athenian Bee."
+
+ATTIC BOY _(The)_, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, is
+Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to
+Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting.
+
+  Till civil-suited Morn appear,
+  Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont
+  With the Attic boy to hunt,
+  But kerchiefed in a comely cloud.
+  _II Penseroso_ (1638).
+
+ATTIC MUSE _(The)_, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic
+poetry.
+
+ATTICUS. The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero,
+given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His biography
+is found in Nepor.
+
+_The English Atticus_. Joseph Addison.
+
+  Who but must laugh if such a man there be.
+  Who would not weep if Atticus were he?
+  Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_.
+
+AT'TILA, one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king of
+the Huns, usually called "The Scourge of God," must not be confounded
+with "Athalie," daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject
+and title of Racine's _ches-d'oeuvre_, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief
+character.
+
+AUBERT _(Thérèse)_, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name
+(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in
+the French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female
+apparel to escape detection.
+
+AUBREY, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he
+committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a
+merchant, and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of
+eighteen years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and
+his daughter had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection
+with Mr. Mortimer.
+
+_Augusta Aubrey_, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel,
+the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the
+vulgar Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord
+Abberville, but after passing through many a most painful visitation,
+she is happily married to the man of her choice.--Cumberland, _The
+Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+AU´BRI'S DOG showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de Macaire,
+snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now Aubri
+had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this
+animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire.
+Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by
+whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be
+the murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.)
+
+Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu à Paris, dans l'île
+Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien
+antérieur, car il est mentionné dès le siècle précédent par Albéric
+des Trois-Fontaines.--Bouillet, _Dict. Universel, etc._
+
+AUCH´TERMUCH´TY (_John_), the Kinross carrier.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AUDHUM´BLA, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied him
+with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew
+from the rocks.--_Scandinavian Mythology_.
+
+AU´DREY, a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is an
+excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that
+"she is foul," and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks
+the gods also that "she is not poetical."--Shakespeare, _As You Like
+It_ (1598).
+
+  The character of "Audrey," that of a female
+  fool, should not have been assumed [_i.e._ by Miss
+  Pope, in her last appearance in public]; the last
+  line of the farewell address was, "And now poor
+  Audrey bids you all farewell" (May 26, 1808).--
+  James Smith, _Memoirs, etc._ (1840).
+
+AUGUS´TA, mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian II.
+king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will
+induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which
+follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden.--H.
+Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+_Augusta_, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives,
+sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be
+conferred; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until
+after her coronation.
+
+1. EMPRESSES. Livia and Julia were both _Augusta_; so were Julia
+(wife of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaea, Statilia,
+Sabina, Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an
+emperor is spoken of as _Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra;
+Divina Augusta_, etc. But the title had to be conferred; hence we
+read, "Domitian uxorem suam _Augustam_ jussit nuncupari;" and "Flavia
+Titiana, eadem die, uxor ejus [_i.e._ Pertinax] _Augusta_ est
+appellata."
+
+2. MOTHERS or GRANDMOTHERS. Antonia, grandmother of Caligula, was
+created _Augusta_. Claudius made his mother Antonia _Augusta_ after
+her death. Heliogab´alus had coins inscribed with "Julia Mæsa
+_Augusta_," in honor of his grandmother;
+
+Mammaea, mother of Alexander Severus, is styled _Augusta_ on coins;
+and so is Helena, mother of Constantine.
+
+3. SISTERS. Honorius speaks of his sister as "venerabilis _Augusta_
+germananostra." Trajan has coins inscribed with "Diva Marciana
+_Augusta_."
+
+4. DAUGHTERS. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of
+Didius Julianus, were both _Augusta_. Titus inscribed on coins his
+daughter as "Julia Sabina _Augusta_;" there are coins of the emperor
+Decius inscribed with "Herennia Etruscilla _Augusta_," and "Sallustia
+_Augusta_," sisters of the emperor Decius.
+
+5. OTHERS. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called _Augusta_ on coins;
+Constantine Monomachus called his concubine _Augusta_.
+
+AUGUSTA HARE, a woman with a native genius for popularity, in Mrs.
+A.D.T. Whitney's novel _Hitherto_.
+
+AUGUSTI´NA, _the Maid of Saragossa_. She was only twenty-two when, her
+lover being shot, she mounted the battery in his place. The French,
+after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808.
+
+  Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragossa,
+  who by her valor elevated herself to the
+  highest rank of heroines. When the author
+  was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado,
+  decorated with medals and orders, by order of
+  the Junta.--Lord Byron.
+
+AULD ROBIN GRAY was written (1772) by Lady Anne Barnard, to raise a
+little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay,
+and her father was earl of Balcarras.
+
+AULLAY, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is as
+much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is larger than a sheep.
+King Baly of India rode on an aullay.
+
+  The aullay, hugest of four-footed kind,
+  The aullay-horse, that in his force,
+  With elephantine trunk, could bind
+  And lift the elephant, and on the wind
+  Whirl him away, with sway and swing,
+  E'en like a pebble from a practised sling.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvi. 2 (1809).
+
+AURE´LIUS, a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Do´rigen, the
+wife of Arvir´agus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to his
+suit till all the rocks of the British coast were removed, "and there
+n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic made all the rocks disappear,
+but when Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her promise,
+Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather
+die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dimora and
+Gilberto_, x. 5. See DIANORA.)
+
+_Aurelius_, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur,
+but he died before the hero was born.
+
+Even sicke of a flixe [_ill of the flux_] as he was, he caused himself
+to be carried forth on a litter; with whose presence the people
+were so encouraged, that encountering with the Saxons they wan the
+victorie.--Holinshed, _History of Scotland_, 99.
+
+  ... once I read
+  That stout Pendragon on his litter sick
+  Came to the field, and vanquishèd his foes.
+
+  Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._, act iii. sc. 2 (1589).
+
+AURORA LEIGH, daughter of an Englishman and an Italian woman. At
+her father's death Aurora comes to England to live with a severe,
+practical aunt. In time she becomes a poet, travels far, sees much,
+and thinks much of life's problems. She marries her cousin Romney,
+a philanthropist, blinded by an accident.--_Aurora_ _Leigh_, by
+Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1856).
+
+AURORA NUNCANOU, beautiful Creole widow in _The Grandissimes_, by
+George W. Cable. In her thirty-fifth year, she "is the red, red,
+full-blown, faultless joy of the garden. With her it will be always
+morning. That woman is going to last forever; ha-a-a-a!--even longer!"
+(1880).
+
+AUSTIN, the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he renounced
+the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the grandson of
+Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the possessions and title
+of the count of Narbonne.--Robert Jephson, _Count of Narbonne_ (1782).
+
+AUSTINS (_The_). _Miss Susan_, old maid resident at Whiteladies,
+concerned in a conspiracy to introduce a false heir to the estate.
+
+_Miss Augustine_, saintly sister, who tries to "turn the curse
+from _Whiteladies_, by her own prayers and those of her
+almsmen."--_Whiteladies_, by M.O.W. Oliphant.
+
+AUS´TRIA AND THE LION'S HIDE. There is an old tale that the arch-duke
+of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's hide
+which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulconbridge (the
+natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke:
+
+  Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,
+  And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act iii. sc. 1 (1596).
+
+(The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools
+and jesters were dressed in calf-skins.)
+
+AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST-TABLE, a mythical personage who indites
+Oliver Wendell Holmes's breakfast-table conversations.
+
+AUTOL´YCOS, the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his
+neighbors, and changed their marks. Sis´yphos outwitted him by marking
+his sheep under their feet.
+
+AUTOL´YCUS, a peddler and witty rogue, in _The Winter's Tale_, by
+Shakespeare (1604).
+
+AVARE (_L_'). The plot of this comedy is as follows: Harpagon the
+miser and his son Cléante (2 _syl._) both want to marry Mariane (3
+_syl._), daughter of Anselme, _alias_ don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples.
+Cléante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser,
+and hidden in the garden. When Harpagon discovers his loss he raves
+like a madman, and Cléante gives him the choice of Mariane or the
+casket. The miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his
+son. The second plot is connected with Elise (2 _syl._), the miser's
+daughter, promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2
+_syl._); but Elise is herself in love with Valère, who, however, turns
+out to be the son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Valère
+is his son, who he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him
+Elise, and so in both instances the young folks marry together, and
+the old ones give up their unnatural rivalry.--Molière, _L'Avare_
+(1667).
+
+AVE´NEL (2 _syl._), _Julian_, the usurper of Avenel Castle.
+
+_Lady Alice_, widow of sir Walter.
+
+_Mary_, daughter of Lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (date 1559).
+
+_Ave´nel_ (_Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of_), same as the
+bridegroom in _The Monastery_.
+
+_The lady Mary of Avenel_, same as the bride in _The Monastery_.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_The White Lady of Avenel_, a spirit mysteriously connected with the
+Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Mile´sian families.
+She announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest
+in the family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with
+considerable caprice; thus she shows unmitigated malignity to the
+sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal has commanding
+power over her.
+
+  Noon gleams on the lake,
+  Noon glows on the fell;
+  Awake thee, awake,
+  White maid of Avenel!
+
+  Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AVEN´GER OF BLOOD, the man who had the birthright, according to the
+Jewish, polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his
+relatives.
+
+  ... the Christless code
+  That must have life for a blow.
+
+  Tennyson, _Maud_, II. i. 1.
+
+AVERY (_Parson_), a missionary "to the souls of fishers starving on
+the rocks of Marblehead." He is wrecked with his crew, one wintry
+midnight, and dies praying aloud.--J.G. Whittier, _The Swan Song of
+Parson Avery_ (1850).
+
+AV´ICEN or _Abou-ibn-Sina_, an Arabian physician and philosopher, born
+at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He composed a treatise on logic, and
+another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippo´cratês and the
+Aristotle of the Arabs.
+
+  Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen ...
+  Yet was his glory never set on shelfe,
+  Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande
+  Where men have minde to take good bookes in hande.
+
+  G. Gascoigne, _The Fruits of Warre_, lvii. (died 1577).
+
+AVIS, a New England girl, heroine of _The Story of Avis_, by Elizabeth
+Stuart Phelps-Ward. She is forced by genius to be an artist, and
+through her art loses hope of domestic happiness (1877).
+
+AYL'MER (_Mrs._), a neighbor of sir Henry Lee.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+AY'MER (_Prior_), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+AY'MON, duke of Dordona (_Dordogne_). He had four sons, Rinaldo,
+Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto (_i.e._ Renaud, Guiscard, Alard,
+and Richard), whose adventures are the subject of a French romance,
+entitled _Les Quatre fils Aymon_, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223).
+
+AZA'ZEL, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of "smokeless
+fire," that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited the
+earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent
+disobedience were driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was
+created, and God commanded all to worship him, Azâzel insolently made
+answer, "Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth; why should
+I worship him?" Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and
+called him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer
+of Satan's host.
+
+  Upreared
+  His mighty standard; that proud honor claimed
+  Azâzel as his right.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 534 (1665).
+
+AZ'LA, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of
+Keha'ma.--Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, i. 10 (1809).
+
+AZ'O, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and had
+already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, "never made his bride,"
+died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she
+married the marqnis, and after she became his mother-in-law, they
+loved on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love
+for Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although
+he spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her.--Byron,
+_Parisina_.
+
+AZ´RAEL (_3 syl._), the angel of death (called Raphael in the _Gospel
+of Barnabas_).--_Al Korân_.
+
+AZ´TECAS, an Indian tribe, which conquered the Hoamen (2 _syl._),
+seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern
+branch of the Missouri, having Az´tlan as their imperial city. When
+Madoc conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the
+Hoamen, and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+AZUCE´NA, a gipsy. Manri´co is supposed to be her son, but is in
+reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna).--Verdi, _Il
+Trovato´rê_ (1853).
+
+AZYORU´CA (4 _syl._), queen of the snakes and dragons. She resides in
+Patala, or the infernal regions.--_Hindû Mythology_.
+
+  There Azyoruca veiled her awful form
+  In those eternal shadows. There she sat,
+  And as the trembling souls who crowd around
+  The judgment-seat received the doom of fate,
+  Her giant arms, extending from the cloud,
+  Drew them within the darkness.
+
+Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxiii 15 (1809).
+
+BAAL, plu. BAALIM, a general name for all the Syrian gods, as
+Ash´taroth was for the goddesses. The general version of the legend of
+Baal is the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz, Osiris, and the Arabian
+myth of El Khouder. All allegorize the Sun, six months above and six
+months below the equator. As a title of honor, the word Baal, Bal,
+Bel, etc., enters into a large number of Phoenician and Carthaginian
+proper names, as Hanni-bal, Hasdrubal, Bel-shazzar, etc.
+
+  ... [the] general names
+  Of Baälim and Ashtaroth: those male;
+  These female.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665).
+
+BAB (_Lady_), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the airs
+with the name and address of her mistress. Her fellow-servants and
+other servants address her as "lady Bab," or "Your ladyship." She is a
+fine wench, "but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean."
+She says she never reads but one "book, which is Shikspur." And
+she calls Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, "downright
+hottenpots."--Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).
+
+BA´BA, chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana
+Gulbey´az.--Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 82, etc. (1820).
+
+BABA (_Ali_), who relates the story of the "Forty Thieves" in the
+_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_. He discovered the thieves' cave
+while hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word "Ses´amê," at which
+the door of the cave opened and shut.
+
+_Cassim Baba_, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty
+thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying "Open Wheat!"
+"Open Barley!" to the door, which obeyed to no sound but "Open
+Sesamê!"
+
+BABA MUS´TAPHA, a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into
+which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the
+thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one
+of the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man
+happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard
+about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed
+out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it
+with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the
+house to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following
+he pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of
+marking the door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing
+it.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba, or The Forty Thieves").
+
+BABABALOUK, chief of the black eunuchs, whose duty it was to wait
+on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the
+harem.--Habesci, _State of the Ottoman Empire_, 155-6.
+
+BABES IN THE WOOD, insurrectionary hordes that infested the mountains
+of Wicklow and the woods of Enniscarthy towards the close of the
+eighteenth century. (See CHILDREN IN THE WOOD.)
+
+BABIE, old Alice Gray's servant-girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of
+Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BABIE´CA (3 _syl._), the Cid's horse.
+
+  I learnt to prize Babieca from his head unto his
+  hoof.
+
+_The Cid_ (1128).
+
+BABOON (_Philip_), Philippe Bourbon, duc d'Anjou.
+
+_Lewis Baboon_, Louis XIV., "a false loon of a grandfather to Philip,
+and one that might justly be called a Jack-of-all-trades."
+
+  Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon
+  behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes
+  measuring linen; next day he would be
+  dealing in mercery-ware; high heads, ribbons,
+  gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety
+  ... nay, he would descend to the selling of
+  tapes, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop
+  was shut up he would go about the neighborhood,
+  and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the
+  young men and maidens to dance. By these
+  means he had acquired immense riches, which he
+  used to squander away at back-sword [_in war_],
+  quarter-staff, and cudgel-play, in which he took
+  great pleasure.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John
+  Bull_, ii. (1712).
+
+BABY BELL, the infant whose brief beautiful life is given in the poem
+that first drew the eyes of the world to the young American poet, T.B.
+Aldrich, then but nineteen years of age.
+
+  Have you not heard the poets tell
+  How came the dainty Baby Bell
+  Into this World of ours?
+  The gates of heaven were left ajar:
+  With folded hands and dreamy eyes,
+  Wandering out of Paradise,
+  She saw this planet like a star
+  Hung in the glistening depths of even,--
+  Its bridges, running to and fro,
+  O'er which the white-winged angels go,
+  Bearing the holy dead to heaven.
+  She touched a bridge of flowers--those feet
+  So light they did not bend the bells
+  Of the celestial asphodels,
+  They fell like dew upon the flowers;
+  Then all the air grew strangely sweet!
+  And thus came dainty Baby Bell
+  Into this world of ours. (1854.)
+
+BACCHAN'TES (3 _syl._), priestesses of Bacchus.
+
+  Round about him _Bacchus_ fair Bacchantês,
+  Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses,
+  Wild from Naxian groves, or Zantê's
+  Vineyards, sing delirious verses.
+  Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+BACCHUS, in the _Lusiad_, an epic poem by Camoens (1569), is the
+personification of the evil principle which acts in opposition to
+Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars is made by the poet the guardian
+power of Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism.
+
+BACKBITE (_Sir Benjamin_), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and
+very censorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but
+he never published anything, because "'twas very vulgar to print;"
+besides, as he said, his little productions circulated more "by giving
+copies in confidence to friends."--Sheridan, _School for Scandal_
+(1777).
+
+  When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing
+  "Mrs. Candour," to Miss Farren's "lady
+  Teazle," King as "sir Peter," Parsons "Crab-tree,"
+  Dodd "Backbite," Baddeley "Moses,"
+  Smith "Charles," and John Palmer "Joseph"
+  [Surface].--James Smith, _Memoirs, etc_.
+
+BACTRIAN SAGE _(The)_, Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of Bactria,
+now Balkh (B.C. 589-513).
+
+BADE'BEC (2 _syl_.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pantag'ruel. She
+died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time
+to nine dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels
+laden with eels, and 25 wagons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and
+shallots.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 2 (1533).
+
+BADGER _(Will)_, sir Hugh Robsart's favorite domestic.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bad'ger (Mr. Bayham_), medical practitioner at Chelsea, under whom
+Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking
+gentleman, with "surprised eyes;" very proud of being Mrs. Badger's
+"third," and always referring to her former two husbands, captain
+Swosser and professor Dingo.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+BADINGUET [_Bad´.en.gay_] one of the many nicknames of Napoleon III.
+It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the
+fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873).
+
+BADOU´RA, daughter of Gaiour (2 _syl._), king of China, the "most
+beautiful woman ever seen upon earth." The emperor Gaiour wished her
+to marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night
+by fairy influence she was shown prince Camaral´zaman asleep, fell
+in love with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the
+prince, but her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as
+a madwoman. At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus:
+The emperor having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her
+[supposed] madness should have her for his wife, he sent Camaralzaman
+to play the magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by
+sending her the ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure
+was instantly effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp.
+When the emperor was informed that his son-in-law was a prince, whose
+father was sultan of the "Island of the Children of Khal´edan, some
+twenty days' sail from the coast of Persia," he was delighted with the
+alliance.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+BADROUL´BOUDOUR, daughter of the sultan of China, a beautiful
+brunette. "Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest,
+her mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure perfect." She
+became the wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death; once
+by exchanging "the wonderful lamp" for a new copper one, and once by
+giving hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these
+magicians.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp").
+
+BAG DAD. A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was
+destined to found a city on the spot where he was standing. "I am that
+man," said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his
+boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him
+"Moclas," the name of a well-known thief.--Marigny.
+
+BAGSHOT, one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the house
+of lady Bountiful.--Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705).
+
+BAGSTOCK (_Major Joe_), an apoplectic retired military officer, living
+in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major has a covert
+kindness for Miss Tox, and is jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of
+himself as "Old Joe Bagstock," "Old Joey," "Old J.," "Old Josh,"
+"Rough and tough old Jo," "J.B.," "Old J.B.," and so on. He is also
+given to over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant.--C.
+Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BAH´ADAR, master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince Am´giad
+was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when
+Bahadar returned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his
+uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how
+the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing,
+assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have
+murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head.
+Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad
+came forward and told the whole truth, whereupon Bahadar was instantly
+released, and Amgiad created vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and
+Assad").
+
+BAHMAN (_Prince_), eldest son of the sultan Khrossou-schah of Persia.
+In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's sisters, and
+set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the superintendent of the
+sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and afterwards restored to the
+sultan. It was the "talking bird" that told the sultan the tale of the
+young prince's abduction.
+
+_Prince Bahman's Knife_. When prince Bahman started on his exploits,
+he gave to his sister Parazadê (4 _syl._) a knife, saying, "As long as
+you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am
+alive and well; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know
+that I am no longer alive."--_Arabian Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the
+last tale).
+
+BAILEY, a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His
+ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs.
+Todgers's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the
+"Anglo-Bengalee Company."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BAILIE (_General_), a parliamentary leader.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of
+Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+_Bailie (Giles)_, a gipsy; father of Gabrael Faa (nephew to Meg
+Merrilies).--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BAILLY, (_Henry or Harry_), the host of the Tabard Inn, in Southwerk,
+London, where the nine and twenty companions of Chaucer put up before
+starting on their pilgrimage to Canterbury.
+
+  A semely man our hoste was withal
+  For to han been a marshal in an halle,
+  A fairer burgeis is ther non in Chepe.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales, Prologue_.
+
+BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved the
+bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his friends
+sent him to London "an apprentice for to binde." After the lapse of
+seven years, the bailiff's daughter, "in ragged attire," set out to
+walk to London, "her true love to inquire." The young man on horseback
+met her, but knew her not. "One penny, one penny, kind sir!" she
+said. "Where were you born?" asked the young man. "At Islington," she
+replied. "Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter
+there?" "She's dead, sir, long ago." On hearing this the young man
+declared he'd live an exile in some foreign land. "Stay, oh stay, thou
+goodly youth," the maiden cried, "she is not really dead, for I am
+she." "Then farewell grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true
+love, whom I feared I should never see again."--Percy, _Relics of
+English Poetry_, ii. 8.
+
+BAILZOU _(Ann´aple)_, the nurse of Effie Deans in her
+confinement.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BAJAR´DO, Rinaldo's steed.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BAJA´ZET, surnamed "The Thunderbolt" (_ilderim_), sultan of Turkey.
+After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he
+laid siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane
+emperor of Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and
+indomitable. Being asked by Tamerlane how he would have treated him
+had their lots been reversed, "Like a dog," he cried. "I would have
+made you my footstool when I mounted my saddle, and when your services
+were not needed would have chained you in a cage like a wild beast."
+Tamerlane replied, "Then to show you the difference of my spirit, I
+shall treat you as a king." So saying, he ordered his chains to be
+struck off, gave him one of the royal tents, and promised to restore
+him to his throne if he would lay aside his hostility. Bajazet abused
+this noble generosity; plotted the assassination of Tamerlane; and
+bow-strung Mone´ses. Finding clemency of no use, Tamerlane commanded
+him to be used "as a dog, and to be chained in a cage like a wild
+beast."--N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_ (a tragedy, 1702).
+
+_Bajazet_, a black page at St. James's Palace.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BAKER (_The_), and the "Baker's Wife." Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette
+were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th October,
+1789, they ordered a supply of bread to be given to the mob which
+surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamoring for bread.
+
+BA´LAAM (2 _syl._), the earl of Huntingdon, one of the rebels in the
+army of the duke of Monmouth.
+
+  And, therefore in the name of dulness, be
+  The well-hung Balaam.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+
+_Ba´laam_, a "citizen of sober fame," who lived near the monument of
+London. While poor he was "religious, punctual, and frugal;" but when
+he became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a
+courtier, "took a bribe from France," and was hung for treason.--Pope,
+_Moral Essays_, iii.
+
+BALAAM AND JOSAPHAT, a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son of
+Almansur. (For plot, see JOSAPHAT.)
+
+BALACK, Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salisbury, who wrote a history called
+_Burnet's Own Time_, and _History of the Reformation_.--Dryden and
+Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii.
+
+BALAFRÉ (_Le_), _alias_ Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the Scottish
+Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis XI. Le
+Balafré is uncle to Quentin Durward.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+¤¤¤ Henri, son of Francois second duke of Gruise, was called _Le
+Balafré_ ("the gashed"), from a frightful scar in the face from a
+sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575).
+
+BALÂM´, the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is
+called Nûn, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men.
+
+BALAN´, brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most valiant
+knights that the world ever produced.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 31 (1470).
+
+_Balan_, "the bravest and strongest of all the giant race." Am´adis de
+Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de
+Gaul_, iv. 129 (fourteenth century).
+
+BALANCE (_Justice_), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the army,
+and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for
+the wild pranks of young men.--G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_
+(1704).
+
+BA´LAND OF SPAIN, a man of gigantic strength, who called himself
+Fierabras.--_Mediaeval Romance_.
+
+BALATSU-USUR, the name given to the captive Jew Daniel in Babylon,
+meaning "May Bel protect his life!"
+
+  Prostrate upon his royal face, prostrate before
+  the court, the queen, the people--down like a
+  pleading conscience or a suppliant faith, Nebuchadrezzar
+  the Great lay in the dust, and worshipped
+  him right royally.
+
+  "_Thou_ art the Master of the Magicians!" said
+  the king. "For thou commandest the power of
+  thy God and thou controllest the spirit of
+  man!" ...
+
+  Plain moral purity and religious fervor had
+  done for the young man what a lifetime of political
+  scheming had failed to do for many a
+  grey-headed disappointed adventurer. Then, as
+  in all ages, intrigue regarded the success of sincerity
+  with astonishment.--_The Master of the
+  Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert
+  D. Ward (1890).
+
+BALCHRIS´TIE (_Jenny_), housekeeper to the laird of Dumbiedikes.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BALDASSA´RE (4 _syl._) chief of the monastery of St. Jacopo di
+Compostella.--Donizetti's opera, _La Favorite_ (1842).
+
+BAL´DER, the god of light, peace, and day, was the young and beautiful
+son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedablik ("wide-shining"), stood
+in the Milky Way. He was slain by Höder, the blind old god of darkness
+and night, but was restored to life at the general request of the
+gods.--_Scandinavian Mythology_.
+
+  Balder the beautiful,
+  God of the summer sun.
+
+  Longfellow, _Tegnier's Death_.
+
+(Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled _Balder_, published in 1854.)
+
+BAL´DERSTONE (_Caleb_), the favorite old butler of the master of
+Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for
+the laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good
+store in plenty, but all he could produce was "the hinder end of a
+mutton ham that had been three times on the table already, and the
+heel of a ewe-milk kebbuck [_cheese_]" (ch. vii.).--Sir W. Scott,
+_Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BALDRICK, an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger "the betrothed." He
+was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Rose Flammock that she had seen
+his ghost frowning at her.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+BAL´DRINGHAM (_The lady Ermengarde of_), great-aunt of lady Eveline
+Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+BALDWIN, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins, nephew
+of sir Roland.
+
+_Baldwin_, the restless and ambitious duke of Bologna, leader of 1200
+horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very
+like him, but not so tall.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+¤¤¤ He is introduced by sir Walter Scott in _Count Robert of Paris_.
+
+_Baldwin_. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled _Reynard
+the Fox_ (the word means "bold friend"). In pt. iii. he is called
+"Dr." Baldwin (1498).
+
+_Bald´win_, tutor of Rollo ("the bloody brother") and Otto, dukes
+of Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo,
+because Hamond slew Gisbert the chancellor with an axe and not with a
+sword. Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death "for teaching Hamond no
+better."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).
+
+_Baldwin (Count)_, a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on
+his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination,
+disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his younger son.
+Biron fell at the siege of Candy, and was supposed to be dead. His
+wife Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of
+starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he drove her from his
+house as a dog. Villeroy (2 _syl._) married her, but Biron returned
+the following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed
+ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime; but
+one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella,
+going mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of Baldwin the
+source of infinite misery. It caused the death of his two sons, as
+well as of his daughter-in-law.--Thomas Southern, _The Fatal Marriage_
+(1692).
+
+_Baldwin_, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W.
+Scott in his novel called _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BALDWINDE OYLEY, esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor of
+the Knights Templars).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BALIN (_Sir_), or "Balin le Savage," knight of the two swords. He was
+a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six
+months by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a
+sword came to Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the
+king that no man could draw it who was tainted with "shame, treachery,
+or guile." King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but
+sir Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he
+refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, "That
+sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend,
+and it shall also prove your own death." Then the Lady of the Lake
+came to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off
+her head with it, and was banished from the court. After various
+adventures he came to a castle where the custom was for every guest to
+joust. He was accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his
+antagonist. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were
+slain, but Balin lived just long enough to learn that his antagonist
+was his dearly beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one
+tomb.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 27-44 (1470).
+
+¤¤¤ "The Book of Sir Balin le Savage" is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both
+inclusive) of sir T. Malory's _History of Prince Arthur_.
+
+BALINVERNO, one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BA´LIOL (_Edward_), usurper of Scotland, introduced in _Redgauntlet_,
+a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.).
+
+_Ba´liol (Mrs.)_, friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory
+chapter of _The Fair Maid of Perth_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+_Ba´liol (Mrs. Martha Bethune)_, a lady of quality and fortune, who
+had a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edinburgh. At her death
+she left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called _The
+Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.)_, which he published.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Highland Widow_ (introduction, 1827).
+
+BALISAR´DA, a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress
+Faleri´na; it would cut through even enchanted substances, and was
+given to Roge´ro for the express purpose of "dealing Orlando's
+death."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, xxv. 15 (1516).
+
+  He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows,
+  Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass could avail,
+  Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted mail.
+
+  Book xxiii.
+
+BALIVERSO, the basest knight in the Saracen army.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_, (1516).
+
+BALK or BALKH ("_to embrace_"), Omurs, surnamed _Ghil-Shah_ ("earth's
+king"), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled abroad to
+make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other lands. On his
+return he met his brother, and built on the spot of meeting a city,
+which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his kingdom.
+
+BALKIS, the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the
+south to witness the wisdom and splendor of Solomon. According to the
+Koran she was a fire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to
+his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz.--_Al
+Korân_, xxvi. (Sale's notes).
+
+  She fancied herself already more potent than
+  Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii
+  falling prostrate at the foot of her throne.--W.
+  Beckford, _Vathek_.
+
+_Balkis queen of Sheba_ or _Saba_. Solomon being told that her
+legs were covered with hair "like those of an ass," had the
+presence-chamber floored with glass laid over running water filled
+with fish. When Balkis approached the room, supposing the floor to be
+water, she lifted up her robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which
+the king had been rightly informed.--_Jallalo'dinn_.
+
+BALLENKEIROCH (_Old_), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus
+M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+BALMUNG, the sword of Siegfried forged by Wieland the smith of the
+Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit Wieland cleft Amilias (a
+brother smith) to the waist; but so fine was the cut that Amilias
+was not even conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell
+asunder into two pieces.--_Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+BALRUD´DERY (_The laird of_), a relation of Godfrey Bertram, laird of
+Ellangowan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BALTHA´ZAR, a merchant, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+_Baltha´zar_, a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's _Merchant of
+Venice_ (1598).
+
+_Baltha´zar_, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's _Romeo and Juliet_
+(1597).
+
+_Baltha´zar_, servant to don Pedro, in Shakespeare's _Much Ado about
+Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Baltha´zar_, one of the three "kings" shown in Cologne Cathedral as
+one of the "Magi" led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means
+"lord of treasures." The names of the other two are Melchior ("king of
+light"), and Gaspar or Caspar ("the white one"). Klopstock, in _The
+Messiah_, makes six "Wise Men," and none of the names are like these
+three.
+
+_Balthazar_, father of Juliana, Volantê, and Zam´ora. A proud,
+peppery, and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke
+of Aranza; his second daughter the count Montalban; and Zamora marries
+signor Rinaldo.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
+
+BALUE (_Cardinal_), in the court of Louis XI. of France (1420-1491),
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BALUGANTES (4 _syl._), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and in
+alliance with Agramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BALVENY (_Lord_), kinsman of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BALWHIDDER [_Bal´wither_], a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled with
+all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere, kind-hearted,
+and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is quite ignorant
+of the world, being "in it but not of it."--Galt, _Annals of the
+Parish_ (1821).
+
+  The _Rev. Micah Balwhidder_ is a fine representation
+  of the primitive Scottish pastor; diligent,
+  blameless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but
+  without the fiery zeal and "kirk-filling eloquence"
+  of the supporters of the Covenant.--R.
+  Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 591.
+
+BALY, one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded the
+city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was
+generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death
+he became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed
+with the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor
+were the rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One
+day a dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to
+measure three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and
+bade him measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf
+compassed the whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the
+third the infernal regions. Baly at once perceived that the dwarf was
+Vishnû, and adored the present deity. Vishnû made the king "Governor
+of Pad´alon" or hell, and permitted him once a year to revisit the
+earth, on the first full moon of November.
+
+  Baly built
+  A city, like the cities of the gods,
+  Being like a god himself. For many an age
+  Hath ocean warred against his palaces,
+  Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves,
+  Not overthrown.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xv. 1 (1809).
+
+BAN, king of Benwick [_Brittany_], father of sir Launcelot, and
+brother of Bors king of Gaul. This "shadowy king of a still more
+shadowy kingdom" came over with his royal brother to the aid of
+Arthur, when, at the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued
+against him (pt. i. 8).
+
+  Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the
+  world, and the man of most renown, for such
+  two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are
+  not living.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince
+  Arthur_, i. 14 (1470).
+
+BANASTAR (_Humfrey_), brought up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and
+advanced by him to honor and wealth. He professed to love the duke as
+his dearest friend; but when Richard III. offered £1000 reward to
+any one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John
+Mitton, sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salisbury, where
+he was beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest
+son, "reft of his wits might end his life in a pigstye;" that his
+second son might "be drowned in a dyke" containing less than "half
+a foot of water;" that his only daughter might be a leper; and that
+Banastar himself might "live in death and die in life."--Thomas
+Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+BANBERG (_The Bishop of_), introduced in Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BANBURY CHEESE. Bardolph calls Slender a "Banbury cheese" (_Merry
+Wives of Windsor_, act i. sc. 1); and in _Jack Drum's Entertainment_
+we read, "You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring." The
+Banbury cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in
+thickness.
+
+BANDY-LEGGED, Armand Gouffé (1775-1845), also called _Le panard du
+dix-neuvième siecle_. He was one of the founders of the "Caveau
+moderne."
+
+BANKS, a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch
+of Edmonton.--_The Witch of Edmonton_ (by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford,
+1658).
+
+BANQUO, a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward
+the Confessor. He was murdered at the instigation of king Macbeth, but
+his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of
+kings who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of
+England, in whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the
+blasted heath hailed Banquo as--
+
+  (1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater.
+  (2) Not so happy, yet much happier.
+  (3) Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.
+
+  Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3 (1606).
+
+(Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore
+Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.)
+
+BAN´SHEE, a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland has
+its banshee, who is supposed to give it warning of approaching death
+or danger.
+
+BANTAM (_Angela Cyrus_), grand-master of the ceremonies at "Ba-ath,"
+and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the _élite_ of Bath.--C.
+Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BAP, a contraction of _Bap'liomet, i.e._ Mahomet. An imaginary idol
+or symbol which the Templars were accused of employing in their
+mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone,
+with two heads, one male and the other female, but all the rest of the
+figure was female. Specimens still exist.
+
+BAP'TES (2 _syl_.), priests of the goddess Cotytto, whose midnight
+orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of
+obscenity. (Greek, _bapto_, "to baptize," because these priests bathed
+themselves in the most effeminate manner.)
+
+BAPTIS'TA, a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na "the
+shrew," and Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).
+
+BAPTISTI DAMIOTTI, a Paduan quack, who shows in the enchanted mirror
+a picture representing the clandestine marriage and infidelity of
+sir Philip Forester.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+BAR'ABAS, the faithful servant of Ealph Lascours, captain of the
+_Uran'ia._ His favorite expression is "I am afraid;" but he always
+acts most bravely when he is afraid. (See BARRABAS.)--E. Stirling,
+_The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+BAR'ADAS (_Count_), the king's favorite, first gentleman of the
+chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill
+Richelieu, and place the duc d'Orleans on the throne of France.
+Baradas loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de
+Mauprat. When Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count
+Baradas his chief minister, but scarcely had he so done when a
+despatch was put into his hand revealing the conspiracy, and Richelieu
+ordered Baradas' instant arrest.--Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).
+
+BARAK EL HADGI, the fakir´, an emissary from the court of Hyder
+Ali.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+BARBARA, the widowed heroine whose vacillations of devotion to her
+buried husband and the living cousin who might be his twin, furnish
+the _motif_ for Amelie Rives's story, _The Quick or the Dead?_ (1888).
+
+BARBARA FLOYD, lonely-hearted wife in George Fleming's (Julia C.
+Fletcher) novel, _The Head of Medusa_. The scene of the story is laid
+in modern Rome; Barbara, married to an Italian nobleman, has an inner
+and purer life with which the corruptions of the gay capital meddle
+not.--(1880.)
+
+BARBARA FRIETCHIE, heroic old woman of Frederick, Maryland, who took
+up the flag the men had hauled down at the command of Stonewall
+Jackson.--John Greenleaf Whittier, _Barbara Frietchie_ (1864).
+
+  Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er
+  And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.
+
+  Honor to her! and let a tear
+  Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.
+
+  Over Barbara Frietchie's grave
+  Flag of Freedom and Union wave.
+
+  Peace and order and beauty draw
+  Bound thy symbol of light and law,
+
+  And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick Town.
+
+BARBARA HOLABIRD, the rattle-pate of the Holabird sisters in
+A.D.T. Whitney's _We Girls_. She coins words and bakes lace-edged
+griddle-cakes and contrives rhymes, and tells on the last page of the
+book how it was made. "We rushed in, especially I, Barbara, and did
+little bits, and so it came to be a Song o' Sixpence, and at last four
+Holabirds were 'singing in the pie.'"--(1868.)
+
+BARBARA'S HISTORY, story of young, untrained but bright and attractive
+girl who marries a man of the world. The conflict of two strong,
+wayward natures is long and fierce, resulting in temporary separation,
+and the discipline of sorrow and absence in reconciliation.--Amelia B.
+Edwards.
+
+BARBAROSSA ("_red beard_"), surname of Frederick I. of Germany
+(1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in
+Kyffhauserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his
+six knights, waiting the "fulness of time," when he will come from his
+cave to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place
+of all the-world. His beard has already grown through the table-slab,
+but must wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent.
+(See MANSUR, CHARLEMAGNE, ABTHUR, DESMOND, SEBASTIAN I., to whom
+similar legends are attached.)
+
+  Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave,
+  Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+_Barbarossa_, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick
+Barbarossa, the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horne Barbarossa,
+the corsair (1475-1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylenê, who
+made himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to
+Turkey. He killed the Moorish king; tried to cut off Selim the son,
+but without success; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow,
+who rejected his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for
+seven years. Selim returned unexpectedly to Algiers, and a general
+rising took place; Barbarossa was slain by the insurgents; Zaphira was
+restored to the throne; and Selim her son married Irenê the daughter
+of Barbarossa (1742).
+
+BAR'BARA (_St._), the patron saint of arsenals. When her father was
+about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning.
+
+BARBASON, the name of a demon. Amaimon sounds well; Lucifer well;
+Barbason well; yet they are ... the names of fiends.--_Merry Wives of
+Windsor_, ii. 2.
+
+  I am not Barbason, you cannot conjure me.--_Henry
+  V_. ii. 1.
+
+BAR'BASON, the name of a demon mentioned in _The Merry Wives of
+Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2 (1596).
+
+  I am not Barbason; you cannot conjure me.--Shakespeare,
+  _Henry V_. act ii. sc. I (1599).
+
+BARBY ELSTER, sharp-tongued and sweet-hearted "help" in the Rossiter
+family in Susan Warner's _Queechy_. She considers herself her
+employers' more-than-equal and loses no opportunity of expressing the
+conviction.--(1852.)
+
+BARCLAY OF URY, an Aberdeen laird, persecuted as a "Quaker coward"
+by a mob of former friends and dependents, offers no resistance and
+  refuses defence from the sword of an ancient henchman.
+
+  "Is the sinful servant more
+  Than his gracious Lord who bore
+  Bonds and stripes in Jewry?"
+
+  J.G. Whittier, _Barclay of Ury_.
+
+BARCO'CHEBAH, an antichrist.
+
+  Shared the fall of the antichrist Barcochebar.--Professor
+  Selwin, _Ecce Homo_.
+
+BARD OF AVON, Shakespeare, born and buried at Stratford-upon-Avon
+(1564-1616).
+
+_Bard of Ayrshire_, Robert Burns, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796).
+
+_Bard of Hope_, Thomas Campbell, author of _The Pleasures of Hope_
+(1777-1844).
+
+_Bard of the Imagination_, Mark Akenside, author of _The Pleasures of
+the Imagination_ (1721-1770).
+
+_Bard of Memory_, S. Rogers, author of _The Pleasures of Memory_
+(1762-1855).
+
+_Bard of Olney_, W. Cowper _[Coo'-per]_, who lived for many years at
+Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800).
+
+_Bard of Prose_, Boccaccio.
+
+  He of the hundred tales of love.
+
+  Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 56 (1818).
+
+_Bard of Rydal Mount_, William Wordsworth, who lived at Rydal
+Mount; also called "Poet of the Excursion," from his principal poem
+(1770-1850).
+
+_Bard of Twickenham_, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham
+(1688-1744).
+
+BARDELL _(Mrs.)_, landlady of "apartments for single gentlemen" in
+Groswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded
+herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one
+occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put
+herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled
+lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pickwick of "breach of
+promise," and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subsequently
+Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in
+the Fleet.--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BARDE'SANIST (4 _syl_.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a Gnostic
+sect in the second century.
+
+BARDO BARDI, aged blind scholar, father of Romola. She is his
+colaborer in the studies he pursues despite his infirmity.--George
+Eliot, _Romola_.
+
+BAR'DOLPH, corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 _Henry
+IV._ and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_. In _Henry V._ he is promoted
+to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardolph is a
+bravo, but great humorist; he is a lowbred, drunken swaggerer, wholly
+without principle, and always poor. His red, pimply nose is an
+everlasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion
+thereto calls Bardolph "The Knight of the Burning Lamp." He says to
+him, "Thou art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop."
+Elsewhere he tells the corporal he had saved him a "thousand marks in
+links and torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and
+tavern."--Shakespeare.
+
+  We are much of the mind of Falstaff's tailor.
+  We must have better assurance for sir John than
+  Bardolph's.--Macaulay.
+
+(The reference is to 2 _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks
+Page, "What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak
+and slops!" Page replies, "He said, sir, you should procure him better
+assurance than Bardolph. He ... liked not the security.")
+
+BARDON _(Hugh)_, the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant
+Fitzurse.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BAREFOOT BOY, reminiscence of the author's own boyhood in Whittier's
+poem, _The Barefoot Boy_.
+
+  Prince thou art,--the grown-up man
+  Only is republican.
+
+BARÈRE (2 _syl_.), an advocate of Toulouse, called "The Anacreon of
+the Guillotine." He was president of the Convention, a member of the
+Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the condemnation to death
+of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed
+that "Terror must be the order of the day." In the first empire Barère
+bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from
+France, and retired to Brussels (1755-1841).
+
+  The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the
+  fiction was a noble creature compared with the
+  Barère of history.--Lord Macaulay.
+
+BARFÜSLE, pretty German child, left an orphan at a tender age, and
+cast upon the world. She maintains herself reputably and resists
+many temptations until she is happily married.--Bernard Auerbach,
+_Barfüsle._
+
+BAR'GUEST, a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes set
+up in the streets a most fearful scream in the "dead waste and middle
+of the night." The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to a
+few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the
+"gift" to others.--_Fairy Mythology, North of England_.
+
+BAR'GULUS, an Illyrian robber or pirate.
+
+  Bargulus, Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum
+  magnas opes habuit.--Cicero, _De Officiis_,
+  ii. 11.
+
+BARICONDO, one of the leaders of the Moorish army. He was slain by the
+duke of Clarence.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BARKER (.Mr.), friend to Sowerberry. _Mrs. Barker_, his wife.--W.
+Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_.
+
+BAR'KIS, the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling
+David Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse "Barkis is
+willin'." Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis.
+
+  He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the
+  superstition that people can't die till the tide goes
+  out, or be born till it is in. The last words he
+  utters are "Barkis is willin'."--C. Dickens, _David
+  Copperfield_, xxx. (1849).
+
+(Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, "'A parted even just between
+twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide."--_Henry V_. act ii.
+sc. 3, 1599.)
+
+BAR'LAHAM AND JOSAPHAT, the heroes and title of a minnesong, the
+object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over
+paganism. Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josaphat, an Indian
+prince. This "lay" was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and
+has been translated into every European language.--Rudolf of Ems (a
+minnesinger, thirteenth century).
+
+BARLEY _(Bill)_, Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking rum,
+and thumping on the floor.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+BARLEYCORN (_Sir John_), Malt-liquor personified. His neighbors vowed
+that sir John should die, so they hired ruffians to "plough him with
+ploughs and bury him;" this they did, and afterwards "combed him with
+harrows and thrust clods on his head," but did not kill him. Then with
+hooks and sickles they "cut his legs off at the knees," bound him like
+a thief, and left him "to wither with the wind," but he died not. They
+now "rent him to the heart," and having "mowed him in a mow," sent two
+bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that "all his
+flesh fell from his bones," but yet he died not. To a kiln they next
+hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning.
+They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore
+no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging
+spirits even of his worst persecutors.
+
+[Illustration] This song, from the _English Dancing-Master_ (1651), is
+generally ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did
+was slightly to alter parts of it. The same may be said of "Auld lang
+Syne," "Ca' the Yowes," "My Heart is Sair for Somebody," "Green grow
+the Rashes, O!" and several other songs, set down to the credit of
+Burns.
+
+BARLOW, the favorite archer of Henry VIII. He was jocosely created
+by the merry monarch "Duke of Shoreditch," and his two companions
+"Marquis of Islington" and "Earl of Pancras."
+
+_Barlow (Billy)_, a jester, who fancied himself a "mighty potentate."
+He was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel
+workhouse. Some of his sayings were really witty, and some of his
+attitudes truly farcical.
+
+BAR'MECIDE. Schacabac "the hare-lipped," a man in the greatest
+distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest
+asked him to dine with him. Barmecide first washed in hypothetical
+water, Schacabac followed his example. Barmecide then pretended to eat
+of various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly,
+and so the "feast" went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was
+so pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter
+into the spirit of the joke without resentment, that he ordered in
+a real banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("The Barber's Sixth Brother").
+
+BAR'NABAS _(St.)_, a disciple of Gamaliel, cousin of St. Mark, and
+fellow-laborer with St. Paul. He was martyred at Salamis, A.D. 63.
+_St. Barnabas' Day_ is June 11.--_Acts_ iv. 36, 37.
+
+BAR'NABY _(Widow)_, the title and chief character of a novel by Mrs.
+Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pretentious husband-hunter,
+wholly without principle. _Widow Barnaby_ has a sequel called _The
+Barnabys in America, or The Widow Married_, a satire on America and
+the Americans (1840).
+
+BARNABY RUDGE, a half-witted whose companion is a raven. He is enticed
+into joining the Gordon rioters.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Budge_ (1841).
+(See RUDGE.)
+
+BARNACLE, brother of old Nicholas Cockney, and guardian of Priscilla
+Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old school,
+who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the "Cockney" school
+inconsistent with prosperous shop-keeping. Though brusque and
+even ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of
+character.--_The Romp_ (altered from Bickerstaff's _Love in the
+City_).
+
+BARNADINE, malefactor, condemned to death, "who will not die that day,
+upon any man's persuasion."--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_.
+
+BARNES (1 _syl_.), servant to colonel Mannering, at Woodburne.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BARNEY, a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low
+public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always
+spoke through his nose.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BARN'STABLE (_Lieutenant_), in the British navy, in love with Kate
+Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being
+approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable
+goes to America to discover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but
+being seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to
+the yardarm of an American frigate called the _Alacrity_. Scarcely is
+the young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is
+his own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time
+to save him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his
+affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_ (a burletta).
+
+BARNWELL (_George_), the chief character and title of a tragedy by
+George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in
+love with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first
+robs his master of £200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at
+Ludlow, and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity,
+Sarah Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are
+executed (1732).
+
+[Illustration] For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as
+a useful lesson to London apprentices. BARON (_The old English_), a
+romance by Clara Reeve (1777).
+
+BAR'RABAS, the rich "Jew of Malta." He is simply a human monster,
+who kills in sport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal
+machines. Shakespeare's "Shylock" has a humanity in the very whirlwind
+of his resentment, but Marlowe's "Barrabas" is a mere ideal of
+that "thing" which Christian prejudice once deemed a Jew. (See
+BARABAS.)--Marlowe, _The Jew of Malta_ (1586).
+
+_Bar'rabas_, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ
+by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament _Barab'has_.
+Marlowe calls the word "Barrabas" in his _Jew of Malta_, and
+Shakespeare says:
+
+  "Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas
+  Had been her husband, rather than a Christian."
+
+  _Merchant of Venice_, act iv. sc. 1 (1598).
+
+BARRY CORNWALL, the _nom de plume_ of Bryan Waller Procter. It is an
+imperfect anagram of his name (1788-1874).
+
+BARSAD (_John), alias_ Solomon Pross, a spy.
+
+  He had an aquiline nose, but not straight,
+  having a peculiar inclination towards the left
+  cheek; expression, therefore, sinister.--C. Dickens,
+  _A Tale of Two Cities_, ii. 16 (1859).
+
+BARSIS'A (_Santon_), in _The Guardian_, the basis of the story called
+_The Monk_, by M. G. Lewis (1796).
+
+BARSTON, _alias_ captain Fenwicke, a jesuit and secret correspondent
+of the conntess of Derby.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BARTHOL'OMEW (_Brother_), guide of the two Philipsons on their way to
+Strasburg.
+
+--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Bartholomew (St.)._ His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in
+allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive.
+
+BARTLEY HUBBARD, the "smart" newspaper-man in _A Modern Instance_, by
+William Dean Howells (1883). He also plies his trade and exhibits his
+assurance in _The Rise of Silas Lapham_ (1885).
+
+BARTOLDO, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of sustenance.
+Fazio rifled his treasures, and on the accusation of his own wife was
+tried and executed.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815).
+
+_Bartoldo_, same as _Bertoldo_ (_q.v._).
+
+BARTOLI (in French _Barthole_, better known, however, by the Latin
+form of the name, _Bartolus_) was the most famous master of the
+dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso
+Ferrata in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of
+Perugia. His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were
+quoted as authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French
+proverb, applied to a well-read lawyer, _He knows his "Barthole" as
+well as a Cordelier his "Dormi_" (an anonymous compilation of sermons
+for the use of the Cordelier monks). Another common French expression,
+_Résolu comme Barthole_ ("as decided as Barthole"), is a sort of
+punning allusion to his _Resolutiones Bartoli_, a work in which the
+knottiest questions are solved with _ex cathedra_ peremptoriness.
+
+BAR'TOLUS, a covetous lawyer, husband of Amaran'ta.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+BARTON (_Sir Andrew_), a Scotch sea-officer, who had obtained in 1511
+letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals upon
+the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which the
+earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from British
+merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided to
+put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of
+sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir
+Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts,
+called "Sir Andrew Barton," is inserted in Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii.
+12.
+
+BARTRAM, the lime-burner, an obtuse, middle-aged clown in _Ethan
+Brand_ by Nathaniel Hawthorne. When he finds the suicide's skeleton in
+the kiln, the heart whole within the ribs, he congratulates himself
+that "his kiln is half a bushel richer for him" (1846).
+
+BARUCH. _Dites, donc, avez-vous lu Baruch?_ Said when a person puts
+an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus:
+Lafontaine went one day with Racine to _tenebrae_, and was given a
+Bible. He turned at random to the "Prayer of the Jews," in Baruch, and
+was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, "Dites, donc, who
+was this Baruch? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius;" and
+for some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was,
+_Diles, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Baruch?_
+
+BARZIL'LAI (3 _syl_.), the duke of Ormond, a friend and firm adherent
+of Charles II. As Barzillai assisted David when he was expelled by
+Absalom from his kingdom, so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he was
+in exile.
+
+  Barzillai, crowned with honors and with years,...
+  In exile with his god-like prince he mourned,
+  For him he suffered, and with him returned.
+
+Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i.
+
+BASA-ANDRE, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a
+sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a
+beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden
+comb). She hates church bells. (See BASA-JAUN.)
+
+BASA-JAUN, a wood-sprite, married to Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both
+hated the sound of church bells. Three brothers and their sister
+agreed to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the
+finger of the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they
+accomplished. The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each
+of the footbaths of her brothers, and lo! they became oxen. The girl
+crossing a bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her
+brothers she would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the
+girl to give each brother three blows on the back with a hazel wand,
+and on so doing they were restored to their proper forms.--Rev. W.
+Webster, _Basque Legends_, 49 (1877).
+
+BAS BLEU, nickname applied to literary women in the days succeeding
+the French Revolution, made familiar in America by J. K. Paulding's
+_Azure Hose_.
+
+BASHABA, sachem in J. G.L. Whittier's poem, _The Bridal of Pennacock_.
+His beautiful daughter, scorned by the chief to whom Bashaba gave her
+in marriage, and detained against her will by her angry father, steals
+away by night in a canoe and IS drowned in a vain attempt
+
+  To seek the wigwam of her chief once more.
+
+BASHFUL MAN (_The_), a comic drama by
+
+W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blushington, a young man just come into a
+large fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He
+dines at Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders.
+His college chum, Frank Friendly, sends word to say that he and his
+sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him
+at Blushington House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his
+shyness, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah
+Friendly.
+
+BASIL, the blacksmith of Grand Pré, in Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_), and
+father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When, the colony was
+driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana,
+and greatly prospered; but his son led a wandering life, looking for
+Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague.--Longfellow,
+_Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BASIL MARCH, a clever, cynical, and altogether charming man of letters
+who takes one of the leading parts in William Dean Howells's _Their
+Wedding Journey. A Chance Acquaintance_, and _A Hazard of New
+Fortunes_.
+
+BA'SILE (2 _syl_.), a calumniating, niggardly bigot in _Le Mariage de
+Figaro_, and again in _Le Barbier de Séville_, both by Beaumarchais.
+Basile and Tartuffe are the two French incarnations of religious
+hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the
+lay religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in
+slander.
+
+BASILIS'CO, a bully and a braggart, in _Solyman and Perseda_ (1592).
+Shakespeare has made Pistol the counterpart of Basilisco.
+
+  Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like.
+
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act i. sc. 1 (1596).
+
+(That is, "my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good
+mother.")
+
+BASILISK, supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on it.
+Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, "Come, basilisk, and kill the innocent
+gazer with thy sight."
+
+  Natus in ardente Lydiæ basiliscus arena,
+  Vulnerat aspectu, luminibusque nocet.
+
+  Mantuanus.
+
+BASILIUS, a neighbor of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but
+when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and
+promised Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the
+vicinity. On their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen
+on his sword, and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed
+Quiteria to marry him, "for his soul's peace," and as it was deemed
+a mere ceremony, they were married in due form. Up then started the
+wounded man, and showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the
+blood that of a sheep from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully
+accepted the defeat, and allowed the preparations for the general
+feast to proceed.
+
+  Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar
+  admirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and
+  is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck,
+  leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like
+  a wizard. Then he has a fine voice for singing,
+  he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and
+  handles a foil as well as any fencer in Spain.--Cervantes,
+  _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 4 (1615).
+
+BASRIG or BAGSECG, a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or Halfdene
+(2 _syl_.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex. In this
+year Ethelred fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The first
+was the battle of Englefield, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes; the
+next was the battle of Beading, won by the Danes; the third was the
+famous battle of Æscesdun or Ashdune (now _Ashton_), lost by the
+Danes, and in which king Bagsecg was slain.
+
+  And Ethelred with them [_the Danes_] nine sundry fields that fought ...
+  Then Reading ye regained, led by that valiant lord,
+  Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+
+Next year (871) the Danes for the first time entered Wessex.... The
+first place they came to was Reading.... Nine great battles, besides
+smaller skirmishes, were fought this year, in some of which the
+English won, and in others the Danes. First, alderman Æthelwulf fought
+the Danes at Englefield, and beat them. Four days after that there was
+another battle at Reading ... where the Danes had the better of it,
+and Æthelwulf was killed. Four days afterwards there was another more
+famous battle at Æscesdun ... and king Æthelred fought against the
+two kings, and slew Bagsecg with his own hand.--E. A. Freeman, _Old
+English History_ (1869); see Asser, _Life of Alfred_ (ninth century).
+
+
+BASSA'NIO, the lover of Portia, successful in his choice of the three
+caskets, which awarded her to him as wife. It was for Bassanio that
+his friend Antonio borrowed 3000 ducats of the Jew Shylock, on the
+strange condition that if he returned the loan within three months no
+interest should be required, but if not, the Jew might claim a pound
+of Antonio's flesh for forfeiture.--Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_
+(1598).
+
+BAS'SET _(Count)_, a swindler and forger, who assumes the title of
+"count" to further his dishonest practices.--C. Cibber, _The Provoked
+Husband_ (1728).
+
+BASSIA'NUS, brother of Satur'nius emperor of Rome, in love with
+Lavin'ia daughter of Titus Andron'icus (properly _Andronicus_). He
+is stabbed by Deme'trius and Chiron, sons of Tam'ora queen of the
+Goths.--(?) Shakespeare, _Titus Andronicus_ (1593).
+
+BASSI'NO _(Count)_, the "perjured husband of Aurelia" slain by
+Alonzo.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Perjured Husband_ (1700).
+
+BASSANIO, a youth of noble birth but crippled fortunes, whose desire
+to win the hand of Portia, a rich heiress, is the moving spring of the
+action of Shakespeare's _The Merchant of Venice_. Portia's father has
+left three caskets, and has ordered in his will that his daughter is
+to marry only the man who chooses the casket that holds her portrait.
+That Bassanio may enter the list of Portia's suitors, his friend
+Antonio borrows money of Shylock, a Jew, who, out of hatred to the
+merchant, entraps him into pledging a pound of his flesh as surety for
+the loan. Bassanio marries Portia, but misfortune overtakes Antonio,
+he forfeits his bond, and his life is only saved by a quibble devised
+by Portia.
+
+BASTARD OF ORLEANS, in Shakespeare's _Henry VI_ Part 1, is Jean Dunois
+a natural son of Louis of Orleans, brother of Charles VI.
+
+BAT (_Dr_.), naturalist in Cooper's _Prairie_, who mistakes his ass at
+night for a monster described in his note-book.
+
+BATES (1 _syl_.), a soldier in the army of Henry V. He with Court and
+Williams are sentinals before the English camp at Agincourt, and the
+king disguised comes to them during the watch, and talks with them
+respecting the impending battle,--Shakespeare, _Henry V_.
+
+_Bates (Charley)_, generally called "Master Bates," one of Fagin's
+"pupils," training to be a pickpocket. He is always laughing
+uproariously, and is almost equal in artifice and adroitness to "The
+Artful Dodger" himself.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+_Bates (Frank)_, the friend of Whittle. A man of good plain sense, who
+tries to laugh the old beau out of his folly.--Garrick, _The Irish
+Widow_ (1757).
+
+BATH (_King of_), Richard Nash, generally called _Beau_ Nash,
+master of-the ceremonies for fifteen years in that fashionable city
+(1674-1761).
+
+_Bath (The Maid of_), Miss Linley, a beautiful and accomplished
+singer, who married Richard B. Sheridan, the statesman and dramatist.
+
+_Bath (The Wife of_), one of the pilgrims travelling from Southwark
+to Canterbury, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. She tells her tale in
+turn, and chooses "Midas" for her subject (1388).
+
+BATHSHEBA in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_ is Louisa de
+Queronailles, a young French lady brought into England by the Duchess
+of Orleans, and who became the mistress of Charles II. The King made
+her Duchess of Portsmouth.
+
+  My father [_Charles II._] whom with reverence I name ...
+  Is grown in Bathsheba's embraces old.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii.
+
+BATHSHEBA EVERDEIIE, handsome heiress of an English farmstead, beloved
+by two honest men and one knave. She marries the knave in haste, and
+repents it at leisure for years thereafter. Released by his death,
+she marries Gabriel Oak.--Thomas Hardy, _Far from the Madding Crowd_
+(1874).
+
+BATTAR _(Al), i.e. the trenchant_, one of Mahomet's swords.
+
+BATTUS, a shepherd of Arcadia. Having witnessed Mercury's theft of
+Apollo's oxen, he received a cow from the thief to ensure his
+secrecy; but, in order to test his fidelity, Mercury re-appeared soon
+afterwards, and offered him an ox and a cow if he would blab. Battus
+fell into the trap, and was instantly changed into a touchstone.
+
+  When Tantalus in hell sees store and starves;
+  And senseless Battus for a touchstone serves.
+
+Lord Brooke, _Treatise on Monarchie_, iv.
+
+BAU'CIS AND PHILEMON, an aged Phrygian woman and her husband, who
+received Jupiter and Mercury hospitably when every one else in the
+place had refused to entertain them. For this courtesy the gods
+changed the Phrygians' cottage into a magnificent temple, and
+appointed the pious couple over it. They both died at the same time,
+according to their wish, and were converted into two trees before the
+temple.--_Greek and Roman Mythology_.
+
+BAUL'DIE (2 _syl._), stable-boy of Joshua Geddes the quaker.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Red-gauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+_Baul'die_ (2 _syl._), the old shepherd in the introduction of the
+story called _The Black Dwarf_, by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).
+
+BAVIAN FOOL (_The_), one of the characters in the old morris-dance. He
+wore a red cap faced with yellow, a yellow "slabbering-bib," a blue
+doublet, red hose, and black shoes. He represents an overgrown baby,
+but was a tumbler, and mimicked the barking of a dog. The word Bavian
+is derived from _bavon_, a "bib for a slabbering child" (see Cotgrave,
+_French Dictionary_). In modern French _bave_ means "drivel,"
+"slabbering," and the verb _baver_ "to slabber," but the bib is now
+called _bavette_. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)
+
+BAVIE'CA, the Cid's horse. He survived his master two years and a
+half, and was buried at Valencia. No one was ever allowed to mount him
+after the death of the Cid.
+
+BAVIUS, any vile poet. (See MÆVIUS.)
+
+BAWTRY. _Like the saddler of Baivtry, who was hanged for leaving his
+liquor_. (_Yorkshire Proverb_.) It was customary for criminals on
+their way to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a
+"parting draught." The saddler of Bawtry refused to accept the liquor,
+and was hanged, whereas if he had stopped a few minutes at the tavern
+his reprieve, which was on the road, would have arrived in time to
+save him.
+
+BA'YARD, _Le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche_; born in France in
+1475. He served under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.; bore a gallant
+part in the "Battle of the Spurs," and died in 1524 of wounds received
+while in action.
+
+_The British Bayard_, sir Philip Sidney (1554-1584).
+
+_The Polish Bayard_, prince Joseph Poniatowski (1763-1814).
+
+_The Bayard of India_, sir James Outram (1803-1863). So called by sir
+Charles Napier.
+
+_Ba'yard_, a horse of incredible speed, belonging to the four sons of
+Aymon. If only one mounted, the horse was of the ordinary size, but
+increased in proportion as two or more mounted. (The word means
+"bright bay color.")--Villeneuve, _Les Quatre fils Aymon_.
+
+_Bayard_, the steed of Fitz-James.--Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_,
+v. 18 (1810).
+
+BAYAR'DO, the famous steed of Rinaldo, which once belonged to Amadis
+of Gaul. It was found in a grotto by the wizard Malagigi, along with
+the sword Fusberta, both of which he gave to his cousin Rinaldo.
+
+  His color bay, and hence his name he drew--
+  Bayardo called. A star of silver hue
+  Emblazed his front.
+
+Tasso, _Rinaldo_, ii. 220 (1562).
+
+BAYES (1 _syl._), the chief character of _The Rehearsal_, a farce by
+George Villiers, duke of Buckingham (1671). Bayes is represented
+as greedy of applause, impatient of censure, meanly obsequious,
+regardless of plot, and only anxious for claptrap. The character is
+meant for John Dryden.
+
+[Illustration] C. Dibdin, in his _History of the Stage_, states that
+Mrs. Mountford played "Bayes" "with more variety than had ever been
+thrown into the part before."
+
+  No species of novel-writing exposes itself to a
+  severer trial, since it not only resigns all Bayes'
+  pretensions "to elevate the imagination," ... but
+  places its productions within the range
+  of [general] criticism.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Romance."
+
+BAYNARD (_Mr._), introduced in an episode in the novel called
+_Humphrey Clinker_, by Smollett (1771).
+
+BEA'CON (_Tom_), groom to Master Chiffinch (private emissary of
+Charles II.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+BEA'GLE (_Sir Harry_), a horsy country gentleman, who can talk of
+nothing but horses and dogs. He is wofully rustic and commonplace. Sir
+Harry makes a bargain with lord Trinket to give up Harriet to him in
+exchange for his horse. (See GOLDFINCH.)--George Colman, _The Jealous
+Wife_ (1761).
+
+BEAK. Sir John Fielding was called "The Blind Beak" (died 1780). BEAN
+LEAN (_Donald_), _alias_ Will Ruthven, a Highland robber-chief.
+He also appears disguised as a peddler on the roadside leading to
+Stirling. Waverley is rowed to the robber's cave and remains there all
+night.
+
+_Alice Bean_, daughter of Donald Bean Lean, who attends on Waverley
+during a fever.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BEAR (_The Brave_). Warwick is so called from his cognizance, which
+was _a bear and ragged staff_.
+
+BEARCLIFF (_Deacon_), at the Gordon Arms or Kippletringam inn, where
+colonel Mannering stops on his return to England, and hears of
+Bertram's illness and distress.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BEARDED (_The_). (1) Geoffrey the crusader. (2) Bouchard of the house
+of Montmorency. (3) Constantine IV. (648-685). (4) Master George
+Killingworthe of the court of Ivan _the Terrible_ of Russia, whose
+beard (says Hakluyt) was five feet two inches long, yellow, thick, and
+broad. Sir Hugh Willoughby was allowed to take it in his hand.
+
+_The Bearded Master_. Soc'ratês was so called by Persius (B.C.
+468-399).
+
+_Handsome Beard_, Baldwin IV. earl of Flanders (1160-1186).
+
+_John the Bearded_, John Mayo, the German painter, whose beard touched
+the ground when he stood upright.
+
+BEARNAIS (_Le_), Henri IV. of France, so called from his native
+province, Le Béarr. (1553-1610).
+
+BEATON, the artist of _Every Other Week_, the story of which
+periodical is told in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_
+(1889).
+
+His name was Beaton--Angus Beaton. His father was a Scotchman, but
+Beaton was born in Syracuse, New York, and it had taken only three
+years to obliterate many traces of native and ancestral manner in him.
+He wore his thick beard cut shorter than his moustache, and a little
+pointed; he stood with his shoulders well thrown back, and with a
+lateral curve of his person when he talked about art which would alone
+have carried conviction, even if he had not had a thick, dark bang
+coming almost to the brows of his mobile gray eyes, and had not spoken
+English with quick, staccato impulses, so as to give it the effect of
+epigrammatic and sententious French.
+
+BE'ATRICE (3 _syl_.), a child eight years old, to whom Dantê at the
+age of nine was ardently attached. She was the daughter of Folco
+Portina'ri, a rich citizen of Florence. Beatrice married Simoni de
+Bardi, and died before she was twenty-four years old (1266-1290).
+Dantê married Gemma Donati, and his marriage was a most unhappy one.
+His love for Beatrice remained after her decease. She was the fountain
+of his poetic inspiration, and in his _Divina Commedia_ he makes her
+his guide through paradise.
+
+Dantê's Beatrice and Milton's Eve Were not drawn from their spouses
+you conceive. Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 10 (1820).
+
+(Milton, who married Mary Powell, of Oxfordshire, was as unfortunate
+in his choice as Dantê.)
+
+_Beatrice_, wife of Ludov'ico Sforza.
+
+_Beatrice_, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, sister of Leonora
+duchess of Ferrara, and wife of Mathias Corvi'nus of Hungary.
+
+_Beatrice_, niece of Leonato governor of Messina, lively and
+light-hearted, affectionate and impulsive. Though wilful she is not
+wayward, though volatile she is not unfeeling, though teeming with wit
+and gaiety she is affectionate and energetic. At first she dislikes
+Benedick, and thinks him a flippant conceited coxcomb; but overhearing
+a conversation between her cousin Hero and her gentlewoman, in which
+Hero bewails that Beatrice should trifle with such deep love as that
+of Benedick, and should scorn so true and good a gentleman, she cries,
+"Sits the wind thus? then, farewell, contempt. Benedick, love on; I
+will requite you." This conversation of Hero's was a mere ruse, but
+Benedick had been caught by a similar trick played by Claudio, don
+Pedro, and Leonato. The result was they sincerely loved each other,
+and were married.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+BEATRICE CENCI, the _Beautiful Parricide (q.v.)._
+
+BEATRICE D'ESTE, canonized at Rome.
+
+BEATRICE GIORGINI, an Italian contessa whose parents contract a secret
+marriage, an unequal match as to birth and fortune, and, dying young,
+one by violence, leave their child in charge of Betta, a faithful
+nurse, who takes her to her mother's mother, an old peasant. At her
+grandmother's death she becomes companion to a relative of her father;
+marries don Leonardo, her father's cousin and one of the witnesses to
+the secret marriage, and uses him to prove her legitimacy and his own
+treachery.--Mary Agnes Tincker, _Two Coronets_ (1889).
+
+BEAU BRUMMEL, George Bryan Brummel, son of a London pastry-cook, who
+became the fashion at the court of George III. and reigning favorite
+of the Prince of Wales. His story has been made the foundation of a
+brilliant American play by Clyde Fitch, in which Richard Mansfield
+takes the part of Brummel (1890).
+
+BEAU CLARK, a billiard-maker at the beginning of the nineteenth
+century. He was called "The Bean," assumed the name of _Beauelerc_,
+and paid his addresses to a _protégée_ of lord Fife.
+
+BEAU FIELDING, called "Handsome Fielding" by Charles II., by a play on
+his name, which was Hendrome Fielding. He died in Scotland Yard.
+
+BEAU HEWITT was the original of sir George Etherege's "Sir Fopling
+Flutter," in the comedy called _The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling
+Flutter_ (1676).
+
+BEAU NASH, Richard Nash, called also "King of Bath;" a Welsh
+gentleman, who for fifteen years managed the bath-rooms of Bath, and
+conducted the balls with unparalleled splendor and decorum. In his old
+age he sank into poverty (1674-1761).
+
+BEAU D'ORSAY _(Le)_, father of count d'Orsay, whom Byron calls "_Jeune
+Cupidon._"
+
+BEAU SEANT, the Templars' banner, half white and half black; the white
+signified that the Templars were good to Christians, the black, that
+they were evil to infidels.
+
+BEAU TIBBS, in Goldsmith's _Citizen of the World_, a dandy noted for
+his finery, vanity, and poverty.
+
+BEAUCLERK, Henry I. king of England (1068, 1100-1135).
+
+BEAUFORT, the lover of Maria Wilding, whom he ultimately marries.--A.
+Murphy, _The Citizen_ (a farce).
+
+BEAUJEU (_Mons. le chevalier de_), keeper of a gambling-house to which
+Dalgarno takes Nigel.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James
+I.).
+
+_Beaujeu_ (_Mons. le comte de_), a French officer in the army of the
+Chevalier Charles Edward, the Pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_
+(time, George II.).
+
+BEAUMAINS ("_big hands_"), a nickname which sir Key (Arthur's steward)
+gave to Gareth when he was kitchen drudge in the palace. "He had the
+largest hands that ever man saw." Gareth was the son of king Lot and
+Margawse (king Arthur's sister). His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir
+Agravain, and sir Gaheris. Mordred was his half-brother.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120 (1470).
+
+[Illustration] His achievements are given under the name "Gareth"
+(q.v.).
+
+Tennyson, in his _Gareth and Lynette_, makes sir Key tauntingly
+address Lancelot thus, referring to Gareth:
+
+  Fair and fine, forsooth!
+  Sir Fine-face, sir Fair-hands? But see thou to it
+  That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day,
+  Undo thee not.
+
+Be it remembered that Key himself called Gareth "Beaumain" from the
+extraordinary size of the lad's hands; but the taunt put into the
+mouth of Key by the poet indicates that the lad prided himself on his
+"fine" face and "fair" hands, which is not the case. If "fair hands"
+is a translation of this nickname, it should be "fine hands," which
+bears the equivocal sense of _big_ and _beautiful_.
+
+BEAU'MANOIR (_Sir Lucas_), Grand-Master of the Knights Templars.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BEAUPRE [_Bo-pray_'], son of judge Vertaigne (2 _syl_.) and brother of
+Lami'ra.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+BEAUTÉ (2 _syl_). _La dame de Beauté_. Agnes Sorel, so called from the
+château de Beauté, on the banks of the Marne, given to her by Charles
+VII. (1409-1450).
+
+BEAUTIFUL CORISANDE (3 _syl_). Diane comtesse de Guiche et de
+Grammont. She was the daughter of Paul d'Andouins, and married
+Philibert de Grammont, who died in 1580. The widow outlived her
+husband for twenty-six years. Henri IV., before he was king of
+Navarre, was desperately smitten by La belle Corisande, and when Henri
+was at war with the League, she sold her diamonds to raise for him a
+levy of 20,000 Gascons (1554-1620).
+
+(The letters of Henri to Corisande are still preserved in the
+_Bibliothéque de l'Arsenal_, and were published in 1769.)
+
+BEAUTIFUL PARRICIDE (_The_), Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a Roman
+nobleman, who plotted the death of her father because he violently
+defiled her. She was executed in 1605. Shelley has a tragedy on the
+subject, entitled _The Cenci_. Guido Reni's portrait of Beatrice is
+well known through its numberless reproductions.
+
+BEAUTY (_Queen of_). So the daughter of Schems'edeen' Mohammed, vizier
+of Egypt, was called. She married her cousin, Bed'redeen' Hassan, son
+of Nour'edeen' Ali, vizier of Basora.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen
+Ali," etc.).
+
+BEAUTY AND THE BEAST (_La Belle et la Bête_'), from _Les Contes
+Marines_ of Mde. Villeneuvre (1740), the most beautiful of all nursery
+tales. A young and lovely woman saved her father by putting herself in
+the power of a frightful but kind-hearted monster, whose respectful
+affection and melancholy overcame her aversion to his ugliness, and
+she consented to become his bride. Being thus freed from enchantment,
+the monster assumed his proper form and became a young and handsome
+prince.
+
+BEAUTY OF BUTTERMERE (3 syl.), Mary Robinson, who married John
+Hatfield, a heartless impostor executed for forgery at Carlisle in
+1803.
+
+BEAUX' STRATAGEM (_The_), by George Farquhar. Thomas viscount Aimwell
+and his friend Archer (the two beaux), having run through all their
+money, set out fortune-hunting, and come to Lichfield as "master and
+man." Aimwell pretends to be very unwell, and as lady Bountiful's
+hobby is tending the sick and playing the leech, she orders him to
+be removed to her mansion. Here he and Dorinda (daughter of lady
+Bountiful) fall in love with each other, and finally marry. Archer
+falls in love with Mrs. Sullen, the wife of squire Sullen, who had
+been married fourteen months but agreed to a divorce on the score of
+incompatibility of tastes and temper. This marriage forms no part
+of the play; all we are told is that she returns to the roof of her
+brother, sir Charles Freeman (1707).
+
+BEDE (_Adam_ and _Seth_), brothers, carpenters. Seth loves the fair
+gospeller Dinah Morris, but she marries Adam.--George Eliot, _Adam
+Bede_.
+
+_Bede (Cuthbert_), the Rev. Edward Bradley, author of _The Adventures
+of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman_ (1857).
+
+BED'ER ("_the full moon_"), son of Gulna'rê (3 syl.), the young king
+of Persia. As his mother was an under-sea princess, he was enabled to
+live under water as well as on land. Beder was a young man of handsome
+person, quick parts, agreeable manners, and amiable disposition. He
+fell in love with Giauha'rê, daughter of the king of Samandal, the
+most powerful of the under-sea empires, but Giauharê changed him into
+a white bird with red beak and red legs. After various adventures,
+Beder resumed his human form and married Giauharê.--_Arabian Nights_
+("Beder and Giauharê").
+
+BED'IVERE (_Sir_) or BED'IVER, king Arthur's butler and a knight of
+the Round Table. He was the last of Arthur's knights, and was sent by
+the dying king to throw his sword Excalibur into the mere. Being cast
+in, it was caught by an arm "clothed in white samite," and drawn into
+the stream.--Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_.
+
+Tennyson's _Morte d'Arthur_ is a very close and in many parts a verbal
+rendering of the same tale in sir Thomas Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_,
+iii. 168 (1470).
+
+BEDLOE (_Augustus_), an eccentric Virginian, an opium-eater, and
+easily hypnotized, in Edgar Allan Poe's _Tale of the Ragged Mountains_
+(1846).
+
+
+BEDOTT (_Widow_). (See HEZEKIAH BEDOTT.)
+
+BED'OUINS [_Bed'.winz_], nomadic tribes of Arabia. In common
+parlance, "the homeless street poor." Thus gutter-children are called
+"Bedouins."
+
+BED'REDEEN' HAS'SAN of Baso'ra, son of Nour'edeen' Ali grand vizier
+of Basora, and nephew to Schems'edeen' Mohammed vizier of Egypt. His
+beauty was transcendent and his talents of the first order. When
+twenty years old his father died, and the sultan, angry with him for
+keeping from court, confiscated all his goods, and would have seized
+Bedredeen if he had not made his escape. During sleep he was conveyed
+by fairies to Cairo, and substituted for an ugly groom (Hunchback) to
+whom his cousin, the Queen of Beauty, was to have been married. Next
+day he was carried off by the same means to Damascus, where he lived
+for ten years as a pastry-cook. Search was made for him, and the
+search party, halting outside the city of Damascus, sent for some
+cheese-cakes. When the cheese-cakes arrived, the widow of Nouredeen
+declared that they must have been made by her son, for no one else
+knew the secret of making them, and that she herself had taught it to
+him. On hearing this, the vizier ordered Bedredeen to be seized, "for
+making cheese-cakes without pepper," and the joke was carried on till
+the party arrived at Cairo, when the pastry-cook prince was reunited
+to his wife, the Queen of Beauty.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali,"
+etc.).
+
+BEDWIN (_Mrs._), housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. A kind, motherly soul,
+who loves Oliver Twist most dearly.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_
+(1837).
+
+BEE OF ATTICA, Soph'oclês the dramatist (B.C. 495-405). The "Athenian
+Bee" was Plato the philosopher (B.C. 428-347).
+
+  The Bee of Attica rivalled Æschylus when in
+  the possession of the stage.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+  Drama._
+
+BEEF'INGTON (_Milor_), introduced in _The Rovers._ Casimir is a Polish
+emigrant, and Beefington an English nobleman exiled by the tyranny of
+king John.--_Anti-Jacobin._
+
+  "Will without power," said the sagacious Casimir,
+  to Milor Beefington, "is like children playing
+  at soldiers."--Macaulay.
+
+BE'ELZELBUB (4 _syl_.), called "prince of the devils" (_Matt._ xii.
+24), worshipped at Ekron, a city of the Philistines (2 _Kings_ i. 2),
+and made by Milton second to Satan.
+
+  One next himself in power and next in crime--Beëlzebub.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, i. 80 (1665).
+
+BEE'NIE (2 _syl_.), chambermaid at Old St. Ronan's inn, held by Meg
+Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BEES (_Telling the_), a superstition still prevalent in some rural
+districts that the bees must be told at once if a death occur in the
+family, or every swarm will take flight. In Whittier's poem, _Telling
+the Bees_, the lover coming to visit his mistress sees the small
+servant draping the hives with black, and hears her chant:
+
+  "Stay at home, pretty bees, fly not hence,
+  Mistress Mary is dead and gone."
+
+BEFA'NA, the good fairy of Italian children. She is supposed to fill
+their shoes and socks with toys when they go to bed on Twelfth Night.
+Some one enters the bedroom for the purpose, and the wakeful youngters
+cry out, "_Ecco la Befana!_" According to legend, Befana was too busy
+with house affairs to take heed of the Magi when they went to offer
+their gifts, and said she would stop for their return; but they
+returned by another way, and Befana every Twelfth Night watches to see
+them. The name is a corruption of _Epiphania_.
+
+BEG (_Callum_), page to Fergus M'Ivor, in _Waverley_, a novel by sir
+W. Scott (time, George II.).
+
+_Beg (Toshach)_, MacGillie Chattanach's second at the combat.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (recast and
+produced, 1834). Bess, daughter of Albert, "the blind beggar of
+Bethnal Green," was intensely loved by Wilford, who first saw her
+in the streets of London, and subsequently, after diligent search,
+discovered her in the Queen's Arms inn at Romford. It turned out that
+her father Albert was brother to lord Woodville, and Wilford was his
+truant son, so that Bess was his cousin Queen Elizabeth sanctioned
+their nuptials, and took them under her own conduct. (See BLIND.)
+
+BEGGARS (_King of the_), Bampfylde Moore Carew. He succeeded Clause
+Patch (1693, 1730-1770).
+
+BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER (_The_), "Bessee the beggar's daughter of Bethnal
+Green," was very beautiful, and was courted by four suitors at
+once--a knight, a country squire, a rich merchant, and the son of an
+inn-keeper at Romford. She told them all they must first obtain the
+consent of her poor blind father, the beggar of Bethnal Green, and all
+slunk off except the knight, who went and asked leave to marry "the
+pretty Bessee." The beggar gave her for a "dot," £3000, and £100 for
+her trousseau, and informed the knight that he (the beggar) was Henry,
+son and heir of sir Simon de Montfort, and that he had disguised
+himself as a beggar to escape the vigilance of spies, who were in
+quest of all those engaged on the baron's side in the battle of
+Evesham.--Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii 10.
+
+The value of money was about twelve times more than its present
+purchase value, so that the "dot" given was equal to £36,000.
+
+BEGGAR'S OPERA (_The_), by Gay (1727). The beggar is captain Macheath.
+(For plot, see MACHEATH.)
+
+BEGGAR'S PETITION (_The_), a poem by the Rev. Thomas Moss, minister
+of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire. It was given to Mr.
+Smart, the printer, of Wolverhampton.--_Gentleman's Magazine_, lxx.
+41. BEGUINES [_Beg-wins_], the earliest of all lay societies of women
+united for religious purposes. Brabant says the order received its
+name from St. Begga, daughter of Pepin, who founded it at Namur',
+in 696; but it is more likely to be derived from _le Bègue_ ("the
+Stammerer"); and if so, it was founded at Liège, in 1180.
+
+BEH'RAM, captain of the ship which was to convey prince Assad to the
+"mountain of fire," where he was to be offered up in sacrifice. The
+ship being driven on the shores of queen Margia'na's kingdom, Assad
+became her slave, but was recaptured by Behram's crew, and carried
+back to the ship. The queen next day gave the ship chase. Assad was
+thrown overboard, and swam to the city whence he started. Behram also
+was drifted to the same place. Here the captain fell in with the
+prince, and reconducted him to the original dungeon. Bosta'na, a
+daughter of the old fire-worshipper, taking pity on the prince,
+released him; and, at the end, Assad married queen Margiana, Bostana
+married prince Amgiad (half-brother of Assad), and Behram, renouncing
+his religion, became a mussulman, and entered the service of Amgiad,
+who became king of the city.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+BELA'RIUS, a nobleman and soldier in the army of Cym'beline (3 _syl._)
+king of Britain. Two villains having sworn to the king that he was
+"confederate with the Romans," he was banished, and for twenty years
+lived in a cave; but he stole away the two infant sons of the king out
+of revenge. Their names were Guide'rius and Arvir'agus. When these two
+princes were grown to manhood, a battle was fought between the Romans
+and Britons, in which Cymbeline was made prisoner, but Belarius coming
+to the rescue, the king was liberated and the Roman general in turn
+was made captive. Belarius was now reconciled to Cymbeline, and
+presenting to him the two young men, told their story; whereupon they
+were publicly acknowledged to be the sons of Cymbeline and princes of
+the realm.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+BEL BREE, wide-awake country girl in _The Other Girls_, by A.D.T.
+Whitney. Dissatisfied with rustic life, she accompanies aunt Blin, a
+dressmaker, to Boston, works hard, is exposed to the temptations that
+beset a pretty girl in a city, but resists them. She is thrown out
+of work by the Boston fire, and "enters service" with satisfactory
+consequences to all concerned.
+
+BELCH (_Sir Toby_), uncle of Olivia the rich countess of Illyria. He
+is a reckless roysterer of the old school, and a friend of sir Andrew
+Ague-cheek.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+BELCOUR, a foundling adopted by Mr. Belcour, a rich Jamaica merchant,
+who at death left him all his property. He was in truth the son of Mr.
+Stockwell, the clerk of Belcour, senior, who clandestinely married his
+master's daughter, and afterwards became a wealthy merchant. On the
+death of old Belcour, the young man came to England as the guest of
+his unknown father, fell in love with Miss Dudley, and married her.
+He was hot-blooded, impulsive, high-spirited, and generous, his very
+faults serving as a foil to his noble qualities; ever erring and
+repenting, offending and atoning for his offences.--Cumberland, _The
+West Indian_ (1771).
+
+BE'LED, one of the six Wise Men of the East, led by the guiding star
+to Jesus. He was a king, who gave to his enemy who sought to
+dethrone him half of his kingdom, and thus turned a foe into a fast
+friend.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, v. (1747).
+
+BELERMA, the lady whom Durandarte served for seven years as a
+knight-errant and peer of France. When, at length, he died at
+Roncesvalles, he prayed his cousin Montesi'nos to carry his heart to
+Belerma.
+
+I saw a procession of beautiful damsels in mourning, with white
+turbans on their heads. In the rear came a lady with a veil so long
+that it reached the ground: her turban was twice as large as the
+largest of the others; her eyebrows were joined, her nose was rather
+flat, her mouth wide, but her lips of a vermilion color. Her teeth
+were thin-set and irregular, though very white; and she carried in her
+hand a fine linen cloth, containing a heart. Montesinos informed me
+that this lady was Belerma.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 6
+(1615).
+
+BELE'SES (3 _syl_.), a Chaldaean soothsayer and Assyrian satrap, who
+told Arba'ces (3 _syl_.) governor of Me'dia, that he would one day
+sit on the throne of Nineveh and Assyria. His prophecy came true,
+and Beleses was rewarded with the government of Babylon.--Byron,
+_Sardanapalus_ (1819).
+
+BEL'FIELD _(Brothers)._ The elder brother is a squire in Cornwall,
+betrothed to Sophia (daughter of sir Benjamin Dove), who loves his
+younger brother Bob. The younger brother is driven to sea by the
+cruelty of the squire, but on his return renews his acquaintance
+with Sophia. He is informed of her unwilling betrothal to the elder
+brother, who is already married to Violetta, but parted from her.
+Violetta returns home in the same ship as Bob Belfield, becomes
+reconciled to her husband, and the younger brother marries
+Sophia.--Rich. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ (1769).
+
+BEL'FORD, a friend of Lovelace (2 _syl_.). They made a covenant
+to pardon every sort of liberty which they took with each
+other.--Richardson, _Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749).
+
+_Belford (Major)_, the friend of colonel Tamper, and the plighted
+hnsband of Mdlle. Florival.--G. Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_
+(1762).
+
+BELGE (2 _syl_.), the mother of seventeen sons. She applied to queen
+Mercilla for aid against Geryon'eo, who had deprived her of all her
+offspring except five.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10 (1596).
+
+[Illustration] "Beige" is Holland, the "seventeen sons" are the
+seventeen provinces which once belonged to her; "Geryoneo" is Philip
+II. of Spain; and "Mercilla" is queen Elizabeth.
+
+BELIAL, sons of, in the Bible _passim_ means the lewd and profligate.
+Milton has created the personality of Belial:
+
+  Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd
+  Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love
+  Vice for itself. To him no temple stood
+  Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he
+  In temples, and at altars, when the priest
+  Tarns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled
+  With lust and violence the house of God?
+  In courts and palaces he also reigns,
+  And in luxurious cities, where the noise
+  Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers
+  And injury and outrage; and when night
+  Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons
+  Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 490
+
+  On the other side up rose
+  Belial, in act more graceful and humane;
+  A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed
+  For dignity composed, and high exploit.
+  But all was false and hollow; though his tongue.
+  Dropt manna, and could make the worse appear
+  The better reason, to perplex and dash
+  Maturest counsels; for his thoughts were low
+  To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds
+  Timorous and slothful.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 108.
+
+BELIA'NIS OF GREECE _(Don)_, the hero of an old romance of chivalry
+on the model of _Am'adis de Gaul_. It was one of the books in don
+Quixote's library, but was not one of those burnt by the cure as
+pernicious and worthless.
+
+"Don Belianis," said the curé, "with its two, three, and four parts,
+hath need of a dose of rhubarb to purge off that mass of bile with
+which he is inflamed. His Castle of Fame and other impertinences
+should be totally obliterated. This done, we would show him lenity in
+proportion as we found him capable of reform. Take don Belianis
+home with you, and keep him in close confinement."--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).
+
+BELINDA, niece and companion of lady John Brute. Young, pretty, full
+of fun, and possessed of £10,000. Heartfree marries her.--Vanbrugh,
+_The Provoked Wife_ (1697).
+
+_Belin'da_, the heroine of Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. This mock heroic
+is founded on the following incident:--Lord Petre cut a lock of hair
+from the head of Miss Arabella Fermor, and the young lady resented the
+liberty as an unpardonable affront. The poet says Belinda wore on her
+neck two curls, one of which the baron cut off with a pair of scissors
+borrowed of Clarissa, and when Belinda angrily demanded that it should
+be delivered up, it had flown to the skies and become a meteor there.
+(See BERENICE.)
+
+_Belinda_, daughter of Mr. Blandford, in love with Beverley the
+brother of Clarissa. Her father promised sir William Bellmont that
+she should marry his son George, but George was already engaged
+to Clarissa. Belinda was very handsome, very independent, most
+irreproachable, and devotedly attached to Beverley. When he hinted
+suspicions of infidelity, she was too proud to deny their truth, but
+her pure and ardent love instantly rebuked her for giving her lover
+causeless pain.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+_Belin'da_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth's novel of the same name.
+The object of the tale is to make the reader _feel_ what is good, and
+pursue it (1803).
+
+_Belin'da_, a lodging-house servant-girl, very poor, very dirty,
+very kind-hearted, and shrewd in observation. She married, and Mr.
+Middlewick the butter-man set her husband up in business in the butter
+line.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875).
+
+BELINE (2 _syl_.), second wife of Argan the _malade imaginaire_, and
+step-mother of Angelique, whom she hates. Beline pretends to love
+Argan devotedly, humors him in all his whims, calls him "mon fils,"
+and makes him believe that if he were to die it would be the death of
+her. Toinette induces Argan to put these specious protestations to the
+test by pretending to be dead. He does so, and when Beline enters the
+room, instead of deploring her loss, she cries in ecstasy:
+
+"Le ciel en soit loué! Me voilà délivrée d'un pesant fardeau!... de
+quoi servait-il sur la terre? Un homme incommode à tout le monde,
+malpropre, dégoûtant ... mouchant, toussant, crachant toujours, sans
+esprit, ennuyeux, de manvaise humeur, fatiguant sans cesse les gens,
+et grondant jour et nuit servantes et valets."--(iii. 18).
+
+She then proceeds to ransack the room for bonds, leases, and money;
+but Argan starts up and tells her she has taught him one useful lesson
+for life at any rate.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+BELISA'RIUS, the greatest of Justinian's generals. Being accused of
+treason, he was deprived of all his property, and his eyes were put
+out. In this state he retired to Constantinople, where he lived by
+begging. The story says he fastened a label to his hat, containing
+these words, "_Give an obolus to poor old Belisarius_." Marmontel has
+written a tale called _Belisaire_, which has helped to perpetuate
+these fables, originally invented by Tzetzês or Caesios, a Greek poet,
+born at Constantinople in 1120.
+
+BÉLISE (2 _syl_.), sister of Philaminte (3 _syl_.), and, like her,
+a _femme savante_. She imagines that every one is in love with
+her.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+BELL (_Adam_), a wild, north-country outlaw, noted, like Robin Hood,
+for his skill in archery. His place of residence was Englewood Forest,
+near Carlisle; and his two comrades were Clym of the Clough [_Clement
+of the Cliff_] and William of Cloudesly (3 _syl_.). William was
+married, but the other two were not. When William was captured at
+Carlisle, and was led to execution, Adam and Clym rescued him, and
+all three went to London to crave pardon of the king, which, at the
+queen's intercession, was granted them. They then showed the king
+specimens of their skill in archery, and the king was so well pleased
+that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the two others yeomen of
+the bedchamber.--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Adam Bell," etc.), I. ii. I.
+
+_Bell_. Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronté assumed the _noms de plume_
+of Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell (first half of the nineteenth
+century). Currer Bell or Bronté married the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls.
+She was the author of _Jane Eyre_.
+
+It will be observed that the initial letter of both names is in every
+case preserved throughout--_Acton_ (Anne), _Currer_ (Charlotte),
+_Ellis_ (Emily), and _Bell_ (Bronté).
+
+_Bell_ (_Bessy_). Bessy Bell and Mary Gray were the daughters of two
+country gentlemen near Perth. When the plague broke out in 1666 they
+built for themselves a bower in a very romantic spot called Burn
+Braes, to which they retired, and were supplied with food, etc., by a
+young man who was in love with both of them. The young man caught
+the plague, communicated it to the two young ladies, and all three
+died.--Allan Eamsay, _Bessy Bell and Mary Gray_ (a ballad).
+
+_Bell (Peter)_, the subject of a "tale in verse" by Wordsworth.
+Shelley wrote a burlesque upon it, entitled _Peter Bell the Third._
+
+_Bell (The Old Chapel_) J. G. Saxe's poem under this title is founded
+upon a legend of a boy, who, wandering in a churchyard, hears a
+musical articulate murmur from a disused bell hidden by matted grass.
+
+  Its very name and date concealed
+  Beneath a cankering crust. (1859.)
+
+BELL-THE-CAT, sobriquet of Archibald Douglas, great-earl of Angus, who
+died in 1514.
+
+The mice, being much annoyed by the persecutions of a cat, resolved
+that a bell should be hung about her neck to give notice of her
+approach. The measure was agreed to in full council, but one of the
+sager mice inquired, "Who would undertake to bell the cat?" When
+Lauder told this fable to a council of Scotch nobles, met to declaim
+against one Cochran, Archibald Douglas started up and exclaimed in
+thunder, "I will;" and hence the sobriquet referred to.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Tales of a Grandfather_, xxii.
+
+BELLA, sweet girl-cousin, the first love and life-long friend of the
+hero of _Dream-Life_, by Ik Marvel. Re-visiting his native place after
+years of foreign travel, he learns that Bella is dead, and goes to her
+grave, where dry leaves are entangled in the long grass, "giving it a
+ragged, terrible look" (1851).
+
+BELLA WILFER, a lovely, wilful, lively spoilt darling. She married
+John Rokesmith (i.e., John Harmon).--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_
+(1864).
+
+BELLAMY, a steady young man, looking out for a wife "capable of
+friendship, love, and tenderness, with good sense enough to be easy,
+and good nature enough to like him." He found his beau-ideal in
+Jacintha, who had besides a fortune of £30,000.--Dr. Hoadly, _The
+Suspicious Husband_ (1761).
+
+BELLA'RIO, the assumed name of Euphrasia, when she put on boy's
+apparel that she might enter the service of prince Philaster, whom
+she greatly loved.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster, or Love Lies
+A-Bleeding_ (1622).
+
+BELLASTON (_Lady_), a profligate, from whom Tom Jones accepts support.
+Her conduct and conversation may be considered a fair photograph of
+the "beauties" of the court of George II.--Fielding, _History of Tom
+Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+  The character of Jones, otherwise a model of
+  generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled
+  with thoughtless dissipation, is unnecessarily degraded
+  by the nature of his intercourse with lady
+  Bellaston.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Fielding."
+
+BELLE CORDIERE (_La_), Louise Labé, who married Ennemond Perrin, a
+wealthy rope-maker (1526-1566).
+
+BELLE CORISANDE (_La_), Diane comtesse de Gruiche et de Grammont
+(1554-1620).
+
+BELLEFONTAINE _(Benedict)_, the wealthy farmer of Grande Pré [_Nova
+Scotia_] and father of Evangeline. When the inhabitants of his village
+were driven into exile, Benedict died of a broken heart as he was
+about to embark, and was buried on the sea-shore.--Longfellow,
+_Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BEL'LENDEN (_Lady Margaret_), an old Tory lady, mistress of the Tower
+of Tillietudlem.
+
+_Old major Miles Bellenden_, brother of lady Margaret.
+
+_Miss Edith Bellenden_, granddaughter of lady Margaret, betrothed to
+lord Evendale, of the king's army, but in love with Morton (a leader
+of the covenanters and the hero of the novel). After the death of
+lord Evendale, who is shot by Balfour, Edith marries Morton, and this
+terminates the tale.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+BELLERO'PHON was falsely accused by Antea, wife of Proetos, King of
+Argos, and the enraged husband sent him to Lycia, to King Iobates, the
+father of Antea, with sealed tablets, asking that the bearer might be
+put to death. Iobates sent the youth on dangerous errands, but he came
+off unharmed from all. Among other exploits he killed the Chimæra and
+slew the Amazons. Later, he tried to mount to Olympus on the winged
+horse Pegasus, but he fell and wandered about in melancholy madness
+on the Aleian field until he died. This peculiar form of madness is
+called _morbus Bellerophonteus_. Homer tells the story of Bellerophon
+in the Iliad, Book VI. Milton alludes to him, _Paradise Lost_, VII.
+15-20. Hawthorne has told the story of the Chimæra in _A Wonder Book._
+
+BELLE'RUS is the name of a personage invented by Milton as the
+supposed guardian of Land's End in Cornwall, the Bellerium of the
+Romans. In questioning as to where the body of the drowned Lycidas
+q.v. has been carried by the waves, he asks:
+
+  Or whether thou to our moist vows denied
+  Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old.
+
+_Lycidas_, 159-60.
+
+BELLE'S STRATAGEM (_The_). The "belle" is Letitia Hardy, and her
+stratagem was for the sake of winning the love of Doricourt, to whom
+she had been betrothed. The very fact of being betrothed to Letitia
+sets Doricourt against her, so she goes unknown to him to a
+masquerade, where Doricourt falls in love with "the beautiful
+stranger." In order to accomplish the marriage of his daughter, Mr.
+Hardy pretends to be "sick unto death," and beseeches Doricourt to wed
+Letitia before he dies. Letitia meets her betrothed in her masquerade
+dress, and unbounded is the joy of the young man to find that "the
+beautiful stranger" is the lady to whom he has been betrothed.--Mrs.
+Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_ (1780).
+
+BELLE THE GIANT. It is said that the giant Belle mounted on his sorrel
+horse at a place since called mount Sorrel. He leaped one mile, and
+the spot on which he lighted was called Wanlip (one-leap); thence he
+leaped a second mile, but in so doing "burst all" his girths, whence
+the spot was called Burst-all; in the third leap he was killed, and
+the spot received the name of Bellegrave.
+
+BELLEUR', companion of Pinac and Mirabel ("the wild goose"), of
+stout blunt temper; in love with Rosalu'ra, a daughter of
+Nantolet.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild Goose Chase_ (1652).
+
+BELL HAMLYN, young American girl, engaged to one man and in love with
+another, in _Kismet_, by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher, 1877).
+
+BELLICENT, daughter of Gorloïs lord of Tintag'il and his wife Ygernê
+or Igerna. As the widow married Uther the pen-dragon, and was then the
+mother of king Arthur, it follows that Bellicent was half-sister of
+Arthur. Tennyson in _Gareth and Lynette_ says that Bellicent was the
+wife of Lot king of Orkney, and mother of Gaw'ain and Mordred, but
+this is not in accordance either with the chronicle or the history,
+for Geoffrey in his _Chronicle_ says that Lot's wife was Anne, the
+sister (not half-sister) of Arthur (viii. 20, 21), and sir T. Malory,
+in his _History of Prince Arthur_ says:
+
+  King Lot of Lothan and Orkney wedded Margawse;
+  Nentres, of the land of Carlot, wedded
+  Elain; and that Morgan le Fay was [_Arthurs_]
+  third sister.--Pt. i. 2, 35, 36.
+
+BEL'LIN, the ram, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_. The word
+means "gentleness" (1498).
+
+BELLINGHAM, a man about town.--D. Boucicault, _After Dark_.
+
+BEL'LISANT, sister of king Pepin of France, and wife of Alexander
+emperor of Constantinople. Being accused of infidelity, the emperor
+banished her, and she took refuge in a vast forest, where she became
+the mother of Valentine and Orson.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BELLMONT (_Sir William_), father of George Bellmont; tyrannical,
+positive, and headstrong. He imagines it is the duty of a son to
+submit to his father's will, even in the matter of matrimony.
+
+_George Bellmont_, son of sir William, in love with Clarissa, his
+friend Beverley's sister; but his father demands of him to marry
+Belinda Blandford, the troth-plight wife of Beverley. Ultimately all
+comes right.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+BELLO'NA'S HANDMAIDS, Blood, Fire, and Famine.
+
+The goddesse of warre, called Bellona, had these thre handmaids ever
+attendynge on her: BLOOD, FIRE, and FAMINE, which thre damosels be
+of that force and strength that every one of them alone is able and
+sufficient to torment and afflict a proud prince; and they all joyned
+together are of puissance to destroy the most populous country and
+most richest region of the world.--Hall, _Chronicle_ (1530).
+
+BELLUM (_Master_), war.
+
+  A difference [_is_] 'twixt broyles and bloudie warres,--
+  Yet have I shot at Maister Bellum's butte,
+  And thrown his ball, although I toucht no tutte [_benefit_].
+
+G. Gascoigne, _The Fruites of Warre_, 94 (died 1577).
+
+BELMONT (_Sir Robert_), a proud, testy, mercenary country gentleman;
+friend of his neighbor, sir Charles Raymond.
+
+_Charles Belmont_, son of sir Robert, a young rake. He rescued
+Fidelia, at the age of twelve, from the hands of Villard, a villain
+who wanted to abuse her, and taking her to his own home, fell in
+love with her, and in due time married her. She turns out to be the
+daughter of sir Charles Raymond.
+
+_Rosetta Belmont_, daughter of sir Robert, high-spirited, witty, and
+affectionate. She is in love with colonel Raymond, whom she delights
+in tormenting.--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_ (1748).
+
+_Belmont_ (_Andrew_), the elder of two brothers, who married Violetta
+(an English lady born in Lisbon), and deserted her. He then promised
+marriage to Lucy Waters, the daughter of one of his tenants, but had
+no intention of making her his wife. At the same time he engaged
+himself to Sophia, the daughter of sir Benjamin Dove. The day of
+the wedding arrived, and it was then discovered that he was married
+already, and that Violetta his wife was actually present.
+
+_Robert Belmont_, the younger of the two brothers, in love with Sophia
+Dove. He went to sea in a privateer under captain Ironside, his uncle,
+and changed his name to Lewson. The vessel was wrecked on the Cornwall
+coast, and he renewed his acquaintance with Sophia, but heard that she
+was engaged in marriage to his brother. As, however, it was proved
+that his brother was already married, the young lady willingly
+abandoned the elder for the younger brother.--K. Cumberland, _The
+Brothers_ (1769).
+
+BELMOUR (_Edward_), a gay young man about town.--Congreve, _The Old
+Bachelor_ (1693).
+
+_Belmour (Mrs_.), a widow of "agreeable vivacity, entertaining
+manners, quickness of transition from one thing to another, a feeling
+heart, and a generosity of sentiment." She it is who shows Mrs.
+Lovemore the way to keep her husband at home, and to make him treat
+her with that deference which is her just due.--A. Murphy, _The Way to
+Keep Him_ (1760).
+
+BELOVED DISCIPLE (_The_), St. John "the divine," and writer of the
+fourth Gospel.--_John_ xiii. 23, etc.
+
+BELOVED PHYSICIAN (_The_), St. Luke the evangelist.--_Col._ iv. 14.
+
+BEL'PHEGOR, a Moabitish deity, whose orgies were celebrated on mount
+Phegor, and were noted for their obscenity.
+
+BELPHOE'BE (3 _syl._). "All the Graces rocked her cradle when she was
+born." Her mother was Chrysog'onê (4 _syl._), daughter of Amphisa of
+fairy lineage, and her twin-sister was Amoretta. While the mother and
+her babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebê) to bring up, and
+Venus took the other.
+
+[Illustration] Belphoebe is the "Diana" among women, cold,
+passionless, correct, and strong-minded. Amoret is the "Venus," but
+without the licentiousness of that goddess, warm, loving, motherly,
+and wifely. Belphoebê was a lily; Amoret a rose. Belphoebê a moonbeam,
+light without heat; Amoret a sunbeam, bright and warm and life-giving.
+Belphoebê would go to the battle-field, and make a most admirable
+nurse or lady-conductor of an ambulance; but Amoret would prefer to
+look after her husband and family, whose comfort would be her first
+care, and whose love she would seek and largely reciprocate.--See
+Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. vi. (1590).
+
+[Illustration] "Belphoebê" is queen Elizabeth. As _queen_ she is
+Gloriana, but as _woman_ she is Belphoebê, the beautiful and chaste.
+
+  Either Grloriana let her choose,
+  Or in Belphoebe fashioned to be;
+
+  In one her rule, in the other her rare chastitie.
+
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_ (introduction to bk. iii.).
+
+BELTED WILL, lord William Howard, warden of the western marches
+(1563-1640).
+
+  His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt,
+  Hung in a broad and studded belt;
+  Hence in rude phrase the Borderers still
+  Called noble Howard "Belted Will."
+
+  Sir W. Scott.
+
+BELTEN'EBROS (4 _syl._). Amadis of Graul assumes the name when he
+retires to the Poor Rock, after receiving a cruel letter from Oria'na
+his lady-love.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de Gaul_, ii. 6 (before
+1400).
+
+  One of the most distinguishing testimonies
+  which that hero gave of his fortitude, constancy,
+  and love, was his retiring to the Poor Rock when
+  in disgrace with his mistress Oriana, to do penance
+  under the name of _Beltenebros_ or the _Lovely
+  Obscure._--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 11 (1605).
+
+BELVIDE'RA, daughter of Priu'li a senator of Venice. She was saved
+from the sea by Jaffier, eloped with him, and married him. Her father
+then discarded her, and her husband joined the conspiracy of Pierre to
+murder the senators. He tells Belvidera of the plot, and Belvidera,
+in order to save her father, persuades Jaffier to reveal the plot to
+Priuli, if he will promise a general free pardon. Priuli gives the
+required promise, but notwithstanding, all the conspirators, except
+Jaffier, are condemned to death by torture. Jaffier stabs Pierre to
+save him from the dishonor of the wheel, and then kills himself.
+Belvidera goes mad and dies.--Otway, _Venice Preserved_ (1682).
+
+BEN [LEGEND], sir Sampson Legend's younger son, a sailor and
+a "sea-wit," in whose composition there enters no part of the
+conventional generosity and open frankness of a British tar. His slang
+phrase is "D'ye see," and his pet oath "Mess!"--W. Congreve, _Love for
+Love_ (1695). I cannot agree with the following sketch:--
+
+
+What is _Ben_--the pleasant sailor which Bannister gives us--but a
+piece of satire ... a dreamy combination of all the accidents of a
+sailor's character, his contempt of money, his credulity to women,
+with that necessary estrangement from home?... We never think the
+worse of Ben for it, or feel it as a stain upon his character.--C.
+Lamb.
+
+C. Dibdin says: "If the description of Thom. Doggett's performance of
+this character be correct, the part has certainly never been performed
+since to any degree of perfection."
+
+
+BEN BOLT, old schoolmate with whom Thomas Dunn English exchanges
+reminiscences in the ballad, _Ben Bolt_, beginning:
+
+  Don't you remember sweet Alice, Ben Bolt?
+  Sweet Alice, whose hair was so brown;
+  Who wept with delight when you gave her a smile,
+  And trembled with fear at your frown. (1845.)
+
+BEN-HUR, a young Jew, who, for accidentally injuring a Roman soldier,
+is condemned to the galleys for life. Escaping, after three years of
+servitude, through the favor of Arrius, a Roman Tribune, he seeks his
+mother and sister to find both lepers. They are healed by Christ,
+whose devoted followers they become.--Lew Wallace, _Ben-Hur: A Tale of
+the Christ_ (1880).
+
+BEN ISRAEL (_Nathan_) or NATHAN BEN SAMUEL, the physician and friend
+of Isaac the Jew.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BEN JOC'HANAN, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden
+and Tate, is meant for the Rev. Samuel Johnson, who suffered much
+persecution for his defence of the right of private judgment.
+
+  Let Hebron, nay, let hell produce a man
+  So made for mischief as Ben Jochanan.
+  A Jew of humble parentage was he,
+  By trade a Levite, though of low degree.
+
+  Part ii.
+
+BENAI'AH (3 _syl_.), in _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for general
+George Edward Sackville. As Benaiah, captain of David's guard, adhered
+to Solomon against Adonijah, so general Sackville adhered to the duke
+of York against the prince of Orange (1590-1652).
+
+  Nor can Benaiah's worth forgotten lie,
+  Of steady soul when public storms were high.
+
+  Dryden and Tate, part ii.
+
+BENAS'KAR or BENNASKAR, a wealthy merchant and magician of
+Delhi.--James Ridley, _Tales of the Genii_ ("History of Mahoud," tale
+vii., 1751).
+
+BENBOW (_Admiral_). In an engagement with the French near St. Martha
+on the Spanish coast in 1701, admiral Benbow had his legs and thighs
+shivered into splinters by chain-shot, but supported in a wooden frame
+he remained on the quarter-deck till morning, when Du Casse sheered
+off.
+
+Similar acts of heroism are recorded of Almeyda, the Portuguese
+governor of India, of Cynaegiros brother of the poet AEschylos, of
+Jaafer the standard-bearer of "the prophet" in the battle of Muta, and
+of some others.
+
+_Benbow_, an idle, generous, free-and-easy sot, who spent a good
+inheritance in dissipation, and ended life in the workhouse.
+
+  Benbow, a boon companion, long approved
+  By jovial sets, and (as he thought) beloved,
+  Was judged as one to joy and friendship prone,
+  And deemed injurious to himself alone.
+
+  Crabbe, _Borough_, xvi. (1810).
+
+BEND-THE-BOW, an English archer at Dickson's cottage.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+BENEDICK, a wild, witty, and light-hearted young lord of Padua, who
+vowed celibacy, but fell in love with Beatrice and married her. It
+fell out thus: He went on a visit to Leonato, governor of Messina;
+here he sees Beatrice, the governor's niece, as wild and witty as
+himself, but he dislikes her, thinks her pert and forward, and
+somewhat ill-mannered withal. However, he hears Claudio speaking to
+Leonata about Beatrice, saying how deeply she loves Benedick, and
+bewailing that so nice a girl should break her heart with unrequited
+love. This conversation was a mere ruse, but Benedick believed it to
+be true, and resolved to reward the love of Beatrice with love and
+marriage. It so happened that Beatrice had been entrapped by a similar
+conversation which she had overheard from her cousin Hero. The end
+was they sincerely loved each other, and became man and
+wife.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600). BENEDICT
+[BELLEFONTAINE], the wealthiest farmer of Grand Pré, in Acadia, father
+of Evangeline ("the pride of the village"). He was a stalwart man
+of seventy, hale as an oak, but his hair was white as snow. Colonel
+Winslow in 1713 informed the villagers of Grand Pré that the French
+had formally ceded their village to the English, that George II. now
+confiscated all their lands, houses, and cattle, and that the people,
+amounting to nearly 2000, were to be "exiled into other lands
+without delay." The people assembled on the sea-shore; old Benedict
+Bellefontaine sat to rest himself, and fell dead in a fit. The old
+priest buried him in the sand, and the exiles left their village homes
+forever.--Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BEN'ENGEL'I (_Cid Hamet_), the hypothetical Moorish chronicler from
+whom Cervantês pretends he derived the account of the adventures of
+don Quixote.
+
+
+The Spanish commentators ... have discovered that _cid Hamet
+Benengeli_ is after all no more than an Arabic version of the name
+of Cervantês himself. _Hamet_ is a Moorish prefix, and _Benengeli_
+signifies "son of a stag," in Spanish _Cervanteno._--Lockhart.
+
+
+_Benengeli_ (_Cid Hamet_), Thomas Babington lord Macaulay. His
+signature in his _Fragment of an Ancient Romance_ (1826). (See Cid,
+etc.)
+
+BENEV'OLUS, in Cowper's _Task_, is John Courtney Throckmorton, of
+Weston Underwood.
+
+BENJAMIN PENGUILLAN. _The Pioneers_, by J. F. Cooper. A servant in the
+family of Judge Temple. His sobriquet is "Ben Pump." (1823.)
+
+BENJIE _(Little)_, or Benjamin Colthred, a spy employed by Cristal
+Nixon, the agent of Redgauntlet.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+BEN'NET _(Brother)_, a monk at St. Mary's convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Ben'net (Mrs.)_, a demure, intriguing woman in _Amelia_, a novel by
+Fielding (1751).
+
+BEN'OITON _(Madame)_, a woman who has been the ruin of the family by
+neglect. In the "famille Benoiton" the constant question was "_Où
+est Madame?_" and the invariable answer "_Elle est sortie_" At the
+_dénouement_ the question was asked again, and the answer was varied
+thus, "Madam has been at home, but is gone out again."--_La Famille
+Benoiton_.
+
+BEN'SHEE, the domestic spirit or demon of certain Irish families. The
+benshee takes an interest in the prosperity of the family to which
+it is attached, and intimates to it approaching disaster or death by
+wailings or shrieks. The Scotch Bodach Glay or "grey spectre" is a
+similar spirit. Same as _Banshee_ (which see).
+
+  How oft has the Benshee cried!
+  How oft has death untied
+  Bright links that glory wove,
+  Sweet bonds entwined by love!
+
+  T. Moore, _Irish Melodies_, ii.
+
+BENVO'LIO, nephew to Montague, and Romeo's friend. A testy, litigious
+fellow, who would quarrel about goat's wool or pigeon's milk. Mercutio
+says to him, "Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing in the
+street, because he hath wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the
+sun" (act iii. sc. 1),--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).
+
+BEOWULF, the name of an Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the sixth century. It
+received its name from Beowulf, who delivered Hrothgar king of Denmark
+from the monster Grrendel. This Grendel was half monster and half man,
+and night after night stole into the king's palace called Heorot, and
+slew sometimes as many as thirty of the sleepers at a time. Beowulf
+put himself at the head of a mixed band of warriors, went against the
+monster and slew it. This epic is very Ossianic in style, is full of
+beauties, and is most interesting.--_Kemble's Translation._
+
+(A.D. Wackerbarth published in 1849 a metrical translation of this
+Anglo-Saxon poem, of considerable merit.)
+
+BEPPO. Byron's _Beppo_ is the husband of Laura, a Venetian lady. He
+was taken captive in Troy, turned Turk, joined a band of pirates, grew
+rich, and after several years returned to his native land. He found
+his wife at a carnival ball with a _cavaliero_, made himself known
+to her, and they lived together again as man and wife. (Beppo is a
+contraction of _Guiseppe_, as Joe is of _Joseph_, 1820.)
+
+_Beppo_, in _Fra Diavolo_, an opera by Auber (1836).
+
+BERALDE (2 _syl._), brother of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. He tells
+Argan that his doctors will confess this much, that the cure of a
+patient is a very minor consideration with them, "_toute l'excellence
+de leur art consiste en un pompeux galimatias, en un spécieux babil,
+qui vous donne des mots pour des raisons, et des promesses pour des
+effets._" Again he says, "_presque tous les hommes meurent de leur
+remèdes et non pas de leurs maladies_." He then proves that Argan's
+wife is a mere hypocrite, while his daughter is a true-hearted,
+loving girl; and he makes the invalid join in the dancing and singing
+provided for his cure.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+BERCH'TA ("_the white lady_"), a fairy of southern Germany, answering
+to Hulda ("the gracious lady") of northern Germany. After the
+introduction of Christianity, Berchta lost her first estate and lapsed
+into a bogie.
+
+BERECYNTHIAN GODDESS (_The_). Cybelê is so called from mount
+Berecyntus, in Phrygia, where she was held in especial adoration. She
+is represented as crowned with turrets, and holding keys in her hand.
+
+  Her helmèd head
+  Rose like the Berecynthian goddess crowned
+  With towers.
+
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc._, ii. (1814).
+
+BERECYN'THIAN HERO (_The_), Midas king of Phyrgia, so called from
+mount Berecyn'tus (4 _syl_.), in Phrygia.
+
+
+BERENGA'RIA, queen-consort of Richard Coeur de Lion, introduced in
+_The Talisman_, a novel by sir W. Scott (1825). Berengaria died 1230.
+
+BERENGER (_Sir Raymond_), an old Norman warrior, living at the castle
+of Garde Doloureuse.
+
+_The lady Eveline_, sir Raymond's daughter, betrothed to sir Hugo de
+Lacy. Sir Hugo cancels his own betrothal in favor of his nephew (sir
+Damian de Lacy), who marries the lady Eveline, "the betrothed."--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BERENI'CE (4 _syl_.), sister-wife of Ptolemy III. She vowed to
+sacrifice her hair to the gods if her husband returned home the
+vanquisher of Asia. On his return, she suspended her hair in the
+temple of the war-god, but it was stolen the first night, and Conon of
+Samos told the king that the winds had carried it to heaven, where
+it still forms the seven stars near the tail of Leo, called _Coma
+Berenices_.
+
+Pope, in _his Rape of the Lock_, has borrowed this fable to account
+for the lock of hair cut from Belinda's head, the restoration of which
+the young lady insisted upon.
+
+_Bereni'ce_ (4 _syl_.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Agrippa. She
+married Herod king of Chalcis, then Polemon king of Cilicia, and then
+went to live with Agrippa II. her brother. Titus fell in love with her
+and would have married her, but the Romans compelled him to renounce
+the idea, and a separation took place. Otway (1672) made this the
+subject of a tragedy called _Titus and Berenicê_; and Jean Racine
+(1670), in his tragedy of _Bérénice_, has made her a sort of Henriette
+d'Orleans.
+
+(Henriette d'Orleans, daughter of Charles I. of England, married
+Philippe due d'Orléans, brother of Louis XIV. She was brilliant in
+talent and beautiful in person, but being neglected by her husband,
+she died suddenly after drinking a cup of chocolate, probably
+poisoned.)
+
+_Berenice_, heroine of a tragic-comic fantasy by Edgar Allan Poe,
+in which Berenice's teeth hold a position as conspicuous as ghastly
+(1845).
+
+BERINGHEN (_The Sieur de_), an old gourmand, who preferred patties to
+treason; but cardinal Richelieu banished him from France, saying:
+
+  Sleep not another night in Paris,
+  Or else your precious life may be in danger.
+
+  Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).
+
+BERIN'THIA, cousin of Amanda; a beautiful young widow attached to
+colonel Townly. In order to win him she plays upon his jealousy by
+coquetting with Loveless.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).
+
+BERKE'LEY (_The Old Woman of_), a woman whose life had been very
+wicked. On her death-bed she sent for her son who was a monk, and for
+her daughter who was a nun, and bade them put her in a strong stone
+coffin, and to fasten the coffin to the ground with strong bands of
+iron. Fifty priests and fifty choristers were to pray and sing over
+her for three days, and the bell was to toll without ceasing. The
+first night passed without much disturbance. The second night the
+candles burnt blue and dreadful yells were heard outside the church.
+But the third night the devil broke into the church and carried off
+the old woman on his black horse.--R. Southey, _The Old Woman of
+Berkeley_ (a ballad from Olaus Magnus).
+
+
+Dr. Sayers pointed out to us in conversation a story related by Olaus
+Magnus of a witch whose coffin was confined by three chains, but
+nevertheless was carried off by demons. Dr. Sayers had made a
+ballad on the subject; so had I; but after seeing _The Old Woman of
+Berkeley_, we awarded it the preference.--W. Taylor.
+
+
+BERKE'LY (_The lady Augusta_), plighted to sir John de Walton,
+governor of Douglas Castle. She first appears under the name of
+Augustine, disguised as the son of Bertram the minstrel, and the novel
+concludes with her marriage to De Walton, to whom Douglas Castle had
+been surrendered.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+BERKSHIRE LADY (_The_), Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of sir William
+Kendrick, second baronet; his father was created baronet by Charles
+II. The line, "Faint heart never won fair lady," was the advice of a
+friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of the
+lady.--_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245.
+
+BERNARD. Solomon Bernard, engraver of Lions (sixteenth century),
+called _Le petit Bernard_. Claud Bernard of Dijon, the philanthropist
+(1588-1641), is called _Poor Bernard._ Pierre Joseph Bernard, the
+French poet (1710-1755), is called _Le gentil Bernard._
+
+_Bernard_, an ass; in Italian _Bernardo_. In the beast-epic called
+_Reynard the Fox_, the _sheep_ is called "Bernard," and the _ass_ is
+"Bernard l'archipêtre" (1498).
+
+BERNARD LANGDON, fine young fellow of the "Brahmin Caste," who teaches
+school while preparing for a profession.--Oliver Wendell Holmes,
+_Elsie Venner_ (1861).
+
+BERNAR'DO, an officer in Denmark, to whom the ghost of the
+murdured king appeared during the night-watch at the royal
+castle.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).
+
+BERNARDO DEL CARPIO, one of the favorite subjects of the old Spanish
+minstrels. The other two were _The Cid_ and _Lara's Seven Infants_.
+Bernardo del Carpio was the person who assailed Orlando (or Rowland)
+at Roncesvalles, and finding him invulnerable, took him up in his arms
+and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did Antae'os.--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, II. ii. 13 (1615).
+
+[Illustration] The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of the
+foot.
+
+BERSER'KER, grandson of the eight-handed Starka'der and the beautiful
+Alfhil'de. He was so called because he wore "no shirt of mail," but
+went to battle unharnessed. He married the daughter of Swaf'urlam, and
+had twelve sons. (_Baer-syrce_, Anglo-Saxon, "bare of shirt;" Scotch,
+"bare-sark.")
+
+
+You say that I am a Berserker, and ... bare-sark I go to-morrow to the
+war, and bare-sark I win that war or die.--Rev. C. Kingsley, _Hereward
+the Wake_, i. 247.
+
+
+BERTHA, the supposed daughter of Vandunke (2 _syl_.), burgomaster of
+Bruges, and mistress of Goswin, a rich merchant of the same city. In
+reality. Bertha is the duke of Brabant's daughter _Gertrude_, and
+Goswin is _Florez_, son of Gerrard king of the beggars.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Beggars' Bush_ (1622).
+
+_Ber'tha_, daughter of Burkhard duke of the Alemanni, and wife of
+Rudolf II. king of Burgundy beyond Jura. She is represented on
+monuments of the time as sitting on her throne spinning.
+
+  Yon are the beautiful Bertha the Spinner, the queen of Helvetia; ...
+  Who as she rode on her palfrey o'er valley, and meadow, and mountain,
+  Ever was spinning her thread from the distaff fixed to her saddle.
+  She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb.
+
+  Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, viii.
+
+_Bertha, alias_ AGATHA, the betrothed of Hereward (3 _syl_.), one of
+the emperor's Varangian guards. The novel concludes with Hereward
+enlisting under the banner of count Robert, and marrying Bertha.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Ber'tha_, the betrothed of John of Leyden. When she went with her
+mother to ask count Oberthal's permission to marry, the count resolved
+to make his pretty vassal his mistress, and confined her in his
+castle. She made her escape and went to Munster, intending to set fire
+to the palace of "the prophet," who, she thought, had caused the
+death of her lover. Being seized and brought before the prophet, she
+recognized in him her lover, and exclaiming, "I loved thee once, but
+now my love is turned to hate," stabbed herself and died.--Meyerbeer,
+_Le Prophète_ (an opera, 1849).
+
+BERTHA AMORY, wife of Richard Amory and used by him in political
+intrigues, in _Through One Administration_, by Francis Hodgson
+Burnett. Secretly, and against her will, in love with Trevannion, an
+army officer whom she has known from childhood (1883).
+
+BERTHE AN GRAND-PIED, mother of Charlemagne, so called from a
+club-foot.
+
+BERTIE CECIL, noble young Englishman who assumes his brother's crime
+to save the family name, and exiles himself as a soldier in the French
+army of Algiers. Eventually his fame is cleared and he returns to
+England as lord Royalieu.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_.
+
+BERTIE THE LAMB, professional dude, with a heart yet softer than his
+head, in _The Henrietta_, a play of New York life, by Bronson Howard.
+Stuart Robson's impersonation of "Bertie" is without a flaw (1887).
+
+BERTOLDE (3 _syl_.), the hero of a little _jeu d'esprit_ in Italian
+prose by Julio Cæsare Crocê (2 _syl_.). He is a comedian by
+profession, whom nothing astonishes. He is as much at his ease with
+kings and queens as with those of his own rank. Hence the phrase
+_Imperturbable as Bertolde_, meaning "never taken by surprise," "never
+thrown off one's guard," "never disconcerted."
+
+BERTOLDO _(Prince)_, a knight of Malta, and brother of Roberto king of
+the two Sicilies. He was in love with Cami'ola "the maid of honor,"
+but could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While
+matters were at this crisis, Bertoldo laid siege to Sienna, and was
+taken prisoner. Camiola paid his ransom, but before he was released
+the duchess Aurelia requested him to be brought before her. As soon
+as the duchess saw him, she fell in love with him, and offered him
+marriage, and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The
+betrothed then presented themselves before the king. Here Camiola
+exposed the conduct of the knight; Roberto was indignant;
+Aurelia rejected her _fiancé_ with scorn; and Camiola took the
+veil.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637).
+
+_Bertol'do_, the chief character of a comic romance called _Vita di
+Bertoldo_, by Julio Cesare Crocê, who flourished in the sixteenth
+century. It recounts the successful exploits of a clever but ugly
+peasant, and was for two centuries as popular in Italy as _Robinson
+Crusoe_ is in England. Same as, _Bertolde_ and _Bartoldo_.
+
+BERTOLDO'S SON, Rinaldo.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+BERTRAM _(Baron)_, one of Charlemagne's paladins.
+
+_Ber'tram_, count of Rousillon. While on a visit to the king of
+France, Helena, a physician's daughter, cured the king of a. disorder
+which had baffled the court physicians. For this service the king
+promised her for husband any one she chose to select, and her choice
+fell on Bertram. The haughty count married her, it is true, but
+deserted her at once, and left for Florence, where he joined the
+duke's army. It so happened that Helena also stopped at Florence while
+on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. In Florence
+she lodged with a widow whose daughter Diana, was wantonly loved by
+Bertram. Helena obtained permission to receive his visits in lieu of
+Diana, and in one of these visits exchanged rings with him. Soon after
+this the count went on a visit to his mother, where he saw the king,
+and the king observing on his finger the ring he had given to Helena,
+had him arrested on the suspicion of murder. Helena now came
+forward to explain matters, and all was well, for all ended
+well.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598).
+
+
+I cannot reconcile my heart to "Bertram," a man noble without
+generosity, and young without truth; who marries Helena as a coward,
+and leaves her as a profligate. When she is dead by his unkindness he
+sneaks home to a second marriage, is accused by a woman whom he
+has wronged, defends himself by falsehood, and is dismissed to
+happiness.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+
+_Bertram_ (_Sir Stephen_), an austere merchant, very just but not
+generous. Fearing lest his son should marry the sister of his clerk
+(Charles Ratcliffe), he dismissed Ratcliffe from his service, and
+being then informed that the marriage had already taken place, he
+disinherited his son. Sheva the Jew assured him that the lady had
+£10,000 for her fortune, so he relented. At the last all parties were
+satisfied.
+
+_Frederick Bertram_, only son of sir Stephen; he marries Miss
+Ratcliffe clandestinely, and incurs thereby his father's displeasure,
+but the noble benevolence of Sheva the Jew brings about a
+reconciliation and opens sir Bertram's eyes to "see ten thousand
+merits," a grace for every pound.--Cumberland, _The Jew_ (1776).
+
+_Ber'tram_ (_Count_), an outlaw, who becomes the leader of a band of
+robbers. Being wrecked on the coast of Sicily, he is conveyed to the
+castle of lady Imogine, and in her he recognizes an old sweetheart to
+whom in his prosperous days he was greatly attached. Her husband (St.
+Aldobrand), who was away at first, returning unexpectedly is murdered
+by Bertram; Imogine goes mad and dies; and Bertram puts an end to his
+own life.--C. Maturin, _Bertram_ (1782-1825).
+
+_Bertram_ (_Mr. Godfrey_), the laird of Ellangowan.
+
+_Mrs. Bertram_, his wife.
+
+_Harry Bertram, alias_ captain Vanbeest Brown, _alias_ Dawson, _alias_
+Dudley, son of the laird, and heir to Ellangowan. Harry Bertram is in
+love with Julia Mannering, and the novel concludes with his taking
+possession of the old house at Ellangowan and marrying Julia.
+
+_Lucy Bertram_, sister of Harry Bertram. She marries Charles
+Hazlewood, son of sir Robert Hazlewood, of Hazlewood.
+
+_Sir Allen Bertram_, of Ellangowan, an ancestor of Mr. Godfrey
+Bertram.
+
+_Dennis Bertram, Donohoe Bertram_, and _Lewis Bertram_, ancestors of
+Mr. Godfrey Bertram.
+
+_Captain Andrew Bertram_, a relative of the family.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Bertram_, the English minstrel, and guide of lady Augusta Berkely;
+when in disguise she calls herself the minstrel's son.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+_Ber'tram_, one of the conspirators against the republic of Venice.
+Having "a hesitating softness, fatal to a great enterprise," he
+betrayed the conspiracy to the senate.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_
+(1819).
+
+BERTRA'MO, the fiend-father of Robert le Diable. After alluring his
+son to gamble away all his property, he meets him near St. Ire'nê,
+and Hel'ena seduces him to join in "the Dance of Love." When at last
+Bertramo comes to claim his victim, he is resisted by Alice (the
+duke's foster-sister), who reads to Robert his mother's will.
+Being thus reclaimed, angels celebrate the triumph of good over
+evil.--Meyerbeer, _Roberto il Diavolo_ (an opera, 1831).
+
+BERTRAND, a simpleton and a villain. He is the accomplice of Robert
+Macaire, a libertine of unblushing impudence, who sins without
+compunction.--Daumier, _L'Auberge des Adrets._
+
+BERTRAND DU GUESLIN, a romance of chivalry, reciting the adventures of
+this connétable de France, in the reign of Charles V.
+
+_Bertrand du Gueslin in prison._ The prince of Wales went to visit his
+captive Bertrand, and asking him how he fared, the Frenchman replied,
+"Sir, I have heard the mice and the rats this many a day, but it is
+long since I heard the song of birds," _i.e._ I have been long a
+captive and have not breathed the fresh air.
+
+The reply of Bertrand du Gueslin calls to mind that of Douglas, called
+"The Good sir James," the companion of Robert Bruce, "It is better, I
+ween, to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep," _i.e._ It is better
+to keep the open field than to be shut up in a castle.
+
+BERTULPHE (2 _syl_.), provost of Bruges, the son of a serf. By his
+genius and energy he became the richest, most honored, and most
+powerful man in Bruges. His arm was strong in fight, his wisdom swayed
+the council, his step was proud, and his eye untamed. He had one
+child, most dearly beloved, the bride of sir Bouchard, a knight of
+noble descent. Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law (1127)
+that whoever married a serf should become a serf, and that serfs were
+serfs till manumission. By these absurd decrees Bertulphe the provost,
+his daughter Constance, and his knightly son-in-law were all serfs.
+The result was that the provost slew the earl and then himself, his
+daughter went mad and died, and Bouchard was slain in fight.--S.
+Knowles, _The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+BER'WINE (2 _syl_.), the favorite attendant of lady Er'mengarde
+(3 _syl_.) of Baldringham, great-aunt of lady Eveline "the
+betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BER'YL MOL'OZANE (3 _syl_.), the lady-love of George Geith. All
+beauty, love, and sunshine. She has a heart for every one, is ready
+to help every one, and is by every one beloved, yet her lot is most
+painfully unhappy, and ends in an early death.--F.G. Trafford [J.H.
+Riddell], _George Geith_.
+
+BESO'NIAN (_A_), a scoundrel. From the Italian, _bisognoso_, "a needy
+person, a beggar."
+
+
+Proud lords do tumble from the towers of their high descents; and be
+trod under feet of every inferior besonian.--Thomas Nash, _Pierce
+Pennylesse, His Supplication, etc._ (1592).
+
+
+BESS (_Good queen_), Elizabeth (1533, 1558-1603).
+
+_Bess_, the daughter of the "blind beggar of Bethnal Green," a lady by
+birth, a sylph for beauty, an angel for constancy and sweetness. She
+was loved to distraction by Wilford, and it turned out that he was
+the son of lord Woodville, and Bess the daughter of lord Woodville's
+brother; so they were cousins. Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their
+nuptials, and took them under her own especial conduct.--S. Knowles,
+_The Beggar of Bethnal Green_ (1834).
+
+BESS O' BEDLAM, a female lunatic vagrant, the male lunatic vagrant
+being called a _Tom o' Bedlam_.
+
+BESSUS, governor of Bactria, who seized Dari'us (after the battle
+of Arbe'la) and put him to death. Arrian says, Alexander caused the
+nostrils of the regicide to be slit, and the tips of his ears to be
+cut off.  The offender being then sent to Ecbat'ana, in chains, was put
+to death.
+
+  Lo! Bessus, he that armde with murderer's knyfe
+  And traytrous hart agaynst his royal king,
+  With bluddy hands bereft his master's life.
+  What booted him his false usurped raygne.
+  When like a wretche led in an iron chayne,
+  He was presented by his chiefest friende
+  Unto the foes of him whom he had slayne?
+
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_
+  ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+_Bes'sus_ a cowardly bragging captain, a sort of Bobadil or Vincent de
+la Rosa. Captain Bessus, having received a challenge, wrote word back
+that he could not accept the honor for thirteen weeks, as he had
+already 212 duels on hand, but he was much grieved that he could not
+appoint an earlier day.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _King and No King_
+(1619).
+
+  Rochester I despise for want of wit.
+  So often does he aim, so seldom hit ...
+  Mean in each action, lewd in every limb,
+  Manners themselves are mischievous in him ...
+  For what a Bessus has he always lived!
+
+Dryden, _Essay upon Satire_.
+
+BETH MARCH, the third and gentlest sister in Louisa M. Alcott's novel
+"_Little Women_" (1868).
+
+BETSEY, the wife in Will Carleton's farm ballad, _Betsey and I are
+Out_. In dictating to a lawyer the terms of separation, the farmer
+reminds himself of the many excellent points of the offending spouse,
+and how "she and I was happy before we quarrelled so."
+
+  And when she dies, I wish that she would be laid by me,
+  And, lyin' together in silence, perhaps we will agree;
+  And, if ever we meet in heaven I wouldn't think it queer
+  If we loved each other better because we quarrelled here.
+
+  (1873.)
+
+BETSEY BOBBET, the sentimental spinster who wears out the patience of
+Josiah Allen's wife with poetry and opinions.
+
+"She is fairly activ' to make a runnin' vine of herself.... It seems
+strange to me that them that preach up the doctrine of woman's
+only spear don't admire one who carries it out to its full
+extent."--Marietta Holley, _My Opinions and Betsey Bobbet's_ (1872).
+
+BETTINA WARD, a Southern girl, poor and proud, in Constance Fenimore
+Woolson's story of _Rodman the Keeper_. "A little creature that fairly
+radiated scorn at thought of receiving charity from a Yankee" (1880).
+
+BETTY DOXY, Captain Macheath says to her, "Do you drink as hard as
+ever? You had better stick to good wholesome beer; for, in troth,
+Betty, strong waters will in time ruin your constitution. You should
+leave those to your betters."--Gray, _The Beggar's Opera_, ii. 1
+(1727).
+
+BETTY FOY, "the idiot mother of an idiot boy "--W. Wordsworth
+(1770-1850).
+
+BETTY [HINT], servant in the family of sir Pertinax and lady
+McSycophant. She is a sly, prying tale-bearer, who hates Constantia
+(the beloved of Egerton McSycophant), simply because every one else
+loves her.--C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).
+
+BETTY LEICESTER, "vivacious, whole-souled girl of the period," whose
+summer residence in a New England village introduces elements of
+fuller and sweeter life. A home-missionary of the better sort.--Sarah
+Orne Jewett, _Betty Leicester_ (1889).
+
+BEULAH, a poor girl taken from an orphan asylum and brought up in a
+family of refinement and education. She develops strong traits of
+character and much intellectual ability. Her long struggles through
+the mists of rationalism result in clear views of and high faith in
+revealed religion. Her guardian, and long her teacher, loves her, and
+after years of waiting, wins her.
+
+"Have you learned that fame is an icy shadow?" he asks upon his return
+from the protracted wanderings that have taught both how much they
+need one another. "That gratified ambition cannot make you happy? Do
+you love me?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Better than teaching school and writing learned articles?"
+
+"Rather better, I believe, sir."
+
+_Beulah_, a novel by Augusta Evans Wilson (1859).
+
+BEUVES (1 _syl_.), or BUO'VO OF AY'GREMONT, father of Malagigi, and
+uncle of Rinaldo. Treacherously slain by Ga'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BEUVES DE HANTONE, French form for Bevis of Southampton (_q.v._).
+"Hantone" is a French corruption of Southampton.
+
+BEV'AN (_Mr._), an American physician, who befriends Martin Chuzzlewit
+and Mark Tapley in many ways during their stay in the New World.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BEV'ERLEY, "the gamester," naturally a good man, but led astray by
+Stukely, till at last he loses everything by gambling, and dies a
+miserable death.
+
+_Mrs. Beverley_, the gamester's wife. She loves her husband fondly,
+and clings to him in all his troubles.
+
+_Charlotte Beverley_, in love with Lewson, but Stukely wishes to marry
+her. She loses all her fortune through her brother, "the gamester,"
+but Lewson notwithstanding marries her.--Edward Moore, _The Gamester_
+(1712-1757).
+
+_Beverley_, brother of Clarissa, and the lover of Belinda Blandford.
+He is extremely jealous, and catches at trifles light as air to
+confirm his fears; but his love is most sincere, and his penitence
+most humble when he finds out how causeless his suspicions are.
+Belinda is too proud to deny his insinuations, but her love is so deep
+that she repents of giving him a moment's pain.--A. Murphy, _All in
+the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+BEVERLEY THURSTON, a lawyer, belonging to an old New York family, in
+love with Claire Twining, _The Ambitious Woman_ of Edgar Fawcett's
+society novel (1883).
+
+He was a man of about forty years old, who had never married. His
+figure was tall and shapely; his face, usually grave, was capable of
+much geniality. He had travelled, read, thought, and observed. He
+stood somewhat high in the legal profession, and came, on the maternal
+side, of a somewhat noted family.
+
+BEV'IL, a model gentleman, in Steele's _Conscious Lovers_.
+
+  Whatever can deck mankind
+  Or charm the heart, in generous Bevil shewed.
+
+  Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Winter," 1726).
+
+_Bevil_ (_Francis, Harry, and George_), three brothers--one an M.P.,
+another in the law, and the third in the Guards--who, unknown to
+each other, wished to obtain in marriage the hand of Miss Grubb,
+the daughter of a rich stock-broker. The M.P. paid his court to the
+father, and obtained his consent; the lawyer paid his court to the
+mother, and obtained her consent; the officer paid his court to the
+young lady, and having obtained her consent, the other two brothers
+retired from the field.--O'Brien, _Cross Purposes_.
+
+BE'VIS, the horse of lord Marmion.--Sir W. Scott, _Marmion_ (1808).
+
+_Be'vis_ (_Sir_) of Southampton. Having reproved his mother, while
+still a lad, for murdering his father, she employed Saber to kill him;
+but Saber only left him on a desert land as a waif, and he was brought
+up as a shepherd. Hearing that his mother had married Mor'dure (2
+_syl_.), the adulterer, he forced his way into the marriage hall and
+struck at Mordure; but Mordure slipped aside, and escaped the blow.
+Bevis was now sent out of the country, and being sold to an Armenian,
+was presented to the king. Jos'ian, the king's daughter, fell in love
+with him; they were duly married, and Bevis was knighted. Having slain
+the boar which made holes in the earth as big as that into which
+Curtius leapt, he was appointed general of the Armenian forces,
+subdued Brandamond of Damascus, and made Damascus tributary to
+Armenia. Being sent, on a future occasion, as ambassador to Damascus,
+he was thrust into a prison, where were two huge serpents; these
+he slew, and then effected his escape. His next encounter was with
+Ascupart the giant, whom he made his slave. Lastly, he slew the great
+dragon of Colein, and then returned to England, where he was restored
+to his lands and titles. The French call him _Beuves de Hantone_.--M.
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+_The Sword of Bevis of Southampton_ was Morglay, and his _steed_
+Ar'undel. Both were given him by his wife Josian, daughter of the king
+of Armenia.
+
+BEZA'LIEL, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the
+marquis of Worcester, afterwards duke of Beaufort. As Bezaliel,
+the famous artificer, "was filled with the Spirit of God to devise
+excellent works in every kind of workmanship," so on the marquis of
+Worcester--
+
+  ... so largely Nature heaped her store,
+  There scarce remained for arts to give him more.
+
+  Dryden and Tate, part ii.
+
+BEZO'NIAN, a beggar, a rustic. (Italian, _bisognoso_, "necessitous.")
+
+The ordinary tillers of the earth, such as we call _husbandmen_;
+in France, _pesants_; in Spane, _besonyans_; and generally
+_cloutshoe_.--Markham, _English Husbandman_, 4.
+
+BIAN'CA, the younger daughter of Baptista of Pad'ua, as gentle and
+meek as her sister Katherine was violent and irritable. As it was not
+likely any one would marry Katherine "the shrew," the father resolved
+that Bianca should not marry before her sister. Petruchio married "the
+shrew," and then Lucentio married Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the
+Shrew_ (1594).
+
+_Bianca_, daughter of a noble family in "The Young Italian," one of
+the _Tales of a Traveller_, by Washington Irving. She is beloved
+passionately by the young Italian and betrothed to him. In his absence
+Filippo, the false friend of her lover, weds her. The betrayed friend
+on learning the truth kills Filippo, and is ever afterwards haunted by
+his dying face (1824).
+
+_Bian'ca_, a courtesan, the "almost" wife of Cassio. Iago, speaking of
+the lieutenant, says:
+
+  And what was he?
+  Forsooth a great arithmetician.
+  One Michael Cassio, a Florentine,
+  A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife.
+
+  Shakespeare, _Othello_, act i. sc. I (1611).
+
+_Bian'ca_, wife of Fazio. When her husband wantons with the
+marchioness Aldabella, Bianca, out of jealousy, accuses him to the
+duke of Florence of being privy to the death of Bartol'do, an old
+miser. Fazio being condemned to death, Bianca repents of her rashness,
+and tries to save her husband, but not succeeding, goes mad and
+dies.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815).
+
+BIBBET (_Master_), secretary to major-general Harrison, one of the
+parliamentary commissioners.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time,
+Commonwealth).
+
+BIBBIE'NA (_Il_), cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in
+Tuscany. He was the author of _Calandra_, a comedy (1470-1520).
+
+"BIBLE" BUTLER, _alias_ Stephen Butler, grandfather of Reuben Butler,
+the presbyterian minister (married to Jeanie Deans).--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BIB'LIS, a woman who fell in love with her brother Caunus, and was
+changed into a fountain near Mile'tus.--Ovid, _Met_. ix. 662.
+
+  Not that [_fountain_] where Biblis dropt, too fondly light,
+  Her tears and self may dare compare with this.
+
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633).
+
+BIB'ULUS, a colleague of Julius Cæsar, but a mere cipher in office;
+hence his name became a household word for a nonentity.
+
+BIC'KERSTAFF (_Isaac_), a pseudonym of dean Swift, assumed in the
+paper-war with Partridge, the almanac-maker, and subsequently adopted
+by Steele in _The Tatler_, which was announced as edited by "Isaac
+Bickerstaff, Esq., astrologer."
+
+BICKERTON (_Mrs._), landlady of the Seven Stars inn of York, where
+Jeanie Deans stops on her way to London, whither she is going to plead
+for her sister's pardon.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BID'DENDEN MAIDS (_The_), two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth
+Chulkhurst, born at Biddenden in 1100. They were joined together by
+the shoulders and hips, and lived to the age of thirty-four. Some say
+that it was Mary and Elizabeth Chulkhurst who left twenty acres of
+land to the poor of Biddenden. This tenement called "Bread and Cheese
+Land," because the rent derived from it is distributed on Easter
+Sunday in doles of bread and cheese. Halstead says, in his _History of
+Kent_, that it was the gift of two maidens named Preston, and not of
+the Biddenden Maids.
+
+BIDDY, servant to Wopsle's great-aunt, who kept an "educational
+institution." A good, honest girl who falls in love with Pip, is
+loved by Dolge Orlick, but marries Joe Grargery.--C. Dickens, _Great
+Expectations_ (1860).
+
+BIDDY [BELLAIR] (_Miss_), "Miss in her teens," in love with captain
+Loveit. She was promised in marriage by her aunt and guardian to an
+elderly man whom she detested; and during the absence of captain
+Loveit in the Flanders war, she coquetted with Mr. Fribble and captain
+Flash. On the return of her "Strephon," she set Fribble and Flash
+together by the ears; and while they stood menacing each other, but
+afraid to fight, captain Loveit entered and sent them both to the
+right-about.--D. Garrick, _Miss in Her Teens_ (1753).
+
+BIDÉFORD POSTMAN (_The_), Edward Capern, a poet, at one time a
+letter-carrier in Bidéford (3 _syl_).
+
+BIDE-THE-BENT (_Mr. Peter_), minister of Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BID'MORE (_Lord_), patron of the Rev Josiah Cargill, minister of St.
+Ronan's.
+
+_The Hon. Augustus Bidmore_, son of lord Bidmore, and pupil of the
+Rev. Josiah Cargill.
+
+_Miss Augusta Bidmore_, daughter of lord
+
+Bidmore, beloved by the Rev. Josiah Cargill--Sir W. Scott, _St.
+Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BIE'DERMAN (_Arnold_), _alias_ count Arnold of Geierstein
+[_Gi'.er.stine_], landamman of Unterwalden. Anne of Geierstein, his
+brother's daughter, is under his charge.
+
+_Bertha Biederman_, Arnold's late wife.
+
+_Ru'diger Biederman_, Arnold Biederman's son.
+
+_Ernest Biederman_, brother of Rudiger.
+
+_Sigismund Biederman_, nicknamed "The Simple," another brother.
+
+_Ulrick Biedermen_, youngest of the four brothers.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BIG-EN'DIANS (_The_), a hypothetical religious party of Lilliput, who
+made it a matter of "faith" to break their eggs at the "big end."
+Those who broke them at the other end were considered heretics, and
+called _Little-endians_.--Dean Swift, _Gulliver's Travels_ (1726).
+
+BIG'LOW (_Hosea_), the feigned author of _The Biglow Papers_ (1848),
+really written by Professor James Russell Lowell of Boston, Mass.
+(1819-1891).
+
+BIG'OT (_De_), seneschal of prince John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+_Big'ot_, in C. Lamb's _Essays_, is John Fenwick, editor of the
+_Albion_ newspaper.
+
+BIL'DAI (2 _syl_.), a seraph and the tutelar guardian of Matthew
+the apostle, the son of wealthy parents and brought up in great
+luxury.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+BILLINGS (_Josh_). A.W. Shaw so signs _His Book of Sayings_ (1866).
+
+Ef a man hezn't a well-balanced mind I _du_ admire to see him part his
+hair in the middle.
+
+Ef thar iz wun sayin' trewer than anuther it is that the devil iz
+allwaies ready fur kumpany.
+
+_Josh Billings's Alminax_ (1870).
+
+BILLINGSGATE (3 _syl_.). Beling was a friend of "Brennus" the Gaul,
+who owned a wharf called Beling's-gate. Geoffrey of Momnouth derives
+the word from Belin, a mythical king of the ancient Britons, who
+"built a gate there," B.C. 400 (1142).
+
+BILLY BARLOW, a merry Andrew, so-called from a semi-idiot, who fancied
+himself "a great potentate." He was well known in the east of London,
+and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his sayings were really
+witty, and some of his attitudes truly farcical.
+
+BILLY BLACK, the conundrum-maker.--_The Hundred-pound Note_.
+
+
+When Keeley was playing "Billy Black" at Chelmsford, he advanced to
+the lights at the close of the piece, and said, "I've one more, and
+this is a good un. Why is Chelmsford Theatre like a half-moon? D'ye
+give it up? Because it is never full."--_Records of a Stage Veteran_.
+
+
+BIMATER ("_two-mother_"). Bacchus was so called because at the death
+of his mother during gestation, Jupiter put the foetus into his own
+thigh for the rest of the time, when the infant Bacchus was duly
+brought forth.
+
+BIMBISTER (_Margery_), the old Ranzelman's spouse.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+BIND'LOOSE (_John_), sheriff's clerk and banker at Marchthorn.--Sir W.
+Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BINGEN (_Bishop of_), generally called bishop Hatto. The tale is that
+during a famine, he invited the poor to his barn on a certain day,
+under the plea of distributing corn to them; but when the barn was
+crowded he locked the door and set fire to the building; for which
+iniquity he was himself devoured by an army of mice or rats. His
+castle is the Mouse-tower on the Rhine.
+
+  They almost devour me with kisses,
+  Their arms about me entwine,
+  Till I think of the bishop of Bingen,
+  In his Mouse-tower on the Rhine.
+
+  Longfellow, _Birds of Passage_.
+
+BINKS (_Sir Bingo_), a fox-hunting baronet, and visitor at the Spa.
+
+_Lady Binks_, wife of sir Bingo, but before marriage Miss Rachael
+Bonnyrigg. Visitor at the Spa with her husband.--Sir W. Scott, _St.
+Ronan's Well_ (time, Greorge III.).
+
+BI'ON, the rhetorician, noted for his acrimonious and sharp sayings.
+
+  Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro.
+
+  Horace, _Epist_. ii. 2, 60.
+
+BIONDEL'LO, one of the servants of Lucentio the future husband
+of Bianca (sister of "the shrew"). His fellow-servant is
+Tra'nio.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).
+
+BIORN, the son of Heriulf, a Northman, who first touched the shores of
+the New World.
+
+  Across the unpathwayed seas,
+  Shot the brave prow that cut on Vinland sands
+  The first rune in the Saga of the West.
+
+James Russell Lowell, _The Voyage to Vinland_.
+
+BIRCH (_Harvey_), a prominent character in _The Spy_, a novel by J.F.
+Cooper.
+
+BIRD (_My_). Fanny Forester (Emily Chubbuck Judson) thus addressed her
+baby daughter (1848).
+
+  There's not in Ind a lovelier bird:
+  Broad earth owns not a happier nest.
+  Oh, God! Thou hast a fountain stirred
+  Whose waters never more shall rest.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  The pulse first caught its tiny stroke.
+  The blood its crimson hue from mine;
+  The life which I have dared invoke
+  Henceforth is parallel with THINE!
+
+_Bird (The Little Green)_, of the frozen regions, which could reveal
+every secret and impart information of events past, present, or to
+come. Prince Chery went in search of it, so did his two cousins,
+Brightsun and Felix; last of all Fairstar, who succeeded in
+obtaining it, and liberating the princes who had failed in their
+attempts.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Chery," 1682).
+
+This tale is a mere reproduction of "The Two Sisters," the last tale
+of the _Arabian Nights_, in which the bird is called "Bulbulhezar, the
+talking bird."
+
+BIRD SINGING TO A MONK. The monk was Felix.--Longfellow, _Golden
+Legend_, ii.
+
+BIRE'NO, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of Holland.
+He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was released by
+Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death by Oberto
+king of Ireland, who married the young widow.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_, iv. v. (1516).
+
+_Bire'no_ (_Duke_), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It is the king's
+wish that he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess
+loves Pal'adore (3 _syl_.), a Briton. Bireno has a mistress named
+Alin'da, whom he induces to personate the princess, and in Paladore's
+presence she casts down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by.
+Bireno has Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and
+accuses the princess of unchastity--a crime in Lombardy punished by
+death. As the princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the
+duke, and kills him. The villainy is fully revealed, and the princess
+is married to the man of her choice, who had twice saved her
+life.--Robert Jephson, _The Law of Lombardy_ (1779).
+
+BIRMINGHAM POET (_The_), John Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican, who
+wrote his own songs; set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808).
+
+BIRON, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king of
+Navarre. Biron promises to spend three years with the king in study,
+during which time no woman is to approach his court; but no sooner has
+he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline
+defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, "If you my favor
+mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick."
+
+  A merrier man,
+  Within the limit of becoming mirth,
+  I never spent an hour's talk withal.
+  His eye begets occasion for his wit:
+  For every object that the one doth catch,
+  The other turns to a mirth-moving jest;
+  Which his fair tongue (conceit's expositor)
+  Delivers in such apt and gracious words,
+  That agéd ears play truant at his tales,
+  And younger hearings are quite ravished.
+
+Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_, act ii. sc. 1 (1594).
+
+_Biron_ (_Charles de Gontaut due de_), greatly beloved by Henri IV. of
+France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and
+at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honors: he
+was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer
+of France. This too-much honor made him forget himself, and he entered
+into a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was
+discovered by Lafin; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was
+executed (1602, aged 40).
+
+George Chapman has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled
+_Biron's Conspiracy_ and _Biron's Tragedy_ (1557-1634).
+
+_Biron_, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for
+marrying Isabella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to
+the siege of Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the
+lapse of seven years, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married
+Villeroy (2 _syl_.), but the day after her espousals Biron returned,
+whereupon Isabella went mad and killed herself.--Thomas Southern,
+_Isabella, or the Fatal Marriage_.
+
+  During the absence of the elder Macready, his
+  son took the part of "Biron" in _Isabella_. The
+  father was shocked, because he desired his son
+  for the Church; but Mrs. Siddons remarked to
+  him, "In the Church your son will live and die
+  a curate on £50 a year, but if successful, the
+  stage will bring him in a thousand."--Donaldson,
+  _Recollections_.
+
+BIRTHA, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the
+Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's
+still, in autumn, berries, and in summer, flowers. She fell in love
+with duke Grondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal.
+Birtha, "in love unpractised and unread," is the beau-ideal of
+innocence and purity of mind. Grondibert had just plighted his love to
+her when he was summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him
+his successor and future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would
+remain true to her, and gave her an emerald ring which he told her
+would lose its lustre if he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks
+off, and as it was never finished the sequel is not known.--Sir W.
+Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+BISHOP MIDDLEHAM, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks, and
+advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret intoxication.
+
+BISHOPS. The seven who refused to read the declaration of indulgence
+published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for recusancy, were
+archbishop Sancroft _(Canterbury)_, bishops Lloyd _(St. Asaph)_,
+Turner _(Ely)_, Kew _(Bath and Wells)_, White _(Peterborough)_, Lake
+_(Chichester)_, Trelawney _(Bristol)._ Being tried, they were all
+acquitted (June, 1688).
+
+BISTO'NIANS, the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars), who
+built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis.
+
+  So the Bistonian race, a maddening train,
+  Exult and revel on the Thracian plain.
+
+Pitt's _Statius_, ii.
+
+BIT'ELAS(3 _syl_.), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of Rukenaw the
+ape, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+BIT'TLEBRAINS _(Lord)_, friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper of
+Scotland.
+
+_Lady Bittlebrains_, wife of the above lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of
+Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BIT'ZER, light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He is educated
+at M'Choakumchild's "practical school," and becomes a general spy and
+informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and discovers the
+perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.),
+informs against him, and gets promoted to his place.--C. Dickens,
+_Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BIZARRE _[Be.zar'(1)]_, the friend of Orian'a, forever coquetting
+and sparring with Duretete _[Dure.tait]_, and placing him in awkward
+predicaments.--G.K. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702).
+
+BLACK AG'NES, the countess of March, noted for her defence of Dunbar
+during the war which Edward III. maintained in Scotland (1333-1338).
+
+
+Sir Walter Scott says: "The countess was called 'Black Agnes' from
+her complexion. She was the daughter of Thomas Randolph, earl of
+Murray."--_Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 14. (See BLACK PRINCE.)
+
+
+BLACK COLIN CAMPBELL, general Campbell, in the army of George III.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_.
+
+BLACK DOUGLAS, William Douglas, lord of Nithsdale, who died 1390.
+
+  He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy
+  complexion, with dark hair, from which he was
+  called "The Black Douglas."--Sir Walter Scott,
+  _Tales of a Grandfather_, xi.
+
+BLACK DWARF (_The_), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David Ritchie,
+whose cottage was and still is on Manor Water, in the county of
+Peebles.
+
+BLACK-EYED SUSAN, one of Dibdin's sea-songs.
+
+BLACK GEORGE, the gamekeeper in Fielding's novel, called _The History
+of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+_Black George_, Greorge Petrowitsch of Servia, a brigand; called by
+the Turks _Kara George_, from the terror he inspired.
+
+BLACK HORSE (_The_), the 7th Dragoon Guards (_not_ the 7th Dragoons).
+So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are black
+velvet. Their plumes are black and white; and at one time their horses
+were black, or at any rate dark.
+
+
+BLACK KNIGHT OF THE BLACK LANDS (_The_), sir Pereard. Called by
+Tennyson "Night" _or_ "Nox." He was one of the four brothers who
+kept the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir
+Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 126 (1470);
+Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette").
+
+BLACK LORD CLIFFORD, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord
+Clifford. Also called "The Butcher" (died 1461).
+
+BLACK PRINCE, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart
+says he was styled _black_ "by terror of his arms" (c. 169).
+Similarly, lord Clifford was called "The Black Lord Clifford" for his
+cruelties (died 1461). George Petrowitsch was called by the Turks
+"Black George" from the terror of his name. The countess of March was
+called "Black Agnes" from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W.
+Scott says) from her dark complexion. Similarly, "The Black Sea,"
+or Axinus, as the Greeks once called it, received its name from the
+inhospitable character of the Scythians.
+
+BLACK'ACRE (_Widow_), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging, headstrong
+woman.--Wycherly, _The Plain Dealer_ (1677).
+
+BLACKCHESTER (_The countess of_), sister of lord Dalgarno.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+BLACKGUARDS (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some offence
+in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black)
+inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is _Blaqueurs.--L'Homme
+qui Rit_, II. in. 1.
+
+It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of
+the word. Other suggestions will be found in the _Dictionary of Phrase
+and Fable_.
+
+BLACKLESS (_Tomalin_), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de
+Lion.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BLACKMANTLE (_Bernard_), Charles Molloy Westmacott, author of _The
+English Spy_ (1826).
+
+BLACK'POOL (_Stephen_), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at
+Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was
+a man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was
+turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of £150, he
+threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hastening
+to Coketown to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as "the
+Hell Shaft," and although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool
+loved Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless
+wife.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BLACKSMITH (_The Flemish_), Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter
+(1460-1529).
+
+_Blacksmith_ (_The Learned_), Elihu Burritt, United States
+(1810-1879).
+
+
+BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine is
+meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582).
+He is the representative of Scottish literature generally.
+
+The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh,
+publisher.
+
+BLAD'DERSKATE (_Lord_) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter
+Peeble's lawsuit.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+BLADE O' GRASS, child of the gutter, bright, saucy, and warm-hearted.
+She is taken from her wretched environment by philanthropists, who
+would aid her to lead a different life. However great the outward
+change, she is ever Bohemian at heart.--B.L. Farjeon, _Blade o'
+Grass_.
+
+BLA'DUD, father of king Lear. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that "This
+Prince Bladud was a very ingenious man and taught necromancy in his
+kingdom; nor did he leave off pursuing his magic operations till he
+attempted to fly to the upper regions of the air with wings which he
+had prepared, and fell down upon the temple of Apollo in the city of
+Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces."
+
+BLAIR (_Adam_), the hero of a novel by J.G. Lockhart, entitled _Adam
+Blair, a Story of Scottish Life_ (1794-1854).
+
+_Blair_ (_Father Clement_), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine
+Glover, "the fair maid of Perth."--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_
+(time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Blair_ (_Rev. David_), sir Richard Philips, author of _The Universal
+Preceptor_ (1816), _Mother's Question Book_, etc. He issued books
+under a legion of false names.
+
+BLAISE, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter.
+
+_Blaise_ (_St._), patron saint of wool-combers, because he was torn to
+pieces with iron combs.
+
+BLAKE (_Franklin_), handsome, accomplished, and desperately in love
+with his cousin Rachel. Almost wild concerning the safety of the
+Moonstone which he has conveyed to her, he purloins it while under the
+influence of opium, taken to relieve insomnia, and gives it to the
+plausible villain of the book--Godfrey Ablewhite. The latter pawns it
+to pay his debts, and is murdered by East Indians, who believe that he
+still has the gem.--Wilkie Collins, _The Moonstone_.
+
+BLANCHE (1 _syl._), one of the domestics of lady Eveline "the
+betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+_Blanche_ (_La reine_), the queen of France during the first six weeks
+of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time
+in a closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in
+white. Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called _La reine Blanche_
+during her days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so
+called afterwards.
+
+_Blanche (Lady)_ makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and
+of course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a
+jeweller's son, who enters the army, and becomes a colonel. She is
+very handsome, ardent, brilliant, and fearless.--S. Knowles, _Old
+Maids_ (1841).
+
+BLANCHE LOMBARD, girl of the period, who solaces herself for the
+apparent defection of one lover by flirting with a new acquaintance;
+registered in his note-book as "Blonde; superb physique; fine animal
+spirits; giggles."--Robert Grant, _The Knave of Hearts_ (1886).
+
+BLANCHE´FLEUR (2 _syl._), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance
+called _Il Filopoco_. Her lover Flores is Boccaccio himself,
+and Blanchefleur was the daughter of king Robert. The story of
+Blanchefleur and Flores is substantially the same as that of _Dor´igen
+and Aurelius_, by Chaucer, and that of "Diano´ra and Ansaldo," in the
+_Decameron_.
+
+BLAND´MOUR (_Sir_), a man of "mickle might," who "bore great sway
+in arms and chivalry," but was both vainglorious and insolent. He
+attacked Brit´omart, but was discomfited by her enchanted spear; he
+next attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took him from
+the lady who accompanied him, "the False Florimel."--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, iv. 1 (1596).
+
+BLANDE´VILLE (_Lady Emily_), a neighbor of the Waverley family,
+afterwards married to colonel Talbot.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BLAND´FORD, the father of Belin´da, who he promised sir William
+Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with
+Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister).
+Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married
+according to their inclinations.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_
+(1761).
+
+BLAN´DIMAN, the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her
+attendant after her divorce.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BLANDI´NA, wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused hospitality
+to sir Calepine and his lady Sere´na (canto 3). She had "the art of a
+suasive tongue," and most engaging manners, but "her words were only
+words, and all her tears were water" (canto 7).--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+BLANDISH, a "practised parasite." His sister says to him, "May you
+find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on!" (act i.
+1).
+
+_Miss Letitia Blandish_, sister of the above, a fawning timeserver,
+who sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies to Miss Alscrip
+"the heiress," flattering her vanity, fostering her conceit, and
+encouraging her vulgar affectations.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_
+(1781).
+
+BLANE (_Niell_), town piper and publican.
+
+_Jenny Blane_, his daughter.--Sir W, Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BLA´NEY, a wealthy heir, ruined by dissipation.--Crabbe, _Borough_.
+
+BLARNEY (_Lady_), one of the flash women introduced by squire
+Thornhill to the Primrose family.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_
+(1765).
+
+BLAS´PHEMOUS BALFOUR. Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so
+called from his apostacy (died 1583).
+
+BLA´TANT BEAST (_The_), the personification of slander or public
+opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled
+the monster, and dragged it to Faëry-land, but it broke loose and
+regained its liberty. Subsequently sir Cal´idore (_3 syl._) went in
+quest of it.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. and vi. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] "Mrs. Grundy" is the modern name of Spenser's "Blatant
+Beast."
+
+BLATH´ERS AND DUFF, detectives who investigate the burglary in which
+Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey Chickweed,
+who robbed himself of 327 guineas.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BLAT´TERGROWL (_The Rev. Mr._), minister of Trotcosey, near
+Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BLEEDING-HEART YARD (London). So called because it was the place where
+the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the dancing
+chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his claws.--Dr.
+Mackay, _Extraordinary Popular Delusions_.
+
+BLEISE (1 _syl._) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's
+period.
+
+BLEM´MYES (3 _syl._), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, but
+having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.)
+
+  Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis
+  pectori affixis.--Pliny.
+
+Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Gangês, _sine cervice,
+oculos in humeris habentes_. Mela also refers to a people _quibus
+capita et vultus in pectore sunt_.
+
+BLENHEIM SPANIELS. The Oxford electors are so called, because for
+many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of
+Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this
+custom by telling the people the fable of the _Dog and the Wolf_. The
+dog, it will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar,
+and the wolf said he preferred liberty.
+
+(The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been
+preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of
+Marlborough in 1704.)
+
+BLET´SON (_Master Joshua_), one of the three parliamentary
+commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge
+to the Lee family.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+BLI´FIL, a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled _The History
+of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+¤¤¤ Blifil is the original of Sheridan's "Joseph Surface" in the
+_School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+BLIGH (_William_), captain of the _Bounty_, so well known for the
+mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790).
+
+BLIMBER (_Dr._), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at
+Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was
+learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at
+Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor
+was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault
+was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much
+stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong
+mental pressure.
+
+_Mrs. Blimber_, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be
+thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible
+collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly
+classical.
+
+_Cornelia Blimber_, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept
+her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense
+about her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves
+of dead languages." She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's
+usher.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BLIND BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN, Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de
+Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort
+slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's
+daughter discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married
+him. The fruit of the marriage was "pretty Bessee, the beggar's
+daughter." Henry de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind
+beggar, to escape the vigilance of king Henry's spies.
+
+Day produced, in 1659, a drama called _The Blind Beggar of Bethnal
+Green_, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on
+the same subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Road a
+public-house sign called the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.--_History
+of Sign-boards._
+
+BLIND EMPEROR (_The_), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934).
+
+BLIND HARPER (_The_), John Parry, who died 1739.
+
+John Stanley, mnsician and composer, was blind from his birth
+(1713-1786).
+
+BLIND HARRY, a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from
+infancy. His epic of _Sir William Wallace_ runs to 11,861 lines. He
+was minstrel in the court of James IV.
+
+BLIND MECHANICIAN (_The_). John Strong, a great mechanical genius, was
+blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged sixty-six (1732-1798).
+
+BLIND POET (_The_), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called _Il Cieco_
+(1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674).
+
+Homer is called _The Blind Old Bard_ (fl. B.C. 960).
+
+BLIND TRAVELLER (_The_), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind at
+the age of twenty-five, but, notwithstanding, travelled round the
+world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857).
+
+BLIN´KINSOP, a smuggler in _Redgauntlet_, a novel by sir W. Scott
+(time, George III.).
+
+BLISTER, the apothecary, who says, "Without physicians, no one could
+know whether he was well or ill." He courts Lucy by talking shop to
+her.--Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked_.
+
+BLITHE-HEART KING (_The_). David is so called by Caedmon.
+
+  Those lovely lyrics written by his hand
+  Whom Saxon Caedmon calls "The Blithe-heart King."
+  Longfellow, _The Poet's Tale_ (ref. is to _Psalm_
+  cxlviii. 9).
+
+BLOCK (_Martin_), one of the committee of the Estates of Burgundy, who
+refuse supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BLOK (_Nikkel_), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BLONDEL DE NESLE [_Neel_], the favorite trouvère or minstrel of
+Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the _Bloody Vest_ in presence of
+queen Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BLON´DINA, the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She was
+the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away
+the three babes substituted three puppies. Ultimately her children
+were restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accomplices were
+duly punished.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar,"
+1682).
+
+BLOOD (_Colonel Thomas_), emissary of the duke of Buckingham
+(1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_, a
+novel (time, Charles II.).
+
+BLOODS (_The Five_): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors of
+Connaught; (3) the O'Brians of Thomond; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath;
+and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal
+septs or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these
+five septs are accounted aliens or enemies, and could "neither sue nor
+be sued," even down to the reign of Elizabeth.
+
+William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward II.) for the murder of
+Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because
+his victim was not of "free blood," _i.e._ one of the "five bloods of
+Ireland." The plea is admitted by the jury to be good.
+
+BLOODY (_The_), Otho II. emperor of Germany (955, 973-983).
+
+BLOODY-BONES, a bogie.
+
+  As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (_i.e._ sir
+  Thomas Lunsford, governor of the Tower, the
+  dread of every one).--S. Butler, _Hudibras_.
+
+BLOODY BROTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639). The
+"bloody brother" is Rollo duke of Normandy, who kills his brother Otto
+and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by Hamond
+captain of the guard.
+
+BLOODY BUTCHER (_The_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of George
+II., so called from his barbarities in the suppression of the
+rebellion in favor of Charles Edward, the young pretender. "Black
+Clifford" was also called "The Butcher" for his cruelties (died 1461).
+
+BLOODY HAND, Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland.
+
+BLOODY MARY, queen Mary of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and elder
+half-sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the sanguinary
+persecutions carried on by her government against the protestants.
+It is said that 200 persons were burned to death in her short reign
+(1516,1553-1558).
+
+BLOOMFIELD (_Louisa_), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the beau
+of sixty, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo barrister.--C.
+Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+BLOUNT (_Nicholas_), afterwards knighted; master of the horse to the
+earl of Sussex.
+
+--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Blount_ (_Sir Frederick_), a distant relative of sir John Vesey. He
+had a great objection to the letter _r_, which he considered "wough
+and wasping." He dressed to perfection, and though not "wich," prided
+himself on having the "best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses,
+and the best house" of any one. He liked Greorgina Vesey, and as she
+had £10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by "mawy-wing the
+girl."--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+_Blount_ (_Master_), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An
+old-fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons,
+John and Thomas; the former was his favorite.
+
+_Mistress Blount_, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her
+son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man.
+
+_John Blount_, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left
+successor to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of
+fashion and fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He
+had good-nature, but more cunning than discretion, thought himself
+far-seeing, but was most easily duped. "The phaeton was built after
+my design, my lord," he says, "mayhap your lordship has seen it." "My
+taste is driving, my lord, mayhap your lordship has seen me handle the
+ribbons." "My horses are all bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed
+my team." "I pride myself on my seat in the saddle, mayhap your
+lordship has seen me ride." "If I am superlative in anything, 'its in
+my wines." "So please your ladyship, 'tis dress I most excel in ...
+'tis walking I pride myself in." No matter what is mentioned, 'tis the
+one thing he did or had better than any one else. This conceited fool
+was duped into believing a parcel of men-servants to be lords and
+dukes, and made love to a lady's maid, supposing her to be a countess.
+
+_Thomas Blount_, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He
+entered the army, became a colonel, and married lady Blanche. He is
+described as having "a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell
+in, eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome,
+a mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed."--S.
+Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841).
+
+BLOUZELIN´DA or BLOWZELINDA, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin Clout,
+in _The Shepherd's Week_.
+
+  My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass,
+  Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass.
+  My Blouzelind's than gilliflower more fair,
+  Than daisie, marygold, or kingcup rare.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+  Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near,
+  Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year ...
+  Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire,
+  My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire.
+  Ditto.
+
+BLOWER (_Mrs. Margaret_), the shipowner's widow at the Spa. She
+marries Dr. Quackleben, "the man of medicine" (one of the managing
+committee at the Spa).--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+BLUCHER was nicknamed "Marshal Forward" for his dash and readiness in
+the campaign of 1813.
+
+BLUE BEARD (_La Barbe Bleue_), from the _contes_ of Charles Perrault
+(1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue beard.
+His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with
+strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room.
+During the absence of her lord the "forbidden fruit" is too tempting
+to be resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor
+covered with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops
+the key in her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the
+stain of blood. Blue Beard, on his return, commands her to prepare for
+death, but by the timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and
+Blue Beard put to death.
+
+Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the
+days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer)
+was the "academy figure." Others think it was Giles de Retz, marquis
+de Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to Mézeray)
+murdered six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440.
+
+Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar´, and the
+young wife Triphy´na, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was
+lieutenant of Brittany in the reign of Childebert. M. Hippolyte
+Violeau assures us that in 1850, during the repairs of the chapel of
+St. Nicolas de Bieuzy, some ancient frescoes were discovered with
+scenes from the life of St. Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the
+husband taking leave of his young wife and entrusting to her a key;
+(3) a room with an open door, through which are seen the corpses of
+seven women hanging; (4) the husband threatening his wife, while
+another female [_sister Anne_] is looking out of a window above; (5)
+the husband has placed a halter round the neck of his victim, but the
+friends, accompanied by St. Gildas, abbot of Rhuys in Brittany, arrive
+just in time to rescue the future saint.--_Pélerinages de Bretagne_.
+
+BLUE KNIGHT (_The_), sir Persaunt of India, called by Tennyson
+"Morning Star" _or_ "Phosphorus." He was one of the four brothers
+who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, and was overthrown by sir
+Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 131 (1470);
+Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette").
+
+[Illustration] It is evidently a blunder in Tennyson to call the
+_Blue_ Knight "Morning Star," and the _Green_ Knight "Evening Star."
+The reverse is correct, and in the old romance the combat with the
+Green Knight was at day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset.
+
+BLUE-SKIN, Joseph Blake, an English burglar, so called from his
+complexion. He was executed in 1723.
+
+BLUFF (_Bachelor_), celibate philosopher upon social, domestic, and
+cognate themes.
+
+  "Give me," he says emphatically, "in our
+  household, color and cheeriness--not cold art,
+  nor cold pretensions of any kind, but warmth,
+  brightness, animation. Bring in pleasing colors,
+  choice pictures, _bric-à-brac_, and what-not. But
+  let in, also, the sun; light the fires; and have
+  everything for daily use."--Oliver Bell Bunce,
+  _Bachelor Bluff_ (1882).
+
+_Bluff (Captain Noll)_, a swaggering bully and boaster. He says,
+"I think that fighting for fighting's sake is sufficient cause for
+fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws."
+
+  "You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders
+  the last campaign ... there was scarce
+  anything of moment done, but a humble servant
+  of yours ... had the greatest share in't....
+  Well, would you think it, in all this time ...
+  that rascally _Gazette_ never so much as once mentioned
+  me? Not once, by the wars! Took no
+  more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been
+  in the land of the living."--Congreve, _The Old
+  Bachelor_ (1693).
+
+BLUFF HAL or BLUFF HARRY, Henry VIII.
+
+  Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pence,
+  And numbered bead and shrift,
+  Bluff Harry broke into the spence,
+  And turned the cowls adrift.
+  Tennyson, _The Talking Oak_.
+
+BLUN'DERBORE (3 _syl._), the giant who was drowned because Jack
+scuttled his boat.--_Jack the Giant-killer_.
+
+BLUNT (_Colonel_), a brusque royalist, who vows "he'd woo no woman,"
+but falls in love with Arbella, an heiress, woos and wins her. T.
+Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of
+_Honest Thieves_, calls colonel Blunt "captain Manly."--Hon. sir R.
+Howard, _The Committee_ (1670).
+
+_Blunt_ (_Major-General_), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech,
+but brave, honest, and a true patriot.--Shadwell, _The Volunteers_.
+
+BLUSHINGTON (_Edward_), a bashful young gentleman of twenty-five, sent
+as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by the
+death of his father and uncle, left all at once as "rich as a nabob."
+At college he was called "the sensitive plant of Brazenose," because
+he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall, and
+commits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank Friendly,
+writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady
+Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses
+his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted
+suitor of the pretty Miss Dinah Friendly.--W.T. Moncrieff, _The
+Bashful Man_.
+
+BO or _Boh_, says Warton, was a fierce Gothic chief, whose name was
+used to frighten children.
+
+BOADICEA, queen of a tribe of ancient Britons. Her husband having been
+killed by the Romans, she took the field in person. She was defeated
+and committed suicide.
+
+BOANER´GES (_4 syl._), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes all
+except his own "elect." "He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but
+sits down pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly."--Mrs.
+Oliphant, _Salem Chapel_.
+
+  A protestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingham,
+  sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute
+  publicly with him in the Town Hall.--E. Yates,
+  _Celebrities_, xxii.
+
+[Illustration] Boanerges or "sons of thunder" is the name given by
+Jesus Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire
+from heaven to consume the Samaritans.--Mark iii. 17.
+
+BOAR (_The_), Richard III., so called from his cognizance.
+
+  The bristled boar,
+  In infant gore,
+  Wallows beneath the thorny shade.
+  Gray, _The Bard_ (1757).
+
+In contempt Richard III. is called _The Hog_, hence the popular
+distich:
+
+  The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog,
+  Rule all England, under the Hog.
+
+("The Cat" is Catesby, and "the Rat" Ratcliffe).
+
+_Boar (The Blue)_. This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge
+of the Veres earls of Oxford.
+
+_The Blue Boar Lane_ (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the
+cognizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before
+the battle of Bosworth Field.
+
+BOAR OF ARDENNES (_The Wild_), in French _Le Sanglier des Ardennes_
+(_2 syl._), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was
+as fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin_ _Durward_, under the name of
+"William count of la Marck."
+
+BOB'ADIL, an ignorant, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but
+thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the
+water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck
+with his "dainty oaths," such as "By the foot of Pharaoh!" "Body of
+Cæsar!" "As I am a gentleman and a soldier!" His device to save
+the expense of a standing army is inimitable for its conceit and
+absurdity:
+
+"I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land; gentlemen they
+should be, of a good spirit and able constitution. I would choose them
+by an instinct,... and I would teach them the special rules ... till
+they could play _[fence]_ very near as well as myself. This done, say
+the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would ... challenge 20 of the
+enemy; ... kill them; challenge 20 more, kill them; 20 more, kill them
+too; ... every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day; five
+days, a thousand; 40,000, 40 times 5,200 days; kill them all."--Ben
+Jonson, _Every Man in his Humour_, iv. 7 (1598).
+
+Since his [_Henry Woodward, 1717-1777_] time the part of "Bobadil" has
+never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him.
+
+--Dr. Doran.
+
+The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba,
+who superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous
+charge. Similar characters are "Metamore" and "Scaramouch" (Molière);
+"Parolles" and "Pistol" (Shakespeare); "Bessus" (Beaumont and
+Fletcher). (See also BASILISCO, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, CAPTAIN
+NOLL BLUFF, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSE, etc.)
+
+BOBOLINKON. Christopher Pearse Cranch calls the bobolink:
+
+  Still merriest of the merry birds, and
+  Pied harlequins of June.
+
+  O, could I share without champagne
+  Or muscadel, your frolic;
+  The glad delirium of your joy,
+  Your fun unapostolic;
+  Your drunken jargon through the fields,
+  Your bobolinkish gabble,
+  Your fine Anacreontic glee,
+  Your tipsy reveller's babble!
+
+Christopher Pearse Cranch, _The Bird and the Bell_ (1875).
+
+BODACH GLAY or "Grey Spectre," a house demon of the Scotch, similar to
+the Irish banshee.
+
+BODLEY FAMILY, an American household, father, mother, sisters, and
+brothers, whose interesting adventures at home and abroad are detailed
+by Horace E. Scudder in _The Bodley Books_ (1875-1887).
+
+BOE´MOND, the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his
+subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Roge´ro's
+brother, and son of Roberto Guiscar´do.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_
+(1575).
+
+BOEUF (_Front de_), a gigantic, ferocious follower of prince
+John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BOFFIN (_Nicodemus_), "the golden dustman," foreman of old John
+Harmon, dustman and miser. He was "a broad, round-shouldered,
+one-sided old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with
+overlapping ears." A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his
+wife, whom he greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon,
+dustman, he came in for £100,000. Afterwards, John Harmon, the son,
+being discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and
+lived with him.
+
+_Mrs. Boffin_, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meatman.
+She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old
+John Harmon, dustman and miser, and very kind to the miser's son
+(young John Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became
+"a high flyer at fashion," wore black velvet and sable, but retained
+her kindness of heart and love for her husband. She was devoted to
+Bella Wilfer, who ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon,
+_alias_ Rokesmith.--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).
+
+BO'GIO, one of the allies of Charlemagne. He promised his wife to
+return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BOHEMIAN (_A_), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first gipsies
+came from Bohemia.
+
+_A Literary Bohemian_, an author of desultory works and irregular
+life.
+
+Never was there an editor with less about him of the literary
+Bohemian.--_Fortnightly Review_ ("Paston Letters").
+
+_Bohemian Literature_, desultory reading.
+
+_A Bohemian Life_, an irregular, wandering, restless way of living,
+like that of a gipsy.
+
+BO'HEMOND, prince of Antioch, a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert
+of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+BOIS'GRELIN (_The young countess de_), introduced in the ball given by
+king René at Aix.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+BOIS-GUILBERT (_Sir Brian de_), a preceptor of the Knights Templars.
+Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to Rebecca,
+and she threatens to cast herself from the battlements if he touches
+her. "When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian carries
+off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights Templars
+charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by combat. Sir
+Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge against her,
+and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in the lists,
+Rebecca is declared innocent."--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ time, (Richard
+I.).
+
+BOISTERER, one of the seven attendants of Fortu´nio. His gift was
+that he could overturn a windmill with his breath, and even wreck a
+man-of-war.
+
+  Fortunio asked him what he was doing. "I
+  am blowing a little, sir," answered he, "to set
+  those mills at work." "But," said the knight,
+  "you seem too far off." "On the contrary," replied
+  the blower, "I am too near, for if I did not
+  restrain my breath I should blow the mills over,
+  and perhaps the hill too on which they stand."--Comtesse
+  D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio,"
+  1682).
+
+BOLD BEAUCHAMP _[Beech´-am]_, a proverbial phrase similar to "an
+Achilles," "a Hector," etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp,
+earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a
+hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346.
+
+  So had we still of ours, in France that famous were,
+  Warwick, of England then high-constable that was,
+  ...So hardy, great, and strong,
+  That after of that name it to an adage grew,
+  If any man himself adventurous happed to shew,
+  "Bold Beauchamp" men him termed, if none so bold as he.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).
+
+BOLD STROKE FOR A HUSBAND, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two
+plots: one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband,
+and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed
+her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all suitors
+till he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband,
+disguised herself in man's apparel, assumed the name of Florio, and
+made love as a man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an
+artifice to get back an estate which don Carlos had made over to his
+mistress, and thus saved her husband from ruin (1782).
+
+BOLD STROKE FOR A WIFE. Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne
+£30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if
+she married without the consent of her guardians. Now her guardians
+were four in number, and their characters so widely different that
+"they never agreed on any one thing." They were sir Philip Modelove,
+an old beau; Mr. Periwinkle, a silly virtuoso; Mr. Tradelove, a broker
+on 'Change; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypocritical quaker. Colonel
+Feignwell contrived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their
+bent, and won the heiress.--Mrs. Centlivre (1717).
+
+BOLDWOOD (_Farmer_), one of the wooers of Bathsheba Everdene. He
+serves for her seven years and loses her at last, after killing
+her husband to free her from his tyranny. He is sentenced to penal
+servitude "during Her Majesty's pleasure."--Thomas Hardy, _Far from
+the Madding Crowd_ (1874).
+
+BOLSTER, a famous Wrath, who compelled St. Agnes to gather up the
+boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to
+the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See WRATH'S HOLE.)
+
+BOL'TON (_Stawarth_), an English officer in _The Monastery_, a novel
+by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BOLTON ASS. This creature is said to have chewed tobacco and taken
+snuff.--Dr. Doran.
+
+BOMBA _(King)_, a nickname given to Ferdinand II. of Naples, in
+consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who
+bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called _Bombali'no_ ("Little Bomba").
+
+  A young Sicilian, too, was there...
+  [_Who_] being rebellious to his liege,
+  After Palermo's fatal siege,
+  Across the western seas he fled
+  In good king Bomba's happy reign.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (prelude).
+
+BOMBARDIN'IAN, general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologos.
+He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king
+strikes him, and calls him traitor. "Traitor, in thy teeth,"
+replies the general. They fight, and the king is killed.--H. Carey,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+BOMBASTES FURIOSO, general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is
+plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artaxaminous promises her "half-a-crown"
+if she will forsake the general for himself. "This bright reward
+of ever-daring minds" is irresistible. When Bombastês sees himself
+flouted, he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label
+duly displayed:
+
+  Who dares this pair of boots displace,
+  Must meet Bombastês face to face.
+
+The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombastês "kills him."
+Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, "kills" the general; but at the
+close of the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance,
+promising, if the audience likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B.
+Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso._ [Illustration] This farce is a travesty
+of _Orlando_ _Furioso_, and "Distaffina" is Angelica, beloved by
+Orlando, whom she flouted for Medoro, a young Moor. On this Orlando
+went mad, and hung up his armor on a tree, with this distich attached
+thereto:
+
+  Orlando's arms let none displace,
+  But such who'll meet him face to face.
+
+In the _Rehearsal_, by the duke of Buckingham, Bayes' troops are
+killed, every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and "go off on
+their legs."
+
+See the translation of _Don Quixote_, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363
+(1764).
+
+_Bombastes Furioso (The French)_, capitaine Fracasse.--Théophile
+Gautier.
+
+BOMBAS'TUS, the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept a
+small devil prisoner in the pommel of his sword.
+
+  Bombastus kept a devil's bird
+  Shut in the pommel of his sword,
+  That taught him all the cunning pranks
+  Of past and future mountebanks.
+
+  S. Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 3.
+
+BONAS'SUS, an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd
+encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch
+poet.)--_Noctes Ambrosianae_ (No. xlviii., April, 1830).
+
+BONAVENTU'RE _(Father)_, a disguise assumed for the nonce by the
+chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.).
+
+BONDU'CA or BOADICE'A, wife of Præsutagus king of the Ice'ni. For the
+better security of his family, Præsutagus made the emperor of Rome
+co-heir with his daughters; whereupon the Roman officers took
+possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious
+brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public.
+Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman
+colonies of London, Colchester [_Camalodunum_], Verulam, etc., and
+slew above 80,000 Romans. Subsequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated
+the Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher
+wrote a tragedy entitled _Bonduca_ (1647).
+
+BONE-SETTER _(The)_, Sarah Mapp (died 1736).
+
+BO'NEY, a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 _syl_.), used by
+the English in the early part of the nineteenth century by way of
+depreciation. Thus Thom. Moore speaks of "the infidel Boney."
+
+BONHOMME (_Jacques_), a peasant who interferes with politics; hence
+the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called _La Jacquerie_. The words
+may be rendered "Jimmy" or "Johnny Goodfellow."
+
+BON'IFACE (_St._), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or Winfrith,
+born in Devonshire. He was made archbishop of Mayence by pope Gregory
+III., and is called "The Apostle of the Germans." St. Boniface
+was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 5
+(680-755).
+
+  ... in Friesland first St. Boniface our best,
+  Who of the see of Mentz, while there he sat possessed,
+  At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+_Bon'iface_,(_Father_), ex-abbot of Kennaquhair. He first appears
+under the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross,
+and afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (_Kennaquhair_, that
+is, "I know not where.")--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bon'iface_ (_The abbot_), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as
+Superior of St. Mary's Convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+_Boni'face_, landlord of the inn at Lichfield, in league with the
+highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, "as
+the saying is." Thus, "Does your master stay in town, as the saying
+is?" "So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them."
+"I'm old Will Boniface; pretty well known upon this road, as the
+saying is." He had lived at Lichfield "man and boy above eight and
+fifty years, and not consumed eight and fifty ounces of meat." He
+says:
+
+  "I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my
+  ale, drank my ale, and I always sleep upon my
+  ale."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_,
+  i. I (1707).
+
+BONNE REINE, Claude de France, daughter of Louis XII. and wife of
+François I. (1499-1524).
+
+BONNET ROUGE, a red republican, so called from the red cap of liberty
+which he wore.
+
+BONNIBEL, southern beauty in Constance Cary Harrison's tale, _Flower
+de Hundred._
+
+  The perfection of blonde prettiness, with a
+  mouth like Cupid's bow, a tiny tip-tilted nose,
+  eyes gold-brown to match her hair, a color like
+  crushed roses in her cheeks (1891).
+
+BONNIVARD (_François de_), the prisoner of Chillon. In Byron's poem he
+was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father
+and two sons died on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake;
+three were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of
+Geneva. Two of the three died, and François was set at liberty by
+Henri the Bearnais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy
+for republican principles (1496-1570).
+
+BONSTET'TIN (_Nicholas_), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the
+deputies of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BON'TEMPS (_Roger_), the personification of that buoyant spirit
+which is always "inclined to hope rather than fear," and in the very
+midnight of distress is ready to exclaim, "There's a good time coming,
+wait a little longer." The character is the creation of Béranger.
+
+
+  Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie,
+  Vous, riches désireux;
+  Vous, dont le char dévie
+  Aprés un cours heureux;
+  Vous, qui perdrez peut-être
+  Des titres éclatans,
+  Eh gai! prenez pour maître
+  Le gros Roger Bontemps.
+
+  Béranger (1814).
+
+BON'THORN (_Anthony_), one of Ramorny's followers; employed to murder
+Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover ("the fair maid of Perth"), but
+he murdered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime,
+he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed
+his guilt and was hanged. He was restored to life, but being again
+apprehended was executed.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+BON TON, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects of
+the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin
+neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lady Minikin hates her
+husband, and flirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the
+colonel. Sir John Trotley, who does not understand _bon ton_, thinks
+this sort of flirtation very objectionable. "You'll excuse me, for
+such old-fashioned notions, I am sure" (1760).
+
+BOO'BY (_Lady_), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman,
+Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady
+Booby is a caricature of Richardson's "Pamela."--Fielding, _Joseph
+Andrews_ (1742).
+
+BOON ISLAND. In Celia Thaxter's poem, _The Watch of Boon Island_, is
+told the story of two wedded lovers who tended the lighthouse on Boon
+Island until the husband died, when the wife
+
+  Bowed her head and let the light die out,
+  For the wide sea lay calm as her dead love,
+  When evening fell from the far land, in doubt,
+  Vainly to find that faithful star men strove.
+  (1874.)
+
+BOONE (1 _syl._), colonel [afterwards "general"] Daniel Boone, in the
+United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in Kentucky,
+where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against the Red
+Indians (1735-1820).
+
+  Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer...
+  The general Boone, the back-woodsman of Kentucky,
+  Was happiest among mortals anywhere, etc.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, viii. 61-65 (1821).
+
+BOOSHAL'LOCH (_Neil_), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'Ian, chief of the clan
+Quhele.--Sir W. Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BOO'TES (3 _syl_.), Arcas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his
+mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Arcas was on the
+point of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted
+him into a constellation, either _Boötês_ or _Ursa Major_.--Pausanias,
+_Itinerary of Greece_, viii. 4.
+
+  Doth not Orion worthily deserve
+  A higher place ...
+  Than frail Boötês, who was placed above
+  Only because the gods did else foresee
+  He should the murderer of his mother be?
+
+  Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_.
+
+BOOTH, husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own
+character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an
+additional share of meanness.--Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751).
+
+BORACH'IO, a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain,
+engaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero.--Shakespeare, _Much
+Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Borach'io_, a drunkard. (Spanish, _borracho_, "drunk;" _borrachuélo_,
+"a tippler.")
+
+  "Why, you stink of wine! D'ye think my
+  niece will ever endure such a borachio? You're
+  an absolute Borachio."--W. Congreve, _The Way
+  of the World_ (1700).
+
+_Borachio (Joseph)_, landlord of the Eagle Hotel, in
+Salamanca.--Jephson, _Two Strings to your Bow_ (1792).
+
+BOR'AK (_Al_), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the
+seventh heaven. The word means "lightning." Al Borak had the face of
+a man, but the cheeks of a horse; its eyes were like jacinths, but
+brilliant as the stars; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with
+radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the
+ten animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise.
+
+Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong in frame, and
+with a coat as glossy as marble. His color was saffron, with one hair
+of gold for every three of tawny; his ears were restless and pointed
+like a reed; his eyes large and full of fire; his nostrils wide and
+steaming; he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully
+arched, a mane soft and silky, and a thick tail that swept the
+ground.--_Groquemitaine_. ii. 9.
+
+BORDER MINSTREL (_The_), sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).
+
+  My steps the Border Minstrel led.
+
+W. Wordsworth, _Yarrow Revisited_.
+
+BO'REAS, the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount Hæmus, in Thrace.
+
+  Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer.
+
+G. A. Stephens, _The Shipivreck_.
+
+BOR'GIA _(Lucrezia di)_, duchess of Ferra'ra, wife of don Alfonso. Her
+natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisherman in Naples, but
+when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother,
+announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name
+and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rin'ini, and
+they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of
+nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lucrezia: Orsini
+told him she had murdered her brother; Vitelli, that she had caused
+his uncle to be slain; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle
+Appia'no; Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be
+drowned in the Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro
+struck off the B from the escutcheon of the duke's palace at Ferrara,
+changing the name Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put
+to death the man who had thus insulted their noble house, and Gennaro
+was condemned to death by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an
+antidote, and let him out of prison by a secret door. Soon after his
+liberation the princess Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand
+supper, to which Gennaro and his companions were invited. At the close
+of the banquet they were all arrested by Lucrezia after having drunk
+poisoned wine. Gennaro was told he was the son of Lucrezia, and
+died. Lucrezia no sooner saw him die than she died also.--Donizetti,
+_Lucrezia di Borgia_ (an opera, 1835).
+
+BOROS'KIE (3 _syl_.), a malicious counsellor of the great-duke of
+Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).
+
+BOR'OUGHCLIFF (_Captain_), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited, and
+slangy. "I guess," "I reckon," "I calculate," are used indifferently
+by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his
+boastful assertions: as, "I'm a pretty considerable favorite with the
+ladies; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" "My character for valor is pretty
+well known; isn't it, sergeant Drill?" "If you once saw me in battle,
+you'd never forget it; would he, sergeant Drill?" "I'm a sort of a
+kind of a nonentity; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" etc. He is made the
+butt of Long Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece
+Katharine, but the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant
+Barnstable, who turns out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at
+last in marrying the lady of his affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_.
+
+BORRE (1 _syl_.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the knights
+of the Round Table. His mother was Lyonors, an earl's daughter, who
+came to do homage to the young king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 15 (1470).
+
+[Illustration] Sir Bors de Granis is quite another person, and so is
+king Bors of Gaul.
+
+BORRO'MEO (_Charles_), cardinal and archbishop of Milan. Immortalized
+by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'an to the plague-stricken
+(1538-1584).
+
+St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to those
+stricken with the plague at Piacenza; and Mompesson to the people of
+Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in
+ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles.
+
+BORS (_King_) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [Brittany?].
+They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on
+the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to aid them against
+king Claudas, "a mighty man of men," who warred against them.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).
+
+There are two brethren beyond the sea, and they kings both ... the one
+hight king Ban of Benwieke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul,
+that is, France.--Pt. i. 8.
+
+(Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round
+Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called
+sir Bors sometimes.)
+
+_Bors_ (_Sir_), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and
+nephew of sir Launcelot. "For all women he was a virgin, save for
+one, the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight
+Elaine; save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid" (ch. iv.). When he
+went to Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine
+(daughter of king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as
+good a knight as his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal
+was vouchsafed him; for--
+
+  There came a white dove, bearing a little censer
+  of gold in her bill ... and a maiden that
+  bear the Sancgreall, and she said, "Wit ye well,
+  sir Bors, that this child ... shall achieve the
+  Sancgreall" ... then they kneeled down ... and
+  there was such a savor as all the spicery in the
+  world had been there. And when the dove took
+  her flight, the maiden vanished away with the
+  Sancgreall.--Pt. iii. 4.
+
+Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir
+
+Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily
+appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the
+holy greal; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the
+Saviour enter it.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii.
+101, 102 (1470).
+
+N.B.--This sir Bors must not be confounded with sir Borre, a natural
+son of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of the earl Sanam, pt. i.
+15), nor yet with king Bors of Gaul, _i.e._, France (pt. i. 8).
+
+BORTELL, the bull, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+BOS'CAN-[ALMOGA'VÀ], a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His
+poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced
+the Italian style into Castilian poetry.
+
+  Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book,
+  Boscan, or Garcilasso.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 95 (1819).
+
+BOSCOSEL, mysterious being, who brings about a reunion on earth of
+friends who have long ago departed for the spirit-world.--Francis
+Howard Williams, _Boscosel_ (1888).
+
+BOSMI'NA, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of
+Scotland).--Ossian.
+
+BOS'N HILL. In _Poems_ by John Albee (1883) we find a legend of a dead
+Bos'n (boatswain) whose whistle calls up the dead on stormy nights
+when
+
+  The wind blows wild on Bos'n Hill,
+  But sailors know when next they sail
+  Beyond the hilltop's view,
+  There's one amongst them shall not fail
+  To join the Bos'n's crew.
+
+BOSSU (_Réné le_), French scholar and critic (1631-1680).
+
+  And for the epic poem your lordship bade
+  me look at, upon taking the length, breadth,
+  height, and depth of it, and trying them at
+  home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my
+  lord, in every one of its dimensions.--Sterne
+  (1768).
+
+BOSSUT (_Abbé Charles_), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814).
+
+(Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, among others
+that of _M. l'Abbé Bossut_ in several educational works in French.)
+
+BOSTA'NA, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped prince
+Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on "the fiery mountain."
+His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two
+daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bastinado and feed him
+with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time,
+the heart of Bostana softened towards her captive, and she released
+him. Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his
+wife, and became in time king of the city in which he was already
+vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+BOSTOCK, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family
+birth. His one and only inquiry is "How many quarterings has a person
+got?" Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins,
+and a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, who "is not a sprig
+of the nobility."--James Shirley, _The Ball_ (1642).
+
+BOT'ANY (_Father of English_), W. Turner, M.D. (1520-1568).
+
+J.P. de Tournefort is called _The Father of Botany_ (1656-1708).
+
+[Illustration] Antoine de Jussieu lived 1686-1758, and his brother
+Bernard 1699-1777.
+
+BOTHWELL (_Sergeant_), _alias_ Francis Stewart, in the royal
+army.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Bothwell (Lady)_, sister of lady Forester.
+
+_Sir Geoffrey Bothwell_, the husband of lady Bothwell.
+
+_Mrs. Margaret Bothwell_, in the introduction of the story. Aunt
+Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tombstone for her own.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.).
+
+BOTTLED BEER, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin catechism
+which first appeared in 1570, under the title of _Christianæ pietatis
+prima Institutio, ad usum Scholarum Latine Scripta_. In 1560 he was
+promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602).--Fuller, _Worthies
+of England_ ("Lancashire").
+
+BOTTOM (_Nick_), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound ignorance
+and unbounded conceit, not without good-nature and a fair dash of
+mother-wit. When the play of _Pyramus and Thisbe_ is cast, Bottom
+covets every part; the lion, Thisbê, Pyramus, all have charms for him.
+In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom,
+on whom Puck had placed an ass's head.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer
+Night's Dream_.
+
+  Bottom. An' I may hide my face; let me play
+  Thisby, too: I'll speak in a monstrous little voice.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Let me play the lion, too; I will roar that I will
+  do any man's heart good to hear me.
+
+  _Midsummer Night's Dream_, i. 2.
+
+BOUBEKIR' MUEZ'IN, of Bag dad, "a vain, proud, and envious iman, who
+hated the rich because he himself was poor." When prince Zeyn Alasnam
+came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probably he
+was "some thief who had made himself rich by plunder." The prince's
+attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and
+requested the honor of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning
+prayers, the iman said to the people, "I find, my brethren, that the
+stranger who is come to Bag dad is a young prince possessed of a
+thousand virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us protect him,
+and rejoice that he has come among us."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince
+Zeyn Alasnam").
+
+BOUCHARD (_Sir_), a knight of Flanders, of most honorable descent. He
+married Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127
+Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was
+always a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a
+serf. Now, Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who
+had raised himself to wealth and great honor, was reduced to serfdom
+because his father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard,
+although a knight of royal blood became Thancmar's serf because he
+married Constance, the daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The
+result of this absurd law was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then
+himself, Constance went mad and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each
+other in fight, and all Bruges was thrown into confusion.--S. Knowles,
+_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+BOU'ILLON (_Godfrey duke of_), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced in
+_Count Robert of Paris_, a novel by Sir W. Scott (time, Rufus).
+
+BOUNCE (_Mr. T_.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of
+the _Times_ (or the _Turnabout_, as it was called).
+
+BOUND'ERBY (_Josiah_), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the "Bully
+of Humility," a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic laugh.
+Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he pays
+£30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pretends
+that "he was dragged up from the gutter to become a millionaire." Mr.
+Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbor and friend, Thomas
+Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BOUNTIFUL (_Lady_), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was
+curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent.
+
+  "My lady Bountiful is one of the best of women.
+  Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her
+  with £1000 a year; and I believe she lays out
+  one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of
+  her neighbors. In short, she has cured more
+  people in and about Lichfield within ten years
+  than the doctors have killed in twenty; and that's
+  a bold word."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux'
+  Stratagem_, i. 1 (1705).
+
+BOUNTY (_Mutiny of the_), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian. The
+mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn Island (Polynesian Archipelago).
+In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander Smith), who
+had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch
+of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the British
+Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in _The Island_, has made the "mutiny
+of the _Bounty_" the basis of his tale, but the facts are greatly
+distorted.
+
+BOUS'TRAPA, a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of the
+first syllables of _Bou_ [logne], _Stra_ [sbourg], _Pa_[ris], and
+alludes to his escapades in 1836, 1840, 1851 (_coup d'état_).
+
+No man ever lived who was distinguished by more nicknames than Louis
+Napoleon. Besides the one above mentioned, he was called _Badinguet,
+Man of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Verhuel_, etc.; and after his
+escape from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of _count
+Arenenberg_.
+
+BOWER OF BLISS, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It
+abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure.
+Here Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he
+ultimately broke from the enchantress and rejoined the war.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+_Bower of Bliss_, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and
+most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating
+island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the
+senses, and "wrap the spirit in forgetfulness."--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, ii. 12 (1590).
+
+BOWKIT, in _The Son-in-Law._
+
+In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on
+account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing "Bowkit" at the
+Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, "_Ugly?_" and then advancing
+to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, "I submit to the
+decision of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us
+three: I, old Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the
+balcony box?"--_Cornhill Magazine_ (1867).
+
+BOWLEY (_Sir Joseph_), M.P., who facetiously calls himself "the poor
+man's friend." His secretary is Fish.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_
+(1844).
+
+BOWLING (_Lieutenant Tom_), an admirable naval character in Smollett's
+_Roderick Random._ Dibdin wrote a naval song _in memoriam_ of Tom
+Bowling, beginning thus:
+
+  Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling,
+  The darling of the crew ...
+
+BOWYER (_Master_), usher of the black rod in the court of queen
+Elizabeth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BOWZYBE'US (4 _syl._), the drunkard, rioted for his songs in Gray's
+pastorals, called _The Shepherd's Week_. He sang of "Nature's Laws,"
+of "Fairs and Shows," "The Children in the Wood," "Chevy Chase,"
+"Taffey Welsh," "Rosamond's Bower," "Lilly-bullero," etc. The 6th
+pastoral is in imitation of Virgil's 6th _Ecl_., and Bowzybëus is a
+vulgarized Silenus.
+
+  That Bowzybeus, who with jocund tongue,
+  Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, vi. (1714).
+
+BOX AND COX, a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal
+characters of which are Box and Cox.
+
+BOY BACHELOR _(The)_, William Wotton, D.D., admitted at St.
+Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of
+B.A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726).
+
+BOY BISHOP _(The)_, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth
+century).
+
+(There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral
+choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy
+possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was
+buried _in pontificalibus_. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In
+Salisbury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the
+verger says was made for a boy bishop.)
+
+BOY BLUE _(Little)_ is the subject of a poem in Eugene Field's _Little
+Book of Western Verse_.
+
+  The little toy-dog is covered with dust,
+  But sturdy and staunch he stands;
+  And the little toy-soldier is red with rust,
+  And his musket moulds in his hands.
+  Time was when the little toy-dog was new,
+  And the soldier was passing fair,
+  And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue
+  Kissed them and put them there.
+
+  Ay, faithful to Little Boy Blue they stand,
+  Each in the same old place,
+  Awaiting the touch of a little hand,
+  The smile of a little face. (1889.)
+
+BOY CRUCIFIED. It is said that some time during the dark ages, a boy
+named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach, on the Rhine, by
+the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on
+the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William
+of Norwich are instances of a similar story.
+
+  See how its currents gleam and shine ...
+  As if the grapes were stained with the blood
+  Of the innocent boy who, some years back,
+  Was taken and crucified by the Jews
+  In that ancient town of Bacharach.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+BOYET', one of the lords attending on the princess of
+France.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_ (1594).
+
+BOYTHORN (_Laurence_), a robust gentleman with the voice of a
+Stentor; a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious
+sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his
+finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady
+Dedlock's sister. But "the good old times--all times when old are
+good--were gone."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+("Laurence Boythorn" is a caricature of W. S. Landor; as "Harold
+Skimpole," in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.)
+
+BOZ, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed
+_Moses_, in honor of "Moses Primrose" in the _Vicar of Wakefield_.
+Children called the name _Bozes_, which got shortened into _Boz_
+(1812-1870).
+
+BOZZY, James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson
+(1740-1795).
+
+BRABAN'TIO, a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na; most proud,
+arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the "insolence" of Othello in
+marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have
+been drugged with love-potions so to demean herself.--Shakespeare,
+_Othello_ (1611).
+
+BRAC'CIO, commissary of the republic of Florence, employed in picking
+up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble Moor,
+who commanded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The Florentines
+hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly cancel
+their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to
+confess. This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so
+clear in his great office, that his virtues would plead like angels,
+trumpet-tongued, against the council which should censure him.--Robert
+Browning, _Luria_.
+
+BRAC'IDAS AND AM'IDAS, the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love
+with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy.
+Their father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size
+and value, but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother
+and added to the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook
+Bracidas for the richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken,
+jumped into the sea. A floating chest attracted her attention, she
+clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas
+received her kindly. The chest was found to contain property of great
+value, and Lucy gave it to Bracidas, together with herself, "the
+better of them both." Amidas and Philtra claimed the chest as their
+right, and the dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal
+decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his own all the additions which
+the sea had given to his island, so Lucy might claim as her own the
+chest which the sea had given into her hands.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_,
+v. 4 (1596).
+
+BRAEKENBURY _(Lord)_, English peer of nomadic tastes. He disappears
+from his world, leaving the impression that he has been murdered, that
+he may live unhampered by class-obligations.--Amelia B. Edwards, _Lord
+Brackenbury_.
+
+Bracy _(Sir Maurice de_), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady
+Rowen'a to become his bride, and threatens to kill both Cedric and
+Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is interrupted, and at the close
+of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+BRAD'AMANT, daughter of Amon and Beatrice, sister of Rinaldo, and
+niece of Charlemagne. She was called the _Virgin Knight._ Her armor
+was white, and her plume white. She loved Roge'ro the Moor, but
+refused to marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great
+pomp and Rogero's victory over Rodomont form the subject of the last
+book of _Orlando Furioso_. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear,
+which unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar
+spear.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BRAD'BOURNE (_Mistress Lilias_), waiting-woman of lady Avenel
+(2 _syl_.), at Avenel Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+BRADWARDINE (_Como Cosmyne_), baron of Bradwardine and of Tully
+Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant.
+
+_Rose Bradwardine_, his daughter, the heroine of the novel, which
+concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the
+manor-house of Tully Veolan.
+
+_Malcolm Bradwardine_ of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old
+baron.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BRADY (_Martha_), a young "Irish widow" twenty-three years of age,
+and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick
+O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of sixty-three, wanted
+to oust his nephew in her affections, for he thought her "so modest,
+so mild, so tenderhearted, so reserved, so domestic. Her voice was so
+sweet, with just a _soupçon_ of the brogue to make it enchanting." In
+order to break off this detestable passion of the old man, the widow
+assumed the airs and manners of a boisterous, loud, flaunting,
+extravagant, low Irishwoman, deeply in debt, and abandoned to
+pleasure. Old Whittle, thoroughly frightened, induced his nephew to
+take the widow off his hands, and gave him £5000 as a _douceur_ for so
+doing.--Garrick, _The Irish Widow_ (1757).
+
+BRAG (_Jack_), a vulgar boaster, who gets into good society, where his
+vulgarity stands out in strong relief.--Theodore Hook, _Jack Brag_ (a
+novel).
+
+_Brag_ (_Sir Jack_), general John Burgoyne (died 1792).
+
+BRAGANZA (_Juan duke of_). In 1580 Philip II. of Spain claimed the
+crown of Portugal, and governed it by a regent. In 1640 Margaret was
+regent, and Velasquez her chief minister, a man exceedingly obnoxious
+to the Portuguese. Don Juan and his wife Louisa of Braganza being
+very popular, a conspiracy was formed to shake off the Spanish yoke.
+Velasquez was torn to death by the populace, and don Juan of Braganza
+was proclaimed king.
+
+_Louisa duchess of Braganza_. Her character is thus described:
+
+
+Bright Louisa, To all the softness of her tender sex, Unites the
+noblest qualities of man: A genius to embrace the amplest schemes...
+Judgment most sound, persuasive eloquence... Pure piety without
+religious dross, And fortitude that shrinks at no disaster. Robert
+Jephson, _Braganza_, i. 1 (1775).
+
+Mrs. Bellamy took her leave of the stage May 24, 1785. On this
+occasion Mrs. Yates sustained the part of the "duchess of Braganza,"
+and Miss Farren spoke the address.--F. Reynolds.
+
+
+BRAGELA, daughter of Sorglan, and wife of Cuthullin (general of the
+Irish army and regent during the minority of king Cormac).--Ossian,
+_Fingal_.
+
+BRAGGADO´CIO, personification of the intemperance of the tongue. For a
+time his boasting serves him with some profit, but being found out,
+he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. His _shield_ is claimed by
+Mar´inel; his _horse_ by Guyon; Talus shaves off his beard; and his
+lady is shown to be a sham Florimel.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 8
+and 10, with v. 3.
+
+It is thought that Philip of Spain was the academy figure of
+"Braggadocio."
+
+_Braggadocio's Sword_, San´glamore (_3 syl_).
+
+BRAGMAR´DO (_Jano´tus de_), the sophister sent by the Parisians to
+Gargantua, to remonstrate with him for carrying off the bells
+of Notre-Dame to suspend round the neck of his mare for
+jingles.--Rabelais, _Gargantua and Pantag´ruel´_, ii. (1533).
+
+BRAHMIN CASTE OF NEW ENGLAND, term used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in
+_Elsie Venner_ to describe an intellectual aristocracy: "Our scholars
+come chiefly from a privileged order just as our best fruits come from
+well-known grafts."--_Elsie Venner_ (1863).
+
+BRAIN'WORM, the servant of Knowell, a man of infinite shifts, and a
+regular Proteus in his metamorphoses. He appears first as Brainworm;
+after as Fitz-Sword; then as a reformed soldier whom Knowell takes
+into his service; then as justice Clement's man; and lastly as valet
+to the courts of law, by which devices he plays upon the same clique
+of some half-dozen men of average intelligence.--Ben Jonson, _Every
+Man in His Humour_ (1598).
+
+BRAKEL (_Adrian_), the gipsy mountebank, formerly master of Fenella,
+the deaf and dumb girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BRAMBLE (_Matthew_), an "odd kind of humorist," "always on the fret,"
+dyspeptic, and afflicted with gout, but benevolent, generous, and
+kind-hearted.
+
+_Miss Tabitha Bramble_, an old maiden sister of Matthew Bramble, of
+some forty-five years of age, noted for her bad spelling. She is
+starched, vain, prim, and ridiculous; soured in temper, proud,
+imperious, prying, mean, malicious, and uncharitable. She contrives at
+last to marry captain Lismaha'go, who is content to take "the maiden"
+for the sake of her £4000.
+
+_Bramble (Sir Robert_), a baronet living at Blackberry Hall, Kent.
+Blunt and testy, but kind-hearted; "charitable as a Christian, and
+rich as a Jew;" fond of argument and contradiction, but detesting
+flattery; very proud, but most considerate to his poorer neighbors. In
+his first interview with lieutenant Worthington, "the poor gentleman,"
+the lieutenant mistook him for a bailiff come to arrest him, but sir
+Roflert nobly paid the bill for £500 when it was presented to him for
+signature as sheriff of the county.
+
+_Frederick Bramble_, nephew of sir Robert, and son of Joseph Bramble,
+a Russian merchant. His father having failed in business, Frederick is
+adopted by his rich uncle. He is full of life and noble instincts,
+but thoughtless and impulsive. Frederick falls in love with Emily
+Worthington, whom he marries.--G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+BRA´MINE (_2 syl._) AND BRA´MIN (_The_), Mrs. Elizabeth Draper and
+Laurence Sterne. Sterne being a clergyman, and Mrs. Draper having been
+born in India, suggested the names. Ten of Sterne's letters to Mrs.
+Draper are published, and called _Letters to Eliza_.
+
+BRAN, the dog of Lamderg the lover of Gelchossa (daughter of
+Tuathal).--Ossian, _Fingal_, v.
+
+[Illustration] Fingal king of Morven had a dog of the same name, and
+another named Luäth.
+
+  Call White-breasted Bran and the surly
+  strength of Luäth.--Ossian, _Fingal_, vi.
+
+BRAND (_Ethan_), an ex-lime burner in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story of
+the same name, who, fancying he has committed the Unpardonable Sin,
+commits suicide by leaping into the burning kiln.
+
+_Brand_ (_Sir Denys_), a county magnate, who apes humility. He rides a
+sorry brown nag "not worth £5," but mounts his groom on a race-horse
+"twice victor for a plate."
+
+BRAN´DAMOND of Damascus, whom sir Bevis of Southampton defeated.
+
+That dreadful battle where with Brandamond he fought. And with his
+sword and steed such earthly wonders wrought As e'en among his foes
+him admiration won. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+BRAN'DAN (_Island of St_.) or ISLAND of SAN BORANDAN, a flying island,
+so late as 1755 set down in geographical charts west of the Canary
+group. In 1721 an expedition was sent by Spain in quest thereof.
+The Spaniards say their king Rodri'go has retreated there, and the
+Portuguese affirm that it is the retreat of their don Sebastian. It
+was called St. Brandan from a navigator of the sixth century, who went
+in search of the "Islands of Paradise."
+
+Its reality was for a long time a matter of firm belief ... the garden
+of Armi'da, where Rinaldo was detained, and which Tasso places in
+one of the Canary Isles, has been identified with San Borandan.--W.
+Irving.
+
+(If there is any truth at all in the legend, the island must be
+ascribed to the Fata Morgana.)
+
+BRAN'DEUM, plu. _Brandea_, a piece of cloth enclosed in a box with
+relics, which thus acquired the same miraculous powers as the relics
+themselves.
+
+Pope Leo proved this fact beyond a doubt, for when some Greeks
+ventured to question it, he cut a brandeum through with a pair of
+scissors, and it was instantly covered with blood.--J. Brady, _Clavis
+Calendaria_, 182.
+
+BRAN'DIMART, brother-in-law of Orlando, son of Monodantês, and husband
+of For'delis. This "king of the Distant Islands" was one of
+the bravest knights in Charlemagne's army, and was slain by
+Gradasso.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorata_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BRAND, a term often applied to the sword in medaeval romances.
+
+  Thou therefore take my brand Excalibur,
+  Which was my pride--
+  Tennyson, _The Morte d'Arthur._
+
+BRANGTONS (_The_), vulgar, jealous, malicious gossips in _Evelina_, a
+novel by Miss Burney (1778).
+
+BRANNO, an Irishman, father of Evirallin. Evirallin was the wife of
+Ossian and mother of Oscar.--Ossian.
+
+BRASS, the roguish confederate of Dick Amlet, and acting as his
+servant.
+
+  "I am your valet, 'tis true; your footman
+  sometimes ... but you have always had the
+  ascendant, I confess. When we were school-fellows,
+  you made me carry your books, make your
+  exercise, own your rogueries, and sometimes take
+  a whipping for you. When we were fellow-'prentices,
+  though I was your senior, you made
+  me open the shop, clean my master's boots, cut
+  last at dinner, and eat all the crusts. In your
+  sins, too, I must own you still kept me under;
+  you soared up to the mistress, while I was content
+  with the maid."--Sir John Yanbrugh, _The Confederacy_,
+  iii. 1 (1695).
+
+_Brass (Sampson)_, a knavish, servile attorney, affecting great
+sympathy with his clients, but in reality fleecing them without mercy.
+
+_Sally Brass_, Sampson's sister, and an exaggerated edition of her
+brother.--C. Dickens, _Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840).
+
+BRAVE (_The_), Alfonzo IV. of Portugal (1290-1357).
+
+_The Brave Fleming_, John Andrew van der Mersch (1734-1792).
+
+_The Bravest of the Brave_, Marshal Ney, _Le Brave des Braves_
+(1769-1815).
+
+BRAY (_Mr._), a selfish, miserly old man, who dies suddenly of
+heart-disease, just in time to save his daughter from being sacrificed
+to Arthur Gride, a rich old miser.
+
+_Madeline Bray_, daughter of Mr. Bray, a loving, domestic, beautiful
+girl, who marries Nicholas Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_
+(1838).
+
+_Bray (Vicar of)_, supposed by some to be Simon Aleyn, who lived
+(says Fuller) "in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and
+Elizabeth. In the first two reigns he was a _protestant_, in Mary's
+reign a _catholic_, and in Elizabeth's a _protestant_ again." No
+matter who was king, Simon Aleyn resolved to live and die "the vicar
+of Bray" (1540-1588).
+
+Others think the vicar was Simon Symonds, who (according to Ray) was
+an _independent_ in the protectorate, a _high churchman_ in the reign
+of Charles II., a _papist_ under James II., and a _moderate churchman_
+in the reign of William III.
+
+Others again give the cap to one Pendleton.
+
+[Illustration] The well-known song was written by an officer in
+colonel Fuller's regiment, in the reign of George I., and seems to
+refer to some clergyman of no very distant date.
+
+BRAY´MORE (_Lady Caroline_), daughter of lord Fitz-Balaam. She was to
+have married Frank Rochdale, but hearing that her "intended" loved
+Mary Thornberry, she married the Hon. Tom Shuffleton.--G. Colman,
+jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BRAZEN (_Captain_), a kind of Bobadil. A boastful, tongue-doughty
+warrior, who pretends to know everybody; to have a liaison with every
+wealthy, pretty, or distinguished woman; and to have achieved in war
+the most amazing prodigies.
+
+BRAZEN HEAD. The first on record is one which Sylvester II.
+(_Gerbert_) possessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till
+he had sung mass at Jerusalem. When pope he was stricken with his
+death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem
+(999-1003).
+
+The next we hear of was made by Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253).
+
+The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which cost
+him thirty years' labor, and was broken to pieces by his disciple
+Thomas Aqui´nas (1193-1280).
+
+The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, "Time is, time
+was, time comes." Byron refers to it in the lines:
+
+  Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken,
+  "Time is, time was, time's past [?]"
+  _Don Juan_, i. 217 (1819).
+
+Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a
+sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian.
+
+_Brazen Head_ (_The_), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant
+Fer´ragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who
+consulted it whatever they desired to know, past, present, or
+future.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BREAKFAST TABLE (_Autocrat of_). See AUTOCRAT.
+
+BREAKING A STICK is part of the marriage ceremony of the American
+Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony
+of the Jews.--Lady Augusta Hamilton, _Marriage Rites, etc._, pp. 292,
+298.
+
+In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the
+Virgin Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that
+the several suitors of the "virgin" were each to bring an almond stick
+which was to be laid up in the sanctuary over night, and the owner of
+the stick which budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained,
+and thus Joseph became her husband.--B.H. Cowper, _Apocryphal Gospel_
+("Pseudo-Matthew's Gospel," 40, 41).
+
+In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their
+sticks on the back of Joseph.
+
+BREC´AN, a mythical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by one
+wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed into
+rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Brecknockshire, according
+to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.)
+
+  Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great
+  (Who dying lent his name to that his noble seat),
+  With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife.
+  They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life,
+  To rivers were transformed; whose pureness doth declare
+  How excellent they were by being what they are ...
+  ..._[they]_ to Severn shape their course.
+  M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+BREC'HAN (_Prince_), father of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the former a
+martyr and the latter a confessor.
+
+BRECK (_Alison_), an old fishwife, friend of the Mucklebackits.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Greorge III.).
+
+_Breck (Angus)_, a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, Greorge I.).
+
+BREITMAN (_Hans_), the giver of the entertainment celebrated in
+Charles Godfrey Leland's dialect verses, _Hans Breitman gave a Party_.
+A favorite with parlor and platform "readers." (1871.)
+
+BREN´DA [TROIL], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+BRENG´WAIN, the confidante of Is´olde (_2 syl._) wife of sir Mark
+king of Cornwall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir
+Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues.
+
+_Breng´wain_, wife of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BRENNETT (_Maurice_), a man whom "life had always cast for the leading
+business" and who "bears himself in a manner befitting the title
+rôle." In pursuance of this destiny he becomes a mining speculator,
+betrays his confiding partner and everybody else who will trust, and
+when success seems within his grasp is thwarted by the discovery of
+a man he had supposed to be dead. The woman he would have married to
+secure her fortune, around which he had woven the fine web of his
+schemes, breaks out impetuously:
+
+"If you will prove his complicity ... I will pursue him to the ends of
+the earth."
+
+At that moment through the window she sees the head-light of the train
+that is bearing Maurice Brennett away into the darkness. The thorough
+search made for him afterward is futile.--Charles Egbert Craddock,
+_Where the Battle was Fought_ (1885).
+
+BRENTA´NO (_A_), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens
+and his sister Bettina, are remarkable in German literary annals for
+the wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work,
+_Göthe's Correspondence with a Child_ (1835), is a pure fabrication of
+her own.
+
+  At the point where the folly of others ceases,
+  that of the Brentanos begins.--_German Proverb_.
+
+BRENTFORD (_The two kings of_). In the duke of Buckingham's farce
+called _The Rehearsal_ (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter
+hand-in-hand, dance together, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to
+heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the
+same nosegay (act ii. 2).
+
+BRETWALDA, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in England
+during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called emperor. The
+bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the under-kings, but in
+times of war or danger formed an important centre.
+
+BREWER OF GHENT (_The_), James van Artevelde, a great patriot. His son
+Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century).
+
+BREWSTER (_William_). _The Life and Death of William Brewster_, elder
+in the first church planted in Massachusetts, was written by his
+colleague William Bradford (1630-1650). After a feeling eulogy upon
+his departed friend, he remarks, parenthetically: "He always thought
+it were better for ministers to pray oftener and divide their prayers,
+than be long and tedious in the same (except upon solemn and special
+occasions, as in days of humiliation and the like). His reason was
+that the hearts and spirits of all, especially the weak, continue and
+stand bent (as it were) so long towards God as they ought to do in
+that duty without flagging and falling off." This is a remarkable
+deliverance for a day when two-hour prayers were the rule, and from
+a man who, his biographer tells us, "had a singular good gift in
+prayer."
+
+BRIA´NA, the lady of a castle who demanded for toll "the locks of
+every lady and the beard of every knight that passed." This toll was
+established because sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused
+to marry her till she had provided him with human hair sufficient to
+"purfle a mantle" with. Sir Crudor, having been overthrown in knightly
+combat by sir Calidore, who refused to pay "the toll demanded," is
+made to release Briana from the condition imposed on her, and Briana
+swears to discontinue the discourteous toll.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_,
+vi. 1 (1596).
+
+BRI´ANOR (_Sir_), a knight overthrown by the "Salvage Knight," whose
+name was sir Artegal.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).
+
+BRIAR´EOS (_4 syl._), usually called Briareus [_Bri´.a.ruce_], the
+giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, "And Briareus, with
+all his hundred hands" (_Virgil_, vi.); but Milton writes the name
+Briareos (_Paradise Lost_, i. 199).
+
+  Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came,
+  Whom gods Briareos, men Ægeon name.
+  Pope, _Iliad_, i.
+
+BRI´AREUS (_Bold_), Handel (1685-1757).
+
+BRI´AREUS OF LANGUAGES, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with
+fifty-eight different languages. Byron calls him "a walking polyglot"
+(1774-1849).
+
+BRIBO´CI, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent counties.--Cæsar,
+_Commentaries_.
+
+BRICK (_Jefferson_), a very weak pale young man, the war correspondent
+of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, of which colonel Diver was
+editor.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BRIDE OF ABY´DOS (_The_), Zulei´ka (_3 syl._), daughter of Giaffer (_2
+syl._), pacha of Abydos. She is the troth-plight bride of Selim; but
+Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart.--Byron,
+_Bride of Abydos_ (1813).
+
+BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw.
+She tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day
+following.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William
+III.).
+
+[Illustration] _The Bride of Lammermoor_ is one of the most finished
+of Scott's novels, presenting a unity of plot and action from
+beginning to end. The old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and
+far too prominent, but he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes.
+
+  In _The Bride of Lammermoor_ we see embodied
+  the dark spirit of fatalism--that spirit which
+  breathes on the writings of the Greek tragedians
+  when they traced the persecuting vengeance of
+  destiny against the houses of Laius and Atreus.
+  From the time that we hear the prophetic rhymes
+  the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us,
+  till they close the tale in a night of horror.--Ed.
+  Rev.
+
+BRIDE OF THE SEA, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of the
+doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it,
+pronouncing these words, "We wed thee, O sea, in token of perpetual
+domination."
+
+BRIDGE. The imaginary bridge between earth and the Mohammedan paradise
+is called "Al Sirat´."
+
+The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian
+mythology is called "Bif´rost."
+
+BRIDGE OF GOLD. According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit
+crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in reasons of plenty,
+and blesses both cornfields and vineyards.
+
+  Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,
+  Upon thy bridge of gold.
+  Longfellow, _Autumn_.
+
+BRIDGE OF SIGHS, the covered passageway which connects the palace
+of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called "the Bridge of
+Sighs," because the condemned passed over it from the judgment hall to
+the place of execution. Hood has a poem called _The Bridge of Sighs_.
+
+BRIDGEMORE (_Mr._), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest merchant,
+wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a _soirée_ given by
+lord Abberville, "and counts the servants, gapes at the lustres, and
+never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below, chatting with
+the travelling tutor."
+
+_Mrs. Bridgemore_, wife of Mr. Bridgemore, equally vulgar, but with
+more pretension to gentility.
+
+_Miss Lucinda Bridgemore_, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious
+daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was
+engaged to lord Abberville, but her money would not out-balance her
+vulgarity and ill-temper, so the young "fashionable lover" made his
+bow and retired.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+BRIDGENORTH (_Major Ralph_), a roundhead and conspirator, neighbor of
+sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier.
+
+_Mrs. Bridgenorth_, the major's wife.
+
+_Alice Bridgenorth_, the major's daughter and heroine of the
+novel. Her marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the
+novel.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BRID´GET (_Miss_), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel called
+_The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+  It has been wondered why Fielding should
+  have chosen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on
+  the birth of his hero ... but had Miss Bridget
+  been privately married ... there could have
+  been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the
+  birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable
+  and compassionate as Allworthy.--_Encyc.
+  Brit._ Art. "Fielding."
+
+_Brid´get (Mrs.)_, in Sterne's novel called _The Life and Opinions of
+Tristram Shandy, Gent._ (1759).
+
+_Bridget (Mother)_, aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St.
+Catherine.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bridget (May)_, the milkwoman at Falkland Castle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BRIDGE´WARD (_Peter_), the bridgekeeper of Kennaquhair ("I know not
+where").--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bridgeward (Peter)_, warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He
+refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of
+lady Alice.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BRIDLE. John Grower says that Rosiphele princess of Armenia,
+insensible to love, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly
+mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred
+except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was
+informed that she was disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her
+lovers, but that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because
+the obdurate girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love.
+Moral--Hence let ladies warning take--
+
+  Of love that they be not idle,
+  And bid them think of my bridle.
+  _Confessio Amantis_ ("Episode of Rosiphele,"
+  1325-1402).
+
+BRIDLEGOOSE _(Judge)_, a judge who decided the causes brought before
+him, not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more simple
+process of throwing dice. Rabelais, _Pantag´ruel_, iii. 39 (1545.)
+
+BRI´DLESLY (_Joe_), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian
+Peveril buys a horse.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BRID´OISON _[Bree.dwoy.zong´]_, a stupid judge in the _Mariage de
+Figaro_, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784).
+
+BRIDOON (_Corporal_), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BRIEN´NIUS (_Nicephorus_), the Cæsar of the Grecian empire, and
+husband of Anna Comne´na (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of
+Greece).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+BRIGADO´RE (4 _syl._), sir Guyon's horse. The word means "Golden
+saddle."--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 3 (1596).
+
+BRIGAN´TES (3 _syl._), called by Drayton _Brig´ants_, the people of
+Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Durham.
+
+  Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed,
+  The powerful English established ... Northumberland [_Northumbria_].
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+BRIGGS, one of the ten young gentlemen in the school of Dr. Blimber
+when Paul Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was nicknamed the "Stoney,"
+because his brains were petrified by the constant dropping of wisdom
+upon them.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BRIGLIADORO [_Bril´.ye.dor´.ro_], Orlando's steed. The word means
+"Gold bridle."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's _Faëry Queen_, is called by a similar
+name.
+
+BRILLIANT _(Sir Philip)_, a great fop, but brave soldier, like the
+famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but
+would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. "A
+butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector on the battle-field."
+He was a "blade of proof; you might laugh at the scabbard, but you
+wouldn't at the blade." He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his
+vanities, and marries.--S. Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841).
+
+BRILLIANT MADMAN _(The)_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).
+
+BRILLIANTA _(The lady)_, a great wit in the ancient romance entitled
+_Tirante le Blanc_, author unknown.
+
+Here (in _Tirante le Blanc_) we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie
+Elyson of Montalban, his brother Thomas, the knight Fonseca ... the
+stratagems of the widow Tranquil ... and the witticisms of
+lady Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever
+written.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).
+
+BRIS _(Il conte di San)_, governor of the Louvre. He is father of
+Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre.--Meyerbeer,
+_Les Huguenots_ (1836).
+
+BRISAC' _(Justice)_, brother of Miramont.
+
+_Charles Brisac_, a scholar, son of justice Brisac.
+
+_Eustace Brisac_, a courtier, brother of Charles.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637).
+
+BRISE'IS _(3 syl.)_, whose real name was Hippodamï'a, was the daughter
+of Brisês, brother of the priest Chrysês. She was the concubine of
+Achillês, but when Achillês bullied Agamemnon for not giving Chryse'is
+to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned upon
+him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis
+instead.--Homer, _Iliad_, i.
+
+BRISK, a good-natured conceited coxcomb, with a most voluble tongue.
+Fond of saying "good things," and pointing them out with such
+expressions as "There I had you, eh?" "That was pretty well, egad,
+eh?" "I hit you in the teeth there, egad!" His ordinary oath was "Let
+me perish!" He makes love to lady Froth.--W. Congreve, _The Double
+Dealer_ (1694).
+
+BRIS'KIE (2 _syl_.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain in
+the Moscovite army, and brother of general Archas "the loyal subject"
+of the great-duke of Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal
+Subject_ (1618).
+
+BRIS'SOTIN, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an advanced
+revolutionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the
+Girondists, and the word dropped out of use.
+
+BRISTOL BOY (_The_), Thomas Chatterton, the poet, born at Bristol.
+Also called "The Marvellous Boy." Byron calls him "The wondrous boy
+who perished in his pride" (1752-1770).
+
+BRITAN'NIA. The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by
+the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance
+thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less
+poetically expressed by "An old witch on a broomstick."
+
+The effigy of Britannia on British copper coin dates from the reign
+of Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by
+Evelyn. It is meant for one of the king's court favorites, some say
+Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara
+Villiers, duchess of Cleveland.
+
+BRITISH HISTORY of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a Welsh
+Chronicle. It is in nine books, and contains a "history" of the
+Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan Æneas to the
+death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey was first
+archdeacon of Monmouth and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general
+outline of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three
+centuries previously. Geoffrey's _Chronicle_, published about 1143,
+formed a basis for many subsequent historical works. A compendium by
+Diceto is published in Gale's _Chronicles_.
+
+BRIT'OMART, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter and
+heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book
+of the _Faëry Queen_. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass,
+given by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell
+in love with him. Her nurse Glaucê (2 _syl_.) tried by charms "to undo
+her love," but love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can
+remove. Finding her "charms" ineffectual, she took her to Merlin's
+cave in Caermarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother
+of a line of kings (_the Tudors_), and after twice 400 years one of
+her offspring, "a royal virgin," would shake the power of Spain.
+Glaucê now suggested that they should start in quest of sir Artegal,
+and Britomart donned the armor of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which
+she found in her father's armory, and taking a magic spear which
+"nothing could resist," she sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize
+the triumph of chastity over impurity: Thus in Castle Joyous,
+Malacasta _(lust)_, not knowing her sex, tried to seduce her, "but she
+flees youthful lust, which wars against the soul." She next overthrew
+Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then made her appearance as the Squire of
+Dames. Her last achievement was the deliverance of Am'oret _(wifely
+love)_ from the enchanter Busirane. Her marriage is deferred to bk. v.
+6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who "shares away the ventail of
+her helmet with his sword," and was about to strike again when he
+became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she must be a goddess.
+She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once recognized him,
+consented "to be his love, and to take him for her lord."--Spenser,
+_Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+She charmed at once and tamed the heart, Incomparable Britomart.
+
+Sir W. Scott.
+
+BRITON _(Colonel)_, a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump
+from a window in order to escape from a marriage she dislikes. The
+colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her
+friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante,
+supposing Violante to be the object of his visits, becomes jealous,
+till at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is
+the result.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Wonder_ (1714).
+
+BROB'DINGNAG, a country of enormous giants, to whom Gulliver was a
+tiny dwarf. They were as tall "as an ordinary church steeple," and all
+their surroundings were in proportion.
+
+Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husband must come from
+Brobdingnag. Kane O'Hara, _Midas_.
+
+BROCK _(Adam)_, in _Charles XII._, an historical drama by J. E.
+Planché.
+
+BROKEN-GIRTH-FLOW (_Laird of_), one of the Jacobite conspirators in
+_The Black Dwarf_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).
+
+BROKER OF THE EMPIRE (_The_). Dari´us, son of Hystaspês, was so called
+by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of his
+empire.
+
+BRO´MIA, wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of
+Alcme´na. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat
+subjection. She is not one of the characters in Molière's comedy of
+_Amphitryon_.--Dryden, _Amphitryon_ (1690).
+
+BROMTON'S CHRONICLE (time, Edward III.), that is, "The Chronicle of
+John Bromton" printed among the _Decem Scriptores_, under the titles
+of "Chronicon Johannis Bromton," and "Joralanensis Historia a Johanne
+Bromton," abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the
+conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death
+of Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not
+_written_ by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was
+abbot.
+
+BRON´TES (2 _syl._), one of the Cyclops, hence a blacksmith generally.
+Called Bronteus (2 _syl._), by Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).
+
+  Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand,
+  The ponderous hammer falls from Brontês' hand.
+  _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (Hool's translation).
+
+BRONZELY (2 _syl._), a mere rake, whose vanity was to be thought "a
+general seducer."--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were, and Maids as
+they Are_ (1797).
+
+BRON´ZOMARTE (3 _syl._), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves.
+The word means a "mettlesome sorrel."--Smollett, _Sir Launcelot
+Greaves_ (1756).
+
+BROOK (_Master_), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff
+makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him
+every item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped
+Ford by being carried out in a buck-basket before his very
+face.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+BROOKE (_Dorothea_), calm, queenly heroine of _Middlemarch_, by George
+Eliot.
+
+BROO'KER, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of revenge,
+called him "Smike," and put him to school at Dotheboy's Hall,
+Yorkshire.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+BROOKS OF SHEFFIELD, name by which Murdstone alludes to David
+Copperfield in novel of that name.
+
+BROTHER JON'ATHAN. When Washington was in want of ammunition, he
+called a council of officers; but no practical suggestion being
+offered, he said, "We must consult brother Jonathan," meaning his
+excellency Jonathan Trumbull, the elder governor of the state of
+Connecticut. This was done, and the difficulty surmounted. "To consult
+brother Jonathan" then became a set phrase, and "Brother Jonathan"
+became the "John Bull" of the United States.--J. R. Bartlett,
+_Dictionary of Americanisms_.
+
+BROTHER SAM, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy based
+on a German drama, by John Oxenford, with additions and alterations by
+E. A. Sothern and T. B. Buckstone.--Supplied by T. B. Buckstone, Esq.
+
+BROWDIE (_John_), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff,
+brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is
+much, attached to Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda
+Price, a miller's daughter.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+BROWN (_Hablot_) illustrated some of Dickens's novels and took the
+pseudonym of "Phiz" (1812-).
+
+_Brown (Jonathan)_, landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here
+Frank Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_
+(time, George I.).
+
+_Brown (Mrs.)_, the widow of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs.
+Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to
+Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty,
+her only known vocation being to "strip children of their clothes,
+which she sold or pawned."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+_Brown (Mrs.)_, a "Mrs. John Bull," with all the practical sense,
+kind-heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a
+well-to-do but half-educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class.
+She passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about,
+taking with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is
+not English.--Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose].
+
+_Brown (Tom)_, hero of _Tom Brown's School-Days_ and _Tom Brown at
+Oxford_, by Thomas Hughes.
+
+_Brown (Vanbeest)_, lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy
+Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON, three Englishmen who travel together.
+Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in _Punch_. In them
+is held up to ridicule the _gaucherie_, the contracted notions, the
+vulgarity, the conceit, and the general snobbism of the middle-class
+English abroad.
+
+BROWN OF CALAVERAS, a dissipated blackleg and ne'er-do-weel, whose
+handsome wife, arriving unexpectedly from the East, retrieves his
+fortune and risks his honor by falling in love with another man, a
+brother-gambler.--Bret Harte, _Brown of Calaveras_ (1871).
+
+BROWN THE YOUNGER (_Thomas_), the _nom de plume_ of Thomas Moore in
+_The Two-Penny Post-Bag_, a series of witty and very popular satires
+on the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his
+boon companions. Also in _The Fudge Family in Paris_, and in _The
+Fudges in England_ (1835).
+
+BROWNE (_General_), pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for
+the night is the "tapestried chamber," where he sees the apparition of
+"the lady in the sacque," and next morning relates his adventure.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Tapestried Chamber_ (time, George III.).
+
+BROWNLOW, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist
+from his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of
+theft, although appearances were certainly against him, and he even
+takes the boy into his service.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BROWNS. _To astonish the Browns_, to do or say something regardless of
+the annoyance it may cause, or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy.
+Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or "country cousins," who were
+welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, however, was
+quick to see what was _gauche_, and did not scruple to reprove them
+for uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to "astonish
+the Browns."
+
+BROX´MOUTH (_John_), a neighbor of Happer the miller.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BRUCE (_Mr. Robert_), mate on a bark trading between Liverpool and St.
+John's, N.B., sees a man writing in the captain's cabin, a stranger
+who disappears after pencilling certain lines on the slate. These
+prove a providential warning by which the vessel escapes certain
+destruction. The story is told by Robert Dale Owen in _Footfalls on
+the Boundary of Another World_, and vouched for as authentic (1860).
+
+_Bruce (The)_, an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395).
+
+BRU´EL, the name of the goose in the tale of _Reynard the Fox_. The
+word means the "Little roarer" (1498).
+
+BRU´IN, the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the
+Fox_. Hence a bear in general.
+
+The word means "the brown one" (1498).
+
+_Bru´in_, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for
+one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for
+valor at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [_Joshua Gosling_, landlord
+of the bear-gardens at Southwark].--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 3.
+
+_Bruin_ (_Mrs._ and _Mr._), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob
+Jollup. Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with
+scant courtesy.--S. Foote, _The Mayor of Garratt_ (1763).
+
+BRULGRUD'DERY (_Dennis_), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush Heath.
+He calls himself "an Irish gintleman bred and born." He was "brought
+up to the church," _i.e._ to be a church beadle, but lost his place
+for snoring at sermon-time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart, and
+is honest in great matters, although in business he will palm off an
+old cock for a young capon.
+
+_Mrs. Brulgruddery_, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge,
+former landlord of the Red Cow. Unprincipled, self-willed,
+ill-tempered, and over-reaching. Money is the only thing that moves
+her, and when she has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service
+to the finest point.--G. Colman, jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BRUN'CHEVAL "the Bold," a paynim knight, who tilted with sir
+Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first
+encounter.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 4 (1596).
+
+BRUNEL'O, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole
+Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it.
+He also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he released
+Roge'ro from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says
+that Agramant gave the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting
+magic.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); and Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+"I," says Sancho, "slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had
+time enough to clap four stakes under the four corners of my pannel
+and to lead away the beast from under my legs without waking
+me."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 4 (1615).
+
+BRUNETTA, mother of Chery (who married his cousin Fairstar).--Comtesse
+D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar," 1682).
+
+_Brunetta_, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis
+procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse
+her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the
+same material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified
+that she went home and died.--_The Spectator_.
+
+BRUNHILD, queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her
+who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength: (1)
+hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. Günther king
+of Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried
+succeeded in winning the martial queen. _First_, hurling a spear that
+three men could scarcely lift: the queen hurled it towards Günther,
+but Siegfried, in his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing
+it to strike the queen and knock her down. _Next_, throwing a stone so
+huge that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it: Brunhild lifted
+it on high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again
+Siegfried helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond
+the stone. The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liegemen,
+"I am no longer your queen and mistress; henceforth are ye the
+liegemen of Günther" (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so
+obstreperous that the king again applied to Siegfried, who succeeded
+in depriving her of her ring and girdle, after which she became a very
+submissive wife.--_The Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+BRU´NO (_Bishop_), bishop of Herbipolita´num. Sailing one day on the
+Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel
+("the devouring-gulf"), near Grinon Castle, in Austria. Here the voice
+of a spirit clamored aloud, "Ho! ho! Bishop Bruno, whither art thou
+travelling? But go thy ways, bishop Bruno, for thou shalt travel with
+me tonight." At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter
+fell on his head and killed him. Southey has a ballad called _Bishop
+Bruno_, but it deviates from the original legend given by Heywood in
+several particulars: It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on
+his way to the emperor, who had invited him to dinner; next, at the
+beginning of dinner; and thirdly, when the guests had well feasted. At
+the last warning an ice-cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in
+the banquet hall.
+
+BRUSH, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his lordship
+calls he never hears unless he chooses; if his bell rings he never
+answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to all
+his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids
+he comes into contact with.--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine
+Marriage_ (1766).
+
+BRUTE (1 _syl_.), the first king of Britain (in mythical history). He
+was the son of Æneas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson
+of Æneas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted
+country) Troynovant (_New Troy_). The legend is this: An oracle
+declared that Brute should be the death of both his parents; his
+mother died in child-birth, and at the age of fifteen Brute shot his
+father accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he
+collected a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire.
+His wife was Innogen, daughter of Pandra'sus king of Greece. His tale
+is told at length in the _Chronicles_ of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the
+first song of Drayton's _Polyolbion_, and in Spenser's _Faëry Queen_,
+ii.
+
+_Brute (Sir John)_, a coarse, surly, ill-mannered brute, whose delight
+was to "provoke" his young wife, who he tells us "is a young lady, a
+fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her." In
+a drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to
+lady Brute; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a
+street row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his
+name, he gives it as "lady John Brute," and is dismissed.
+
+_Lady Brute_, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers
+indignities, and insulted morn, noon, and night by her surly, drunken
+husband. Lady Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover; but her
+intrigues are more mischievous than vicious.--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked
+Wife_ (1697).
+
+BRUTE GREEN-SHIELD, the successor of Ebranc king of Britain. The
+mythical line is: (1) Brute, great-great-grandson of Æneas; (2)
+Locrin, his son; (3) Guendolen, the widow of Locrin; (4) Ebranc; (5)
+Brute Green-Shield. Then follow in order Leil, Hudibras, Bladud, Leir
+[Shakespeare's "Lear"], etc.
+
+  ... of her courageous kings,
+  Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute
+  Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror, Brute.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+BRUTUS (_Lucius Junius_), first consul of Rome, who condemned his own
+two sons to death for joining a conspiracy to restore Tarquin to
+the throne, from which he had been banished. This subject has been
+dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H. Payne, under the title of
+_Brutus, or the_ _Fall of Tarquin_ (1820). Alfieri has an Italian
+tragedy on the same subject. In French we have the tragedies of
+Arnault (1792) and Ponsard (1843). (See LUCRETIA.)
+
+The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow
+theatre for his son's benefit. The play chosen was Payne's _Brutus_,
+in which the father took the part of "Brutus" and Charles Kean that
+of "Titus." The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic
+interview, till "Brutus" falls on the neck of "Titus," exclaiming in
+a burst of agony, "Embrace thy wretched father!" when the whole house
+broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispered in
+his son's ear, "Charlie, we are doing the trick."--W. C. Russell,
+_Representative Actors_, p. 476.
+
+_Junius Brutus_. So James Lynch Fitz-Stephen has been called, because
+(like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for
+murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be executed from the
+window of his own house in Galway (1493).
+
+_The Spanish Brutus_, Alfonso Perez de Gruzman, governor of Tarifa in
+1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted
+against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his
+power threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman
+replied, "Sooner than be guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a
+dagger to slay my son;" and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall.
+Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man there
+and then (1258-1309).
+
+_Brutus (Marcus)_, said to be the son of Julius Cæsar by Servilia.
+
+  Brutus' bastard hand
+  Stabb'd Julius Cæsar.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act iv. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+This Brutus is introduced by Shakespeare in his tragedy of _Julius
+Cæsar_, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot.
+He loved Cæsar much, but he loved Rome more.
+
+_Brutus. Et tu, Brute_. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius,
+puts these words into the mouth of Cæsar when Brutus stabbed him.
+Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probably he had seen _The
+True Tragedy of Richard duke of York_ (1600), where these words occur;
+but even before that date H. Stephens had said:
+
+Jule Cesar, quand il vit que Brutus aussi estoit de ceux qui luy
+tirient des coups d'espee, luy dit, _Kai sy tecnon_? c'est à dire....
+Et toy mon fils, en es tu aussi.--_Deux Dial. du Noveau Lang. Franc_
+(1583).
+
+BRUTUS AND CICERO. Cicero says: [Latin: "Cæsare interfecto, statim,
+cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem _Ciceronem_ nominatim
+exclamavit, atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus."]--_Philipp_.
+ii. 12.
+
+When Brutus rose, Refulgent from the stroke of Cæsar's fate,... [_he_]
+called aloud On Tully's name, and shook his crimson steel, And bade
+the "father of his country" hail.
+
+Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, i.
+
+BRY'DONE (_Elspeth_), or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning,
+of the Tower of Glendearg.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+BUBAS'TIS, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter of
+Isis and sister of Horus.
+
+BUBENBURG (_Sir Adrian de_), a veteran knight of Berne.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BUCCA, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the
+ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell shipwreck.
+
+BUCEN'TAUR, the Venetian state galley used by the doge when he went
+"to wed the Adriatic." In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man
+and half ox.
+
+BUCEPH'ALOS ("_bull-headed_"), the name of Alexander's horse, which
+cost £3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was thirty years
+old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its
+memory.
+
+_The Persian Bucephalos_, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes
+Parviz.
+
+BUCK CHEEVER, mountaineer and "moonshiner" in Charles Egbert
+Craddock's _In the Stranger People's Country_.
+
+He had been a brave soldier, although the flavor of bushwhacking clung
+to his war record; he was a fast friend and a generous foe; what
+one hand got by hook or by crook--chiefly, it is to be feared, by
+crook--the other made haste to give away (1890).
+
+BUCK FANSHAWE, a popular Californian in the days when Lynch Law was in
+vogue in mining districts. He dies, and his partner seeks a clergyman
+to arrange for the funeral, which "the fellows" have determined shall
+be the finest ever held in the region. The divine questions in his
+professional vein and the miner answers in _his_, each sorely puzzled
+to interpret the meaning of his companion.
+
+  "Was he a--ah--peaceable man?"
+
+  "Peaceable! he jest _would_ have peace, ef he
+  had to lick every darned galoot in the valley to
+  git it."--Mark Twain, _Buck Fanshawe's Funeral_,
+  (1872).
+
+BUCK GRANGERFORD, a spirited son of the Grangerford clan, who pays
+with his life for fealty to family and feud.--Mark Twain [Samuel
+Langhorne Clemens], _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_ (1885).
+
+BUCK'ET (_Mr._), a shrewd detective officer who cleverly discovers
+that Hortense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the
+murderer of Mr. Tulkinghorn, and not lady Dedlock, who was charged
+with the deed by Hortense.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+BUCKINGHAM (_George Villiers, duke of_). There were two dukes of
+this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and
+political unscrupulousness. The first (1592-1628) was the favorite
+of James I., nicknamed "Steenie" by that monarch from his personal
+beauty, "Steenie" being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at
+martyrdom was "as the face of an angel." He was assassinated by
+Fenton. Sir Walter Scott introduces him in _The Fortunes of Nigel_,
+and his son in _Peveril of the Peak_. The son (1627-1688) also appears
+under the name of "Zimri" (q.v.) in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+He was the author of _The Rehearsal_, a drama upon which Sheridan
+founded his _Critic_, and of other works, but is principally
+remembered as the profligate favorite of Charles II. He was a member
+of the famous "CABAL" (q.v.), and closed a career of great splendor
+and wickedness in the most abject poverty.
+
+_Buckingham_ (_Henry de Stafford, duke of_) was a favorite of Richard
+III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and
+was beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the
+realms of Pluto, and whose "complaynt" is given in the prologue to _A
+Mirrour for Magistraytes_ (1587). He also appears in Shakespeare's
+_Richard III._ His son in _Henry VIII._
+
+_Buckingham_ (_Mary duchess of_), introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BUCKLAW (_The laird of_), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name
+was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain;
+but her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniary views, promises her
+in marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles
+Edgar suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their
+love-tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird; but on the wedding
+night the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal
+chamber, and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies
+in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BUCKTHORNE, a conspicuous figure in _Tales of a Traveller_, by
+Washington Irving. He is gentleman student, dancing buffoon, lover,
+poet, and author by turns, and nothing long unless it be a royally
+good fellow (1824).
+
+BUFFOON (_The Pulpit_). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale
+(1599-1660).
+
+BUG JARGAL, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but
+tempering the wildest passion with the deepest respect.--Victor Hugo,
+_Bug Jargal_ (a novel).
+
+BULBUL, an Oriental name for a nightingale. When, in _The Princess_
+(by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two
+friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was
+admitted, he sings; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to
+him, "Not for thee, O bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her
+veil," i.e., "O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken
+in by such a flimsy deceit." The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan
+means the "garden of roses." The prince was the bulbul, the college
+was Gulistan, and the princess the rose sought.--Tennyson, _The
+Princess_, iv.
+
+BULBUL-HE'ZAR, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all
+the song-birds in the neighborhood. (See TALKING BIRD.)--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the last story).
+
+BULIS, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a criminal
+love for Timandra, the mother of Neoph'ron, and Neophron was guilty of
+a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and Neophron
+into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a
+sparrow-hawk.--_Classic Mythology_.
+
+BULL (_John_), the English nation personified, and hence any typical
+Englishman.
+
+_Mrs. Bull_, queen Anne, "very apt to be choleric." On hearing that
+Philip Baboon (_Philippe duc d'Anjou_) was to succeed to lord Strutt's
+estates (_i.e. the Spanish throne_), she said to John Bull:
+
+  "You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns,
+  spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or
+  puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous
+  family. Don't you hear how lord Strutt
+  [_the king of Spain_] has bespoke his liveries at
+  Lewis Baboon's shop [_France_]?... Fie upon it!
+  Up, man!... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so
+  used."--Chap. iv.
+
+_John Bull's Mother_, the Church of England.
+
+_John Bull's Sister Peg_, the Scotch, in love with Jack (_Calvin_).
+
+  John had a sister, a poor girl that had been
+  reared ... on oatmeal and water ... and lodged
+  in a garret exposed to the north wind.... However,
+  this usage ... gave her a hardy constitution....
+  Peg had, indeed, some odd humors and
+  comical antipathies,... she would faint at the
+  sound of an organ, and yet dance and frisk at
+  the noise of a bagpipe.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History
+  of John Bull_, ii. 2 (1712).
+
+BULLAMY, porter of the "Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life
+Insurance Company." An imposing personage, whose dignity resided
+chiefly in the great expanse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and
+well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment.--C. Dickens, _Martin
+Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BULLCALF (_Peter_), of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in
+the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph "four Harry
+ten-shillings in French crowns" if he would stand his friend, and when
+sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, "I will have none
+of you." Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, "Will
+you tell me, master Shallow, how to choose a man? Care I for the
+limb, the thews, the stature?... Give me the spirit, master
+Shallow."--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act iii. sc. 2 (1598).
+
+BULL-DOGS, the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him in
+his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating
+the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner
+without cap and gown, etc.
+
+BULLET-HEAD (_The Great_), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouans
+(1769-1804).
+
+BULL´SEGG (_Mr._), laird of Killancureit, a friend of the baron of
+Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BULMER (_Valentine_), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara
+Mowbray.
+
+_Mrs. Ann Bulmer_, mother of Valentine, married to the earl of
+Etherington during the life-time of his countess; hence his wife in
+bigamy.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BUM´BLE, beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born and
+brought up. A stout, consequential, hard-hearted, fussy official, with
+mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the
+language the word _bumbledom_, the officious arrogance and bumptious
+conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage the
+high-and-mighty beadle was sadly henpecked and reduced to a Jerry
+Sneak.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BUM'KINET, a shepherd. He proposes to Grub'binol that they should
+repair to a certain hut and sing "Gillian of Croydon," "Patient
+Grissel," "Cast away Care," "Over the Hills," and so on; but being
+told that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins
+him.
+
+  Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain,
+  Till bonny Susan sped across the plain;
+  They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed,
+  And to the ale-house forced the willing maid;
+  In ale and kisses they forgot their cares,
+  And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs.
+
+Gay, _Pastoral_, v. (1714).
+
+(An imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. v. "Daphnis.")
+
+BUMPER (_Sir Harry_), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He sings
+the popular song, beginning--
+
+  Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen,
+  Here's to the widow of fifty, etc.
+
+Sheridan, _School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+BUMPPO (_Natty_), the Leather Stocking of Cooper's _Pioneers_;
+Hawk-Eye of _The Last of the Mohicans_; the Deer Slayer and the
+Pathfinder of the novels of those names; and the trapper of _The
+Prairie_, in which his death is recorded. A white man who has lived
+so long with Indians as to surpass them in skill and cunning, retains
+native nobility of character, and in his countenance "an open honesty
+and total absence of guile" that inspires trust.
+
+BUNCE (_Jack_), _alias_ Frederick Altamont, a _ci-devant_ actor, one
+of the crew of the pirate vessel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+BUNCH (_Mother_), an alewife, mentioned by Dekker in his drama called
+_Satiromastix_ (1602). In 1604 was published _Pasquil's Jests, mixed
+with Mother Bunch's Merriments_.
+
+There is a series of "Fairy Tales" called _Mother Bunch's Fairy
+Tales_.
+
+_Bunch (Mother)_, the supposed possessor of a "cabinet broken open"
+and revealing "rare secrets of Art and Nature," such as love-spells
+(1760).
+
+BUN'CLE, messenger to the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid
+of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Bun'cle (John)_, a prodigious hand at matrimony, divinity, a song,
+and a glass. He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of
+their age. For two or three days after the death of a wife he was
+inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired
+by marrying again.--Thos. Amory, _The Life, etc., of John Buncle,
+Esq._
+
+BUNDLE, the gardener, father of Wilelmi'na and friend of Tom Tug the
+waterman. He is a plain, honest man, but greatly in awe of his wife,
+who nags him from morning till night.
+
+_Mrs. Bundle_, a vulgar Mrs. Malaprop, and a termagant. "Everything
+must be her way or there's no getting any peace." She greatly
+frequents the minor theatres, and acquires notions of sentimental
+romance.
+
+BUN'GAY (_Friar_), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green,
+entitled _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_. Both the friars are
+conjurors, and the piece concludes with one of their pupils being
+carried off to the infernal regions on the back of one of friar
+Bacon's demons (1591).
+
+_Bungay_, publisher in _History of Pendennis_, by W.M. Thackeray.
+
+BUNGEY (_Friar_), personification of the charlatan of science in the
+fifteenth century.
+
+[Illustration] In _The Last of the Barons_, by lord Lytton, friar
+Bungey is an historical character, and is said to have "raised mists
+and vapors," which befriended Edward IV, at the battle of Barnet.
+
+BUNS'BY (_Captain John_ or _Jade_), owner of the _Cautious Clara_.
+Captain Cuttle considered him "a philosopher, and quite an oracle."
+Captain Bunsby had one "stationary and one revolving eye," a very red
+face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs.
+MacStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into
+marrying her.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BUNTING, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his dress.
+
+BUR (_John_), the servant of Job Thornberry, the brazier of Penzance.
+Brusque in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his master,
+by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his master's
+"books" for twenty-two years with the utmost fidelity.--G.R. Colman,
+Jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BUR'BON (_i.e. Henri IV. of France_). He is betrothed to Fordelis
+_(France)_, who has been enticed from him by Grantorto (_rebellion_).
+Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried
+off by "hell-rake hounds." The rabble batter Burbon's shield
+(_protestantism_), and compel him to throw it away. Sir Ar´tegal
+(_right_ or _justice_) rescues the "recreant knight" from the mob, but
+blames him for his unknightly folly in throwing away his shield
+(of faith). Talus (_the executive_) beats off the hellhounds, gets
+possession of the lady, and though she flouts Burbon, he catches her
+up upon his steed and rides off with her.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v.
+2 (1596).
+
+BURCHELL (_Mr._), _alias_ sir William Thornhill, about thirty years
+of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield, loses £1400, Mr.
+Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor
+offers him his purse. He turns his back on the two flash ladies who
+talked of their high-life doings, and cried "Fudge!" after all their
+boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescues Sophia Primrose, and
+ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_ (1765).
+
+BURGUNDY (_Charles the Bold, duke of_) introduced by sir W. Scott
+in _Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_. The latter novel
+contains the duke's defeat at Nancy´, and his death (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+BU´RIDAN'S ASS. A man of indecision is so called from the hypothetical
+ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Buridan maintained that "if an ass
+could be placed between two hay-stacks in such a way that its choice
+was evenly balanced between them, it would starve to death, for there
+would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the other."
+
+BURLEIGH (_William Cecil, lord_), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth
+(1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his historical novel called
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+He is one the principal characters in _The Earl of Essex_, a tragedy
+by Henry Jones (1745).
+
+_Burleigh (Lord)_, a parliamentary leader in _The Legend of Montrose_,
+a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charles I.).
+
+_A lord Burleigh shake of the head_, a great deal meant by a look or
+movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of
+the "Spanish Armada," introduces lord Burleigh, "who has the affairs
+of the whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk;" but his
+lordship comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far
+more than words could utter. Puff says:
+
+  Why, by that shake of the head he gave you
+  to understand that even though they had more
+  justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures,
+  yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown
+  on the part of the people, the country would at
+  last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the
+  Spanish monarchy.
+
+  _Sneer_. Did he mean all that by shaking his
+  head?
+
+  _Puff_. Every word of it.--Sheridan, _The Critic_,
+  ii. 1 (1779).
+
+The original "lord Burleigh" was Irish Moody (1728-1813).--_Cornhill
+Magazine_ (1867).
+
+BURLESQUE POETRY (_Father of_), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).
+
+BURLONG, a giant whose legs sir Try'amour cut off.--_Romance of Sir
+Tryamour_.
+
+BURNBILL, Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin and lord justice of
+Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently
+_burnt_ all the "bills" or instruments by which the tenants of the
+archbishopric held their estates.
+
+BURNS OF FRANCE (_The_), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis Philippe
+presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of Orléans an
+emerald ring.
+
+BUR'RIS, an honest lord, favorite of the great-duke of
+Muscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).
+
+BURROUGHS (_George_), a Salem citizen whose trial for witchcraft
+is recorded by Rev. Cotton Mather. The counts are many, and in the
+opinion of the court are proven, George Burroughs being condemned to
+die. In the story of his crimes set down by Dr. Mather, the climax
+would seem to be a paper handed by the accused to the jury, "wherein
+he goes to evince 'That there neither are, nor ever were, witches
+that, having made a compact with the devil, can send a devil to
+torment other people at a distance.'"
+
+"When he came to die, he utterly denied the fact whereof he had been
+convicted."--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_
+(1693).
+
+BU'SIRANE (3 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist to a
+brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic characters
+with the dropping blood, "all for to make her love him." When
+Brit'omart approached, the enchanter started up, and, running to
+Amoret, was about to plunge a knife into her heart; but Britomart
+intercepted the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him
+to "reverse his charms," and then bound him fast with his own
+chain.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 11, 12 (1590).
+
+BUSI'RIS, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long drought
+of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were mollified
+by human sacrifice. "So be it," said the king, and ordered the man
+himself to be offered as the victim.--_Herod_, ii. 59-61.
+
+  'Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry;
+  Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply.
+
+  A foreigner at length informed the king
+  That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring.
+  The king replied, "On thee the lot shall fall;
+  Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all."
+
+Ovid, _Art of Love_, i.
+
+_Busi'ris_, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red
+Sea.
+
+  Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew
+  Busiris and his Memphian chivalry.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 306 (1665).
+
+BUS'NE (2 _syl._). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to their
+race.
+
+The gold of the Busnê; give me her gold. Longfellow, _The Spanish
+Student_.
+
+BUSQUEUE (_Lord_), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit known
+as "lord Busqueue _v._ lord Suckfist," in which the parties concerned
+pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and spoke
+so learnedly and at such length, that no one understood one word about
+the matter; then lord Suckfist replied, and the bench declared "We
+have not understood one iota of the defence." Pantag'ruel, however,
+gave judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had
+got the verdict, both were fully satisfied, "a thing without parallel
+in all the annals of the court."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+BUSY BODY (_The_), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis
+Gripe (guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles), a man
+sixty-five years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her
+money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of
+twenty-four. She pretends to love "Gardy," and dupes him into yielding
+up her money, and giving his consent to her marriage with "the man of
+her choice," believing himself to be the person. Charles is in love
+with Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up
+his mind that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto,
+expected to arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume,
+passes himself off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of
+his choice; so both the old men are duped, and all the young people
+wed according to their wishes.
+
+BUTCHER (_The_), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of
+his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napoleon I.
+
+John ninth lord Clifford, called "The Black Clifford" (died 1461).
+
+Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407).
+
+_Butcher (The Bloody_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of Gleorge
+II.; so called for his great barbarities in suppressing the rebellion
+of Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765).
+
+BUTCHER OF ENGLAND, John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great
+learning and a patron of learning (died 1470).
+
+On one occasion in the reign of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a
+squire to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be
+impaled.--Stow, _Warkworth Chronicle_ ("Cont. Croyl.")
+
+Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man impaled forty
+Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children
+of the Irish chief Desmond, and acquired the nickname of "The Butcher
+of England."--_Old and New London_, ii. 21.
+
+BUTLER (_Reuben_), a presbyterian minister, married to Jeanie Deans.
+
+_Benjamin Butler_, father of Reuben.
+
+_Stephen Butler_, generally called "Bible Butler," grandfather of
+Reuben and father of Benjamin.
+
+_Widow Judith Butler_, Reuben's grandmother and Stephen's wife.
+
+_Euphemia_ or _Femie Butler_, Reuben's daughter.
+
+_David_ and _Reuben Butler_, Reuben's sons.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Butler (The Rev. Mr.)_, military chaplain at Madras.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+BUTTERCUP (_John_), a milkman.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock
+Frock_.
+
+_Buttercup (Little_), Bumboat woman, who in her youth, took to
+baby-farming, and "mixed those babies up," _i.e._ Ralph Rackstraw and
+the Captain of the _Pinafore_.--W.S. Gilbert, _Pinafore_ (1877).
+
+BUXO´MA, a shepherdess with whom Cuddy is in love.
+
+  My Brown Buxoma is the featest maid
+  That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played ...
+  And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray,
+  Dance like Buxoma on the first of May.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+BUZ´FUZ (_Sergeant_), the pleader retained by Dodson and Fogg for the
+plaintiff in the celebrated case of "Bardell _v._ Pickwick." Sergeant
+Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved that
+Mr. Pickwick's note about "chops and tomato sauce" was a declaration
+of love; and that his reminder "not to forget the warming-pan" was
+only a flimsy cover to express the ardor of his affection. Of course
+the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened jury. (His junior
+was Skimpin.)--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BUZ'ZARD (_The_), in _The Hind and the Panther_, by Dryden (pt. iii.),
+is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty (1643-1715).
+
+BYCORN, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but
+this is no wonder, for its food was "good and enduring husbands," of
+which there is good store, (See CHICHI-VACHE.)
+
+BYRON (_Miss Harriet_), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high
+rank, devotedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she
+marries.--Richardson, _Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753).
+
+_Byron (The Polish)_, Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855).
+
+_Byron (The Russian_), Alexander Sergeivitch Puschkin (1799-1837).
+
+BYRON AND MARY. The Mary of Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both Miss
+Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth married
+John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Anna Isabella Milbanke: both
+were equally unhappy.
+
+  I have a passion for the name of "Mary,"
+  For once it was a magic name to me.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 4 (1820).
+
+BYRON AND TERESA GUICCIOLI. This lady was the wife of count Guiccioli,
+an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron "never loved but
+once, till he loved Teresa."
+
+BYRON AND THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who
+wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+(in _Notes and Queries_), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker.
+
+CACAFO'GO, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a
+coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every
+one.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640).
+
+CACUR'GUS, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is
+a rustic simpleton and cunning mischief-maker.--Thomas Rychardes,
+_Misogonus_ (the third English comedy, 1560).
+
+CA'CUS, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 _syl_.).
+When Herculês came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from
+Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the
+animals by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they
+had come _out_ of it.
+
+If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were introduced
+by him on purpose to confuse like Caeus, the traces of his
+retreat.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+CAD, a low-born, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier of a
+sedan-chair.
+
+All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan-chairs were
+discontinued, the old cadies sank into ruinous poverty, and became
+synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James
+Hannay, who frequently used it.--M. Pringle.
+
+[Illustration] M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey.
+
+CADE (_Jack_), Irish insurgent in reign of Henry VII. Assuming the
+name of Mortimer, he led a company of rebels from Kent, defeated the
+king's army, and entered London. His short-lived triumph was ended by
+his death at Lewes. He appears in _Henry VI._ by Shakespeare.
+
+CADE´NUS (3 _syl._) dean Swift. The word is simply _de-ca-nus_ ("a
+dean"), with the first two syllables transposed (_ca-de-nus_). Vanessa
+is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with Swift,
+and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem entitled
+_Cadenus and Vanessa_ [_i.e._ Van-Esther].
+
+CADUCEUS meant generally a herald's staff; as an emblem of a peaceful
+errand it was made of a branch of olive-wood with the twigs, which,
+later, were transformed to serpents. In this form it is associated
+with Mercury, the herald and messenger of the gods--that "beautiful
+golden rod with which he both puts men to sleep and wakens them from
+slumber." Homer, _Odyssey_, xxiv.
+
+CADUR´CI, the people of Aquita´nia.
+
+CAD´WAL. Arvir´agus, son of Cym´beline, was so called while he lived
+in the woods with Bela´rius, who called himself Morgan, and whom
+Cadwal supposed to be his father.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CADWALLADER, called by Bede (1 _syl._) Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king
+of Wales. Being compelled by pestilence and famine to leave Britain,
+he went to Armorica. After the plague ceased he went to Rome, where,
+in 689, he was baptized, and received the name of Peter, but died very
+soon afterwards.
+
+  Cadwallader that drave [_sailed_] to the Armoric shore.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).
+
+_Cadwallader_, the misanthrope in Smollett's _Peregrine Pickle_
+(1751).
+
+_Cadwallader_ (_Mrs_.), character in _Middle-march_, by George Eliot.
+
+CADWALL'ON, son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son
+accompanied prince Madoc to North America in the twelfth
+century.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+_Cadwal'lon_, the favorite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the
+service of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of
+Renault Vidal.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+CÆ'CIAS, the north-west wind. Argestês is the north-east, and Bo'reas
+the full north.
+
+  Boreas and Cæcias and Argestes loud
+  ...rend the woods, and seas upturn.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665).
+
+CÆLESTI'NA, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir
+Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her
+father, to save her honor, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison,
+but in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the
+bride recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her
+husband.--Th. Dekker, _Satiromastix_ (1602).
+
+CÆ'NEUS [_Se.nuce_] was born of the female sex, and was originally
+called Cænis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one
+day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex,
+converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather _him_) the gift
+of being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ithæ, Ceneus offended
+Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth
+converted into a yellow bird. Æneas found Ceneus in the infernal
+regions restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir
+John Davies:
+
+  And how was Caeneus made at first a man,
+  And then a woman, then a man again.
+  _Orchestra, etc_. (1615).
+
+CÆSAR (_Caius Julius_).
+
+  Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dictate
+  Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs....
+  Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village
+  Than be second in Rome; and I think he was right when he said it.
+  Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after;
+  Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered;
+  But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus.
+  Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, ii.
+
+Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that Cæsar "could
+employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to
+read, his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate." He is said to
+have conquered three hundred nations; to have taken eight hundred
+cities, to have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated
+three millions. (See below, CÆSAR'S WARS.)
+
+_Cæsar and his Fortune_. Plutarch says that Cæsar told the captain of
+the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for
+that he had "Cæsar and his fortune with him."
+
+  Now am I like that proud insulting ship,
+  Which Cæsar and his fortune bare at once.
+  Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 2 (1589).
+
+_Cæsar saves his Commentaries_. Once, when Julius Cæsar was in danger
+of being upset into the sea by the overloading of a boat, he swam
+to the nearest ship, with his book of _Commentaries_ in his
+hand.--Suetonius.
+
+_Cæsar's Death_. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius Cæsar
+was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, "I did enact
+Julius Cæsar; I was killed i' the capitol" (_Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 2).
+And Chaucer says:
+
+  This Julius to the capitolê wente ...
+  And in the capitole anon him hente
+  This falsê Brutus, and his other soon,
+  And sticked him with bodëkins anon.
+
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Monk's Tale," 1388).
+
+Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza;
+and in _Julius Cæsar_ Shakespeare says he fell "e'en at the base of
+Pompey's statue" (act iii. sc. 2).
+
+_Cæsar's Famous Despatch_, "Veni, vidi, vici," written to the senate
+to announce his overthrow of Pharnacês king of Pontus. This "hop,
+skip, and a jump" was, however, the work of three days.
+
+_Cæsar's Wars_. The carnage occasioned by the wars of Cæsar is usually
+estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought
+500 battles. See above, CÆSAR (_Caius Julius_).
+
+  What millions died that Cæsar might be great!
+
+Campbell. _The Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Cæsar_, the Mephistoph'elês of Byron's unfinished drama called _The
+Deformed Transformed_. This Cæsar changes Arnold (the hunchback) into
+the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the deformity and ugliness
+which Arnold casts off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be
+said is that Cæsar, in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitterness
+of spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistophelês
+(1821).
+
+_Cæsar (Don)_, an old man of sixty-three, the father of Olivia. In
+order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a
+girl of sixteen.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a Husband_ (1782).
+
+CAEL, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had
+colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the
+Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The
+two colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the
+Fir-bolg (or "lord of Atha"), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the
+king of Ulster (_i.e._ "chief of the Cael"), and a general war ensued
+between the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity,
+sent to Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over
+Con'ar, who was chosen "king of the Cael" immediately he landed in
+Ulster; and having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the
+title of "king of Ireland." The Fir-bolg, though conquered, often rose
+in rebellion, and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but
+never succeeded in so doing.--Ossian.
+
+CAGES FOR MEN. Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthenês
+chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him
+divine honors.
+
+Catherine II. of Eussia kept her perruquier for more than three years
+in an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that
+she wore a wig.--Mons. de Masson, _Mémoires Secrets sur la Russie_.
+
+Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing
+the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on
+one of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed
+to the rigor of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the
+sisters of Bruce was similarly dealt with.
+
+Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for ten
+years in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [_Losh_].
+
+Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him
+a public show. So says D'Herbelot.
+
+  An iron cage was made by Timour's command,
+  composed on every side of iron gratings, through
+  which the captive sultan [Bajazet] could be seen
+  in any direction. He travelled in this den slung
+  between two horses.--Leunclavius.
+
+CAGLIOS´TRO (_Count de_), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo
+(1743-1795).
+
+CAIN AND ABEL are called in the _Korân_ "Kâbil and Hâbil." The
+tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel
+to marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more
+beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered
+"No" by rejecting Cain's sacrifice.
+
+The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead
+body of Abel till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to
+bury a dead bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under
+ground.--Sale's _Koran_, v. (notes).
+
+CAIR´BAR, son of Borbar-Duthul, "lord of Atha" (Connaught), the most
+potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against
+Cormac "king of Ireland," murdered him (_Temora_, i.), and usurped
+the throne; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to
+Ireland with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar
+invited Oscar (Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the
+invitation, but Cairbar having provoked a quarrel with his guest, the
+two fought, and both were slain.
+
+  "Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark
+  and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor
+  ... but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble
+  hand in fight. The light of my bosom is stained
+  by thy deeds."--Ossian, _Temora_, i.
+
+CAIR´BRE (_2 syl._), sometimes called Cair´bar, third king of Ireland,
+of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cairbar, "lord of Atha," a
+Fir-bolg, quite a different person.)
+
+The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first "king of Ireland;" (2)
+Cormac I., his son; (3) Cairbre, his son; (4) Artho, his son; (5)
+Cormac II., his son; (6) Ferad-Artho, his cousin.--Ossian.
+
+CAI´US (2 _syl._), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he
+attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Re´gan refused to entertain
+their aged father with his suite.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+_Cai´us_ (_Dr._), a French physician, whose servants are Rugby and
+Mrs. Quickly.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+  The clipped English of Dr. Cains.--Macau lay.
+
+CALANDRI´NO, a character in the _Decameron_, whose "misfortunes have
+made all Europe merry for four centuries."--Boccaccio, _Decameron_,
+viii. 9 (1350).
+
+CALAN´THA, princess of Sparta, loved by Ith´oclês. Ithoclês induces
+his sister, Penthe´a, to break the matter to the princess. This she
+does; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents
+to the union. During a grand court ceremony Calantha is informed of
+the sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea
+had starved herself to death from hatred to Bass´anês, and a third
+follows to tell her that Ithoclês, her betrothed husband, has been
+murdered. Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the
+dance even to the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is
+the ceremony over than she can support the strain no longer, and,
+broken-hearted, she falls dead.--John Ford, _The Broken Heart_ (1633).
+
+CALAN'THE (3 _syl._), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the
+Syracusian.--J. Banim, _Damon and Pythias_ (1825).
+
+CAL'CULATOR (_The_). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called
+(died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also
+called "The Calculator" (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn,
+and a girl named Heywood (whose father was a Mile End weaver) all
+exhibited their calculating powers in public.
+
+Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by
+Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871).
+
+CAL'DERON (_Don Pedro_), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681). At
+the age of fifty-two he became an ecclesiastic, and composed religious
+poetry only. Altogether he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces.
+
+  Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart
+  All Cal'deron and greater part of Lopé.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 11 (1819).
+
+[Illustration] "Lope," that is Lopê de Vega, the Spanish poet
+(1562-1635).
+
+CALEB, the enchantress who carried off St. George in infancy.
+
+_Ca'leb_, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant
+for lord Grey of Wark, in Northumberland, an adherent of the duke of
+Monmouth.
+
+  And, therefore, in the name of dulness be
+  The well-hung Balaam and cold Caleb free.
+  Part i.
+
+[Illustration] "Balaam" is the earl of Huntingdon.
+
+CA'LED, commander-in-chief of the Arabs in the siege of Damascus. He
+is brave, fierce, and revengeful. War is his delight. When Pho'cyas,
+the Syrian, deserts Eu'menês, Caled asks him to point out the
+governor's tent; he refuses; they fight, and Caled falls.--John
+Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+CALEDO´NIANS, Gauls from France who colonized south Britain, whence
+they journeyed to Inverness and Ross. The word is compounded of two
+Celtic words, _Cael_ ("Gaul" or "Celt") and _don_ or _dun_ ("a hill"),
+so that Cael-don means "Celts of the highlands."
+
+  The Highlanders to this day call themselves
+  "_Cael_" and their language "_Caelic_" or "_Gaelic_"
+  and their country "_Caeldock_" which the Romans
+  softened into Caledonia.--_Dissertation on the
+  Poems of Ossian_.
+
+CA´LENDERS, a class of Mohammedans who abandoned father and mother,
+wife and children, relations and possessions, to wander through the
+world as religious devotees, living on the bounty of those whom they
+made their dupes.--D'Herbelot, _Supplement_, 204.
+
+  He diverted himself with the multitude of calenders,
+  santons, and dervises, who had travelled
+  from the heart of India, and halted on their way
+  with the emir.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+_The Three Calenders_, three royal princes, disguised as begging
+dervishes, each of whom had lost his right eye. Their adventures form
+three tales in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_.
+
+_Tale of the First Calender_. No names are given. This calender was
+the son of a king, and nephew of another king. While on a visit to his
+uncle his father died, and the vizier usurped the throne. When the
+prince returned, he was seized, and the usurper pulled out his right
+eye. The uncle died, and the usurping vizier made himself master of
+this kingdom also. So the hapless young prince assumed the garb of a
+calender, wandered to Baghdad, and being received into the house
+of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the caliph
+Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_.
+
+_Tale of the Second Calender._ No names given. This calender, like the
+first, was the son of a king. On his way to India he was attacked by
+robbers, and though he contrived to escape, he lost all his effects.
+In his flight he came to a large city, where he encountered a tailor,
+who gave him food and lodging. In order to earn a living, he turned
+woodman for the nonce, and accidentally discovered an underground
+palace, in which lived a beautiful lady, confined there by an evil
+genius. With a view of liberating her, he kicked down the talisman,
+when the genius appeared, killed the lady, and turned the prince into
+an ape. As an ape he was taken on board ship, and transported to a
+large commercial city, where his penmanship recommended him to the
+sultan, who made him his vizier. The sultan's daughter undertook to
+disenchant him and restore him to his proper form; but to accomplish
+this she had to fight with the malignant genius. She succeeded in
+killing the genius, and restoring the enchanted prince; but received
+such severe injuries in the struggle that she died, and a spark of
+fire which flew into the right eye of the prince destroyed it. The
+sultan was so heart-broken at the death of his only child, that he
+insisted on the prince quitting the kingdom without delay. So he
+assumed the garb of a calender, and being received into the hospitable
+house of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the
+caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_.
+
+_Tale of the Third Calender._ This tale is given under the word AGIB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "I am called Agib," he says, "and am the son
+  of a king whose name was Cassib."--_Arabian
+  Nights_.
+
+CALEPINE (_Sir_), the knight attached to Sere´na (canto 3). Seeing a
+bear carrying off a child, he attacked it, and squeezed it to death,
+then committed the babe to the care of Matilde, wife of sir Bruin. As
+Matilde had no child of her own, she adopted it (canto 4).--Spenser,
+_Faëry Queen_, vi. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] Upton says, "the child" in this incident is meant for
+M'Mahon, of Ireland, and that "Mac Mahon" means the "son of a bear."
+He furthermore says that the M'Mahons were descended from the
+Fitz-Ursulas, a noble English family.
+
+CA´LES (_2 syl._). So gipsies call themselves.
+
+  Beltran Cruzado, count of the Cales.
+  Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_.
+
+CALF-SKIN. Fools and jesters used to wear a calf-skin coat buttoned
+down the back, and hence Faulconbridge says insolently to the
+arch-duke of Austria, who had acted very basely towards Richard
+Lion-heart:
+
+  Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,
+  And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596).
+
+CAL´IANAX, a humorous old lord, father of Aspatia, the troth-plight
+wife of Amin´tor. It is the death of Aspatia which gives name to the
+drama.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+CALIBAN, a savage, deformed slave of Prospero (the rightful duke of
+Milan and father of Miranda). Caliban is the "freckled whelp" of
+the witch Syc´orax. Mrs. Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a sort of
+Caliban.--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_ (1609).
+
+  "Caliban" ... is all earth ... he has the
+  dawnings of understanding without reason or the
+  moral sense ... this advance to the intellectual
+  faculties without the moral sense is marked by
+  the appearance of vice.--Coleridge.
+
+CAL´IBURN, same as _Excalibur_, the famous sword of king Arthur.
+
+  Onward Arthur paced, with hand
+  On Caliburn's resistless brand.
+  Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_ (1813).
+
+  Arthur ... drew out his Caliburn, and ...
+  rushed forward with great fury into the thickest
+  of the enemy's ranks ... nor did he give over
+  the fury of his assault till he had, with his Caliburn,
+  killed 470 men.--Geoffrey, _British History_,
+  ix. 4 (1142).
+
+CAL´IDORE (_Sir_), the type of courtesy, and the hero of the sixth
+book of Spenser's _Faëry Queen_. The model of this character was sir
+Philip Sidney. Sir Calidore (3 _syl._) starts in quest of the Blatant
+Beast, which had escaped from sir Artegal (bk. v. 12). He first
+compels the lady Bria´na to discontinue her discourteous toll of "the
+locks of ladies and the beards of knights" (canto 1). Sir Calidore
+falls in love with Pastorella, a shepherdess, dresses like a shepherd,
+and assists his lady-love in keeping sheep. Pastorella being taken
+captive by brigands, sir Calidore rescues her, and leaves her at
+Belgard Castle to be taken care of, while he goes in quest of the
+Blatant Beast. He finds the monster after a time, by the havoc it had
+made with religious houses, and after an obstinate fight succeeds in
+muzzling it, and dragging it in chains after him, but it got loose
+again, as it did before (canto 12).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, vi.
+(1596).
+
+  Sir Gawain was the "Calidore" of the Round
+  Table.--Southey.
+
+[Illustration] "Pastorella" is Frances Walsingham (daughter of sir
+Francis), whom sir Philip Sidney married. After the death of sir
+Philip she married the earl of Essex. The "Blatant Beast" is what we
+now call "Mrs. Grundy."
+
+CALIG´ORANT, an Egyptian giant and cannibal, who used to entrap
+travellers with an invisible net. It was the very same net that Vulcan
+made to catch Mars and Venus with. Mercury stole it for the purpose of
+entrapping Chloris, and left it in the temple of Anu´bis, whence it
+was stolen by Caligorant. One day Astolpho, by a blast of his magic
+horn, so frightened the giant that he got entangled in his own net,
+and being made captive was despoiled of it.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+CALI´NO, a famous French utterer of bulls.
+
+CALIP´OLIS, in _The Battle of Alcazar_, a drama by George Peele
+(1582). Pistol says to Mistress Quickly:
+
+  "Then feed and be fat, my fair Calipolis."--
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act ii. sc 4 (1598).
+
+CAL´IS (_The princess_), sister of As´torax, king of Paphos, in
+love with Polydore, brother of general Memnon, but loved greatly by
+Siphax.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+CALIS´TA, the fierce and haughty daughter of Sciol´to (_3 syl._), a
+proud Genoese nobleman. She yielded to the seduction of Lotha´rio, but
+engaged to marry Al´tamont, a young lord who loved her dearly. On the
+wedding-day a letter was picked up which proved her guilt, and she was
+subsequently seen by Altamont conversing with Lothario. A duel
+ensued, in which Lothario fell; in a street row Sciolto received his
+death-wound, and Calista stabbed herself. The character of "Calista"
+was one of the parts of Mrs. Siddons, and also of Miss Brunton.--N.
+Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703).
+
+Richardson has given a purity and sanctity to the sorrows of his
+"Clarissa" which leave "Calista" immeasurably behind.--R. Chambers,
+_English Literature_, i. 590.
+
+Twelve years after Norris's death, Mrs. Barry was acting the character
+of "Calista." In the last act, where "Calista" lays her hand upon a
+skull, she [_Mrs. Barry_] was suddenly seized with a shuddering, and
+fainted. Next day she asked whence the skull had been obtained, and
+was told it was "the skull of Mr. Norris, an actor." This Norris was
+her former husband, and so great was the shock that she died within
+six weeks.--Oxberry.
+
+CALIS'TO AND AR'CAS. Calisto, an Arcadian nymph, was changed into a
+she-bear. Her son Arcas, supposing the bear to be an ordinary beast,
+was about to shoot it, when Jupiter metamorphosed him into a he-bear.
+Both were taken to heaven by Jupiter, and became the constellations
+_Ursa Minor_ and _Ursa Major_.
+
+CALL'AGHAN O'BRALL'AGHAN (_Sir_), "a wild Irish soldier in the
+Prussian army. His military humor makes one fancy he was not only
+born in a siege, but that Bellona had been his nurse, Mars his
+schoolmaster, and the Furies his playfellows" (act i. 1). He is the
+successful suitor of Charlotte Goodchild.--C. Macklin, _Love à la
+mode_ (1779).
+
+CALLET, a _fille publique_. Brantôme says a _calle_ or _calotte_ is "a
+cap," hence the phrase, _Plattes comme des calles_. Ben Jonson, in his
+_Magnetick Lady_, speaks of "wearing the callet, the politic hood."
+
+Des filles du peuple et de la campagne s'appellant _çalles_, à cause
+de la "cale" qui leur servait de coiffure.--Francisque Michel.
+
+En sa tête avoit un gros bonnet blanc, qui l'on appelle une _calle_,
+et nous autres appelons _calotte_, ou bonnette blanche de lagne,
+nouée ou bridée par dessous le menton.--Brantôme, _Vies des Dames
+Illustres_.
+
+  A beggar in his drink
+  Could not have laid such terms upon his callet.
+
+Shakespeare, _Othello_, act iv. sc. 2 (1611).
+
+CALLIM'ACHUS (_The Italian_), Filippo Buonaccorsi (1437-1496).
+
+CALLIR'RHOE (4 _syl._), the lady-love of Chae'reas, in a Greek romance
+entitled _The Loves of Choreas and Callirrhoê_, by Char'iton (eighth
+century).
+
+CALLIS'THENES (4 _syl._), a philosopher who accompanied Alexander the
+Great on his Oriental expedition. He refused to pay Alexander divine
+honors, for which he was accused of treason, and being mutilated, was
+chained in a cage for seven months like a wild beast. Lysimachus put
+an end to his tortures by poison.
+
+  Oh let me roll in Macedonian rays,
+  Or, like Callisthenes, be caged for life,
+  Rather than shine in fashions of the East.
+  N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. I (1678).
+
+CAL'MAR, son of Matha, lord of Lara (in Connaught). He is represented
+as presumptuous, rash, and overbearing, but gallant and generous.
+The very opposite of the temperate Connal, who advises caution and
+forethought. Calmar hurries Cuthullin into action, which ends in
+defeat. Connal comforts the general in his distress.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_, i.
+
+CAL'THON, brother of Col'mar, sons of Rathmor chief of Clutha (_the
+Clyde_). The father was murdered in his halls by Dunthalmo lord of
+Teutha (_the Tweed_), and the two boys were brought up by the murderer
+in his own house, and accompanied him in his wars. As they grew in
+years Dunthalmo fancied he perceived in their looks a something which
+excited his suspicions, so he shut them up in two separate dark caves
+on the banks of the Tweed. Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, dressed as
+a young warrior, liberated Calthon, and fled with him to Morven, to
+crave aid in behalf of the captive Colmar. Accordingly, Fingal sent
+his son Ossian with 300 men to effect his liberation. When Dunthalmo
+heard of the approach of this army, he put Colmar to death. Calthon,
+mourning for his brother, was captured, and bound to an oak; but at
+daybreak Ossian slew Dunthalmo, cut the thongs of Calthon, gave him
+to Colmal, and they lived happily in the halls of Teutha.--Ossian,
+_Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+CAL´YDON (_Prince of_), Melea´ger, famed for killing the Calydonian
+boar.--_Apollod._ i. 8. (See MELEAGER.)
+
+  As did the fatal brand Althaea burn'd,
+  Unto the prince's heart of Calydon.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+_Cal´ydon_, a town of Aeto´lia, founded by Calydon. In Arthurian
+romance Calydon is a forest in the north of our island. Probably it is
+what Richard of Cirencester calls the "Caledonian Wood," westward of
+the Varar or Murray Frith.
+
+CALYDO´NIAN HUNT. Artemis, to punish Oeneus [_E´.nuce_] king of
+Cal´ydon, in Aeto´lia, for neglect, sent a monster boar to ravage his
+vineyards. His son Melea´ger collected together a large company to
+hunt it. The boar being killed, a dispute arose respecting the head,
+and this led to a war between the Curetês and Calydo´nians.
+
+A similar tale is told of Theseus (_2 syl._), who vanquished and
+killed the gigantic sow which ravaged the territory of Krommyon, near
+Corinth. (See KROMMYONIAN SOW.)
+
+CALYP´SO, in _Télémaque_, a prose-epic by Fénélon, is meant for Mde.
+de Montespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogyg´ia, on
+which Ulyssês was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years.
+
+She essayed after his departure to bring his son Telemachus under
+her spell. The lad, seeking the world through for his father, was
+preserved from the arts of the temptress by Mentor--Minerva in
+disguise.
+
+CALYPSO'S ISLE, Ogygia, a mythical island "in the navel of the sea."
+Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (_not the island_) is
+Boeo´tia, in Greece.
+
+CAMA´CHO, "richest of men," makes grand preparations for his wedding
+with Quite´ria, "fairest of women," but as the bridal party are on
+their way, Basil´ius cheats him of his bride, by pretending to kill
+himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married
+to him as a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments; but when
+the service is over, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his "mortal
+wounds" are a mere pretense.--Cervantes, an episode in _Don Quixote_,
+II. ii. 4 (1615).
+
+CAMAN´CHES (3 _syl._), or COMAN´CHES, an Indian tribe of Texas (United
+States).
+
+  It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches.
+  Longfellow, _To the Driving Cloud_.
+
+CAMARAL´ZAMAN, prince of "the Island of the Children of Khal´edan,
+situate in the open sea, some twenty days' sail from the coast of
+Persia." He was the only child of Schah´zaman and Fatima, king and
+queen of the island. He was very averse to marriage; but one night,
+by fairy influence, being shown Badou´ra, only child of the king of
+China, he fell in love with her and exchanged rings. Next day both
+inquired what had become of the other, and the question was deemed
+so ridiculous that each was thought to be mad. At length Marzavan
+(foster-brother of the princess) solved the mystery. He induced the
+prince Camaralzaman to go to China, where he was recognized by
+the princess and married her. (The name means "the moon of the
+period.")--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+CAM´BALLO, the second son of Cambuscan´ king of Tartary, brother of
+Al´garsife (_3 syl._) and Can´acê (_3 syl._). He fought with two
+knights who asked the lady Canacê to wife, the terms being that none
+should have her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat.
+Chaucer does not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says
+that three brothers, named Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond were
+suitors, and that Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all
+born at one birth) was Ag´apê, who dwelt in Faëry-land (bk. iv. 2).
+
+Spenser makes Cambi´na (daughter of Agapê) the lady-love of Camballo.
+Camballo is also called Camballus and Cambel.
+
+_Camballo's Ring_, given him by his sister Canacê, "had power to
+stanch all wounds that mortally did bleed."
+
+  Well mote ye wonder how that noble knight,
+  After he had so often wounded been,
+  Could stand on foot now to renew the fight ...
+  All was thro' virtue of the ring he wore;
+  The which not only did not from him let
+  One drop of blood to fall, but did restore
+  His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet.
+  Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 2 (1596).
+
+CAMBEL, called by Chaucer Cam´ballo, brother of Can´acê (_3 syl._). He
+challenged Every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all
+except Tri´amond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so
+evenly balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambi´na
+interfered. (See next art.)--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+CAMBI´NA, daughter of the fairy Ag´apê (_3 syl._). She had been
+trained in magic by her mother, and when Cam´ballo, son of Cambuscan´,
+had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with
+the third (named Tri´amond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot
+drawn by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had
+the power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow,
+and of inspiring the mind with celestial joy. Cambina touched the
+combatants with her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup
+to drink, dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled
+them with gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife,
+and Triamond married Can´acê.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+CAMBUSCAN´, king of Sarra, in the land of Tartary; the model of all
+royal virtues.
+
+  At Sarra, in the lond of Tartarie,
+  Ther dwelt a king that werreied Russie,
+  Through which ther died many a doughty man:
+  This noble king was cleped Cambuscan
+  Which in his time was of so great renoun
+  That ther n' as no wher in no regioun,
+  So excellent a lord in alle thing:
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  This noble king, this Tartre Cambuscan
+  Hadde two sones by Elfeta his wif,
+  Of which the eldest sone highte Algarsif
+  That other was ycleped Camballo.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  A doughter had this worthy king also
+  That youngest was and highte Canace.
+  Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_.
+
+Milton, in the Penseroso, alludes to the fact that the Squire's Tale
+was not finished:
+
+  Or call up him that left half told
+  The story of Cambuscan bold.
+
+CAMBY´SES (3 _syl._), a pompous, ranting character in Preston's
+tragedy of that name,
+
+  I must speak in passion, and I will do it in
+  king Cambyses' vein.--Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_.
+  act ii. sc. 4 (1597).
+
+CAMBY´SES AND SMERDIS. Cambysês king of Persia killed his brother
+Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a madman, and it is only charity to
+think that he was really _non compos mentis_.
+
+  Behold Cambisês and his fatal daye ...
+  While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye,
+  A dreadful thing, his wittes were him bereft.
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The
+  Complaynt," 1587).
+
+CAMDEO, the god of love in Hindû mythology.
+
+CAMIL´LA, the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her fleetness
+of foot. She aided Turnus against Æneas.
+
+  Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,
+  Flies o'er th' unbending corn, or skims along the main.
+  Pope.
+
+_Camilla_, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice
+in her incorruptible fidelity, induced his friend Lothario to try to
+corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell.
+Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped
+with Lothario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle,
+and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6
+("Fatal Curiosity," 1605).
+
+_Camilla_, English girl, heroine of Miss Burney's novel of same name.
+
+_Camilla_, the heroine of _Signor Monaldini's Niece_, by Mary Agnes
+Tincker, a story of modern Rome (1879).
+
+CAMILLE´ (_2 syl._), in Corneille's tragedy of _Les Horaces_ (1639).
+When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his
+victory over the three Curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for
+the death of her lover. Horace says, "What! can you prefer a man
+to the interests of Rome?" Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and
+concludes with these words: "Oh, that it were my lot!" When Mdlle.
+Rachel first appeared in the character of "Camille," she took Paris by
+storm (1838).
+
+  Voir le dernier Romain à son dernier soupir,
+  Moi seule en être cause, et mourir de plaisir.
+
+¤¤¤ Whitehead has dramatized the subject and called it _The Roman
+Father_ (1741).
+
+_Camille_, one of the Parisian _demi-monde_. She meets and loves
+Armand Duval. Camille is besought by Duval _père_ to leave her lover,
+whose prospects are ruined by the _liaison_. She quits him, returns to
+her former life, and dies of consumption in the arms of her lover,
+who has just found her after a long search.--A. Dumas, _La Dame aux
+Camelias_.
+
+CAMILLO, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being
+commanded by king Leontês to poison Polixenês, instead of doing so he
+gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. When Polixenês ordered
+his son Florizel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young
+lovers to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leontês, the king
+thereof, to protect them. As soon as Polixenês discovered that Perdita
+was Leontês' daughter, he readily consented to the union which before
+he had forbidden.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+CAMI´OLA, "the maid of honor," a lady of great wealth, noble spirit,
+and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of the
+two Sicilies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid
+his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia
+the duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and proposed
+marriage, an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to
+Palermo to be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct
+of the base young prince. Roberto was disgusted at his brother,
+Aurelia rejected him with scorn, and Camiola retired to a
+nunnery.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637).
+
+CAMPAS´PE (3 _syl._), mistress of Alexander. He gave her up to
+Apellês, who had fallen in love with her while painting her
+likeness.--Pliny, _Hist_. xxxv. 10.
+
+John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama entitled _Cupid and Campaspe_, in
+which is the well-known lyric:
+
+  Cupid and my Campaspê played
+  At cards for kisses: Cupid paid.
+
+CAMPBELL (_Captain_), called "Green Colin Campbell," or Bar´caldine (3
+_syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Campbell (General)_, called "Black Colin Campbell," in the king's
+service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+_Campbell (Sir Duncan)_, knight of Ardenvohr, in the marquis of
+Argyll's army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose.
+
+_Lady Mary Campbell_, sir Duncan's wife.
+
+_Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck_, an officer in the army of the
+marquis of Argyll.
+
+_Murdoch Campbell_, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised
+as a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the
+prisoners overmastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon,
+and escaped.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+_Campbell (The lady Mary)_, daughter of the duke of Argyll.
+
+_The lady Caroline Campbell_, sister of lady Mary.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+CAMPEADOR [_Kam.pay´.dor_], the Cid, who was called _Mio Cid el
+Campeador_ ("my lord the champion"). "Cid" is a corruption of _saïd_
+("lord").
+
+CAMPO-BASSO (_The count of_), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's
+army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, _Quentin Durward_ and
+_Anne of Geierstein_, both laid in the time of Edward IV.
+
+CAN´ACE (3 _syl._), daughter of Cambuscan´, and the paragon of women.
+Chaucer left the tale half told, but Spenser makes a crowd of suitors
+woo her. Her brother Cambel or Cam´ballo resolved that none should
+win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At length
+Tri´amond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight with
+Camballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambi´na, daughter of
+the fairy Ag´apê (3 _syl._), had not interfered. Cambina gave the
+wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity
+to love; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair
+Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canacê.--Chaucer, _Squire's
+Tale_; Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+_Canacê's Mirror_, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons
+on whom they set their affections would prove true or false.
+
+_Canacê's Ring_. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canacê, daughter of
+Cambuscan´ (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to
+understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of
+all herbs.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Squire's Tale," 1388).
+
+
+CANDACE, negro cook in _The Minister's Wooing_, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. She reverences Dr. Hopkins, but is slow to admit his dogma of
+Imputed Sin in Consequence of Adam's Transgression (1859).
+
+CANDAU´LES (_3 syl._), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his
+wife to Gy´gês. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gygês to
+murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of
+Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (B.C. 716-688).
+
+CANDAY´A (_The kingdom of_), situate between the great Trapoba´na and
+the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Com´orin.--Cervantes,
+_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4 (1615).
+
+CANDIDE´ (_2 syl._), the hero of Voltaire's novel of the same name. He
+believes that "all things are for the best in the best of all possible
+worlds."
+
+  Voltaire says "No." He tells you that Candide
+  Found life most tolerable after meals.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31 (1820).
+
+CANDOUR (_Mrs._), the beau-ideal of female backbiters.--Sheridan, _The
+School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+CAN´IDIA, a Neapolitan, beloved by the poet Horace. When she deserted
+him, he held her up to contempt as an old sorceress who could by
+charms unsphere the moon.--Horace, _Epodes_, v. and xvii.
+
+  Such a charm were right Canidian.
+  Mrs. Browning, _Hector in the Garden_, iv.
+
+CANMORE or GREAT-HEAD, Malcolm III. of Scotland (1057-1093).--Sir W.
+Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 4.
+
+CANNING (_George_), statesman (1770-1827). Charles Lamb calls him:
+
+  St. Stephen's fool, the zany of debate.
+  _Sonnet in "The Champion_."
+
+CANO´POS, Meneläos's pilot, killed in the return voyage from Troy by
+the bite of a serpent. The town Canöpos (Latin, _Canopus_) was built
+on the site where the pilot was buried.
+
+CAN´TAB, a member of the University of Cambridge. The word is a
+contraction of the Latin _Cantabrig´ia_.
+
+CAN´TACUZENE´ (_4 syl._), a noble Greek family, which has furnished
+two emperors of Constantinople, and several princes of Moldavia and
+Wallachia. The family still survives.
+
+  We mean to show that the Cantacuzenês are
+  not the only princely family in the world.--D'Israeli,
+  _Lothaire_.
+
+  There are other members of the Cantacuzenê
+  family besides myself.--Ditto.
+
+_Can´tacuzene´_ (_Michael_), the grand sewer of Alexius Comne´nus,
+emperor of Greece.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_. (time,
+Rufus).
+
+CANTERBURY TALES. Eighteen tales told by a company of pilgrims going
+to visit the shrine of "St. Thomas à Becket" at Canterbury. The party
+first assembled at the Tabard, an inn in Southwark, and there agreed
+to tell one tale each both going and returning, and the person who
+told the best tale was to be treated by the rest to a supper at the
+Tabard on the homeward journey. The party consisted of twenty-nine
+pilgrims, so that the whole budget of tales should have been
+fifty-eight, but only eighteen of the number were told, not one being
+on the homeward route. The chief of these tales are: "The Knight's
+Tale" (_Pal´amon and Ar´cite, 2 syl._); "The Man of Law's Tale"
+(_Custance, 2 syl._); "The Wife of Bath's Tale" (_A Knight_); "The
+Clerk's Tale" (_Grisildis_); "The Squire's Tale" (_Cambuscan_,
+incomplete); "The Franklin's Tale" _(Dor'igen and Arvir'agus)_;
+"The Prioress's Tale" (_Hugh of Lincoln_); "The Priest's Tale"
+(_Chanticleer and Partelite_); "The Second Nun's Tale" (_St.
+Cecil'ia_); "The Doctor's Tale" (_Virginia_); "The Miller's Tale"
+(_John the Carpenter and Alison_); and "The Merchant's Tale" (_January
+and May_) (1388).
+
+CANTON, the Swiss valet of lord Ogleby. He has to skim the morning
+papers and serve out the cream of them to his lordship at breakfast,
+"with good emphasis and good discretion." He laughs at all his
+master's jokes, flatters him to the top of his bent, and speaks of him
+as a mere chicken compared to himself, though his lordship is seventy
+and Canton about fifty. Lord Ogleby calls him his "cephalic snuff,
+and no bad medicine against megrims, vertigoes, and profound
+thinkings."--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).
+
+CAN'TRIPS (_Mrs._), a quondam friend of Nanty Ewart, the
+smuggler-captain.
+
+_Jessie Cantrips_, her daughter.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CANT'WELL (Dr.), the hypocrite, the English representative of
+Molière's Tartuffe. He makes religious cant the instrument of gain,
+luxurious living, and sensual indulgence. His overreaching and
+dishonorable conduct towards lady Lambert and her daughter gets
+thoroughly exposed, and at last he is arrested as a swindler.--I.
+Bicker staff, _The Hypocrite_ (1768).
+
+Dr. Cantwell ... the meek and saintly hypocrite.
+
+L. Hunt.
+
+CANUTE' or CNUT and EDMUND IRONSIDE. William of Malmesbury says:
+When Canute and Edmund were ready for their sixth battle in
+Gloucestershire, it was arranged between them to decide their
+respective claims by single combat. Cnut was a small man, and Edmund
+both tall and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary, "We both lay
+claim to the kingdom in right of our fathers; let us therefore divide
+it and make peace;" and they did so.
+
+  Canutus of the two that furthest was from hope ...
+  Cries, "Noble Edmund hold! Let us the land divide."
+  ... and all aloud do cry,
+  "Courageous kings, divide! 'Twere pity such should die."
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+CANUTE'S BIRD, the knot, a corruption of "Knut," the _Cinclus
+bellonii_, of which king Canute was extremely fond.
+
+  The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old,
+  Of that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold,
+  His appetite to please ... from Denmark hither brought.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxv. (1622).
+
+CAN´YNGE (_Sir William_) is represented in the _Rowley Romance_ as a
+rich, God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church,
+and much to literature. He was, in fact, a Maece´nas of princely
+hospitality, living in the Red House. The priest Rowley was his
+"Horace."--Chatterton (1752-1770).
+
+CAP (_Charles_), uncle of Mabel Dunham in Cooper's _Pathfinder_
+(1849). He is a sea-captain who insists in sailing a vessel upon the
+great northern lakes as he would upon the Atlantic, but, despite his
+pragmatic self-conceit, is nonplussed by the Thousand Islands.
+
+
+"And you expect me, a stranger on your lake, to find this place
+without chart, course, distance, latitude, longitude, or soundings?
+Allow me to ask if you think a mariner runs by his nose, like one of
+Pathfinder's hounds?"
+
+Having by a series of blunders consequent upon this course, brought
+schooners and crew to the edge of destruction, he shows heart
+by regretting that his niece is on board, and philosophy with
+professional pride by the conclusion:--
+
+"We must take the bad with the good in every v'y'ge, and the only
+serious objection that an old sea-captain can with propriety make to
+such an event, is that it should happen on this bit of d--d fresh
+water."
+
+CAPABILITY BROWN, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener
+(1715-1783).
+
+CAP'ANEUS (3 _syl_.) a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength,
+and headlong valor. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his
+friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against
+Thebes (1 _syl_.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring
+that not Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls.
+
+CAPITAN, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces and
+comedies prior to the time of Molière.
+
+CAPONSAC'CHI (_Guiseppe_), the young priest under whose protection
+Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and _his_ friends
+said the elopement was criminal; but Pompilia, Caponsacchi, and
+_their_ friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part
+of a chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at fifteen,
+and who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her.--R. Browning,
+_The Ring and the Book_.
+
+CAPSTERN (_Captain_), captain of an East
+
+Indiaman, at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+CAPTAIN, Manuel Comne´nus of Treb´izond (1120, 1143-1180).
+
+_Captain of Kent_. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450).
+
+_The Great Captain (el Gran Capitano)_, Gonzalvo di Cor´dova
+(1453-1515).
+
+_The People's Captain (el Capitano del Popolo_), Guiseppe Garibaldi
+(1807-).
+
+_Captain (A Copper)_, a poor captain, whose swans are all geese,
+his jewellry paste, his guineas counters, his achievements
+tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. See _Copper Captain_.
+
+_Captain (The Black)_, lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff of the
+Russian army. In the French invasion he was called by the French _Le
+Capitaine Noir_.
+
+CAPTAIN LOYS [_Lo.is_]. Louise Labé was so called, because in early
+life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of
+great valor. She was also called _La Belle Cordière_. Louise Labé was
+a poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good
+elegies (1526-1566).
+
+CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! fallen leader apostrophized by Walt Whitman in
+his lines upon the death of President Lincoln (1865).
+
+  O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells!
+  Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills;
+  For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding;
+  For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.
+
+  Here, Captain! dear father!
+  This arm beneath your head!
+  It is some dream that on the deck
+  You've fallen cold and dead.
+
+CAPTAIN RIGHT, a fictitious commander, the ideal of the rights due to
+Ireland. In the last century the peasants of Ireland were sworn to
+captain Right, as chartists were sworn to their articles of demand
+called their _charter_. Shakespeare would have furnished them with
+a good motto, "Use every man after his desert, and who shall 'scape
+whipping?" (_Hamlet_, act ii. sc. 2).
+
+CAPTAIN ROCK, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain Irish
+insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were
+signed by this name.
+
+CAP'ULET, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with the
+house of Mon'tague (3 syl). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man,
+self-willed, prejudiced, and tyrannical.
+
+_Lady Capulet_, wife of lord Capulet and mother of
+Juliet.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).
+
+CAPYS, a blind old seer, who prophesied to Romulus the military
+triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the destruction of Carthage.
+
+  In the hall-gate sat Capys,
+  Capys the sightless seer;
+  From head to foot he trembled
+  As Romulus drew near.
+  And up stood stiff his thin white hair,
+  And his blind eyes flashèd fire.
+
+Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ ("The Prophecy of Capys," xi.).
+
+CAR'ABAS (_Le marquis de_), an hypothetical title to express a
+fossilized old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his
+behoof. The "king owes his throne to him;" he can "trace his pedigree
+to Pepin;" his youngest son is "sure of a mitre;" he is too noble "to
+pay taxes;" the very priests share their tithes with him; the country
+was made for his "hunting-ground;" and, therefore, as Béranger says:
+
+  Chapeau bas! chapeau bas!
+  Gloire au marquis de Carabas!
+
+The name occurs in Perrault's tale of _Puss in Boots_, but it is
+Béranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning.
+
+CARAC´CI OF FRANCE, Jean Jouvenet, who was paralyzed on the right
+side, and painted with his left hand (1647-1707).
+
+CARAC´TACUS OR CARADOC, king of the Sil´urês (_Monmouthshire_, etc.).
+For nine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated
+by Osto´rius Scap´ula the Roman general, he escaped to Brigantia
+(_Yorkshire_, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthisman´dua (or
+Cartimandua), a Roman matron married to Venu´tius, chief of those
+parts. Carthismandua betrayed him to the Romans, A.D. 47.--Richard of
+Cirencester, _Ancient State of Britain_, i. 6, 23.
+
+Caradoc was led captive to Rome, A.D. 51, and, struck with the
+grandeur of that city, exclaimed, "Is it possible that a people so
+wealthy and luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain?"
+Claudius the emperor was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing
+that he released him and craved his friendship.
+
+Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the
+waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his "manly breast enchased with
+sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and
+walked with him."--_Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+CARACUL (_i.e. Caraeatta_), son and successor of Severus the Roman
+emperor. In A.D. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledo´nians,
+but was defeated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called "Caracalla"
+because he adopted the Gaulish _caracalla_ in preference to the Roman
+_toga_.--Ossian, _Comala_.
+
+The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of
+Severus) the emperor of Rome ... was not without reason called "The
+Son of the King of the World." This was A.D. 210.--_Dissertation on
+the Era of Ossian_.
+
+CARACULIAM'BO, the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma,
+whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at
+the foot of his imaginary lady-love.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.i.1
+(1605).
+
+CAR'ADOC OR CRADOCK, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of
+the only lady in the queen's train who could wear "the mantle of
+matrimonial fidelity." This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous
+wives; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on--
+
+  One while it was too long, another while too short,
+  And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort.
+
+Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).
+
+_Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head_. The boy who brought the test mantle
+of fidelity to king Arthur's court drew a wand three times across a
+boar's head, and said, "There's never a cuckold who can carve that
+head of brawn." Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir
+Cradock could carve the brawn.
+
+_Sir Cradock and the Drinking-horn._ The boy furthermore brought
+forth a drinking-horn, and said, "No cuckold can drink from that horn
+without spilling the liquor." Only Cradock succeeded, and "he wan the
+golden can."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).
+
+CARADOC OF MEN'WYGENT, the younger bard of Gwenwyn prince of
+Powys-land. The elder bard of the prince was Cadwallon.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+CAR´ATACH OR CARAC´TACUS, a British king brought captive before the
+emperor Claudius in A.D. 52. He had been betrayed by Cartimandua.
+Claudius set him at liberty.
+
+  And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach affords
+  A tragedy complete except in words.
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+(Byron alludes to the "spectacle" of _Caractacus_ produced by
+Thomas Sheridan at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's tragedy of
+_Bonduca_, minus the dialogue.)
+
+  Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute
+  "Caratach." The solid bulk of his frame, his
+  action, his voice, all marked him with identity.
+  Boaden, _Life of Siddons_.
+
+CAR´ATHIS, mother of the caliph Vathek. She was a Greek, and
+induced her son to study necromancy, held in abhorrence by all good
+Mussulmans. When her son threatened to put to death every one who
+attempted without success to read the inscription of certain sabres,
+Carathis wisely said, "Content yourself, my son, with commanding their
+beards to be burnt. Beards are less essential to a state than men."
+She was ultimately carried by an afrit to the abyss of Eblis, in
+punishment of her many crimes.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+CARAU´SIUS, the first British emperor (237-294). His full name was
+Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was
+accepted by Diocletian and Maxim´ian; but after a vigorous reign of
+seven years he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as
+"emperor of Britain."--See Gibbon, _Decline and Fall, etc._, ii. 13.
+
+CAR´DAN (_Jerôme_) of Pa´via (1501-1576), a great mathematician and
+astrologer. He professed to have a demon or familiar spirit, who
+revealed to him the secrets of nature.
+
+CARDEN (_Grace_), lovely girl with whom Henry Little (an artisan) and
+Frederick Coventry, gentleman, are enamored. Beguiled by Coventry into
+a belief that Little is dead, she consents to the marriage ceremony
+with his rival. Little reappears on the wedding-day, and she refuses
+to live with her husband. The marriage is eventually set aside, and
+Grace Carden espouses Henry Little.--Charles Reade, _Put Yourself in
+His Place_.
+
+CARDE´NIO of Andalusi´a, of opulent parents, fell in love with
+Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally
+engaged. Don Fernando his friend, however, prevailed on Lucinda's
+father, by artifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda
+to himself, "contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle
+of honor." This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena
+or Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid
+intervals. On the wedding-day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed
+the bridegroom that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she
+privately left her father's house and took refuge in a convent; but
+being abducted by don Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where
+Fernando found Dorothea his wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda.
+All parties were now reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired
+respectively with their proper wives.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.
+iv. (1605).
+
+CARE, described as a blacksmith, who "worked all night and day." His
+bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs.--_Faéry Queen_, iv.
+5 (1596).
+
+CARE'LESS, one of the boon companions of Charles Surface.--Sheridan,
+_School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+_Care'less (Colonel)_, an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper,
+who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his
+wife.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.
+
+This farce is a mere _réchauffé_ of _The Committee_, by the hon. sir
+R. Howard. The names "colonel Careless" and "Ruth" are the same, but
+"Ruth" says her proper Christian name is "Anne."
+
+_Careless_, in _The Committee_, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury
+(1638-1720) was celebrated.--Chetwood, _History of the Stage._
+
+(_The Committee_, recast by T. Knight, is called _The Honest
+Thieves_.)
+
+_Careless (Ned)_, makes love to lady Pliant.--W. Congreve, _The Double
+Dealer_ (1700).
+
+CARELESS HUSBAND _(The)_, a comedy by Colley Cibber (1704). The
+"careless husband" is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different
+persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and
+even forgets to lock the door when he has made a _liaison_, so that
+his wife knows all; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire
+control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest
+indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that
+he confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his
+ways.
+
+CARÊME _(Jean de), chef de cuisine_ of Leo X. This was a name given
+him by the pope for an admirable _soupe maigre_ which he invented
+for Lent. A descendant of Jean was _chef_ to the prince regent, at
+a salary of £1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the
+prince had only a _ménage bourgeois_, and entered the service of baron
+Rothschild at Paris (1784-1833).
+
+CAREY, innocent-faced rich young dude in Ellen Olney Kirk's novel, _A
+Daughter of Eve_ (1889).
+
+_Carey (Patrick)_, the poet brother of lord Falkland, introduced by
+sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+CAR'GILL _(The Rev. Josiah_), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor of
+the hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 _syl_.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta
+Bidmore, his pupil's sister.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CARI'NO, father of Zeno'cia, the chaste troth-plight wife of
+Arnoldo (the lady dishonorably pursued by the governor count
+Clodio).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+CAR'KER _(James)_, manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant.
+Carker was a man of forty, of a florid complexion, with very
+glistening white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His
+smile was like "the snarl of a cat." He was the Alas'tor of the house
+of Dombey, for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he
+seduced Alice Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife), and
+also induced Edith to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon,
+and Carker, returning to England, was run over by a railway train and
+killed.
+
+_John Carker_, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He
+twice robbed it and was forgiven.
+
+_Harriet Carker_, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr.
+Morfin, one of the _employés_ in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant.
+When her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his
+employer, Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to
+live with and cheer her disgraced brother John.--C. Dickens, _Dombey
+and Son_ (1846).
+
+CARLE´TON (_Captain_), an officer in the Guards.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+
+CARLISLE (_Frederick Howard, earl of_), uncle and guardian of lord
+Byron (1748-1826). His tragedies are _The Father's Revenge_ and
+_Bellamere_.
+
+  The paralytic puling of Carlisle...
+  Lord, rhymester, _petit-maitre_, pamphleteer.
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+CAR´LOS, elder son of don Antonio, and the favorite of his paternal
+uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love
+with Angelina he throws off his diffidence and becomes bold, resolute,
+and manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb.--C. Cibber,
+_Love Makes a Man_ (1694).
+
+_Carlos_ (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married
+Ogari´ta, but as the marriage was effected under a false name it was
+not binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne.
+Carlos was a great villain: he murdered a man to steal from him the
+plans of some Californian mines. Then embarking in the _Urania_, he
+induced the crew to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship.
+"Gold was the object of his desire, and gold he obtained." Ultimately,
+his villainies being discovered, he was given up to the hands of
+justice.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+_Carlos (Don)_, son of Philip II. of Portugal; deformed in person,
+violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlos was to have married
+Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Subsequently he
+expected to marry the arch-duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor
+Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II.
+settled the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring
+Carlos incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the
+Netherlands in a war against his father. He was apprehended and
+condemned to death, but was killed in prison. This has furnished the
+subject of several tragedies: _i.e._, Otway's _Don Carlos_ (1672), in
+English; those of J.G. de Campistron (1683) and M.J. de Chénier (1789)
+in French; J.C.F. Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about
+the same time.
+
+_Car'los (Don)_, the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband
+of Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friendship. After
+marriage, Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos
+entertain a criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo, out of
+jealousy, has Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself.--Edward
+Young, _The Revenge_ (1721).
+
+_Carlos (Don)_, husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his
+wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtesan, and Victoria, in order to
+recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio,
+and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced
+Gaspar as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the
+deeds in her hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper
+tore them to atoms, and thus Carlos recovered the estate and was
+rescued from impending ruin.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a
+Husband_ (1782).
+
+CARLTON (_Admiral George_), George IV., author of _The Voyage of--in
+search of Loyalty_, a poetic epistle (1820).
+
+CARMEN, the fisherman's wife who, in Lufcadio Hearn's story _Chita_,
+adopts the baby dragged by her husband from the surf, and takes it to
+her heart in place of the child she has lost (1889).
+
+_Carmen (Eschelle)_, beautiful, ambitious, and intriguing New York
+society girl.--Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little Journey in the World_
+(1889).
+
+CAR´MILHAN, the "phantom ship." The captain of this ship swore he
+would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious
+vow he was doomed to abide forever and ever captain in the same
+vessel, which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The
+kobold of the phantom ship is named Klabot´erman, a kobold who helps
+sailors at their work, but beats those who are idle. When a vessel is
+doomed the kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and
+wearing a night-cap.
+
+CARO, the Flesh or "natural man" personified. Phineas Fletcher says
+"this dam of sin" is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel,
+polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device
+of a mermaid, with the motto, "Hear, Gaze, and Die."--_The Purple
+Island_, vii. (1633).
+
+CAROLINE, queen-consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_The Heart of Midlothian_. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in
+the gardens at Richmond, and her majesty promises to intercede with
+the king for Effie Deans's pardon.
+
+CAROS OR CARAUSIUS, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The
+emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against
+the Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing
+to excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in
+A.D. 287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted
+all attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately
+acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct
+the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this
+work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and
+grandson of Fingal. "The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained
+like a rock left by the ebbing sea."--Ossian, _The War of Caros_.
+
+CARPATH'IAN WIZARD (_The_), Proteus (2 _syl_.), who lived in the
+island of Car'pathos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could
+change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a
+crook.
+
+[_By_] the Carpathian wizard's book [_crook_]. Milton, _Comus_, 872
+(1634).
+
+CARPET (_Prince Housain's_), a magic carpet, to all appearances quite
+worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any part
+of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called "the magic
+carpet of Tangu," because it came from Tangu, in Persia.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Prince Ahmed").
+
+_Carpet_ (_Solomon's_). Solomon had a green silk carpet, on which his
+throne was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to
+stand on; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and
+spirits on the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind
+where to set him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into
+the air and alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds
+of the air, with outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole
+party.--Sale, _Korân_, xxvii. (notes).
+
+CARPIL'LONA (_Princess_), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the
+Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with
+his wife, child, and a foundling boy thrown into a dungeon, and kept
+there for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape;
+but the rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let down
+snapped asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other
+two lived in retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being
+rescued by a fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When
+the "Humpbacked" Prince dethroned the usurper of the Peaceable
+Islands, Carpillona was one of the captives, and the "Humpbacked"
+Prince wanted to make her his wife; but she fled in disguise, and
+came to the cottage home of Sublimus, where she fell in love with his
+foster-son, who proved to be half-brother of the "Humpbacked" Prince.
+Ultimately, Carpillona married the foundling, and each succeeded to
+a kingdom.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona,"
+1682).
+
+CAR'PIO (_Bernardo del_), natural son of don Sancho, and doña Ximena,
+surnamed "The Chaste." It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew Roland at
+Roncesvallês (4 _syl._). In Spanish romance he is a very conspicuous
+figure.
+
+CARRAS'CO (_Samson_), son of Bartholomew Carrasco. He is a licentiate
+of much natural humor, who flatters don Quixote, and persuades him to
+undertake a second tour.
+
+CARRIER _(Martha)_, a Salem goodwife, tried and executed for
+witchcraft. To Rev. Cotton Mather's narrative of her crimes and
+punishment is appended this memorandum:
+
+This rampant hag, Martha Carrier, was the person of whom the
+confessions of the witches, and of her own children among the rest,
+agreed that the devil had promised her she should be Queen of
+Hell.--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_ (1693).
+
+CARRIL, the gray-headed, son of Kinfe'na bard of Cuthullin, general of
+the Irish tribes.--Ossian, _Fingal_.
+
+CARRLLLO _(Fray)_ was never to be found in his own cell, according to
+a famous Spanish epigram.
+
+Like Fray Carillo, the only place in which one cannot find him Is his
+own cell.
+
+Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_, i. 5.
+
+CAR'ROL, deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+CAR'STONE _(Richard)_, cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in
+Chancery interested in the great suit of "Jarndyce _v_. Jarndyce."
+Richard Carstone is a "handsome youth, about nineteen, of ingenuous
+face, and with a most engaging laugh." He marries his cousin Ada, and
+lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In
+the meantime he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession
+of medicine, then by that of law, then by the army; but the rolling
+stone gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies of the sickness of
+hope deferred.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CARTAPH'ILUS, the Wandering Jew of _Jewish_ story. Tradition says he
+was doorkeeper of the judgment-hall, in the service of Pontius Pilate,
+and, as he led our Lord from the judgment-hall, struck Him, saying
+"Get on! Faster, Jesus!" Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, "I am
+going fast, Cartaphilus; but tarry thou till I come again." After
+the crucifixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who
+baptized Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every
+century he falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man
+about thirty years of age.--_Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of
+St. Allans_.
+
+(This "book" was copied and continued by Matthew Paris, and contains
+the earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip
+Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay, wrote the "rhymed chronicle.")
+
+CARTER _(Mrs. Deborah_), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer.--J. M.
+Morton, _A Regular Fix_.
+
+CAR'THAGE (2 _syl_.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the
+natives "as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide." The
+agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose
+a space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa "the
+hide." (Greek, _bursa_, "a bull's hide.")
+
+The following is a similar story in Russian history:--The Yakutsks
+granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass
+with a cow's hide; but the Russians, cutting the hide into strips,
+obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk.
+
+CARTHAGE OF THE NORTH. Lübeck was so called when it was the head of
+the Hanseatic League.
+
+CAR'THON, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was born while Clessammor was
+in flight, and his mother died in childbirth. When he was three
+years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town
+belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away
+safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to
+revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the
+kingdom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon
+was slain by his own father, who knew him not; but when Clessammor
+learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he mourned for him
+three days, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian, _Carthon_.
+
+CAR'TON _(Sydney)_, a friend of Charles Darnay, whom he personally
+resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but knowing of her
+attachment to Darnay, never attempted to win her. Her friendship,
+however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of
+his friend.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859).
+
+CARTOUCHE, an eighteenth century highwayman. He is the French Dick
+Turpin.
+
+CA'RUS _(Slow)_, in Garth's _Dispensary_, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708).
+
+CARYATI'DES (5 _syl_.), or CARYA'TES (4 _syl_.), female figures in
+Greek costume, used in architecture to support entablatures Ca'rya, in
+Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so after
+the battle of Thermop'ylae, the victorious Greeks destroyed the city,
+slew the men, and made the women slaves, Praxit'elês, to perpetuate
+the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian men, for
+architectural columns.
+
+CAS'CA, a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who
+assassinated Julius Cæsar. He is called "Honest Casca," meaning
+_plain-spoken._--Shakespeare, _Julius Cæsar_ (1607).
+
+CASCH'CASCH, a hideous genius, "hunch-backed, lame, and blind of one
+eye; with six horns on his head, and both his hands and feet hooked."
+The fairy Maimou'nê (3 _syl_.) summoned him to decide which was the
+more beautiful, "the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra,"
+but he was unable to determine the knotty point.--_Arabian Nights_
+("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+CASEL'LA, a musician and friend of the poet Dantê, introduced in his
+_Purgatory_, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel
+freighted with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for
+paradise; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he "woos
+to sing;" whereupon Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the
+words of [Dantê's] second canzone.
+
+  Dantê shall give Fame leave to set thee higher
+  Than his Casella, whom he wooed to sing,
+  Met in the milder shades of purgatory.
+
+  Milton, _Sonnet_, xiii. (To H. Lawes).
+
+CASEY, landlord of the tavern on "Red Hoss Mountain" in Eugene Field's
+poem _Casey's Table d'Hôte_.
+
+  He drifted for a fortune to the undeveloped West,
+  And he come to Eed Hoss Mountain when the little camp was new,
+  When the money flowed like likker, an' the folks wuz brave an'
+  true,
+  And, havin' been a stewart on a Mississippi boat,
+  He opened up a caffy, 'nd he run a _tabble dote_.
+
+  (1889.)
+
+CAS'PAR, master of the horse to the baron of Arnheim. Mentioned in
+Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time,
+Edward IV.).
+
+_Cas'par_, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The
+night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a
+respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of
+the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a
+dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried off his victim to "his own
+place."--Weber's opera, _Der Freischüte_ (1822).
+
+CASS (_Godfrey_), young farmer in _Silas Marner_, by George Eliot.
+Father of the heroine.
+
+CASSAN'DRA, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy; but
+Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban "that no one
+should ever believe her predictions."--Shakespeare, _Troilus and
+Cressida_ (1602).
+
+CASSEL (_Count_), an empty-headed, heart less, conceited puppy,
+who pays court to Amelia Wildenhaim, but is too insufferable to be
+endured. He tells her he "learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain,
+enterprise in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and
+love in the wilds of America," for civilized nations have long since
+substituted intrigue for love.--Inchbald, _Lovers' Vows_ (1800),
+altered from Kotzebue.
+
+CASSI, the inhabitants of Hertfordshire or Cassio.--Cæsar,
+_Commentaries_.
+
+CASSIB'ELLAUN or CASSIB'ELAN (probably "Caswallon"), brother and
+successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius Cæsar invaded
+the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his _British History_, that
+Cassibellaun routed Cæsar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5).
+In Cæsar's second invasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7),
+and "sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows,
+100,000 sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number" (ch. 8).
+Androg'eus (4 _syl_.) "duke of Trinovantum," with 5000 men, having
+joined the Roman forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed "to pay
+3000 pounds of silver yearly in tribute to Rome." Seven years after
+this Cassibellaun died and was buried at York.
+
+In Shakespeare's _Cymbeline_ the name is called "Cassibelan."
+
+[Illustration] Polyænus of Macedon tells us that Cæsar had a huge
+elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back,
+filled with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea,
+Cassivelaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were
+terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were
+able to land without molestation.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii.
+
+  There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous emperor-idiot.
+  Such is Rome ... hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun.
+
+  Tennyson, _Boadicea_.
+
+CAS'SILANE (3 _syl_.), general of Candy and father of Annophel.--_Laws
+of Candy_ (1647).
+
+CASSIM, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and soon
+became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he discovered
+that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the robbers'
+cave, Cassim took ten mules charged with panniers to carry away part
+of the same booty. "Open Sesamê!" he cried, and the door opened. He
+filled his sacks, but forgot the magic word. "Open Barley!" he cried,
+but the door remained closed. Presently the robber band returned, and
+cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcass into four
+parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried
+off the body and had it decently interred.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali
+Baba, or the Forty Thieves").
+
+CAS'SIO (_Michael_), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army
+under the command of Othello. Simple minded but not strong-minded, and
+therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will.
+Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he
+was suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration.
+Iago made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the
+Moor. Cassio's "almost" wife was Bianca, his mistress.--Shakespeare,
+_Othello_ (1611).
+
+"Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by his want of
+stubbornness to resist an insidious invitation.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+CASSIODO'RUS (_Marcus Aurelius_), a great statesman and learned writer
+of the sixth century, who died at the age of one hundred, in A.D. 562.
+He filled many high offices under Theod'oric, but ended his days in a
+convent.
+
+  Listen awhile to a learned prelection
+  On Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus.
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+CASSIOPEIA, wife of Ce'pheus (2 _syl_.) king of Ethiopia, and mother
+of Androm'eda. She boasted herself to be fairer than the sea-nymphs,
+and Neptune, to punish her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her
+husband's kingdom. At death she was made a constellation, consisting
+of thirteen stars, the largest of which form a "chair" or imperfect W.
+
+  ... had you been
+  Sphered up with Cassiopeia.
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, iv.
+
+CASSIUS, instigator of the conspiracy against Julius Cæsar, and friend
+of Brutus.--Shakespeare, _Julius Ccesar_ (1607).
+
+  _Brutus_. The last of all the Romans, fare thee
+  well!
+  It is impossible that ever Rome
+  Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more
+  tears
+  To this dead man than you shall see me pay.
+  I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time.
+  Act. v. sc. 3.
+
+Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was
+equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride; thus in
+such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," "The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga,"
+and "Cassius," he looked the men he represented.--Rev. J. Young, _Life
+of G. M. Young_.
+
+[Illustration] "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Beverley" (_The Gamester_,
+Moore); "The Stranger" (B. Thompson); "Pierre" (_Venice Preserved_,
+Otway); "Zanga" (_Revenge_, Young).
+
+CASSY, a colored woman, mistress of Legree, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's
+_Uncle Tom's Cabin_. Disgusted with her master and with her life,
+she befriends another woman, even more helpless than herself, and by
+stratagem and force of will contrives her escape (1852).
+
+CASTAGNETTE _(Captain)_, a hero whose stomach was replaced by a
+leather one made by Desgenettes [_Da'.ge.net_'], but his career was
+soon ended by a bomb-shell, which blew him into atoms,--Manuel, _A
+French Extravaganza_.
+
+CASTA'LIO, son of lord Acasto, and Polydore's twin-brother. Both the
+brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the orphan." The love
+of Polydore was dishonorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and
+married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took
+his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit
+which had been practised on her, and Polydore heard that Monimia
+was really married to his brother, the bride poisoned herself, the
+adulterer ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed
+himself.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680).
+
+CASTA'RA, the lady addressed by Wm. Habington in his poems. She was
+Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became
+his wife. (Latin, _casta_, "chaste.")
+
+  If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move,
+  Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love?
+  W. Habington, _To Castara_ (died 1654).
+
+The poetry of Habington shows that he possessed ... a real passion
+for a lady of birth and virtue, the "Castara" whom he afterwards
+married.--Hallam.
+
+CAS'TLEWOOD (_Beatrix_), the heroine of _Esmond_, a novel by
+Thackeray, the "finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty
+ever given to the world."
+
+CAS'TOR (_Steph'anos_), the wrestler.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of
+Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Castor_, of classic fable, is the son of Jupiter and Leda, and
+twin-brother of Pollux. The brothers were so attached to each
+other that Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the
+constellation _Gemini_ ("the twins"). Castor and Pollux are called the
+_Dios'curi_ or "sons of Dios," _i.e._ Jove.
+
+CAS'TRIOT (_George_), called by the Turks "Scanderbeg" (1404-1467).
+George Castriot was son of an Albanian prince, delivered as a hostage
+to Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in
+command of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va
+(1443).
+
+  This is the first dark blot
+  On thy name, George Castriot.
+
+Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (an interlude).
+
+CASTRUC'CIO CASTRACA'NI'S SWORD.
+
+When Victor Emmanuel II went to Tuscany, the path from Lucca to
+Pistoia was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of
+Pucci'ni met him, bearing a sword, and said, "This is the sword of
+Castruccio Castracani, the great Italian soldier, and head of the
+Ghibelines in the fourteenth century. It was committed to our ward and
+keeping till some patriot should arise to deliver Italy and make it
+free." Victor Emmanuel, seizing the hilt, exclaimed, "_Questa è per
+me_!" ("This is for me.")--E. B. Browning, _The Sword of Castruccio
+Castracani._
+
+CAS'YAPA. The father of the immortals, who dwells in the mountain
+called Hemacû'ta or Himakoot, under the Tree of Life, is called
+"Casyapa." Southey, _Curse of Kehama_. Canto vi. (1809).
+
+CATEUCLA'NI, called _Catieuchla'ni_ by Ptolemy, and _Cassii_ by
+Richard of Cirencester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire,
+and Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi.
+
+CATGUT (_Dr._), a caricature of Dr. Arne in _The Commissary_, by Sam.
+Foote (1765).
+
+CATH'ARINE, queen-consort of Charles II; introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Peveril of the Peak_. (See CATHERINE, and also under the letter K.)
+
+_Cath'arine (St.)_ of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of
+girls and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St.
+Jerome says she was called Catharine from the Syriac word _Kethar_ or
+_Kathar_, "a crown," because she won the triple crown of martyrdom,
+virginity, and wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25,
+which is her _fête_ day.
+
+_To braid St. Catharine's hair_ means "to live a virgin."
+
+  Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catharine's
+  tresses.
+
+Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1848).
+
+CATH'BA, son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king of
+Ireland. He was killed out of jealousy by Duchô'mar, and when Duchômar
+told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, "Thou art dark to
+me, Duchômar; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword, my
+foe;" and when he gave it, she "pierced his manly breast," and he
+died.
+
+Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a
+sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm.--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.
+
+CATH'ERINE, wife of Mathis, in _The Polish Jew_, by J. R. Ware.
+
+_Catherine_, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of _Washington
+Square_, by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace
+by the dull routine of wealthy respectability (1880).
+
+_Catherine (The countess_), usually called "The Countess," falls in
+love with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at
+the match, but her love is masterful. When the duke her father is told
+of it, he insists on Huon's marrying Catherine, a freed serf, on pain
+of death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him
+to comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes
+himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine
+the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter.--S. Knowles,
+_Love_ (1840).
+
+CATH'ERINE OF NEWPORT, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 _syl.)._--Sir W.
+Scott, _The_ _Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). (See CATHARINE, and under
+K.)
+
+CATH'LEEN, one of the attendants on Flora M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+CATH'LIN OF CLU'THA, daughter of Cathmol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had
+slain Cathmol in battle, and carried off Cathlin by force, but she
+contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and
+Oscar were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached
+Rathcol (where Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian resigned the command of the
+battle to his son Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the
+latter fell. The victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Carmor to
+Cathlin, and Cathlin said, "Take the mail and place it high in Selma's
+hall, that you may remember the helpless in a distant land."--Ossian,
+_Cathlin of Clutha_.
+
+CATH'MOR, younger brother of Cair'bar ("lord of Atha"), but totally
+unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded
+and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having
+inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in
+which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treachery. Cathmore is the
+second hero of the poem called _Tem'ora_, and falls by the hand of
+Fingal (bk. viii.).
+
+Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar.
+Their souls were not the same. The light of heaven was in the bosom of
+Cathmor. His towers rose on the banks of Atha; seven paths led to his
+halls; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to
+the feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of
+praise.--Ossian, _Temora_, i.
+
+CATH'OLIC _(The)._ Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III. _His
+Catholic Majesty_ (693, 739-757).
+
+Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called _Rusé_,
+"the wily" (1452, 1474-1516).
+
+Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Aragon, so called for her zeal in
+establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474-1504).
+
+CATHOLIC MAJESTY _(Catholica Majestad_), the special title of the
+kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third
+Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the "Arian heresy."
+
+Cui a Deo æternum meritum nisi vero Catholico Recaredo regi? Cui a Deo
+æterna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Recaredo regi?--_Gregor._ _Mag._,
+127 and 128.
+
+But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In
+1500 Alexander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and
+Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown.
+
+Ab Alexandro pontifice Ferdinandus "Catholici" cognomentum accepit in
+posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titulos
+principibus dividere pontincibus Romanis datur.--Mariana, _De Rebus
+Hesp_., xxvi. 12; see also vii. 4.
+
+CA'THOS, cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle Gor'gibus, a plain
+citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had
+their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace,
+Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of
+Polix'ena. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider
+their manners too unaffected and easy to be "good style," so the
+gentlemen send their valets to represent the "marquis of Mascarille"
+and the "viscount of Jodelet." The girls are delighted with these
+"distinguished noblemen;" but when the game has gone far enough, the
+masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught
+a useful lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill
+consequences.--Molière, _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+CATHUL'LA, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_) and brother of Coma'la
+(_q.v._). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a
+beacon-flame on its top as signal of distress, for Frothal king of
+Sora had besieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single
+combat, defeated him, and made him prisoner.--Ossian, _Carrick-Thura._
+
+CAT'ILINE (3 _syl_.), a Roman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to
+overthrow the Government, and obtain for himself and his followers all
+places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero.
+Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but fell in
+the battle after fighting with desperate daring (B.C. 62). Ben Jonson
+wrote a tragedy called _Catiline_ (1611), and Voltaire, in his _Rome
+Sauvée_, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752).
+
+CA'TO, the hero and title of a tragedy by J. Addison (1713). Disgusted
+with Cæsar, Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he had a small
+republic and mimic senate; but Cæsar resolved to reduce Utica as he
+had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, finding resistance hopeless,
+fell on his own sword.
+
+  Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome,
+  He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild,
+  Compassionate, and gentle to his friends;
+  Filled with domestic tenderness.
+  Act v. 1.
+
+When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as "Cato," Bolingbroke called
+him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of
+liberty so well against a perpetual dictator.--_Life of Addison_.
+
+_He is a Cato_, a man of simple habits, severe morals, strict justice,
+and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like the
+Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who
+resembled him in character and manners.
+
+CATO AND HORTENS'IUS. Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia daughter
+of Philip. He allowed her to live with his friend Hortensius, and
+after the death of Hortensius took her back again.
+
+  _[Sultans]_ don't agree at all with the wise Roman,
+  Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious,
+  Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 7 (1821).
+
+CATUL'LUS. Lord Byron calls Thomas Moore the "British Catullus,"
+referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the
+pseudonym of "Thomas Little."
+
+  'Tis Little! young Catullus of his day,
+  As sweet but as immoral as his lay.
+
+Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+_The Oriental Catullus_, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a
+rich merchant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His
+chief works are _The Gulistan_ (or "garden of roses") and _The Bostan_
+(or "garden of fruits") (1176-1291).
+
+CAU'DLE _(Mrs. Margaret_), a curtain lecturer, who between eleven
+o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years
+a curtain lecture to her husband Job Caudle, generally a most gentle
+listener; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if
+he did not he was insufferably sulky.--Douglas Jerrold, _Punch_ ("The
+Caudle Papers").
+
+CAU'LINE _(Sir)_, a knight who served the wine to the king of Ireland.
+He fell in love with Christabelle (3 _syl_.), the king's-daughter, and
+she became his troth-plight wife, without her father's knowledge. When
+the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). After a time
+the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir Cauline challenged his
+rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of the wounds he had
+received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief, "burst her gentle
+hearte in twayne."--Percy's _Reliques_, I. i. 4.
+
+CAU'RUS, the stormy west-north-west wind; called in Greek _Argestês_.
+
+  The ground by piercing Caurus seared.
+
+Thomson, _Castle of Indolence_, ii. (1748).
+
+CAUSTIC, of the _Despatch_ newspaper, was the signature of Mr. Serle.
+
+_Christopher Caustic_, the pseudonym of Thomas Green Fessenden, author
+of _Terrible Tractoration_, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837).
+
+_Caustic_ (_Colonel_), a fine gentleman of the last century, very
+severe on the degeneracy of the present race.--Henry Mackenzie, in
+_The Lounger_.
+
+CA'VA, or _Florida_, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation of
+Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the
+Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711).
+
+CAVALIER _(The)._ Eon de Beaumont, called by the French _Le Chevalier
+d'Eon_ (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape painter
+(1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called _El Chavaliere
+del Cairo_ (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, _Le Chevalier_ (1587-1633). J.
+Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called _Il Cavaliere_ (1569-1625).
+Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743).
+
+[Illustration] James Francis Edward Stuart, the
+
+"Old Pretender," was styled _Le Chevalier de St. George_ (1688-1765).
+Charles Edward, the "Young Pretender," was styled _The Bonnie
+Chevalier_ or _The Young Cavalier_ (1720-1788).
+
+CAVALL', "king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth."--Tennyson, _Idylls of
+the King_ ("Enid").
+
+CAV'ENDISH, author of _Principles of Whist_, and numerous guide-books
+on games, as _Bézique, Piquet, Écarté, Billiards_, etc. Henry Jones,
+editor of "Pastimes" in _The Field_ and _The Queen_ newspapers
+(1831-).
+
+CAX'ON _(Old Jacob_), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck ("the
+antiquary") of Monkbarns.
+
+_Jenny Caxon_, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+CAXTON _(Pisistratus)_, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton,
+baron Lytton, author of _My Novel_ (1853); _What will He do with it?_
+(1859); _Caxtoniania_ (1863); _The Boatman_ (1864).
+
+CECIL, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861).
+
+CECIL DREEME, _alias_ Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's
+dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those
+dearest to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her
+rescuers discover the truth.--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_
+(1861).
+
+CECILIA, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is
+the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming
+the rival of her dearest friend (1872).
+
+_Cecilia (St.)_, the patroness of musicians and "inventor of the
+organ." The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for
+her musical skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her
+husband saw the angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom.
+
+  Thou seem'st to me like the angel
+  That brought the immortal roses
+  To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+CE'DRIC, a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon."--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+CEL'ADON AND AME'LIA, lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted to
+each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed,
+but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, "'Tis safety to be near
+thee, sure;" but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and
+fell dead in his arms.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Summer," 1727).
+
+CELE'NO OR CELSAE'NO, chief of the harpies.
+
+  There on a craggy stone
+  Celeno hung, and made his direful moan.
+  Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph [on Earth_]
+  (1610).
+
+CE'LIA, daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of
+Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven
+from her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest
+of Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake
+Rosalind dressed in boy's clothes and called herself "Gan'ymede,"
+while Celia dressed as a peasant girl and called herself "Aliena."
+When they reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut,
+and Oliver de Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was
+hurt and could not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell
+in love with each other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede
+resumed the dress of Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the
+same time.--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598).
+
+_Ce'lia_, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of _The School for
+Lovers_. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr.
+Arne.
+
+Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the
+uncommon symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular
+vivacity, enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all
+the juvenile appearance marked by the author.--Percy, _Anecdotes_.
+
+_Ce'lia_, a poetical name for any lady-love: as "Would you know my
+Celia's charms ...?" Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when
+Celia is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her
+real name is not known.
+
+_Ce'lia (Dame)_, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in
+the hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, _coelum_,
+"heaven.")--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 10 (1590).
+
+CELIA SHAW, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her
+father and his clan intend to "clean out" a family fifteen miles up
+the mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their
+hut to warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful
+journey, and dies of consumption.--Charles Egbert Craddock, _In the
+Tennessee Mountains_ (1884).
+
+CÉLIMÈNE (3_syl_.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 _syl_.) the
+"misanthrope" (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in
+behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants Célimène
+to forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to
+do, and he replies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi tout
+en vous, allez, je vous refuse." He then proposes to her cousin
+Eliante (3 _syl_.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to
+his friend Philinte (2 _syl_), and so the play ends.--Molière, _Le
+Misanthrope_ (1666).
+
+"Célimène" in Molière's _Les Précieuses Ridicules_ is a mere dummy.
+She is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play,
+but never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance
+at all.
+
+CELIN'DA, the victim of count Fathom's seduction.--Smollett, _Count
+Fathom_ (1754).
+
+CEL'LIDE (2 _syl_.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. The
+lady naturally prefers the younger man.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
+Thomas_ (1619).
+
+CELTIC HOMER _(The)_, Ossian, said to be of the third century.
+
+If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all
+appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and
+beginning of the fourth century.
+
+The "Caracul" of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of
+Seve'rus emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or
+Carausius ... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish
+historians place his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's
+son.--_Era of Ossian._
+
+CENCI. Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had four
+sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable cruelty.
+It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and debauched his
+daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving brothers, with
+Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and accomplished
+his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on the
+scaffold, September 11, 1501.
+
+It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini
+palace at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido
+Eeni was the painter.
+
+Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called _The Cenci_ (1819).
+
+CENIMAG'NI, the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and
+Cambridge.--Cæsar, _Commentaries_.
+
+CENTAUR (_The Blue_), a human form from the waist upwards, and a goat
+covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he fed
+on human flesh.
+
+"Shepherds," said he, "I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me
+every third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my
+kinsmen and drive the Ogri away." ... He [_the Blue Centaur_] used to
+appear on the top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a
+terrible voice cry out to the shepherds, "Leave me my prey, and be off
+with you!"--Comtesse d'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona,"
+1682).
+
+CEN'TURY WHITE, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called from
+his chief work, entitled _The First Century of Scandalous, Malignant
+Priests, etc._ (1590-1645).
+
+CE'PHAL (Greek, _Kephalê_), the Head personified, the "acropolis" of
+_The Purple Island_, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by
+Phineas Fletcher (1633).
+
+CEPH'ALUS (in Greek, _Kephalos_). One day, overcome with heat,
+Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, "Come, gentle
+Aura, and this heat allay!" The words were told to his young wife
+Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously
+jealous. Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a
+covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank,
+crying aloud, "Come, gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat
+allay!" Her mistake was evident, and she was abont to throw herself
+into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the
+rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast
+was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and
+died.--Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.
+
+(Cephalus loves Procris, _i.e._ "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is
+killed by Cephalus, _i.e._ "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the
+sun.")
+
+CERAS'TES (3 _syl_.), the horned snake. (Greek, _keras_, "a horn.")
+Milton uses the word in _Paradise Lost_, x. 525 (1665).
+
+CERBERUS, a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dantê
+places it in the third circle.
+
+  Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange,
+  Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ...
+  His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard,
+  His belly large, and clawed the hands with which
+  He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs
+  Piecemeal disparts.
+
+Dantê, _Hell_, vi. (1300, Cary's translation).
+
+CER'DON, the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with
+Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was
+Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the
+Rump army.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).
+
+CERES (2 _syl._), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic
+mythology Cerês means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits.
+
+_Ceres_, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the
+observatory of Palermo, and Cerês is the tutelar goddess of Sicily.
+
+CER'IMON, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation
+Thaisa, the wife of Per'iclês, prince of Tyre, supposed to be
+dead.--Shakespeare, _Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+CHAB'OT (_Philippe de_), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and
+Normandy under François I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine,
+out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant
+Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and
+Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied
+upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession
+of his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an
+impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject
+of a tragedy entitled _The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc._, by George
+Chapman and James Shirley.
+
+CHAD'BAND (_The Rev. Mr._), type of a canting hypocrite "in the
+ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes,
+and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves
+dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent.--C. Dickens,
+_Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CHAFFINGTON (_Mr. Percy_), M.P., a stockbroker.--T. M. Morton, _If I
+had a Thousand a Year_.
+
+CHALBROTH, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including
+Polypheme (3 _syl._), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and
+closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its "week
+of three Thursdays."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+CHAL'YBES (3 _syl._), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea,
+who occupied themselves in the working of iron.
+
+  On the left hand dwell
+  The iron-workers called the Chalybês,
+  Of whom beware.
+  E. B. Browning, _Prometheus Bound_ (1850).
+
+CHAM, the pseudonym of comte Amédée de Noé, a peer of France, a
+great wit, and the political caricaturist of _Charivari_ (the French
+_Punch_). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in
+1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so
+Amédée was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de Noé _[Noah]._
+
+CHAM OF LITERATURE, _(The Great_), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel
+Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784).
+
+CHAM OF TARTARY, a corruption of Chan or Khan, _i.e._ "lord or
+prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being
+equal to the Latin _magnus_, and "chan" to _dominus_ or _imperator_.
+Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan,
+etc. The Turks have also had their "Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan
+Selim chan," _i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim
+prince_.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_, vi. 66 (1672).
+
+CHAM'BERLAIN _(Matthew)_, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger Raine
+(1 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHAMONT, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight husband
+of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud and
+susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself up
+as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her
+honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her
+guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her,
+and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to
+prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has
+ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are
+again altogether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was
+like that of a madman with fire-brands in a stack-yard.--Otway, _The
+Orphan_ (1680).
+
+There are characters in which he _[C. M. Young_] is unrivalled and
+almost perfect. His "Pierre" [_Venice Preserved_, Otway] is more
+soldierly than Kemble's; his "Chamont" is full of brotherly pride,
+noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn.--_New Monthly Magazine_ (1822).
+
+CHAMPAGNE _(Henry earl of_), a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+CHAM'PERNEL', a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and
+son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 _sy_).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Little French Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+CHAMPION OF THE VIRGIN. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his
+defence of the "Incarnation" or doctrine of the "hypostatic union," in
+the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople.
+
+CHAMPNEYS _(Sir Geoffry_), a fossilized old country gentleman, who
+believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot,
+and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of
+these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their
+fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to
+abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all
+ends happily.
+
+_Miss Champneys_, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but
+quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick,
+the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and
+allow her to spend his money.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875).
+
+_Talbot Champneys_, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name,
+which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the
+battle of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but
+his father wants him to marry Violet the heiress.
+
+CHAN'TICLEER (3 _syl_.), the cock, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the
+Fox_ (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in _The
+Canterbury Tales_, by Chaucer (1388).
+
+CHAON'IAN BIRD _(The)_, the dove; so called because doves delivered
+the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia.
+
+  But the mild swallow none with, toils infest,
+  And none the soft Chaonian bird molest.
+  Ovid, _Art of Love_, ii.
+
+CHAONIAN FOOD, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which
+gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech
+mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest of
+Dodona.
+
+CHARALOIS, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight
+years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by
+him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law
+which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by
+his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his
+father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the
+marshal's.--Philip Massinger, _The Fatal Dowry_ (1632).
+
+(It will be remembered that Milti'adês, the Athenian general, died in
+prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would
+not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a
+hostage.)
+
+CHAR'EGITE (3 _syl_.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a
+Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of
+Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to
+stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the
+assassin on the spot.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard
+I.).
+
+CHARICLE'IA, the _fiancée_ of Theag'enês, in the Greek romance called
+_The Loves of Theagenês and Charicleia_, by Heliodo'ros bishop of
+Trikka (fourth century).
+
+CHARI'NO, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry Clodio,
+a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a
+young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos,
+and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a
+testy, obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own
+way.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes the Man_ (1694).
+
+CHAR'LEMAGNE AND HIS PALADINS. This series of romances is of French
+origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the
+legendary chronicle in verse, called _Historia de Vita Carola Magni
+et Rolandi_, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims
+(a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three
+hundred years later. The chief of the series are _Huon of Bordeaux,
+Guerin de Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore_ (in which Charlemagne and his
+paladins proceed in mufti to the Holy Land), _Miles and Ames_,
+_Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais_, and _Maugis
+the Enchanter_.
+
+_Charlemagne and the Ring_. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell
+in love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed
+bewitched, insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him;
+but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the
+astonishment of the court to find that the king seemed no less
+bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and
+spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite
+offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this
+strange infatuation, and on examining the body, found a ring under the
+tongue, which he removed. Charlemagne now lost all regard for the
+dead body; but followed Turpin, with whom, he seemed infatuated. The
+archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool
+at Aix, where Charlemagne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in
+the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the
+ring" was buried.--_Recherches de la France_, vi. 33.
+
+_Charlemagne and Years of Plenty_. According to German legend,
+Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a
+golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards.
+
+  Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,
+  Upon thy bridge of gold.
+
+  Longfellow, _Autumn_.
+
+_Charlemagne not dead_. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned
+and armed in Odenberg _(Hesse)_ or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till
+the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom.
+(See BARBAROSSA.)
+
+_Charlemagne's Nine Wives_: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who
+bore him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3)
+Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5)
+Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde.
+(7) Gersuinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda.
+
+_Charlemagne's Stature_. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet
+high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone
+three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple
+as possible.
+
+_Charlemagne's Sword_, La Joyeuse.
+
+CHARLEMAGNE OF SERVIA, Stephen Dushan.
+
+CHARLES "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in
+two novels, viz., _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein._ The
+latter novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles
+was slain.
+
+_Charles_ prince of Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _The Fortunes of Nigel_.
+
+_Charles_ "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that
+whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married
+a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his
+death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges.--S. Knowles, _The
+Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+CHARLES II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels,
+viz., _Peveril of the Peak_ and _Woodstock_. In this latter he appears
+first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis
+Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page).
+
+CHARLES IX. of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de Medici,
+he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574).
+
+CHARLES XII. of Sweden. "Determined to brave the seasons, as he had
+done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during
+the cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two
+thousand of his men died from the cold."
+
+(Planché has an historical drama, in two acts, called _Charles XII_.;
+and the _Life of Charles XII_., by Voltaire, is considered to be one
+of the best written historical works in the French language.)
+
+CHARLES EDWARD [STUART], called "The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward,
+the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and afterwards as
+"Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced in _Waverley_
+(time, George II.).
+
+CHARLES EMMANUEL, son of Victor Amade'us (4 _syl_.) king of Sardinia.
+In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to
+restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor
+plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he
+died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.--R.
+Browning, _King Victor and King Charles, etc_.
+
+CHARLES KNOLLYS, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse on
+his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young and
+beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.--J. S. of Dale
+(Frederic Jesup Stimson), _Mrs. Knollys_ (1888).
+
+CHARLEY, plu. _Charlies_, an old watchman or "night guardian," before
+the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So
+called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system.
+
+CHARLEY KEENE, merry little doctor in _The Grandissimes_, in love with
+the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880).
+
+CHARLIE, _alias_ "Injin Charlie," _alias_ "Old Charlie," a "dark white
+man" in _Belles Demoiselles' Plantation_, by George W. Cable. "Sunk in
+the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least,
+unmerciful" (1879).
+
+CHARIOT, a messenger from Liëge to Louis XI--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CHARLOTTE, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have
+perished at sea.--Geo. Lillo, _Fatal Curiosity_ (1736).
+
+_Charlotte_, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir
+Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful
+alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, "Han, hi,
+han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and
+the young lady is soon cured by "pills matrimoniac." In Molière's _Le
+Médecin Malgré Lui_ Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act
+ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French.--H. Fielding, _The Mock
+Doctor_.
+
+_Charlotte_, daughter of sir John Lambert, in _The Hypocrite_, by Is.
+Bickerstaff (1768); in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of
+tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell,
+who is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat
+sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her
+constant exclamation is "Lud!"
+
+In Molière's comedy of _Tartuffe_ Charlotte is called "Mariane," and
+Darnley is "Valère."
+
+_Charlotte_, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her
+father was "state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller,
+and behaves rudely to her (see act ii. 3).--Benjamin Thompson, _The
+Stranger_ (1797).
+
+_Charlotte_, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl,
+who ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master.--C. Dickens, _Oliver
+Twist_ (1837).
+
+_Charlotte_, a fugitive slave whose hairbreadth escapes are narrated
+in J. T. Trowbridge's story of _Neighbor Jackwood_ (1857).
+
+_Charlotte (Lady)_, the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the
+airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her
+own and other households address her as "Your ladyship," or "lady
+Charlotte;" but though so mighty grand, she is "noted for a plaguy
+pair of thick legs."--Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_
+(1759).
+
+CHARLOTTE CORDAY, devoted patriot of the French Revolution. Believing
+Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the bath;
+was arrested and guillotined.
+
+CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna,
+author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862).
+
+CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune.
+She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she
+has lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her
+suitors but one depart, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan,
+who declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve,
+but before he loved her "with fear and trembling, like a man that
+loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun."--C. Macklin,
+_Love-à-la-mode_ (1779).
+
+CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose
+seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely
+death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by "Mrs.
+Rowson." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trinity church-yard, New York.
+
+CHAR'MIAN, a kind-hearted, simple-minded attendant on Cleopatra. After
+the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm,
+and when the, Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down
+dead.--Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_ (1608).
+
+CHAR'TERIS _(Sir Patrick_), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CHARTIST CLERGYMAN _(The)_, Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877).
+
+CHARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, is
+lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six
+daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble
+houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his
+satirical fable called _Mother Hubbard's Tale_ (1591). She was thrice
+married; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was
+Robert lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his
+father in 1608 as earl of Dorset.
+
+  No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,
+  The honor of the noble family
+
+  Of which I meanest boast myself to be,...
+  Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:
+  Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,
+  The next to her is bountiful Charyllis.
+
+_Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594).
+
+CHASTE _(The)_, Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835
+abdicated, died 842).
+
+CHATOOKEE, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but catches
+the raindrops in falling.--_Account of the Baptist Missionaries_, ii.
+309.
+
+  Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird,
+  Who never dips in earthly streams her bill,
+  But, when the sound of coming showers is heard,
+  Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill.
+
+Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxi. 6 (1809).
+
+CHAT'TANACH _(M'Gillie)_, chief of the clan Chattan.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CHAT'TERLEY _(Rev. Simon_), "the man of religion" at the Spa, one
+of the managing committee.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CHAUBERT _(Mons.)_, Master Chaffinch's cook.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the Peak_ (time, George II.).
+
+CHAUCER OF FRANCE, Clément Marot (1484-1544).
+
+CHAU'NUS, Arrogance personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himself with praising he dispraised." Fully
+described in canto viii. (Greek, _chaunos_, "vain".)
+
+CHEAT'LY (2 _syl_.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia
+(Whitefriars). He dares not leave the "refuge" by reason of debt;
+but in the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to
+money, and becomes bound for them.--Shadwell, _Squire of Alsatia_
+(1688).
+
+CHE'BAR, the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of
+Bethany.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xii. (1771).
+
+Ched'eraza'de (5 _syl_.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer,
+sultan of Cassimir. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced
+marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the
+sultana pined away and died.--Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the
+Genii_ ("Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751).
+
+CHEDER'LES (3 _syl_.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a
+virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank
+of the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any
+who invoke it.
+
+  When Chederlês conies
+  To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse,
+  ... as _[if]_ he had newly quaffed
+  The hidden waters of eternal youth.
+  Southey, _Joan of Arc_, vi. 302, etc. (1837).
+
+CHEENEY _(Frank)_, an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate
+Tyson.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.
+
+CHEERLY' _(Mrs.)_, daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married
+three years, she was left a widow, young, handsome, rich, lively, and
+gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall,
+an open-hearted, impulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her,
+and followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story,
+misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to
+hush-money; but his character was amply vindicated, and "the soldier's
+daughter" became his blooming wife.--Cherry, _The Soldier's Daughter_
+(1804).
+
+Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her _début_ at the Theatre
+Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as "The Widow Cheerly."--W. Donaldson.
+
+CHEERYBLE BROTHERS _(The)_, brother Ned and brother Charles, the
+incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent,
+and kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets
+barefooted, and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were
+ever ready to stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against
+the buffets of fortune.
+
+_Frank Cheeryble_, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate
+Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+CHEESE _(Dr.)_, an English translation of the Latin _Dr. Caseus_,
+that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of
+Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne.
+
+CHEMISTRY _(The Father of_, Arnaud do Villeneuve (1238-1314)).
+
+CHE'MOS _(ch = k)_, god of the Moabites; also called Baal-Pe'ör; the
+Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple to
+this obscene idol "in the hill that is before Jerusalem" (1 _Kings_
+xi. 7). In the hierarchy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank:
+(1) Satan, (2) Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos.
+
+Next Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Peör his other name.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, 406, 412 (1665).
+
+CHENEY, a mighty hunter in the northern woods, whose story is told in
+_The Adirondack_, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849).
+
+CHERONE'AN _(The)_ or THE CHERONE'AN SAGE _(ch = k)_, Plutarch, who
+was born at Chaerone'a, in Boeo'tia (A.D. 46-120).
+
+  This praise, O Cheronean sage, is thine.
+  Beattie, _Minstrel_ (1773).
+
+CHER'RY, the lively daughter of Boniface, landlord of the inn at
+Lichfield.--Geo.
+
+Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705). (See CHERY.)
+
+_Cherry (Andrew)_, comic actor and dramatist (1762-1812), author of
+_The Soldier's Daughter. All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow.
+The Village, Spanish Dollars_, etc. He was specially noted for his
+excellent wigs.
+
+  Shall sapient managers new scenes produce
+  From Cherry, Skeffington, and _Mother Goose?_
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_
+  (1809).
+
+[Illustration] _Mother Goose_ is a pantomime by C. Dibdin.
+
+CHER'UBIM (_Don_), the "bachelor of Salamanca," who is placed in a
+vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate
+with all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire
+and wit in every direction.--Lesage, _The Bachelor of Salamanca_
+(1737).
+
+CHER'Y, the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother),
+married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his
+cousin the three wonderful things: _The dancing water_, which had the
+power of imparting beauty; _the singing apple_, which had the power
+of imparting wit; and _the little green bird_, which had the power
+of telling secrets.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Princess
+Fairstar," 1682).
+
+CHES'TER (_Sir John_), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn enemy
+of Geoffrey Haredale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is the
+father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn.
+
+_Edward Chester_, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale.--C.
+Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+CHESTERFIELD (_Charles_), a young man of genius, the hero and title
+of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to
+satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure
+authors, editors, and publishers as profligate, selfish, and corrupt.
+
+CHESTERTON (_Paul_), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker and
+M.P.--T.M. Morton, _If I had a Thousand a Year_ (1764-1838).
+
+CHEVALIER D'INDUSTRIE, a man who lives by his wits and calls himself a
+"gentleman."
+
+  Denicheur de fauvettes, chevalier de l'ordre de
+  l'industrie, qui va chercher quelque bon nid,
+  quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune.--_Gongam_
+  ou _L'Homme Prodigieux_ (1713).
+
+CHEVALIER MALFET (_Le_), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he was
+cured of his madness. The meaning of the phrase is "The knight who
+has done ill," or "The knight who has trespassed."--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 20 (1470).
+
+CHEVERIL (_Hans_), the ward of Mordent, just come of age. Impulsive,
+generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns to be a
+villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna "the deserted
+daughter," and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the
+clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her.--Holcroft, _The
+Deserted Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).
+
+  The part that placed me [_Walter Lacy_] in the
+  position of a light comedian was "Cheveril," in
+  _The Steward_, altered from Holcroft's _Deserted
+  Daughter._--W. Lacy, _Letter to W.C. Russell_.
+
+CHIBIA'BOS, the Harmony of Nature personified; a musician, the friend
+of Hiawatha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on
+his pipe, the "brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the
+squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat upright to look and listen."
+He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice.
+
+  Most beloved by Hiawatha
+  Was the gentle Chibiabos;
+  He the best of all musicians,
+  He the sweetest of all singers.
+
+  Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi. and xv.
+
+_Chibiabos_, venerable chief in _The Myth of Hiaiwatha and Other Oral
+Legends of North American Indians_, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1856).
+
+CHICANEAU _(She'.ka.no')_, a litigious tradesman in _Les Plaideurs_,
+by Racine, (1668).
+
+CHICH'I-VACHE (3 _syl_.), a monster that fed only on good women. The
+word means the "sorry cow." It was all skin and bone, because its food
+was so extremely scarce. (See BYCORN.)
+
+  O noble wyvês, full of heigh prudence,
+  Let noon humilitie your tongês nayle.,
+  Lest Chichi-Vache you swalwe in her entraile.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("Clerk's Tale," 1388).
+
+CHICK _(Mr.)_, brother-in-law of Mr. Dombey; a stout gentleman, with a
+tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr. Chick is
+somewhat henpecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though apparently
+beaten, he not unfrequently rises up the superior and gets his own
+way.
+
+_Louisa Chick_, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish
+temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded
+that anything can be accomplished if persons will only "make an
+effort."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+CHICKEN _(The)_, Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called because
+in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, "I deliver this opinion with
+great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law."
+
+_Chicken_ (_The Game_), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the
+Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing,
+betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead,
+a broken nose, and "a considerable tract of bare and sterile country
+behind each ear."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+CHICKENS AND THE AUGURS. When the augurs told Publius Claudius
+Pulcher, the Roman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian
+fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, "Then toss
+them into the sea, that they may drink."
+
+CHICK'ENSTALKER (_Mrs_.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who
+keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married
+to Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_
+(1844).
+
+CHICK'WEED (_Conkey, i.e. Nosey_), the man who robbed himself. He was
+a licensed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he
+had been robbed of 327 guineas "by a tall man with a black patch over
+his eye." He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on
+his behalf. A detective was sent to examine into the "robbery,"
+and Chickweed would cry out, "There he is!" and run after the
+"hypothetical thief" for a considerable distance, and then lose sight
+of him. This occurred over and over again, and at last the detective
+said to him, "I've found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?"
+said Chickweed. "Yes," said Spyers, "you done it yourself." And so he
+had.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxi. (1837).
+
+CHIF'FINCH (_Master Thomas_), _alias_ Will Smith, a friend of Richard
+Ganlesse (2 _syl_.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was
+employed by the duke of Buckingham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to
+Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril.
+
+_Kate Chiffinch_, mistress of Thomas Chiffinch.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHIGNON _[Shin.yong]_, the French valet of Miss Alscrip "the heiress."
+A silly, affected, typical French valet-de-chambre.--General Burgoyne,
+_The Heiress_ (1718).
+
+CHI'LAX, a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in
+Paphos.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+CHILD (_The_), Bettina, daughter of Maximiliane Brentano. So called
+from the title of her book, _Goethe's Correspondence with a Child_.
+
+CHILD OF NATURE (_The_), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the
+"child of Nature." She was the daughter of Alberto, banished "by an
+unjust sentence," and during his exile he left his daughter under
+the charge of the marquis Almanza. Amantis was brought up in total
+ignorance of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but
+felt grateful to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she
+called "gratitude" the world calls "love." Her father returned home
+rich, his sentence cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time
+to give his daughter in marriage to his friend Almanza.
+
+CHILDE HAROLD, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to
+place, to kill time and escape from himself. The "childe" is, in fact,
+lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem,
+which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the "childe" visits
+Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in
+canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816); and in canto iv. Venice,
+Rome, and Florence (1817).
+
+("Childe" is a title of honor, about tantamount to "lord," as childe
+Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, childe
+Childers, etc.)
+
+CHIL'DERS (_E.W.B._), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted
+for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the "Wild
+Huntsman of the Prairies." This compound of groom and actor marries
+Josephine, Sleary's daughter.
+
+_Kidderminster Childers_, son of the above, known in the profession as
+"Cupid." He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner
+wholly beyond his years.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+CHILDREN (_The Henneberg_). It is said that the countess of Henneberg
+railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning on the
+countess, who was forty-two years old, said, "May you have as many
+children as there are days in a year," and sure enough, on Good
+Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth; all the
+males were christened _John_, and all the females _Elizabeth_. They
+were buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in
+which they were baptized.
+
+CHILDREN IN THE WOOD, the little son (three years old) and younger
+daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the
+care of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have £300 a year
+on coming of age, and the girl £500 as a wedding portion; but if the
+children died in their minority the money was to go to the uncle. The
+uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder
+the children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then,
+instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Wayland Wood, where
+they gathered blackberries, but died at night with cold and terror.
+All things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and
+the ruffian, after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole
+villainy.--Percy, _Reliques_, III. ii. 18.
+
+CHILDREN OF THE MIST, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild
+race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in
+pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14).--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+CHILLIP (_Dr_.), a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the
+birth of David.
+
+He was the meekest of his set, the mildest of little men.--C. Dickens,
+_David Copperfield_, i. (1849).
+
+CHILLON' (_Prisoner of_) François de Bonnivard, of Lunes, the Genevese
+patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III. (the
+duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was
+cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six
+years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died
+on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake, and three were
+imprisoned at Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but François was
+set at liberty by the people of Berne.--Byron, _Prisoner of Chillon_
+(1816).
+
+CHIMÈNE (_La Belle_) or Xime'na, daughter of count Lozano de Gormaz,
+wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she defended Valentia from the
+Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and Guihem
+de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the _rôle_ they
+represent her to have taken is wholly imaginary.
+
+CHINAMAN (_John_), a man of China.
+
+CHINDASUIN'THO (4 _syl_.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred, and
+grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings.--Southey, _Roderick,
+etc_. (1814).
+
+CHINESE PHILOSOPHER (_A_). Oliver Goldsmith, in the _Citizen of the
+World_, calls his book "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in
+London to his Friends in the East" (1759).
+
+CHINGACHGOOK, the Indian chief, called in French _Le Gros Serpent_.
+Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels,
+_The Last of the Mohicans. The Pathfinder. The Deerslayer_, and _The
+Pioneer_.
+
+CHINTZ (_Mary_), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem
+Miller.--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+CHI'OS (_The Man of_), Homer, who lived at Chios [_Ki'.os_]. At least
+Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard,
+according to the Latin hexameter verse:
+
+  Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios,
+  Argos, Athenae.--Varro.
+
+CHIRN'SIDE (_Luckie_), poulterer at Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+CHI'RON, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine,
+music, gymnastics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupils
+Achilles, Peleus, Diomede, and indeed all the most noted heroes
+of Grecian story. Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the
+constellation _Sagittarius_.
+
+  ... as Chiron erst had done
+  To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling
+  son [_Achilles_].
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612).
+
+CHIRRUP (_Betsey_), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the
+misanthrope.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_.
+
+CHITA, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in Lufcadio
+Hearn's _Chita: A Memory of Last Island_. The little one is dragged
+from her dead mother's neck while she has still the strength to cry
+out "_Maman! maman_!" and borne through the surf by the fisherman
+Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble
+pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of
+yellow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father
+(1888).
+
+CHITLING (_Tom_), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom Chitling
+was always most deferential to the "Artful Dodger."--C. Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+CHIVALRY (_The Flower of_), William Douglas, lord of Liddesdale
+(fourteenth century).
+
+CHLO'E [_Klo'.e_], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the pastoral
+romance called _Daphnis and Chloé_, by Longus. St. Pierre's tale of
+_Paul and Virginia_ is based on this pastoral.
+
+_Chloe_ or rather _Cloe_. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723).
+
+_Chloe (Aunt)_, the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher
+Stowe's famous book _Uncle Tom's Cabin_. She hires herself out to a
+pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is "sold South." Her
+exhortation, "Think o' your marcies, chillen! think o' your marcies!"
+is sincere, yet when Tom quotes, "Pray for them that despitefully use
+you," she sobs out, "Lor'! it's too tough! I _can't_ pray for 'em!"
+(1852.)
+
+_Chloe_ (_Aunt_), "a homeless widow, of excellent Vermont intentions
+and high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most difficult of human
+tasks, the training of another woman's child.... She held it to be the
+first business of any woman who undertook the management of a
+literary family like her brother's to attend properly to its
+digestion."--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, _The Story of Avis_ (1877).
+
+CHLO'RIS, the ancient Greek name of Flora.
+
+  Around your haunts
+  The laughing Chloris with profusest hand
+  Throws wide her blooms and odors.
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CHOE'REAS (_ch = k_), the lover of Callirrhoê, in the Greek romance
+called _The Loves of Choereas and Callirrhoê_, by Char'iton (eighth
+century).
+
+CHOKE (_General_), a lank North American gentleman, "one of the most
+remarkable men in the country." He was editor of _The Watertoast
+Gazette_, and a member of "The Eden Land Corporation." It was general
+Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious
+Eden swindle.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+CHOLMONDELEY [_Chum'.ly_], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHOPPARD (_Pierre_), one of the gang of thieves, called "The Ugly
+Mug." When asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, "I'll
+ask my wife, my memory's so slippery."--Edward Stirling, _The Courier
+of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+CHRIEMHIL'DA. (See under K.)
+
+CHRISOM CHILD (_A_), a child that dies within a month of its birth. So
+called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with _chrism_
+(oil and balm) worn at its baptism.
+
+"He's in Arthur's [_Abraham's_] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's
+bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had been any christom
+[_chrisom_] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide."
+(Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.)--Shakespeare, _Henry
+V_. act ii. sc. 3 (1599).
+
+  Why, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism child.
+  Jean Ingelow, _Brothers and a Sermon_.
+
+CHRIS'TABEL (_ch = k_), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the same
+title by Coleridge.
+
+_Christabel_, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled _Sir Eglamour
+of Artois_.
+
+CHRISTABELLE [_Kris.'ta.bel_], daughter of "a bonnie king of Ireland,"
+beloved by sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). When the king knew of their loves
+he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped
+the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of which
+was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day came a
+giant with two "goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," called the
+Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his challenge save
+the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his adversary, but died
+himself of the wounds he had received. When it was discovered that the
+knight was sir Cauline, the lady "fette a sighe, that burst her gentle
+hearte in twayne."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Sir Cauline," I. i. 4).
+
+CHRISTIAN, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called _The Pilgrim's
+Progress_. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the
+Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders,
+which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The
+pack, of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood
+of the cross. 1678.)
+
+_Christian_, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch.--_Acts_
+xi. 26.
+
+_Christian_, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which
+Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's
+daughter.--J. R. Ware, _The Polish Jew_.
+
+_Christian_, synonym of "_Peasant_" in Russia. This has arisen from
+the abundant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great,
+to prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan
+masters. No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and
+no Mohammedan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate.
+
+_Christian II_. (or _Christiern_), king of Norway, Sweden, and
+Denmark. When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose
+Gustavus Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which
+the Swedes were victorious; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return
+to their country. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an
+independent kingdom.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+_Chris'tian (Edward)_, a conspirator. He has two _aliases_, "Richard
+Gan'lesse" (2 _syl_.) and "Simon Can'ter."
+
+_Colonel William Christian_, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection.
+
+_Fenella_ alias _Zarah Christian_, daughter of Edward Christian.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Christian_ (_Fletcher_), mate of the _Bounty_, under the command of
+captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain
+and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and,
+according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island
+of Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Here Torquil, one of the
+mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to
+capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in
+a cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is
+not according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and
+then, with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed
+for Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed
+his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch.--Byron, _The
+Island_.
+
+CHRISTIAN DOCTOR (_Most_), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429).
+
+CHRISTIAN ELOQUENCE (_The Founder of_), Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704).
+
+CHRISTIAN KING (_Most_). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin _le
+Bref_ was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. _le
+Chauve_ was so styled by the Council of Savonnières (823, 840-877).
+Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483).
+
+CHRISTIAN'A (_ch = k_), the wife of Christian, who started with
+her children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her
+husband's flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and
+went, therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This
+forms the second part of Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_ (1684).
+
+CHRIS'TIE (2 _syl_.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of Julian
+Avenel (2 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Chris'tie_ (_John_), ship-chandler at Paul's wharf.
+
+_Dame Nelly Christie_, his pretty wife, carried off by lord
+Dalgarno.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+CHRISTI'NA, daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and
+Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus
+Vasa; but the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend.
+After the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus,
+Christina clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his
+behalf. He is sent back to Denmark, with all his men, without ransom,
+but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom.--H.
+Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+CHRISTINA PURCELL, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and frank
+innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shadows glooming over
+outcast "Nixy" in _Hedged In._
+
+She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered
+if the lady here and the white daughter were religious; if it were
+because people were white and religious that they all turned her from
+their doors,--then, abruptly, how _she_ would look sitting in the
+light of a porcelain lamp, with a white sack on.--Elizabeth Stuart
+Phelps, _Hedged In_ (1870).
+
+CHRIS'TINE (2 _syl_.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service
+of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the
+recapture of Ernest ("the prisoner of state"), she goes boldly to king
+Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty,
+Ernest marries the countess.--E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_
+(1847).
+
+CHRISTINE DRYFOOS, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made
+man in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_ (1889).
+
+She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her
+father's fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money
+gives to ignorance. She is madly in love with Beaton, whose attentions
+have raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last
+meeting she felt him more than life to her, and knew him lost, and the
+frenzy that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vitriol to
+destroy the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless
+soul.... She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at
+the face he bent towards her.
+
+CHRISTMAS TREASURES. Eugene Field, in _A Little Book of Western
+Verse_, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as
+
+  The little toy my darling knew,
+  A little sock of faded hue,
+  A little lock of golden hair,
+
+all that remains to him who,
+
+  As he lisped his evening prayer
+  Asked the boon with childish grace,
+  Then, toddling to the chimney-place,
+  He hung his little stocking there.
+
+(1889.)
+
+CHRIS'TOPHER _(St.)_, a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said to
+have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body
+was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offerus
+made a vow to serve only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was
+"the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor
+crossed himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that
+there was one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his
+service for that of the devil. After awhile. Offerus discovered that
+the devil was afraid of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ,
+employing himself in carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day,
+a very small child was carried across by him, but proved so heavy that
+Offerus, though a huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight.
+This child was Jesus, who changed the giant's name to _Christoferus_,
+"bearer of Christ." He died three days afterwards, and was canonized.
+
+  Like the great giant Christopher, it stands
+  Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave.
+
+Longfellow, _The Lighthouse_.
+
+CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, otherwise "Uncle Christopher," is the
+consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six
+daughters, in _Clovernook_, by Alice Cary (1851).
+
+CHRIST'S VICTORY AND TRIUMPHS, a poem in four parts, by Giles Fletcher
+(1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He reconciled
+Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human flesh;
+part ii. "Christ's Triumph on Earth," when He was led up into the
+wilderness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition;
+part iii. "Christ's Triumph over Death," when He died on the Cross;
+part iv. "Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection and
+ascension. (See PARADISE REGAINED.)
+
+CHRONICLERS _(Anglo-Norman)_, a series of writers on British history
+in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gaimar wrote his Anglo-Norman
+chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Saxon
+kings. Robert Wace wrote the _Brut d'Angleterre [i.e., Chronicle of
+England_] in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work to Henry II.
+It was begun in 1160 and finished in 1170.
+
+_Chroniclers (Latin)_, historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth
+centuries.
+
+_Chroniclers (Rhyming)_, a series of writers on English history, from
+the thirteenth century. The most noted are: Layamon (called "The
+English Ennius") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of
+Gloucester, who wrote a narrative of British history from the landing
+of Brute to the close of the reign of Henry III. (to 1272). No date is
+assigned to the coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius Aene'as
+(the third generation from Æneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183),
+so that the date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope
+of 2300 years to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight
+and six syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen
+syllables each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The
+first ends with the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the
+death of Edward I. The earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman
+chronicle of Wace. (The verse is octo-syllabic.)
+
+CHRONICLES OF CANONGATE, certain stories supposed to have been written
+by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, who
+lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These
+tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by
+whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains
+_The Highland Widow, The Two Drovers_, and _The Surgeon's Daughter_
+[afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains _The
+Fair Maid of Perth_.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+"Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to _The Highland Widow_).
+
+CHRONOLOGY _(The father of_), J. J. Scaliger (1540-1609).
+
+CHRONON--HOTON--THOL'OGOS _(King)._ He strikes Bombardin'ian, general
+of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, "Kings as great
+as Chrononhotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The king
+calls his general a traitor. "Traitor in thy teeth!" retorts
+the general. They fight, and the king dies.--H. Carey,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+CHRYSALDE' (2 _syl_.), friend of Arnolphe.--Molière, _L'École des
+Femmes_ (1662).
+
+CHRYSALE (2 _syl_.), a simple-minded, henpecked French tradesman,
+whose wife Philaminte (3 _syl_.) neglects her house for the learned
+languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself
+a plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the _bas bleu_
+movement. He has two daughters, Armande (2 _syl_.) and Henriette, both
+of whom love Clitandre; but Armande, who is a "blue-stocking," loves
+him platonically; while Henriette, who is a "thorough woman," loves
+him with a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette,
+and when he falls into money difficulties through the "learned
+proclivities" of his wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man,
+and obtains the consent of both parents to his marriage with
+Henriette.--Molière, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+CHRYSA'OR _(ch = k)_, the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all
+other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against
+the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the
+Knight of Justice.
+
+Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no
+substance was so ... hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it
+came. Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Radigund
+queen of the Amazons (bk. v. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound
+(canto 12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto (_the
+spirit of rebellion_). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because
+"the blade was garnished all with gold."
+
+_Chrysa'or_, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rhoê (4
+_syl._), one of the sea-nymphs.
+
+  Chrysaor rising out of the sea,
+  Showed thus glorious and thus emulous,
+  Leaving the arms of Callirrhoê.
+  Longfellow, _The Evening Star_.
+
+Chryseis [_Kri see'.iss_], daughter of Chrysês priest of Apollo. She
+was famed for her beauty and her embroidery. During the Trojan war
+Chryseis was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos,
+but her father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the
+offered ransom, and Chrysês prayed that a plague might fall on the
+Grecian camp. His prayer was answered, and in order to avert the
+plague Agamemnon sent the lady back to her father not only without
+ransom but with costly gifts.--Homer, _Iliad_, i.
+
+CHRYSOSTOM, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, "rich
+William's daughter."
+
+CHUCKS, the boatswain under Captain Savage.--Captain Marryat, _Peter
+Simple_ (1833).
+
+CHUFFEY, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but
+master and man love each other with sincerest affection.
+
+Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place,
+where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard....
+save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to
+soak his bread mechanically.... He remained, as it were, frozen up;
+if any term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to
+him--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_, xi. (1843).
+
+CHUNÉE (_À la_), very huge and bulky. Chunée was the largest elephant
+ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent Garden,
+bought it for £900 to appear in the pantomime of _Harlequin
+Padmenaba_, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor
+of Exeter 'Change. Chunée at length became mad, and was shot by a
+detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is
+preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4
+inches high.
+
+CHURCH BUILT BY VOLTAIRE. Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney, a
+Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it "_Deo erexit
+Voltaire_." Campbell, in the Life of Cowper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he
+knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines:"
+
+  Nor his who for the bane of thousands born,
+  Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn.
+
+Cowper, _Retirement_ (1782).
+
+CHURM. Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in _Cecil
+Dreeme_. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevolence is the
+Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated.
+--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_ (1861).
+
+CHUZZLEWIT (_Anthony_), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the grandfather.
+Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought up his
+son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two redeeming
+points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and his
+forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him.
+
+The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, Manchester
+warehousemen ... had its place of business in a very narrow street
+somewhere behind the Post Office.... A dim, dirty, smoky, tumble-down,
+rotten old house it was ... but here the firm ... transacted their
+business ... and neither the young man nor the old one had any other
+residence.--Chap. xi.
+
+_Jonas Chuzzlewit_, son of Anthony, of the "firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit
+and Son, Manchester warehousemen." A consummate villain of mean
+brutality and small tyranny. He attempts to poison his old father,
+and murders Montague Tigg, who knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy
+Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life of utter misery. His
+education had been conducted on money-grubbing principles; the first
+word he was taught to spell was _gain_, and the second, _money_. He
+poisons himself to save his neck from the gallows.
+
+This fine young man had all the inclination of a profligate of
+the first water, and only lacked the one good trait in the common
+catalogue of debauched vices--open-handedness--to be a notable
+vagabond. But there his griping and penurious habits stepped
+in.--Chap. xi.
+
+_Martin Chuzzlewit, sen._, grandfather to the hero of the same name.
+A stern old man, whose kind heart has been turned to gall by the dire
+selfishness of his relations. Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he
+goes to live in his house, and pretends to be weak in intellect, but
+keeps his eyes sharp open, and is able to expose the canting scoundrel
+in all his deformity.
+
+_Martin Chuzzlewit, jun._, the hero of the tale called _Martin
+Chuzzlewit_, grandson to old Martin. His nature has been warped by
+bad training, and, at first, he is both selfish and exacting; but the
+troubles and hardships he undergoes in "Eden" completely transform
+him, and he becomes worthy of Mary Graham, whom he marries.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+CYNDO'NAX, a chief druid, whose tomb (with a Greek inscription) was
+discovered near Dijon, in 1598.
+
+CIACCO' (2 _syl._), a glutton, spoken to by Dantê, in the third circle
+of hell, the place in which gluttons are consigned to endless woe. The
+word means "a pig," and is not a proper name, but only a symbolical
+one.--Dantê, _Hell_, vi. (1300).
+
+  Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much.
+  _Hell_, vi.
+
+CICERO. When the great Roman orator was given up by Augustus to the
+revenge of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted the sicarii to
+Formiae, whither Cicero had fled in a litter, intending to put to
+sea. His bearers would have fought, but Cicero forbade them, and one
+Herennius has the unenviable notoriety of being his murderer.
+
+It was a cobbler that set the murderers on Cicero.--Ouida, _Ariadnê_,
+i. 6.
+
+_Cicero of the British Senate_, George Canning (1770-1827).
+
+_Cicero of France_, Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742).
+
+_Cicero of Germany_, John, Elector of Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499).
+
+_Cicero's Mouth_, Philippe Pot, Prime Minister of Louis XL
+(1428-1494).
+
+_The British Cicero_, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778).
+
+_The Christian Cicero_, Lucius Coelius Lactantius (died 330).
+
+_The German Cicero_, Johann Sturm, printer and scholar (1507-1589).
+
+CICELY (_Sweet_). Heroine of novel by Marietta Holley, better known as
+"Josiah Allen's wife." (1885).
+
+_Cicely Humphreys_. Putative daughter of Bothwell and Marie
+Stuart; who is made the companion of her mother's journeyings and
+captivity.--C.M. Yonge, _Unknown to History_ (1885).
+
+CYCLINIUS, mistake in one only manuscript of Chaucer for Cyllenius, a
+name of Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia.
+
+Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in his chevauchie. Chaucer, _Complaint of
+Mars and Venus_.
+
+CID (_The_) = Seid or Signior, also called CAMPEADOR [_Cam.pa'.dor_]
+or "Camp hero." Rodrigue Diaz de Bivar was surnamed "the Cid." The
+great hero of Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and died, 1099.
+He signalized himself by his exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand,
+Sancho II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castille. In the wars between
+Sancho II. and his brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the former;
+and, on the assassination of Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the
+court. He then assembled his vassals and marched against the
+Moors, whom he conquered in several battles, so that Alphonso was
+necessitated to recall him. Both Corneille and Guilhem de Cantro have
+admirable tragedies on the subject; Ross Neil has an English drama
+called _The Cid_; Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 1128 verses,
+called _Poema del Cid Campeador_. Southey, in his _Chronicle of the
+Cid_ (1808), has collected all that is known of this extraordinary
+hero. (It was _The Cid_ (1636) which gained for Corneille the title of
+"Le Grand Corneille.")
+
+_The Cid's Father_, Don Diego Lainez.
+
+_The Cid's Mother_, Doña Teresa Nnñez.
+
+_The Cid's Wife_, Xime'na, daughter of the Count Lozano de Gormaz. The
+French called her _La Belle Chimène_, but the _rôle_ ascribed to her
+by Corneille is wholly imaginary.
+
+  Never more to thine own castle
+  Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein;
+  Never will thy loved Ximena
+  See thee at her side again.
+  _The Cid_.
+
+_The Cid's Children_. His two daughters were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son,
+Diego Rodriquez, died young.
+
+_The Cid's Horse_ was Babieca [either _Bab.i.e'.keh_ or
+_Ba.bee.'keh]._ It survived its master two years and a half, but no
+one was allowed to mount it. Babieca was buried before the monastery
+gates of Valencia, and two elms were planted to mark the spot.
+
+  Troth it goodly was and pleasant
+  To behold him at their head,
+  All in mail on Babieca,
+  And to list the words he said.
+  _The Cid_.
+
+(Here "Babieca" is 4 _syl_., but in the verse above it is only 3
+_syl_.).
+
+_The Cid's Swords_, Cola'da and Tizo'na ("terror of the world"). The
+latter was taken by him from King Bucar.
+
+_Cid (The Portuguese_), Nunez Alva'rez Perei'ra (1360-1431).
+
+CID HAMET BENENGELI, the hypothetical author of _Don Quixote_. (See
+BENENGELI).
+
+Spanish commentators have discovered this pseudonym to be only an
+Arabian version of _Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e._, "signior;" _Hamet_,
+a Moorish prefix; and _Ben-en-geli_, meaning "son of a stag." So
+_cervato_ ("a young stag") is the basis of the name Cervantes.
+
+CIDLI, the daughter of Jairus, restored to life by Jesus. She was
+beloved by Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also raised by Jesus from
+the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iv. (1771).
+
+CIGARETTE. _Vivandiére_ in the French army in Algiers. Passionate,
+wilful, tender and brave, she gives her life to save that of the man
+she loves.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_.
+
+CIMMERIAN DARKNESS. Homer places the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus,
+in a land of never-ending gloom; and immediately after Cimmeria, he
+places the empire of Hadês. Pliny (_Historia Naturalis_, vi. 14)
+places Cimmeria near the Lake Avernus, in Italy, where "the sun never
+penetrates." Cimmeria is now called _Kertch_, but the Cossacks call it
+_Prekla (Hell)._
+
+CINCINNATUS, virtuous Roman patriot called from the plough to serve
+the State.
+
+CINCINNA'TUS OF THE AMERICANS, George Washington (1732-1799).
+
+CINDERELLA, the heroine of a fairy tale. She was the drudge of the
+house, "put upon" by her two elder sisters. While the elder sisters
+were at a ball, a fairy came, and having arrayed the "little
+cinder-girl" in ball costume, sent her in a magnificent coach to the
+palace where the ball was given. The prince fell in love with her,
+but knew not who she was. This, however, he discovered by means of a
+"glass slipper" which she dropped, and which fitted no foot but her
+own.
+
+(This tale is substantially the same as that of _Rhodopis and
+Psammitichus_ in Ælian _[Var. Hist_., xiii., 32]. A similar one is
+also told in Strabo _(Geog._ xvii).)
+
+The _glass_ slipper should be the _fur_ slipper, _pantoufle en vair_,
+not _en verre_; our version being taken from the _Contes de Fees_ of
+C. Perrault (1697).
+
+CINDY, maid-of-all-work in the Derrick household, in Susan Warner's
+_Say and Seal._ With the freedom of Yankee help she is "'boun' to
+confess" whatever occurs to her mind in season and out of season.
+(1860).
+
+CINNA, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille (1637). Mdlle. Rachel, in 1838,
+took the part of Emilie the heroine, and made a great sensation in
+Paris.
+
+CINQ-MARS, (_H. Coiffier de Ruze, marquis de_), favorite of Louis
+XIII. and _protégé_ of Richelieu (1620-1642). Irritated by the
+cardinal's opposition to his marriage with Marie de Gonzague,
+Cinq-Mars tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. Gaston, the king's
+brother, sided with the conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the
+plot, and Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was condemned to death. Alfred de
+Vigny published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of Scott's historical
+novels) on the subject, under the title of _Cinq-Mars._
+
+CINQUECENTO (3 _syl_.), the fifteenth century of Italian notables.
+They were Ariosto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and Giovanni
+Rucellai (1475-1526), _poets_; Raphael (1483-1520), Titian
+(1480-1576), and Michael Angelo (1474-1564), _painters_. These, with
+Machiavelli, Luigi Alamanni, Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is
+termed the "Cinquecentesti." The word means the worthies of the '500
+epoch, and it will be observed that they all flourished between 1500
+and the close of that century. (See SEICENTA).
+
+  Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Venetian
+  writing-table of cinquecento work that
+  would enrapture the souls of the virtuosi who
+  haunt Christie's.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix.
+
+CIPAN'GO OR ZIPANGO, a marvellous island described in the _Voyages_ of
+Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described it as lying some 1500
+miles from land. This island was an object of diligent search with
+Columbus and other early navigators, but belongs to that wonderful
+chart which contains the _El Dorado_ of Sir Walter Raleigh, the
+_Utopia_ of Sir Thomas More, the _Atlantis_ of Lord Bacon, the
+_Laputa_ of Dean Swift, and other places better known in story than in
+geography.
+
+CIRCE (2 _syl_.), a sorceress who metamorphosed the companions of
+Ulysses into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchantment by means of the
+herb _moly_, given him by Mercury.
+
+  Who knows not Circe,
+  The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup
+  Whoever tasted lost his upright shape,
+  And downward fell into a grovelling swine?
+  Milton, _Comus_ (1634).
+
+CIRCUIT _(Serjeant)_, in Foote's farce called _The Lame Lover_.
+
+CIS'LEY or CISS, any dairy-maid. Tusser frequently speaks of the
+"dairy-maid Cisley," and in _April Husbandry_ tells Ciss she must
+carefully keep these ten guests from her cheeses: Gehazi, Lot's wife,
+Argus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and
+bishops. (1)Gehazi, because a cheese should never be a dead white,
+like Gehazi the leper. (2) Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be
+too salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, because a cheese should not be
+full of eyes, like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a cheese should
+not be "hoven and puffed," like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin,
+because a cheese should not be leathery, as if for a cobbler's use.
+(6) Lazarus, because a cheese should not be poor, like the beggar
+Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a cheese should not be hairy, like Esau.
+(8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese should not be full of whey, as Mary
+Maudlin was full of tears. (9) Gentiles, because a cheese should not
+be full of maggots or gentils. (10) Bishops, because a cheese should
+not be made of burnt milk, or milk "banned by a bishop."--T. Tusser,
+_Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, ("April," 1557).
+
+CITIZEN _(The)_, a farce by Arthur Murphy. George Philpot is destined
+to be the husband of Maria Wilding, but as Maria Wilding is in love
+with Beaufort, she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that he refuses
+to marry her, whereupon she gives her hand to Beaufort (1757).
+
+CITY MADAM _(The)_, a comedy by Philip Massinger (1633). She was the
+daughter of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and married a merchant, Sir
+John Frugal, who became immensely wealthy, but retired from business,
+and by a deed of gift transferred his wealth to his brother Luke,
+whereby madam and her daughter were both dependent on him. During her
+days of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal was unbounded, and her
+dress costly beyond conception; but Luke reduced her state to that of
+farmers' daughters in general. Luke says to her:
+
+  You were served in plate;
+  Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going
+  To church, not for devotion, but to show
+  Your pomp.
+
+_The City Madam_ is an extraordinarily spirited picture of actual
+life, idealized into a semi-comic strain of poetry.--Professor
+Spaulding.
+
+CLADPOLE _(Tim)_, Richard Lower, of Chiddingly, author of _Tom
+Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun_ (1831); _Jan Cladpole's Trip to
+'Merricur_ (1844), etc.
+
+CLAIMANT _(The)._ William Knollys, in in _The Great Banbury Case_,
+claimed the baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit lasted 150 years
+(1660-1811).
+
+Douglas _v_. Hamilton, in _The Great Douglas Case_, was settled in
+favor of the claimant, who was at once raised to the peerage under
+the name and title of Baron Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not
+restored to the title of duke (1767-1769).
+
+Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, who had married a servant of
+Sir Hugh Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, claimed the baronetcy
+and estates, but was non-suited and condemned to imprisonment for
+twenty-one years (1853).
+
+Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea).
+He was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for
+perjury (1871-1872).
+
+CLAIRE TWINING, daughter of a refined man, the scion of an old English
+family and a vulgar woman who marries him to escape from poverty.
+After his death, the daughter begins her career of rising in the
+social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow as the first step, a
+well-born husband as the last. The emptiness and vanity of what she
+gained are well set forth in _An Ambitious Woman_, by Edgar Fawcett.
+(1883).
+
+CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE _(The)._ Fanny Sterling, the younger daughter of
+Mr. Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandestinely married to Mr.
+Lovewell, an apprentice in the house, of good family; and Sir John
+Melvil is engaged to Miss Sterling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is
+a guest in the merchant's house. Sir John prefers Fanny to her elder
+sister, and, not knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, but is
+rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop,
+fancies she is in love with him, and tells Sterling he means to make
+her a countess. Matters being thus involved, Lovewell goes to consult
+with Fanny about declaring their marriage, and the sister, convinced
+that Sir John is shut up in her sister's room, rouses the house with
+a cry of "Thieves!" Fanny and Lovewell now make their appearance. All
+parties are scandalized. But Fanny declares they have been married
+four months, and Lord Ogleby takes their part. So all ends well.--G.
+Colman and D. Garrick (1766).
+
+This comedy is a _réchauffé_ of _The False Concord_, by Rev. James
+Townley, many of the characters and much of the dialogue being
+preserved.
+
+CLA'RA, in Otway's comedy called _The Cheats of Scapin_, an English
+version of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Molière, represents the
+French character called "Hyacinthe." Her father is called by Otway
+"Gripe," and by Molière "Géronte" (2 _syl_.); her brother is
+"Leander," in French "Leandre;" and her sweetheart "Octavian" son of
+"Thrifty," in French "Octave" son of "Argante." The sum of money wrung
+from Gripe is £200, but that squeezed out of Géronte is 1,500 livres.
+
+CLARA [D'ALMANZA], daughter of Don Guzman of Seville, beloved by
+Don Ferdinand, but destined by her mother for a cloister. She loves
+Ferdinand, but repulses him from shyness and modesty, quits home and
+takes refuge in St. Catherine's Convent. Ferdinand discovers
+her retreat, and after a few necessary blunders they are
+married.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_ (1773).
+
+_Clara (Donna)_, the troth-plight wife of Octavio. Her affianced
+husband, having killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to lie _perdu_
+for a time, and Clara, assuming her brother's clothes and name, went
+in search of him. Both came to Salamanca, both set up at the Eagle,
+both hired the same servant, Lazarillo, and ere long they met,
+recognized each other, and became man and wife.--Jephson, _Two Strings
+to your Bow_ (1792).
+
+_Clara_ [DOUGLAS], a lovely girl of artless mind, feeling heart, great
+modesty, and well accomplished. She loved Alfred Evelyn, but refused
+to marry him because they were both too poor to support a house.
+Evelyn was left an immense fortune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey,
+but Georgina gave her hand to Sir Frederick Blount. Being thus
+disentangled, Evelyn again proposed to Clara, and was joyfully
+accepted.--Lord L. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+CLARCHEN _[Kler'.kn]_, a female character in Goethe's _Egmont_, noted
+for her constancy and devotion.
+
+CLARE _(Ada)_, cousin of Richard Carstone, both of whom are orphans
+and wards in Chancery. They marry each other, but Richard dies young,
+blighted by the law's delays in the great Chancery suit of "Jarndyce
+_v_. Jarndyce."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CLARENCE _(George Duke of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Anne of
+Geierstein_ (time Edward IV.).
+
+CLARENCE AND THE MALMSEY BUTT. According to tradition, George, Duke of
+Clarence, having joined Warwick to replace Henry VI. on the throne,
+was put to death, and the choice being offered him, was drowned in a
+butt of malmsey wine (1478).
+
+CLARENDON _(The Earl of_), Lord Chancellor to Charles II. Introduced
+by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+CLARIBEL _(Sir)_, surnamed "The Lewd." One of the six knights who
+contended for the false Florimel.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9
+(1593).
+
+_Clar'ibel_, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular
+songs (from 1865 to).
+
+CLAR'ICE (3 _syl_.), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of Bordeaux.
+Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc.
+
+CLARIN OR CLARIN'DA, the confidential maid of Radigund, queen of the
+Am'azons. When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into her power, and made
+him change his armor for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she
+fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair
+promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but
+fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that Sir
+Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn.--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, v. 5 (1596).
+
+CLARINDA, the heroine of Mrs. Centlivre's drama _The Beau's Duel_
+(1703).
+
+[Illustration] "Estifania," in _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_, by
+Beaumont and Fletcher.
+
+_Clarin'da_, a merry, good-humored, high-spirited lady, in love with
+Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin.--Dr. Hoadly, _The
+Suspicious Husband_ (1747).
+
+_Clarinda_ of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833.
+
+CLARION, the son and heir of Muscarol. He was the fairest and most
+prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of Arachnê (the
+spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and
+set himself to destroy him; so, weaving a most curious net, Clarion
+was soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him
+under the left wing.--Spenser _Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate_
+(1590).
+
+CLARIS'SA, wife of Gripe the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine
+city lady, who thinks "a woman must be of mechanic mold who is either
+troubled or pleased with anything her husband can do" (act i. 3). She
+has "wit and beauty, with a fool to her husband," but though "fool," a
+hard, grasping, mean old hunks.
+
+_Claris'sa_, sister of Beverley, plighted to George Bellmont.--A.
+Murphy, _All in the Wrong_, (1761).
+
+CLARISSA HARLOWE. (See HARLOWE.)
+
+CLARK _(The Rev T.)_., the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist (1779
+1839).
+
+CLARKE _(The Rev. C. C.)_, one of the many pseudonyms of Sir Richard
+Phillips, author of _The Hundred Wonders of the World_ (1818),
+_Readings in Natural Philosophy_.
+
+CLARSIE, the mountain maid who, going out at dawn to "try her
+fortune," discovers the "Harnt" that walks Chilhowee.--Charles Egbert
+Craddock (Mary Noailles Murfree), _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1884).
+
+CLA'THO, the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's
+youngest son.
+
+CLAUDE _(The English_), Richard Wilson (1714-1782).
+
+CLAU'DINE (2 _syl_.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour, and
+old nurse of Julio "the deaf and dumb" count. She recognizes the lad,
+who had been rescued by De l'Epée from the streets of Paris, and
+brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian
+Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of
+getting rid of him; but being proved to be the count, he is restored
+to his rank and property.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).
+
+CLAUDIO _(Lord)_ of Florence, a friend of Don Pedro, Prince of
+Arragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, governor of
+Messina)--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Claudio_, condemned to die for betraying his mistress Juliet, tries
+to buy his life at the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor,
+shamefully pursued by Angelo, the Duke's deputy.--Shakespeare,
+_Measure for Measure_.
+
+CLAU'DIUS, King of Denmark, who poisoned his brother, married the
+widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius induced Laertes to challenge
+Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In
+the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the
+poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet,
+Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to
+give Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of
+this cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him
+and cried aloud, "Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane.... Follow my
+mother!"--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596). [Illustration] In the _History
+of Hamblet_, Claudius is called "Fengon," a far better name for a
+Dane.
+
+_Claudius_, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping
+Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been
+stolen from him and sold to Virginius.--J. S. Knowles, _Virginius_
+(1820).
+
+_Claudius (Mathias)_, a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of
+the famous song called _Rheinweinlied_ ("Rhenish wine song"), sung at
+all convivial feasts of the Germans.
+
+  Claudius, though he sang of flagons,
+  And huge tankards filled with Rhenish,
+  From the fiery blood of dragons
+  Never would his own replenish.
+  Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+CLAUS _(Peter)._ (See under K.)
+
+_Claus (Santa)_, a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of
+children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed
+away in their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little
+credulous ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there.
+
+St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with
+marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother,
+and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the
+gift-giver on Christmas Eve.--Yonge.
+
+"CLAVERHOUSE," or the Marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood,
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William
+III.).
+
+_Claver'house_ (3 _syl_.), John Graham of Claverhouse (Viscount
+Dundee), a relentless Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent
+in temper and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name.
+He hunted the Covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is a by-word
+for barbarity and cruelty (1650-1689).
+
+CLAVIJO _(Don)_, a cavalier who "could touch the guitar to admiration,
+write poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine genius for making
+bird-cages." He married the Princess Antonomesia of Candaya, and was
+metamorphosed by Malambruno into a crocodile of some unknown metal.
+Don Quixote disenchanted him "by simply attempting the adventure."--
+Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+CLAVILEN'O, the wooden horse on which Don Quixote got astride in order
+to disenchant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the Countess
+Trifaldi (called the "Dolori'da Dueña"). It was "the very horse
+on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalone, and was
+constructed by Merlin." This horse was called Clavileno or wooden Peg,
+because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead.--Cervantes,
+_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse; he neither eats,
+drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing.... His name is not Pegasus, nor
+Bucephalus; nor is it Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando
+Furioso; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de
+Montalbon; nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun; but his
+name is Clavileno the Winged.--Chap. 4.
+
+CLAYPOLE _(Noah), alias_ "Morris Bolter," an ill-conditioned
+charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop and
+receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he
+afterwards marries.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+CLAY AND RANDOLPH. In his _Thirty Years' View_, Thomas Hart Benton
+gives a graphic description of the famous duel between Henry Clay and
+John Randolph, of Roanoke (April 8, 1826).
+
+After two shots had been exchanged without injury to either, the two
+statesmen shook hands, Randolph remarking: "You owe me a coat, Mr.
+Clay," a bullet having passed through his; and Mr. Clay answered: "I
+am glad the debt is no greater!" (1854).
+
+CLEANTE (2 _syl_.), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished
+for his genuine piety, and is both high-minded and
+compassionate.--Molière, _La Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+_Cléante_ (2 _Syl._), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane
+(3 _syl_.). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same
+young lady, but Cléante solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a casket
+of gold from the garden, hidden under a tree by the miser, and while
+Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cléante told him
+he might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser
+preferred the casket, which was restored to him, and Cléante married
+Mariane.--Molière, _L'Avar_ (1667).
+
+_Cléante_ (2 _syl_.), the lover of Angelique, daughter of Argan the
+_malade imaginaire_. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to
+Thomas Diafoirus, a young surgeon, Cléante carries on his love as a
+music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each
+other their plans under the guise of an interlude called "Tircis and
+Philis." Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter
+with Cléante.--Molière, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+CLEAN'THE (2 _syl_.), sister of Siphax of Paphos.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+_Cleanthe_ (3 _syl_.), the lady beloved by Ion.--Talfourd, _Ion_
+(1835).
+
+CLEAN'THES (3 _syl_.), son of Leon'idês and husband of Hippolita,
+noted for his filial piety. The Duke of Epire made a law that all
+men who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as useless
+incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonidês, a young libertine,
+admired the law, but Cleanthês looked on it with horror, and
+determined to save his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave
+out that his father was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place;
+but Cleanthês retired to a wood, where he concealed Leon'idês, while
+he and his wife waited on him and administered to his wants.--_The
+Old Law_ (a comedy of Philip Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley,
+1620).
+
+CLEGG _(Holdfast)_, a Puritan mill-wright.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of
+the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CLEISH'BOTHAM _(Jededi'ah)_, schoolmaster and parish clerk of
+Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit
+the tales told by the landlord of the Wallace Inn of the same parish.
+These tales the editor disposed in three series, called by the general
+title of _The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.)._ (See introduction to
+_The Black Dwarf_.) Of course the real author is Sir Walter Scott
+(1771-1832).
+
+_Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham_, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect
+Xantippê, and a "sworn sister of the Eumen'idês."
+
+CLE'LIA OR CLOE'LIA, a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to
+Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming
+across the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set
+her at liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her
+a part of the hostages. Mdlle. Scudéri has a novel on the subject,
+entitled _Clélie, Histoire Romaine_.
+
+  Our statues--not those that men desire--
+  Sleek odalisques _[Turkish slaves_] ... but
+  The Carian Artemisia ... _[See Artemisia_.]
+  Clelia, Cornelia ... and the Roman brows
+  Of Agrippina.
+
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+_Cle'lia_, a vain, frivolous female butterfly, with a smattering of
+everything. In youth she was a coquette; and when youth was passed,
+tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success.--Crabbe,
+_Borough_ (1810).
+
+CLELIE (2 _syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle. Scudéri.
+(See CLELIA.)
+
+CLEMENT, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Clem'ent (Justice)_, a man quite able to discern between fun and
+crime. Although he had the weakness "of justices' justice." he had not
+the weakness of ignorant vulgarity.
+
+_Knowell_. They say he will commit a man for taking the wall of his
+horse.
+
+_Wellbred_. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving
+God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humor.--B.
+Jonson, _Every Man in His Humor_, iii. 2 (1598).
+
+CLEMENTI'NA _(The Lady_), an amiable, delicate, beautiful,
+accomplished, but unfortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir Charles
+Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Byron.--S. Richardson, _The
+History of Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753).
+
+Cle'ofas (_Don_), the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled _Le Diable
+Boiteux_ (_The Devil on Two Sticks_). A fiery young Spaniard, proud,
+high-spirited and revengeful; noted for gallantry but not without
+generous sentiment. Asmode'us (4 _syl_.) shows him what is going on in
+private families by unroofing the houses (1707).
+
+CLEOM'BROTUS or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia, (in Epirus). Having read
+Plato's book on the soul's immortality and happiness in another life,
+he was so ravished with the description that he leaped into the sea
+that he might die and enjoy Plato's elysium.
+
+  He who to enjoy
+  Plato's elysium leaped into the sea,
+  Cleombrotus.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 471, etc. (1665).
+
+CLEOM'ENES (4 _syl_.), the hero and title of a drama by Dryden (1692).
+As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to him:
+"If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have spent
+my time like your Spartan hero." "Perhaps not," said the poet, "but
+you are not my hero."--W. C. Russell, _Representative Actors_.
+
+_Cleom'enes_ (4 _syl_.). "The Venus of Cleomenês" is now called "The
+Venus de Medici." Such a mere moist lump was once ... "the Venus of
+Cleomenês."--Ouida, _Ariadné_, i. 8.
+
+CLE'ON, governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia
+by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na,
+daughter of Per'iclês, Prince of Tyre.--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince
+of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+_Cle'on_, the personification of Glory.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_.
+
+CLEOP'ATRA, Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother.
+She was driven from her throne, but re-established by Julius Cæsar,
+B.C. 47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to
+live with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of
+Actium, Cleopatra killed herself by an asp.
+
+E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called _Cléopâtre Captive_
+(1550); Jean Mairet one called _Cléopâtre_ (1630); Isaac de Benserade
+(1670); J. F. Marmontel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote
+tragedies in French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a
+tragedy in English called _Cleopatra_; Shakespeare one called _Antony
+and Cleopatra_ (1608); and Dryden one on the same subject, called _All
+for Love_ or _the World Well Lost_ (1682).
+
+[Illustration] Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg (Margaret) Woffington
+(1718-1760) were unrivalled in this character.
+
+_Cleopatra and the Pearl_. The tale is that Cleopatra made a sumptuous
+banquet, which excited the surprise of Antony; whereupon the queen
+took a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid and drank the
+liquor to the health of the triumvir, saying: "My draught to Antony
+shall exceed in value the whole banquet."
+
+[Illustration] When Queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, Sir Thomas
+Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious
+stone crushed to atoms, and worth £15,000.
+
+Here £15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar; Gresham drinks the
+pearl Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it; love it!--Th. Heywood,
+_If You Know not Me. You Know Nobody_.
+
+_Cleopatra in Hades_. Cleopatra, says Rabelais, is "a crier of onions"
+in the shades below. The Latin for a pearl and onion is _unio_, and
+the pun refers to Cleopatra giving her _pearl_ (or _onion_) to Antony
+in a draught of wine, or, as some say, drinking it herself in toasting
+her lover.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 30 (1553).
+
+_Cleopat'ra_, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of
+Egypt. She first married Alexander Bala, the usurper (B.C. 149); next
+Deme'trius Nica'nor. Demetrius, being taken prisoner by the Parthians,
+married Rodogune (3 _syl_.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 _syl_.) the
+Parthian king, and Cleopatra married Antiochus Sidetês, brother of
+Demetrius. She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) for treason, and
+as this produced a revolt, abdicated in favor of her second son,
+Anti'ochus VIII., who compelled her to drink poison which she had
+prepared for himself. P. Corneille has made this the subject of his
+tragedy called _Rodogune_ (1646).
+
+[Illustration] This is not the Cleopatra of Shakespeare's and Dryden's
+tragedies.
+
+_Cleopatra_. In his _Graffiti d'Italia_, William Wetmore Story gives a
+passionate soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, beginning:--
+
+  "Here, Charmian, take my bracelets;
+  They bar with a purple stain
+  My arms."
+
+  (1868).
+
+CLERE'MONT (2 _syl_.), a merry gentleman, the friend of
+Dinant'.--"Beaumont and Fletcher" _The Little French Lawyer_ (1547).
+
+CLER'IMOND, niece of the Green Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the giant,
+and bride of Valentine the brave.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+CLERKS _(St. Nicholas's)_, thieves, also called "St. Nicholas's
+Clergymen," in allusion to the tradition of "St. Nicholas and the
+thieves." Probably a play on the words _Nich-olas_ and _Old Nick_ may
+be designed.--See Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_. act ii. sc. 1 (1597).
+
+CLESS'AMMOR, son of Thaddu and brother of Morna (Fingal's mother). He
+married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir (the principal man of Balclutha,
+on the Clyde). It so happened that Moina was beloved by a Briton named
+Reuda, who came with an army to carry her off. Reuda was slain by
+Clessammor; but Clessammor, being closely pressed by the Britons,
+fled, and never again saw his bride. In due time a son was born,
+called Carthon; but the mother died. While Carthon was still an
+infant, Fingal's father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reuthama
+(Carthon's grandfather). While the boy grew to manhood, he determined
+on vengeance; accordingly he invaded Morven, the kingdom of Fingal,
+where Clessammor, not knowing who he was, engaged him in single
+combat, and slew him. When he discovered that it was his son,
+three days he mourned for him, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian,
+_Carthon_.
+
+CLEVE'LAND _(Barbara Villiers, Duchess of)_, one of the mistresses of
+Charles II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_.
+
+_Cleve'land_ (Captain Clement), alias Vaughan [_Vawn_], "the pirate,"
+son of Norna of the Fitful Head. He is in love with Minna Troil
+(daughter of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland).--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Pirate_ (time, William III).
+
+CLEVER, the man-servant of Hero Sutton, "the city maiden." When Hero
+assumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called himself Obadiah, and
+pretended to be a rigid quaker also. His constant exclamation was
+"Umph! "--S. Knowles, _Woman's Wit, etc_. (1838).
+
+Clifford _(Sir Thomas_), betrothed to Julia (daughter of Master Walter
+"the hunchback"). He is wise, honest, truthful, and well-favored,
+kind, valiant, and prudent.--S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).
+
+_Clifford, (Mr.)_, the heir of Sir William Charlton in right of his
+mother, and in love with Lady Emily Gayville. The scrivener Alscrip
+had fraudulently got possession of the deeds of the Charlton estates,
+which he had given to his daughter called "the heiress," and which
+amounted to £2000 a year; but Rightly, the lawyer, discovered the
+fraud, and "the heiress" was compelled to relinquish this part of
+her fortune. Clifford then proposed to Lady Emily, and was
+accepted.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_. (1781).
+
+_Clifford (Paul)_, a highwayman, reformed by the power of love.--Lord
+Lytton, _Paul Clifford_ (1830).
+
+_Clifford (Rosamond)_, usually called "The Fair Rosamond," the
+favorite mistress of Henry II.; daughter of Walter Lord Clifford. She
+is introduced by Tennyson in his tragedy _Becket_. Miss Terry acted
+the part. Dryden says:
+
+  _Jane_ Clifford was her name, as books aver,
+  "Fair Rosamond" was but her _nom de guerre.
+
+Epilogue to Henry II_.
+
+_Clifford (Henry Lord_), a general in the English army.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+CLIFTON (_Harry_), lieutenant of H.M. ship _Tiger_. A daring, dashing,
+care-for-nobody young English sailor, delighting in adventure, and
+loving a good scrape. He and his companion Mat Mizen take the side of
+El Hyder, and help to re-establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi, who
+had been dethroned by Hamlet Abdulerim.--Barrymore, _El Hyder, Chief
+of the Ghaut Mountains_.
+
+CLIM OF THE CLOUGH. (See CLYM).
+
+CLINK (_Jem_), the turnkey at Newgate.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the
+Peak_ (time, Charles II).
+
+CLINKER (_Humphry_), a poor work-house lad, put out by the parish as
+apprentice to a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as an ostler's
+assistant and extra postilion. Being dismissed from the stables, he
+enters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, grumpy, but kind-hearted
+and generous old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. Here he falls
+in love with Winifred Jenkins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and turns
+out to be a natural son of Mr. Bramble.--T. Smollett, _The Expedition
+of Humphry Clinker_ (1771.)
+
+CLIP'PURSE (_Lawyer_), the lawyer employed by Sir Everard Waverley to
+make his will.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+CLIQUOT (_Klee'ko_), a nickname given by _Punch_ to Frederick William
+IV. of Prussia, from his love of champagne of the "Cliquot brand"
+(1795, 1840-1861).
+
+CLITANDRE, a wealthy bourgeois, in love with Henriette, "the thorough
+woman," by whom he is beloved with fervent affection. Her elder
+sister, Armande (2 _syl_.), also loves him, but her love is of the
+platonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife the warmth of woman's
+love to the marble of philosophic ideality.--Molière, _Les Femmes
+Savantes_ (1672).
+
+CLOACI'NA, the presiding personification of city sewers. (Latin,
+_cloaca_, "a sewer.")
+
+  ...Cloacina, goddess of the tide,
+  Whose sable streams beneath the city glide.
+
+  Gay, _Trivia_, ii. (1712).
+
+CLOD'DIPOLE (3 _syl_.), "the wisest lout of all the neighboring
+plain." Appointed to decide the contention between Cuddy and Lobbin
+Clout.
+
+  From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies,
+  To know when hail will fall, or winds arise;
+  He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view,
+  When struck aloft that showers would straight ensue.
+  He first that useful secret did explain,
+  That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain;
+  When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air,
+  He told us that the welkin would be clear.
+
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+(Cloddipole is the "Palaemon" of Virgil's _Ecl._ iii.).
+
+CLO'DIO _(Count)_, governor. A dishonorable pursuer of Zeno'cia, the
+chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+_Clodio_, the younger son of Don Antonio, a coxcomb and braggart.
+Always boasting of his great acquaintances, his conquests, and
+his duels. His snuff-box he thinks more of than his lady-love, he
+interlards his speech with French, and exclaims "Split me!" by way of
+oath. Clodio was to have married Angelina, but the lady preferred
+his elder brother, Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio engaged himself to
+Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_ (1694).
+
+CLO'E, in love with the shepherd, Thenot, but Thenot rejects her suit
+out of admiration of the constancy of Clorinda for her dead lover. She
+is wanton, coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of Clorinda, who is
+a virtuous, chaste, and faithful shepherdess. ("Thenot," the final _t_
+is sounded.)--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610). (See
+CHLOE).
+
+CLO'RA, sister of Fabrit'io, the merry soldier, and the sprightly
+companion of Frances (sister to Frederick).--Beaumont and Fletcher,
+_The Captain_ (1613).
+
+CLORIDA'NO, a humble Moorish youth, who joined Medo'ro in seeking the
+body of King Dardinello to bury it. Medoro being wounded, Cloridano
+rushed madly into the ranks of the enemy and was slain.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+CLORIN'DA, daughter of Sena'pus of Ethiopia (a Christian). Being born
+white, her mother changed her for a black child. The Eunuch Arse'tes
+(3 _syl_.) was entrusted with the infant Clorinda, and as he was going
+through a forest, saw a tiger, dropped the child, and sought safety in
+a tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled it, after which the
+eunuch carried the child to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by the
+Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in
+love with her, but slew her unknowingly in a night attack. Before she
+expired she received Christian baptism at the hands of Tancred, who
+greatly mourned her death.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xii. (1675).
+
+(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from the _Theag'anês and
+Charicle'a_ of Heliodorus Bishop of Trikka).
+
+_Clorinda_, "the faithful shepherdess" called "The Virgin of the
+Grove," faithful to her buried love. From this beautiful character
+Milton has drawn his "lady" in _Comus_. Compare the words of the
+"First Brother" about chastity, in Milton's _Comus_, with these lines
+of Clorinda:
+
+  Yet I have heard (my mother told it me),
+  And now I do believe it, if I keep
+  My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair,
+  No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend,
+  Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves
+  Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion
+  Draw me to wander after idle fires,
+  Or voices calling me in dead of night
+  To make me follow and so tole me on
+  Through mire and standing-pools, to find my ruin.
+  ...Sure there's a power
+  In the great name of Virgin that binds fast
+  All rude, uncivil bloods.... Then strong Chastity,
+  Be thou my strongest guard.
+
+--J. Fletcher,--_The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610).
+
+CLORIS, the damsel beloved by Prince Prettyman.--Duke of Buckingham,
+_The Rehearsal_ (1671).
+
+CLOTAIRE (2 _syl_). The King of France exclaimed on his death-bed:
+"Oh, how great must be the King of Heaven, if He can kill so mighty a
+monarch as I am!"--_Gregory of Tours_, iv. 21.
+
+CLOTEN or CLOTON, King of Cornwall, one of the five kings of Britain
+after the extinction of the line of Brute (1 _syl_.).--Geoffrey,
+_British History_, ii. 17 (1142).
+
+_Cloten_, a vindictive lout, son of the second wife of Cymbeline by a
+former husband. He is noted for "his unmeaning frown, his shuffling
+gait, his burst of voice, his bustling insignificance, his
+fever-and-ague fits of valor, his froward tetchiness, his unprincipled
+malice, and occasional gleams of good sense." Cloten is the rejected
+lover of Imogen (the daughter of his father-in-law by his first wife),
+and is slain in a duel by Guiderius.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CLOTHA'RIUS or CLOTHAIRE, leader of the Franks after the death of
+Hugo. He is shot with an arrow by Clorinda.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_, xi. (1675).
+
+_Cloud (St.)_, patron saint of nail-smiths. A play on the French word
+_clou_ ("a nail").
+
+CLOUDES'LEY _(William of_), a famous north-country archer, the
+companion of Adam Bell and Clym of the Clough. Their feats of robbery
+were chiefly carried on in Englewood Forest, near Carlisle. William
+was taken prisoner at Carlisle, and was about to be hanged, but was
+rescued by his two companions. The three then went to London to ask
+pardon of the King, which at the Queen's intercession was granted. The
+King begged to see specimens of their skill in archery, and was so
+delighted therewith, that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the
+other two "yemen of his chambre." The feat of William was very similar
+to that of William Tell _(q.v.)._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 1.
+
+CLOUT _(Colin)_, a shepherd loved by Marian "the parson's maid,"
+but for whom Colin (who loved Cicily) felt no affection. (See COLIN
+CLOUT).
+
+  Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed,
+  Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed;
+  In every wood his carols sweet were known,
+  At every wake his nimble feats were shown.
+
+Gay, _Pastoral_, ii. (1714).
+
+_Clout (Loblin)_, a shepherd in love with Blouzelinda. He challenged
+Cuddy to a contest of song in praise of their respective sweethearts,
+and Cloddipole was appointed umpire. Cloddipole was unable to award
+the prize, for each merited "an oaken staff for his pains." "Have
+done, however, for the herds are weary of the song, and so am
+I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+CLOYSE _(Goody)._ A pious and exemplary dame, especially well-versed
+in the catechism, who, in Goodman Brown's fantasy of the witches'
+revel in the forest, joins him on his way thither, and croaks over
+the loss of her broomstick, which was "all anointed with the juice of
+small-age and cinquefoil and wolf's bane--" "Mingled with fine wheat
+and the fat of a new-born babe," says another shape.--Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854).
+
+CLUB-BEARER _(The)_, Periphe'tes, the robber of Ar'golis, who murdered
+his victims with an iron club.--_Greek Fable_.
+
+CLUMSEY _(Sir Tunbelly_), father of Miss Hoyden. A mean, ill-mannered
+squire and justice of the peace, living near Scarborough. Most
+cringing to the aristocracy, whom he toadies and courts. Sir Tunbelly
+promises to give his daughter in marriage to Lord Foppington, but
+Tom Fashion, his lordship's younger brother, pretends to be Lord
+Foppington, gains admission to the family and marries her. When the
+real Lord Foppington arrives he is treated as an imposter, but Tom
+confesses the ruse. His lordship treats the knight with such ineffable
+contempt, that Sir Tunbelly's temper is aroused, and Tom is received
+into high favor.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).
+
+[Illustration] This character appears in Vanbrugh's _Relapse_,
+of which comedy the _Trip to Scarborough_ is an abridgment and
+adaptation.
+
+CLU'RICAUNE (3 _syl_.), an Irish elf of evil disposition, especially
+noted for his knowledge of hidden treasure. He generally assumes the
+appearance of a wrinkled old man.
+
+CLUTTERBUCK (_Captain_), the hypothetical editor of some of Sir Walter
+Scott's novels, as _The Monastery_ and _The Fortunes of Nigel_.
+Captain Clutterbuck is a retired officer, who employs himself in
+antiquarian researches and literary idleness. _The Abbot_ is dedicated
+by the "author of _Waverley_" to "Captain Clutterbuck," late of his
+majesty's--infantry regiment.
+
+CLYM OF THE CLOUGH ("_Clement of the Cliff_"), noted outlaw,
+associated with Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in Englewood
+Forest, near Carlisle. When William was taken prisoner at Carlisle,
+and was about to be hanged, Adam and Clym shot the magistrates, and
+rescued their companion. The mayor with his _posse_ went out against
+them, but they shot the mayor, as they had done the sheriff, and
+fought their way out of the town. They then hastened to London to
+beg pardon of the king, which was granted them at the queen's
+intercession. The king, wishing to see a specimen of their shooting,
+was so delighted at their skill that he made William a "gentleman of
+fe," and the other two "yemen of his chambre."--Percy, _Reliques_
+("Adam Bell," etc., I. ii. 1).
+
+CLY'TIE, a water-nymph in love with Apollo. Meeting with no return,
+she was changed into a sunflower, or rather a _tournesol_, which still
+turns to the sun, following him through his daily course.
+
+The sunflower does not turn to the sun. On the same stem may be seen
+flowers in every direction, and not one of them shifts the direction
+in which it has first opened. T. Moore (1814) says:
+
+  The sunflower turns on her god when he sets,
+  The same look which she turned when he rose.
+
+This may do in poetry, but it is not correct. The sunflower is so
+called simply because the flower resembles a pictured sun.
+
+Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom Moore's error, and enlarged it:
+
+  Behold, my dear, this lofty flower,
+  That now the golden sun receives;
+  No other deity has power,
+  But only Phoebus, on her leaves;
+  As he in radiant glory burns,
+  From east to west her visage turns.
+
+_The Sunflower_.
+
+CLYTUS, an old officer in the army of Philip of Macedon, and
+subsequently in that of Alexander. At a banquet, when both were heated
+with wine, Clytus said to Alexander, "Philip fought men, but Alexander
+women," and after some other insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed
+the old soldier; but instantly repented and said:
+
+  What has my vengeance done?
+  Who is it thou hast slain? Clytus? What was he
+  The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor,
+  The bravest soldier. He who saved my life
+  Fighting bare-headed at the river Granic.
+  For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine,
+  The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain,--
+  Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver!
+
+N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. 2 (1678).
+
+CNE'US, the Roman officer in command of the guard set to watch the
+tomb of Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the body, and then
+declare that it had risen from the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_,
+xiii. (1771). CO'AN (_The_), Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine"
+(B.C. 460-357).
+
+  ... the great Coan, him whom Nature made
+  To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [_man_].
+
+Dantê, _Purgatory_, xxix. (1308).
+
+CO'ANOCOT'ZIN (_5 syl_.), King of the Az'tecas. Slain in battle by
+Madoc.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+CO'ATEL, daughter of Acul'hua, a priest of the Az'tecas, and wife
+of Lincoya. Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled for refuge to
+Madoc, the Welsh Prince, who had recently landed on the North American
+coast, and was kindly treated by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic
+interest in the White strangers, and she was not backward in showing
+it. Then, when young Hoel was kidnapped, and confined in a cavern to
+starve to death, Coatel visited him and took him food. Again, when
+Prince Madoc was entrapped, she contrived to release him, and assisted
+the prince to carry off young Hoel. After the defeat of the Az'tecas
+by the White strangers, the chief priest declared that some one had
+proved a traitor, and resolved to discover who it was by handing round
+a cup, which he said would be harmless to the innocent, but death to
+the guilty. When it was handed to Coatel, she was so frightened that
+she dropped down dead. Her father stabbed himself, and "fell upon his
+child," and when Lincoya heard thereof, he flung himself down from a
+steep precipice on to the rocks below.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+COBB (_Ephraim_), in Cromwell's troop.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, Commonwealth).
+
+COBBLER-POET (_The_), Hans Sachs, of Nuremberg. (See TWELVE WISE
+MASTERS).
+
+COBHAM (_Eleanor_), wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and aunt of
+King Henry VI., compelled to do penance barefoot in a sheet in
+London, and after that to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, for
+"sorcery." In _2 Henry VI_., Shakespeare makes Queen Margaret "box
+her ears," but this could not be, as Eleanor was banished three years
+before Margaret came to England.
+
+  Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Gloster's wife ...
+  You, madam ... despoiled of your honor ...
+  Shall, after three days' open penance done,
+  Live in your country, here in banishment,
+  With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man.
+
+Shakespeare, _2 Henry VI_. act ii. sc. 3 (1591).
+
+COCK OF WESTMINSTER (_The_). Castell, a shoemaker, was so called
+from his very early hours. He was one of the benefactors of Christ's
+Hospital (London).
+
+COCKER (_Edward_), published a useful treatise on arithmetic, in the
+reign of Charles II., which had a prodigious success, and has given
+rise to the proverb, "According to Cocker" (1632-1675).
+
+COCKLE (_Sir John_), the miller of Mansfield, and keeper of Sherwood
+Forest. Hearing a gun fired one night, he went into the forest,
+expecting to find poachers, and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who had
+been hunting and had got separated from his courtiers. When the miller
+discovered that his captor was not a poacher, he offered him a night's
+lodging. Next day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's house by
+under-keepers, to be examined as poachers, and it was then discovered
+that the miller's guest was the king. The "merry monarch" knighted the
+miller, and settled on him 1000 marks a year.--R. Dodsley, _The King
+and the Miller of Mansfield_ (1737).
+
+Cockney (_Nicholas_), a rich city grocer, brother of Barnacle.
+Priscilla Tomboy, of the West Indies, is placed under his charge for
+her education.
+
+_Walter Cockney_, son of the grocer, in the shop. A conceited young
+prig, not yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes boy-love to
+Priscilla Tomboy and Miss La Blond; but says he will "tell papa" if
+they cross him.
+
+_Penelope Cockney_, sister of Walter.--_The Romp_ (altered from
+Bickerstaff's _Love in the City_).
+
+Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a model wife. Coelebs is the hero
+of a novel, by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled _Coelebs in Search of a
+Wife_ (1809).
+
+  In short, she was a walking calculation,
+  Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their covers,
+  Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education.
+  Or "Coelebs' wife" set out in quest of lovers.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 16 (1819).
+
+COEUR DE LION, Surname of Richard of England (1157-1199.) Also
+conferred upon Louis VIII. of France.
+
+COFFIN (_Long Tom_), the best sailor character ever drawn. He is
+introduced in _The Pilot_, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. Cooper's
+novel has been dramatized by E. Fitzball, under the same name, and
+Long Tom Coffin preserves in the burletta his reckless daring, his
+unswerving fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and his love for the
+sea.
+
+COGIA HOUSSAIN, the captain of forty thieves, outwitted by Morgiana,
+the slave. When, in the guise of a merchant, he was entertained by
+Ali Baba, and refused to eat any salt, the suspicions of Morgiana was
+aroused, and she soon detected him to be the captain of the forty
+thieves. After supper she amused her master and his guest with
+dancing; then playing with Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it
+suddenly into his heart and killed him.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba
+or the Forty Thieves").
+
+COL'AX. Flattery personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by Phineas
+Fletcher. Colax "all his words with sugar spices ... lets his tongue
+to sin, and takes rent of shame ... His art [_was_] to hide and not
+to heal a sore." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _kolax_, "a
+flatterer or fawner.")
+
+COLBRAND or COLEBROND (_2 syl_.), the Danish giant, slain in the
+presence of King Athelstan, by Sir Guy of Warwick, just returned
+from a pilgrimage, still "in homely russet clad," and in his hand a
+"hermit's staff." The combat is described at length by Drayton, in his
+_Polyolbion_, xii.
+
+  One could scarcely bear his axe ...
+  Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted with steel,
+  And armed down along with pikes, whose hardened points
+  ... had power to tear the joints
+  Of cuirass or of mail.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+COLDSTREAM (_Sir Charles_), the chief character in Charles Mathew's
+play called _Used up_. He is wholly _ennuyé_, sees nothing to admire
+in anything; but is a living personification of mental inanity and
+physical imbecility.
+
+COLE (_1 syl._), a legendary British king, described as "a merry old
+soul," fond of his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his "fiddlers
+three." There were two kings so called--Cole (or Coïl I.) was the
+predecessor of Porrex; but Coïl II. was succeeded by Lucius, "the
+first British king who embraced the Christian religion." Which of
+these two mythical kings the song refers to is not evident.
+
+_Cole (Mrs.)_. This character is designed for Mother Douglas, who kept
+a "gentlemen's magazine of frail beauties" in a superbly furnished
+house at the north-east corner of Covent Garden. She died 1761.--S.
+Foote, _The Minor_ (1760).
+
+COLEIN (_2 syl._), the great dragon slain by Sir Bevis of
+Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+COLEMI'RA (_3 syl._), a poetical name for a cook. The word is
+compounded of _coal_ and _mire_.
+
+  "Could I," he cried "express how bright a grace
+  Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face,
+  Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore,
+  And yield me love, or wash thy face no more."
+
+  Shenstone, _Colemira_ (an eclogue).
+
+COLE'PEPPER (_Captain_) or CAPTAIN PEPPERCULL, the Alsatian
+bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+COLIN, or in Scotch CAILEN, _Green Colin_, the laird of Dunstaffnage,
+so called from the green colour which prevailed in his tartan.
+
+COLIN AND ROSALINDE. In _The Shephearde's Calendar_ (1579), by Edm.
+Spenser, Rosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by Colin Clout, as her
+choice was already fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Rosalinde is an
+anagram of "Rose Danil," a lady beloved by Spenser (_Colin Clout_),
+but Rose Danil had already fixed her affections on John Florio the
+Resolute, whom she subsequently married.
+
+  And I to thee will be as kind
+  As Colin was to Rosalinde,
+  Of courtesie the flower.
+
+  M. Drayton, _Dowsabel_ (1593)
+
+COLIN CLOUT, the pastoral name assumed by the poet Spenser, in _The
+Shephearde's Calendar, The Ruins of Time, Daphnaida_, and in the
+pastoral poem called _Colin Clout's come home again_ (from his visit
+to Sir Walter Raleigh). Ecl. i. and xii. are soliloquies of Colin,
+being lamentations that Rosalinde will not return his love. Ecl. vi.
+is a dialogue between Hobbinol and Colin, in which the former tries to
+comfort the disappointed lover. Ecl. xi. is a dialogue between Thenot
+and Colin, Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay; but Colin pleads
+grief for the death of the sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody on
+the great sheperdess deceased. In ecl. vi. we are told that Rosalinde
+has betrothed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579).
+
+In the last book of the _Faery Queen_, we have a reference to "Colin
+and his lassie," (Spenser and his wife) supposed to be Elizabeth, and
+elsewhere called "Mirabella" See CLOUT, etc.
+
+_Colin Clout and his lassie_, referred to in the last book of the
+_Faery Queen_, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called
+"Mirabella" (1596).
+
+COLIN CLOUT'S COME HOME AGAIN. "Colin Clout" is Spenser, who had
+been to London on a visit to "the Shepherd of the Ocean" (Sir Walter
+Raleigh), in 1589; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote
+this poem. "Hobbinol," his friend (Gabriel Harvey, L.L.D.), tells him
+how all the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him
+and them his adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy
+of British contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of Queen
+Elizabeth (1591). (See COLYN.)
+
+COLIN TAMPON, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an
+Englishman, etc.
+
+COLKITTO (_Young_), or "Vich Alister More," or "Alister M'Donnell,"
+a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of
+Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+COLLEAN (_May_), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how
+"fause Sir John" carried her to a rock for the purpose of throwing her
+down into the sea; but May outwitted him, and subjected him to the
+same fate he had designed for her.
+
+COLLEEN', _i.e._ "girl;" Colleen bawn ("the blond girl"); Colleen rhue
+("the red-haired girl"), etc.
+
+[Illustration] Dion Boucicault has a drama entitled _The Colleen
+Bawn_, founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel _The Collegians_.
+
+COLLIER _(Jem)_, a smuggler.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.)
+
+COLLINGWOOD AND THE ACORNS. Collingwood never saw a vacant place in
+his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it
+in.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+COLMAL, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord of Teutha _(the Tweed_). Her
+father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young
+sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house; but when
+grown to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them,
+and he shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed,
+intending to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set
+him free, and the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal.
+Fingal sent Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar; but when Dunthalmo
+heard thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive,
+was bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in
+marriage to Colmal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of
+Teutha.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+COLMAR, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was murdered
+by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in his
+banquet hall; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his own
+house. When grown to manhood, he thought he observed mischief in their
+looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the banks
+of the Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love with
+Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to
+crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succor could arrive,
+Dunthalmo had Colmar brought before him, "bound with a thousand
+thongs," and slew him with his spear.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal._
+
+COLNA-DONA ("_love of heroes_"), daughter of King Car'ul. Fingal sent
+Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona,
+to perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul
+invited the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with
+Colna-Dona. The passion being mutual, the father consented to their
+espousals.--Ossian, _Colna-Dona._
+
+COLOGNE _(The three kings of_), the three Magi, called Gaspar,
+Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Gaspar means "the white one." Melchior,
+"king of light;" Balthazar, "lord of treasures." Klop-stock, in _The
+Messiah_, says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima,
+Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith.
+
+[Illustration] The "three" Magi are variously named; thus one
+tradition gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus; another calls
+them Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; a third says they were Ator,
+Sator, and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of
+Balaam the Mesopotamian prophet.
+
+COLON, one of the rabble leaders in _Hudibras_, is meant for Noel
+Perryan or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan "of low
+morals," and very fond of bear-baiting.
+
+COLONNA (_The Marquis of_), a high-minded, incorruptible noble of
+Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that his oily courtiers are
+vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludovico, his chief
+minister and favorite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and
+Ludovico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna,
+of his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With
+this view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadnê (the
+sister of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards
+Evadnê, is challanged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be
+killed. Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a
+banquet with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy
+is exposed: Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadnê.--Shiel,
+_Evadne, or the Statue_ (1820).
+
+COLOSSOS (Latin, _colossus_), a gigantic brazen statue 126 feet high,
+executed by Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignenère says it was
+a striding figure, but Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, and
+did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us
+that it _stood_ on a _block of white marble_, and Lucius Ampellius
+asserts that it _stood in a car_. Tiekell makes out the statue to be
+so enormous in size, that--
+
+  While at one foot the thronging galleys ride,
+  A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side;
+  Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array,
+  Ten thousand streamers on the billows play.
+
+Tickell, _On the Prospect of Peace_.
+
+COLOSSUS. Negro servant in G.W. Cable's "Posson Jone." He vainly tries
+to dissuade his master from drinking, and, in the end, restores to him
+the money lost during the drunken bout.
+
+  "In thundering tones" the parson was confessing
+  himself a "plum fool from whom the conceit
+  had been jolted out, and who had been made
+  to see that even his nigger had the longest
+  head of the two."
+
+COL'THRED (_Benjamin_) or "Little Benjie," a spy employed by Nixon
+(Edward Redgauntlet's agent).--Sir. W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.)
+
+COLUMB (_St._) or _St. Columba_, was of the family of the kings of
+Ulster; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots
+300 Christian establishments of presbyterian character; that in Iona
+was founded 563.
+
+  The Pictish men by St. Columb taught.
+
+Campbell, _Rewllura_.
+
+COLUMBUS (_Christopher_), Genoese navigator who was fitted out by
+Ferdinand and Isabella for a voyage of discovery resulting in the
+sight of the New World (1492). His ships were the _Santa Maria_,
+the _Pinta_ and the _Nina_, all small.--Washington Irving, _Life of
+Columbus_.
+
+COLYN CLOUT (_The Boke of_), a rhyming six-syllable tirade against the
+clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529).
+
+COMAL AND GALBI'NA. Comal was the son of Albion, "chief of a hundred
+hills." He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved by
+Grumal also. One day; tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina rested
+in the cave of Roman; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal went
+forth to shoot it. During his absence, Galbina dressed herself in
+armor "to try his love," and "strode from the cave." Comal thought
+it was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late
+discovered his mistake, rushed to battle, and was slain.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_, ii.
+
+COM'ALA, daughter of Sarno, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_). She fell
+in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after
+his return from Denmark or Lochlin (_Fingal_, iii.). Disguised as a
+youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars; but
+was detected by Hidallan, son of Lamor, whose love she had slighted.
+Fingal was about to marry her when he was called to oppose Caracul,
+who had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill,
+thought she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the
+shock on her nerves was so great that she died.--Ossian, _Comala_.
+
+COMAN'CHES (3 _syl_.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See CAMANCHES.)
+
+COMB (_Reynard's Wonderful_), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone, the
+perfume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following
+it; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb
+existed only in the brain of Master Fox.--_Reynard the Fox_, xii.
+(1498).
+
+CO'ME (_St_.), (see Cosme,) a physician, and patron saint of medical
+practitioners.
+
+"By St. Come!" said the surgeon, "here's a pretty adventure."--Lesage,
+(_Gil Blas_, vii. 1 1735).
+
+COME AND TAKE THEM. The reply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the
+messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his
+arms.
+
+COM'EDY (_The Father of_), Aristoph'anês the Athenian (B.C. 444-380).
+
+_Comedy (Prince of Ancient)_, Aristoph'anês (B.C. 444-380).
+
+_Comedy (Prince of New)_, Menander (B.C. 342-291).
+
+COMEDY OF ERRORS, by Shakespeare (1593), Aemilia, wife of Ægeon, had
+two sons at a birth, and named both of them Antipholus. When grown
+to manhood, each of these sons had a slave named Dromio, also
+twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in
+infancy, and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to
+Syracuse and the other to Ephesus. The play supposes that Antipholus
+of Syracuse goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with
+his slave, Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary
+likeness of the two brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, the wife
+of the Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusan for her husband; but he
+behaves so strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true
+husband arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusan
+brother being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband
+broken loose, sends to capture him; but he flees into a convent.
+Adriana now lays her complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess
+comes into court. So both brothers face each other, the mistakes are
+explained, and the abbess turns out to be Aemilia, the mother of the
+twin brothers. Now, it so happened that Ægeon, searching for his son,
+also came to Ephesus, and was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death,
+because he, a Syracusan, had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however,
+hearing the story, pardoned him. Thus Ægeon found his wife in the
+abbess, the parents their twin sons, and each son his long-lost
+brother.
+
+[Illustration] The plot of this comedy is copied from the _Menaechmí_
+of Plautus.
+
+COMHAL or COMBAL, son of Trathal, and father of Fingal. His queen
+was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was slain in battle,
+fighting against the tribe of Morni, the very day that Fingal was
+born.--Ossian.
+
+  Fingal said to Aldo, "I was born in the battle."
+
+Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_.
+
+COMINES [_Cum'.in_]. Philip des Comines, the favorite minister of
+Charles, "the Bold," Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by Sir W. Scott,
+in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL (_Emir al Mumenin_), a title assumed by Omar
+I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644).
+
+COMMINGES (_2 syl_.) (_Count de_), the hero of a novel so-called by
+Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749).
+
+COMMITTEE (_The_), a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a
+Cromwellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a
+dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into
+his hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former
+he calls Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter; the latter he
+wants to marry to his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love with Colonel
+Careless, and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into
+her hands the deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and
+when Mr. Day arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of
+certain deeds which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670).
+
+T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of _The
+Honest Thieves_.
+
+COMMON (_Dol_), an ally of Subtle the alchemist.--Ben Jonson, _The
+Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+COMMONER (_The Great_), Sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to
+reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent. to 3 per
+cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full
+if he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also
+(1759-1806).
+
+COMNE'NUS (_Alexius_), emperor of Greece, introduced by Sir. W. Scott
+in _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Anna Comne'na_ the historian, daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor
+of Greece.--Same novel.
+
+COMPEYSON, a would-be gentleman and a forger. He duped Abel Magwitch
+and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He also
+jilted Miss Havisham.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+COM'RADE (_2 syl_.), the horse given by a fairy to Fortunio.
+
+  He has many rare qualities ... first he eats
+  but once in eight days; and then he knows
+  what's past, present, and to come [and speaks
+  with the voice of a man].--Comtesse DAunoy,
+  _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio." 1682).
+
+COMUS, the god of revelry. In Milton's "masque" so called, the "lady"
+is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton, and
+the elder brother is Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of John,
+earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long
+walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to
+gather "cooling fruit" for her. She sings to let them know her
+whereabouts, and Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a
+cottage till her brothers could be found. The brothers, hearing a
+noise of revelry, become alarmed about their sister, when her guardian
+spirit informs them that she has fallen into the hands of Comus. They
+run to her rescue, and arrive just as the god is offering his captive
+a potion; the brothers seize the cup and dash it on the ground, while
+the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks the spell and releases the
+lady (1634).
+
+CONACH'AR, the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover
+of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine,
+called "the fair maid of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ultimately
+marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian
+Eachin [_Hector_] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CONAR, son of Trenmor, and first "king of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg
+(or belgae from Britain settled in the _south_ of Ireland) had reduced
+the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the _north_ of Ireland)
+to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for aid.
+Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with
+an army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to
+submission, assumed the title of "king of Ireland." Conar was
+succeeded by his son Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre
+by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and
+Cormac (after a slight interregnum) by Ferad-Artho (restored by
+Fingal).--Ossian.
+
+CONCORD HYMN, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning:
+
+  "By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
+  Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
+  Here once the embattled farmers stood
+  And fired the shot heard round the world."
+
+was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836.
+
+CONKEY CHICKWEED, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order
+to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and
+others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.--C. Dickens, _Oliver
+Twist_ (1837).
+
+CON'LATH, youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (_a
+man's name_). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma,
+but before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was
+hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar
+carried her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath
+they both fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of
+grief.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.
+
+CONNAL, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend of
+Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who
+counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very
+opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_.
+
+CON'NEL (_Father_), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle
+affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called
+Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's
+novel called _Father Connell_ (1842).
+
+  _Father Connell_ is not unworthy of association
+  with the Protestant _Vicar of Wakefield_.--R.
+  Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 612.
+
+CONINGSBY, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for
+portraits; thus: "Croker" represents Rigby; "Menmouth," Lord Hertford;
+"Eskdale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. Zichy;
+"Countess Colonna," Lady Strachan; "Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild;
+"Henry Sidney," Lord John Manners; "Belvoir," Duke of Rutland,
+second son of Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith
+Millbank, the daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for
+Parliament and marries Edith.
+
+CONQUEROR (_The_). Alexander the Great, _The Conqueror of the World_
+(B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185). Aurungzebe
+the Great, called _Alemgir_ (1618, 1659-4707), James of Aragon (1206,
+1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish Empire (1259,
+1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called _Conquistador_, because he
+conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who obtained
+England by conquest (1027,1066-1137).
+
+CON'RAD (_Lord_), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud,
+ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed],
+was about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise
+of a dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was
+released by Gulnare (_2 syl_.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and
+fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he
+left the island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a
+rebellion, and was shot.--Lord Byron, _The Corsair_, continued in
+_Lara_ (1814). CONRAD DRYFOOS, the son of a rich man, the backer and
+virtual proprietor of _Every Other Week_, in W. D. Howells's novel, _A
+Hazard of New Fortunes_.
+
+  "He's got a good head and he wanted to study
+  for the ministry when they were all living together
+  out on the farm ... You know they used
+  to think that any sort of stuff was good enough
+  to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the
+  good timber for business, and so the old man
+  wouldn't let him."
+
+Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a
+mortal wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the
+police, who are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890).
+
+CON'RADE (_2 syl._), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don
+Pedro, Prince of Aragon).--Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_
+(1600).
+
+_Conrade_ (_2 syl._), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the
+grand-master of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de
+Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the
+Templar.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+CONSTANCE, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey
+Plantagenet.--Shakespeare, _King John_ (1598).
+
+  Mrs. Bartley's "Lady Macbeth," "Constance,"
+  and "Queen Katherine" [_Henry VIII._], were
+  powerful embodiments, and I question if they
+  have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).--J.
+  Adolphus, _Recollections_.
+
+_Constance_, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by
+Wildrake, a country squire, fond of field sports. "Her beauty rich,
+richer her grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She
+was "the mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;" she
+danced well, sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's
+playmate, and became her husband.--S. Knowles, _The Love Chase_
+(1837).
+
+_Constance_, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of
+Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had "beauty to shame young love's
+most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth
+to keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of
+Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of
+luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf;
+her aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a
+serf). She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.--S. Knowles,
+_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+_Constance Varley_. American girl traveling in the East with friends,
+and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for
+years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of
+pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The
+words are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding
+divides them forever. A year later she marries another man who loves
+her sincerely without appreciating the finest part of her nature.
+
+A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait:
+
+  "I discern
+  Infinite passion and the pain
+  Of finite hearts that yearn."
+
+  "There was a singular suggestion of sadness
+  about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small
+  close mouth."--Julia C. Fletcher, _Mirage_
+  (1882).
+
+CONSTANS, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the three
+sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and
+Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father
+he laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be
+assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded
+Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther
+Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans
+was Arthur's uncle.
+
+CONSTANT (_Ned_), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she
+intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.--Vanbrugh, _The
+Provoked Wife_ (1697).
+
+_Constant_ (_Sir Bashful_), a younger brother of middle life, who
+tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He
+marries a woman of quality, but finding; it _comme il faut_ not to let
+his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and
+though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not.
+He is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an
+example of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, "What is mere good
+nature but a fool?"
+
+_Lady Constant_, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense,
+wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an
+attempt to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold
+indifference.--A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).
+
+CONSTAN'TIA, sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress of
+the duke of Ferrara.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (1620).
+
+_Constantia_, a _protégée_ of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in
+love with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.--C.
+Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).
+
+CON'STANTINE (_3 syl._), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf
+(a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at
+Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner.
+
+  Our English Athelstan ...
+  Made all the Isle his own,
+  And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. 3 (1613).
+
+CONSTANTINOPLE (_Little_), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from
+its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenês calls it "the granary of
+Athens."
+
+CONSUELO (_4 syl._), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst of
+temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George
+Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant).
+
+CONTEMPORANEOUS DISCOVERIES. Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at the
+same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at
+the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time
+the vertebral system. _The Penny Cyclopaedia_ and _Chambers's Journal_
+were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is
+claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and
+Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and
+Adams discovered at the same time the planet Neptune.
+
+[Illustration] This list may be extended to a very great length.
+
+CONTENTED MAN (_The_). Subject of a poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745
+
+  No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts,
+  And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults,
+  He makes his GOD his everlasting tower
+  And in His firm munition stands secure.
+
+CONTEST _(Sir Adam_). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he
+married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His
+second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a
+pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first
+wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir
+Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely.
+
+_Lady Contest_, the bride of Sir Adam, "young, extremely lively, and
+prodigiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and
+treated as a child, so her _naïveté_ was quite captivating. When
+she quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, "Good-by, Sir Adam,
+good-by. I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really
+unhappy if I did not know that your happiness will be infinitely
+greater with your first wife."
+
+_Mr. Contest_, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.--Mrs.
+Inchbald, _The Wedding Day_ (1790).
+
+CONTINENCE.
+
+ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the
+family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies
+as queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch,
+having escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for
+Alexander had shown himself the most continent and generous of
+men.--Arrian, _Anabasis of Alexander_, iv. 20.
+
+SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a
+beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, "lest he should be
+tempted to forget his principles." It is, moreover, said that he sent
+her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to
+whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was
+depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the
+seventeenth century.
+
+  E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold,
+  Might have forgot his virtue at her sight.
+
+  N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_, iii. 3 (1702.)
+
+ANSON, when he took the _Senhora Theresa de Jesus_, refused even to
+see the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he
+was resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of
+a mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing
+beauty."
+
+CONVEN'TUAL FRIARS are those who live in _convents_, contrary to the
+rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land,
+books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder
+are called "Observant Friars."
+
+CONVERSATION SHARP, Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.)
+
+COOK WHO KILLED HIMSELF (_The_). Vatel killed himself in 1671, because
+the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be served
+up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Condé to the
+king.
+
+COOKS OF MODERN TIMES. Carême, called "The Regenerator of Cookery"
+(1784-1833). Charles Elmé Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in
+the Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude,
+Gouffé, and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858.
+
+COOKERY (_Regenerator of_), Carême (1784-1833.)
+
+(Ude, Gouffé, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art).
+
+COOPER (_Anthony Ashly_,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W.
+Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.)
+
+COPHET'UA or COPET'HUA, a mythical king of Africa, of great wealth,
+who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name was
+Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in _Love's Labour's
+Lost_, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in _The
+Beggar-Maid._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 6.
+
+COPLEY (_Sir Thomas_), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at
+Woodstock.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+COPPER CAPTAIN (_A_), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but
+with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his
+person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own
+trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to
+be the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady "pearls," but
+they are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him:
+
+  Here's a goodly jewel..
+  Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?..
+  See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes..
+  And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls..
+  Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits.
+  Put these and them on you're a man of copper,
+  A copper,... copper captain.
+
+  Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and
+  Have a Wife_ (1640).
+
+COPPERFLELD (_David_), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens. David
+is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to
+the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where
+Mr. Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow
+married Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of
+David a dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone
+sent David to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to
+Messrs. Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse,
+and set to paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon
+became tired of this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was
+kindly received by his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him,
+and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with
+Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a
+mutual attachment sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but
+at the death of this pretty little "child-wife," he married Agnes
+Wickfield.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+COPPERHEADS, members of a faction in the North, during the civil war
+in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that
+gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed
+or secret foe. (_The Trigonecephalus contortrix_.)
+
+COPPERNOSE (_3 syl_.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed so
+much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear
+in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets
+"Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper-nose," etc.
+
+COPPLE, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called _Reynard
+the Fox_ (1498).
+
+CORA, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of Rolla,
+general of the Peruvian army.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_ (altered from
+Kotzebue, 1799).
+
+CORA MUNRO, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the
+sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's _Last of the Mohicans._ Cora
+loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself,
+attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives
+to gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice
+between death and his wigwam.
+
+  Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once
+  more he struggled with himself and lifted
+  the keen weapon again--but just then a piercing
+  cry was heard above them, and Uncas
+  appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful
+  height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step,
+  and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance,
+  sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.
+  (1826).
+
+CO'RAH, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Architophel_, is meant for
+Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and
+Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and
+English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the
+pit," so Oates was "condemned to imprisonment for life," after being
+publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus
+Oates as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the
+centre of a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in
+the circumference.
+
+  Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud,
+  Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud;
+  His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace,
+  A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face;
+  His memory miraculously great
+  Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1631).
+
+CORBAC'CIO _(Signior)_, the dupe of Mosca the knavish confederate of
+Vol'pone (_2 syl_.). He is an old man, with seeing and hearing faint,
+and understanding dulled to childishness, yet he wishes to live on,
+and
+
+  Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself
+  Younger by scores of years; flatters his age
+  With confident belying it; hopes he may
+  With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored.
+
+  Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the Fox_ (1605).
+
+
+Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed to be proud to wear the poet's
+double name, and was particularly great in all that author's plays
+that were usually performed, viz "Wasp," in _Bartholomew Fair_;
+"Corbaccio;" "Morose," in _The Silent Woman_; and "Ananias," in _The
+Alchemist_.--Chetwood.
+
+
+C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio"
+could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his
+will? What has he given me!" but Parsons himself says: "Ah! to see
+'Corbaccio' acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The
+public are pleased to think that I act that part well, but his acting
+was as far superior to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight."
+
+COR'BANT, the rook, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+(French, _corbeau_, "a rook.")
+
+CORCE'CA _(3 syl_.), mother of Abessa. The word means "blindness of
+heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca
+shut the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una
+broke down the door. The "lion" means _England_, "Corceca"
+_popery_, "Una" _protestantism_, and "breaking down the door" _the
+Reformation_.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 3 (1590).
+
+CORDAY (_Marie Anne Charlotte_), descendant of the poet Corneille.
+Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was
+guillotined for the deed, July, 1793.
+
+CORDE'LIA, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by her
+royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent than
+those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when
+her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his
+suite, she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however,
+taken captive, thrown into prison, and died there.
+
+  Her voice was ever soft,
+  Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman.
+
+  Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act v. sc. 3 (1605).
+
+CORFLAM'BO, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by
+Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas,
+and proved a good wife to him.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. 8 (1596).
+
+CORIAT (_Thomas_) died 1617, author of a book called _Crudities_.
+
+  Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek,
+  As naturally as pigs do squeak.
+
+  Lionel Cranfield, _Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat_
+
+  But if the meaning was as far to seek
+  As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek,
+  When in that tongue he made a speech at length,
+  To show the beast the greatness of his strength.
+
+  G. Wither, _Abuses Stript and Whipt_ (1613).
+
+COREY (_Bromfield_). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D. Howells's
+story, _The Rise of Silas Lapham_. His father complains of his want of
+energy and artistic tastes, but allows him "to travel indefinitely."
+He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and paints an
+amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family, but
+continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working
+at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says
+anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved.
+At heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout
+he is the _gentleman_ in grain, and incorruptible (1885).
+
+CORIN, "the faithful shepherdess," who, having lost her true love by
+death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest
+of her life, and was called "The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd
+Thenot (final _t_ pronounced) fell in love with her for her
+"fidelity," and to cure him of his attachment she pretended to love
+him in return. This broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that
+reverence of love he before entertained. Corin was skilled "in the
+dark, hidden virtuous use of herbs," and says:
+
+  Of all green wounds I know the remedies
+  In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes,
+  Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art,
+  Or be they love-sick.
+
+--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 1, (1610).
+
+_Cor'in, Corin'eus_ (3 _syl_.), or _Corine'us_ (4 _syl_.) "strongest
+of mortal men," and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king
+of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.)
+
+From Corin came it first? [_i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling_].
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).
+
+CORINEUS (3 _syl_). Southey throws the accent on the _first_ syllable,
+and Spenser on the _second_. One of the suite of Brute. He overthrew
+the giant Goëm'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded with
+the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the
+inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN).
+
+Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning
+of the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held
+each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but
+Goëmagot presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three
+of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his left. At which
+Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching
+up the giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore,
+and getting on to the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the
+sea ... The place where he fell is called Lam Goëmagot or Goëmagot's
+Leap, to this day.--Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 16 (1142).
+
+When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first.
+
+Southey, _Madoc_, vi. (1805).
+
+
+Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned.
+
+Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1500).
+
+Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent
+on the last but one.
+
+Which to their general then great Corine'us had.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).
+
+CORINNA, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over Pindar
+at the public games (fl. B.C. 490).
+
+  ... they raised
+  A tent of satin, elaborately wrought
+  With fair Corinna's triumph.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.
+
+_Corinna_, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet.
+Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+  See lively Pope advance in jig and trip
+  "Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip;"
+  Not without art, but yet to nature true,
+  She charms the town with humor just yet new.
+
+  Churchill, _Roseiad_ (1761).
+
+Corinne' (2 _syl_.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Staël.
+Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away.
+
+_A Corinthian_, a rake, a "fast man." Prince Henry says (1 _Henry IV_.
+act ii. sc. 4.) "[_They_] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff,
+but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle."
+
+CORINTHIAN TOM, "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's _Life
+in London_.
+
+CORIOLA'NUS _(Caius Marcius_), called Coriolanus from his victory
+at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (_not Volumnia_), and his wife
+Volumnia (not _Virgilia_). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La
+Harpe has also a drama entitled _Coriolan_, produced in 1781.--Livy,
+_Annals_, ii. 40.
+
+I remember her [_Mrs. Siddons_] coming down the stage in the triumphal
+entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that
+shook the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the
+music, rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her
+son. Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and
+lit up her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.--C.M. Young.
+
+CORITA'NI, the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire,
+Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to
+them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+CORMAC I., son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as "king of
+Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the
+Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been
+subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such
+extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large
+army, utterly defeated Colculla "lord of Atha," and re-established
+Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave
+Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first
+son. Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son
+Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a
+short interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.--Ossian.
+
+CORMAC II. (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father
+Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_] invaded
+Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin.
+Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran
+was routed and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign
+Torlath rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by
+Cuthullin, who, however, was himself mortally wounded by a random
+arrow during the persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in
+insurrection, murdered the young king, and usurped the government. His
+success, however, was only of short duration, for having invited Oscar
+to a feast, he treacherously slew him, and was himself slain at the
+same time. His brother Cathmor succeeded for a few days, when he also
+was slain in battle by Fingal, and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar
+(first king of Ireland, a Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac
+I; Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son
+Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II.; and Cormac II (after a short
+interregnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho.--Ossian, _Fingal, Dar-Thula
+and Temora_.
+
+COR'MACK _(Donald)_, a Highland robber-chief.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV).
+
+COR'MALO, a "chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the waters
+of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island of
+Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and "sought the honor of the
+spear" (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted
+with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a
+hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and
+his brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when
+their dog Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract
+attention. Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In
+the mean time his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son
+of Ossian, heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to
+Lano, encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the
+daughter, he took her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her
+father.--Ossian, _The War of Inis-Thona._
+
+COR'MORAN' _(The Giant_), a Cornish giant slain by Jack the
+Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a
+mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop,
+that the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head
+and killed him.
+
+CORNAVII, the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire,
+Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his
+_Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+CORNE'LIA, wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two
+tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans,
+who erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA,
+MOTHER OF THE GRACCHI.
+
+  Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows
+  Of Agrippina
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+CORNET, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence
+because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to
+her, "Your ladyship looks very ill this morning," which the French
+waiting-woman contradicted by saying, "My opinion be, matam, dat your
+latyship never look so well in all your life." Lady Fanciful said to
+Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't endure you;" and then turning to
+Mdlle, she added, "This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by,
+Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are
+certainly well-mannered, and never flatter."--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked
+Wife_ (1697).
+
+[Illustration] This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and
+his secretary Gil Blas.
+
+CORNEY (_Mrs_.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born.
+She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the pompous
+beadle to a hen-pecked husband.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxvii.
+(1837).
+
+CORNFLOWER (_Henry_), a farmer, who "beneath a rough outside,
+possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince."
+
+_Mrs. Cornflower_, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted
+by Sir Charles Courtly.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1789).
+
+CORNIOLE GIOVANNI DELLE, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the cognomen
+given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di Medici.
+His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery.
+
+CORN-LAW RHYMER (_The_), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849).
+
+CORNWALL (_Barry_), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor,
+author of _English Songs_ (1788-1874).
+
+COROMBONA (_Vittoria_), the White Devil, the chief character in
+a drama by John Webster, entitled _The White Devil, or Vittoria
+Corombona_ (1612).
+
+CORO'NIS, daughter of Phorôneus (3 _syl_.) king of Pho'cis,
+metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. CORPORAL (_The Little_). General
+Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796).
+
+CORRECTOR (_Alexander the_), Alexander Cruden, author of the
+_Concordance to the Bible_, for many years a corrector of the press,
+in London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals
+and manners of the world (1701-1770).
+
+COURROUGE' (2 _syl_.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous Saracen,
+nephew of Farracute (3 _syl_.). Otuel was in the end converted to
+Christianity.
+
+CORSAIR (_The_), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that the
+Sultan Seyd [_Seed_] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the
+disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire
+to the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon,
+but being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her
+to the Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling)
+had died during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare,
+returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.--Byron,
+_The Corsair_, continued in _Lara_ (1814).
+
+(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious
+buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services
+rendered to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on
+New Orleans).
+
+COR'SAND, a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at
+Kippletringan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II).
+
+CORSICAN GENERAL (_The_), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica
+(1769-1821).
+
+COR'SINA, wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the boat
+as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her foster-children,
+Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_
+(The Princess Fairstar, 1682).
+
+CORTE'JO, a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in _Beppo_:
+
+  Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call,
+  And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl.
+
+  Was it not for this that no cortejo ere
+  I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille?
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 148 (1819).
+
+CORVI'NO (_Signior_), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into
+believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.--Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the
+Fox_ (1605).
+
+CORYATE'S CRUDITIES, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who called
+himself the "Odcombian Legstretcher." He was the son of the rector of
+Odcombe (1577--1617).
+
+CORYCIAN NYMPHS (_The_), the Muses, so called from the cave of Corycîa
+on Lyeorça, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in
+Greece.
+
+COR'YDON, a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the _Idylls_ of
+Theocritos; the _Eclogues_ of Virgil; _The Cantata_, v., of Hughes,
+etc.
+
+_Cor'ydon_, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto
+9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously,
+and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks
+and herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, vi. (1596).
+
+_Cor'ydon_, the shoemaker, a citizen.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of
+Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+CORYPHAEUS OF GERMAN LITERATURE _(The)_, Goethe.
+
+The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German
+literature.--W. R. Morfell, _Notes and Queries_, April 27, 1878.
+
+CORYPHE'US (4 _syl_.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios or
+leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called _The
+Corypheus of Grammarians_.
+
+COSETTE. Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian _grisette_. She
+puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the
+little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who
+nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.--Victor
+Hugo, _Les Miserables._
+
+COSME _(St.)_, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised
+medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered
+martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their fête day is December
+27. In the twelfth century there was a medical society called _Saint
+Cosme_.
+
+COS'MIEL (3 _syl_.), the genius of the world. He gave to
+Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and
+planets.--Kircher, _Ecstatic Journey to Heaven._
+
+COSMOS, the personification of "the world" as the enemy of man.
+Phineas Fletcher calls him "the first son to the Dragon red" (_the
+devil_). "Mistake," he says, "points all his darts;" or, as the
+Preacher says, "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity." Fully described in
+_The Purple Island_, viii (1633). (Greek, _kosmos_, "the world.")
+
+COS'TARD, a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's time.
+He uses the word "honorificabilitudinitatibus," and some of his
+blunders are very ridiculous, as "ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends,
+as they say" (act v. I).--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).
+
+COSTIGAN, Irish Captain in _Pendennis_, W. M. Thackeray.
+
+COSTIN _(Lord)_, disguised as a beggar, in _The Beggar's Bush_, a
+drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).
+
+COTE MALE-TAILÉ _(Sir)_, meaning the "knight with the villainous
+coat," the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to
+Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with
+all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to
+his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that "had broken
+loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen." He married a
+damsel called Maledisaunt (3 _syl_.), who loved him, but always chided
+him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 42-50 (1470).
+
+COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT; Poem in which Burns depicts the household of
+a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of
+the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture
+of the "Saint, the Father and the Husband" is drawn the poet's
+own father. COTYT´TO, Groddess of the Edõni of Thrace. Her orgies
+resembled those of the Thracian Cyb´elê (_3 syl_).
+
+  Hail goddess of nocturnal sport,
+  Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame
+  Of midnight torches burns.
+  Milton, _Comus_, 136, etc. (1634.)
+
+COULIN, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm 132
+feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he
+fell backwards into the pit and was killed.
+
+  And eke that ample pit yet far renowned
+  For the great leap which Debon did compell
+  Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd,
+  Into which the returning back he fell.
+  Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 10 (1590.)
+
+COUNT OF NARBONNE, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father,
+Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring
+Godfrey's right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in
+love with Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this
+dilemma: if he married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and
+obtain the possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if,
+on the other hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in
+combat, he could not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end
+the count killed Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from
+Walpole's _Castle of Otranto_.
+
+COUNT ROBERT OF PARIS, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of
+his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can
+afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember
+that the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of
+the novel is the reign of Rufus. COUNTRY (_Father of his_). Cicero
+was so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius Cæsar was
+so called after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43).
+Augustus Cæsar was called _Pater atque Princeps_ (B.C. 63, 31-14).
+Cosmo de Med´ici (1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal
+counsellor of the American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so
+called on the base of his statue in Gen´oa (1468-1560). Andronlcus
+Palaeol´ogus II. assumed the title (1260-1332). (See 1 _Chron_. iv.
+14).
+
+COUNTRY GIRL (_The_), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly. The
+"country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas
+Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect
+seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her,
+but she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age
+and position.
+
+COUNTRY WIFE (_The_), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675).
+
+  Pope was proud to receive notice from the
+  author of _The Country Wife_.--R. Chambers,
+  _English Literature_, i. 393.
+
+COUPEE, the dancing-master, who says "if it were not for
+dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels." He
+courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.--Fielding, _The Virgin
+Unmasked._
+
+COUR´TAIN, one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican. His
+other sword was Sauvagine.
+
+  But Ogier gazed upon it [_the sea_] doubtfully
+  One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said,
+  "What tales are these?"
+  W. Morris, _The Earthly Paradise_ ("August").
+
+COURTALL, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his
+love-conquests over ladies of the _haut monde_. He tries to corrupt
+Lady Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.--Mrs. Cowley, _The
+Belle's Stratagem_ (1780).
+
+COURTLY (_Sir Charles_), a young libertine, who abducted the beautiful
+wife of Farmer Cornflower.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1780).
+
+COUSIN COPELAND, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who lives
+in "Old Gardiston," the home of his ancestors "befo' de wah." He has
+but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a ruffled
+shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among "documents,"
+his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change he keeps
+up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to elevate his
+gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be heard above
+the rain and wind, it fails.
+
+  "Four days afterward he died, gentle and
+  placid to the last. He was an old man, although
+  no one had ever thought so."--Constance
+  Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_, (1880).
+
+COUSIN MICHEL or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is of
+an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss,
+John Chinaman a Chinese, etc.
+
+COUVADE´ (_2 syl._), a man who takes the place of his wife when she is
+in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does
+the household duties. The people called "Gold Tooth," in the confines
+of Burmah, are _couvades_. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom
+still exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common
+in Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr.
+
+Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West
+Indies, the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of
+California, in Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago.
+Diodorus speaks of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says
+the custom prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius
+that the Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same:
+
+  In the Tabarenian land,
+  When some good woman bears her lord a babe,
+  '_Tis he_ is swathed, and groaning put to bed;
+  While she arising tends his bath and serves
+  Nice possets for her husband in the straw.
+  Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_
+
+COV´ERLEY (_Sir Roger de_), a member of an hypothetical club, noted
+for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most
+courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most
+amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers
+of the _Spectator_, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country
+gentleman of Queen Anne's time.
+
+  What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without
+  his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If
+  the good knight did not call out to the people
+  sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such
+  delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde.
+  Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple
+  Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of
+  what worth were he to us? We love him for his
+  vanities as much as for his virtues.--Thackeray.
+
+COWARDS and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Parolès and Pistol; in Ben
+Jonson, Bob´adil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet,
+the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore,
+and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF,
+CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA,
+etc.)
+
+
+COWPER, called "Author of _The Task_," from his principal poem
+(1731-1800).
+
+COXCOMB (_The Prince of_) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne (1535-1614).
+
+Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400).
+
+Henri III, of France, _Le Mignon_ (1551, 1574-1589).
+
+COXE (_Captain_), one of the masques at Kenilworth.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+COY BISHOP. Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in
+Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' _Story of Avis_. "Her face is as innocent of
+sarcasm as a mocking bird's;" she "is one of the immortal few who can
+look pretty in their crimping-pins;" she "has the glibness of most
+unaccentuated natures;" she admires Avis without comprehending her,
+and she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young
+clergyman. (1877).
+
+CRABSHAW (_Timothy_), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's
+squire.--Smollett, _Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760).
+
+CRAB´TREE, in Smollett's novel called _The Adventures of Peregine
+Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Crab´tree_, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, _The
+School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+_Crab´tree_, a gardener at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_
+(time George III.).
+
+CRAC (_M. de_), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French
+operetta.
+
+CRACK´ENTHORP (_Father_), a publican.
+
+_Dolly Crackenthorp_, daughter of the publican.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+CRACKIT (_Flash Toby_), one of the villains in the attempted burglary
+in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.--C. Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837.)
+
+CRA'DLEMONT, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for
+Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson, _Coming of
+Arthur_.
+
+CRADOCK (_Sir_), the only knight who could carve the boar's head which
+no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could
+quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King
+Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither
+by a boy during Christmas-tide.--Percy, _Reliques, etc._, III. iii.
+18.
+
+CRAIGDAL'LIE (_Adam_), the senior baillie of Perth.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CRAIG'ENGELT (_Captain_), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw. Sir
+W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+CRAIK MAMSELL. A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the
+innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, _Hand and Ring_ (1883).
+
+CRAMP (_Corporal_), under captain Thornton.--Sir W. Scott, _Bob Roy_
+(time, George I.)
+
+CRAN'BOURNE, (_Sir Jasper_), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CRANE (_Dame Alison_), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough.
+
+_Gaffer Crane_, the dame's husband.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+_Crane (Ichabod)_, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as
+"tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and
+neck unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his
+feet might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung
+together."
+
+  The head of Ichabod Crane was small and
+  flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy
+  eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked
+  like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle
+  neck to tell which way the wind blew.--W. Irving,
+  _Sketch-Book_ ("Legend of Sleepy Hollow.")
+
+CRANES (1 _syl_.). Milton, referring to the wars of the pygmies and
+the cranes, calls the former
+
+  That small infantry
+  Warred on by cranes.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, i. 575 (1665).
+
+CRANION, queen Mab's charioteer.
+
+  Four nimble gnats the horses were,
+  Their harnesses of gossamere,
+  Fly Cranion, her charioteer.
+
+  M. Dayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).
+
+CRANK (_Dame_), the papist laundress at Marlborough.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+CRA'PAUD (_Johnnie_), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman,
+Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a
+North American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient
+kings of France, "three toads erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the
+sixteenth century, called the French _crapauds_ in the well-known
+line:
+
+  Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara.
+
+("Sara" is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under
+Louis XIV.) CRATCHIT (_Bob_ or _Robert_), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge,
+stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s.
+a week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his
+master with all his wealth and selfishness.
+
+_Tiny Tim Cratchit_, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin
+of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not
+die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him
+his special care.--C. Dickens, _A Christmas Carol_ (in five staves,
+1843).
+
+CRAW'FORD (_Lindsay, earl of_), the young earl-marshal of
+Scotland.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Craw'ford (Lord)_, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis lés
+Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time,
+Edward IV.).
+
+CRAWLEY (_Sir Pitt_), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's Crawley,
+Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet, very
+rich, desperately mean, "a philosopher with a taste for low life," and
+intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his
+two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to
+become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain
+Rawdon Crawley. This "aristocrat" spoke of "brass fardens," and was
+unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will
+show:--"Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on
+Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly." The whole baronetage, peerage,
+and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean,
+foolish, disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the
+age of fourscore, "lamented and beloved, regretted and honored," if we
+can believe his monumental tablet.
+
+_Lady Crawley_. Sir Pitt's first wife was "a confounded quarrelsome,
+high-bred jade." So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr.
+Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter
+Butt, for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter
+had "pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no
+opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper;
+she was a mere female machine." Being a "blonde, she wore draggled
+sea-green or slatternly sky-blue dresses," went about slip-shod and in
+curl-papers all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for
+the second time a widower, "to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures
+new."
+
+_Mr. Pitt Crawley_, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his
+father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper
+gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and
+white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt
+himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt
+always addressed his mother-in-law with "most powerful respect," and
+strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton
+he was called "Miss Crawley." His religious opinions were offensively
+aggressive and of the "evangelical type." He even built a
+meeting-house close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came
+into the large fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane
+Sheepshanks, daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P.,
+grew money-loving and mean, but less and less "evangelical" as he grew
+great and wealthy.
+
+_Captain Rawdon Crawley_, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was
+in the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about town," and an adept in boxing,
+rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young
+dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could
+swear a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the
+servants, who nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay
+his tradesmen; a Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, "Aw,
+aw; Jave-aw; Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw--confounded as I
+ever smoked. Gad-aw." This military exquisite was the adopted heir of
+Miss Crawley, but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for
+his brother Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor
+"upon nothing a year," but a great scandal got wind of gross
+improprieties between Lord Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated
+from his wife, and was given the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord
+Steyne. "His Excellency Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of
+yellow fever, most deeply beloved and deplored," and his son Rawdon
+inherited his uncle's title and the family estates.
+
+_The Rev. Bute Crawley_, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a "tall, stately,
+jolly, shovel-hatted rector." "He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ
+Church boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev.
+Bute loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections,
+regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very
+popular." His wife wrote his sermons for him.
+
+_Mrs. Bute Crawley_, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady,
+domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her "policy." She gave
+her husband full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and
+thrifty.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+CRAYDOCKE _(Miss)._ Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of everybody
+else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's _Real Folks_, and other of her
+books. "Around her there is always springing up a busy and a spreading
+crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is none too
+big for her, or for any such, of course."
+
+CRAY'ON _(Le Sieur de_), one of the officers of Charles "the Bold,"
+Duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+_Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq._, Washington Irving, author of _The
+Sketch-Book_ (1820).
+
+CREA'KLE, a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David
+Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of
+Steerforth.
+
+  The circumstance abont him which impressed
+  me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in
+  a whisper.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_, vi.
+  (1849).
+
+CREAM CHEESE _(Rev.)_, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs.
+Potiphar is in _The Potiphar Papers_.--George William Curtis (1853).
+
+CREBILLON OF ROMANCE _(The)_, A. François Prévost d'Exiles
+(1697-1763).
+
+CREDAT JUDAEUS APELLA, NONEGO (Horace, _Sat. I_. v. 100). Of "Apella"
+nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and the
+word "Judaeus" stands for any Jew. "A disbelieving Jew would give
+credit to the statement sooner than I should."
+
+CRES'SIDA, in Chaucer CRESSEIDE (2 _syl_.), a beautiful, sparkling,
+and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for infidelity. She
+was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took part with the
+Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but a mediaeval
+creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius the
+Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths
+herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus
+gives the maiden a _sleeve_, and she gives her Adonis a _glove_, as a
+love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made,
+when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields
+her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given
+her as a love-token.
+
+  As false
+  As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth.
+  Yea, let [_men_] say to stick the heart of falsehood,
+  "As false as Cressid."
+
+  (Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act iii. sc. 2)
+  (1602).
+
+CRESSWELL (_Madame_), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed
+£10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her.
+The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:--"All
+I shall say of her is this: she was born _well_, she married _well_,
+lived _well_, and died _well_; for she was born at Shad-well, married
+Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well."
+
+CRESSY MCKINSTRY. Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty, saucy
+and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education, and
+attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to do
+this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her love
+for him, but will not be "engaged:"
+
+"I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I
+couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without
+it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married
+to backwood Southern girls."
+
+After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much
+love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married
+to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.--Bret Harte,
+_Cressy_ (1889).
+
+CRETE (_Hound of_), a blood-hound.--See _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act
+iii. sec. 2.
+
+  Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again,
+  O hound of Crete!
+
+Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act ii. sc. 1 (1599).
+
+_Crete (The Infamy of)_, the Minotaur.
+
+  [_There_] lay stretched
+  The infamy of Crete, detested brood
+  Of the feigned heifer.
+Dante, _Hell_, xii. (1300, Cary's translation).
+
+
+CRÈVECOUR (2 _syl_.). The count Philip de Crèvecour is the envoy sent
+by Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis XI.,
+king of France.
+
+_The Countess of Crèvecour_, wife of the count.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CRIB (_Tom_), Thomas Moore, author of _Tom Crib's Memorial to
+Congress_ (1819).
+
+CRILLON. The following story is told of this brave but simple-minded
+officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to him thus:
+
+Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu à Arques, et tu n'y étais
+pas.
+
+The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in
+France.
+
+When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he
+grew so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, _Où étais
+tu, Crillon_? ("What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such
+atrocity!")
+
+[Illustration: symbol] When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he
+exclaimed, "Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the
+wrong, I warrant."
+
+CRIMO'RA AND CONNAL. Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with
+Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his
+"sweeting" to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is
+ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went
+against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but
+unknown to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged
+an arrow at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in
+agony to his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and
+both were buried in one grave. Ossian, _Carric-Thura._
+
+CRINGLE (_Tom_), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, _Tom Cringle's
+Log_.
+
+CRISPIN (_St._). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers, born at
+Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France (about
+A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, that
+they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town
+ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they
+were made the tutelary saints of the "gentle craft." St. Crispin's Day
+is October 25.
+
+  This day is called the feast of Crispian..
+  And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
+  From this day to the ending of the world,
+  But we in it shall be remembered.
+
+Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act iv. sc. 3 (1599).
+
+CRITIC (_A Bossu_), one who criticizes the "getting up" of a book more
+than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. Réne le Bossu was
+a French critic (1631-1680).
+
+  The epic poem your lordship bade me look at,
+  upon taking the length, breadth, height, and
+  depth of it, and trying them at home upon an
+  exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every
+  one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur!
+  --Sterne.
+
+(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician,
+and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a
+pun is intended).
+
+_Critic (The)_, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by _The Rehearsal_
+(1779).
+
+[Illustration] _The Rehearsal_ is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671).
+
+CRITICS (_The Prince of_), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled, in
+the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer.
+
+CROAKER, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he imagines
+himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival, and
+delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His
+favorite phrase is "May be not."
+
+  A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress
+  for every hour of the four and twenty.--Act i. 1.
+
+_Mrs. Croaker_, the very reverse of her grumbling, atrabilious
+husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and cheerful as a lark.
+
+  The very reverse of each other. She all laugh
+  and no joke, he always complaining and never
+  sorrowful.--Act i. 1.
+
+_Leontine Croaker_, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch
+his sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings
+home instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and
+ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _The Good Natured Man_ (1768).
+
+CROCODILE (_King_). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that
+there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile
+has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says
+that though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his
+people with.--Browne, _Travels_.
+
+_Crocodile (Lady Kitty)_, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.--Sam.
+Foote, _A Trip to Calais_.
+
+CROCUS, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not return
+his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify
+_unrequited love_.
+
+CROESUS, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by Cyrus,
+king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected upon
+which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and burnt
+alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name of
+Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. "Because he told me to call no
+one happy till death." Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire
+of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then
+called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and
+he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed.
+
+[Illustration] The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account
+of the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the
+fiery furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the
+reader.--_Daniel_, iii. _Croesus's Dream_. Croesus dreamt that his
+son, Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every
+precaution to prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to
+chase the wild boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the
+boar to rescue Atys from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince
+and killed him. The tale is told by William Morris in his _Earthly
+Paradise_ ("July").
+
+CROFTANGRY (_Mr. Chrystal_), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of
+Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two
+novels, one _The Highland Widow_, and the other _The Fair Maid of
+Perth_, called the _First_ and _Second Series_ of the "Chronicles of
+Canongate" (_q. v._). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given
+in the introductory chapters of _The Highland Widow_, and continued in
+the introduction of the _The Fair Maid of Perth_.
+
+Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's
+father and that "the fretful patient at the death-bed" is a living
+picture.
+
+CROFTS _(Master)_, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey Hudson,
+the famous dwarf.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+CROKER'S MARE. In the proverb _As coy as Croker's Mare_. This means
+"as chary as a mare that carries crockery."
+
+  She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare.
+
+J. Heywood, _Dialogue_ ii. 1 (1566).
+
+CROKERS. Potatoes are so called because they were first planted
+in Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.--J. R. Planche,
+_Recollections, etc_. ii. 119.
+
+CROM'WELL _(Oliver)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_.
+_Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth_, who married John Claypole. Seeing her
+father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and
+lovingly led him away out of the room.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, Commonwealth).
+
+_Cromwell_ is called by the Preacher Burroughs "the archangel who did
+battle with the devil."
+
+_Cromwell's Lucky Day_. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver
+Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won
+the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of
+Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however,
+true that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his
+birthday was 25th April, 1599.
+
+_Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted_. Cromwell's dead body was, by the
+sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its
+grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows.
+
+[Illustration] Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was
+broken open by Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in
+various ways, and finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians,
+who used every possible method to preserve dead bodies in their
+integrity.
+
+The dead body of Admiral Coligny [_Co.leen.ye_] was similarly insulted
+by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who
+spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king
+had the bad taste to say over it:
+
+  Fragrance sweeter than a rose
+  Rises from our slaughtered foes.
+
+It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only
+crime being that he was a Huguenot.
+
+CROOK-FINGERED JACK, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen
+months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches
+and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold),
+six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three
+periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him "a mighty
+cleanhanded fellow," and adds:
+
+"Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't
+know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence
+of mind upon the road."--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_. I. 1 (1727).
+
+CROP _(George)_, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second
+wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two
+especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better
+times are coming, and when the law-suit is over "we will have roast
+pork for dinner every Sunday." The wife replies, "It shall be lamb."
+"But I say it shall be pork." "I hate pork, I'll have lamb." "Pork, I
+tell you." "I say lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have pork." The
+other quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he
+asks his wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns
+obstinate, he turns angry; at length they agree that the person who
+first speaks shall shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains
+the victory.--P. Hoare, _No Song, no Supper_ (1754-1834).
+
+CROPLAND (_Sir Charles_), an extravagant, heartless libertine and man
+of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on
+his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his
+personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter
+of a "poor gentleman," he offers her "a house in town, the run of his
+estate in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and £600 a year;" but
+the lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such "splendid infamy."
+At the end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the
+most ample apologies to all whom he has offended.--G. Colman, _The
+Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+CROQUEMITAINE [_Croak.mit.tain_], the bogie raised by fear. Somewhere
+near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress, which
+appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the
+difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself
+vanished into thin air.
+
+_Croquemitaine_ is a romance in three parts; the first part is a
+tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the
+paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa
+by Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress.
+Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear
+Fortress.
+
+CROQUIS (_Alfred_), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was attached
+to a series of character-portraits in _Frazer's Magazine_ between the
+years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870.
+
+CROS'BIE (_William_), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford
+the lawyer.
+
+_Mrs. Crosbie_, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.--Sir
+W. Scott. _Redgauntlet_, (time, George III.).
+
+CROSBITE (2 _syl_.), a barrister.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time
+George III.).
+
+CROSS PURPOSES, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named
+Bevil--Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards.
+They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the
+handsome daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the
+father, and obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her
+consent; and George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the
+two elder brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the
+contention of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding
+they have all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering
+that there are three of the same name.
+
+CROSS'MYLOOF, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+CROTHAR, "Lord of Atha," in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He was
+the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg ("bowmen") or Belgæ
+from Britain who colonized the _southern_ parts of Ireland. Crothar
+carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael or
+Caledonians, who had colonized the _northern_ parts of Ireland and
+held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch,
+a Cael, he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was
+himself slain by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became
+general, "Blood poured on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with
+ghosts." The Cael being reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the
+grandfather of Fingal) sent Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief.
+Conar, on his arrival in Ulster, was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg
+being subdued, he called himself "the King of Ireland."--Ossian,
+_Temora_, ii.
+
+_Crothar_, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho,
+over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked
+by Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own
+dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son
+Ossian with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of
+Crothar, attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian
+reached Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the
+army and slew the chief.--Ossian, _Croma_.
+
+CROTO'NA'S SAGE, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief
+school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.)
+
+CROWDE'RO, one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a
+bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or
+Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg
+in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of
+earning a living by playing on the _crowd_ or _crouth_ from ale-house
+to ale-house.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1664).
+
+(The _crouth_ was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more
+strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last
+noted performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who
+died 1720).
+
+CROWE _(Captain)_, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1 _syl_.),
+in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a modern Don
+Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza.
+
+CROWFIELD _(Christopher)_, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe
+(1814-).
+
+CROWN. Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or "Baron of the
+Holy Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had
+only worn a crown of thorns.
+
+Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear
+thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all.
+
+  Canute (truth worthy to be known)
+  From that time forth did for his brows disown
+  The ostentatious symbol of a crown,
+  Esteeming earthly royalty
+  Presumptuous and vain.
+
+CROWNED AFTER DEATH. Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her
+assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don
+Pedro. (See INEZ DE CASTRO.)
+
+CROWQUILL _(Alfred)_, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of _Leaves from
+my Memorandum-Book_ (1859), one of the artists of _Punch_ (1805-1872).
+
+CROYE _(Isabelle, countess of)_, a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke of
+Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis lés
+Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward
+concludes the novel.
+
+_The Countess Hameline of Croye_, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First
+disguised as Dame Perotte (2 _syl_.) at Plessis lés Tours; afterwards
+married to William de la Marck.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV).
+
+_Croye (Monseigneur de la_), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of
+Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CROYSA'DO _The Great_, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).--S. Butler,
+_Hudibras_.
+
+CRUDOR _(Sir)_, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her
+till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the
+beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this
+love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed
+her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his
+beard, as "passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor
+being overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this
+toll.--Spencer, _Faëry Queen_, v. 1. (1596).
+
+CRUEL _(The)_, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369).
+
+CRUIK'SHANKS _(Ebenezer)_, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. Sir
+W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+CRUM'MLES _(Mr. Vincent_), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager of
+the Portsmouth Theatre.
+
+  It was necessary that the writer should, like
+  Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in
+  the interest of "the pump and washing-tubs."--
+  P. Fitzgerald.
+
+_Mrs. Crummles_, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous,
+tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady
+Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full
+of kindness, and always willing to help the needy.
+
+_Miss Ninetta Crummles_, daughter of the manager, and called in the
+play-bills "the infant phenomenon."--C Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_
+(1838).
+
+CRUNCHER (_Jerry_), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was
+continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was
+a "resurrection man."--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859).
+
+CRUPP _(Mrs.)_, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham
+Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.--C.
+Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+CRUSHED BY ORNAMENTS. Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the Roman
+citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the Sabine
+bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the besiegers
+on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they wore on
+their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they passed
+threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn by
+the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G.
+Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion:
+
+  His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine
+  _[sic]_ maid, have not crushed him.--_Introductory
+  Essay to Longfellow_.
+
+CRUSOE _(Robinson)_, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe.
+Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life
+for many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by
+ingenious contrivances (1719).
+
+(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch
+sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited
+island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four
+months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to
+England.)
+
+  Was there ever anything written by mere
+  man that the reader wished longer except _Robinson
+  Crusoe, Don Quixote_ and _The Pilgrim's Progress!_--Dr.
+  Johnson.
+
+CRUTH-LODA, the war-god of the ancient Gaels.
+
+  On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda:
+  the house of the spirits of men. In the end of
+  his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of
+  swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy
+  mists, his right hand is on his shield.--Ossian,
+  _Cath-Loda._
+
+CUCKOLD KING _(The)_, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [_E.
+seld_] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of
+the Round Table.
+
+CUD'DIE or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady
+Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_
+(time, Charles II.).
+
+CUDDY, a herdsman, in Spenser's _Shephearde's Calendar._
+
+_Cuddy_, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far
+exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain,
+repels the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of
+their respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of
+their contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses,
+pronounces that "both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds
+are weary of the songs, and so am I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. iii.)
+
+CULDEES _(i.e. sequestered persons_), the primitive clergy
+of presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill
+_[I-columb-kill]_ by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563.
+They also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld,
+Kirkcaldy _[Kirk-Culdee]_, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some
+say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop
+of Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when
+those who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of
+the sect, and were not driven thence till 1203.
+
+  Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees
+  Were Albyn's _[Scotland's]_ earliest priests of God,
+  Ere yet an island of her seas
+  By foot of Saxon monk was trod.
+
+  Campbell, _Reullura_.
+
+CULLOCH _(Sawney)_ a pedlar.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CULPRIT FAY, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch
+the spray-gem from the sturgeon's "silver bow," and light his torch
+with a falling star.--Joseph Rodman Drake, _The Culprit Fay_ (1847).
+
+CUMBERLAND (_John of_). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a
+blunder for "The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous
+Scotch magician.
+
+  He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber,
+  The only man renowned for magick skill.
+  Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill.
+  A. Munday, _John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber_
+  (1595).
+
+_Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of_), commander-in-chief of
+the army of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially
+celebrated for his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called "The
+Butcher" from the great severity with which he stamped out the clan
+system of the Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at
+the battle of Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+  Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain,
+  And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan.
+  Campbell, _Lochiel's Warning_.
+
+CUMBERLAND POET (_The_), William
+
+Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850).
+
+CUMNOR HALL, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had
+been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses
+and lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field,
+which some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad
+the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and
+never more was that countess seen.
+
+[Illustration] Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his
+_Kenihvorth_, which he called _Cumnor Hall_, but Constable, his
+publisher, induced him to change the name.
+
+CUNÉGONDE _[Ku'.na.gond]_, the mistress of Candide (2 _syl_.). in
+Voltaire's novel called _Candide_. Sterne spells it "Cunëgund."
+
+CUN'NINGHAM _(Archie)_, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at
+Plessis lés Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CU'NO, the ranger, father of Agatha.--Weber, _Der Freischütz_ (1822).
+
+CUNO'BELINE, a king of the Silurês, son of Tasciov'anus and father of
+Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of "Cunobeline," and
+the word "Camalodunum" _[Colchester]_, the capital of his kingdom. The
+Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47
+Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner.
+
+Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's "Cymbeline," who reigned from
+B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius,
+his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius
+Lucius.
+
+  ... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin
+  Sank under Plautius' sword.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+CUNSTANCE or CONSTANCE (See CUSTANCE).
+
+CUPID AND PSYCHE [_Si.ky_] an episode in _The Golden Ass_ of Apuleius.
+The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psychê. He visited her
+every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not
+to attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her
+prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on
+his shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psychê now wandered in search
+of the lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty.
+Having suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and
+she became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris
+has poetized the same in his _Earthly Paradise_ ("May"); Lafontaine
+has a poem called _Psyché_, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius;
+and Molière has dramatized the subject.
+
+CU'PIDON (_Jean_). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron
+(1798-1852). The count's father was styled _Le Beau d' Orsay._
+
+CUR'AN, a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+CURÉ DE MEUDON, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then
+prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly curé of Meudon (1483-1553).
+
+CU'RIO, a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.--Shakespeare,
+_Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+_Curio_. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him "the betrayer
+of his country," alluding to the great statesman's change of politics.
+Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of
+Cæsar, but subsequently of Cæsar's party, and one of the victims of
+the civil war.
+
+  Is this the man in freedom's cause approved.
+  The man so great, so honored, so beloved ...
+  This Curio, hated now and scorned by all,
+  Who fell himself to work his country's fall?
+  Akenside, _Epistle to Curio_.
+
+CURIOUS IMPERTINENT (_The_), a tale introduced by Cervantês in his
+_Don Quixote_. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly
+enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to
+storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the
+fool is left to bewail his own folly.--Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605).
+
+CURRER BELL, the _nom de plume_ of Charlotte Brontê, author of _Jane
+Eyre_ [_Air_] (1816-1855).
+
+CURTA'NA, the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, and
+was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the
+royal sword of England was so called.
+
+  But when Curtana will not do the deed,
+  You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by,
+  And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly.
+  Dryden, _The Hind and the Panther_, ii. (1687).
+
+CURTA'NA or COURTAIN, the sword of Ogier the Dane.
+
+  He [_Ogier_] drew Courtain his sword out of its
+  sheath.
+  W. Morris, _Earthly Paradise_, (634).
+
+CURT-HOSE (2 _syl_.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134).
+
+CURT-MANTLE, Henry II. of England
+
+(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which
+was shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors.
+
+CURTIS, one of Petruchio's servants.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the
+Shrew_ (1594).
+
+PARSON CUSHING, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits of
+learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table,
+thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his
+tongue. He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture
+texts, and gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the
+doctrines of his denomination and would seal his faith with his blood,
+but admits that "the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions)
+are a very excellent statement of truth." He is Catholic without
+suspecting it.--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_, (1878).
+
+CUSTANCE, daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan of
+Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order
+to marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding
+breakfast slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked
+in a ship, which was set adrift and in due time reached the British
+shores, where Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of
+Northumberland, who took her home, and placed her under the care of
+his wife Hermegild. Custance converted both the constable and his
+wife. A young knight wished to marry her, but she declined his suit,
+whereupon he murdered Hermegild, and then laid the bloody knife beside
+Custance, to make her suspected of the crime. King Alia examined the
+case, and soon discovered the real facts, whereupon the knight was
+executed, and the king married Custance.
+
+The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the
+absence of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in
+a ship, which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years,
+it was taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and
+Custance with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It
+so happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage,
+and encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland
+and lived in peace and happiness the rest of her life.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).
+
+_Custance_, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes
+to marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.--Nicholas TJdall,
+_Ralph Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534).
+
+CUTE _(Alderman)_, a "practical philosopher," resolved to put down
+everything. In his opinion "everything must be put down." Starvation
+must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and
+poverty.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ (1844).
+
+CUTHAL, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys.
+
+CUTHBERT _(St.)_, a Scotch monk of the sixth century.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of _Verdant Green_
+(1857.)
+
+CUTHO'NA, daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son of
+Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated,
+Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On
+the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by
+force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the
+young men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died
+also.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.
+
+CUTHULLIN, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent during
+the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of Sorglan. In
+the poem called _Fingal_, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran, king of
+Lochlin _[Scandinavia]_, and being ashamed to meet Fingal, retired
+from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated Swaran,
+invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his depressed
+spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of Can'tela,
+rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the lake
+Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow.
+Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon
+dethroned by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.--Ossian, _Fingal_ and
+_The Death of Cuthullin_.
+
+CUTLER _(Sir John)_, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the utmost
+poverty.
+
+Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not
+build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want
+he could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples
+crowned, 'Twas very want that sold them for two pound....
+
+Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, "Virtue and wealth, what are
+ye but a name?" Pope, _Moral Essays_, iii. (1709).
+
+CUTPURSE (_Moil_), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy
+called _The Roaring Girl_ (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor,
+who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse
+once attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and
+sent to Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and
+died of dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his
+drama called _Amends for Ladies_ (1618).
+
+CUTSHAMAQUIN, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious son
+was "dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and
+serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, "and
+entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at
+which his father burst forth into great weeping."--John Eliot, _The
+Clear Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians_ (1648).
+
+CUTTLE (_Captain Edward_), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's
+instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook
+instead of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He
+was in the habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to
+overhaul the catechism till they found it;" but, he added, "when
+found, make a note on." The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of
+Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, whom he called "Wal'r." When
+Florence left her father's roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the
+Wooden Midshipman. One of his favorite sentiments was "May we never
+want a friend, or a bottle to give him."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_
+(1846).
+
+("When found, make a note of," is the motto of _Notes and Queries_.)
+
+CYC'LADES (3 _syl_.), some twenty islands, so called from the classic
+legend that they _circled round_ Delos when that island was rendered
+stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo.
+
+CYCLIC POETS, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or
+additions to Homer's _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_; they were called "Cyclic"
+because they confined themselves to the _cycle_ of the Trojan war.
+
+AG'IAS wrote an epic on "the return of the Greeks from Troy" (B.C.
+740).
+
+ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the _Iliad_, describing the taking
+of Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. Virgil has
+copied from this poet (B.C. 776).
+
+EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the _Odyssey_. It contains the
+adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he
+reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and
+Telegonos killed Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given
+him (B.C. 568).
+
+LES'CHES, author of the _Little Iliad_, in four books, containing the
+fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses,
+and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708).
+
+STASI'NOS, "son-in-law" of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the
+_Iliad_.
+
+CYCLOPS. Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See SINDBAD,
+voy. 3).
+
+_Cyclops (The Holy)_. So Dryden in the _Masque of Albion and
+Albanius_, calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator
+in the "Ryehouse Plot." He had lost one eye, and was executed.
+
+CYDIP'PE (3 _syl_), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being
+unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, "I swear by Diana that
+Acontius shall be my husband." This apple was presented to the
+maiden, and being persuaded that she had written the words, though
+inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for "the oath's sake."
+
+  Cydippe by a letter was betrayed,
+  Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid
+  Ovid, _Art of Love_, 1.
+
+CYL'LAROS, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (_Georg_. iii.
+90), but of Castor according to Ovid _(Metam._ xii. 408). It was
+coal-black, with white legs and tail.
+
+CYLLE'NIUS, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylenê, in Arcadia, where he
+was born.
+
+CYM'BELINE (3 _syl_.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five years.
+He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Cæsar. His father
+was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans exacted of
+Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Cæsar. Cymbeline married
+twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who married
+Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a former
+husband.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CYMOCHLES _[Si. mok'.leez]_, brother of Pyroch'lês, son of Aeratês,
+husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon,
+but being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence,
+and is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).--Spencer, _Faery Queen_, ii. 5,
+etc. (1590).
+
+CYMOD'OCE (4 _syl_.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk.
+iv. 12 of the _Faery Queen_, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as
+Cymo'ent "daughter of Nereus" (2_syl_.) by an earth-born father, "the
+famous Dumarin."
+
+CYMOENT. (See CYMODOCE.)
+
+CYM'RY, the Welsh.
+
+The Welsh always called themselves "Cym-ry", the literal meaning of
+which is "aborigines." ... It is the same word as "Cimbri." ... They
+call their language "Cymraeg," _i.e_, "the primitive tongue."--E.
+Williams.
+
+CYNGÆI'ROS, brother of the poet Æschylos. When the Persians, after the
+battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyngæiros seized one
+of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he grasped
+it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his
+teeth, and lost his life.
+
+ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in
+1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot;
+but (supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse
+sheered off.
+
+ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs
+shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the
+ship's mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants.
+
+JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the
+prophet. One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this
+also being cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last
+his head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which
+was thus detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to
+Khaled.
+
+CYNE'THA(3 _syl._), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales). He
+was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, Owen
+and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of age
+and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by exposing
+them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accompanied
+Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while Madoc was
+in Wales preparing for his second voyage.--Southey, _Madoc_, i. 3
+(1805).
+
+  Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cynëtha:
+  Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus.
+  _The Pentarchia_.
+
+CYNIC TUB (_The_), Diog'enês, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub,
+and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line:
+
+  [_They_] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub.
+  Milton, _Comus_, 708 (1634).
+
+CY'NOSURE (3 _syl_.), the pole-star. The word means "the dog's tail,"
+and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all
+observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1
+_syl_.).
+
+CYN'THIA, the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in Dêlos.
+Apollo is called "Cynthius."
+
+  ... watching, in the night,
+  Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light.
+  Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 2 (1756).
+
+_Cyn'thia._ So Spenser, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, calls
+Queen Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his
+heart's eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in _The Purple Island_, iii.,
+also calls Queen Elizabeth "Cynthia."
+
+  Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting..
+  Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes...
+  Her looks were like beams of the morning sun
+  Forth looking thro' the windows of the east...
+  Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense
+  Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
+  Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+_Cyn'thia_, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady
+Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 _syl_.). Sir Paul calls her
+"Thy"--W. Congreve, _The Double Dealer_ (1694).
+
+CYN'THIA WARE. Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in Tennessee,
+in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is sent to the
+penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly for a
+year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns that
+he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time, he
+returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon
+Lost Creek.
+
+  "His recollections were all vague, although at
+  some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially,
+  and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you
+  an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company
+  tergether.' He did not notice how pale
+  she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic
+  contraction of her features. She was
+  busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly
+  replied: 'Yes,--'though I always 'lowed ez I
+  counted on livin' single.'"--Charles Egbert Craddock,
+  _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1885).
+
+CYP'RIAN _(A)_, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island
+Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria.
+
+_Cyp'rian (Brother)_, a Dominican monk at the monastery of
+Holyrood.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CYRENA'IC SHELL _(The)_, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a Greek
+poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse are
+still extant.
+
+  For you the Cyrenaic shell
+  Behold I touch revering.
+
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CYR'IC _(St.)_, the saint to whom sailors address themselves. The St.
+Elmo of the Welsh.
+
+  The weary mariners
+  Called on St. Cyric's aid.
+  Southey, _Madoc_, i. 4 (1805).
+
+CYRUS AND TOM'YRIS. Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of Asia,
+was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia. Tomyris
+cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood,
+saying, as she did so, "There, drink thy fill." Dantê refers to this
+incident in his _Purgatory_, xii.
+
+  Consyder Syrus ...
+  He whose huge power no man might overthrowe,
+  Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe,
+  His head dismembered from his mangled corps
+  Herself she cast into a vessel fraught
+  With clotted bloud of them that felt her force.
+  And with these words a just reward she taught--
+  "Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught."
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_
+  ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+CYTHERE'A, Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now _Cerigo_), a
+mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite
+(or Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit
+affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by
+Vulcan, and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus.
+
+  He the fate [_May sing_]
+  Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained.
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CYZE'NIS, the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one
+that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own
+children.
+
+CZAR (_Casar_), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who,
+in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also
+introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national
+symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is _Samoderjetz_.
+D'ACUNHA (_Teresa_), waiting-woman to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+DAFFODIL. When Perseph'onê, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little
+maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather
+_white_ daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell
+asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to
+become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden
+yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of
+Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the
+meadows thenceforth abounded.
+
+  She stepped upon Sicilian grass,
+  Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair,
+  A child of light, a radiant lass,
+  And gamesome as the morning air.
+  The daffodils were fair to see,
+  They nodded lightly on the lea;
+  Persephonê! Persephonê!
+
+  Jean Ingelow, _Persephone_.
+
+DAGON, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2)
+Beëlzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was
+half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon,
+Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the
+"ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands
+were broken off.
+
+  Next came ...
+  Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man
+  And downward fish.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 457, etc. (1665).
+
+DAG'ONET (_Sir_), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two
+squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram
+soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their
+horses and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60).
+
+  King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well,
+  and made him knight; with his own hands; and
+  at every tournament he made King Arthur
+  laugh.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_.
+  ii. 97 (1470).
+
+Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he
+was a student at Clement's Inn.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act ii.
+sc. 2 (1598).
+
+[Illustration] Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other
+instances, from the old romance. The _History_ says that King Arthur
+made Dagonet knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him
+passing well;" but Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him "a
+mock-knight of the Round Table."--_The Last Tournament_, 1.
+
+DAISY MILLER. Mrs. Miller, _nouvelle riche_ and in true American
+subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is
+pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having "a good time" that she
+falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation
+and escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she
+contracts Roman fever and dies.--Henry James, Jr., _Daisy Miller_
+(1878).
+
+DAL'DAH, Mahomet's favorite white mule.
+
+DALES (_The_), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of _John
+Ward, Preacher_: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and dictatorial,
+a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects, including
+religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere dressing-gown,
+and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to protect his
+white head from draughts; reads "A Sentimental Journey;" looks at his
+wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent fourth at
+whist (1888).
+
+DALGA, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but Goltho
+is saved by his friend Ulfinore.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died
+1668).
+
+DALGARNO (_Lord Malcolm of_), a profligate young nobleman, son of
+the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes
+Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in "Alsatia."
+Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Hermïonê excites the displeasure
+of King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married
+her. After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie,
+the ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian
+bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+DALGETTY (_Dugald_,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with
+the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune,
+he is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of
+Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him
+in prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his
+escape, locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain
+Dalgetty was knighted. This "Ritt-master" is a pedant, very conceited,
+full of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge,
+a student of divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the
+highest bidder. The character is original and well drawn.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the
+campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island
+of Swinemünde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald
+Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters.
+
+DALTON (_Mrs._), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
+Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Dalton (Beginald)_, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart
+(1832).
+
+DALZELL (_General Thomas_), in the royal army of Charles II.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (1816).
+
+DAME DU LAC, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was "en la marche de la petite
+Bretaigne;" "en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons et
+moult riches."
+
+_Dame du Lac_, Sebille (2 _syl_.). Her castle was surrounded by a
+river on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it.
+Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of
+his wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is
+not in accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See
+ARTHUR.)--_Perceforest_, i. 42.
+
+DAM'IAN, a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights
+Templars.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DAMIOT'TI (_Dr. Baptisti_), a Paduan quack, who exhibits "the
+enchanted mirror" to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein
+the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.). DAMIS
+_[Dah.me]_, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 _syl_.), impetuous and
+self-willed.--Molière, _Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+DAMN WITH FAINT PRAISE.
+
+  Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer,
+  And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer.
+  Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 201 (1734).
+
+DAMNO'NII, the people of Damnonium, that is, Cornwall, Devon,
+Dorsetshire, and part of Somersetshire. This region, says Richard of
+Cirencester (_Hist._ vi. 18), was much frequented by the Phoenician,
+Greek, and Gallic merchants, for the metals with which it abounded,
+and particularly for its tin.
+
+  Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are,
+  The old Danmonii [_sic_] dwelt.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DAMARIS WAINRIGHT. A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune, whose
+mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly maturity
+under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness is her
+heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who has
+striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction, and
+makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits
+down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished
+mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia.
+
+  "With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her
+  feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant
+  her failing reason struggled to consciousness
+  as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time
+  to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it
+  up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he
+  sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished
+  will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew
+  her lover was at the door, and she knew also
+  that the feet of doom had been swifter than those
+  of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward
+  and threw open the door."
+
+  "'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which
+  pierced to every corner of the old mansion."
+
+Arlo Bates, _The Wheel of Fire_, (1885).
+
+DAM'OCLES (3 _syl_.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius _the
+Elder_, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes,
+Dionysius told him he would give him experimental proof thereof.
+Accordingly he had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at
+a sumptuous banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single
+horsehair, and Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break
+and the sword fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of
+kings are threatened every hour of the day.--Cicero.
+
+  Let us who have not our names in the Red
+  Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably
+  how miserable our betters may be, and that
+  Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is
+  served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging
+  over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or
+  hereditary disease, or family secret.--Thackeray,
+  _Vanity Fair_, xlvii. (1848).
+
+DAMOE'TAS, a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their
+pastorals.
+
+  And old Damoetas loved to hear our song.
+  Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638).
+
+DA'MON, a goat-herd in Virgil's third _Eclogue_. Walsh introduces the
+same name in his _Eclogues_ also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman.
+
+DAMON AND DELIA. Damon asks Delia why she looks so coldly on him. She
+replies because of his attention to Belvidêra. He says he paid these
+attentions at her own request, "to hide the secret of their mutual
+love." Delia confesses that his prudence is commendable, but his
+acting is too earnest. To this he rejoins that she alone holds his
+heart; and Delia replies:
+
+  Tho' well I might your truth mistrust,
+  My foolish heart believes you just;
+  Reason this faith may disapprove,
+  But I believe, because I love.
+
+Lord Lyttleton.
+
+DAMON AND MUSIDO'RA, two lovers who misunderstood each other. Musidora
+was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference; but one
+day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden that
+she at once accepted his proffered love.--Thomson, _The Seasons_
+("Summer," 1727).
+
+DA'MON AND PYTH'IAS. Damon, a senator of Syracuse, was by nature
+hot-mettled, but was schooled by Pythagore'an philosophy into a Stoic
+coldness and slowness of speech. He was a fast friend of the republic,
+and when Dionysius was made "King" by a vote of the senate, Damon
+upbraided the betrayers of his country, and pronounced Dionysius a
+"tryant." For this he was seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius,
+he was condemned to instant death. Damon now craved respite for four
+hours to bid farewell to his wife and child, but the request was
+denied him. On his way to execution, his friend Pythias encountered
+him, and obtained permission of Dionysius to become his surety, and to
+die in his stead, if within four hours Damon did not return. Dionysius
+not only accepted the bail, but extended the leave to six hours. When
+Damon reached his country villa, Lucullus killed his horse to prevent
+his return; but Damon, seizing the horse of a chance traveler, reached
+Syracuse just as the executioner was preparing to put Pythias to
+death. Dionysius so admired this proof of friendship, that he forgave
+Damon, and requested to be taken into his friendship.
+
+This subject was dramatized in 1571 by Richard Edwards, and again in
+1825 by John Banim.
+
+(The classic name of _Pythias_ is "Phintias.")
+
+DAMSEL OR DAMOISEAU (in Italian, _donzel_; in Latin, _domisellus_);
+one of the gallant youths domiciled in the _maison du roi._ These
+youths were always sons of the greater vassals. Louis VII. _(le
+Jeune_) was called "The Royal Damsel;" and at one time the royal
+body-guard was called "The King's Damsells."
+
+DAMSEL OF BRITTANY, Eleanor, daughter of Godffrey (second son of Henry
+II. of England). After the death of Arthur, his sister Eleanor was
+next in succession to the crown, but John, who had caused Arthur's
+death, confined Eleanor in Bristol Castle, where she remained till her
+death, in 1241.
+
+D'AMVILLE (2 _syl_), "the atheist," with the assistance of Borachio,
+murdered Montferrers, his brother, for his estates.--Cyril Tourneur,
+_The Atheists Tragedy_ (seventeenth century).
+
+DAM'YAN (2 _syl_.), the lover of May (the youthful bride of January, a
+Lombard knight, 60 years of age).--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The
+Merchant's Tale," 1388).
+
+DAN OF THE HOWLET HIRST, the dragon of the revels at Kennaquhair
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ and _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+DAN'AE, (3 _syl_.), an Argive princess, visited by Zeus [Jupiter]
+in the form of a shower of gold, while she was confined in an
+inaccessible tower.
+
+DANAID (3 _syl_), Dan'aus had fifty daughters, called the Danaïds or
+Dana'ïdês. These fifty women married the fifty sons of Ægyptus, and
+(with one exception) murdered their husbands on the night of their
+espousals. For this crime they were doomed in Hadês to pour water
+everlastingly into sieves.
+
+  Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove
+  The Danaid of a leaky vase.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+DANCING CHANCELLOR _(The)_, Sir Christopher Hatton, who attracted the
+attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing, at a masque. She
+took him into favor, and made him both Chancellor and knight of the
+Garter (died 1591).
+
+[Illustration] Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XIV., owed his
+fortune to his grace in dancing in the king's quadrille.
+
+Many more than one nobleman owed the favor he enjoyed at court to
+the way he pointed his toe or moved his leg.--A. Dumas, _Taking the
+Bastile._
+
+DANCING WATER _(The)_, from the Burning forest. This water had the
+power of imparting youthful beauty to those who used it. Prince Chery,
+aided by a dove, obtained it for Fairstar.
+
+  The dancing water is the eighth wonder of
+  the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them
+  young again, and even enriches them.--Comtesse
+  D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar,"
+  1682).
+
+DANDIES _(The Prince of_), Beau Brummel (1778-1840).
+
+DANDIN _(George)_, a rich French tradesman, who marries Ang'elique,
+the daughter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and has the "privilege"
+of paying-off the family debts, maintaining his wife's noble parents,
+and being snubbed on all occasions to his heart's content. He
+constantly said to himself; in self-rebuke, _Vous Vavez voulu, vous
+Vavez voulu, George Dandin!_ ("You have no one to blame but yourself!
+you brought it on yourself, George Dandin!")
+
+  Vous l'avez voulu, vous l'avez voulu, George
+  Dandin! vous l'avez voulu!... vous avez juste-ment
+  ce que vous meritez.--Molière, _George
+  Dandin_, i. 9 (1668).
+
+  "Well, _tu l'as voulu_, George Dandin," she said,
+  with a smile, "you were determined on it, and
+  must bear the consequences."--Percy Fitzgerald,
+  _The Parvenu Family_, ii. 262.
+
+[Illustration] There is no such phrase in the comedy as _Tu l'as
+voulu_, it is always _Vous Vavez voulu_.
+
+DAN'DOLO _(Signor)_, a friend to Fazio in prosperity, but who turns
+from him when in disgrace. He says:
+
+  Signor, I am paramount
+  In all affairs of boot and spur and hose;
+  In matters of the robe and cap supreme;
+  In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal
+  From my irrefragibility.
+
+Dean Milman, _Fazio_, ii. I (1815).
+
+DANGEAU _(Jouer a la_), to play as good a hand at cards as Phillippe
+de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1638-1720).
+
+DAN'GERFLELD _(Captain)_, a hired witness in the "Popish Plot"--Sir W.
+Scott, _Pe-veril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DANGLE, a gentleman bitten with the theatrical mania, who annoys a
+manager with impertinent flattery and advice. It is said that Thomas
+Vaughan, a playwright of small reputation, was the original of this
+character.--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (see act i. I), (1779).
+
+DAN'HASCH, one of the genii who did not "acknowledge the great
+Solomon."
+
+When the Princess Badoura in her sleep was carried to the bed of
+Prince Camaral'zaman that she might see him, Danhasch changed himself
+into a flea, and bit her lip, at which Badoura awoke, saw the prince
+sleeping by her side, and afterwards became his wife.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Camaralzarnan and Badoura.")
+
+DANIEL, son of Widow Lackitt; a wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of
+the softest mould, whom Lucy Weldon marries for his money.--Thomas
+Southern, _Oroonoko_ (1696).
+
+DAN'NISCHEMEND, the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel's
+narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+DANTÊ AND BEATRICE. Some say that Beatrice, in Dantê's _Divina
+Commedia_, merely personifies faith; others think it a real character,
+and say she was the daughter of the illustrious family of Portinari,
+for whom the poet entertained a purely platonic affection. She
+meets the poet after he has been dragged through the river Lethê
+_(Purgatory_, xxxi), and conducts him through paradise. Beatrice
+Portina'ri married Simon de Bardi, and died at the age of 24; Dante
+was a few months older.
+
+  Some persons say that Dante meant Theology
+  By Beatrice, and not a mistress; I ...
+  Deem this a commentator's phantasy.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 11 (1820).
+
+DANTÊ AND-VIRGIL. Virgil was Dante's poetic master and is described as
+conducting him through the realms depicted in the _Divina Commedia_.
+
+[Illustration] The poet married Gemma, of the powerful house of
+Donati. (See LOVES).
+
+_Dantê's Beard_. All the pictures of
+
+Dantê which I have seen represent him without any beard or hair on his
+face at all; but in _Purgatory_, xxxi., Beatrice says to him, "Raise
+thou thy beard, and lo! what sight shall do," _i.e._ lift up your face
+and look about you; and he adds, "No sooner lifted I mine aspect up
+... than mine eyes _(encountered)_ Beatrice."
+
+DAN DEVEREUX. A young Nantucket giant married to a dainty waif rescued
+in infancy from the sea. He marries her because she is homeless
+and seems to be in love with him. When too late, he knows that his
+affections are another's, and sees his wife fascinated by a handsome
+French adventurer. In an attempt to elope, the wife and her lover are
+wrecked, and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by the "terrible South
+Breaker--plunging and rearing and swelling, a monstrous billow,
+sweeping and swooping and rocking in." Dan in later life, marries
+Georgia, his first love.--Harriet Prescott Spofford, _The South
+Breaker_ (1863).
+
+DANTON OF THE CEVENNES. Pierre Seguier, prophet and preacher of
+Magistavols, in France. He was a leader amongst the Camisards.
+
+DANVERS _(Charles)_, an embyro barrister of the Middle Temple.--C.
+Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman._
+
+DAPH'NE (2 _syl_.)., daughter of Sileno and Mysis, and sister of Nysa.
+The favorite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in the character of a
+shepherd lad named "Pol."--Kate O'Hara, _Midas_ (a burletta, 1778).
+
+(In classic mythology Daphnê fled from the amorous god, and escaped by
+being changed into a laurel.)
+
+DAPH'NIS, a beautiful Sicilian shepherd, the inventor of bucolic
+poetry. He was a son of Mercury, and friend both of Pan and Apollo.
+
+  _Daph'nis_, the modest shepherd.
+
+  This is that modest shepherd, he
+  That only dare salute, but ne'er could be
+  Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or sing,
+  Whisper, or boldly ask.
+
+  John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 3
+  (1610).
+
+DAPH'NIS AND CHLO'E, a prose pastoral love story in Greek, by Longos
+(a Byzantine), not unlike the tale of _The Gentle Shepherd_, by Allan
+Ramsay. Gessner has also imitated the Greek romance in his idyll
+called _Daphnis_. In this lovestory Longos says he was hunting in
+Lesbos, and saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs a beautiful
+picture of children exposed, lovers plighting their faith, and the
+incursions of pirates, which he now expresses and dedicates to Pan,
+Cupid, and the nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover of Chloê.
+
+DAPPER, a lawyer's clerk, who went to Subtle "the alchemist," to be
+supplied with "a familiar" to make him win in horse-racing, cards,
+and all games of chance. Dapper is told to prepare himself for an
+interview with the fairy queen by taking "three drops of vinegar in
+at the nose, two at the mouth, and one at either ear," "to cry _hum_
+thrice and _buzz_ as often."--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+DAPPLE, the donkey ridden by Sancho Panza, in Cervantês' romance of
+_Don Quixote_ (1605-1615).
+
+DARBY AND JOAN. This ballad, called _The Happy Old Couple_, is printed
+in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, v. 153 (March, 1735).
+
+It is also in Plumtre's _Collections of Songs_, 152 (Camb. 1805), with
+the music. The words are sometimes attributed to Prior, and the first
+line favors the notion: "Dear _Chloe_, while thus beyond measure;"
+only Prior always spells _Chloe_ without "h."
+
+Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, loving couple, wholly averse to
+change of any sort. It is generally said that Henry Woodfall was the
+author of the ballad, and that the originals were John Darby (printer,
+of Bartholomew Close, who died 1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall
+served his apprenticeship with John Darby.
+
+  "You may be a Darby _[Mr. Hardcastle]_, but
+  I'll be no Joan, I promise you."--Goldsmith, _She
+  Stoops to Conquer_, i. 1 (1773).
+
+DRADU-LE'NA, the daughter of Foldath, general of the Fir-bolg or Belgæ
+settled in the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell in battle,
+
+  His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to
+  Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream,
+  where she slept, returning from the chase of
+  hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung ...
+  Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of
+  heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood
+  her wounded father seemed to come. He appeared
+  at times, then hid himself in mist.
+  Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that
+  the chief was low ... Thou wert the last of his
+  race, O blue-eyed Dardu-Lena!--Ossian, _Temora_,
+  v.
+
+DARGO, the spear of Ossian, son of Fingal.--Ossian, _Calthon and
+Colmal_.
+
+DAR'GONET, "the Tall," son of Astolpho, and brother of Paradine.
+In the fight provoked by Oswald against Duke Grondibert, which was
+decided by four combatants against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo
+the Little. Dargonet and his brother were rivals for the love of
+Lora.--Sir Wm. Davenant, _Gondibert_, i. (died 1668).
+
+DARI'US AND HIS HORSE. The seven candidates for the throne of Persia
+agreed that he should be king whose horse neighed first. As the horse
+of Darius was the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed king.
+
+  That brave Scythian
+  Who found more sweetness in his horse's neighing
+  Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing.
+
+Lord Brooke.
+
+DARLEMONT, guardian and maternal uncle of Julio of Harancour; formerly
+a merchant. He takes possession of the inheritance of his ward by foul
+means, but is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, and tyrannical.
+Every one fears him; no one loves him.--Thorn. Holcroft, _Deaf and
+Dumb_ (1785.)
+
+DARLING _(Grace)_, daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper on
+Longs tone, one of the Fame Islands. On the morning of September 7,
+1838, Grace and her father saved nine of the crew of the _Forfarshire_
+steamer, wrecked among the Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Castle
+(1815-1842).
+
+DARNAY _(Charles)_, the lover and afterwards the husband of Lucie
+Manette. He bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, and was a noble
+character, worthy of Lucie. His real name was Evrémonde.--C. Dickens,
+_A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859.)
+
+DARNEL _(Aurelia)_, a character in Smollet's novel entitled _The
+Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760).
+
+DARNLEY, the _amant_ of Charlotte [Lambert], in _The Hypocrite_, by
+Isaac Bicker-staff. In Molière's comedy of _Tartuffe_, Charlotte is
+called "Mariane," and Darnley is "Valère."
+
+DAR'-THULA, daughter of Colla, and "fairest of Erin's maidens." She
+fell in love with Nathos, one of the three sons of Usnoth, lord of
+Etha (in Argyllshire). Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with her,
+but his suit was rejected. Nathos was made commander of King Cormac's
+army at the death of Cuthullin, and for a time upheld the tottering
+throne. But the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and at length found
+means to murder the young king; whereupon the army under Nathos
+deserted. Nathos was now obliged to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled
+with him. A storm drove the vessel back to Ulster, where Cairbar was
+encamped, and Nathos, with his two brothers, being overpowered by
+numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was arrayed as a young warrior; but when her
+lover was slain "her shield fell from her arm; her breast of snow
+appeared, but it was stained with blood. An arrow was fixed in
+her side," and her dying blood was mingled with that of the three
+brothers.--Ossian, _Dar-Thula_ (founded on the story of "Deirdri," i.
+_Trans, of the Gaelic Soc_.)
+
+DAR'TLE (_Rosa_), companion of Mrs. Steerforth. She loved Mrs.
+Steerforth's son, but her love was not reciprocated. Miss Dartle is a
+vindictive woman, noted for a scar on her lip, which told tales when
+her temper was aroused. This scar was from a wound given by young
+Steerforth, who struck her on the lip when a boy.--C. Dickens, _David
+Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DARWIN'S MISSING LINK, the link between the monkey and man. According
+to Darwin, the present host of animal life began from a few elemental
+forms, which developed, and by natural selection propagated certain
+types of animals, while others less suited to the battle of life died
+out. Thus, beginning with the larvae of ascidians (a marine mollusc,)
+we get by development to fish lowly organized (as the lancelet),
+thence to ganoids and other fish, then to amphibians. From amphibians
+we get to birds and reptiles, and thence to mammals, among which comes
+the monkey, between which and man is a MISSING LINK.
+
+DASHALL (_The Hon. Tom_), cousin of Tally-ho. The rambles and
+adventures of these two blades are related by Pierce Egan (1821-1822).
+
+D'ASUMAR (_Count_), an old Nestor who fancied nothing was so good as
+when he was a young man.
+
+  "Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable
+  to those I knew heretofore; and the tournaments
+  are not performed with half the magnificence as
+  when I was a young man...." Seeing some
+  fine peaches served up, he observed, "In my
+  time, the peaches were much larger than they
+  are at present; natures degenerates every day."
+  "At that rate," said his companion, smiling,
+  "the peaches of Adam's time must have been
+  wonderfully large."--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 7
+  (1724).
+
+DAUGHTER (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (1836). Marian, "daughter" of
+Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed to Edward, a sailor, who went on
+his last voyage, and intended then to marry her. During his absence a
+storm at sea arose, a body was washed ashore, and Robert went down to
+plunder it. Marian went to look for her father and prevent his robbing
+those washed ashore by the waves, when she saw in the dusk some one
+stab a wrecked body. It was Black Norris, but she thought it was her
+father. Robert being taken up Marian gave witness against him, and he
+was condemned to death. Norris said he would save her father if she
+would marry him, and to this she consented; but on the wedding day
+Edward returned. Norris was taken up for murder, and Marian was saved.
+
+DAUGHTER WITH HER MURDERED FATHER'S HEAD. Margaret Roper, daughter of
+Sir Thomas More, obtained privately the head of her father, which had
+been exposed for some days on London Bridge, and buried it in St.
+Dunstan's Church, Canterbury (1835). Tennyson alludes to this in the
+following lines:--
+
+  Morn broadened on the borders of the dark,
+  Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance
+  Her murdered father's head.
+
+The head of the young earl of Derwent-water was exposed on Temple Bar
+in 1716. His wife drove in a cart under the the arch, and a man, hired
+for the purpose, threw the young earl's head into the cart, that it
+might be decently buried--Sir Bernard Burke Mdlle. de Sombreuil,
+daughter of the Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the sharing her
+father's prison during the "Reign of Terror," and in accompanying him
+to the guillotine.
+
+DAUPHIN _(Le Grand_), Louis duc de Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis
+XIV., for whom was published the _Delphine Classics_ (1661-1711).
+
+_Dauphin (Le Petit)_, son of the "Grand Dauphin" (1682-1712).
+
+DAURA, daughter of Armin. She was betrothed to Armar, son of Armart,
+Erath a rival lover having been rejected by her. One day, disguised as
+an old grey-beard, Erath told Daura that he was sent to conduct her
+to Armar, who was waiting for her. Without suspicion she followed her
+guide, who took her to a rock in the midst of the sea, and there left
+her. Her brother Arindal, returning from the chase, saw Erath on the
+shore, and bound him to an oak; then pushing off the boat, went to
+fetch back his sister. At this crisis Armar came up, and discharged
+his arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck Arindal, and killed him. "The
+boat broke in twain," and Armar plunged into the sea to rescue his
+betrothed; but a "sudden blast from the hills struck him, and he sank
+to rise no more." Daura was rescued by her father, but she haunted the
+shore all night in a drenching rain. Next day "her voice grew very
+feeble; it died away; and spent with grief, she expired." Ossian,
+_Songs of Selma_.
+
+DAVENANT (_Lord_), a bigamist. One wife was Marianne Dormer, whom
+he forsook in three months. It was given out that he was dead, and
+Marianne in time married Lord Davenant's son. His other wife was
+Louisa Travers, who was engaged to Captain Dormer, but was told that
+the Captain was faithless and had married another. When the villainy
+of his lordship could be no longer concealed he destroyed himself.
+
+_Lady Davenant_, one of the two wives of Lord Davenant. She was "a
+faultless wife," with beauty to attract affection, and every womanly
+grace.
+
+_Charles Davenant_, a son of Lord Davenant, who married Marianne
+Dormer, his father's wife.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious Husband_
+(1783).
+
+_Davenant (Will)_, a supposed descendant from Shakespeare,
+and Wildrake's friend,--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the
+Commonwealth).
+
+DAVENPORT (_Colonel_), a Revolutionary veteran who, fighting the
+battle of Long Island over again in Parson Cushing's family, admits
+that General Washington poured out "a terrible volley of curses."
+
+"And he swore?" objects Parson Gushing.
+
+"It was not profane swearing. It was not taking GOD'S name in vain,
+for it sent us back as if we had been chased by lightning. It was
+an awful hour, and he saw it. It was life or death; country or no
+country."--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_ (1878).
+
+DAVID, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_ is meant for
+Charles II. As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled against him,
+so the Duke of Monmouth rebelled against his father Charles II. As
+Achitophel was a traitorous counsellor to David, so was the Earl of
+Shaftesbury to Charles II. As Hushaï outwitted Achitophel, so Hyde
+(duke of Eochester) outwitted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc.
+
+  Auspicious prince.
+  Thy longing country's darling and desire,
+  Their cloudy pillar, and their guardian fire ...
+  The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme,
+  The young men's vision and the old men's dream.
+
+Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).
+
+_David_, king of North Wales, eldest son of Owen, by his second wife.
+Owen died in 1169. David married Emma Plantagenet, a Saxon princess.
+He slew his brother Hoel and his half-brother Yorworth (son of Owen
+by his first wife), who had been set aside from the succession in
+consequence of a blemish in the face. He also imprisoned his brother
+Rodri, and drove others into exile. Madoc, one of his brothers, went
+to America, and established there a Welsh colony.--Southey, _Madoc_
+(1805).
+
+DAVID SOVINE. Witness in a murder case in Edward Eggleston's novel
+_The Graysons._ He is put upon the stand and tells a plausible story
+of "the shooting," which he claims to have seen. The prosecutor then
+hands him over to the prisoner's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose
+cross-examination of the wretched man concludes thus:
+
+"Why does David Sovine go to all this trouble to perjure himself? Why
+does he wish to swear away the life of that young man who never did
+him any harm? Because that witness shot and killed George Lockwood
+himself. I move your honor that David Sovine be arrested at once for
+murder!" (1888).
+
+DAVID SWAN. A native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents who
+has had a "classic finish" by a year at Grilmanton Academy. He lies
+down to sleep at noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his head on a
+bundle of clothing. While sound asleep in the shade, he is passed by
+many people on the road. Five or six pause to survey the youth and
+comment upon him. Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts to the top,
+and bowls away, unconscious that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and
+of Death had visited him in the brief hour since he lay down to
+sleep.--Nathaniel Hawthorn, _Twice-told Tales_, (1851.)
+
+_David (St.)_, son of Xantus, prince of Cereticu _(Cardiganshire)_ and
+the nun Malearia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. St. David first
+embraced the ascetic life in the Isle of Wight, but subsequently
+removed to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, where he founded twelve
+convents. In 577 the archbishop of Caerleon resigned his see to
+him, and St. David removed the seat of it to Menevia, which was
+subsequently called St. David's and became the metropolis of Wales. He
+died at the age of 146, in the year 642. The waters of Bath "owe their
+warmth and salutary qualities to the benediction of this saint."
+Drayton says he lived in the valley of Ewias (2 _syl_.), between the
+hills of Hatterill, in Monmouthshire.
+
+  Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown,
+  In which not to this day the sun hath ever shown.
+  That reverend British saint in zealous ages past,
+  To contemplation lived.
+
+_Polyolbion_, iv. (1612.)
+
+DAVID AND JONATHAN, inseparable friends. The allusion is to David the
+Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. David's lamentation at the
+death of Jonathan was never surpassed in pathos and beauty.--2
+_Samuel_, i. 19-27.
+
+DAVIE DEBET, debt.
+
+  So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy hall,
+  Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand,
+  And bids thee welcome to thine own decay.
+
+G. Gascoigne, _Magnum Vectigal, etc_. (died 1775).
+
+DAVIE OF STENHONSE, a friend of Hobbie Elliott.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DAVIES (_John_), an old fisherman employed by Joshua Geddes the
+quaker.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III).
+
+DA'VUS, a plain, uncouth servitor; a common name for a slave in Greek
+and Roman plays, as in the _Andria_ of Terence.
+
+  His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.
+  His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth name.
+
+T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, liv. (1557).
+
+_Davus sum, non Oedipus._ I am a homely man, and do not understand
+hints, innuendoes, and riddles, like Oedipus. Oedipus was the
+Theban who expounded the riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his
+countrymen. Davus was the stock name of a servant or slave in Latin
+comedies. The proverb is used by Terence, _Andria_, 1, 2, 23.
+
+DAVY, the varlet of Justice Shallow, who so identifies himself with
+his master that he considers himself half host half varlet. Thus when
+he seats Bardolph and Page at table, he tells them they must take
+"his" good will for their assurance of welcome.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry
+IV_. (1598).
+
+DAW (_Sir David_), a rich, dunder-headed baronet of Monmouthshire,
+without wit, words, or worth, but believing himself somebody, and
+fancying himself a sharp fellow, because his servants laugh at his
+good sayings, and his mother calls him a wag. Sir David pays his suit
+to Miss [Emily] Tempest; but as the affections of the young lady are
+fixed on Henry Woodville, the baron goes to the wall.--Cumberland,
+_The Wheel of Fortune_ (1779).
+
+_Daw (Marjorie)_ Edward Delaney, writing to another young fellow, John
+Flemming, confined in town in August by a broken leg, interests him
+in a charming girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has met in his
+(Delaney's) summering-place. His description of her ways, sayings and
+looks so works upon the imagination of the invalid that he falls madly
+in love with her--_without_ sight. As soon as he can travel he rushes
+madly down to "The Pines" where his friend is staying, and finds
+instead of Delaney a letter:
+
+... "I tried to make a little romance to interest you, something
+soothing and idyllic, and by Jove! I've done it only too well ... I
+fly from the wrath to come--when you arrive! For, O, dear Jack, there
+isn't any colonial mansion on the other side of the road, there isn't
+any piazza, there isn't any hammock,--there isn't any Marjorie Daw!"
+
+Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Marjorie Daw_ (1873).
+
+DAWFYD, "the one-eyed" freebooter chief.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+DAWKINS (_Jack_), known by the sobriquet of the "Artful Dodger." He
+is one of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young scamp of unmitigated
+villainy, and full of artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper.--C.
+Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).
+
+DAWSON (_Bully_), a London sharper, bully, and debauchee of the
+seventeenth century.--See _Spectator_, No. 2.
+
+Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half the town kicked by
+Bully Dawson.--Charles Lamb.
+
+_Dawson (Jemmy)._ Captain James Dawson was one of the eight officers
+belonging to the Manchester volunteers in the service of Charles
+Edward, the young pretender. He was a very amiable young man, engaged
+to a young lady of family and fortune, who went in her carriage to
+witness his execution for treason. When the body was drawn, _i.e._
+embowelled, and the heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed, "James
+Dawson!" and expired. Shenstone has made this the subject of a tragic
+ballad.
+
+  Young Dawson was a gallant youth,
+  A brighter never trod the plain;
+  And well he loved one charming maid,
+  And dearly was he loved again.
+
+Shenstone, _Jemmy Dawson_.
+
+_Dawson (Phoebe)_, "the pride of Lammas Fair," courted by all the
+smartest young men of the village, but caught "by the sparkling
+eyes" and ardent words of a tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before
+marriage, and after marriage he turned a "captious tyrant and a noisy
+sot." Poor Phoebe drooped, "pinched were her looks, as one who pined
+for bread," and in want and sickness she sank into an early tomb. This
+sketch is one of the best in Crabbe's _Parish Register_ (1807).
+
+DAY (_Justice_), a pitiable hen-pecked husband, who always addresses
+his wife as "duck" or "duckie."
+
+_Mrs. Day_, wife of the "justice," full of vulgar dignity,
+overbearing, and loud. She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her
+husband's father; but being raised from the kitchen to the parlor,
+became my lady paramount.
+
+In the comedy from which this farce is taken, "Mrs. Day" was the
+kitchen-maid in the family of Colonel Careless, and went by the name
+of Gillian. In her exalted state she insisted on being addressed as
+"Your honor" or "Your ladyship."
+
+Margaret Woffington [1718-1760], in "Mrs. Day," made no scruples to
+disguise her beautiful face by drawing on it the lines of deformity,
+and to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar manners of an old
+hypocritical city vixen.--Thomas Davies.
+
+_Abel Day_, a puritanical prig, who can do nothing without Obadiah.
+This "downright ass" (act i. I) aspires to the hand of the heiress
+Arabella.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.
+
+This farce is a mere _réchauffé_ of _The Committee_, a comedy by
+the Hon. Sir R. Howard (1670). The names of "Day," "Obadiah," and
+"Arabella" are the same.
+
+_Day (Ferquhard)_, the absentee from the clan Chattan ranks at the
+conflict.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+DAY OF THE DUPES, November 11, 1630. The dupes were Marie de Medicis,
+Anne of Austria, and Gaston, duc d'Orléans, who were outwitted by
+Cardinal Richelieu. The plotters had induced Louis XIII. to dismiss
+his obnoxious minister, whereupon the cardinal went at once to resign
+the seals of office; the king repented, re-established the cardinal,
+and he became more powerful than ever.
+
+DAYS RECURRENT IN THE LIVES OF GREAT MEN.
+
+BECKET. Tuesday was Becket's day. He was born on a Tuesday, and on
+a Tuesday was assassinated. He was baptized on a Tuesday, took his
+flight from Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew to France on a Tuesday,
+had his vision of martydom on a Tuesday, returned to England on a
+Tuesday, his body was removed from the crypt to the shrine on a
+Tuesday, and on Tuesday (April 13, 1875) Cardinal Manning consecrated
+the new church dedicated to St. Thomas à Becket.
+
+CROMWELL'S day was September 3. On September 3, 1650, he won the
+battle of Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won the battle of
+Worcester; on September 3, 1658, he died.
+
+HAROLD'S day was October 14. It was his birthday, and also the day of
+his death. William the Conqueror was born on the same day, and, on
+October 14, 1066, won England by conquest.
+
+NAPOLEON'S day was August 15, his birthday; but his his "lucky" day,
+like that of his nephew, Napoleon III., was the 2nd of the month. He
+was made consul for life on August 2, 1802; was crowned December
+2, 1804; won his greatest battle, that of Austerlitz, for which
+he obtained the title of "Great," December 2, 1805; married the
+archduchess of Austria, April 2, 1810; etc.
+
+NAPOLEON III. The _coup d'état_ was December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon
+was made emperor December 2, 1852; he opened, at Saarbrück, the
+Franco-German war August 2, 1870; and surrendered his sword to William
+of Prussia, September 2, 1870.
+
+DAZZLE, in _London Assurance_, by D. Boucicault.
+
+  "Dazzle" and "Lady Gay Spanker" "act
+  themselves," and will never be dropped out of
+  the list of acting plays.--Percy Fitzgerald.
+
+DE BOURGO (_William_), brother of the earl of Ulster and commander of
+the English forces that defeated Felim O'Connor (1315) at Athunree, in
+Connaught.
+
+  Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [_Irish infantry_]
+  Beneath De Bourgo's battle stern.
+
+Campbell, _O'Connor's Child_.
+
+DE COURCY, in a romance called _Women_, by the Rev. C.R. Maturin. An
+Irishman, made up of contradictions and improbabilities. He is in love
+with Zaira, a brilliant Italian, and also with her unknown daughter,
+called Eva Wentworth, a model of purity. Both women are blighted by
+his inconstancy. Eva dies, but Zaira lives to see De Courcy perish of
+remorse (1822).
+
+DE GARD, a noble staid gentleman, newly lighted from his travels;
+brother of Oria'na, who "chases" Mi'rabel "the wild goose," and
+catches him.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).
+
+DE L'EPÈE (_Abbe_). Seeing a deaf and dumb lad abandoned in the
+streets of Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up under the name of
+Theodore. The foundling turned out to be Julio, count of Harancour.
+
+"In your opinion, who is the greatest genius that France has ever
+produced?" "Science would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [_would_] say
+Buffon; Wit and Taste [_would_] present Voltaire; and Sentiment plead
+for Rousseau; but Genius and Humanity cry out for De l'Epee, and him
+I call the best and greatest of human creatures."--Th. Holcroft, _The
+Deaf and Dumb_, iii. 2. (1785).
+
+DE VALMONT (_Count_), father of Florian and uncle of Geraldine. During
+his absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, the Baron Longueville,
+guardian of his castle; but under the hope of coming into the
+property, the baron set fire to the castle, intending thereby to kill
+the wife and her infant boy. When De Valmont returned and knew his
+losses, he became a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, frantic at
+times, and at times most melancholy. He adopted an infant "found in a
+forest," who turned out to be his son. His wife was ultimately found,
+and the villainy of Longueville was brought to light.--W. Dimond, _The
+Foundling of the Forest._
+
+Many "De Valmonts" I have witnessed in fifty-four years, but have
+never seen the equal of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].--Donaldson.
+
+DEAF AND DUMB (_The_), a comedy by Thomas Holcroft. "The deaf and
+dumb" boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward of M. Darlemont, who,
+in order to get possession of his ward's property, abandons him when
+very young in the streets of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abbé De
+l'Epèe, who brings him up under the name of Theodore. The boy being
+recognized by his old nurse and others, Darlemont confesses his crime,
+and Julio is restored to his rank and inheritance.--Th. Holcroft, _The
+Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).
+
+DEAN OF ST. PATRICK (_The_), Jonathan Swift, who was appointed to the
+deanery in 1713, and retained it till his death. (1667-1745).
+
+DEANS (_Douce Davie_), the cowherd at Edinburgh, noted for his
+religious peculiarities, his magnanimity in affection, and his
+eccentricities.
+
+_Mistress Rebecca Deans_, Douce Davie's second wife.
+
+_Jeanie Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his first wife. She
+marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. Jeanie Deans is
+a model of good sense, strong affection, resolution, and
+disinterestedness. Her journey from Edinburgh to London is as
+interesting as that of _Elizabeth_ from Siberia to Moscow, or of
+Bunyan's pilgrim.
+
+_Effie [Euphemia] Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his second
+wife. She is betrayed by George [afterward Sir George] Staunton
+(called _Geordie Robertson_) and imprisoned for child-murder. Jeanie
+goes to the queen and sues for pardon, which is vouchsafed to her,
+and Staunton does what he can to repair the mischief he has done by
+marrying Effie, who thus becomes Lady Staunton. Soon after this Sir
+George is shot by a gypsy boy, who proves to be his own son, and
+Effie retires to a convent on the Continent.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II).
+
+[Illustration] J.E.Millais has a picture of Effie Deans keeping tryst
+with George Staunton.
+
+[Illustration] The prototype of Jeanie Deans was Helen Walker, to
+whose memory Sir W. Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray churchyard
+(Kirkcudbright).
+
+DEAN (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal church, official who brings a
+charge of heretical opinions and blacksliding against his pastor's
+wife in _John Ward, Preacher_, Margaret Deland (1888).
+
+DEATH OR MORS. So did Tennyson call Sir Ironside the Red Knight of the
+Red Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Lionês) captive in Castle Perilous.
+The name "Mors," which is Latin, is very inconsistent with a
+purely British tale, and of course does not appear in the original
+story.--Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette"); Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 134-137 (1470).
+
+DEATH FROM STRANGE CAUSES.
+
+Æschylus was killed by the fall of a tortoise on his head from the
+claws of an eagle in the air.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Agath'ocles (4 _syl_.), tyrant of Sicily, was killed by a tooth-pick,
+at the age of 95.
+
+Anacreon was choked by a grape stone.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Bassus (_Q. Lucilius_) died from the prick of a fine needle in his
+left thumb.
+
+Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of laughter at the thought of his
+having outlived the time predicted for his death.
+
+Charles VIII., conducting his queen into a tennis-court, struck his
+head against the lintel, and it caused his death.
+
+Fabius, the Roman praetor, was choked by a single goat-hair in the
+milk which he was drinking.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales, died from the blow of a cricket
+ball.
+
+Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, because (in observance of
+the rule of St. Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of anything.
+
+Louis VI. met with his death from a pig running under his horse, and
+causing it to stumble. Margutte died of laughter on seeing a monkey
+try ing to pull on a pair of his boots.
+
+Philom'enes (4 _syl_.) died of laughter at seeing an ass eating the
+figs provided for his own dessert.--Valerius Maximus.
+
+Placut (_Phillipot_) dropped down dead while in the act of paying a
+bill.--Backaberry the elder.
+
+Quenelault, a Norman physician of Montpellier, died from a slight
+wound made in his hand in the extraction of a splinter.
+
+Saufeius (_Spurius_) was choked supping up the albumen of a
+soft-boiled egg.
+
+Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at sight of a hag which he had
+just depicted.
+
+DEATH RIDE (_The_), the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava,
+October 25, 1854. In this action 600 English horsemen, under the
+earl of Cardigan, charged a Russian force of 5,000 calvary and six
+batallions of infantry. They galloped through the battery of thirty
+guns, cutting down the artillerymen, and through the calvary, but then
+discovered the batallions and cut their way back again. Of the 670
+who advanced to this daring charge, not 200 returned. This reckless
+exploit was the result of some misunderstanding in an order from the
+commander-in-chief. Tennyson has a poem on the subject called _The
+Charge of the Light Brigade_.
+
+For chivalrous devotion and daring, "the Death Ride" of the Light
+Brigade will not easily be paralleled.--Sir Edw. Creasy, _The Fifteen
+Decisive Battles_ (preface).
+
+DEB'ON, one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable,
+Devonshire is a corruption of "Debon's-share", or the share of the
+country assigned to Debon.
+
+DEBORAH DEBBITCH, governante at Lady Peveril's--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DEBORAH WOODHOUSE. The practical sister of the spinster pair who
+cherish (respectively) a secret attachment for Mr. Dermer. Miss
+Deborah is an admirable cook, and an affectionate aunt and considers
+that in religion a woman ought to think just as her husband
+does.--Margaret Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ (1888).
+
+DECEM SCRIPTORES, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English
+history, edited by Twysden and John Selden. The names of the
+chroniclers are Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham,
+Ailred of Rieval, Ralph De Diceto, John Brompton of Jorval, Gervase
+of Canterbury, Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, and Henry
+Knighton of Leicester.
+
+DECEMBER. A mother laments in the
+
+  "Darkest of all Decembers
+  Ever her life has known,"
+
+the death of two sons, one of whom fell in battle, while the other
+perished at sea.
+
+  "Ah, faint heart! in thy anguish
+  What is there left to thee?
+  Only the sea intoning
+  Only the wainscot-mouse
+  Only the wild wind moaning
+  Over the lonely house!"
+
+Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_, (1882).
+
+DE'CIUS, friend of Antin'ous (4 _syl_.).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Laws
+of Candy_ (1647).
+
+DEDLOCK _(Sir Leicester), bart_., who has a general opinion that the
+world might get on without hills, but would be "totally done up"
+without Dedlocks. He loves Lady Dedlock, and believes in her
+implicity. Sir Leicester is honorable and truthful, but intensely
+prejudiced, immovably obstinate, and proud as "county" can make a man;
+but his pride has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Dedlock
+becomes known.
+
+_Lady Dedlock_, wife of Sir Leicester, beautiful, cold, and apparently
+heartless; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that
+before marriage she had had a daughter by Captain Hawdon. This
+daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel.
+
+_Volumnia Dedlock_, cousin of Sir Leicester. A "young" lady of 60,
+given to rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She has a habit of prying
+into the concerns of others.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+DEE'S SPEC'ULUM, a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought to
+him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it
+passed into the possession of the Earl of Peterborough, at Drayton;
+then to Lady Betty Grermaine, by whom it was given to John, last duke
+of Argyll. The duke's grandson (Lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to
+Horace Walpole; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the
+curiosities of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott.
+At the sale of Mr. Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the
+possession of the late Lord Londesborough. A writer in _Notes and
+Queries_ (p. 376, November 7, 1874) says, it "has now been for many
+years in the British Museum," where he saw it "some eighteen years
+ago."
+
+This magic speculum is a flat _polished mineral, like cannel coal_, of
+a circular form, fitted with a handle.
+
+DEERSLAYER (_The_), the title of a novel by J.F. Cooper, and the
+nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. He is a model
+uncivilized man, honorable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and
+without reproach.
+
+DEERFIELD. The particulars of the captivity of the Williams family
+of Deerfield, (Mass.), are told by John Williams, the head of the
+household. The Indians entered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703,
+broke into the house, murdered two children and a servant and carried
+the rest into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams being weak from a recent
+illness, was killed on the journey.--John Williams, _The Redeemed
+Captive Returning to Zion_ (1707).
+
+DEFARGE (_Mons._), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourg St. Antoine,
+in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but implacable-looking
+man.
+
+_Mde. Defarge_, his wife, a dangerous woman, with great force of
+character; everlastingly knitting.
+
+Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at
+anything.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, i. 5 (1859).
+
+DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, the title first given to Henry VIII, by Pope
+Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the
+papacy, and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the
+Vatican, and contains this inscription in the king's handwriting;
+_Anglorum rex Henricus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus et fidei testem et
+amicitiæ_; whereupon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign)
+conferred upon Henry, by bull, the title "Fidei Defensor," and
+commanded all Christians so to address him. The original bull was
+preserved by Sir Robert Cotton, and is signed by the pope,
+four bishop-cardinals, fifteen priest-cardinals, and eight
+deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the bull, with its seals and
+signatures, may be seen in Selden's _Titles of Honor_, v. 53-57
+(1672).
+
+DEFOE writes _The History of the Plague of London_ as if he had been
+a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the the time
+(1663-1731).
+
+DEGGIAL, antichrist. The Mohammedan writers say he has but one eye and
+one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written CAFER ("infidel")
+
+Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his
+exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the earth.--W.
+Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+DEIRD'RI, an ancient Irish story similar to the _Dar-Thula_ of Ossian.
+Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons
+of Usnach. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which
+terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three
+tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (1) The death of the children
+of Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans); (2) the death of the children
+of Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife; (3) the death of the
+children of Usnach (a "Milesian" story).
+
+DEK'ABRIST, a Decembrist, from _Dekaber_, the Russian for December.
+It denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part
+they took in the military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg
+in December, 1825, on the accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne.
+
+DELA'DA, the tooth of Buddah, preserved in the Malegawa temple at
+Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief
+that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When
+the English (in 1815) obtained possession of this palladium, the
+natives submitted without resistance.
+
+DELASERRE (_Captain Philip_), a friend of Harry Bertram.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DE'LIA, Diana; so called from the island Delos, where she was born.
+Similarly, Apollo was called _Delius_. Milton says that Eve, e'en
+
+  Delia's self,
+  In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport,
+  Though not as she with bow and quiver armed.
+
+_Paradise Lost_, ix. 338, etc. (1665).
+
+_Delia_, any female sweetheart. She is one of the shepherdesses in
+Virgil's _Eclogues_. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls his lady-love
+"Delia," but what her real name was is not certain.
+
+_Delia_, the lady-love of James Hammond's elegies, was Miss Dashwood,
+who died in 1779. She rejected his suit, and died unmarried. In one of
+the elegies the poet imagines himself married to her, and that they
+were living happily together till death, when pitying maids would tell
+of their wondrous loves.
+
+DELIAN KING (_The_). Apollo or the sun is so called in the Orphic
+hymn,
+
+  Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds
+  The central heavens.
+
+Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).
+
+DELIGHT OF MANKIND (_The_), Titus the Roman emperor, A.D.40, (79-81).
+
+  Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam,
+  More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread
+  Of storm and horror: "The Delight of Men."
+
+Thomson, _Liberty_, in. (1725).
+
+DELLA CRUSCA SCHOOL, originally applied in 1582 to a society in
+Florence, established to purify the national language and sift from it
+all its impurities; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets
+(at the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs.
+Piozzi. This school was conspicuous for affectation and high-flown
+panegyrics on each other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in _The
+Baviad_, in 1794, and _The Moeviad_, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed
+himself _Della Crusca_, James Cobb, a farce-writer, James Boswell
+(biographer of Dr. Johnson), O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft,
+Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs. H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were
+its best exponents.
+
+DEL'PHINE, (2 _syl._), the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de
+Staël. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover,
+and dies of a broken heart. This novel, like _Corinne_, was written
+during her banishment from France by Napoleon I., when she travelled
+in Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that "Delphine" was
+meant for the authoress herself (1802).
+
+DELPHINE CLASSICS (_The_), a set of Latin classics edited in France
+for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief
+editor, assisted by Montausier and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine
+scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very
+valuable.
+
+DELTA [Illustration] of _Blackwood_ is D.M.Moir (1798-1851).
+
+DEL'VILLE (2 _syl_.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man
+of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty humility and
+condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social
+inferiors.--Miss Burney, _Cecilia_ (1782). DEME'TIA, South Wales; the
+inhabitants are called Demetians.
+
+  Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612).
+
+DEME'TRIUS, a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 _syl_.) promised his
+daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to
+marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in
+quest of her, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four
+fell asleep, and "dreamed a dream" about the fairies. On waking,
+Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia disliked him, but
+that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and
+take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out
+how the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with
+Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's Dream_ (1592).
+
+_Deme'trius_, in _The Poetaster_, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John
+Marston (died 1633).
+
+_Deme'trius_, (4 _syl_.), son of King Antig'onus, in love with Celia,
+_alias_ Enan'thê.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_
+(1647).
+
+_Deme'trius_, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius
+Comnenus.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+DEMIURGUS, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made the
+world and all that it contains. The Logos or "Word" of St. John's
+Gospel (ch. i. I) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians.
+
+DEMOC'RITOS (in Latin _Democritus_), the laughing or scoffing
+philosopher, the Friar Bacon of his age. To "dine with Democ'ritos"
+is to go without dinner, the same as "dining with Duke Humphrey," or
+"dining with the cross-legged knights."
+
+People think that we [_authors_] often dine with Democritos, but there
+they are mistaken. There is not one of the fraternity who is not
+welcome to some good table.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, xii. 7 (1735).
+
+DEMOCRITUS JUNIOR, Robert Burton, author of _The Anatomy of
+Melancholy_ (1576-1640).
+
+DEMOD'OCOS (in Latin _Demodocus_), bard of Alcin'ous (4 _syl_.) king
+of the Phæa'cians.
+
+  Such as the wise Demodicos once told
+  In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast,
+  While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest
+  Are held, with his melodious harmony,
+  In willing chains and sweet captivity.
+
+Milton, _Vacation Exercise_ (1627).
+
+DEM'OGOR'GON, tyrant of the elves and fays, whose very name inspired
+terror; hence Milton speaks of "the dreaded name of Demogorgon"
+(_Paradise Lost_, ii. 965). Spenser says he "dwells in the deep abyss
+where the three fatal sisters dwell" (_Faëry Queen_, iv. 2); but
+Ariosto says he inhabited a splendid palace on the Himalaya Mountains.
+Demogorgon is mentioned by Statius in the _Thebaid_, iv. 516.
+
+He's the first-begotten of Beëlzebub, with a face as terrible as
+Demogorgon.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_, v. 2 (1680).
+
+DEMON. Increase Mather tells a long and circumstantial story of _The
+Demon at William Morse His House_, time of visitation being 1679.
+"The true story of these strange disturbances is as yet not certainly
+known," he says. "Some (as has been hinted), did suspect Morse's wife
+to be guilty of witchcraft."--Increase Mather, _An Essay for the
+Eecording of Illustrious Providences_ (1681). DEMOPH'OÔN (4 _syl._)
+was brought up by Demêter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged
+him every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity,
+watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck; whereupon Demêter told
+her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth.
+
+[Illustration] This story is also told of Isis.--Plutarch, _De Isid.
+et Osirid_., xvi. 357.
+
+[Illustration] A similar story is told of Achillês. His mother Thet'is
+was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father
+Pe'leus (2 _syl_.) interfered.--Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_.,
+iv. 866.
+
+DEMOS'THENES OF THE PULPIT. Dr. Thomas Rennell, dean of Westminster,
+was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840).
+
+DENDIN (_Peter_), an old man, who had settled more disputes than all
+the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to
+wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention,
+and longed to end their disputes; then he would interpose, and his
+judgment could not fail to be acceptable.
+
+_Tenot Dendin_, son of the above, but, unlike the father, he always
+tried to crush quarrels in the bud; consequently, he never succeeded
+in settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment.--Rabelais,
+_Pantagruel_, in. 41 (1545).
+
+(Racine has introduced the same name into his comedy called _Les
+Plaideurs_ (1669), and Lafontaine in his _Fables_ 1668).
+
+DENNET (_Father_), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DENNIS the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the "No Popery Riots;"
+the other two were Hugh, servant of the Maypole inn, and the
+half-witted Barnaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when he "turned
+off" others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most
+grovelling and craven spirit.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+_Dennis (John)_, "the best abused man in English literature." Swift
+lampooned him; Pope assailed him in the _Essay on Criticism_; and
+finally he was "damned to everlasting fame" in the _Dunciad_. He is
+called "Zo'ïlus" (1657-1733).
+
+DENNISON _(Jenny)_, attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries
+Cuddie Headrigg.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DERMER _(Mr.)_, a little bachelor lawyer, whose face has "a pinched,
+wistful look" under the curls of his brown wig. He lives in a dreary
+house, with a testy housekeeper, and a timid little nephew-ward, and
+spends many of his lonely hours in trying to decide if he loves Miss
+Deborah Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic Miss Ruth. On his
+death-bed, he gives an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss Ruth.
+
+  "Not that I have--have changed my mind,
+  but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss Deborah's
+  sister should give me--if she will be
+  so good--her hand, that I may say 'goodbye'"--Margaret
+  Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_
+  (1888).
+
+D'ÉON DE BEAUMONT (_Le Chevalier_), a person notorious for the
+ambiguity of his sex; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was
+pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a
+woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the
+czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed
+captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again,
+which he maintained till death (1728-1810).
+
+DERBY (_Earl of_), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near
+kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died
+1362. Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne,
+and was noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He
+defeated the Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the
+castle of Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only
+1000, taking prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights,
+and squires (1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur,
+Montpezat, Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and
+Reole.
+
+That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant
+son, the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men,
+
+Dayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).
+
+_Derby (Countess of)_, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby
+and Queen of Man.
+
+_Philip (earl of Derby)_, King of Man, son of the countess.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DANIEL DERONDA, pure young fellow whose influence for good over men
+and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that
+virtue is mightier than vice. "You could not have seen his face
+thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures
+had done nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to
+come."--George Eliot, _Daniel Deronda_.
+
+DER'RICK, hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The
+crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman.
+
+_Derrick (Faith)._ The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel _Say and
+Seal_ (1860).
+
+_Derrick (Tom)_, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+DERRY DOWN TRIANGLE _(The)_, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis of
+Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on the
+title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being
+the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments.
+Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water spouting
+from a pump."
+
+  _Q_. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh?
+  _A_. Because it is a slender thing of wood,
+  That up and down its awkward arm doth sway,
+  And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away,
+  In one weak, washy, everlasting flood.
+
+  T. Moore.
+
+DERVISH ("_a poor man_"), a sort of religious friar or mendicant among
+the Mohammedans.
+
+DESBOROUG-H _(Colonel)_, one of the parliamentary commissioners.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+DESDEMO'NA, daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with
+Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her
+intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him
+to believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict
+between love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and
+then stabs himself.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611.)
+
+The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of
+innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to
+suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill
+in human nature.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+DESERT FAIRY _(The)_. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that
+could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and
+crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by
+my coif you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my
+crutch."--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682).
+
+DESERTED DAUGHTER _(The)_, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the
+daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady
+Anne. In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought
+up by strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a
+money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with
+Mrs. Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains
+Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees
+her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent
+repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and
+she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784).
+
+[Illustration] This comedy has been recast, and called _The Steward_.
+
+DESERTER _(The)_, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a soldier,
+is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of gallantry
+to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love, Louisa
+in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the
+procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of
+desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death.
+Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with
+his pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat.
+
+DESMAS. The repentant thief is so called in _The Story of Joseph
+of Arimathea_; but Dismas in the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus._
+Longfellow, in _The Golden Legend_, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent
+thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus.
+
+  Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis:
+  _Dismas et Gesmas_, media est Divina Potestas;
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas;
+  Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas.
+
+  Of differing merits from three trees incline
+  Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine;
+  Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves,
+  The power Divine by death the sinner saves.
+
+DESMONDS OF KILMALLOCK (Limerick). The legend is that the last
+powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that
+every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake
+early in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim
+his own again. (See BARBAROSSA.)--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_.
+
+DESPAIR (_Giant_), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and
+Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark
+dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without "one bit of bread, or drop
+of drink, or ray of light." By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the
+giant beat them soundly "with a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night
+Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called "Promise,"
+which would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon
+door, and they both made their escape with speed.--John Bunyan,
+_Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+DEUCE IS IN HIM (_The_) a farce by George Colman, senior. The person
+referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the farce
+is given (1762).
+
+DEUGA'LA, says Ossian, "was covered with the light of beauty, but her
+heart was the house of pride."
+
+DEVE'TA, plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hindû
+mythology.
+
+DEVIL (_The_). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the
+king's barber, was called _Le Diable_, because he was as much feared,
+was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the
+prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484.
+
+_Devil (The French)_, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at
+Dunkirk (1650-1702).
+
+_Devil (The White)_. George Castriot, surnamed "Scanderbeg," was
+called by the Turks "The White Devil of Wallachia" (1404-1467).
+
+_Devil (The Printer's)_. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the
+holy Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his
+office. This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and
+went by the name of the "printer's devil." In order to protect him
+from persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a
+public exhibition of the boy, and announced that "any one who doubted
+him to be flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him."
+
+_Devil (Robert the)_, of Normandy; so called because his father was
+said to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight
+(1028-1035).
+
+[Illustration] Robert Francois Damiens is also called _Robert le
+Diable_, for his attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757).
+
+_Devil (Son of the)_, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of
+Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259).
+
+DEVIL DICK, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808).
+
+DEVIL ON TWO STICKS, (_The_), that is _Le Diable Boiteux_, by Lesage
+(1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from the
+Spanish, _El Diabolo Cojuelo_, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (_le
+diable boiteux_) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador,
+and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and
+expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling.
+
+_Devil on Two Sticks (The)_, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the
+medical profession.
+
+DEVIL TO PAY, (_The_), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has
+a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits
+named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that
+the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John.
+When my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and
+soon reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two
+are restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an
+obedient, modest wife (died, 1745).
+
+DEVIL'S AGE (_The_). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor
+gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they
+could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at
+his wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then
+into a barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came
+his Satanic majesty, and said, "_X and x_ years have I lived," naming
+the exact number, "yet never saw I an animal like this." The gentlemen
+had heard enough, and was able to answer the question without
+difficulty.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 58 (1877).
+
+DEVIL'S CHALICE (_The_). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large sum
+of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was either
+to say "of what the devil made his chalice," or else give his head to
+the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself in the
+crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides. Said
+one witch to another, "You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his
+head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his
+chalice. In fact I don't know myself." "Don't you?" said the other;
+"why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays."--The farmer
+was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his
+answer.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 71 (1877).
+
+DEVIL'S DYKE, BRIGHTON (_The_). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking
+over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had
+rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable
+majesty in person. "Ha, ha!" said the prince of darkness; "so you
+think by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban,
+do you? Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land
+with the sea." "Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. Cuthman, and
+hies him to sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on
+the spot of the present Dyke House. "Sister," said the saint, "I love
+you well. This night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the
+convent windows from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said
+by the holy sisterhood." At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and
+spade, mattock: and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to
+dig a dyke which should let the waters of the seas into the downs.
+"Fire and brim-stone!"--he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and
+fell in sacred song--"Fire and brim-stone! What's the matter with
+me?" Shoulders, feet, wrists, loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went
+mattock and spade, pickaxe and shovel, and just at that moment the
+lights at the convent windows burst forth, and the cock, mistaking the
+blaze for daybreak, began to crow most lustily. Off flew the devil,
+and never again returned to complete his work. The small digging he
+effected still remains in witness of the truth of this legend of the
+"Devil's Dyke."
+
+DEVIL'S PARLIAMENT (_The_), the parliament assembled by Henry VI. at
+Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke of
+York and his chief supporters.
+
+DEVIL SACRAMENT. This blasphemous rite whereby those who would
+practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is
+described by Deodat Lawson in 1704.
+
+"At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red
+drink, and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink
+thereof she turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will
+not eat, I will not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan
+endeavor to have his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of
+our Lord Jesus Christ."--Deodat Lawson, _Christ's Fidelity the only
+Shield against Satan's Malignity_ (1704).
+
+DEVONSHIRE, according to historic fable, is a corruption of
+"Debon's-share." This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the
+descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a
+pit eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell
+backwards and lost his life.
+
+  ... that ample pit, yet far renowned
+  For the great leap which Debon did compel
+  Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground,
+  Into the which retourning back he fell ...
+  And Debon's share was that is Devonshire.
+
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1590).
+
+DE'VORGOIL (_Lady Jane_), a friend of the Hazlewood family.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DEWLAP (_Dick_), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more upon
+his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most
+telling points.
+
+I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of
+a fat paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.--Richard
+Steele.
+
+DEXTER, (_Gregory_), the typical Successful Man who is first suitor,
+then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore
+Woolson's _Anne_.
+
+  "A little indifference to outside opinion would
+  have made him a contented, as he was a successful
+  man. But there was a surface of personal
+  vanity over his better qualities which led him to
+  desire a tribute of universal liking." (1882).
+
+DHU (_Evan_) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.
+
+_Mhich-Connel Dhu_. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of
+Montrose.--
+
+Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+DHUL'DUL, the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet.
+
+DHU'L KARNEIN ("_the two-horned_,") a true believer according to the
+Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of Gog
+and Magog.--_Al Korân_, xviii.
+
+  Commentators say the wall was built in this
+  manner: The workman dug till they found
+  water; and having laid the foundation of stone
+  and melted brass, they built the superstructure
+  of large pieces of iron, between which they
+  packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled
+  the height of the mountains [_of Armenia_]. Then
+  setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of
+  bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured
+  molten brass over to fill up the interstices.
+
+--Al Beidawi.
+
+DHU'LNUN, the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was _swallowed
+by a fish_.
+
+Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we
+could not exercise our power over him.--_Al Korân_, xxi.
+
+DIAFOIRUS (_Thomas_), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical
+milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in
+marriage. Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches,
+and on one occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, "Madame,
+vous m'avez interrompu dans le milieu de ma période, et cela m'a
+troublé la mémoire." His father says, "Thomas, reservez cela pour une
+autre fois." Angelique loves Cléante (2 _syl_.), and Thomas Diafoirus
+goes to the wall.
+
+Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on
+remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il était petit, il n'a jamais
+été ce qu'on appelle mièvre et éveille; on le voyait toujours doux,
+paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais à
+tons ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.--Molière, _Le Malade
+Imaginaire_, ii.6 (1673).
+
+DI'AMOND, one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agapê. Though very
+strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were
+Pri'amond and Tri'amond.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+DIAMOND JOUSTS, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called
+because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by
+Sir Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a
+tiff, flung them into the river which ran by the palace.--Tennyson,
+_Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine").
+
+DIAMOND SWORD, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of the
+Gold Mines.
+
+
+She gave him a sword made of one entire diamond, that gave as great
+lustre as the sun.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow
+Dwarf," 1682).
+
+
+DIANA, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated from
+the _Daphnis_ and _Chloe_ of Longos (fourteenth century).
+
+_Dian'a_, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged
+on her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram
+wantonly loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the
+means of bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife
+Helena.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598).
+
+DIAN'A DE LASCOURS, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and
+sister of Martha, _alias_ Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de
+Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the
+Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+DIAN'A THE INEXORABLE. (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows, for
+daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Actæon into a stag and set
+her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to look
+upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons and
+six daughters of Niobé, because the fond mother said she was happier
+than Latona, who had only two children.
+
+  Dianae non movenda numina.
+
+Horace, _Epode_, xvii.
+
+DIANA THE SECOND OF SALMANTIN, a pastoral romance by Gil Polo.
+
+"We will preserve that book," said the cure, "as carefully as if
+Apollo himself had been its author."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i.
+6 (1605).
+
+DIANA _(the Temple of_), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of
+antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name.
+
+DIANA OF THE STAGE, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748).
+
+DIAN'A'S FORESTERS, "minions of the moon," "Diana's knights," etc.,
+highwaymen.
+
+  Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king,
+  let not us that are "squires of the night's body"
+  be called _thieves_ ... let us be "Diana's foresters,"
+  "Gentlemen of the shade," "minions of the
+  moon."--Shakespeare, I _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2
+  (1597).
+
+DIANO'RA, wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by Ansaldo.
+In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never to yield
+to his suit till he could "make her garden at midwinter as gay with
+flowers as it was in summer" (meaning _never_). Ansaldo, by the aid of
+a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told
+him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not
+to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his
+claim, and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of
+Gilberto.--Bocaccio, _Decameron_, x.5.
+
+The _Franklin's Tale_ of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See
+DORIGEN).
+
+DIARMAID, noted for his "beauty spot," which he covered up with his
+cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in
+love with him.--Campbell, _Tales of the West Highlands_ ("Diarmaid and
+Grainne").
+
+DIAV'OLO (_Fra_), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria
+(1760-1806).--Auber, _Fra Diavolo_ (libretto by Scribe, 1836).
+
+DIBBLE (_Davie_), gardener at Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _Antiquary_
+(time, George III.).
+
+_Dibu'tades_ (4 _syl_.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on
+the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This,
+it is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the
+same process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of
+sculpture in relief.
+
+
+Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than that fair daughter of
+Dibutades tracing the beloved shadow on the wall!--Ouida, _Ariadnê_,
+i. 6.
+
+
+DICAE'A, daughter of Jove, the "accusing angel" of classic mythology.
+
+  Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage.
+
+  Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vi. (1633).
+
+DICCON THE BEDLAMITE, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A
+specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech:
+
+  Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies,
+  And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais;
+  Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted,
+  And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ...
+  When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee,
+  And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee
+  Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle,
+  Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale.
+
+  _Gammer Gurton's Needle_ (1575).
+
+DICIL'LA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+chastity.--Ariosto, _Orlanda Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DICK, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+_Dick_, called "The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;" a falconer and
+follower of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_
+(time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Dick (Mr.)_, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's "aunt,"
+Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick
+is especially mad on the subject of Charles I.--C. Dickens, _David
+Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DICK AMLET, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick
+assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel
+Shapely, in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the
+daughter of Gripe, a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his
+mother makes her appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs.
+Amlet promises to give her son £10,000, and so the wedding is
+adjusted. Dick is a regular scamp, and wholly without principle; but
+being a dashing young blade, with a handsome person, he is admired by
+the ladies.--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+DICK SHAKEBAG, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the
+Alsatian bully).--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I).
+
+DICKSON (_Thomas_) farmer at Douglasdale.
+
+_Charles Dickson_, son of the above, killed in the church.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+DICTA'TOR OF LETTERS, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the
+"Great Pan" (1694-1778).
+
+DICTIONARY (_A Living_). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so called by
+George I.
+
+[Illustration] Longinus was called "The Living Cyclopaedia" (213-273).
+
+[Illustration] Daniel Huet, chief editor of the _Delphine Classics_,
+was called a _Porcus Literarum_ for his unlimited knowledge
+(1630-1721).
+
+DIDDLER (_Jeremy_), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond, who
+borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other
+expedients.--Kenny, _Raising the Wind_.
+
+DIDERICK, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As Arthur
+is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French romance,
+so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers. DIDIER
+(_Henri_), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 _syl_.); a gentleman in
+feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his _fiancée_ through all
+her troubles.--Ed. Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+DIDO, _daughter of Belus, king of Tyre_. She bought "as much land in
+Africa as a bull's hide could cover," shred the hide into strings, and
+enclosed a large tract. Æneas was wrecked upon her coast, and a love
+affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after watching
+his ship until it was out of sight.
+
+DIE'GO, the sexton to Lopez the "Spanish curate."--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+_Die'go (Don)_, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora,
+whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as
+her face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her
+home and place her under a duenna for three months, and then either
+return her to them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the
+expiration of the time, he went to settle the marriage contract; and,
+to make all things sure, locked up the house, giving the keys to
+Ursula, but to the outer door he attached a huge padlock, and put the
+key in his pocket. Leander, being in love with Leonora, laughed at
+locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 _syl_.), found them about to
+elope. Being a wise man, he not only consented to their union, but
+gave Leonora a handsome marriage portion.--I. Bickerstaff, _The
+Padlock._
+
+DIES IRAE. The name generally given from the opening words to a
+mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the
+hymn is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples,
+Thomas de Celano, who died about 1255.
+
+  Dies irae, dies ilia
+  Sol vet sseclum in favilla
+  Teste David cum Sibylla.
+
+  That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day
+  When Heaven and Earth shall pass away,
+  So David and the Sibyl say.
+
+DIET OF PERFORMERS.
+
+BEAHAM sang on _bottled porter_.
+
+CATLEY _(Miss)_ took _linseed tea and madeira._
+
+COOKE _(G.F.)_ drank everything.
+
+HENDEESON, _gum arable and sherry_.
+
+INCLEDON sang on _madeira_.
+
+JOEDAN _(Mrs.)_ drank _calves'-foot jelly and sherry._
+
+KEAN _(C.)_ took _beef-tea_ for breakfast, and preferred a
+_rump-steak_ for dinner.
+
+KEAN _(Edm.)_ EMERY and REEVE drank _cold brandy-and-water._
+
+KEMBLE _(John)_ took _opium_.
+
+LEWIS, _mulled wine_ and _oysters_.
+
+MACEEADY used to eat the _lean of mutton-chops_ when he acted, and
+subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet.
+
+OXBERRY drank _tea_.
+
+RUSSELL _(Henry)_ took a _boiled egg_.
+
+SMITH (_W_.) drank _coffee_.
+
+WOOD (_Mrs_.) sang on _draught porter_.
+
+WEENCH and HAELEY took _no_ refreshment during a performance.--W. O.
+Russell, _Representative Actors_. 272.
+
+DIE'TRICH (2 _syl_.). So Theod'oric _The Great_ is called by the
+German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen
+Kriemhild in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and
+succeeded in capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These
+he handed over to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she
+cut off both their heads with her own hands.--_The Niebelungen Lied_
+(thirteenth century.)
+
+_Dietrich (John)_, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years
+under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister
+of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a
+cock crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit
+the upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they
+yielded to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which
+he bought half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became
+founder of a very powerful family.--Keightley, _Fairy Mythology_. (See
+TANHAUSER.)
+
+DIETZ _(Bernard)._ Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of deep and
+gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the sick
+room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel _The Open Door._
+He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh,
+
+"I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk
+about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't
+feel at home without a block of stone to clip."
+
+His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul
+of the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo
+contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener
+profoundly.
+
+"You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only _seem_ to. The
+life in us--it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,--it doesn't ask
+us if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it _can_ be
+destroyed" (1889).
+
+DIEU ET MON DROIT, the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors
+(1198).
+
+DIGGERY, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being
+stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with
+the same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly
+(a ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite
+character is "Alexander the Great," the son of "Almon." One day,
+playing _Romeo and Juliet_, he turns the oven into the balcony, but,
+being rung for, the girl acting "Juliet" is nearly roasted alive. (See
+DIGGORY.)--J. Jackman, _All the World's a Stage_.
+
+DIGGES (_Miss Maria_), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at the
+Spa.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+DIGGON [DAVIE], a shepherd in the _Shephearde's Calendar_, by Spenser.
+He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands, hoping
+to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and profligacy
+of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched condition of the
+flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and their abandoned
+mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story about Roffynn
+(_the bishop of Rochester_) and his watchful dog Lauder catching a
+wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.--_Ecl_. ix. (September, 1572 or
+1578).
+
+DIGGORY, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and
+footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar,
+laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while
+serving. (See DIGGERY.)--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_. (1773).
+
+_Diggory_ (_Father_), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DIMANCHE, (_Mons_.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman, applies to
+Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable courtesy,
+but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts him with
+some such question as, _Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?_ or _Et
+votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?_ or _Le petit
+Colin fait-il toujours bien du bruit avec son tambour?_ or _Ét votre
+petit chien Brusquet, gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort_ ...? and, after
+a time, he says he is very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the
+present, and he leaves Mons. without his once stating the object of
+his call. (See SHUFFLETON.) Molière, _Don Juan_ (1665).
+
+DIMMESDALE _(Arthur)._ Master Prynne, an English physician living in
+Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent
+his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained
+two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes
+was his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and
+with the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet
+on her breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale,
+regarded by all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was
+earnestly exhorting her to declare the name of the child's father, but
+she steadfastly refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had
+heard in Amsterdam rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover
+her betrayer and to hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the
+name of Roger Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and
+wounded pride, soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than
+Dimmesdale himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship
+he attached himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search
+for the secret cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended
+is shown in that wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates
+of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the
+love-child, Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.--Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, _The Scarlet Letter_.
+
+DINANT', a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love Lamira.
+the wife of Champernel.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French
+Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+DINARZA'DE (_4 syl_.), sister of Scheherazadê, Sultana of Persia.
+Dinarzadê was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an
+hour before daybreak, and say, "Sister, relate to me one of those
+delightful stories you know," or "Finish before daybreak the story
+you began yesterday." The sultan got interested in these tales, and
+revoked the cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak
+the wife he had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.)
+
+DINAS EMRYS, or "Fort of Ambrose" (_i.e._ Merlin), on the Brith,
+a part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was
+constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the
+night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the
+cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation
+of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each
+other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first
+prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool.
+The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the
+Saxons. At first the Saxons (or _white serpent_) prevailed, but in the
+end "our people" _the red serpent_ "shall chase the Saxon race beyond
+the sea."--Nennius, _History of the Britons_ (842).
+
+  And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous
+  steep
+  Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where
+  the serpents fought
+  The white that tore the red, for whence the
+  prophet taught
+  The Britons' sad decay.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, x, (1612).
+
+DINE WITH DUKE HUMPHREY (_To_), to have no dinner to go to. The Duke
+referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and
+buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried
+in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be
+erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers,
+who were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who
+tarried in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed
+to be so busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded
+the dinner hour.
+
+DINER-OUT OF THE FIRST WATER, the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by the
+_Quarterly Review_ (1769-1845).
+
+DINGLE (_Old Dick of the_), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot
+farm.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DINGWALL (_Davie_), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time William III.).
+
+DINIAS AND DERCYLLIS (_The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of_), an
+old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enês in
+twenty-four books and entitled _Incredible Things beyond Thule_ [_Ta
+HuperThoulen Apista_], a store-house from which subsequent writers
+have borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an
+outline of its contents.
+
+DINMONT (_Dandy, i.e._ Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store farmer
+at Charlie's Hope. He is called "The fighting Dinmont of Liddesdale."
+
+_Ailie Dinmont_, wife of Dandy Dinmont.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_
+(time George II.).
+
+[Illustration] This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.
+
+DINNER BELL. Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so long
+as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797).
+
+DIOCLE'TIAN, the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under the
+charge of the "seven wise masters" (_Italian version_).
+
+In the _French_ version, the father is called
+"Dolop'athos."--_Sandabar's Parables_.
+
+DIOG'ENES, Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search for
+an honest man.
+
+DIOG'ENES (4 _syl_.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher Michael
+Agelestês (4 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time,
+Rufus).
+
+DI'OMEDE (3 _syl_.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was himself
+eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Herculês.
+
+DION (_Lord_), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with
+Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page,
+Euphrasia assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service
+of Philaster.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies
+a-bleeding_ (1638).
+
+(There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in
+Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_, 1614).
+
+DIONÆ'AN CÆSAR, Julius Cæsar, who claimed descent from Venus, called
+Dionê from her mother. Æneas was son of _Venus_ and Anchisês.
+
+  Ecce, Dionæi processit Cæsaris astrum.
+
+  Virgil, _Eclogues_, ix. 47.
+
+DIO'NE (3 _syl_.), mother of Aphroditê (_Venus_), Zeus or Jove being
+the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dionê.
+
+  Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess,
+  Where young Dionê strays; with sweetest airs
+  Entice her forth to lend her angel form
+  For Beauty's honored image.
+
+  Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, (1744).
+
+DIONYS'IA, wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Periclês prince of Tyre
+commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be
+motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out
+of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus,
+hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon
+are burnt to death in the flames,--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of
+Tyre_ (1608).
+
+DIONYS'IUS, tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned him
+in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death.
+But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own
+breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a
+tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him,
+when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he
+fell dead at her feet.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).
+
+[Illustration] In this tragedy there are several gross historical
+errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who
+was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius
+died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the _younger_ Dionysius
+who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes
+Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave
+Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous
+living, etc.
+
+_Dionys'ius_ [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan
+army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the
+Pythagorean" opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the
+tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents
+whereby he was saved are to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).
+
+_Damon and Pythias_, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John
+Banim, in 1825.
+
+_Dionys'ius_ [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to
+Corinth and turned schoolmaster.
+
+  Corinth's pedagogue hath now
+  Transferred his byword _[tyrant]_ to thy brow.
+
+  Byron, _Ode to Napoleon_.
+
+DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE was one of the judges of the Areopagite when
+St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated
+by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed
+to him. The _Isido'rian Decretals_ is a somewhat similar forgery by
+Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after
+Isidore.
+
+  The error of those doctrines so vicious
+  Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+DIOSCU'RI _(sons of Zeus_), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but
+incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.
+
+DIOTI'MA, the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's _Symposium_, the
+teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end,
+and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socratês died of hemlock.
+
+  Beneath an emerald plane
+  Sits Diotima, teaching him that died
+  Of Hemlock.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.
+
+DIPLOMATISTS _(Prince of_), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Pèrigord
+(1754-1838).
+
+DIPSAS, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from
+intolerable thirst. (Greek, _dipsa_, "thirst.") Milton refers to it in
+_Paradise Lost_, x. 526 (1665).
+
+DIPSODES (2 _syl_.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King
+Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28).
+Pantagruel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand
+million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men),
+besides women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers
+(bk. iii. I).--Rabelais, _Pantag'ruel_ (1545).
+
+DIP'SODY, the country of the Dipsodes (2 _syl), q.v._
+
+DIRCÆ'AN SWAN, Pindar; so called from Dircê, a fountain in the
+neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)
+
+DIRLOS or D'YRLOS (_Count_), a paladin, the embodiment of valor,
+generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where
+he conquered Aliar'dê, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his
+young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers).
+The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the
+occasion.
+
+DISASTROUS PEACE (_The_), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambrésis, by
+which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and
+Corsica (1559).
+
+DIS'MAS, the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.
+
+DISTAFFI'NA, the troth-plight wife of General Bombastês; but
+Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she
+would forsake the general for himself--a temptation too great to be
+resisted. When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the
+world, hung up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to
+remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king
+down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate.
+At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the
+dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desire
+it.--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790.)
+
+  Falling on one knee, he put both hands on
+  his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the
+  manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to
+  Distaffina.--E. Sargent.
+
+DISTRESSED MOTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The
+"distressed mother" is Androm'achê, the widow of Hector. At the fall
+of Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of
+Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she
+refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestês, son
+of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest
+in manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told
+Andromachê he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would
+consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were
+going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As
+he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromachê, who thus became
+queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight.
+This play is an English adaptation of Racine's _Andromaque_ (1667).
+
+Ditchley _(Gaffer)_, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DITHYRAMBIC POETRY _(Father of_), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).
+
+DITTON _(Thomas)_ footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
+Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DIVAN _(The)_, the supreme council and court of justice of the
+caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid
+in the redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches
+covered with cushions on which the members sat.--D'Herbelot,
+_Bibliothèque Orientate_, 298.
+
+DIVE _[deev]_, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace at
+Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 _syl_),
+with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws,
+long tails, and other horrible deformities.
+
+DI'VER (_Colonel_), editor of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, in
+America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own
+greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844.)
+
+DI'VES (2 _syl_.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in
+our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, _Divês et
+Lazarus_.--_Luke_ xvi.
+
+DIVI'NA COMME'DIA, the first poem of note ever written in the Italian
+language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided into
+three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a
+_comedy_, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the
+word _divine_ from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision,
+in which he is conducted, first by Virgil (_human reason_,) through
+hell and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (_revelation_), and finally
+by St. Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the
+Triune God.
+
+"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually
+contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's
+centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).
+
+"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that
+side of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into
+terraces, and its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY,
+1308).
+
+From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens,
+the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of
+God. (See PARADISE, 1311).
+
+DIVINE (_The_), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine."
+
+Raphael, the painter, was called _Il Divino_ (1483-1520).
+
+Luis Moralês, a Spanish painter, was called _El Divino_ (1509-1586).
+
+Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).
+
+DIVINE DOCTOR _(The)_, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).
+
+DIVINE SPEAKER _(The)_ Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos
+("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).
+
+DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS. The dogma that _Kings can do no wrong_ is based
+on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are
+subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.--_Hincmar's
+Works_, i. 693.
+
+DIVINING ROD, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls
+of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of
+water-springs and precious metals.
+
+  Now to rivulets from the mountains
+  Point the rods of fortune-tellers.
+
+Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+[Illustration] Jacques Aymar of Crôle was the most famous of all
+diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and
+the beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the
+attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published
+carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were
+eye-witnesses thereof.--See S. Baring-Gould, _Myths of the Middle
+Ages_.
+
+DIVINITY. There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and
+three at Oxford. Those at _Cambridge_ are the Hul'sean, the Margaret,
+the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at _Oxford_ are the Margaret, the
+Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.
+
+DIVI'NO LODOV'ICO, Ariosto, author of _Orlando Furioso_ (1474-1533).
+
+DIXIE'S LAND, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie
+was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the
+Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so
+that they were always sighing for their old home, which they called
+"Dixie's Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island
+into a sort of Delectable Country or land of Beulah.
+
+This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase
+that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the
+Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by
+exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.
+
+  "Away down South in Dixie,
+  I wish I were in Dixie,
+  In Dixie's Land
+  I'd take my stand
+  To live and die in Dixie."
+
+DIXON, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 _syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DIZZY, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield
+(1804-1881).
+
+DJA'BAL, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maä'ni, in the great
+massacre of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'radês.
+He resolves to avenge this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem',
+the incarnate god, their founder, returned to earth to avenge their
+wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture being discovered, he
+kills himself, but Loys _[Lo'.iss]_, a young Breton count, leads the
+exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, The
+phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.
+
+Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.
+
+DOBBIN _(Captain_, afterwards _Colonel_), son of Sir William Dobbin,
+a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet;
+but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate
+appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain
+George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's
+wife. When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries
+her.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+DOBBS'S HORSE, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his
+best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not
+young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his
+mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County,
+and his friend is welcome to the use of him.
+
+Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the
+word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he
+lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he
+keels over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites
+himself--and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs
+returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they
+have the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen
+dollars!"--Mary Mapes Dodge, _Theophilus and Others_ (1876).
+
+DOBBINS _(Humphrey)_, the confidential servant of Sir Robert Bramble
+of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, most
+devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart
+brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.--George
+Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+DOBU'NI, called _Bodu'ni_ by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and
+Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DOCTOR (_The_), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, and
+his horse "Nobbs."
+
+_Doctor_ (_The Admirable_), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
+
+_The Angelic Doctor_, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the
+Church."
+
+_The Authentic Doctor_, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).
+
+_The Divine Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
+
+_The Dulcifluous Doctor_, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).
+
+_The Ecstatic Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
+
+_The Eloquent Doctor_, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth
+century).
+
+_The Evangelical Doctor_, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).
+
+_The Illuminated Doctor_, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or _Most
+Enlightened Doctor_.
+
+_The Invincible Doctor_, William Occam (1276-1347).
+
+_The Irrefragable Doctor_, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)
+
+_The Mellifluous Doctor_, St. Bernard (1091-1153).
+
+_The Most Christian Doctor_, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).
+
+_The Most Methodical Doctor_, John Bassol(_-1347).
+
+_The Most Profound Doctor_, Ægidius de Columna (_-1316).
+
+_The Most Resolute Doctor_, Durand de St. Pourçain (1267-1332).
+
+_The Perspicuous Doctor_, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).
+
+_The Profound Doctor_, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).
+
+_The Scholastic Doctor_, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).
+
+_The Seraphic Doctor_, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).
+
+_The Solemn Doctor_, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).
+
+_The Solid Doctor_, Richard Middleton (_-1304).
+
+_The Subtle Doctor_, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or _Most Subtle Doctor_.
+
+_The Thorough Doctor_, William Varro (thirteenth century).
+
+_The Universal Doctor_, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas,
+(1224-1274).
+
+_The Venerable Doctor_, William de Champeaux (_-1126).
+
+_The Well-founded Doctor_, Ægidius Romanus (_-1316).
+
+_The Wise Doctor_, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).
+
+_The Wonderful Doctor_, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
+
+DOCTOR'S TALE _(The)_, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, is the Roman
+story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in the
+_Roman de la Rose_, ii. 74, and by Gower in his _Confessio Amantis_,
+vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example,
+in _French_, Mairét (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683);
+Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud
+(1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in
+_German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829).
+
+DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam
+Bovary_, a French novel.
+
+DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors,
+viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John
+Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome,
+St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_.
+
+DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful
+thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C.
+Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).
+
+DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb
+Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope
+ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the
+"Orders of Periwigs."
+
+DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the
+proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._"
+
+DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585),
+physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are
+_Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum
+Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general
+title of "The History of Plants."
+
+  "Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,
+  To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,
+  Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613)
+
+DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The
+responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the
+Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According
+to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebê two black pigeons endowed with
+the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses
+in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the
+responses in Dodona.
+
+We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the
+cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the
+bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of
+metal suspended among the branches of the trees.
+
+  And Dodona's oak swang lonely,
+  Henceforth to the tempest only.
+
+Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17.
+
+
+DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St.
+Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned
+there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent.
+This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of
+fiction.
+
+  She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt
+  black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks
+  from under her mutch when she was thrown
+  into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated
+  by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust
+  person, a broad though fat chest, capital
+  wind, and a voice that could match a choir of
+  fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i
+  (time George III.).
+
+(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book
+has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone,
+a Scotchwoman.)
+
+DODSON, a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. Death
+told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the
+hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told
+him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving
+him three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again.
+"So soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three
+warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and
+blind," he had received his three warnings.--Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi],
+_The Three Warnings_.
+
+DODSON AND FOGG (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake
+on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for
+"breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell
+_v_. Pickwick."--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+DOE _(John)_ and _Richard Roe_, the fictitious plaintiff and defendant
+in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.
+
+DOEG, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech.
+had supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill
+Abimelech, and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five
+(1 _Samuel_ xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called _Absalom and
+Achitophel_, Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon"
+Dryden with his pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses."
+
+  Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why,
+  Made still a blundering kind of melody.
+  Let him rail on ...
+  But if he jumbles to one line of sense,
+  Indict him of a capital offense.
+
+Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+DOG _(Agrippa's)._ Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally
+suspected of being a spirit incarnate.
+
+_Arthur's Dog_ "Cavall."
+
+_Dog of Belgrade_, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey."
+
+_Lord Byron's Dog_, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of
+Newstead Abbey.
+
+_Dog of Catherine de Medicis_, "Phoebê," a lap dog.
+
+_Cuthullin's Dog_ was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound.
+
+_Dora's Dog_, "Jip."--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield._
+
+_Douglas's Dog_, "Luffra." _Lady of the Lake._
+
+_Erigonê's Dog_ was "Moera." Erigonê is the constellation _Virgo_, and
+Moera the star called _Canis_.
+
+_Eurytion's Dog_ (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads.
+
+_Fingal's Dog_ was named "Bran."
+
+_Geryon's Dogs_. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The
+latter was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Herculês
+killed both of Geryon's dogs.
+
+_Landseer's Dog_, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in
+his picture called "The Invader of the Larder."
+
+_Llewellyn's Dog_ was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See
+GELERT).
+
+_Lord Lurgan's Dog_ was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy
+who reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at
+court by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died.
+It was a sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).
+
+_Maria's Dog_, "Silvio."--Sterne, _Sentimental Journey._
+
+_Dog of Montargis_. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri
+de Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in
+the forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same
+regiment. After its master's death the dog showed such a strange
+aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say
+he was pitted against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a
+sash was found on him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as
+her own work and gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime,
+and his accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by
+the dog and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in
+French and English.
+
+_Orion's Dogs_; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other
+"Pto-ophagos."
+
+_Punch's Dog_, "Toby."
+
+_Sir W. Scott's Dogs_. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black
+greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.
+
+_Dog of the seven Sleepers_, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice.
+
+In _Sleary's circus_, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."--C.
+Dickens, _Hard Times._
+
+(For Actæon's fifty dogs, see _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 234).
+
+_Dog_. The famous _Mount St. Bernard_ dog which saved forty human
+beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is
+preserved in the museum at Berne.
+
+_Dog (The)_, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander
+encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with
+the words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the
+philosopher replied, "And I am Diogenês, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The
+Athenians raised to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted
+with a dog, and bearing the following inscription:--
+
+  "Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?"
+  A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?"
+
+  Sinopê, "He who made a tub his home?"
+  The same; now dead, among the stars a star.
+
+_Dog (The Thracian)_, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his
+snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was
+contemporary with Philip of Macedon.
+
+_Dogs_. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.) were turned into little
+black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See
+ZOBEIDE).
+
+DOGS OF WAR, Famine, Sword, and Fire:
+
+  Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,
+  Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels,
+  Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire
+  Crouch for employment.
+
+Shakespeare, _King Henry V_. I chorus (1599).
+
+DOG-HEADED TRIBES (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of
+_Gueri'no Meschi'no._
+
+DOGBERRY AND VERGES, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly
+mutilate their words. Dogberry calls "assembly" _dissembly_; "treason"
+he calls _perjury_; "calumny" he calls _burglary_; "condemnation"
+_redemption_; "respect," _suspect_. When Conrade says, "Away! you are
+an ass;" Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down "an ass."
+"Masters," he says to the officials, "remember I am an ass." "Oh, that
+I had been writ down an ass!" (act. iv. sc. 2).--Shakespeare, _Much
+Ado About Nothing_ (1600.)
+
+DOGGET, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+DOGGET'S COAT AND BADGE, the great prize in the Thames rowing-match,
+given on the 1st of August every year. So called from Thomas Dogget,
+an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of George I.
+to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge to the
+winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the
+prize.
+
+DOILEY _(Abraham)_, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a
+charity boy, wholly without education, but made £80,000 in trade,
+and is determined to have "a larned skollard for his son-in-law."
+He speaks of _jomtry_ [geometry], _joklate, jogrify, Al Mater,
+pinny-forty_, and _antikary doctors_; talks of _Scratchi_ [Gracchi],
+_Horsi_ [Horatii], a _study of horses_, and so on. Being resolved to
+judge between the rival scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain
+in the army, he gets both to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the
+scholar, quotes two lines of Greek, in which the _panta_ occurs four
+times. "Pantry!" cries the old slop-seller; "you can't impose upon me.
+I know _pantry_ is not Greek." The captain tries English fustian, and
+when Gradus maintained that the words are English, "Out upon you for
+a jackanapes," cries the old man; "as if I didn't know my own mother
+tongue!" and gives his verdict in favor of the captain.
+
+_Elizabeth Doiley_, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with
+Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford
+scholar to dress like a _beau_ to please the ladies. By so doing he
+disgusts the old man, who exclaims, "Oh, that I should ever had been
+such a dolt as to take thee for a man of larnen'!" So the captain wins
+the race at a canter.--Mrs. Cowley, _Who's the Dupe_?
+
+DOLL COMMON, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and
+Face his alley.--B. Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from "Lady Macbeth" to "Doll
+Common."--Leigh Hunt.
+
+DOLL TEARSHEET, a "bona-roba." This virago is cast into prison with
+Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of
+a man that they and Pistol had beaten.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_.
+(1598).
+
+DOLALLOLLA _(Queen)_, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff punch,
+but scorning "vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." She is the enemy
+of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter Huncamunca;
+but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the pigmy
+giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is
+herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the
+giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts "sheep's eyes."--_Tom
+Thumb_, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of
+_Midas_ (1778).
+
+DOLLA MURREY, a character in Crabbe's _Borough_, who died playing
+cards.
+
+  "A vole! a vole!" she cried; "'tis fairly won."
+  This said, she gently with a single sigh
+  Died.
+
+Crabbe, _Borough_ (1810).
+
+DOLLY. The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in
+Frances Hodgson Burnett's _Vagabondia_. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and
+loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of
+her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of "Griff,"
+to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and
+penitence save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler
+women.
+
+DOLLY OF THE CHOP-HOUSE (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and
+Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of
+her provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is
+that of the old cook of the establishment.
+
+  The broth reviving, and the bread was fair,
+  The small beer grateful and as pepper strong,
+  The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young.
+
+DOLLY TRULL. Captain Macheath says she was "so taken up with stealing
+hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else."--Gay, _The
+Beggar's Opera_, ii. I. (1727).
+
+DOLLY VARDEN, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved
+to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon
+Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty,
+and bewitching.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+DOL'ON, "a man of subtle wit and wicked mind," father of Guizor (groom
+of Pollentê the Saracen, lord of "Parlous Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, with
+scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him
+"passage-penny" for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart
+and Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking
+Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night,
+but is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the
+bridge, to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart
+runs one of them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the
+river.--Spenser _Faëry Queen_ v. 6 (1596).
+
+DOL'ON AND ULYSSES. Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and bring
+word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he put
+on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses saw
+through the disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder man is from the
+host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him
+unexpectedly." They soon caught the fellow, and having "pumped" out
+of him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed
+smote him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the
+subject of bk. x. of the _Iliad_ and therefore this book is called
+"Dolonia" ("the deeds of Dolon" or "Dolophon'ia", "Dolon's murder").
+
+  Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle
+  When he allured poor Dolon.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. 105 (1824).
+
+DOLOPA'TOS, the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the
+charge of "seven wise masters." When grown to man's estate, Lucien's
+step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she
+accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince
+discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be
+saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the
+king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied
+his own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was
+condemned to death.--_Sandabar's Parables_ (French version).
+
+DOMBEY (_Mr._), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant, living
+on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City. His
+god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the firm
+might be known as "Dombey and Son." When Paul was born, his ambition
+was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of the
+mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to
+stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter
+indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second
+time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the
+proud spirit of the merchant was brought low.
+
+_Paul Dombey_, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy,
+quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to
+Dr. Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school
+discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him,
+and his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is
+beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and
+was always wondering what the wild waves were saying.
+
+_Florence Dombey_, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable,
+motherless child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived
+and throve while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence
+hungered to be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She
+married Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the
+elopement of his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his
+old age.--O. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+DOM-DANIEL originally meant a public school for magic, established at
+Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense
+establishment, near Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," established
+by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four
+entrances to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and
+magicians, gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do
+homage there at least once a year to Zatanaï [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was
+utterly destroyed by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of
+Syria.--_Continuation of the Arabian Nights_ "History of Maugraby."
+
+Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his
+_Thalaba_--in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but
+the general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to
+each other.
+
+DOMESTIC POULTRY, in Dryden's _Hind and Panther_, mean the Roman
+Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the
+private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed "sister partlet with
+the hooded head" (1687).
+
+DOMINICK, the "Spanish fryar," a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A
+most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute
+even the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his
+amour with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez.
+
+  He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big
+  enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a
+  turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before
+  him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs
+  come limping after it. Never was such a tun
+  of devotion seen.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_,
+  ii. 3 (1680).
+
+DOMINIE SAMPSON. His Christian name is Abel. He is the tutor at
+Ellangowan House, very poor, very modest, and crammed with Latin
+quotations. His contsant exclamation is "Prodigious!"
+
+Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble scholar, who had won his
+way through the classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage of
+life.--Sir. W. Scott; _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DOM'INIQUE (3 _syl_), the gossiping old footman of the Franvals, who
+fancies himself quite fit to keep a secret. He is, however, a really
+faithful retainer of the family.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_
+(1785).
+
+DOMITIAN A MARKSMAN. The emperor Domitian was so cunning a marksman,
+that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and stretched
+his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without touching
+the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many similar
+marksmen.)--Peacham, _Complete Gentleman_ (1627).
+
+DOMIZIA, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the
+republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and
+Berto, whose death she hoped to revenge.
+
+  I am a daughter of the Traversari,
+  Sister of Porzio and Berto both ...
+  I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith,
+  Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back
+  Reward from them, must hold back his reward.
+
+Robt. Browning, _Luria_, iii.
+
+DON ALPHONSO, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the
+daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza,
+who went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don
+Alphonso meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.--O'Keefe, _Castle of
+Andalusia_.
+
+[Illustration] For other dons, see under the surname.
+
+DONACHA DHU NA DUNAIGH, the Highland robber near Roseneath.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DONALD, the Scotch steward of Mr. Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken,
+faithful, and unflinching in his duty.--Holcroft, _The Deserted
+Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).
+
+_Donald_, an old domestic of MacAulay, the Highland chief.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time Charles I.).
+
+DONALD OF THE HAMMER, son of the laird of Invernahyle of the West
+Highlands of Scotland. When Green Colin assassinated the laird and
+his household, the infant Donald was saved by his foster-nurse, and
+afterwards brought up by her husband, a blacksmith. He became so
+strong that he could work for hours with two fore-hammers, one in each
+hand, and was therefore called _Domuil nan Ord_. When he was 21 he
+marched with a few adherents against Green Colin, and slew him, by
+which means he recovered his paternal inheritance.
+
+  Donald of the smithy, the "son of the hammer"
+  Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and
+  clamor.
+
+  Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in _Tales of
+  a Grandfather_, i. 39.
+
+DONAR, same as THOR, the god of thunder among the ancient Teutons.
+
+DONATELLO, a young Italian whose marvellous resemblance to the Marble
+Faun of Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark to three American
+friends.
+
+  "So full of animal life as he was, so joyous
+  in his deportment, so physically well-developed;
+  he made no impression of incompleteness, of
+  maimed or stinted, nature." Yet his friends
+  "habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict
+  obedience to conventional rules, and hardly noticing
+  his eccentricities enough to pardon them."
+
+He loves Miriam, an American student, and resents the persecution of
+her by a mysterious man--a nominal "model" who thrusts his presence
+upon her at all inconvenient times. One night as he comes between
+Donatello and Miriam as they lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian
+Rock, the Italian throws him over the precipice and kills him. From
+that moment, although he is not accused of the deed, the joyous faun
+becomes the haunted man.
+
+"Nothing will ever comfort me!" he says moodily to Miriam, when she
+would extenuate his crime. "I have a great weight here!" lifting her
+hand to his breast. Wild creatures, once his loved companions, shun
+him as he, in turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears from the
+story, hand-in-hand with Miriam, bound, it would seem, upon
+a penitential pilgrimage, or to begin a new life in another
+hemisphere.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Marble Faun_ (1860).
+
+DONATION OF PEPIN. When Pepin conquered Ataulf (Adolphus), the
+exarchate of Ravenna fell into his hands. Pepin gave the pope both the
+ex-archate and the republic of Rome; and this munificent gift is the
+world-famous "Donation of Pepin," on which rested the whole fabric of
+the temporal power of the popes (A.D. 755). Victor Emmanuel, king of
+Italy, dispossessed the pope of his temporal sovereignty, and added
+the papal states to the united kingdom of Italy, over which he reigned
+(1870).
+
+DONDASCH', an Oriental giant, contemporary with Seth, to whose service
+he was attached. He needed no weapons, because he could destroy
+anything by his muscular force.
+
+DON'EGILD (3 _syl_.), the wicked mother of Alia, king of
+Northumberland. Hating Custance because she was a Christian, Donegild
+set her adrift with her infant son. When Alia returned from Scotland,
+and discovered this act of cruelty, he put his mother to death; then
+going to Rome on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, who had been
+brought there a little time previously.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_
+("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).
+
+DON'ET, the first grammar put into the hands of scholars. It was that
+of Dona'tus the grammarian, who taught in Rome in the fourth century,
+and was the preceptor of St. Jerome. When "Graunde Amour" was sent to
+study under Lady Gramer, she taught him, as he says:
+
+  First my donet, and then my accedence.
+
+S. Hawes, _The Pastime of Plesure_, v. (time Henry VII.).
+
+DONI'CA, only child of the lord of Ar'kinlow (an elderly man). Young
+Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish maiden was betrothed to him.
+Walking one evening by the lake, Donica heard the sound of the
+death-spectre, and fell lifeless in the arms of her lover. Presently
+the dead maiden received a supernatural vitality, but her cheeks were
+wan, her lips livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog howled when
+it saw her. Eberhard still resolved to marry her, and to church they
+went; but when he took Donica's hand into his own it was cold and
+clammy, the demon fled from her, and the body dropped a corpse at the
+feet of the bridegroom.--R. Southey, _Donica_ (a Finnish ballad).
+
+DONNERHU'GEL _(Rudolph)_, one of the Swiss deputies to Charles "the
+Bold," duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the sons of Arnold Biederman
+the landamman of Unterwalden _(alias_ Count Arnold of Geierstein).
+
+_Theodore Donnerhugel_, uncle of Rudolph. He was page to the former
+Baron of Arnheim _[Arnhime]._--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+DO'NY, Florimel's dwarf.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 5 and iv. 2
+(1590, 1596).
+
+DONZEL DEL FE'BO (_El_), _the knight of the sun_, a Spanish romance
+in _The Mirror of Knighthood_. He was "most excellently fair," and a
+"great wanderer;" hence he is alluded to as "that wandering knight so
+fair."
+
+DOO'LIN OF MAYENCE (2 _syl._), the hero and title of an old French
+romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was
+called _Merveilleuse_ ("wonderful").
+
+DOOMSDAY SEDGWICK, William Sedgwick, a fanatical "prophet" during the
+Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been revealed
+to him in a vision; and, going into the garden of Sir Francis Bussell,
+he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade them
+prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand.
+
+DOORM, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and "smote her on
+the cheek" because she would not welcome him. Whereupon her
+husband, Count Geraint, started up and slew the "russet-bearded
+earl."--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid.").
+
+DOOR-OPENER (_The_), Cratês, the Theban; so called because he used to
+go round Athens early of a morning and rebuke the people for their
+late rising.
+
+DORA [SPENLOW], a pretty, warmhearted little doll of a woman, with no
+practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was
+the "child-wife" of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and
+hold his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then married Agnes
+Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called "Jip," which died at the
+same time as its mistress.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DORA'DO (_El_), a land of exhaustless wealth; a golden illusion.
+Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a
+"gold country" between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America.
+Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and
+published highly colored accounts of its enormous wealth.
+
+DORALI'CE (4 _syl_.) a lady beloved by Rodomont, but who married
+Mandricardo.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DOR'ALIS, the lady-love of Rodomont, king of Sarza or Algiers.
+She eloped with Mandricardo, king of Tartary.--Bojardo, _Orlando
+Innamorato_ (1495), and Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DORANTE (2 _syl_.), a name introduced into three of Molière's
+comedies. In _Les Fâcheux_ he is a courtier devoted to the chase
+(1661). In _La Critique de l'école des Femmes_ he is a chevalier
+(1602). In _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ he is a count in love with the
+marchioness Doremène (1670).
+
+DARAS'TUS AND FAUNIA, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by
+Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of _Pandosto and the
+Triumph of Time_. On this "history" Shakespeare founded his _Winter's
+Tale_.
+
+DORAX, the assumed name of Don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted
+Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned renegade, and joined the emperor
+of Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebastian gave to
+Henri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4
+_syl._) The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy
+of the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in
+Shakespeare's _Julius Cæsar_.
+
+Sebastian says to Dorax, "Confess, proud spirit, that better he
+_[Henriquez]_ deserved my love than thou." To this Dorax replies:
+
+  I must grant,
+  Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul,
+  Henriquez had your love with more desert;
+  For you he fought and died; I fought against you.
+
+Drayton, _Don Sebastian_ (1690).
+
+DORCAS, servant to Squire Ingoldsby.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.).
+
+_Dorcas_, an old domestic at Cumnor Place.--_Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+DORIA D'ISTRIA, a pseudonym of the Princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a
+Wallachian authoress (1829-).
+
+Arthur Donnithorn: Young Squire who seduces Hetty Sorrel in George
+Eliot's novel of _Adam Bede_.
+
+DORICOURT, the _fiancê_ of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and the
+rage of the London season, he is, however, both a gentleman and a
+man of honor. He had made the "grand tour," and considered English
+beauties insipid.--Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_, (1780).
+
+  Montague Talbot [1778-1831].
+  He reigns o'er comedy supreme..
+  None show for light and airy sport,
+  So exquisite a Doricourt.
+
+Crofton Croaker.
+
+DO'RIDON, a beautiful swain, nature's "chiefest work," more beautiful
+than Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis.--Wm. Browne, _Britannia's
+Pastorals_ (1613).
+
+DO'RIGEN, a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity
+for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but
+she said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast
+"there n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic caused all the stones
+to disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted
+on her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied,
+he would sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a
+gentleman.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and
+Gilberto_, x. 6. See Dianora.)
+
+DOR'IMANT, a genteel, witty libertine. The original of this character
+was the Earl of Rochester--G. Etherege, _The Man of Mode_ or _Sir
+Fopling Flutter_ (1676).
+
+The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not
+offend my moral sense; in fact, they do not appeal to it at all.--C.
+Lamb.
+
+(The "Lady Touchwood" in Congreve's _Double Dealer_, not the "Lady
+Francis Touchwood" in Mrs. Cowley's _Belle's Strategem_, which is
+quite another character.)
+
+DOR'IMÉNE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Alcantor, beloved by Sganarelle (3
+_syl_.) and Lycaste (2 _syl_.). She loved "le jeu, les visites, les
+assemblés, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes les choses
+de plasir," and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her
+home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to
+marry, "Nous n'aurons jamais aucun démêlé ensemble; et je ne vous
+contraindrai point dans vos actions, comme j'espère que vous ne me
+contraindrez point dans les miennes."--Molière, _Le Mariage Forcé_
+(1664).
+
+(She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the
+Comedy of _Le Cocu Iniaginaire_, 1660).
+
+_Dorimène_, the marchioness, in the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_, by
+Molière (1670).
+
+DORIN'DA, the charming daughter of Lady Bountiful; in love with
+Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous
+also.--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707).
+
+_Dorinda_. The rustic maiden, slow and sweet in ungrammatical speech,
+who helps plant corn by day, and makes picturesque the interior of the
+cabin in the glare of "lightwood" torches by night; turns men's heads
+and wins children's hearts in Charles Egbert Craddock's tale, _The
+Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains_, (1885).
+
+DORINE' (2 _syl_.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She
+ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. Molière,
+_Le Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+DORLA _(St. John_). A New York girl of great beauty and tender
+conscience, who is beguiled into marrying a country lawyer because
+she thinks he is dying for love of her. Having left out of sight the
+possibility that a loveless union leaves room for the entrance of a
+real passion, she is appalled at finding that she has slipped into an
+attachment to _A Perfect Adonis_, who has principle enough to leave
+her when he discovers the state of his own affections. Finding her a
+widow on his return to America, he presses his suit, and finds a rival
+in her only child, a spoiled baby of five or six years. Overcoming
+this obstacle, he weds the mother.--Miriam Coles Harris, _A Perfect
+Adonis_ (1875).
+
+D'ORME'O, prime minister of Victor, Amade'us (4 _syl_), and also of
+his son and successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He took his
+color from the king he served; hence under the tortuous, deceitful
+Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity;
+but under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became
+straightforward and honest.--R. Browning, _King Victor and King
+Charles, etc_.
+
+DORMER _(Captain)_, benevolent, truthful, and courageous, candid and
+warmhearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers; but the lady was told
+that he was false and had married another, so she gave her hand to
+Lord Davenant.
+
+_Marianne Dormer_, sister of the captain. She married Lord Davenant,
+who called himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her in three months,
+giving out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a
+widow, married his lordship's son.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious
+Husband_ (1783).
+
+_Dormer (Caroline)_, the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was
+once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter
+£200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of
+her man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry
+Morland (supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and
+marries her, by which she becomes the Lady Duberly.--G. Coleman, _The
+Heir-at-Law_ (1797).
+
+DORNTON _(Mr.)_, a great banker, who adores his son Harry. He tries
+to be stern with him when he sees him going the road to ruin, but is
+melted by a kind word.
+
+Joseph Mnnden [1758-1832] was the original representative of "Old
+Dornton" and a host of other characters.--_Memoir_ (1832.)
+
+
+_Harry Dornton_, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by
+over-indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket,
+and goes post-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great
+is his extravagance, that his father becomes a bankrupt; but Sulky
+(his partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia
+Freelove, and both father and son are saved from ruin.--Holcroft, _The
+Road to Euin_ (1792).
+
+DOROTHE'A, of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal of
+the Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don Fernando, the duke's
+younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent
+gentlemen), engaged to Cardenio, her equal in rank and fortune. When
+the wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed
+the bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day
+she took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in
+boy's clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown
+Mountain. Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don
+Quixote's party happened to be staying at the Crescent inn, and Don
+Fernando, who had abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the
+same place. Here he found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband
+Cardenio. All these misfortunes thus came to an end, and the parties
+mated with their respective spouses.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv.
+(1605).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, sister of Mons. Thomas.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
+Thomas_ (1619).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, the "virgin martyr," attended by Angelo, an angel in the
+semblance of a page, first presented to Dorothea as a beggar-boy, to
+whom she gave alms.--Philip Massinger, _The Virgin Martyr_ (1622).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled _Hermann and
+Dorothea_ (1797).
+
+DOR'OTHEUS (3 _syl_.), the man who spent all his life in endeavoring
+to elucidate the meaning of one single word in Homer.
+
+DOR'OTHY _(Old)_, the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter
+"the fair maid of Perth."--Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+_Dor'othy_, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter
+Martha.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+DOROTHY PEARSON. The childless wife of a Puritan settler in New
+England. Her husband brings her home a boy whom he found crouching
+under the gallows of his Quaker father, and she adopts him at once,
+despite the opposition of "the congregation." A fortnight after he
+entered the family, his own mother invades the pulpit of the Orthodox
+meeting house, and delivers an anathema against her sect. Her boy
+presses forward to meet her, but, after a conflict of emotions she
+returns him to Dorothy. He submits, but pines for his mother through
+the months that pass before her return with the news of religious
+toleration. Dorothy's loving offices have smoothed the child's pathway
+to the grave, and she hangs above him with tears of maternal grief as
+he breathes his last in his mother's arms.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The
+Gentle Boy_ (1851.)
+
+_Dorothy Q_. Oliver Wendell Holmes's "grandmother's mother." Her
+portrait taken at the age of "thirteen summers, or less," is the
+subject of his lines, "_Dorothy Q._ A Family Portrait."
+
+  "O, Damsel Dorothy! Dorothy Q!
+  Strange is the gift that I owe to you;
+  Such a gift as never a king
+  Save to daughter or son might bring,--
+  All my tenure of heart and hand
+  All my title to house and land,
+  Mother and sister and child and wife
+  And joy and sorrow, and death and life!"
+
+DORRILLON _(Sir William_), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He
+had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When
+this daughter (Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir William returned
+to England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented
+himself under the assumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter
+a fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but
+affectionate and good-hearted. He was enabled to extricate her from
+some money difficulties, won her heart, revealed himself as her
+father, and reclaimed her.
+
+_Miss [Maria] Dorrillon_, daughter of Sir William; gay, fashionable,
+light-hearted, accomplished, and very beautiful. "Brought up without
+a mother's care or father's caution," she had some excuse for her
+waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn was her admirer, whom for
+a time she teased to the very top of her bent; then she married, loved
+and reformed.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were and Maids as they
+Are_ (1797).
+
+D'OSBORN _(Count)_, governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The
+countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain
+the acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg, ("the State prisoner"); but he
+never kept his promise.
+
+It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept
+back the evidence of General Bavois, declaring him innocent. He next
+employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted.
+His villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to
+execution.--E. Stirling, _The State Prisoner_ (1847).
+
+DO'SON, a promise-maker and promise-breaker. Antig'onos, grandson of
+Demetrios _(the besieger)_ was so called.
+
+DOT. (See PERRYBINGLE.)
+
+DOTHEBOYS HALL, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and
+done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puffing, overbearing
+and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys,
+but taught them nothing.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+
+The original of Dotheboys Hall is still in existence at Bowes, some
+five miles from Barnard Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle
+is spoken of in _Nicholas Nickleby_, by Newman Noggs.--_Notes and
+Queries_, April 2, 1875.
+
+
+DOTO, NYSÊ, and NERI'NÊ, the three nereids who guarded the fleet of
+Vasco da Gama. When the treacherous pilot had run the ship in which
+Vasco was sailing on a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up the
+prow and turned it round,--Camoens, _Lusiad_, ii. (1569).
+
+DOUBAN, the physician, cured a Greek king of leprosy by some drug
+concealed in a racket handle. The king gave Douban such great rewards
+that the envy of his nobles was excited, and his vizier suggested that
+a man like Douban was very dangerous to be near the throne. The fears
+of the weak king being aroused, he ordered Douban to be put to death.
+When the physician saw there was no remedy, he gave the king a book,
+saying, "On the sixth leaf the king will find something affecting his
+life." The king finding the leaves stick, moistened his finger with
+his mouth, and by so doing poisoned himself. "Tyrant!" exclaimed
+Douban, "those who abuse their power merit death."--_Arabian Nights_
+("The Greek King and the Physician").
+
+_Douban_, physician of the emperor Alexius.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time Rufus).
+
+DOUBLE DEALER, _(The)_ "The double dealer" is Maskwell, who pretends
+love to lady Touchwood and friendship to Mellefont (2. _syl_.), in
+order to betray them both. The other characters of the comedy also
+deal doubly: Thus Lady Froth pretends to love her husband, but coquets
+with Mr. Brisk; and Lady Pliant pretends to be chaste as Diana, but
+has a liaison with Careless. On the other hand Brisk pretends to
+entertain friendship for Lord Froth but makes love to his wife; and
+Ned Careless pretends to respect and honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles
+him in a similar way.--W. Congreve (1700).
+
+DOUBLEFEE _(Old Jacob_), a money-lender who accommodates the Duke of
+Buckingham with loans.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II).
+
+DOUBTING CASTLE, the castle of giant Despair, into which Christian and
+Hopeful were thrust, but from which they escaped by means of the key
+called "Promise."--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+DOUGAL, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. He is an adherent of Rob
+Roy.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+DOUGLAS, divided into _The Black Douglases_ and _The Red Douglases_.
+
+I. THE BLACK DOUGLASES (or senior branch). Each of these is called
+"The Black Douglas."
+
+_The Hardy_, William de Douglas, defender of Berwick (died 1302).
+
+_The Good Sir James_, eldest son of "The Hardy." Friend of Bruce.
+Killed by the Moors in Spain (1330).
+
+_England's Scourge and Scotland's Bulwark_, William Douglas, knight
+of Liddesdale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed by William, first
+earl of Douglas, in 1353.
+
+_The Flower of Chivalry_, William de Douglas, natural son of "The Good
+Sir James" (died 1384).
+
+James second earl of Douglas overthrew Hotspur. Died at Otterburn,
+1388. This is the Douglas of the old ballad of _Chevy Chase._
+
+_Archibald the Grim_, Archibald Douglas, natural son of "The Good Sir
+James."
+
+_The Black Douglas_, William, lord of Nithsdale (murdered by the earl
+of Clifford, 1390).
+
+_Tineman_ (the loser), Archibald, fourth earl, who lost the battles of
+Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed
+(1424).
+
+William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then
+despatched with a battle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling,
+February 13, 1452. Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in _The Lady of
+the Lake_.
+
+James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior
+branch closes.
+
+II. THE RED DOUGLASES, a collateral branch.
+
+_Bell-the-Cat_, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in
+_Marmion_. His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden Field. He died
+in a monastery, 1514.
+
+Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of
+"Bell-the-Cat." James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most
+interesting part of Scott's _Lady of the Lake_. He was the grandfather
+of Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots. He died 1560.
+
+James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger-brother of the seventh earl of
+Angus. He took part in the murder of Rizzio, and was executed by the
+instrument called "the maiden" (1530-1581).
+
+The "Black Douglas," introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Castle Dangerous_,
+is "The Gud schyr James." This was also the Douglas which was such a
+terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly
+children by saying they would "make the Black Douglas take them."
+He first appears in _Castle Dangerous_ as "Knight of the tomb." The
+following nursery rhyme refers to him:--
+
+  Hush ye, hush, ye, little pet ye;
+  Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye;
+  The Black Douglas shall not get thee.
+
+Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 6.
+
+_Douglas_, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Norval, having saved
+the life of Lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady
+Randolph hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own
+son by her first husband, Lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new
+favorite, persuades Lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with
+the young upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse
+in a wood. The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, but is in turn
+slain by Lord Randolph, who then learns that the young man was Lady
+Randolph's son. Lady Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice
+and throws herself down headlong, and Lord Randolph goes to the war
+then raging between Scotland and Denmark.
+
+_Douglas (Archibald earl of_), father-in-law of Prince Robert, eldest
+son of Robert III. of Scotland.
+
+_Margery of Douglas_, the earl's daughter, and wife of Prince Robert
+duke of Rothsay. The duke was betrothed to Elizabeth, daughter of the
+earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by intrigue.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Douglas (George)_, nephew of the regent Murray of Scotland, and
+grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Douglas was devoted to Mary
+Queen of Scots.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+DOUGLAS AND THE BLOODY HEART. The heart of Bruce was entrusted to
+Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid
+the Castilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the
+"heart," enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the
+foe, saying, "The heart or death!" On he dashed, fearless of danger,
+to regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family
+thenceforth adopted the "bloody heart" as their armorial device.
+
+DOUGLAS LARDER (_The_). When the "Good Sir James" Douglas, in 1306,
+took his castle by _coup de main_ from the English, he caused all
+the barrels containing flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in
+pieces and their contents to be thrown on the floor; he then staved in
+all the hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung
+the dead bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this
+disgusting mass "The Douglas Larder." He then set fire to the castle
+and took refuge in the hills, for he said "he loved far better to hear
+the lark sing than the mouse cheep."
+
+[Illustration] _Wallace's Larder_ is a similar phrase. It is the
+dungeon of Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies
+of the garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I.
+
+Douloureuse Garde (_La_), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir
+Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in
+romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed
+into _La Joyeuse Garde_ or _La Garde Joyeuse_.
+
+Dousterswivel (_Herman_), a German schemer, who obtains money under
+the promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+The incident of looking for treasure in the church is copied from one
+which Lily mentions, who went with David Kamsay to search for hidden
+treasure in Westminster Abbey.--See _Old and New London_, i. 129.
+
+DOVE (_Dr._), the hero of Southey's novel called _The Doctor_ (1834).
+
+_Dove_ (_Sir Benjamin_), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little,
+peaking, puling creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife;
+but madam overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and
+maintain the mastery.
+
+That very clever actor Cherry (1769-1812), appeared in "Sir Benjamin
+Dove," and showed himself a master of his profession.--Boaden.
+
+_Lady Dove_, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger,
+and next to Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a _tendresse_ for Mr. Paterson.
+Lady Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed used to
+lament for "poor dear dead Searcher, who--, etc., etc." She pulled her
+bow somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin asserted his independence.
+
+_Sophia Dove_, daughter of Sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield,
+but was engaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. When, however, the
+wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a married man, and the
+younger brother became the bridegroom.--R. Cumberland, _The Brothers_
+(1769).
+
+DOWLAS (_Daniel_), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in "coals, cloth,
+herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and brickdust."
+This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the peerage
+under the title of "The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, Baron Duberly."
+But scarcely has he entered on his honors, when the "heir-at-law,"
+supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance in the person
+of Henry Morland. The "heir" settles on Daniel Dowlas an annuity.
+
+_Deborah Dowlas_, wife of Daniel, and for a short time Lady Duberly.
+She assumes quite the airs and _ton_ of gentility, and tells her
+husband "as he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich."
+
+_Dick Dowlas_, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A
+wild young scamp, who can "shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at
+cricket, make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance." His mother says "he
+is the sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way."
+Dick Dowlas falls in love with Cicely Homespun, and marries her.--G.
+Colman, _Heir-at-law_ (1797).
+
+Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered. "It should be black
+bombazeen ..." I proved to her that not only "Deborah Dowlas," but all
+the rest of the _dramatis personæ_ ought to be in mourning ... The
+three "Dowlases" as relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly; "Henry
+Morland" as the heir-at-law; "Dr. Pangloss" as a clergyman, "Caroline
+Dormer" for the loss of her father, and "Kenrick" as a servant of the
+Dormer family.--James Smith.
+
+_Dowlas (Old Dame_), housekeeper to the Duke of Buckingham.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DOWLING-_(Captain)_, a great drunkard, who dies in his cups.--Crabbe,
+_Borough_, xvi. (1810).
+
+DOWNER (_Billy_), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diffuser of
+knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an "unfinished
+gentleman."--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+DOWNING, PROFESSOR, in the University of Cambridge. So called from Sir
+George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800.
+
+DOWSABEL, daughter of Cassemen (3 _syl_.), a knight of Arden; a ballad
+by M. Drayton (1593).
+
+  Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell,
+  Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel,
+  A later third of Dowsabel.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphida_.
+
+DRAC, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of
+rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a
+stream to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at
+them, the drac draws him under water.--_South of France Mythology_.
+
+DRA'CHENFELS ("_Dragon rocks_"), so called from the dragon killed
+there by Siegfried, the hero of the _Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+DRAGON (_A_), the device on the royal banner of the old British kings.
+The leader was called the _pendragon_. Geoffrey of Monmouth says:
+"When Aurelius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester, of
+wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray at the end of
+which was a flame in the form of a dragon." Uther ordered two golden
+dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the
+other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennyson says that
+Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon.
+
+  ... they saw
+  The dragon of the great pendragonship.
+  That crowned the state pavilion of the king.
+
+  Tennyson, _Guinevere_.
+
+_Dragon (The)_, one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Dragon (The Red_) the personification of "the devil," as the enemy of
+man.--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633).
+
+DRAGON OF WANTLEY _(i. e_. Warncliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the old
+metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of Sir Bevis.
+The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the
+inhabitants, the knight choosing his armor, the damsel, the fight and
+the victory. The hero is called "More, of More Hall" (_q. v_.)--Percy,
+_Reliques_, III. iii. 13.
+
+(H. Carey, has a burlesque called _The Dragon of Wantley_, and calls
+the hero "Moore, of Moore Hall," 1697-1743).
+
+DRAGON'S HILL (Berkshire). The legend isays it is here that St. George
+killed the dragon; but the place assigned for this achievement in the
+ballad given in Percy's _Reliques_ is "Sylene, in Libya." Another
+legend gives Berytus _(Beyrut)_ as the place of this encounter.
+
+(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that
+Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with
+5,000 men.)
+
+DRAGON'S TEETH. The tale of Jason and Æêtês is a repetition of that of
+Cadmus.
+
+In the tale of CADMUS, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 _syl_.)
+was guarded by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed
+its teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called
+"Sparti," among whom he flung stones, and the armed men fell foul of
+each other, till all were slain excepting five.
+
+In the tale of JASON, we are told that having slain the dragon, which
+kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth in the ground,
+and armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them,
+whereupon the men attacked each other, and were all slain.
+
+DRAGONS.
+
+AHBIMAN, the dragon slain by Mithra.--_Persian Mythology_.
+
+DAHAK, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Yaçna.--_Persian_.
+
+FAFNIB, the dragon slain by Sigurd.
+
+GRENDEL, the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero.
+
+LA GAGOUILLE, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain
+of Rouen.
+
+PYTHON, the dragon slain by Apollo.--_Greek Mythology_.
+
+TAKASQUE (2 _syl_.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St.
+Martha.
+
+ZOHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (_Shahndmeh_).
+
+[Illustration] Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted
+Red, White, Black, Great, etc..
+
+DRAKE (Joseph Rodman), author of _The Culprit Fay_ and _The American
+Flag_, died at the early age of twenty-five. His elegy was written
+by Fitz-Green Halleck and is known as far as the English tongue is
+spoken.
+
+  "Green be the turf above thee,
+  Friend of my better days!
+  None knew thee but to love thee,
+  None named thee but to praise."
+  (1820).
+
+DRAMA. The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western
+empire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called
+_La Celestina_, and is divided into twenty-one acts. The first act,
+which runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodridgo Cota; the
+other twenty are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The whole was
+published in 1510.
+
+The earliest English drama is entitled _Ralph Roister Doister_, a
+comedy by Nicholas Udal (before 1551, because mentioned by T. Wilson,
+in his _Rule of Reason_, which appeared in 1551).
+
+The second English drama was _Gammer Gurton's Needle_, by Mr. S.
+Master of Arts. Warton, in his _History of English Poetry_ (iv. 32),
+gives 1551 as the date of this comedy; and Wright, in his _Historia
+Histrionica_, says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died
+1553. It is generally ascribed to Bishop Still, but he was only eight
+years old in 1551.
+
+_Drama (Father of the French)_, Etienne, Jodell (1532-1573).
+
+_Father of the Greek Drama_, Thespis (B.C. sixth century).
+
+_Father of the Spanish Drama_, Lopêz de Vega (1562-1635).
+
+DRAP, one of Queen Mab's maids of honor.--Drayton, _Nymphidia_.
+
+DRA´PIER'S LETTERS, a series of letters written by Dean Swift, and
+signed "M.D. Drapier," advising the Irish not to take the copper money
+coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These
+letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job and caused the patent
+to be cancelled. The patent was obtained by the Duchess of Kendall
+(mistress of the king), who was to share the profits.
+
+  Can we the Drapier then forget?
+  Is not our nation in his debt?
+  'Twas he that writ the "Drapier's Letters."
+  Dean Swift, _Verses on his own death_.
+
+DRAWCAN´SIR, a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a battle,
+and killed every one on both sides, "sparing neither friend nor
+foe."--George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, _The Rehearsal_ (1671).
+
+  Juan, who was a little superficial,
+  And not in literature a great Drawcansir.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xi. 51 (1824).
+
+At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a
+Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he
+presented himself to fight with Menelaus.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii.
+(1735).
+
+DREAM AUTHORSHIP. Coleridge says that he wrote his _Kubla Khan_ from
+his recollection of a dream.
+
+[Illustration] Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the
+reasonings left incomplete at bed-time.
+
+_Dreams_. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes
+made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine
+soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it
+really cut off the next day.--Charlevoix, _Journal of a Voyage to
+North America_.
+
+DREAM´ER (_The Immortal_), John Bunyan, whose _Pilgrim's Progress_ is
+said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).
+
+[Illustration] The pretense of a dream was one of the most common
+devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the _Romance of the
+Rose_ and _Piers Plowman_, both in the fourteenth century.
+
+DREARY (_Wat_), _alias_ BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of thieves.
+He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an underhand
+way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_
+(1727).
+
+DREW (_Timothy_). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor
+had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him,
+demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself
+the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy,
+in revenge empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of
+Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read--_Shoes
+Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy Drew._--_The Frog Catcher_, Henry
+J. Finn, American Comic Annual 1831.
+
+DRINK used by actors, orators, etc.
+
+BRAHAM, bottled porter.
+
+CATLEY (_Miss_), linseed tea and madeira.
+
+COOKE (_G. F._), everything drinkable.
+
+EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).
+
+GLADSTONE (_W. E._), an egg beaten up in sherry.
+
+HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.
+
+INCLEDON, madeira.
+
+JORDAN (_Mrs._), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.
+
+KEAN (_Edmund_), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.
+
+LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).
+
+OXBERRY, tea.
+
+SMITH (_William_), coffee.
+
+WOOD (_Mrs._), draught porter.
+
+[Illustration] J Kemble took opium.
+
+_Drink_. "_I drink the air_," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with
+great speed."
+
+In _Henry IV_. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing.
+
+DRI'VER, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.
+
+Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DRIVER OF EUROPE. The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so
+called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe,
+and ruled by them all the political cabals.
+
+DRO'GIO, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager
+named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he
+discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (_Labrador_),
+but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern
+geographers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great
+measure, hypothetical.
+
+DRO'MIO _(The Brothers_), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even
+their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They
+were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles
+of each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus
+of Syracuse.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+(_The Comedy of Errors_ is borrowed from the _Menoechmi_ of Plautus).
+
+DRONSDAUGHTER (_Tronda_), the old serving-woman of the
+Yellowleys.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+DROP SERENE (_Gutta Serena_). It was once thought that this sort of
+blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent
+watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness,
+but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort
+of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels,
+and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own
+blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the _Gutta Serena_
+or the _suffusion of a cataract_.
+
+  So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,
+  Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 25 (1665).
+
+DROOD (_Edwin_), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that
+name.
+
+DRUDGEIT (_Peter_), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+DRUGGER (_Abel_), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in
+the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the
+alchemist" to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose
+the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his
+customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.--Ben Jonson,
+_The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David
+Garrick was fond of the part also [1716-1779].--C. Dibdin, _History of
+the Stage_.
+
+DRUGGET, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his
+daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden,"
+but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden
+images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and
+other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate,
+and very fond of flattery.
+
+_Mrs. Druggett_, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles,
+and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.--A. Murphy,
+_Three Weeks after Marriage_.
+
+DRUID (_The_), the _nom de plume_ of Henry
+
+Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called
+_Steeple-chasing_, appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. His last
+work was called _The Saddle and Sirloin._
+
+[Illustration] Collins calls James Thomson (author of _The Seasons_) a
+druid, meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest."
+
+  In yonder grave a Druid lies.
+  Collins (1746).
+
+_Druid (Dr.)_, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling
+tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and
+antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without
+any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at
+all.
+
+"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and
+the Po, traversed the Riphæan Mountains, and pierced into the inmost
+deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli
+Chan with rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely
+depopulated; gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread
+'em; fruits without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue
+of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and
+putterflies! Oh, 'tis a recreating contemplation indeed to a
+philosophic mind!"--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+DRUID MONEY, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says:
+"Druidæ pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri."
+
+  Like money by the Druids borrowed,
+  In th' other world to be restored.
+  Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 1 (1678).
+
+[Illustration] Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who
+barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a
+hundredfold."--_Pilgrims_, iii. 2.
+
+DRUM _(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment_ is giving a guest the cold
+shoulder.
+
+Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (_All Well,
+etc_., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his
+entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him
+out by both the shoulders."
+
+DRUMMLE (_Bentley_) AND STARTOP, two young men who read with Mr.
+Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries
+Estella.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh,
+January I, 1661.
+
+  It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;
+  and no wonder it was so, when the men
+  of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.--Burnet,
+  _His Own Time_ (1723-34).
+
+DRUON "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and
+Sir Scudamore (3 _syl_.).
+
+  The warlike dame _(Britomart)_ was on her part assaid
+  By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;
+  While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid
+  On Scudamore, both his professèd fone [_foes_].
+
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 (1596).
+
+DRUSES (_Return of the_). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria,
+being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'adês, and
+place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These
+knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik
+massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maä'ni, and entertains the idea of
+revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he
+gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth,
+and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to
+murder the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice,
+if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 _syl_.), a
+young woman stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when
+she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself
+when his imposition is made public, but Loys, (2 _syl_.) a Brenton
+count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.--_The Return
+of the Druses_.
+
+[Illustration] Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000
+or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saïde, but their
+original seat was Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by
+Dara'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 _syl_.) is derived. The
+founder of the sect was the hakêm B'amr-ellah (eleventh century),
+believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who communicated
+between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called
+the _hakêm_, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth
+or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived
+in exile in some of the Sporadês but were led back to Syria early in
+the fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588
+they have been tributaries of the sultan.
+
+  What say you does this wizard style himself--
+  Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?
+  What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,
+  Dead near three hundred years!
+
+Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
+
+
+DRYAS or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her
+tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)
+
+"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy about
+many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree."--Sir John Davies,
+_Immortality of the soul_, xii.
+
+DRY-AS-DUST (_The Rev. Doctor_), an hypothetical person whom Sir
+W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of
+prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding
+historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive
+grace.
+
+DRYDEN OF GERMANY _(The)_, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The Father
+of German Poetry" (1597-1639).
+
+DRYEESDALE _(Jasper)_, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Abott_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+DRY'OPE (3 _syl_.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo.
+Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryopê
+into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that
+Dryopê was changed into a lotus _(Met_., x. 331).
+
+DUAR'TE (3 _syl_), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+DUBOSC, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and
+murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph
+Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.--Ed. Stirling,
+_The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+DUBOURG-_(Mons.)_, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of
+Osbaldistone of London.
+
+_Clement Dubourg_, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of
+Osbaldistone, merchant.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+DUBRIC _(St.)_ or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions
+_(Caerleon-upon-Usk_; Newport is the only part left.) He set the
+crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says
+(_British history_, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain,
+was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by
+his prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David
+his successor. Tennyson introduced him in his _Coming of Arthur,
+Enid_, etc.
+
+  Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth
+  carry.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+  To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.
+  Chief of the Church in Britain, and before
+  The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king
+  That morn was married.
+  Tennyson, _The Coming of Arthur_.
+
+DUCHO´MAR was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of Ireland.
+Out of jealousy, he slew Câthba, his more successful rival, went to
+announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. She
+replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave the
+sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchômar begged
+the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; and
+when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from
+her, and slew her."
+
+"Duchômar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red
+are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy
+heart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.
+
+DUCHRAN (_The laird of_), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+DU CROISY and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young
+ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy
+the manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be
+aristocratic"; so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the
+viscount de Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are
+delighted whith their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far
+enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the
+girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal
+consequence.--Molière, _Les Prècieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+DUDLEY, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Dudley_ (_Captain_), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good
+family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty
+years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.
+
+_Charles Dudley_, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous,
+generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte
+Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is
+rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he
+becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.
+
+_Louisa Dudley_, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh,
+and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom
+ultimately she is married.--Cumberland, _The West Indian_ (1771).
+
+DUDLEY DIAMOND (_The_). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy
+brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it
+£400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for
+£12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell £30,000
+for it. It weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart
+shape it weighs 44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great
+brilliancy.
+
+[Illustration] This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart"
+_(q. v_.), and the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since
+1868.
+
+DUDU, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the
+sultan's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the
+sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudù and Juan should be
+stitched in a sack and cast into the sea; but by the connivance of
+Baba the chief eunuch, they affected their escape.--Byron, _Don
+Juan_, vi. 42, etc.
+
+  A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...
+  But she was pensive more than melancholy ...
+  The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was
+  holy.
+  Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.
+  Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).
+
+DUENNA _(The)_, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the
+duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome.
+Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but
+her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a
+rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's
+arrangement, he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out
+of doors, but in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter
+out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the
+lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the
+convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to
+her marriage to the man of her choice; and Don Jerome supposing she
+means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they
+meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has
+married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has
+married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, "I am an
+obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me
+steady in the right."
+
+DUESSA _(false faith_), is the personification of the papacy. She
+meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy _(infidelity)_,
+and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being
+overtaken, she says her name is Fidessa _(true faith)_, deceives
+the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he
+encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red
+Cross Knight, but places Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the
+infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace
+of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the "Enervating
+Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, and would have slain him if
+Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross
+Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous
+array, puts on her head "a triple crown" _(the tiara of the pope_),
+and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" _(the seven hills
+of Rome_). Una _(truth)_ sends Arthur (England) to rescue the captive
+knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, releases the
+knight, and strips Duessa of her finery _(the Reformation_);
+whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto
+7).--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. (1590).
+
+_Duessa_, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned
+by Zeal before Queen Mercilla _(Elizabeth)_, and charged with high
+treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels
+false conspired" with Blandamour _(earl of Northumberland)_, and
+Paridel _(earl of Westmoreland_), leaders of the insurrection of 1569,
+as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now
+"an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the
+Kingdom's Care _(Lord Burghley)_ spoke, and opinions were divided.
+Authority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but
+Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal
+then charges the prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd
+impiety; whereupon the sentence of the court is given against her.
+Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed
+with grief that she rises and leaves the court.--Spenser, _Faëry
+Queen_, v. 9 (1596).
+
+DUFF _(Jamie)_, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUKE _(My lord_), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of
+his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He
+was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then
+a duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great
+coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.--Rev. J. Townley,
+_High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).
+
+_Duke (The Iron_), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great
+Duke" (1769-1852).
+
+DUKE AND DUCHESS, in pt. II. of _Don Quixote_, who play so many
+sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don
+Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess
+of Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive
+estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called
+Buena'via, the place referred to by Cervantês (1615).
+
+DUKE OF MIL'AN, a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently
+in imitation of Shakespeare's _Othello_. "Sforza" is Othollo;
+"Francesco," Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia.
+Sforza "the More" [_sic_] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply
+returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord
+protector of Milan during a temporary absence of the duke, tried
+to corrupt Marcelia; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of
+wantonness. The duke, believing his favorite, slew his beautiful young
+bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced
+his sister Eugenia.
+
+[Illustration] Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven
+years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries
+we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's
+evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water."
+
+(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).
+
+DUKE COMBE, William Combe, author of _Dr. Syntax_, and translator of
+_The Devil upon Two Sticks_, from _Le Diable Boiteux_ of Lesage. He
+was called _duke_ from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his
+table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years
+of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).
+
+DULCAMA'RA _(Dr.)_, an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity;
+very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.--Donizetti, _L'Elisire
+d'Amore_ (1832).
+
+DULCARNON. (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)
+
+DULCIFLUOUS DOCTOR, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns
+Scotus school (_-1320).
+
+DULCIN'EA DEL TOBO'SO, the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was a
+fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don
+was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was
+Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogalês. Sancho Panza
+describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. I
+(1605).
+
+  "Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of
+  gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows
+  two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of
+  glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her
+  lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of
+  Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands
+  are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than
+  the new-fallen snow."
+
+  Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?
+  'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.
+  _Don Quixote_, I iii. 11 (1605).
+
+DULL, a constable.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).
+
+DU'MACHUS. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's _Golden
+Legend_, and the penitent thief is called Titus.
+
+In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemis_, the impenitent thief is
+called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.
+
+In the story of _Joseph of Arimathea_, the impenitent thief is called
+Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.
+
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.
+  _A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves_.
+
+  Dismas in paradise would dwell,
+  But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.
+
+DUMAIN, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He
+agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time
+no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken
+as soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however,
+he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months
+and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for,
+she said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say."
+
+  The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth,
+  Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;
+  Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill;
+  For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,
+  And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit.
+
+Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_, act ii. sc. I (1594).
+
+DU'MARIN, the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.--Spenser,
+_Fairy Queen_, in. 4.
+
+DUMAS _(Alexandre_ D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes.
+
+The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty
+do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60
+pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and
+60 in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time,
+but worked without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire
+year.--De Mirecourt, _Dumas Père_ (1867).
+
+DUMB OX _(The)._ St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his
+fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess.
+Sometimes called "The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied,
+fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald.
+
+  Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh
+  To see men leaving the golden grain,
+  To gather in piles the pitiful chaff
+  That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his
+  brain,
+  To have it caught up and tossed again
+  On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called "The Angelic Doctor," and the
+"Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.)
+
+DUMBIEDIKES (_The old laird of_), an exacting landlord, taciturn and
+obstinate.
+
+The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions
+... but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to
+think so broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden.
+He regulated, indeed, his management of his dependants as carters
+do their horses, never failing to clap an additional brace of
+hundred-weights on a new and willing horse.--Chap. 8 (1818).
+
+_The young laird of Dumbiedikes_ (3 _syl_.), a bashful young laird, in
+love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister,
+Reuben Butler.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George
+II.).
+
+DUM'MERAR (_The Rev. Dr._), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DUMMY or SUPERNUMERARY. "Celimène," in the _Précieuses Ridicules_,
+does not utter a single word, although she enters with other
+characters on the stage.
+
+DUMTOUS'TIE (_Mr. Daniel_), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord
+Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+DUN (_Squire_), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and Jack
+Ketch.
+
+  And presently a halter got,
+  Made of the best strong hempen teer,
+  And ere a cat could lick his ear,
+  Had tied him up with as much art
+  As Dun himself could do for's heart.
+
+Cotton, _Virgil Travestied_, iv. (1677).
+
+DUN COW (_The_), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was
+the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [_middle-fold_], Shropshire.
+Its milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her
+pail, wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged
+the cow that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was
+killed.
+
+[Illustration] A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at
+Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow.
+
+DUNBAR AND MARCH _(George, earl of_), who deserted to Henry IV. of
+England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's
+eldest son was broken off by court intrigue.
+
+_Elizabeth Dunbar_, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March,
+betrothed to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III.
+of Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal
+in favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and
+became duchess of Rothsay.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+DUNCAN "the Meek," king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and grandson
+of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was the son
+of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and Macbeth
+were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded Scotland,
+the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo, and so
+great was their success that only ten men of the invading army were
+left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth
+in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The
+successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped
+the crown.--Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).
+
+_Duncan (Captain)_, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of
+Buckingham.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+_Duncan (Duroch)_, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUNCE, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed "Scotus."
+
+In the Gaelic, _donas [means]_ "bad luck" or in contempt, "a poor
+ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotch has _donsie_, "unfortunate,
+stupid."--_Notes and Queries_, 225, September 21, 1878.
+
+DUN'CIAD ("_the dunce epic_"), a satire by Alexander Pope--written to
+revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden
+the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley
+Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the
+most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in
+verse and the other in prose, without nodding." King Cibber is then
+taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the
+goddess. In his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the
+goddess having established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and
+Chaos are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42).
+
+DUNDAS, _(Starvation)_, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So called
+because he introduced into the language the word _starvation_, in a
+speech on American affairs (1775).
+
+DUNDER _(Sir David_), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable,
+conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker
+with "Yes, yes, I know it," or "Be quiet, I know it." He rarely
+finishes a sentence, but runs on in this style: "Dover is an odd sort
+of a--eh?" "It is a dingy kind of a--humph!" "The ladies will be happy
+to--eh?" He is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he
+accidentally detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent
+a scandal, he sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two
+lovers, both in family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law.
+
+_Lady Dunder_, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more
+fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers
+cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself.
+(See HARRIET and KITTY.)--G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).
+
+William Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir Anthony Absolute," "Sir Peter
+Teazle," "Sir David Dunder," and "Sir John Falstaff," and looked the
+very characters he represented.--W. Donaldson, _Recollections_.
+
+[Illustration] "Sir Anthony Absolute," in _The Rivals_ (Sheridan);
+"Sir Peter Teazle," in _The School for Scandal_ (Sheridan).
+
+DUNDREAR'Y _(Lord)_, a good natured, indolent, blundering,
+empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece
+entitled _Our American Cousin_. He is greatly characterized by his
+admiration of "Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the
+sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who
+differ from him.
+
+(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of
+conception and the genius of his acting.)
+
+DUNIOS _(The count de_), in Sir W. Scott's novel of _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+DUNOIS THE BRAVE, hero of the famous French song, set to music by
+Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called _Partant pour
+Syrie_. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was:
+
+  Que j'aime la plus belle,
+  Et sois le plus vaillant!
+
+He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him
+his daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud:
+
+  Amour à la plus belle!
+  Honneur an plus vaillant!
+  Words by M. de Laborde (1809).
+
+DUN'OVER, a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the
+introduction of _The Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUNROMMATH, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off
+Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul,
+son of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight.
+
+Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But
+the spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his
+head as it bended in death.--Ossian, _Oithoha_.
+
+DUNS SCOTUS, called "The Subtle Doctor," said to have been born at
+Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308).
+
+John Scotus, called _Erigena_ ("Erin-born"), is quite another person
+(_-886). Erigena is sometimes called "Scotus the Wise," and lived four
+centuries before "The Subtle Doctor."
+
+DUN-SHUNNER _(Augustus)_, a _nom de plnme_ of Professor William
+Edmonstoune Aytoun, in _Blackwood's Magazine_ (1813-1865).
+
+DUNS'TAN _(St.)_, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was a
+smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury
+Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a
+gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the
+nose with a pair of red-hot forceps.
+
+DUNTHAL'MO, lord of Teutha _(the Tweed)._ He went "in his pride
+against Rathmor," chief of Clutha (_the Clyde_), but being overcome,
+"his rage arose," and he went "by night with his warriors" and slew
+Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons
+(Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them
+up. "They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars."
+But observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be
+suspicious of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on
+the banks of the Tweed, where neither "the sun penetrated by day nor
+the moon by night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a
+young warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the
+court of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal
+sent his son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo,
+hearing of their approach, gathered together his strength and slew
+Colmar. He also seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound
+him to an oak. At daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo,
+and having released Calthon, "gave him to the white-bosomed
+Colmal."--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+DUPELEY (_Sir Charles_), a man who prided himself on his discernment
+of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in matrimony;
+but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an
+unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her.
+
+  "I should like to see the woman," he says,
+  "that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman
+  ...and at the first glance I will discover the
+  whole extent of her artifice."--Burgoyne, _The
+  Maid of the Oaks_, i. I.
+
+DUPRÈ [_Du.Pray_'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his master
+in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets of
+Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property.
+Duprè repents and confesses the crime.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and
+Dumb_ (1785).
+
+DURAN'DAL, the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So
+admirable was its temper that it would "cleave the Pyrenees at a
+blow."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516)
+
+DURANDAR'TE (_4 syl_.), a knight who fell at Roncesvallês (_4 syl_.).
+Durandartê loved Belerma whom he served for seven years, and was then
+slain; but in dying he requested his cousin Montesi'nos to take his
+heart to Belerma.
+
+  Sweet in manners, fair in favor,
+  Mild in temper, fierce in fight.
+  Lewis.
+
+DUR'DEN _(Dame)_, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five
+men-servants "to use the spade and flail," and five women-servants "to
+carry the milken-pail." The five men loved the five maids. Their names
+were:
+
+  Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail;
+  John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail.
+  _A Well-known Glee_.
+
+(In _Bleak House_, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called
+"Dame Durden.")
+
+DURETETE _(Captain)_, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in
+gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies,
+and for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully
+_[Dure-tait, Be-zar']._--G. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702).
+
+DURINDA'NA, Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi. This
+sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero.
+
+[Illustration] Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" was also buried with him,
+and "Tizo'na" was buried with the Cid.
+
+DUROTI'GES (4. _syl_.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire) came
+the Durotigês, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum
+(_Dorchester_), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (_Portland
+Isle_).--Richard of Cireneestre, _Ancient State of Britain_, vi. 15.
+
+The Durotigês on the Dorsetian sand.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DURWARD (_Quentin_), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott.
+Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed _LeBalafré_).
+He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in
+the pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a
+boar-hunt. When Lèigeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward
+and the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess
+publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orlèans, and ultimately marries
+the young Scotchman.
+
+DUSRONNAL, one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish
+tribes. The other was "Sulin-Sifadda" (_q. v._).
+
+  Before the left side of the car is seen the
+  snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed,
+  strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill.
+  His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of
+  the sword ... the [_two_] steeds like wreaths of
+  mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is
+  in their course, the strength of eagles descending
+  on the prey.--Ossian, _Fingal_ i.
+
+DUTCH SCHOOL of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and
+truthfullness to life:--For _Portraits_: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals,
+and Vanderhelst.
+
+For _Conversation pieces_: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and
+Netscher.
+
+For _low life_: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen.
+
+For _landscapes_: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (_moonlight
+scenes_), Berchem and A. Both.
+
+For _battle scenes_: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg.
+
+For _marine pieces_: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen.
+
+For _still life and flowers_: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De
+Heem.
+
+DUTCH HOUSEWIFERY. In his papers upon _Old New York_ (1846), John
+Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers.
+
+  "The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was
+  always extreme. Everything had to submit to
+  scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could
+  be endured by them, and dear as water was in
+  the city, where it was generally sold, still it was
+  in perpetual requisition. It was their honest
+  pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing
+  copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for
+  ornament rather than for use. In all this they
+  differed widely from the Germans, a people with
+  whom they have been erroneously and often
+  confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not
+  more different. As water draws one it repels
+  the other."
+
+DUTTON (_Mrs. Dolly_), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time George II.).
+
+DWARF. The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:--
+
+ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids.
+
+ARISTRATOS, the poet. "So small," says Athenaeos, "that no one could
+see him."
+
+BEBE (2 _syl_), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of
+Poland (died 1764). BORUWLASKI (_Count Joseph_), 2 feet 4 inches. Died
+aged 98 (1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs.
+
+BUCHINGER (_Matthew_), who had no arms or legs, but _fins_ from the
+shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy.
+Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born
+1674-_).
+
+CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant.
+
+COLO'BRI (_Prince_), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851).
+
+CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of
+Augustus.
+
+COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III.
+The last court-dwarf in England.
+
+CRACHAMI (_Caroline_), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her
+skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824).
+
+DECKER or DUCKER (_John_), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610).
+
+FARREL (_Owen_), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous
+strength (died 1742).
+
+FERRY (_Nicholas_), usually called Bébé, contemporary with Boruwlaski.
+He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died
+1737).
+
+GIBSON (_Richard_) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet.
+Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs
+in the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his
+presence; and they had nine children (1615-1690).
+
+  Design or chance makes others wive,
+  But Nature did this match contrive.
+
+  Waller (1642).
+
+HUDSON (_Sir Jeffrey_), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in
+Rutlandshire (1619--1678).
+
+LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus.
+PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that "he wore leaden shoes to prevent
+being blown away by the wind" (died B.C. 280).
+
+PHILIPS (_Calvin_) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not
+thicker than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts,
+in 1791.
+
+RITCHIE (_David_), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale.
+
+SOUVRAY (_Therese_).
+
+STOBEUIN (_C.H._) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20.
+His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium
+height.
+
+THUMB (_General Tom_). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25
+inches; weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport,
+Connecticut, in 1832.
+
+THUMB (_Tom_), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf.
+
+XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.
+
+[Illustration] Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf "not
+bigger than a partridge."
+
+_Dwarf_ of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse,
+which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon
+of of Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried
+Valentine to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of
+Constantinople. _Valentine and Orson_ (fifteenth century).
+
+_Dwarf_ (_The Black_), a fairy of malignant propensities, and
+considered the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In
+Sir W. Scott's novel so called, this imp is introduced under various
+_aliases_, as Sir Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie,
+and the Wise Wight of Micklestane Moor.
+
+DWARF ALBERICH, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice
+vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of
+invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.--_The Niebelungen
+Lied_ (1210).
+
+DWARF PETER, an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is a
+castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice
+turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is
+meant for "the law in our members, which wars against the law of our
+minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin."
+
+DWINING (_Henbane_), a pottingar or apothecary.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+DYING SAYINGS (real or traditional):
+
+ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! _or_ See in what peace a Christian
+can die!
+
+ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday.
+
+[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful.
+
+[ç] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in
+life.)--Cicero.
+
+BEAUFORT (_Cardinal Henry_). I pray you all, pray for me.
+
+BERRY (_Mde. de_). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness?
+
+BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is
+will. (He died standing.)
+
+BYRON. I must sleep now.
+
+[§] CÆSAR (_Julius_). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.)
+
+[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of
+Canterbury).
+
+CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne).
+
+CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus!
+
+CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I
+have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (_The Princess_). You make
+me drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head.
+
+CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair.
+
+COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+CROME (_John_), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!
+
+CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone.
+
+[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is
+over.--Lucian.
+
+ELDEN (_Lord_). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather
+be cold or hot.
+
+FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living
+longer.
+
+FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy.
+
+GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the
+company.
+
+GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have
+deceived me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller).
+
+GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!
+
+[¶] GOETHE. More light!
+
+GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die
+in exile.
+
+[*] GREY (_Lady Jane_). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+GROTIUS. Be serious.
+
+HADYN. God preserve the emperor!
+
+HALLER. The artery ceases to beat.
+
+HAZLITT. I have led a happy life.
+
+HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage--a great leap in the
+dark.
+
+[||] HUNTER (_Dr. William_). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would
+write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die.
+
+IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen.
+
+JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass
+(_i.e._ the Scotch crown).
+
+JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my
+country.
+
+JOHNSON (_Dr._). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris).
+
+KNOX. Now it is come.
+
+LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: "He turned his face to the wall; and
+twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (_out, out_), and then died."
+
+LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord.
+
+[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever?
+(Then after a pause) I thought dying had been harder.
+
+[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing.
+
+MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of
+paradise.
+
+MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie!
+qu'on ne m'en parle plus.
+
+MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your
+father.
+
+[§] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.)
+
+MATHEWS (_Charles_). I am ready.
+
+MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music.
+
+MOODY (the actor):
+
+  Reason thus with life,
+  If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing
+  That none but fools would keep.
+
+  Shakespeare.
+
+MOORE (_Sir John_). I hope my country will do me justice.
+
+NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! Tête d'armée!
+
+NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.)
+
+NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty.
+
+NERO. Qualis artifex pereo!
+
+PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he
+said on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From
+_The Stranger_.)
+
+PITT (_William_). O, my country, how I love thee!
+
+PIZARRO. Jesu!
+
+POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue.
+
+[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over.
+
+SAND (_George_). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, "Leave the tomb green,
+do not cover it over with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde.
+Dudevant.)
+
+SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding.
+
+SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY
+(_Algernon_). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old
+cause.
+
+SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to Æsculapius.
+
+STAEL (_Mde. de_). I have loved God, my father, and liberty.
+
+[¶] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see.
+
+[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+THURLOW (_Lord_). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying.
+
+[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing.
+
+WEBSTER. I still live!
+
+WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician).
+
+WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor
+nation! (This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584).
+
+WOLFE (_General_). What! do they run already? Then I die happy.
+
+WYATT (_Thomas_) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say
+is true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the
+Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged
+her to be innocent.)
+
+[Illustration] Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that
+the "dying words" ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus
+the [*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show
+that their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and
+Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [§] before
+Cæsar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.;
+and the [¶] before Goethe and Talma.
+
+DYS'COLUS, Moroseness personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (1633). "He nothing liked or praised." Fully described in
+canto viii. (Greek, _duskolos_, "fretful.")
+
+DYSMAS, DISMAS, OR DEMAS, the penitent thief crucified with our Lord.
+The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas.
+
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas.
+
+  _Part of a Charm_.
+
+  To paradise thief Dismas went,
+  But Gesmas died impenitent.
+
+EADBURGH, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and Eadgifu,
+his wife. When three years old, her father placed on the child some
+rings and bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a book of the
+Gospels, asking which she would have. The child chose the chalice and
+book, and Edward was pleased that "the child would be a daughter of
+God." She became a nun, and lived and died in Winchester.
+
+EAGLE (_The_), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war,
+the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but
+Marius abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called
+emphatically "The Roman Bird."
+
+_Eagle (The Theban)_, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442).
+
+EAGLE OF BRITTANY, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France
+(1320-1380).
+
+EAGLE OF DIVINES, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274).
+
+EAGLE OF MEAUX [_Mo_], Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux
+(1627-1704).
+
+EAGLE OF THE DOCTORS OF FRANCE, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer,
+who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425).
+
+EARNSCLIFFE (_Patrick_), the young laird of Earnscliffe.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+EASTWARD HO! a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this
+drama the three authors were imprisoned "for disrespect to their
+sovereign lord, King James I." (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!).
+
+EASTY (_Mary_), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft,
+sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her
+innocence. Of her accusers she says: "I know, and the Lord, He knows
+(as will shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not
+but they do others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts
+knows, as I shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the
+least thing of witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie
+my own soul."--Robert Caleb, _More Wonders of the Invisible World_
+(1700).
+
+EASY (_Midshipman_), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name.
+
+_Easy (Sir Charles)_, a man who hates trouble; "so lazy, even in his
+pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than
+go through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is
+resolved in future to "follow no pleasure that rises above the degree
+of amusement." "When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and
+usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds,
+and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and
+I would as soon converse with my solicitor." (act iii.).
+
+_Lady Easy_, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows
+all his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of
+ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.--Colley
+Cibber, _The Careless Husband_ (1704).
+
+EATON THEOPHILUS (_Governor_). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton, Dr.
+Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent
+Christian man between stoicism and resignation.
+
+"There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid
+senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission
+thereunto."
+
+"In his daily life", we are told, "he was affable, courteous, and
+generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and
+circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that
+it became a proverb for incontestable truth,"--"Governor Eaton said
+it."--Cotton Mather, _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702).
+
+EBERSON (_Ear_), the young son of William de la Marck, "The Wild Boar
+of Ardennes."--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+EBLIS, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but,
+refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he
+was called Aza'zel. The _Korân_ says: "When We [_God_] said unto the
+angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused
+... and became of the number of unbelievers" (ch. ii.).
+
+EBON SPEAR (_Knight of the_), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of
+Wales.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+EBRAUC, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king
+of England. He built Kaer-brauc [_York_], about the time that David
+reigned in Judea.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 7 (1142).
+
+  By Ebrauk's powerful hand
+  York lifts her towers aloft.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY (_The Father of_), Eusebius of Cæsarea
+(264-340).
+
+[Illustration] His _Historia Fcclesiastica_, in ten books, begins
+with the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by
+Constantine, A.D. 324.
+
+ECHEPH'RON, an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King
+Picrochole (3 _syl_.), by relating to them the fable of _The Man and
+his Ha'p'orth of Milk_. The fable is as follows:--
+
+A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make
+butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the
+calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob;
+only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to
+bed.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, i. 33 (1533.)
+
+This fable is told in the _Arabian Nights_ ("The Barber's Fifth
+Brother, Alnas-char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, _Perrette et
+le Pot au Lait_. Dodsley has the same, _The Milk-maid and her Pail of
+Milk_.
+
+ECHO, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in
+Ossian echo is called "the son of the rock."--_Songs of Selma._
+
+ECK'HART _(The Trusty_), a good servant, who perishes to save his
+master's children from the mountain fiends.--Louis Tieck.
+
+(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.)
+
+ECLECTA, the "Elect" personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta _(free-will)_,
+and ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom"
+(canto xii., 1633).
+
+But let the Kentish lad [_Phineas Fletcher_] ... that sung and crowned
+Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be
+the sweet pipe.
+
+Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph, etc_, (1610).
+
+ÉCOLE DES FEMMES, a comedy of Molière, the plot of which is borrowed
+from the novelletti of _Ser Giovanni_ (1378.)
+
+ECTOR (_Sir_), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and
+foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal
+or steward of Arthur when he became king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 3 (1470.)
+
+[Illustration] Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct
+persons.
+
+ECTOR DE MARIS (_Sir_), brother "of Sir Launcelot" of Benwick, _i.e._
+Brittany.
+
+
+Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from him, and
+... he fell down in a swoon; and when he awaked, it were hard for any
+tongue to tell the doleful complaints [_lamentations_] that he made
+for his brother. "Ah, Sir Launcelot" said he "head of all Christian
+knights." ... etc.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii.
+176 (1470.)
+
+EDEN (_A Journey to the land of_), Col. William Evelyn Byrd of
+Westover Virginia gives this name to a tract of Southern Virginia
+surveyed under his direction and visited by him in one of his numerous
+expeditions for the good of the young colony.
+
+(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own ground the cities of Richmond and
+Petersburgh, Va.)--William Evelyn Byrd, _Westover MSS._ (1728-39).
+
+_Eden_, in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally
+proved fatal to the poor dupes who were induced to settle there
+through the swindling transactions of General Scadder and General
+Choke. So dismal and dangerous was the place, that even Mark Tapley
+was satisfied to have found at last a place where he could "come out
+jolly with credit."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+EDENHALL (_The Luck of_) an old painted goblet, left by the fairies
+on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Edenhall. The superstition is
+that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more
+luck in the family. The goblet is in possession of Sir Christopher
+Musgrave, bart. Edenhall, Cumberland.
+
+[Illustration] Longfellow has a poem on _The Luck of Edenhall_,
+translated from Uhland.
+
+EDGAR (959-775), "king of all the English," was not crowned till he
+had reigned thirteen years (A.D. 973). Then the ceremony was performed
+at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal
+kings came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to
+him by land and sea. The eight are Kenneth (_king of Scots_), Malcolm
+(_of Cumberland_), Maccus (_of the Isles_), and five Welsh princes,
+whose names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight
+kings rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester
+to St. John's, where they offered prayer and then returned.
+
+  At Chester, while he, [_Edgar_] lived at more than kingly charge.
+  Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his barge.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+_Edgar_, son of Gloucester, and his lawful heir. He was disinherited
+by Edmund, natural son of the earl.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+[Illustration] This was one of the characters of Robert Wilks
+(1670-1732), and also of Charles Kemble (1774-1854).
+
+_Edgar_, master of Ravenswood, son of Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed
+Scotch nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked by a wild bull, is saved
+by Edgar, who shoots it; and the two falling in love with each other,
+plight their mutual troth, and exchange love-tokens at the "Mermaid's
+Fountain." While Edgar is absent in France on State affairs, Sir
+William Ashton, being deprived of his office as lord keeper, is
+induced to promise his daughter Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston,
+laird of Bucklaw, and they are married; but next morning, Bucklaw is
+found wounded and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy
+dies in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar is
+lost in the quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an ancient
+prophecy. Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+[Illustration] In the opera, Edgar is made to stab himself.
+
+_Edgar_, an attendant on Prince Robert of Scotland.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time Henry IV.).
+
+EDGARDO, master of Ravenswood, in love with Lucia di Lammermoor [_Lucy
+Ashton_]. While absent in France on State affairs, the lady is led to
+believe him faithless, and consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw; but
+she stabs him on the bridal night, goes mad, and dies. Edgardo also
+stabs himself. Donizetti, _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835).
+
+[Illustration] In the novel called _The Bride of Lammermoor_, by
+Sir W. Scott, Edgar is lost in the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in
+accordance with an ancient prophecy.
+
+EDGEWOOD (_L'Abbe_), who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was
+called "Mons. de Firmount," a corruption of Fairymount, in Longford
+(Ireland), where the Edgeworths had extensive domains.
+
+EDGING (_Mistress_), a prying, mischief making waiting-woman, in _The
+Careless Husband_, by Colly Cibber (1704.) EDITH (_Leete_). Name of
+the two girls beloved and won by Julian West in his first and second
+lives.--Edward Bellamy, _Looking Backward_ (1888).
+
+_Edith_, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor of Rollo and Otto, dukes of
+Normandy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).
+
+_Edith_, the "maid of Lorn" (_Argyllshire_), was on the point of being
+married to Lord Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel Bruce sought
+shelter at the castle. Edith's brother recognized Robert Bruce, and
+being in the English interest a quarrel ensued. The abbot refused
+to marry the bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith fled and in the
+character of a page had many adventures, but at the restoration of
+peace, after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly married to Lord
+Ronald.--Sir W. Scott, _Lord of the Isles_ (1815).
+
+_Edith (the lady)_, mother of Athelstane "the Unready" (thane of
+Conningsburgh).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Edith_ [GRANGER], daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton, married at the
+age of 18 to Colonel Granger of "Ours," who died within two years,
+when Edith and her mother lived as adventuresses. Edith became Mr.
+Dombey's second wife, but the marriage was altogether an unhappy one,
+and she eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, where she left him, having
+taken this foolish step merely to annoy her husband for the slights to
+which he had subjected her. On leaving Carker she went to live with
+her cousin Feenix, in the south of England.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and
+Son_ (1846).
+
+EDITH PLANTAGENET (_The lady_), called "The Fair Maid of Anjou," a
+kinswoman of Richard I., and attendant of Queen Berenga'ria. She
+married David, earl of Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), and is
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Talisman_ (1825).
+
+EDMUND, natural son of the earl of Gloucester. Both Goneril and Regan
+(daughters of King Lear) were in love with him. Regan, on the death of
+her husband, designed to marry Edmund, but Goneril, out of jealousy,
+poisoned her sister Regan.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+_Edmund Andros_. In a letter to English friends (1698) Nathaniel
+Byfield writes particulars of the revolt in the New England Colonies
+against the royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros.
+
+  "We have, also, advice that on Friday last
+  Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an
+  escape in woman's apparel, and passed two
+  guards and was stopped at the third, being discovered
+  by his shoes, not having changed
+  them." Nathaniel Byfield.--_An Account of the
+  Late Revolution in New England_ (1689).
+
+_Edmund Dante_ (See MONTE CRISTO).
+
+EDO'NIAN BANE (_The_), priestesses and other ministers of Bacchus,
+so called from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, where the rites of the
+wine-god were celebrated.
+
+  Accept the rites your bounty well may claim,
+  Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band.
+
+  Akinside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).
+
+EDRIC, a domestic at Hereward's barracks.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert
+of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+EDWARD, brother of Hereward the Varangian guard. He was slain in
+battle.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). _Edward
+(Sir)._ He commits a murder, and keeps a narrative of the transaction
+in an iron chest. Wilford, a young man who acts as his secretary, was
+one day caught prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's first impulse
+was to kill him; but on second thought he swore the young man to
+secrecy, and told him the story of the murder. Wilford, unable to live
+under the suspicious eye of Sir Edward, ran away; but was hunted down
+by Edward, and accused of robbery. The whole transaction now became
+public, and Wilford was acquitted.--G. Colman, _The Iron Chest_
+(1796).
+
+[Illustration] This drama is based on Goodwin's novel of _Caleb
+Williams_. "Williams" is called _Wilford_ in the drama, and "Falkland"
+is called _Sir Edward_.
+
+  Sowerby, whose mind was always in a ferment,
+  was wont to commit the most ridiculous
+  mistakes. Thus when "Sir Edward" says to
+  "Wilford," "You may have noticed in my
+  library a chest," he transposes the words thus:
+  "You may have noticed in my chest a library,"
+  and the house was convulsed with laughter.--
+  Russell, _Representative Actors_ (appendix).
+
+EDWARD II., a tragedy by C. Marlowe (1592), imitated by Shakespeare in
+his _Richard II_. (1597). Probably most readers would prefer Marlowe's
+noble tragedy to Shakespeare's.
+
+EDWARD IV. of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel
+entitled _Anne_ of _Geierstein_ (1829).
+
+EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, a tragedy by W. Shirley (1640). The subject
+of this drama is the victory of Poitiers.
+
+  Yes, Philip lost the battle [_Cressy_] with the odds
+  Of three to one. In this [_Poitiers_]...
+  The have our numbers more than twelve times
+  told,
+  If we can trust report.
+
+  Act iii. 2.
+
+ED'WIDGE, wife of William Tell.--Rossini, _Guglielmo Tell_ (1829).
+
+EDWIN "the minstrel," a youth living in romantic seclusion, with a
+great thirst for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days in the north
+countrie, and fed his flocks on Scotia's mountains.
+
+  And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy,
+  Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye,
+  Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy,
+  Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy;
+  Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy ...
+  And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why.
+  The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the
+  lad;
+
+  Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some believed
+  him mad.
+  Beattie, _The Minstrel_, 1. (1773).
+
+EDWIN AND ANGELI'NA. Angelina was the daughter of a wealthy lord,
+"beside the Tyne." Her hand was sought in marriage by many suitors,
+amongst whom was Edwin, "who had neither wealth nor power, but he had
+both wisdom and worth." Angelina loved him, but "trifled with him,"
+and Edwin, in despair, left her and retired from the world. One day,
+Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospitality at a hermit's cell; she
+was kindly entertained, told her tale, and the hermit proved to
+be Edwin. From that hour they never parted more.--Goldsmith, _The
+Hermit._
+
+A correspondent accuses me of having taken this ballad from _The Friar
+of Orders Gray_ ... but if there is any resemblance between the two,
+Mr. Percy's ballad is taken from mine. I read my ballad to Mr. Percy,
+and he told me afterwards that he had taken my plan to form the
+fragments of Shakespeare into a ballad of his own.--Signed, O.
+Goldsmith, 1767.
+
+EDWIN AND EMMA. Emma was a rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved Edwin
+"the pride of swains;" but Edwin's sister, out of envy, induced his
+father, "a sordid man," to forbid any intercourse between Edwin and
+the cottage. Edwin pined away, and being on the point of death,
+requested he might be allowed to see Emma. She came and said to him,
+"My Edwin, live for me;" but on her way home she heard the death bell
+toll. She just contrived to reach her cottage door, cried to her
+mother, "He's gone!" and fell down dead at her feet.--Mallet, _Edwin
+and Emma_ (a ballad).
+
+ED'YRN, son of Nudd. He ousted the earl of Yn'iol from his earldom,
+and tried to to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing in this,
+became the evil genius of the gentle earl. Ultimately, being sent
+to the court of King Arthur, he became quite a changed man--from
+a malicious "sparrow-hawk" he was converted into a courteous
+gentleman.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid").
+
+EFESO (_St_.), a saint honored in Pisa. He was a Roman officer
+[_Ephesus_] in the service of Diocletian, whose reign was marked by
+a great persecution of the Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was
+appointed to see the decree of the emperor against the obnoxious sect
+carried out in the island of Sardinia; but being warned in a dream not
+to persecute the servants of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito
+embraced Christianity, and received a standard from Michael the
+archangel himself. On one occasion, being taken captive, St. Efeso was
+cast into a furnace of fire, but received no injury; whereas those who
+cast him in were consumed by the flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and
+Potito suffered martyrdom, and were buried in the island of Sardinia.
+When, however, that island was conquered by Pisa in the eleventh
+century, the relics of the two martyrs were carried off and interred
+in the duomo of Pisa, and the banner of St. Efeso was thenceforth
+adopted as the national ensign of Pisa.
+
+EGALITÉ (_Philippe_), the duc d'Orléans, father of Louis Philippe,
+king of France. He himself assumed this "title" when he joined the
+revolutionary party, whose motto was "Liberty, Fraternity, and
+Egalité" (born 1747, guillotined 1793).
+
+EGE'US (3 _syl_.), father of Her'mia. He summoned her before The'seus
+(2 _syl_.), duke of Athens, because she refused to marry Demetrius, to
+whom he had promised her in marriage; and he requested that she might
+either be compelled to marry him or else be dealt with "according to
+law," _i.e._ "either to die the death," or else to "endure the livery
+of a nun, and live a barren sister all her life." Hermia refused to
+submit to an "unwished yoke," and fled from Athens with Lysander.
+Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked him but that Hel'ena doted on
+him, consented to abandon the one and wed the other. When Egëus was
+informed thereof, he withdrew his summons, and gave his consent to the
+union of his daughter with Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's
+Dream_ (1592).
+
+[Illustration] S. Knowles, in _The Wife_, makes the plot turn on a
+similar "law of marriage" (1833).
+
+E'GIL, brother of Weland; a great archer. One day, King Nidung
+commanded him to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son.
+Egil selected two arrows, and being asked why he wanted two, replied,
+"One to shoot thee with, O tyrant, if I fail."
+
+(This is one of the many stories similar to that of _William Tell,
+q.v._) EGILO'NA, the wife of Roderick, last of the Gothic kings of
+Spain. She was very beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond of
+pomp. After the fall of Roderick, Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the
+Moorish governor of Spain; and when Abdal-Aziz was killed by the
+Moorish rebels, Egilona fell also.
+
+  The popular rage
+  Fell on them both; and they to whom her name
+  Had been a mark for mockery and reproach,
+  Shuddered with human horror at her fate.
+
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814).
+
+EG'IA, a female Moor, a servant to Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the
+covetous lawyer).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+EG'LAMOUR (_Sir_) or SIR EGLAMORE of Artoys, a knight of Arthurian
+romance. Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have no French original,
+although the names themselves are French.
+
+_Eg'lamour_, the person who aids Silvia, daughter of the duke of
+Milan, in her escape.--Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_
+(1594).
+
+EGLANTINE (3 _syl_.). daughter of King Pepin, and bride of her cousin
+Valentine (brother of Orson). She soon died.--_Valentine and Orson_
+(fifteenth century).
+
+_Eglantine (Madame)_, the prioress; good-natured, wholly ignorant
+of the world, vain of her delicacy of manner at table, and fond of
+lap-dogs. Her dainty oath was "By Saint Eloy!" She "entuned the
+service swetely in her nose," and spoke French "after the scole of
+Stratford-atte-Bowe."--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388).
+
+EGMONT. Dutch patriot executed by order of Philip II. of
+Spain.--Goethe's _Egmont_ (1788).
+
+EGYPT, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, means France.
+
+  Egypt and Tyrus [_Holland_] intercept your
+  trade.
+  Part i. (1681).
+
+EGYPTIAN PRINCESS. Nitetis, the real daughter of Hophra, king of
+Egypt, and the assumed daughter of Amases, his successor. She was
+sent to Persia, as the bride of Cambyses, the king, but before
+their marriage, was falsely accused of infidelity, and committed
+suicide.--George Ebers, _An Egyptian Princess_.
+
+EGYPTIAN THIEF (_The_), Thyamis, a native of Memphis. Knowing he must
+die, he tried to kill Chariclea, the woman he loved.
+
+  Why should I not, had I the heart to do it,
+  Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death,
+  Kill what I love?
+  Shakespeare, _Twelth Night_, act v. sc. 1 (1614).
+
+EIGHTH WONDER (_The_). When Gil Blas reached Pennaflor, a parasite
+entered his room in the inn, hugged him with great energy, and called
+him the "eighth wonder." When Gil Blas replied that he did not know
+his name had spread so far, the parasite exclaimed, "How! we keep a
+register of all the celebrated names within twenty leagues, and have
+no doubt Spain will one day be as proud of you as Greece was of the
+seven sages." After this, Gil Blas could do no less than ask the man
+to sup with him. Omelet after omelet was despatched, trout was called
+for, bottle followed bottle, and when the parasite was gorged to
+satiety, he rose and said, "Signor Gil Blas, don't believe yourself to
+be the eighth wonder of the world because a hungry man would feast
+by flattering your vanity." So saying, he stalked away with a
+laugh.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 2 (1715).
+
+(This incident is copied from Aleman's romance of _Guzman d'
+Alfarache, q.v._)
+
+EIKON BASIL'IKÊ (4 _syl_.), the portraiture of a king _(i.e._ Charles
+I.), once attributed to King Charles himself; but now admitted to be
+the production of Dr. John Gauden, who (after the restoration) was
+first created Bishop of Exeter, and then of Worcester (1605-1662).
+
+In the _Eikon Basilikê_ a strain of majestic melancholy is kept up,
+but the personated sovereign is rather too theatrical for real
+nature, the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the periods too
+artificially elaborated.--Hallam, _Literature of Europe_, iii. 662.
+
+(Milton wrote his _Eikonoclasêts_ in answer to Dr. Gauden's _Eikon
+Baslikê_.)
+
+EINER'IAR, the hall of Odin, and asylum of warriors slain in battle.
+It had 540 gates, each sufficiently wide to admit eight men abreast to
+pass through.--_Scandinavian Mythology._
+
+EINION (_Father_), Chaplain to Gwenwyn Prince of Powys-land.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+EIROS. Imaginary personage, who in the other world holds converse with
+"Charmion" upon the tragedy that has wrecked the world. The cause of
+the ruin was "the extraction of the nitrogen from the atmosphere."
+
+  "The whole incumbent mass of ether in which
+  we existed burst at once into a species of intense
+  flame for whose surpassing brilliancy and all
+  fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven
+  of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended
+  all."--Edgar Allen Poe, _Conversation of Eiros and
+  Charmion_ (1849).
+
+ELVIR, a Danish maid, who assumes boy's clothing, and waits on Harold
+"the Dauntless," as his page! Subsequently her sex is discovered, and
+Harold marries her.--Sir. W. Scott, _Harold the Dauntless_ (1817).
+
+ELAIN, sister of King Arthur by the same mother. She married Sir
+Nentres of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the mother of Mordred. (See
+ELEIN)--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. (1470).
+
+[Illustration] In some of the romances there is great confusion
+between Elain (the sister) and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur.
+Both are called the mother of Mordred, and both are also called the
+wife of Lot. This, however, is a mistake. Elain was the wife of Sir
+Nentres, and Morgause of Lot; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Gareth and
+Gaheris were [half] brothers of Mordred, as we are told over and over
+again, then Morgause and not Elain was his mother. Tennyson makes
+Bellicent the wife of Lot, but this is not in accordance with any of
+the legends collected by Sir T. Malory.
+
+ELAINE (_Dame_), daughter of King Pelles (2 _syl_.) "the foragn
+country," and the unwedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir Launcelot du
+Lac.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 1 (1470).
+
+_Elaine_, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had
+a child.
+
+[Illustration] It is by no means clear from the history whether Elaine
+was the daughter of King Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors and
+granddaughter of King Brandegoris.
+
+_Elaine_' (2 _syl_.), the strong contrast of Guinevere. Guinevere's
+love for Launcelot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was platonic and
+pure as that of a child; but both were masterful in their strength.
+Elaine is called "the lily maid of Astolat" (_Guildford_), and knowing
+that Launcelot was pledged to celibacy, she pined and died. According
+to her dying request, her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge,
+and was thus conveyed by a dumb servitor to the palace of King Arthur.
+A letter was handed to the king, telling the tale of Elaine's love,
+and the king ordered the body to be buried, and her story to be
+blazoned on her tomb.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine").
+
+EL'AMITES (3 _syl_.), Persians. So called from Elam, son of Shem.
+
+EL'BERICH, the most famous dwarf of German romance.--_The Heldenbuch_.
+
+EL'BOW, a well-meaning but loutish constable.--Shakespeare, _Measure
+for Measure_ (1603).
+
+EL'EANOR, queen-consort of Henry II., alluded to by the Presbyterian
+minister in _Woodstock_, x. (1826).
+
+  "Believe me, young man, thy servant was
+  more likely to see visions than to dream idle
+  dreams in that apartment; for I have always
+  heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which
+  ... she played the wanton, and was afterwards
+  poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's
+  chamber was the place ... peculiarly the
+  haunt of evil spirits."--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+  (time, Commonwealth).
+
+ELEANOR CROSSES, twelve or fourteen crosses erected by Edward I. in
+the various towns where the body of his queen rested, when it was
+conveyed from Herdelie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. The three that
+still remain are Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham. ELEAZAR the
+Moor, insolent, bloodthirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like "Aaron,"
+in [Shakespeare's?] _Titus An-dron'icus._ The lascivious queen of
+Spain is in love with this monster.--C. Marlowe, _Lust's dominion_ or
+_The Lascivious Queen_ (1588).
+
+_Elea'zar_, a famous mathematician, who cast out devils by tying to
+the nose of the possessed a mystical ring, which the demon no sooner
+smelled than he abandoned the victim. He performed before the Emperor
+Vespasian; and to prove that something came out of the possessed, he
+commanded the demon in making off to upset a pitcher of water, which
+it did.
+
+  I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under
+  their noses, we should have seen devils issue with
+  their breath, so loud were these disputants.--
+  Lesage, _Gil Blas_, v. 12 (1724).
+
+ELECTOR (_The Great_), Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-1688).
+
+ELEIN, wife of King Ban of Benwick (_Brittany_), and mother of Sir
+Launcelot and Sir Lionell. (See ELAIN.)--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 60 (1470)
+
+ELEVEN THOUSAND VIRGINS (_The_), the virgins who followed St. Ur'sula
+in her flight towards Rome. They were all massacred at Cologne by a
+party of Huns, and even to the present hour "their bones" are shown
+lining the whole interior of the Church of Ste. Ursula.
+
+A calendar in the Freisingen codex notices them as "SS. M. XL
+VIRGINUM," this is, eleven virgin martyrs; but "M" (martyrs) being
+taken for 1000, we get 11,000. It is furthermore remarkable that the
+number of names known of these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2)
+Sencia, (3) Gregoria, (4) Pinnosa, (5) Martha, (6) Saula, (7)
+Brittola, (8) Saturnina, (9) Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturia or
+Saturnia, and (11) Palladia.
+
+ELFENREIGEN [_el.f'n-ri.gn_] (4 _syl_.) or Alpleich, that weird music
+with which Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led forth the rats
+into the river Weser, and the children into a cave in the mountain
+Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so called.
+
+EL'FETA, wife of Cambuscan', king of Tartary.
+
+EL'FLIDA or AETHELFLAEDA, daughter of King Alfred, and wife of
+Aethelred, chief of that part of Mercia not claimed by the Danes. She
+was a woman of enormous energy and masculine mind. At the death of her
+husband, she ruled over Mercia, and proceeded to fortify city after
+city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, Hertford, Witham, and so on.
+Then attacking the Danes, she drove them from place to place, and kept
+them from molesting her.
+
+  When Elflida up-grew ...
+  The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued,
+  And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons hewed
+  Her way into the north.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+ELFRIDE (_Swancourt_). Blue-eyed girl, betrothed first to Stephen
+Smith; afterwards she loves passionately Henry Knight. He leaves
+her in pique, and she weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after the
+marriage.--Thomas Hardy, _A Pair of Blue Eyes_ (1873).
+
+ELF'THRYTH or AELF'THRYTH, daughter of Ordgar, noted for her great
+beauty. King Edgar sent Aethelwald, his friend, to ascertain if she
+were really as beautiful as report made her out to be. When Æthelwald
+saw her he fell in love with her, and then, returning to the king,
+said she was not handsome enough for the king, but was rich enough to
+make a very eligible wife for himself. The king assented to the match,
+and became godfather to the first child, who was called Edgar. One
+day the king told his friend he intended to pay him a visit, and
+Aethelwald revealed to his wife the story of his deceit, imploring
+her at the same time to conceal her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely
+indignant, did all she could to set forth her beauty. The king fell in
+love with her, slew Aethelwald, and married the widow.
+
+A similar story is told by Herodotus; Prêxaspês being the lady's name,
+and Kambysês the king's.
+
+EL'GITHA, a female attendant at Rotherwood on the Lady Rowe'na.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+E'LIA, pseudonym of Charles Lamb, author of the _Essays of Elia_
+(1823).--_London Magazine_.
+
+ELI'AB, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dry den and
+Tate, is Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab befriended David (1
+_Chron_. xii. 9), so the earl befriended Charles II.
+
+  Hard the task to do Eliab right;
+  Long with the royal wanderer he roved,
+  And firm in all the turns of fortune proved.
+
+  _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+E'LIAN GOD (_The_), Bacchus. An error for 'Eleuan, _i.e._ "the god
+Eleleus" (3 _syl_). Bacchus was called _El'eleus_ from the Bacchic
+cry, _eleleu_!
+
+  As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god
+  Those priests high orgies held.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612).
+EL'IDURE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "the Pious," brother of Gorbonian, and
+one of the five sons of Morvi'dus (_q.v._). He resigned the crown to
+his brother Arthgallo, who had been deposed. Ten years afterwards,
+Arthgallo died, and Elidure was again advanced to the throne, but was
+deposed and imprisoned by his two younger brothers. At the death of
+these two brothers, Elidure was taken from prison, and mounted the
+British throne for the third time.--Geoffrey, _British History_, iii.
+17,18 (1470).
+
+  Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive praise,
+  As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed
+  And put into the Tower ... but, the usurpers dead,
+  Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend head.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+[Illustration] Wordsworth has a poem on this subject.
+
+ELIJAH FED BY RAVENS. While Elijah was at the brook Cherith, in
+concealment, ravens brought him food every morning and evening.--1
+_Kings_ xvii. 6.
+
+A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, in the reign of Richard III.
+The king cast him into prison, and when he was nearly starved to
+death, a cat appeared at the window-grating, and dropped into his hand
+a pigeon, which the warder cooked for him. This was repeated daily.
+
+E'LIM, the guardian angel of Lebbeus (3 _syl_.) the apostle. Lebbeus,
+the softest and most tender of the twelve, at the death of Jesus
+"sank under the burden of his grief."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii.
+(1748).
+
+ELINOR GREY, self-poised daughter of a statesman in Frank Lee
+Benedict's novel, _My Daughter Elinor_ (1869). EL'ION, consort of
+Beruth, and father of Che.--Sanchoniathon.
+
+ELIOT (_John_). Of the Apostle to the North American Indians, Dr.
+Cotton Mather writes:
+
+  "He that will write of Eliot must write of
+  charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star
+  of the first magnitude in the bright constellation
+  of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonderfully
+  various and extensive."--Cotton Mather,
+  _Magna Christi Americana_ (1702).
+
+_Eliot (George)_, Marian Evans (or "Mrs. Marian Lewes"), author of
+_Adam Bede_ (1858), _Mill on the Floss_ (1860), _Silas Marner_ (1861),
+etc.
+
+ELISA, often written ELIZA in English, Dido, queen of Carthage.
+
+  ... nec me meminisse pigebit Elisae,
+  Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus.
+
+  Virgil, _Aeneid_, iv. 335, 336.
+
+  So to Eliza dawned that cruel day
+  Which tore Æneas from her sight away,
+  That saw him parting, never to return,
+  Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn.
+
+  Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 4 (1756).
+
+ELIS'ABAT, a famous surgeon, who attended Queen Madasi'ma in all her
+solitary wanderings, and was her sole companion.--_Amadis de Gaul_
+(fifteenth century).
+
+ÉLISABETH OU LES EXILÉS DE SIBERIE, a tale by Madame Cottin
+(1773-1807). The family being exiled for some political offence,
+Elizabeth walked all the way from Siberia to Russia, to crave pardon
+of the Czar. She obtained her prayer, and the family returned.
+
+ELISABETHA (_Miss_). "She is not young. The tall, spare form stiffly
+erect, the little wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided and
+adorned with a high comb, the long, thin hands and the fine network of
+wrinkles over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell this." But she is
+a gentlewoman, with generations of gentlewomen back of her, and lives
+for Doro, her orphan ward, whom she has taught music. She loved his
+father, and for his sake--and his own--loves the boy. She works for
+him, hoards for him, and is ambitious for him only. When he grows up
+and marries a lowborn girl,--"a Minorcan"--and fills the old home with
+rude children, who break the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for
+them. After he dies, a middle-aged man, she does not leave them.
+
+"I saw her last year--an old woman, but working still."--Constance
+Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_ (1880).
+
+ELISE (2 _syl_.), the motherless child of Harpagon the miser. She was
+affianced to Valère, by whom she had been "rescued from the waves."
+Valère turns out to be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a wealthy
+nobleman of Naples.--Molière, _L'Avare_ (1667).
+
+ELIS'SA, step-sister of Medi'na and Perissa. They could never agree
+upon any subject.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, ii. 2 (1590).
+
+"Medina" (_the golden mean_), "Elissa" and "Perissa" (_the two
+extremes_).
+
+ELIZABETH (_Le Marchant_.) Nice girl whose life is, darkened by a
+frustrated elopement, by which she is apparently compromised. All
+comes well in the end.--Rhoda Broughton, _Alas!_ (1890).
+
+_Elizabeth (The Queen)_, haughty, imperious, but devoted to her
+people. She loved the earl of Essex, and, when she heard that he was
+married to the countess of Rutland, exclaimed that she never "knew
+sorrow before." The queen gave Essex a ring after his rebellion,
+saying, "Here, from my finger take this ring, a pledge of mercy; and
+whensoe'er you send it back, I swear that I will grant whatever boon
+you ask." After his condemnation, Essex sent the ring to the queen by
+the countess of Nottingham, craving that her most gracious majesty
+would spare the life of Lord Southampton; but the countess, from
+jealousy, did not give it to the queen. The queen sent a reprieve for
+Essex, but Burleigh took care that it came too late, and the earl was
+beheaded as a traitor.--Henry Jones, _The Earl of Essex_ (1745).
+
+_Elizabeth (Queen)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called
+_Kenilworth_.
+
+ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY (_St._), patron saint of queens, being herself a
+queen. Her day is July 9 (1207-1231).
+
+ELLEN (_Montgomery_). The orphaned heroine of Susan Warner's story,
+_The Wide, Wide World_ (1851.)
+
+_Ellen (Wade)_. Girl of eighteen who travels and camps with the family
+of Ishmael Bush, although many grades above them in education and
+refinement. Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter.--James Fennimore
+Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827).
+
+ELLESMERE (_Mistress_), the head domestic of Lady Peveril.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ELLIOTT, (_Hobbie, i.e._ Halbert), farmer at the Heugh-foot. His
+bride-elect is Grace Armstrong.
+
+_Mrs. Elliott_, Hobbie's grandmother. _John_ and _Harry_, Hobbie's
+brothers.
+
+_Lilias, Jean_, and _Arnot_, Hobbie's sisters.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+ELMO (_St._). _The fire of St. Elmo_ (_Feu de Saint Elme_), a
+comazant. If only one appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at hand;
+but if two or more, they indicate that stormy weather is about to
+cease. By the Italians these comazants are called the "fires of St.
+Peter and St. Nicholas." In Latin the single fire is called "Helen,"
+but the two "Castor and Pollux." Horace says (_Odes_, I. xiii. 27):
+
+  Quorum simul alba nautis stella refulsit,
+  Defluit saxis agitatus humor,
+  Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc.
+
+But Longfellow makes the _stella_ indicative of foul weather:
+
+  Last night I saw St. Elmo's stars,
+  With their glimmering lanterns all at play ...
+  And I knew we should have foul weather to-day.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.)
+
+ELO´A, the first of seraphs. He name with God is "The Chosen One," but
+the angels call him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel were angel friends.
+
+  Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts
+  are past understanding to the mind of man.
+  He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more
+  beaming than the stars of heaven when they
+  first flew into being at the voice of the Creator.
+  --Klopstock, _The Messiah_, i. (1748).
+
+ELOI (_St._), that is, St. Louis. The kings of France were called
+Loys up to the time of Louis XIII. Probably the "delicate oath" of
+Chaucer's prioress, who was a French scholar "after the scole of
+Stratford-atte-Bowe," was St. Loy, _i.e._ St. Louis, and not St. Eloi
+the patron saint of smiths and artists. St.
+
+Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of Dagobert, and a noted
+craftsman in gold and silver. (Query, "Seint Eloy" for Seinte Loy?)
+
+  Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,
+  That of hire smiling was full simp' and coy,
+  Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy!
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388).
+
+EL´OPS. There was a fish so-called, but Milton uses the word
+(_Paradise Lost_, x. 525) for the dumb serpent or serpent which gives
+no warning of its approach by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, _ellops_,
+"mute or dumb.")
+
+ELOQUENCE (_The Four Monarchs of_): (1) Demonsthenês, the Greek orator
+(B.C. 385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator (B.C. 106-43); (3) Burke,
+the English orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the American orator
+(1782-1852).
+
+ELOQUENT (_That old Man_), Isoc´ratês, the Greek orator. When he heard
+that the battle of Chaerone´a was lost, and that Greece was no longer
+free, he died of grief.
+
+  That dishonest victory
+  At Chaeronea, fatal to liberty,
+  Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent.
+
+  Milton, _Sonnet_ ix.
+
+In the United States the term was freely applied to John Quincy Adams,
+in the latter years of his life.
+
+ELOQUENT DOCTOR (_The_), Peter Aurelolus, archbishop of Aix
+(fourteenth century).
+
+ELPI´NUS, Hope personified. He was "clad in sky-like blue" and the
+motto of his shield was "I hold by being held." He went attended by
+Pollic´ita (_promise_). Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, _elpis_,
+"hope.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).
+
+ELSA. German maiden, accused of having killed her little brother.
+At her trial a knight appears, drawn by a swan, champions her and
+vanquishes her accuser. Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising never to
+ask of his country or family. She breaks the vow; the swan appears and
+bears him away from her.--_Lohengrin_ Opera, by Richard Wagner.
+
+ELSHENDER THE RECLUSE, called "the Canny Elshie" or the "Wise Wight of
+Mucklestane Moor." This is "the black dwarf," or Sir Edward Mauley,
+the hero of the novel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time Anne).
+
+ELSIE, the daughter of Gottlieb, a cottage farmer of Bavaria. Prince
+Henry of Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was told he would never
+be cured till a maiden chaste and spotless offered to give her life
+in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to die for the prince, and he
+accompanied her to Salerno; but either the exercise, the excitement,
+or some charm, no matter what, had quite cured the prince, and when he
+entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to make her Lady Alicia,
+his bride.--Hartmann von der Aue, _Poor Henry_ (twelfth century);
+Longfellow, _Golden Legend_.
+
+[Illustration] Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetos died
+instead of her husband, but was brought back by Herculês from the
+shades below, and restored to her husband.
+
+_Elsie (Venner)_, a girl marked before her birth as one apart from her
+kind. Her mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near her door, leaves
+the imprint of the loathsome thing upon the child. She is a "splendid
+scowling beauty" with glittering black eyes. When angry, they are
+narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and "charm" after an unhuman
+fashion. She bit her cousin when a child, and the wound had to be
+cauterized. She is wild almost to savagery and she falls in love with
+her tutor savagely for awhile, afterward loves him hopelessly. She
+dies of a strange decline, and the ugly mark about her throat that
+obliges her always to wear a necklace has faded out.--Oliver Wendell
+Holmes, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).
+
+ELSMERE (_Robert_), hero of religious novel of same name, by Mrs.
+Humphrey Ward.
+
+ELSPETH (_Auld_), the old servant of Dandie Dinmont, the store-farmer
+of Charlie's Hope.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.).
+
+_Elspeth (Old)_ of the Craigburnfoot, the mother of Saunders
+Muckelbacket (the old fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly servant
+to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time
+George III.).
+
+ELVI´NO, a wealthy farmer in love with Ami´na the somnambulist.
+Amina being found in the bedroom of Conte Rodolfo the day before her
+wedding, induces Elvino to break off the match and promise marriage
+to Lisa; but as the truth of the matter breaks upon him, and he is
+convinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over Lisa to Alessio, her
+paramour, and marries Amina, his first and only love.--Bellini's
+opera, _La Sonnambula_ (1831).
+
+ELVI´RA, sister of Don Duart, and niece of the governor of Lisbon.
+She marries Coldio, the coxcomb son of Don Antonio.--C. Cibber, _Love
+Makes a Man_.
+
+_Elvi´ra_, the young wife of Gomez, a rich old banker. She carries on
+a liaison with Colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father-confessor
+Dominick, but is always checkmated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is
+her brother.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_ (1680).
+
+_Elvi´ra_, a noble lady who gives up everything to become the mistress
+of Pizarro. She tries to soften his rude and cruel nature, and to
+lead him into more generous ways. Her love being changed to hate, she
+engages Rollo to slay Pizarro in his tent; but the noble Peruvian
+spares his enemy, and makes him a friend. Ultimately, Pizarro is slain
+in fight with Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent.--Sheridan,
+_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue, 1799).
+
+_Elvi´ra (Donna)_, a lady deceived by Don Giovanni, who basely deluded
+her into an amour with his valet Leporello.--Mozart's opera, _Don
+Giovanni_ (1787).
+
+_Elvi´ra_ "the puritan," daughter of Lord Walton, betrothed to Arturo
+(_Lord Arthur Talbot_), a calvalier. On the day of espousals the young
+man aids Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles I._) to escape, and
+Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a rival, temporarily loses her
+reason. Cromwell's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, but he is
+subsequently pardoned, and marries Elvira.--Bellini's opera, _I
+Puritani_ (1834).
+
+_Elvi´ra_, a lady in love with Erna´ni the robber-captain and head of
+a league against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. of Spain). Ernani
+was just on the point of marrying Elvira, when he was summoned to
+death by Gomez de Silva, and stabbed himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an
+opera, 1841).
+
+_Elvi´ra_, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the Duke d'Arcos). No sooner
+is the marriage completed than she learns that Alfonso has seduced
+Fenella, a dumb girl, sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Masaniello,
+to revenge his wrongs, heads an insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira
+run for safety to the fisherman's hut, where they find Fenella, who
+promises to protect them. Masaniello, being made chief magistrate of
+Por´tici, is killed by the mob; Fenella throws herself into the crater
+of Vesuvius; and Alfonso is left to live in peace with Elvira.--Auber,
+_Masaniello_ (1831).
+
+ELVIRE (_2 syl._), the wife of Don Juan, whom he abandons. She enters
+a convent, and tries to reclaim her profligate husband, but without
+success.--Molière, _Don Juan_ (1665).
+
+ELY (_Bishop of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in the _Talisman_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+EMATH´IAN CONQUEROR (_The Great_), Alexander the Great. Emathia is
+Macedonia and Thessaly. Emathion, a son of Titan and Aurora, reigned
+in Macedonia. Pliny tells us that Alexander, when he besieged Thebes,
+spared the house in which Pindar the poet was born, out of reverence
+to his great abilities.
+
+EMBLA, the woman Eve of Scandinavian mythology. Eve or Embla was made
+of elm, but Ask or Adam was made of ash.
+
+EM´ELIE or EMELYE, sister-in-law of Duke Theseus (_2 syl._), beloved
+by both Pal´amon and Ar´cite (_2 syl._), but the former had her to
+wife.
+
+  Emelie that fairer was to scene
+  Than is the lilie on hire stalkê grene,
+  And fresscher than the May with flourês newe.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_
+  ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).
+
+EMERAL´DER, an Irishman, one of the Emerald Isle.
+
+EMER´ITA (_St_.), who, when her brother abdicated the British crown,
+accompanied him to Switzerland, and shared with him there a martyr's
+death.
+
+  Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear,
+  Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+EMILE (_2 syl._), the chief character of a philosophical romance on
+education by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). Emile is the author's ideal
+of a young man perfectly educated, every bias but that of nature
+having been carefully withheld.
+
+N.B.--Emile is the French form of Emilius.
+
+His body is inured to fatigue, as Rousseau advises in his
+_Emilius_.--_Continuation of The Arabian Nights_, iv. 69.
+
+EMIL´IA, wife of Iago, the ancient of Othello in the Venetian army.
+She is induced by Iago to purloin a certain handkerchief given by
+Othello to Desdemona. Iago then prevails on Othello to ask his wife to
+show him the handkerchief, but she cannot find it, and Iago tells
+the Moor she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. At the death of
+Desdemona, Emilia (who till then never suspected the real state of
+the case) reveals the truth of the matter, and Iago rushes on her and
+kills her.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611).
+
+The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find, worn loosely, but not
+cast off; easy to commit small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at
+atrocious villainies.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+_Emil´ia_, the lady who attended on Queen Hermi´onê in
+prison.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+_Emilia_, the lady-love of Peregrine Pickle, in Smollett's novel
+called _The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Emilia_ Galotti. Beautiful daughter of Odoardo, an Italian noble. She
+is affianced to Count Appiani, and beloved by the Prince Guastalla,
+who causes her lover's death on their wedding-day. To save her from
+the prince, Odoardo stabs Emilia.--G.E. Lessing, _Emilia Galotti_.
+
+EMILY, the _fiancée_ of Colonel Tamper. Duty called away the colonel
+to Havana, and on his return he pretended to have lost one eye and one
+leg in the war, in order to see if Emily would love him still. Emily
+was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle the medical practitioner was sent
+for. Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his patient he had seen
+the colonel who looked remarkably well, and most certainly was maimed
+neither in his legs nor in his eyes. Emily now saw through the trick,
+and resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. For this end she
+induced Mdlle. Florival to appear _en militaire_, under the assumed
+name of Captain Johnson, and to make desperate love to her. When the
+colonel had been thoroughly roasted and was about to quit the house
+forever, his friend Major Belford entered and recognized Mdlle. as
+his _fiancée_; the trick was discovered, and all ended happily.--G.
+Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_ (1762).
+
+EMIR OR AMEER, a title given to lieutenants of provinces and other
+officers of the sultan, and occasionally assumed by the sultan
+himself. The sultan is not unfrequently call "The Great Ameer," and
+the Ottoman empire is sometimes spoken of as "the country of the Great
+Ameer." What Matthew Paris and other monks call "ammirals" is the same
+word. Milton speaks of the "mast of some tall ammiral" (_Paradise
+Lost_, i. 294).
+
+The difference between _xariff_ or _sariff_ and _amir_ is this: the
+former is given to the _blood_ successors of Mahomet, and the latter
+to those who maintain his religious faith.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_,
+vi. 73-4 (1672).
+
+EM'LY _(Little)_, daughter of Tom, the brother-in-law of Dan'el
+Peggotty, a Yarmouth fisherman, by whom the orphan child was brought
+up. While engaged to Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) little Em'ly runs
+away with Steerforth, a handsome but unprincipled gentleman. Being
+subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to Australia with Dan'el
+Peggotty and old Mrs. Gummidge.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_
+(1849).
+
+EMMA "the Saxon" or Emma Plantagenet, the beautiful, gentle, and
+loving wife of David, king of North Wales (twelfth century).--Southey,
+_Madoc_ (1805).
+
+EMMONS (_David_), slow, gentle fellow who never "comes to the point"
+in his courtship, but visits the "girl" for forty years, and gasps out
+in dying, "I allers--meant to--have--asked--you to marry me."--Mary E.
+Wilkins, _Two Old Lovers_ (1887).
+
+EMPED´OCLES, one of Pythagoras's scholars, who threw himself secretly
+into the crater at Etna, that people might suppose the gods had
+carried him to heaven; but alas! one of his iron pattens was cast out
+with the lava, and recognized.
+
+  He to be deemed
+  A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames,
+  Empedoclês.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 469, etc. (1665).
+
+EMPEROR OF BELIEVERS (_The_), Omar I., father-in-law of Mahomet
+(581-644).
+
+EMPEROR OF THE MOUNTAINS, (_The_) Peter the Calabrian, a famous
+robber-chief (1812).
+
+EMPEROR FOR MY PEOPLE. Hadrian used to say, "I am emperor not for
+myself but for my people" (76, 117-138).
+
+EMPSON (_Master_), flageolot player to Charles II.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (1823).
+
+Enan´the (_3 syl._), daughter of Seleucus, and mistress of Prince
+Deme´trius (son of King Antig´onus) She appears under the name of
+Celia.--Beaumont and Eletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647).
+
+ENCEL´ADOS (Latin, _Enceladus_), the most powerful of all the giants
+who conspired against Jupiter. He was struck with a thunder-bolt, and
+covered with the heap of earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke of the
+volcano is the breath of the buried giant; and when he shifts his side
+it is an earthquake.
+
+  Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus
+  Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam
+  Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis;
+  Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem
+  Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo.
+
+  Virgil, _Aeneid_, iii. 578-582.
+
+  Where the burning cinders, blown
+  From the lips of the overthrown
+  Enceladus, fill the air.
+
+  Longfellow, _Enceladus_.
+
+EN'CRATES (_3 syl_.), Temperance personified, the husband of Agnei'a
+(_wifely chastity_). When his wife's sister Parthen'ia _(maidenly
+chastity_) was wounded in the battle of Mansoul, by False Delight, he
+and his wife ran to her assistance, and soon routed the foes who were
+hounding her. Continence (her lover) went also, and poured a balm
+into her wounds, which healed them. Greek, _egkratês_, "continent,
+temperate."
+
+  So have I often seen a purple flower,
+  Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping head;
+  But, soon refreshêd with a welcome shower,
+  Begins again her lively beauties spread,
+  And with new pride her silken leaves display.
+
+Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, xi. (1633).
+
+ENDELL (_Martha_), a poor fallen girl, to whom Emily goes when
+Steerforth deserts her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, and
+marries a young farmer in Australia.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_
+(1849).
+
+ENDIGA, in _Charles XII_., by J.R. Planche (1826).
+
+ENDLESS, the rascally lawyer in _No Song No Supper_, by P. Hoare
+(1754-1834).
+
+ENDYM'ION, a noted astronomer who, from Mount Latmus, in Caria,
+discovered the course of the moon. Hence it is fabled that the moon
+sleeps with Endymion. Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting sun.
+
+  So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned;
+  That hill on whose high top he was the first that found
+  Pale Phoebe's wandering course; so skillful in her sphere,
+  As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her there.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612).
+
+_To sleep like Endymion_, to sleep long and soundly. Endymion
+requested of Jove permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. Hence
+the proverb, _Endymionis somnum dormire_. Jean Ogier de Gombaud wrote
+in French a romance or prose poem called _Endymion_ (1624), and one of
+the best paintings of A.L. Girodet is "Endymion." Cowley, referring to
+Gombaud's romance, says:
+
+  While there is a people or a sun,
+  Endymion's story with the moon shall run.
+
+John Keats, in 1818, published his _Endymion_ (a poetic romance),
+and the criticism of the _Quarterly Review_ was falsely said to have
+caused his death.
+
+_Endym´ion._ So Wm. Browne calls Sir Walter Raleigh, who was for a
+time in disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he calls "Cyn´thia."
+
+  The first note that I heard I soon was wonne
+  To think the sighes of fair Endymion,
+  The subject of whose mournful heavy lay,
+  Was his declining with faire Cynthia.
+
+  _Brittannia's Pastorals_, iv. (1613).
+
+ENFANTS DE DIEU, the Camisards.
+
+The royal troops outnumbered the _Enfants de Dieu_, and a not
+inglorious flight took place.--Ed. Gilliat, _Asylum Christi_, iii.
+
+ENFIELD (_Mrs._), the keeper of a house of intrigue, or "gentleman's
+magazine" of frail beauties.--Holcroft, _The Deserted Daughter_
+(1785).
+
+ENGADDI (_Theodorick, hermit of_), an enthusiast. He was Aberick
+of Mortemar, an exiled noble.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+_Engaddi_, one of the towns of Judah, forty miles from Jerusalem,
+famous for its palm trees.
+
+  Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms,
+  Pacing the Dead Sea beach.
+
+  Longfellow, _Sand of the Desert_
+
+ENGEL´BRECHT, one of the Varangian guards.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+EN´GELRED, 'squire of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (follower of Prince
+John of Anjou, the brother of Richard I.).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+EN´GUERRAUD, brother of the Marquis of Montserrat, a crusader.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard L).
+
+E´NID, the personification of spotless purity. She was the daughter of
+Yn´iol, and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint and Enid allegorizes
+the contagion of distrust and jealousy, commencing with Guinevere's
+infidelity, and spreading downward among the Arthurian knights. In
+order to save Enid from this taint, Sir Geraint removed from the court
+to Devon; but overhearing part of a sentence uttered by Enid, he
+fancied that she was unfaithful, and treated her for a time with
+great harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed Geraint with such wifely
+devotion that he felt convinced of his error. A perfect
+reconciliation took place, and they "crowned a happy life with a fair
+death".--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Geraint and Enid.").
+
+ENNIUS (_The English_), Lay´amon, who wrote a translation in Saxon of
+_The Brut_ of Wace (thirteenth century).
+
+_Ennius (The French_), Jehan de Meung, who wrote a continuation of
+Layamon's romance (1260-1320).
+
+[Illustration] Guillaume de Lorris, author of the _Romance of the
+Rose_, is also called "The French Ennius," and with better title
+(1235-1265).
+
+_Ennius_ (_The Spanish_), Juan de Mena of Cordova (1412-1456).
+
+ENRIQUE´ (_2 syl._), brother-in-law of Chrysalde (_2 syl._). He
+married secretly Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he had a
+daughter, Agnes, who was left in charge of a peasant while Enrique was
+absent in America. Having made his fortune in the New World, Enrique
+returned and found Agnes in love with Horace, the son of his
+friend Oronte (_2 syl._). Their union, after the usual quota of
+misunderstanding and cross purposes, was accomplished to the delight
+of all parties.--Molière, _L'Ecole des Femmes_ (1662).
+
+ENTEL´ECHY, the kingdom of Queen Quintessence. Pantag´ruel´ and
+his companions went to this kingdom in search of the "holy
+bottle."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, v. 19 (1545).
+
+[Illustration] This kingdom of "speculative science" gave the hint to
+Swift for his island of Lapu´ta.
+
+EPHE´SIAN, a toper, a dissolute sot, a jovial companion. When Page (2
+_Henry_ IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a company of
+men were about to sup with Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls
+them "Ephesians," he probably meant soldiers called _féthas_
+("foot-soldiers"), and hence topers. Malone suggests that the word is
+a pun on _pheese_ ("to chastise or pay one tit for tat"), and means
+"quarrelsome fellows."
+
+EPHE´SIAN POET (_The_), Hippo´nax, born at Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).
+
+EPIC POETRY (_The Father of_), Homer (about 950 B.C.).
+
+EP´ICENE (_3 syl._), or _The Silent Woman_, one of the three great
+comedies of Ben Jonson (1609).
+
+The other two are _Volpone_ (_2 syl._, 1605), and _The Alchemist_
+(1610).
+
+EPICURUS. The _aimée de coeur_ of this philosopher was Leontium. (See
+LOVERS).
+
+EPICURUS OF CHINA, Tao-tse, who commenced the search for "the elixir
+of perpetual youth and health" (B.C. 540).
+
+[Illustration] Thomas Moore has a prose romance entitled _The
+Epicure'an_. Lucretius the Roman poet, in his _De Rerum Natura_, is an
+exponent of the Epicurean doctrines.
+
+EPIDAURUS (_That God in_), Aescula'pius, son of Apollo, who was
+worshipped in Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being sent for to
+Rome during a plague, he assumed the form of a serpent.--Livy, _Nat.
+Hist._, xi.; Ovid, _Metaph._, xv.
+
+  Never since of serpent kind
+  Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed
+  Hermionê and Cadmus, or the god
+  In Epidaurus.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ix. 507 (1665).
+
+(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [_Hermoine_] left Thebes and migrated
+into Illyria, where they were changed into serpents because they
+happened to kill one belonging to Mars.)
+
+EPHIAL'TES (_4 syl._), one of the giants who made war upon the gods.
+He was deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of his right eye by
+Herculês.
+
+EPIG'ONI, seven youthful warriors, sons of the seven chiefs who laid
+siege to Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except Adrastos) perished in
+the siege; but the seven sons, ten years later, took the city and
+razed it to the ground. The chiefs and sons were: (1) Adrastos,
+whose son was Aegi'aleus (_4 syl._); (2) Polynikês, whose son was
+Thersan'der; (3) Amphiar'aos (_5 syl._), whose son was Alkmaeon
+(_the chief_); (4) Ty'deus (_2 syl._), whose son was Diomê'des; (5)
+Kap'aneus (_3 syl._), whose son was Sthen'elos; (6) Parthenopae'os,
+whose son was Promachos; (7) Mekis'theus (_3 syl._), whose son was
+Eury'alos.
+
+Æschylos has a tragedy on _The Seven Chiefs against Thebes_. There
+are also two epics, one _The Thebaïd_ of Statius, and _The Epigoni_
+sometimes attributed to Homer and sometimes to one of the Cyclic poets
+of Greece.
+
+EPIGON'IAD (_The_), called "the Scotch _Iliad_," by William Wilkie
+(1721-1772). This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven sons of the
+seven chieftains who laid siege to Thebes. The tale is this: When
+Oe'dipos abdicated, his two sons agreed to reign alternate years; but
+at the expiration of the first year, the elder son (Eteoclês) refused
+to give up the throne. Whereupon the younger brother (Polynikês)
+interested six Grecian chiefs to espouse his cause, and the allied
+armies laid siege to Thebes, without success. Subsequently, the seven
+sons of the old chiefs went against the city to avenge the death of
+their fathers, who had fallen in the former siege. They succeeded in
+taking the city, and in placing Thersander on the throne. The names
+of the seven sons are Thersander, AEgi'aleus, Alkmaeon, Diomedês,
+Sthen'elos, Pro'machos, and Euryalos.
+
+EPIMEN'IDES (_5 syl._) of Crete, sometimes reckoned one of the
+"seven wise men of Greece" in the place of Periander. He slept for
+fifty-seven years in a cave, and, on waking, found everything so
+changed that he could recognize nothing. Epimenidês lived 289 years,
+and was adored by the Cretans as one of their "Curetês" or priests of
+Jove. He was contemporary with Solon.
+
+(Goethe has a poem called _Des Epimenides Erwachen._--See Heinrich's
+_Epimenides.)_
+
+_Epimenides's Drug_. A nymph who loved Epimenides gave him a draught
+in a bull's horn, one single drop of which would not only cure any
+ailment, but would serve for a hearty meal.
+
+_Le Nouveau Epimenède_ is a man who lives in a dream in a kind of
+"Castle of Spain," where he deems himself a king, and does not wish to
+be disillusioned. The song is by Jacinthe Leclère, one of the members
+of the "Societé de Momus," of Paris.
+
+EPINOGRIS _(Sir)_, son of the king of Northumberland. He loved an
+earl's daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly combat. Next day, a
+knight challenged him to fight, and the lady was to be the prize of
+the victor. Sir Epinogris, being overthrown, lost the lady; but when
+Sir Palomidês heard the tale, he promised to recover her. Accordingly,
+he challenged the victorious knight, who turned out to be his brother.
+The point of dispute was then amicably arranged by giving up the lady
+to Sir Epinogris.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 169
+(1470).
+
+EPPIE, one of the servants of the Rev. Josiah Cargill. In the same
+novel is Eppie Anderson, one of the servants at the Mowbray Arms,
+Old St. Ronan's, held by Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Bonarts Well_
+(time, George III.).
+
+EPPS, cook of Saunders Fairford, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). EQUITY (_Father of_), Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In _Absalom and Achitophel_ (by
+Dryden and Tate) he is called "Amri."
+
+  Sincere was Amri, and not only knew,
+  But Israel's sanctions into practice drew;
+  Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem,
+  Were coasted all, and fathomed all by him ...
+  To whom the double blessing doth belong,
+  With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.
+
+  _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+EQUIVOKES.
+
+1. HENRY IV. was told that "he should not die but in Jerusalem," which
+he supposed meant the Holy Land; but he died in the Jerusalem Chamber,
+London, which is the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey.
+
+2. POPE SYLVESTER was also told that he should die at Jerusalem, and
+he died while saying mass in a church so called at Rome.
+
+3. CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat'ana,
+which he supposed meant the capital of Media. Being wounded
+accidentally in Syria, he asked the name of the place; and being told
+it was Ecbatana, "Here, then, I am destined to end my life."
+
+4. A Messenian seer, being sent to consult the Delphic oracle
+respecting the issue of the Messenian war, then raging, received for
+reply:
+
+  When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, O, seer,
+  From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near!
+
+In order to avert this calamity, all goats were diligently chased from
+the banks of the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a _fig tree_ growing
+on the river-side, and its branches dipped into the stream. The
+interpretation of the oracle flashed across his mind, for he
+remembered that _goat_ and _fig tree_, in the Messenian dialect were
+the same word.
+
+[Illustration] The pun would be clearer to an English reader if "a
+stork" were substituted for _the goat_: "When a stork stoops to drink
+of the Neda;" and the "stalk" of the fig tree dipping into the stream.
+
+5. When the allied Greeks demanded of the Delphic oracle what would be
+the issue of the battle of Salamis, they received for answer:
+
+  Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell
+  How thousands fought at Salamis and fell;
+
+but whether the oracle referred to the Greeks or Persians who were to
+fall by "thousands," was not stated.
+
+6. When CROESUS demanded what would be the issue of the battle against
+the Persians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, he "should behold a
+mighty empire overthrown;" but whether that empire was his own, or
+that of Cyrus, only the actual issue of the fight could determine.
+
+7. Similarly, when PHILIP of Macedon sent to Delphi to inquire if his
+Persian expedition would prove successful, he received for reply, "The
+ready victim crowned for sacrifice stands before the altar." Philip
+took it for granted that the "ready victim" was the king of Persia,
+but it was himself.
+
+8. TARQUIN sent to Delphi to learn the fate of his struggle with the
+Romans for the recovery of his throne, and was told, "Tarquin will
+never fall till a dog speaks with the voice of a man." The "dog" was
+Junius Brutus, who was called a dog by way of contempt.
+
+9. When the oracle was asked who would succeed Tarquin, it replied,
+"He who shall first kiss his mother." Whereupon Junius Brutus fell to
+the earth, and exclaimed, "Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother earth!"
+
+10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke of Somerset, if he wished to
+live, to "avoid where castles mounted stand." The duke died in an
+ale-house called the Castle, in St. Alban's.--Shakespeare, _2 Henry
+VI._ act v. sc. 2.
+
+11. A wizard told King Edward IV. that "after him should reign one the
+first letter of whose name should be G." The king thought the person
+meant was his brother George, but the duke of Gloucester was the
+person pointed at.--Holinshed, _Chronicles_; Shakespeare, _Richard
+III._ act i. sc. I.
+
+ERAC'LIUS (_The emperor_) condemned a knight to death on the
+supposition of murder; but the man supposed to be murdered making his
+appearance, the condemned man was taken back, under the expectation
+that he would be instantly acquitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all
+three to be put to death: the knight, because the emperor had ordered
+it; the man who brought him back, because he had not carried out the
+emperor's order; and the man supposed to be murdered, because he was
+virtually the cause of death to the other two.
+
+This tale is told in the _Gesta Romanorum_, and Chaucer has put it
+into the mouth of his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, in his _De
+Ira_; but he ascribes it to Cornelius Piso, and not to Eraclius.
+
+ÉRASTE (_2 syl._), hero of _Les Fåcheux_ by Molière. He is in love
+with Orphiso (_2 syl._), whose tutor is Damis (1661).
+
+ER'CELDOUN (_Thomas of_), also called "Thomas the Rhymer," introduced
+by Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry
+I.).
+
+It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not dead, but that he is
+sleeping beneath the Eildon Hills, in Scotland. One day, he met with
+a lady of elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she led him to
+an under-ground region, where he remained for seven years. He then
+revisited the earth, but bound himself to return when summoned. One
+day, when he was making merry with his friends, he was told that
+a hart and hind were parading the street; and he knew it was his
+summons, so he immediately went to the Eildon tree, and has never
+since been heard of.--Sir W. Scott, _Minstrelsy of the Scottish
+Border_.
+
+[Illustration: symbol] This tale is substantially the same in the
+German one of _Tannhäuser_ (_q.v._).
+
+ERECK, a knight of the Round Table. He marries the beautiful Enite (_2
+syl_.), daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a state of idleness
+and effeminacy, till Enite rouses him to action. He then goes forth
+on an expedition of adventures, and after combating with brigands,
+giants, and dwarfs, returns to the court of King Arthur, where
+he remains till the death of his father. He then enters on his
+inheritance, and lives peaceably the rest of his life.--Hartmann von
+der Aue, _Ereck_ (thirteenth century).
+
+EREEN'IA (3 _syl._), a glendoveer' or good spirit, the beloved son of
+Cas'yapa (_3 syl_.), father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity on
+Kail'yal (_2 syl_.), daughter of Ladur'lad, and carried her to his
+Bower of Bliss in paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could not stay,
+because she was still a living daughter of earth. On her return to
+earth, she was chosen for the bride of Jagannaut, and Ar'valan came to
+dishonor her; but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia came to her
+rescue. Ereenia was set upon by the witch Lor'rimite (_3 syl_.), and
+carried to the submerged city of Baly, whence he was delivered by
+Ladurlad. The glendoveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, but the
+god sent him to Yamen (_i.e._ Pluto), and Yamen said the measure of
+iniquity was now full, so Arvalan and his father Kehama were both made
+inmates of the city of everlasting woe; while Ereenia carried Kailyal,
+who had quaffed the waters of immortality, to his Bower of Bliss, to
+dwell with him in everlasting joy.--Southey, _Curse of Kehoma_ (1809).
+
+ERET'RIAN BULL _(The)._ Menede'mos of Eretria, in Eubae'a, was called
+"Bull" from the bull-like breadth and gravity of his face. He founded
+the Eretrian school (fourth century B.C.).
+
+ERIC, "Windy-cap," king of Sweden. He could make the wind blow from
+any quarter by simply turning his cap. Hence arose the expression, "a
+capful of wind."
+
+ERIC GRAY. A young man whose religious principles will not let him
+marry the girl he loves because she has not "joined the church." His
+old love tells the story after his funeral.
+
+  "And all my heart went forward, past the shadows and the cross,
+  Even to that home where perfect love hath never thorn nor loss;
+  Where neither do they marry, nor in marriage are given,
+  But are like unto the angels in GOD'S house, which is Heaven."
+
+Margaret E. Sangster, _Eric's Funeral_ (1882).
+
+ERICHTHO _[Erik'.tho]_, the famous Thessaliaii witch consulted by
+Pompey.--Lucan, _Pharsalia_, vi.
+
+ERICKSON _(Sweyn)_, a fisherman at Jarlshof.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+ERIC'THO, the witch in John Marston's tragedy called _The Wonder of
+Women_ or _Sophonisba_ (160)5.
+
+ERIG'ENA (_John Scotus_), called "Scotus the Wise." He must not be
+confounded with Duns Scotus, "the Subtle Doctor," who lived some four
+centuries later. Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 1308.
+
+ERIG'ONE (4 _syl_.), the constellation _Virgo_. She was the daughter
+of Icarios, an Athenian, who was murdered by some drunken peasants.
+Erigonê discovered the dead body by the aid of her father's dog Moera,
+who became the star called _Canis_.
+
+  ... "that virgin, frail Erigonê,
+  Who by compassion got preëminence."
+
+Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_.
+
+ERILL'YAB (3 _syl_.), the widowed and deposed Queen of the Hoamen (2
+_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri.
+Her husband was King Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc when he
+reached America, espoused her cause, and succeeded in restoring her to
+her throne and empire.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+ERIPHY'LE (4 _syl_.), the wife of Amphiara'os. Being bribed by a
+golden necklace, she betrayed to Polyni-cês where her husband had
+concealed himself that he might not go to the seige of Thebes, where
+he knew that he should be killed. Congreve calls the word Eriph'yle.
+
+  When Eriphylê broke her plighted faith,
+  And for a bribe procured her husband's death.
+
+Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.
+
+ERISICH'THON (should be _Erysichthon_), a Thessaliad, whose appetite
+was insatiable. Having spent all his estate in the purchase of food,
+nothing was left but his daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy food
+for his voracious appetite; but Metra had the power of transforming
+herself into any shape she chose, so as often as as her father
+sold her, she changed her form and returned to him. After a time,
+Erisichthon was reduced to feed upon himself.--Ovid, _Metaph_, viii. 2
+(740 to end).
+
+Drayton says when the Wyre saw her goodly oak trees sold for firewood,
+she bethought her of Erisichthon's end, who, "when nor sea, nor land,
+sufficient were," ate his own flesh.--_Polyolbion_, vii.
+
+  So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say),
+  With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding;
+  Ten thousand dishes severed every day,
+  Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing.
+  In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed;
+  A whole camp's meat he in his gorge inhumed;
+  And all consumed, his hunger yet was unconsumed.
+
+Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).
+
+ERLAND, father of Norna "of the Fitful Head."--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+ERL-KING, a spirit of mischief, which haunts the Black Forest of
+Thuringia.
+
+Goethe has a ballad called the _Erl-könig_, and Herder has translated
+the Danish ballad of _Sir Olaf and the Erl-King's Daughter_.
+
+In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home through the night and storm
+with a child in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, who entices the
+child with promises of fairy-gifts, and finally kills it.
+
+ERMANGARDE OF BALDRINGHAM (_The Lady_), aunt of the Lady Eveline
+Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+ER'MELINE (_Dame_), the wife of Reynard, in the beast-epic called
+_Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+ERMIN'IA, the heroine of _Jerusalem Delivered_. She fell in love with
+Tancred, and when the Christian army beseiged Jerusalem, arrayed
+herself in Clorinda's armor to go to him. After certain adventures,
+she found him wounded, and nursed him tenderly; but the poet has
+not told us what was the ultimate lot of this fair Syrian.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ERNA'NI, the robber-captain, duke of Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord of
+Aragon, and count of Ernani. He is in love with Elvi'ra, the betrothed
+of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom she detests.
+Charles V. falls in love with her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani in a
+league against their common rival. During this league Ernani gives Ruy
+Gomez a horn, saying, "Sound but this horn, and at that moment Ernani
+will cease to live." Just as he is about to espouse Elvira, the horn
+is sounded, and Ernani stabs himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an opera,
+1841).
+
+ERNEST (_Duke_), son-in-law of Kaiser Konrad II. He murders his feudal
+lord, and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to expiate his crime.
+The poem so called is a mixture of Homeric legends, Oriental myths,
+and pilgrims' tales. We have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and
+enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and devotees. After a world of
+hair-breadth escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepulchre, pays
+his vows, returns to Germany, and is pardoned.--Henry Von Veldig
+(minnesinger), _Duke Ernest_ (twelfth century).
+
+ERNEST DE FRIDBERG, "the prisoner of the State." He was imprisoned in
+the dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress for fifteen years on a false
+charge of treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter by the countess
+Marie), dressed in the clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb
+jailor-boy, gets access to the dungeon and contrives his escape; but
+he is retaken, and led back to the dungeon. Being subsequently set at
+liberty, he marries the countess Marie (the mother of Ulrica).--E.
+Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847.)
+
+EROS, the manumitted slave of Antony the triumvir. Antony made Eros
+swear that he would kill him if commanded by him so to do. When in
+Egypt, Antony after the battle of Actium, fearing lest he should fall
+into the hands of Octavius Cæsar, ordered Eros to keep his promise.
+Eros drew his sword, but thrust it into his own side, and fell dead at
+the feet of Antony. "O noble Eros," cried Antony, "I thank thee for
+teaching me how to die!"--Plutarch.
+
+[Illustration] Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's _Antony and
+Cleopatra_, and in Dryden's _All for Love or the World Well Lost_.
+
+(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and hence amorous poetry is called
+Erotic.)
+
+EROS'TRATOS (in Latin EROSTRATUS), the incendiary who set fire to the
+temple of Diana of Ephesus, that his name might be perpetuated. An
+edict was published, prohibiting any mention of the name, but the
+edict was wholly ineffective.
+
+[Illustration] Charles V., wishing to be shown over the Pantheon [_All
+Saints_] of Rome, was taken to the top by a Roman knight. At parting,
+the knight told the emperor that he felt an almost irresistible desire
+to push his majesty down from the top of the building, "in order to
+immortalize his name." Unlike Erostratos, the name of this knight has
+not transpired. ERO'TA, a very beautiful but most imperious princess,
+passionately beloved by Philander, Prince of Cyprus.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ERRA-PATER, an almanac, an almanac-maker, an astrologer. Samuel Butler
+calls Lilly, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, which we are told was
+the name of a famous Jewish astrologer.
+
+  His only Bible was an Erra-Pater.
+
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).
+
+  "What's here? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl"
+  [_the person was Foresight_].
+
+Congreve, _Love for Love_, iv. (1695).
+
+ERRAGON, king of Lora (in Scandinavia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief,
+offered him his services, and obtained several important victories;
+but Lorma, the king's wife, falling in love with him, the guilty pair
+escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded the country, and slew Aldo in
+single combat, but was himself slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni.
+As for Lorma, she died of grief.--Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_.
+
+ERRANT DAMSEL (_The_), Una.--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, iii. 1 (1590).
+
+ERRIMA, Greek maiden chidden by her mother for dreaming of Sappho, and
+Lesbian dances and Delphian lyre, and commanded to
+
+  "rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy spinning."
+
+She answers that talk of matron dignities and household tasks wearies
+her:
+
+  "I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay:
+  Forego them all for room to chant out free
+  The silent rhythms I hum within my heart,
+  And so for ever leave my weary spinning!"
+
+Margaret J. Preston, _Old Song and New_. (1870).
+
+ERROL (_Cedric_). Bright American boy, living with his widowed mother,
+whose grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for and adopts him. The
+boy's sweetness of manners and nobility of nature conquer the old
+man's prejudices, and win him to sympathy and co-operation in his
+schemes for making the world better.--Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Little
+Lord Fauntleroy_ (1889).
+
+ERROL (_Gilbert, earl of_), lord high constable of Scotland.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ERROR, a monster who lived in a den in "Wandering Wood," and with,
+whom the Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. She had a brood
+of 1000 young ones of sundry shape, and these cubs crept into their
+mother's mouth when alarmed, as young kangaroos creep into their
+mother's pouch. The knight was nearly killed by the stench which
+issued from the foul fiend, but he succeeded in "rafting" her head
+off, whereupon the brood lapped up the blood, and burst with satiety.
+
+  Half like a serpent horribly displayed,
+  But th' other half did woman's shape retain.
+  And as she lay upon the dirty ground,
+  Her huge long tail her den all overspread,
+  Yet was in knots and many boughts [_folds_] up-wound,
+  Pointed with mortal sting.
+
+Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, i. 1 (1590).
+
+ERROR OF ARTISTS, (See ANACHRONISMS).
+
+ANGELO (_Michel_), in his great picture of the "Last Judgment" has
+introduced Charon's bark.
+
+BREUGHEL, the Dutch painter, in a picture of the "Wise Men of the
+East" making their offerings to the infant Jesus, has represented
+one of them dressed in a large white surplice, booted and spurred,
+offering the model of a Dutch seventy-four to the infant.
+
+ETTY has placed by the bedside of Holofernes a helmet of the period of
+the seventeenth century.
+
+MAZZOCHI (_Paulo_), in his "Symbolical Painting of the Four Elements,"
+represents the sea by _fishes_, the earth by _moles_, fire by a
+_salamander_, and air by a _camel_! Evidently he mistook the chameleon
+(which traditionally lives on air) for a camel.
+
+TINTORET, in a picture which represents the "Israelites Gathering
+Manna in the Wilderness," has armed the men with guns.
+
+VERONESE (_Paul_), in his "Marriage Feast of Cana of Galilee," has
+introduced among the guests several Benedictines.
+
+WEST, president of the Royal Academy, has represented Paris the
+Phrygian in Roman costume.
+
+WESTMINSTER HALL is full of absurdities. Witness the following as
+specimens:--
+
+Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a Roman cuirass and sandals, but
+on his head is a full-bottomed wig of the eighteenth century.
+
+The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in the costume of a Roman emperor,
+and his duchess in the court dress of George I. period.
+
+ERRORS OF AUTHORS, (See ANACHRONISMS.)
+
+AKENSIDE. He views the Ganges from _Alpine_ heights.--_Pleasures of
+Imagination_.
+
+ALLISON (_Sir Archibald_), says: "_Sir Peregine Pickle_ was one of the
+pall-bearers of the Duke of Wellington."--_Life of Lord Castlereagh_.
+
+In his _History of Europe_, the phrase _droit de timbre_ ("stamp
+duty") he translates "timber duties."
+
+ARTICLES OF WAR FOR THE ARMY. It is ordered "that every recruit shall
+have the 40th and 46th of the articles read to him." (art. iii.).
+
+The 40th article relates wholly to the misconduct of _chaplains_, and
+has no sort of concern with recruits. Probably the 41st is meant,
+which is about mutiny and insubordination.
+
+BROWNE (_William_) _Apellês' Curtain_. W. Browne says:
+
+  If ... I set my pencil to Appellês table [painting]
+  Or dare to _draw his curtain_.
+
+_Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 2.
+
+This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, but by Parrhasius, who lived
+a full century before Apelles. The contest was between Zeuxis and
+Parrhasius. The former exhibited a bunch of grapes which deceived the
+birds, and the latter a curtain which deceived the competitor.
+
+BRUYSSEL (_E. von_) says: "According to Homer, Achillês had a
+vulnerable heel." It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth to
+Homer. The blind old bard nowhere says a word about it. The story of
+dipping Achillês in the river Styx is altogether post-Homeric.
+
+BYRON. _Xerxes' Ships_. Byron says that Xerxes looked on his "ships by
+thousands" off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire number of sails were
+1200; of these 400 were wrecked before the battle off the coast of
+Sêpias, so that even supposing the whole of the rest were engaged, the
+number could not exceed 800.--_Isles of Greece_.
+
+_The Isle Teos_. In the same poem he refers to "Teos" as one of the
+isles of Greece, but Teos is a maritime town on the coast of Ionia, in
+Asia Minor.
+
+CERVANTES. _Dorothea's Father_. Dorothea represents herself as Queen
+of Micomicon, because both her father and mother were _dead_, but Don
+Quixote speaks of him to her as _alive_.--Pt. I. iv. 8.
+
+_Mambrino's Helmet_. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are told that the
+galley-slaves set free by Don Quixote assaulted him with stones, and
+"snatching the basin from his head, _broke it to pieces_." In bk. iv.
+15 we find this basin quite whole and sound, the subject of a judicial
+inquiry, the question being whether it was a helmet or a barber's
+basin. Sancho (ch. 11) says, he "picked it up, bruised and battered,
+intending to get it mended;" but he says, "I broke it to pieces," or,
+according to one translator, "broke it into a thousand pieces." In
+bk. iv. 8 we are told that Don Quixote "came from his chamber armed
+_cap-à-pie_, with the barber's basin on his head."
+
+_Sancho's Ass_. We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) that Gines de Passamonte
+"stole Sancho's ass." Sancho laments the loss with true pathos, and
+the knight condoles with him. But soon afterwards Cervantes says: "He
+_[Sancho]_ jogged on leisurely upon his ass after his master."
+
+_Sancho's Great-coat_. Sancho Panza, we are told, left his wallet
+behind in the Crescent Moon tavern, where he was tossed in a blanket,
+and put the provisions left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5).
+The galley-slaves robbed him of "his _great-coat_, leaving only his
+doublet" (ch. 8), but in the next chapter (9) we find "the victuals
+had not been touched," though the rascals "searched diligently for
+booty." Now, if the food was in the great-coat, and the great-coat was
+stolen, how is it that the victuals remained in Sancho's possession
+untouched?
+
+_Sancho's Wallet_. We are told that Sancho left his wallet by mistake
+at the tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 5), but in ch. 9, when
+he found the portmanteau, "he crammed the gold and linen into his
+wallet."--Pt. I. iii.
+
+To make these oversights more striking, the author says, when Sancho
+found the portmanteau, "he entirely forgot the loss of his _wallet_,
+his _great-coat_, and of his faithful companion and servant Dapple"
+(_the ass_).
+
+_Supper_. Cervantes makes the party at the Crescent tavern eat two
+suppers in one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders in supper, and
+"after supper" they read the story of _Fatal Curiosity_. In ch. 12 we
+are told "the cloth was laid [_again_] for supper," and the company
+sat down to it, quite forgetting that they had already supped.--Pt. I.
+iv.
+
+CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA states that "the fame of Beaumarchais rests
+on his two operas, _Le Barbier de Seville_ (1755) and _Le Mariage de
+Figaro_." Every one knows that Mozart composed the opera of _Figaro_
+(1786), and that Casti wrote the libretto. The opera of _Le Barbier
+de Seville_, or rather _Il Barbiere di Siviglia_, was composed by
+Rossini, in 1816. What Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, one in
+four acts and the other in five acts.--Art. "Beaumarchais."
+
+CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL. We are told, in a paper entitled "Coincidences,"
+that Thursday has proved a fatal day with the Tudors, for on that day
+died Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. If this
+had been the case it would, indeed, have been startling; but what
+are the facts? Henry VIII. died on _Friday_, January 28, 1547, and
+Elizabeth died on _Monday_, March 24, 1603.--Rymer, _Foedera_, xv.
+
+In the same paper we are told with equal inaccuracy that _Saturday_
+has been fatal to the present dynasty, "for William IV. and every
+one of the Georges died on a Saturday." What, however, says history
+proper? William IV. died on _Tuesday_, June 20, 1837; George I. died
+_Wednesday_, June 11, 1727; George III. died _Monday_, January 29,
+1820; George IV. died _Sunday_, June 26, 1830; and only George II.
+died on a _Saturday_, "the day [_so_] fatal to the present dynasty."
+
+CHAUCER says: The throstle-cock sings so sweet a tone that Tubal
+himself, the first musican, could not equal it.--_The Court of Love_.
+Of course he means Jubal.
+
+CIBBER (_Colley_), in his _Love Makes a Man_, i., makes Carlos the
+student say, "For the cure of herds [_Virgil's_] _bucolicks_ are a
+master-piece; but when his art describes the commonwealth of bees ...
+I'm ravished." He means _Georgics_. The _Bucolics_ are eclogues, and
+never touch upon either of these subjects. The diseases and cures of
+cattle are in _Georgic_ iii., and the habits, etc., of bees, _Georgic_
+iv.
+
+CID (_The_). When Alfonso succeeded his brother Sancho and banished
+the Cid, Rodrigo is made to say:
+
+  Prithee say where were these gallants
+  (Bold enough when far from blows)?
+  Where were they when I, unaided,
+  Rescued thee from thirteen foes?
+
+The historic fact is, not that Rodrigo rescued Alfonso from thirteen
+foes, but that the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of Alfonso's foes.
+Eleven he slew, and two he put to flight.--_The Cid_, xvi. 78.
+
+COLMAN. Job Thornberry says to Peregrine, who offers to assist him in
+his difficulties, "Desist, young man, in time." But Peregrine was at
+least 45 years old when so addressed. He was 15 when Job first knew
+him, and had been absent thirty years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry
+himself was not above five or six years older.
+
+COWPER calls the rose "the glory of April and May," but June is the
+great rose month. In the south of England they begin to bloom in the
+latter half of May, and go on to the middle of July. April roses would
+be horticultural curiosities.
+
+CRITICS at fault. The licentiate tells Don Quixote that some critics
+found fault with him for defective memory, and instanced it in this;
+"We are told that Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has forgotten
+to mention who the thief was." This is not the case, as we are
+distinctly informed that it was stolen by Gines de Passamonte, one of
+the galley slaves.--_Don Quixote_, II. i. 3.
+
+DICKENS, in _Edwin Drood_, puts "rooks and rooks' nests" (instead of
+daws) "in the tower of Cloisterham."
+
+In _Nicholas Nickleby_ he presents Mr. Squeers as setting his boys "to
+hoe turnips" in midwinter.
+
+In _The Tale of Two Cities_, iii. 4, he says: "The name of the strong
+man of Old Scripture descended to the chief functionary who worked the
+guillotine." But the name of this functionary was Sanson, not Samson.
+
+GALEN says that man has seven bones in the sternum (instead of three);
+and Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends that "in days of yore the
+robust chests of heroes had more bones than men now have."
+
+GREENE (_Robert_) speaks of Delphos as an _island_; But Delphos, or
+rather Delphi, was a city of Phocis, and no island. "Six noblemen were
+sent to the isle of Delphos."--_Donastus and Faunia_. Probably he
+confounded the city of Delphi with the isle of Delos.
+
+HALLIWELL, in his _Archaic Dictionary_, says: "Crouchmas means
+Christmas," and adds that Tusser is his authority. But this is
+altogether a mistake. Tusser, in his "_May_ Remembrances," says: "From
+bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be past," _i.e._ St. Helen's Day. Tusser
+evidently means from May 3 (the invention of the Cross) to August 18
+(St. Helen's Day or the Cross-mas), not Christmas.
+
+HIGGONS (_Bevil_) says:
+
+  The Cyprian queen, drawn by Apellês hand.
+  Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand!
+  But then bright nymphs from every part of Greece
+  Did all contribute to adorn the piece.
+
+_To Sir Godfrey Kneller_ (1780).
+
+Tradition says that Apellês model was either Phyrne, or Campaspê,
+afterwards his wife. Campbell has borrowed these lines, but ascribes
+the painting to Protog'enês the Rhodian.
+
+  When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed
+  The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade,
+  The happy master mingled in the piece
+  Each look that charmed him in the fair of Greece.
+
+_Pleasures of Hope_, ii.
+
+JOHNSON (_Dr_.) makes Addison speak of Steele as "Little Dicky"
+whereas the person so called by Addison was not Richard Steele, but a
+dwarfish actor who played "Gomez" in Dryden's _Spanish Fryar_.
+
+LONDON NEWSPAPER (_A_), one of the leading journals of the day, has
+spoken three times within two years of "passing _under_ the Caudine
+Forks," evidently supposing them to be a "yoke" instead of a valley or
+mountain pass.
+
+LONGFELLOW calls Erig'ena a _Scotchman_, whereas the very word means
+an Irishman.
+
+  Done into Latin by that Scottish beast.
+  Erigena Johannes.
+
+_Golden Legend_.
+
+"Without doubt, the poet mistook John Duns _[Scottus]_, who died
+in 1308, for John Scottus _[Erigena]_, who died in 875. Erigena
+translated into Latin, _St. Dionysius._ He was latitudinarian in his
+views, and anything but 'a Scottish beast or Calvinist.'"
+
+_The Two Angels_. Longfellow crowns the _death-angel_ with amaranth,
+with which Milton says, "the spirits elect bind their resplendent
+locks;" and his angel of _life_ he crowns with asphodels, the flowers
+of Pluto or the grave.
+
+MELVILLE (_Whyte_) makes a very prominent part of his story called
+_Holmby House_ turn on the death of a favorite hawk named Diamond,
+which Mary Cave tossed off, and saw "fall lifeless at the king's feet"
+(ch. xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this very hawk is represented to be alive;
+"proud, beautiful, and cruel, like a _Venus Victrix_ it perched on her
+mistress's wrist, unhooded."
+
+MILTON. "Colkitto or Macdonnel or Galasp." In this line of Sonnet XI,
+Milton seems to speak of three different persons, but in reality they
+are one and the same; i.e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, son of
+Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch means left-handed.
+
+In _Comus_ (ver. 880) he makes the siren Ligea sleek her hair with a
+golden comb, as if she were a Scandinavian mermaid.
+
+MOORE (_Thom_.) says:
+
+  The sunflower turns on her god, when he sets,
+  The same look which she turned when he rose.
+
+_Irish Melodies_, ii. ("Believe Me, if all those Endearing Young
+Charms").
+
+The sunflower does not turn either to the rising or setting sun. It
+receives its name solely because it resembles a picture sun. It is not
+a turn-sun or heliotrope at all.
+
+MORRIS (_W_.), in his _Atalanta's Race_, renders the Greek word
+_Saophron_ "safron," and says:
+
+  She the saffron gown will never wear,
+  And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid;
+
+_i.e._ she will never be a bride. Nonnius (bk. xii.) tells us that
+virtuous women wore a girdled gown called _Saophron_ ("chaste"), to
+indicate their purity and to prevent indecorous liberties. The gown
+was not yellow at all, but it was girded with a girdle.
+
+MURPHY, in the _Grecian Daughter_, says (act i. 1):
+
+  Have you forgot the elder Dionysius,
+  Surnamed the Tyrant?... Evander came from Greece,
+  And sent the tyrant to his humble rank,
+  Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence,
+  A wandering sophist thro' the realms of Greece.
+
+It was not Dionysius the _Elder_, but Dionysius the _Younger_, who was
+the "wandering sophist;" and it was not Evander, but Timoleon, who
+dethroned him. The elder Dionysius was not dethroned at all, nor
+even reduced "to humble rank." He reigned thirty-eight years without
+interruption, and died a king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the
+age of 63.
+
+In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia says to Dionysius the Younger:
+
+  Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius.
+
+It was not the father, but the son, (Dionysius the Younger) who lived
+in exile at Corinth.
+
+In the same play he makes Timo'leon victorious over the Syracusans
+(that is historically correct); and he makes Euphrasia stab Dionysius
+the Younger, whereas he retreated to Corinth, and spent his time in
+debauchery, but supported himself by keeping a school. Of his death
+nothing is known, but certainly he was not stabbed to death by
+Euphrasia.--See Plutarch.
+
+RYMER, in his _Foedera_, ascribes to Henry I. (who died in 1135) a
+preaching expedition for the restoration of Rochester Church, injured
+by fire in 1177 (vol. I i. 9).
+
+In the previous page Rymer ascribes to Henry I. a deed of gift from
+"Henry, king of England and _lord of Ireland_;" but every one knows
+that Ireland was conquered by Henry II., and the deed referred to was
+the act of Henry III.
+
+On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, in 1298, to swear "in no wise
+to confederate with Richard I."; whereas Richard I. died in 1199.
+
+SABINE MAID (_The_). G. Gilfillan, in his introductory essay to
+Longfellow, says: "His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid,
+have not crushed him." Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome to the
+Sabines, and was crushed to death by their shields, was not a _Sabine_
+maid, but a Roman.
+
+SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). In the _Heart of Midlothian_ we read;:
+
+She _[Effie Deans_] amused herself with visiting the dairy ... and was
+so near discovering herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaintance
+with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared
+herself to Bedredeen Hassan, whom the vizier his father in-law
+discovered by his superlative skill in composing cream-tarts with
+pepper in them.
+
+In these few lines are several gross errors: (1) cream-tarts should
+be _cheese-cakes_; (2) the charge was "that he made cheese-cakes
+_without_ putting pepper in them," and not that he made "cream-tarts
+_with_ pepper;" (3) it was not the vizier, his father-in-law and
+uncle, but his mother, the widow of Nouredeen, who made the discovery,
+and why? for the best of all reasons--because she herself had taught
+her son the receipt. The party were at Damascus at the time.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.). (See page 389, "Thackeray.")
+
+  "What!" said Bedredeen, "was everything in
+  my house to be broken and destroyed ... only
+  because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake!"
+
+_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.).
+
+Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of "the philosopher who appealed
+from Philip inflamed with wine to Philip in his hours of sobriety"
+(_Antiquary_, x.). This "philosopher" was a poor old woman.
+
+SHAKESPEARE. _Althaea and the Fire-brand_. Shakespeare says, (_Henry
+IV_. act ii. sc. 2) that "Althaea dreamt that she was delivered of a
+fire-brand." It was not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a little
+before Paris was born, that her offspring was a brand that consumed
+the kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that the Fates laid a log of wood
+on a fire, and told her that her son would live till that log was
+consumed; whereupon she snatched up the log and kept it from the fire,
+till one day her son Melea'ger offended her, when she flung the log on
+the fire, and her son died, as the Fates predicted.
+
+_Bohemia's Coast_. In the _Winter's Tale_ the vessel bearing the
+infant Perdita is "driven by storm on the coast of Bohemia;" but
+Bohemia has no seaboard at all.
+
+In _Coriolanus_, Shakespeare makes Volumnia the mother, and Virgilia
+the wife, of Coriolanus; but his _wife_ was Volumnia, and his _mother_
+Veturia.
+
+_Delphi an Island_. In the same drama (act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is
+spoken of as an island; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, containing a
+temple to Apollo. It is no island at all.
+
+_Duncan's Murder_. Macbeth did not murder Duncan in the castle of
+Inverness, as stated in the play, but at "the smith's house," near
+Elgin (1039).
+
+_Elsinore_. Shakespeare speaks of the beetling cliff of Elsinore,
+whereas Elsinore has no cliffs at all.
+
+  What if it [_the ghost_] tempt you toward the flood.
+  Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff
+  That beetles o'er its base into the sea?
+
+_Hamlet_, act i. sc. 4.
+
+_The Ghost_, in _Hamlet_, is evidently a Roman Catholic; he talks of
+purgatory, absolution, and other Catholic dogmas; but the Danes at the
+time were pagans.
+
+_St. Louis_. Shakespeare, in _Henry V_. act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X.
+"St. Louis," but "St. Louis" was Louis IX. It was Louis IX. whose
+"grandmother was Isabel," issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of
+the Carlovingians. Louis X. was the son of Philippe IV. (_le Bel_) and
+grandson of Philippe III. and "Isabel of Aragon," not Isabel, "heir of
+Capet of the line of Charles the duke of Lorain."
+
+_Macbeth_ was no tyrant, as Shakespeare makes him out to be, but a
+firm and equitable prince, whose title to the throne was better than
+that of Duncan.
+
+Again, _Macbeth_ was not slain by Macduff at Dunsin'ane, but made his
+escape from the battle, and was slain in 1056, at Lumphanan.--Lardner,
+_Cabinet Cyc_., 17-19.
+
+In _The Winter's Tale_, act v. sc. 2, one of the gentlemen refers to
+Julio Romano, the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), certainly
+some 1800 years or more before Romano was born.
+
+In _Twelfth Night_, the Illyrian clown speaks of St. Bennet's Church,
+London. "The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure, or the bells of
+St. Bennet's sure may put you in mind: one, two, three" (act v. sc.
+1); as if the duke was a Londoner.
+
+SPENSER. _Bacchus_ or _Saturn_? In the _Faëry Queen_, iii. 11,
+Britomart saw in the castle of Bu'sirane (_3 syl_.), a picture
+descriptive of the love of Saturn, who had changed himself into a
+centaur out of love for Erig'onê. It was not Saturn, but Bacchus who
+loved Erig'onê, and he was not tranformed into a centaur, but to a
+horse.
+
+_Beonê_ or _Oenonê_? In bk. vi. 9 (_Faëry Queen_) the lady-love of
+Paris is called Benonê, which ought to be Oenonê. The poet says that
+Paris was "by Plexippus' brook" when the golden apple was brought to
+him; but no such brook is mentioned by any classic author.
+
+_Critias and Socrates_. In bk. ii. 7 _(Faëry Queen)_ Spenser says:
+"The wise Socrates ... poured out his life ... to the dear Critias;
+his dearest bel-amie." It was not Socratês, but Theram'enes, one of
+the thirty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, said smiling,
+"This I drink to the health of fair Critias."--Cicero, _Tusculan
+Questions_.
+
+_Critias_ or _Crito_? In _Faëry Queen_, iv. (introduction), Spenser
+says that Socrates often discoursed of love to his friend Critias; but
+it was Crito, or rather Criton that the poet means.
+
+_Cyprus_ and _Paphos_. Spenser makes Sir Scudamore speak of a temple
+of Venus, far more beautiful than "that in Paphos, or that in Cyprus;"
+but Paphos was merely a town in the island of Cyprus, and the "two"
+are but one and the same temple.--_Faëry Queen_, iv. 10.
+
+_Hippomanês_. Spenser says the golden apples of Mammon's garden were
+better than Those with which the Eubaean young man won Swift Atalanta.
+_Faëry Queen_, ii. 7.
+
+The young man was Hippom'anês. He was not a "Eubaean," but a native of
+Onchestos, in Boeo'tia.
+
+TENNYSON, in the _Last Tournament_, says (ver. I), Dagonet was
+knighted in mockery by Sir Gaw'ain; but in the _History of Prince
+Arthur_ we are distinctly told that King Arthur knighted him with his
+own hand (pt. ii. 91).
+
+In _Gareth and Lynette_ the same poet says that Grareth was the son
+of Lot and Bellicent; but we are told a score times and more in the
+_History of Prince Arthur_, that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's
+sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36).
+
+King Lot ... wedded Margawse; Nentres ... wedded Elain.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 35, 36.
+
+In the same _Idyll_ Tennyson has changed Lionês to Lyonors; but,
+according to the collection of romances edited by Sir T. Malory, these
+were quite different persons. Lionês, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and
+sister of Linet of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth (pt. i. 153);
+but Lyonors was the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the unwedded
+mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15).
+
+Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry Lynette, and leaves the true
+heroine, Lyonors, in the cold; but the _History_ makes Grareth marry
+Lionês _(Lyonors)_, and Gaheris his brother marries Linet.
+
+Thus endeth the history of Sir Gareth, that wedded Dame Liones of the
+Castle Perilous; and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister Dame
+Linet.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (end of pt. i.).
+
+Again, in _Gareth and Lynette_, by erroneously beginning day with
+sunrise instead of the previous eve, Tennyson reverses the order of
+the knights, and makes the _fresh green morn_ represent the decline of
+day, or, as he calls it, "Hesperus" or "Evening Star;" and the blue
+star of evening he makes "Phosphorus" or the "Morning Star."
+
+Once more, in _Gareth and Lynette_, the poet-laureate makes the
+combat between Gareth and Death finished at a single blow, but in the
+_History_, Gareth fights from dawn to dewy eve.
+
+Thus they fought [_from sunrise_] till it was past noon, and would not
+stint, till, at last both lacked wind, and then stood they wagging,
+staggering, panting, blowing, and bleeding ... and when they had
+rested them awhile, they went to battle again, trasing, rasing,
+and foyning, as two boars ... Thus they endured till evening-song
+time.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 136.
+
+In _the Last Tournament_, Tennyson makes Sir Tristram stabbed to
+death, by Sir Mark in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying with
+his aunt, Isolt _the Fair_, but in the _History_ he was in bed in
+Brittany, severely wounded, and dies of a shock, because his wife
+tells him the ship in which he expected his aunt to come was sailing
+into port with a _black_ sail instead of a white one.
+
+The poet-laureate has deviated so often from the collection of tales
+edited by Sir Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too much space to
+point out his deviations even in the briefest manner.
+
+THACKERAY, in _Vanity Fair_, has taken from Sir Walter Scott his
+allusion to Bedredeen, and not from the _Arabian Nights._ He has,
+therefore, fallen into the same error, and added two more. He says: "I
+ought to have remembered the pepper which the Princess of Persia puts
+into the cream-tarts in India, sir" (ch. iii.). The charge was that
+Bedredeen made his _cheese-cakes without_ putting pepper into them.
+But Thackeray has committed in this allusion other blunders. It was
+not a "princess" at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, who for the nonce had
+become a confectioner. He learned the art of making cheese-cakes from
+his mother (a widow). Again, it was not a "princess of Persia," for
+Bedredeen's mother was the widow of the vizier of Balsora, at that
+time quite independent of Persia.
+
+VICTOR HUGO, in _Les Travailleurs de la Mer_, renders "the Frith of
+Forth" by the phrase _Premier des quatre_, mistaking "Frith" _for
+first_, and "Forth" _for fourth_ or four.
+
+In his _Marie Tudor_ he refers to the _History and Annals of Henry
+VII_. par Franc Baronum, "meaning" _Historia, etc_.
+
+_Henrici Septimi_, per Franciscum Baconum.
+
+VIEGIL has placed Æneas in a harbor which did not exist at the time.
+"Portusque require Velinos" _(Æneid_, vi. 366). It was Curius Dentatus
+who cut a gorge through the rocks to let the waters of the Velinus
+into the Nar. Before this was done, the Velinus was merely a number of
+stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about the same as if a modern poet
+were to make Columbus pass through the Suez Canal.
+
+In _Æneid_, in. 171 Virgil makes Æneas speak of "Ausonia;" but as
+Italy was so called from Auson, son of Ulysses and Calypso, of course
+Æneas could not have known the name.
+
+Again, in _Æneid_ ix. 571, he represents Chorinseus as slain by
+Asy'las; but in bk. xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus:
+
+Chorinaeum sternit Asylas
+
+Bk. ix. 571.
+
+Then:
+
+  Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinseus ab ara
+  Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti
+  Occupat os flammis, etc.
+
+  Bk. xii. 298, etc.
+
+Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, (ver. 554); but in bk. x. 562
+Numa is alive, and Æneas kills him.
+
+Once more, in bk. x. Æneas slays Camertês (ver. 562); but in bk. xii.
+224 Jaturna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his shape. But if he was
+dead, no one would have been deluded into supposing the figure to be
+the living man.
+
+[Illustration] Of course, every intelligent reader will be able to add
+to this list; but no more space can be allowed for the subject in this
+dictionary.
+
+ER'RUA ("_the mad-cap_"), a young man whose wit defeated the strength
+of the giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Polypheme). Thus the first
+competition was in throwing a stone. The giant threw his stone, but
+Errua threw a _bird_, which the giant supposed to be a stone, and as
+it flew out of sight, Errua won the wager. The next wager was a bar
+of iron. After the giant had thrown, Errua said, "From here to
+Salamanca;" whereupon the giant bade him not to throw, lest the bar of
+iron should kill his father and mother, who lived there; so the giant
+lost the second wager. The third was to pull a tree up by the roots;
+and the giant gave in because Errua had run a cord around a host of
+trees, and said, "You pull up one, but I pull up all these." The next
+exploit was at bed-time; Errua was to sleep in a certain bed; but
+he placed a dead man in the bed, while he himself got under it. At
+midnight Tartaro took his club and belabored the dead body most
+unmercifully. When Errua stood before Tartaro next morning, the giant
+was dumbfounded. He asked Errua how he had slept. "Excellently well,"
+said Errua, "but somewhat troubled by fleas." Other trials were made,
+but always in favor of Errua. At length a race was proposed, and Errua
+sewed into a bag the bowels of a pig. When he started, he cut the bag,
+strewing the bowels on the road. When Tartaro was told that his rival
+had done this to make himself more fleet, he cut his belly, and of
+course killed himself.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_ (1877).
+
+ERS'KINE _(The. Rev. Dr_.), minister of Grayfriar's Church,
+Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+ER'TANAX, a fish common in the Euphratês. The bones of this fish
+impart courage and strength.
+
+  A fish ... haunteth the flood of Eufratês ...
+  it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such
+  a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he
+  shall have so much courage that he shall never
+  be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor
+  sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing
+  he beholdeth before him.--Sir T. Malory, _History
+  of Prince Arthur_, iii. 84, (1470).
+
+ERUDITE (_Most_). Marcus Terentius Varro is called "the most erudite
+of the Romans" (B.C. 116-27).
+
+ER'YTHRE, modesty personified, the virgin page of Parthen'ia or maiden
+of chastity, in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully
+described in canto x. (Greek, _cruthros_, "red," from _eruthriao_, "to
+blush.")
+
+ERYSICHTHON [_Erri. sik'. thon_], a grandson of Neptune, who was
+punished by Cerês with insatiable hunger, for cutting down some trees
+in a grove sacred to that goddess. (See ERISICHTHON.)
+
+ES'CALUS, an ancient, kind-hearted lord in the deputation of the duke
+of Vienna.--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).
+
+_Es'calus_, Prince of Vero'na.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_
+(1598).
+
+ES'CANES (_3 syl_.), one of the lords of Tyre.--Shakespeare,
+_Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+ESCOBAR (_Mons. L_') the French, name for a fox, so called from M.
+Escobar the probabilist, whence also the verb _escobarder_, "to play
+the fox," "to play fast and loose."
+
+The French have a capital name for the fox, namely, M. L'Escobar,
+which may be translated the "shuffler," or more freely, "sly
+boots."--_The Daily News_, March 25, 1878.
+
+ESCOTILLO (_i.e. little Michael Scott_), considered by the common
+people as a magician, because he possessed more knowledge of natural
+and experimental philosophy than his contemporaries.
+
+ES'DALE (_Mr_.), a surgeon at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's
+Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+ES'INGS, the king of Kent. So called from Eisc, the father of Hengist,
+as the Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, the Romans from
+Romulus, the Cecrop'idae from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, and so
+on.--Ethelwerd, _Chron_., ii.
+
+ESMERALDA, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, with tambourine and goat,
+dances in the _place_ before Notre Dame de Paris, and is looked on as
+a witch. Quasimodo conceals her for a time in the church, but after
+various adventures she is gibbeted.--Victor Hugo, _Notre Dame de
+Paris_.
+
+_Esmeralda_; humbly-born heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work of
+same name. The story has been dramatized and played with great effect.
+
+ESMOND (_Henry_), a chivalrous cavalier in the reign of Queen Anne;
+the hero of Thackeray's novel called _Henry Esmond_ (1852).
+
+ESPLAN'DIAN, son of Am'adis and Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the
+subject of a fifth book to the four original books of _Amadis of Gaul_
+(1460).
+
+The description of the most furious battles, carried on with all the
+bloody-mindedness of an Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, _Every
+Man in his Humor_].--_Encyc. Brit_., Art. "Romance."
+
+ESPRIEL'LA (_Manuel Alvarez_), the apocryphal name of Robert Southey.
+The poet-laureate pretends that certain "letters from England,"
+written by this Spaniard, were translated by him from the original
+Spanish (three vols., 1807).
+
+ESSEX (_The earl of_), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord Burleigh
+and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl of
+Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved
+the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the
+queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very
+angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was
+taken, and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before
+the trial, telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted,
+if he sent to her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the
+queen sent the countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he
+had any plea to make. The earl entreated her to present the ring
+to her majesty, and petition her to spare the life of his friend
+Southampton. The countess purposely neglected this charge, and Essex
+was executed. The queen, it is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord
+Burleigh took care it should arrive too late. The poet says that Essex
+had recently married the countess of Rutland, that both the queen and
+the countess of Nottingham were jealous, and that this jealousy was
+the chief cause of the earl's death.
+
+The Abbè Boyer, La Calprènede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the
+some subject.
+
+_Essex_ (_The earl of_), lord high constable of England, introduced by
+Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ESTEL'LA, a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was
+affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.--C.
+Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+ESTHER, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She loves
+Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has to
+teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to Helen
+and Modus, only in lower social grade.--S. Knowles, _The Maid of
+Mariendorpt_ (1838).
+
+ESTHER HAWDON, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson,
+natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her
+marriage with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle
+creature, called by those who know and love her, "Dame Durden" or
+"Dame Trot." She is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery.
+Eventually she marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.--C. Dickens, _Bleak
+House_ (1852).
+
+ESTHER _Bush_: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced, sharp
+of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and
+children.--James Fennimore Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827).
+
+_Esther_ (_Queen_), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre,
+dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a
+sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown
+to travelers.--Ann Sophia Stevens, _Mary Derwent_ (1845).
+
+ESTIFA'NIA, an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the
+Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the
+copper captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's
+mansion. The captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans
+are only geese.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_
+(1640).
+
+EST-IL-POSSSIBLE? A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen
+Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling
+announcement was, _Est-il possible?_ With this exclamation he
+exhausted the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the
+sobriquet.
+
+EST'MERE (_2 syl_.), king of England. He went with his younger brother
+Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in marriage;
+but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of Spain,
+had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her
+voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother
+went to make preparations for the wedding, the "sowdan" arrived, and
+demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched to
+inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as a _harper
+and his boy_. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler sang,
+saying, "O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a king;"
+and then drawing his sword he slew the "sowdan," Estmere at the same
+time chasing from the hall the "kempery men." Being now master of
+the position, Estmere took "the ladye faire," made her his wife, and
+brought her home to England.--Percy, _Reliques_, 1. i. 5.
+
+ESTRILDIS OR ELSTRED, daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was
+taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became
+the mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling
+insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and
+her daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or
+Severn.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 2, etc.
+
+ESTWICKE (_John_), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, _Where the
+Battle was Fought_ (1884). His real name was John Fortescue.
+
+ETE'OCLES AND POLYNI'CES, the two sons Oe'dipos. After the expulsion
+of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign alternate
+years in Thebes. Eteoclês, being the elder, took the first turn, but
+at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his brother;
+whereupon Polynicês, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to the
+city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the
+other's hand.
+
+[Illustration] A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of
+Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged
+the Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body
+of French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry
+visited him in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like
+lions. Henry wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when
+Pedro seized him. At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the
+leg, tossed him over, and Henry slew him.--Menard, _History of Du
+Gueselin._
+
+ETHAN (_Allen_). He gives under his own hand the history of the
+capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular
+story that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, "_In the name of
+the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!_" _Allen's Narrative
+of Captivity_ (1779).
+
+ETH'ELBERT, king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings
+who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to
+convert the English to "the true faith" (596), and built St. Paul's,
+London.--Ethelwerd's _Chronicle_, ii.
+
+  Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king.
+  To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring
+  Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent...
+  That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xi. (1613).
+
+ETH'ERINGTON (_The late earl of_) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer.
+
+_The titular earl of Etherington_, his successor to the title and
+estates.
+
+_Marie de Martigny_ (_La comtesse_), wife of the titular earl of
+Etherington.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+ETHIOPIANS, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people
+El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call
+themselves Ithiopians or Ethiopians.--Seldon, _Titles of Honor_, vi.
+64.
+
+  Where the Abassin kings their issue guard,
+  Mount Amara.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 280 (1665).
+
+ETHIOP'S QUEEN, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, was
+Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (_2 syl_.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting
+that she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who
+complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster
+to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made a
+constellation of thirteen stars.
+
+  ... that starred Ethiop queen that strove
+  To set her beauty's praise above
+  The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.
+
+Milton, _Il Penseroso_, 19 (1638).
+
+
+ETHNIC PLOT. The "Popish Plot" is so called in Dryden's satire of
+_Absalom and Achitophel._ As Dryden calls the royalists "Jews,"
+and calls Charles II. "David, king of the Jews," the papists were
+"Gentiles" (or _Ethnoi_), whence the "Ethnic Plot" means the plot of
+the Ethnoi against the people of God.--Pt. i. (1681).
+
+ETIQUETTE (_Madame_), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of the
+ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her rigid
+enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the _ancien
+régime._
+
+ETNA. Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the
+hundred-handed giants.
+
+  The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does
+  The giant of mythology.
+
+Tennyson, _The Golden Supper_.
+
+ETTEILLA, the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier
+and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist,
+and was visited in his studio in the Hôtel de Crillon (Rue de la
+Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783
+he published _Manière de se Récréer avec le Jeu de Cartes nommées
+Tarots_. In the British Museum are some divination cards published
+in Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called _Grand
+Etteilla_ and _Petit Etteilla_, each pack being accompanied with a
+book of explication and instruction.
+
+ETTERCAP, an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The
+ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt "Attercop." (The
+Anglo-Saxon, _atter-cop_, poison-spider.)
+
+  O sirs, was sic difference seen
+  As 'twix wee Will and Tam,
+  The ane's a perfect ettercap,
+  The ither's just a lamb.
+  W. Miller, _Nursery Songs_.
+
+ETTRICK SHEPHERD _(The)_, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was born
+in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a
+shepherd (1772-1835).
+
+ETTY'S NINE PICTURES, "the Combat," the three "Judith" pictures,
+"Benaiah," "Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three pictures of "Joan
+of Arc."
+
+  "My aim," says Etty, "in all my great
+  pictures has been to paint some great moral on
+  the heart. 'The Combat' represents _the beauty
+  of mercy_; the three 'Judith' pictures, _patriotism_
+  [1, _self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man_; 3,
+  _self-devotion to country_;] 'Benaiah, David's chief
+  captain,' represents _valor_; 'Ulysses and the
+  Syrens,' _sensual delights_ or _the wages of sin is
+  death_; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc'
+  depict _religion, loyalty_ and _patriotism_. In all,
+  nine in number, as it was my desire to paint
+  three."--William Etty, of York (1787-1849).
+
+ET'ZEL or EZZEL _(i.e. Attila_), king of the Huns, in the songs of
+the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty
+principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried.
+In pt ii. of the _Niebelungen Lied_, he sees his sons and liegemen
+struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as
+unlike the Attila of history as a "hector" is to the noble Trojan "the
+protector of mankind."
+
+EU'CHARIS, one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was
+deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him
+away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and
+Mentor approved his choice.--Fenelon, _Télémaque_, vii. (1700).
+
+Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de
+Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but
+losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20.
+She used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this
+style of head-gear was called _à la Fontange_.
+
+EU'CLIO, a penurious old hunks.--Plautus, _Aulularia_.
+
+  Now you must explain all this to me, unless
+  you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does
+  Staphy'la--Sir W. Scott.
+
+EU'CRATES (3 _syl_.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens. A
+shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise;
+hence the Latin proverb:
+
+  Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates ("He has
+  more shifts than Eucrates").
+
+EUDO'CIA (_4 syl_.), daughter of Eu'menês, governor of Damascus.
+Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks
+the consent of Eumenês, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to
+the Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but
+refuses to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia
+retires into a nunnery.--John Hughes, _The Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+EUDON (_Count_) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, "too
+weak-minded to be independent." When the Spaniards rose up against
+the Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: "Strike off
+Count Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring
+him else in arms against us now" (ch. xxv.). Southey, _Roderick,
+etc_., xiii. (1814).
+
+EUDOX'IA, wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus
+"poisoned" the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _Valentinian_ (1617).
+
+EUGENE _(Aram)._ Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a
+murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted
+down.--Lord Lytton, _Eugene Aram_.
+
+EUGE'NIA, called "Silence" and the "Unknown." She was the wife of
+Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, "the foundling of the
+forest." In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used
+every endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were
+abortive, and his villainy at length was brought to light.--W. Dimond,
+_The Foundling of the Forest._
+
+EUGÉNIE _(Lalande)._ The marvellously well-preserved great-grandmother
+of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her. She reveals the
+trick that has been played on him by presenting him with a pair of
+eye-glasses.--Edgar Allan Poe, _The Spectacles_.
+
+EUGENIO, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra
+jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la
+Rosa.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote, I_. iv. 20 ("The Goatherd's Story,"
+1605).
+
+EUGENIUS, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall
+Stevenson was the original of this character.--Sterne, _Tristram
+Shandy_ (1759).
+
+EUHE'MEROS a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a _Sacred History_ to explain
+the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin
+mythologies.
+
+One could wish Euhêmeros had never been born. It was he that spoilt
+[_the old myths_] first.--Ouidà, _Ariadnê_, i.1.
+
+EULENSPIEGEL _(Tyll), i.e._ "Tyll Owl-glass," of Brunswick. A man
+who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic
+servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but
+rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs,
+rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether
+Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but
+by many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed
+to the famous German satirist, Thomas Murner.
+
+In the English versions of the story he is called _Howle-glass._
+
+To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal
+history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native
+village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.--Carlyle.
+
+EUMÆOS (in Latin, _Eumoes_), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses,
+hence any swine-herd.
+
+EU'MENES (_3 syl._), Governor of Damascus, and father of
+Eudo'cia.--John Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+EUMNES'TES, Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man,
+decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnestês.
+[Greek, _eumnêstis_, "good memory," _anamnêstis_, "research."--_Faëry
+Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).]
+
+EUNICE (_Alias "Nixey_"). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an
+illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from
+the street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue.
+
+In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she
+vows herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a
+thunderstorm is translation rather than dissolution.--Elizabeth Stuart
+Phelps _Hedged In_ (1870).
+
+EUPHRA'SIA, daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling "Viola" in
+Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_. Being in love with Prince Philaster,
+she assumes boy's attire, calls herself "Bellario," and enters the
+prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess
+Arethusa, and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender
+page. The sex of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness
+of this jealousy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies
+A-bleeding_ (1608).
+
+_Euphra'sia_, "the Grecian daughter," was daughter of Evander, the
+old king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a
+dungeon on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had
+fled from Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having
+gained admission to the dungeon where her aged father was dying from
+starvation, "fostered him at her breast by the milk designed for her
+own babe, and thus the father found a parent in the child." When
+Timoleon took Syracuse, Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but
+Euphrasia, rushing forward, struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.--A.
+Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).
+
+[Illustration] The same tale is told-of Xantippê, who preserved the
+life of her father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the
+old man held out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret.
+
+  There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light
+  What do I gaze on!...
+  An old man, and a female young and fair,
+  Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins
+
+  The blood is nectar ...
+  Here youth offers to old age the food,
+  The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire,
+  To whom she renders back the debt of blood.
+
+Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 148 (1817).
+
+EU'PHRASY, the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once supposed
+to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the archangel
+Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see into the
+distant future.--See Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 414-421 (1665).
+
+EU'PHUES (3 _syll_), the chief character in John Lilly's _Euphuês or
+The Anatomy of Wit_, and _Euphues and his England_. He is an Athenian
+gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and
+roving habits. Shakespeare borrowed his "government of the bees"
+_(Henry V_. act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphuês was designed to exhibit
+the style affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth. Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called
+_Euphues' Golden Legacy_ (1590).
+
+  "The commonwealth of your bees," replied
+  Euphuês,  "did so delight me that I was not a
+  little sorry that either their estates have not been
+  longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple
+  judgment, there was such an orderly government
+  that men may not be ashamed to imitate it."
+
+J. Lilly, _Euphues_ (1581).
+
+
+(The romances of Calprenéde and Scudéri bear the same relation to
+the jargon of Louis XIV., as the _Euphues_ of Lilly to that of Queen
+Elizabeth.)
+
+EURE'KA! or rather HEUKE'KA! ("I have discovered it!") The exclamation
+of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out how to
+test the purity of Hi'ero's crown.
+
+The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had
+given a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the
+metal, and he asked Archimedês to ascertain if his suspicion was well
+founded. The philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the
+water ran over, and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced
+its own bulk of water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of
+gold, and the crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown
+was pure gold, both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but
+they did not do so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with.
+Archimedes next immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference
+of water displaced soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy
+introduced by the artificer.
+
+  Vitruvius says: "When the idea occurred to
+  the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and
+  without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran
+  home, exclaiming, '_Heureka! heureka!_'"
+
+EURO'PA. _The Fight at Dame Europa's School_, written by the Rev.
+H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the
+Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871).
+
+EUROPE'S LIBERATOR. So Wellington was called after the overthrow of
+Bonaparte (1769-1852).
+
+  Oh, Wellington ... called "Saviour of the Nations"
+  And "Europe's Liberator."
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, ix. 5 (1824).
+
+EU'RUS, the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south wind;
+Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant
+("rising of the sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("setting of the
+sun ").
+
+  Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds--
+  Eurus and Zephyr.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 705 (1665).
+
+EURYD'ICE (_4 syl_.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on her
+wedding night.
+
+Orpheus went down to Hadês to crave for her restoration to life, and
+Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look
+back. When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he
+turned to see if Eurydicê´ was following, and just caught a glance of
+her as she was snatched back into the shades below.
+
+(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called _Ode on St.
+Cecilia's Day_, 1709.)
+
+EURYT'ION, the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night, but
+walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros.
+"Herculês them all did overcome."--Spenser, _Faëry Queen_, v. 10
+(1696).
+
+EUS'TACE, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Eustace, (Father)_, or "Father Eustatius," the superior and
+afterwards abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the
+friend of Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Eustace (Charles)_, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been
+clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named
+Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and
+conceals his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is
+thought to be a libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties
+are reconciled.--J. Poole, _The Scapegoat._
+
+_Eus'tace (Jack)_, the lover of Lucinda, and "a very worthy young
+fellow," of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse
+to the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir
+William Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent
+to the marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to
+do as his sister Deborah said positively he "should not do it."--Is.
+Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_.
+
+EVA (_St. Clair_). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's master,
+and Uncle Tom's warm friend.--H.B. Stowe, _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (1851).
+
+E'VA, daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard
+Day.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+EVAD'NE (3 _syl._), wife of Kap'aneus (_3 syl_.). She threw herself on
+the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him.
+
+_Evad'ne_ (3 _syl_.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by
+the king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the
+"maid" whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).--Beaumont
+and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the
+guilty boldness of Evadnê, and the rough soldier-like bearing and
+manly feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king
+more hateful and disgusting.--R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i.
+204.
+
+_Evad'ne_ or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief
+minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize
+the crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a
+high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the
+marquis is Evadnê (3 _syl_.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme
+is to get Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch
+Evadnê. With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadnê is the
+king's _fille d'amour_, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy
+cloak, but he adds "Never mind, it will make your fortune." The proud
+Neapolitan is disgusted, and flings off Evadnê as a viper. Her brother
+is indignant, challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and
+Vicentio falls. Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the
+king's amour, and induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then
+murder him. The king goes to the banquet, and Evadnê shows him the
+statues of the Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father,
+who at the battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The
+king is struck with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and
+the king conceals himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor
+minister the deed is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest,
+gibes him as his dupe, and exclaims, "Now I am king indeed!" At this
+moment the king comes forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico
+to be arrested. The traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him.
+Vicentio now enters, tells how his ear has been abused, and marries
+Evadnê.
+
+EVAN DHU OF LOCHIEL, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+EVAN DHU M'COMBICH, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+EVANDALE (_The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord_), in the royal army
+under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden,
+the granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of
+Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+EVAN'DER, the "good old king of Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius the
+Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius "and sent him for
+vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece."
+He was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top
+of a rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia
+had not nourished him with "the milk designed for her own babe."
+When Syracuse was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon
+Evander, and would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and
+stabbed the tryant to the heart.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_
+(1772). See ERRORS OF AUTHORS, "Dionysius."
+
+Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of
+"Evander."--W.C. Russell, _Representative Actors_, 426.
+
+EVANGELIC DOCTOR _(The)_, John Wycliffe, "the Morning Star of the
+Reformation" (1324-1384).
+
+EVANGELINE, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by
+Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict
+Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_).
+At the age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to
+Gabriel, son of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was
+exiled by the order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands
+were confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began
+the troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her
+betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached
+the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to
+Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to
+meet him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to
+Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the
+city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down
+with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but
+death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him
+in the grave.
+
+(Longfellow's _Evangeline_ (1849) has many points of close similitude
+with Campbell's tale of _Gertrude of Wyoming_, 1809).
+
+EVANS (_Sir Hugh_), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of
+extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.--Shakespeare, _The
+Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, "I like not when a
+'ooman has a great peard."--Macaulay.
+
+Henderson says: "I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when
+preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for
+many minutes together without speaking a word" (1750-1790).
+
+_Evans_ (_William_), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir
+Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height,
+and Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst
+his _Worthies_.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+EVAN'THE (3 _syl_.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of
+Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio.
+
+The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt,
+offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time
+the libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer,
+and ultimately Evanthê was restored to her husband.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).
+
+EVE (_1 syl_), or Havah, the "mother of all living" (_Gen_. iii. 20).
+Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she was
+taken out of _ish, i.e._ "man" (_Gen_. ii. 23).
+
+Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she laid her head on one
+hill near Mecca, her knees rested on two other hills in the
+plain, about two gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm
+tree.--Moncony, _Voyage_, i. 372, etc.
+
+EV'ELI'NA (_4 syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss Burney
+(afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778).
+
+EVELYN (_Alfred_), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He
+made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts,
+mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas,
+a dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to
+marry him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense
+fortune and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had
+was given to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn
+made her waver; however, being told that Evelyn's property was
+insecure, she married Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry
+Clara.--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+_Evelyn_ (_Sir George_) a man of fortune, family, and character, in
+love with Dorrillon, whom he marries.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as
+they Were and Maids as they Are_ (1795).
+
+EVERARD (_Colonel Markham_), of the Commonwealth party.
+
+_Master Everard_, the colonel's father.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, commonwealth).
+
+EV'ERETT (_Master_), a hired witness of the "Popish Plot."--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original
+play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of
+the drama apply are: "Captain Bobadil," whose humor is bragging of
+his brave deeds and military courage--he is thrashed as a coward
+by Downright; "Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of his wife--he is
+befooled and cured by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; "Stephen,"
+whose humor is verdant stupidity--he is played on by every one;
+"Kno'well," whose humor is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns
+out to be all moonshine; "Dame Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of her
+husband, but she (like her husband) is cured by a trick devised by
+Brain worm. Every man in his humor is liable to be duped thereby, for
+his humor is the "Achilles' heel" of his character.
+
+EVERY MAN OUT OF HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599).
+
+EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the
+fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady
+Eleanor, because she married against his consent. By the fault of
+gallantry and defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble
+drove Lady Ramble into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, "Shall
+I marry or shall I not!" Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining
+for a wife and domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and
+manliness, Mr. Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of
+marrying without the consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was
+reduced to poverty and even crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord
+Norland received his daughter into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back
+his wife; Solus married Miss Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights
+of the head of the family; and Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the
+son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised from indigence to domestic
+comfort.
+
+EVIOT, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince Robert
+of Scotland).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+EVIR-ALLEN, the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. "A
+thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand.
+The sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was
+Ossian." This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson,
+but she was not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac
+against the invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem
+called _Fingal_, in six books.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iv.
+
+EW'AIN _(Sir)_, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's
+half-sister).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 72
+(1470).
+
+EWAN OF BRIGGLANDS, a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+EWART (_Nanty i.e._ Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir W.
+Scott _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+EXCAL'IBUR, King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been two
+of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which no
+one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above
+200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw
+it with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In
+ch. 7 this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so
+bright "that it gave light like thirty torches." After his fight with
+Pellinore, the king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took
+him to a lake, and Arthur saw an arm "clothed in white samite, that
+held a fair sword in the hand." Presently the Lady of the Lake
+appeared, and Arthur begged that he might have the sword, and the lady
+told him to go and fetch it. When he came to it he took it, "and the
+arm and hand went under the water again." This is the sword generally
+called Excalibur. When about to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to
+cast the sword back again into the lake, and again the hand "clothed
+in white samite" appeared, caught it, and disappeared (ch. 23).--Sir
+T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 23 (1470).
+
+  King Arthur's sword, Excalibur,
+  Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake;
+  Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps,
+  Upon the hidden bases of the hills.
+
+Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_.
+
+_Excalibur's Sheath_. "Sir," said Merlin, "look that ye keep well the
+scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have
+the scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds."--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 36 (1470).
+
+EXECUTIONER (_No_). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor
+of Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the
+Huguenots, he replied, "Sire, there are many under my government
+devoted to your majesty, but not a single executioner."
+
+EXHAUSTED WORLDS ... Dr. Johnson, in the prologue spoken by Garrick at
+the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says of Shakespeare:
+
+  Each change of many-colored life he drew?
+  Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.
+
+EXTERMINATOR (_The_), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in the
+seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an
+intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties
+in the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the
+Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz
+and Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered
+them (1645-1707).
+
+EYE. _Terrible as the eye of Vathek_. One of the eyes of this caliph
+was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look thereon,
+and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated his whole
+dominion.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+EYED _(One-)_ people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed
+people.
+
+The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of
+the forehead.
+
+Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor,
+in his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed
+giants.
+
+EYRE _(Jane)_, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse
+circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in
+whom the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted,
+and not destroyed.--Charlotte Bronté, _Jane Eyre_ (1847).
+
+EZ'ZELIN _(Sir)_, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of
+Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel
+ensues, and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that
+he saw a huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which
+divided the lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of
+knighthood on the breast of the corpse.--Byron, _Lara_ (1814).
+
+FAA _(Gabriel)_, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at
+Liddesdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAB'ILA, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild
+boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but
+the boar overthrew him and gored him to death.--_Chronica Antiqua de
+España_, 121.
+
+FA'BIUS _(The American)_, George Washington (1732-1799).
+
+_Fa'bius (The French)_, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of
+France (1493-1567).
+
+FABRICIUS [_Fa.brish'.e.us_], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and
+Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty
+of the "good old times." Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by
+bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. "Excellent Fabricius," cried
+the Greek, "one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as
+turn Fabricius from the path of duty."
+
+_Fabric'ius_, an author, whose composition was so obscure that
+Gil Blas could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his
+writings. His poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of
+far-fetched expressions and perplexed phrases.
+
+FABRIT'IO, a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the
+woman-hater.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).
+
+FACE (1 _syl._), _alias_ "Jeremy," house-servant of Lovewit. During
+the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist)
+and Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic.
+Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by
+Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he
+called himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the title of "captain,"
+touted for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other
+two in their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of
+Lovewit, the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued
+in his place as house-servant.--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1619).
+
+FACTO'TUM (_Johannes_), one employed to do all sorts of work for
+another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his
+household management or business.
+
+He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own
+conceit.--Greene, _Groat's-worth of Wit_ (1692).
+
+FADDLE _(William)_, a "fellow made up of knavery and noise, with
+scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the
+very devil might have bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles Raymond
+says to him:
+
+"Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee
+needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy
+wit is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if
+thou hast any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with
+thee, laugh at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful
+rewards and painful abuses."--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_, iv. 2
+(1748).
+
+FA'DHA _(Ah)_, Mahomet's silver cuirass.
+
+FAD'LADEEN, the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'bê's harem. He
+criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way to
+Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the
+young king his master.
+
+Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a
+Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and
+literature; from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the
+composition of an epic poem.--T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817).
+
+FADLADIN'IDA, wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is
+alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'odês, and
+at the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, "Well,
+gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both."--H. Cary,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+FAËRY QUEEN, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos each,
+by Edmund Spenser _(incomplete)._
+
+Book I. THE RED CROSS KNIGHT, _the spirit of Christianity_, or the
+victory of holiness over sin (1590).
+
+II. THE LEGEND OF SIB GUYON, _the golden mean_ (1590).
+
+III. THE LEGEND or BRITOMARTIS, _chaste love._ Britomartis is Diana or
+Queen Elizabeth (1590).
+
+IV. CAMBEL AND TRIAMOND, _fidelity_ (1596).
+
+V. THE LEGEND OF SIR AR'TEGAL, _justice_' (1596).
+
+VI. THE LEGEND OF SIR CALIDORE, _courtesy_ (1596).
+
+[Illustration] Sometimes bk. vii., called. _Mutability_, is added; but
+only fragments of this book exist.
+
+FAFNIS, the dragon with which Sigurd fights.--_Sigurd the Horny_ (a
+German romance based on a Norse legend).
+
+FAG, the lying servant of Captain Absolute. He "wears his master's
+wit, as he does his lace, at second hand."--Sheridan, _The Rivals_
+(1775).
+
+FAGGOT _(Nicholas)_, clerk to Matthew Foxley, the magistrate who
+examined Darsie Latimer _(i. e_. Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet) after
+he had been attacked by rioters.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+FAGGOTS AND FAGGOTS _(II y a fagots et fagots)_, all things of the
+same sort are not equal in quality. In Molière's _Le Médecin Malgré
+Lui_, Sganarelle wants to show that his faggots are better than those
+of other persons, and cries out "Ay! but those faggots are not equal
+to mine."
+
+II est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier homme du monde pour
+faire des fagots ...
+
+Je n'y épargne aucune chose, et les fais d'une facon qu'il n'y a rien
+a dire ... Il y a fagots, et fagots.--Act i. 6 (1666).
+
+FAGIN, an old Jew, who employs a gang of thieves, chiefly boys. These
+boys he teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. Fagin assumes a
+most suave and fawning manner, but is malicious, grasping, and full of
+cruelty.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+FAINALL, cousin by marriage to Sir Wilful Witwould. He married a
+young, wealthy, and handsome widow, but the two were cat and dog to
+each other. The great aim of Fainall was to get into his possession
+the estates of his wife (settled on herself "in trust to Edward
+Mirabell"), but in this he failed. In outward semblance, Fainall was
+plausible enough, but he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, false
+to his friends, faithless to his wife, overreaching, and deceitful.
+
+_Mrs. Fainall_. Her first husband was Languish, son of Lady Wishford.
+Her second husband she both despised and detested.--W. Congreve, _The
+Way of the World_ (1700).
+
+FAINASO'LIS, daughter of Craca's king (_the Shetland Isles_). When
+Fingal was quite a young man, she fled to him for protection against
+Sora, but scarcely had he promised to take up her cause, when Sora
+landed, drew the bow, and she fell. Fingal said to Sora, "Unerring
+is thy hand, O Sora, but feeble was the foe." He then attacked the
+invader, and Sora fell.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iii.
+
+FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY, a line in a ballad written to the
+"Berkshire Lady," a Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of Sir William
+Kendrick, second baronet. Sir William's father was created baronet by
+Charles II. The wooer was a Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, to
+whom the lady sent a challenge.
+
+  Having read this strange relation,
+  He was in a consternation;
+  But, advising with a friend,
+  He persuades him to attend:
+  "Be of courage and make ready,
+  Faint heart never won fair lady."
+
+_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245.
+
+_Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady_, name of a _petit comédie_ brought
+out by Mde. Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris herself performed the
+part of the "fair lady."
+
+FAIR PENITENT (_The_) a tragedy by Rowe (1703). Calista was daughter
+of Lord Sciol'to (3 _syl_.), and bride of Lord Al'tamont. It was
+discovered on the wedding-day that she had been seduced by Lotha'rio.
+This led to a duel between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which
+Lothario was killed; a street riot ensued, in which Sciolto receives
+his death-wound; and Calista, "the fair penitent," stabbed herself.
+The drama is a mere _réchauffé_ of Massinger's _Fatal Dowry_.
+
+FAIRBROTHER (_Mr_.), counsel of Effie Deans at the trial.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAIRFAX (_Thomas, lord_), father of the duchess of Buckingham.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Fairfax (Rutherford)._ Young man born of a line of brave men, who
+is conscious that early petting at home and a foreign education have
+developed physical cowardice. On his way home from England he falls
+into the hands of desperadoes who force him to fire a pistol at a
+bound man. The lad is almost fainting, and swoons with pain and horror
+when the deed is, as he thinks, done. His father believes him a
+coward, and the sense of this and a loving woman's trust in him,
+nerve him to deeds of endurance and valor that clear his record
+triumphantly.--Octave Thanet, _Expiation_ (1890).
+
+FAIRFIELD, the miller, and father of Patty "the maid of the mill." An
+honest, straightforward man, grateful and modest.--Bickerstaff, _The
+Maid of the Mill_ (1647).
+
+FAIRFORD (_Mr. Alexander_ or _Saunders_), a lawyer.
+
+_Allan Fairford_, a young barrister, son of Saunders, and a friend of
+Darsie Latimer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sister of Sir Arthur
+Darsie Redgauntlet, called "Darsie Latimer."
+
+_Peter Fairford_, Allan's cousin.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+FAIRLEIGH (_Frank_), the pseudonym of F.E. Smedley, editor of Sharpe's
+_London Magazine_ (1848, 1849). It was in this magazine that Smedley's
+two novels, _Frank Fairleigh_ and _Louis Arundel_ were first
+published.
+
+FAIRLIMB, sister of Bitelas, and daughter of Rukenaw the ape, in the
+beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+FAIR MAID OF PERTH. Heroine of Scott's novel of same name.
+
+FAIR'SCRIEVE (2 _syl_.), clerk of Mr. James Middleburgh, a magistrate
+of Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAIRSERVICE (_Mr._), a magistrate's clerk.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Fairservice (Andrew)_, the humorous Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand
+Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Boy_ (time,
+George I.).
+
+Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its way as the humors of
+Andrew Fairservice.--_London Athenæum_.
+
+FAIRSTAR _(Princess)_, daughter of Queen Blon'dina (who had at one
+birth two boys and a girl, all "with stars on their foreheads, and a
+chain of gold about their necks"). On the same day, Blondina's sister
+Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) had a son, afterwards called
+Cherry. The queen-mother, wishing to destroy these four children,
+ordered Fein'tisa to strangle them, but Feintisa sent them adrift in
+a boat, and told the queen-mother they were gone. It so happened that
+the boat was seen by a corsair, who brought the children to his wife
+Cor'sina to bring up. The corsair soon grew immensely rich, because
+every time the hair of these children was combed, jewels fell from
+their heads. When grown up, these castaways went to the land of their
+royal father and his brother, but Cherry was for a while employed in
+getting for Fairstar (1) _The dancing water_, which had the gift of
+imparting beauty; (2) _The singing apple_, which had the gift of
+imparting wit; and (3) _The green bird_, which could reveal all
+secrets. By this bird the story of their birth was made known, and
+Fairstar married her cousin Cherry.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_
+("Princess Fair-star," 1682).
+
+[Illustration] This tale is borrowed from the fairy tales of
+Straparola, the Milanese (1550).
+
+FAITH _(Brown)_, wife of Goodman Brown. He sees her in his fantasy
+of the witches' revel in the forest, and calls to her to "look up to
+heaven."--Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854).
+
+_Faith_ (_Derrick_). A beautiful, unsophisticated girl, whose
+accomplished tutor instructs her in belles lettres, natural
+philosophy, religion and love. He becomes a clergyman and she marries
+him.--Susan Warner, _Say and Seal_ (1860).
+
+_Faith Gartney_. A city girl whose parents remove to the country
+before she has an opportunity to enter society. She is partially
+betrothed to Paul Rushleigh, but under the influence of nature, and
+association with an older and nobler man, outgrows her early lover,
+and marries Roger Armstrong.--A.D.T. Whitney, _Faith Gartney's
+Girlhood_ (1863).
+
+FAITHFUL, a companion of Christian in his walk to the Celestial City.
+Both were seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being burnt to death,
+was taken to heaven, in a chariot of fire.--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's
+Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+_Faithful_ (_Jacob_), the title and hero of a sea tale, by Captain
+Marryat (1835).
+
+_Faithful_ (_Father of the_), Abraham.--_Rom_. iv.; _Gal_. iii. 6-9.
+
+FAITHFUL SHEPHERDESS _(The)_, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher
+(1610). The "faithful shepherdess" is Clorin, whose lover was dead.
+Faithful to his memory, Clorin retired from the busy world, employing
+her time in works of humanity, such as healing the sick, exorcising
+the bewitched, and comforting the afflicted.
+
+(A part of Milton's _Comus_ is almost a verbal transcript of the
+pastoral.)
+
+FAKAR (_Dhu'l_), Mahomet's scimitar.
+
+FAKENHAM GHOST _(The)._ An old woman, walking to Fakenham, had to
+cross the churchyard after nightfall. She heard a short, quick step
+behind, and looking round saw what she fancied to be a four-footed
+monster. On she ran, faster and faster, and on came the pattering
+footfalls behind. She gained the churchyard gate and pushed it open,
+but, ah! "the monster" also passed through. Every moment she expected
+it would leap upon her back. She reached her cottage door and fainted.
+Out came her husband with a lantern, saw the "sprite," which was no
+other than the foal of a donkey, that had strayed into the park and
+followed the ancient dame to her cottage door.
+
+  And many a laugh went through the vale.
+  And some conviction, too;
+  Each thought some other goblin tale
+  Perhaps was just as true.
+
+R. Bloomfield, _The Fakenham Ghost_ (a fact).
+
+
+FALCON. Wm. Morris tells us that whoso watched a certain falcon for
+seven days and seven nights without sleeping, should have his first
+wish granted by a fay. A certain king accomplished the watching, and
+wished to have the fay's love. His wish was granted, but it proved his
+ruin.--_The Earthly Paradise_ ("July")
+
+FALCONER (Mr.), laird of Balmawhapple, friend of the old baron of
+Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ time, George _Falconer_
+(_Major_), brother of Lady Bothwell.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's
+Mirror_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Falconer_ (_Edmund_), the _nom de plume_ of Edmund O'Rourke, author
+of _Extremes or Men of the day_ (a comedy, 1859).
+
+FALIE'RO (_Marino_), the doge of Venice, an old man who married a
+young wife named Angioli'na (3 _syl_.). At a banquet, Michel Steno, a
+young patrician, grossly insulted some of the ladies, and was, by
+the order of the doge, turned out of the house. In revenge, Steno
+placarded the doge's chair with some scurrilous verses upon the young
+dogaressa, and Faliero referred the matter to "the Forty." The council
+sentenced Steno to two months' imprisonment, and the doge deemed this
+punishment so inadequate to the offence, that he looked upon it as a
+personal insult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, root and branch,
+the whole Venetian nobility. The project being discovered, Faliero was
+put to death (1355), at the age of 76, and his picture removed from
+the gallery of his brother doges.--Byron, _Marino Faliero._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction
+and the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
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+     https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Revised American Edition Of The Reader's Handbook, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, Ll.D..
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and
+the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol 1
+       A Revised American Edition of the Reader's Handbook
+
+Author: The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2004 [EBook #11431]
+[Date last updated: January 22, 2006]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARACTER SKETCHES, VOL. I ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Bradley Norton and PG Distributed
+Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<br>
+<h1>
+<img border="0" src="images/C.jpg" width="191" height="347" align="left" hspace="1" alt="c.jpg"></h1>
+
+<h1>&nbsp;</h1>
+
+<h1>HARACTER SKETCHES OF</h1>
+
+<h1>&nbsp;ROMANCE, FICTION</h1>
+
+<h1>AND THE DRAMA</h1>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK</h1>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D.</h2>
+
+<h3>EDITED BY MARION HARLAND</h3>
+
+<h3>VOLUME I</h3>
+
+<h4>NEW YORK &mdash;  SELMAR HESS &mdash;  PUBLISHER</h4>
+
+<h4> M D C C C X C I I </h4>
+
+<h4>Copyright, 1892, by SELMAR HESS</h4>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>VOLUME I.</p>
+
+<p>PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS.</p>
+
+<p><i>Illustration</i>..................<i>Artist</i></p>
+
+<p>ICHABOD CRANE (<i>colored</i>).......E.A. ABBEY</p>
+
+<p>CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY................TOBY ROSENTHAL</p>
+
+<p>LADY BOUNTIFUL.......................ROB. W. MACBETH</p>
+
+<p>SYDNEY CARTON........................FREDERICK BARNARD</p>
+
+<p>BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA...............<i>From a Photograph from Life</i></p>
+
+<p>ABB&Eacute; CONSTANTIN......................MADELEINE LEMAIRE</p>
+
+<p>CAPTAIN CUTTLE.......................FREDERICK BARNARD</p>
+
+<p>THE TRUSTY ECKART....................JULIUS ADAM</p>
+
+<p>ELAINE...............................TOBY ROSENTHAL</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<p>WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES.</p>
+
+<p>ABELARD..............................A. GUILLEMINOT</p>
+
+<p>&AElig;NEAS RELATING HIS STORY TO DIDO....P. GU&Eacute;RIN</p>
+
+<p>ALBERICH'S PURSUIT OF THE NIBELUNGEN RING...HANS MAKART</p>
+
+<p>ALETHE, PRIESTESS OF ISIS............EDWIN LONG</p>
+
+<p>ALEXIS AND DORA......................W. VON KAULBACH</p>
+
+<p>ALICE, THE MILLER'S DAUGHTER.........DAVIDSON KNOWLES</p>
+
+<p>ANCIENT MARINER (THE)................GUSTAVE DOR&Eacute;</p>
+
+<p>ANDROMEDA............................</p>
+
+<p>ANG&Eacute;LIQUE AND MONSEIGNEUR DE HAUTECOEUR...JEANNIOT</p>
+
+<p>ANGUS AND DONALD.....................W.B. DAVIS</p>
+
+<p>ANTIGONE AND ISMENE..................EMIL TESCHENDORFF</p>
+
+<p>ANTONY AND THE DEAD C&AElig;SAR...........</p>
+
+<p>ARCHIMEDES...........................NIC BARABINO</p>
+
+<p>ARGAN AND DOCTOR DIAFOIRUS...........A. SOLOMON</p>
+
+<p>ASHTON (LUCY) AND RAVENSWOOD.........SIR EVERETT MILLAIS</p>
+
+<p>ATALA (BURIAL OF)....................GUSTAVE COURTOIS</p>
+
+<p>AUGUSTA IN COURT.....................A. FORESTIER</p>
+
+<p>AUTOMEDON............................HENRI REGNAULT</p>
+
+<p>BALAUSTION...........................F.H. LUNGREN</p>
+
+<p>BALDERSTONE (CALEB) AND MYSIE.......GEORGE HAY</p>
+
+<p>BAREFOOT (LITTLE)....................F. VON THELEN-R&Uuml;DEN</p>
+
+<p>BARKIS IS WILLIN'....................C.J. STANILAND</p>
+
+<p>BAUDIN (THE DEATH OF)................J.-P. LAURENS</p>
+
+<p>BAYARD (THE CHEVALIER)...............LARIVI&Egrave;RE</p>
+
+<p>BEDREDEEN HASSAN (MARRIAGE OF) AND NOUREDEEN...F. CORMON</p>
+
+<p>BELLENDEN (LADY) AND MAUSE HEADRIGG..WM. DOUGLAS</p>
+
+<p>BENEDICK AND BEATRICE................HUGHES MERLE</p>
+
+<p>BIRCH (HARVEY), THE PEDDLER-SPY.....</p>
+
+<p>BLANCHELYS (QUEEN) AND THE PILGRIM...J. NOEL PATON</p>
+
+<p>BOABDIL-EL-CHICO'S FAREWELL TO GRENADA...E. CORBOULD</p>
+
+<p>BOADICEA.............................THOS. STOTHARD</p>
+
+<p>BONNICASTLE (ARTHUR) AND MILLIE BRADFORD...</p>
+
+<p>BOTTOM AND TITANIA...................SIR EDWIN LANDSEER</p>
+
+<p>BRABANT (GENEVI&Egrave;VE DE)...............ERNST BOSCH</p>
+
+<p>BR&Auml;SIG, LINING AND MINING............CONRAD BECKMANN</p>
+
+<p>BROOKING'S (JOHN) STUDIO.............A. FORESTIER</p>
+
+<p>C&AElig;SAR (THE DEATH OF).................J.L. G&Eacute;R&Ocirc;ME</p>
+
+<p>CANTERBURY PILGRIMS (THE)............THOS. STOTHARD; WM. BLAKE</p>
+
+<p>CAREW (FRANCIS) FINDING THE BODY OF DERRICK...HAL LUDLOW</p>
+
+<p>CARMEN...............................J. KOPPAY</p>
+
+<p>CATARINA.............................</p>
+
+<p>CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW...P. GROTJOHANN</p>
+
+<p>CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT..........JULES AVIAT</p>
+
+<p>CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON.......W.B. MORRIS</p>
+
+<p>CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD...........J. SANT</p>
+
+<p>CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF)............</p>
+
+<p>CHRISTIAN ENTERING THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION...F.R. PICKERSGILL</p>
+
+<p>CINDERELLA AND THE FAIRY GOD-MOTHER..GUSTAVE DOR&Eacute;</p>
+
+<p>CIRCE AND HER SWINE..................BRITON RIVI&Egrave;RE</p>
+
+<p>CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR...........</p>
+
+<p>CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE..........ADRIEN MARIE</p>
+
+<p>CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA.................HOLMAN HUNT</p>
+
+<p>COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG.................LEO. REIFFENSTEIN</p>
+
+<p>CONSUELO.............................</p>
+
+<p>COSETTE..............................G. GUAY</p>
+
+<p>COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN)...................F. BARNARD</p>
+
+<p>COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING FROM CHURCH...CHAS. R. LESLIE</p>
+
+<p>CYMON AND IPHIGENIA..................SIR FREDERICK LEIGHTON</p>
+
+<p>DAPHNIS AND CHLOE....................G&Eacute;RARD</p>
+
+<p>DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIFE..........C. DENDY SADLER</p>
+
+<p>D'ARTAGNAN...........................</p>
+
+<p>DEANS (EFFIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON...R. HERDMAN</p>
+
+<p>DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL......EMILE BAYARD</p>
+
+<p>DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE.............E. KELLER</p>
+
+<p>DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE)..........</p>
+
+<p>EGMONT AND CL&Auml;RCHEN..................C. HUEBERLIN</p>
+
+<p>ELECTRA..............................E. TESCHENDORFF</p>
+
+<p>ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART............W. VON KAULBACH</p>
+
+<p>ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE...........THEODOR PIXIS</p>
+
+<p>ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE..........J. ADAMS-ACTON</p>
+
+<p>ELLIE (LITTLE).......................</p>
+
+<p>ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS............DOMENICHINO</p>
+
+<p>ESMERALDA............................G. BRION</p>
+
+<p>ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO..........W. VON KAULBACH</p>
+
+<p>EVANGELINE...........................EDWIN DOUGLAS</p>
+
+<p>EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE...........E. WESTALL</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>
+<img border="0" src="images/border.jpg" width="633" height="93" alt="border.jpg"></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/A.jpg" align="left" width="125" height="126" alt="a.jpg"></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<b>A'RON</b>, a Moor, beloved by Tam'ora, queen of the
+Goths, in the tragedy of <i>Titus Andron'icus</i>, published among the plays
+of Shakespeare (1593).</p>
+
+<p>(The classic name is <i>Andronicus</i>, but the character of this play is
+purely fictitious.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Aaron (St.)</i>, a British martyr of the City of Legions (<i>Newport</i>, in
+South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us
+Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two churches
+were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St. Aaron and one
+in honor of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was called Caerleon
+by the British.</p>
+
+... two others ... sealed their doctrine with<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">their blood;</span><br>
+St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">room</span><br>
+At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom.<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv, (1622).<br>
+
+<p><b>Aaz'iz</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes
+called; but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abad'don</b>, an angel of the bottomless pit (<i>Rev</i>. ix. 11). The word
+is derived from the Hebrew, <i>abad</i>, &quot;lost,&quot; and means <i>the lost one</i>.
+There are two other angels introduced by Klopstock in <i>The Messiah</i> with
+similar names, but must not be confounded with the angel referred to in
+<i>Rev</i>.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other Abbad'ona, the
+repentant devil.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'aris</b>, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride
+through the air.&mdash;See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abbad'ona,</b> once the friend of Ab'diel, was drawn into the rebellion
+of Satan half unwillingly. In hell he constantly bewailed his fall, and
+reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He openly declared to the
+internals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the
+death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the
+cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not
+told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon,
+the angel of death, says&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders.
+How long thou art permitted to remain on
+earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be
+allowed to see the resurrection of the Lord of
+glory ... but be not deceived, thou canst not
+view Him with the joy of the redeemed.&quot; &quot;Yet
+let me see Him, let me see him!&quot;&mdash;Klopstock,
+<i>The Messiah</i>, xiii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abberville</b> (<i>Lord</i>), a young nobleman, 23 years of age, who has for
+travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary,
+wholly ignorant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young man
+runs wantonly wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his passions
+almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed by his
+honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his father's
+executor, Mr. Mortimer. This &quot;fashionable lover&quot; promises marriage to a
+vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore, but is saved from
+this pitfall also.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abbot</b> (<i>The</i>), the complacent churchman in Aldrich's poem of <i>The
+Jew's Gift</i>, who hanged a Jew &quot;just for no crime,&quot; and pondered and
+smiled and gave consent to the heretic's burial&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Since he gave his beard to the birds.&quot; (1881.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Abdal-azis,</b> the Moorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of
+king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic
+sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and
+murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick.&mdash;
+Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xxii. (1814).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'dalaz'iz</b> (<i>Omar ben</i>), a caliph raised to &quot;Mahomet's bosom&quot; in
+reward of his great abstinence and self-denial.&mdash;<i>Herbelot</i>, 690.</p>
+
+<p>He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think with the caliph Omar ben
+Abdalaziz that it was necessary to make a hell of this world to enjoy
+paradise in the next.&mdash;W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1786).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abdal'dar,</b> one of the magicians in the Domdaniel caverns, &quot;under
+the roots of the ocean.&quot; These spirits were destined to be destroyed by
+one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 <i>syl</i>.), so they persecuted the race
+even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was
+appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. He discovered the
+stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him
+to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him, and
+he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the
+magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits.
+&mdash;Southey, <i>Thalaba the Destroyer</i>, ii. iii. (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abdalla</b>, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Abdal'lah</i>, brother and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 <i>syl</i>.), pacha of
+Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha.&mdash;Byron, <i>Bride of Abydos</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abdallah el Hadgi</b>, Saladin's envoy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i>
+(time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abdals</b> or <i>Santons</i>, a class of religionists who pretend to be
+inspired with the most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded with
+great veneration by the vulgar.&mdash;<i>Olearius</i>, i. 971.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'diel</b>, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged
+those under him to revolt.</p>
+
+... the seraph Abdiel, faithful found;<br>
+Among the faithless faithful only he;<br>
+Among innumerable false, unmoved.<br>
+Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,<br>
+His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, v. 896, etc. (1665).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Abelard</b> and <b>Eloise</b>, unhappy lovers, whose illicit love was
+succeeded by years of penitence and remorse. Abelard was the tutor of
+Heloise (or Eloise), and, although vowed to the church, won and returned
+her passion. They were violently separated by her uncle. Abelard entered
+a monastery and Eloise became a nun. Their love survived the passage of
+years, and they were buried together at <i>P&egrave;re la Chaise.&mdash;Eloise and
+Abelard</i>. By Alexander Pope (1688-1744).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abensberg</b> (<i>Count</i>), the father of thirty-two children. When
+Heinrich II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers
+presented their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two
+children, &quot;as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and
+country.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Abes'sa</b>, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's
+<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, i. 3. She is the paramour of Kirkrapine, who used to rob
+churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of
+Corceca (<i>Blindness of Heart</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abigail</b>, typical name of a maid.&mdash;See Beaumont and Fletcher, Swift,
+Fielding, and many modern writers.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abney</b>, called <i>Young Abney</i>, the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a
+royalist.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abon Hassan</b>, a young merchant of Bag dad, and hero of the tale
+called &quot;The Sleeper Awakened,&quot; in the <i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>.
+While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything they
+can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes the
+caliph's chief favorite.</p>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, in the induction of <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>, befouls
+&quot;Christopher Sly&quot; in a similar way, but Sly thinks it was &quot;nothing but a
+dream.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Philippe <i>le Bon</i>, duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora,
+tried the same trick.&mdash;Burton, <i>Anatomy of Melancholy</i>, ii. 2,4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abou Ben Adhem</b>, &quot;awakening one night from a deep dream of peace,&quot;
+sees an angel writing the names of those who love the Lord. Ben Adhem's
+name is registered as &quot;one who loves his fellow-men.&quot; A second vision
+shows his name at the head of the list.</p>
+
+<p><i>Abou Ben Adhem</i>. By Leigh Hunt (1784-1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abra</b>, the most beloved of Solomon's
+concubines.<br>
+Fruits their odor lost and meats their taste,<br>
+If gentle Abra had not decked the feast;<br>
+Dishonored did the sparkling goblet stand,<br>
+Unless received from gentle Abra's hand; ...<br>
+Nor could my soul approve the music's tone<br>
+Till all was hushed, and Abra sang alone.<br>
+M. Prior, <i>Solomon</i> (1664-1721).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'radas</b>, the great Macedonian pirate.</p>
+
+<p>Abradas, the great Macedonian pirate, thought every one had a letter of
+mart that bare sayles in the ocean.&mdash;Greene, <i>Penelope's Web</i> (1601).</p>
+
+<p><b>Abroc'omas</b>, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of
+<i>Ephesi'aca</i>, by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'salom</b>, in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for the
+duke of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. <i>(David)</i>. Like Absalom,
+the duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was beloved and rebellious; and
+like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ab'solon,</b> a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>.
+His hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hose red. He could let
+blood, cut hair, and shave, could dance, and play either on the ribible
+or the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison,
+the young wife of John, a rich but aged carpenter: but Alison herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house.&mdash;<i>The
+Miller's Tale</i> (1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Absolute</b> <i>(Sir Anthony)</i>, a testy but warm-hearted old gentleman,
+who imagines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and when he
+quarrels with his son, the captain, fancies it is the son who is out of
+temper, and not himself. Smollett's &quot;Matthew Bramble&quot; evidently
+suggested this character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor
+of this part.</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain Absolute</i>, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish, the
+heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Beverley. Bob Acres, his
+neighbor, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the unknown ensign; but
+when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute, he declines to
+fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's hand.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The
+Rivals</i> (1775).</p>
+
+<p><b>Absyrtus</b>, brother of Medea and companion of her flight from
+Colchis. To elude or delay her pursuers, she cut him into pieces and
+strewed the fragments in the road, that her father might be detained by
+gathering up the remains of his son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Abu'dah</i>, in the drama called <i>The Siege of Damascus</i>, by John Hughes
+(1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down
+before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war; and
+when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he makes
+peace with the Syrians on honorable terms.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abu'dah</b>, in the <i>Tales of the Genii</i>, by H. Ridley, is a wealthy
+merchant of Bag dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes,
+which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every
+night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman
+which is to free him of this hag [<i>conscience</i>] is to &quot;fear God and keep
+his commandments.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Acade'mus</b>, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for
+the place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the &quot;Academic
+sect.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, i
+(1721-1770).</p>
+
+<p><b>Acas'to</b> (<i>Lord</i>), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore; and
+guardian of Monimia &quot;the orphan.&quot; He lived to see the death of his sons
+and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's sword, Castalio stabbed
+himself, and Monimia took poison.&mdash;Otway, <i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aces'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). In a trial of skill,
+Acestes, the Sicilian, discharged his arrow
+with such force that it took fire from the
+friction of the air.&mdash;<i>The &AElig;neid</i>, Bk. V.</p>
+
+Like Acestes' shaft of old,<br>
+The swift thought kindles as it flies.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>To a Child</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Achates</b> [<i>A-ka'-teze</i>], called by Virgil
+&quot;fidus Achates.&quot; The name has become a
+synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but
+is generally used laughingly.&mdash;<i>The &AElig;neid</i>.</p>
+
+He, like Achates, faithful to the tomb.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 159.</p>
+
+<p><b>Acher'ia,</b> the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of: milk.
+Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the
+milk; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says the
+fox, &quot;Here is the bowl; one shall have the cream, and the other all the
+rest: choose, friend, which you like.&quot; The bear told the fox to take the
+cream, and thus bruin had only the mud.&mdash;<i>A Basque Tale</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A similar tale occurs in Campbell's <i>Popular Tales of the West
+Highlands</i> (iii. 98), called &quot;The Keg of Butter.&quot; The wolf chooses the
+<i>bottom</i> when &quot;oats&quot; were the object of choice, and the <i>top</i> when
+&quot;potatoes&quot; were the sowing.</p>
+
+<p>Rabelais tells the same tale about a farmer and the devil. Each was to
+have on alternate years what grew <i>under</i> and <i>over</i> the soil. The
+farmer sowed turnips and carrots when the <i>under</i>-soil produce came to
+his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the <i>over</i>-soil produce.</p>
+
+<p><b>Achille Grandissime,</b> &quot;A rather poor specimen of the Grandissime
+type, deficient in stature, but not in stage manner.&quot;&mdash;<i>The
+Grandissimes</i>, by George W. Cable (1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Achil'les</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the hero of the allied Greek army in the
+siege of Troy, and king of the Myr'midons.&mdash;See <i>Dictionary of Phrase
+and Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The English Achilles</i>, John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury
+(1373-1453).</p>
+
+<p>The duke of Wellington is so called sometimes, and is represented by a
+statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to
+Apsley House (1769-1852).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Achilles of Germany</i>, Albert, elector of Brandenburg (1414-1486).</p>
+
+<p><i>Achilles of Rome</i>, Sicin'ius Denta'tus (put to death B.C. 450).</p>
+
+<p><b>Achit'ophel,</b> &quot;Him who drew Achitophel,&quot; Dryden, author of the
+famous political satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>. &quot;David&quot; is Charles
+II.; his rebellious son &quot;Absalom&quot; is the king's natural son, the
+handsome but rebellious James duke of Monmouth; and &quot;Achitophel,&quot; the
+traitorous counsellor, is the earl of Shaftesbury, &quot;for close designs
+and crooked counsels fit.&quot;</p>
+
+Can sneer at him who drew Achitophel.<br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 100.</span><br>
+
+<p>There is a portrait of the first earl of Shaftesbury (Dryden's
+&quot;Achitophel&quot;) as lord chancellor of England, clad in ash-colored robes,
+because he had never been called to the bar.&mdash;E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>,
+xviii.</p>
+
+<p><b>A'cis</b>, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the
+nymph Galate'a. The monster Polypheme
+(3 <i>syl</i>.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and
+crushed him under a huge rock. The
+blood of Acis was changed into a river
+of the same name at the foot of mount
+Etna.</p>
+
+<p>Not such a pipe, good reader, as that which
+Acis did sweetly tune in praise of his Galatea,
+but one of true Delft manufacture.&mdash;W. Irving
+(1783-1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ack'land</b> (<i>Sir Thomas</i>), a royalist.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ac'oe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), &quot;hearing,&quot; in the New Testament sense (<i>Rom</i>. x.
+17), &quot;Faith cometh by hearing.&quot; The nurse of Fido [<i>faith</i>]. Her
+daughter is Meditation. (Greek,, &quot;hearing.&quot;)</p>
+
+With him [<i>Faith</i>] his nurse went, careful Aco&euml;,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whose hands first from his mother's womb</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">did take him,</span><br>
+And ever since have fostered tenderly.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, ix. (1633).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Acras'ia</b>, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an
+enchantress living in the &quot;Bower of Bliss,&quot; in &quot;Wandering Island.&quot; She
+had the power of transforming her lovers into monstrous shapes; but sir
+Guyon (<i>temperance</i>), having caught her in a net and bound her, broke
+down her bower and burnt it to ashes.&mdash;<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 12 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Acra'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Incontinence personified in <i>The Purple
+Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz.,
+Methos (<i>drunkenness</i>) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii.
+(Greek, <i>akrates</i>, &quot;incontinent.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><i>Acra'tes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Incontinence personified in <i>The Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, by
+Spenser. He is the father of Cymoch'l&ecirc;s and Pyroch'l&ecirc;s.&mdash;Bk. ii. 4
+(1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Acres</b> (<i>Bob</i>), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley,
+<i>alias</i> captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish, the
+heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gets himself up as a loud
+swell, and uses &quot;sentimental oaths,&quot; <i>i.e</i>. oaths bearing on the
+subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, <i>ods triggers and flints</i>;
+if clothes, <i>ods frogs and tambours</i>; if music, <i>ods minnums</i> [minims]
+<i>and crotchets</i>; if ladies, <i>ods blushes and blooms</i>. This he learnt
+from a militia officer, who told him the ancients swore by Jove,
+Bacchus, Mars, Venus, Minerva, etc., according to the sentiment. Bob
+Acres is a great blusterer, and talks big of his daring, but when put to
+the push &quot;his courage always oozed out of his fingers' ends.&quot; J. Quick
+was the original Bob Acres.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The Rivals</i> (1775).</p>
+
+As thro' his palms <i>Bob Acres</i>' valor oozed,<br>
+So Juan's virtue ebbed, I know not how.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Jefferson's impersonation of Bob Acres is inimitable for fidelity
+to the spirit of the original, and informed throughout with exquisite
+humor that never degenerates into coarseness.</p>
+
+<p><b>Acris'ius</b>, father of Dan'a&ecirc;. An oracle declared that Dana&ecirc; would
+give birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisius kept his daughter
+shut up in an apartment under ground, or (as some say) in a brazen
+tower. Here she became the mother of Per'seus (2 <i>syl</i>.), by Jupiter in
+the form of a shower of gold. The king of Argos now ordered his daughter
+and her infant to be put into a chest, and cast adrift on the sea, but
+they were rescued by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood, Perseus
+accidentally struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, and the blow
+caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in <i>The Earthly
+Paradise</i> (April).</p>
+
+<p><b>Actae'on</b>, a hunter, changed by Diana into a stag. A synonym for a
+cuckold.</p>
+
+Divulge Page himself for a secure and wilful<br>
+Act&aelig;on [cuckold].<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives</i>, etc., act iii. sc. 2
+(1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Acte'a,</b> a female slave faithful to Nero
+in his fall. It was this het&aelig;ra who wrapped
+the dead body in cerements, and saw it decently
+interred.</p>
+
+This Actea was beautiful. She was seated on<br>
+the ground; the head of Nero was on her lap,<br>
+his naked body was stretched on those winding-sheets<br>
+in which she was about to fold him, to lay<br>
+him in his grave upon the garden hill.&mdash;Ouida,<br>
+<i>Ariadn&ecirc;</i>, i. 7.<br>
+
+<p><b>Actors and Actresses.</b> The last male
+actor that took a woman's character on the
+stage was Edward Kynaston, noted for his
+beauty (1619-1687). The first female actor
+for hire was Mrs. Saunderson, afterwards
+Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad, Ad'ites</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Ad is a tribe descended from Ad, son of Uz,
+son of Irem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Confusion of
+Babel, went and settled on Al-Ahk&acirc;f [<i>the Winding Sands</i>], in the
+province of Hadramant. Shed&acirc;d was their first king, but in consequence
+of his pride, both he and all the tribe perished, either from drought or
+the Sarsar (<i>an icy wind</i>).&mdash;Sale's <i>Koran</i>, 1.</p>
+
+Woe, woe, to Irem! Woe to Ad!<br>
+Death, has gone up into her palaces!....<br>
+They fell around me. Thousands fell around.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king and all his people fell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All, all, they perished all.</span><br>
+<br>
+Southey, <i>Thalaba the Destroyer</i>, i. 41, 45 (1797).<br>
+
+<p><b>A'dah</b>, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer
+through the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and
+child, where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and
+fervent in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal
+affection. She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain&mdash;</p>
+
+How lovely he appears! His little cheeks<br>
+In their pure incarnation, vying with<br>
+The rose leaves strewn beneath them.<br>
+And his lips, too,<br>
+How beautifully parted! No; you shall not<br>
+Kiss him; at least not now. He will awake soon&mdash;<br>
+His hour of midday rest is nearly over.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Cain</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Adam.</b> In <i>Greek</i> this word is compounded of the four initial
+letters of the cardinal quarters:</p>
+
+Arktos, [Greek: <i>arktos</i>]. north.<br>
+Dusis, [Greek: <i>dusis</i>]. west.<br>
+Anatol&ecirc;, [Greek: <i>anatolae</i>]. east.<br>
+Mesembria, [Greek: <i>mesaembria</i>]. south.<br>
+
+<p>The <i>Hebrew</i> word ADM forms the anagram of <b>A</b> [dam], <b>D</b> [avid],
+<b>M</b> [essiah].</p>
+
+<p><i>Adam, how made</i>. God created the body of Adam of <i>Salzal</i>, <i>i.e.</i> dry,
+unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soul. The clay was
+collected by Azrael from the four quarters of the earth, and God, to
+show His approval of Azrael's choice, constituted him the angel of
+death.&mdash;Rabadan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Adam, Eve, and the Serpent</i>. After the fall <i>Adam</i> was placed on mount
+Vassem in the east; <i>Eve</i> was banished to Djidda (now Gedda, on the
+Arabian coast); and the <i>Serpent</i> was exiled to the coast of Eblehh.</p>
+
+<p>After the lapse of 100 years Adam rejoined Eve on mount Arafaith [<i>place
+of Remembrance</i>], near Mecca.&mdash;D'Ohsson.</p>
+
+<p><i>Death of Adam</i>. Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930 years.
+Michael swathed his body, and Gabriel discharged the funeral rites. The
+body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz [<i>the grotto of treasure</i>], which
+overlooks Mecca.</p>
+
+<p>His descendants at death amounted to 40,000 souls.&mdash;D'Ohsson.</p>
+
+<p>When Noah, entered the ark (the same writer says) he took the body of
+Adam in a coffin with him, and when he left the ark restored it to the
+place he had taken it from.</p>
+
+<p><i>Adam</i>, a bailiff, a jailer.</p>
+
+<p>Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the
+prison.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i>, act iv. sc. 3 (1593).</p>
+
+<p><i>Adam</i>, a faithful retainer in the family of sir Eowland de Boys. At the
+age of fourscore, he voluntarily accompanied his young master Orlando
+into exile, and offered to give him his little savings. He has given
+birth to the phrase, &quot;A Faithful Adam&quot; [<i>or man-servant</i>].&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>As You Like It</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adam Bell</b>, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like
+those of Clym of the Clough, William of Cloudesly, Robin Hood, and
+Little John, is synonymous with a good archer.</p>
+
+<p><b>Adamastor</b>, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly
+pallor; &quot;erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black, his
+teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by
+lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared.&quot; The sailors
+trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to
+trespass &quot;where never hero braved his rage before?&quot; He then told them
+&quot;that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their
+foolhardiness.&quot;&mdash;Cam&ouml;ens, <i>The Lusiad</i>, v. (1569).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adam'ida,</b> a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints,
+martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered at the
+crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the earth, so
+as to produce a total eclipse.</p>
+
+<p>Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming
+storms, rushing clouds, falling mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel
+stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contemplation on
+Golgotha, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region of
+the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and advancing before the sun,
+covered its face and intercepted all its rays.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The
+Messiah</i>, viii. (1771).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adams</b> <i>(John)</i>, one of the mutineers of the <i>Bounty</i> (1790), who
+settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a
+colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to
+morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the protection
+of the British Government.</p>
+
+<p><i>Adams (Parson)</i>, the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but
+eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving integrity, solid learning,
+and genuine piety; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as a
+girl in all personal matters; wholly ignorant of the world, being
+&quot;<i>in</i> it but not <i>of</i> of it.&quot;&mdash;Fielding, <i>Joseph Andrews</i> (1742).</p>
+
+<p>His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind are so
+admirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of
+athletic ... exercise ... that he may be safely termed one of the
+richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like Don Quixote, parson
+Adams is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel lights
+upon his shoulders ... without the slightest stain to his
+reputation.&mdash;Sir W. Scott.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'dison of the North,</b> Henry Mackenzie, author of <i>The Man of
+Feeling</i> (1745-1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adelaide,</b> daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore.
+She is killed by her father in mistake for another.&mdash;Robt. Jephson,
+<i>Count of Narbonne</i> (1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adelaide Fisher,</b> daughter-in-law of Grandpa and Grandma Fisher in
+Sallie Pratt McLean Greene's <i>Cape Cod Folks</i>. She has a sweet voice and
+an edged temper, and it would seem from certain cynical remarks of her
+own, and Grandma's &quot;Thar, daughter, I wouldn't mind!&quot; has a history she
+does not care to reveal (1881).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adelaide Yates,</b> the wife of Steve Yates and mother of Little Moses
+in Charles Egbert Craddock's <i>In the &quot;Stranger People's&quot; Country</i>. Her
+husband has been seized and detained by the &quot;moonshiners&quot; in the
+mountains, and the impression is that he has wilfully deserted her. She
+cannot discredit it, but &quot;She's goin' ter stay thar in her cabin an'
+wait fur him,&quot; said Mrs. Pettengill. &quot;Sorter seems de-stressin', I do
+declar'. A purty, young, good, r'ligious 'oman a-settin' herself ter
+spen' a empty life a-waitin' fur Steve Yates ter kum back!&quot; (1890.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Adeline</b> <i>(Lady)</i>, the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 <i>syl</i>.), a
+highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses
+of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair
+filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of
+Fitz-Fulke, the duke of D----, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, &quot;the Russian
+envoy.&quot; The tale not being finished, no key to these names is given.
+(For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.)&mdash;Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xiii.
+to the end.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'emar</b> or <b>Adema'ro,</b> archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical
+warrior in Tasso's <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>.&mdash;See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Adic'ia,</b> wife of the soldan, who incites him to distress the
+kingdom of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to
+negotiate peace, Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her
+Samient out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir
+Artegal comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of
+them from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the
+discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab
+Samient, but, being intercepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a
+tigress.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, v. 8 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The &quot;soldan&quot; is king Philip II. of Spain; &quot;Mercilla&quot; is
+queen Elizabeth; &quot;Adicia&quot; is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of
+popery; and &quot;Samient&quot; the ambassadors of Holland, who went to Philip for
+redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him as
+prisoners.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'icus,</b> Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of <i>The Purple
+Island</i> (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters,
+viz., Ec'thros <i>(hatred)</i>, Eris <i>(variance)</i>, a daughter, Zelos
+<i>(emulation)</i>, Thumos <i>(wrath)</i>, Erith'ius <i>(strife)</i>, Dichos'tasis
+<i>(sedition)</i>, Envy, and Phon'os <i>(murder)</i>; all fully described by the
+poet. (Greek, <i>adikos</i>, &quot;an unjust man.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Adie of Aikenshaw</b>, a neighbor of the Glendinnings.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adme'tus,</b> a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being
+condemned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a
+Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell has a poem on
+the subject, called <i>The Shepherd of King Admetus</i> (1819-1891).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'mirable</b> <i>(The)</i>: (1) Aben-Ezra, a Spanish rabbin, born at
+Tole'do (1119-1174). (2) James Crichton <i>(Kry-ton)</i>, the Scotchman
+(1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called &quot;The Admirable Doctor&quot; (1214-1292).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adolf</b>, bishop of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 1112.
+(See HATTO.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'ona,</b> a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the &quot;first martyr of
+the twelve.&quot;&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adonai</b>, the mysterious spirit of pure mind, love, and beauty that
+inspires <i>Zanoni</i>, in Bulwer's novel of that name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Adonais</b>, title of Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy upon John Keats,
+written in 1821.</p>
+
+<p><b>A'donbec el Hakim</b>, the physician, a disguise assumed by Saladin,
+who visits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ado'nis</b>, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who
+quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the dispute,
+decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in the upper
+world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored to death by
+a wild boar in a hunt.</p>
+
+<p>Shakespeare has a poem called <i>Venus and Adonis</i>. Shelley calls his
+elegy on the poet Keats <i>Adona'is</i>, under the idea that the untimely
+death of Keats resembled that of Adonis.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Adonis</i> is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the
+horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, and so is
+Osiris).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adoniram Penn</b>, the obstinate and well-to-do farmer in Mary E.
+Wilkins's <i>Revolt of &quot;Mother</i>&quot;. He persists in building a new barn which
+the cattle do not need instead of the much-needed dwelling for his
+family. In his absence, &quot;Mother,&quot; who was wont to &quot;stand before her
+husband in the humble fashion of a Scripture woman,&quot; moves household and
+furniture into the commodious barn.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Adoniram was like a fortress whose walls had no active resistance, and
+went down the instant the right besieging tools were used&quot; (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'oram,</b> a seraph, who had charge of James the son of
+Alphe'us.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adosinda</b>, daughter of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The
+Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved her
+alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent
+without the least resistance, but implored the captain to give her one
+night to mourn the death of those so near and dear to her. To this he
+complied, but during sleep she murdered him with his own scymitar.
+Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of her
+house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance. In the
+great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who gave the
+word of attack, &quot;Victory and Vengeance!&quot;&mdash;Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>,
+iii. (1814).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adram'elech</b> <i>(ch=k)</i>, one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him
+overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi. 365). According
+to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser
+introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means &quot;the mighty
+magnificent king.&quot;]</p>
+
+<p>The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech.&mdash;2
+<i>Kings</i> xvii. 31.</p>
+
+<p>Klopstock introduces him into <i>The Messiah</i>, and represents him as
+surpassing Satan in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is made
+to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and whom he
+hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude he might
+become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the crucifixion he
+and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the angel of death.</p>
+
+<p><b>Adraste'</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), a French gentleman, who inveigles a Greek
+slave named Isidore from don P&egrave;dre. His plan is this: He gets introduced
+as a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love, and obtains
+her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Za&iuml;de (<i>2 syl</i>.)
+to don P&egrave;dre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and P&egrave;dre promises
+to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands that Za&iuml;de
+be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. P&egrave;dre intercedes;
+Adraste seems to relent; and P&egrave;dre calls for Za&iuml;de. Out comes Isidore
+instead, with Za&iuml;de's veil. &quot;There,&quot; says P&egrave;dre, &quot;take her and use her
+well.&quot; &quot;I will do so,&quot; says the Frenchman, and leads off the Greek
+slave.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Sicilien, ou L'Amour Peintre</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adrian'a,</b> a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus,
+twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess Aemilia is her
+mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her
+husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it is
+not from want of remonstrance, &quot;for it is the one subject of our
+conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speaking of it; at
+table I will not let him eat for speaking of it; when alone with him I
+talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of it. In
+a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love another
+better than he loves his wife&quot; (act v. sc. 1).&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of
+Errors</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p><b>Adria'no de Arma'do</b> <i>(Don)</i>, a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a
+military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 <i>syl</i>.) was in
+war. Boastful but poor; a coiner of words, but very ignorant; solemnly
+grave, but ridiculously awkward; majestical in gait, but of very low
+propensities.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour Lost</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p>(Said to be designed for John Florio, surnamed &quot;The Resolute,&quot; a
+philologist. Holofernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play, is
+also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.)</p>
+
+You may remember, scarce five years are past<br>
+Since in your brigantine you sailed to see<br>
+The Adriatic wedded to our duke.<br>
+
+<p>T. Otway, <i>Venice Preserved</i>, i. 1 (1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ad'riel,</b> in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, the earl of
+Mulgrave, a royalist.</p>
+
+Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend;<br>
+Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate<br>
+True to his prince, but not a slave to state;<br>
+Whom David's love with honours did adorn,<br>
+That from his disobedient son were torn.<br>
+
+<p>Part i.</p>
+
+<p>(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649-1721) wrote an <i>Essay on
+Poetry</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Adrienne Lecouvreur</b>, French actress, said to have been poisoned by
+flowers sent to her by a rival. Died in 1730.</p>
+
+<p><b>AE'acus,</b> king of Oeno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that
+he was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were
+Minos and Rhadaman'thus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aege'on</b> a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his
+brothers, Cottus and Gyg&ecirc;s, conquered the Titans by hurling at them 300
+rocks at once. Homer says <i>men</i> call him &quot;Aege'on,&quot; but by the <i>gods</i> he
+is called Bri'areus (3 <i>syl</i>.).</p>
+
+Bri&aacute;reos or Typhon, whom the den<br>
+By ancient Tarsus held.<br>
+
+<p>&mdash;Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, I. 199.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aege'on</i>, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's <i>Comedy of Errors</i>
+(1593).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aemylia</b>, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'yas, a squire of
+inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting-place, she was
+caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future food.
+Belphoeb&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.) slew &quot;the caitiff&quot; and released the maid (canto
+vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amyas from the
+durance of Paea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the lovers
+together &quot;in peace and joyous blis&quot; (canto ix.).&mdash;Spencer, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aemil'ia,</b> wife of Aege'on the Syracusian merchant, and mother of
+the twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was
+parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and
+rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also
+settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest
+citizens. The other son and her husband &AElig;geon both set foot in Ephesus
+the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together
+in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they
+became again united to each other.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i>
+(1593).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aene'as,</b> a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called
+<i>Aeneid.</i> He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was
+Creu'sa (3 <i>syl</i>.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius; his second
+wife was Lavinia, daughter of Latinus king of Italy, by whom he had a
+posthumous son called Aene'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law in
+the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder.</p>
+
+<p>According to Geoffrey of Monmouth &quot;Brutus,&quot; the first king of Britain
+(from whom the island was called <i>Britain</i>), was a descendant of &AElig;neas.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aene'id</b>, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was
+taken by the Greeks and set on fire, Aene'as, with his father, son, and
+wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original
+birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died on
+the way; but after numerous perils by sea and land, &AElig;neas and his son
+Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Lat&iuml;nus, the reigning king, received the
+exiles hospitably, and promised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage to
+&AElig;neas; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince
+Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Turnus would not forego his
+claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle the dispute
+by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, &AElig;neas married Lavinia, and
+ere long succeeded his father-in-law on the throne.</p>
+
+<p>Book I. The escape from Troy; &AElig;neas and his son, driven by a tempest on
+the shores of Carthage, are hospitably entertained by queen Dido.</p>
+
+<p>II. &AElig;neas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of Troy,
+and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost and
+died.</p>
+
+<p>III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and the
+death of his father.</p>
+
+<p>IV. Dido falls in love with &AElig;neas; but he steals away from Carthage,
+and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life.</p>
+
+<p>V. &AElig;neas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of
+Anchises. This book corresponds to the <i>Iliad</i>, xxiii.</p>
+
+<p>VI. &AElig;neas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to
+<i>Odyssey</i>, xi.</p>
+
+<p>VII. Latinus king of Italy entertains &AElig;neas, and promises to him
+Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Turnus had been already
+betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist &AElig;neas.</p>
+
+<p>VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war.</p>
+
+<p>IX. Turnus, during the absence of &AElig;neas, fires the ships and assaults
+the camp. The episode of Nisus and Eury'alus.</p>
+
+<p>X. The war between Turnus and &AElig;neas. Episode of Mezentius and Lausus.</p>
+
+<p>XI. The battle continued.</p>
+
+<p>XII. Turnus challenges &AElig;neas to single combat, and is killed.</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;1. The story of Sinon and taking of Troy is borrowed from
+Pisander, as Macrobius informs us.</p>
+
+<p>2. The loves of Dido and &AElig;neas are copied from those of Medea and
+Jason, in Apollonius.</p>
+
+<p>3. The story of the wooden horse and the burning of Troy are from
+Arcti'nus of Miletus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ae'olus,</b> god of the winds, which he keeps imprisoned in a cave in
+the &AElig;olian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods
+command.</p>
+
+Was I for this nigh wrecked upon the sea,<br>
+And twice by awkward wind from England's bank<br>
+Drove back again unto my native clime?...<br>
+Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer,<br>
+But left that hateful office unto thee.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act v, sc. 2 (1591).<br>
+
+<p><b>Aescula'pius,</b> in Greek, <b>Askle'pios,</b> the god of healing.</p>
+
+What says my &AElig;sculapius? my Galen?...<br>
+Ha! is he dead?<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, act ii.<br>
+sc. 3 (1601).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ae'son,</b> the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who
+infused into his veins the juice of certain herbs.</p>
+
+In such a night,<br>
+Medea gather'd the enchanted herbs<br>
+That did renew old Aeson.<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>Merchant of Venice</i>, act v. sc. I<br>
+(before 1598).<br>
+
+<p><b>&AElig;sop,</b> the fabulist, said to be humpbacked; hence, &quot;an &AElig;sop&quot; means
+a humpbacked man. The young son of Henry VI. calls his uncle Richard of
+Gloster &quot;&AElig;sop.&quot;&mdash;3 <i>Henry VI</i>. act v. sc. 5.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesop of Arabia</i>, Lokman; and Nasser (fifth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesop of England</i>, John Gay (1688-1732).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesop of France</i>, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesop of Germany</i>, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aesop of India</i>, Bidpay or Pilpay (third century B.C.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Afer</b>, the south-west wind; Notus, the full south.</p>
+
+<p>Notus and Afer, black with thundrous clouds. Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x.
+702 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>African Magician</b> (<i>The</i>), pretended to Aladdin to be his uncle, and
+sent the lad to fetch the &quot;wonderful lamp&quot; from an underground cavern.
+As Aladdin refused to hand it to the magician, he shut him in the cavern
+and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of a magic
+ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely rich, built
+a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter. Several years after,
+the African resolved to make himself master of the lamp, and accordingly
+walked up and down before the palace, crying incessantly, &quot;Who will
+change old lamps for new!&quot; Aladdin being on a hunting excursion, his
+wife sent a eunuch to exchange the &quot;wonderful lamp&quot; for a new one; and
+forthwith the magician commanded &quot;the slaves of the lamp&quot; to transport
+the palace and all it contained into Africa. Aladdin caused him to be
+poisoned in a draught of wine.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Aladdin or The
+Wonderful Lamp&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Af'rit or Afreet</b>, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and
+cruel of all the orders of the deevs.&mdash;<i>Herbelot</i>, 66.</p>
+
+From the hundred chimneys of the village,<br>
+Like the Afreet in the Arabian story [<i>Introduct.<br>
+Tale</i>],<br>
+<br>
+Smoky columns tower aloft into the air of amber.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Milestone</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agag</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and
+Achit'ophel</i>, is sir Edmondbury Godfrey,
+the magistrate, who was found murdered
+in a ditch near Primrose Hill. Dr. Oates,
+in the same satire, is called &quot;Corah.&quot;</p>
+
+Corah might for Agag's murder call,<br>
+In terms as coarse as Samuel used to Saul.<br>
+
+<p>Part i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agamemnon</b>, king of the Argives and commander-in-chief of the allied
+Greeks in the siege of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his <i>Troilus
+and Cres'sida</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Vixere fortes ante Agamem'nona</i>, &quot;There were brave men before
+Agamemnon;&quot; we are not to suppose that there were no great and good men
+in former times. A similar proverb is, &quot;There are hills beyond Pentland
+and fields beyond Forth.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Agandecca</b>, daughter of Starno king of Lochlin [<i>Scandinavia</i>],
+promised in marriage to Fingal king of Morven [<i>north-west of
+Scotland</i>]. The maid told Fingal to beware of her father, who had set an
+ambush to kill him. Fingal, being thus forewarned, slew the men in
+ambush; and Starno, in rage, murdered his daughter, who was buried by
+Fingal in Ardven [<i>Argyll</i>].</p>
+
+The daughter of the snow overheard, and left<br>
+the hall of her secret sigh. She came in all her<br>
+beauty, like the moon from the cloud of the east.<br>
+Loveliness was around her as light. Her step<br>
+was like the music of songs. She saw the youth,<br>
+and loved him. He was the stolen sigh of her<br>
+soul. Her blue eyes rolled in secret on him, and<br>
+she blessed the chief of Morven.&mdash;<i>Ossian</i> (&quot;Fingal,&quot;<br>
+iii.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Aganip'pe</b> (4 syl.), fountain of the
+Muses, at the foot of mount Helicon, in
+Boeo'tia.</p>
+
+From Helicon's harmonious springs<br>
+A thousand rills their mazy progress take.<br>
+
+<p>Gray, <i>Progress of Poetry</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ag'ape</b> (3 syl.) the fay. She had three sons at a birth, Primond,
+Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the future lot of her sons,
+she went to the abyss of Demogorgon, to consult the &quot;Three Fatal
+Sisters.&quot; Clotho showed her the threads, which &quot;were thin as those spun
+by a spider.&quot; She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threads, but
+they said this could not be; they consented, however, to this
+agreement&mdash;</p>
+
+When ye shred with fatal knife<br>
+His line which is the eldest of the three,<br>
+Eftsoon his life may pass into the next:<br>
+And when the next shall likewise ended be,<br>
+That both their lives may likewise be annext<br>
+Unto the third, that his may so be trebly wext.<br>
+<br>
+Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 2 (1590).<br>
+
+<p><b>Agapi'da</b> <i>(Fray Antonio</i>), the imaginary chronicler of <i>The
+Conquest of Granada</i>, written by Washington Irving (1829).</p>
+
+<p><b>Agast'ya</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was
+walking one day with Vishnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who the
+pigmy was that strutted by his side. Vishnoo replied it was the
+patriarch Agastya, who was going to restore earth to its true balance.
+Ocean, in contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's face, and the sage, in
+revenge of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, leaving the bed
+quite dry.&mdash;Maurice.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ag'atha,</b> daughter of Cuno, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's
+opera of <i>Der Freisch&uuml;tz.</i>&mdash;See <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Agath'ocles</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a
+potter, and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army.
+He reduced all Sicily under his power. When he attacked the
+Carthaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel assured
+they must either conquer or die. Agathocl&ecirc;s died of poison administered
+by his grandson (B.C. 361-289).</p>
+
+<p>Voltaire has a tragedy called <i>Agathocle</i>, and Caroline Pichler has an
+excellent German novel entitled <i>Agathocl&eacute;s</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agathon</b>, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C. M.
+Wieland (1733-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though
+some prefer his <i>Don Sylvia de Rosalva</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agdistes</b>, the name given by Spenser to our individual consciousness
+or self. Personified in the being who presided over the Acrasian &quot;bowre
+of blis.&quot;</p>
+
+That is our selfe, whom though we do not see<br>
+Yet each doth in himselfe it well perceive to bee.<br>
+<br>
+Therefore a God him sage Antiquity<br>
+Did wisely make, and good Agdistes call&mdash;<br>
+<br>
+Spenser, <i>Faerie Queene</i>, ii. 12.<br>
+
+<p><b>Agdistis</b>, a genius of human form, uniting the two senses and born
+of an accidental union between Jupiter and Tellus. The story of Agdistis
+and Atys is apparently a myth of the generative powers of nature.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aged</b> (<i>The</i>), so Wemmick's father is called. He lived in &quot;the
+castle at Walworth.&quot; Wemmick at &quot;the castle&quot; and Wemmick in business are
+two &quot;different beings.&quot;</p>
+
+Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage,<br>
+in the midst of plots of garden, and the top of<br>
+it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted<br>
+with guns.... It was the smallest of houses,<br>
+with queer Gothic windows (by far the greater<br>
+part of them sham), and a Gothic door, almost<br>
+too small to get in at.... On Sundays he ran<br>
+up a real flag.... The bridge was a plank, and<br>
+it crossed a chasm about four feet wide and two<br>
+deep.... At nine o'clock every night &quot;the gun<br>
+fired,&quot; the gun being mounted in a separate fortress<br>
+made of lattice-work. It was protected<br>
+from the weather by a tarpaulin ... umbrella.&mdash;<br>
+C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i>, xxv. (1860).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ag'elastes</b> (<i>Michael</i>), the cynic philosopher.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Agesila'us</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.). Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, king of
+Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to
+please and amuse his children.</p>
+
+<p><b>A'gib</b> (<i>King</i>), &quot;The Third Calender&quot; (<i>Arabian Nights'
+Entertainments</i>). He was wrecked on the loadstone mountain, which drew
+all the nails and iron bolts from his ship; but he overthrew the bronze
+statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the mischief. Agib
+visited the ten young men, each of whom had lost the right eye, and was
+carried by a roc to the palace of the forty princesses, with whom he
+tarried a year. The princesses were then obliged to leave for forty
+days, but entrusted him with the keys of the palace, with free
+permission to enter every room but one. On the fortieth day curiosity
+induced him to open this room, where he saw a horse, which he mounted,
+and was carried through the air to Bag dad. The horse then deposited him,
+and knocked out his right eye with a whisk of its tail, as it had done
+the ten &quot;young men&quot; above referred to.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agitator</b> (<i>The Irish</i>), Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aglae</b>, the unwedded sister in T. B. Aldrich's poem, <i>The Sisters'
+Tragedy</i> (1891).</p>
+
+Two sisters loved one man. He being dead,<br>
+Grief loosed the lips of her he had not wed,<br>
+And all the passion that through heavy years,<br>
+Had masked in smiles, unmasked itself in tears.<br>
+
+<p><b>Agnei'a</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wifely chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden
+chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra't&ecirc;s or temperance. Fully
+described in canto x. of <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher
+(1633). (Greek, <i>agneia</i>, &quot;chastity.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ag'nes</b>, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David
+Copperfield's second wife (after the death of Dora, &quot;his child wife&quot;).
+Agnes is a very pure, self-sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet
+domestic.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Agnes</b>, in Moli&egrave;re's <i>L'&Eacute;cole des Femmes</i>, the girl on whom Arnolphe
+tries his pet experiment of education, so as to turn out for himself a
+&quot;model wife.&quot; She is brought up in a country convent, where she is kept
+in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional proprieties,
+the difference between the love of men and women, and that of girls for
+girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. When grown to womanhood she
+quits the convent, and standing one evening on a balcony a young man
+passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns the salute; he bows a
+second and third time, she does the same; he passes and repasses several
+times, bowing each time, and she does as she has been taught to do by
+acknowledging the salute. Of course, the young man (<i>Horace</i>) becomes
+her lover, whom she marries, and M. Arnolphe loses his &quot;model wife.&quot;
+(See PINCH-WIFE.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Elle fait l'Agn&egrave;s.</i> She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and
+verdantly ingenuous.&mdash;<i>French Proverb</i> (from the &quot;Agnes&quot; of Moli&egrave;re,
+<i>L'&Eacute;cole des Femmes</i>, 1662).</p>
+
+<p><i>Agnes</i> (<i>Black</i>), the countess of March, noted for her defence of
+Dunbar against the English.</p>
+
+<p><i>Black Agnes</i>, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her
+brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was
+countess of Moray (Murray) in her own right.</p>
+
+<p><i>Agnes</i> (<i>St.</i>), a young virgin of Palermo, who at the age of thirteen
+was martyred at Rome during the Diocletian persecution of A.D. 304.
+Prudence (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the
+fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Domenichi'no
+have both made her the subject of a painting.&mdash;<i>The Martyrdom of St.
+Agnes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>St. Agnes and the Devil</i>. St. Agnes, having escaped from the prison at
+Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil dogged
+her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor-stones between St. Piran
+and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark the places where the devils were turned
+into stone by the looks of the indignant saint.&mdash;Polwhele, <i>History of
+Cornwall</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Agnes of Sorrento</i>, heroine of novel of same name, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. The scene of the story is laid in Sorrento, Italy.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agraman'te</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Ag'ramant,</b> king of the Moors, in
+<i>Orlando Innamorato</i>, by Bojardo, and <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, by Ariosto.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agrawain</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or <b>Sir Agravain</b>, surnamed &quot;The Desirous,&quot; and
+also &quot;The Haughty.&quot; He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Margawse
+half-sister of king Arthur. His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir Ga'heris,
+and sir Gareth. Mordred was his half-brother, being the son of king
+Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agravain and sir Mordred hated sir Launcelot,
+and told the king he was too familiar with the queen; so they asked the
+king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watch. The queen sent for sir
+Launcelot to her private chamber, and sir Agravain, sir Mordred, and
+twelve others assailed the door, but sir Launcelot slew them all except
+sir Mordred, who escaped.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>,
+iii. 142-145 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Agrica'ne</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), king of Tartary, in the <i>Orlando Innamorato</i>,
+of Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the castle of Albracca, and is slain
+in single combat by Orlando. He brought into the field 2,200,000 troops.</p>
+
+Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp,<br>
+When Agrican, with all his northern powers,<br>
+Besieged Albracca.<br>
+<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iii. (338).<br>
+
+<p><b>Agricola Fusilier</b>, a pompous old creole, a conserver of family
+traditions, and patriot who figures in George W. Cable's <i>Grandissimes</i>
+(1880).</p>
+
+He seemed to fancy himself haranguing a<br>
+crowd; made another struggle for intelligence,<br>
+tried once, twice to speak, and the third time<br>
+succeeded: &quot;Louis&mdash;<i>Louisian&mdash;a&mdash;for&mdash;ever!</i>&quot;<br>
+and lay still. They put those two words on his<br>
+tomb.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ag'rios,</b> Lumpishness personified; a &quot;sullen swain, all mirth that
+in himself and others hated; dull, dead, and leaden.&quot; Described in canto
+viii. of <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek,
+<i>agrios</i>; &quot;a savage.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Agrippina</b> was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an
+emperor. She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of
+Caligula, and mother of Nero.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daughter, wife, sister, and
+mother of a king.</p>
+
+<p><b>Agripy'na</b> or <b>Ag'ripyne</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a princess beloved by the
+&quot;king of Cyprus'son, and madly loved by Orleans.&quot;&mdash;Thomas Dekker, <i>Old
+Fortunatus</i> (a comedy, 1600).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ague-cheek</b> <i>(Sir Andrew</i>), a silly old fop with &quot;3000 ducats a
+year,&quot; very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that
+&quot;beef had done harm to his wit.&quot; Sir Andrew thinks himself &quot;old in
+nothing but in understanding,&quot; and boasts that he can cut a caper, dance
+the coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques, like a young
+man.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p>
+
+<p>Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained &quot;sir Andrew Ague-cheek&quot; with
+infinite drollery, assisted by that expression of &quot;rueful dismay,&quot; which
+gave so peculiar a zest to his <i>Marplot</i>.&mdash;Boaden, <i>Life of Siddons</i>
+Charles Lamb says that &quot;Jem White saw James Dodd one evening in
+<i>Ague-cheek</i>, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took off his
+hat, and saluted him with 'Save you, sir Andrew!' Dodd simply waved his
+hand and exclaimed, 'Away, fool!'&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>A'haback and Des'ra,</b> two enchanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his
+rebellion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahu'bal had a
+magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the
+sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the
+sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's tent
+was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept therein,
+but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked him to cut a
+rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen on the
+enchanters and crushed them to a mummy. In fact, this stone formed the
+head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which the sultan had
+severed in the night.&mdash;James Ridley, <i>Tales of the Genii</i> (&quot;The
+Enchanters' Tale,&quot; vi.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ahasue'rus,</b> the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to
+execution. He rested a moment or two at his door. &quot;Get off! Away with
+you!&quot; cried the cobbler. &quot;Truly, I go away,&quot; returned Jesus, &quot;and that
+quickly; but tarry thou till I come.&quot; And from that time Ahasuerus
+became the &quot;wandering Jew,&quot; who still roams the earth, and will continue
+so to do till the &quot;second coming of the Lord.&quot; This is the legend given
+by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547).&mdash;Greve, <i>Memoir of Paul
+von Eitzen</i> (1744).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aher'man and Ar'gen,</b> the former a fortress, and the latter a suite
+of immense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures
+of human intelligence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals
+that inhabited the earth before the present races existed.&mdash;W. Beckford,
+<i>Vathek</i> (1786).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ah'med</b> <i>(Prince)</i>, noted for the tent given him by the fairy
+Pari-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so
+small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good fairy also
+gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all diseases.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments</i> (&quot;Prince Ahmed, etc.&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aholiba'mah,</b> granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was
+loved by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to
+another planet when the Flood came.&mdash;Byron, <i>Heaven and Earth</i>.</p>
+
+Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that<br>
+she worships the seraph, and declares that his<br>
+immortality can bestow no love more pure and<br>
+warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction<br>
+that there is a ray within her &quot;which,<br>
+though forbidden yet to shine,&quot; is nevertheless<br>
+lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own.&mdash;Finden,<br>
+<i>Byron Beauties</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ah'riman or Ahrima'nes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the angel of darkness and of
+evil in the Magian system, slain by Mithra.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aikwood</b> (<i>Ringan</i>), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of
+Knockwinnock Castle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aimee</b>, the prudent sister, familiarly known as &quot;the wise one&quot; in
+the Bohemian household described by Francis Hodgson Burnett in
+<i>Vagabondia</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aim'well</b> <i>(Thomas, viscount</i>), a gentleman of broken fortune, who
+pays his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Lady Bountiful. He is very
+handsome and fascinating, but quite &quot;a man of the world.&quot; He and Archer
+are the two beaux of <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i>, a comedy by George Farquhar
+(1705).</p>
+
+<p>I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only &quot;mister&quot; of the
+party, and I said to myself, as Gibbet said when he heard that &quot;Aimwell&quot;
+had gone to church, &quot;That looks suspicions&quot; (act ii. sc. 2).&mdash;James
+Smith, <i>Memoirs, Letters, etc</i>. (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aircastle</b>, in the <i>Cozeners</i>, by S. Foote. The original of this
+rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus
+burlesqued:</p>
+
+<p><i>Aircastle</i>: &quot;Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said? I remember,
+Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had-been brought to bed that day was a month
+of a very fine boy&mdash;a bad birth; for Dr. Seeton, who served his time
+with Luke Lancet, of Guise's.&mdash;There was also a talk about him and
+Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow, another
+apprentice, who had great expectations from an old uncle in the
+Grenadiers; but he left all to a distant relation, Kit Cable, a
+midshipman aboard the <i>Torbay</i>. She was lost coming home in the channel.
+The captain was taken up by a coaster from Eye, loaded with cheese&mdash;&quot;
+[Now, pray, what did parson Prunello say? This is a pattern of Mrs.
+Nickleby's rambling gossip.]</p>
+
+<p><b>Air'lie</b> (<i>The earl of</i>), a royalist in the service of king Charles
+I.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Airy</b> (<i>Sir George</i>), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the
+ward of sir Francis Gripe.&mdash;Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Busylody</i> (1709).</p>
+
+<p><b>A'jax,</b> son of O&iuml;leus [<i>O.i'.luce</i>], generally called &quot;the less.&quot;
+In conseqnence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of
+Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea.&mdash;Homer,
+<i>Odyssey</i>, iv. 507; Virgil, <i>&AElig;neid</i>, i. 41.</p>
+
+<p><b>A'jax Tel'amon.</b> Sophocl&ecirc;s has a tragedy called <i>Ajax</i>, in which
+&quot;the madman&quot; scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with
+a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of
+Atreus, has been mentioned at greater or less length by several Greek
+and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is
+introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called <i>Troilus and Cressida.</i>
+(See ALIFANFARON).</p>
+
+The Tuscan poet [<i>Ariosto</i>] doth advance<br>
+The frantic paladin of France [<i>Orlando Furioso</i>];<br>
+And those more ancient [<i>Euripides</i> and <i>Seneca</i>] do enhance<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alcid&ecirc;s in his fury [<i>Hercul&ecirc;s Furens</i>];</span><br>
+And others, Ajax Telamon;&mdash;<br>
+But to this time there hath been none<br>
+So bedlam as our Oberon;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of whom I dare assure you.</span><br>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1536-1631).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ajut and Anningait</b>, in <i>The Rambler</i>.</p>
+
+Part, like Ajut, never to return.<br>
+Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ala'ciel,</b> the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands,
+Taciturnia and Merry land [<i>London</i> and <i>Paris</i>].&mdash;De la Dixmerie
+<i>L'isle Taciturne et l'isle Enjou&eacute;e, ou Voyage du G&eacute;nie Alaciel dans les
+deux Iles</i> (1759).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aladdin</b>, son of Mustafa, a poor tailor, of China, &quot;obstinate,
+disobedent, and mischievous,&quot; wholly abandoned &quot;to indolence and
+licentiousness.&quot; One day an African magician accosted him, pretending to
+be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the &quot;wonderful lamp,&quot; at the same
+time giving him a &quot;ring of safety.&quot; Aladdin secured the lamp, but would
+not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave, whereupon the
+magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for Africa. Aladdin,
+wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the magic ring, when the
+genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked him his commands.
+Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and he returned home.
+By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth, built a superb palace,
+and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's daughter. After a time, the
+African magician got possession of the lamp, and caused the palace, with
+all its contents, to be transported into Africa. Aladdin was absent at
+the time, was arrested and ordered to execution, but was rescued by the
+populace, with whom he was an immense favorite, and started to discover
+what had become of his palace. Happening to slip, he rubbed his ring,
+and when the genius of the ring appeared and asked his orders, was
+instantly posted to the place where his palace was in Africa. He
+poisoned the magician, regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to
+its original place in China.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp.</p>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xii. 12.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aladdin's Lamp</i>, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in &quot;the
+middle of China.&quot; Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began to
+scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp appeared,
+and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, &quot;I am hungry;
+bring me food;&quot; and immediately a banquet was set before him. Having
+thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he became enormously
+rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice the African
+magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the palace with its
+contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician, recovered the lamp,
+and retranslated the palace to its original site.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aladdin's Palace Windows</i>. At the top of the palace was a saloon,
+containing tweny-four windows (six on each side), and all but one
+enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the
+sultan to complete, but all the jewellers in the empire were unable to
+make one to match the others, so Aladdin commanded &quot;the slaves of the
+lamp&quot; to complete their work.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aladdin's Ring</i>, given him by the African magician, &quot;a preservative
+against every evil.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Aladdin and the Wonderful
+Lamp&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'adine,</b> the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by
+Raymond.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'adine</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), son of Aldus, &quot;a lusty knight.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, vi. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alaff, Anlaf,</b> or <b>Olaf</b>, son of Sihtric, Danish king of
+Northumberland (died 927). When Aethelstan [<i>Athelstan</i>] took possession
+of Northumberland, Alaff fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or
+Godfrey to Scotland.</p>
+
+Our English Athelstan,<br>
+In the Northumbrian fields, with most victorious might,<br>
+Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Potyolbion</i>, xii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alain</b>, cousin of Eos, the artist's wife, in <i>Desert Sands</i>, by
+Harriet Prescott Spofford (1863).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alar'con,</b> king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against
+the crusaders, but his men were only half armed.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem
+Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alaric Cottin.</b> Frederick the Great of Prussia was so called by
+Voltaire. &quot;Alaric&quot; because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and
+&quot;Cottin&quot; because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very
+indifferent poet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alas'co,</b> <i>alias</i> DR. DEMETRIUS DOBOOBIE, an old astrologer,
+consulted by the earl of Leicester.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alas'nam</b> (<i>Prince Zeyn</i>) possessed eight statues, each a single
+diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more
+valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beautiful and
+virtuous of women, &quot;more precious than rubies,&quot; who became his wife.</p>
+
+<p>One pure and perfect <i>[woman]</i> is ... like Alasnam's lady, worth them
+all.&mdash;Sir Walter Scott.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alasnam's Mirror</i>. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue, the
+king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to look when
+he saw a beautiful girl; &quot;if the glass remained pure and unsullied, the
+damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would not be wholly
+pure in body and in mind.&quot; This mirror was called &quot;the touchstone of
+virtue.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Prince Zeyn Alasnam&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alas'tor,</b> a surname of Zeus as &quot;the Avenger.&quot; Or, in general, any
+deity or demon who avenges wrong done by man. Shelley wrote a poem,
+<i>Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he might become the
+Alastor of Augustus, whom he hated.&mdash;Plutarch, <i>Cicero, etc.</i> (&quot;Parallel
+Lives.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>God Almighty mustered up an army of mice against the archbishop
+[<i>Hatto</i>], and sent them to persecute him as his furious
+Alastors.&mdash;Coryat, <i>Crudities</i>, 571.</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ban</b> (<i>St.</i>) of Ver'ulam, hid his confessor, St. Am'phibal, and
+changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was during
+the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of
+Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield.</p>
+
+Alban&mdash;our proto-martyr called.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. [1622],</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Al'berick of Mortemar,</b> the same as Theodorick the hermit of
+Engaddi, an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his
+life, and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the
+archduke of Austria.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al' berick</i>, the squire of prince Richard, one of the sons of Henry II.
+of England.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Albert,</b> commander of the <i>Britannia</i>. Brave, liberal, and just,
+softened and refined by domestic ties and superior information. His ship
+was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most
+southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond
+(second in command) grasped one of his legs and could not be shaken off.</p>
+
+Though trained in boisterous elements, his mind<br>
+Was yet by soft humanity refined;<br>
+Each joy of wedded love at home he knew,<br>
+Abroad, confessed the father of his crew....<br>
+<br>
+His genius, ever for th' event prepared,<br>
+Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared.<br>
+
+<p>Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, i. 2 (1756).</p>
+
+<p><i>Albert</i>, father of Gertrude, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (called by
+Campbell Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a mixed
+force of British and Indian troops, led by one Brandt, who made an
+attack on the settlement, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set fire
+to the fort, and destroyed all the houses.&mdash;Campbell, <i>Gertrude of
+Wyoming</i> (1809).</p>
+
+<p><i>Albert</i>, in Goethe's romance called <i>The Sorrows of Werther</i>, is meant
+for his friend Kestner. He is a young German farmer, who married
+Charlotte Buff (called &quot;Lotte&quot; in the novel), with whom Goethe was in
+love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (<i>q. v.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Albert of Gei'erstein</b> (<i>Count</i>), brother of Arnold Biederman, and
+president of the &quot;Secret Tribunal.&quot; He sometimes appears as a &quot;black
+priest of St. Paul's,&quot; and sometimes as the &quot;monk of St. Victoire.&quot;&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Albertaz'zo</b> married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His
+sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs the Royal Family of
+England.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Albia'zar,</b> an Arab chief, who joins the Egyptian armament against
+the crusaders.</p>
+
+<p>A chief in rapine, not in knighthood bred. Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>,
+xvii. (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'bion.</b> In legendary history this word is variously accounted for.
+One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first
+discoverer, who ruled over the island for forty-four years.</p>
+
+<p>Another derivation is Al'bia, eldest of the fifty daughters of
+Diocle'sian king of Syria. These fifty ladies all married on the same
+day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way of
+punishment, they were cast adrift in a ship, unmanned, but the wind
+drove the vessel to our coast, where these Syrian damsels disembarked.
+Here they lived the rest of their lives, and married with the
+aborigines, &quot;a lawless crew of devils.&quot; Milton mentions this legend, and
+na&iuml;vely adds, &quot;it is too absurd and unconscionably gross to be
+believed.&quot; Its resemblance to the fifty daughters of Dan'aos is
+palpable.</p>
+
+<p>Drayton, in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, says that Albion came from Rome, was &quot;the
+first martyr of the land,&quot; and dying for the faith's sake, left his name
+to the country, where Offa subsequently reared to him &quot;a rich and
+sumptuous shrine, with a monastery attached.&quot;&mdash;Song xvi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Albion</i>, king of Briton, when O'beron held his court in what is now
+called &quot;Kensington Gardens.&quot; T. Tickell has a poem upon this subject.</p>
+
+<p><i>Albion wars with Jove's Son</i>. Albion, son of Neptune, wars with
+Her'cul&ecirc;s, son of Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the share of his
+father's kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspired to dethrone his
+brother, but Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was
+discomfited.</p>
+
+Since Albion wielded arms against the son of<br>
+Jove.<br>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Albo'rak,</b> the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the
+seventh heaven. It had the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the
+wings of an eagle, and spoke with a human voice.</p>
+
+<p><b>Albuma'zar,</b> Arabian astronomer (776-885).</p>
+
+Chaunteclere, our cocke, must tell what is o'clocke,<br>
+By the astrologye that he hath naturally<br>
+Conceyued and caught; for he was never taught<br>
+By Albumazar, the astronomer,<br>
+Nor by Ptholomy, prince of astronomy.<br>
+J. Skelton, <i>Philip Sparoiv</i> (time, Henry VIII.).<br>
+
+<p>Alcestis or Alcestes, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus (<i>q. v</i>.)
+On his wedding-day Admetus neglected to offer sacrifice to Diana and was
+condemned to die, but Apollo induced the Fates to spare his life if he
+could find a voluntary substitute. His wife offered to give her life for
+his, and went away with death; but Hercules fought with Death and
+restored Alcestes to her husband. This story is the subject of a tragedy
+<i>Alcestes</i>, by Euripides. Milton alludes to the incident in one of his
+sonnets:</p>
+
+Methought I saw my late espoused saint<br>
+Brought to me like Alcestes from the grave.<br>
+
+<p>John Milton, Sonnet <i>On his deceased Wife</i>.</p>
+
+<p>William Morris has made Alcestes the subject of one of the tales in his
+<i>Earthly Paradise.</i></p>
+
+<p>A variation of the story is found in Longfellow's <i>The Golden Legend</i>,
+Henry of Hoheneck when dying was promised his life if a maiden could be
+found who would give up her life for his. Elsie, the daughter of
+Gottlieb, a tenant-farmer of the prince offered herself as a sacrifice,
+and followed her lord to Sorrento to give herself up to Lucifer; but
+Henry heard of it, and, moved by gratitude, saved Elsie and made her his
+wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alceste</i>, the hero of Moli&egrave;re's comedy <i>Le Misanthrope</i>. He has a pure
+and noble mind that has been soured and disgusted by intercourse with
+the world. Courtesy he holds to be the vice of fops, and the manners of
+society mere hypocrisy. He courts C&eacute;lm&egrave;ne, a coquette and her treatment
+of his love confirms his bad opinion of mankind.</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'chemist</b> (<i>The</i>), the last of the three great comedies of Ben
+Jonson (1610). The other two are <i>Vol'pone</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), (1605), and <i>The
+Silent Woman</i> (1609). The object of <i>The Alchemist</i> is to ridicule the
+belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The alchemist
+is &quot;Subtle,&quot; a mere quack; and &quot;sir Epicure Mammon&quot; is the chief dupe,
+who supplies money, etc., for the &quot;transmutation of metal.&quot; &quot;Abel
+Drugger&quot; a tobacconist, and &quot;Dapper&quot; a lawyer's clerk, are two other
+dupes. &quot;Captain Face,&quot; <i>alias</i> &quot;Jeremy,&quot; the house-servant of &quot;Lovewit,&quot;
+and &quot;Dol Common&quot; are his allies. The whole thing is blown up by the
+unexpected return of &quot;Lovewit.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcib'ades</b> (5 <i>syl.</i>), the Athenian general. Being banished by the
+senate, he marches against the city, and the senate, being unable to
+offer resistance, open the gates to him (B.C. 450-404). This incident is
+introduced by Shakespeare in <i>Timon of Athens</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcibi'ades' Tables</b> represented a god or goddess outwardly, and a
+Sile'nus, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a &quot;curious dissertation
+on these tables&quot; (<i>Adage</i>, 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence emblematic of
+falsehood and dissimulation.</p>
+
+Whose wants virtue is compared to these<br>
+False tables wrought by Alcibiades;<br>
+Which noted well of all were found t've bin<br>
+Most fair without, but most deformed within.<br>
+
+<p>Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, i. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alci'des,</b> a name sometimes given to Hercules as the descendent of
+the hero Alcoeus through his son Amphitryon (<i>q. v.</i>) The name is
+applied to any valiant hero.</p>
+
+The Tuscan poet [<i>Ariosto</i>] doth advance<br>
+The frantic paladin of France [<i>Orlando Furioso</i>];<br>
+And those more ancient do enhance<br>
+Alcid&ecirc;s in his fury.<br>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1563-1631).</p>
+
+Where is the great Alcid&ecirc;s of the field,<br>
+Valiant lord Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury?<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI</i>. act. iv. sc. 7 (1589).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alci'na</b>, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo's <i>Orlando
+Innamorato</i> she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i> she is a kind of Circ&ecirc;, whose garden is a scene of
+enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts
+them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy dictates.</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ciphron</b>, or <i>The Minute Philosopher</i>, the title of a work by
+bishop Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a
+freethinker. The object of this work is to expose the weakness of
+infidelity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ciphron</i>, &quot;the epicurean,&quot; the hero of T. Moore's romance entitled
+<i>The Epicurean</i>.</p>
+
+Like Aleiphron, we swing in air and darkness,<br>
+and know not whither the wind blows us.<br>
+
+<p>&mdash;<i>Putnam's Magazine.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Alcme'na</b> (in Moli&egrave;re, <i>Alcm&egrave;ne</i>), the wife of Amphitryon, general
+of the Theban army. While her husband is absent warring against the
+Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon
+himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises between
+the false and true Amphitryon, which is augmented by Mercury, who
+personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphitryon. By this amour of Jupiter,
+Alcmena becomes the mother of Her'cul&ecirc;s. Plautus, Moli&egrave;re, and Dryden
+have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled <i>Amphitryon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcofri'bas</b>, the name by which Rabelais was called, after he came
+out of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll
+of every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave &quot;the merry
+fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin.&quot;&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 32
+(1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'colomb</b>, &quot;subduer of hearts,&quot; daughter of Abou Aibou of Damascus,
+and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, in a fit of jealousy,
+commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and sister to do
+penance for three days in Damascus, and then to be banished from Syria.
+The two ladies came to Bag dad, and were taken in by the charitable
+syndic of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the caliph was over he
+sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife, and her mother he
+married to his vizier.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Ganem, the Slave of Love &quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcy'on</b> &quot;the wofullest man alive,&quot; but once &quot;the jolly shepherd
+swain that wont full merrily to pipe and dance,&quot; near where the Severn
+flows. One day he saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it followed
+him about like a dog; but a cruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By
+the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel
+satyr is death. He said he hated everything&mdash;the heaven, the earth,
+fire, air, and sea, the day, the night; he hated to speak, to hear, to
+taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel; he hated man and woman
+too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful
+shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur
+Gorges.&mdash;Spencer, <i>Daphnaida</i> (in seven fyttes, 1590).</p>
+
+And there is that Alcyon bent to mourn,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty.</span><br>
+Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Sweet lays of love to endless plaints of pity.</span><br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alcy'one</b> or <b>Halcyone</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Aeolus, who, on
+hearing of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea,
+and was changed to a kingfisher. (See HALCYON DAYS.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldabel'la,</b> wife of Orlando, sister of Oliver, and daughter of
+Monodan't&ecirc;s.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso, etc</i>. (1516).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aldabella</i>, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and fascinating,
+but arrogant and heartless. She used to give entertainments to the
+magnates of Florence, and Fazio was one who spent most of his time in
+her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous of the marchioness, accused
+him to the duke of being privy to the death of Bartoldo, and for this
+offence Fazio was executed. Bianca died broken-hearted, and Aldabella
+was condemned to spend the rest of her life in a nunnery.&mdash;Dean Milman,
+<i>Fazio</i> (a tragedy, 1815).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alden</b> (<i>John</i>), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love
+with Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old
+soldier, wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead
+for him; but the maiden answered archly, &quot;Why don't you speak for
+yourself, John!&quot; Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a
+poisoned arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden consented.
+Standish, however, was not killed, but only wounded; he made his
+reappearance at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he
+accepted the situation with the good-natured remark:</p>
+
+If you would be served you must serve yourself;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">and moreover</span><br>
+No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">of Christmas.</span><br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i> (1858).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldiborontephoscophornio</b> <i>[Al'diboron'te-fos'co-for'nio]</i>, a
+character in <i>Chrononhotonthologos</i>, by H. Carey.</p>
+
+<p>(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Ballantyne, the printer, this
+nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'diger,</b> son of Buo'vo, of the house of Clarmont, brother of
+Malagi'gi and Vivian.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'dine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which
+joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of the
+Arabs, &quot;Their accents were female and their stature diminutive&quot;
+(xvii.).&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'dingar</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He
+impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge by single
+combat; but an angel (in the shape of a little child) established the
+queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering version of the story of
+Gunhilda and the emperor Henry.&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, ii. 9.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldo</b>, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his
+return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran. To resent this affront,
+he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora (in
+Scandinavia), and here Lorma, the king's wife, fell in love with him.
+The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately invaded. Aldo
+fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorma died of grief, and Erragon was
+slain in battle by Graul, son of Morni.&mdash;<i>Ossian</i> (&quot;The Battle of
+Lora&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldrick</b> the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldrovand</b> <i>(Father)</i>, chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old
+Norman warrior.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aldus</b>, father of Al'adine (3 <i>syl</i>), the &quot;lusty knight.&quot;&mdash;Spenser,
+<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, vi. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alea,</b> a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy; at least so
+Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the invention to Palam&euml;d&ecirc;s.</p>
+
+<p>Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a Graecis, in otio Trojani belli, a
+quodam milite, nomine ALEA, a quo et ars nomen accepit.&mdash;Isidorus,
+<i>Orig</i>. xviii. 57.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alec'tryon,</b> a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he
+fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others'
+embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And from out the neighboring farmyard</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Loud the cock Alectryon crowed.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Longfellow, <i>Pegasus in Pound</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Alec Yeaton</b>, the Gloucester skipper in T. B. Aldrich's ballad,
+<i>Alec Yeaton's Son</i>.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The wind it wailed, the wind it moaned,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And the white caps flecked the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' I would to God,&quot; the skipper groaned,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;I had not my boy with me!&quot;</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Long did they marvel in the town</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">At God His strange decree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That let the stalwart skipper drown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And the little child go free. (1890.)</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ale'ria,</b> one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives
+of Guido the Savage.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alessandro</b>, husband of the Indian girl Ramona, in Helen Hunt
+Jackson's novel <i>Ramona</i>. The story of the young couple is a series of
+oppressions and deceits practised by U. S. officials (1884).
+<b>Alessio</b>, the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage,
+when Elvi'no promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of
+pique, because he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he
+discovered his error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to
+marry Alessio, with whom she had been previously cohabiting.&mdash;Bellini's
+opera, <i>La Sonnamlula</i> (1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ale'thes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine (3
+<i>syl</i>.); subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem
+Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alexander Patoff</b>, brother of the young Russian who figures most
+prominently in F. Marion Crawford's novel <i>Paul Patoff</i>. Alexander's
+mysterious disappearance in a mosque leads to suspicions involving his
+brother, even the mother of the two brothers accusing Paul of fratricide
+(1887).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alex. Walton</b>, physician and suitor of Margaret Kent in <i>The Story
+of Margaret Kent</i>, by Henry Hayes (Ellen Olney Kirke) (1886).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alexander the Great</b>, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French
+we have a novel called <i>Roman d'Alexandre</i>, by Lambert-li-cors (twelfth
+century), and a tragedy by Racine (1665).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander an Athlete</i>. Alexander, being asked if he would run a course
+at the Olympic games, replied, &quot;Yes, if my competitors are all kings.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>The Albanian Alexander</i>, George Castriot <i>(Scanderbeg</i> or <i>Iscander
+beg</i>, 1404-1467).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Persian Alexander</i>, Sandjar (1117-1158).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander of the North</i>, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander deformed</i>.</p>
+
+Ammon's great son one shoulder had too high.<br>
+
+<p>Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>, 117.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander and Homer</i>. When Alexander invaded Asia Minor, he offered up
+sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles. Here he
+exclaimed, &quot;O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy deeds!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry,</p>
+
+&quot;O fortunate young man! whose virtue found<br>
+So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>The Ruins of Time</i> (1591).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander and Parme'nio.</i> When Darius, king of Persia, offered
+Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000
+talents of gold, Parmenio said, &quot;I would accept the offer, if I were
+Alexander.&quot; To this Alexander rejoined, &quot;So would I, if I were
+Parmenio.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish in
+his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, &quot;I consider not what
+Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander and Perdiccas</i>. When Alexander started for Asia he divided
+his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had left for
+himself. &quot;Hope,&quot; said Alexander. &quot;If hope is enough for Alexander,&quot;
+replied the friend, &quot;it is enough for Perdiccas also;&quot; and declined to
+accept anything.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander and Raphael</i>. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave in the
+mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of, replied, &quot;The
+water of immortality.&quot; Whereupon Raphael gave him a stone, and told him
+when he found another of the same weight he would gain his wish. &quot;And
+how long,&quot; said Alexander, &quot;have I to live?&quot; The angel replied, &quot;Till
+the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee are of iron.&quot; Alexander
+now went forth and found a stone almost of the weight required, and in
+order to complete the balance, added a little earth; falling from his
+horse at Ghur he was laid in his armor on the ground, and his shield was
+set up over him to ward off the sun. Then understood he that he would
+gain immortality when, like the stone, he was buried in the earth, and
+that his hour was come, for the earth beneath him was iron, and his iron
+buckler was his vault of heaven above. So he died.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander and the Robber</i>. When Dion'id&ecirc;s, a pirate, was brought before
+Alexander, he exclaimed, &quot;Vile brigand! How dare you infest the seas
+with your misdeeds?&quot; &quot;And you,&quot; replied the pirate, &quot;by what right do
+you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I am called a
+brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a conqueror.&quot;
+Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to be set at
+liberty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander's Beard</i>, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said
+that Alexander the Great had scarcely any beard at all.</p>
+
+Disgrac&egrave;d yet with Alexander's bearde.<br>
+
+<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>The Steele Glas</i> (died 1577).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alexander's Runner</i>, Ladas.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alexan'dra,</b> daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of
+the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the
+Amazons was called Alexandra.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alex'is,</b> the wanton shepherd in <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, a
+pastoral drama by John Fletcher (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alfa'der,</b> the father of all the Asen <i>(deities)</i> of Scandinavia,
+creator and governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alfonso</b>, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara, Tasso the
+poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for
+seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expiration of that
+period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago,
+duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 36.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alfonso XI</i> of Castile, whose &quot;favorite&quot; was Leonora de
+Guzman.&mdash;Donizetti, <i>La Favorita</i> (an opera, 1842).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alfon'so (Don)</i>, of Seville, a man of fifty and husband of donna Julia
+(twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without
+cause.&mdash;Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alfon'so</i>, in Walpole's tale called <i>The Castle of Otranto</i>, appears as
+an apparition in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alfred as a Gleeman.</b> Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the
+Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the
+Danish camp for several days, amusing the soldiers with his harping and
+singing. After he had made himself master of all he required, he
+returned back to his own place.&mdash;William of Malmesbury (twelfth
+century).</p>
+
+<p>William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king,
+who, he says, just before the battle of Brunanburh, in Northumberland,
+entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so
+pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not keep
+the gold, but buried it in the earth.</p>
+
+<p><b>Algarsife</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of
+Tartary, and Elf&ecirc;ta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora.</p>
+
+I speak of Algarsife,<br>
+How that he won Theodora to his wife.<br>
+
+<p>Chaucer, <i>The Squire's Tale</i>
+<b>Al'gebar'</b> (&quot;<i>the giant</i>&quot;). So the Arabians
+call the constellation Orion.</p>
+
+Begirt with many a blazing star,<br>
+Stood the great giant Algebar&mdash;<br>
+Orion, hunter of the beast.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Longfellow, <i>The Occultation of Orion</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Al'i,</b> cousin and son-in-law of Mahomet. The beauty of his eyes is
+proverbial in Persia. <i>Ayn Hali</i> (&quot;eyes of Ali&quot;) is the highest
+compliment a Persian can pay to beauty.&mdash;Chardin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ali Baba,</b> a poor Persian wood-carrier, who accidentally learns the
+magic words, &quot;Open Sesam&ecirc;!&quot; &quot;Shut Sesam&ecirc;!&quot; by which he gains entrance
+into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of
+forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores;
+and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain and
+his whole band of thieves are extirpated. In reward of these services,
+Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his own
+son.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ice</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Valentine, in <i>Mons. Thomas</i>, a comedy
+by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ice</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of
+Rambaldo, the Norman troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of <i>Roberto il
+Diavolo</i>. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his mother's
+&quot;will,&quot; which he is enjoined not to read till he is a virtuous man. She
+is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the fiend, claims his soul as
+the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by reading the will, reclaims him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ice</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the servant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the
+innkeeper at Altringham.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time,
+Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ice</i>, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in
+later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a
+dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into
+manhood. (See ROSE.)&mdash;Tennyson, <i>The Miller's Daughter</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ice (The Lady</i>), widow of Walter, knight of Avenel (2 <i>syl</i>).&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ice</i> [GRAY], called &quot;Old Alice Gray,&quot; a quondam tenant of the lord
+of Ravenswood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old
+lord.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alice Munro</i>, one of the sisters taken captive by Indians in Cooper's
+<i>Last of the Mohicans</i> (1821).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alichi'no.</b> a devil in Dante's <i>Inferno</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alicia</b> gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position.
+As a wife, she played falsely with her husband, and even joined Mosby in
+a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love for Mosby and respect for
+Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning; wishes to get disentangled, but
+is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's passions impel her to
+evil, but her judgment accuses her and prompts her to the right course.
+She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam, and of course is lost.
+&mdash;Anon., <i>Arden of Feversham</i> (1592).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alic'ia</i>, &quot;a laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering she,&quot; who once
+held lord Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy,
+&quot;vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights,&quot; drove him away from her.
+Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of Gloster of
+alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord protector
+soon trumped up a charge against both; the lord chamberlain he ordered
+to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for witchcraft.
+Alicia goes raving mad.&mdash;Rowe, <i>Jane Shore</i> (1713).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alic'ia</i> (<i>The lady</i>), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzurse.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alick</b> [POLWORTH], one of the servants of Waverley.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alifan'faron,</b> emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the
+suitor of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pentapolin refused to
+sanction this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce
+his suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming
+in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of
+Alifanfaron and Pentapolin.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iii. 4 (1605).</p>
+
+<p>Ajax the Greater had a similar encounter. (See AJAX.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Alin'da,</b> daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of
+Sego'via.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Pilgrim</i> (1621).</p>
+
+<p>(<i>Alinda</i> is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in woman's
+attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, &quot;the loyal subject&quot;
+of the great duke of Moscovia, in the drama by Beaumont and Fletcher,
+called <i>The Loyal Subject</i>, 1618.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Aliprando</b>, a Christian knight, who discovered the armor of Rinaldo,
+and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but
+were mistaken.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'iris,</b> sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of
+Fer'amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be
+married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the
+journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy is
+unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her heart,
+is the sultan to whom she is betrothed.&mdash;T. Moore, <i>Lalla Rookh</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alisaunder</b> (<i>Sir</i>), surnamed LORFELIN, son of the good prince
+Boudwine and his wife An'glides (3 <i>syl</i>.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall,
+murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a mere
+child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his father's
+doublet, &quot;bebled with old blood,&quot; and charged him to revenge his
+father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and had one
+son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of fulfilling his mother's
+charge, he was himself &quot;falsely and feloniously slain&quot; by king
+Mark.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of King Arthur</i>, ii. 119-125 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ison</b>, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter.
+Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house.
+Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a rouguish eye,
+small eyebrows, was &quot;long as a mast and upright as a bolt,&quot; more
+&quot;pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree,&quot; and her skin &quot;was
+softer than the wool of a wether.&quot;&mdash;Chaucer, &quot;The Miller's Tale,&quot;
+<i>Canterbury Tales</i>, (1388).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'ison</i>, in sir W. Scott's <i>Kenilworth</i>, is an old domestic in the
+service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place.</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ken</b>, an old shepherd, who instructs Robin Hood's men how to find
+a witch, and how she is to be hunted.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>The Sad Shepherd</i>
+(1637).</p>
+
+<p><b>All's Well that Ends Well</b>, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero
+and heroine are Bertram of Rousillon, and Hel'ena a physician's
+daughter, who are married by the command of the king of France, but part
+because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for him.
+Ultimately, however, all ends well.&mdash;(See HELENA.)</p>
+
+<p>The story of this play is from Painter's <i>Gilletta of Narbon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>All the Talents</b> Administration, formed by lord Grenville, in 1806,
+on the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Grenville, the earl
+Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer, William
+Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord Auckland, lord
+Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord Ellenborough. It was
+dissolved in 1807.</p>
+
+On &quot;all the talents&quot; vent your venal spleen.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Allan</b>, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'lan (Mrs.)</i>, colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Al'lan</i> [Breck Cameron], the sergeant sent to arrest Hamish Bean
+McTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, <i>The Highland Widow</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Allan-a-Dale</b>, one of Robin Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott
+in <i>Ivanhoe</i>. (See ALLIN-A-DALE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Allan Quartermain</b>, hunter and traveller whose adventures are
+recorded in <i>She, King Solomon's Mines</i>, and <i>Allan Quartermain</i>, by W.
+Rider Haggard (1886-1891).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alle'gre</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When
+Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him
+confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was true
+as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no
+foundation but jealousy.&mdash;G. Chapman and J. Shirley, <i>The Tragedy of
+Philip Chabot</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Allen</b> (<i>Ralph</i>), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding.</p>
+
+Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,<br>
+Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.<br>
+
+<p>Pope.</p>
+
+<p><i>Allen (Long)</i>, a soldier in the &quot;guards&quot; of king Richard I.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Talisman</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Allen (Major)</i>, an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>All-Fair</b>, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which
+guarded the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she
+would become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this
+promise by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wedding
+day Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in
+Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword, but
+in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed to the
+heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of her
+lover, died of a broken heart. The syren changed the dead lovers into
+two palm trees.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;The Yellow Dwarf,&quot;
+1682). <b>Allin-a-Dale</b> or <b>Allen-a-Dale</b>, of Nottinghamshire, was
+to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents compelled
+her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin told his
+tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of a harper,
+went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take place. When
+the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, &quot;This is no fit
+match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her choice.&quot; Then,
+sounding his horn, Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty bowmen entered the
+church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to Allin till the banns
+had been asked three times, whereupon Robin pulled off the bishop's
+gown, and invested Little John in it, who asked the banns seven times,
+and performed the ceremony.&mdash;<i>Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale</i> (a ballad).</p>
+
+<p><b>All'it.</b> Captain of Nebuchadrezzar's guards in <i>The Master of the
+Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. He is
+flattered and content to be the queen's favorite until he meets Lalitha,
+a Jewish damsel. He braves death to save her from runaway horses
+attached to a chariot, is captivated by her beauty, and forgets his
+royal mistress in an honorable love (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Allnut</b> (<i>Noll</i>), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625).</p>
+
+<p><i>Grace Allnut</i>, his wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Oliver Allnut</i>, the landlord's son.&mdash;Sterling, <i>John Felton</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Allworth</b> (<i>Lady</i>), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach
+thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord Lovel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tom Allworth</i>, stepson of lady Allworth, in love with Margaret
+Overreach, whom he marries.&mdash;Massinger, <i>A New Way to pay Old Debts</i>
+(1625).</p>
+
+<p><b>All'worthy</b>, in Fielding's <i>Tom Jones</i>, a man of sturdy rectitude,
+large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring
+philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's
+friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alma</b> (<i>the human soul</i>) queen of a Castle, which for seven years
+was beset by a rabble rout. Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma
+over this castle, which though not named is intended to represent the
+human body.&mdash;Spenser, <i>The Fa&euml;rie Queene</i>, ii. 9 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Almansor</b> (&quot;<i>the invincible</i>&quot;), a title
+assumed by several Mussulman princes, as
+by the second caliph of the Abbasside
+dynasty, named Abou Giafar Abdallah
+(<i>the invincible</i>, or <i>al mansor</i>). Also by the
+famous captain of the Moors in Spain,
+named Mohammed. In Africa, Yacoubal-Modjahed
+was entitled &quot;<i>al mansor</i>,&quot; a royal
+name of dignity given to the kings of Fez,
+Morocco, and Algiers.</p>
+
+The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus,<br>
+Marocco and Algiers.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 403 (1665).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Almanzor</b>, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot,
+was told by a hermit named Bag dad that a man called Moclas was destined
+to be its founder. &quot;I am that man,&quot; said the caliph, and he then told
+the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it,
+whereupon his nurse ever after called him &quot;Moclas&quot; (<i>thief</i>). Almanzor
+founded the city, and called it Bag dad, the name of the
+hermit.&mdash;Marigny.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alman'zor</i>, in Dryden's tragedy of <i>The Conquest of Grana'da</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alman'zor</i>, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected fine
+ladies in Moli&egrave;re's comedy of <i>Les Pr&eacute;cieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p>
+
+<p><b>Almavi'va</b>, (<i>Count</i>), in <i>The Marriage of Figaro</i> and <i>The Barber
+of Seville</i> by Beaumarchais. <i>The Follies of a Day</i> by T. Holcroft
+(1745-1809) is borrowed from Beaumarchais.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alme'ria</b>, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of
+Valentia, prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled to
+fight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in which
+they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had perished.
+Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast of Granada,
+to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso, under the
+assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape, and at the
+head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and &quot;the mournful
+bride&quot; became converted into the joyful wife.&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The
+Mourning Bride</i> (1697).</p>
+
+<p><b>Almes'bury</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that
+queen Guenever took refuge, after her adulterous passion for sir
+Lancelot was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was
+buried at Glastonbury.</p>
+
+<p><b>Almey'da,</b> the Portuguese governor of India. In his engagement with
+the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs
+shattered by chain-shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had
+himself bound to the shipmast, where he &quot;waved his sword to cheer on the
+combatants,&quot; till he died from loss of blood.</p>
+
+<p>Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynaegeros brother of the
+poet &AElig;schylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of &quot;the prophet&quot; in
+the battle of Muta, and of some others.</p>
+
+Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn,<br>
+His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne;<br>
+Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands,<br>
+Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful hands:<br>
+Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny,<br>
+To yield he knows not; but he knows to die.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Camoens, <i>Lusiad</i>, x. (1569).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Almirods</b> (<i>The</i>), a rebellions people, who refused to submit to
+prince Pantag'ruel after his subjugation of Anarchus king of the
+Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these
+rebels that a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting
+out his tongue &quot;halfway,&quot; sheltered his whole army.&mdash;Rabelais,
+<i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 32 (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alnas'char</b>, the dreamer, the &quot;barber's fifth brother.&quot; He invested
+all his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much,
+and then to invest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would
+marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur; but being angry with
+his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the ware
+which had given birth to his dream of wealth.&mdash;<i>The Arabian Nights'
+Entertainments</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Alnaschar of Modern Literature</i>, S.T. Coleridge, so called because
+he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises which he
+never carried out (1772-1834).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aloa'din</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and
+garden in Arabia called &quot;The Earthly Paradise.&quot; Thalaba slew him with a
+club, and the scene of enchantment disappeared.&mdash;Southey, <i>Thalaba the
+Destroyer</i>, vii. (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alon'so</b>, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of
+Sebastian, in <i>The Tempest</i>, by Shakespeare (1609).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alonzo</b> <i>the brave</i>, the name of a ballad
+by M.G. Lewis. The fair Imogene was betrothed
+to Alonzo, but during his absence
+in the wars became the bride of another.
+At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat
+beside the bride, and, after rebuking her
+for her infidelity, carried her off to the
+grave.</p>
+
+Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The maid was the fair Imogene.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;">M.G. Lewis.</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Alon'zo</i>, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious
+Duarte (3 <i>syl</i>.), in the drama called <i>The Custom of the Country</i>, by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1647).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alonzo</i>, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the friend
+of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken prisoner of
+war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with him. At the
+end he fights with Pizarro and kills him.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i> (altered
+from Kotzebue).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alonzo (Don)</i>, &quot;the conqueror of Afric,&quot; friend of don Carlos, and
+husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out of
+friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out of
+revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still entertained
+for each other their former love, and out of jealousy Alonzo has his
+friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with herself. Zanga now
+informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless, and mad with grief he
+kills himself.&mdash;Edw. Young, <i>The Revenge</i> (1721).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alonzo Fernandez de Avellaneda</b>, author of a spurious <i>Don Quixote</i>,
+who makes a third sally. This was published during the lifetime of
+Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alp</b>, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in
+the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti,
+governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a renegade and apostate.
+Alp was shot in the siege, and Francesca died of a broken heart.&mdash;Byron,
+<i>Siege of Corinth</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alphe'us</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a magician and prophet in the army of
+Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1516).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alphe'us</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), of classic story, being passionately in love with
+Arethu'sa, pursued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and was
+changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alphon'so</b>, an irascible old lord in <i>The Pilgrim</i>, a comedy by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1621).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alphon'so</i>, king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no
+tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ultimately he recovered his
+crown, and Frederick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest of
+their lives.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>A Wife for a Month</i> (1624).</p>
+
+<p><i>Alphonso</i>, son of count Pedro of Cantabria,
+afterwards king of Spain. He was
+plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord
+Pelayo.</p>
+
+The young Alphonso was in truth an heir<br>
+Of nature's largest patrimony; rich<br>
+In form and feature, growing strength of limb,<br>
+A gentle heart, a soul affectionate,<br>
+A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts,<br>
+And genius heightening and ennobling all.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>, viii. (1814).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Alqui'fe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a famous enchanter in <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>,
+by Vasco de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403.</p>
+
+<p>La Noue denounces such beneficent enchanters as Alquife and Urganda,
+because they serve &quot;as a vindication of those who traffic with the
+powers of darkness.&quot;&mdash;Francis de la Noue, <i>Discourses</i>, 87 (1587).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alrinach</b>, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms
+and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form and dress of a
+woman.&mdash;<i>Eastern Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Alscrip</b> (<i>Miss</i>), &quot;the heiress,&quot; a vulgar <i>parvenue</i>, affected,
+conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her, she
+assumes the airs of a woman of fashion, and exhibits the follies without
+possessing the merits of the upper ten.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. Alscrip</i>, the vulgar father of &quot;the heiress,&quot; who finds the
+grandeur of sudden wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion, Berkeley
+Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as scrivener in
+Furnival's Inn.&mdash;General Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1781).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'tamont</b>, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of
+lord Sciol'to (3 <i>syl</i>). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride
+has been seduced by Lotha'rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is
+killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself.&mdash;N. Rowe, <i>The Fair Penitent</i>
+(1703). (Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Altamo'rus</b>, king of Samarcand', who joined the Egyptian armament
+against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk.
+xx.).&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Altascar</b> (<i>Se&ntilde;or</i>). A courtly old Spaniard in Bret Harte's Notes by
+<i>Flood and Field</i>. He is dispossessed of his corral in the Sacramento
+Valley by a party of government surveyors, who have come to correct
+boundaries (1878).</p>
+
+<p><b>Altemera.</b> Typical far-southern girl, with a lovely face, creamy
+skin, and a &quot;lazy sweet voice,&quot; who takes the leading part in Annie
+Eliot's <i>An Hour's Promise</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Althaea's Brand.</b> The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger
+would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained
+unconsumed. Althaea contrived to keep the log unconsumed for many years,
+but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily into the
+fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at the same
+time.&mdash;Ovid, <i>Metaph</i>. viii. 4.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fatal brand Althaea burned.</span><br>
+Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act i. sc. 1 (1591).<br>
+
+<p><b>Althe'a</b> (<i>The divine</i>), of Richard Lovelace, was Lucy Saeheverell,
+also called by the poet, <i>Lucasta</i>.</p>
+
+When love with unconfin&egrave;d wings<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hovers within my gates,</span><br>
+And my divine Althea brings<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To whisper at my grates.</span><br>
+
+<p>(The &quot;grates&quot; here referred to were those of a prison in which Lovelace
+was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from Kent in favor
+of the king.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Altheetar</b>, one of the seven bridegrooms of Loplu&euml;l, condemned to
+die successively, by a malignant spirit. He is young, beautiful, and
+endowed with rare gifts of soul and mind. While singing to her, his lyre
+falls from his hand and he dies in her arms, her loosened hair falling
+about him as a shroud.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">&quot;So calm, so fair,</span><br>
+He rested on the purple, tapestried floor,<br>
+It seemed an angel lay reposing there.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><i>Lopluel, or the Bride of Seven</i>, by Maria del Occidente (Maria Gowen
+Brooks) (1833).</p>
+
+<p><b>Altisido'ra</b>, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in
+love with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response
+that he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while
+he is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the
+room by a rope. As the knight is leaving the mansion, Altisidora accuses
+him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denies the charge,
+the damsel protests that she said so in her distraction, for her garters
+were not stolen. &quot;I am like the man looking for his mule at the time he
+was astride its back.&quot;&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 9, etc.; iv.
+5 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ton</b> (<i>Miss</i>), <i>alias</i> Miss CLIFFORD, a sweet, modest young lady,
+the companion of Miss Alscrip, &quot;the heiress,&quot; a vulgar, conceited
+<i>parvenue</i>. Lord Gayville is expected to marry &quot;the heiress,&quot; but
+detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out
+that &pound;2000 a year of &quot;the heiress's&quot; fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford
+(Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir Clement
+Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to Clifford, who
+marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the same on his
+nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton.&mdash;General Burgoyne, <i>The
+Heiress</i> (1781).</p>
+
+<p><b>Al'ton Locke</b>, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley
+(1850). This novel won for the author the title of &quot;The Chartist
+Clergyman.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Alvira Roberts</b>, hired &quot;girl&quot; and faithful retainer of the Fairchild
+family. For many years she and Milton Squires, the hired man, have &quot;kept
+company.&quot; In his prosperity he deserts her. When he is convicted of
+murder, she kisses him. &quot;Ef 'twas the last thing I ever done in my life,
+I'd dew it. We was&mdash;engaged&mdash;once't on a time!&quot;&mdash;<i>Seth's Brother's
+Wife</i>, by Harold Frederic (1886).</p>
+
+<p><b>Alzir'do</b>, king of Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in
+his march to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando
+Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'adis of Gaul</b>, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess
+Elize'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the
+first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died
+1403). These books were translated into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo,
+who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by
+Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly, Gilbert
+Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series <i>Le Roman
+des Romans</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain that
+&quot;Gaul&quot; means <i>Wales</i>, not France; that Elizena was princess of
+<i>Brittany</i> (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul (<i>Wales</i>), not
+Gaul <i>(France).</i></p>
+
+Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexion,<br>
+his aspect something between mild and<br>
+austere, and had a handsome black beard. He<br>
+was a person of very few words, was not easily<br>
+provoked, and was soon appeased.&mdash;Cervantes,<br>
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 1 (1615).<br>
+
+<p>As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of
+French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of
+Spanish and Portuguese romance; but there is this difference&mdash;the tale
+of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with
+Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered
+and overcame in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian romances,
+and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of adventures of
+different heroes, but there is no unity of purpose; each set of
+adventures is complete in itself.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ama'dis of Greece</b>, a supplemental part of <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>, by
+Felicia'no de Silva. There are also several other Amadises&mdash;as Amadis of
+Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are very
+inferior to the original <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The ancient fables, whose relickes doe yet remain,
+namely, <i>Lancelot of the Lake, Pierceforest,
+Tristram, Giron the Courteous</i>, etc., doe beare witnesse
+of this odde vanitie. Herewith were men
+fed for the space of 500 yeeres, untill our language
+growing more polished, and our minds
+more ticklish, they were driven to invent some
+novelties wherewith to delight us. Thus came
+ye bookes of Amadis into light among us in this
+last age.&mdash;Francis de la Noue, <i>Discourses</i>, 87
+(1587).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Amai'mon</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), one of the principal devils. Asmode'us is one
+of his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 <i>Henry IV.</i>
+act ii. sc. 4, and in <i>The Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, act ii. sc. 2.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amal'ahta</b>, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2
+<i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is
+described as a brutal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amalahta
+wished to marry the princess Goer'vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized
+her by force, but was killed in his flight.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, ii. 16
+(1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amalthae'a</b>, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books of
+prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price demanded,
+she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the king, demanded
+the same price for the remaining six. Again the king declined the
+purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the volumes, demanded
+the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin paid the money, and
+Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says that Amalthaea burnt
+the books in the king's presence. Pliny affirms that the original number
+of volumes was only three, two of which the sibyl burnt, and the third
+was purchased by king Tarquin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amalthe'a</b>, a mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid his
+mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the vigilance
+and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by Diodorus Sic'ulus,
+bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his <i>History of the World</i>, I.
+vi. 5) differs from the ordinary story, which makes Sem'el&ecirc; the mother
+of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or Cham, the son of Noah,
+founder of the African race.)</p>
+
+... that Nyseian ile,<br>
+Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham<br>
+(Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove)<br>
+Hid Amalthea and her florid son,<br>
+Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 275 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amanda</b>, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous
+attentions, but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats
+him with contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love,
+also pays attention to Loveless's wife, but she repels his advances with
+indignation, and Loveless, who overhears her, conscious of his own
+shortcomings, resolves to reform his ways, and, &quot;forsaking all other,&quot;
+to remain true to Amanda, &quot;so long as they both should live.&quot;&mdash;Sheridan,
+<i>A Trip to Scarborough</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aman'da</i>, in Thomson's <i>Seasons</i>, is meant for Miss Young, who married
+admiral Campbell.</p>
+
+And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song!<br>
+Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself.<br>
+
+<p>&quot;Spring,&quot; 480, 481 (1728).</p>
+
+<p><i>Amanda</i>, the victim of Peregrine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's
+novel of <i>Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p>
+
+<p><i>Amanda</i>, worldly woman in Julia Ward Howe's poem, <i>Amanda's Inventory</i>,
+who sums up her wealth and honors, and is forced to conclude the list
+with death (1866).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amaran'ta</b>, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly
+loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The
+Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'aranth</b> (<i>Lady</i>), in <i>Wild Oats</i>, by John O'Keefe, a famous part
+of Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amaril'lis</b>, a shepherdess in love with Per'igot (<i>t</i> sounded), but
+Perigot loved Am'oret. In order to break off this affection, Amarillis
+induced &quot;the sullen shepherd&quot; to dip her in &quot;the magic well,&quot; whereby
+she became transformed into the perfect resemblance of her rival, and
+soon effectually disgusted Perigot with her bold and wanton conduct.
+When afterwards he met the true Amoret, he repulsed her, and even
+wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, the trick was discovered by
+Cor'in, &quot;the faithful shepherdess,&quot; and Perigot was married to his true
+love.&mdash;John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherd</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amaryllis</b>, in Spenser's pastoral <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>,
+was the countess of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest
+of the six daughters of sir John Spenser, of Althorpe, ancestor of the
+noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. After the death of the earl,
+the widow married sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal
+(afterwards baron of Ellesmere and viscount Brackley). It was for this
+very lady, during her widowhood, that Milton wrote his <i>Ar'cades</i> (3
+<i>syl</i>.).</p>
+
+No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,<br>
+The honour of the noble family<br>
+Of which I meanest boast myself to be ...<br>
+Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:<br>
+Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,<br>
+The next to her is bountiful Charyllis,<br>
+But th' youngest is the highest in degree.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'asisi</b>, <i>Amosis</i>, or <i>Aah'mes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), founder of the
+eighteenth Egyptian dynasty (B.C. 1610). Lord Brooke attributes to him
+one of the pyramids. The three chief pyramids are usually ascribed to
+Suphis (or Cheops), Sen-Suphis (or Cephren&ecirc;s), and Mencher&ecirc;s, all of the
+fourth dynasty.</p>
+
+Amasis and Cheops how can time forgive.<br>
+Who in their useless pyramids would live?<br>
+
+<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Peace</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amateur</b> (<i>An</i>), Pierce Egan the younger published under this
+pseudonym his <i>Real Life in London</i>, or <i>The Rambles and Adventures of
+Rob Tally-ho, Esq., and his Cousin, the Hon. Tom Dashall, through the
+Metropolis</i> (1821-2).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amaurots</b> (<i>The</i>), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the
+Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly
+routed the invaders.&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ama'via</b>, the personification of Intemperance in grief. Hearing
+that her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by
+the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in quest of him, and found him so
+changed in mind and body she could scarcely recognize him; however, she
+managed by tact to bring him away, but he died on the road, and Amavia
+stabbed herself from excessive grief.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 1
+(1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amazo'na</b>, a fairy, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and
+the Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered
+and became both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'lona a
+bunch of gilly-flowers, which enabled her to pass unrecognized before
+those who knew her well.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;The Princess
+Carpillona,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amazons</b>, a fabled race of women-warriors. It was said that in order
+to use the bow, they cut off one of their breasts.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amber</b>, said to be a concretion of birds' tears, but the birds were
+the sisters of Melea'ger, called Meleag'rid&ecirc;s, who never ceased weeping
+for their dead brother.&mdash;Pliny, <i>Natural History</i>, xxxvii. 2, 11.</p>
+
+Around thee shall glisten the loveliest amber.<br>
+That ever the sorrowing sea-birds have wept.<br>
+
+<p>T. Moore, <i>Fire-Worshippers</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'brose</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil
+Blas the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who
+assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself
+Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil Blas to
+a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his
+portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to find out that the
+house is only a hired lodging.&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, i. 15, 16 (1715).</p>
+
+<p>(This incident is borrowed from Espinel's romance entitled <i>Vida de
+Escudero, marcos de Obregon</i>, 1618.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Am'brose</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a male domestic servant waiting on Miss Seraphine
+and Miss Angelica Arthuret.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George
+II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ambrose (Brother)</i>, a monk who attended the prior Aymer, of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Am'brosius (Father)</i>, abbot of Kennaquhair, is Edward Glendinning,
+brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Avenel). He appears at
+Kinross, disguised as a nobleman's retainer.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i>
+(time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ame'lia</b>, heroine of novel of same name. Young daughter of a German
+inn-keeper, who rises to a high position in society, through native
+merit, graces of mind and person.&mdash;Eliza Leslie (1843).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ame'lia</i>, a model of conjugal affection, in Fielding's novel so called.
+It is said that the character was modelled from his own wife. Dr.
+Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once stopping.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Amelia</i> is perhaps the only book of which,
+being printed off betimes one morning, a new
+edition was called for before night. The character
+of Amelia is the most pleasing heroine of
+all the romances.&mdash;Dr. Johnson.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Ame'lia</i>, in Thomson's <i>Seasons</i>, a beautiful, innocent young woman,
+overtaken by a storm while walking with her troth-plight lover,
+Cel'adon, &quot;with equal virtue formed, and equal grace. Hers the mild
+lustre of the blooming morn, and his the radiance of the risen day.&quot;
+Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, &quot;'Tis safety to be near thee,
+sure;&quot; when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his arms.&mdash;&quot;Summer&quot;
+(1727).</p>
+
+<p><i>Amelia</i>, in Schiller's tragedy of <i>The Robbers</i>.</p>
+
+Or they will learn how generous worth sublimes<br>
+The robber Moor, and pleads for all his crimes;<br>
+How poor Amelia kissed with many a tear<br>
+His hand, blood-stained, but ever, ever dear.<br>
+
+<p>Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).</p>
+
+<p><i>Amelia Bailey</i>, ambitious woman with &quot;literary tastes,&quot; who in pursuit
+of a suitable sphere, marries a rich Californian, and &quot;shines with the
+diamonds her husband has bought, and makes a noise, but it is the blare
+of vulgar ostentation,&quot;&mdash;William Henry Rideing, <i>A Little Upstart</i>
+(1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amelot</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the page of sir Damian de Lacy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'giad</b>, son of Camaralzaman and Badoura, and half-brother of Assad
+(son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Each of the two mothers
+conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young princes
+revolted at their advances, accused them to their father of designs upon
+their honor. Camaralzaman ordered his emir Giondar to put them both to
+death, but as the young men had saved him from a lion he laid no hand on
+them, but told them not to return to their father's dominions. They
+wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both reached the same
+place, which was a city of the Magi. Here, by a strange adventure Amgiad
+was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into a dungeon, where he was
+designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god. Bosta'na, a daughter of the old
+man who imprisoned Assad, released him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made
+her his wife. After which, the king, who was greatly advanced in years,
+appointed him his successor, and Amgiad used his best efforts to
+abolish the worship of fire and establish &quot;the true faith.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;Amgiad and Assad&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'yas</b>, a squire of low degree, beloved by Aemylia. They agreed to
+meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken
+captives&mdash;Amyas by Corflambo, and Aemylia by a man monster. Aemylia was
+released by Belphoeb&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.), who slew &quot;the caitiff;&quot; and Amyas by
+prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. The two lovers were then brought
+together by the prince &quot;in peace and joyous blis.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, iv. 7, 9 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ami'das</b>, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio; the
+former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the wealthy
+Philtra. The two brothers had each an island of equal size and value
+left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island of the
+younger brother, and encroached on that belonging to Bracidas. When
+Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing, she
+forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier; while Lucy, seeing
+herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest attracted
+her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island. It
+was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its contents and
+herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own by right, and
+the question in dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. The wise arbiter
+decided, that whereas Armidas claimed as his own all the additions given
+to his island by the sea, Lucy might claim as her own the chest, because
+the sea had given it to her.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 4 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'iel</b>, in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for sir
+Edward Seymour, Speaker of the House of Commons.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Who can Amiel's praise refuse?</span><br>
+Of ancient race by birth, but nobler yet<br>
+In his own worth, and without title great.<br>
+The sanhedrim long time as chief he ruled,<br>
+Their reason guided, and their passion cooled.<br>
+
+<p>Part i.</p>
+
+<p><b>A'min</b> (<i>Prince</i>), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid; he married
+Am'in&ecirc;, sister of Zobeide (3 <i>syl</i>.), the caliph's wife.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments</i> (&quot;The History of Amine&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><i>Am'ina</i>, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to
+Elvi'no, a rich farmer, but being found the night before the wedding in
+the chamber of count Rodolpho, Elvino rightly refused to marry her. The
+count remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were talking,
+the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along the narrow
+edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly revolving; she
+then crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same chamber. Here
+she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around him so lovingly,
+that all his doubts vanished, and he married her.&mdash;Bellini, <i>La
+Sonnambula</i> (an opera, 1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'ine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), half-sister of Zobei'd&egrave; (3 <i>syl</i>.), and wife of
+Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to purchase a robe, and the
+seller told her he would charge nothing if she would suffer him to kiss
+her cheek. Instead of kissing he bit it, and Amine, being asked by her
+husband how she came by the wound, so shuffled in her answers that he
+commanded her to be put to death, a sentence he afterwards commuted to
+scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories of their lives to
+the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin became reconciled to his wife,
+and the caliph married her half-sister.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights'Entertainments</i>
+(&quot;History of Zobeide and History of Amine&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'ine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Am'ines</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the beautiful wife of
+Sidi Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin
+for the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions.
+This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain on
+what his wife really fed, and to his horror discovered that she was a
+ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the cemetery, and feasted on the
+freshly-buried dead.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;History of Sidi Nouman&quot;).</p>
+
+One of the Amin&ecirc;s' sort, who pick up their<br>
+grains of food with a bodkin.&mdash;O.W. Holmes,<br>
+<i>Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Amin'tor</b>, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia,
+but by the king's command he marries Evad'ne (3 <i>syl</i>.). This is the
+great event of the tragedy of which Amintor is the hero. The sad story
+of Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher,
+<i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p>(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England claimed the feudal
+right of disposing in marriage any one who owed them feudal allegiance.
+In <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>, Shakespeare makes the king of France
+exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count of Rousillon,
+to marry against his will Hel'ena, the physician's daughter.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Amis the Priest</b>, the hero of a comic German epic of the 13th
+century, represented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humor, but
+ignorant and hypocritical. His popularity excites the envy of the
+superior clergy, who seek to depose him from the priesthood by making
+public exposition of his ignorance, but by his quickness at repartee he
+always manages to turn the laugh against them.&mdash;Ascribed to Stricker
+of Austria.</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'let</b> (<i>Richard</i>), the gamester in Vanbrugh's <i>Confederacy</i>
+(1695). He is usually called &quot;Dick.&quot;</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>I saw Miss Pope for the second time, in the
+year 1790, in the character of &quot;Flippanta,&quot; John
+Palmer being &quot;Dick Amlet,&quot; and Mrs. Jordan
+&quot;Corinna.&quot;&mdash;James Smith.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Amlet</i>, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman, mother of <i>Dick</i>, of whom she
+is very proud, although she calls him a &quot;sad scapegrace,&quot; and swears &quot;he
+will be hanged.&quot; At last she settles on him &pound;10,000, and he marries
+Corinna, daughter of Gripe the rich scrivener.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ammo'nian Horn</b> (<i>The</i>), the cornucopia.
+Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to his
+mistress Amalthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a
+tract of land resembling a ram's horn in
+shape, and hence called the &quot;<i>Ammonian</i>
+horn&quot; (from the giver), the &quot;<i>Amalthe'an</i>
+horn&quot; (from the receiver), and the &quot;<i>Hesperian</i>
+horn&quot; (from its locality). Amalthea
+also personifies fertility. (Ammon is Ham,
+son of Noah, founder of the African race.)
+(See AMALTHEA.)</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">[Here] Amalthea pours,</span><br>
+Well pleased, the wealth of that Ammonian horn,<br>
+Her dower.     Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Am'mon's Son.</b> Alexander the Great
+called himself the son of the god Ammon,
+but others call him the son of Philip of
+Macedon.</p>
+
+Of food I think with Philip's son, or rather<br>
+Ammon's (ill pleased with one world and one<br>
+father).<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 31.</span><br>
+
+<p>(Alluding to the tale that when Alexander
+had conquered the whole world, he wept
+that there was no other world to conquer.)</p>
+
+<p><b>A'mon's Son</b> is Rinaldo, eldest son of Amon or Aymon marquis d'Este,
+and nephew of Charlemagne.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'oret</b>, a modest, faithful shepherdess, who plighted her troth to
+Per'igot (<i>t</i> sounded) at the &quot;Virtuous Well.&quot; The wanton shepherdess
+Amarillis, having by enchantment assumed her appearance and dress, so
+disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, that he lost his love for the true
+Amoret, repulsed her with indignation, and tried to kill her. The
+deception was revealed by Cor'in, &quot;the faithful shepherdess,&quot; and the
+lovers being reconciled, were happily married.&mdash;John Fletcher, <i>The
+Faithful Shepherdess</i> (before 1611).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amoret'ta</b> or <b>Am'oret</b>, twin-born with Belphoeb&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.),
+their mother being Chrysog'on&ecirc; (4 <i>syl</i>.). While the mother and her two
+babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoeb&ecirc;) to bring up, and Venus the
+other. Venus committed Amoretta to the charge of Psych&ecirc; (2 <i>syl</i>.), and
+Psych&ecirc; tended her as lovingly as she tended her own daughter Pleasure,
+&quot;to whom she became the companion.&quot; When grown to marriageable estate,
+Amoretta was brought to Fairyland, and wounded many a heart, but gave
+her own only to sir Scudamore (bk. iii. 6). Being seized by Bu'sirane,
+an enchanter, she was kept in durance by him because she would not &quot;her
+true love deny;&quot; but Britomart delivered her and bound the enchanter
+(bk. iii. 11, 12), after which she became the tender, loving wife of sir
+Scudamore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Amoret</i> is the type of female loveliness and wifely affection, soft,
+warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent; not sensual nor yet platonic, but that
+living, breathing, warm-hearted love which fits woman for the fond
+mother and faithful wife.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amour'y</b> (<i>Sir Giles</i>), the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars,
+who conspires with the marquis of Montserrat against Richard I. Saladin
+cuts off the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'phibal</b> (<i>St.</i>), confessor of St. Alban of Verulam. When
+Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled
+down the Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death
+the Christians with unflagging zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and
+offered to die for him.</p>
+
+A thousand other saints whom Amphibal had taught ...<br>
+Were slain where Lichfield is, whose name doth rightly sound<br>
+(There of those Christians slain), &quot;Dead-field&quot; or burying-ground.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amphi'on</b> is said to have built Thebes by the music of his lute.
+Tennyson has a poem called <i>Amphion</i>, a skit and rhyming <i>jeu d'esprit</i>.</p>
+
+Amphion there the loud creating lyre<br>
+Strikes, and behold a sudden Thebes aspire.<br>
+
+<p>Pope, <i>Temple of Fame</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amphis-baena</b>, a reptile which could go head foremost either way,
+because it had a head at each extremity. Milton uses the word in
+<i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 524. (Greek, <i>ampi baino</i>, &quot;I go both ways.&quot;)</p>
+
+The amphis-baena doubly armed appears,<br>
+At either end a threatening head she rears.<br>
+
+<p>Rowe, <i>Pharsalia</i>, ix. 696, etc. (by Lucan).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amphitryon</b>, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'n&ecirc; (3 <i>syl.</i>). While
+Amphitryon was absent at war with Pter'elas, king of the Tel'eboans,
+Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmen&ecirc;, who in due time became
+the mother of Her'cul&ecirc;s. Next day Amphitryon returned, having slain
+Pterelas, and Alcmen&ecirc; was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a
+great entanglement arose, Alcmen&ecirc; telling her husband he visited her
+last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon
+declaring he was with the army. This confusion is still further
+increased by his slave Sos'ia, who went to take to Alcmen&ecirc; the news of
+victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had
+assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out
+whether he was himself or not. This plot has been made a comedy by
+Plautus, Moli&egrave;re, and Dryden.</p>
+
+The scenes which Plautus drew, to-night we show,<br>
+Touched by Moli&egrave;re, by Dryden taught to glow.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Prologue to Hawksworth's version</i>.<br>
+<br>
+
+<p>As an Amphitryon <i>chez qui l'on dine</i>, no one
+knows better than Ouid&agrave; the uses of a <i>recherch&eacute;</i>
+dinner.&mdash;E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>, xix.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Amphitryon</i>&quot;: <i>Le v&eacute;ritable Amphitryon est l'Amphitryon o&ugrave; l'on dine</i>
+(&quot;The master of the feast is the master of the house&quot;). While the
+confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphitryon,
+<i>Socie</i> [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and
+replied&mdash;</p>
+
+Je ne me trompois pas, messieurs; ce mot termine<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Toute l'irr&eacute;solution;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Le v&eacute;ritable Amphitryon</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Est l'Amphitryon o&ugrave; l'on dine.</span><br>
+<br>
+Moli&egrave;re, <i>Amphitryon</i>, iii. 5 (1668).<br>
+
+Demosthenes and Cicero<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are doubtless stately names to hear,</span><br>
+But that of good Amphitryon<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sounds far more pleasant to my ear.</span><br>
+<br>
+M.A. D&eacute;saugiers (1772-1827).<br>
+
+<p><b>Amrah</b>, the faithful woman-servant of the household of Ben-Hur in
+Lew Wallace's novel, <i>Ben-Hur</i>. Through her heroic services, Judah, the
+son, finds the mother and sister from whom he has been so long separated
+(1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'ri</b>, in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called &quot;The Father
+of Equity&quot; (1621-1682).</p>
+
+To whom the double blessing did belong,<br>
+With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.<br>
+
+<p>Part ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amun'deville</b> (<i>Lord Henry</i>), one of the &quot;British privy council.&quot;
+After the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where
+he entertained a select and numerous party, among which were the duchess
+of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, &quot;the Russian envoy.&quot; His wife
+was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70, 71.)&mdash;Byron, <i>Don
+Juan</i>, xiii. to end.</p>
+
+<p><b>Am'urath III.</b>, sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father,
+Selim II., and reigned 1574-1595. His first act was to invite all his
+brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this when
+he says&mdash;</p>
+
+This is the English, not the Turkish court;<br>
+Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,<br>
+But Harry, Harry.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act v. sc. 2 (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amusements of Kings.</b> The great amusement of <i>Ardeltas</i> of Arabia
+Petraea, was currying horses; of <i>Artaba'nus</i> of Persia, was
+mole-catching; of <i>Domitian</i> of Rome, was catching flies; of <i>Ferdinand
+VII.</i>, of Spain, was embroidering petticoats; of <i>Louis XVI.</i>, clock and
+lock making; of <i>George IV.</i>, the game of patience.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amy March</b>, the artist sister in Louisa M. Alcott's <i>Little Women</i>
+(1868).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amy Wentworth</b>, the high-born but contented wife of the &quot;Brown
+Viking of the Fishing-smack,&quot; in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, <i>Amy
+Wentworth</i>.</p>
+
+She sings, and smiling, hears her praise,<br>
+But dreams the while of one<br>
+Who watches from his sea-blown deck<br>
+The ice-bergs in the sun.    (1860.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Amyn'tas</b>, in <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, by Spenser, is
+Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594.</p>
+
+Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn.<br>
+He, whilst he lived, was the noblest swain<br>
+That ever pip&egrave;d on an oaten quill.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).</p>
+
+<p><b>Amyn'tor.</b> (See AMINTOR.)</p>
+
+<p><b>A'mys</b> and <b>Amy'lion</b>, the Damon and Pythias of mediaeval
+romance.&mdash;See Ellis's <i>Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Amytis</b>, the Median queen of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon.
+Beautiful, passionate, and conscienceless, she condemns an innocent
+rival to the worst of fates, without a pang of conscience, and dies a
+violent death at the hands of one who was once her lover.</p>
+
+<p>The gardens were well-watered and dripped luxuriantly.... At this time
+of the morning, Amytis amused herself alone, or with a few favored
+slaves. She dipped through artificial dew and pollen, bloom and
+fountain, like one of the butterflies that circled above her small head,
+or one of the bright cold lizards that crept about her feet. She bathed,
+she ran, she sang, and curled to sleep, and stirred and bathed
+again.&mdash;<i>The Master of the Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and
+Herbert D. Ward (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anacharsis</b> [<b>Clootz</b>]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the
+<i>prenome</i> of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled
+about Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and improve his own
+countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own object
+in life was like that of Anacharsis (1755-1794).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anachronisms.</b> (See ERRORS.)</p>
+
+<p>CHAUCER, in his tale of <i>Troilus</i>, at the siege of Troy, makes Pandarus
+refer to <i>Robin Hood</i>.</p>
+
+And to himselfe ful soberly he saied,<br>
+From hasellwood there jolly Robin plaied.<br>
+
+<p>Book v.</p>
+
+<p>GILES FLETCHER, in <i>Christ's Victory</i>, pt. ii. makes the Tempter seem to
+be &quot;a good old <i>hermit</i> or <i>palmer</i>, travelling to see some <i>saint</i>, and
+<i>telling his beads!!</i>&quot;</p>
+
+<p>LODGE, in <i>The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla</i> (1594), mentions &quot;the
+razor of Palermo&quot; and &quot;St. Paul's steeple,&quot; and introduces Frenchmen who
+&quot;for forty crowns&quot; undertake to poison the Roman consul.</p>
+
+<p>MORGLAY makes Dido tell &AElig;neas that she should have been contented with
+a son, even &quot;if he had been a <i>cockney dandiprat</i>&quot; (1582).</p>
+
+<p>SCHILLER, in his <i>Piccolomini</i>, speaks of <i>lightning conductors</i>. This
+was about 150 years before they were invented.</p>
+
+<p>SHAKESPEAKE, in his <i>Coriolanus</i> (act ii. sc. 1), makes Menenius refer
+to <i>Galen</i> above 600 years before he was born.</p>
+
+<p>Cominius alludes to <i>Roman Plays</i>, but no such things were known for 250
+years after the death of Cominius.&mdash;<i>Coriolanus</i>, act ii. sc. 2.</p>
+
+<p>Brutus refers to the &quot;<i>Marcian Waters</i> brought to Rome by
+Censorinus.&quot; This was not done till 300 years afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Hamlet</i>, the prince Hamlet was educated at <i>Wittemberg School</i>,
+which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo-Germanicus, from whom
+Shakespeare borrowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was thirty years old
+when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2).</p>
+
+<p>In 1 <i>Henry IV.</i>, the carrier complains that &quot;the <i>turkeys</i> in his
+pannier are quite starved&quot; (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from
+America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century after.
+Again in <i>Henry V.</i>, Grower is made to say to Fluellen, &quot;Here comes
+Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock&quot; (act v. sc. 1).</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Julius C&aelig;sar</i>, Brutus says to Cassius, &quot;Peace, count the clock.&quot; To
+which Cassius replies, &quot;The clock has stricken three.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not
+invented till some 1400 years after the death of C&aelig;sar.</p>
+
+<p>VIRGIL places &AElig;neas in the port Velinus, which was made by Curius
+Dentatus.</p>
+
+<p>This list, with very little trouble, might be greatly multiplied. The
+hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and
+places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a few
+examples from Ariosto's great poem, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of
+England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the dukes
+of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by Cymosco
+king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk. vi.). We
+have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not invited over
+by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's death. In bk.
+xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the last three
+books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anac'reon</b>, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch
+that songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C.
+563-478).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anacreon of Painters</i>, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anacreon of the Guillotine</i>, Bertrand Bar&egrave;re de Vieuzac (1755-1841).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anacreon of the Temple</i>, Guillaume Amfrye, abb&eacute; de Chaulieu
+(1639-1720).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anacreon of the Twelfth Century</i>, Walter Mapes, &quot;The Jovial Toper.&quot; His
+famous drinking song, &quot;Meum est prepositum ...&quot; has been translated by
+Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).</p>
+
+<p><i>The French Anacreon</i>. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the &quot;Pleiad poets&quot;
+(1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the <i>Caveau Moderne</i>,
+a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member was of
+necessity a poet (1727-1811).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Persian Anacreon</i>, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is
+called <i>The Divan</i> (1310-1389).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Sicilian Anacreon</i>, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anacreon Moore</b>, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called
+&quot;Anacreon,&quot; from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own
+original anacreontic songs.</p>
+
+Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 104.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anagnus</b>, Inchastity personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus
+(<i>adultery</i>), Pornei'us (<i>fornication</i>), Acath'arus, and Asel'g&ecirc;s
+(<i>lasciviousness</i>), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In the
+battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (<i>wifely
+chastity</i>), the spouse of Encra'tes (<i>temperance</i>) and sister of
+Parthen'ia (<i>maidenly chastity</i>). (Greek, <i>anagnos</i>, &quot;impure.&quot;) (1633.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Anagrams.</b></p>
+
+<p>CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). <i>Claims Arthur's Seat</i>.</p>
+
+<p>DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). <i>Never so
+mad a ladie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>HORATIO NELSON. <i>Honor est a Nilo</i>.</p>
+
+<p>MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). <i>Je charme tout</i> (made by Henri
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p>Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? <i>Est vir qui adest</i>.</p>
+
+<p>SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. <i>You horrid butcher,
+Orton, biggest rascal here.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>A'nah</b>, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet
+loved her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried
+her off to another planet when the Flood came.&mdash;Byron, <i>Heaven and
+Earth</i>.</p>
+
+Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters:<br>
+Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her<br>
+sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one<br>
+loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears<br>
+that her love makes her &quot;heart grow impious,&quot;<br>
+and that she worships the seraph rather than the<br>
+Creator.&mdash;Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton).<br>
+
+<p><b>Anak of Publishers</b>, so John Murray was called by lord Byron
+(1778-1843).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'akim</b> or <b>Anak</b>, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were
+terrible for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they
+themselves were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.</p>
+
+I felt the thews of Anakim,<br>
+The pulses of a Titan's heart.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>In Memoriam</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p>(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war with
+Jupiter or Zeus, 1 <i>syl</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Anamnes'tes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>), the boy who waited on Eumnest&ecirc;s (Memory).
+Eumnest&ecirc;s was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a &quot;man of
+infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held,&quot; but
+when unable to &quot;fet&quot; what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept
+Anamnest&ecirc;s, who sought out for him what &quot;was lost or laid amiss.&quot;
+(Greek, <i>eumn&ecirc;stis</i>, &quot;good memory;&quot; <i>anamne'stis</i>, &quot;research or calling
+up to mind.&quot;)</p>
+
+And oft when things were lost or laid amiss,<br>
+That boy them sought and unto him did lend;<br>
+Therefore the Anamnestes clep&ecirc;d is,<br>
+And that old man Eumnestes.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 9 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anani'as</b>, in <i>The Alchemist</i>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).</p>
+
+<p>(&quot;Wasp&quot; in <i>Bartholomew Fair</i>, &quot;Corbaccio&quot; in <i>The Fox</i>, &quot;Morose&quot; in
+<i>The Silent Woman</i>, all by B. Jonson.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Anarchus</b>, king of the Dipsodes (2 <i>syl</i>.), defeated by Pantag'ruel,
+who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and
+married him to &quot;an old lantern-carrying hag.&quot; The prince gave the
+wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife, being
+a regular termagant, &quot;did beat him like plaster, and the ex-tyrant did
+not dare call his soul his own.&quot;&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 31 (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anasta'sius</b>, the hero of a novel called <i>Memoirs of Anastasius</i>, by
+Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is the
+autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his crimes
+and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long series of
+adventures.</p>
+
+Fiction has but few pictures which will bear<br>
+comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on<br>
+the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his<br>
+dying boy in his arms.&mdash;<i>Encyc. Brit</i>. Art. &quot;Romance.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Anastasius Gr&uuml;n</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Anton Alexander von
+Auersperg, a German poet (1806-1876).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anasterax</b>, brother of Niquee [<i>ne.kay</i>], with whom he lives in
+incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her
+god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.&mdash;<i>Amadis de Gaul</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>An'cho,</b> a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms
+himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese, converses
+with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with terror. The
+Ancho hates church bells.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ancient Mariner</b> (<i>The</i>), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot
+an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are
+visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance; but
+he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to others as
+a warning lesson.</p>
+
+<p><b>An'derson</b> (<i>Eppie</i>), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held
+by Meg Dods.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Andr&eacute;</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Petit-Andr&eacute; and Trois Echelles are the
+executioners of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W.
+Scott, both in <i>Quentin Durward</i> and in <i>Anne of Geierstein</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Andr&eacute;</i>, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant).
+This novel and that called <i>Consuelo</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.) are considered her best
+(1804-1876).</p>
+
+<p><b>Andre'os,</b> Fortitude personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto x.). &quot;None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the
+yielding none more sweetly kind.&quot; (Greek, <i>andria</i> or <i>andreia</i>,
+&quot;manliness.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Andrew</b>, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Andrews</b>, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Andrews (Joseph)</i>, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is a
+footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of
+[Richardson's] &quot;Pamela,&quot; a handsome, model young man.</p>
+
+The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good<br>
+qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the<br>
+dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen<br>
+of the county, and his constancy in refusing<br>
+bribes and temptation, have something refreshing<br>
+in their <i>na&iuml;vet&eacute;</i> and freshness, and prepossess<br>
+one in favor of that handsome young hero.&mdash;Thackeray.<br>
+
+<p><b>Androclus and the Lion.</b> Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who
+took refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to
+pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a
+thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight
+with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same
+lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor,
+and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The
+story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set
+free.</p>
+
+<p>A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English consul
+at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day he went to
+see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one which the
+keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear, than the
+beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered the cage, when
+the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face, wagged its tail,
+and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great duke that he had
+brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became dangerous, and he
+sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he bought it of the same
+man, and the mystery was cleared up.</p>
+
+<p><b>Andromache</b> [<i>An. drom'. a. ky</i>], widow of Hector. At the downfall
+of Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king of
+Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled his
+advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orest&ecirc;s son of Agamemnon,
+arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and put to death,
+lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus
+told Andromach&ecirc; that he would protect her son in defiance of all Greece
+if she would become his wife, and she reluctantly consented thereto.
+While the marriage ceremonies were going on, the ambassadors rushed on
+Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he fell he placed the crown on the head of
+Andromach&ecirc;, who thus became the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors
+hastened to their ships in flight.&mdash;Ambrose Philips, <i>The Distressed
+Mother</i> (1712).</p>
+
+<p><b>Andromeda</b>, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease
+Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus slew
+the monster and made the maiden his wife.</p>
+
+<p><b>Androni'ca,</b> one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+beauty.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Androni'cus</b> (<i>Titus</i>), a noble Roman general against the Goths,
+father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of
+Shakespeare, the word all through is called <i>Andron'icus</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p><i>Marcus Andronicus</i>, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.</p>
+
+<p><b>Androph'ilus</b>, Philanthropy personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by
+Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek,
+<i>Andro-philos</i>, &quot;a lover of mankind.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Andy</b> (<i>Handy</i>), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has
+boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.&mdash;Samuel Lover, <i>Handy Andy</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aneal</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Ma&auml;'ni, who loves Djabal, and
+believes him to be &quot;hakeem'&quot; (the incarnate god and founder of the
+Druses) returned to life for the restoration of the people and their
+return to Syria from exile in the Spo'rad&ecirc;s. When, however, she
+discovers his imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her
+disappointment.&mdash;Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>L'ange de Dieu</i>, Isabeau la belle, the &quot;inspired prophet-child&quot; of the
+Camisards.</p>
+
+<p><b>Angela Messenger</b>, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous
+fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among
+them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in part,
+builds <i>The People's Palace</i>&mdash;or Palace of Delights.&mdash;<i>All Sorts and
+Conditions of Men</i>, by Walter Besant (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Angel'ica</b>, in Bojardo's <i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495), is daughter of
+Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in love
+with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory. Angelica, on
+the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately loves Rinaldo, who
+positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink of certain
+fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their hearts, for
+then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love for Rinaldo.</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelica</i>, in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516), is the same lady, who
+marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro
+succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy and
+pride.</p>
+
+The fairest of her sex, Angelica,<br>
+...Sought by many prowest knights,<br>
+Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iii. (1671).</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelica (The Princess</i>), called &quot;The Lady of the Golden Tower.&quot; The
+loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the
+second part of <i>Parismus Prince of Bohemia</i>, by Emanuel Foord (1598).</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelica</i>, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a time
+he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but Angelica
+gets possession of a bond for &pound;4000, and tears it. The money difficulty
+being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>Love
+for Love</i> (1695).</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and
+playful coquetry, in &quot;Statira&quot; or &quot;Millamant;&quot; and even at an advanced
+age, when she played &quot;Angelica.&quot;&mdash;C. Dibden.</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelica</i>, the troth-plight wife of Val&egrave;re, &quot;the gamester.&quot; She gives
+him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of forfeiting
+her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in disguise is the
+winner of it. After much tribulation, Val&egrave;re is cured of his vice, and
+the two are happily united by marriage.&mdash;Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Gamester</i>
+(1705).</p>
+
+<p><b>Angeli'na</b>, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called <i>The Elder
+Brother</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelina</i>, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry
+Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a
+bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried to
+Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search of
+them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to Elvira
+of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of Angelina
+with Carlos.&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>Love Makes a Man</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Angelique' (3 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>. Her
+lover is Cl&eacute;ante (2 <i>syl.</i>). In order to prove whether his wife or
+daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon the
+wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a &quot;disgusting creature,&quot;
+hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her heart would
+break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed to devote the
+rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul. Argan, being
+assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to her marriage
+with Cl&eacute;ante.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p>
+
+<p><i>Angelique</i>, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French commoner.
+She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives to turn the
+tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a rendezvous from
+one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays the affair before M.
+and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The baron with George Dandin
+call on the lover, who denies the accusation, and George Dandin has to
+beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife and Clitandre together,
+and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville; but Angelique, aware of
+their presence, pretends to denounce her lover, and even takes up a
+stick to beat him for the &quot;insult offered to a virtuous wife;&quot; so again
+the parents declare their daughter to be the very paragon of women.
+Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and Clitandre together at
+night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife out of her room; but
+Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when George goes for a light
+to look for the body, she rushes into her room and shuts him out. At
+this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique accuses her husband of
+being out all night in a debauch; and he is made to beg her pardon on
+his knees.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>George Dandin</i> (1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'gelo</b>, in <i>Measure for Measure</i>, lord deputy of Vienna in the
+absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord
+Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio, but his
+designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry
+Mariana.&mdash;Shakespeare (1603).</p>
+
+<p><i>An'gelo</i>, a gentleman friend to Julio in <i>The Captain</i>, a drama by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Angels</b> (<i>Orders of</i>). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the
+angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the
+<i>first</i> circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the <i>second</i> circle; Virtues,
+Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the <i>third</i> circle.</p>
+
+Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet<br>
+esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos,<br>
+Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus,<br>
+Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.&mdash;St.<br>
+Gregory the Great, <i>Homily</i> 34.<br>
+
+<p>(See <i>Hymns Ancient and Modern</i>, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Anger ... the Alphabet.</b> It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised
+Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to
+anger.</p>
+
+Un certain Grec disait &agrave; l'empereur Auguste,<br>
+Comme une instruction utile autant que juste,<br>
+Que, lorsqu' une aventure en col&egrave;re nous met,<br>
+Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet,<br>
+Afin que dans ce temps la bile se temp&egrave;re,<br>
+Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire.<br>
+
+<p>Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'&Eacute;cole des Femmes</i>, ii. 4 (1662).</p>
+
+<p><b>Angioli'na</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young
+wife of Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel
+Steno, having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the
+great civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by
+order of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against
+the dogaressa. This insult was referred to &quot;The Forty,&quot; and Steno was
+sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a very
+inadequate punishment for the offence.&mdash;Byron, <i>Marino Faliero</i>.</p>
+
+The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina<br>
+is developed most admirably. The great<br>
+difference between her temper and that of her<br>
+fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less<br>
+vividly touched is that strong bond of union<br>
+which exists in the common nobleness of their<br>
+deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in<br>
+the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the<br>
+fervor of youthful passion in his young wife;<br>
+but he finds what is far better&mdash;the fearless confidence<br>
+of one so innocent that she can scarcely<br>
+believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks<br>
+Steno's greatest punishment will be &quot;the blushes<br>
+of his privacy.&quot;&mdash;Lockhart.<br>
+
+<p><b>Anglan'te's Lord,</b> Orlando, who was lord of Anglant&ecirc; and knight of
+Brava.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'glides</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 <i>syl</i>.),
+brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall (&quot;the falsest traitor that ever was
+born&quot;). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son Alisaunder
+made their escape to Magounce (<i>i.e. Arundel</i>), where she lived in
+peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor of
+knighthood.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>Hist, of Pr. Arthur</i>, ii. 117, 118 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'guisant,</b> king of Erin (<i>Ireland</i>), subdued by king Arthur
+fighting in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;
+Tennyson, <i>Coming of King Arthur</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Angule</b> (<i>St.</i>), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus
+Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.</p>
+
+St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men,<br>
+At London, of that see the godly bishop then.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Angurva'del,</b> Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters,
+which blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anice,</b> the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart,
+from his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, <i>An Echo of Passion</i>
+(1882).</p>
+
+<p><b>Animula</b>, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a
+microscope of extraordinary and inconceivable power.&mdash;<i>The Diamond
+Lens</i>, by Fitz-James O'Brien (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anjou</b> (<i>The Fair Maid of</i>), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married
+David earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a
+kinswoman of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen
+Berengaria.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in <i>The
+Talisman</i> (1825).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ann</b> (<i>The princess</i>), lady of Beaujeu.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ann</i> (<i>The Lady</i>), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, <i>The Lady
+Ann</i>, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband (1868).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anna</b> (<i>Donna</i>), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by
+don Giovanni.&mdash;Mozart's opera, <i>Don Giovanni</i> (1787).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'nabel,</b> in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by</p>
+
+<p>Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott
+(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her
+faithless husband.</p>
+
+With secret joy indulgent David [<i>Charles II</i>.]<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">viewed</span><br>
+His youthful image in his son renewed;<br>
+To all his wishes nothing he denied,<br>
+And made the charming Annabel his bride.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 16.5em;">Part i.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Annabel Lee.</b> Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be a
+loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of
+consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847.</p>
+
+The angels, not half so happy in heaven<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Went envying her and me;</span><br>
+Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In this kingdom by the sea)</span><br>
+That the wind came out of the cloud by night,<br>
+Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Anna Pastorius,</b> wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, <i>The
+Pennsylvania Pilgrim</i>. At his cry &quot;Help! for the good man faileth!&quot; she
+points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as &quot;the
+century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom,&quot; love and patience will soon
+or late conquer wrong (1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'naple</b> [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's &quot;monthly&quot; nurse.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>An'naple</i>, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young
+farmer.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anne</b> (<i>Sister</i>), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife
+of Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the
+locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister Anne
+ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing her
+brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her agony,
+keeps asking &quot;sister Anne&quot; if she can see them, and Blue Beard keeps
+crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience of both
+is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from
+death.&mdash;Charles Perrault, <i>La Barbe Bleue</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Anne</i>, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon,
+and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorlo&iuml;s. She was given by her brother in
+marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of
+Norway.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, viii. 20, 21.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse
+(<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent
+(<i>Gareth and Lynette</i>). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king
+of Orkney.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anne Catherick,</b> half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura
+Fairlie, to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance
+suggests to the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead
+body as that of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the
+latter.&mdash;<i>The Woman in White</i>, by Wilkie Collins (1865).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anne Douglas,</b> heroine of <i>Anne</i>, a novel by Constance Fenimore
+Woolson (1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich.</p>
+
+<p><b>Annette,</b> daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian,
+captain of the patrol.&mdash;J.E. Ware, <i>The Polish Jew</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Annette and Lublin,</b> by Marmontel, imitated from the <i>Daphnis and
+Chloe</i> of Longos (<i>q.v.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Annie Kilburn,</b> the conscientious heiress who returns to a New
+England homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her
+duty in the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale,
+pretty, and not youthful except in heart.&mdash;<i>Annie Kilburn</i>, by William
+Dean Howells (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'nie Lau'rie,</b> eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Laurie,
+of Maxwelton. In 1709 she married James Fergusson, of Craigdarroch, and
+was the mother of Alexander Fergusson, the hero of Burns's song <i>The
+Whistle</i>. The song of <i>Annie Laurie</i> was written by William Douglas, of
+Fingland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song <i>Willie
+was a Wanton Wag</i>. (See WHISTLE.)</p>
+
+<p>Bayard Taylor has used the ballad with thrilling effect in his poem <i>The
+Song of the Camp</i>.</p>
+
+They sang of love, and not of fame,<br>
+Forgot was Britain's glory,<br>
+Each heart recalled a different name,<br>
+But all sang &quot;Annie Laurie.&quot;<br>
+Voice after voice caught up the song<br>
+Until its tender passion<br>
+Rose, like an anthem, rich and strong,<br>
+Their battle-eve confession.<br>
+<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+<br>
+Dear girl! her name he dared not speak,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as the song grew louder,</span><br>
+Something upon the soldier's cheek<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Washed off the stain of powder.</span><br>
+<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<p><b>An'nie Win'nie,</b> one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death; the
+other was Ailsie Gourlay.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i>
+(time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Annir,</b> king of Inis-thona (an island of Scandinavia). He had two
+sons (Argon and Ruro) and one daughter. One day Cor'malo, a neighboring
+chief, came and begged the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the
+request, and overthrew him, which so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he
+shot both the brothers secretly with his bow. Their dog Runa ran to the
+palace, and howled so as to attract attention; whereupon Annir followed
+the hound, and found both his sons dead, and on his return he further
+found that Cormalo had carried off his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian,
+led an army against the villain, and slew him; then liberating the young
+lady, he took her back to Inis-thona, and delivered her to her
+father.&mdash;<i>Ossian</i> (&quot;The War of Inis-thona&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'nophel,</b> daughter of Cas'silane (3 <i>syl</i>.) general of
+Candy.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anselm</b>, prior of St. Dominic, the confessor of king Henry IV.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anselme</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.)<b>,</b> father of Val&egrave;re (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Mariane (3
+<i>syl</i>.). In reality he is don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. The family
+were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked
+were all parted. Val&egrave;re was picked up by a Spanish captain, who adopted
+him; Mariane fell into the hands of a corsair, who kept her a captive
+for ten years, when she effected her escape; and Anselme wandered from
+place to place for ten years, when he settled in Paris, and intended to
+marry. At the expiration of sixteen years they all met in Paris at the
+house of Har'pagon, the miser. Val&egrave;re was in love with Elise (2 <i>syl</i>.),
+the miser's daughter, promised by Harpagon in marriage to Anselme; and
+Mariane, affianced to the miser's son Cl&eacute;ante (2 <i>syl</i>.), was sought in
+marriage by Harpagon, the old father. As soon as Anselme discovered that
+Val&egrave;re and Mariane were his own children, matters were soon amicably
+arranged, the young people married, and the old ones retired from the
+unequal contest.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anselmo,</b> a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Lothario.
+Anselmo married Camilla, and induced his friend to try to corrupt her,
+that he might rejoice in her incorruptible fidelity. Lothario
+unwillingly undertook the task, and succeeded but too well. For a time
+Anselmo was deceived, but at length Camilla eloped, and the end of the
+silly affair was that Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in
+battle, and Camilla died in a convent.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv.
+5, 6; <i>Fatal Curiosity</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'ster</b> (<i>Hob</i>)<b>,</b> a constable at Kinross village.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anstiss Dolbeare,</b> heroine of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney's novel,
+<i>Hitherto</i>, a sensitive, imaginative, morbid, motherless girl who is
+&quot;all the time holding up her soul ... with a thorn in it&quot; (1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antae'os,</b> a gigantic wrestler of Libya (or <i>Irassa</i>). His strength
+was inexhaustible so long as he touched the earth, and was renewed every
+time he did touch it. Her'cul&eacute;s killed him by lifting him up from the
+earth and squeezing him to death. (See MALEGER.)</p>
+
+As when earth's son Antaeus ... in Irassa strove<br>
+With Jove's Alcid&ecirc;s, and oft foiled, still rose,<br>
+Receiving from his mother earth new strength,<br>
+Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined,<br>
+Throttled at length in the air, expired and fell.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Regained</i>, iv. (563).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Similarly, when Bernardo del Carpio
+assailed Orlando or Rolando at Roncesvall&ecirc;s, as he found his body was
+not to be pierced by any instrument of war, he took him up in his arms
+and squeezed him to death.</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ante'nor,</b> a traitorous Trojan prince, related to Priam. He advised
+Ulyss&ecirc;s to carry away the palladium from Troy, and when the wooden horse
+was built it was Antenor who urged the Trojans to make a breach in the
+wall and drag the horse into the city.&mdash;Shakespeare has introduced him
+in <i>Troilus and Cressida</i> (1602).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anthea,</b> beautiful woman to whom Herrick addresses several poems.</p>
+
+<p><b>Anthi'a,</b> the lady beloved by Abroc'omas in the Greek romance called
+<i>De Amoribus Anthiae et Abrocomae</i>, by Xenophon of Ephesus, who lived in
+the fourth Christian century. (This is not Xenophon the historian, who
+lived B.C. 444-359.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Anthonio,</b> &quot;the merchant of Venice,&quot; in Shakespeare's drama so
+called (1598). Anthonio borrows of Shylock, a Jew, 3000 ducats for three
+months, to lend to his friend Bassanio. The conditions of the loan were
+these: if the money was paid within the time, only the principal should
+be returned; but if not, the Jew should be allowed to cut from
+Anthonio's body &quot;a pound of flesh.&quot; As the ships of Anthonio were
+delayed by contrary winds, he was unable to pay within the three months,
+and Shylock demanded the forfeiture according to the bond. Portia, in
+the dress of a law-doctor, conducted the case, and when the Jew was
+about to cut the flesh, stopped him, saying&mdash;(1) the bond gave him no
+drop of blood; and (2) he must take neither more nor less than an exact
+pound. If he shed one drop of blood or if he cut more or less than an
+exact pound, his life would be forfeit. As it was quite impossible to
+comply with these restrictions, the Jew was nonsuited, and had to pay a
+heavy fine for seeking the life of a citizen.</p>
+
+<p><i>Antho'nio</i>, the ursuping duke of Milan, and brother of Pros'pero (the
+rightful duke, and father of Miranda).&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Tempest</i>
+(1609).</p>
+
+<p><i>Antho'nio</i>, father of Protheus, and suitor of Julia.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The
+Two Gentlemen of Verona</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>An'thony,</b> an English archer in the cottage of farmer Dickson, of
+Douglasdale.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>An'thony</i>, the old postillion at Meg Dods's, the landlady of the inn at
+St. Ronan's Well.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antid'ius,</b> bishop of Jaen, martyred by the Vandals in 411. One day,
+seeing the devil writing in his pocket-book some sin committed by the
+pope, he jumped upon his back and commanded his Satanic majesty to carry
+him to Rome. The devil tried to make the bishop pronounce the name of
+Jesus, which would break the spell, and then the devil would have tossed
+his unwelcome burden into the sea, but the bishop only cried, &quot;Gee up,
+devil!&quot; and when he reached Rome he was covered with Alpine snow. The
+chronicler na&iuml;vely adds, &quot;the hat is still shown at Rome in confirmation
+of this miracle.&quot;&mdash;<i>General Chronicle of King Alphonso the Wise</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Antig'one</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>)<b>,</b> daughter of Oe'dipos and Jocas't&ecirc;, a
+noble maiden, with a truly heroic attachment to her father and brothers.
+When Oedipos had blinded himself, and was obliged to quit Thebes,
+Antigon&ecirc; accompanied him, and remained with him till his death, when she
+returned to Thebes. Creon, the king, had forbidden any one to bury
+Polyni'c&ecirc;s, her brother, who had been slain by his elder brother in
+battle; but Antigon&ecirc;, in defiance of this prohibition, buried the dead
+body, and Creon shut her up in a vault under ground, where she killed
+herself. Haemon, her lover, killed himself also by her side. Sophocl&ecirc;s
+has a Greek tragedy on the subject, and it has been dramatized for the
+English stage.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Modern Antigon&ecirc;</i>, Mari&egrave; Ther&egrave;se Charlotte duchesse d'Angouleme,
+daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette (1778-1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antig'onus</b>, a Sicilian lord, commanded by king Leont&ecirc;s to take his
+infant daughter to a desert shore and leave her to perish. Antigonus was
+driven by a storm to the coast of Bohemia, where he left the babe; but
+on his way back to the ship, he was torn to pieces by a
+bear.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p>
+
+<p><i>Antig'onus (King)</i>, an old man with a young man's amorous passions. He
+is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of
+Alexander the Great.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i>
+(1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antin'ous</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted
+for his beauty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Antin'ous</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), son of Cas'silane (3 <i>syl</i>.) general of Candy,
+and brother of An'no-phel, in <i>The Laws of Candy</i> a drama by Beaumont
+and Fletcher (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anti'ochus</b>, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'icl&ecirc;s
+prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Pericles Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anti'ope</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 <i>syl</i>.), for whom
+Telem'achus had a <i>tendresse</i>. Mentor approved his choice, and assured
+Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms
+were &quot;the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence, and
+her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some other
+useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household affairs, her
+contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own beauty,&quot;
+Telemachus says, &quot;She encourages to industry by her example, sweetens
+labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of painters in the
+elegance of her embroidery.&quot;&mdash;F&eacute;nelon, <i>T&eacute;l&eacute;maque</i>, xxii. (1700).</p>
+
+<p>He [<i>Paul</i>] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope with
+the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.&mdash;Bernardin de St.
+Pierre, <i>Paul and Virginia</i> (1788).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antiph'olus,</b> the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on,
+a merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy,
+and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to Syracuse,
+and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service of the duke,
+and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life, became a great man
+and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going in search of his
+brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders occurs from the
+wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their two servants called
+Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the Ephesian is taken up as
+a madman. It so happened that both brothers appeared before the duke at
+the same time; and the extraordinary likeness being seen by all, the
+cause of the blunders was evident, and everything was satisfactorily
+explained.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anton</b> (<i>Sir</i>). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an
+infant, to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up
+as their own son. This does not correspond with the <i>History of
+Prince Arthur</i>, which states that he was committed to the care of sir
+Ector and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called
+the prince's foster-brother. The <i>History</i> furthermore states that
+Arthur made sir Key his seneschal <i>because</i> he was his foster-brother.</p>
+
+So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he<br>
+bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy<br>
+man christen him, and named him &quot;Arthur.&quot;<br>
+And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her<br>
+own breast.&mdash;Part i. 3.<br>
+<br>
+So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him<br>
+rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that<br>
+was his nourished brother.&mdash;Ditto.<br>
+<br>
+&quot;Sir,&quot; said sir Ector, &quot;I will ask no more of<br>
+you but that you will make my son, sir Key,<br>
+your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands.&quot;<br>
+&quot;That shall be done,&quot; said Arthur (ch. 4).&mdash;Sir<br>
+T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (1470).<br>
+
+<p><i>Anton</i>, one of Henry Smith's men in <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>, by sir W.
+Scott (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Anto'nio</b>, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola,
+when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i>
+(1614).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anto'nio</i>, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W.
+Scott's <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anto'nio</i>, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor of
+Bologna.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Chances</i> (a comedy, before 1621).</p>
+
+<p><i>Antonio (Don)</i>, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb; a
+testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his birthright
+in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends Angelina to be
+married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and elopes with
+Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth to Elvira of
+Lisbon.&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>Love Makes a Man</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Antonio (Don)</i>, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of
+Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The Duenna</i>
+(1778).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antonomas'ia</b> <i>(The princess</i>), daughter of Archipiela, king of
+Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant
+Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey, and
+her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote mounted
+the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the lady and her
+husband, and this he effected &quot;simply by making the
+attempt.&quot;&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Antony</b> <i>(Saint)</i> lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in
+Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Old St. Antonius from the hell</span><br>
+Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends<br>
+In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque<br>
+Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene,<br>
+Crowd in broad day before his open eyes.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xvi. (1814).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>An'tony and C&aelig;sar.</b> Macbeth says that &quot;under Banquo his own genius
+was rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by C&aelig;sar&quot;
+(act iii. sc. 1), and in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> this passage is
+elucidated thus&mdash;</p>
+
+Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is<br>
+Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable,<br>
+Where C&aelig;sar's is not; but near him thy angel<br>
+Becomes a fear, as being overpowered.<br>
+<br>
+Act ii. sc. 3.<br>
+
+<p><b>Anvil</b> (<i>The Literary</i>). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the
+hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aodh</b>, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island
+south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having
+landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in chains of
+iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the &quot;treasures
+were concealed.&quot; A mysterious figure now appeared, which not only
+released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the statue of St.
+Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death. After this the
+&quot;saint&quot; gathered the remnant of the islanders together, and went to
+Ireland.&mdash;Campbell, <i>Reullura</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ape</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of
+<i>Vanity Fair</i>. Dr. Johnson says &quot;<i>to ape</i> is to imitate ludicrously;&quot;
+whence the adoption of the name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Apel'les and the Cobbler.</b> A cobbler found fault with the
+shoe-latchet of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the
+fault. The cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to
+criticise the legs; but Apelles said, <i>Ne sutor ultra crepidam</i> (&quot;Let
+not the cobbler go beyond his last&quot;).</p>
+
+<p>Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where
+Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.&mdash;<i>Encyc. Brit.</i>, Art.
+&quot;Romance.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Apelles</i>. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea (hung
+by Augustus in the temple of Julius C&aelig;sar) was greatly injured by time,
+Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus by Apelles is
+called &quot;Venus Anadyom'-en&ecirc;,&quot; his model (according to tradition) being
+Campasp&ecirc; (afterwards his wife).</p>
+
+<p><b>Apeman'tus,</b> a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men
+systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when
+Timon attacked him with his own weapons.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Timon of Athens</i>
+(1600).</p>
+
+<p>Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus,
+contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.&mdash;Sir W. Scott.</p>
+
+<p><b>Apic'ius,</b> an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on
+the ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent &pound;800,000 in supplying
+the delicacies of the table, and having only &pound;80,000 left, he hanged
+himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched pittance.
+<i>Apicia</i>, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and sauces, and
+his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.</p>
+
+<p>There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a
+cooking book and manual of sauces.</p>
+
+<p>No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and Apicius
+would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight whole boars
+for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have
+done.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i>, i. 1 (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Apollo,</b> son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty.
+He is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom
+and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of
+poetry, music, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Apollo Belvidere</i>, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere
+gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium,
+and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of
+Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Apollo of Actium</i> was a gigantic statue, which served for a beacon.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Apollo of Rhodes</i>, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic
+bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Char&ecirc;s, a pupil of Lysippus, and
+set up B.C. 300.</p>
+
+<p><i>Animals consecrated to Apollo</i>, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper,
+the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.</p>
+
+<p><b>Apoll'yon</b>, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his
+<i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a
+severe contest, he is foiled (1678).</p>
+
+<p><b>Apostle</b> <i>or Patron Saint of</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.<br>
+ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829).<br>
+ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20.<br>
+ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730).<br>
+ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331).<br>
+CAGLIARI (<i>Sardinia</i>), St. Efisio.<br>
+CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14.<br>
+ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290).<br>
+ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.<br>
+FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8.<br>
+FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865).<br>
+FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9.<br>
+FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738).<br>
+GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397).<br>
+GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25.<br>
+GEORGIA, St. Nino.<br>
+GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5.<br>
+HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9.<br>
+HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22.<br>
+INDIANS, Bartolom&eacute; de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690).<br>
+INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3.<br>
+INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778).<br>
+IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17.<br>
+LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826).<br>
+LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29.<br>
+NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679).<br>
+NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).<br>
+
+<p>Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve
+(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his
+missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian. Scottish
+Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity is) Cer&ecirc;s.
+Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain, St. James the
+Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father Mathew
+(1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew Justiniani. St.
+Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales, St. David
+(480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus, bishop of York
+(597-644).</p>
+
+<p><b>Apostolic Fathers</b> (<i>The Five</i>): Clement
+of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas, Igna'tius,
+and Polycarp. All contemporary with the
+Apostles.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ap'petizer.</b> A Scotchman being told
+that the birds called kittiewiaks were admirable
+appetizers, ate six of them, and
+then complained &quot;he was no hungrier than
+he was before.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Aquarius, Sagittarius.</b> Mrs. Browning
+says that &quot;Aquarius&quot; is a symbol of
+man <i>bearing</i>, and &quot;Sagittarius&quot; of man <i>combatting</i>.
+The passive and active forms of
+human labor.</p>
+
+<i>Eve</i>. Two phantasms of two men.<br>
+<i>Adam</i>. One that sustains,<br>
+And one that strives, so the ends<br>
+Of manhood's curse of labor.<br>
+
+<p>E. B. Browning, <i>A Drama of Exile</i> (1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>A'quilant,</b> son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in
+Charlemagne's army. He was called &quot;<i>black</i>,&quot; and his brother Gryphon
+&quot;<i>white</i>&quot; from the color of their armor.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>A'quiline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the
+wind.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, vii. (1575).</p>
+
+<p>(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares &quot;with
+open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth
+prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the
+wondrous offspring.&quot;&mdash;See also Virgil, <i>Georgics</i>, in. 266-283.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Aquin'ian Sage.</b> Juvenal is so called, because he was born at
+Aqui'num, in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arabel'la</b>, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day.
+Abel Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but
+she confers both with right good will on captain Manly.&mdash;T. Knight, <i>The
+Honest Thieves</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ara'bia Fe'lix</b> (&quot;<i>Araby the blest</i>&quot;). This name is a blunder made
+by British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of
+India bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ara'bian Bird</b> (<i>The</i>), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one <i>sui
+generis</i>.</p>
+
+O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, act iii. sc. 2.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arach'ne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a spider, a weaver. &quot;Arachn&ecirc;'s labors,&quot;
+spinning or weaving. Arachn&ecirc; was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva
+to compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a
+spider.</p>
+
+No orifice for a point<br>
+As subtle as Arachn&ecirc;'s broken woof<br>
+To enter.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and Cressida</i>, act v. sc. 2 (1602).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aragnol</b>, the son of Arachn&ecirc; (the &quot;most fine-fingered of all
+workmen,&quot; turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to
+a contest in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred
+against prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a
+curious net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his
+death-wound by piercing him under the left wing.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Muiopotmos
+or The Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aramin'ta,</b> the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of
+Gripe the scrivener).&mdash;Sir John Vanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aranza</b> (<i>The duke of</i>). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of
+Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after the
+marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and
+pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives
+his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but
+firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke sees
+that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and reveals
+to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of Aranza.&mdash;J.
+Tobin, <i>The Honeymoon</i> (1804).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'aphil</b> or <b>Ar'aphill,</b> the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington.
+His lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aras'pes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arba'ces</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called <i>A King
+or no King</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arbate</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Moli&egrave;re's
+comedy <i>La Princesse d'Elide</i> (1664). In his speech to &quot;Euryle&quot; prince
+of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis
+XIV., then 26 years of age.</p>
+
+Je dirai que l'amour sied bien &agrave; vos pareil ...<br>
+Et qu'il est malais&eacute; que, sans etre amoureux<br>
+Un jeune prince soit et grand et g&eacute;n&eacute;reux.<br>
+<br>
+Act i. 1.<br>
+
+<p><i>Arbate</i>, in Racine's drama of <i>Mithridate</i> (1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'biter El'iganti&aelig;.</b> C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief
+of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was
+considered <i>comme il faut</i> till it had received the sanction of this
+Roman <i>beau Brummel</i>.</p>
+
+Behold the new Petronius of the day,<br>
+The arbiter of pleasure and of play.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>English Bards and Scottish Reviewers</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Arbre Sol</b> foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of
+Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of Alexander.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arbutus</b>, sturdy yeoman usually known as &quot;Bute,&quot; in Bayard Taylor's
+novel <i>Hannah Thurston.</i> Rugged and sound as the New England granite
+underlying the farm he tills.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arc</b> <i>(Joan of)</i>, or <i>Jeanne la Pucelle</i>, the &quot;Maid of Orleans,&quot;
+daughter of a rustic of Domr&eacute;my, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was
+servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France from
+the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was sent by
+him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in so doing.
+Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an elegy on
+her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire a
+burlesque.</p>
+
+<p>In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepi&egrave;re, in his <i>Doute Historique</i>,
+denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at Rouen; and
+Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the &quot;contract of marriage
+between&quot; Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc, surnamed &quot;The
+Maid of Orleans.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'cades Ambo</b>, both fools alike; both &quot;sweet innocents;&quot; both alike
+eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis
+(Virgil's <i>Eclogue</i>, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application of
+the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both &quot;in the flower of their
+youth,&quot; and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for song or
+capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least intellectual
+part of Greece, an &quot;Arcadian&quot; came to signify a dunce, and hence
+&quot;Arcades ambo&quot; received its present acceptation.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arcala'us</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a
+pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his
+horse's bridle.&mdash;<i>Amadis de Gaul</i> (fifteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arca'nes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3
+<i>syl</i>.) general of Candy.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Laws of Candy</i>
+(1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Archan'gel.</b> Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell &quot;the
+archangel that did battle with the devil.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Archas</b>, &quot;the loyal subject&quot; of the great duke of Moscovia, and
+general of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore.</p>
+
+<p><i>Young Archas</i>, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes the
+name of Alinda.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>Archbsh'op of Grana'da</b> told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired
+him,</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius
+flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own
+judgment, which may be seduced by self-love.&quot; After a fit of apoplexy,
+Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace that
+&quot;his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former ones.&quot;
+To this the archbishop replied, &quot;You are yet too raw to make proper
+distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better homily than
+that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to give you 100 ducats.
+Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of prosperity, with a little
+more taste.&quot;&mdash;Le-sage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 3 (1715).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'cher</b> (<i>Francis</i>), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in
+fortune-hunting. These are the two &quot;beaux.&quot; Thomas viscount Aimwell
+marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the deeds
+and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman, who takes
+his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.&mdash;George Farquhar, <i>The
+Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Archibald</b> (<i>John</i>), attendant on the duke of Argyle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Archima'go</b>, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father
+of lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight,
+he deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight
+himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen.</i> The poet says:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... he could take</span><br>
+As many forms and shapes in seeming wise<br>
+As ever Proteus to himself could make:<br>
+Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake,<br>
+Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>The Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, I. ii. 10 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Archimedes,</b> Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other
+great scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an
+abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he leaped out
+of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting, &quot;<i>Eureka!</i>&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'chy M'Sar'casm</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, &quot;a proud Caledonian knight, whose
+tongue, like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His
+insolence of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of
+every one&quot; (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, &quot;In the house of M'Sarcasm
+are two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two
+dukes, besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning&quot; (i. 1). He makes
+love to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has
+lost her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters
+&quot;frae the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ...
+expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi'
+onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house&quot; (ii. 1).</p>
+
+<p>The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His abominable
+Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff, the roll of
+his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman laugh, his
+tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether&mdash;why, one might take him
+for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.&mdash;C. Macklin, <i>Love &agrave;-la-mode</i>,
+i. 1 (1779).</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Archy's Great-grandmother.</i> Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on
+fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The
+Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, &quot;an ootcast, a
+mere ootcast.&quot; The Irishman retorted by saying that &quot;one Mac Fergus
+O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with his
+own hands.&quot; Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause of the
+contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, &quot;Madam, it is about sir
+Archy's great-grandmother.&quot;&mdash;C. Macklin, <i>Love &agrave;-la-mode</i>, i. I (1779).</p>
+
+<p>We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's
+great-grandmother.&mdash;Maepherson, <i>Dissertation upon Ossian</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Archy'tas</b> of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and
+Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from Koenigsberg
+to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned whence it set out
+(1436-1476).</p>
+
+<p>This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which Archytas
+made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.&mdash;Dr. John Wilkins
+(1614-1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'cite</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.) <b>and Pal'amon,</b> two Theban knights, captives
+of duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's
+sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell
+in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended
+for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being thrown from
+his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of Palamon.&mdash;Chaucer,
+<i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;The Knight's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p>Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled <i>Palamon and Arcite</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'den</b> <i>(Enoch)</i>, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a
+seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence of
+several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her both
+happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic peace, so
+leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'den of Fev'ersliam,</b> a noble character, honorable, forgiving,
+affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him
+her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she will
+never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise when she
+plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned street-scuffle,
+Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws him off his guard.
+Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to his house, but Mosby
+conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his host during a game of
+draughts, the right moment being signified by Mosby's saying, &quot;Now I
+take you.&quot; Arden is murdered; but the whole gang is apprehended and
+brought to justice.</p>
+
+<p>(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig Tieck
+has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of
+Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb
+gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is
+unknown.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Areous'ki</b>, the Indian war-god, war, tumult.</p>
+
+<p>A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, <i>Gertrude of Wyoming</i>, i,
+16 (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arethu'sa,</b> daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called
+<i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies a-bleeding</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1638).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arethusa</i>, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into a
+fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued her,
+and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, &quot;like friends once
+parted grown single-hearted,&quot; they leap and flow and slumber together,
+&quot;like spirits that love but live no more.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by Percy B.
+Shelley (<i>Arethusa</i>, 1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Argali'a,</b> brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'gan,</b> the <i>malade imaginaire</i> and father of Angelique. He is
+introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he
+cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices that
+he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is not so
+well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a young
+doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that Argan
+himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies he has
+not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is overruled
+by investing the &quot;malade&quot; in a doctor's cap and robe. The piece
+concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he
+ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, &quot;Six, huit, dix, etc., par
+les nombres pairs, comme dans les m&eacute;dicaments par les nombres
+impairs.&quot;&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i>, ii. 9 (1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Argan'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a giantess called &quot;the very monster and
+miracle of lust.&quot; She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were
+the children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argant&egrave; used to carry off young men
+as her captives, and seized &quot;the Squire of Dames&quot; as one of her victims.
+The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of chastity), was
+delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. 7
+(1590).</p>
+
+<p><i>Argante</i>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), father of Octave (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Zerbinette (3
+<i>syl</i>.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2
+<i>syl</i>.), the son of his friend G&eacute;ronte (2 <i>syl</i>.); but during his
+absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their respective
+fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the engagement,
+but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that the choice of
+the young people has unknowingly coincided with their own.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re,
+<i>Les Fourteries de Scapin</i> (1671).</p>
+
+<p>(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called it
+<i>The Cheats of Scapin</i>. &quot;Argante&quot; he calls <i>Thrifty</i>; &quot;G&eacute;ronte&quot; is
+<i>Gripe</i>; &quot;Zerbinette&quot; he calls <i>Lucia</i>; and &quot;Leandre&quot; he Anglicizes into
+<i>Leander</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Argan'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted
+courage, but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argant&ecirc;s and
+Solyman were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host.
+Argant&ecirc;s was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.&mdash;Tasso,
+<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p>Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argant&ecirc;s of Italy's heroic
+poet.&mdash;Sir Walter Scott.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'genis,</b> a political romance by Barclay (1621).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'gentile</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of
+Edel. Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in
+her house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd.
+Edel, the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to
+flight, and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed
+and won her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and
+Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to
+death.&mdash;William Warner, <i>Albion's England</i> (1586).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'gentin</b> <i>(Le sieur d</i>'), one of the officers of the duke of
+Burgundy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geiersiein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arge'o,</b> baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See <i>Dictionary of
+Phrase and Fable</i>.)&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arges'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the west wind.</p>
+
+Wing&egrave;d Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne,<br>
+Licensed that day to leave his dungeon,<br>
+Meekly attended.<br>
+
+<p>Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 5 (1613).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arges'tes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the north-east wind; C&aelig;'cias, the north-west;
+Bo'reas, the full north.</p>
+
+Boreas and C&aelig;cias and Argestes loud<br>
+... rend the woods, and seas upturn.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 699, etc. (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'gillan,</b> a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the
+Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his escape,
+but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem
+Delivered</i>, viii. ix. (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Argon and Ruro</b>, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an
+island of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the
+island, and asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the
+request, and overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt
+he shot both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the
+hall, howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound,
+found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo
+had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in
+fight, and restored the daughter to her father.&mdash;<i>Ossian</i> (&quot;The War of
+Inis-thona&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Argonauts</b>, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of
+the golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their
+leader.</p>
+
+<p><i>Argonauts (The)</i>. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought
+gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme of
+tales and ballads of the &quot;Forty-niners.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'gus,</b> the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871.</p>
+
+<p><b>Argyle</b> <i>(Mac Callum More, duke of</i>), in the reign of George I.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (1818).</p>
+
+<p><i>Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle</i>, in the reign of Charles I., was
+commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called &quot;Gillespie
+Grumach;&quot; he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch
+Campbell.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (1819).</p>
+
+<p>(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the <i>Heart of
+Midlothian</i>, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariad'ne</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave
+Theseus a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth.
+Theseus married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos <i>(Dia)</i>
+forsook her, and she hung herself.</p>
+
+<p>Surely it is an Ariadn&ecirc;.... There is dawning womanhood in every line;
+but she knows nothing of Naxos.&mdash;Ouid&agrave;, <i>Ariadn&ecirc;</i>, i. 1.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'ibert,</b> king of the Lombards (653-661), left &quot;no male pledge
+behind,&quot; but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke
+Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter of
+As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not
+known.&mdash;Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arideus</b> <i>[A.ree'.de.us]</i>, a herald in the Christian army.&mdash;Tasso,
+<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>A'riel,</b> in <i>The Tempest</i>, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape,
+or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax,
+mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment
+for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve
+years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture him
+with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of Miranda,
+liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit served the
+duke for sixteen years, when he was set free.</p>
+
+And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree,<br>
+For its freedom groans and sighs.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Milestone</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>A'riel</i>, the sylph in Pope's <i>Rape of the Lock</i>. The impersonation of
+&quot;fine life&quot; in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and necklaces.
+When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over the fumes of
+the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with pomatums, or
+wedged in the eyes of bodkins.</p>
+
+<p><i>A'riel</i>, one of the rebel angels. The word means &quot;the Lion of God.&quot;
+Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.&mdash;Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>,
+vi. 371 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariella,</b> an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his
+wife, in <i>Come Forth</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward.
+Her name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for
+nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariman'es</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced
+by Byron in his drama called <i>Manfred</i>. The Persians recognized a power
+of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman
+(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at war
+with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and enclosed
+them in an egg to be out of the power of Ariman&ecirc;s; but Ariman&ecirc;s pierced
+the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good. However, a time will
+come when Ariman&ecirc;s shall be subjected, and the earth will become a
+perfect paradise.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arimas'pians,</b> a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair
+with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were perpetual
+contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See GRYPHON.)</p>
+
+Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte<br>
+media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse<br>
+circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere,<br>
+quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis<br>
+aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus,<br>
+et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime<br>
+illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.&mdash;Pliny,<br>
+<i>Nat. Hist.</i> vii. 2.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ar'ioch</b> (&quot;<i>a fierce lion</i>&quot;), one of the fallen angels overthrown by
+Abdiel.&mdash;Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi. 371 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariodan'tes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess.
+Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodant&ecirc;s stood forth her
+champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando
+Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ari'on.</b> William Falconer, author of <i>The Shipwreck</i>, speaks of
+himself under this <i>nom de plume</i> (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a
+lad, and says he was eager to investigate the &quot;antiquities of foreign
+states.&quot; He was junior officer in the <i>Britannia</i>, which was wrecked
+against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point of
+Attica, and was the only officer who survived.</p>
+
+Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale<br>
+O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail.<br>
+Campbell, <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).<br>
+
+<p><i>Ari'on</i>, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his wealth,
+threw himself into the sea, and was carried to T&aelig;'naros on the back of a
+dolphin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ari'on</i>, the wonderful horse which Hercul&ecirc;s gave to Adrastos. It had
+the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet
+of a man.</p>
+
+<p>(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's <i>Kenilworth</i> is called &quot;Arion.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ario'sto of the North</b>, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p>
+
+And, like the Ariosto of the North,<br>
+Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 40.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arist&aelig;'us,</b> protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He
+instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his mother
+Cyren&ecirc;.</p>
+
+In such a palace Arist&aelig;us found<br>
+Cyren&ecirc;, when he bore the plaintive tale<br>
+Of his lost bees to her maternal ear.<br>
+Cowper, <i>The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Aristar'chus,</b> any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the
+greatest critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the
+<i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i> of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books
+each, marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he
+considered especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died
+aged 72.)</p>
+
+<p>The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There,
+sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at
+pleasure.&mdash;Samuel Foote, <i>The Liar</i>, i. 1.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;How, friend,&quot; replied the archbishop, &quot;has it [<i>the homily</i>] met with
+any Aristarchus [<i>severe critic</i>]?&quot;&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 4 (1715).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariste</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), brother of Chrysale (2 <i>syl</i>.), not a <i>savant</i>,
+but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly
+niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.) and her daughter
+Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.), who <i>femmes savantes</i>.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Femmes
+Savantes</i> (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ariste'as,</b> a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately
+for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the
+earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.&mdash;<i>Greek
+Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristi'des</b> (<i>The British</i>), Andrew Marvell, an influential member
+of the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every
+offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord
+treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristid&ecirc;s, at the
+public expense (1620-1678).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristip'pos,</b> a Greek philosopher of Cyre'n&ecirc;, who studied under
+Soc'rat&ecirc;s, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called
+&quot;he'donism&quot; (<i>[Greek: aedonae]</i> &quot;pleasure&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called
+<i>Aristippus</i>, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this
+Cyrenian (1733-1813).</p>
+
+<p>An axiom of Aristippos was <i>Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status, et
+res</i> (Horace, <i>Epist</i>. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was <i>Mihi res,
+non me rebus subjungere</i> (Horace, <i>Epist</i>. i. I, 18).</p>
+
+<p>I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to company
+and solitude, to affluence and frugality.&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, v. 12
+(1715).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristobu'lus,</b> called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (<i>Rom.</i> xvi. 10), and
+said to be the first that brought to England the &quot;glad tidings of
+salvation.&quot; He was murdered by the Britons.</p>
+
+The first that ever told Christ crucified to us,<br>
+By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ...<br>
+By the Britons murdered was.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristom'enes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the
+&quot;Cid&quot; of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night
+to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were
+inscribed these words: &quot;Aristomen&ecirc;s from the Spartan spoils dedicates
+this to the goddess.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar, when serving
+under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With fifteen
+companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors, and
+nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a tablet
+inscribed &quot;Ave Maria!&quot; then galloped back, before the guards recovered
+from their amazement.&mdash;Washington Irving, <i>Conquest of Granada</i>, 91.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristoph'anes</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies,
+eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is
+called &quot;The Prince of Ancient Comedy,&quot; and Menander &quot;The Prince of New
+Comedy&quot; (B.C. 342-291).</p>
+
+<p><i>The English</i> or <i>Modern Aristophanes</i>, Samuel Foote (1722-1777).</p>
+
+<p><i>The French Aristophanes</i>, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Moli&egrave;re (1622-1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aristotle.</b> The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato,
+Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium.</p>
+
+<p><i>Aristotle of China</i>, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called &quot;The Prince of
+Science.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Aristotle of Christianity</i>, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the
+doctrines of faith to syllogistic formul&aelig; (1224-1274).</p>
+
+<p><i>Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century</i>, George Cuvier, the naturalist
+(1769-1832).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'istotle in Love.</b> Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that
+Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to
+listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being
+readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then,
+putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him
+about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was
+quite cured of his foolish attachment.&mdash;Stephen Hawes, <i>The Pastime of
+Plesure</i>, xxix. (1555).</p>
+
+<p><b>Armadale</b> (<i>Allan</i>), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and
+ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first to Miss
+Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her governess,
+again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.&mdash;Wilkie Collins,
+<i>Armadale</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Armado</b> (<i>Don Adriano de</i>), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called &quot;a
+refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had a
+mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain tongue
+did ravish.&quot; This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of Navarre, when
+he resolved to spend three years in study with three companions, to
+relate in the interim of his studies &quot;in high-born words the worth of
+many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's debate.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his eye
+ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain,
+ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his
+verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Love's
+Labor's Lost</i>, act v. sc. 1 (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Armande</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Chrysale (2 <i>syl</i>.), and sister of
+Henriette. Armande is a <i>femme savante</i>, and Henriette a &quot;thorough
+woman.&quot; Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while
+Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the
+younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries
+her.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Armi'da,</b> a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from
+the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid
+palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual joys.
+Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from Armida;
+but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back again, sets
+fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight, and is slain.</p>
+
+[Julia's] small hand<br>
+Withdrew itself from his, but left behind<br>
+A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand<br>
+Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art,<br>
+Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart.<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 71.<br>
+
+<p>When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in
+military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the
+latter wittily said, &quot;She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to
+her own palace.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>(Both Gl&uuml;ck and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject of
+an opera.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Armida's Girdle</i>. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, &quot;in price and
+beauty,&quot; surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of Venus was
+less costly. It told her everything; &quot;and when she would be loved, she
+wore the same.&quot;&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arm'strong</b> (<i>John</i>), called &quot;The Laird's Jock.&quot; He is the laird of
+Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley of
+Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the
+English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Laird's Jock</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Armstrong (Grace)</i>, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the heugh-foot,
+a young farmer.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><i>Armstrong (Archie)</i>, court jester to James I., introduced in <i>The
+Fortunes of Nigel</i>, by Sir Walter Scott (1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'naut,</b> an Albanian mountaineer. The word means &quot;a brave man.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, <i>The Giaour</i>, 526.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arnheim</b> (2 <i>syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim</i>, Anne of
+Geierstein's grandfather.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sibilla of Arnheim</i>, Anne's mother.</p>
+
+<p><i>The baroness of Arnheim</i>, Anne of Geierstein.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of
+Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arnold,</b> the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness.
+Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger
+accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes best.
+He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he joins the
+besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters St. Peter's
+of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud beauty, to prevent
+being taken captive by him, flings herself from the high altar on the
+pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As the drama was never
+completed, the sequel is not known.&mdash;Byron, <i>The Deformed Transformed</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ar'nold</i>, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i>
+(time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ar'nold</i> of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called
+&quot;Ginks.&quot;&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Beggar's Bush</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arnold Brinkworth,</b> frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and
+betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who has
+betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he is
+the bearer of a message to her from <i>Geoffrey Delamayne</i>, and is
+mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself married
+by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.&mdash;Wilkie Collins,
+<i>Man and Wife</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arnol'do</b>, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of
+Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 <i>syl.</i>), sister of Gessler,
+the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of Gessler drove
+the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents, but after the
+death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had saved when it
+was imperilled by an avalanche.&mdash;Rossini, <i>Guglielmo Tell</i> (1829).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arnol'do</i>, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady,
+dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'nolphe</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the
+proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on
+Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to make
+his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in a country
+convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of society are
+wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes treats men like
+school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them, and plays with them.
+Being told by her guardian that married women have more freedom than
+maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a young man named Horace
+falls in love with her, and makes her his wife, so Arnolphe, after all,
+profits nothing by his pains.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'&Eacute;cole des Femmes</i> (1662).</p>
+
+Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique<br>
+Je le fis &eacute;lever selon ma politique<br>
+C'est-&agrave;-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit<br>
+Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 11.5em;">Act i. I.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ar'not</b> (<i>Andrew</i>), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic
+Lesly].&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aron'teus</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arpa'sia,</b> the betrothed of Mone's&ecirc;s, a Greek, but made by
+constraint the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded
+Mones&ecirc;s to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her
+into subjection, but she died at the sight.&mdash;N. Eowe, <i>Tamerlane</i>
+(1702).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'rot</b>, the weasel in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arrow-head</b>, Indian warrior in Cooper's <i>Pathfinder</i>, the husband of
+Dew-in-June (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arrow-maker</b>, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's <i>Hiawatha</i>
+(1855).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'saces</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the patronymic name of the Persian kings, from
+Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some distinctive
+name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name of C&aelig;sar to
+their own.</p>
+
+Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt<br>
+ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine<br>
+nuncupent.&mdash;Justin, <i>Historiarae Philippicae</i>, xli.<br>
+
+<p><b>Arse'tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and
+attended on her.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arsino&euml;</b>, prude in Moli&egrave;re's comedy <i>Le Misanthrope</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'tamenes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Le Grand Cyrus</b>, a &quot;long-winded
+romance,&quot; by Mdlle. Scud&eacute;ri (1607-1701).</p>
+
+<p><b>Artaxam'inous,</b> king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he
+wishes to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to
+general Bombast&ecirc;s, and when the general finds that his &quot;fond one&quot;
+prefers &quot;half a crown&quot; to himself, he hates all the world, and
+challenges the whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and
+daring any one to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the
+challenge, and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombast&ecirc;s falls on his
+majesty, and &quot;kills him,&quot; in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch,
+at the close of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the
+audience likes, &quot;to die again to-morrow.&quot;&mdash;W. B. Rhodes, <i>Bombastes
+Furioso</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'tegal or Arthegal</b> (<i>Sir</i>), son of Gorlo&iuml;s prince of Cornwall,
+stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland.
+Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with him.
+She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from whom
+(through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The wanderings
+of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation of chastity,
+is the subject of bk. iii. of the <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>; and the achievements of
+sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the subject of bk. v.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living
+woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment
+respecting &quot;the living and dead child&quot; (canto 1). His next was to
+destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third
+was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3). He
+had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea
+belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of
+the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen of
+the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who killed
+Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the
+deliverance of Ire'na <i>(Ireland)</i> from Grantorto <i>(rebellion)</i>, whom he
+slew (canto 12).</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580.
+Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Sir Artegal&quot; is meant for lord Gray of Wilton, Spenser's
+friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant, and the
+poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart means
+that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or perfect
+integrity of conduct.&mdash;Spenser's <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Artemis'ia</b>, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five
+ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly
+distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and
+courage. (This is <i>not</i> the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.)</p>
+
+Our statues ... she<br>
+The foundress of the Babylonian wall <i>[Semirfa-mis]</i>;<br>
+The Carian Artemisia strong in war.<br>
+<br>
+Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.<br>
+
+<p><i>Artemis'ia</i>, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus.
+Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal husband
+raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which was one
+of the &quot;Seven Wonders of the World.&quot; It was built by four different
+architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leochar&ecirc;s, and Bruxis.</p>
+
+<br>
+This made the four rare masters which began<br>
+Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb<br>
+(When death took her before the work was done,<br>
+And so bereft them of all hopes to come),<br>
+That they would yet their own work perfect make<br>
+E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake.<br>
+<br>
+
+<p>Lord Brooke, <i>An Inquiry upon Fame, etc</i>. (1554-1628).</p>
+
+<p><b>Artemus Ward,</b> travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures
+and sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the
+history of American dialect literature (1862).</p>
+
+<p><b>Artful Dodger,</b> the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up to
+every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.&mdash;Dickens,
+<i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthgallo,</b> a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his
+predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was
+swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother
+El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British
+History</i>, iii. 17 (1142).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthur</b> (<i>King</i>), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon,
+and his mother Ygern&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.), widow of Gorlo&iuml;s duke of Cornwall. But
+Ygern&ecirc; had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke was
+dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not consummated
+till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born Merlin took him,
+and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector (Tennyson says &quot;sir
+Anton&quot;), till Merlin thought proper to announce him as the lawful
+successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived two years after his
+marriage with Ygern&ecirc;.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2,
+6 (1470).</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Wherefore Merlin took the child</span><br>
+And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight<br>
+And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife<br>
+Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Tennyson, <i>Coming of Arthur</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Coming of Arthur</i>. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 <i>syl.</i>), appealed
+to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers and wild
+beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to Leodogran,
+to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To this Leodogran,
+after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot was sent to
+escort the lady to Arthur's court.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur not dead</i>. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but rests
+in Glastonbury, &quot;till he shall come again full twice as fair, to rule
+over his people.&quot; (See BARBAROSSA.)</p>
+
+<p>According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a
+raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again in
+his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this reason
+there is never a raven killed in England.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I
+ii. 5 (1605).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Twelve Battles</i> (or victories over the Saxons). I. The battle
+of the river Glem (<i>i.e.</i> the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5. The four
+battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the Ribble). 6.
+The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which joins the Ribble
+near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to be Tweeddale. 8. The
+battle of Castle Gwenion (<i>i.e.</i> Caer Wen, in Wedale, Stow). 9. The
+battle of Caerleon, <i>i.e.</i> Carlisle; which Tennyson makes to be
+Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath Treroit, in Anglesey, some
+say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of Agned Cathregonion (<i>i.e.</i>
+Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill (<i>i.e.</i> the Hill of Bath, now
+Bannerdown).</p>
+
+<p>Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he
+[<i>Arthur</i>] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies</i>. Three were Gentiles: Hector,
+Alexander, and Julius C&aelig;sar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas
+Maccab&aelig;us; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of
+Bouillon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother</i>, sir Ector and his lady. Their son,
+sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.&mdash;Sir T.
+Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 3, 8 (1470).</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Butler</i>, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir
+Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas &quot;in the rule of
+the service.&quot;&mdash;<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 8 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Sisters</i> [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king
+Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the
+&quot;great clark of Nigromancy,&quot; who wedded king Vrience, of the land of
+Cor&ecirc;, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same
+mother (Ygraine or Ygern&ecirc;) as the king.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of
+Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Sons</i>&mdash;Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors,
+daughter of the earl Sanam.&mdash;<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 15. Mordred
+was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some of the
+romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of Morgause and
+Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot, and sister of
+Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of Mordred's hatred
+of Arthur.&mdash;Pt. i. 17, 36, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Drinking-Horn</i>. No one could drink from this horn who was
+either unchaste or unfaithful.&mdash;<i>Lai du Corn</i> and <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>. (See
+CHASTITY.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Shield</i>, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was
+adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.&mdash;<i>British History</i>, ix. 4
+(1142).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Spear</i>, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of
+ebony.&mdash;<i>British History</i>, ix. 4 (1142).</p>
+
+His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten.<br>
+Layamon. <i>Brut</i>, (twelfth century).<br>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Sword</i>, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it Caliburn,
+and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.&mdash;<i>British History</i>, ix. 4
+(1142).</p>
+
+The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour,<br>
+The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble<br>
+spear,<br>
+With Pridwin, his great shield.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Round Table</i>. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were
+reserved, two for honor, and one (called the &quot;siege perilous&quot;) for sir
+Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one else
+attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry VIII.
+showed it to Fran&ccedil;ois I. as the very table made by Merlin for Uther the
+pendragon.</p>
+
+And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester<br>
+prefers,<br>
+Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be<br>
+hers.<br>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur</i> (<i>King</i>), in the burlesque opera of</p>
+
+<p><i>Tom Thumb</i>, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his
+daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was
+produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of <i>Midas</i>,
+about half a century later.</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthurian Romances.</b></p>
+
+<p><i>King Arthur and the Round Table</i>, a romance in verse (1096).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Holy Graal</i> (in verse, 1100).</p>
+
+<p><i>Titurel</i>, or <i>The Guardian of the Holy Graal</i>, by Wolfram von
+Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for the
+holy graal.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Romance of Parzival</i>, prince of the race of the kings of Graalburg.
+By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written about 1205)
+was partly founded upon a French poem by Chr&eacute;tien de Troyes, <i>Parceval
+le Gallois</i> (1170).</p>
+
+<p><i>Launcelot of the Lake</i>, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with
+William Rufus.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wigalois</i>, or <i>The Knight of the Wheel</i>, by Wirnd of Graffenberg. This
+adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his father,
+a knight of the Round Table.</p>
+
+<p><i>I'wain</i>, or <i>The Knight of the Lion</i>, and <i>Ereck</i>, by Hartmann von der
+Aue (thirteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Tristan and Yseult</i> (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg
+(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose
+romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by
+Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the <i>Romance of
+Tristram</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Merlyn Ambroise</i>, by Robert de Borron.</p>
+
+<p><i>Roman des diverses Qu&eacute;tes de St. Graal</i>, by Walter Mapes (prose).</p>
+
+<p><i>La Morte d'Arthur</i>, by Walter Mapes.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Life of Joseph of Arimathea</i>, by Robert de Borron.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Idylls of the King</i>, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing &quot;The
+Coming of Arthur,&quot; &quot;Gareth and Lynette,&quot; &quot;Geraint and Enid,&quot; &quot;Merlin and
+Vivien,&quot; &quot;Lancelot and Elaine,&quot; &quot;The Holy Graal,&quot; &quot;Peleas and Ettarre&quot;
+(2 <i>syl.</i>), &quot;The Last Tournament,&quot; &quot;Guinevere&quot; (3 <i>syl.</i>) and &quot;The
+Passing of Arthur,&quot; which is the &quot;Morte d'Arthur&quot; with an introduction
+added to it.</p>
+
+<p>(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into English
+by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the early history
+of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and Linet; part ii.
+contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii. the adventures of
+sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his knights. Sir Frederick
+Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the same series of legends.)</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"><i>Sources of the Arthurian Romances</i>. The prose series of
+romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary
+chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as <i>De Excidio
+Britanniae</i> of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century). 3.
+The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter, archdeacon of
+Oxford. 4. The <i>Chronicon sive Historia Britonum</i> of Geoffrey of
+Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and romances. (See
+CHARLEMAGNE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'thuret</b> <i>(Miss Seraphina</i> the papist and <i>Miss Angelica</i>), two
+sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthur Kavanagh</b>, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed
+&quot;with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John,&quot; who writes on his
+study-door Dante's injunction&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Think that To-day will never dawn again. <i>Kavanagh. A Tale</i>, by H.W.
+Longfellow (1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthur Livingston</b>, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in
+love, at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of
+<i>Kismet</i> by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arthur Ripley</b>, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case
+that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry Harland)
+novel, <i>Mrs. Peixada</i> (1886).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'turo</b> (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra &quot;the
+puritan,&quot; daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the wedding,
+Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (<i>Henrietta, widow of Charles I.</i>) in her
+escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival, temporarily
+loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the circumstances, and
+they vow never more to part. At this juncture Arturo is arrested for
+treason, and led away to execution; but a herald announces the defeat of
+the Stuarts, and free pardon of all political offenders, whereupon
+Arturo is released, and marries &quot;the fair puritan.&quot;&mdash;Bellini's opera,
+<i>I Puritani</i> (1834).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ar'turo</i> [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera of
+<i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835). (See HAYSTON.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ar'valan</b>, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for
+attempting to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 <i>syl.</i>). After this, his
+spirit became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness
+and chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to
+the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the
+witch Lor'rimite (3 <i>syl.</i>) to carry her off; but when the dragons came
+in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went
+perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of
+perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of
+Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden
+waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from the
+submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue.</p>
+
+&quot;Help, help, Kehama! help!&quot; he cried.<br>
+But Baly tarried not to abide<br>
+That mightier power. With irresistible feet<br>
+He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide,<br>
+And gave him way to his own judgment-seat.<br>
+Down like a plummet to the world below<br>
+He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xvii. 12 (1809).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Arvi'da</b> (<i>Prince</i>), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida
+and Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king
+of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but
+when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the
+nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to betray
+his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the love of
+Christina.&mdash;H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p>
+
+<p><b>Arvir'agus</b>, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her
+love, but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit
+till the rocks that beset the coast were removed, &quot;and there n'is no
+stone y-seen.&quot; By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the
+coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should keep
+her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that she had
+come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would rather die
+than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury
+Tales</i> (&quot;The Franklin's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dianora and
+Gilberto</i>, day x. 5. See DIANORA.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Arvir'agus</i>, younger son of Cym'beline (3 <i>syl.</i>) king of Britain, and
+brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped by
+Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were brought
+up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood, Belarius, having
+rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to favor. He then
+introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told their story, upon
+which the king was rejoiced to find that his two sons whom he thought
+dead were both living.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aryan Languages</b> (<i>The</i>)&mdash;</p>
+
+1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee.<br>
+2. Zend, whence Persian.<br>
+3. Greek, whence Romaic.<br>
+4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian<br>
+(<i>Romance</i>).<br>
+5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic.<br>
+6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian.<br>
+7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian.<br>
+
+<p><b>As You Like It</b>, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes,
+being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain
+followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy life,
+chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one daughter, named
+Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the companion of his own
+daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very fond of each other. At a
+wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with Orlando, who threw his
+antagonist, a giant and professional athlete. The usurping duke
+(Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her cousin Celia
+resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's clothes (under
+the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden (under the name of
+Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando being driven from
+home by his elder brother, also went to the forest of Arden, and was
+taken under the duke's protection. Here he met the ladies, and a double
+marriage was the result&mdash;Orlando married Rosalind, and his elder brother
+Oliver married Celia. The usurper retired to a religious house, and the
+deposed duke was restored to his dominions.&mdash;(1598.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Asaph.</b> So Tate calls Dryden in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>.</p>
+
+While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast,<br>
+The song of Asaph and his fame shall last.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part ii.</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Asaph (St.)</i> a British [<i>i.e. Welsh</i>] monk of the sixth century, abbot
+of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of him.</p>
+
+So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be:<br>
+As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ascal'aphos</b>, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling
+and trying to make mischief.&mdash;<i>Greek Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Asca'nio</b>, son of don Henrique (2 <i>syl.</i>), in the comedy called <i>The
+Spanish Curate</i>, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'capart</b> or <b>As'cupart</b>, an enormous giant, thirty feet high,
+who carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his
+steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his
+slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city
+gates of Southampton.&mdash;Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p>He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would have
+enabled him to enact &quot;Colbrand,&quot; &quot;Ascapart,&quot; or any other giant of
+romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the altitude
+of a chopin.&mdash;Sir W. Scott.</p>
+
+Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw<br>
+Charing Cross for a bar.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Dr. Donne (1573-1631).</span><br>
+
+<p>Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)&mdash;</p>
+
+Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss<br>
+For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ascr&aelig;'an Sage</b>, or <i>Ascr&aelig;an poet</i>, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in
+Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him &quot;The Old Ascr&aelig;an.&quot;</p>
+
+Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Mus&aelig;<br>
+Ascr&aelig;o quos ante seni.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Ecl.</i> vii. 70.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>As'ebie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Irreligion personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>
+(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros
+(<i>idolatry</i>), Phar'makeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) (<i>witchcraft</i>), H&aelig;ret'icus, and
+Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, <i>asebeia</i>,
+&quot;impiety.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Asel'ges</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four
+sons of Anag'nus (<i>inchastity</i>), his three brothers being M&aelig;chus
+(<i>adultery</i>), Pornei'us (<i>fornication</i>), and Acath'arus. Seeing his
+brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (<i>maidenly chastity</i>),
+Aselg&ecirc;s rushes forward to avenge his death, but the martial maid caught
+him with her spear, and tossed him so high i' the air &quot;that he hardly
+knew whither his course was bent.&quot; (Greek, <i>aselg&ecirc;s</i>, &quot;intemperate,
+wanton.&quot;)&mdash;Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, xi. (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'en</b>, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to
+the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the
+Scandinavian deities generally.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ashburton</b> (<i>Mary</i>), heroine of <i>Hyperion</i>, by H.W. Longfellow
+(1839).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ash'field</b> (<i>Farmer</i>), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted,
+noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his
+daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is
+&quot;Behave pratty,&quot; and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter
+Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dame Ashfield</i>, the farmer's wife, whose <i>b&ecirc;te noire</i> is a neighboring
+farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what Mrs. Grundy will
+think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel too.</p>
+
+<p><i>Susan Ashfield</i>, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.&mdash;Thom. Morton,
+<i>Speed the Plough</i> (1764-1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ash'ford</b> (<i>Isaac</i>), &quot;a wise, good man, contented to be
+poor.&quot;&mdash;Crabbe, <i>Parish Register</i> (1807).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ashpenaz</b>, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the
+Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to be at
+once feared and despised.&mdash;<i>The Master of the Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth
+Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ash'taroth</b>, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See
+ASTORETH.)</p>
+
+[<i>They</i>] had general names<br>
+Of Ba&auml;lim and Ashtaroth: those male,<br>
+These feminine.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 422 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ash'ton</b> (<i>Sir William</i>), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of
+Lucy Ashton.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Eleanor Ashton</i>, wife of sir William.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton</i>, eldest son of sir William.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lucy Ashton</i>, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master
+of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of
+Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes
+insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of
+Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p>(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called <i>Lucia
+di Lammermoor</i>, 1835.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Asia</b>, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the
+daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses;
+but she was taken alive into paradise.&mdash;Sale, <i>Al Kor&acirc;n</i>, xx., note, and
+Ixvi., note.</p>
+
+<p>Mahomet says, &quot;Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of
+Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife;
+and Fatima, his own daughter.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>As'ir</b>, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology&mdash;Odin, Thor,
+Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and
+Forseti.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes the goddesses&mdash;Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked
+among the Asir also.</p>
+
+<p><b>As'madai</b> (3 <i>syl.)</i> the same as As-mode'us <i>(4 syl.)</i> the lustful
+and destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands <i>(Tobit</i>
+iii. 8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by
+Uriel and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means &quot;the
+<i>destroyer</i>.&quot;&mdash;<i>Paradise Lost</i>, vi 365 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Asmode'us</b> <i>(4 syl.)</i>, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the
+Talmud &quot;king of the devils.&quot; As &quot;dress&quot; is one of the bitterest evils of
+modern life, it is termed &quot;the Asmodeus of domestic peace,&quot; a phrase
+employed to express any &quot;skeleton&quot; in the house of a private family.</p>
+
+<p>In the book of <i>Tobit</i> Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of
+Rag'u&euml;l, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on his
+bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven into
+Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on perfumed
+ashes.</p>
+
+<p>(Milton throws the accent on the third
+syl., Tennyson on the second.)</p>
+
+Better pleased<br>
+Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 168.</p>
+
+Abaddon and Asmod&euml;us caught at me.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>St. Simeon Stylit&ecirc;s</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Asmode'us</i>, a &quot;diable bon-homme,&quot; with more gaiety than malice; not the
+least like Mephistophel&ecirc;s. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom he
+carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where they
+see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen.
+Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness, and
+playful malice, we never forget the fiend.&mdash;Le Sage, <i>Le Diable
+Boiteux</i>.</p>
+
+<p>(Such was the popularity of the <i>Diable Boiteux</i>, that two young men
+fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an
+incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.)</p>
+
+<p>Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as Asmodeus
+would present could he remove the roof of many an English home.&mdash;<i>Encyc.
+Brit</i>. Art. &quot;Romance.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Aso'tus</b>, Prodigality personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633), by
+Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>asotos</i>, &quot;a
+profligate.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Aspa'tia</b>, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness.
+She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's
+request, marries Evad'ne (3 <i>syl</i>.). &quot;Women point with scorn at the
+forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of her
+speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event which
+gives name to the drama.&quot;&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i>
+(1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'pramonte</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), in Sir W. Scott's
+<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<i>The old knight</i>, father of <i>Brenhilda</i>.<br>
+<i>The lady of Aspramonte</i>, the knight's wife.<br>
+<i>Brenhilda of Aspramonte</i>, their daughter, wife of count Robert.<br>
+
+<p><b>As'rael</b> or <b>Az'rael,</b> an angel of death. He is immeasurable in
+height, insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days'
+journey.&mdash;<i>Mohammedan Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>As'sad,</b> son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 <i>syl</i>.), and
+half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the
+two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the
+young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of gross
+designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to put them
+both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out of the
+city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom (the island
+of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went to a city in
+sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an old
+fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a
+dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the &quot;mountain of
+fire.&quot; The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of queen
+Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured was
+carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old man's
+daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long Assad
+married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married
+Bostana.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Amgiad and Assad&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Astag'oras,</b> a female fiend, who has the power of raising
+storms.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Astar'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of
+the Syrians.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 10.5em;">With these</span><br>
+Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called<br>
+Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 438 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><i>As'tarte</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), an attendant on the princess Anna Comne'na.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Eufus).</p>
+
+<p><i>Astarte</i> a woman, beloved by Manfred.&mdash;Byron, <i>Manfred</i>.</p>
+
+<p>We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,&mdash;guilty, lost,
+murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to earth,
+speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale with
+mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and innocence,
+but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of a ghost,
+with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death, judgment, and
+eternity.&mdash;Professor Wilson.</p>
+
+The lady Astarte his? Hush! who<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">comes here? (iii. 4.)</span><br>
+...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.)<br>
+
+<p><b>As'tery,</b> a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and
+most active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs,
+bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus, in
+a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the flowers
+into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings of many gay
+colors.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Astol'pho,</b> the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He
+was a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly
+handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a whale;
+and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle tree, but
+Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the infernal regions;
+he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his madness by bringing
+back his lost wits in a phial.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'ton</b> <i>(Sir Jacob)</i>, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of
+the partisans of the late king.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (period,
+Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><i>As'ton (Enrico).</i> So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of
+<i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835). (See ASHTON.)</p>
+
+<p><b>As'torax</b>, king of Paphos and brother of the princess
+Calis.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (before 1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'toreth,</b> the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by
+Jeremiah, &quot;The Queen of Heaven,&quot; and by the Phoenicians, &quot;Astar't&ecirc;.&quot;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With these [<i>the host of heaven</i>] in troop</span><br>
+Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called<br>
+Astart&ecirc;, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.<br>
+<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 438 (1665).<br>
+
+<p>(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and
+Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the &quot;moon&egrave;d Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and
+mother.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>As'tragon,</b> the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert
+and his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight
+stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and museum.
+One room was called &quot;Great Nature's Office,&quot; another &quot;Nature's Nursery,&quot;
+and the library was called &quot;The Monument of Vanished Mind.&quot; Astragon
+(the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in navigation. He
+had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and to whom she was
+promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not
+known.&mdash;Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Astre'a</b> <i>(Mrs. Alphra Behn</i>), an authoress. She published the story
+of <i>Prince Oroonoka</i> (died 1689).</p>
+
+<p>The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope.</p>
+
+<p><b>Astringer</b>, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in
+<i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>, act v. sc. 1. (From the French <i>austour</i>,
+Latin <i>austercus</i>, &quot;a goshawk.&quot;) A &quot;gentle astringer&quot; is a gentleman
+falconer.</p>
+
+<p>We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk] an
+austringer.&mdash;Cowell, <i>Law Dictionary</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>As'tro-fiamman'te</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), queen of the night. The word means
+&quot;flaming star.&quot;&mdash;Mozart, <i>Die Zauberfl&ouml;te</i> (1791).</p>
+
+<p><b>Astronomer</b> (<i>The</i>), in <i>Rasselas</i>, an old enthusiast, who believed
+himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves
+Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the
+constituted order.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I have possessed,&quot; said he to Imlac, &quot;for five years the regulation of
+the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has listened
+to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my direction; the
+clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the Nile has
+overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the Dog-star,
+and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ... have hitherto
+refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings to whom this
+trust has been imparted.&quot;&mdash;Dr. Johnson, <i>Rasselas</i>, xli.&mdash;xliii. (1759).</p>
+
+<p><b>As'trophel</b> (<i>Sir Philip Sidney</i>). &quot;Phil. Sid.&quot; may be a contraction
+of <i>philos sidus</i>, and the Latin <i>sidus</i> being changed to the Greek
+<i>astron</i>, we get <i>astron philos</i> (&quot;star-lover&quot;). The &quot;star&quot; he loved was
+Penelop&ecirc; Devereux, whom he calls <i>Stella</i> (&quot;star&quot;), and to whom he was
+betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called <i>Astrophel</i>, to the memory of Sir
+Philip Sidney.</p>
+
+But while as Astrophel did live and reign,<br>
+Amongst all swains was none his paragon.<br>
+<br>
+Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).<br>
+
+<p><b>Astyn'ome</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) or <b>Chryse&iuml;s,</b> daughter of Chrys&ecirc;s priest
+of Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynom&ecirc; fell to the share of
+Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her. Agamemnon
+refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of his patron
+god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This was the cause
+of contention between Agamemnon and Achill&ecirc;s, and forms the subject of
+Homer's epic called <i>The Iliad</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>As'wad,</b> son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel
+of death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy
+to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it
+might serve its master on the day of resurrection.&mdash;Southey, <i>Thalaba
+the Destroyer</i> (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ataba'lipa,</b> the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the
+Spanish general. Milton refers to him in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 409
+(1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>At'ala,</b> the name of a novel by Fran&ccedil;ois Auguste Chateaubriand.
+Atala, the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an
+oath of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a
+young Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to
+break her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm
+(1801).</p>
+
+<p>(This has nothing to do with <i>Attila</i>, king of the Huns, nor with
+<i>Atlialie</i> (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Atalanta</b>, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave
+out that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running;
+but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his life.
+Hippom'en&ecirc;s won the race by throwing down golden apples, which Atalanta
+kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for one of his
+tales in <i>Earthly Paradise</i> (March).</p>
+
+<p>In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy,
+<i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Fortunio,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><i>Atalanta</i>, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem
+after &AElig;schylus <i>Atalanta in Calydon</i> (1864).</p>
+
+<p><b>Atali'ba,</b> the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on
+whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his
+people and the benign regard of heaven.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i>; ii. 4
+(from Kotzebue),(1799).</p>
+
+<p>At&ecirc; (2 <i>syl</i>.), goddess of revenge.</p>
+
+<p>With him along is come the mother queen. An At&ecirc;, stirring him to blood
+and strife. Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act ii. sc. I (1596).</p>
+
+<p><i>At&ecirc;</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), &quot;mother of debate and all dissension,&quot; the friend of
+Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the
+best of beings. Her abode, &quot;far under ground hard by the gates of hell,&quot;
+is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was challenged
+by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were that the
+conqueror should have &quot;Florimel,&quot; and the other &quot;the old hag At&ecirc;,&quot; who
+was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to
+another.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ath'alie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of
+Joram king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of
+David; but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king.
+Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was killed by
+the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's <i>chef-d'oeuvre</i>
+(1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part.</p>
+
+<p>(Racine's tragedy of <i>Athalie</i>, queen of Judah, must not be confounded
+with Corneille's tragedy of <i>Attila</i>, king of the Huns.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Atheist's Tragedy</b> (<i>The</i>), by Cyril Tourneur. The &quot;atheist&quot; is
+D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his
+estates.&mdash;(Seventeenth century.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ath'elstane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), surnamed &quot;The Unready,&quot; thane of
+Coningsburgh.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">&quot;Unready&quot; does not mean <i>unprepared</i> but <i>injudicious</i> (from
+Anglo-Saxon <i>raed</i>, &quot;wisdom, counsel&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Athe'na</b> (<i>Pallas</i>) once meant &quot;the air,&quot; but in Homer this goddess
+is the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed
+protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva.</p>
+
+<p><b>Athe'nian Bee</b>, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his
+composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an
+infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that &quot;honeyed words&quot; would
+fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophocl&ecirc;s is called &quot;The
+Attic Bee.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Ath'liot</b>, the most wretched of all women.</p>
+
+Her comfort is (if for her any be),<br>
+That none can show more cause of grief than she.<br>
+<br>
+Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 5 (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ath'os.</b> Dinoc'rat&ecirc;s, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount
+Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in his
+left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters which
+flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the suggestion,
+but objected to the locality.</p>
+
+And hew out a huge mountain of pathos,<br>
+As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xii. 86.<br>
+
+<p><b>At'imus</b>, Baseness of Mind personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>
+(1633), by Phineas Fletcher. &quot;A careless, idle swain ... his work to
+eat, drink, sleep, and purge his reins.&quot; Fully described in canto viii.
+(Greek, <i>atimos</i>, &quot;one dishonored.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>A'tin</b> (<i>Strife</i>), the squire of Pyr'ochl&ecirc;s.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>,
+ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Atos'sa.</b> So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she
+was the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho.</p>
+
+But what are these to great Atossa's mind?<br>
+<br>
+Pope.<br>
+
+<p>(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally
+understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old
+Testament.)</p>
+
+<p><b>At'ropos</b>, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of
+life with a pair of scissors.</p>
+
+... nor shines the knife,<br>
+Nor shears of Atropos before their vision.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, ii. 64.<br>
+
+<p><b>Attic Bee</b> <i>(The)</i>, Soph'ocl&ecirc;s (B.C. 495-405).
+Plato is called &quot;The Athenian Bee.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Attic Boy</b> <i>(The)</i>, referred to by Milton in his <i>Il Penseroso</i>, is
+Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to
+Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting.</p>
+
+Till civil-suited Morn appear,<br>
+Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont<br>
+With the Attic boy to hunt,<br>
+But kerchiefed in a comely cloud.<br>
+<i>II Penseroso</i> (1638).<br>
+
+<p><b>Attic Muse</b> <i>(The)</i>, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic
+poetry.</p>
+
+<p><b>Atticus.</b> The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of
+Cicero, given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His
+biography is found in Nepor.</p>
+
+<p><i>The English Atticus</i>. Joseph Addison.</p>
+
+Who but must laugh if such a man there be.<br>
+Who would not weep if Atticus were he?<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>At'tila,</b> one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king
+of the Huns, usually called &quot;The Scourge of God,&quot; must not be confounded
+with &quot;Athalie,&quot; daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject and
+title of Racine's <i>ches-d'oeuvre</i>, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief character.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aubert</b> <i>(Th&eacute;r&egrave;se)</i>, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name
+(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in the
+French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female apparel
+to escape detection.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aubrey</b>, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he
+committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a merchant,
+and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of eighteen
+years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and his daughter
+had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection with Mr.
+Mortimer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Augusta Aubrey</i>, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel,
+the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the vulgar
+Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord Abberville, but
+after passing through many a most painful visitation, she is happily
+married to the man of her choice.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i>
+(1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Au&acute;bri's Dog</b> showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de
+Macaire, snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now
+Aubri had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this
+animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire.
+Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by
+whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be the
+murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.)</p>
+
+<p>Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu &agrave; Paris, dans l'&icirc;le
+Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien
+ant&eacute;rieur, car il est mentionn&eacute; d&egrave;s le si&egrave;cle pr&eacute;c&eacute;dent par Alb&eacute;ric des
+Trois-Fontaines.&mdash;Bouillet, <i>Dict. Universel, etc.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Auch&acute;termuch&acute;ty</b> (<i>John</i>), the Kinross carrier.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Audhum&acute;bla</b>, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied
+him with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew
+from the rocks.&mdash;<i>Scandinavian Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Au&acute;drey,</b> a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is
+an excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that
+&quot;she is foul,&quot; and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks the
+gods also that &quot;she is not poetical.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>As You Like It</i>
+(1598).</p>
+
+The character of &quot;Audrey,&quot; that of a female<br>
+fool, should not have been assumed [<i>i.e.</i> by Miss<br>
+Pope, in her last appearance in public]; the last<br>
+line of the farewell address was, &quot;And now poor<br>
+Audrey bids you all farewell&quot; (May 26, 1808).&mdash;<br>
+James Smith, <i>Memoirs, etc.</i> (1840).<br>
+
+<p><b>Augus&acute;ta,</b> mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian
+II. king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will
+induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which
+follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden.&mdash;H.
+Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p>
+
+<p><i>Augusta</i>, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives,
+sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be
+conferred; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until
+after her coronation.</p>
+
+<p>1. EMPRESSES. Livia and Julia were both <i>Augusta</i>; so were Julia (wife
+of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaea, Statilia, Sabina,
+Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an emperor is
+spoken of as <i>Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra; Divina
+Augusta</i>, etc. But the title had to be conferred; hence we read,
+&quot;Domitian uxorem suam <i>Augustam</i> jussit nuncupari;&quot; and &quot;Flavia Titiana,
+eadem die, uxor ejus [<i>i.e.</i> Pertinax] <i>Augusta</i> est appellata.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>2. MOTHERS or GRANDMOTHERS. Antonia, grandmother of Caligula, was
+created <i>Augusta</i>. Claudius made his mother Antonia <i>Augusta</i> after her
+death. Heliogab&acute;alus had coins inscribed with &quot;Julia M&aelig;sa <i>Augusta</i>,&quot; in
+honor of his grandmother;</p>
+
+<p>Mammaea, mother of Alexander Severus, is styled <i>Augusta</i> on coins;
+and so is Helena, mother of Constantine.</p>
+
+<p>3. SISTERS. Honorius speaks of his sister as &quot;venerabilis <i>Augusta</i>
+germananostra.&quot; Trajan has coins inscribed with &quot;Diva Marciana
+<i>Augusta</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>4. DAUGHTERS. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of
+Didius Julianus, were both <i>Augusta</i>. Titus inscribed on coins his
+daughter as &quot;Julia Sabina <i>Augusta</i>;&quot; there are coins of the emperor
+Decius inscribed with &quot;Herennia Etruscilla <i>Augusta</i>,&quot; and &quot;Sallustia
+<i>Augusta</i>,&quot; sisters of the emperor Decius.</p>
+
+<p>5. OTHERS. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called <i>Augusta</i> on coins;
+Constantine Monomachus called his concubine <i>Augusta</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Augusta Hare</b>, a woman with a native genius for popularity, in Mrs.
+A.D.T. Whitney's novel <i>Hitherto</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Augusti&acute;na,</b> <i>the Maid of Saragossa</i>. She was only twenty-two when,
+her lover being shot, she mounted the battery in his place. The French,
+after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808.</p>
+
+Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragossa,<br>
+who by her valor elevated herself to the<br>
+highest rank of heroines. When the author<br>
+was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado,<br>
+decorated with medals and orders, by order of<br>
+the Junta.&mdash;Lord Byron.<br>
+
+<p><b>Auld Robin Gray</b> was written (1772) by Lady Anne Barnard, to raise a
+little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay, and
+her father was earl of Balcarras.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aullay</b>, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is
+as much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is larger than a sheep.
+King Baly of India rode on an aullay.</p>
+
+The aullay, hugest of four-footed kind,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The aullay-horse, that in his force,</span><br>
+With elephantine trunk, could bind<br>
+And lift the elephant, and on the wind<br>
+Whirl him away, with sway and swing,<br>
+E'en like a pebble from a practised sling.<br>
+<br>
+Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xvi. 2 (1809).<br>
+
+<p><b>Aure&acute;lius,</b> a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Do&acute;rigen,
+the wife of Arvir&acute;agus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to
+his suit till all the rocks of the British coast were removed, &quot;and
+there n'is no stone y-seen.&quot; Aurelius by magic made all the rocks
+disappear, but when Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her
+promise, Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather
+die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.&mdash;Chaucer,
+<i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;The Franklin's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dimora and
+Gilberto</i>, x. 5. See DIANORA.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Aurelius</i>, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur,
+but he died before the hero was born.</p>
+
+<p>Even sicke of a flixe [<i>ill of the flux</i>] as he was, he caused himself
+to be carried forth on a litter; with whose presence the people were so
+encouraged, that encountering with the Saxons they wan the
+victorie.&mdash;Holinshed, <i>History of Scotland</i>, 99.</p>
+
+... once I read<br>
+That stout Pendragon on his litter sick<br>
+Came to the field, and vanquish&egrave;d his foes.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI.</i>, act iii. sc. 2 (1589).<br>
+
+<p><b>Aurora Leigh,</b> daughter of an Englishman and an Italian woman. At
+her father's death Aurora comes to England to live with a severe,
+practical aunt. In time she becomes a poet, travels far, sees much, and
+thinks much of life's problems. She marries her cousin Romney, a
+philanthropist, blinded by an accident.&mdash;<i>Aurora</i> <i>Leigh</i>, by Elizabeth
+Barrett Browning (1856).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aurora Nuncanou,</b> beautiful Creole widow in <i>The Grandissimes</i>, by
+George W. Cable. In her thirty-fifth year, she &quot;is the red, red,
+full-blown, faultless joy of the garden. With her it will be always
+morning. That woman is going to last forever; ha-a-a-a!--even longer!&quot;
+(1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Austin,</b> the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he
+renounced the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the
+grandson of Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the possessions
+and title of the count of Narbonne.&mdash;Robert Jephson, <i>Count of Narbonne</i>
+(1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Austins</b> (<i>The</i>). <i>Miss Susan</i>, old maid resident at Whiteladies,
+concerned in a conspiracy to introduce a false heir to the estate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Augustine</i>, saintly sister, who tries to &quot;turn the curse from
+<i>Whiteladies</i>, by her own prayers and those of her
+almsmen.&quot;&mdash;<i>Whiteladies</i>, by M.O.W. Oliphant.</p>
+
+<p><b>Aus&acute;tria and the Lion's Hide.</b> There is an old tale that the
+arch-duke of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's
+hide which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulconbridge (the
+natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke:</p>
+
+Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,<br>
+And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act iii. sc. 1 (1596).<br>
+
+<p>(The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools and
+jesters were dressed in calf-skins.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table,</b> a mythical personage who indites
+Oliver Wendell Holmes's breakfast-table conversations.</p>
+
+<p><b>Autol&acute;ycos,</b> the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his
+neighbors, and changed their marks. Sis&acute;yphos outwitted him by marking
+his sheep under their feet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Autol&acute;ycus,</b> a peddler and witty rogue, in <i>The Winter's Tale</i>, by
+Shakespeare (1604).</p>
+
+<p><b>Avare</b> (<i>L</i>'). The plot of this comedy is as follows: Harpagon the
+miser and his son Cl&eacute;ante (2 <i>syl.</i>) both want to marry Mariane (3
+<i>syl.</i>), daughter of Anselme, <i>alias</i> don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples.
+Cl&eacute;ante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser, and
+hidden in the garden. When Harpagon discovers his loss he raves like a
+madman, and Cl&eacute;ante gives him the choice of Mariane or the casket. The
+miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his son. The
+second plot is connected with Elise (2 <i>syl.</i>), the miser's daughter,
+promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2 <i>syl.</i>); but
+Elise is herself in love with Val&egrave;re, who, however, turns out to be the
+son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Val&egrave;re is his son, who
+he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him Elise, and so in both
+instances the young folks marry together, and the old ones give up their
+unnatural rivalry.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ave&acute;nel</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), <i>Julian</i>, the usurper of Avenel Castle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Alice</i>, widow of sir Walter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mary</i>, daughter of Lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (date 1559).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ave&acute;nel</i> (<i>Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of</i>), same as the bridegroom
+in <i>The Monastery</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The lady Mary of Avenel</i>, same as the bride in <i>The Monastery</i>.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>The White Lady of Avenel</i>, a spirit mysteriously connected with the
+Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Mile&acute;sian families. She
+announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest in the
+family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with
+considerable caprice; thus she shows unmitigated malignity to the
+sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal has commanding power
+over her.</p>
+
+Noon gleams on the lake,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Noon glows on the fell;</span><br>
+Awake thee, awake,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">White maid of Avenel!</span><br>
+<br>
+Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).<br>
+
+<p><b>Aven&acute;ger of Blood,</b> the man who had the birthright, according to the
+Jewish, polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his
+relatives.</p>
+
+... the Christless code<br>
+That must have life for a blow.<br>
+<br>
+Tennyson, <i>Maud</i>, II. i. 1.<br>
+
+<p><b>Avery</b> (<i>Parson</i>), a missionary &quot;to the souls of fishers starving on
+the rocks of Marblehead.&quot; He is wrecked with his crew, one wintry
+midnight, and dies praying aloud.&mdash;J.G. Whittier, <i>The Swan Song of
+Parson Avery</i> (1850).</p>
+
+<p><b>Av&acute;icen</b> or <i>Abou-ibn-Sina</i>, an Arabian physician and philosopher,
+born at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He composed a treatise on logic,
+and another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippo&acute;crat&ecirc;s and
+the Aristotle of the Arabs.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen ...</span><br>
+Yet was his glory never set on shelfe,<br>
+Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande<br>
+Where men have minde to take good bookes in hande.<br>
+<br>
+G. Gascoigne, <i>The Fruits of Warre</i>, lvii. (died 1577).<br>
+
+<p><b>Avis</b>, a New England girl, heroine of
+<i>The Story of Avis</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart
+Phelps-Ward. She is forced by genius to
+be an artist, and through her art loses hope
+of domestic happiness (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ayl'mer</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), a neighbor of sir Henry Lee.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ay'mer</b> (<i>Prior</i>), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ay'mon</b>, duke of Dordona (<i>Dordogne</i>). He had four sons, Rinaldo,
+Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto (<i>i.e.</i> Renaud, Guiscard, Alard,
+and Richard), whose adventures are the subject of a French romance,
+entitled <i>Les Quatre fils Aymon</i>, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223).</p>
+
+<p><b>Aza'zel</b>, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of
+&quot;smokeless fire,&quot; that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited
+the earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent
+disobedience were driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was
+created, and God commanded all to worship him, Az&acirc;zel insolently made
+answer, &quot;Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth; why should I
+worship him?&quot; Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and called
+him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer of Satan's
+host.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upreared</span><br>
+His mighty standard; that proud honor claimed<br>
+Az&acirc;zel as his right.<br>
+<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 534 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Az'la</b>, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of
+Keha'ma.&mdash;Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, i. 10 (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Az'o</b>, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and
+had already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, &quot;never made his bride,&quot;
+died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she
+married the marqnis, and after she became his mother-in-law, they loved
+on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love for
+Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although he
+spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her.&mdash;Byron,
+<i>Parisina</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Az&acute;rael</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), the angel of death (called Raphael in the
+<i>Gospel of Barnabas</i>).&mdash;<i>Al Kor&acirc;n</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Az&acute;tecas,</b> an Indian tribe, which conquered the Hoamen (2 <i>syl.</i>),
+seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern branch
+of the Missouri, having Az&acute;tlan as their imperial city. When Madoc
+conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the Hoamen,
+and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Azuce&acute;na,</b> a gipsy. Manri&acute;co is supposed to be her son, but is in
+reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna).&mdash;Verdi, <i>Il
+Trovato&acute;r&ecirc;</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Azyoru&acute;ca</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), queen of the snakes
+and dragons. She resides in Patala, or
+the infernal regions.&mdash;<i>Hind&ucirc; Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+There Azyoruca veiled her awful form<br>
+In those eternal shadows. There she sat,<br>
+And as the trembling souls who crowd around<br>
+The judgment-seat received the doom of fate,<br>
+Her giant arms, extending from the cloud,<br>
+Drew them within the darkness.<br>
+
+<p>Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xxiii 15 (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b><img border="0" src="images/B.jpg" width="161" height="159" align="left" alt="b.jpg"></b></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b>aal,</b> plu. <b>Baalim,</b> a general
+name for all the Syrian gods,
+as Ash&acute;taroth was for the
+goddesses. The general version
+of the legend of Baal is
+the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz,
+Osiris, and the Arabian myth of El Khouder.
+All allegorize the Sun, six months
+above and six months below the equator.
+As a title of honor, the word Baal, Bal,
+Bel, etc., enters into a large number of
+Phoenician and Carthaginian proper names,
+as Hanni-bal, Hasdrubal, Bel-shazzar, etc.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">... [the] general names</span><br>
+Of Ba&auml;lim and Ashtaroth: those male;<br>
+These female.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 422 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bab</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the
+airs with the name and address of her mistress. Her fellow-servants and
+other servants address her as &quot;lady Bab,&quot; or &quot;Your ladyship.&quot; She is a
+fine wench, &quot;but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean.&quot; She
+says she never reads but one &quot;book, which is Shikspur.&quot; And she calls
+Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, &quot;downright
+hottenpots.&quot;&mdash;Rev. J. Townley, <i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1763).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba&acute;ba,</b> chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana
+Gulbey&acute;az.&mdash;Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 82, etc. (1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baba</b> (<i>Ali</i>), who relates the story of the &quot;Forty Thieves&quot; in the
+<i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>. He discovered the thieves' cave while
+hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word &quot;Ses&acute;am&ecirc;,&quot; at which the door
+of the cave opened and shut.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cassim Baba</i>, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty
+thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying &quot;Open Wheat!&quot; &quot;Open
+Barley!&quot; to the door, which obeyed to no sound but &quot;Open Sesam&ecirc;!&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Baba Mus&acute;tapha,</b> a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into
+which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the
+thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one of
+the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man
+happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard
+about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed
+out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it
+with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the house
+to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following he
+pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of marking the
+door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing it.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;Ali Baba, or The Forty Thieves&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bababalouk,</b> chief of the black eunuchs, whose duty it was to wait
+on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the
+harem.&mdash;Habesci, <i>State of the Ottoman Empire</i>, 155-6.</p>
+
+<p><b>Babes in the Wood,</b> insurrectionary hordes that infested the
+mountains of Wicklow and the woods of Enniscarthy towards the close of
+the eighteenth century. (See CHILDREN IN THE WOOD.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Babie,</b> old Alice Gray's servant-girl.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of
+Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Babie&acute;ca</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the Cid's horse.</p>
+
+I learnt to prize Babieca from his head unto his<br>
+hoof.<br>
+
+<p><i>The Cid</i> (1128).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baboon</b> (<i>Philip</i>), Philippe Bourbon, duc
+d'Anjou.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lewis Baboon</i>, Louis XIV., &quot;a false loon
+of a grandfather to Philip, and one that
+might justly be called a Jack-of-all-trades.&quot;</p>
+
+Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon<br>
+behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes<br>
+measuring linen; next day he would be<br>
+dealing in mercery-ware; high heads, ribbons,<br>
+gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... nay, he would descend to the selling of</span><br>
+tapes, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop<br>
+was shut up he would go about the neighborhood,<br>
+and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the<br>
+young men and maidens to dance. By these<br>
+means he had acquired immense riches, which he<br>
+used to squander away at back-sword [<i>in war</i>],<br>
+quarter-staff, and cudgel-play, in which he took<br>
+great pleasure.&mdash;Dr. Arbuthnot, <i>History of John<br>
+Bull</i>, ii. (1712).<br>
+
+<p><b>Baby Bell,</b> the infant whose brief beautiful
+life is given in the poem that first
+drew the eyes of the world to the young
+American poet, T.B. Aldrich, then but
+nineteen years of age.</p>
+
+Have you not heard the poets tell<br>
+How came the dainty Baby Bell<br>
+Into this World of ours?<br>
+The gates of heaven were left ajar:<br>
+With folded hands and dreamy eyes,<br>
+Wandering out of Paradise,<br>
+She saw this planet like a star<br>
+Hung in the glistening depths of even,&mdash;<br>
+Its bridges, running to and fro,<br>
+O'er which the white-winged angels go,<br>
+Bearing the holy dead to heaven.<br>
+She touched a bridge of flowers&mdash;those feet<br>
+So light they did not bend the bells<br>
+Of the celestial asphodels,<br>
+They fell like dew upon the flowers;<br>
+Then all the air grew strangely sweet!<br>
+And thus came dainty Baby Bell<br>
+Into this world of ours. (1854.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Bacchan'tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), priestesses of Bacchus.</p>
+
+Round about him <i>Bacchus</i> fair Bacchant&ecirc;s,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses,</span><br>
+Wild from Naxian groves, or Zant&ecirc;'s<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vineyards, sing delirious verses.</span><br>
+Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bacchus,</b> in the <i>Lusiad</i>, an epic poem
+by Camoens (1569), is the personification
+of the evil principle which acts in opposition
+to Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars
+is made by the poet the guardian power of
+Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism.</p>
+
+<p><b>Backbite</b> (<i>Sir Benjamin</i>), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and
+very censorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but he
+never published anything, because &quot;'twas very vulgar to print;&quot; besides,
+as he said, his little productions circulated more &quot;by giving copies in
+confidence to friends.&quot;&mdash;Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing<br>
+&quot;Mrs. Candour,&quot; to Miss Farren's &quot;lady<br>
+Teazle,&quot; King as &quot;sir Peter,&quot; Parsons &quot;Crab-tree,&quot;<br>
+Dodd &quot;Backbite,&quot; Baddeley &quot;Moses,&quot;<br>
+Smith &quot;Charles,&quot; and John Palmer &quot;Joseph&quot;<br>
+[Surface].&mdash;James Smith, <i>Memoirs, etc</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bactrian Sage</b> <i>(The)</i>, Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of Bactria,
+now Balkh (B.C. 589-513).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bade'bec</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pantag'ruel.
+She died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time
+to nine dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels laden
+with eels, and 25 wagons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and
+shallots.&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 2 (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Badger</b> <i>(Will)</i>, sir Hugh Robsart's favorite domestic.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bad'ger (Mr. Bayham</i>), medical practitioner at Chelsea, under whom
+Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking
+gentleman, with &quot;surprised eyes;&quot; very proud of being Mrs. Badger's
+&quot;third,&quot; and always referring to her former two husbands, captain
+Swosser and professor Dingo.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Badinguet</b> [<i>Bad&acute;.en.gay</i>] one of the many nicknames of Napoleon
+III. It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the
+fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873).</p>
+
+<p><b>Badou&acute;ra,</b> daughter of Gaiour (2 <i>syl.</i>), king of China, the &quot;most
+beautiful woman ever seen upon earth.&quot; The emperor Gaiour wished her to
+marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night by
+fairy influence she was shown prince Camaral&acute;zaman asleep, fell in love
+with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the prince, but
+her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as a madwoman.
+At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus: The emperor
+having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her [supposed]
+madness should have her for his wife, he sent Camaralzaman to play the
+magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by sending her the
+ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure was instantly
+effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp. When the emperor
+was informed that his son-in-law was a prince, whose father was sultan
+of the &quot;Island of the Children of Khal&acute;edan, some twenty days' sail from
+the coast of Persia,&quot; he was delighted with the alliance.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;Camaralzaman and Badoura&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Badroul&acute;boudour,</b> daughter of the sultan of China, a beautiful
+brunette. &quot;Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest, her
+mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure perfect.&quot; She became the
+wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death; once by exchanging
+&quot;the wonderful lamp&quot; for a new copper one, and once by giving
+hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these
+magicians.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bag dad.</b> A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was
+destined to found a city on the spot where he was standing. &quot;I am that
+man,&quot; said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his
+boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him
+&quot;Moclas,&quot; the name of a well-known thief.&mdash;Marigny.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bagshot,</b> one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the
+house of lady Bountiful.&mdash;Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1705).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bagstock</b> (<i>Major Joe</i>), an apoplectic retired military officer,
+living in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major has a covert
+kindness for Miss Tox, and is jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of
+himself as &quot;Old Joe Bagstock,&quot; &quot;Old Joey,&quot; &quot;Old J.,&quot; &quot;Old Josh,&quot; &quot;Rough
+and tough old Jo,&quot; &quot;J.B.,&quot; &quot;Old J.B.,&quot; and so on. He is also given to
+over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bah&acute;adar,</b> master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince
+Am&acute;giad was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when
+Bahadar returned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his
+uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how
+the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing,
+assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have
+murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head.
+Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad
+came forward and told the whole truth, whereupon Bahadar was instantly
+released, and Amgiad created vizier.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Amgiad and
+Assad&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bahman</b> (<i>Prince</i>), eldest son of the sultan Khrossou-schah of
+Persia. In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's
+sisters, and set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the
+superintendent of the sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and
+afterwards restored to the sultan. It was the &quot;talking bird&quot; that told
+the sultan the tale of the young prince's abduction.</p>
+
+<p><i>Prince Bahman's Knife</i>. When prince Bahman started on his exploits, he
+gave to his sister Parazad&ecirc; (4 <i>syl.</i>) a knife, saying, &quot;As long as
+you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am
+alive and well; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know that
+I am no longer alive.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;The Two Sisters,&quot; the last
+tale).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bailey,</b> a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His
+ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs.
+Todgers's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the
+&quot;Anglo-Bengalee Company.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bailie</b> (<i>General</i>), a parliamentary leader.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend
+of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bailie (Giles)</i>, a gipsy; father of Gabrael Faa (nephew to Meg
+Merrilies).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bailly,</b> (<i>Henry or Harry</i>), the host of the Tabard Inn, in
+Southwerk, London, where the nine and twenty companions of Chaucer put
+up before starting on their pilgrimage to Canterbury.</p>
+
+A semely man our hoste was withal<br>
+For to han been a marshal in an halle,<br>
+A fairer burgeis is ther non in Chepe.<br>
+<br>
+Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales, Prologue</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bailiff's Daughter of Islington</b> (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved
+the bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his
+friends sent him to London &quot;an apprentice for to binde.&quot; After the lapse
+of seven years, the bailiff's daughter, &quot;in ragged attire,&quot; set out to
+walk to London, &quot;her true love to inquire.&quot; The young man on horseback
+met her, but knew her not. &quot;One penny, one penny, kind sir!&quot; she said.
+&quot;Where were you born?&quot; asked the young man. &quot;At Islington,&quot; she replied.
+&quot;Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter there?&quot;
+&quot;She's dead, sir, long ago.&quot; On hearing this the young man declared he'd
+live an exile in some foreign land. &quot;Stay, oh stay, thou goodly youth,&quot;
+the maiden cried, &quot;she is not really dead, for I am she.&quot; &quot;Then farewell
+grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true love, whom I feared I
+should never see again.&quot;&mdash;Percy, <i>Relics of English Poetry</i>, ii. 8.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bailzou</b> <i>(Ann&acute;aple)</i>, the nurse of Effie Deans in her
+confinement.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bajar&acute;do,</b> Rinaldo's steed.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baja&acute;zet,</b> surnamed &quot;The Thunderbolt&quot; (<i>ilderim</i>), sultan of Turkey.
+After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he laid
+siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane emperor of
+Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and indomitable. Being asked
+by Tamerlane how he would have treated him had their lots been reversed,
+&quot;Like a dog,&quot; he cried. &quot;I would have made you my footstool when I
+mounted my saddle, and when your services were not needed would have
+chained you in a cage like a wild beast.&quot; Tamerlane replied, &quot;Then to
+show you the difference of my spirit, I shall treat you as a king.&quot; So
+saying, he ordered his chains to be struck off, gave him one of the
+royal tents, and promised to restore him to his throne if he would lay
+aside his hostility. Bajazet abused this noble generosity; plotted the
+assassination of Tamerlane; and bow-strung Mone&acute;ses. Finding clemency of
+no use, Tamerlane commanded him to be used &quot;as a dog, and to be chained
+in a cage like a wild beast.&quot;&mdash;N. Rowe, <i>Tamerlane</i> (a tragedy, 1702).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bajazet</i>, a black page at St. James's Palace.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril
+of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baker</b> (<i>The</i>), and the &quot;Baker's Wife.&quot; Louis XVI. and Marie
+Antoinette were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th
+October, 1789, they ordered a supply of bread to be given to the mob
+which surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamoring for bread.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba&acute;laam</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the earl of Huntingdon, one of the rebels in
+the army of the duke of Monmouth.</p>
+
+And, therefore in the name of dulness, be<br>
+The well-hung Balaam.<br>
+<br>
+Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Ba&acute;laam</i>, a &quot;citizen of sober fame,&quot; who lived near the monument of
+London. While poor he was &quot;religious, punctual, and frugal;&quot; but when he
+became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a
+courtier, &quot;took a bribe from France,&quot; and was hung for treason.&mdash;Pope,
+<i>Moral Essays</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balaam and Josaphat,</b> a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son
+of Almansur. (For plot, see JOSAPHAT.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Balack,</b> Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salisbury, who wrote a history called
+<i>Burnet's Own Time</i>, and <i>History of the Reformation</i>.&mdash;Dryden and Tate,
+<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balafr&eacute;</b> (<i>Le</i>), <i>alias</i> Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the
+Scottish Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis
+XI. Le Balafr&eacute; is uncle to Quentin Durward.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p>&curren;&curren;&curren; Henri, son of Francois second duke of Gruise, was called <i>Le
+Balafr&eacute;</i> (&quot;the gashed&quot;), from a frightful scar in the face from a
+sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bal&acirc;m&acute;,</b> the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is
+called N&ucirc;n, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balan&acute;,</b> brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most
+valiant knights that the world ever produced.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History
+of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 31 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><i>Balan</i>, &quot;the bravest and strongest of all the giant race.&quot; Am&acute;adis de
+Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands.&mdash;Vasco de Lobeira, <i>Amadis de
+Gaul</i>, iv. 129 (fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balance</b> (<i>Justice</i>), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the
+army, and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for
+the wild pranks of young men.&mdash;G. Farquhar, <i>The Recruiting Officer</i>
+(1704).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba&acute;land of Spain,</b> a man of gigantic strength, who called himself
+Fierabras.&mdash;<i>Mediaeval Romance</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balatsu-usur,</b> the name given to the captive Jew Daniel in Babylon,
+meaning &quot;May Bel protect his life!&quot;</p>
+
+Prostrate upon his royal face, prostrate before<br>
+the court, the queen, the people&mdash;down like a<br>
+pleading conscience or a suppliant faith, Nebuchadrezzar<br>
+the Great lay in the dust, and worshipped<br>
+him right royally.<br>
+<br>
+&quot;<i>Thou</i> art the Master of the Magicians!&quot; said<br>
+the king. &quot;For thou commandest the power of<br>
+thy God and thou controllest the spirit of<br>
+man!&quot; ...<br>
+<br>
+Plain moral purity and religious fervor had<br>
+done for the young man what a lifetime of political<br>
+scheming had failed to do for many a<br>
+grey-headed disappointed adventurer. Then, as<br>
+in all ages, intrigue regarded the success of sincerity<br>
+with astonishment.&mdash;<i>The Master of the<br>
+Magicians</i>, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert<br>
+D. Ward (1890).<br>
+
+<p><b>Balchris&acute;tie</b> (<i>Jenny</i>), housekeeper to the laird of
+Dumbiedikes.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baldassa&acute;re</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>) chief of the monastery of St. Jacopo di
+Compostella.&mdash;Donizetti's opera, <i>La Favorite</i> (1842).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bal&acute;der,</b> the god of light, peace, and day, was the young and
+beautiful son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedablik
+(&quot;wide-shining&quot;), stood in the Milky Way. He was slain by H&ouml;der, the
+blind old god of darkness and night, but was restored to life at the
+general request of the gods.&mdash;<i>Scandinavian Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+Balder the beautiful,<br>
+God of the summer sun.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>Tegnier's Death</i>.<br>
+
+<p>(Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled <i>Balder</i>, published in 1854.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bal&acute;derstone</b> (<i>Caleb</i>), the favorite old butler of the master of
+Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for the
+laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good store
+in plenty, but all he could produce was &quot;the hinder end of a mutton ham
+that had been three times on the table already, and the heel of a
+ewe-milk kebbuck [<i>cheese</i>]&quot; (ch. vii.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of
+Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baldrick,</b> an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger &quot;the betrothed.&quot;
+He was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Rose Flammock that she had
+seen his ghost frowning at her.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time,
+Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bal&acute;dringham</b> (<i>The lady Ermengarde of</i>), great-aunt of lady Eveline
+Berenger &quot;the betrothed.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry
+II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baldwin</b>, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins,
+nephew of sir Roland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldwin</i>, the restless and ambitious duke of Bologna, leader of 1200
+horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very
+like him, but not so tall.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p>&curren;&curren;&curren; He is introduced by sir Walter Scott in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldwin</i>. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled <i>Reynard the
+Fox</i> (the word means &quot;bold friend&quot;). In pt. iii. he is called &quot;Dr.&quot;
+Baldwin (1498).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bald&acute;win</i>, tutor of Rollo (&quot;the bloody brother&quot;) and Otto, dukes of
+Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo, because
+Hamond slew Gisbert the chancellor with an axe and not with a sword.
+Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death &quot;for teaching Hamond no
+better.&quot;&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Bloody Brother</i> (1639).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldwin (Count)</i>, a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on
+his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination,
+disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his younger son.
+Biron fell at the siege of Candy, and was supposed to be dead. His wife
+Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of
+starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he drove her from his
+house as a dog. Villeroy (2 <i>syl.</i>) married her, but Biron returned the
+following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed
+ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime; but
+one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella, going
+mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of Baldwin the source of
+infinite misery. It caused the death of his two sons, as well as of his
+daughter-in-law.&mdash;Thomas Southern, <i>The Fatal Marriage</i> (1692).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldwin</i>, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W.
+Scott in his novel called <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baldwinde Oyley,</b> esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor
+of the Knights Templars).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balin</b> (<i>Sir</i>), or &quot;Balin le Savage,&quot; knight of the two swords. He
+was a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six
+months by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a sword
+came to Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the king
+that no man could draw it who was tainted with &quot;shame, treachery, or
+guile.&quot; King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but sir
+Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he
+refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, &quot;That
+sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend,
+and it shall also prove your own death.&quot; Then the Lady of the Lake came
+to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off her head with
+it, and was banished from the court. After various adventures he came to
+a castle where the custom was for every guest to joust. He was
+accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his antagonist. So
+fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were slain, but Balin
+lived just long enough to learn that his antagonist was his dearly
+beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one tomb.&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 27-44 (1470).</p>
+
+<p>&curren;&curren;&curren; &quot;The Book of Sir Balin le Savage&quot; is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both
+inclusive) of sir T. Malory's <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balinverno,</b> one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba&acute;liol</b> (<i>Edward</i>), usurper of Scotland, introduced in
+<i>Redgauntlet</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ba&acute;liol (Mrs.)</i>, friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory chapter
+of <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ba&acute;liol (Mrs. Martha Bethune)</i>, a lady of quality and fortune, who had
+a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edinburgh. At her death she
+left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called <i>The
+Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.)</i>, which he published.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Highland Widow</i> (introduction, 1827).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balisar&acute;da,</b> a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress
+Faleri&acute;na; it would cut through even enchanted substances, and was given
+to Roge&acute;ro for the express purpose of &quot;dealing Orlando's
+death.&quot;&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>, xxv. 15 (1516).</p>
+
+He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows,<br>
+Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass could avail,<br>
+Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted mail.<br>
+<br>
+Book xxiii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Baliverso,</b> the basest knight in the Saracen army.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i>, (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balk</b> or <b>Balkh</b> (&quot;<i>to embrace</i>&quot;), Omurs, surnamed <i>Ghil-Shah</i>
+(&quot;earth's king&quot;), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled
+abroad to make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other
+lands. On his return he met his brother, and built on the spot of
+meeting a city, which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his
+kingdom.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balkis,</b> the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the
+south to witness the wisdom and splendor of Solomon. According to the
+Koran she was a fire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to
+his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz.&mdash;<i>Al
+Kor&acirc;n</i>, xxvi. (Sale's notes).</p>
+
+She fancied herself already more potent than<br>
+Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii<br>
+falling prostrate at the foot of her throne.&mdash;W.<br>
+Beckford, <i>Vathek</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Balkis queen of Sheba</i> or <i>Saba</i>. Solomon being told that her legs were
+covered with hair &quot;like those of an ass,&quot; had the presence-chamber
+floored with glass laid over running water filled with fish. When Balkis
+approached the room, supposing the floor to be water, she lifted up her
+robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which the king had been rightly
+informed.&mdash;<i>Jallalo'dinn</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ballenkeiroch</b> (<i>Old</i>), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus
+M'Ivor.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balmung</b>, the sword of Siegfried forged by Wieland the smith of the
+Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit Wieland cleft Amilias (a brother
+smith) to the waist; but so fine was the cut that Amilias was not even
+conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell asunder into two
+pieces.&mdash;<i>Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Balrud&acute;dery</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), a relation of Godfrey Bertram, laird
+of Ellangowan.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baltha&acute;zar,</b> a merchant, in Shakespeare's <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baltha&acute;zar</i>, a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's <i>Merchant of
+Venice</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baltha&acute;zar</i>, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>
+(1597).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baltha&acute;zar</i>, servant to don Pedro, in Shakespeare's <i>Much Ado about
+Nothing</i> (1600).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baltha&acute;zar</i>, one of the three &quot;kings&quot; shown in Cologne Cathedral as one
+of the &quot;Magi&quot; led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means &quot;lord
+of treasures.&quot; The names of the other two are Melchior (&quot;king of
+light&quot;), and Gaspar or Caspar (&quot;the white one&quot;). Klopstock, in <i>The
+Messiah</i>, makes six &quot;Wise Men,&quot; and none of the names are like these
+three.</p>
+
+<p><i>Balthazar</i>, father of Juliana, Volant&ecirc;, and Zam&acute;ora. A proud, peppery,
+and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke of Aranza;
+his second daughter the count Montalban; and Zamora marries signor
+Rinaldo.&mdash;J. Tobin, <i>The Honeymoon</i> (1804).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balue</b> (<i>Cardinal</i>), in the court of Louis XI. of France
+(1420-1491), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time,
+Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balugantes</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and
+in alliance with Agramant.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balveny</b> (<i>Lord</i>), kinsman of the earl of Douglas.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Balwhidder</b> [<i>Bal&acute;wither</i>], a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled
+with all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere,
+kind-hearted, and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is
+quite ignorant of the world, being &quot;in it but not of it.&quot;&mdash;Galt, <i>Annals
+of the Parish</i> (1821).</p>
+
+The <i>Rev. Micah Balwhidder</i> is a fine representation<br>
+of the primitive Scottish pastor; diligent,<br>
+blameless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but<br>
+without the fiery zeal and &quot;kirk-filling eloquence&quot;<br>
+of the supporters of the Covenant.&mdash;R.<br>
+Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, ii. 591.<br>
+
+<p><b>Baly,</b> one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded
+the city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was
+generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death he
+became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed with
+the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor were the
+rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One day a
+dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to measure
+three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and bade him
+measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf compassed the
+whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the third the infernal
+regions. Baly at once perceived that the dwarf was Vishn&ucirc;, and adored
+the present deity. Vishn&ucirc; made the king &quot;Governor of Pad&acute;alon&quot; or hell,
+and permitted him once a year to revisit the earth, on the first full
+moon of November.</p>
+
+Baly built<br>
+A city, like the cities of the gods,<br>
+Being like a god himself. For many an age<br>
+Hath ocean warred against his palaces,<br>
+Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves,<br>
+Not overthrown.<br>
+<br>
+Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xv. 1 (1809).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ban,</b> king of Benwick [<i>Brittany</i>], father of sir Launcelot, and
+brother of Bors king of Gaul. This &quot;shadowy king of a still more shadowy
+kingdom&quot; came over with his royal brother to the aid of Arthur, when, at
+the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued against him (pt. i.
+8).</p>
+
+Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the<br>
+world, and the man of most renown, for such<br>
+two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are<br>
+not living.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince<br>
+Arthur</i>, i. 14 (1470).<br>
+
+<p><b>Banastar</b> (<i>Humfrey</i>), brought up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and
+advanced by him to honor and wealth. He professed to love the duke as
+his dearest friend; but when Richard III. offered &pound;1000 reward to any
+one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John Mitton,
+sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salisbury, where he was
+beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest son, &quot;reft
+of his wits might end his life in a pigstye;&quot; that his second son might
+&quot;be drowned in a dyke&quot; containing less than &quot;half a foot of water;&quot; that
+his only daughter might be a leper; and that Banastar himself might
+&quot;live in death and die in life.&quot;&mdash;Thomas Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for
+Magistraytes</i> (&quot;The Complaynt,&quot; 1587).</p>
+
+<p><b>Banberg</b> (<i>The Bishop of</i>), introduced in Donnerhugel's
+narrative.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Banbury Cheese.</b> Bardolph calls Slender a &quot;Banbury cheese&quot; (<i>Merry
+Wives of Windsor</i>, act i. sc. 1); and in <i>Jack Drum's Entertainment</i> we
+read, &quot;You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring.&quot; The Banbury
+cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in thickness.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bandy-legged,</b> Armand Gouff&eacute; (1775-1845), also called <i>Le panard du
+dix-neuvi&egrave;me siecle</i>. He was one of the founders of the &quot;Caveau
+moderne.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Banks,</b> a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch
+of Edmonton.&mdash;<i>The Witch of Edmonton</i> (by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford,
+1658).</p>
+
+<p><b>Banquo,</b> a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward
+the Confessor. He was murdered at the instigation of king Macbeth, but
+his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of kings
+who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of England, in
+whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the blasted heath hailed
+Banquo as&mdash;</p>
+
+(1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater.<br>
+(2) Not so happy, yet much happier.<br>
+(3) Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, act i. sc. 3 (1606).<br>
+
+<p>(Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore
+Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ban&acute;shee,</b> a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland
+has its banshee, who is supposed to give it warning of approaching death
+or danger.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bantam</b> (<i>Angela Cyrus</i>), grand-master of the ceremonies at
+&quot;Ba-ath,&quot; and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the <i>&eacute;lite</i> of
+Bath.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bap,</b> a contraction of <i>Bap'liomet, i.e.</i> Mahomet. An imaginary idol
+or symbol which the Templars were accused of employing in their
+mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone,
+with two heads, one male and the other female, but all the rest of the
+figure was female. Specimens still exist.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bap'tes</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), priests of the goddess Cotytto, whose midnight
+orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of obscenity.
+(Greek, <i>bapto</i>, &quot;to baptize,&quot; because these priests bathed themselves
+in the most effeminate manner.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Baptis'ta,</b> a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na &quot;the
+shrew,&quot; and Bianca.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the Shrew</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baptisti Damiotti,</b> a Paduan quack, who shows in the enchanted
+mirror a picture representing the clandestine marriage and infidelity of
+sir Philip Forester.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time,
+William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'abas,</b> the faithful servant of Ealph Lascours, captain of the
+<i>Uran'ia.</i> His favorite expression is &quot;I am afraid;&quot; but he always acts
+most bravely when he is afraid. (See BARRABAS.)&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The
+Orphan of the Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'adas</b> (<i>Count</i>), the king's favorite, first gentleman of the
+chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill
+Richelieu, and place the duc d'Orleans on the throne of France. Baradas
+loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de Mauprat. When
+Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count Baradas his chief
+minister, but scarcely had he so done when a despatch was put into his
+hand revealing the conspiracy, and Richelieu ordered Baradas' instant
+arrest.&mdash;Lord Lytton, <i>Richelieu</i> (1839).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barak el Hadgi,</b> the fakir&acute;, an emissary from the court of Hyder
+Ali.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbara,</b> the widowed heroine whose vacillations of devotion to her
+buried husband and the living cousin who might be his twin, furnish the
+<i>motif</i> for Amelie Rives's story, <i>The Quick or the Dead?</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbara Floyd,</b> lonely-hearted wife in George Fleming's (Julia C.
+Fletcher) novel, <i>The Head of Medusa</i>. The scene of the story is laid in
+modern Rome; Barbara, married to an Italian nobleman, has an inner and
+purer life with which the corruptions of the gay capital meddle
+not.&mdash;(1880.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbara Frietchie,</b> heroic old woman of Frederick, Maryland, who
+took up the flag the men had hauled down at the command of Stonewall
+Jackson.&mdash;John Greenleaf Whittier, <i>Barbara Frietchie</i> (1864).</p>
+
+Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er<br>
+And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.<br>
+<br>
+Honor to her! and let a tear<br>
+Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.<br>
+<br>
+Over Barbara Frietchie's grave<br>
+Flag of Freedom and Union wave.<br>
+<br>
+Peace and order and beauty draw<br>
+Bound thy symbol of light and law,<br>
+<br>
+And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick Town.<br>
+
+<p><b>Barbara Holabird,</b> the rattle-pate of the Holabird sisters in A.D.T.
+Whitney's <i>We Girls</i>. She coins words and bakes lace-edged griddle-cakes
+and contrives rhymes, and tells on the last page of the book how it was
+made. &quot;We rushed in, especially I, Barbara, and did little bits, and so
+it came to be a Song o' Sixpence, and at last four Holabirds were
+'singing in the pie.'&quot;&mdash;(1868.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbara's History,</b> story of young, untrained but bright and
+attractive girl who marries a man of the world. The conflict of two
+strong, wayward natures is long and fierce, resulting in temporary
+separation, and the discipline of sorrow and absence in
+reconciliation.&mdash;Amelia B. Edwards.</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbarossa</b> (&quot;<i>red beard</i>&quot;), surname of Frederick I. of Germany
+(1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in
+Kyffhauserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his six
+knights, waiting the &quot;fulness of time,&quot; when he will come from his cave
+to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place of all
+the-world. His beard has already grown through the table-slab, but must
+wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent. (See
+MANSUR, CHARLEMAGNE, ABTHUR, DESMOND, SEBASTIAN I., to whom similar
+legends are attached.)</p>
+
+Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave,<br>
+Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Barbarossa</i>, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick Barbarossa,
+the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horne Barbarossa, the
+corsair (1475-1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylen&ecirc;, who made
+himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to Turkey. He
+killed the Moorish king; tried to cut off Selim the son, but without
+success; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow, who rejected
+his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for seven years. Selim
+returned unexpectedly to Algiers, and a general rising took place;
+Barbarossa was slain by the insurgents; Zaphira was restored to the
+throne; and Selim her son married Iren&ecirc; the daughter of Barbarossa
+(1742).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'bara</b> (<i>St.</i>), the patron saint of arsenals. When her father was
+about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning.</p>
+
+<p><b>Barbason,</b> the name of a demon. Amaimon sounds well; Lucifer well;
+Barbason well; yet they are ... the names of fiends.&mdash;<i>Merry Wives of
+Windsor</i>, ii. 2.</p>
+
+I am not Barbason, you cannot conjure me.&mdash;<i>Henry<br>
+V</i>. ii. 1.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bar'bason,</b> the name of a demon mentioned in <i>The Merry Wives of
+Windsor</i>, act ii. sc. 2 (1596).</p>
+
+I am not Barbason; you cannot conjure me.&mdash;Shakespeare,<br>
+<i>Henry V</i>. act ii. sc. I (1599).<br>
+
+<p><b>Barby Elster,</b> sharp-tongued and sweet-hearted &quot;help&quot; in the
+Rossiter family in Susan Warner's <i>Queechy</i>. She considers herself her
+employers' more-than-equal and loses no opportunity of expressing the
+conviction.&mdash;(1852.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Barclay of Ury,</b> an Aberdeen laird, persecuted
+as a &quot;Quaker coward&quot; by a mob
+of former friends and dependents, offers
+no resistance and refuses defence from the
+sword of an ancient henchman.<br>
+&quot;Is the sinful servant more<br>
+Than his gracious Lord who bore<br>
+Bonds and stripes in Jewry?&quot;<br>
+<br>
+J.G. Whittier, <i>Barclay of Ury</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Barco'chebah,</b> an antichrist.</p>
+
+Shared the fall of the antichrist Barcochebar.&mdash;Professor<br>
+Selwin, <i>Ecce Homo</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bard of Avon</b>, Shakespeare, born and buried at Stratford-upon-Avon
+(1564-1616).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Ayrshire</i>, Robert Burns, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Hope</i>, Thomas Campbell, author of <i>The Pleasures of Hope</i>
+(1777-1844).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of the Imagination</i>, Mark Akenside, author of <i>The Pleasures of
+the Imagination</i> (1721-1770).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Memory</i>, S. Rogers, author of <i>The Pleasures of Memory</i>
+(1762-1855).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Olney</i>, W. Cowper <i>[Coo'-per]</i>, who lived for many years at
+Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Prose</i>, Boccaccio.</p>
+
+He of the hundred tales of love.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 56 (1818).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Rydal Mount</i>, William Wordsworth, who lived at Rydal Mount;
+also called &quot;Poet of the Excursion,&quot; from his principal poem
+(1770-1850).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bard of Twickenham</i>, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham
+(1688-1744).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bardell</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, landlady of &quot;apartments for single gentlemen&quot; in
+Groswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded
+herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one
+occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put
+herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled
+lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pickwick of &quot;breach of
+promise,&quot; and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subsequently
+Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in the
+Fleet.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barde'sanist</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a
+Gnostic sect in the second century.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bardo Bardi,</b> aged blind scholar, father of Romola. She is his
+colaborer in the studies he pursues despite his infirmity.&mdash;George
+Eliot, <i>Romola</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'dolph,</b> corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 <i>Henry
+IV.</i> and in <i>The Merry Wives of Windsor</i>. In <i>Henry V.</i> he is promoted
+to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardolph is a
+bravo, but great humorist; he is a lowbred, drunken swaggerer, wholly
+without principle, and always poor. His red, pimply nose is an
+everlasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion thereto
+calls Bardolph &quot;The Knight of the Burning Lamp.&quot; He says to him, &quot;Thou
+art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop.&quot; Elsewhere he
+tells the corporal he had saved him a &quot;thousand marks in links and
+torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and
+tavern.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare.</p>
+
+We are much of the mind of Falstaff's tailor.<br>
+We must have better assurance for sir John than<br>
+Bardolph's.&mdash;Macaulay.<br>
+
+<p>(The reference is to 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks
+Page, &quot;What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak and
+slops!&quot; Page replies, &quot;He said, sir, you should procure him better
+assurance than Bardolph. He ... liked not the security.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bardon</b> <i>(Hugh)</i>, the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant
+Fitzurse.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barefoot Boy,</b> reminiscence of the author's own boyhood in
+Whittier's poem, <i>The Barefoot Boy</i>.</p>
+
+Prince thou art,&mdash;the grown-up man<br>
+Only is republican.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bar&egrave;re</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), an advocate of Toulouse, called &quot;The Anacreon of
+the Guillotine.&quot; He was president of the Convention, a member of the
+Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the condemnation to death
+of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed
+that &quot;Terror must be the order of the day.&quot; In the first empire Bar&egrave;re
+bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from France,
+and retired to Brussels (1755-1841).</p>
+
+The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the<br>
+fiction was a noble creature compared with the<br>
+Bar&egrave;re of history.&mdash;Lord Macaulay.<br>
+
+<p><b>Barf&uuml;sle</b>, pretty German child, left an orphan at a tender age, and
+cast upon the world. She maintains herself reputably and resists many
+temptations until she is happily married.&mdash;Bernard Auerbach, <i>Barf&uuml;sle.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'guest,</b> a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes
+set up in the streets a most fearful scream in the &quot;dead waste and
+middle of the night.&quot; The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to
+a few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the
+&quot;gift&quot; to others.&mdash;<i>Fairy Mythology, North of England</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'gulus,</b> an Illyrian robber or pirate.</p>
+
+Bargulus, Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum<br>
+magnas opes habuit.&mdash;Cicero, <i>De Officiis</i>,<br>
+ii. 11.<br>
+
+<p><b>Baricondo,</b> one of the leaders of the
+Moorish army. He was slain by the duke
+of Clarence.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barker</b> (.Mr.), friend to Sowerberry. <i>Mrs. Barker</i>, his wife.&mdash;W.
+Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'kis,</b> the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling
+David Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse &quot;Barkis is
+willin'.&quot; Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis.</p>
+
+He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the<br>
+superstition that people can't die till the tide goes<br>
+out, or be born till it is in. The last words he<br>
+utters are &quot;Barkis is willin'.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David<br>
+Copperfield</i>, xxx. (1849).<br>
+
+<p>(Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, &quot;'A parted even just between
+twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide.&quot;&mdash;<i>Henry V</i>. act ii.
+sc. 3, 1599.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'laham and Josaphat,</b> the heroes and title of a minnesong, the
+object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over
+paganism. Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josaphat, an Indian prince.
+This &quot;lay&quot; was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and has been
+translated into every European language.&mdash;Rudolf of Ems (a minnesinger,
+thirteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barley</b> <i>(Bill)</i>, Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking
+rum, and thumping on the floor.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i>
+(1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barleycorn</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), Malt-liquor personified. His neighbors
+vowed that sir John should die, so they hired ruffians to &quot;plough him
+with ploughs and bury him;&quot; this they did, and afterwards &quot;combed him
+with harrows and thrust clods on his head,&quot; but did not kill him. Then
+with hooks and sickles they &quot;cut his legs off at the knees,&quot; bound him
+like a thief, and left him &quot;to wither with the wind,&quot; but he died not.
+They now &quot;rent him to the heart,&quot; and having &quot;mowed him in a mow,&quot; sent
+two bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that &quot;all
+his flesh fell from his bones,&quot; but yet he died not. To a kiln they next
+hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning.
+They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore
+no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging
+spirits even of his worst persecutors.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This song, from the <i>English Dancing-Master</i> (1651), is generally
+ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did was slightly
+to alter parts of it. The same may be said of &quot;Auld lang Syne,&quot; &quot;Ca' the
+Yowes,&quot; &quot;My Heart is Sair for Somebody,&quot; &quot;Green grow the Rashes, O!&quot; and
+several other songs, set down to the credit of Burns.</p>
+
+<p><b>Barlow,</b> the favorite archer of Henry VIII. He was jocosely created
+by the merry monarch &quot;Duke of Shoreditch,&quot; and his two companions
+&quot;Marquis of Islington&quot; and &quot;Earl of Pancras.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Barlow (Billy)</i>, a jester, who fancied himself a &quot;mighty potentate.&quot; He
+was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel workhouse.
+Some of his sayings were really witty, and some of his attitudes truly
+farcical.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'mecide.</b> Schacabac &quot;the hare-lipped,&quot; a man in the greatest
+distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest asked
+him to dine with him. Barmecide first washed in hypothetical water,
+Schacabac followed his example. Barmecide then pretended to eat of
+various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly, and
+so the &quot;feast&quot; went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was so
+pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter into
+the spirit of the joke without resentment, that he ordered in a real
+banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;The
+Barber's Sixth Brother&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'nabas</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a disciple of Gamaliel, cousin of St. Mark, and
+fellow-laborer with St. Paul. He was martyred at Salamis, A.D. 63. <i>St.
+Barnabas' Day</i> is June 11.&mdash;<i>Acts</i> iv. 36, 37.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'naby</b> <i>(Widow)</i>, the title and chief character of a novel by
+Mrs. Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pretentious husband-hunter,
+wholly without principle. <i>Widow Barnaby</i> has a sequel called <i>The
+Barnabys in America, or The Widow Married</i>, a satire on America and the
+Americans (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barnaby Rudge</b>, a half-witted whose companion is a raven. He is
+enticed into joining the Gordon rioters.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Budge</i>
+(1841). (See RUDGE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Barnacle,</b> brother of old Nicholas Cockney, and guardian of
+Priscilla Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old
+school, who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the &quot;Cockney&quot; school
+inconsistent with prosperous shop-keeping. Though brusque and even
+ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of character.&mdash;<i>The
+Romp</i> (altered from Bickerstaff's <i>Love in the City</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barnadine,</b> malefactor, condemned to death, &quot;who will not die that
+day, upon any man's persuasion.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Measure for Measure</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Barnes</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), servant to colonel Mannering, at Woodburne.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barney,</b> a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low
+public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always spoke
+through his nose.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barn'stable</b> (<i>Lieutenant</i>), in the British navy, in love with Kate
+Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being
+approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable
+goes to America to discover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but being
+seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to the
+yardarm of an American frigate called the <i>Alacrity</i>. Scarcely is the
+young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is his
+own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time to save
+him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his affection.&mdash;E.
+Fitzball, <i>The Pilot</i> (a burletta).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barnwell</b> (<i>George</i>), the chief character and title of a tragedy by
+George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in love
+with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first robs
+his master of &pound;200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at Ludlow,
+and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity, Sarah
+Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are executed
+(1732).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as a useful
+lesson to London apprentices. <b>Baron</b> (<i>The old English</i>), a romance
+by Clara Reeve (1777).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'rabas</b>, the rich &quot;Jew of Malta.&quot; He is simply a human monster,
+who kills in sport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal
+machines. Shakespeare's &quot;Shylock&quot; has a humanity in the very whirlwind
+of his resentment, but Marlowe's &quot;Barrabas&quot; is a mere ideal of that
+&quot;thing&quot; which Christian prejudice once deemed a Jew. (See
+BARABAS.)&mdash;Marlowe, <i>The Jew of Malta</i> (1586).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bar'rabas</i>, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ
+by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament <i>Barab'has</i>. Marlowe
+calls the word &quot;Barrabas&quot; in his <i>Jew of Malta</i>, and Shakespeare says:</p>
+
+&quot;Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas<br>
+Had been her husband, rather than a Christian.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+<i>Merchant of Venice</i>, act iv. sc. 1 (1598).<br>
+
+<p><b>Barry Cornwall</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Bryan Waller Procter. It is
+an imperfect anagram of his name (1788-1874).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barsad</b> (<i>John), alias</i> Solomon Pross, a spy.</p>
+
+He had an aquiline nose, but not straight,<br>
+having a peculiar inclination towards the left<br>
+cheek; expression, therefore, sinister.&mdash;C. Dickens,<br>
+<i>A Tale of Two Cities</i>, ii. 16 (1859).<br>
+
+<p><b>Barsis'a</b> (<i>Santon</i>), in <i>The Guardian</i>, the basis of the story
+called <i>The Monk</i>, by M. G. Lewis (1796).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barston</b>, <i>alias</i> captain Fenwicke, a jesuit and secret
+correspondent of the conntess of Derby.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the
+Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barthol'omew</b> (<i>Brother</i>), guide of the two Philipsons on their way
+to Strasburg.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bartholomew (St.).</i> His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in
+allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bartley Hubbard</b>, the &quot;smart&quot; newspaper-man in <i>A Modern Instance</i>,
+by William Dean Howells (1883). He also plies his trade and exhibits his
+assurance in <i>The Rise of Silas Lapham</i> (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bartoldo</b>, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of
+sustenance. Fazio rifled his treasures, and on the accusation of his own
+wife was tried and executed.&mdash;Dean Milman, <i>Fazio</i> (1815).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bartoldo</i>, same as <i>Bertoldo</i> (<i>q.v.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bartoli</b> (in French <i>Barthole</i>, better known, however, by the Latin
+form of the name, <i>Bartolus</i>) was the most famous master of the
+dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso Ferrata
+in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of Perugia.
+His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were quoted as
+authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French proverb,
+applied to a well-read lawyer, <i>He knows his &quot;Barthole&quot; as well as a
+Cordelier his &quot;Dormi</i>&quot; (an anonymous compilation of sermons for the use
+of the Cordelier monks). Another common French expression, <i>R&eacute;solu comme
+Barthole</i> (&quot;as decided as Barthole&quot;), is a sort of punning allusion to
+his <i>Resolutiones Bartoli</i>, a work in which the knottiest questions are
+solved with <i>ex cathedra</i> peremptoriness.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bar'tolus,</b> a covetous lawyer, husband of Amaran'ta.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Barton</b> (<i>Sir Andrew</i>), a Scotch sea-officer, who had obtained in
+1511 letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals
+upon the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which
+the earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from
+British merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided
+to put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of
+sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir
+Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts, called
+&quot;Sir Andrew Barton,&quot; is inserted in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, II. ii. 12.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bartram</b>, the lime-burner, an obtuse, middle-aged clown in <i>Ethan
+Brand</i> by Nathaniel Hawthorne. When he finds the suicide's skeleton in
+the kiln, the heart whole within the ribs, he congratulates himself that
+&quot;his kiln is half a bushel richer for him&quot; (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Baruch.</b> <i>Dites, donc, avez-vous lu Baruch?</i> Said when a person puts
+an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus:
+Lafontaine went one day with Racine to <i>tenebrae</i>, and was given a
+Bible. He turned at random to the &quot;Prayer of the Jews,&quot; in Baruch, and
+was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, &quot;Dites, donc, who
+was this Baruch? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius;&quot; and for
+some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was,
+<i>Diles, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Baruch?</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Barzil'lai</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the duke of Ormond,
+a friend and firm adherent of Charles II.
+As Barzillai assisted David when he was
+expelled by Absalom from his kingdom,
+so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he
+was in exile.</p>
+
+Barzillai, crowned with honors and with years,...<br>
+In exile with his god-like prince he mourned,<br>
+For him he suffered, and with him returned.<br>
+
+<p>Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Basa-Andre</b>, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a
+sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a
+beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden comb).
+She hates church bells. (See BASA-JAUN.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Basa-Jaun</b>, a wood-sprite, married to Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both
+hated the sound of church bells. Three brothers and their sister agreed
+to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the finger of
+the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they accomplished.
+The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each of the
+footbaths of her brothers, and lo! they became oxen. The girl crossing a
+bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her brothers she
+would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the girl to give
+each brother three blows on the back with a hazel wand, and on so doing
+they were restored to their proper forms.&mdash;Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque
+Legends</i>, 49 (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bas Bleu</b>, nickname applied to literary women in the days succeeding
+the French Revolution, made familiar in America by J. K. Paulding's
+<i>Azure Hose</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bashaba</b>, sachem in J. G.L. Whittier's
+poem, <i>The Bridal of Pennacock</i>. His beautiful
+daughter, scorned by the chief to
+whom Bashaba gave her in marriage, and
+detained against her will by her angry
+father, steals away by night in a canoe and
+<b>is</b> drowned in a vain attempt</p>
+
+To seek the wigwam of her chief once more.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bashful Man</b> (<i>The</i>), a comic drama by</p>
+
+<p>W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blushington, a young man just come into a large
+fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He dines at
+Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders. His college
+chum, Frank Friendly, sends word to say that he and his sister Dinah,
+with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him at Blushington
+House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his shyness, makes a
+long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah Friendly.</p>
+
+<p><b>Basil</b>, the blacksmith of Grand Pr&eacute;, in Acadia (now <i>Nova Scotia</i>),
+and father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When, the colony was
+driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana, and
+greatly prospered; but his son led a wandering life, looking for
+Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague.&mdash;Longfellow,
+<i>Evangeline</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Basil March</b>, a clever, cynical, and altogether charming man of
+letters who takes one of the leading parts in William Dean Howells's
+<i>Their Wedding Journey. A Chance Acquaintance</i>, and <i>A Hazard of New
+Fortunes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba'sile</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a calumniating, niggardly bigot in <i>Le Mariage
+de Figaro</i>, and again in <i>Le Barbier de S&eacute;ville</i>, both by Beaumarchais.
+Basile and Tartuffe are the two French incarnations of religious
+hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the lay
+religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in slander.</p>
+
+<p><b>Basilis'co,</b> a bully and a braggart, in <i>Solyman and Perseda</i>
+(1592). Shakespeare has made Pistol the counterpart of Basilisco.</p>
+
+Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act i. sc. 1 (1596).<br>
+
+<p>(That is, &quot;my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good
+mother.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Basilisk,</b> supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on
+it. Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, &quot;Come, basilisk, and kill the
+innocent gazer with thy sight.&quot;</p>
+
+Natus in ardente Lydi&aelig; basiliscus arena,<br>
+Vulnerat aspectu, luminibusque nocet.<br>
+<br>
+Mantuanus.<br>
+
+<p><b>Basilius,</b> a neighbor of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but
+when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and promised
+Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the vicinity. On
+their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen on his sword,
+and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed Quiteria to
+marry him, &quot;for his soul's peace,&quot; and as it was deemed a mere ceremony,
+they were married in due form. Up then started the wounded man, and
+showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the blood that of a sheep
+from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully accepted the defeat, and
+allowed the preparations for the general feast to proceed.</p>
+
+Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar<br>
+admirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and<br>
+is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck,<br>
+leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like<br>
+a wizard. Then he has a fine voice for singing,<br>
+he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and<br>
+handles a foil as well as any fencer in Spain.&mdash;Cervantes,<br>
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 4 (1615).<br>
+
+<p><b>Basrig</b> or <b>Bagsecg,</b> a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or
+Halfdene (2 <i>syl</i>.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex.
+In this year Ethelred fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The
+first was the battle of Englefield, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes; the
+next was the battle of Beading, won by the Danes; the third was the
+famous battle of &AElig;scesdun or Ashdune (now <i>Ashton</i>), lost by the Danes,
+and in which king Bagsecg was slain.</p>
+
+And Ethelred with them [<i>the Danes</i>] nine sundry fields that fought ...<br>
+Then Reading ye regained, led by that valiant lord,<br>
+Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br>
+<br>
+
+<p>Next year (871) the Danes for the first time
+entered Wessex.... The first place they came
+to was Reading.... Nine great battles, besides
+smaller skirmishes, were fought this year, in
+some of which the English won, and in others
+the Danes. First, alderman &AElig;thelwulf fought
+the Danes at Englefield, and beat them. Four
+days after that there was another battle at
+Reading ... where the Danes had the better of it,
+and &AElig;thelwulf was killed. Four days afterwards
+there was another more famous battle at
+&AElig;scesdun ... and king &AElig;thelred fought against
+the two kings, and slew Bagsecg with his own
+hand.&mdash;E. A. Freeman, <i>Old English History</i>
+(1869); see Asser, <i>Life of Alfred</i> (ninth century).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bassa'nio,</b> the lover of Portia, successful in his choice of the
+three caskets, which awarded her to him as wife. It was for Bassanio
+that his friend Antonio borrowed 3000 ducats of the Jew Shylock, on the
+strange condition that if he returned the loan within three months no
+interest should be required, but if not, the Jew might claim a pound of
+Antonio's flesh for forfeiture.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Merchant of Venice</i>
+(1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bas'set</b> <i>(Count)</i>, a swindler and forger, who assumes the title of
+&quot;count&quot; to further his dishonest practices.&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>The Provoked
+Husband</i> (1728).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bassia'nus,</b> brother of Satur'nius emperor of Rome, in love with
+Lavin'ia daughter of Titus Andron'icus (properly <i>Andronicus</i>). He is
+stabbed by Deme'trius and Chiron, sons of Tam'ora queen of the
+Goths.&mdash;(?) Shakespeare, <i>Titus Andronicus</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bassi'no</b> <i>(Count)</i>, the &quot;perjured husband of Aurelia&quot; slain by
+Alonzo.&mdash;Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Perjured Husband</i> (1700).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bassanio</b>, a youth of noble birth but crippled fortunes, whose
+desire to win the hand of Portia, a rich heiress, is the moving spring
+of the action of Shakespeare's <i>The Merchant of Venice</i>. Portia's father
+has left three caskets, and has ordered in his will that his daughter is
+to marry only the man who chooses the casket that holds her portrait.
+That Bassanio may enter the list of Portia's suitors, his friend Antonio
+borrows money of Shylock, a Jew, who, out of hatred to the merchant,
+entraps him into pledging a pound of his flesh as surety for the loan.
+Bassanio marries Portia, but misfortune overtakes Antonio, he forfeits
+his bond, and his life is only saved by a quibble devised by Portia.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bastard of Orleans</b>, in Shakespeare's <i>Henry VI</i> Part 1, is Jean
+Dunois a natural son of Louis of Orleans, brother of Charles VI.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bat</b> (<i>Dr</i>.), naturalist in Cooper's <i>Prairie</i>, who mistakes his ass
+at night for a monster described in his note-book.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bates</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), a soldier in the army of Henry V. He with Court
+and Williams are sentinals before the English camp at Agincourt, and the
+king disguised comes to them during the watch, and talks with them
+respecting the impending battle,&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bates (Charley)</i>, generally called &quot;Master Bates,&quot; one of Fagin's
+&quot;pupils,&quot; training to be a pickpocket. He is always laughing
+uproariously, and is almost equal in artifice and adroitness to &quot;The
+Artful Dodger&quot; himself.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bates (Frank)</i>, the friend of Whittle. A man of good plain sense, who
+tries to laugh the old beau out of his folly.&mdash;Garrick, <i>The Irish
+Widow</i> (1757).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bath</b> (<i>King of</i>), Richard Nash, generally called <i>Beau</i> Nash,
+master of-the ceremonies for fifteen years in that fashionable city
+(1674-1761).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bath (The Maid of</i>), Miss Linley, a beautiful and accomplished singer,
+who married Richard B. Sheridan, the statesman and dramatist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bath (The Wife of</i>), one of the pilgrims travelling from Southwark to
+Canterbury, in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>. She tells her tale in turn,
+and chooses &quot;Midas&quot; for her subject (1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bathsheba</b> in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> is Louisa de
+Queronailles, a young French lady brought into England by the Duchess of
+Orleans, and who became the mistress of Charles II. The King made her
+Duchess of Portsmouth.</p>
+
+My father [<i>Charles II.</i>] whom with reverence I name ...<br>
+Is grown in Bathsheba's embraces old.<br>
+<br>
+Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bathsheba Everdeiie,</b> handsome heiress of an English farmstead,
+beloved by two honest men and one knave. She marries the knave in haste,
+and repents it at leisure for years thereafter. Released by his death,
+she marries Gabriel Oak.&mdash;Thomas Hardy, <i>Far from the Madding Crowd</i>
+(1874).</p>
+
+<p><b>Battar</b> <i>(Al), i.e. the trenchant</i>, one of Mahomet's swords.</p>
+
+<p><b>Battus</b>, a shepherd of Arcadia. Having
+witnessed Mercury's theft of Apollo's oxen,
+he received a cow from the thief to ensure
+his secrecy; but, in order to test his fidelity,
+Mercury re-appeared soon afterwards, and
+offered him an ox and a cow if he would
+blab. Battus fell into the trap, and was
+instantly changed into a touchstone.</p>
+
+When Tantalus in hell sees store and starves;<br>
+And senseless Battus for a touchstone serves.<br>
+
+<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Treatise on Monarchie</i>, iv.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bau'cis and Philemon</b>, an aged Phrygian woman and her husband, who
+received Jupiter and Mercury hospitably when every one else in the place
+had refused to entertain them. For this courtesy the gods changed the
+Phrygians' cottage into a magnificent temple, and appointed the pious
+couple over it. They both died at the same time, according to their
+wish, and were converted into two trees before the temple.&mdash;<i>Greek and
+Roman Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Baul'die</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), stable-boy of Joshua Geddes the quaker.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Red-gauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Baul'die</i> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the old shepherd in the introduction of the story
+called <i>The Black Dwarf</i>, by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bavian Fool</b> (<i>The</i>), one of the characters in the old morris-dance.
+He wore a red cap faced with yellow, a yellow &quot;slabbering-bib,&quot; a blue
+doublet, red hose, and black shoes. He represents an overgrown baby, but
+was a tumbler, and mimicked the barking of a dog. The word Bavian is
+derived from <i>bavon</i>, a &quot;bib for a slabbering child&quot; (see Cotgrave,
+<i>French Dictionary</i>). In modern French <i>bave</i> means &quot;drivel,&quot;
+&quot;slabbering,&quot; and the verb <i>baver</i> &quot;to slabber,&quot; but the bib is now
+called <i>bavette</i>. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bavie'ca,</b> the Cid's horse. He survived his master two years and a
+half, and was buried at Valencia. No one was ever allowed to mount him
+after the death of the Cid.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bavius</b>, any vile poet. (See M&AElig;VIUS.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bawtry.</b> <i>Like the saddler of Baivtry, who was hanged for leaving
+his liquor</i>. (<i>Yorkshire Proverb</i>.) It was customary for criminals on
+their way to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a
+&quot;parting draught.&quot; The saddler of Bawtry refused to accept the liquor,
+and was hanged, whereas if he had stopped a few minutes at the tavern
+his reprieve, which was on the road, would have arrived in time to save
+him.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ba'yard</b>, <i>Le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche</i>; born in France
+in 1475. He served under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.; bore a gallant
+part in the &quot;Battle of the Spurs,&quot; and died in 1524 of wounds received
+while in action.</p>
+
+<p><i>The British Bayard</i>, sir Philip Sidney (1554-1584).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Polish Bayard</i>, prince Joseph Poniatowski (1763-1814).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Bayard of India</i>, sir James Outram (1803-1863). So called by sir
+Charles Napier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ba'yard</i>, a horse of incredible speed, belonging to the four sons of
+Aymon. If only one mounted, the horse was of the ordinary size, but
+increased in proportion as two or more mounted. (The word means &quot;bright
+bay color.&quot;)&mdash;Villeneuve, <i>Les Quatre fils Aymon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bayard</i>, the steed of Fitz-James.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Lady of the Lake</i>, v.
+18 (1810).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bayar'do</b>, the famous steed of Rinaldo,
+which once belonged to Amadis of Gaul.
+It was found in a grotto by the wizard
+Malagigi, along with the sword Fusberta,
+both of which he gave to his cousin Rinaldo.</p>
+
+His color bay, and hence his name he drew&mdash;<br>
+Bayardo called. A star of silver hue<br>
+Emblazed his front.<br>
+
+<p>Tasso, <i>Rinaldo</i>, ii. 220 (1562).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bayes</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), the chief character of <i>The Rehearsal</i>, a farce
+by George Villiers, duke of Buckingham (1671). Bayes is represented as
+greedy of applause, impatient of censure, meanly obsequious, regardless
+of plot, and only anxious for claptrap. The character is meant for John
+Dryden.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> C. Dibdin, in his <i>History of the Stage</i>, states that Mrs.
+Mountford played &quot;Bayes&quot; &quot;with more variety than had ever been thrown
+into the part before.&quot;</p>
+
+No species of novel-writing exposes itself to a<br>
+severer trial, since it not only resigns all Bayes'<br>
+pretensions &quot;to elevate the imagination,&quot; ... but<br>
+places its productions within the range<br>
+of [general] criticism.&mdash;<i>Encyc. Brit.</i> Art. &quot;Romance.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Baynard</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), introduced in an episode in the novel called
+<i>Humphrey Clinker</i>, by Smollett (1771).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bea'con</b> (<i>Tom</i>), groom to Master Chiffinch (private emissary of
+Charles II.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bea'gle</b> (<i>Sir Harry</i>), a horsy country gentleman, who can talk of
+nothing but horses and dogs. He is wofully rustic and commonplace. Sir
+Harry makes a bargain with lord Trinket to give up Harriet to him in
+exchange for his horse. (See GOLDFINCH.)&mdash;George Colman, <i>The Jealous
+Wife</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beak.</b> Sir John Fielding was called &quot;The Blind Beak&quot; (died 1780).
+<b>Bean Lean</b> (<i>Donald</i>), <i>alias</i> Will Ruthven, a Highland
+robber-chief. He also appears disguised as a peddler on the roadside
+leading to Stirling. Waverley is rowed to the robber's cave and remains
+there all night.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alice Bean</i>, daughter of Donald Bean Lean, who attends on Waverley
+during a fever.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bear</b> (<i>The Brave</i>). Warwick is so called from his cognizance, which
+was <i>a bear and ragged staff</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bearcliff</b> (<i>Deacon</i>), at the Gordon Arms or Kippletringam inn,
+where colonel Mannering stops on his return to England, and hears of
+Bertram's illness and distress.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bearded</b> (<i>The</i>). (1) Geoffrey the crusader. (2) Bouchard of the
+house of Montmorency. (3) Constantine IV. (648-685). (4) Master George
+Killingworthe of the court of Ivan <i>the Terrible</i> of Russia, whose beard
+(says Hakluyt) was five feet two inches long, yellow, thick, and broad.
+Sir Hugh Willoughby was allowed to take it in his hand.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Bearded Master</i>. Soc'rat&ecirc;s was so called by Persius (B.C. 468-399).</p>
+
+<p><i>Handsome Beard</i>, Baldwin IV. earl of Flanders (1160-1186).</p>
+
+<p><i>John the Bearded</i>, John Mayo, the German painter, whose beard touched
+the ground when he stood upright.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bearnais</b> (<i>Le</i>), Henri IV. of France, so called from his native
+province, Le B&eacute;arr. (1553-1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaton</b>, the artist of <i>Every Other Week</i>, the story of which
+periodical is told in W. D. Howells's <i>A Hazard of New Fortunes</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p>His name was Beaton&mdash;Angus Beaton. His father was a Scotchman, but
+Beaton was born in Syracuse, New York, and it had taken only three years
+to obliterate many traces of native and ancestral manner in him. He wore
+his thick beard cut shorter than his moustache, and a little pointed; he
+stood with his shoulders well thrown back, and with a lateral curve of
+his person when he talked about art which would alone have carried
+conviction, even if he had not had a thick, dark bang coming almost to
+the brows of his mobile gray eyes, and had not spoken English with
+quick, staccato impulses, so as to give it the effect of epigrammatic
+and sententious French.</p>
+
+<p><b>Be'atrice</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a child eight years old, to whom Dant&ecirc; at the
+age of nine was ardently attached. She was the daughter of Folco
+Portina'ri, a rich citizen of Florence. Beatrice married Simoni de
+Bardi, and died before she was twenty-four years old (1266-1290). Dant&ecirc;
+married Gemma Donati, and his marriage was a most unhappy one. His love
+for Beatrice remained after her decease. She was the fountain of his
+poetic inspiration, and in his <i>Divina Commedia</i> he makes her his guide
+through paradise.</p>
+
+<p>Dant&ecirc;'s Beatrice and Milton's Eve Were not drawn from their spouses you
+conceive. Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 10 (1820).</p>
+
+<p>(Milton, who married Mary Powell, of Oxfordshire, was as unfortunate in
+his choice as Dant&ecirc;.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Beatrice</i>, wife of Ludov'ico Sforza.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beatrice</i>, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, sister of Leonora
+duchess of Ferrara, and wife of Mathias Corvi'nus of Hungary.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beatrice</i>, niece of Leonato governor of Messina, lively and
+light-hearted, affectionate and impulsive. Though wilful she is not
+wayward, though volatile she is not unfeeling, though teeming with wit
+and gaiety she is affectionate and energetic. At first she dislikes
+Benedick, and thinks him a flippant conceited coxcomb; but overhearing a
+conversation between her cousin Hero and her gentlewoman, in which Hero
+bewails that Beatrice should trifle with such deep love as that of
+Benedick, and should scorn so true and good a gentleman, she cries,
+&quot;Sits the wind thus? then, farewell, contempt. Benedick, love on; I will
+requite you.&quot; This conversation of Hero's was a mere ruse, but Benedick
+had been caught by a similar trick played by Claudio, don Pedro, and
+Leonato. The result was they sincerely loved each other, and were
+married.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> (1600).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beatrice Cenci,</b> the <i>Beautiful Parricide (q.v.).</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Beatrice D'Este,</b> canonized at Rome.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beatrice Giorgini</b>, an Italian contessa whose parents contract a
+secret marriage, an unequal match as to birth and fortune, and, dying
+young, one by violence, leave their child in charge of Betta, a faithful
+nurse, who takes her to her mother's mother, an old peasant. At her
+grandmother's death she becomes companion to a relative of her father;
+marries don Leonardo, her father's cousin and one of the witnesses to
+the secret marriage, and uses him to prove her legitimacy and his own
+treachery.&mdash;Mary Agnes Tincker, <i>Two Coronets</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Brummel,</b> George Bryan Brummel, son of a London pastry-cook,
+who became the fashion at the court of George III. and reigning favorite
+of the Prince of Wales. His story has been made the foundation of a
+brilliant American play by Clyde Fitch, in which Richard Mansfield takes
+the part of Brummel (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Clark,</b> a billiard-maker at the beginning of the nineteenth
+century. He was called &quot;The Bean,&quot; assumed the name of <i>Beauelerc</i>, and
+paid his addresses to a <i>prot&eacute;g&eacute;e</i> of lord Fife.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Fielding,</b> called &quot;Handsome Fielding&quot; by Charles II., by a play
+on his name, which was Hendrome Fielding. He died in Scotland Yard.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Hewitt</b> was the original of sir George Etherege's &quot;Sir Fopling
+Flutter,&quot; in the comedy called <i>The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling Flutter</i>
+(1676).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Nash,</b> Richard Nash, called also &quot;King of Bath;&quot; a Welsh
+gentleman, who for fifteen years managed the bath-rooms of Bath, and
+conducted the balls with unparalleled splendor and decorum. In his old
+age he sank into poverty (1674-1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau d'Orsay</b> <i>(Le)</i>, father of count d'Orsay, whom Byron calls
+&quot;<i>Jeune Cupidon.</i>&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Seant</b>, the Templars' banner, half white and half black; the
+white signified that the Templars were good to Christians, the black,
+that they were evil to infidels.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau Tibbs,</b> in Goldsmith's <i>Citizen of the World</i>, a dandy noted
+for his finery, vanity, and poverty.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beauclerk</b>, Henry I. king of England (1068, 1100-1135).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaufort</b>, the lover of Maria Wilding, whom he ultimately
+marries.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>The Citizen</i> (a farce).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaujeu</b> (<i>Mons. le chevalier de</i>), keeper of a gambling-house to
+which Dalgarno takes Nigel.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time,
+James I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Beaujeu</i> (<i>Mons. le comte de</i>), a French officer in the army of the
+Chevalier Charles Edward, the Pretender.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i>
+(time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaumains</b> (&quot;<i>big hands</i>&quot;), a nickname which sir Key (Arthur's
+steward) gave to Gareth when he was kitchen drudge in the palace. &quot;He
+had the largest hands that ever man saw.&quot; Gareth was the son of king Lot
+and Margawse (king Arthur's sister). His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir
+Agravain, and sir Gaheris. Mordred was his half-brother.&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 120 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">His achievements are given under the name &quot;Gareth&quot; (q.v.).</p>
+
+<p>Tennyson, in his <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, makes sir Key tauntingly address
+Lancelot thus, referring to Gareth:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Fair and fine, forsooth!</span><br>
+Sir Fine-face, sir Fair-hands? But see thou to it<br>
+That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day,<br>
+Undo thee not.<br>
+
+<p>Be it remembered that Key himself called Gareth &quot;Beaumain&quot; from the
+extraordinary size of the lad's hands; but the taunt put into the mouth
+of Key by the poet indicates that the lad prided himself on his &quot;fine&quot;
+face and &quot;fair&quot; hands, which is not the case. If &quot;fair hands&quot; is a
+translation of this nickname, it should be &quot;fine hands,&quot; which bears the
+equivocal sense of <i>big</i> and <i>beautiful</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beau'manoir</b> (<i>Sir Lucas</i>), Grand-Master of the Knights
+Templars.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaupre</b> [<i>Bo-pray</i>'], son of judge Vertaigne (2 <i>syl</i>.) and brother
+of Lami'ra.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Little French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaut&eacute;</b> (2 <i>syl</i>). <i>La dame de Beaut&eacute;</i>. Agnes Sorel, so called from
+the ch&acirc;teau de Beaut&eacute;, on the banks of the Marne, given to her by
+Charles VII. (1409-1450).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beautiful Corisande</b> (3 <i>syl</i>). Diane comtesse de Guiche et de
+Grammont. She was the daughter of Paul d'Andouins, and married Philibert
+de Grammont, who died in 1580. The widow outlived her husband for
+twenty-six years. Henri IV., before he was king of Navarre, was
+desperately smitten by La belle Corisande, and when Henri was at war
+with the League, she sold her diamonds to raise for him a levy of 20,000
+Gascons (1554-1620).</p>
+
+<p>(The letters of Henri to Corisande are still preserved in the
+<i>Biblioth&eacute;que de l'Arsenal</i>, and were published in 1769.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Beautiful Parricide</b> (<i>The</i>), Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a Roman
+nobleman, who plotted the death of her father because he violently
+defiled her. She was executed in 1605. Shelley has a tragedy on the
+subject, entitled <i>The Cenci</i>. Guido Reni's portrait of Beatrice is well
+known through its numberless reproductions.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beauty</b> (<i>Queen of</i>). So the daughter of Schems'edeen' Mohammed,
+vizier of Egypt, was called. She married her cousin, Bed'redeen' Hassan,
+son of Nour'edeen' Ali, vizier of Basora.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Nouredeen
+Ali,&quot; etc.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beauty and the Beast</b> (<i>La Belle et la B&ecirc;te</i>'), from <i>Les Contes
+Marines</i> of Mde. Villeneuvre (1740), the most beautiful of all nursery
+tales. A young and lovely woman saved her father by putting herself in
+the power of a frightful but kind-hearted monster, whose respectful
+affection and melancholy overcame her aversion to his ugliness, and she
+consented to become his bride. Being thus freed from enchantment, the
+monster assumed his proper form and became a young and handsome prince.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beauty of Buttermere</b> (3 syl.), Mary Robinson, who married John
+Hatfield, a heartless impostor executed for forgery at Carlisle in 1803.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beaux' Stratagem</b> (<i>The</i>), by George Farquhar. Thomas viscount
+Aimwell and his friend Archer (the two beaux), having run through all
+their money, set out fortune-hunting, and come to Lichfield as &quot;master
+and man.&quot; Aimwell pretends to be very unwell, and as lady Bountiful's
+hobby is tending the sick and playing the leech, she orders him to be
+removed to her mansion. Here he and Dorinda (daughter of lady Bountiful)
+fall in love with each other, and finally marry. Archer falls in love
+with Mrs. Sullen, the wife of squire Sullen, who had been married
+fourteen months but agreed to a divorce on the score of incompatibility
+of tastes and temper. This marriage forms no part of the play; all we
+are told is that she returns to the roof of her brother, sir Charles
+Freeman (1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bede</b> (<i>Adam</i> and <i>Seth</i>), brothers, carpenters. Seth loves the fair
+gospeller Dinah Morris, but she marries Adam.&mdash;George Eliot, <i>Adam
+Bede</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bede (Cuthbert</i>), the Rev. Edward Bradley, author of <i>The Adventures of
+Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman</i> (1857).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bed'er</b> (&quot;<i>the full moon</i>&quot;), son of Gulna'r&ecirc; (3 syl.), the young
+king of Persia. As his mother was an under-sea princess, he was enabled
+to live under water as well as on land. Beder was a young man of
+handsome person, quick parts, agreeable manners, and amiable
+disposition. He fell in love with Giauha'r&ecirc;, daughter of the king of
+Samandal, the most powerful of the under-sea empires, but Giauhar&ecirc;
+changed him into a white bird with red beak and red legs. After various
+adventures, Beder resumed his human form and married Giauhar&ecirc;.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;Beder and Giauhar&ecirc;&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bed'ivere</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or <b>Bed'iver</b>, king Arthur's butler and a
+knight of the Round Table. He was the last of Arthur's knights, and was
+sent by the dying king to throw his sword Excalibur into the mere. Being
+cast in, it was caught by an arm &quot;clothed in white samite,&quot; and drawn
+into the stream.&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Tennyson's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i> is a very close and in many parts a verbal
+rendering of the same tale in sir Thomas Malory's <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>, iii.
+168 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bedloe</b> (<i>Augustus</i>), an eccentric Virginian, an opium-eater, and
+easily hypnotized, in Edgar Allan Poe's <i>Tale of the Ragged Mountains</i>
+(1846).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bedott</b> (<i>Widow</i>). (See HEZEKIAH BEDOTT.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bed'ouins</b> [<i>Bed'.winz</i>], nomadic tribes of Arabia. In common
+parlance, &quot;the homeless street poor.&quot; Thus gutter-children are called
+&quot;Bedouins.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bed'redeen' Has'san</b> of Baso'ra, son of Nour'edeen' Ali grand vizier
+of Basora, and nephew to Schems'edeen' Mohammed vizier of Egypt. His
+beauty was transcendent and his talents of the first order. When twenty
+years old his father died, and the sultan, angry with him for keeping
+from court, confiscated all his goods, and would have seized Bedredeen
+if he had not made his escape. During sleep he was conveyed by fairies
+to Cairo, and substituted for an ugly groom (Hunchback) to whom his
+cousin, the Queen of Beauty, was to have been married. Next day he was
+carried off by the same means to Damascus, where he lived for ten years
+as a pastry-cook. Search was made for him, and the search party, halting
+outside the city of Damascus, sent for some cheese-cakes. When the
+cheese-cakes arrived, the widow of Nouredeen declared that they must
+have been made by her son, for no one else knew the secret of making
+them, and that she herself had taught it to him. On hearing this, the
+vizier ordered Bedredeen to be seized, &quot;for making cheese-cakes without
+pepper,&quot; and the joke was carried on till the party arrived at Cairo,
+when the pastry-cook prince was reunited to his wife, the Queen of
+Beauty.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Nouredeen Ali,&quot; etc.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bedwin</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. A kind, motherly
+soul, who loves Oliver Twist most dearly.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>
+(1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bee of Attica</b>, Soph'ocl&ecirc;s the dramatist (B.C. 495-405). The
+&quot;Athenian Bee&quot; was Plato the philosopher (B.C. 428-347).</p>
+
+The Bee of Attica rivalled &AElig;schylus when in<br>
+the possession of the stage.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The<br>
+Drama.</i><br>
+
+<p><b>Beef'ington</b> (<i>Milor</i>), introduced in <i>The Rovers.</i> Casimir is a
+Polish emigrant, and Beefington an English nobleman exiled by the
+tyranny of king John.&mdash;<i>Anti-Jacobin.</i></p>
+
+&quot;Will without power,&quot; said the sagacious Casimir,<br>
+to Milor Beefington, &quot;is like children playing<br>
+at soldiers.&quot;&mdash;Macaulay.<br>
+
+<p><b>Be'elzelbub</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), called &quot;prince of the devils&quot; (<i>Matt.</i> xii.
+24), worshipped at Ekron, a city of the Philistines (2 <i>Kings</i> i. 2),
+and made by Milton second to Satan.</p>
+
+One next himself in power and next in crime&mdash;Be&euml;lzebub.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 80 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bee'nie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), chambermaid at Old St.
+Ronan's inn, held by Meg Dods.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bees</b> (<i>Telling the</i>), a superstition still prevalent in some rural
+districts that the bees must be told at once if a death occur in the
+family, or every swarm will take flight. In Whittier's poem, <i>Telling
+the Bees</i>, the lover coming to visit his mistress sees the small servant
+draping the hives with black, and hears her chant:</p>
+
+&quot;Stay at home, pretty bees, fly not hence,<br>
+Mistress Mary is dead and gone.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Befa'na,</b> the good fairy of Italian children. She is supposed to
+fill their shoes and socks with toys when they go to bed on Twelfth
+Night. Some one enters the bedroom for the purpose, and the wakeful
+youngters cry out, &quot;<i>Ecco la Befana!</i>&quot; According to legend, Befana was
+too busy with house affairs to take heed of the Magi when they went to
+offer their gifts, and said she would stop for their return; but they
+returned by another way, and Befana every Twelfth Night watches to see
+them. The name is a corruption of <i>Epiphania</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beg</b> (<i>Callum</i>), page to Fergus M'Ivor, in <i>Waverley</i>, a novel by
+sir W. Scott (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Beg (Toshach)</i>, MacGillie Chattanach's second at the combat.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beggar of Bethnal Green</b> (<i>The</i>), a drama by S. Knowles (recast and
+produced, 1834). Bess, daughter of Albert, &quot;the blind beggar of Bethnal
+Green,&quot; was intensely loved by Wilford, who first saw her in the streets
+of London, and subsequently, after diligent search, discovered her in
+the Queen's Arms inn at Romford. It turned out that her father Albert
+was brother to lord Woodville, and Wilford was his truant son, so that
+Bess was his cousin Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their nuptials, and took
+them under her own conduct. (See BLIND.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Beggars</b> (<i>King of the</i>), Bampfylde Moore Carew. He succeeded Clause
+Patch (1693, 1730-1770).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beggar's Daughter</b> (<i>The</i>), &quot;Bessee the beggar's daughter of Bethnal
+Green,&quot; was very beautiful, and was courted by four suitors at once&mdash;a
+knight, a country squire, a rich merchant, and the son of an inn-keeper
+at Romford. She told them all they must first obtain the consent of her
+poor blind father, the beggar of Bethnal Green, and all slunk off except
+the knight, who went and asked leave to marry &quot;the pretty Bessee.&quot; The
+beggar gave her for a &quot;dot,&quot; &pound;3000, and &pound;100 for her trousseau, and
+informed the knight that he (the beggar) was Henry, son and heir of sir
+Simon de Montfort, and that he had disguised himself as a beggar to
+escape the vigilance of spies, who were in quest of all those engaged on
+the baron's side in the battle of Evesham.&mdash;Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, II. ii
+10.</p>
+
+<p>The value of money was about twelve times more than its present purchase
+value, so that the &quot;dot&quot; given was equal to &pound;36,000.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beggar's Opera</b> (<i>The</i>), by Gay (1727). The beggar is captain
+Macheath. (For plot, see MACHEATH.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Beggar's Petition</b> (<i>The</i>), a poem by the Rev. Thomas Moss, minister
+of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire. It was given to Mr.
+Smart, the printer, of Wolverhampton.&mdash;<i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, lxx. 41.
+<b>Beguines</b> [<i>Beg-wins</i>], the earliest of all lay societies of women
+united for religious purposes. Brabant says the order received its name
+from St. Begga, daughter of Pepin, who founded it at Namur', in 696; but
+it is more likely to be derived from <i>le B&egrave;gue</i> (&quot;the Stammerer&quot;); and
+if so, it was founded at Li&egrave;ge, in 1180.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beh'ram,</b> captain of the ship which was to convey prince Assad to
+the &quot;mountain of fire,&quot; where he was to be offered up in sacrifice. The
+ship being driven on the shores of queen Margia'na's kingdom, Assad
+became her slave, but was recaptured by Behram's crew, and carried back
+to the ship. The queen next day gave the ship chase. Assad was thrown
+overboard, and swam to the city whence he started. Behram also was
+drifted to the same place. Here the captain fell in with the prince, and
+reconducted him to the original dungeon. Bosta'na, a daughter of the old
+fire-worshipper, taking pity on the prince, released him; and, at the
+end, Assad married queen Margiana, Bostana married prince Amgiad
+(half-brother of Assad), and Behram, renouncing his religion, became a
+mussulman, and entered the service of Amgiad, who became king of the
+city.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Amgiad and Assad&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bela'rius,</b> a nobleman and soldier in the army of Cym'beline (3
+<i>syl.</i>) king of Britain. Two villains having sworn to the king that he
+was &quot;confederate with the Romans,&quot; he was banished, and for twenty years
+lived in a cave; but he stole away the two infant sons of the king out
+of revenge. Their names were Guide'rius and Arvir'agus. When these two
+princes were grown to manhood, a battle was fought between the Romans
+and Britons, in which Cymbeline was made prisoner, but Belarius coming
+to the rescue, the king was liberated and the Roman general in turn was
+made captive. Belarius was now reconciled to Cymbeline, and presenting
+to him the two young men, told their story; whereupon they were publicly
+acknowledged to be the sons of Cymbeline and princes of the
+realm.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel Bree,</b> wide-awake country girl in <i>The Other Girls</i>, by A.D.T.
+Whitney. Dissatisfied with rustic life, she accompanies aunt Blin, a
+dressmaker, to Boston, works hard, is exposed to the temptations that
+beset a pretty girl in a city, but resists them. She is thrown out of
+work by the Boston fire, and &quot;enters service&quot; with satisfactory
+consequences to all concerned.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belch</b> (<i>Sir Toby</i>), uncle of Olivia the rich countess of Illyria.
+He is a reckless roysterer of the old school, and a friend of sir Andrew
+Ague-cheek.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belcour,</b> a foundling adopted by Mr. Belcour, a rich Jamaica
+merchant, who at death left him all his property. He was in truth the
+son of Mr. Stockwell, the clerk of Belcour, senior, who clandestinely
+married his master's daughter, and afterwards became a wealthy merchant.
+On the death of old Belcour, the young man came to England as the guest
+of his unknown father, fell in love with Miss Dudley, and married her.
+He was hot-blooded, impulsive, high-spirited, and generous, his very
+faults serving as a foil to his noble qualities; ever erring and
+repenting, offending and atoning for his offences.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The
+West Indian</i> (1771).</p>
+
+<p><b>Be'led,</b> one of the six Wise Men of the East, led by the guiding
+star to Jesus. He was a king, who gave to his enemy who sought to
+dethrone him half of his kingdom, and thus turned a foe into a fast
+friend.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, v. (1747).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belerma</b>, the lady whom Durandarte served for seven years as a
+knight-errant and peer of France. When, at length, he died at
+Roncesvalles, he prayed his cousin Montesi'nos to carry his heart to
+Belerma.</p>
+
+<p>I saw a procession of beautiful damsels in mourning, with white turbans
+on their heads. In the rear came a lady with a veil so long that it
+reached the ground: her turban was twice as large as the largest of the
+others; her eyebrows were joined, her nose was rather flat, her mouth
+wide, but her lips of a vermilion color. Her teeth were thin-set and
+irregular, though very white; and she carried in her hand a fine linen
+cloth, containing a heart. Montesinos informed me that this lady was
+Belerma.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 6 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bele'ses</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Chaldaean soothsayer and Assyrian satrap,
+who told Arba'ces (3 <i>syl</i>.) governor of Me'dia, that he would one day
+sit on the throne of Nineveh and Assyria. His prophecy came true, and
+Beleses was rewarded with the government of Babylon.&mdash;Byron,
+<i>Sardanapalus</i> (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel'field</b> <i>(Brothers).</i> The elder brother is a squire in Cornwall,
+betrothed to Sophia (daughter of sir Benjamin Dove), who loves his
+younger brother Bob. The younger brother is driven to sea by the cruelty
+of the squire, but on his return renews his acquaintance with Sophia. He
+is informed of her unwilling betrothal to the elder brother, who is
+already married to Violetta, but parted from her. Violetta returns home
+in the same ship as Bob Belfield, becomes reconciled to her husband, and
+the younger brother marries Sophia.&mdash;Rich. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i>
+(1769).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel'ford,</b> a friend of Lovelace (2 <i>syl</i>.). They made a covenant to
+pardon every sort of liberty which they took with each
+other.&mdash;Richardson, <i>Clarissa Harlowe</i> (1749).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belford (Major)</i>, the friend of colonel Tamper, and the plighted
+hnsband of Mdlle. Florival.&mdash;G. Colman, sen., <i>The Deuce is in Him</i>
+(1762).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belge</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the mother of seventeen sons. She applied to
+queen Mercilla for aid against Geryon'eo, who had deprived her of all
+her offspring except five.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 10 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Beige&quot; is Holland, the &quot;seventeen sons&quot; are the
+seventeen provinces which once belonged to her; &quot;Geryoneo&quot; is Philip II.
+of Spain; and &quot;Mercilla&quot; is queen Elizabeth.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belial</b>, sons of, in the Bible <i>passim</i> means the lewd and
+profligate. Milton has created the personality of Belial:</p>
+
+Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd<br>
+Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love<br>
+Vice for itself. To him no temple stood<br>
+Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he<br>
+In temples, and at altars, when the priest<br>
+Tarns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled<br>
+With lust and violence the house of God?<br>
+In courts and palaces he also reigns,<br>
+And in luxurious cities, where the noise<br>
+Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers<br>
+And injury and outrage; and when night<br>
+Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons<br>
+Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 490</p>
+
+On the other side up rose<br>
+Belial, in act more graceful and humane;<br>
+A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed<br>
+For dignity composed, and high exploit.<br>
+But all was false and hollow; though his tongue.<br>
+Dropt manna, and could make the worse appear<br>
+The better reason, to perplex and dash<br>
+Maturest counsels; for his thoughts were low<br>
+To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds<br>
+Timorous and slothful.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 108.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belia'nis of Greece</b> <i>(Don)</i>, the hero of an old romance of chivalry
+on the model of <i>Am'adis de Gaul</i>. It was one of the books in don
+Quixote's library, but was not one of those burnt by the cure as
+pernicious and worthless.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Don Belianis,&quot; said the cur&eacute;, &quot;with its two, three, and four parts,
+hath need of a dose of rhubarb to purge off that mass of bile with which
+he is inflamed. His Castle of Fame and other impertinences should be
+totally obliterated. This done, we would show him lenity in proportion
+as we found him capable of reform. Take don Belianis home with you, and
+keep him in close confinement.&quot;&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6
+(1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belinda</b>, niece and companion of lady John Brute. Young, pretty,
+full of fun, and possessed of &pound;10,000. Heartfree marries her.&mdash;Vanbrugh,
+<i>The Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belin'da</i>, the heroine of Pope's <i>Rape of the Lock</i>. This mock heroic
+is founded on the following incident:&mdash;Lord Petre cut a lock of hair
+from the head of Miss Arabella Fermor, and the young lady resented the
+liberty as an unpardonable affront. The poet says Belinda wore on her
+neck two curls, one of which the baron cut off with a pair of scissors
+borrowed of Clarissa, and when Belinda angrily demanded that it should
+be delivered up, it had flown to the skies and become a meteor there.
+(See BERENICE.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Belinda</i>, daughter of Mr. Blandford, in love with Beverley the brother
+of Clarissa. Her father promised sir William Bellmont that she should
+marry his son George, but George was already engaged to Clarissa.
+Belinda was very handsome, very independent, most irreproachable, and
+devotedly attached to Beverley. When he hinted suspicions of infidelity,
+she was too proud to deny their truth, but her pure and ardent love
+instantly rebuked her for giving her lover causeless pain.&mdash;A. Murphy,
+<i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belin'da</i>, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth's novel of the same name. The
+object of the tale is to make the reader <i>feel</i> what is good, and pursue
+it (1803).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belin'da</i>, a lodging-house servant-girl, very poor, very dirty, very
+kind-hearted, and shrewd in observation. She married, and Mr. Middlewick
+the butter-man set her husband up in business in the butter line.&mdash;H.
+J. Byron, <i>Our Boys</i> (1875).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beline</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), second wife of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>,
+and step-mother of Angelique, whom she hates. Beline pretends to love
+Argan devotedly, humors him in all his whims, calls him &quot;mon fils,&quot; and
+makes him believe that if he were to die it would be the death of her.
+Toinette induces Argan to put these specious protestations to the test
+by pretending to be dead. He does so, and when Beline enters the room,
+instead of deploring her loss, she cries in ecstasy:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Le ciel en soit lou&eacute;! Me voil&agrave; d&eacute;livr&eacute;e d'un pesant fardeau!... de quoi
+servait-il sur la terre? Un homme incommode &agrave; tout le monde, malpropre,
+d&eacute;go&ucirc;tant ... mouchant, toussant, crachant toujours, sans esprit,
+ennuyeux, de manvaise humeur, fatiguant sans cesse les gens, et grondant
+jour et nuit servantes et valets.&quot;&mdash;(iii. 18).</p>
+
+<p>She then proceeds to ransack the room for bonds, leases, and money; but
+Argan starts up and tells her she has taught him one useful lesson for
+life at any rate.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belisa'rius,</b> the greatest of Justinian's generals. Being accused of
+treason, he was deprived of all his property, and his eyes were put
+out. In this state he retired to Constantinople, where he lived by
+begging. The story says he fastened a label to his hat, containing these
+words, &quot;<i>Give an obolus to poor old Belisarius</i>.&quot; Marmontel has written
+a tale called <i>Belisaire</i>, which has helped to perpetuate these fables,
+originally invented by Tzetz&ecirc;s or Caesios, a Greek poet, born at
+Constantinople in 1120.</p>
+
+<p><b>B&eacute;lise</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.), and, like her,
+a <i>femme savante</i>. She imagines that every one is in love with
+her.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bell</b> (<i>Adam</i>), a wild, north-country outlaw, noted, like Robin
+Hood, for his skill in archery. His place of residence was Englewood
+Forest, near Carlisle; and his two comrades were Clym of the Clough
+[<i>Clement of the Cliff</i>] and William of Cloudesly (3 <i>syl</i>.). William
+was married, but the other two were not. When William was captured at
+Carlisle, and was led to execution, Adam and Clym rescued him, and all
+three went to London to crave pardon of the king, which, at the queen's
+intercession, was granted them. They then showed the king specimens of
+their skill in archery, and the king was so well pleased that he made
+William a &quot;gentleman of fe,&quot; and the two others yeomen of the
+bedchamber.&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i> (&quot;Adam Bell,&quot; etc.), I. ii. I.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bell</i>. Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bront&eacute; assumed the <i>noms de plume</i> of
+Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell (first half of the nineteenth century).
+Currer Bell or Bront&eacute; married the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls. She was the
+author of <i>Jane Eyre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>It will be observed that the initial letter of both names is in every
+case preserved throughout&mdash;<i>Acton</i> (Anne), <i>Currer</i> (Charlotte), <i>Ellis</i>
+(Emily), and <i>Bell</i> (Bront&eacute;).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bell</i> (<i>Bessy</i>). Bessy Bell and Mary Gray were the daughters of two
+country gentlemen near Perth. When the plague broke out in 1666 they
+built for themselves a bower in a very romantic spot called Burn Braes,
+to which they retired, and were supplied with food, etc., by a young man
+who was in love with both of them. The young man caught the plague,
+communicated it to the two young ladies, and all three died.&mdash;Allan
+Eamsay, <i>Bessy Bell and Mary Gray</i> (a ballad).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bell (Peter)</i>, the subject of a &quot;tale in verse&quot; by Wordsworth. Shelley
+wrote a burlesque upon it, entitled <i>Peter Bell the Third.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Bell (The Old Chapel</i>) J. G. Saxe's
+poem under this title is founded upon
+a legend of a boy, who, wandering in a
+churchyard, hears a musical articulate
+murmur from a disused bell hidden by
+matted grass.</p>
+
+Its very name and date concealed<br>
+Beneath a cankering crust. (1859.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Bell-the-Cat,</b> sobriquet of Archibald Douglas, great-earl of Angus,
+who died in 1514.</p>
+
+<p>The mice, being much annoyed by the persecutions of a cat, resolved that
+a bell should be hung about her neck to give notice of her approach. The
+measure was agreed to in full council, but one of the sager mice
+inquired, &quot;Who would undertake to bell the cat?&quot; When Lauder told this
+fable to a council of Scotch nobles, met to declaim against one Cochran,
+Archibald Douglas started up and exclaimed in thunder, &quot;I will;&quot; and
+hence the sobriquet referred to.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Tales of a
+Grandfather</i>, xxii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bella</b>, sweet girl-cousin, the first love and life-long friend of
+the hero of <i>Dream-Life</i>, by Ik Marvel. Re-visiting his native place
+after years of foreign travel, he learns that Bella is dead, and goes to
+her grave, where dry leaves are entangled in the long grass, &quot;giving it
+a ragged, terrible look&quot; (1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bella Wilfer</b>, a lovely, wilful, lively spoilt darling. She married
+John Rokesmith (i.e., John Harmon).&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Our Mutual Friend</i>
+(1864).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellamy</b>, a steady young man, looking out for a wife &quot;capable of
+friendship, love, and tenderness, with good sense enough to be easy, and
+good nature enough to like him.&quot; He found his beau-ideal in Jacintha,
+who had besides a fortune of &pound;30,000.&mdash;Dr. Hoadly, <i>The Suspicious
+Husband</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bella'rio,</b> the assumed name of Euphrasia, when she put on boy's
+apparel that she might enter the service of prince Philaster, whom she
+greatly loved.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster, or Love Lies
+A-Bleeding</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellaston</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a profligate, from whom Tom Jones accepts
+support. Her conduct and conversation may be considered a fair
+photograph of the &quot;beauties&quot; of the court of George II.&mdash;Fielding,
+<i>History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p>
+
+The character of Jones, otherwise a model of<br>
+generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled<br>
+with thoughtless dissipation, is unnecessarily degraded<br>
+by the nature of his intercourse with lady<br>
+Bellaston.&mdash;<i>Encyc. Brit.</i> Art. &quot;Fielding.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Belle Cordiere</b> (<i>La</i>), Louise Lab&eacute;, who married Ennemond Perrin, a
+wealthy rope-maker (1526-1566).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belle Corisande</b> (<i>La</i>), Diane comtesse de Gruiche et de Grammont
+(1554-1620).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellefontaine</b> <i>(Benedict)</i>, the wealthy farmer of Grande Pr&eacute; [<i>Nova
+Scotia</i>] and father of Evangeline. When the inhabitants of his village
+were driven into exile, Benedict died of a broken heart as he was about
+to embark, and was buried on the sea-shore.&mdash;Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i>
+(1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel'lenden</b> (<i>Lady Margaret</i>), an old Tory lady, mistress of the
+Tower of Tillietudlem.</p>
+
+<p><i>Old major Miles Bellenden</i>, brother of lady Margaret.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Edith Bellenden</i>, granddaughter of lady Margaret, betrothed to
+lord Evendale, of the king's army, but in love with Morton (a leader of
+the covenanters and the hero of the novel). After the death of lord
+Evendale, who is shot by Balfour, Edith marries Morton, and this
+terminates the tale.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellero'phon</b> was falsely accused by Antea, wife of Proetos, King of
+Argos, and the enraged husband sent him to Lycia, to King Iobates, the
+father of Antea, with sealed tablets, asking that the bearer might be
+put to death. Iobates sent the youth on dangerous errands, but he came
+off unharmed from all. Among other exploits he killed the Chim&aelig;ra and
+slew the Amazons. Later, he tried to mount to Olympus on the winged
+horse Pegasus, but he fell and wandered about in melancholy madness on
+the Aleian field until he died. This peculiar form of madness is called
+<i>morbus Bellerophonteus</i>. Homer tells the story of Bellerophon in the
+Iliad, Book VI. Milton alludes to him, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, VII. 15-20.
+Hawthorne has told the story of the Chim&aelig;ra in <i>A Wonder Book.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Belle'rus</b> is the name of a personage invented by Milton as the
+supposed guardian of Land's End in Cornwall, the Bellerium of the
+Romans. In questioning as to where the body of the drowned Lycidas q.v.
+has been carried by the waves, he asks:</p>
+
+Or whether thou to our moist vows denied<br>
+Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old.<br>
+
+<p><i>Lycidas</i>, 159-60.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belle's Stratagem</b> (<i>The</i>). The &quot;belle&quot; is Letitia Hardy, and her
+stratagem was for the sake of winning the love of Doricourt, to whom she
+had been betrothed. The very fact of being betrothed to Letitia sets
+Doricourt against her, so she goes unknown to him to a masquerade, where
+Doricourt falls in love with &quot;the beautiful stranger.&quot; In order to
+accomplish the marriage of his daughter, Mr. Hardy pretends to be &quot;sick
+unto death,&quot; and beseeches Doricourt to wed Letitia before he dies.
+Letitia meets her betrothed in her masquerade dress, and unbounded is
+the joy of the young man to find that &quot;the beautiful stranger&quot; is the
+lady to whom he has been betrothed.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's
+Stratagem</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belle the Giant.</b> It is said that the giant Belle mounted on his
+sorrel horse at a place since called mount Sorrel. He leaped one mile,
+and the spot on which he lighted was called Wanlip (one-leap); thence he
+leaped a second mile, but in so doing &quot;burst all&quot; his girths, whence the
+spot was called Burst-all; in the third leap he was killed, and the spot
+received the name of Bellegrave.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belleur'</b>, companion of Pinac and Mirabel (&quot;the wild goose&quot;), of
+stout blunt temper; in love with Rosalu'ra, a daughter of
+Nantolet.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Wild Goose Chase</i> (1652).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bell Hamlyn</b>, young American girl, engaged to one man and in love
+with another, in <i>Kismet</i>, by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher, 1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellicent</b>, daughter of Gorlo&iuml;s lord of Tintag'il and his wife
+Ygern&ecirc; or Igerna. As the widow married Uther the pen-dragon, and was
+then the mother of king Arthur, it follows that Bellicent was half-sister
+of Arthur. Tennyson in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i> says that Bellicent
+was the wife of Lot king of Orkney, and mother of Gaw'ain and Mordred,
+but this is not in accordance either with the chronicle or the history,
+for Geoffrey in his <i>Chronicle</i> says that Lot's wife was Anne, the
+sister (not half-sister) of Arthur (viii. 20, 21), and sir T. Malory, in
+his <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> says:</p>
+
+King Lot of Lothan and Orkney wedded Margawse;<br>
+Nentres, of the land of Carlot, wedded<br>
+Elain; and that Morgan le Fay was [<i>Arthurs</i>]<br>
+third sister.&mdash;Pt. i. 2, 35, 36.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bel'lin</b>, the ram, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i>. The word
+means &quot;gentleness&quot; (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellingham</b>, a man about town.&mdash;D. Boucicault, <i>After Dark</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel'lisant</b>, sister of king Pepin of France, and wife of Alexander
+emperor of Constantinople. Being accused of infidelity, the emperor
+banished her, and she took refuge in a vast forest, where she became the
+mother of Valentine and Orson.&mdash;<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellmont</b> (<i>Sir William</i>), father of George Bellmont; tyrannical,
+positive, and headstrong. He imagines it is the duty of a son to submit
+to his father's will, even in the matter of matrimony.</p>
+
+<p><i>George Bellmont</i>, son of sir William, in love with Clarissa, his friend
+Beverley's sister; but his father demands of him to marry Belinda
+Blandford, the troth-plight wife of Beverley. Ultimately all comes
+right.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bello'na's Handmaids</b>, Blood, Fire, and Famine.</p>
+
+<p>The goddesse of warre, called Bellona, had these thre handmaids ever
+attendynge on her: BLOOD,
+FIRE, and FAMINE, which thre damosels be of that force and strength that
+every one of them alone is able and sufficient to torment and afflict a
+proud prince; and they all joyned together are of puissance to destroy
+the most populous country and most richest region of the world.&mdash;Hall,
+<i>Chronicle</i> (1530).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bellum</b> (<i>Master</i>), war.</p>
+
+A difference [<i>is</i>] 'twixt broyles and bloudie warres,&mdash;<br>
+Yet have I shot at Maister Bellum's butte,<br>
+And thrown his ball, although I toucht no tutte [<i>benefit</i>].<br>
+
+<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>The Fruites of Warre</i>, 94 (died 1577).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belmont</b> (<i>Sir Robert</i>), a proud, testy, mercenary country
+gentleman; friend of his neighbor, sir Charles Raymond.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles Belmont</i>, son of sir Robert, a young rake. He rescued Fidelia,
+at the age of twelve, from the hands of Villard, a villain who wanted to
+abuse her, and taking her to his own home, fell in love with her, and in
+due time married her. She turns out to be the daughter of sir Charles
+Raymond.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rosetta Belmont</i>, daughter of sir Robert, high-spirited, witty, and
+affectionate. She is in love with colonel Raymond, whom she delights in
+tormenting.&mdash;Ed. Moore, <i>The Foundling</i> (1748).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belmont</i> (<i>Andrew</i>), the elder of two brothers, who married Violetta
+(an English lady born in Lisbon), and deserted her. He then promised
+marriage to Lucy Waters, the daughter of one of his tenants, but had no
+intention of making her his wife. At the same time he engaged himself to
+Sophia, the daughter of sir Benjamin Dove. The day of the wedding
+arrived, and it was then discovered that he was married already, and
+that Violetta his wife was actually present.</p>
+
+<p><i>Robert Belmont</i>, the younger of the two brothers, in love with Sophia
+Dove. He went to sea in a privateer under captain Ironside, his uncle,
+and changed his name to Lewson. The vessel was wrecked on the Cornwall
+coast, and he renewed his acquaintance with Sophia, but heard that she
+was engaged in marriage to his brother. As, however, it was proved that
+his brother was already married, the young lady willingly abandoned the
+elder for the younger brother.&mdash;K. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i> (1769).</p>
+
+<p><b>Belmour</b> (<i>Edward</i>), a gay young man about town.&mdash;Congreve, <i>The Old
+Bachelor</i> (1693).</p>
+
+<p><i>Belmour (Mrs</i>.), a widow of &quot;agreeable vivacity, entertaining manners,
+quickness of transition from one thing to another, a feeling heart, and
+a generosity of sentiment.&quot; She it is who shows Mrs. Lovemore the way to
+keep her husband at home, and to make him treat her with that deference
+which is her just due.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>The Way to Keep Him</i> (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beloved Disciple</b> (<i>The</i>), St. John &quot;the divine,&quot; and writer of the
+fourth Gospel.&mdash;<i>John</i> xiii. 23, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beloved Physician</b> (<i>The</i>), St. Luke the evangelist.&mdash;<i>Col.</i> iv. 14.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bel'phegor,</b> a Moabitish deity, whose orgies were celebrated on
+mount Phegor, and were noted for their obscenity.</p>
+
+<p><b>Belphoe'be</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>). &quot;All the Graces rocked her cradle when she
+was born.&quot; Her mother was Chrysog'on&ecirc; (4 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Amphisa of
+fairy lineage, and her twin-sister was Amoretta. While the mother and
+her babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoeb&ecirc;) to bring up, and Venus
+took the other.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Belphoebe is the &quot;Diana&quot; among women, cold, passionless, correct,
+and strong-minded. Amoret is the &quot;Venus,&quot; but without the licentiousness
+of that goddess, warm, loving, motherly, and wifely. Belphoeb&ecirc; was a
+lily; Amoret a rose. Belphoeb&ecirc; a moonbeam, light without heat; Amoret a
+sunbeam, bright and warm and life-giving. Belphoeb&ecirc; would go to the
+battle-field, and make a most admirable nurse or lady-conductor of an
+ambulance; but Amoret would prefer to look after her husband and family,
+whose comfort would be her first care, and whose love she would seek and
+largely reciprocate.&mdash;See Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. vi. (1590).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Belphoeb&ecirc;&quot; is queen Elizabeth. As <i>queen</i> she is Gloriana, but as
+<i>woman</i> she is Belphoeb&ecirc;, the beautiful and chaste.</p>
+
+Either Grloriana let her choose,<br>
+Or in Belphoebe fashioned to be;<br>
+<br>
+In one her rule, in the other her rare chastitie.<br>
+<br>
+Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i> (introduction to bk. iii.).<br>
+
+<p><b>Belted Will</b>, lord William Howard, warden of the western marches
+(1563-1640).</p>
+
+His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt,<br>
+Hung in a broad and studded belt;<br>
+Hence in rude phrase the Borderers still<br>
+Called noble Howard &quot;Belted Will.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+Sir W. Scott.<br>
+
+<p><b>Belten'ebros</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>). Amadis of Graul assumes the name when he
+retires to the Poor Rock, after receiving a cruel letter from Oria'na
+his lady-love.&mdash;Vasco de Lobeira, <i>Amadis de Gaul</i>, ii. 6 (before 1400).</p>
+
+One of the most distinguishing testimonies<br>
+which that hero gave of his fortitude, constancy,<br>
+and love, was his retiring to the Poor Rock when<br>
+in disgrace with his mistress Oriana, to do penance<br>
+under the name of <i>Beltenebros</i> or the <i>Lovely<br>
+Obscure.</i>&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iii. 11 (1605).<br>
+
+<p><b>Belvide'ra,</b> daughter of Priu'li a senator of Venice. She was saved
+from the sea by Jaffier, eloped with him, and married him. Her father
+then discarded her, and her husband joined the conspiracy of Pierre to
+murder the senators. He tells Belvidera of the plot, and Belvidera, in
+order to save her father, persuades Jaffier to reveal the plot to
+Priuli, if he will promise a general free pardon. Priuli gives the
+required promise, but notwithstanding, all the conspirators, except
+Jaffier, are condemned to death by torture. Jaffier stabs Pierre to save
+him from the dishonor of the wheel, and then kills himself. Belvidera
+goes mad and dies.&mdash;Otway, <i>Venice Preserved</i> (1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben</b> [LEGEND], sir Sampson Legend's younger son, a sailor and a
+&quot;sea-wit,&quot; in whose composition there enters no part of the conventional
+generosity and open frankness of a British tar. His slang phrase is
+&quot;D'ye see,&quot; and his pet oath &quot;Mess!&quot;&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>Love for Love</i>
+(1695). I cannot agree with the following sketch:&mdash;</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>What is <i>Ben</i>&mdash;the pleasant sailor which Bannister
+gives us&mdash;but a piece of satire ... a
+dreamy combination of all the accidents of a
+sailor's character, his contempt of money, his
+credulity to women, with that necessary estrangement
+from home?... We never think the
+worse of Ben for it, or feel it as a stain upon his
+character.&mdash;C. Lamb.</p>
+
+<p>C. Dibdin says: &quot;If the description of Thom.
+Doggett's performance of this character be correct,
+the part has certainly never been performed
+since to any degree of perfection.&quot;</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Ben Bolt,</b> old schoolmate with whom Thomas Dunn English exchanges
+reminiscences in the ballad, <i>Ben Bolt</i>, beginning:</p>
+
+Don't you remember sweet Alice, Ben Bolt?<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Alice, whose hair was so brown;</span><br>
+Who wept with delight when you gave her a smile,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And trembled with fear at your frown. (1845.)</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ben-Hur,</b> a young Jew, who, for accidentally injuring a Roman
+soldier, is condemned to the galleys for life. Escaping, after three
+years of servitude, through the favor of Arrius, a Roman Tribune, he
+seeks his mother and sister to find both lepers. They are healed by
+Christ, whose devoted followers they become.&mdash;Lew Wallace, <i>Ben-Hur: A
+Tale of the Christ</i> (1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben Israel</b> (<i>Nathan</i>) or <b>Nathan ben Samuel,</b> the physician and
+friend of Isaac the Jew.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben Joc'hanan,</b> in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dryden
+and Tate, is meant for the Rev. Samuel Johnson, who suffered much
+persecution for his defence of the right of private judgment.</p>
+
+Let Hebron, nay, let hell produce a man<br>
+So made for mischief as Ben Jochanan.<br>
+A Jew of humble parentage was he,<br>
+By trade a Levite, though of low degree.<br>
+<br>
+Part ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Benai'ah</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), in <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for
+general George Edward Sackville. As Benaiah, captain of David's guard,
+adhered to Solomon against Adonijah, so general Sackville adhered to the
+duke of York against the prince of Orange (1590-1652).</p>
+
+Nor can Benaiah's worth forgotten lie,<br>
+Of steady soul when public storms were high.<br>
+<br>
+Dryden and Tate, part ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Benas'kar</b> or <b>Bennaskar</b>, a wealthy merchant and magician of
+Delhi.&mdash;James Ridley, <i>Tales of the Genii</i> (&quot;History of Mahoud,&quot; tale
+vii., 1751).</p>
+
+<p><b>Benbow</b> (<i>Admiral</i>). In an engagement with the French near St.
+Martha on the Spanish coast in 1701, admiral Benbow had his legs and
+thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot, but supported in a wooden
+frame he remained on the quarter-deck till morning, when Du Casse
+sheered off.</p>
+
+<p>Similar acts of heroism are recorded of Almeyda, the Portuguese governor
+of India, of Cynaegiros brother of the poet AEschylos, of Jaafer the
+standard-bearer of &quot;the prophet&quot; in the battle of Muta, and of some
+others.</p>
+
+<p><i>Benbow</i>, an idle, generous, free-and-easy sot, who spent a good
+inheritance in dissipation, and ended life in the workhouse.</p>
+
+Benbow, a boon companion, long approved<br>
+By jovial sets, and (as he thought) beloved,<br>
+Was judged as one to joy and friendship prone,<br>
+And deemed injurious to himself alone.<br>
+<br>
+Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>, xvi. (1810).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bend-the-Bow,</b> an English archer at Dickson's cottage.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Benedick</b>, a wild, witty, and light-hearted young lord of Padua, who
+vowed celibacy, but fell in love with Beatrice and married her. It fell
+out thus: He went on a visit to Leonato, governor of Messina; here he
+sees Beatrice, the governor's niece, as wild and witty as himself, but
+he dislikes her, thinks her pert and forward, and somewhat ill-mannered
+withal. However, he hears Claudio speaking to Leonata about Beatrice,
+saying how deeply she loves Benedick, and bewailing that so nice a girl
+should break her heart with unrequited love. This conversation was a
+mere ruse, but Benedick believed it to be true, and resolved to reward
+the love of Beatrice with love and marriage. It so happened that
+Beatrice had been entrapped by a similar conversation which she had
+overheard from her cousin Hero. The end was they sincerely loved each
+other, and became man and wife.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i>
+(1600). <b>Benedict</b> [BELLEFONTAINE], the wealthiest farmer of Grand
+Pr&eacute;, in Acadia, father of Evangeline (&quot;the pride of the village&quot;). He
+was a stalwart man of seventy, hale as an oak, but his hair was white as
+snow. Colonel Winslow in 1713 informed the villagers of Grand Pr&eacute; that
+the French had formally ceded their village to the English, that George
+II. now confiscated all their lands, houses, and cattle, and that the
+people, amounting to nearly 2000, were to be &quot;exiled into other lands
+without delay.&quot; The people assembled on the sea-shore; old Benedict
+Bellefontaine sat to rest himself, and fell dead in a fit. The old
+priest buried him in the sand, and the exiles left their village homes
+forever.&mdash;Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben'engel'i</b> (<i>Cid Hamet</i>), the hypothetical Moorish chronicler from
+whom Cervant&ecirc;s pretends he derived the account of the adventures of don
+Quixote.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The Spanish commentators ... have discovered
+that <i>cid Hamet Benengeli</i> is after all no more
+than an Arabic version of the name of Cervant&ecirc;s
+himself. <i>Hamet</i> is a Moorish prefix, and <i>Benengeli</i>
+signifies &quot;son of a stag,&quot; in Spanish <i>Cervanteno.</i>&mdash;Lockhart.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Benengeli</i> (<i>Cid Hamet</i>), Thomas Babington lord Macaulay. His signature
+in his <i>Fragment of an Ancient Romance</i> (1826). (See Cid, etc.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Benev'olus,</b> in Cowper's <i>Task</i>, is John Courtney Throckmorton, of
+Weston Underwood.</p>
+
+<p><b>Benjamin Penguillan.</b> <i>The Pioneers</i>, by J. F. Cooper. A servant in
+the family of Judge Temple. His sobriquet is &quot;Ben Pump.&quot; (1823.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Benjie</b> <i>(Little)</i>, or Benjamin Colthred, a spy employed by Cristal
+Nixon, the agent of Redgauntlet.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben'net</b> <i>(Brother)</i>, a monk at St. Mary's convent.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ben'net (Mrs.)</i>, a demure, intriguing woman in <i>Amelia</i>, a novel by
+Fielding (1751).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben'oiton</b> <i>(Madame)</i>, a woman who has been the ruin of the family
+by neglect. In the &quot;famille Benoiton&quot; the constant question was &quot;<i>O&ugrave; est
+Madame?</i>&quot; and the invariable answer &quot;<i>Elle est sortie</i>&quot; At the
+<i>d&eacute;nouement</i> the question was asked again, and the answer was varied
+thus, &quot;Madam has been at home, but is gone out again.&quot;&mdash;<i>La Famille
+Benoiton</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ben'shee,</b> the domestic spirit or demon of certain Irish families.
+The benshee takes an interest in the prosperity of the family to which
+it is attached, and intimates to it approaching disaster or death by
+wailings or shrieks. The Scotch Bodach Glay or &quot;grey spectre&quot; is a
+similar spirit. Same as <i>Banshee</i> (which see).</p>
+
+How oft has the Benshee cried!<br>
+How oft has death untied<br>
+Bright links that glory wove,<br>
+Sweet bonds entwined by love!<br>
+<br>
+T. Moore, <i>Irish Melodies</i>, ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Benvo'lio</b>, nephew to Montague, and Romeo's friend. A testy,
+litigious fellow, who would quarrel about goat's wool or pigeon's milk.
+Mercutio says to him, &quot;Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing in
+the street, because he hath wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the
+sun&quot; (act iii. sc. 1),&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beowulf</b>, the name of an Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the sixth century.
+It received its name from Beowulf, who delivered Hrothgar king of
+Denmark from the monster Grrendel. This Grendel was half monster and
+half man, and night after night stole into the king's palace called
+Heorot, and slew sometimes as many as thirty of the sleepers at a time.
+Beowulf put himself at the head of a mixed band of warriors, went
+against the monster and slew it. This epic is very Ossianic in style, is
+full of beauties, and is most interesting.&mdash;<i>Kemble's Translation.</i></p>
+
+<p>(A.D. Wackerbarth published in 1849 a metrical translation of this
+Anglo-Saxon poem, of considerable merit.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Beppo.</b> Byron's <i>Beppo</i> is the husband of Laura, a Venetian lady. He
+was taken captive in Troy, turned Turk, joined a band of pirates, grew
+rich, and after several years returned to his native land. He found his
+wife at a carnival ball with a <i>cavaliero</i>, made himself known to her,
+and they lived together again as man and wife. (Beppo is a contraction
+of <i>Guiseppe</i>, as Joe is of <i>Joseph</i>, 1820.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Beppo</i>, in <i>Fra Diavolo</i>, an opera by Auber (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beralde</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), brother of Argan the <i>malade imaginaire</i>. He
+tells Argan that his doctors will confess this much, that the cure of a
+patient is a very minor consideration with them, &quot;<i>toute l'excellence de
+leur art consiste en un pompeux galimatias, en un sp&eacute;cieux babil, qui
+vous donne des mots pour des raisons, et des promesses pour des
+effets.</i>&quot; Again he says, &quot;<i>presque tous les hommes meurent de leur
+rem&egrave;des et non pas de leurs maladies</i>.&quot; He then proves that Argan's wife
+is a mere hypocrite, while his daughter is a true-hearted, loving girl;
+and he makes the invalid join in the dancing and singing provided for
+his cure.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673). <b>Berch'ta</b> (&quot;<i>the
+white lady</i>&quot;), a fairy of southern Germany, answering to Hulda (&quot;the
+gracious lady&quot;) of northern Germany. After the introduction of
+Christianity, Berchta lost her first estate and lapsed into a bogie.</p>
+
+<p><b>Berecynthian Goddess</b> (<i>The</i>). Cybel&ecirc; is so called from mount
+Berecyntus, in Phrygia, where she was held in especial adoration. She is
+represented as crowned with turrets, and holding keys in her hand.</p>
+
+Her helm&egrave;d head<br>
+Rose like the Berecynthian goddess crowned<br>
+With towers.<br>
+<br>
+Southey, <i>Roderick, etc.</i>, ii. (1814).<br>
+
+<p><b>Berecyn'thian Hero</b> (<i>The</i>), Midas king of Phyrgia, so called from
+mount Berecyn'tus (4 <i>syl</i>.), in Phrygia.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Berenga'ria</b>, queen-consort of Richard Coeur de Lion, introduced in
+<i>The Talisman</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (1825). Berengaria died 1230.</p>
+
+<p><b>Berenger</b> (<i>Sir Raymond</i>), an old Norman warrior, living at the
+castle of Garde Doloureuse.</p>
+
+<p><i>The lady Eveline</i>, sir Raymond's daughter, betrothed to sir Hugo de
+Lacy. Sir Hugo cancels his own betrothal in favor of his nephew (sir
+Damian de Lacy), who marries the lady Eveline, &quot;the betrothed.&quot;&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bereni'ce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), sister-wife of Ptolemy III. She vowed to
+sacrifice her hair to the gods if her husband returned home the
+vanquisher of Asia. On his return, she suspended her hair in the temple
+of the war-god, but it was stolen the first night, and Conon of Samos
+told the king that the winds had carried it to heaven, where it still
+forms the seven stars near the tail of Leo, called <i>Coma Berenices</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Pope, in <i>his Rape of the Lock</i>, has borrowed this fable to account for
+the lock of hair cut from Belinda's head, the restoration of which the
+young lady insisted upon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bereni'ce</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Agrippa. She
+married Herod king of Chalcis, then Polemon king of Cilicia, and then
+went to live with Agrippa II. her brother. Titus fell in love with her
+and would have married her, but the Romans compelled him to renounce the
+idea, and a separation took place. Otway (1672) made this the subject of
+a tragedy called <i>Titus and Berenic&ecirc;</i>; and Jean Racine (1670), in his
+tragedy of <i>B&eacute;r&eacute;nice</i>, has made her a sort of Henriette d'Orleans.</p>
+
+<p>(Henriette d'Orleans, daughter of Charles I. of England, married
+Philippe due d'Orl&eacute;ans, brother of Louis XIV. She was brilliant in
+talent and beautiful in person, but being neglected by her husband, she
+died suddenly after drinking a cup of chocolate, probably poisoned.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Berenice</i>, heroine of a tragic-comic fantasy by Edgar Allan Poe, in
+which Berenice's teeth hold a position as conspicuous as ghastly (1845).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beringhen</b> (<i>The Sieur de</i>), an old gourmand, who preferred patties
+to treason; but cardinal Richelieu banished him from France, saying:</p>
+
+Sleep not another night in Paris,<br>
+Or else your precious life may be in danger.<br>
+<br>
+Lord Lytton, <i>Richelieu</i> (1839).<br>
+
+<p><b>Berin'thia</b>, cousin of Amanda; a beautiful young widow attached to
+colonel Townly. In order to win him she plays upon his jealousy by
+coquetting with Loveless.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>A Trip to Scarborough</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><b>Berke'ley</b> (<i>The Old Woman of</i>), a woman whose life had been very
+wicked. On her death-bed she sent for her son who was a monk, and for
+her daughter who was a nun, and bade them put her in a strong stone
+coffin, and to fasten the coffin to the ground with strong bands of
+iron. Fifty priests and fifty choristers were to pray and sing over her
+for three days, and the bell was to toll without ceasing. The first
+night passed without much disturbance. The second night the candles
+burnt blue and dreadful yells were heard outside the church. But the
+third night the devil broke into the church and carried off the old
+woman on his black horse.&mdash;R. Southey, <i>The Old Woman of Berkeley</i> (a
+ballad from Olaus Magnus).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Dr. Sayers pointed out to us in conversation
+a story related by Olaus Magnus of a witch whose
+coffin was confined by three chains, but nevertheless
+was carried off by demons. Dr. Sayers
+had made a ballad on the subject; so had I;
+but after seeing <i>The Old Woman of Berkeley</i>, we
+awarded it the preference.&mdash;W. Taylor.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Berke'ly</b> (<i>The lady Augusta</i>), plighted to sir John de Walton,
+governor of Douglas Castle. She first appears under the name of
+Augustine, disguised as the son of Bertram the minstrel, and the novel
+concludes with her marriage to De Walton, to whom Douglas Castle had
+been surrendered.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Berkshire Lady</b> (<i>The</i>), Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of sir
+William Kendrick, second baronet; his father was created baronet by
+Charles II. The line, &quot;Faint heart never won fair lady,&quot; was the advice
+of a friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of
+the lady.&mdash;<i>Quarterly Review</i>, cvi. 205-245.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bernard.</b> Solomon Bernard, engraver of Lions (sixteenth century),
+called <i>Le petit Bernard</i>. Claud Bernard of Dijon, the philanthropist
+(1588-1641), is called <i>Poor Bernard.</i> Pierre Joseph Bernard, the French
+poet (1710-1755), is called <i>Le gentil Bernard.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Bernard</i>, an ass; in Italian <i>Bernardo</i>. In the beast-epic called
+<i>Reynard the Fox</i>, the <i>sheep</i> is called &quot;Bernard,&quot; and the <i>ass</i> is
+&quot;Bernard l'archip&ecirc;tre&quot; (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bernard Langdon</b>, fine young fellow of the &quot;Brahmin Caste,&quot; who
+teaches school while preparing for a profession.&mdash;Oliver Wendell Holmes,
+<i>Elsie Venner</i> (1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bernar'do,</b> an officer in Denmark, to whom the ghost of the murdured
+king appeared during the night-watch at the royal castle.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Hamlet</i> (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bernardo del Carpio</b>, one of the favorite subjects of the old
+Spanish minstrels. The other two were <i>The Cid</i> and <i>Lara's Seven
+Infants</i>. Bernardo del Carpio was the person who assailed Orlando (or
+Rowland) at Roncesvalles, and finding him invulnerable, took him up in
+his arms and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did
+Antae'os.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. ii. 13 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of the
+foot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Berser'ker,</b> grandson of the eight-handed Starka'der and the
+beautiful Alfhil'de. He was so called because he wore &quot;no shirt of
+mail,&quot; but went to battle unharnessed. He married the daughter of
+Swaf'urlam, and had twelve sons. (<i>Baer-syrce</i>, Anglo-Saxon, &quot;bare of
+shirt;&quot; Scotch, &quot;bare-sark.&quot;)</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>You say that I am a Berserker, and ... bare-sark
+I go to-morrow to the war, and bare-sark I
+win that war or die.&mdash;Rev. C. Kingsley, <i>Hereward
+the Wake</i>, i. 247.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bertha</b>, the supposed daughter of Vandunke (2 <i>syl</i>.),
+burgomaster of Bruges, and mistress of Goswin, a rich merchant of the
+same city. In reality. Bertha is the duke of Brabant's daughter
+<i>Gertrude</i>, and Goswin is <i>Florez</i>, son of Gerrard king of the
+beggars.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Beggars' Bush</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ber'tha</i>, daughter of Burkhard duke of the Alemanni, and wife of Rudolf
+II. king of Burgundy beyond Jura. She is represented on monuments of the
+time as sitting on her throne spinning.</p>
+
+Yon are the beautiful Bertha the Spinner, the queen of Helvetia; ...<br>
+Who as she rode on her palfrey o'er valley, and meadow, and mountain,<br>
+Ever was spinning her thread from the distaff fixed to her saddle.<br>
+She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i>, viii.<br>
+
+<p><i>Bertha, alias</i> AGATHA, the betrothed of Hereward (3 <i>syl</i>.), one of the
+emperor's Varangian guards. The novel concludes with Hereward enlisting
+under the banner of count Robert, and marrying Bertha.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ber'tha</i>, the betrothed of John of Leyden. When she went with her
+mother to ask count Oberthal's permission to marry, the count resolved
+to make his pretty vassal his mistress, and confined her in his castle.
+She made her escape and went to Munster, intending to set fire to the
+palace of &quot;the prophet,&quot; who, she thought, had caused the death of her
+lover. Being seized and brought before the prophet, she recognized in
+him her lover, and exclaiming, &quot;I loved thee once, but now my love is
+turned to hate,&quot; stabbed herself and died.&mdash;Meyerbeer, <i>Le Proph&egrave;te</i> (an
+opera, 1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertha Amory</b>, wife of Richard Amory and used by him in political
+intrigues, in <i>Through One Administration</i>, by Francis Hodgson Burnett.
+Secretly, and against her will, in love with Trevannion, an army officer
+whom she has known from childhood (1883).</p>
+
+<p><b>Berthe an Grand-Pied,</b> mother of Charlemagne, so called from a
+club-foot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertie Cecil</b>, noble young Englishman who assumes his brother's
+crime to save the family name, and exiles himself as a soldier in the
+French army of Algiers. Eventually his fame is cleared and he returns to
+England as lord Royalieu.&mdash;Ouida, <i>Under Two Flags</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertie the Lamb</b>, professional dude, with a heart yet softer than
+his head, in <i>The Henrietta</i>, a play of New York life, by Bronson
+Howard. Stuart Robson's impersonation of &quot;Bertie&quot; is without a flaw
+(1887).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertolde</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the hero of a little <i>jeu d'esprit</i> in Italian
+prose by Julio C&aelig;sare Croc&ecirc; (2 <i>syl</i>.). He is a comedian by profession,
+whom nothing astonishes. He is as much at his ease with kings and queens
+as with those of his own rank. Hence the phrase <i>Imperturbable as
+Bertolde</i>, meaning &quot;never taken by surprise,&quot; &quot;never thrown off one's
+guard,&quot; &quot;never disconcerted.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertoldo</b> <i>(Prince)</i>, a knight of Malta, and brother of Roberto king
+of the two Sicilies. He was in love with Cami'ola &quot;the maid of honor,&quot;
+but could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While matters
+were at this crisis, Bertoldo laid siege to Sienna, and was taken
+prisoner. Camiola paid his ransom, but before he was released the
+duchess Aurelia requested him to be brought before her. As soon as the
+duchess saw him, she fell in love with him, and offered him marriage,
+and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The betrothed
+then presented themselves before the king. Here Camiola exposed the
+conduct of the knight; Roberto was indignant; Aurelia rejected her
+<i>fianc&eacute;</i> with scorn; and Camiola took the veil.&mdash;Massinger, <i>The Maid of
+Honor</i> (1637).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bertol'do</i>, the chief character of a comic romance called <i>Vita di
+Bertoldo</i>, by Julio Cesare Croc&ecirc;, who flourished in the sixteenth
+century. It recounts the successful exploits of a clever but ugly
+peasant, and was for two centuries as popular in Italy as <i>Robinson
+Crusoe</i> is in England. Same as, <i>Bertolde</i> and <i>Bartoldo</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertoldo's Son</b>, Rinaldo.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertram</b> <i>(Baron)</i>, one of Charlemagne's paladins.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ber'tram</i>, count of Rousillon. While on a visit to the king of France,
+Helena, a physician's daughter, cured the king of a. disorder which had
+baffled the court physicians. For this service the king promised her for
+husband any one she chose to select, and her choice fell on Bertram. The
+haughty count married her, it is true, but deserted her at once, and
+left for Florence, where he joined the duke's army. It so happened that
+Helena also stopped at Florence while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of
+St. Jacques le Grand. In Florence she lodged with a widow whose daughter
+Diana, was wantonly loved by Bertram. Helena obtained permission to
+receive his visits in lieu of Diana, and in one of these visits
+exchanged rings with him. Soon after this the count went on a visit to
+his mother, where he saw the king, and the king observing on his finger
+the ring he had given to Helena, had him arrested on the suspicion of
+murder. Helena now came forward to explain matters, and all was
+well, for all ended well.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i>
+(1598).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>I cannot reconcile my heart to &quot;Bertram,&quot; a
+man noble without generosity, and young without
+truth; who marries Helena as a coward, and
+leaves her as a profligate. When she is dead by
+his unkindness he sneaks home to a second marriage,
+is accused by a woman whom he has
+wronged, defends himself by falsehood, and is
+dismissed to happiness.&mdash;Dr. Johnson.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Bertram</i> (<i>Sir Stephen</i>), an austere merchant, very just but not
+generous. Fearing lest his son should marry the sister of his clerk
+(Charles Ratcliffe), he dismissed Ratcliffe from his service, and being
+then informed that the marriage had already taken place, he disinherited
+his son. Sheva the Jew assured him that the lady had &pound;10,000 for her
+fortune, so he relented. At the last all parties were satisfied.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frederick Bertram</i>, only son of sir Stephen; he marries Miss Ratcliffe
+clandestinely, and incurs thereby his father's displeasure, but the
+noble benevolence of Sheva the Jew brings about a reconciliation and
+opens sir Bertram's eyes to &quot;see ten thousand merits,&quot; a grace for every
+pound.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Jew</i> (1776).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ber'tram</i> (<i>Count</i>), an outlaw, who becomes the leader of a band of
+robbers. Being wrecked on the coast of Sicily, he is conveyed to the
+castle of lady Imogine, and in her he recognizes an old sweetheart to
+whom in his prosperous days he was greatly attached. Her husband (St.
+Aldobrand), who was away at first, returning unexpectedly is murdered by
+Bertram; Imogine goes mad and dies; and Bertram puts an end to his own
+life.&mdash;C. Maturin, <i>Bertram</i> (1782-1825).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bertram</i> (<i>Mr. Godfrey</i>), the laird of Ellangowan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bertram</i>, his wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harry Bertram, alias</i> captain Vanbeest Brown, <i>alias</i> Dawson, <i>alias</i>
+Dudley, son of the laird, and heir to Ellangowan. Harry Bertram is in
+love with Julia Mannering, and the novel concludes with his taking
+possession of the old house at Ellangowan and marrying Julia.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lucy Bertram</i>, sister of Harry Bertram. She marries Charles Hazlewood,
+son of sir Robert Hazlewood, of Hazlewood.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Allen Bertram</i>, of Ellangowan, an ancestor of Mr. Godfrey Bertram.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dennis Bertram, Donohoe Bertram</i>, and <i>Lewis Bertram</i>, ancestors of Mr.
+Godfrey Bertram.</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain Andrew Bertram</i>, a relative of the family.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy
+Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bertram</i>, the English minstrel, and guide of lady Augusta Berkely; when
+in disguise she calls herself the minstrel's son.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Castle
+Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ber'tram</i>, one of the conspirators against the republic of Venice.
+Having &quot;a hesitating softness, fatal to a great enterprise,&quot; he betrayed
+the conspiracy to the senate.&mdash;Byron, <i>Marino Faliero</i> (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertra'mo</b>, the fiend-father of Robert le Diable. After alluring his
+son to gamble away all his property, he meets him near St. Ire'n&ecirc;, and
+Hel'ena seduces him to join in &quot;the Dance of Love.&quot; When at last
+Bertramo comes to claim his victim, he is resisted by Alice (the duke's
+foster-sister), who reads to Robert his mother's will. Being thus
+reclaimed, angels celebrate the triumph of good over evil.&mdash;Meyerbeer,
+<i>Roberto il Diavolo</i> (an opera, 1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertrand</b>, a simpleton and a villain. He is the accomplice of Robert
+Macaire, a libertine of unblushing impudence, who sins without
+compunction.&mdash;Daumier, <i>L'Auberge des Adrets.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Bertrand du Gueslin</b>, a romance of chivalry, reciting the adventures
+of this conn&eacute;table de France, in the reign of Charles V.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bertrand du Gueslin in prison.</i> The prince of Wales went to visit his
+captive Bertrand, and asking him how he fared, the Frenchman replied,
+&quot;Sir, I have heard the mice and the rats this many a day, but it is long
+since I heard the song of birds,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> I have been long a captive and
+have not breathed the fresh air.</p>
+
+<p>The reply of Bertrand du Gueslin calls to mind that of Douglas, called
+&quot;The Good sir James,&quot; the companion of Robert Bruce, &quot;It is better, I
+ween, to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> It is better
+to keep the open field than to be shut up in a castle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bertulphe</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), provost of Bruges, the son of a serf. By his
+genius and energy he became the richest, most honored, and most powerful
+man in Bruges. His arm was strong in fight, his wisdom swayed the
+council, his step was proud, and his eye untamed. He had one child, most
+dearly beloved, the bride of sir Bouchard, a knight of noble descent.
+Charles &quot;the Good,&quot; earl of Flanders, made a law (1127) that whoever
+married a serf should become a serf, and that serfs were serfs till
+manumission. By these absurd decrees Bertulphe the provost, his daughter
+Constance, and his knightly son-in-law were all serfs. The result was
+that the provost slew the earl and then himself, his daughter went mad
+and died, and Bouchard was slain in fight.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of
+Bruges</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ber'wine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the favorite attendant of lady Er'mengarde (3
+<i>syl</i>.) of Baldringham, great-aunt of lady Eveline &quot;the betrothed.&quot;&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ber'yl Mol'ozane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the lady-love of George Geith. All
+beauty, love, and sunshine. She has a heart for every one, is ready to
+help every one, and is by every one beloved, yet her lot is most
+painfully unhappy, and ends in an early death.&mdash;F.G. Trafford [J.H.
+Riddell], <i>George Geith</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beso'nian</b> (<i>A</i>), a scoundrel. From the Italian, <i>bisognoso</i>, &quot;a
+needy person, a beggar.&quot;</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Proud lords do tumble from the towers of their
+high descents; and be trod under feet of every
+inferior besonian.&mdash;Thomas Nash, <i>Pierce Pennylesse,
+His Supplication, etc.</i> (1592).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bess</b> (<i>Good queen</i>), Elizabeth (1533, 1558-1603).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bess</i>, the daughter of the &quot;blind beggar of Bethnal Green,&quot; a lady by
+birth, a sylph for beauty, an angel for constancy and sweetness. She was
+loved to distraction by Wilford, and it turned out that he was the son
+of lord Woodville, and Bess the daughter of lord Woodville's brother; so
+they were cousins. Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their nuptials, and took
+them under her own especial conduct.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Beggar of Bethnal
+Green</i> (1834).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bess o' Bedlam</b>, a female lunatic vagrant, the male lunatic vagrant
+being called a <i>Tom o' Bedlam</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bessus</b>, governor of Bactria, who seized Dari'us (after the battle
+of Arbe'la) and put him to death. Arrian says, Alexander caused the
+nostrils of the regicide to be slit, and the tips of his ears to be cut
+off. The offender being then sent to Ecbat'ana, in chains, was put to
+death.</p>
+
+Lo! Bessus, he that armde with murderer's knyfe<br>
+And traytrous hart agaynst his royal king,<br>
+With bluddy hands bereft his master's life.<br>
+What booted him his false usurped raygne.<br>
+When like a wretche led in an iron chayne,<br>
+He was presented by his chiefest friende<br>
+Unto the foes of him whom he had slayne?<br>
+<br>
+T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i><br>
+(&quot;The Complaynt,&quot; 1587).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bes'sus</i> a cowardly bragging captain, a sort of Bobadil or Vincent de
+la Rosa. Captain Bessus, having received a challenge, wrote word back
+that he could not accept the honor for thirteen weeks, as he had already
+212 duels on hand, but he was much grieved that he could not appoint an
+earlier day.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>King and No King</i> (1619).</p>
+
+Rochester I despise for want of wit.<br>
+So often does he aim, so seldom hit ...<br>
+Mean in each action, lewd in every limb,<br>
+Manners themselves are mischievous in him ...<br>
+For what a Bessus has he always lived!<br>
+
+<p>Dryden, <i>Essay upon Satire</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beth March</b>, the third and gentlest sister in Louisa M. Alcott's
+novel &quot;<i>Little Women</i>&quot; (1868).</p>
+
+<p><b>Betsey</b>, the wife in Will Carleton's farm ballad, <i>Betsey and I are
+Out</i>. In dictating to a lawyer the terms of separation, the farmer
+reminds himself of the many excellent points of the offending spouse,
+and how &quot;she and I was happy before we quarrelled so.&quot;</p>
+
+And when she dies, I wish that she would be laid by me,<br>
+And, lyin' together in silence, perhaps we will agree;<br>
+And, if ever we meet in heaven I wouldn't think it queer<br>
+If we loved each other better because we quarrelled here.<br>
+<br>
+(1873.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Betsey Bobbet</b>, the sentimental spinster who wears out the patience
+of Josiah Allen's wife with poetry and opinions.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;She is fairly activ' to make a runnin' vine of herself.... It seems
+strange to me that them that preach up the doctrine of woman's only
+spear don't admire one who carries it out to its full extent.&quot;&mdash;Marietta
+Holley, <i>My Opinions and Betsey Bobbet's</i> (1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bettina Ward</b>, a Southern girl, poor and proud, in Constance
+Fenimore Woolson's story of <i>Rodman the Keeper</i>. &quot;A little creature that
+fairly radiated scorn at thought of receiving charity from a Yankee&quot;
+(1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Betty Doxy</b>, Captain Macheath says to her, &quot;Do you drink as hard as
+ever? You had better stick to good wholesome beer; for, in troth, Betty,
+strong waters will in time ruin your constitution. You should leave
+those to your betters.&quot;&mdash;Gray, <i>The Beggar's Opera</i>, ii. 1 (1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Betty Foy</b>, &quot;the idiot mother of an idiot boy &quot;&mdash;W. Wordsworth
+(1770-1850).</p>
+
+<p><b>Betty [Hint]</b>, servant in the family of sir Pertinax and lady
+McSycophant. She is a sly, prying tale-bearer, who hates Constantia (the
+beloved of Egerton McSycophant), simply because every one else loves
+her.&mdash;C. Macklin, <i>The Man of the World</i> (1764).</p>
+
+<p><b>Betty Leicester</b>, &quot;vivacious, whole-souled girl of the period,&quot;
+whose summer residence in a New England village introduces elements of
+fuller and sweeter life. A home-missionary of the better sort.&mdash;Sarah
+Orne Jewett, <i>Betty Leicester</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beulah</b>, a poor girl taken from an orphan asylum and brought up in a
+family of refinement and education. She develops strong traits of
+character and much intellectual ability. Her long struggles through the
+mists of rationalism result in clear views of and high faith in revealed
+religion. Her guardian, and long her teacher, loves her, and after years
+of waiting, wins her.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Have you learned that fame is an icy shadow?&quot; he asks upon his return
+from the protracted wanderings that have taught both how much they need
+one another. &quot;That gratified ambition cannot make you happy? Do you love
+me?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Yes.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Better than teaching school and writing learned articles?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Rather better, I believe, sir.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Beulah</i>, a novel by Augusta Evans Wilson (1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beuves</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), or <b>Buo'vo of Ay'gremont</b>, father of
+Malagigi, and uncle of Rinaldo. Treacherously slain by Ga'no.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beuves de Hantone</b>, French form for Bevis of Southampton (<i>q.v.</i>).
+&quot;Hantone&quot; is a French corruption of Southampton.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bev'an</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), an American physician, who befriends Martin
+Chuzzlewit and Mark Tapley in many ways during their stay in the New
+World.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bev'erley</b>, &quot;the gamester,&quot; naturally a good man, but led astray by
+Stukely, till at last he loses everything by gambling, and dies a
+miserable death.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Beverley</i>, the gamester's wife. She loves her husband fondly, and
+clings to him in all his troubles.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte Beverley</i>, in love with Lewson, but Stukely wishes to marry
+her. She loses all her fortune through her brother, &quot;the gamester,&quot; but
+Lewson notwithstanding marries her.&mdash;Edward Moore, <i>The Gamester</i>
+(1712-1757).</p>
+
+<p><i>Beverley</i>, brother of Clarissa, and the lover of Belinda Blandford. He
+is extremely jealous, and catches at trifles light as air to confirm his
+fears; but his love is most sincere, and his penitence most humble when
+he finds out how causeless his suspicions are. Belinda is too proud to
+deny his insinuations, but her love is so deep that she repents of
+giving him a moment's pain.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Beverley Thurston</b>, a lawyer, belonging to an old New York family,
+in love with Claire Twining, <i>The Ambitious Woman</i> of Edgar Fawcett's
+society novel (1883).</p>
+
+<p>He was a man of about forty years old, who
+had never married. His figure was tall and
+shapely; his face, usually grave, was capable of
+much geniality. He had travelled, read, thought,
+and observed. He stood somewhat high in the
+legal profession, and came, on the maternal side,
+of a somewhat noted family.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bev'il</b>, a model gentleman, in Steele's <i>Conscious Lovers</i>.</p>
+
+Whatever can deck mankind<br>
+Or charm the heart, in generous Bevil shewed.<br>
+<br>
+Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i> (&quot;Winter,&quot; 1726).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bevil</i> (<i>Francis, Harry, and George</i>), three brothers&mdash;one an M.P.,
+another in the law, and the third in the Guards&mdash;who, unknown to each
+other, wished to obtain in marriage the hand of Miss Grubb, the daughter
+of a rich stock-broker. The M.P. paid his court to the father, and
+obtained his consent; the lawyer paid his court to the mother, and
+obtained her consent; the officer paid his court to the young lady, and
+having obtained her consent, the other two brothers retired from the
+field.&mdash;O'Brien, <i>Cross Purposes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Be'vis</b>, the horse of lord Marmion.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Marmion</i> (1808).</p>
+
+<p><i>Be'vis</i> (<i>Sir</i>) of Southampton. Having reproved his mother, while still
+a lad, for murdering his father, she employed Saber to kill him; but
+Saber only left him on a desert land as a waif, and he was brought up as
+a shepherd. Hearing that his mother had married Mor'dure (2 <i>syl</i>.), the
+adulterer, he forced his way into the marriage hall and struck at
+Mordure; but Mordure slipped aside, and escaped the blow. Bevis was now
+sent out of the country, and being sold to an Armenian, was presented to
+the king. Jos'ian, the king's daughter, fell in love with him; they were
+duly married, and Bevis was knighted. Having slain the boar which made
+holes in the earth as big as that into which Curtius leapt, he was
+appointed general of the Armenian forces, subdued Brandamond of
+Damascus, and made Damascus tributary to Armenia. Being sent, on a
+future occasion, as ambassador to Damascus, he was thrust into a prison,
+where were two huge serpents; these he slew, and then effected his
+escape. His next encounter was with Ascupart the giant, whom he made his
+slave. Lastly, he slew the great dragon of Colein, and then returned to
+England, where he was restored to his lands and titles. The French call
+him <i>Beuves de Hantone</i>.&mdash;M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Sword of Bevis of Southampton</i> was Morglay, and his <i>steed</i>
+Ar'undel. Both were given him by his wife Josian, daughter of the king
+of Armenia.</p>
+
+<p><b>Beza'liel</b>, in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for
+the marquis of Worcester, afterwards duke of Beaufort. As Bezaliel, the
+famous artificer, &quot;was filled with the Spirit of God to devise excellent
+works in every kind of workmanship,&quot; so on the marquis of Worcester&mdash;</p>
+
+... so largely Nature heaped her store,<br>
+There scarce remained for arts to give him more.<br>
+<br>
+Dryden and Tate, part ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bezo'nian,</b> a beggar, a rustic. (Italian,
+<i>bisognoso</i>, &quot;necessitous.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>The ordinary tillers of the earth, such as we call <i>husbandmen</i>; in
+France, <i>pesants</i>; in Spane, <i>besonyans</i>; and generally
+<i>cloutshoe</i>.&mdash;Markham, <i>English Husbandman</i>, 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bian'ca,</b> the younger daughter of Baptista of Pad'ua, as gentle and
+meek as her sister Katherine was violent and irritable. As it was not
+likely any one would marry Katherine &quot;the shrew,&quot; the father resolved
+that Bianca should not marry before her sister. Petruchio married &quot;the
+shrew,&quot; and then Lucentio married Bianca.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the
+Shrew</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bianca</i>, daughter of a noble family in &quot;The Young Italian,&quot; one of the
+<i>Tales of a Traveller</i>, by Washington Irving. She is beloved
+passionately by the young Italian and betrothed to him. In his absence
+Filippo, the false friend of her lover, weds her. The betrayed friend on
+learning the truth kills Filippo, and is ever afterwards haunted by his
+dying face (1824).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bian'ca</i>, a courtesan, the &quot;almost&quot; wife of Cassio. Iago, speaking of
+the lieutenant, says:</p>
+
+And what was he?<br>
+Forsooth a great arithmetician.<br>
+One Michael Cassio, a Florentine,<br>
+A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife,<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>, act i. sc. I (1611).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bian'ca</i>, wife of Fazio. When her husband wantons with the marchioness
+Aldabella, Bianca, out of jealousy, accuses him to the duke of Florence
+of being privy to the death of Bartol'do, an old miser. Fazio being
+condemned to death, Bianca repents of her rashness, and tries to save
+her husband, but not succeeding, goes mad and dies.&mdash;Dean Milman,
+<i>Fazio</i> (1815).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bibbet</b> (<i>Master</i>), secretary to major-general Harrison, one of the
+parliamentary commissioners.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time,
+Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bibbie'na</b> (<i>Il</i>), cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in
+Tuscany. He was the author of <i>Calandra</i>, a comedy (1470-1520).</p>
+
+<p><b>&quot;Bible&quot; Butler</b>, <i>alias</i> Stephen Butler, grandfather of Reuben
+Butler, the presbyterian minister (married to Jeanie Deans).&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bib'lis</b>, a woman who fell in love with her brother Caunus, and was
+changed into a fountain near Mile'tus.&mdash;Ovid, <i>Met</i>. ix. 662.</p>
+
+Not that [<i>fountain</i>] where Biblis dropt, too fondly light,<br>
+Her tears and self may dare compare with this.<br>
+<br>
+Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, v. (1633).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bib'ulus</b>, a colleague of Julius C&aelig;sar, but a mere cipher in
+office; hence his name became a household word for a nonentity.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bic'kerstaff</b> (<i>Isaac</i>), a pseudonym of dean Swift, assumed in the
+paper-war with Partridge, the almanac-maker, and subsequently adopted by
+Steele in <i>The Tatler</i>, which was announced as edited by &quot;Isaac
+Bickerstaff, Esq., astrologer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bickerton</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), landlady of the Seven Stars inn of York, where
+Jeanie Deans stops on her way to London, whither she is going to plead
+for her sister's pardon.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bid'denden Maids</b> (<i>The</i>), two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth
+Chulkhurst, born at Biddenden in 1100. They were joined together by the
+shoulders and hips, and lived to the age of thirty-four. Some say that
+it was Mary and Elizabeth Chulkhurst who left twenty acres of land to
+the poor of Biddenden. This tenement called &quot;Bread and Cheese Land,&quot;
+because the rent derived from it is distributed on Easter Sunday in
+doles of bread and cheese. Halstead says, in his <i>History of Kent</i>, that
+it was the gift of two maidens named Preston, and not of the Biddenden
+Maids.</p>
+
+<p><b>Biddy</b>, servant to Wopsle's great-aunt, who kept an &quot;educational
+institution.&quot; A good, honest girl who falls in love with Pip, is loved
+by Dolge Orlick, but marries Joe Grargery.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Great
+Expectations</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Biddy [Bellair]</b> (<i>Miss</i>), &quot;Miss in her teens,&quot; in love with captain
+Loveit. She was promised in marriage by her aunt and guardian to an
+elderly man whom she detested; and during the absence of captain Loveit
+in the Flanders war, she coquetted with Mr. Fribble and captain Flash.
+On the return of her &quot;Strephon,&quot; she set Fribble and Flash together by
+the ears; and while they stood menacing each other, but afraid to fight,
+captain Loveit entered and sent them both to the right-about.&mdash;D.
+Garrick, <i>Miss in Her Teens</i> (1753).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bid&eacute;ford Postman</b> (<i>The</i>), Edward Capern, a poet, at one time a
+letter-carrier in Bid&eacute;ford (3 <i>syl</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bide-the-Bent</b> (<i>Mr. Peter</i>), minister of Wolf's Hope village.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bid'more</b> (<i>Lord</i>), patron of the Rev Josiah Cargill, minister of
+St. Ronan's.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Hon. Augustus Bidmore</i>, son of lord Bidmore, and pupil of the Rev.
+Josiah Cargill.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Augusta Bidmore</i>, daughter of lord</p>
+
+<p>Bidmore, beloved by the Rev. Josiah Cargill&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's
+Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bie'derman</b> (<i>Arnold</i>), <i>alias</i> count Arnold of Geierstein
+[<i>Gi'.er.stine</i>], landamman of Unterwalden. Anne of Geierstein, his
+brother's daughter, is under his charge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bertha Biederman</i>, Arnold's late wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ru'diger Biederman</i>, Arnold Biederman's son.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ernest Biederman</i>, brother of Rudiger.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sigismund Biederman</i>, nicknamed &quot;The Simple,&quot; another brother.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ulrick Biedermen</i>, youngest of the four brothers.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne
+of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Big-en'dians</b> (<i>The</i>), a hypothetical religious party of Lilliput,
+who made it a matter of &quot;faith&quot; to break their eggs at the &quot;big end.&quot;
+Those who broke them at the other end were considered heretics, and
+called <i>Little-endians</i>.&mdash;Dean Swift, <i>Gulliver's Travels</i> (1726).</p>
+
+<p><b>Big'low</b> (<i>Hosea</i>), the feigned author of <i>The Biglow Papers</i>
+(1848), really written by Professor James Russell Lowell of Boston,
+Mass. (1819-1891).</p>
+
+<p><b>Big'ot</b> (<i>De</i>), seneschal of prince John.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i>
+(time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Big'ot</i>, in C. Lamb's <i>Essays</i>, is John Fenwick, editor of the <i>Albion</i>
+newspaper.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bil'dai</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a seraph and the tutelar guardian of Matthew
+the apostle, the son of wealthy parents and brought up in great
+luxury.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iii. (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Billings</b> (<i>Josh</i>). A.W. Shaw so signs <i>His Book of Sayings</i> (1866).</p>
+
+<p>Ef a man hezn't a well-balanced mind I <i>du</i> admire to see him part his
+hair in the middle.</p>
+
+<p>Ef thar iz wun sayin' trewer than anuther it is that the devil iz
+allwaies ready fur kumpany.</p>
+
+<p><i>Josh Billings's Alminax</i> (1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Billingsgate</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). Beling was a friend of &quot;Brennus&quot; the Gaul,
+who owned a wharf called Beling's-gate. Geoffrey of Momnouth derives the
+word from Belin, a mythical king of the ancient Britons, who &quot;built a
+gate there,&quot; B.C. 400 (1142).</p>
+
+<p><b>Billy Barlow</b>, a merry Andrew, so-called from a semi-idiot, who
+fancied himself &quot;a great potentate.&quot; He was well known in the east of
+London, and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his sayings were
+really witty, and some of his attitudes truly farcical.</p>
+
+<p><b>Billy Black</b>, the conundrum-maker.&mdash;<i>The Hundred-pound Note</i>.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>When Keeley was playing &quot;Billy Black&quot; at
+Chelmsford, he advanced to the lights at the
+close of the piece, and said, &quot;I've one more, and
+this is a good un. Why is Chelmsford Theatre
+like a half-moon? D'ye give it up? Because it
+is never full.&quot;&mdash;<i>Records of a Stage Veteran</i>.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bimater</b> (&quot;<i>two-mother</i>&quot;). Bacchus was so called because at the
+death of his mother during gestation, Jupiter put the foetus into his
+own thigh for the rest of the time, when the infant Bacchus was duly
+brought forth.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bimbister</b> (<i>Margery</i>), the old Ranzelman's spouse.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bind'loose</b> (<i>John</i>), sheriff's clerk and banker at Marchthorn.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bingen</b> (<i>Bishop of</i>), generally called bishop Hatto. The tale is
+that during a famine, he invited the poor to his barn on a certain day,
+under the plea of distributing corn to them; but when the barn was
+crowded he locked the door and set fire to the building; for which
+iniquity he was himself devoured by an army of mice or rats. His castle
+is the Mouse-tower on the Rhine.</p>
+
+They almost devour me with kisses,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their arms about me entwine,</span><br>
+Till I think of the bishop of Bingen,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In his Mouse-tower on the Rhine.</span><br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>Birds of Passage</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Binks</b> (<i>Sir Bingo</i>), a fox-hunting baronet, and visitor at the Spa.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Binks</i>, wife of sir Bingo, but before marriage Miss Rachael
+Bonnyrigg. Visitor at the Spa with her husband.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St.
+Ronan's Well</i> (time, Greorge III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bi'on</b>, the rhetorician, noted for his acrimonious and sharp
+sayings.</p>
+
+Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro.<br>
+<br>
+Horace, <i>Epist</i>. ii. 2, 60.<br>
+
+<p><b>Biondel'lo</b>, one of the servants of Lucentio the future husband of
+Bianca (sister of &quot;the shrew&quot;). His fellow-servant is
+Tra'nio.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the Shrew</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Biorn</b>, the son of Heriulf, a Northman, who first touched the shores
+of the New World.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Across the unpathwayed seas,</span><br>
+Shot the brave prow that cut on Vinland sands<br>
+The first rune in the Saga of the West.<br>
+
+<p>James Russell Lowell, <i>The Voyage to Vinland</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Birch</b> (<i>Harvey</i>), a prominent character in <i>The Spy</i>, a novel by
+J.F. Cooper.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bird</b> (<i>My</i>). Fanny Forester (Emily Chubbuck Judson) thus addressed
+her baby daughter (1848).</p>
+
+There's not in Ind a lovelier bird:<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Broad earth owns not a happier nest.</span><br>
+Oh, God! Thou hast a fountain stirred<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whose waters never more shall rest.</span><br>
+<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+The pulse first caught its tiny stroke.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The blood its crimson hue from mine;</span><br>
+The life which I have dared invoke<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henceforth is parallel with THINE!</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Bird (The Little Green)</i>, of the frozen regions, which could reveal
+every secret and impart information of events past, present, or to come.
+Prince Chery went in search of it, so did his two cousins, Brightsun and
+Felix; last of all Fairstar, who succeeded in obtaining it, and
+liberating the princes who had failed in their attempts.&mdash;Comtesse
+D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Chery,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p>This tale is a mere reproduction of &quot;The Two Sisters,&quot; the last tale of
+the <i>Arabian Nights</i>, in which the bird is called &quot;Bulbulhezar, the
+talking bird.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bird Singing to a Monk.</b> The monk was Felix.&mdash;Longfellow, <i>Golden
+Legend</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bire'no</b>, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of
+Holland. He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was
+released by Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death
+by Oberto king of Ireland, who married the young widow.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i>, iv. v. (1516).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bire'no</i> (<i>Duke</i>), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It is the king's wish
+that he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess loves
+Pal'adore (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Briton. Bireno has a mistress named Alin'da,
+whom he induces to personate the princess, and in Paladore's presence
+she casts down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by. Bireno has
+Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and accuses the
+princess of unchastity&mdash;a crime in Lombardy punished by death. As the
+princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the duke, and kills
+him. The villainy is fully revealed, and the princess is married to the
+man of her choice, who had twice saved her life.&mdash;Robert Jephson, <i>The
+Law of Lombardy</i> (1779).</p>
+
+<p><b>Birmingham Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), John Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican,
+who wrote his own songs; set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808).</p>
+
+<p><b>Biron</b>, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king
+of Navarre. Biron promises to spend three years with the king in study,
+during which time no woman is to approach his court; but no sooner has
+he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline
+defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, &quot;If you my favor
+mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick.&quot;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">A merrier man,</span><br>
+Within the limit of becoming mirth,<br>
+I never spent an hour's talk withal.<br>
+His eye begets occasion for his wit:<br>
+For every object that the one doth catch,<br>
+The other turns to a mirth-moving jest;<br>
+Which his fair tongue (conceit's expositor)<br>
+Delivers in such apt and gracious words,<br>
+That ag&eacute;d ears play truant at his tales,<br>
+And younger hearings are quite ravished.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labor's Lost</i>, act ii. sc. 1
+(1594).</p>
+
+<p><i>Biron</i> (<i>Charles de Gontaut due de</i>), greatly beloved by Henri IV. of
+France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and
+at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honors: he
+was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer of
+France. This too-much honor made him forget himself, and he entered into
+a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was
+discovered by Lafin; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was
+executed (1602, aged 40).</p>
+
+<p>George Chapman has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled
+<i>Biron's Conspiracy</i> and <i>Biron's Tragedy</i> (1557-1634).</p>
+
+<p><i>Biron</i>, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for marrying
+Isabella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to the siege of
+Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the lapse of seven
+years, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married Villeroy (2 <i>syl</i>.),
+but the day after her espousals Biron returned, whereupon Isabella went
+mad and killed herself.&mdash;Thomas Southern, <i>Isabella, or the Fatal
+Marriage</i>.</p>
+
+During the absence of the elder Macready, his<br>
+son took the part of &quot;Biron&quot; in <i>Isabella</i>. The<br>
+father was shocked, because he desired his son<br>
+for the Church; but Mrs. Siddons remarked to<br>
+him, &quot;In the Church your son will live and die<br>
+a curate on &pound;50 a year, but if successful, the<br>
+stage will bring him in a thousand.&quot;&mdash;Donaldson,<br>
+<i>Recollections</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Birtha</b>, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the
+Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's
+still, in autumn, berries, and in summer, flowers. She fell in love with
+duke Grondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal. Birtha,
+&quot;in love unpractised and unread,&quot; is the beau-ideal of innocence and
+purity of mind. Grondibert had just plighted his love to her when he was
+summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him his successor and
+future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would remain true to her,
+and gave her an emerald ring which he told her would lose its lustre if
+he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks off, and as it was never finished
+the sequel is not known.&mdash;Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i> (died 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bishop Middleham</b>, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks,
+and advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret
+intoxication.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bishops.</b> The seven who refused to read the declaration of
+indulgence published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for
+recusancy, were archbishop Sancroft <i>(Canterbury)</i>, bishops Lloyd <i>(St.
+Asaph)</i>, Turner <i>(Ely)</i>, Kew <i>(Bath and Wells)</i>, White <i>(Peterborough)</i>,
+Lake <i>(Chichester)</i>, Trelawney <i>(Bristol).</i> Being tried, they were all
+acquitted (June, 1688).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bisto'nians,</b> the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars),
+who built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis.</p>
+
+So the Bistonian race, a maddening train,<br>
+Exult and revel on the Thracian plain.<br>
+
+<p>Pitt's <i>Statius</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bit'elas</b>(3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of Rukenaw the
+ape, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bit'tlebrains</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper
+of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Bittlebrains</i>, wife of the above lord.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride
+of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bit'zer,</b> light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He is
+educated at M'Choakumchild's &quot;practical school,&quot; and becomes a general
+spy and informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and
+discovers the perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind,
+Esq., M.P.), informs against him, and gets promoted to his place.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bizarre</b> <i>[Be.zar'(1)]</i>, the friend of Orian'a, forever coquetting
+and sparring with Duretete <i>[Dure.tait]</i>, and placing him in awkward
+predicaments.&mdash;G.K. Farquhar, <i>The Inconstant</i> (1702).</p>
+
+<p><b>Black Ag'nes</b>, the countess of March, noted for her defence of
+Dunbar during the war which Edward III. maintained in Scotland
+(1333-1338).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Sir Walter Scott says: &quot;The countess was
+called 'Black Agnes' from her complexion. She
+was the daughter of Thomas Randolph, earl of
+Murray.&quot;&mdash;<i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 14. (See
+BLACK PRINCE.)</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Black Colin Campbell</b>, general Campbell, in the army of George III.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Redgauntlet</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Black Douglas</b>, William Douglas, lord of Nithsdale, who died 1390.</p>
+
+He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy<br>
+complexion, with dark hair, from which he was<br>
+called &quot;The Black Douglas.&quot;&mdash;Sir Walter Scott,<br>
+<i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, xi.<br>
+
+<p><b>Black Dwarf</b> (<i>The</i>), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David
+Ritchie, whose cottage was and still is on Manor Water, in the county of
+Peebles.</p>
+
+<p><b>Black-eyed Susan</b>, one of Dibdin's sea-songs.</p>
+
+<p><b>Black George</b>, the gamekeeper in Fielding's novel, called <i>The
+History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p>
+
+<p><i>Black George</i>, Greorge Petrowitsch of Servia, a brigand; called by the
+Turks <i>Kara George</i>, from the terror he inspired.</p>
+
+<p><b>Black Horse</b> (<i>The</i>), the 7th Dragoon Guards (<i>not</i> the 7th
+Dragoons). So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are
+black velvet. Their plumes are black and white; and at one time their
+horses were black, or at any rate dark.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Black Knight of the Black Lands</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Pereard. Called by
+Tennyson &quot;Night&quot; <i>or</i> &quot;Nox.&quot; He was one of the four brothers who kept
+the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir Gareth.&mdash;Sir
+T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 126 (1470); Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i>
+(&quot;Gareth and Lynette&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Black Lord Clifford</b>, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord
+Clifford. Also called &quot;The Butcher&quot; (died 1461).</p>
+
+<p><b>Black Prince</b>, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart
+says he was styled <i>black</i> &quot;by terror of his arms&quot; (c. 169). Similarly,
+lord Clifford was called &quot;The Black Lord Clifford&quot; for his cruelties
+(died 1461). George Petrowitsch was called by the Turks &quot;Black George&quot;
+from the terror of his name. The countess of March was called &quot;Black
+Agnes&quot; from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W. Scott says) from
+her dark complexion. Similarly, &quot;The Black Sea,&quot; or Axinus, as the
+Greeks once called it, received its name from the inhospitable character
+of the Scythians.</p>
+
+<p><b>Black'acre</b> (<i>Widow</i>), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging,
+headstrong woman.&mdash;Wycherly, <i>The Plain Dealer</i> (1677).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blackchester</b> (<i>The countess of</i>), sister of lord Dalgarno.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blackguards</b> (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some offence
+in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black)
+inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is <i>Blaqueurs.&mdash;L'Homme qui
+Rit</i>, II. in. 1.</p>
+
+<p>It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of the
+word. Other suggestions will be found in the <i>Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blackless</b> (<i>Tomalin</i>), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de
+Lion.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blackmantle</b> (<i>Bernard</i>), Charles Molloy Westmacott, author of <i>The
+English Spy</i> (1826).</p>
+
+<p><b>Black'pool</b> (<i>Stephen</i>), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at
+Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was a
+man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was
+turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of &pound;150, he
+threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hastening to
+Coketown to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as &quot;the Hell
+Shaft,&quot; and although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool loved
+Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless
+wife.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blacksmith</b> (<i>The Flemish</i>), Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter
+(1460-1529).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blacksmith</i> (<i>The Learned</i>), Elihu Burritt, United States (1810-1879).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Blackwood's Magazine.</b> The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine
+is meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582).
+He is the representative of Scottish literature generally.</p>
+
+<p>The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh,
+publisher.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blad'derskate</b> (<i>Lord</i>) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter
+Peeble's lawsuit.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blade o' Grass</b>, child of the gutter, bright, saucy, and
+warm-hearted. She is taken from her wretched environment by
+philanthropists, who would aid her to lead a different life. However
+great the outward change, she is ever Bohemian at heart.&mdash;B.L. Farjeon,
+<i>Blade o' Grass</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bla'dud</b>, father of king Lear. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that &quot;This
+Prince Bladud was a very ingenious man and taught necromancy in his
+kingdom; nor did he leave off pursuing his magic operations till he
+attempted to fly to the upper regions of the air with wings which he had
+prepared, and fell down upon the temple of Apollo in the city of
+Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Blair</b> (<i>Adam</i>), the hero of a novel by J.G. Lockhart, entitled
+<i>Adam Blair, a Story of Scottish Life</i> (1794-1854).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blair</i> (<i>Father Clement</i>), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine
+Glover, &quot;the fair maid of Perth.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i>
+(time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blair</i> (<i>Rev. David</i>), sir Richard Philips, author of <i>The Universal
+Preceptor</i> (1816), <i>Mother's Question Book</i>, etc. He issued books under
+a legion of false names.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blaise</b>, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blaise</i> (<i>St.</i>), patron saint of wool-combers, because he was torn to
+pieces with iron combs.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blake</b> (<i>Franklin</i>), handsome, accomplished, and desperately in love
+with his cousin Rachel. Almost wild concerning the safety of the
+Moonstone which he has conveyed to her, he purloins it while under the
+influence of opium, taken to relieve insomnia, and gives it to the
+plausible villain of the book&mdash;Godfrey Ablewhite. The latter pawns it to
+pay his debts, and is murdered by East Indians, who believe that he
+still has the gem.&mdash;Wilkie Collins, <i>The Moonstone</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blanche</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), one of the domestics of lady Eveline &quot;the
+betrothed.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blanche</i> (<i>La reine</i>), the queen of France during the first six weeks
+of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time in a
+closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in white.
+Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called <i>La reine Blanche</i> during her
+days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so called
+afterwards.</p>
+
+<p><i>Blanche (Lady)</i> makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and of
+course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a jeweller's
+son, who enters the army, and becomes a colonel. She is very handsome,
+ardent, brilliant, and fearless.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blanche Lombard,</b> girl of the period, who solaces herself for the
+apparent defection of one lover by flirting with a new acquaintance;
+registered in his note-book as &quot;Blonde; superb physique; fine animal
+spirits; giggles.&quot;&mdash;Robert Grant, <i>The Knave of Hearts</i> (1886).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blanche&acute;fleur</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance
+called <i>Il Filopoco</i>. Her lover Flores is Boccaccio himself, and
+Blanchefleur was the daughter of king Robert. The story of Blanchefleur
+and Flores is substantially the same as that of <i>Dor&acute;igen and
+Aurelius</i>, by Chaucer, and that of &quot;Diano&acute;ra and Ansaldo,&quot; in the
+<i>Decameron</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bland&acute;mour</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a man of &quot;mickle might,&quot; who &quot;bore great sway
+in arms and chivalry,&quot; but was both vainglorious and insolent. He
+attacked Brit&acute;omart, but was discomfited by her enchanted spear; he next
+attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took him from the lady
+who accompanied him, &quot;the False Florimel.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv.
+1 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blande&acute;ville</b> (<i>Lady Emily</i>), a neighbor of the Waverley family,
+afterwards married to colonel Talbot.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bland&acute;ford,</b> the father of Belin&acute;da, who he promised sir William
+Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with
+Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister).
+Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married
+according to their inclinations.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i> (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blan&acute;diman,</b> the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her
+attendant after her divorce.&mdash;<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blandi&acute;na,</b> wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused
+hospitality to sir Calepine and his lady Sere&acute;na (canto 3). She had &quot;the
+art of a suasive tongue,&quot; and most engaging manners, but &quot;her words were
+only words, and all her tears were water&quot; (canto 7).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blandish,</b> a &quot;practised parasite.&quot; His sister says to him, &quot;May you
+find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on!&quot; (act i. 1).</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Letitia Blandish</i>, sister of the above, a fawning timeserver, who
+sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies to Miss Alscrip &quot;the
+heiress,&quot; flattering her vanity, fostering her conceit, and encouraging
+her vulgar affectations.&mdash;General Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1781).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blane</b> (<i>Niell</i>), town piper and publican.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenny Blane</i>, his daughter.&mdash;Sir W, Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time,
+Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bla&acute;ney,</b> a wealthy heir, ruined by dissipation.&mdash;Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blarney</b> (<i>Lady</i>), one of the flash women introduced by squire
+Thornhill to the Primrose family.&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>
+(1765).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blas&acute;phemous Balfour.</b> Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so
+called from his apostacy (died 1583).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bla&acute;tant Beast</b> (<i>The</i>), the personification of slander or public
+opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled the
+monster, and dragged it to Fa&euml;ry-land, but it broke loose and regained
+its liberty. Subsequently sir Cal&acute;idore (<i>3 syl.</i>) went in quest of
+it.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. and vi. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Mrs. Grundy&quot; is the modern name of Spenser's &quot;Blatant
+Beast.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Blath&acute;ers and Duff,</b> detectives who investigate the burglary in
+which Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey
+Chickweed, who robbed himself of 327 guineas.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver
+Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blat&acute;tergrowl</b> (<i>The Rev. Mr.</i>), minister of Trotcosey, near
+Monkbarns.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bleeding-heart Yard</b> (London). So called because it was the place
+where the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the
+dancing chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his
+claws.&mdash;Dr. Mackay, <i>Extraordinary Popular Delusions</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bleise</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's
+period.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blem&acute;myes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head,
+but having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.)</p>
+
+Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis<br>
+pectori affixis.&mdash;Pliny.<br>
+
+<p>Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Gang&ecirc;s, <i>sine cervice,
+oculos in humeris habentes</i>. Mela also refers to a people <i>quibus capita
+et vultus in pectore sunt</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blenheim Spaniels.</b> The Oxford electors are so called, because for
+many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of
+Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this custom
+by telling the people the fable of the <i>Dog and the Wolf</i>. The dog, it
+will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar, and the
+wolf said he preferred liberty.</p>
+
+<p>(The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been
+preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of
+Marlborough in 1704.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Blet&acute;son</b> (<i>Master Joshua</i>), one of the three parliamentary
+commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge
+to the Lee family.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bli&acute;fil,</b> a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled <i>The
+History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p>
+
+<p>&curren;&curren;&curren; Blifil is the original of Sheridan's &quot;Joseph Surface&quot; in the <i>School
+for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bligh</b> (<i>William</i>), captain of the <i>Bounty</i>, so well known for the
+mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blimber</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at
+Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was
+learning enough for ten times ten. &quot;Mental green peas were produced at
+Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round.&quot; The doctor
+was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault
+was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much
+stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong mental
+pressure.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Blimber</i>, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be
+thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible
+collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly
+classical.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cornelia Blimber</i>, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept
+her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber &quot;had no nonsense about
+her,&quot; but had grown &quot;dry and sandy with working in the graves of dead
+languages.&quot; She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's usher.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,</b> Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de
+Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort
+slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's daughter
+discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married him. The
+fruit of the marriage was &quot;pretty Bessee, the beggar's daughter.&quot; Henry
+de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind beggar, to escape
+the vigilance of king Henry's spies.</p>
+
+<p>Day produced, in 1659, a drama called <i>The Blind Beggar of Bethnal
+Green</i>, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on the same
+subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Road a public-house sign
+called the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.&mdash;<i>History of Sign-boards.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Emperor</b> (<i>The</i>), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Harper</b> (<i>The</i>), John Parry, who died 1739.</p>
+
+<p>John Stanley, mnsician and composer, was blind from his birth
+(1713-1786).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Harry,</b> a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from
+infancy. His epic of <i>Sir William Wallace</i> runs to 11,861 lines. He was
+minstrel in the court of James IV.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Mechanician</b> (<i>The</i>). John Strong, a great mechanical genius,
+was blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged sixty-six
+(1732-1798).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called <i>Il Cieco</i>
+(1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674).</p>
+
+<p>Homer is called <i>The Blind Old Bard</i> (fl. B.C. 960).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blind Traveller</b> (<i>The</i>), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind
+at the age of twenty-five, but, notwithstanding, travelled round the
+world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blin&acute;kinsop,</b> a smuggler in <i>Redgauntlet</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott
+(time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blister,</b> the apothecary, who says, &quot;Without physicians, no one
+could know whether he was well or ill.&quot; He courts Lucy by talking shop
+to her.&mdash;Fielding, <i>The Virgin Unmasked</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blithe-Heart King</b> (<i>The</i>). David is so called by Caedmon.</p>
+
+Those lovely lyrics written by his hand<br>
+Whom Saxon Caedmon calls &quot;The Blithe-heart King.&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Longfellow, <i>The Poet's Tale</i> (ref. is to <i>Psalm</i></span><br>
+cxlviii. 9).<br>
+
+<p><b>Block</b> (<i>Martin</i>), one of the committee
+of the Estates of Burgundy, who refuse
+supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i>
+(time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blok</b> (<i>Nikkel</i>), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blondel de Nesle</b> [<i>Neel</i>], the favorite trouv&egrave;re or minstrel of
+Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the <i>Bloody Vest</i> in presence of queen
+Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i>
+(time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blon&acute;dina,</b> the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She
+was the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away
+the three babes substituted three puppies. Ultimately her children were
+restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accomplices were duly
+punished.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Fairstar,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blood</b> (<i>Colonel Thomas</i>), emissary of the duke of Buckingham
+(1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>, a
+novel (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloods</b> (<i>The Five</i>): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors
+of Connaught; (3) the O'Brians of Thomond; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath;
+and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal septs
+or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these five septs
+are accounted aliens or enemies, and could &quot;neither sue nor be sued,&quot;
+even down to the reign of Elizabeth.</p>
+
+<p>William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward II.) for the murder of
+Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because his
+victim was not of &quot;free blood,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> one of the &quot;five bloods of
+Ireland.&quot; The plea is admitted by the jury to be good.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloody</b> (<i>The</i>), Otho II. emperor of Germany (955, 973-983).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloody-Bones,</b> a bogie.</p>
+
+As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (<i>i.e.</i> sir<br>
+Thomas Lunsford, governor of the Tower, the<br>
+dread of every one).&mdash;S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bloody Brother</b> (<i>The</i>), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639).
+The &quot;bloody brother&quot; is Rollo duke of Normandy, who kills his brother
+Otto and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by
+Hamond captain of the guard.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloody Butcher</b> (<i>The</i>), the duke of Cumberland, second son of
+George II., so called from his barbarities in the suppression of the
+rebellion in favor of Charles Edward, the young pretender. &quot;Black
+Clifford&quot; was also called &quot;The Butcher&quot; for his cruelties (died 1461).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloody Hand,</b> Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloody Mary,</b> queen Mary of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and
+elder half-sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the
+sanguinary persecutions carried on by her government against the
+protestants. It is said that 200 persons were burned to death in her
+short reign (1516,1553-1558).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloomfield</b> (<i>Louisa</i>), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the
+beau of sixty, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo
+barrister.&mdash;C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blount</b> (<i>Nicholas</i>), afterwards knighted; master of the horse to
+the earl of Sussex.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blount</i> (<i>Sir Frederick</i>), a distant relative of sir John Vesey. He had
+a great objection to the letter <i>r</i>, which he considered &quot;wough and
+wasping.&quot; He dressed to perfection, and though not &quot;wich,&quot; prided
+himself on having the &quot;best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses,
+and the best house&quot; of any one. He liked Greorgina Vesey, and as she had
+&pound;10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by &quot;mawy-wing the
+girl.&quot;&mdash;Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, <i>Money</i> (1840).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blount</i> (<i>Master</i>), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An
+old-fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons,
+John and Thomas; the former was his favorite.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mistress Blount</i>, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her
+son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man.</p>
+
+<p><i>John Blount</i>, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left successor
+to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of fashion and
+fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He had good-nature,
+but more cunning than discretion, thought himself far-seeing, but was
+most easily duped. &quot;The phaeton was built after my design, my lord,&quot; he
+says, &quot;mayhap your lordship has seen it.&quot; &quot;My taste is driving, my lord,
+mayhap your lordship has seen me handle the ribbons.&quot; &quot;My horses are all
+bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed my team.&quot; &quot;I pride myself on my
+seat in the saddle, mayhap your lordship has seen me ride.&quot; &quot;If I am
+superlative in anything, 'its in my wines.&quot; &quot;So please your ladyship,
+'tis dress I most excel in ... 'tis walking I pride myself in.&quot; No
+matter what is mentioned, 'tis the one thing he did or had better than
+any one else. This conceited fool was duped into believing a parcel of
+men-servants to be lords and dukes, and made love to a lady's maid,
+supposing her to be a countess.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thomas Blount</i>, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He
+entered the army, became a colonel, and married lady Blanche. He is
+described as having &quot;a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell in,
+eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome, a
+mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed.&quot;&mdash;S.
+Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blouzelin&acute;da</b> or BLOWZELINDA, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin
+Clout, in <i>The Shepherd's Week</i>.</p>
+
+My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass,<br>
+Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass.<br>
+My Blouzelind's than gilliflower more fair,<br>
+Than daisie, marygold, or kingcup rare.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</span><br>
+<br>
+Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near,<br>
+Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year ...<br>
+Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire,<br>
+My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">Ditto.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Blower</b> (<i>Mrs. Margaret</i>), the shipowner's widow at the Spa. She
+marries Dr. Quackleben, &quot;the man of medicine&quot; (one of the managing
+committee at the Spa).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Blucher</b> was nicknamed &quot;Marshal Forward&quot; for his dash and readiness
+in the campaign of 1813.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blue Beard</b> (<i>La Barbe Bleue</i>), from the <i>contes</i> of Charles
+Perrault (1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue
+beard. His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with
+strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room. During
+the absence of her lord the &quot;forbidden fruit&quot; is too tempting to be
+resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor covered
+with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops the key in
+her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the stain of blood.
+Blue Beard, on his return, commands her to prepare for death, but by the
+timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and Blue Beard put to
+death.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the
+days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer)
+was the &quot;academy figure.&quot; Others think it was Giles de Retz, marquis de
+Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to M&eacute;zeray) murdered
+six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440.</p>
+
+<p>Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar&acute;, and the young
+wife Triphy&acute;na, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was lieutenant
+of Brittany in the reign of Childebert. M. Hippolyte Violeau assures us
+that in 1850, during the repairs of the chapel of St. Nicolas de Bieuzy,
+some ancient frescoes were discovered with scenes from the life of St.
+Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the husband taking leave of his young
+wife and entrusting to her a key; (3) a room with an open door, through
+which are seen the corpses of seven women hanging; (4) the husband
+threatening his wife, while another female [<i>sister Anne</i>] is looking
+out of a window above; (5) the husband has placed a halter round the
+neck of his victim, but the friends, accompanied by St. Gildas, abbot of
+Rhuys in Brittany, arrive just in time to rescue the future saint.&mdash;
+<i>P&eacute;lerinages de Bretagne</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blue Knight</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Persaunt of India, called by Tennyson
+&quot;Morning Star&quot; <i>or</i> &quot;Phosphorus.&quot; He was one of the four brothers who
+kept the passages of Castle Perilous, and was overthrown by sir
+Gareth.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 131 (1470);
+Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i> (&quot;Gareth and Lynette&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> It is evidently a blunder in Tennyson to call the <i>Blue</i> Knight
+&quot;Morning Star,&quot; and the <i>Green</i> Knight &quot;Evening Star.&quot; The reverse is
+correct, and in the old romance the combat with the Green Knight was at
+day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blue-Skin,</b> Joseph Blake, an English burglar, so called from his
+complexion. He was executed in 1723.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bluff</b> (<i>Bachelor</i>), celibate philosopher upon social, domestic, and
+cognate themes.</p>
+
+&quot;Give me,&quot; he says emphatically, &quot;in our<br>
+household, color and cheeriness&mdash;not cold art,<br>
+nor cold pretensions of any kind, but warmth,<br>
+brightness, animation. Bring in pleasing colors,<br>
+choice pictures, <i>bric-&agrave;-brac</i>, and what-not. But<br>
+let in, also, the sun; light the fires; and have<br>
+everything for daily use.&quot;&mdash;Oliver Bell Bunce,<br>
+<i>Bachelor Bluff</i> (1882).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bluff (Captain Noll)</i>, a swaggering bully and boaster. He says, &quot;I
+think that fighting for fighting's sake is sufficient cause for
+fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws.&quot;</p>
+
+&quot;You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders<br>
+the last campaign ... there was scarce<br>
+anything of moment done, but a humble servant<br>
+of yours ... had the greatest share in't....<br>
+Well, would you think it, in all this time ...<br>
+that rascally <i>Gazette</i> never so much as once mentioned<br>
+me? Not once, by the wars! Took no<br>
+more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been<br>
+in the land of the living.&quot;&mdash;Congreve, <i>The Old<br>
+Bachelor</i> (1693).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bluff Hal</b> or BLUFF HARRY, Henry VIII.</p>
+
+Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pence,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And numbered bead and shrift,</span><br>
+Bluff Harry broke into the spence,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And turned the cowls adrift.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Talking Oak</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Blun'derbore</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the giant who was drowned because Jack
+scuttled his boat.&mdash;<i>Jack the Giant-killer</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blunt</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), a brusque royalist, who vows &quot;he'd woo no
+woman,&quot; but falls in love with Arbella, an heiress, woos and wins her.
+T. Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of
+<i>Honest Thieves</i>, calls colonel Blunt &quot;captain Manly.&quot;&mdash;Hon. sir R.
+Howard, <i>The Committee</i> (1670).</p>
+
+<p><i>Blunt</i> (<i>Major-General</i>), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech, but
+brave, honest, and a true patriot.&mdash;Shadwell, <i>The Volunteers</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Blushington</b> (<i>Edward</i>), a bashful young gentleman of twenty-five,
+sent as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by
+the death of his father and uncle, left all at once as &quot;rich as a
+nabob.&quot; At college he was called &quot;the sensitive plant of Brazenose,&quot;
+because he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall,
+and commits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank
+Friendly, writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and
+lady Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses
+his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted
+suitor of the pretty Miss Dinah Friendly.&mdash;W.T. Moncrieff, <i>The Bashful
+Man</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bo</b> or <i>Boh</i>, says Warton, was a fierce Gothic chief, whose name was
+used to frighten children.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boadicea</b>, queen of a tribe of ancient Britons. Her husband having
+been killed by the Romans, she took the field in person. She was
+defeated and committed suicide.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boaner&acute;ges</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes
+all except his own &quot;elect.&quot; &quot;He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but
+sits down pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly.&quot;&mdash;Mrs.
+Oliphant, <i>Salem Chapel</i>.</p>
+
+A protestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingham,<br>
+sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute<br>
+publicly with him in the Town Hall.&mdash;E. Yates,<br>
+<i>Celebrities</i>, xxii.<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Boanerges or &quot;sons of thunder&quot; is the name given by Jesus
+Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire from
+heaven to consume the Samaritans.&mdash;Mark iii. 17.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boar</b> (<i>The</i>), Richard III., so called from his cognizance.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bristled boar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In infant gore,</span><br>
+Wallows beneath the thorny shade.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Gray, <i>The Bard</i> (1757).</span><br>
+
+<p>In contempt Richard III. is called <i>The Hog</i>, hence the popular distich:</p>
+
+The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog,<br>
+Rule all England, under the Hog.<br>
+
+<p>(&quot;The Cat&quot; is Catesby, and &quot;the Rat&quot; Ratcliffe).</p>
+
+<p><i>Boar (The Blue)</i>. This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge of
+the Veres earls of Oxford.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Blue Boar Lane</i> (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the
+cognizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before the
+battle of Bosworth Field.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boar of Ardennes</b> (<i>The Wild</i>), in French <i>Le Sanglier des Ardennes</i>
+(<i>2 syl.</i>), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was as
+fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is
+introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Quentin</i> <i>Durward</i>, under the name of
+&quot;William count of la Marck.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bob'adil</b>, an ignorant, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but
+thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the
+water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck with
+his &quot;dainty oaths,&quot; such as &quot;By the foot of Pharaoh!&quot; &quot;Body of C&aelig;sar!&quot;
+&quot;As I am a gentleman and a soldier!&quot; His device to save the expense of a
+standing army is inimitable for its conceit and absurdity:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land; gentlemen they
+should be, of a good spirit and able constitution. I would choose them
+by an instinct,... and I would teach them the special rules ... till
+they could play <i>[fence]</i> very near as well as myself. This done, say
+the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would ... challenge 20 of the enemy;
+... kill them; challenge 20 more, kill them; 20 more, kill them too; ...
+every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day; five days, a
+thousand; 40,000, 40 times 5,200 days; kill them all.&quot;&mdash;Ben Jonson,
+<i>Every Man in his Humour</i>, iv. 7 (1598).</p>
+
+<p>Since his [<i>Henry Woodward, 1717-1777</i>] time the part of &quot;Bobadil&quot; has
+never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;Dr. Doran.</p>
+
+<p>The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba, who
+superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous charge.
+Similar characters are &quot;Metamore&quot; and &quot;Scaramouch&quot; (Moli&egrave;re); &quot;Parolles&quot;
+and &quot;Pistol&quot; (Shakespeare); &quot;Bessus&quot; (Beaumont and Fletcher). (See also
+BASILISCO, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, SIR
+PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSE, etc.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bobolinkon.</b> Christopher Pearse
+Cranch calls the bobolink:</p>
+
+Still merriest of the merry birds, and<br>
+Pied harlequins of June.<br>
+<br>
+O, could I share without champagne<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or muscadel, your frolic;</span><br>
+The glad delirium of your joy,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your fun unapostolic;</span><br>
+Your drunken jargon through the fields,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your bobolinkish gabble,</span><br>
+Your fine Anacreontic glee,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your tipsy reveller's babble!</span><br>
+
+<p>Christopher Pearse Cranch, <i>The Bird and the
+Bell</i> (1875).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bodach Glay</b> or &quot;Grey Spectre,&quot; a house demon of the Scotch, similar
+to the Irish banshee.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bodley Family</b>, an American household, father, mother, sisters, and
+brothers, whose interesting adventures at home and abroad are detailed
+by Horace E. Scudder in <i>The Bodley Books</i> (1875-1887).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boe&acute;mond,</b> the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his
+subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Roge&acute;ro's
+brother, and son of Roberto Guiscar&acute;do.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>
+(1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boeuf</b> (<i>Front de</i>), a gigantic, ferocious follower of prince
+John.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boffin</b> (<i>Nicodemus</i>), &quot;the golden dustman,&quot; foreman of old John
+Harmon, dustman and miser. He was &quot;a broad, round-shouldered, one-sided
+old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with overlapping
+ears.&quot; A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his wife, whom he
+greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon, dustman, he
+came in for &pound;100,000. Afterwards, John Harmon, the son, being
+discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and lived with
+him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Boffin</i>, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meatman.
+She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old John
+Harmon, dustman and miser, and very kind to the miser's son (young John
+Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became &quot;a high flyer
+at fashion,&quot; wore black velvet and sable, but retained her kindness of
+heart and love for her husband. She was devoted to Bella Wilfer, who
+ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon, <i>alias</i> Rokesmith.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Our Mutual Friend</i> (1864).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bo'gio,</b> one of the allies of Charlemagne. He promised his wife to
+return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bohemian</b> (<i>A</i>), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first
+gipsies came from Bohemia.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Literary Bohemian</i>, an author of desultory works and irregular life.</p>
+
+<p>Never was there an editor with less about him of the literary
+Bohemian.&mdash;<i>Fortnightly Review</i> (&quot;Paston Letters&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bohemian Literature</i>, desultory reading.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Bohemian Life</i>, an irregular, wandering, restless way of living, like
+that of a gipsy.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bo'hemond,</b> prince of Antioch, a crusader.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count
+Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bois'grelin</b> (<i>The young countess de</i>), introduced in the ball given
+by king Ren&eacute; at Aix.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bois-Guilbert</b> (<i>Sir Brian de</i>), a preceptor of the Knights
+Templars. Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to
+Rebecca, and she threatens to cast herself from the battlements if he
+touches her. &quot;When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian
+carries off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights
+Templars charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by
+combat. Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge
+against her, and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in
+the lists, Rebecca is declared innocent.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> time,
+(Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boisterer</b>, one of the seven attendants of Fortu&acute;nio. His gift was
+that he could overturn a windmill with his breath, and even wreck a
+man-of-war.</p>
+
+Fortunio asked him what he was doing. &quot;I<br>
+am blowing a little, sir,&quot; answered he, &quot;to set<br>
+those mills at work.&quot; &quot;But,&quot; said the knight,<br>
+&quot;you seem too far off.&quot; &quot;On the contrary,&quot; replied<br>
+the blower, &quot;I am too near, for if I did not<br>
+restrain my breath I should blow the mills over,<br>
+and perhaps the hill too on which they stand.&quot;&mdash;Comtesse<br>
+D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Fortunio,&quot;<br>
+1682).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bold Beauchamp</b> <i>[Beech&acute;-am]</i>, a proverbial phrase similar to &quot;an
+Achilles,&quot; &quot;a Hector,&quot; etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp,
+earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a
+hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346.</p>
+
+So had we still of ours, in France that famous were,<br>
+Warwick, of England then high-constable that was,<br>
+...So hardy, great, and strong,<br>
+That after of that name it to an adage grew,<br>
+If any man himself adventurous happed to shew,<br>
+&quot;Bold Beauchamp&quot; men him termed, if none so bold as he.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xviii. (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bold Stroke for a Husband</b>, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two
+plots: one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband,
+and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed
+her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all suitors till
+he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband, disguised
+herself in man's apparel, assumed the name of Florio, and made love as a
+man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an artifice to get back
+an estate which don Carlos had made over to his mistress, and thus saved
+her husband from ruin (1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bold Stroke for a Wife.</b> Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne
+&pound;30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if she
+married without the consent of her guardians. Now her guardians were
+four in number, and their characters so widely different that &quot;they
+never agreed on any one thing.&quot; They were sir Philip Modelove, an old
+beau; Mr. Periwinkle, a silly virtuoso; Mr. Tradelove, a broker on
+'Change; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypocritical quaker. Colonel Feignwell
+contrived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their bent, and won
+the heiress.&mdash;Mrs. Centlivre (1717).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boldwood</b> (<i>Farmer</i>), one of the wooers of Bathsheba Everdene. He
+serves for her seven years and loses her at last, after killing her
+husband to free her from his tyranny. He is sentenced to penal servitude
+&quot;during Her Majesty's pleasure.&quot;&mdash;Thomas Hardy, <i>Far from the Madding
+Crowd</i> (1874).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bolster</b>, a famous Wrath, who compelled St. Agnes to gather up the
+boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to
+the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See WRATH'S HOLE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bol'ton</b> (<i>Stawarth</i>), an English officer in <i>The Monastery</i>, a
+novel by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bolton Ass.</b> This creature is said to have chewed tobacco and taken
+snuff.&mdash;Dr. Doran.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bomba</b> <i>(King)</i>, a nickname given to Ferdinand II. of Naples, in
+consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who
+bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called <i>Bombali'no</i> (&quot;Little Bomba&quot;).</p>
+
+A young Sicilian, too, was there...<br>
+[<i>Who</i>] being rebellious to his liege,<br>
+After Palermo's fatal siege,<br>
+Across the western seas he fled<br>
+In good king Bomba's happy reign.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>The Wayside Inn</i> (prelude).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bombardin'ian,</b> general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologos.
+He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king
+strikes him, and calls him traitor. &quot;Traitor, in thy teeth,&quot; replies the
+general. They fight, and the king is killed.&mdash;H. Carey,
+<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bombastes Furioso,</b> general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is
+plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artaxaminous promises her &quot;half-a-crown&quot; if
+she will forsake the general for himself. &quot;This bright reward of
+ever-daring minds&quot; is irresistible. When Bombast&ecirc;s sees himself flouted,
+he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label duly
+displayed:</p>
+
+Who dares this pair of boots displace,<br>
+Must meet Bombast&ecirc;s face to face.<br>
+
+<p>The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombast&ecirc;s &quot;kills him.&quot;
+Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, &quot;kills&quot; the general; but at the close of
+the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance, promising,
+if the audience likes, &quot;to die again to-morrow.&quot;&mdash;W. B. Rhodes,
+<i>Bombastes Furioso.</i></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This farce is a travesty of <i>Orlando</i>
+<i>Furioso</i>, and &quot;Distaffina&quot; is Angelica, beloved by Orlando, whom she
+flouted for Medoro, a young Moor. On this Orlando went mad, and hung up
+his armor on a tree, with this distich attached thereto:</p>
+
+Orlando's arms let none displace,<br>
+But such who'll meet him face to face.<br>
+
+<p>In the <i>Rehearsal</i>, by the duke of Buckingham, Bayes' troops are killed,
+every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and &quot;go off on their
+legs.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>See the translation of <i>Don Quixote</i>, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363
+(1764).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bombastes Furioso (The French)</i>, capitaine Fracasse.&mdash;Th&eacute;ophile
+Gautier.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bombas'tus,</b> the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept
+a small devil prisoner in the pommel of his sword.</p>
+
+Bombastus kept a devil's bird<br>
+Shut in the pommel of his sword,<br>
+That taught him all the cunning pranks<br>
+Of past and future mountebanks.<br>
+<br>
+S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, ii. 3.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bonas'sus,</b> an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd
+encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch
+poet.)&mdash;<i>Noctes Ambrosianae</i> (No. xlviii., April, 1830).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bonaventu're</b> <i>(Father)</i>, a disguise assumed for the nonce by the
+chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i>
+(time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bondu'ca</b> or <b>Boadice'a,</b> wife of Pr&aelig;sutagus king of the Ice'ni.
+For the better security of his family, Pr&aelig;sutagus made the emperor of
+Rome co-heir with his daughters; whereupon the Roman officers took
+possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious
+brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public.
+Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman
+colonies of London, Colchester [<i>Camalodunum</i>], Verulam, etc., and slew
+above 80,000 Romans. Subsequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated the
+Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher wrote a
+tragedy entitled <i>Bonduca</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bone-setter</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sarah Mapp (died 1736).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bo'ney,</b> a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 <i>syl</i>.), used by
+the English in the early part of the nineteenth century by way of
+depreciation. Thus Thom. Moore speaks of &quot;the infidel Boney.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bonhomme</b> (<i>Jacques</i>), a peasant who interferes with politics; hence
+the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called <i>La Jacquerie</i>. The words may
+be rendered &quot;Jimmy&quot; or &quot;Johnny Goodfellow.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bon'iface</b> (<i>St.</i>), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or
+Winfrith, born in Devonshire. He was made archbishop of Mayence by pope
+Gregory III., and is called &quot;The Apostle of the Germans.&quot; St. Boniface
+was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 5
+(680-755).</p>
+
+... in Friesland first St. Boniface our best,<br>
+Who of the see of Mentz, while there he sat possessed,<br>
+At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).<br>
+
+<p><i>Bon'iface</i>,(<i>Father</i>), ex-abbot of Kennaquhair. He first appears under
+the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross, and
+afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (<i>Kennaquhair</i>, that is,
+&quot;I know not where.&quot;)&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bon'iface</i> (<i>The abbot</i>), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as Superior
+of St. Mary's Convent.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Boni'face</i>, landlord of the inn at Lichfield, in league with the
+highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, &quot;as
+the saying is.&quot; Thus, &quot;Does your master stay in town, as the saying is?&quot;
+&quot;So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them.&quot; &quot;I'm old
+Will Boniface; pretty well known upon this road, as the saying is.&quot; He
+had lived at Lichfield &quot;man and boy above eight and fifty years, and not
+consumed eight and fifty ounces of meat.&quot; He says:</p>
+
+&quot;I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my<br>
+ale, drank my ale, and I always sleep upon my<br>
+ale.&quot;&mdash;George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i>,<br>
+i. I (1707).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bonne Reine,</b> Claude de France, daughter of Louis XII. and wife of
+Fran&ccedil;ois I. (1499-1524).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bonnet Rouge,</b> a red republican, so called from the red cap of
+liberty which he wore.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bonnibel,</b> southern beauty in Constance Cary Harrison's tale,
+<i>Flower de Hundred.</i></p>
+
+The perfection of blonde prettiness, with a<br>
+mouth like Cupid's bow, a tiny tip-tilted nose,<br>
+eyes gold-brown to match her hair, a color like<br>
+crushed roses in her cheeks (1891).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bonnivard</b> (<i>Fran&ccedil;ois de</i>), the prisoner of Chillon. In Byron's poem
+he was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father
+and two sons died on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake; three
+were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of Geneva. Two
+of the three died, and Fran&ccedil;ois was set at liberty by Henri the
+Bearnais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy for
+republican principles (1496-1570).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bonstet'tin</b> (<i>Nicholas</i>), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the
+deputies of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bon'temps</b> (<i>Roger</i>), the personification of that buoyant spirit
+which is always &quot;inclined to hope rather than fear,&quot; and in the very
+midnight of distress is ready to exclaim, &quot;There's a good time coming,
+wait a little longer.&quot; The character is the creation of B&eacute;ranger.</p>
+
+<br>
+Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vous, riches d&eacute;sireux;</span><br>
+Vous, dont le char d&eacute;vie<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Apr&eacute;s un cours heureux;</span><br>
+Vous, qui perdrez peut-&ecirc;tre<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Des titres &eacute;clatans,</span><br>
+Eh gai! prenez pour ma&icirc;tre<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Le gros Roger Bontemps.</span><br>
+<br>
+B&eacute;ranger (1814).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bon'thorn</b> (<i>Anthony</i>), one of Ramorny's followers; employed to
+murder Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover (&quot;the fair maid of Perth&quot;),
+but he murdered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime,
+he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed
+his guilt and was hanged. He was restored to life, but being again
+apprehended was executed.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time,
+Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bon Ton</b>, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects
+of the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin
+neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lady Minikin hates her
+husband, and flirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the
+colonel. Sir John Trotley, who does not understand <i>bon ton</i>, thinks
+this sort of flirtation very objectionable. &quot;You'll excuse me, for such
+old-fashioned notions, I am sure&quot; (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boo'by</b> (<i>Lady</i>), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman,
+Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady
+Booby is a caricature of Richardson's &quot;Pamela.&quot;&mdash;Fielding, <i>Joseph
+Andrews</i> (1742).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boon Island.</b> In Celia Thaxter's poem,
+<i>The Watch of Boon Island</i>, is told the story
+of two wedded lovers who tended the lighthouse
+on Boon Island until the husband
+died, when the wife</p>
+
+Bowed her head and let the light die out,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the wide sea lay calm as her dead love,</span><br>
+When evening fell from the far land, in doubt,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vainly to find that faithful star men strove.</span><br>
+(1874.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Boone</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), colonel [afterwards &quot;general&quot;] Daniel Boone, in
+the United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in
+Kentucky, where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against
+the Red Indians (1735-1820).</p>
+
+Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer...<br>
+The general Boone, the back-woodsman of Kentucky,<br>
+Was happiest among mortals anywhere, etc.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, viii. 61-65 (1821).<br>
+
+<p><b>Booshal'loch</b> (<i>Neil</i>), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'Ian, chief of the
+clan Quhele.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boo'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Arcas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his
+mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Arcas was on the point
+of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted him into a
+constellation, either <i>Bo&ouml;t&ecirc;s</i> or <i>Ursa Major</i>.&mdash;Pausanias, <i>Itinerary
+of Greece</i>, viii. 4.</p>
+
+Doth not Orion worthily deserve<br>
+A higher place ...<br>
+Than frail Bo&ouml;t&ecirc;s, who was placed above<br>
+Only because the gods did else foresee<br>
+He should the murderer of his mother be?<br>
+<br>
+Lord Brooke, <i>Of Nobility</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Booth,</b> husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own
+character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an
+additional share of meanness.&mdash;Fielding, <i>Amelia</i> (1751).</p>
+
+<p><b>Borach'io,</b> a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain,
+engaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado
+about Nothing</i> (1600).</p>
+
+<p><i>Borach'io</i>, a drunkard. (Spanish, <i>borracho</i>, &quot;drunk;&quot; <i>borrachu&eacute;lo</i>,
+&quot;a tippler.&quot;)</p>
+
+&quot;Why, you stink of wine! D'ye think my<br>
+niece will ever endure such a borachio? You're<br>
+an absolute Borachio.&quot;&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The Way<br>
+of the World</i> (1700).<br>
+
+<p><i>Borachio (Joseph)</i>, landlord of the Eagle Hotel, in
+Salamanca.&mdash;Jephson, <i>Two Strings to your Bow</i> (1792).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bor'ak</b> (<i>Al</i>), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to
+the seventh heaven. The word means &quot;lightning.&quot; Al Borak had the face of
+a man, but the cheeks of a horse; its eyes were like jacinths, but
+brilliant as the stars; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with
+radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the ten
+animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise.</p>
+
+<p>Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong in frame, and with
+a coat as glossy as marble. His color was saffron, with one hair of gold
+for every three of tawny; his ears were restless and pointed like a
+reed; his eyes large and full of fire; his nostrils wide and steaming;
+he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully arched, a mane
+soft and silky, and a thick tail that swept the
+ground.&mdash;<i>Groquemitaine</i>. ii. 9.</p>
+
+<p><b>Border Minstrel</b> (<i>The</i>), sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p>
+
+My steps the Border Minstrel led.<br>
+
+<p>W. Wordsworth, <i>Yarrow Revisited</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bo'reas,</b> the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount H&aelig;mus, in
+Thrace.</p>
+
+Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer.<br>
+
+<p>G. A. Stephens, <i>The Shipivreck</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bor'gia</b> <i>(Lucrezia di)</i>, duchess of Ferra'ra, wife of don Alfonso.
+Her natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisherman in Naples, but
+when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother,
+announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name
+and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rin'ini, and
+they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of
+nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lucrezia: Orsini told
+him she had murdered her brother; Vitelli, that she had caused his uncle
+to be slain; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle Appia'no;
+Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be drowned in the
+Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro struck off the B
+from the escutcheon of the duke's palace at Ferrara, changing the name
+Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put to death the man who
+had thus insulted their noble house, and Gennaro was condemned to death
+by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an antidote, and let him out
+of prison by a secret door. Soon after his liberation the princess
+Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand supper, to which Gennaro
+and his companions were invited. At the close of the banquet they were
+all arrested by Lucrezia after having drunk poisoned wine. Gennaro was
+told he was the son of Lucrezia, and died. Lucrezia no sooner saw him
+die than she died also.&mdash;Donizetti, <i>Lucrezia di Borgia</i> (an opera,
+1835).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boros'kie</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a malicious counsellor of the great-duke of
+Moscovia.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bor'oughcliff</b> (<i>Captain</i>), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited,
+and slangy. &quot;I guess,&quot; &quot;I reckon,&quot; &quot;I calculate,&quot; are used indifferently
+by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his
+boastful assertions: as, &quot;I'm a pretty considerable favorite with the
+ladies; arn't I, sergeant Drill?&quot; &quot;My character for valor is pretty well
+known; isn't it, sergeant Drill?&quot; &quot;If you once saw me in battle, you'd
+never forget it; would he, sergeant Drill?&quot; &quot;I'm a sort of a kind of a
+nonentity; arn't I, sergeant Drill?&quot; etc. He is made the butt of Long
+Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece Katharine, but
+the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant Barnstable, who turns
+out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at last in marrying the lady
+of his affection.&mdash;E. Fitzball, <i>The Pilot</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Borre</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the
+knights of the Bound Table. His mother was Lyonors, an earl's daughter,
+who came to do homage to the young king.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of
+Prince Arthur</i>, i. 15 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sir Bors de Granis is quite another person, and so is
+king Bors of Gaul.</p>
+
+<p><b>Borro'meo</b> (<i>Charles</i>), cardinal and archbishop of Milan.
+Immortalized by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'an to the
+plague-stricken (1538-1584).</p>
+
+<p>St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to those
+stricken with the plague at Piacenza; and Mompesson to the people of
+Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in
+ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bors</b> (<i>King</i>) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [Brittany?].
+They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on
+the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to aid them against
+king Claudas, &quot;a mighty man of men,&quot; who warred against them.&mdash;Sir T.
+Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (1470).</p>
+
+<p>There are two brethren beyond the sea, and
+they kings both ... the one hight king Ban of
+Benwieke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul,
+that is, France.&mdash;Pt. i. 8.</p>
+
+<p>(Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round
+Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called sir
+Bors sometimes.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Bors</i> (<i>Sir</i>), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and
+nephew of sir Launcelot. &quot;For all women he was a virgin, save for one,
+the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight Elaine;
+save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid&quot; (ch. iv.). When he went to
+Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine (daughter of
+king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as good a knight as
+his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal was vouchsafed him;
+for&mdash;</p>
+
+There came a white dove, bearing a little censer<br>
+of gold in her bill ... and a maiden that<br>
+bear the Sancgreall, and she said, &quot;Wit ye well,<br>
+sir Bors, that this child ... shall achieve the<br>
+Sancgreall&quot; ... then they kneeled down ... and<br>
+there was such a savor as all the spicery in the<br>
+world had been there. And when the dove took<br>
+her flight, the maiden vanished away with the<br>
+Sancgreall.&mdash;Pt. iii. 4.<br>
+
+<p>Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir</p>
+
+<p>Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily
+appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the
+holy greal; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the
+Saviour enter it.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 101,
+102 (1470).</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;This sir Bors must not be confounded with sir Borre, a natural son
+of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of the earl Sanam, pt. i. 15), nor
+yet with king Bors of Gaul, <i>i.e.</i>, France (pt. i. 8).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bortell</b>, the bull, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i>
+(1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bos'can-[Almoga'v&agrave;]</b>, a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His
+poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced
+the Italian style into Castilian poetry.</p>
+
+Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book,<br>
+Boscan, or Garcilasso.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 95 (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boscosel</b>, mysterious being, who brings about a reunion on earth of
+friends who have long ago departed for the spirit-world.&mdash;Francis Howard
+Williams, <i>Boscosel</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bosmi'na</b>, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of
+Scotland).&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bos'n Hill.</b> In <i>Poems</i> by John Albee
+(1883) we find a legend of a dead Bos'n
+(boatswain) whose whistle calls up the dead
+on stormy nights when</p>
+
+The wind blows wild on Bos'n Hill,<br>
+<br>
+But sailors know when next they sail<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beyond the hilltop's view,</span><br>
+There's one amongst them shall not fail<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To join the Bos'n's crew.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Bossu</b> (<i>R&eacute;n&eacute; le</i>), French scholar and critic (1631-1680).</p>
+
+And for the epic poem your lordship bade<br>
+me look at, upon taking the length, breadth,<br>
+height, and depth of it, and trying them at<br>
+home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my<br>
+lord, in every one of its dimensions.&mdash;Sterne<br>
+(1768).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bossut</b> (<i>Abb&eacute; Charles</i>), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814).</p>
+
+<p>(Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, among others that
+of <i>M. l'Abb&eacute; Bossut</i> in several educational works in French.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bosta'na</b>, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped
+prince Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on &quot;the fiery mountain.&quot;
+His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two
+daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bastinado and feed him
+with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time,
+the heart of Bostana softened towards her captive, and she released him.
+Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his wife, and
+became in time king of the city in which he was already
+vizier.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Amgiad and Assad&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bostock</b>, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family
+birth. His one and only inquiry is &quot;How many quarterings has a person
+got?&quot; Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins, and
+a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, who &quot;is not a sprig of the
+nobility.&quot;&mdash;James Shirley, <i>The Ball</i> (1642).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bot'any</b> (<i>Father of English</i>), W. Turner, M.D. (1520-1568).</p>
+
+<p>J.P. de Tournefort is called <i>The Father of Botany</i> (1656-1708).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Antoine de Jussieu lived 1686-1758, and his brother Bernard
+1699-1777.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bothwell</b> (<i>Sergeant</i>), <i>alias</i> Francis Stewart, in the royal
+army.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bothwell (Lady)</i>, sister of lady Forester.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Geoffrey Bothwell</i>, the husband of lady Bothwell.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Margaret Bothwell</i>, in the introduction of the story. Aunt
+Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tombstone for her own.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bottled Beer</b>, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin
+catechism which first appeared in 1570, under the title of <i>Christian&aelig;
+pietatis prima Institutio, ad usum Scholarum Latine Scripta</i>. In 1560 he
+was promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602).&mdash;Fuller,
+<i>Worthies of England</i> (&quot;Lancashire&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bottom</b> (<i>Nick</i>), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound
+ignorance and unbounded conceit, not without good-nature and a fair dash
+of mother-wit. When the play of <i>Pyramus and Thisbe</i> is cast, Bottom
+covets every part; the lion, Thisb&ecirc;, Pyramus, all have charms for him.
+In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom, on
+whom Puck had placed an ass's head.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer Night's
+Dream</i>.</p>
+
+Bottom. An' I may hide my face; let me play<br>
+Thisby, too: I'll speak in a monstrous little voice.<br>
+<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+<br>
+Let me play the lion, too; I will roar that I will<br>
+do any man's heart good to hear me.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>, i. 2.<br>
+
+<p><b>Boubekir' Muez'in,</b> of Bag dad, &quot;a vain, proud, and envious iman, who
+hated the rich because he himself was poor.&quot; When prince Zeyn Alasnam
+came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probably he
+was &quot;some thief who had made himself rich by plunder.&quot; The prince's
+attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and
+requested the honor of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning
+prayers, the iman said to the people, &quot;I find, my brethren, that the
+stranger who is come to Bag dad is a young prince possessed of a thousand
+virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us protect him, and rejoice
+that he has come among us.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Prince Zeyn Alasnam&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bouchard</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a knight of Flanders, of most honorable descent.
+He married Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127
+Charles &quot;the Good,&quot; earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was always
+a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a serf. Now,
+Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who had raised
+himself to wealth and great honor, was reduced to serfdom because his
+father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard, although a knight
+of royal blood became Thancmar's serf because he married Constance, the
+daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The result of this absurd law
+was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then himself, Constance went mad
+and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each other in fight, and all Bruges
+was thrown into confusion.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of Bruges</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bou'illon</b> (<i>Godfrey duke of</i>), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced
+in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>, a novel by Sir W. Scott (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bounce</b> (<i>Mr. T</i>.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of
+the <i>Times</i> (or the <i>Turnabout</i>, as it was called).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bound'erby</b> (<i>Josiah</i>), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the
+&quot;Bully of Humility,&quot; a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic
+laugh. Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he
+pays &pound;30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pretends
+that &quot;he was dragged up from the gutter to become a millionaire.&quot; Mr.
+Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbor and friend, Thomas
+Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bountiful</b> (<i>Lady</i>), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was
+curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent.</p>
+
+&quot;My lady Bountiful is one of the best of women.<br>
+Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her<br>
+with &pound;1000 a year; and I believe she lays out<br>
+one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of<br>
+her neighbors. In short, she has cured more<br>
+people in and about Lichfield within ten years<br>
+than the doctors have killed in twenty; and that's<br>
+a bold word.&quot;&mdash;George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux'<br>
+Stratagem</i>, i. 1 (1705).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bounty</b> (<i>Mutiny of the</i>), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian.
+The mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn Island (Polynesian
+Archipelago). In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander
+Smith), who had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model
+patriarch of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the
+British Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in <i>The Island</i>, has made the
+&quot;mutiny of the <i>Bounty</i>&quot; the basis of his tale, but the facts are
+greatly distorted.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bous'trapa,</b> a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of
+the first syllables of <i>Bou</i> [logne], <i>Stra</i> [sbourg], <i>Pa</i>[ris], and
+alludes to his escapades in 1836, 1840, 1851 (<i>coup d'&eacute;tat</i>).</p>
+
+<p>No man ever lived who was distinguished by more nicknames than Louis
+Napoleon. Besides the one above mentioned, he was called <i>Badinguet, Man
+of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Verhuel</i>, etc.; and after his escape
+from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of <i>count Arenenberg</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bower of Bliss</b>, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It
+abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure. Here
+Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he
+ultimately broke from the enchantress and rejoined the war.&mdash;Tasso,
+<i>Jerusalem Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bower of Bliss</i>, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and
+most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating
+island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the senses,
+and &quot;wrap the spirit in forgetfulness.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 12
+(1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bowkit</b>, in <i>The Son-in-Law.</i></p>
+
+<p>In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on
+account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing &quot;Bowkit&quot; at the
+Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, &quot;<i>Ugly?</i>&quot; and then advancing
+to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, &quot;I submit to the decision
+of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us three: I, old
+Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the balcony
+box?&quot;&mdash;<i>Cornhill Magazine</i> (1867).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bowley</b> (<i>Sir Joseph</i>), M.P., who facetiously calls himself &quot;the
+poor man's friend.&quot; His secretary is Fish.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i>
+(1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bowling</b> (<i>Lieutenant Tom</i>), an admirable naval character in
+Smollett's <i>Roderick Random.</i> Dibdin wrote a naval song <i>in memoriam</i> of
+Tom Bowling, beginning thus:</p>
+
+Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling,<br>
+The darling of the crew ...<br>
+
+<p><b>Bowyer</b> (<i>Master</i>), usher of the black rod in the court of queen
+Elizabeth.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bowzybe'us</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), the drunkard, rioted for his songs in Gray's
+pastorals, called <i>The Shepherd's Week</i>. He sang of &quot;Nature's Laws,&quot; of
+&quot;Fairs and Shows,&quot; &quot;The Children in the Wood,&quot; &quot;Chevy Chase,&quot; &quot;Taffey
+Welsh,&quot; &quot;Rosamond's Bower,&quot; &quot;Lilly-bullero,&quot; etc. The 6th pastoral is in
+imitation of Virgil's 6th <i>Ecl</i>., and Bowzyb&euml;us is a vulgarized Silenus.</p>
+
+That Bowzybeus, who with jocund tongue,<br>
+Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, vi. (1714).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Box and Cox,</b> a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal
+characters of which are Box and Cox.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boy Bachelor</b> <i>(The)</i>, William Wotton, D.D., admitted at St.
+Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of
+B.A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boy Bishop</b> <i>(The)</i>, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth
+century).</p>
+
+<p>(There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral
+choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy
+possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was buried
+<i>in pontificalibus</i>. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In
+Salisbury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the
+verger says was made for a boy bishop.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Boy Blue</b> <i>(Little)</i> is the subject of a poem in Eugene Field's
+<i>Little Book of Western Verse</i>.</p>
+
+The little toy-dog is covered with dust,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But sturdy and staunch he stands;</span><br>
+And the little toy-soldier is red with rust,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his musket moulds in his hands.</span><br>
+Time was when the little toy-dog was new,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the soldier was passing fair,</span><br>
+And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kissed them and put them there.</span><br>
+
+<p>*       *       *       *       *</p>
+
+
+Ay, faithful to Little Boy Blue they stand,<br>
+Each in the same old place,<br>
+Awaiting the touch of a little hand,<br>
+The smile of a little face. (1889.)<br>
+
+<p><b>Boy Crucified.</b> It is said that some time during the dark ages, a
+boy named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach, on the Rhine, by
+the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on
+the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William
+of Norwich are instances of a similar story.</p>
+
+See how its currents gleam and shine ...<br>
+As if the grapes were stained with the blood<br>
+Of the innocent boy who, some years back,<br>
+Was taken and crucified by the Jews<br>
+In that ancient town of Bacharach.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Boyet'</b>, one of the lords attending on the princess of
+France.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labor's Lost</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Boythorn</b> (<i>Laurence</i>), a robust gentleman with the voice of a
+Stentor; a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious
+sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his
+finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady
+Dedlock's sister. But &quot;the good old times&mdash;all times when old are
+good&mdash;were gone.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p>(&quot;Laurence Boythorn&quot; is a caricature of W. S. Landor; as &quot;Harold
+Skimpole,&quot; in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Boz</b>, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed
+<i>Moses</i>, in honor of &quot;Moses Primrose&quot; in the <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>.
+Children called the name <i>Bozes</i>, which got shortened into <i>Boz</i>
+(1812-1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bozzy,</b> James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson
+(1740-1795).</p>
+
+<p><b>Braban'tio,</b> a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na; most proud,
+arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the &quot;insolence&quot; of Othello in
+marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have been
+drugged with love-potions so to demean herself.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>
+(1611).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brac'cio,</b> commissary of the republic of Florence, employed in
+picking up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble
+Moor, who commanded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The
+Florentines hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly
+cancel their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to
+confess. This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so clear
+in his great office, that his virtues would plead like angels,
+trumpet-tongued, against the council which should censure him.&mdash;Robert
+Browning, <i>Luria</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brac'idas and Am'idas,</b> the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love
+with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy. Their
+father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size and value,
+but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother and added to
+the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook Bracidas for the
+richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken, jumped into the sea.
+A floating chest attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was
+drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas received her kindly. The
+chest was found to contain property of great value, and Lucy gave it to
+Bracidas, together with herself, &quot;the better of them both.&quot; Amidas and
+Philtra claimed the chest as their right, and the dispute was submitted
+to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his
+own all the additions which the sea had given to his island, so Lucy
+might claim as her own the chest which the sea had given into her
+hands.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 4 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Braekenbury</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, English peer of nomadic tastes. He disappears
+from his world, leaving the impression that he has been murdered, that
+he may live unhampered by class-obligations.&mdash;Amelia B. Edwards, <i>Lord
+Brackenbury</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Bracy <i>(Sir Maurice de</i>), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady
+Rowen'a to become his bride, and threatens to kill both Cedric and
+Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is interrupted, and at the close
+of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time,
+Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brad'amant,</b> daughter of Amon and Beatrice, sister of Rinaldo, and
+niece of Charlemagne. She was called the <i>Virgin Knight.</i> Her armor was
+white, and her plume white. She loved Roge'ro the Moor, but refused to
+marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great pomp and
+Rogero's victory over Rodomont form the subject of the last book of
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i>. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear, which
+unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar
+spear.&mdash;Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495); Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brad'bourne</b> (<i>Mistress Lilias</i>), waiting-woman of lady Avenel (2
+<i>syl</i>.), at Avenel Castle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bradwardine</b> (<i>Como Cosmyne</i>), baron of Bradwardine and of Tully
+Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Rose Bradwardine</i>, his daughter, the heroine of the novel, which
+concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the
+manor-house of Tully Veolan.</p>
+
+<p><i>Malcolm Bradwardine</i> of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old baron.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brady</b> (<i>Martha</i>), a young &quot;Irish widow&quot; twenty-three years of age,
+and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick
+O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of sixty-three, wanted to
+oust his nephew in her affections, for he thought her &quot;so modest, so
+mild, so tenderhearted, so reserved, so domestic. Her voice was so
+sweet, with just a <i>soup&ccedil;on</i> of the brogue to make it enchanting.&quot; In
+order to break off this detestable passion of the old man, the widow
+assumed the airs and manners of a boisterous, loud, flaunting,
+extravagant, low Irishwoman, deeply in debt, and abandoned to pleasure.
+Old Whittle, thoroughly frightened, induced his nephew to take the widow
+off his hands, and gave him &pound;5000 as a <i>douceur</i> for so doing.&mdash;Garrick,
+<i>The Irish Widow</i> (1757).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brag</b> (<i>Jack</i>), a vulgar boaster, who gets into good society, where
+his vulgarity stands out in strong relief.&mdash;Theodore Hook, <i>Jack Brag</i>
+(a novel).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brag</i> (<i>Sir Jack</i>), general John Burgoyne (died 1792).</p>
+
+<p><b>Braganza</b> (<i>Juan duke of</i>). In 1580 Philip II. of Spain claimed the
+crown of Portugal, and governed it by a regent. In 1640 Margaret was
+regent, and Velasquez her chief minister, a man exceedingly obnoxious to
+the Portuguese. Don Juan and his wife Louisa of Braganza being very
+popular, a conspiracy was formed to shake off the Spanish yoke.
+Velasquez was torn to death by the populace, and don Juan of Braganza
+was proclaimed king.</p>
+
+<p><i>Louisa duchess of Braganza</i>. Her character is thus described:</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Bright Louisa,</span><br>
+To all the softness of her tender sex,
+Unites the noblest qualities of man:
+A genius to embrace the amplest schemes...
+Judgment most sound, persuasive eloquence...
+Pure piety without religious dross,
+And fortitude that shrinks at no disaster.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Robert Jephson, <i>Braganza</i>, i. 1 (1775).</span><br>
+
+<p>Mrs. Bellamy took her leave of the stage May
+24, 1785. On this occasion Mrs. Yates sustained
+the part of the &quot;duchess of Braganza,&quot; and Miss
+Farren spoke the address.&mdash;F. Reynolds.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Bragela,</b> daughter of Sorglan, and wife of Cuthullin (general of the
+Irish army and regent during the minority of king Cormac).&mdash;Ossian,
+<i>Fingal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Braggado&acute;cio,</b> personification of the intemperance of the tongue.
+For a time his boasting serves him with some profit, but being found
+out, he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. His <i>shield</i> is claimed by
+Mar&acute;inel; his <i>horse</i> by Guyon; Talus shaves off his beard; and his lady
+is shown to be a sham Florimel.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. 8 and 10,
+with v. 3.</p>
+
+<p>It is thought that Philip of Spain was the academy figure of
+&quot;Braggadocio.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Braggadocio's Sword</i>, San&acute;glamore (<i>3 syl</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bragmar&acute;do</b> (<i>Jano&acute;tus de</i>), the sophister sent by the Parisians to
+Gargantua, to remonstrate with him for carrying off the bells of
+Notre-Dame to suspend round the neck of his mare for jingles.&mdash;Rabelais,
+<i>Gargantua and Pantag&acute;ruel&acute;</i>, ii. (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brahmin Caste of New England,</b> term used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in
+<i>Elsie Venner</i> to describe an intellectual aristocracy: &quot;Our scholars
+come chiefly from a privileged order just as our best fruits come from
+well-known grafts.&quot;&mdash;<i>Elsie Venner</i> (1863).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brain'worm,</b> the servant of Knowell, a man of infinite shifts, and a
+regular Proteus in his metamorphoses. He appears first as Brainworm;
+after as Fitz-Sword; then as a reformed soldier whom Knowell takes into
+his service; then as justice Clement's man; and lastly as valet to the
+courts of law, by which devices he plays upon the same clique of some
+half-dozen men of average intelligence.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>Every Man in His
+Humour</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brakel</b> (<i>Adrian</i>), the gipsy mountebank, formerly master of
+Fenella, the deaf and dumb girl.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>
+(time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bramble</b> (<i>Matthew</i>), an &quot;odd kind of humorist,&quot; &quot;always on the
+fret,&quot; dyspeptic, and afflicted with gout, but benevolent, generous, and
+kind-hearted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Tabitha Bramble</i>, an old maiden sister of Matthew Bramble, of some
+forty-five years of age, noted for her bad spelling. She is starched,
+vain, prim, and ridiculous; soured in temper, proud, imperious, prying,
+mean, malicious, and uncharitable. She contrives at last to marry
+captain Lismaha'go, who is content to take &quot;the maiden&quot; for the sake of
+her &pound;4000.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bramble (Sir Robert</i>), a baronet living at Blackberry Hall, Kent. Blunt
+and testy, but kind-hearted; &quot;charitable as a Christian, and rich as a
+Jew;&quot; fond of argument and contradiction, but detesting flattery; very
+proud, but most considerate to his poorer neighbors. In his first
+interview with lieutenant Worthington, &quot;the poor gentleman,&quot; the
+lieutenant mistook him for a bailiff come to arrest him, but sir Roflert
+nobly paid the bill for &pound;500 when it was presented to him for signature
+as sheriff of the county.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frederick Bramble</i>, nephew of sir Robert, and son of Joseph Bramble, a
+Russian merchant. His father having failed in business, Frederick is
+adopted by his rich uncle. He is full of life and noble instincts, but
+thoughtless and impulsive. Frederick falls in love with Emily
+Worthington, whom he marries.&mdash;G. Colman, <i>The Poor Gentleman</i> (1802).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bra&acute;mine</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>) <b>and Bra&acute;min</b> (<i>The</i>), Mrs. Elizabeth Draper
+and Laurence Sterne. Sterne being a clergyman, and Mrs. Draper having
+been born in India, suggested the names. Ten of Sterne's letters to Mrs.
+Draper are published, and called <i>Letters to Eliza</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bran,</b> the dog of Lamderg the lover of Gelchossa (daughter of
+Tuathal).&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, v.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Fingal king of Morven had a dog of the same name, and
+another named Lu&auml;th.</p>
+
+Call White-breasted Bran and the surly<br>
+strength of Lu&auml;th.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, vi.<br>
+
+<p><b>Brand</b> (<i>Ethan</i>), an ex-lime burner in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story
+of the same name, who, fancying he has committed the Unpardonable Sin,
+commits suicide by leaping into the burning kiln.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brand</i> (<i>Sir Denys</i>), a county magnate, who apes humility. He rides a
+sorry brown nag &quot;not worth &pound;5,&quot; but mounts his groom on a race-horse
+&quot;twice victor for a plate.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bran&acute;damond</b> of Damascus, whom sir Bevis of Southampton defeated.</p>
+
+<p>That dreadful battle where with Brandamond he fought. And with his sword
+and steed such earthly wonders wrought As e'en among his foes him
+admiration won. M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bran'dan</b> (<i>Island of St</i>.) or ISLAND of SAN BORANDAN, a flying
+island, so late as 1755 set down in geographical charts west of the
+Canary group. In 1721 an expedition was sent by Spain in quest thereof.
+The Spaniards say their king Rodri'go has retreated there, and the
+Portuguese affirm that it is the retreat of their don Sebastian. It was
+called St. Brandan from a navigator of the sixth century, who went in
+search of the &quot;Islands of Paradise.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Its reality was for a long time a matter of firm belief ... the garden
+of Armi'da, where Rinaldo was detained, and which Tasso places in one of
+the Canary Isles, has been identified with San Borandan.&mdash;W. Irving.</p>
+
+<p>(If there is any truth at all in the legend, the island must be ascribed
+to the Fata Morgana.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bran'deum,</b> plu. <i>Brandea</i>, a piece of cloth enclosed in a box with
+relics, which thus acquired the same miraculous powers as the relics
+themselves.</p>
+
+<p>Pope Leo proved this fact beyond a doubt, for when some Greeks ventured
+to question it, he cut a brandeum through with a pair of scissors, and
+it was instantly covered with blood.&mdash;J. Brady, <i>Clavis Calendaria</i>,
+182.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bran'dimart,</b> brother-in-law of Orlando, son of Monodant&ecirc;s, and
+husband of For'delis. This &quot;king of the Distant Islands&quot; was one of the
+bravest knights in Charlemagne's army, and was slain by
+Gradasso.&mdash;Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorata</i> (1495); Ariosto, <i>Orlando
+Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brand,</b> a term often applied to the sword in medaeval romances.</p>
+
+Thou therefore take my brand Excalibur,<br>
+Which was my pride&mdash;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Morte d'Arthur.</i></span><br>
+
+<p><b>Brangtons</b> (<i>The</i>), vulgar, jealous, malicious gossips in <i>Evelina</i>,
+a novel by Miss Burney (1778).</p>
+
+<p><b>Branno,</b> an Irishman, father of Evirallin. Evirallin was the wife of
+Ossian and mother of Oscar.&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brass,</b> the roguish confederate of Dick Amlet, and acting as his
+servant.</p>
+
+&quot;I am your valet, 'tis true; your footman<br>
+sometimes ... but you have always had the<br>
+ascendant, I confess. When we were school-fellows,<br>
+you made me carry your books, make your<br>
+exercise, own your rogueries, and sometimes take<br>
+a whipping for you. When we were fellow-'prentices,<br>
+though I was your senior, you made<br>
+me open the shop, clean my master's boots, cut<br>
+last at dinner, and eat all the crusts. In your<br>
+sins, too, I must own you still kept me under;<br>
+you soared up to the mistress, while I was content<br>
+with the maid.&quot;&mdash;Sir John Yanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i>,<br>
+iii. 1 (1695).<br>
+
+<p><i>Brass (Sampson)</i>, a knavish, servile attorney, affecting great sympathy
+with his clients, but in reality fleecing them without mercy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sally Brass</i>, Sampson's sister, and an exaggerated edition of her
+brother.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Old Curiosity Shop</i> (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brave</b> (<i>The</i>), Alfonzo IV. of Portugal (1290-1357).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Brave Fleming</i>, John Andrew van der Mersch (1734-1792).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Bravest of the Brave</i>, Marshal Ney, <i>Le Brave des Braves</i>
+(1769-1815).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bray</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a selfish, miserly old man, who dies suddenly of
+heart-disease, just in time to save his daughter from being sacrificed
+to Arthur Gride, a rich old miser.</p>
+
+<p><i>Madeline Bray</i>, daughter of Mr. Bray, a loving, domestic, beautiful
+girl, who marries Nicholas Nickleby.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>
+(1838).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bray (Vicar of)</i>, supposed by some to be Simon Aleyn, who lived (says
+Fuller) &quot;in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth.
+In the first two reigns he was a <i>protestant</i>, in Mary's reign a
+<i>catholic</i>, and in Elizabeth's a <i>protestant</i> again.&quot; No matter who was
+king, Simon Aleyn resolved to live and die &quot;the vicar of Bray&quot;
+(1540-1588).</p>
+
+<p>Others think the vicar was Simon Symonds, who (according to Ray) was an
+<i>independent</i> in the protectorate, a <i>high churchman</i> in the reign of
+Charles II., a <i>papist</i> under James II., and a <i>moderate churchman</i> in
+the reign of William III.</p>
+
+<p>Others again give the cap to one Pendleton.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The well-known song was written by an officer in colonel
+Fuller's regiment, in the reign of George I., and seems to refer to some
+clergyman of no very distant date.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bray&acute;more</b> (<i>Lady Caroline</i>), daughter of lord Fitz-Balaam. She was
+to have married Frank Rochdale, but hearing that her &quot;intended&quot; loved
+Mary Thornberry, she married the Hon. Tom Shuffleton.&mdash;G. Colman, jun.,
+<i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brazen</b> (<i>Captain</i>), a kind of Bobadil. A boastful, tongue-doughty
+warrior, who pretends to know everybody; to have a liaison with every
+wealthy, pretty, or distinguished woman; and to have achieved in war the
+most amazing prodigies.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brazen Head.</b> The first on record is one which Sylvester II.
+(<i>Gerbert</i>) possessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till he
+had sung mass at Jerusalem. When pope he was stricken with his
+death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem
+(999-1003).</p>
+
+<p>The next we hear of was made by Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253).</p>
+
+<p>The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which cost him
+thirty years' labor, and was broken to pieces by his disciple Thomas
+Aqui&acute;nas (1193-1280).</p>
+
+<p>The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, &quot;Time is, time
+was, time comes.&quot; Byron refers to it in the lines:</p>
+
+Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken,<br>
+&quot;Time is, time was, time's past [?]&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;"><i>Don Juan</i>, i. 217 (1819).</span><br>
+
+<p>Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a
+sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brazen Head</i> (<i>The</i>), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant
+Fer&acute;ragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who consulted
+it whatever they desired to know, past, present, or future.&mdash;<i>Valentine
+and Orson</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Breakfast Table</b> (<i>Autocrat of</i>). See AUTOCRAT.</p>
+
+<p><b>Breaking a Stick</b> is part of the marriage ceremony of the American
+Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony of
+the Jews.&mdash;Lady Augusta Hamilton, <i>Marriage Rites, etc.</i>, pp. 292, 298.</p>
+
+<p>In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the Virgin
+Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that the several
+suitors of the &quot;virgin&quot; were each to bring an almond stick which was to
+be laid up in the sanctuary over night, and the owner of the stick which
+budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained, and thus Joseph
+became her husband.&mdash;B.H. Cowper, <i>Apocryphal Gospel</i> (&quot;Pseudo-Matthew's
+Gospel,&quot; 40, 41).</p>
+
+<p>In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their
+sticks on the back of Joseph.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brec&acute;an,</b> a mythical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by
+one wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed
+into rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Brecknockshire,
+according to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.)</p>
+
+Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great<br>
+(Who dying lent his name to that his noble seat),<br>
+With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife.<br>
+They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life,<br>
+To rivers were transformed; whose pureness doth declare<br>
+How excellent they were by being what they are ...<br>
+...<i>[they]</i> to Severn shape their course.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Brec'han</b> (<i>Prince</i>), father of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the
+former a martyr and the latter a confessor.</p>
+
+<p><b>Breck</b> (<i>Alison</i>), an old fishwife, friend of the
+Mucklebackits.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time, Greorge III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Breck (Angus)</i>, a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, Greorge I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Breitman</b> (<i>Hans</i>), the giver of the entertainment celebrated in
+Charles Godfrey Leland's dialect verses, <i>Hans Breitman gave a Party</i>. A
+favorite with parlor and platform &quot;readers.&quot; (1871.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bren&acute;da</b> [TROIL], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Breng&acute;wain,</b> the confidante of Is&acute;olde (<i>2 syl.</i>) wife of sir Mark
+king of Cornwall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir
+Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues.</p>
+
+<p><i>Breng&acute;wain</i>, wife of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brennett</b> (<i>Maurice</i>), a man whom &quot;life had always cast for the
+leading business&quot; and who &quot;bears himself in a manner befitting the title
+r&ocirc;le.&quot; In pursuance of this destiny he becomes a mining speculator,
+betrays his confiding partner and everybody else who will trust, and
+when success seems within his grasp is thwarted by the discovery of a
+man he had supposed to be dead. The woman he would have married to
+secure her fortune, around which he had woven the fine web of his
+schemes, breaks out impetuously:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;If you will prove his complicity ... I will pursue him to the ends of
+the earth.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>At that moment through the window she sees the head-light of the train
+that is bearing Maurice Brennett away into the darkness. The thorough
+search made for him afterward is futile.&mdash;Charles Egbert Craddock,
+<i>Where the Battle was Fought</i> (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brenta&acute;no</b> (<i>A</i>), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens
+and his sister Bettina, are remarkable in German literary annals for the
+wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work, <i>G&ouml;the's
+Correspondence with a Child</i> (1835), is a pure fabrication of her own.</p>
+
+At the point where the folly of others ceases,<br>
+that of the Brentanos begins.&mdash;<i>German Proverb</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Brentford</b> (<i>The two kings of</i>). In the duke of Buckingham's farce
+called <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter
+hand-in-hand, dance together, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to
+heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the same
+nosegay (act ii. 2).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bretwalda</b>, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in
+England during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called
+emperor. The bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the
+under-kings, but in times of war or danger formed an important centre.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brewer of Ghent</b> (<i>The</i>), James van Artevelde, a great patriot. His
+son Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brewster</b> (<i>William</i>). <i>The Life and Death of William Brewster</i>,
+elder in the first church planted in Massachusetts, was written by his
+colleague William Bradford (1630-1650). After a feeling eulogy upon his
+departed friend, he remarks, parenthetically: &quot;He always thought it were
+better for ministers to pray oftener and divide their prayers, than be
+long and tedious in the same (except upon solemn and special occasions,
+as in days of humiliation and the like). His reason was that the hearts
+and spirits of all, especially the weak, continue and stand bent (as it
+were) so long towards God as they ought to do in that duty without
+flagging and falling off.&quot; This is a remarkable deliverance for a day
+when two-hour prayers were the rule, and from a man who, his biographer
+tells us, &quot;had a singular good gift in prayer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bria&acute;na,</b> the lady of a castle who demanded for toll &quot;the locks of
+every lady and the beard of every knight that passed.&quot; This toll was
+established because sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused to
+marry her till she had provided him with human hair sufficient to
+&quot;purfle a mantle&quot; with. Sir Crudor, having been overthrown in knightly
+combat by sir Calidore, who refused to pay &quot;the toll demanded,&quot; is made
+to release Briana from the condition imposed on her, and Briana swears
+to discontinue the discourteous toll.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, vi. 1
+(1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bri&acute;anor</b> (<i>Sir</i>), a knight overthrown by the &quot;Salvage Knight,&quot;
+whose name was sir Artegal.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 5 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Briar&acute;eos</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), usually called Briareus [<i>Bri&acute;.a.ruce</i>], the
+giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, &quot;And Briareus, with all
+his hundred hands&quot; (<i>Virgil</i>, vi.); but Milton writes the name Briareos
+(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 199).</p>
+
+Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came,<br>
+Whom gods Briareos, men &AElig;geon name.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">Pope, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Bri&acute;areus</b> (<i>Bold</i>), Handel (1685-1757).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bri&acute;areus of Languages</b>, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with
+fifty-eight different languages. Byron calls him &quot;a walking polyglot&quot;
+(1774-1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bribo&acute;ci</b>, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent
+counties.&mdash;C&aelig;sar, <i>Commentaries</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brick</b> (<i>Jefferson</i>), a very weak pale young man, the war
+correspondent of the <i>New York Rowdy Journal</i>, of which colonel Diver
+was editor.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bride of Aby&acute;dos</b> (<i>The</i>), Zulei&acute;ka (<i>3 syl.</i>), daughter of Giaffer
+(<i>2 syl.</i>), pacha of Abydos. She is the troth-plight bride of Selim; but
+Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart.&mdash;Byron,
+<i>Bride of Abydos</i> (1813).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bride of Lammermoor</b>, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw. She
+tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day
+following.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> is one of the most finished of Scott's
+novels, presenting a unity of plot and action from beginning to end. The
+old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and far too prominent, but
+he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes.</p>
+
+In <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> we see embodied<br>
+the dark spirit of fatalism&mdash;that spirit which<br>
+breathes on the writings of the Greek tragedians<br>
+when they traced the persecuting vengeance of<br>
+destiny against the houses of Laius and Atreus.<br>
+From the time that we hear the prophetic rhymes<br>
+the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us,<br>
+till they close the tale in a night of horror.&mdash;Ed.<br>
+Rev.<br>
+
+<p><b>Bride of the Sea</b>, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of
+the doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it,
+pronouncing these words, &quot;We wed thee, O sea, in token of perpetual
+domination.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridge.</b> The imaginary bridge between earth and the Mohammedan
+paradise is called &quot;Al Sirat&acute;.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian
+mythology is called &quot;Bif&acute;rost.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridge of Gold.</b> According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit
+crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in reasons of plenty,
+and blesses both cornfields and vineyards.</p>
+
+Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,<br>
+Upon thy bridge of gold.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">Longfellow, <i>Autumn</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Bridge of Sighs</b>, the covered passageway which connects the palace
+of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called &quot;the Bridge of
+Sighs,&quot; because the condemned passed over it from the judgment hall to
+the place of execution. Hood has a poem called <i>The Bridge of Sighs</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridgemore</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest
+merchant, wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a <i>soir&eacute;e</i>
+given by lord Abberville, &quot;and counts the servants, gapes at the
+lustres, and never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below,
+chatting with the travelling tutor.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bridgemore</i>, wife of Mr. Bridgemore, equally vulgar, but with more
+pretension to gentility.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Lucinda Bridgemore</i>, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious daughter
+of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was engaged to lord
+Abberville, but her money would not out-balance her vulgarity and
+ill-temper, so the young &quot;fashionable lover&quot; made his bow and
+retired.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridgenorth</b> (<i>Major Ralph</i>), a roundhead and conspirator, neighbor
+of sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bridgenorth</i>, the major's wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Alice Bridgenorth</i>, the major's daughter and heroine of the novel. Her
+marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the novel.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brid&acute;get</b> (<i>Miss</i>), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel
+called <i>The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling</i> (1750).</p>
+
+It has been wondered why Fielding should<br>
+have chosen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on<br>
+the birth of his hero ... but had Miss Bridget<br>
+been privately married ... there could have<br>
+been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the<br>
+birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable<br>
+and compassionate as Allworthy.&mdash;<i>Encyc.<br>
+Brit.</i> Art. &quot;Fielding.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><i>Brid&acute;get (Mrs.)</i>, in Sterne's novel called <i>The Life and Opinions of
+Tristram Shandy, Gent.</i> (1759).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bridget (Mother)</i>, aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St.
+Catherine.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bridget (May)</i>, the milkwoman at Falkland Castle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair
+Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridge&acute;ward</b> (<i>Peter</i>), the bridgekeeper of Kennaquhair (&quot;I know not
+where&quot;).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bridgeward (Peter)</i>, warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He
+refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of
+lady Alice.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridle.</b> John Grower says that Rosiphele princess of Armenia,
+insensible to love, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly
+mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred
+except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was informed
+that she was disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her lovers, but
+that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because the obdurate
+girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love. Moral&mdash;Hence
+let ladies warning take&mdash;</p>
+
+Of love that they be not idle,<br>
+And bid them think of my bridle.<br>
+<i>Confessio Amantis</i> (&quot;Episode of Rosiphele,&quot;<br>
+1325-1402).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bridlegoose</b> <i>(Judge)</i>, a judge who decided the causes brought
+before him, not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more
+simple process of throwing dice. Rabelais, <i>Pantag&acute;ruel</i>, iii. 39
+(1545.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bri&acute;dlesly</b> (<i>Joe</i>), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian
+Peveril buys a horse.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time,
+Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brid&acute;oison</b> <i>[Bree.dwoy.zong&acute;]</i>, a stupid judge in the <i>Mariage
+de Figaro</i>, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bridoon</b> (<i>Corporal</i>), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brien&acute;nius</b> (<i>Nicephorus</i>), the C&aelig;sar of the Grecian empire, and
+husband of Anna Comne&acute;na (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of
+Greece).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brigado&acute;re</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), sir Guyon's horse. The word means &quot;Golden
+saddle.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brigan&acute;tes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), called by Drayton
+<i>Brig&acute;ants</i>, the people of Yorkshire, Lancashire,
+Westmoreland, Cumberland, and
+Durham.</p>
+
+Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed,<br>
+The powerful English established ... Northumberland [<i>Northumbria</i>].<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Briggs,</b> one of the ten young gentlemen
+in the school of Dr. Blimber when Paul
+Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was
+nicknamed the &quot;Stoney,&quot; because his
+brains were petrified by the constant dropping
+of wisdom upon them.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brigliadoro</b> [<i>Bril&acute;.ye.dor&acute;.ro</i>], Orlando's steed. The word means
+&quot;Gold bridle.&quot;&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p>Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, is called by a similar
+name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brilliant</b> <i>(Sir Philip)</i>, a great fop, but brave soldier, like the
+famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but
+would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. &quot;A
+butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector on the battle-field.&quot; He was
+a &quot;blade of proof; you might laugh at the scabbard, but you wouldn't at
+the blade.&quot; He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his vanities, and
+marries.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>Old Maids</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brilliant Madman</b> <i>(The)</i>, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brillianta</b> <i>(The lady)</i>, a great wit in the ancient romance
+entitled <i>Tirante le Blanc</i>, author unknown.</p>
+
+<p>Here (in <i>Tirante le Blanc</i>) we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie
+Elyson of Montalban, his brother Thomas, the knight Fonseca ... the
+stratagems of the widow Tranquil ... and the witticisms of lady
+Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever
+written.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6 (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bris</b> <i>(Il conte di San)</i>, governor of the Louvre. He is father of
+Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre.&mdash;Meyerbeer, <i>Les
+Huguenots</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brisac'</b> <i>(Justice)</i>, brother of Miramont.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles Brisac</i>, a scholar, son of justice Brisac.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eustace Brisac</i>, a courtier, brother of Charles.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Elder Brother</i> (1637).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brise'is</b> <i>(3 syl.)</i>, whose real name was Hippodam&iuml;'a, was the
+daughter of Bris&ecirc;s, brother of the priest Chrys&ecirc;s. She was the concubine
+of Achill&ecirc;s, but when Achill&ecirc;s bullied Agamemnon for not giving
+Chryse'is to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned
+upon him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis
+instead.&mdash;Homer, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brisk</b>, a good-natured conceited coxcomb, with a most voluble
+tongue. Fond of saying &quot;good things,&quot; and pointing them out with such
+expressions as &quot;There I had you, eh?&quot; &quot;That was pretty well, egad, eh?&quot;
+&quot;I hit you in the teeth there, egad!&quot; His ordinary oath was &quot;Let me
+perish!&quot; He makes love to lady Froth.&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The Double Dealer</i>
+(1694).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bris'kie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain
+in the Moscovite army, and brother of general Archas &quot;the loyal subject&quot;
+of the great-duke of Moscovia.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal
+Subject</i> (1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bris'sotin</b>, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an
+advanced revolutionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the
+Girondists, and the word dropped out of use.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bristol Boy</b> (<i>The</i>), Thomas Chatterton, the poet, born at Bristol.
+Also called &quot;The Marvellous Boy.&quot; Byron calls him &quot;The wondrous boy who
+perished in his pride&quot; (1752-1770).</p>
+
+<p><b>Britan'nia.</b> The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by
+the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance
+thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less
+poetically expressed by &quot;An old witch on a broomstick.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The effigy of Britannia on British copper coin dates from the reign of
+Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by
+Evelyn. It is meant for one of the king's court favorites, some say
+Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara
+Villiers, duchess of Cleveland.</p>
+
+<p><b>British History</b> of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a
+Welsh Chronicle. It is in nine books, and contains a &quot;history&quot; of the
+Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan &AElig;neas to the
+death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey was first
+archdeacon of Monmouth and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general outline
+of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three centuries
+previously. Geoffrey's <i>Chronicle</i>, published about 1143, formed a basis
+for many subsequent historical works. A compendium by Diceto is
+published in Gale's <i>Chronicles</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brit'omart</b>, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter
+and heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book
+of the <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass, given
+by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell in love
+with him. Her nurse Glauc&ecirc; (2 <i>syl</i>.) tried by charms &quot;to undo her
+love,&quot; but love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can remove.
+Finding her &quot;charms&quot; ineffectual, she took her to Merlin's cave in
+Caermarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother of a line
+of kings (<i>the Tudors</i>), and after twice 400 years one of her offspring,
+&quot;a royal virgin,&quot; would shake the power of Spain. Glauc&ecirc; now suggested
+that they should start in quest of sir Artegal, and Britomart donned the
+armor of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which she found in her father's
+armory, and taking a magic spear which &quot;nothing could resist,&quot; she
+sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize the triumph of chastity over
+impurity: Thus in Castle Joyous, Malacasta <i>(lust)</i>, not knowing her
+sex, tried to seduce her, &quot;but she flees youthful lust, which wars
+against the soul.&quot; She next overthrew Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then
+made her appearance as the Squire of Dames. Her last achievement was the
+deliverance of Am'oret <i>(wifely love)</i> from the enchanter Busirane. Her
+marriage is deferred to bk. v. 6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who
+&quot;shares away the ventail of her helmet with his sword,&quot; and was about to
+strike again when he became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she
+must be a goddess. She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once
+recognized him, consented &quot;to be his love, and to take him for her
+lord.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p>
+
+<p>She charmed at once and tamed the heart, Incomparable Britomart.</p>
+
+<p>Sir W. Scott.</p>
+
+<p><b>Briton</b> <i>(Colonel)</i>, a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump
+from a window in order to escape from a marriage she dislikes. The
+colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her
+friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante,
+supposing Violante to be the object of his visits, becomes jealous, till
+at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is the
+result.&mdash;Mrs. Centlivre, <i>The Wonder</i> (1714).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brob'dingnag,</b> a country of enormous giants, to whom Gulliver was a
+tiny dwarf. They were as tall &quot;as an ordinary church steeple,&quot; and all
+their surroundings were in proportion.</p>
+
+<p>Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husband must come from
+Brobdingnag. Kane O'Hara, <i>Midas</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brock</b> <i>(Adam)</i>, in <i>Charles XII.</i>, an historical drama by J. E.
+Planch&eacute;.</p>
+
+<p><b>Broken-Girth-Flow</b> (<i>Laird of</i>), one of the Jacobite conspirators in
+<i>The Black Dwarf</i>, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Broker of the Empire</b> (<i>The</i>). Dari&acute;us, son of Hystasp&ecirc;s, was so
+called by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of
+his empire.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bro&acute;mia,</b> wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of
+Alcme&acute;na. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat
+subjection. She is not one of the characters in Moli&egrave;re's comedy of
+<i>Amphitryon</i>.&mdash;Dryden, <i>Amphitryon</i> (1690).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bromton's Chronicle</b> (time, Edward III.), that is, &quot;The Chronicle of
+John Bromton&quot; printed among the <i>Decem Scriptores</i>, under the titles of
+&quot;Chronicon Johannis Bromton,&quot; and &quot;Joralanensis Historia a Johanne
+Bromton,&quot; abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the
+conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death of
+Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not
+<i>written</i> by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was
+abbot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bron&acute;tes</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), one of the Cyclops,
+hence a blacksmith generally. Called
+Bronteus (2 <i>syl.</i>), by Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>,
+iv. 5 (1596).</p>
+
+Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand,<br>
+The ponderous hammer falls from Bront&ecirc;s' hand.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;"><i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xx. (Hool's translation).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Bronzely</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a mere rake, whose
+vanity was to be thought &quot;a general seducer.&quot;&mdash;Mrs.
+Inchbald, <i>Wives as they
+Were, and Maids as they Are</i> (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bron&acute;zomarte</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves.
+The word means a &quot;mettlesome sorrel.&quot;&mdash;Smollett, <i>Sir Launcelot Greaves</i>
+(1756).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brook</b> (<i>Master</i>), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff
+makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him every
+item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped Ford by being
+carried out in a buck-basket before his very face.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Merry
+Wives of Windsor</i> (1601).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brooke</b> (<i>Dorothea</i>), calm, queenly heroine of <i>Middlemarch</i>, by
+George Eliot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Broo'ker</b>, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of
+revenge, called him &quot;Smike,&quot; and put him to school at Dotheboy's Hall,
+Yorkshire.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brooks of Sheffield</b>, name by which Murdstone alludes to David
+Copperfield in novel of that name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brother Jon'athan.</b> When Washington was in want of ammunition, he
+called a council of officers; but no practical suggestion being offered,
+he said, &quot;We must consult brother Jonathan,&quot; meaning his excellency
+Jonathan Trumbull, the elder governor of the state of Connecticut. This
+was done, and the difficulty surmounted. &quot;To consult brother Jonathan&quot;
+then became a set phrase, and &quot;Brother Jonathan&quot; became the &quot;John Bull&quot;
+of the United States.&mdash;J. R. Bartlett, <i>Dictionary of Americanisms</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brother Sam</b>, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy
+based on a German drama, by John Oxenford, with additions and
+alterations by E. A. Sothern and T. B. Buckstone.&mdash;Supplied by T. B.
+Buckstone, Esq.</p>
+
+<p><b>Browdie</b> (<i>John</i>), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff,
+brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is much,
+attached to Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda Price, a
+miller's daughter.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brown</b> (<i>Hablot</i>) illustrated some of Dickens's novels and took the
+pseudonym of &quot;Phiz&quot; (1812-).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brown (Jonathan)</i>, landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here Frank
+Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time,
+George I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brown (Mrs.)</i>, the widow of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs.
+Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to
+Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty, her
+only known vocation being to &quot;strip children of their clothes, which she
+sold or pawned.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brown (Mrs.)</i>, a &quot;Mrs. John Bull,&quot; with all the practical sense,
+kind-heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a
+well-to-do but half-educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class. She
+passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about, taking
+with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is not
+English.&mdash;Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose].</p>
+
+<p><i>Brown (Tom)</i>, hero of <i>Tom Brown's School-Days</i> and <i>Tom Brown at
+Oxford</i>, by Thomas Hughes.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brown (Vanbeest)</i>, lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy
+Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brown, Jones, and Robinson</b>, three Englishmen who travel together.
+Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in <i>Punch</i>. In them
+is held up to ridicule the <i>gaucherie</i>, the contracted notions, the
+vulgarity, the conceit, and the general snobbism of the middle-class
+English abroad.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brown of Calaveras</b>, a dissipated blackleg and ne'er-do-weel, whose
+handsome wife, arriving unexpectedly from the East, retrieves his
+fortune and risks his honor by falling in love with another man, a
+brother-gambler.&mdash;Bret Harte, <i>Brown of Calaveras</i> (1871).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brown the Younger</b> (<i>Thomas</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Thomas Moore in
+<i>The Two-Penny Post-Bag</i>, a series of witty and very popular satires on
+the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his boon
+companions. Also in <i>The Fudge Family in Paris</i>, and in <i>The Fudges in
+England</i> (1835).</p>
+
+<p><b>Browne</b> (<i>General</i>), pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for
+the night is the &quot;tapestried chamber,&quot; where he sees the apparition of
+&quot;the lady in the sacque,&quot; and next morning relates his adventure.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Tapestried Chamber</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brownlow</b>, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist
+from his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of
+theft, although appearances were certainly against him, and he even
+takes the boy into his service.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Browns.</b> <i>To astonish the Browns</i>, to do or say something regardless
+of the annoyance it may cause, or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy.
+Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or &quot;country cousins,&quot; who were
+welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, however, was
+quick to see what was <i>gauche</i>, and did not scruple to reprove them for
+uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to &quot;astonish the
+Browns.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Brox&acute;mouth</b> (<i>John</i>), a neighbor of Happer the miller.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bruce</b> (<i>Mr. Robert</i>), mate on a bark trading between Liverpool and
+St. John's, N.B., sees a man writing in the captain's cabin, a stranger
+who disappears after pencilling certain lines on the slate. These prove
+a providential warning by which the vessel escapes certain destruction.
+The story is told by Robert Dale Owen in <i>Footfalls on the Boundary of
+Another World</i>, and vouched for as authentic (1860).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bruce (The)</i>, an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bru&acute;el,</b> the name of the goose in the tale of <i>Reynard the Fox</i>. The
+word means the &quot;Little roarer&quot; (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bru&acute;in,</b> the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the
+Fox</i>. Hence a bear in general.</p>
+
+<p>The word means &quot;the brown one&quot; (1498).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bru&acute;in</i>, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for
+one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for
+valor at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [<i>Joshua Gosling</i>, landlord of
+the bear-gardens at Southwark].&mdash;S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 3.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bruin</i> (<i>Mrs.</i> and <i>Mr.</i>), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob Jollup.
+Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with scant
+courtesy.&mdash;S. Foote, <i>The Mayor of Garratt</i> (1763).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brulgrud'dery</b> (<i>Dennis</i>), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush
+Heath. He calls himself &quot;an Irish gintleman bred and born.&quot; He was
+&quot;brought up to the church,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> to be a church beadle, but lost his
+place for snoring at sermon-time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart,
+and is honest in great matters, although in business he will palm off an
+old cock for a young capon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Brulgruddery</i>, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge,
+former landlord of the Red Cow. Unprincipled, self-willed, ill-tempered,
+and over-reaching. Money is the only thing that moves her, and when she
+has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service to the finest
+point.&mdash;G. Colman, jun., <i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brun'cheval</b> &quot;the Bold,&quot; a paynim knight, who tilted with sir
+Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first
+encounter.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 4 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brunel'o</b>, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole
+Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it. He
+also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he released Roge'ro
+from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says that Agramant
+gave the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting magic.&mdash;Bojardo,
+<i>Orlando Innamorato</i> (1495); and Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I,&quot; says Sancho, &quot;slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had time
+enough to clap four stakes under the four corners of my pannel and to
+lead away the beast from under my legs without waking me.&quot;&mdash;Cervantes,
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 4 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brunetta</b>, mother of Chery (who married his cousin
+Fairstar).&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Fairstar,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brunetta</i>, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis
+procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse
+her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the same
+material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified that she
+went home and died.&mdash;<i>The Spectator</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brunhild,</b> queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her
+who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength: (1)
+hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. G&uuml;nther king of
+Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried
+succeeded in winning the martial queen. <i>First</i>, hurling a spear that
+three men could scarcely lift: the queen hurled it towards G&uuml;nther, but
+Siegfried, in his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing it to
+strike the queen and knock her down. <i>Next</i>, throwing a stone so huge
+that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it: Brunhild lifted it on
+high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again Siegfried
+helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond the stone.
+The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liegemen, &quot;I am no
+longer your queen and mistress; henceforth are ye the liegemen of
+G&uuml;nther&quot; (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so obstreperous that
+the king again applied to Siegfried, who succeeded in depriving her of
+her ring and girdle, after which she became a very submissive
+wife.&mdash;<i>The Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bru&acute;no</b> (<i>Bishop</i>), bishop of Herbipolita&acute;num. Sailing one day on
+the Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel
+(&quot;the devouring-gulf&quot;), near Grinon Castle, in Austria. Here the voice
+of a spirit clamored aloud, &quot;Ho! ho! Bishop Bruno, whither art thou
+travelling? But go thy ways, bishop Bruno, for thou shalt travel with me
+tonight.&quot; At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter fell on
+his head and killed him. Southey has a ballad called <i>Bishop Bruno</i>, but
+it deviates from the original legend given by Heywood in several
+particulars: It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on his way to
+the emperor, who had invited him to dinner; next, at the beginning of
+dinner; and thirdly, when the guests had well feasted. At the last
+warning an ice-cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in the banquet
+hall.</p>
+
+<p><b>Brush</b>, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his
+lordship calls he never hears unless he chooses; if his bell rings he
+never answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to
+all his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids
+he comes into contact with.&mdash;Colman and Garrick, <i>The Clandestine
+Marriage</i> (1766).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brute</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.), the first king of Britain (in mythical history).
+He was the son of &AElig;neas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson
+of &AElig;neas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted
+country) Troynovant (<i>New Troy</i>). The legend is this: An oracle declared
+that Brute should be the death of both his parents; his mother died in
+child-birth, and at the age of fifteen Brute shot his father
+accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he collected
+a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire. His wife was
+Innogen, daughter of Pandra'sus king of Greece. His tale is told at
+length in the <i>Chronicles</i> of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the first song of
+Drayton's <i>Polyolbion</i>, and in Spenser's <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brute (Sir John)</i>, a coarse, surly, ill-mannered brute, whose delight
+was to &quot;provoke&quot; his young wife, who he tells us &quot;is a young lady, a
+fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her.&quot; In a
+drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to lady
+Brute; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a street
+row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his name, he
+gives it as &quot;lady John Brute,&quot; and is dismissed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Brute</i>, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers indignities,
+and insulted morn, noon, and night by her surly, drunken husband. Lady
+Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover; but her intrigues are
+more mischievous than vicious.&mdash;Vanbrugh, <i>The Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brute Green-Shield,</b> the successor of
+Ebranc king of Britain. The mythical line
+is: (1) Brute, great-great-grandson of
+&AElig;neas; (2) Locrin, his son; (3) Guendolen,
+the widow of Locrin; (4) Ebranc; (5) Brute
+Green-Shield. Then follow in order Leil,
+Hudibras, Bladud, Leir [Shakespeare's
+&quot;Lear&quot;], etc.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">... of her courageous kings,</span><br>
+Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute<br>
+Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror, Brute.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Brutus</b> (<i>Lucius Junius</i>), first consul of
+Rome, who condemned his own two sons
+to death for joining a conspiracy to restore
+Tarquin to the throne, from which he had
+been banished. This subject has been
+dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H.
+Payne, under the title of <i>Brutus, or the</i>
+<i>Fall of Tarquin</i> (1820). Alfieri has an
+Italian tragedy on the same subject. In
+French we have the tragedies of Arnault
+(1792) and Ponsard (1843). (See LUCRETIA.)</p>
+
+<p>The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow
+theatre for his son's benefit. The play chosen was Payne's <i>Brutus</i>, in
+which the father took the part of &quot;Brutus&quot; and Charles Kean that of
+&quot;Titus.&quot; The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic
+interview, till &quot;Brutus&quot; falls on the neck of &quot;Titus,&quot; exclaiming in a
+burst of agony, &quot;Embrace thy wretched father!&quot; when the whole house
+broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispered in his
+son's ear, &quot;Charlie, we are doing the trick.&quot;&mdash;W. C. Russell,
+<i>Representative Actors</i>, p. 476.</p>
+
+<p><i>Junius Brutus</i>. So James Lynch Fitz-Stephen has been called, because
+(like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for
+murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be executed from the
+window of his own house in Galway (1493).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Spanish Brutus</i>, Alfonso Perez de Gruzman, governor of Tarifa in
+1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted
+against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his
+power threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman
+replied, &quot;Sooner than be guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a
+dagger to slay my son;&quot; and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall.
+Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man there
+and then (1258-1309).</p>
+
+<p><i>Brutus (Marcus)</i>, said to be the son of Julius C&aelig;sar by Servilia.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Brutus' bastard hand</span><br>
+Stabb'd Julius C&aelig;sar.<br>
+Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI</i>. act iv. sc. 1 (1591).<br>
+
+<p>This Brutus is introduced by Shakespeare in his tragedy of <i>Julius
+C&aelig;sar</i>, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot.
+He loved C&aelig;sar much, but he loved Rome more.</p>
+
+<p><i>Brutus. Et tu, Brute</i>. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius, puts
+these words into the mouth of C&aelig;sar when Brutus stabbed him.
+Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probably he had seen <i>The
+True Tragedy of Richard duke of York</i> (1600), where these words occur;
+but even before that date H. Stephens had said:</p>
+
+<p>Jule Cesar, quand il vit que Brutus aussi estoit de ceux qui luy tirient
+des coups d'espee, luy dit, <i>Kai sy tecnon</i>? c'est &agrave; dire.... Et toy mon
+fils, en es tu aussi.&mdash;<i>Deux Dial. du Noveau Lang. Franc</i> (1583).</p>
+
+<p><b>Brutus and Cicero.</b> Cicero says: [Latin: &quot;C&aelig;sare interfecto, statim,
+cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem <i>Ciceronem</i> nominatim
+exclamavit, atque ei recuperatam libertatem est
+gratulatus.&quot;]&mdash;<i>Philipp</i>. ii. 12.</p>
+
+<p>When Brutus rose, Refulgent from the stroke of C&aelig;sar's fate,...
+[<i>he</i>] called aloud On Tully's name, and shook his crimson steel, And
+bade the &quot;father of his country&quot; hail.</p>
+
+<p>Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bry'done</b> (<i>Elspeth</i>), or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning,
+of the Tower of Glendearg.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bubas'tis</b>, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter
+of Isis and sister of Horus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bubenburg</b> (<i>Sir Adrian de</i>), a veteran knight of Berne.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bucca</b>, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the
+ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell shipwreck.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bucen'taur</b>, the Venetian state galley used by the doge when he went
+&quot;to wed the Adriatic.&quot; In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man
+and half ox.</p>
+
+<p><b>Buceph'alos</b> (&quot;<i>bull-headed</i>&quot;), the name of Alexander's horse, which
+cost &pound;3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was thirty years
+old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its memory.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Persian Bucephalos</i>, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes
+Parviz.</p>
+
+<p><b>Buck Cheever</b>, mountaineer and &quot;moonshiner&quot; in Charles Egbert
+Craddock's <i>In the Stranger People's Country</i>.</p>
+
+<p>He had been a brave soldier, although the flavor of bushwhacking clung
+to his war record; he was a fast friend and a generous foe; what one
+hand got by hook or by crook&mdash;chiefly, it is to be feared, by crook&mdash;the
+other made haste to give away (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buck Fanshawe</b>, a popular Californian in the days when Lynch Law was
+in vogue in mining districts. He dies, and his partner seeks a clergyman
+to arrange for the funeral, which &quot;the fellows&quot; have determined shall be
+the finest ever held in the region. The divine questions in his
+professional vein and the miner answers in <i>his</i>, each sorely puzzled to
+interpret the meaning of his companion.</p>
+
+&quot;Was he a&mdash;ah&mdash;peaceable man?&quot;<br>
+<br>
+&quot;Peaceable! he jest <i>would</i> have peace, ef he<br>
+had to lick every darned galoot in the valley to<br>
+git it.&quot;&mdash;Mark Twain, <i>Buck Fanshawe's Funeral</i>,<br>
+(1872).<br>
+
+<p><b>Buck Grangerford</b>, a spirited son of the Grangerford clan, who pays
+with his life for fealty to family and feud.&mdash;Mark Twain [Samuel
+Langhorne Clemens], <i>Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</i> (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buck'et</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a shrewd detective officer who cleverly discovers
+that Hortense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the murderer
+of Mr. Tulkinghorn, and not lady Dedlock, who was charged with the deed
+by Hortense.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buckingham</b> (<i>George Villiers, duke of</i>). There were two dukes of
+this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and
+political unscrupulousness. The first (1592-1628) was the favorite of
+James I., nicknamed &quot;Steenie&quot; by that monarch from his personal beauty,
+&quot;Steenie&quot; being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at martyrdom was
+&quot;as the face of an angel.&quot; He was assassinated by Fenton. Sir Walter
+Scott introduces him in <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>, and his son in <i>Peveril
+of the Peak</i>. The son (1627-1688) also appears under the name of &quot;Zimri&quot;
+(q.v.) in Dryden's <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>. He was the author of <i>The
+Rehearsal</i>, a drama upon which Sheridan founded his <i>Critic</i>, and of
+other works, but is principally remembered as the profligate favorite of
+Charles II. He was a member of the famous &quot;CABAL&quot; (q.v.), and closed a
+career of great splendor and wickedness in the most abject poverty.</p>
+
+<p><i>Buckingham</i> (<i>Henry de Stafford, duke of</i>) was a favorite of Richard
+III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and was
+beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the realms of
+Pluto, and whose &quot;complaynt&quot; is given in the prologue to <i>A Mirrour for
+Magistraytes</i> (1587). He also appears in Shakespeare's <i>Richard III.</i>
+His son in <i>Henry VIII.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Buckingham</i> (<i>Mary duchess of</i>), introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril
+of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bucklaw</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name
+was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain; but
+her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniary views, promises her in
+marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles Edgar
+suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their
+love-tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird; but on the wedding night
+the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal chamber, and
+the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies in convulsions,
+but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Bride of
+Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buckthorne</b>, a conspicuous figure in <i>Tales of a Traveller</i>, by
+Washington Irving. He is gentleman student, dancing buffoon, lover,
+poet, and author by turns, and nothing long unless it be a royally good
+fellow (1824).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buffoon</b> (<i>The Pulpit</i>). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale
+(1599-1660).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bug Jargal</b>, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but
+tempering the wildest passion with the deepest respect.&mdash;Victor Hugo,
+<i>Bug Jargal</i> (a novel).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bulbul</b>, an Oriental name for a nightingale. When, in <i>The Princess</i>
+(by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two
+friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was
+admitted, he sings; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to him,
+&quot;Not for thee, O bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her veil,&quot;
+i.e., &quot;O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken in by such
+a flimsy deceit.&quot; The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan means the
+&quot;garden of roses.&quot; The prince was the bulbul, the college was Gulistan,
+and the princess the rose sought.&mdash;Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iv.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bulbul-He'zar</b>, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all
+the song-birds in the neighborhood. (See TALKING BIRD.)&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;The Two Sisters,&quot; the last story).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bulis</b>, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a
+criminal love for Timandra, the mother of Neoph'ron, and Neophron was
+guilty of a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and
+Neophron into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a
+sparrow-hawk.&mdash;<i>Classic Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bull</b> (<i>John</i>), the English nation personified, and hence any
+typical Englishman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bull</i>, queen Anne, &quot;very apt to be choleric.&quot; On hearing that
+Philip Baboon (<i>Philippe duc d'Anjou</i>) was to succeed to lord Strutt's
+estates (<i>i.e. the Spanish throne</i>), she said to John Bull:</p>
+
+&quot;You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns,<br>
+spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or<br>
+puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous<br>
+family. Don't you hear how lord Strutt<br>
+[<i>the king of Spain</i>] has bespoke his liveries at<br>
+Lewis Baboon's shop [<i>France</i>]?... Fie upon it!<br>
+Up, man!... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so<br>
+used.&quot;&mdash;Chap. iv.<br>
+
+<p><i>John Bull's Mother</i>, the Church of England.</p>
+
+<p><i>John Bull's Sister Peg</i>, the Scotch, in love with Jack (<i>Calvin</i>).</p>
+
+John had a sister, a poor girl that had been<br>
+reared ... on oatmeal and water ... and lodged<br>
+in a garret exposed to the north wind.... However,<br>
+this usage ... gave her a hardy constitution....<br>
+Peg had, indeed, some odd humors and<br>
+comical antipathies,... she would faint at the<br>
+sound of an organ, and yet dance and frisk at<br>
+the noise of a bagpipe.&mdash;Dr. Arbuthnot, <i>History<br>
+of John Bull</i>, ii. 2 (1712).<br>
+
+<p><b>Bullamy</b>, porter of the &quot;Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life
+Insurance Company.&quot; An imposing personage, whose dignity resided chiefly
+in the great expanse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and
+well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin
+Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bullcalf</b> (<i>Peter</i>), of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in
+the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph &quot;four Harry
+ten-shillings in French crowns&quot; if he would stand his friend, and when
+sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, &quot;I will have none of
+you.&quot; Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, &quot;Will you
+tell me, master Shallow, how to choose a man? Care I for the limb, the
+thews, the stature?... Give me the spirit, master
+Shallow.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act iii. sc. 2 (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bull-dogs,</b> the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him
+in his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating
+the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner
+without cap and gown, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bullet-head</b> (<i>The Great</i>), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouans
+(1769-1804).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bull&acute;segg</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), laird of Killancureit, a friend of the baron of
+Bradwardine.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bulmer</b> (<i>Valentine</i>), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara
+Mowbray.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Ann Bulmer</i>, mother of Valentine, married to the earl of
+Etherington during the life-time of his countess; hence his wife in
+bigamy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bum&acute;ble,</b> beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born and
+brought up. A stout, consequential, hard-hearted, fussy official, with
+mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the
+language the word <i>bumbledom</i>, the officious arrogance and bumptious
+conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage the
+high-and-mighty beadle was sadly henpecked and reduced to a Jerry
+Sneak.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bum'kinet</b>, a shepherd. He proposes to Grub'binol that they should
+repair to a certain hut and sing &quot;Gillian of Croydon,&quot; &quot;Patient
+Grissel,&quot; &quot;Cast away Care,&quot; &quot;Over the Hills,&quot; and so on; but being told
+that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins him.</p>
+
+Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain,<br>
+Till bonny Susan sped across the plain;<br>
+They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed,<br>
+And to the ale-house forced the willing maid;<br>
+In ale and kisses they forgot their cares,<br>
+And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs.<br>
+
+<p>Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, v. (1714).</p>
+
+<p>(An imitation of Virgil's <i>Ecl</i>. v. &quot;Daphnis.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Bumper</b> (<i>Sir Harry</i>), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He
+sings the popular song, beginning&mdash;</p>
+
+Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen,<br>
+Here's to the widow of fifty, etc.<br>
+
+<p>Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bumppo</b> (<i>Natty</i>), the Leather Stocking of Cooper's <i>Pioneers</i>;
+Hawk-Eye of <i>The Last of the Mohicans</i>; the Deer Slayer and the
+Pathfinder of the novels of those names; and the trapper of <i>The
+Prairie</i>, in which his death is recorded. A white man who has lived so
+long with Indians as to surpass them in skill and cunning, retains
+native nobility of character, and in his countenance &quot;an open honesty
+and total absence of guile&quot; that inspires trust.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bunce</b> (<i>Jack</i>), <i>alias</i> Frederick Altamont, a <i>ci-devant</i> actor,
+one of the crew of the pirate vessel.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time,
+William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bunch</b> (<i>Mother</i>), an alewife, mentioned by Dekker in his drama
+called <i>Satiromastix</i> (1602). In 1604 was published <i>Pasquil's Jests,
+mixed with Mother Bunch's Merriments</i>.</p>
+
+<p>There is a series of &quot;Fairy Tales&quot; called <i>Mother Bunch's Fairy Tales</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bunch (Mother)</i>, the supposed possessor of a &quot;cabinet broken open&quot; and
+revealing &quot;rare secrets of Art and Nature,&quot; such as love-spells (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bun'cle</b>, messenger to the earl of Douglas.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair
+Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bun'cle (John)</i>, a prodigious hand at matrimony, divinity, a song, and
+a glass. He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of their
+age. For two or three days after the death of a wife he was
+inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired by
+marrying again.&mdash;Thos. Amory, <i>The Life, etc., of John Buncle, Esq.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Bundle</b>, the gardener, father of Wilelmi'na and friend of Tom Tug
+the waterman. He is a plain, honest man, but greatly in awe of his wife,
+who nags him from morning till night.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bundle</i>, a vulgar Mrs. Malaprop, and a termagant. &quot;Everything must
+be her way or there's no getting any peace.&quot; She greatly frequents the
+minor theatres, and acquires notions of sentimental romance.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bun'gay</b> (<i>Friar</i>), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green,
+entitled <i>Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay</i>. Both the friars are conjurors,
+and the piece concludes with one of their pupils being carried off to
+the infernal regions on the back of one of friar Bacon's demons (1591).</p>
+
+<p><i>Bungay</i>, publisher in <i>History of Pendennis</i>, by W.M. Thackeray.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bungey</b> (<i>Friar</i>), personification of the charlatan of science in
+the fifteenth century.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In <i>The Last of the Barons</i>, by lord Lytton, friar Bungey
+is an historical character, and is said to have &quot;raised mists and
+vapors,&quot; which befriended Edward IV, at the battle of Barnet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Buns'by</b> (<i>Captain John</i> or <i>Jade</i>), owner of the <i>Cautious Clara</i>.
+Captain Cuttle considered him &quot;a philosopher, and quite an oracle.&quot;
+Captain Bunsby had one &quot;stationary and one revolving eye,&quot; a very red
+face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs.
+MacStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into
+marrying her.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bunting</b>, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his
+dress.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bur</b> (<i>John</i>), the servant of Job Thornberry, the brazier of
+Penzance. Brusque in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his
+master, by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his
+master's &quot;books&quot; for twenty-two years with the utmost fidelity.&mdash;G.R.
+Colman, Jun., <i>John Bull</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bur'bon</b> (<i>i.e. Henri IV. of France</i>). He is betrothed to Fordelis
+<i>(France)</i>, who has been enticed from him by Grantorto (<i>rebellion</i>).
+Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried off by
+&quot;hell-rake hounds.&quot; The rabble batter Burbon's shield (<i>protestantism</i>),
+and compel him to throw it away. Sir Ar&acute;tegal (<i>right</i> or <i>justice</i>)
+rescues the &quot;recreant knight&quot; from the mob, but blames him for his
+unknightly folly in throwing away his shield (of faith). Talus (<i>the
+executive</i>) beats off the hellhounds, gets possession of the lady, and
+though she flouts Burbon, he catches her up upon his steed and rides off
+with her.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 2 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Burchell</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), <i>alias</i> sir William Thornhill, about thirty years
+of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield, loses &pound;1400, Mr.
+Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor
+offers him his purse. He turns his back on the two flash ladies who
+talked of their high-life doings, and cried &quot;Fudge!&quot; after all their
+boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescues Sophia Primrose, and
+ultimately marries her.&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i> (1765).</p>
+
+<p><b>Burgundy</b> (<i>Charles the Bold, duke of</i>) introduced by sir W. Scott
+in <i>Quentin Durward</i> and in <i>Anne of Geierstein</i>. The latter novel
+contains the duke's defeat at Nancy&acute;, and his death (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bu&acute;ridan's Ass.</b> A man of indecision is so called from the
+hypothetical ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Buridan maintained that
+&quot;if an ass could be placed between two hay-stacks in such a way that its
+choice was evenly balanced between them, it would starve to death, for
+there would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the
+other.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Burleigh</b> (<i>William Cecil, lord</i>), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth
+(1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his historical novel called
+<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p>He is one the principal characters in <i>The Earl of Essex</i>, a tragedy by
+Henry Jones (1745).</p>
+
+<p><i>Burleigh (Lord)</i>, a parliamentary leader in <i>The Legend of Montrose</i>, a
+novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>A lord Burleigh shake of the head</i>, a great deal meant by a look or
+movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of the
+&quot;Spanish Armada,&quot; introduces lord Burleigh, &quot;who has the affairs of the
+whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk;&quot; but his lordship
+comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far more than
+words could utter. Puff says:</p>
+
+Why, by that shake of the head he gave you<br>
+to understand that even though they had more<br>
+justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures,<br>
+yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown<br>
+on the part of the people, the country would at<br>
+last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the<br>
+Spanish monarchy.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Sneer</i>. Did he mean all that by shaking his<br>
+head?<br>
+<br>
+<i>Puff</i>. Every word of it.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The Critic</i>,<br>
+ii. 1 (1779).<br>
+
+<p>The original &quot;lord Burleigh&quot; was Irish Moody
+(1728-1813).&mdash;<i>Cornhill Magazine</i> (1867).</p>
+
+<p><b>Burlesque Poetry</b> (<i>Father of</i>), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Burlong</b>, a giant whose legs sir Try'amour cut off.&mdash;<i>Romance of Sir
+Tryamour</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Burnbill</b>, Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin and lord justice
+of Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently
+<i>burnt</i> all the &quot;bills&quot; or instruments by which the tenants of the
+archbishopric held their estates.</p>
+
+<p><b>Burns of France</b> (<i>The</i>), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis
+Philippe presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of
+Orl&eacute;ans an emerald ring.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bur'ris</b>, an honest lord, favorite of the great-duke of
+Muscovia.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Loyal Subject</i> (1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>Burroughs</b> (<i>George</i>), a Salem citizen whose trial for witchcraft is
+recorded by Rev. Cotton Mather. The counts are many, and in the opinion
+of the court are proven, George Burroughs being condemned to die. In the
+story of his crimes set down by Dr. Mather, the climax would seem to be
+a paper handed by the accused to the jury, &quot;wherein he goes to evince
+'That there neither are, nor ever were, witches that, having made a
+compact with the devil, can send a devil to torment other people at a
+distance.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;When he came to die, he utterly denied the fact whereof he had been
+convicted.&quot;&mdash;Cotton Mather, <i>The Wonders of the Invisible World</i>
+(1693).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bu'sirane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist
+to a brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic
+characters with the dropping blood, &quot;all for to make her love him.&quot; When
+Brit'omart approached, the enchanter started up, and, running to Amoret,
+was about to plunge a knife into her heart; but Britomart intercepted
+the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him to &quot;reverse his
+charms,&quot; and then bound him fast with his own chain.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, iii. 11, 12 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Busi'ris</b>, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long
+drought of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were
+mollified by human sacrifice. &quot;So be it,&quot; said the king, and ordered the
+man himself to be offered as the victim.&mdash;<i>Herod</i>, ii. 59-61.</p>
+
+'Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry;<br>
+Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply.<br>
+<br>
+A foreigner at length informed the king<br>
+That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring.<br>
+The king replied, &quot;On thee the lot shall fall;<br>
+Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><i>Busi'ris</i>, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red Sea.</p>
+
+Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew<br>
+Busiris and his Memphian chivalry.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 306 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bus'ne</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to
+their race.</p>
+
+<p>The gold of the Busn&ecirc;; give me her gold. Longfellow, <i>The Spanish
+Student</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Busqueue</b> (<i>Lord</i>), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit
+known as &quot;lord Busqueue <i>v.</i> lord Suckfist,&quot; in which the parties
+concerned pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and
+spoke so learnedly and at such length, that no one understood one word
+about the matter; then lord Suckfist replied, and the bench declared &quot;We
+have not understood one iota of the defence.&quot; Pantag'ruel, however, gave
+judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had got the
+verdict, both were fully satisfied, &quot;a thing without parallel in all the
+annals of the court.&quot;&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Busy Body</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis
+Gripe (guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles), a man
+sixty-five years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her
+money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of
+twenty-four. She pretends to love &quot;Gardy,&quot; and dupes him into yielding
+up her money, and giving his consent to her marriage with &quot;the man of
+her choice,&quot; believing himself to be the person. Charles is in love with
+Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up his mind
+that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto, expected to
+arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume, passes himself
+off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of his choice; so
+both the old men are duped, and all the young people wed according to
+their wishes.</p>
+
+<p><b>Butcher</b> (<i>The</i>), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of
+his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napoleon I.</p>
+
+<p>John ninth lord Clifford, called &quot;The Black Clifford&quot; (died 1461).</p>
+
+<p>Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407).</p>
+
+<p><i>Butcher (The Bloody</i>), the duke of Cumberland, second son of Gleorge
+II.; so called for his great barbarities in suppressing the rebellion of
+Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765).</p>
+
+<p><b>Butcher of England,</b> John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great
+learning and a patron of learning (died 1470).</p>
+
+<p>On one occasion in the reign of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a squire
+to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be impaled.
+&mdash;Stow, <i>Warkworth Chronicle</i> (&quot;Cont. Croyl.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man impaled forty
+Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children
+of the Irish chief Desmond, and acquired the nickname of &quot;The Butcher of
+England.&quot;&mdash;<i>Old and New London</i>, ii. 21.</p>
+
+<p><b>Butler</b> (<i>Reuben</i>), a presbyterian minister, married to Jeanie
+Deans.</p>
+
+<p><i>Benjamin Butler</i>, father of Reuben.</p>
+
+<p><i>Stephen Butler</i>, generally called &quot;Bible Butler,&quot; grandfather of Reuben
+and father of Benjamin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Widow Judith Butler</i>, Reuben's grandmother and Stephen's wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Euphemia</i> or <i>Femie Butler</i>, Reuben's daughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>David</i> and <i>Reuben Butler</i>, Reuben's sons.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of
+Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Butler (The Rev. Mr.)</i>, military chaplain at Madras.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buttercup</b> (<i>John</i>), a milkman.&mdash;W. Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock
+Frock</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Buttercup (Little</i>), Bumboat woman, who in her youth, took to
+baby-farming, and &quot;mixed those babies up,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> Ralph Rackstraw and
+the Captain of the <i>Pinafore</i>.&mdash;W.S. Gilbert, <i>Pinafore</i> (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buxo&acute;ma,</b> a shepherdess with whom
+Cuddy is in love.</p>
+
+My Brown Buxoma is the featest maid<br>
+That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played ...<br>
+And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray,<br>
+Dance like Buxoma on the first of May.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Buz&acute;fuz</b> (<i>Sergeant</i>), the pleader retained by Dodson and Fogg for
+the plaintiff in the celebrated case of &quot;Bardell <i>v.</i> Pickwick.&quot;
+Sergeant Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved
+that Mr. Pickwick's note about &quot;chops and tomato sauce&quot; was a
+declaration of love; and that his reminder &quot;not to forget the
+warming-pan&quot; was only a flimsy cover to express the ardor of his
+affection. Of course the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened
+jury. (His junior was Skimpin.)&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i>
+(1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Buz'zard</b> (<i>The</i>), in <i>The Hind and the Panther</i>, by Dryden (pt.
+iii.), is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty
+(1643-1715).</p>
+
+<p><b>Bycorn</b>, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but
+this is no wonder, for its food was &quot;good and enduring husbands,&quot; of
+which there is good store, (See CHICHI-VACHE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Byron</b> (<i>Miss Harriet</i>), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high
+rank, devotedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she
+marries.&mdash;Richardson, <i>Sir Charles Grandison</i> (1753).</p>
+
+<p><i>Byron (The Polish)</i>, Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855).</p>
+
+<p><i>Byron (The Russian</i>), Alexander Sergeivitch Puschkin (1799-1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Byron and Mary.</b> The Mary of Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both
+Miss Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth
+married John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Anna Isabella
+Milbanke: both were equally unhappy.</p>
+
+I have a passion for the name of &quot;Mary,&quot;<br>
+For once it was a magic name to me.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 4 (1820).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Byron and Teresa Guiccioli.</b> This lady was the wife of count
+Guiccioli, an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron &quot;never loved
+but once, till he loved Teresa.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Byron and the Edinburgh Review.</b> It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who
+wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">(in <i>Notes and Queries</i>), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker.</p>
+
+<p><b>
+<img border="0" src="images/letterC.jpg" width="181" height="168" align="left"alt="letterc.jpg"></b></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b>acafo'go</b>, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a
+coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every
+one.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i> (1640).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cacur'gus</b>, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is a
+rustic simpleton and cunning mischief-maker.&mdash;Thomas Rychardes,
+<i>Misogonus</i> (the third English comedy, 1560).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'cus</b>, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 <i>syl</i>.).
+When Hercul&ecirc;s came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from
+Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the animals
+by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they had come
+<i>out</i> of it.</p>
+
+<p>If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were introduced by him
+on purpose to confuse like Caeus, the traces of his retreat.&mdash;<i>Encyc.
+Brit</i>. Art. &quot;Romance.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cad</b>, a low-born, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier
+of a sedan-chair.</p>
+
+<p>All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan-chairs were
+discontinued, the old cadies sank into ruinous poverty, and became
+synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James Hannay,
+who frequently used it.&mdash;M. Pringle.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cade</b> (<i>Jack</i>), Irish insurgent in reign of Henry VII. Assuming the
+name of Mortimer, he led a company of rebels from Kent, defeated the
+king's army, and entered London. His short-lived triumph was ended by
+his death at Lewes. He appears in <i>Henry VI.</i> by Shakespeare.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cade&acute;nus</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>) dean Swift. The word is simply <i>de-ca-nus</i>
+(&quot;a dean&quot;), with the first two syllables transposed (<i>ca-de-nus</i>).
+Vanessa is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with
+Swift, and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem
+entitled <i>Cadenus and Vanessa</i> [<i>i.e.</i> Van-Esther].</p>
+
+<p><b>Caduceus</b> meant generally a herald's staff; as an emblem of a
+peaceful errand it was made of a branch of olive-wood with the twigs,
+which, later, were transformed to serpents. In this form it is
+associated with Mercury, the herald and messenger of the gods&mdash;that
+&quot;beautiful golden rod with which he both puts men to sleep and wakens
+them from slumber.&quot; Homer, <i>Odyssey</i>, xxiv.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cadur&acute;ci,</b> the people of Aquita&acute;nia.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cad&acute;wal.</b> Arvir&acute;agus, son of Cym&acute;beline, was so called while he
+lived in the woods with Bela&acute;rius, who called himself Morgan, and whom
+Cadwal supposed to be his father.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cadwallader</b>, called by Bede (1 <i>syl.</i>)
+Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king of Wales.
+Being compelled by pestilence and famine
+to leave Britain, he went to Armorica.
+After the plague ceased he went to Rome,
+where, in 689, he was baptized, and received
+the name of Peter, but died very soon afterwards.</p>
+
+Cadwallader that drave [<i>sailed</i>] to the Armoric shore.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ix. (1612).</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Cadwallader</i>, the misanthrope in Smollett's
+<i>Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cadwallader</i> (<i>Mrs</i>.), character in <i>Middle-march</i>, by George Eliot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cadwall'on,</b> son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son
+accompanied prince Madoc to North America in the twelfth
+century.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cadwal'lon</i>, the favorite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the
+service of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of
+Renault Vidal.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>C&aelig;'cias,</b> the north-west wind. Argest&ecirc;s is the north-east, and
+Bo'reas the full north.</p>
+
+Boreas and C&aelig;cias and Argestes loud<br>
+...rend the woods, and seas upturn.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 699, etc. (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>C&aelig;lesti'na</b>, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir
+Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her
+father, to save her honor, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison, but
+in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the bride
+recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her husband.&mdash;Th.
+Dekker, <i>Satiromastix</i> (1602).</p>
+
+<p><b>C&aelig;'neus</b> [<i>Se.nuce</i>] was born of the female sex, and was originally
+called C&aelig;nis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one
+day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex,
+converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather <i>him</i>) the gift of
+being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ith&aelig;, Ceneus offended
+Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth
+converted into a yellow bird. &AElig;neas found Ceneus in the infernal regions
+restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir John Davies:</p>
+
+And how was Caeneus made at first a man,<br>
+And then a woman, then a man again.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Orchestra, etc</i>. (1615).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>C&aelig;sar</b> (<i>Caius Julius</i>).</p>
+
+Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dictate<br>
+Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs....<br>
+Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village<br>
+Than be second in Rome; and I think he was right when he said it.<br>
+Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after;<br>
+Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered;<br>
+But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Longfellow, <i>Courtship of Miles Standish</i>, ii.</span><br>
+
+<p>Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that C&aelig;sar &quot;could
+employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to read,
+his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate.&quot; He is said to have
+conquered three hundred nations; to have taken eight hundred cities, to
+have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated three millions.
+(See below, C&AElig;SAR'S WARS.)</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar and his Fortune</i>. Plutarch says that C&aelig;sar told the captain of
+the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for
+that he had &quot;C&aelig;sar and his fortune with him.&quot;</p>
+
+Now am I like that proud insulting ship,<br>
+Which C&aelig;sar and his fortune bare at once.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry VI.</i> act i. sc. 2 (1589).</span><br>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar saves his Commentaries</i>. Once, when Julius C&aelig;sar was in danger
+of being upset into the sea by the overloading of a boat, he swam to the
+nearest ship, with his book of <i>Commentaries</i> in his hand.&mdash;Suetonius.</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar's Death</i>. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius C&aelig;sar
+was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, &quot;I did enact
+Julius C&aelig;sar; I was killed i' the capitol&quot; (<i>Hamlet</i>, act iii. sc. 2).
+And Chaucer says:</p>
+
+This Julius to the capitol&ecirc; wente ...<br>
+And in the capitole anon him hente<br>
+This fals&ecirc; Brutus, and his other soon,<br>
+And sticked him with bod&euml;kins anon.<br>
+
+<p><i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;The Monk's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p>Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza;
+and in <i>Julius C&aelig;sar</i> Shakespeare says he fell &quot;e'en at the base of
+Pompey's statue&quot; (act iii. sc. 2).</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar's Famous Despatch</i>, &quot;Veni, vidi, vici,&quot; written to the senate to
+announce his overthrow of Pharnac&ecirc;s king of Pontus. This &quot;hop, skip, and
+a jump&quot; was, however, the work of three days.</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar's Wars</i>. The carnage occasioned by the wars of C&aelig;sar is usually
+estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought 500
+battles. See above, C&AElig;SAR (<i>Caius Julius</i>).</p>
+
+What millions died that C&aelig;sar might be great!<br>
+
+<p>Campbell. <i>The Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii. (1799).</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar</i>, the Mephistoph'el&ecirc;s of Byron's unfinished drama called <i>The
+Deformed Transformed</i>. This C&aelig;sar changes Arnold (the hunchback) into
+the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the deformity and ugliness
+which Arnold casts off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be said
+is that C&aelig;sar, in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitterness of
+spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistophel&ecirc;s
+(1821).</p>
+
+<p><i>C&aelig;sar (Don)</i>, an old man of sixty-three, the father of Olivia. In
+order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a girl
+of sixteen.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>A Bold Stroke for a Husband</i> (1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cael</b>, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had
+colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the
+Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The two
+colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the Fir-bolg
+(or &quot;lord of Atha&quot;), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the king of
+Ulster (<i>i.e.</i> &quot;chief of the Cael&quot;), and a general war ensued between
+the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity, sent to
+Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over Con'ar,
+who was chosen &quot;king of the Cael&quot; immediately he landed in Ulster; and
+having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the title of &quot;king
+of Ireland.&quot; The Fir-bolg, though conquered, often rose in rebellion,
+and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but never succeeded in
+so doing.&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cages for Men.</b> Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthen&ecirc;s
+chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him divine
+honors.</p>
+
+<p>Catherine II. of Eussia kept her perruquier for more than three years in
+an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that she
+wore a wig.&mdash;Mons. de Masson, <i>M&eacute;moires Secrets sur la Russie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing
+the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on one
+of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed to the
+rigor of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the sisters of
+Bruce was similarly dealt with.</p>
+
+<p>Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for ten
+years in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [<i>Losh</i>].</p>
+
+<p>Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him a
+public show. So says D'Herbelot.</p>
+
+An iron cage was made by Timour's command,<br>
+composed on every side of iron gratings, through<br>
+which the captive sultan [Bajazet] could be seen<br>
+in any direction. He travelled in this den slung<br>
+between two horses.&mdash;Leunclavius.<br>
+
+<p><b>Caglios&acute;tro</b> (<i>Count de</i>), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo
+(1743-1795).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cain and Abel</b> are called in the <i>Kor&acirc;n</i> &quot;K&acirc;bil and H&acirc;bil.&quot; The
+tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel to
+marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more
+beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered &quot;No&quot;
+by rejecting Cain's sacrifice.</p>
+
+<p>The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead body
+of Abel till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to bury a dead
+bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under ground.&mdash;Sale's
+<i>Koran</i>, v. (notes).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cair&acute;bar</b>, son of Borbar-Duthul, &quot;lord of Atha&quot; (Connaught), the
+most potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against
+Cormac &quot;king of Ireland,&quot; murdered him (<i>Temora</i>, i.), and usurped the
+throne; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to Ireland
+with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar invited Oscar
+(Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the invitation, but
+Cairbar having provoked a quarrel with his guest, the two fought, and
+both were slain.</p>
+
+&quot;Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark<br>
+and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble</span><br>
+hand in fight. The light of my bosom is stained<br>
+by thy deeds.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, i.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cair&acute;bre</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), sometimes called Cair&acute;bar, third king of
+Ireland, of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cairbar, &quot;lord of
+Atha,&quot; a Fir-bolg, quite a different person.)</p>
+
+<p>The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first &quot;king of Ireland;&quot; (2)
+Cormac I., his son; (3) Cairbre, his son; (4) Artho, his son; (5) Cormac
+II., his son; (6) Ferad-Artho, his cousin.&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cai&acute;us</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he
+attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Re&acute;gan refused to entertain
+their aged father with his suite.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cai&acute;us</i> (<i>Dr.</i>), a French physician, whose
+servants are Rugby and Mrs. Quickly.&mdash;
+Shakespeare, <i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>
+(1601).</p>
+
+The clipped English of Dr. Cains.&mdash;Macau lay.<br>
+
+<p><b>Calandri&acute;no,</b> a character in the <i>Decameron</i>, whose &quot;misfortunes
+have made all Europe merry for four centuries.&quot;&mdash;Boccaccio, <i>Decameron</i>,
+viii. 9 (1350).</p>
+
+<p><b>Calan&acute;tha,</b> princess of Sparta, loved by Ith&acute;ocl&ecirc;s. Ithocl&ecirc;s induces
+his sister, Penthe&acute;a, to break the matter to the princess. This she
+does; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents to
+the union. During a grand court ceremony Calantha is informed of the
+sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea had
+starved herself to death from hatred to Bass&acute;an&ecirc;s, and a third follows
+to tell her that Ithocl&ecirc;s, her betrothed husband, has been murdered.
+Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the dance even to
+the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is the ceremony over
+than she can support the strain no longer, and, broken-hearted, she
+falls dead.&mdash;John Ford, <i>The Broken Heart</i> (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Calan'the</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the
+Syracusian.&mdash;J. Banim, <i>Damon and Pythias</i> (1825).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cal'culator</b> (<i>The</i>). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called
+(died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also
+called &quot;The Calculator&quot; (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn, and a
+girl named Heywood (whose father was a Mile End weaver) all exhibited
+their calculating powers in public.</p>
+
+<p>Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by
+Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cal'deron</b> (<i>Don Pedro</i>), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681).
+At the age of fifty-two he became an ecclesiastic, and composed
+religious poetry only. Altogether he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces.</p>
+
+Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart<br>
+All Cal'deron and greater part of Lop&eacute;.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 11 (1819).</span><br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">&quot;Lope,&quot; that is Lop&ecirc; de Vega, the Spanish poet (1562-1635).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caleb</b>, the enchantress who carried off St. George in infancy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ca'leb</i>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, is meant for
+lord Grey of Wark, in Northumberland, an adherent of the duke of
+Monmouth.</p>
+
+And, therefore, in the name of dulness be<br>
+The well-hung Balaam and cold Caleb free.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part i.</span><br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">&quot;Balaam&quot; is the earl of Huntingdon.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'led</b>, commander-in-chief of the Arabs in the siege of Damascus.
+He is brave, fierce, and revengeful. War is his delight. When Pho'cyas,
+the Syrian, deserts Eu'men&ecirc;s, Caled asks him to point out the governor's
+tent; he refuses; they fight, and Caled falls.&mdash;John Hughes, <i>Siege of
+Damascus</i> (1720).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caledo&acute;nians</b>, Gauls from France who colonized south Britain, whence
+they journeyed to Inverness and Ross. The word is compounded of two
+Celtic words, <i>Cael</i> (&quot;Gaul&quot; or &quot;Celt&quot;) and <i>don</i> or <i>dun</i> (&quot;a hill&quot;),
+so that Cael-don means &quot;Celts of the highlands.&quot;</p>
+
+The Highlanders to this day call themselves<br>
+&quot;<i>Cael</i>&quot; and their language &quot;<i>Caelic</i>&quot; or &quot;<i>Gaelic</i>&quot;<br>
+and their country &quot;<i>Caeldock</i>&quot; which the Romans<br>
+softened into Caledonia.&mdash;<i>Dissertation on the<br>
+Poems of Ossian</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ca&acute;lenders</b>, a class of Mohammedans who abandoned father and mother,
+wife and children, relations and possessions, to wander through the
+world as religious devotees, living on the bounty of those whom they
+made their dupes.&mdash;D'Herbelot, <i>Supplement</i>, 204.</p>
+
+He diverted himself with the multitude of calenders,<br>
+santons, and dervises, who had travelled<br>
+from the heart of India, and halted on their way<br>
+with the emir.&mdash;W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1786).<br>
+
+<p><i>The Three Calenders</i>, three royal princes, disguised as begging
+dervishes, each of whom had lost his right eye. Their adventures form
+three tales in the <i>Arabian Nights' Entertainments</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tale of the First Calender</i>. No names are given. This calender was the
+son of a king, and nephew of another king. While on a visit to his uncle
+his father died, and the vizier usurped the throne. When the prince
+returned, he was seized, and the usurper pulled out his right eye. The
+uncle died, and the usurping vizier made himself master of this kingdom
+also. So the hapless young prince assumed the garb of a calender,
+wandered to Baghdad, and being received into the house of &quot;the three
+sisters,&quot; told his tale in the hearing of the caliph
+Haroun-al-Raschid.&mdash;<i>The Arabian Nights</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tale of the Second Calender.</i> No names given. This calender, like the
+first, was the son of a king. On his way to India he was attacked by
+robbers, and though he contrived to escape, he lost all his effects. In
+his flight he came to a large city, where he encountered a tailor, who
+gave him food and lodging. In order to earn a living, he turned woodman
+for the nonce, and accidentally discovered an underground palace, in
+which lived a beautiful lady, confined there by an evil genius. With a
+view of liberating her, he kicked down the talisman, when the genius
+appeared, killed the lady, and turned the prince into an ape. As an ape
+he was taken on board ship, and transported to a large commercial city,
+where his penmanship recommended him to the sultan, who made him his
+vizier. The sultan's daughter undertook to disenchant him and restore
+him to his proper form; but to accomplish this she had to fight with the
+malignant genius. She succeeded in killing the genius, and restoring the
+enchanted prince; but received such severe injuries in the struggle that
+she died, and a spark of fire which flew into the right eye of the
+prince destroyed it. The sultan was so heart-broken at the death of his
+only child, that he insisted on the prince quitting the kingdom without
+delay. So he assumed the garb of a calender, and being received into the
+hospitable house of &quot;the three sisters,&quot; told his tale in the hearing of
+the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.&mdash;<i>The Arabian Nights</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tale of the Third Calender.</i> This tale is given under the word AGIB.</p>
+
+&quot;I am called Agib,&quot; he says, &quot;and am the son<br>
+of a king whose name was Cassib.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian<br>
+Nights</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Calepine</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the knight attached to
+Sere&acute;na (canto 3). Seeing a bear carrying
+off a child, he attacked it, and squeezed it
+to death, then committed the babe to the
+care of Matilde, wife of sir Bruin. As
+Matilde had no child of her own, she
+adopted it (canto 4).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Upton says, &quot;the child&quot; in this incident is meant for M'Mahon, of Ireland, and that &quot;Mac Mahon&quot; means the &quot;son of a bear.&quot; He
+furthermore says that the M'Mahons were descended from the Fitz-Ursulas,
+a noble English family.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca&acute;les</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>). So gipsies call themselves.</p>
+
+Beltran Cruzado, count of the Cales.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Longfellow, <i>The Spanish Student</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Calf-skin.</b> Fools and jesters used to wear a calf-skin coat buttoned
+down the back, and hence Faulconbridge says insolently to the arch-duke
+of Austria, who had acted very basely towards Richard Lion-heart:</p>
+
+Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,<br>
+And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, <i>King John</i>, act ii. sc. I (1596).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cal&acute;ianax</b>, a humorous old lord, father of Aspatia, the troth-plight
+wife of Amin&acute;tor. It is the death of Aspatia which gives name to the
+drama.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caliban</b>, a savage, deformed slave of Prospero (the rightful duke of
+Milan and father of Miranda). Caliban is the &quot;freckled whelp&quot; of the
+witch Syc&acute;orax. Mrs. Shelley's &quot;Frankenstein&quot; is a sort of
+Caliban.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Tempest</i> (1609).</p>
+
+&quot;Caliban&quot; ... is all earth ... he has the<br>
+dawnings of understanding without reason or the<br>
+moral sense ... this advance to the intellectual<br>
+faculties without the moral sense is marked by<br>
+the appearance of vice.&mdash;Coleridge.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cal&acute;iburn,</b> same as <i>Excalibur</i>, the famous
+sword of king Arthur.</p>
+
+Onward Arthur paced, with hand<br>
+On Caliburn's resistless brand.<br>
+Sir W. Scott, <i>Bridal of Triermain</i> (1813).<br>
+<br>
+Arthur ... drew out his Caliburn, and ...<br>
+rushed forward with great fury into the thickest<br>
+of the enemy's ranks ... nor did he give over<br>
+the fury of his assault till he had, with his Caliburn,<br>
+killed 470 men.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>,<br>
+ix. 4 (1142).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cal&acute;idore</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the type of courtesy,
+and the hero of the sixth book of Spenser's
+<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>. The model of this character
+was sir Philip Sidney. Sir Calidore (3
+<i>syl.</i>) starts in quest of the Blatant Beast,
+which had escaped from sir Artegal (bk. v.
+12). He first compels the lady Bria&acute;na to
+discontinue her discourteous toll of &quot;the
+locks of ladies and the beards of knights&quot;
+(canto 1). Sir Calidore falls in love with
+Pastorella, a shepherdess, dresses like a
+shepherd, and assists his lady-love in keeping
+sheep. Pastorella being taken captive
+by brigands, sir Calidore rescues her, and
+leaves her at Belgard Castle to be taken
+care of, while he goes in quest of the Blatant
+Beast. He finds the monster after a
+time, by the havoc it had made with religious
+houses, and after an obstinate fight
+succeeds in muzzling it, and dragging it in
+chains after him, but it got loose again, as
+it did before (canto 12).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p>
+
+Sir Gawain was the &quot;Calidore&quot; of the Round<br>
+Table.&mdash;Southey.<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Pastorella&quot; is Frances Walsingham
+(daughter of sir Francis), whom sir Philip
+Sidney married. After the death of sir
+Philip she married the earl of Essex. The
+&quot;Blatant Beast&quot; is what we now call &quot;Mrs.
+Grundy.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Calig&acute;orant,</b> an Egyptian giant and cannibal, who used to entrap
+travellers with an invisible net. It was the very same net that Vulcan
+made to catch Mars and Venus with. Mercury stole it for the purpose of
+entrapping Chloris, and left it in the temple of Anu&acute;bis, whence it was
+stolen by Caligorant. One day Astolpho, by a blast of his magic horn, so
+frightened the giant that he got entangled in his own net, and being
+made captive was despoiled of it.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cali&acute;no</b>, a famous French utterer of bulls.</p>
+
+<p><b>Calip&acute;olis</b>, in <i>The Battle of Alcazar</i>, a drama by George Peele
+(1582). Pistol says to Mistress Quickly:</p>
+
+&quot;Then feed and be fat, my fair Calipolis.&quot;&mdash;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV.</i> act ii. sc 4 (1598).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cal&acute;is</b> (<i>The princess</i>), sister of As&acute;torax, king of Paphos, in
+love with Polydore, brother of general Memnon, but loved greatly by
+Siphax.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p>
+
+<p><b>Calis&acute;ta</b>, the fierce and haughty daughter of Sciol&acute;to (<i>3 syl.</i>), a
+proud Genoese nobleman. She yielded to the seduction of Lotha&acute;rio, but
+engaged to marry Al&acute;tamont, a young lord who loved her dearly. On the
+wedding-day a letter was picked up which proved her guilt, and she was
+subsequently seen by Altamont conversing with Lothario. A duel ensued,
+in which Lothario fell; in a street row Sciolto received his
+death-wound, and Calista stabbed herself. The character of &quot;Calista&quot; was
+one of the parts of Mrs. Siddons, and also of Miss Brunton.&mdash;N. Rowe,
+<i>The Fair Penitent</i> (1703).</p>
+
+<p>Richardson has given a purity and sanctity to the sorrows of his
+&quot;Clarissa&quot; which leave &quot;Calista&quot; immeasurably behind.&mdash;R. Chambers,
+<i>English Literature</i>, i. 590.</p>
+
+<p>Twelve years after Norris's death, Mrs. Barry was acting the character
+of &quot;Calista.&quot; In the last act, where &quot;Calista&quot; lays her hand upon a
+skull, she [<i>Mrs. Barry</i>] was suddenly seized with a shuddering, and
+fainted. Next day she asked whence the skull had been obtained, and was
+told it was &quot;the skull of Mr. Norris, an actor.&quot; This Norris was her
+former husband, and so great was the shock that she died within six
+weeks.&mdash;Oxberry.</p>
+
+<p><b>Calis'to and Ar'cas.</b> Calisto, an Arcadian nymph, was changed into a
+she-bear. Her son Arcas, supposing the bear to be an ordinary beast, was
+about to shoot it, when Jupiter metamorphosed him into a he-bear. Both
+were taken to heaven by Jupiter, and became the constellations <i>Ursa
+Minor</i> and <i>Ursa Major</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Call'aghan O'Brall'aghan</b> (<i>Sir</i>), &quot;a wild Irish soldier in the
+Prussian army. His military humor makes one fancy he was not only born
+in a siege, but that Bellona had been his nurse, Mars his
+schoolmaster, and the Furies his playfellows&quot; (act i. 1). He is the
+successful suitor of Charlotte Goodchild.&mdash;C. Macklin, <i>Love &agrave; la mode</i>
+(1779).</p>
+
+<p><b>Callet</b>, a <i>fille publique</i>. Brant&ocirc;me says a <i>calle</i> or <i>calotte</i> is
+&quot;a cap,&quot; hence the phrase, <i>Plattes comme des calles</i>. Ben Jonson, in
+his <i>Magnetick Lady</i>, speaks of &quot;wearing the callet, the politic hood.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Des filles du peuple et de la campagne s'appellant <i>&ccedil;alles</i>, &agrave; cause de
+la &quot;cale&quot; qui leur servait de coiffure.&mdash;Francisque Michel.</p>
+
+<p>En sa t&ecirc;te avoit un gros bonnet blanc, qui l'on appelle une <i>calle</i>, et
+nous autres appelons <i>calotte</i>, ou bonnette blanche de lagne, nou&eacute;e ou
+brid&eacute;e par dessous le menton.&mdash;Brant&ocirc;me, <i>Vies des Dames Illustres</i>.</p>
+
+A beggar in his drink<br>
+Could not have laid such terms upon his callet.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>, act iv. sc. 2 (1611).</p>
+
+<p><b>Callim'achus</b> (<i>The Italian</i>), Filippo Buonaccorsi (1437-1496).</p>
+
+<p><b>Callir'rhoe</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), the lady-love of Chae'reas, in a Greek
+romance entitled <i>The Loves of Choreas and Callirrho&ecirc;</i>, by Char'iton
+(eighth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Callis'thenes</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>), a philosopher who accompanied Alexander
+the Great on his Oriental expedition. He refused to pay Alexander divine
+honors, for which he was accused of treason, and being mutilated, was
+chained in a cage for seven months like a wild beast. Lysimachus put an
+end to his tortures by poison.</p>
+
+Oh let me roll in Macedonian rays,<br>
+Or, like Callisthenes, be caged for life,<br>
+Rather than shine in fashions of the East.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">N. Lee, <i>Alexander the Great</i>, iv. I (1678).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cal'mar</b>, son of Matha, lord of Lara (in Connaught). He is
+represented as presumptuous, rash, and overbearing, but gallant and
+generous. The very opposite of the temperate Connal, who advises caution
+and forethought. Calmar hurries Cuthullin into action, which ends in
+defeat. Connal comforts the general in his distress.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>,
+i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cal'thon</b>, brother of Col'mar, sons of Rathmor chief of Clutha (<i>the
+Clyde</i>). The father was murdered in his halls by Dunthalmo lord of
+Teutha (<i>the Tweed</i>), and the two boys were brought up by the murderer
+in his own house, and accompanied him in his wars. As they grew in years
+Dunthalmo fancied he perceived in their looks a something which excited
+his suspicions, so he shut them up in two separate dark caves on the
+banks of the Tweed. Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, dressed as a young
+warrior, liberated Calthon, and fled with him to Morven, to crave aid in
+behalf of the captive Colmar. Accordingly, Fingal sent his son Ossian
+with 300 men to effect his liberation. When Dunthalmo heard of the
+approach of this army, he put Colmar to death. Calthon, mourning for his
+brother, was captured, and bound to an oak; but at daybreak Ossian slew
+Dunthalmo, cut the thongs of Calthon, gave him to Colmal, and they lived
+happily in the halls of Teutha.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Calthon and Colmal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cal&acute;ydon</b> (<i>Prince of</i>), Melea&acute;ger, famed for killing the Calydonian
+boar.&mdash;<i>Apollod.</i> i. 8. (See MELEAGER.)</p>
+
+As did the fatal brand Althaea burn'd,<br>
+Unto the prince's heart of Calydon.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry VI.</i> act i. sc. 1 (1591).</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Cal&acute;ydon</i>, a town of Aeto&acute;lia, founded by Calydon. In Arthurian romance
+Calydon is a forest in the north of our island. Probably it is what
+Richard of Cirencester calls the &quot;Caledonian Wood,&quot; westward of the
+Varar or Murray Frith.</p>
+
+<p><b>Calydo&acute;nian Hunt.</b> Artemis, to punish Oeneus [<i>E&acute;.nuce</i>] king of
+Cal&acute;ydon, in Aeto&acute;lia, for neglect, sent a monster boar to ravage his
+vineyards. His son Melea&acute;ger collected together a large company to hunt
+it. The boar being killed, a dispute arose respecting the head, and this
+led to a war between the Curet&ecirc;s and Calydo&acute;nians.</p>
+
+<p>A similar tale is told of Theseus (<i>2 syl.</i>), who vanquished and killed
+the gigantic sow which ravaged the territory of Krommyon, near Corinth.
+(See KROMMYONIAN SOW.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Calyp&acute;so</b>, in <i>T&eacute;l&eacute;maque</i>, a prose-epic by F&eacute;n&eacute;lon, is meant for
+Mde. de Montespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogyg&acute;ia, on
+which Ulyss&ecirc;s was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years.</p>
+
+<p>She essayed after his departure to bring his son Telemachus under her
+spell. The lad, seeking the world through for his father, was preserved
+from the arts of the temptress by Mentor&mdash;Minerva in disguise.</p>
+
+<p><b>Calypso's Isle,</b> Ogygia, a mythical island &quot;in the navel of the
+sea.&quot; Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (<i>not the island</i>)
+is Boeo&acute;tia, in Greece.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cama&acute;cho,</b> &quot;richest of men,&quot; makes grand preparations for his
+wedding with Quite&acute;ria, &quot;fairest of women,&quot; but as the bridal party are
+on their way, Basil&acute;ius cheats him of his bride, by pretending to kill
+himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married
+to him as a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments; but when
+the service is over, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his &quot;mortal
+wounds&quot; are a mere pretense.&mdash;Cervantes, an episode in <i>Don Quixote</i>,
+II. ii. 4 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caman&acute;ches</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), or COMAN&acute;CHES, an
+Indian tribe of Texas (United States).</p>
+
+It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Longfellow, <i>To the Driving Cloud</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Camaral&acute;zaman,</b> prince of &quot;the Island
+of the Children of Khal&acute;edan, situate in the
+open sea, some twenty days' sail from the
+coast of Persia.&quot; He was the only child of
+Schah&acute;zaman and Fatima, king and queen
+of the island. He was very averse to marriage;
+but one night, by fairy influence,
+being shown Badou&acute;ra, only child of the
+king of China, he fell in love with her and
+exchanged rings. Next day both inquired
+what had become of the other, and the
+question was deemed so ridiculous that
+each was thought to be mad. At length
+Marzavan (foster-brother of the princess)
+solved the mystery. He induced the prince
+Camaralzaman to go to China, where he
+was recognized by the princess and married
+her. (The name means &quot;the moon of
+the period.&quot;)&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Camaralzaman
+and Badoura&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cam&acute;ballo,</b> the second son of Cambuscan&acute; king of Tartary, brother of
+Al&acute;garsife (<i>3 syl.</i>) and Can&acute;ac&ecirc; (<i>3 syl.</i>). He fought with two knights
+who asked the lady Canac&ecirc; to wife, the terms being that none should have
+her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat. Chaucer does
+not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says that three
+brothers, named Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond were suitors, and that
+Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all born at one birth) was
+Ag&acute;ap&ecirc;, who dwelt in Fa&euml;ry-land (bk. iv. 2).</p>
+
+<p>Spenser makes Cambi&acute;na (daughter of Agap&ecirc;) the lady-love of Camballo.
+Camballo is also called Camballus and Cambel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camballo's Ring</i>, given him by his sister Canac&ecirc;, &quot;had power to stanch
+all wounds that mortally did bleed.&quot;</p>
+
+Well mote ye wonder how that noble knight,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">After he had so often wounded been,</span><br>
+Could stand on foot now to renew the fight ...<br>
+All was thro' virtue of the ring he wore;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The which not only did not from him let</span><br>
+One drop of blood to fall, but did restore<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 2 (1596).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cambel,</b> called by Chaucer Cam&acute;ballo, brother of Can&acute;ac&ecirc; (<i>3 syl.</i>).
+He challenged Every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all
+except Tri&acute;amond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so evenly
+balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambi&acute;na interfered.
+(See next art.)&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cambi&acute;na,</b> daughter of the fairy Ag&acute;ap&ecirc; (<i>3 syl.</i>). She had been
+trained in magic by her mother, and when Cam&acute;ballo, son of Cambuscan&acute;,
+had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with the
+third (named Tri&acute;amond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot drawn
+by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had the
+power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow, and
+of inspiring the mind with celestial joy. Cambina touched the combatants
+with her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup to drink,
+dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled them with
+gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife, and Triamond
+married Can&acute;ac&ecirc;.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cambuscan</b>&acute;, king of Sarra, in the land
+of Tartary; the model of all royal virtues.</p>
+
+At Sarra, in the lond of Tartarie,<br>
+Ther dwelt a king that werreied Russie,<br>
+Through which ther died many a doughty man:<br>
+This noble king was cleped Cambuscan<br>
+Which in his time was of so great renoun<br>
+That ther n' as no wher in no regioun,<br>
+So excellent a lord in alle thing:<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+This noble king, this Tartre Cambuscan<br>
+Hadde two sones by Elfeta his wif,<br>
+Of which the eldest sone highte Algarsif<br>
+That other was ycleped Camballo.<br>
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+A doughter had this worthy king also<br>
+That youngest was and highte Canace.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chaucer, <i>The Squire's Tale</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>Milton, in the Penseroso, alludes to the
+fact that the Squire's Tale was not finished:</p>
+
+Or call up him that left half told<br>
+The story of Cambuscan bold.<br>
+
+<p><b>Camby&acute;ses</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a pompous, ranting
+character in Preston's tragedy of that name.</p>
+
+I must speak in passion, and I will do it in<br>
+king Cambyses' vein.&mdash;Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry IV</i>.<br>
+act ii. sc. 4 (1597).<br>
+
+<p><b>Camby&acute;ses and Smerdis.</b> Cambys&ecirc;s king of Persia killed his brother
+Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a madman, and it is only charity to
+think that he was really <i>non compos mentis</i>.</p>
+
+Behold Cambis&ecirc;s and his fatal daye ...<br>
+While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye,<br>
+A dreadful thing, his wittes were him bereft.<br>
+T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i> (&quot;The<br>
+Complaynt,&quot; 1587).<br>
+
+<p><b>Camdeo,</b> the god of love in Hind&ucirc; mythology.</p>
+
+<p><b>Camil&acute;la,</b> the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her
+fleetness of foot. She aided Turnus against &AElig;neas.</p>
+
+Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,<br>
+Flies o'er th' unbending corn, or skims along the main.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 11em;">Pope.</span><br>
+
+<p><i>Camilla</i>, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice in
+her incorruptible fidelity, induced his friend Lothario to try to
+corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell.
+Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped
+with Lothario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle, and
+Camilla died in a convent.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. 5, 6
+(&quot;Fatal Curiosity,&quot; 1605).</p>
+
+<p><i>Camilla</i>, English girl, heroine of Miss Burney's novel of same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Camilla</i>, the heroine of <i>Signor Monaldini's Niece</i>, by Mary Agnes
+Tincker, a story of modern Rome (1879).</p>
+
+<p><b>Camille&acute;</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), in Corneille's tragedy of <i>Les Horaces</i>
+(1639). When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his
+victory over the three Curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for
+the death of her lover. Horace says, &quot;What! can you prefer a man to the
+interests of Rome?&quot; Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and concludes with
+these words: &quot;Oh, that it were my lot!&quot; When Mdlle. Rachel first
+appeared in the character of &quot;Camille,&quot; she took Paris by storm (1838).</p>
+
+Voir le dernier Romain &agrave; son dernier soupir,<br>
+Moi seule en &ecirc;tre cause, et mourir de plaisir.<br>
+
+<p>&curren;&curren;&curren; Whitehead has dramatized the subject and called it <i>The Roman
+Father</i> (1741).</p>
+
+<p><i>Camille</i>, one of the Parisian <i>demi-monde</i>. She meets and loves Armand
+Duval. Camille is besought by Duval <i>p&egrave;re</i> to leave her lover, whose
+prospects are ruined by the <i>liaison</i>. She quits him, returns to her
+former life, and dies of consumption in the arms of her lover, who has
+just found her after a long search.&mdash;A. Dumas, <i>La Dame aux Camelias</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Camillo</b>, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being
+commanded by king Leont&ecirc;s to poison Polixen&ecirc;s, instead of doing so he
+gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. When Polixen&ecirc;s ordered
+his son Florizel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young lovers
+to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leont&ecirc;s, the king thereof, to
+protect them. As soon as Polixen&ecirc;s discovered that Perdita was Leont&ecirc;s'
+daughter, he readily consented to the union which before he had
+forbidden.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cami&acute;ola,</b> &quot;the maid of honor,&quot; a lady of great wealth, noble
+spirit, and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of
+the two Sicilies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid
+his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia the
+duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and proposed marriage,
+an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to Palermo to
+be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct of the base
+young prince. Roberto was disgusted at his brother, Aurelia rejected him
+with scorn, and Camiola retired to a nunnery.&mdash;Massinger, <i>The Maid of
+Honor</i> (1637).</p>
+
+<p><b>Campas&acute;pe</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), mistress of Alexander. He gave her up to
+Apell&ecirc;s, who had fallen in love with her while painting her
+likeness.&mdash;Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. xxxv. 10.</p>
+
+<p>John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama
+entitled <i>Cupid and Campaspe</i>, in which is
+the well-known lyric:</p>
+
+Cupid and my Campasp&ecirc; played<br>
+At cards for kisses: Cupid paid.<br>
+
+<p><b>Campbell</b> (<i>Captain</i>), called &quot;Green
+Colin Campbell,&quot; or Bar&acute;caldine (3 <i>syl.</i>).&mdash;
+Sir W. Scott, <i>The Highland Widow</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Campbell (General)</i>, called &quot;Black Colin Campbell,&quot; in the king's
+service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Campbell (Sir Duncan)</i>, knight of Ardenvohr, in the marquis of Argyll's
+army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Mary Campbell</i>, sir Duncan's wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck</i>, an officer in the army of the
+marquis of Argyll.</p>
+
+<p><i>Murdoch Campbell</i>, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised
+as a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the
+prisoners overmastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon,
+and escaped.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Campbell (The lady Mary)</i>, daughter of the duke of Argyll.</p>
+
+<p><i>The lady Caroline Campbell</i>, sister of lady Mary.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart
+of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Campeador</b> [<i>Kam.pay&acute;.dor</i>], the Cid, who was called <i>Mio Cid el
+Campeador</i> (&quot;my lord the champion&quot;). &quot;Cid&quot; is a corruption of <i>sa&iuml;d</i>
+(&quot;lord&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Campo-Basso</b> (<i>The count of</i>), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's
+army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, <i>Quentin Durward</i> and
+<i>Anne of Geierstein</i>, both laid in the time of Edward IV.</p>
+
+<p><b>Can&acute;ace</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), daughter of Cambuscan&acute;, and the paragon of
+women. Chaucer left the tale half told, but Spenser makes a crowd of
+suitors woo her. Her brother Cambel or Cam&acute;ballo resolved that none
+should win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At
+length Tri&acute;amond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight
+with Camballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambi&acute;na, daughter
+of the fairy Ag&acute;ap&ecirc; (3 <i>syl.</i>), had not interfered. Cambina gave the
+wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity to
+love; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair
+Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canac&ecirc;.&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Squire's Tale</i>;
+Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 3 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><i>Canac&ecirc;'s Mirror</i>, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons on
+whom they set their affections would prove true or false.</p>
+
+<p><i>Canac&ecirc;'s Ring</i>. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canac&ecirc;, daughter of
+Cambuscan&acute; (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to
+understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of all
+herbs.&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;The Squire's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Candace,</b> negro cook in <i>The Minister's Wooing</i>, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. She reverences Dr. Hopkins, but is slow to admit his dogma of
+Imputed Sin in Consequence of Adam's Transgression (1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Candau&acute;les</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his
+wife to Gy&acute;g&ecirc;s. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gyg&ecirc;s to
+murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of
+Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (B.C. 716-688).</p>
+
+<p><b>Canday&acute;a</b> (<i>The kingdom of</i>), situate between the great Trapoba&acute;na
+and the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Com&acute;orin.&mdash;Cervantes,
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Candide&acute;</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the hero of Voltaire's novel of the same name.
+He believes that &quot;all things are for the best in the best of all
+possible worlds.&quot;</p>
+
+Voltaire says &quot;No.&quot; He tells you that Candide<br>
+Found life most tolerable after meals.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, v. 31 (1820).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Candour</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), the beau-ideal of female backbiters.&mdash;Sheridan,
+<i>The School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><b>Can&acute;idia,</b> a Neapolitan, beloved by the poet Horace. When she
+deserted him, he held her up to contempt as an old sorceress who could
+by charms unsphere the moon.&mdash;Horace, <i>Epodes</i>, v. and xvii.</p>
+
+Such a charm were right Canidian.<br>
+Mrs. Browning, <i>Hector in the Garden</i>, iv.<br>
+
+<p><b>Canmore</b> or GREAT-HEAD, Malcolm III. of Scotland (1057-1093).&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Canning</b> (<i>George</i>), statesman (1770-1827). Charles Lamb calls him:</p>
+
+St. Stephen's fool, the zany of debate.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Sonnet in &quot;The Champion</i>.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cano&acute;pos,</b> Menel&auml;os's pilot, killed in the return voyage from Troy
+by the bite of a serpent. The town Can&ouml;pos (Latin, <i>Canopus</i>) was built
+on the site where the pilot was buried.</p>
+
+<p><b>Can&acute;tab,</b> a member of the University of Cambridge. The word is a
+contraction of the Latin <i>Cantabrig&acute;ia</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Can&acute;tacuzene&acute;</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), a noble Greek family, which has furnished
+two emperors of Constantinople, and several princes of Moldavia and
+Wallachia. The family still survives.</p>
+
+We mean to show that the Cantacuzen&ecirc;s are<br>
+not the only princely family in the world.&mdash;D'Israeli,<br>
+<i>Lothaire</i>.<br>
+
+There are other members of the Cantacuzen&ecirc;<br>
+family besides myself.&mdash;Ditto.<br>
+
+<p><i>Can&acute;tacuzene&acute;</i> (<i>Michael</i>), the grand sewer of Alexius Comne&acute;nus,
+emperor of Greece.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>. (time,
+Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Canterbury Tales.</b> Eighteen tales told by a company of pilgrims
+going to visit the shrine of &quot;St. Thomas &agrave; Becket&quot; at Canterbury. The
+party first assembled at the Tabard, an inn in Southwark, and there
+agreed to tell one tale each both going and returning, and the person
+who told the best tale was to be treated by the rest to a supper at the
+Tabard on the homeward journey. The party consisted of twenty-nine
+pilgrims, so that the whole budget of tales should have been
+fifty-eight, but only eighteen of the number were told, not one being on
+the homeward route. The chief of these tales are: &quot;The Knight's Tale&quot;
+(<i>Pal&acute;amon and Ar&acute;cite, 2 syl.</i>); &quot;The Man of Law's Tale&quot; (<i>Custance, 2
+syl.</i>); &quot;The Wife of Bath's Tale&quot; (<i>A Knight</i>); &quot;The Clerk's Tale&quot;
+(<i>Grisildis</i>); &quot;The Squire's Tale&quot; (<i>Cambuscan</i>, incomplete); &quot;The
+Franklin's Tale&quot; <i>(Dor'igen and Arvir'agus)</i>; &quot;The Prioress's Tale&quot;
+(<i>Hugh of Lincoln</i>); &quot;The Priest's Tale&quot; (<i>Chanticleer and Partelite</i>);
+&quot;The Second Nun's Tale&quot; (<i>St. Cecil'ia</i>); &quot;The Doctor's Tale&quot;
+(<i>Virginia</i>); &quot;The Miller's Tale&quot; (<i>John the Carpenter and Alison</i>); and
+&quot;The Merchant's Tale&quot; (<i>January and May</i>) (1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Canton</b>, the Swiss valet of lord Ogleby. He has to skim the morning
+papers and serve out the cream of them to his lordship at breakfast,
+&quot;with good emphasis and good discretion.&quot; He laughs at all his master's
+jokes, flatters him to the top of his bent, and speaks of him as a mere
+chicken compared to himself, though his lordship is seventy and Canton
+about fifty. Lord Ogleby calls him his &quot;cephalic snuff, and no bad
+medicine against megrims, vertigoes, and profound thinkings.&quot;&mdash;Colman
+and Garrick, <i>The Clandestine Marriage</i> (1766).</p>
+
+<p><b>Can'trips</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), a quondam friend of Nanty Ewart, the
+smuggler-captain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jessie Cantrips</i>, her daughter.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cant'well</b> (Dr.), the hypocrite, the English representative of
+Moli&egrave;re's Tartuffe. He makes religious cant the instrument of gain,
+luxurious living, and sensual indulgence. His overreaching and
+dishonorable conduct towards lady Lambert and her daughter gets
+thoroughly exposed, and at last he is arrested as a swindler.&mdash;I. Bicker
+staff, <i>The Hypocrite</i> (1768).</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Cantwell ... the meek and saintly hypocrite.</p>
+
+<p>L. Hunt.</p>
+
+<p><b>Canute'</b> or <b>Cnut</b> and <b>Edmund Ironside.</b>
+William of Malmesbury says: When
+Canute and Edmund were ready for their
+sixth battle in Gloucestershire, it was arranged
+between them to decide their respective
+claims by single combat. Cnut
+was a small man, and Edmund both tall
+and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary,
+&quot;We both lay claim to the kingdom in
+right of our fathers; let us therefore divide
+it and make peace;&quot; and they did so.</p>
+
+Canutus of the two that furthest was from hope ...<br>
+Cries, &quot;Noble Edmund hold! Let us the land divide.&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... and all aloud do cry,</span><br>
+&quot;Courageous kings, divide! 'Twere pity such should die.&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Canute's Bird,</b> the knot, a corruption
+of &quot;Knut,&quot; the <i>Cinclus bellonii</i>, of which
+king Canute was extremely fond.</p>
+
+The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old,<br>
+Of that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold,<br>
+His appetite to please ... from Denmark hither brought.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxv. (1622).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Can&acute;ynge</b> (<i>Sir William</i>) is represented in the <i>Rowley Romance</i> as
+a rich, God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church, and
+much to literature. He was, in fact, a Maece&acute;nas of princely
+hospitality, living in the Red House. The priest Rowley was his
+&quot;Horace.&quot;&mdash;Chatterton (1752-1770).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cap</b> (<i>Charles</i>), uncle of Mabel Dunham
+in Cooper's <i>Pathfinder</i> (1849). He is a sea-captain
+who insists in sailing a vessel upon
+the great northern lakes as he would upon
+the Atlantic, but, despite his pragmatic
+self-conceit, is nonplussed by the Thousand
+Islands.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>&quot;And you expect me, a stranger on your lake,
+to find this place without chart, course, distance,
+latitude, longitude, or soundings? Allow me to
+ask if you think a mariner runs by his nose, like
+one of Pathfinder's hounds?&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Having by a series of blunders consequent upon this course, brought
+schooners and crew to the edge of destruction, he shows heart by
+regretting that his niece is on board, and philosophy with professional
+pride by the conclusion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;We must take the bad with the good in every v'y'ge, and the only
+serious objection that an old sea-captain can with propriety make to
+such an event, is that it should happen on this bit of d&mdash;d fresh
+water.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Capability Brown</b>, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener
+(1715-1783).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cap'aneus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.) a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength,
+and headlong valor. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his
+friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against Thebes
+(1 <i>syl</i>.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring that not
+Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls.</p>
+
+<p><b>Capitan</b>, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces
+and comedies prior to the time of Moli&egrave;re.</p>
+
+<p><b>Caponsac'chi</b> (<i>Guiseppe</i>), the young priest under whose protection
+Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and <i>his</i> friends
+said the elopement was criminal; but Pompilia, Caponsacchi, and <i>their</i>
+friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part of a
+chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at fifteen, and
+who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her.&mdash;R. Browning, <i>The
+Ring and the Book</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Capstern</b> (<i>Captain</i>), captain of an East</p>
+
+<p>Indiaman, at Madras.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Captain,</b> Manuel Comne&acute;nus of Treb&acute;izond (1120, 1143-1180).</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain of Kent</i>. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Great Captain (el Gran Capitano)</i>, Gonzalvo di Cor&acute;dova
+(1453-1515).</p>
+
+<p><i>The People's Captain (el Capitano del Popolo</i>), Guiseppe Garibaldi
+(1807-).</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain (A Copper)</i>, a poor captain, whose swans are all geese, his
+jewellry paste, his guineas counters, his achievements
+tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. See <i>Copper Captain</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain (The Black)</i>, lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff of the Russian
+army. In the French invasion he was called by the French <i>Le Capitaine
+Noir</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Captain Loys</b> [<i>Lo.is</i>]. Louise Lab&eacute; was so called, because in early
+life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of
+great valor. She was also called <i>La Belle Cordi&egrave;re</i>. Louise Lab&eacute; was a
+poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good
+elegies (1526-1566).</p>
+
+<p><b>Captain! my Captain!</b> fallen leader apostrophized by Walt Whitman in
+his lines upon the death of President Lincoln (1865).</p>
+
+O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells!<br>
+Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills;<br>
+For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding;<br>
+For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.<br>
+<br>
+Here, Captain! dear father!<br>
+This arm beneath your head!<br>
+It is some dream that on the deck<br>
+You've fallen cold and dead.<br>
+
+<p><b>Captain Right</b>, a fictitious commander,
+the ideal of the rights due to Ireland. In
+the last century the peasants of Ireland
+were sworn to captain Right, as chartists
+were sworn to their articles of demand
+called their <i>charter</i>. Shakespeare would
+have furnished them with a good motto,
+&quot;Use every man after his desert, and who
+shall 'scape whipping?&quot; (<i>Hamlet</i>, act ii.
+sc. 2).</p>
+
+<p><b>Captain Rock</b>, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain
+Irish insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were
+signed by this name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cap'ulet</b>, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with
+the house of Mon'tague (3 syl). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man,
+self-willed, prejudiced, and tyrannical.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Capulet</i>, wife of lord Capulet and mother of Juliet.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Capys</b>, a blind old seer, who prophesied to Romulus the military
+triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the destruction of Carthage.</p>
+
+In the hall-gate sat Capys,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capys the sightless seer;</span><br>
+From head to foot he trembled<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As Romulus drew near.</span><br>
+And up stood stiff his thin white hair,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his blind eyes flash&egrave;d fire.</span><br>
+
+<p>Lord Macaulay, <i>Lays of Ancient Rome</i> (&quot;The
+Prophecy of Capys,&quot; xi.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'abas</b> (<i>Le marquis de</i>), an hypothetical title to express a
+fossilized old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his
+behoof. The &quot;king owes his throne to him;&quot; he can &quot;trace his pedigree to
+Pepin;&quot; his youngest son is &quot;sure of a mitre;&quot; he is too noble &quot;to pay
+taxes;&quot; the very priests share their tithes with him; the country was
+made for his &quot;hunting-ground;&quot; and, therefore, as B&eacute;ranger says:</p>
+
+Chapeau bas! chapeau bas!<br>
+Gloire au marquis de Carabas!<br>
+
+<p>The name occurs in Perrault's tale of <i>Puss in Boots</i>, but it is
+B&eacute;ranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carac&acute;ci of France</b>, Jean Jouvenet, who was paralyzed on the right
+side, and painted with his left hand (1647-1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carac&acute;tacus or Caradoc</b>, king of the Sil&acute;ur&ecirc;s (<i>Monmouthshire</i>,
+etc.). For nine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated by
+Osto&acute;rius Scap&acute;ula the Roman general, he escaped to Brigantia
+(<i>Yorkshire</i>, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthisman&acute;dua (or Cartimandua),
+a Roman matron married to Venu&acute;tius, chief of those parts. Carthismandua
+betrayed him to the Romans, A.D. 47.&mdash;Richard of Cirencester, <i>Ancient
+State of Britain</i>, i. 6, 23.</p>
+
+<p>Caradoc was led captive to Rome, A.D. 51, and, struck with the grandeur
+of that city, exclaimed, &quot;Is it possible that a people so wealthy and
+luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain?&quot; Claudius the emperor
+was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing that he released him
+and craved his friendship.</p>
+
+<p>Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the
+waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his &quot;manly breast enchased with
+sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and
+walked with him.&quot;&mdash;<i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caracul</b> (<i>i.e. Caraeatta</i>), son and successor of Severus the Roman
+emperor. In A.D. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledo&acute;nians, but
+was defeated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called &quot;Caracalla&quot;
+because he adopted the Gaulish <i>caracalla</i> in preference to the Roman
+<i>toga</i>.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Comala</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of
+Severus) the emperor of Rome ... was not without reason called &quot;The Son
+of the King of the World.&quot; This was A.D. 210.&mdash;<i>Dissertation on the Era
+of Ossian</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Caraculiam'bo,</b> the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma,
+whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at
+the foot of his imaginary lady-love.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I.i.1
+(1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'adoc or Cradock</b>, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of
+the only lady in the queen's train who could wear &quot;the mantle of
+matrimonial fidelity.&quot; This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous
+wives; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on&mdash;</p>
+
+One while it was too long, another while too short,<br>
+And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort.<br>
+
+<p>Percy, <i>Reliques</i> (&quot;Boy and the Mantle,&quot; III. iii. 18).</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head</i>. The boy who brought the test mantle
+of fidelity to king Arthur's court drew a wand three times across a
+boar's head, and said, &quot;There's never a cuckold who can carve that head
+of brawn.&quot; Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir Cradock
+could carve the brawn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir Cradock and the Drinking-horn.</i> The boy furthermore brought forth a
+drinking-horn, and said, &quot;No cuckold can drink from that horn without
+spilling the liquor.&quot; Only Cradock succeeded, and &quot;he wan the golden
+can.&quot;&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i> (&quot;Boy and the Mantle,&quot; III. iii. 18).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caradoc of Men'wygent,</b> the younger bard of Gwenwyn prince of
+Powys-land. The elder bard of the prince was Cadwallon.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car&acute;atach or Carac&acute;tacus,</b> a British
+king brought captive before the emperor
+Claudius in A.D. 52. He had been betrayed
+by Cartimandua. Claudius set him at liberty.</p>
+
+And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach affords<br>
+A tragedy complete except in words.<br>
+Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> (1809).<br>
+
+<p>(Byron alludes to the &quot;spectacle&quot; of
+<i>Caractacus</i> produced by Thomas Sheridan
+at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's
+tragedy of <i>Bonduca</i>, minus the dialogue.)</p>
+
+Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute<br>
+&quot;Caratach.&quot; The solid bulk of his frame, his<br>
+action, his voice, all marked him with identity.<br>
+&mdash;Boaden, <i>Life of Siddons</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Car&acute;athis,</b> mother of the caliph Vathek.
+She was a Greek, and induced her son to
+study necromancy, held in abhorrence by
+all good Mussulmans. When her son
+threatened to put to death every one who
+attempted without success to read the inscription
+of certain sabres, Carathis wisely
+said, &quot;Content yourself, my son, with commanding
+their beards to be burnt. Beards
+are less essential to a state than men.&quot;
+She was ultimately carried by an afrit to
+the abyss of Eblis, in punishment of her
+many crimes.&mdash;W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carau&acute;sius,</b> the first British emperor (237-294). His full name was
+Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was
+accepted by Diocletian and Maxim&acute;ian; but after a vigorous reign of
+seven years he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as
+&quot;emperor of Britain.&quot;&mdash;See Gibbon, <i>Decline and Fall, etc.</i>, ii. 13.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car&acute;dan</b> (<i>Jer&ocirc;me</i>) of Pa&acute;via (1501-1576), a great mathematician and
+astrologer. He professed to have a demon or familiar spirit, who
+revealed to him the secrets of nature.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carden</b> (<i>Grace</i>), lovely girl with whom Henry Little (an artisan)
+and Frederick Coventry, gentleman, are enamored. Beguiled by Coventry
+into a belief that Little is dead, she consents to the marriage ceremony
+with his rival. Little reappears on the wedding-day, and she refuses to
+live with her husband. The marriage is eventually set aside, and Grace
+Carden espouses Henry Little.&mdash;Charles Reade, <i>Put Yourself in His
+Place</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carde&acute;nio</b> of Andalusi&acute;a, of opulent parents, fell in love with
+Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally
+engaged. Don Fernando his friend, however, prevailed on Lucinda's
+father, by artifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda to
+himself, &quot;contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle of
+honor.&quot; This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena or
+Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid intervals.
+On the wedding-day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed the bridegroom
+that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she privately left her
+father's house and took refuge in a convent; but being abducted by don
+Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where Fernando found Dorothea his
+wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda. All parties were now
+reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired respectively with their proper
+wives.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Care</b>, described as a blacksmith, who &quot;worked all night and day.&quot;
+His bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs.&mdash;<i>Fa&eacute;ry Queen</i>,
+iv. 5 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Care'less</b>, one of the boon companions of Charles
+Surface.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><i>Care'less (Colonel)</i>, an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper,
+who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his
+wife.&mdash;T. Knight, <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This farce is a mere <i>r&eacute;chauff&eacute;</i> of <i>The Committee</i>, by the hon. sir R.
+Howard. The names &quot;colonel Careless&quot; and &quot;Ruth&quot; are the same, but &quot;Ruth&quot;
+says her proper Christian name is &quot;Anne.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Careless</i>, in <i>The Committee</i>, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury
+(1638-1720) was celebrated.&mdash;Chetwood, <i>History of the Stage.</i></p>
+
+<p>(<i>The Committee</i>, recast by T. Knight, is called <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Careless (Ned)</i>, makes love to lady Pliant.&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The Double
+Dealer</i> (1700).</p>
+
+<p><b>Careless Husband</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Colley Cibber (1704). The
+&quot;careless husband&quot; is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different
+persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and
+even forgets to lock the door when he has made a <i>liaison</i>, so that his
+wife knows all; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire
+control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest
+indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that he
+confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his ways.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car&ecirc;me</b> <i>(Jean de), chef de cuisine</i> of Leo X. This was a name given
+him by the pope for an admirable <i>soupe maigre</i> which he invented for
+Lent. A descendant of Jean was <i>chef</i> to the prince regent, at a salary
+of &pound;1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the prince had
+only a <i>m&eacute;nage bourgeois</i>, and entered the service of baron Rothschild
+at Paris (1784-1833).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carey</b>, innocent-faced rich young dude in Ellen Olney Kirk's novel,
+<i>A Daughter of Eve</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carey (Patrick)</i>, the poet brother of lord Falkland, introduced by sir
+W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'gill</b> <i>(The Rev. Josiah</i>), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor
+of the hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 <i>syl</i>.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta
+Bidmore, his pupil's sister.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cari'no,</b> father of Zeno'cia, the chaste troth-plight wife of
+Arnoldo (the lady dishonorably pursued by the governor count
+Clodio).&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'ker</b> <i>(James)</i>, manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant.
+Carker was a man of forty, of a florid complexion, with very glistening
+white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His smile was
+like &quot;the snarl of a cat.&quot; He was the Alas'tor of the house of Dombey,
+for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he seduced Alice
+Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife), and also induced Edith
+to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon, and Carker, returning
+to England, was run over by a railway train and killed.</p>
+
+<p><i>John Carker</i>, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He
+twice robbed it and was forgiven.</p>
+
+<p><i>Harriet Carker</i>, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr.
+Morfin, one of the <i>employ&eacute;s</i> in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant. When
+her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his employer,
+Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to live with
+and cheer her disgraced brother John.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i>
+(1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carle&acute;ton</b> (<i>Captain</i>), an officer in the Guards.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Carlisle</b> (<i>Frederick Howard, earl of</i>), uncle and guardian of lord
+Byron (1748-1826). His tragedies are <i>The Father's Revenge</i> and
+<i>Bellamere</i>.</p>
+
+The paralytic puling of Carlisle...<br>
+Lord, rhymester, <i>petit-maitre</i>, pamphleteer.<br>
+Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i> (1809).<br>
+
+<p><b>Car&acute;los</b>, elder son of don Antonio, and the favorite of his paternal
+uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love with
+Angelina he throws off his diffidence and becomes bold, resolute, and
+manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb.&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>Love
+Makes a Man</i> (1694).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlos</i> (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married
+Ogari&acute;ta, but as the marriage was effected under a false name it was not
+binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne. Carlos was
+a great villain: he murdered a man to steal from him the plans of some
+Californian mines. Then embarking in the <i>Urania</i>, he induced the crew
+to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship. &quot;Gold was the object of
+his desire, and gold he obtained.&quot; Ultimately, his villainies being
+discovered, he was given up to the hands of justice.&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The
+Orphan of the Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlos (Don)</i>, son of Philip II. of Portugal; deformed in person,
+violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlos was to have married
+Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Subsequently he
+expected to marry the arch-duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor
+Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II. settled
+the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring Carlos
+incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the Netherlands
+in a war against his father. He was apprehended and condemned to death,
+but was killed in prison. This has furnished the subject of several
+tragedies: <i>i.e.</i>, Otway's <i>Don Carlos</i> (1672), in English; those of
+J.G. de Campistron (1683) and M.J. de Ch&eacute;nier (1789) in French; J.C.F.
+Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about the same time.</p>
+
+<p><i>Car'los (Don)</i>, the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband of
+Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friendship. After marriage,
+Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos entertain a
+criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo, out of jealousy, has
+Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself.&mdash;Edward Young, <i>The
+Revenge</i> (1721).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carlos (Don)</i>, husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his
+wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtesan, and Victoria, in order to
+recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio,
+and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced Gaspar
+as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the deeds in her
+hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper tore them to
+atoms, and thus Carlos recovered the estate and was rescued from
+impending ruin.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>A Bold Stroke for a Husband</i> (1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carlton</b> (<i>Admiral George</i>), George IV., author of <i>The Voyage
+of&mdash;in search of Loyalty</i>, a poetic epistle (1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carmen</b>, the fisherman's wife who, in Lufcadio Hearn's story
+<i>Chita</i>, adopts the baby dragged by her husband from the surf, and takes
+it to her heart in place of the child she has lost (1889).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carmen (Eschelle)</i>, beautiful, ambitious, and intriguing New York
+society girl.&mdash;Charles Dudley Warner, <i>A Little Journey in the World</i>
+(1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car&acute;milhan,</b> the &quot;phantom ship.&quot; The captain of this ship swore he
+would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious
+vow he was doomed to abide forever and ever captain in the same vessel,
+which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The kobold of
+the phantom ship is named Klabot&acute;erman, a kobold who helps sailors at
+their work, but beats those who are idle. When a vessel is doomed the
+kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and wearing a
+night-cap.</p>
+
+<p><b>Caro,</b> the Flesh or &quot;natural man&quot; personified. Phineas Fletcher says
+&quot;this dam of sin&quot; is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel,
+polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device of a
+mermaid, with the motto, &quot;Hear, Gaze, and Die.&quot;&mdash;<i>The Purple Island</i>,
+vii. (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caroline,</b> queen-consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott
+in <i>The Heart of Midlothian</i>. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in
+the gardens at Richmond, and her majesty promises to intercede with the
+king for Effie Deans's pardon.</p>
+
+<p><b>Caros or Carausius</b>, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The
+emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against the
+Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing to
+excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in A.D.
+287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted all
+attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately
+acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct
+the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this
+work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and
+grandson of Fingal. &quot;The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained like
+a rock left by the ebbing sea.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>The War of Caros</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carpath'ian Wizard</b> (<i>The</i>), Proteus (2 <i>syl</i>.), who lived in the
+island of Car'pathos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could
+change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a
+crook.</p>
+
+<p>[<i>By</i>] the Carpathian wizard's book [<i>crook</i>]. Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 872
+(1634).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carpet</b> (<i>Prince Housain's</i>), a magic carpet, to all appearances
+quite worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any
+part of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called &quot;the
+magic carpet of Tangu,&quot; because it came from Tangu, in Persia.&mdash;<i>Arabian
+Nights</i> (&quot;Prince Ahmed&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><i>Carpet</i> (<i>Solomon's</i>). Solomon had a green silk carpet, on which his
+throne was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to stand
+on; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and spirits on
+the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind where to set
+him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into the air and
+alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds of the air, with
+outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole party.&mdash;Sale, <i>Kor&acirc;n</i>,
+xxvii. (notes).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carpil'lona</b> (<i>Princess</i>), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the
+Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with his
+wife, child, and a foundling boy thrown into a dungeon, and kept there
+for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape; but the
+rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let down snapped
+asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other two lived in
+retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being rescued by a
+fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When the &quot;Humpbacked&quot;
+Prince dethroned the usurper of the Peaceable Islands, Carpillona was
+one of the captives, and the &quot;Humpbacked&quot; Prince wanted to make her his
+wife; but she fled in disguise, and came to the cottage home of
+Sublimus, where she fell in love with his foster-son, who proved to be
+half-brother of the &quot;Humpbacked&quot; Prince. Ultimately, Carpillona married
+the foundling, and each succeeded to a kingdom.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy,
+<i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Carpillona,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'pio</b> (<i>Bernardo del</i>), natural son of don Sancho, and do&ntilde;a
+Ximena, surnamed &quot;The Chaste.&quot; It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew
+Roland at Roncesvall&ecirc;s (4 <i>syl.</i>). In Spanish romance he is a very
+conspicuous figure.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carras'co</b> (<i>Samson</i>), son of Bartholomew Carrasco. He is a
+licentiate of much natural humor, who flatters don Quixote, and
+persuades him to undertake a second tour.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carrier</b> <i>(Martha)</i>, a Salem goodwife, tried and executed for
+witchcraft. To Rev. Cotton Mather's narrative of her crimes and
+punishment is appended this memorandum:</p>
+
+<p>This rampant hag, Martha Carrier, was the person of whom the confessions
+of the witches, and of her own children among the rest, agreed that the
+devil had promised her she should be Queen of Hell.&mdash;Cotton Mather, <i>The
+Wonders of the Invisible World</i> (1693).</p>
+
+<p><b>Carril</b>, the gray-headed, son of Kinfe'na bard of Cuthullin, general
+of the Irish tribes.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carrlllo</b> <i>(Fray)</i> was never to be found in his own cell, according
+to a famous Spanish epigram.</p>
+
+<p>Like Fray Carillo, the only place in which one cannot find him Is his
+own cell.</p>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Spanish Student</i>, i. 5.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'rol,</b> deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'stone</b> <i>(Richard)</i>, cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in
+Chancery interested in the great suit of &quot;Jarndyce <i>v</i>. Jarndyce.&quot;
+Richard Carstone is a &quot;handsome youth, about nineteen, of ingenuous
+face, and with a most engaging laugh.&quot; He marries his cousin Ada, and
+lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In
+the meantime he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession of
+medicine, then by that of law, then by the army; but the rolling stone
+gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies of the sickness of hope
+deferred.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cartaph'ilus,</b> the Wandering Jew of <i>Jewish</i> story. Tradition says
+he was doorkeeper of the judgment-hall, in the service of Pontius
+Pilate, and, as he led our Lord from the judgment-hall, struck Him,
+saying &quot;Get on! Faster, Jesus!&quot; Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, &quot;I
+am going fast, Cartaphilus; but tarry thou till I come again.&quot; After the
+crucifixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who baptized
+Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every century he
+falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man about thirty
+years of age.&mdash;<i>Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of St. Allans</i>.</p>
+
+<p>(This &quot;book&quot; was copied and continued by Matthew Paris, and contains the
+earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip
+Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay, wrote the &quot;rhymed chronicle.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Carter</b> <i>(Mrs. Deborah</i>), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer.&mdash;J. M.
+Morton, <i>A Regular Fix</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'thage</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the
+natives &quot;as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide.&quot; The
+agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose a
+space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa &quot;the
+hide.&quot; (Greek, <i>bursa</i>, &quot;a bull's hide.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>The following is a similar story in Russian history:&mdash;The Yakutsks
+granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass
+with a cow's hide; but the Russians, cutting the hide into strips,
+obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk.</p>
+
+<p><b>Carthage of the North.</b> L&uuml;beck was so called when it was the head of
+the Hanseatic League.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'thon</b>, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was born while Clessammor
+was in flight, and his mother died in childbirth. When he was three
+years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town
+belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away
+safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to
+revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the
+kingdom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon
+was slain by his own father, who knew him not; but when Clessammor
+learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he mourned for him
+three days, and on the fourth he died.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Carthon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Car'ton</b> <i>(Sydney)</i>, a friend of Charles Darnay, whom he personally
+resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but knowing of her
+attachment to Darnay, never attempted to win her. Her friendship,
+however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of his
+friend.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cartouche</b>, an eighteenth century highwayman. He is the French Dick
+Turpin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'rus</b> <i>(Slow)</i>, in Garth's <i>Dispensary</i>, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caryati'des</b> (5 <i>syl</i>.), or <b>Carya'tes (4</b> <i>syl</i>.), female
+figures in Greek costume, used in architecture to support entablatures
+Ca'rya, in Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so
+after the battle of Thermop'ylae, the victorious Greeks destroyed the
+city, slew the men, and made the women slaves, Praxit'el&ecirc;s, to
+perpetuate the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian
+men, for architectural columns.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'ca,</b> a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who
+assassinated Julius C&aelig;sar. He is called &quot;Honest Casca,&quot; meaning
+<i>plain-spoken.</i>&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Julius C&aelig;sar</i> (1607).</p>
+
+<p><b>Casch'casch,</b> a hideous genius, &quot;hunch-backed, lame, and blind of
+one eye; with six horns on his head, and both his hands and feet
+hooked.&quot; The fairy Maimou'n&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.) summoned him to decide which was
+the more beautiful, &quot;the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra,&quot;
+but he was unable to determine the knotty point.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i>
+(&quot;Camaralzaman and Badoura&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Casel'la</b>, a musician and friend of the poet Dant&ecirc;, introduced in
+his <i>Purgatory</i>, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel
+freighted with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for
+paradise; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he &quot;woos to
+sing;&quot; whereupon Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the words of
+[Dant&ecirc;'s] second canzone.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dant&ecirc; shall give Fame leave to set thee higher</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than his Casella, whom he wooed to sing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Met in the milder shades of purgatory.</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Milton, <i>Sonnet</i>, xiii. (To H. Lawes).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Casey</b>, landlord of the tavern on &quot;Red Hoss Mountain&quot; in Eugene
+Field's poem <i>Casey's Table d'H&ocirc;te</i>.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He drifted for a fortune to the undeveloped West,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he come to Eed Hoss Mountain when the little camp was new,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the money flowed like likker, an' the folks wuz brave an'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">true,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, havin' been a stewart on a Mississippi boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He opened up a caffy, 'nd he run a <i>tabble dote</i>.</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">(1889.)</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cas'par,</b> master of the horse to the baron of Arnheim. Mentioned in
+Donnerhugel's narrative.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time,
+Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cas'par</i>, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The
+night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a
+respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of
+the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a
+dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried off his victim to &quot;his own
+place.&quot;&mdash;Weber's opera, <i>Der Freisch&uuml;te</i> (1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cass</b> (<i>Godfrey</i>), young farmer in <i>Silas Marner</i>, by George Eliot.
+Father of the heroine.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassan'dra</b>, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy;
+but Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban &quot;that no one
+should ever believe her predictions.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and
+Cressida</i> (1602).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassel</b> (<i>Count</i>), an empty-headed, heart less, conceited puppy,
+who pays court to Amelia Wildenhaim, but is too insufferable to be endured.
+He tells her he &quot;learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain, enterprise
+in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and love in the wilds
+of America,&quot; for civilized nations have long since substituted intrigue
+for love.&mdash;Inchbald, <i>Lovers' Vows</i> (1800), altered from Kotzebue.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassi</b>, the inhabitants of Hertfordshire or Cassio.&mdash;C&aelig;sar,
+<i>Commentaries</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassib'ellaun</b> or <b>Cassib'elan</b> (probably &quot;Caswallon&quot;), brother
+and successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius C&aelig;sar invaded
+the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his <i>British History</i>, that
+Cassibellaun routed C&aelig;sar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5).
+In C&aelig;sar's second invasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7),
+and &quot;sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows, 100,000
+sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number&quot; (ch. 8). Androg'eus
+(4 <i>syl</i>.) &quot;duke of Trinovantum,&quot; with 5000 men, having joined the Roman
+forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed &quot;to pay 3000 pounds of
+silver yearly in tribute to Rome.&quot; Seven years after this Cassibellaun
+died and was buried at York.</p>
+
+<p>In Shakespeare's <i>Cymbeline</i> the name is called &quot;Cassibelan.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Poly&aelig;nus of Macedon tells us that C&aelig;sar had a huge
+elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back, filled
+with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea,
+Cassivelaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were
+terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were
+able to land without molestation.&mdash;Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii.</p>
+
+There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous emperor-idiot.<br>
+Such is Rome ... hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun.<br>
+<br>
+Tennyson, <i>Boadicea</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cas'silane</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), general of Candy and father of
+Annophel.&mdash;<i>Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassim</b>, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and
+soon became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he
+discovered that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the
+robbers' cave, Cassim took ten mules charged with panniers to carry away
+part of the same booty. &quot;Open Sesam&ecirc;!&quot; he cried, and the door opened. He
+filled his sacks, but forgot the magic word. &quot;Open Barley!&quot; he cried,
+but the door remained closed. Presently the robber band returned, and
+cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcass into four
+parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried
+off the body and had it decently interred.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Ali Baba,
+or the Forty Thieves&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'sio</b> (<i>Michael</i>), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army
+under the command of Othello. Simple minded but not strong-minded, and
+therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will.
+Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he was
+suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration. Iago
+made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the Moor.
+Cassio's &quot;almost&quot; wife was Bianca, his mistress.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i>
+(1611).</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Cassio&quot; is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by his want of
+stubbornness to resist an insidious invitation.&mdash;Dr. Johnson.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassiodo'rus</b> (<i>Marcus Aurelius</i>), a great
+statesman and learned writer of the sixth
+century, who died at the age of one hundred,
+in A.D. 562. He filled many high
+offices under Theod'oric, but ended his
+days in a convent.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Listen awhile to a learned prelection</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">On Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cassiopeia</b>, wife of Ce'pheus (2 <i>syl</i>.)
+king of Ethiopia, and mother of Androm'eda.
+She boasted herself to be fairer than
+the sea-nymphs, and Neptune, to punish
+her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her
+husband's kingdom. At death she was
+made a constellation, consisting of thirteen
+stars, the largest of which form a &quot;chair&quot;
+or imperfect W.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">... had you been</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Sphered up with Cassiopeia.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iv.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cassius</b>, instigator of the conspiracy
+against Julius C&aelig;sar, and friend of Brutus.
+&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Julius Ccesar</i> (1607).</p>
+
+<i>Brutus</i>. The last of all the Romans, fare thee<br>
+well!<br>
+It is impossible that ever Rome<br>
+Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more<br>
+tears<br>
+To this dead man than you shall see me pay.<br>
+I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time.<br>
+Act. v. sc. 3.<br>
+
+<p>Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was
+equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride; thus in
+such parts as &quot;Hamlet,&quot; &quot;Beverley,&quot; &quot;The Stranger,&quot; &quot;Pierre,&quot; &quot;Zanga,&quot;
+and &quot;Cassius,&quot; he looked the men he represented.&mdash;Rev. J. Young, <i>Life
+of G. M. Young</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Hamlet&quot; (Shakespeare); &quot;Beverley&quot; (<i>The Gamester</i>,
+Moore); &quot;The Stranger&quot; (B. Thompson); &quot;Pierre&quot; (<i>Venice Preserved</i>,
+Otway); &quot;Zanga&quot; (<i>Revenge</i>, Young).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cassy</b>, a colored woman, mistress of Legree, in Harriet Beecher
+Stowe's <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>. Disgusted with her master and with her
+life, she befriends another woman, even more helpless than herself, and
+by stratagem and force of will contrives her escape (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Castagnette</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a hero whose stomach was replaced by a
+leather one made by Desgenettes [<i>Da'.ge.net</i>'], but his career was soon
+ended by a bomb-shell, which blew him into atoms,&mdash;Manuel, <i>A French
+Extravaganza</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Casta'lio</b>, son of lord Acasto, and Polydore's twin-brother. Both
+the brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia &quot;the orphan.&quot; The love
+of Polydore was dishonorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and
+married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took
+his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit
+which had been practised on her, and Polydore heard that Monimia was
+really married to his brother, the bride poisoned herself, the adulterer
+ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed himself.&mdash;Otway,
+<i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p>
+
+<p><b>Casta'ra,</b> the lady addressed by Wm. Habington in his poems. She was
+Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became his
+wife. (Latin, <i>casta</i>, &quot;chaste.&quot;)</p>
+
+If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move,<br>
+Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love?<br>
+W. Habington, <i>To Castara</i> (died 1654).<br>
+
+<p>The poetry of Habington shows that he possessed ... a real passion for a
+lady of birth and virtue, the &quot;Castara&quot; whom he afterwards
+married.&mdash;Hallam.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'tlewood</b> (<i>Beatrix</i>), the heroine of <i>Esmond</i>, a novel by
+Thackeray, the &quot;finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty ever
+given to the world.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'tor</b> (<i>Steph'anos</i>), the wrestler.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert
+of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><i>Castor</i>, of classic fable, is the son of Jupiter and Leda, and
+twin-brother of Pollux. The brothers were so attached to each other that
+Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the constellation
+<i>Gemini</i> (&quot;the twins&quot;). Castor and Pollux are called the <i>Dios'curi</i> or
+&quot;sons of Dios,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> Jove.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'triot</b> (<i>George</i>), called by the Turks &quot;Scanderbeg&quot; (1404-1467).
+George Castriot was son of an Albanian prince, delivered as a hostage to
+Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in command
+of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va (1443).</p>
+
+This is the first dark blot<br>
+On thy name, George Castriot.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Wayside Inn</i> (an interlude).</p>
+
+<p><b>Castruc'cio Castraca'ni's Sword.</b></p>
+
+<p>When Victor Emmanuel II went to Tuscany, the path from Lucca to Pistoia
+was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of Pucci'ni met him,
+bearing a sword, and said, &quot;This is the sword of Castruccio Castracani,
+the great Italian soldier, and head of the Ghibelines in the fourteenth
+century. It was committed to our ward and keeping till some patriot
+should arise to deliver Italy and make it free.&quot; Victor Emmanuel,
+seizing the hilt, exclaimed, &quot;<i>Questa &egrave; per me</i>!&quot; (&quot;This is for me.&quot;)
+&mdash;E. B. Browning, <i>The Sword of Castruccio Castracani.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cas'yapa.</b> The father of the immortals, who dwells in the mountain
+called Hemac&ucirc;'ta or Himakoot, under the Tree of Life, is called
+&quot;Casyapa.&quot; Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>. Canto vi. (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cateucla'ni,</b> called <i>Catieuchla'ni</i> by Ptolemy, and <i>Cassii</i> by
+Richard of Cirencester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, and
+Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi.</p>
+
+<p><b>Catgut</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), a caricature of Dr. Arne in <i>The Commissary</i>, by
+Sam. Foote (1765).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'arine,</b> queen-consort of Charles II; introduced by sir W. Scott
+in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>. (See CATHERINE, and also under the letter K.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Cath'arine (St.)</i> of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of girls
+and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St. Jerome says
+she was called Catharine from the Syriac word <i>Kethar</i> or <i>Kathar</i>, &quot;a
+crown,&quot; because she won the triple crown of martyrdom, virginity, and
+wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25, which is her
+<i>f&ecirc;te</i> day.</p>
+
+<p><i>To braid St. Catharine's hair</i> means &quot;to live a virgin.&quot;</p>
+
+Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catharine's<br>
+tresses.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>Evangeline</i> (1848).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'ba,</b> son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king
+of Ireland. He was killed out of jealousy by Duch&ocirc;'mar, and when
+Duch&ocirc;mar told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, &quot;Thou art
+dark to me, Duch&ocirc;mar; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword,
+my foe;&quot; and when he gave it, she &quot;pierced his manly breast,&quot; and he
+died.</p>
+
+<p>Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a
+sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'erine,</b> wife of Mathis, in <i>The Polish Jew</i>, by J. R. Ware.</p>
+
+<p><i>Catherine</i>, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of <i>Washington Square</i>,
+by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace by the dull
+routine of wealthy respectability (1880).</p>
+
+<p><i>Catherine (The countess</i>), usually called &quot;The Countess,&quot; falls in love
+with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at the
+match, but her love is masterful. When the duke her father is told of
+it, he insists on Huon's marrying Catherine, a freed serf, on pain of
+death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him to
+comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes
+himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine
+the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter.&mdash;S. Knowles,
+<i>Love</i> (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'erine of Newport</b>, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 <i>syl.).</i>&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The</i> <i>Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth). (See CATHARINE, and under
+K.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'leen,</b> one of the attendants on Flora M'Ivor.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Waverley</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'lin of Clu'tha,</b> daughter of Cathmol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had
+slain Cathmol in battle, and carried off Cathlin by force, but she
+contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and Oscar
+were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached Rathcol (where
+Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian resigned the command of the battle to his son
+Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the latter fell. The
+victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Carmor to Cathlin, and
+Cathlin said, &quot;Take the mail and place it high in Selma's hall, that you
+may remember the helpless in a distant land.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>Cathlin of
+Clutha</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'mor,</b> younger brother of Cair'bar (&quot;lord of Atha&quot;), but totally
+unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded
+and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having
+inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in
+which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treachery. Cathmore is the second
+hero of the poem called <i>Tem'ora</i>, and falls by the hand of Fingal (bk.
+viii.).</p>
+
+<p>Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar.
+Their souls were not the same. The light of heaven was in the bosom of
+Cathmor. His towers rose on the banks of Atha; seven paths led to his
+halls; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to the
+feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of
+praise.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cath'olic</b> <i>(The).</i> Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III.
+<i>His Catholic Majesty</i> (693, 739-757).</p>
+
+<p>Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called <i>Rus&eacute;</i>, &quot;the
+wily&quot; (1452, 1474-1516).</p>
+
+<p>Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Aragon, so called for her zeal in
+establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474-1504).</p>
+
+<p><b>Catholic Majesty</b> <i>(Catholica Majestad</i>), the special title of the
+kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third
+Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the &quot;Arian heresy.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Cui a Deo &aelig;ternum meritum nisi vero Catholico Recaredo regi? Cui a Deo
+&aelig;terna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Recaredo regi?&mdash;<i>Gregor.</i> <i>Mag.</i>, 127
+and 128.</p>
+
+<p>But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In
+1500 Alexander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and
+Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown.</p>
+
+<p>Ab Alexandro pontifice Ferdinandus &quot;Catholici&quot; cognomentum accepit in
+posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titulos
+principibus dividere pontincibus Romanis datur.&mdash;Mariana, <i>De Rebus
+Hesp</i>., xxvi. 12; see also vii. 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'thos,</b> cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle Gor'gibus, a
+plain citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had
+their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace,
+Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of
+Polix'ena. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider
+their manners too unaffected and easy to be &quot;good style,&quot; so the
+gentlemen send their valets to represent the &quot;marquis of Mascarille&quot; and
+the &quot;viscount of Jodelet.&quot; The girls are delighted with these
+&quot;distinguished noblemen;&quot; but when the game has gone far enough, the
+masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught a useful
+lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill consequences.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re,
+<i>Les Pr&eacute;cieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cathul'la,</b> king of Inistore (<i>the Orkneys</i>) and brother of Coma'la
+(<i>q.v.</i>). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a
+beacon-flame on its top as signal of distress, for Frothal king of Sora
+had besieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single combat,
+defeated him, and made him prisoner.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Carrick-Thura.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cat'iline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Roman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to
+overthrow the Government, and obtain for himself and his followers all
+places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero.
+Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but fell in
+the battle after fighting with desperate daring (B.C. 62). Ben Jonson
+wrote a tragedy called <i>Catiline</i> (1611), and Voltaire, in his <i>Rome
+Sauv&eacute;e</i>, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'to,</b> the hero and title of a tragedy by
+J. Addison (1713). Disgusted with C&aelig;sar,
+Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he
+had a small republic and mimic senate;
+but C&aelig;sar resolved to reduce Utica as he
+had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, finding
+resistance hopeless, fell on his own
+sword.</p>
+
+Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome,<br>
+He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild,<br>
+Compassionate, and gentle to his friends;<br>
+Filled with domestic tenderness.<br>
+Act v. 1.<br>
+
+<p>When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as &quot;Cato,&quot; Bolingbroke called
+him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of
+liberty so well against a perpetual dictator.&mdash;<i>Life of Addison</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>He is a Cato</i>, a man of simple habits, severe morals, strict justice,
+and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like the
+Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who
+resembled him in character and manners.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cato and Hortens'ius.</b> Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia
+daughter of Philip. He allowed her to live with his friend Hortensius,
+and after the death of Hortensius took her back again.</p>
+
+<i>[Sultans]</i> don't agree at all with the wise Roman,<br>
+Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious,<br>
+Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, vi. 7 (1821).</p>
+
+<p><b>Catul'lus.</b> Lord Byron calls Thomas Moore the &quot;British Catullus,&quot;
+referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the
+pseudonym of &quot;Thomas Little.&quot;</p>
+
+'Tis Little! young Catullus of his day,<br>
+As sweet but as immoral as his lay.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i>
+(1809).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Oriental Catullus</i>, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a
+rich merchant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His chief
+works are <i>The Gulistan</i> (or &quot;garden of roses&quot;) and <i>The Bostan</i> (or
+&quot;garden of fruits&quot;) (1176-1291).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cau'dle</b> <i>(Mrs. Margaret</i>), a curtain lecturer, who between eleven
+o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years a
+curtain lecture to her husband Job Caudle, generally a most gentle
+listener; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if he
+did not he was insufferably sulky.&mdash;Douglas Jerrold, <i>Punch</i> (&quot;The
+Caudle Papers&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cau'line</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, a knight who served the wine to the king of
+Ireland. He fell in love with Christabelle (3 <i>syl</i>.), the
+king's-daughter, and she became his troth-plight wife, without her
+father's knowledge. When the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2
+<i>syl</i>.). After a time the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir
+Cauline challenged his rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of
+the wounds he had received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief,
+&quot;burst her gentle hearte in twayne.&quot;&mdash;Percy's <i>Reliques</i>, I. i. 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cau'rus,</b> the stormy west-north-west wind; called in Greek
+<i>Argest&ecirc;s</i>.</p>
+
+The ground by piercing Caurus seared.<br>
+
+<p>Thomson, <i>Castle of Indolence</i>, ii. (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caustic</b>, of the <i>Despatch</i> newspaper, was the signature of Mr.
+Serle.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christopher Caustic</i>, the pseudonym of Thomas Green Fessenden, author
+of <i>Terrible Tractoration</i>, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837).</p>
+
+<p><i>Caustic</i> (<i>Colonel</i>), a fine gentleman of the last century, very severe
+on the degeneracy of the present race.&mdash;Henry Mackenzie, in <i>The
+Lounger</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ca'va,</b> or <i>Florida</i>, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation
+of Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the
+Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cavalier</b> <i>(The).</i> Eon de Beaumont, called by the French <i>Le
+Chevalier d'Eon</i> (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape
+painter (1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called <i>El
+Chavaliere del Cairo</i> (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, <i>Le Chevalier</i>
+(1587-1633). J. Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called <i>Il Cavaliere</i>
+(1569-1625). Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">James Francis Edward Stuart, the</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Old Pretender,&quot; was styled <i>Le Chevalier de St. George</i> (1688-1765).
+Charles Edward, the &quot;Young Pretender,&quot; was styled <i>The Bonnie Chevalier</i>
+or <i>The Young Cavalier</i> (1720-1788).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cavall</b>', &quot;king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth.&quot;&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Idylls
+of the King</i> (&quot;Enid&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cav'endish,</b> author of <i>Principles of Whist</i>, and numerous
+guide-books on games, as <i>B&eacute;zique, Piquet, &Eacute;cart&eacute;, Billiards</i>, etc.
+Henry Jones, editor of &quot;Pastimes&quot; in <i>The Field</i> and <i>The Queen</i>
+newspapers (1831-).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cax'on</b> <i>(Old Jacob</i>), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck (&quot;the
+antiquary&quot;) of Monkbarns.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jenny Caxon</i>, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Caxton</b> <i>(Pisistratus)</i>, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton,
+baron Lytton, author of <i>My Novel</i> (1853); <i>What will He do with it?</i>
+(1859); <i>Caxtoniania</i> (1863); <i>The Boatman</i> (1864).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cecil</b>, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cecil Dreeme</b>, <i>alias</i> Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's
+dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those dearest
+to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her rescuers
+discover the truth.&mdash;Theodore Winthrop, <i>Cecil Dreeme</i> (1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cecilia</b>, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh
+is the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming
+the rival of her dearest friend (1872).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cecilia (St.)</i>, the patroness of musicians and &quot;inventor of the organ.&quot;
+The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for her musical
+skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her husband saw the
+angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom.</p>
+
+Thou seem'st to me like the angel<br>
+That brought the immortal roses<br>
+To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ce'dric,</b> a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed &quot;the Saxon.&quot;&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cel'adon and Ame'lia,</b> lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted
+to each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed,
+but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, &quot;'Tis safety to be near
+thee, sure;&quot; but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and fell
+dead in his arms.&mdash;Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i> (&quot;Summer,&quot; 1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cele'no or Celsae'no,</b> chief of the harpies.</p>
+
+There on a craggy stone<br>
+Celeno hung, and made his direful moan.<br>
+Giles Fletcher, <i>Christ's Triumph [on Earth</i>]<br>
+(1610).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ce'lia,</b> daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of
+Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven from
+her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest of
+Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake Rosalind
+dressed in boy's clothes and called herself &quot;Gan'ymede,&quot; while Celia
+dressed as a peasant girl and called herself &quot;Aliena.&quot; When they
+reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut, and Oliver de
+Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was hurt and could
+not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell in love with each
+other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede resumed the dress of
+Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the same time.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>As You Like It</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ce'lia</i>, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of <i>The School for
+Lovers</i>. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr. Arne.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the uncommon
+symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular vivacity,
+enabled her to represent the character of &quot;Celia&quot; with all the juvenile
+appearance marked by the author.&mdash;Percy, <i>Anecdotes</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ce'lia</i>, a poetical name for any lady-love: as &quot;Would you know my
+Celia's charms ...?&quot; Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when Celia
+is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his &quot;sweet sweeting&quot; Celia; her real
+name is not known.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ce'lia (Dame)</i>, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in the
+hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, <i>coelum</i>,
+&quot;heaven.&quot;)&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, i. 10 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Celia Shaw</b>, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her
+father and his clan intend to &quot;clean out&quot; a family fifteen miles up the
+mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their hut to
+warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful journey, and
+dies of consumption.&mdash;Charles Egbert Craddock, <i>In the Tennessee
+Mountains</i> (1884).</p>
+
+<p><b>C&eacute;lim&egrave;ne</b> (3<i>syl</i>.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 <i>syl</i>.) the
+&quot;misanthrope&quot; (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in
+behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants C&eacute;lim&egrave;ne to
+forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to do,
+and he replies, as you cannot find, &quot;tout en moi, comme moi tout en
+vous, allez, je vous refuse.&quot; He then proposes to her cousin Eliante (3
+<i>syl</i>.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to his friend
+Philinte (2 <i>syl</i>), and so the play ends.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Misanthrope</i>
+(1666).</p>
+
+<p>&quot;C&eacute;lim&egrave;ne&quot; in Moli&egrave;re's <i>Les Pr&eacute;cieuses Ridicules</i> is a mere dummy. She
+is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play, but
+never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance at
+all.</p>
+
+<p><b>Celin'da,</b> the victim of count Fathom's seduction.&mdash;Smollett, <i>Count
+Fathom</i> (1754).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cel'lide</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco.
+The lady naturally prefers the younger man.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher,
+<i>Mons. Thomas</i> (1619).</p>
+
+<p><b>Celtic Homer</b> <i>(The)</i>, Ossian, said to be of the third century.</p>
+
+<p>If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all
+appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and
+beginning of the fourth century.</p>
+
+<p>The &quot;Caracul&quot; of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of Seve'rus
+emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or Carausius ...
+fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish historians place
+his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's son.&mdash;<i>Era of Ossian.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cenci.</b> Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had
+four sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable
+cruelty. It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and
+debauched his daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving
+brothers, with Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and
+accomplished his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on
+the scaffold, September 11, 1501.</p>
+
+<p>It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini palace
+at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido Eeni was the
+painter.</p>
+
+<p>Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called <i>The Cenci</i> (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cenimag'ni,</b> the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and
+Cambridge.&mdash;C&aelig;sar, <i>Commentaries</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Centaur</b> (<i>The Blue</i>), a human form from the waist upwards, and a
+goat covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he
+fed on human flesh.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Shepherds,&quot; said he, &quot;I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me every
+third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my kinsmen and
+drive the Ogri away.&quot; ... He [<i>the Blue Centaur</i>] used to appear on the
+top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a terrible voice
+cry out to the shepherds, &quot;Leave me my prey, and be off with
+you!&quot;&mdash;Comtesse d'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Carpillona,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cen'tury White</b>, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called
+from his chief work, entitled <i>The First Century of Scandalous,
+Malignant Priests, etc.</i> (1590-1645).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ce'phal</b> (Greek, <i>Kephal&ecirc;</i>), the Head personified, the &quot;acropolis&quot;
+of <i>The Purple Island</i>, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by
+Phineas Fletcher (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ceph'alus</b> (in Greek, <i>Kephalos</i>). One day, overcome with heat,
+Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, &quot;Come, gentle
+Aura, and this heat allay!&quot; The words were told to his young wife
+Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously jealous.
+Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a covert, and soon
+saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank, crying aloud, &quot;Come,
+gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat allay!&quot; Her mistake was
+evident, and she was abont to throw herself into the arms of her
+husband, when the young man, aroused by the rustling, shot an arrow into
+the covert, supposing some wild beast was about to spring on him.
+Procris was shot, told her tale, and died.&mdash;Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p>(Cephalus loves Procris, <i>i.e.</i> &quot;the sun kisses the dew.&quot; Procris is
+killed by Cephalus, <i>i.e.</i> &quot;the dew is destroyed by the rays of the
+sun.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ceras'tes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the horned snake. (Greek, <i>keras</i>, &quot;a horn.&quot;)
+Milton uses the word in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 525 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cerberus,</b> a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dant&ecirc;
+places it in the third circle.</p>
+
+Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange,<br>
+Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ...<br>
+His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard,<br>
+His belly large, and clawed the hands with which<br>
+He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs<br>
+Piecemeal disparts.<br>
+
+<p>Dant&ecirc;, <i>Hell</i>, vi. (1300, Cary's translation).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cer'don,</b> the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with
+Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was
+Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the
+Rump army.&mdash;S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 2 (1663).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ceres</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic
+mythology Cer&ecirc;s means &quot;Mother Earth,&quot; the protectress of fruits.</p>
+
+<p><i>Ceres</i>, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the
+observatory of Palermo, and Cer&ecirc;s is the tutelar goddess of Sicily.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cer'imon,</b> a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation Thaisa,
+the wife of Per'icl&ecirc;s, prince of Tyre, supposed to be
+dead.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Pericles Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chab'ot</b> (<i>Philippe de</i>), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne
+and Normandy under Fran&ccedil;ois I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine,
+out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant
+Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and
+Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied
+upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession of
+his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an
+impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject of
+a tragedy entitled <i>The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc.</i>, by George
+Chapman and James Shirley.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chad'band</b> (<i>The Rev. Mr.</i>), type of a canting hypocrite &quot;in the
+ministry.&quot; He calls himself &quot;a vessel,&quot; is much admired by his dupes,
+and pretends to despise the &quot;carnal world,&quot; but nevertheless loves
+dearly its &quot;good things,&quot; and is most self-indulgent.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chaffington</b> (<i>Mr. Percy</i>), M.P., a stockbroker.&mdash;T. M. Morton, <i>If
+I had a Thousand a Year</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chalbroth,</b> the giant, the root of the race of giants, including
+Polypheme (3 <i>syl.</i>), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and
+closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its &quot;week of
+three Thursdays.&quot;&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. (1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chal'ybes</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea,
+who occupied themselves in the working of iron.</p>
+
+On the left hand dwell<br>
+The iron-workers called the Chalyb&ecirc;s,<br>
+Of whom beware.<br>
+E. B. Browning, <i>Prometheus Bound</i> (1850).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cham</b>, the pseudonym of comte Am&eacute;d&eacute;e de No&eacute;, a peer of France, a
+great wit, and the political caricaturist of <i>Charivari</i> (the French
+<i>Punch</i>). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in
+1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so
+Am&eacute;d&eacute;e was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de No&eacute; <i>[Noah].</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cham of Literature</b>, <i>(The Great</i>), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel
+Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cham of Tartary</b>, a corruption of Chan or Khan, <i>i.e.</i> &quot;lord or
+prince,&quot; as Hoccota Chan. &quot;Ulu Chan&quot; means &quot;great lord,&quot; &quot;ulu&quot; being
+equal to the Latin <i>magnus</i>, and &quot;chan&quot; to <i>dominus</i> or <i>imperator</i>.
+Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan, etc.
+The Turks have also had their &quot;Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan Selim chan,&quot;
+<i>i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim prince</i>.&mdash;Selden, <i>Titles
+of Honor</i>, vi. 66 (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cham'berlain</b> <i>(Matthew)</i>, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger
+Raine (1 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles
+II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chamont</b>, brother of Monimia &quot;the orphan,&quot; and the troth-plight
+husband of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud
+and susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself
+up as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her
+honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her
+guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her, and
+draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to prevent
+mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has ill-treated
+her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are again altogether
+erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was like that of a madman
+with fire-brands in a stack-yard.&mdash;Otway, <i>The Orphan</i> (1680).</p>
+
+<p>There are characters in which he <i>[C. M. Young</i>] is unrivalled and
+almost perfect. His &quot;Pierre&quot; [<i>Venice Preserved</i>, Otway] is more
+soldierly than Kemble's; his &quot;Chamont&quot; is full of brotherly pride, noble
+impetuosity, and heroic scorn.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i> (1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>Champagne</b> <i>(Henry earl of</i>), a crusader.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cham'pernel',</b> a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and
+son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 <i>sy</i>).&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The
+Little French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Champion of the Virgin.</b> St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from
+his defence of the &quot;Incarnation&quot; or doctrine of the &quot;hypostatic union,&quot;
+in the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople.</p>
+
+<p><b>Champneys</b> <i>(Sir Geoffry</i>), a fossilized old country gentleman, who
+believes in &quot;blue blood&quot; and the &quot;British peerage.&quot; Father of Talbot,
+and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of
+these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their
+fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to
+abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all ends
+happily.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Champneys</i>, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but
+quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick,
+the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and allow
+her to spend his money.&mdash;H. J. Byron, <i>Our Boys</i> (1875).</p>
+
+<p><i>Talbot Champneys</i>, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name,
+which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the battle
+of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but his father
+wants him to marry Violet the heiress.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chan'ticleer</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the cock, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard
+the Fox</i> (1498), and also in &quot;The Nonne Preste's Tale,&quot; told in <i>The
+Canterbury Tales</i>, by Chaucer (1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chaon'ian Bird</b> <i>(The)</i>, the dove; so called because doves delivered
+the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia.</p>
+
+But the mild swallow none with, toils infest,<br>
+And none the soft Chaonian bird molest.<br>
+Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, ii.<br>
+
+<p><b>Chaonian Food</b>, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona,
+which gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches.
+Beech mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest
+of Dodona.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charalois</b>, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight
+years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by
+him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law which
+then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by his
+creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his
+father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the
+marshal's.&mdash;Philip Massinger, <i>The Fatal Dowry</i> (1632).</p>
+
+<p>(It will be remembered that Milti'ad&ecirc;s, the Athenian general, died in
+prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would
+not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a
+hostage.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Char'egite</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a
+Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of
+Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to stab
+the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the assassin
+on the spot.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charicle'ia,</b> the <i>fianc&eacute;e</i> of Theag'en&ecirc;s, in the Greek romance
+called <i>The Loves of Theagen&ecirc;s and Charicleia</i>, by Heliodo'ros bishop of
+Trikka (fourth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chari'no,</b> father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry
+Clodio, a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos,
+a young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos,
+and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a testy,
+obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own way.&mdash;C.
+Cibber, <i>Love Makes the Man</i> (1694).</p>
+
+<p><b>Char'lemagne and His Paladins.</b> This series of romances is of French
+origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the
+legendary chronicle in verse, called <i>Historia de Vita Carola Magni et
+Rolandi</i>, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims (a
+contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three hundred
+years later. The chief of the series are <i>Huon of Bordeaux, Guerin de
+Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore</i> (in which Charlemagne and his paladins proceed
+in mufti to the Holy Land), <i>Miles and Ames</i>,
+<i>Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais</i>, and <i>Maugis
+the Enchanter</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne and the Ring</i>. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell in
+love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed bewitched,
+insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him; but the girl
+died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the astonishment of
+the court to find that the king seemed no less bewitched with the dead
+body than he had been with the living, and spent all day and night with
+it, even when its smell was quite offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt
+convinced there was sorcery in this strange infatuation, and on
+examining the body, found a ring under the tongue, which he removed.
+Charlemagne now lost all regard for the dead body; but followed Turpin,
+with whom, he seemed infatuated. The archbishop now bethought him of the
+ring, which he threw into a pool at Aix, where Charlemagne built a
+palace and monastery, and no spot in the world had such attractions for
+him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where &quot;the ring&quot; was buried.&mdash;<i>Recherches de la
+France</i>, vi. 33.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne and Years of Plenty</i>. According to German legend,
+Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a
+golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards.</p>
+
+Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,<br>
+Upon thy bridge of gold.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>Autumn</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne not dead</i>. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned and
+armed in Odenberg <i>(Hesse)</i> or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till the time
+of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom. (See
+BARBAROSSA.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne's Nine Wives</i>: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who bore
+him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3) Hildegarde.
+(4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5) Luitgarde the
+German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde. (7) Gersuinde
+the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne's Stature</i>. We are told that Charlemagne was &quot;eight feet
+high,&quot; and so strong that he could &quot;straighten with his hands alone
+three horseshoes at once.&quot; His diet and his dress were both as simple as
+possible.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlemagne's Sword</i>, La Joyeuse.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlemagne of Servia</b>, Stephen Dushan.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles</b> &quot;the Bold,&quot; duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in
+two novels, viz., <i>Quentin Durward</i> and <i>Anne of Geierstein.</i> The latter
+novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles was
+slain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles</i> prince of Wales (called &quot;Babie Charles&quot;), son of James I.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles</i> &quot;the Good,&quot; earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that
+whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married a
+serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his death,
+and the death of the best blood in Bruges.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Provost of
+Bruges</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles II.</b> of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels,
+viz., <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> and <i>Woodstock</i>. In this latter he appears
+first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis Kerneguy
+(Albert Lee's page).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles IX.</b> of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de
+Medici, he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles XII.</b> of Sweden. &quot;Determined to brave the seasons, as he had
+done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during the
+cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two
+thousand of his men died from the cold.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>(Planch&eacute; has an historical drama, in two acts, called <i>Charles XII</i>.;
+and the <i>Life of Charles XII</i>., by Voltaire, is considered to be one of
+the best written historical works in the French language.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles Edward [Stuart],</b> called &quot;The Chevalier Prince Charles
+Edward, the Young Pretender,&quot; introduced by sir W. Scott in
+<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.), first as &quot;father Bonaventure,&quot; and
+afterwards as &quot;Pretender to the British crown.&quot; He is again introduced
+in <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles Emmanuel</b>, son of Victor Amade'us (4 <i>syl</i>.) king of
+Sardinia. In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his
+son to restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor
+plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he
+died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.&mdash;R.
+Browning, <i>King Victor and King Charles, etc</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charles Knollys</b>, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse
+on his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young
+and beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.&mdash;J. S. of Dale
+(Frederic Jesup Stimson), <i>Mrs. Knollys</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charley</b>, plu. <i>Charlies</i>, an old watchman or &quot;night guardian,&quot;
+before the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829.
+So called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charley Keene</b>, merry little doctor in <i>The Grandissimes</i>, in love
+with the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlie</b>, <i>alias</i> &quot;Injin Charlie,&quot; <i>alias</i> &quot;Old Charlie,&quot; a &quot;dark
+white man&quot; in <i>Belles Demoiselles' Plantation</i>, by George W. Cable.
+&quot;Sunk in the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at
+least, unmerciful&quot; (1879).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chariot</b>, a messenger from Li&euml;ge to Louis XI&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlotte</b>, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to
+have perished at sea.&mdash;Geo. Lillo, <i>Fatal Curiosity</i> (1736).</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte</i>, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir
+Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful
+alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, &quot;Han, hi,
+han, hon.&quot; The &quot;mock doctor&quot; employs Leander as his apothecary, and the
+young lady is soon cured by &quot;pills matrimoniac.&quot; In Moli&egrave;re's <i>Le
+M&eacute;decin Malgr&eacute; Lui</i> Charlotte is called &quot;Lucinde.&quot; The jokes in act ii.
+6 are verbally copied from the French.&mdash;H. Fielding, <i>The Mock Doctor</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte</i>, daughter of sir John Lambert, in <i>The Hypocrite</i>, by Is.
+Bickerstaff (1768); in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of
+tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell, who
+is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat
+sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her
+constant exclamation is &quot;Lud!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In Moli&egrave;re's comedy of <i>Tartuffe</i> Charlotte is called &quot;Mariane,&quot; and
+Darnley is &quot;Val&egrave;re.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte</i>, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her father
+was &quot;state coachman.&quot; Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller, and behaves
+rudely to her (see act ii. 3).&mdash;Benjamin Thompson, <i>The Stranger</i>
+(1797).</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte</i>, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl, who
+ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver
+Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte</i>, a fugitive slave whose hairbreadth escapes are narrated in
+J. T. Trowbridge's story of <i>Neighbor Jackwood</i> (1857).</p>
+
+<p><i>Charlotte (Lady)</i>, the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the
+airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her own
+and other households address her as &quot;Your ladyship,&quot; or &quot;lady
+Charlotte;&quot; but though so mighty grand, she is &quot;noted for a plaguy pair
+of thick legs.&quot;&mdash;Rev. James Townley, <i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1759).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlotte Corday</b>, devoted patriot of the French Revolution.
+Believing Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the
+bath; was arrested and guillotined.</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlotte Elizabeth</b>, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna,
+author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlotte Goodchild</b>, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune.
+She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she has
+lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her
+suitors but one depart, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan, who
+declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve, but
+before he loved her &quot;with fear and trembling, like a man that loves to
+be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun.&quot;&mdash;C. Macklin, <i>Love-&agrave;-la-mode</i>
+(1779).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charlotte Temple</b>, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose
+seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely
+death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by &quot;Mrs.
+Rowson.&quot; Charlotte Temple is buried in Trinity church-yard, New York.</p>
+
+<p><b>Char'mian,</b> a kind-hearted, simple-minded attendant on Cleopatra.
+After the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm, and
+when the, Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down dead.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Antony and Cleopatra</i> (1608).</p>
+
+<p><b>Char'teris</b> <i>(Sir Patrick</i>), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chartist Clergyman</b> <i>(The)</i>, Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Charyllis</b>, in Spenser's pastoral <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>,
+is lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six
+daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble
+houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his
+satirical fable called <i>Mother Hubbard's Tale</i> (1591). She was thrice
+married; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was Robert
+lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his father in
+1608 as earl of Dorset.</p>
+
+No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,<br>
+The honor of the noble family<br>
+<br>
+Of which I meanest boast myself to be,...<br>
+Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:<br>
+Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,<br>
+The next to her is bountiful Charyllis.<br>
+
+<p><i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chaste</b> <i>(The)</i>, Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835
+abdicated, died 842).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chatookee</b>, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but
+catches the raindrops in falling.&mdash;<i>Account of the Baptist
+Missionaries</i>, ii. 309.</p>
+
+Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird,<br>
+Who never dips in earthly streams her bill,<br>
+But, when the sound of coming showers is heard,<br>
+Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill.<br>
+
+<p>Southey, <i>Curse of Kehama</i>, xxi. 6 (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chat'tanach</b> <i>(M'Gillie)</i>, chief of the clan Chattan.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chat'terley</b> <i>(Rev. Simon</i>), &quot;the man of religion&quot; at the Spa, one
+of the managing committee.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chaubert</b> <i>(Mons.)</i>, Master Chaffinch's cook.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chaucer of France</b>, Cl&eacute;ment Marot (1484-1544).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chau'nus,</b> Arrogance personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas
+Fletcher (1633). &quot;Fondly himself with praising he dispraised.&quot; Fully
+described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>chaunos</i>, &quot;vain&quot;.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheat'ly</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia
+(Whitefriars). He dares not leave the &quot;refuge&quot; by reason of debt; but in
+the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to money, and
+becomes bound for them.&mdash;Shadwell, <i>Squire of Alsatia</i> (1688).</p>
+
+<p><b>Che'bar,</b> the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of
+Bethany.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, xii. (1771).</p>
+
+<p>Ched'eraza'de (5 <i>syl</i>.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer,
+sultan of Cassimir. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced
+marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the
+sultana pined away and died.&mdash;Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], <i>Tales of the
+Genii</i> (&quot;Princess of Cassimir,&quot; tale vii., 1751).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheder'les</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a
+virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank of
+the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any who
+invoke it.</p>
+
+When Chederl&ecirc;s conies<br>
+To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse,<br>
+... as <i>[if]</i> he had newly quaffed<br>
+The hidden waters of eternal youth.<br>
+Southey, <i>Joan of Arc</i>, vi. 302, etc. (1837).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cheeney</b> <i>(Frank)</i>, an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate
+Tyson.&mdash;Wybert Reeve, <i>Parted</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheerly'</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married
+three years, she was left a widow, young, handsome, rich, lively, and
+gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall, an
+open-hearted, impulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her, and
+followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story,
+misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to
+hush-money; but his character was amply vindicated, and &quot;the soldier's
+daughter&quot; became his blooming wife.&mdash;Cherry, <i>The Soldier's Daughter</i>
+(1804).</p>
+
+<p>Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her <i>d&eacute;but</i> at the Theatre
+Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as &quot;The Widow Cheerly.&quot;&mdash;W. Donaldson.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheeryble Brothers</b> <i>(The)</i>, brother Ned and brother Charles, the
+incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent, and
+kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets barefooted,
+and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were ever ready to
+stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against the buffets of
+fortune.</p>
+
+<p><i>Frank Cheeryble</i>, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate
+Nickleby.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheese</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, an English translation of the Latin <i>Dr. Caseus</i>,
+that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of
+Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chemistry</b> <i>(The Father of</i>, Arnaud do Villeneuve (1238-1314)).</p>
+
+<p><b>Che'mos</b> <i>(ch = k)</i>, god of the Moabites; also called Baal-Pe'&ouml;r;
+the Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple
+to this obscene idol &quot;in the hill that is before Jerusalem&quot; (1 <i>Kings</i>
+xi. 7). In the hierarchy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank:
+(1) Satan, (2) Be&euml;lzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos.</p>
+
+<p>Next Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Pe&ouml;r his other name.</p>
+
+<i>Paradise Lost</i>, 406, 412 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cheney</b>, a mighty hunter in the northern woods, whose story is told
+in <i>The Adirondack</i>, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cherone'an</b> <i>(The)</i> or THE CHERONE'AN SAGE <i>(ch = k)</i>, Plutarch, who
+was born at Chaerone'a, in Boeo'tia (A.D. 46-120).</p>
+
+This praise, O Cheronean sage, is thine.<br>
+Beattie, <i>Minstrel</i> (1773).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cher'ry,</b> the lively daughter of Boniface, landlord of the inn at
+Lichfield.&mdash;Geo.</p>
+
+<p>Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1705). (See CHERY.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Cherry (Andrew)</i>, comic actor and dramatist (1762-1812), author of <i>The
+Soldier's Daughter. All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow. The Village,
+Spanish Dollars</i>, etc. He was specially noted for his excellent wigs.</p>
+
+Shall sapient managers new scenes produce<br>
+From Cherry, Skeffington, and <i>Mother Goose?</i><br>
+Byron, <i>English Bards and Scotch Reviewers</i><br>
+(1809).<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>Mother Goose</i> is a pantomime by C. Dibdin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cher'ubim</b> (<i>Don</i>), the &quot;bachelor of Salamanca,&quot; who is placed in a
+vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate with
+all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire and wit
+in every direction.&mdash;Lesage, <i>The Bachelor of Salamanca</i> (1737).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cher'y,</b> the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother),
+married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his
+cousin the three wonderful things: <i>The dancing water</i>, which had the
+power of imparting beauty; <i>the singing apple</i>, which had the power of
+imparting wit; and <i>the little green bird</i>, which had the power of
+telling secrets.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;The Princess
+Fairstar,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ches'ter</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn
+enemy of Geoffrey Haredale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is
+the father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edward Chester</i>, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chesterfield</b> (<i>Charles</i>), a young man of genius, the hero and title
+of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to
+satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure
+authors, editors, and publishers as profligate, selfish, and corrupt.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chesterton</b> (<i>Paul</i>), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker
+and M.P.&mdash;T.M. Morton, <i>If I had a Thousand a Year</i> (1764-1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chevalier d'Industrie,</b> a man who lives by his wits and calls
+himself a &quot;gentleman.&quot;</p>
+
+Denicheur de fauvettes, chevalier de l'ordre de<br>
+l'industrie, qui va chercher quelque bon nid,<br>
+quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune.&mdash;<i>Gongam</i><br>
+ou <i>L'Homme Prodigieux</i> (1713).<br>
+
+<p><b>Chevalier Malfet</b> (<i>Le</i>), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he
+was cured of his madness. The meaning of the phrase is &quot;The knight who
+has done ill,&quot; or &quot;The knight who has trespassed.&quot;&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 20 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cheveril</b> (<i>Hans</i>), the ward of Mordent, just come of age.
+Impulsive, generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns
+to be a villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna &quot;the
+deserted daughter,&quot; and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the
+clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her.&mdash;Holcroft, <i>The
+Deserted Daughter</i> (altered into <i>The Steward</i>).</p>
+
+The part that placed me [<i>Walter Lacy</i>] in the<br>
+position of a light comedian was &quot;Cheveril,&quot; in<br>
+<i>The Steward</i>, altered from Holcroft's <i>Deserted<br>
+Daughter.</i>&mdash;W. Lacy, <i>Letter to W.C. Russell</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Chibia'bos,</b> the Harmony of Nature personified; a musician, the
+friend of Hiawatha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on
+his pipe, the &quot;brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the
+squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat upright to look and listen.&quot;
+He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice.</p>
+
+Most beloved by Hiawatha<br>
+Was the gentle Chibiabos;<br>
+He the best of all musicians,<br>
+He the sweetest of all singers.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>Hiawatha</i>, vi. and xv.<br>
+
+<p><i>Chibiabos</i>, venerable chief in <i>The Myth of Hiaiwatha and Other Oral
+Legends of North American Indians</i>, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1856).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chicaneau</b> <i>(She'.ka.no')</i>, a litigious tradesman in <i>Les
+Plaideurs</i>, by Racine, (1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chich'i-Vache</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a monster that fed only on good women.
+The word means the &quot;sorry cow.&quot; It was all skin and bone, because its
+food was so extremely scarce. (See BYCORN.)</p>
+
+O noble wyv&ecirc;s, full of heigh prudence,<br>
+Let noon humilitie your tong&ecirc;s nayle.,<br>
+Lest Chichi-Vache you swalwe in her entraile.<br>
+<br>
+Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;Clerk's Tale,&quot; 1388).<br>
+
+<p><b>Chick</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, brother-in-law of Mr. Dombey; a stout gentleman,
+with a tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr.
+Chick is somewhat henpecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though
+apparently beaten, he not unfrequently rises up the superior and gets
+his own way.</p>
+
+<p><i>Louisa Chick</i>, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish
+temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded that
+anything can be accomplished if persons will only &quot;make an effort.&quot;&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chicken</b> <i>(The)</i>, Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called
+because in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, &quot;I deliver this opinion
+with great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Chicken</i> (<i>The Game</i>), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the
+Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing,
+betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead, a
+broken nose, and &quot;a considerable tract of bare and sterile country
+behind each ear.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chickens and the Augurs.</b> When the augurs told Publius Claudius
+Pulcher, the Roman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian
+fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, &quot;Then toss
+them into the sea, that they may drink.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Chick'enstalker</b> (<i>Mrs</i>.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who
+keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married to
+Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i>
+(1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chick'weed</b> (<i>Conkey, i.e. Nosey</i>), the man who robbed himself. He
+was a licensed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he
+had been robbed of 327 guineas &quot;by a tall man with a black patch over
+his eye.&quot; He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on
+his behalf. A detective was sent to examine into the &quot;robbery,&quot; and
+Chickweed would cry out, &quot;There he is!&quot; and run after the &quot;hypothetical
+thief&quot; for a considerable distance, and then lose sight of him. This
+occurred over and over again, and at last the detective said to him,
+&quot;I've found out who done this here robbery.&quot; &quot;Have you?&quot; said Chickweed.
+&quot;Yes,&quot; said Spyers, &quot;you done it yourself.&quot; And so he had.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Oliver Twist</i>, xxxi. (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chif'finch</b> (<i>Master Thomas</i>), <i>alias</i> Will Smith, a friend of
+Richard Ganlesse (2 <i>syl</i>.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was
+employed by the duke of Buckingham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to
+Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kate Chiffinch</i>, mistress of Thomas Chiffinch.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril
+of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chignon</b> <i>[Shin.yong]</i>, the French valet of Miss Alscrip &quot;the
+heiress.&quot; A silly, affected, typical French valet-de-chambre.&mdash;General
+Burgoyne, <i>The Heiress</i> (1718).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chi'lax,</b> a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in
+Paphos.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p>
+
+<p><b>Child</b> (<i>The</i>), Bettina, daughter of Maximiliane Brentano. So called
+from the title of her book, <i>Goethe's Correspondence with a Child</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Child of Nature</b> (<i>The</i>), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the
+&quot;child of Nature.&quot; She was the daughter of Alberto, banished &quot;by an
+unjust sentence,&quot; and during his exile he left his daughter under the
+charge of the marquis Almanza. Amantis was brought up in total ignorance
+of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but felt grateful
+to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she called &quot;gratitude&quot;
+the world calls &quot;love.&quot; Her father returned home rich, his sentence
+cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time to give his daughter
+in marriage to his friend Almanza.</p>
+
+<p><b>Childe Harold</b>, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to
+place, to kill time and escape from himself. The &quot;childe&quot; is, in fact,
+lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem,
+which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the &quot;childe&quot; visits
+Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in
+canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816); and in canto iv. Venice,
+Rome, and Florence (1817).</p>
+
+<p>(&quot;Childe&quot; is a title of honor, about tantamount to &quot;lord,&quot; as childe
+Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, childe Childers,
+etc.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Chil'ders</b> (<i>E.W.B.</i>), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted
+for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the &quot;Wild
+Huntsman of the Prairies.&quot; This compound of groom and actor marries
+Josephine, Sleary's daughter.</p>
+
+<p><i>Kidderminster Childers</i>, son of the above, known in the profession as
+&quot;Cupid.&quot; He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner
+wholly beyond his years.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Hard Times</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Children</b> (<i>The Henneberg</i>). It is said that the countess of
+Henneberg railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning
+on the countess, who was forty-two years old, said, &quot;May you have as
+many children as there are days in a year,&quot; and sure enough, on Good
+Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth; all the males
+were christened <i>John</i>, and all the females <i>Elizabeth</i>. They were
+buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in which
+they were baptized.</p>
+
+<p><b>Children in the Wood</b>, the little son (three years old) and younger
+daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the care
+of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have &pound;300 a year on
+coming of age, and the girl &pound;500 as a wedding portion; but if the
+children died in their minority the money was to go to the uncle. The
+uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder the
+children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then,
+instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Wayland Wood, where they
+gathered blackberries, but died at night with cold and terror. All
+things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and the ruffian,
+after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole villainy.&mdash;Percy,
+<i>Reliques</i>, III. ii. 18.</p>
+
+<p><b>Children of the Mist</b>, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild
+race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in
+pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14).&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chillip</b> (<i>Dr</i>.), a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the
+birth of David.</p>
+
+<p>He was the meekest of his set, the mildest of little men.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>David Copperfield</i>, i. (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chillon</b>' (<i>Prisoner of</i>) Fran&ccedil;ois de Bonnivard, of Lunes, the
+Genevese patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III.
+(the duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was
+cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six
+years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died on the
+battle-field; one was burnt at the stake, and three were imprisoned at
+Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but Fran&ccedil;ois was set at liberty by
+the people of Berne.&mdash;Byron, <i>Prisoner of Chillon</i> (1816).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chim&egrave;ne</b> (<i>La Belle</i>) or Xime'na, daughter of count Lozano de
+Gormaz, wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she defended Valentia
+from the Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and
+Guihem de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the <i>r&ocirc;le</i>
+they represent her to have taken is wholly imaginary.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chinaman</b> (<i>John</i>), a man of China.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chindasuin'tho</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred,
+and grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings.&mdash;Southey,
+<i>Roderick, etc</i>. (1814).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chinese Philosopher</b> (<i>A</i>). Oliver Goldsmith, in the <i>Citizen of the
+World</i>, calls his book &quot;Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in
+London to his Friends in the East&quot; (1759).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chingachgook</b>, the Indian chief, called in French <i>Le Gros Serpent</i>.
+Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels, <i>The
+Last of the Mohicans. The Pathfinder. The Deerslayer</i>, and <i>The
+Pioneer</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chintz</b> (<i>Mary</i>), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem
+Miller.&mdash;C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chi'os</b> (<i>The Man of</i>), Homer, who lived at Chios [<i>Ki'.os</i>]. At
+least Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard,
+according to the Latin hexameter verse:</p>
+
+Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios,<br>
+Argos, Athenae.&mdash;Varro.<br>
+
+<p><b>Chirn'side</b> (<i>Luckie</i>), poulterer at Wolf's Hope village.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chi'ron</b>, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine,
+music, gymnastics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupils Achilles,
+Peleus, Diomede, and indeed all the most noted heroes of Grecian story.
+Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the constellation
+<i>Sagittarius</i>.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">... as Chiron erst had done</span><br>
+To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">son [<i>Achilles</i>].</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, v. (1612).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Chirrup</b> (<i>Betsey</i>), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the
+misanthrope.&mdash;W. Brough, <i>A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chita</b>, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in
+Lufcadio Hearn's <i>Chita: A Memory of Last Island</i>. The little one is
+dragged from her dead mother's neck while she has still the strength to
+cry out &quot;<i>Maman! maman</i>!&quot; and borne through the surf by the fisherman
+Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble
+pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of
+yellow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father
+(1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chitling</b> (<i>Tom</i>), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom
+Chitling was always most deferential to the &quot;Artful Dodger.&quot;&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chivalry</b> (<i>The Flower of</i>), William Douglas, lord of Liddesdale
+(fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chlo'e</b> [<i>Klo'.e</i>], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the
+pastoral romance called <i>Daphnis and Chlo&eacute;</i>, by Longus. St. Pierre's
+tale of <i>Paul and Virginia</i> is based on this pastoral.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chloe</i> or rather <i>Cloe</i>. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723).</p>
+
+<p><i>Chloe (Aunt)</i>, the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher
+Stowe's famous book <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>. She hires herself out to a
+pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is &quot;sold South.&quot; Her
+exhortation, &quot;Think o' your marcies, chillen! think o' your marcies!&quot; is
+sincere, yet when Tom quotes, &quot;Pray for them that despitefully use you,&quot;
+she sobs out, &quot;Lor'! it's too tough! I <i>can't</i> pray for 'em!&quot; (1852.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Chloe</i> (<i>Aunt</i>), &quot;a homeless widow, of excellent Vermont intentions and
+high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most difficult of human tasks,
+the training of another woman's child.... She held it to be the first
+business of any woman who undertook the management of a literary family
+like her brother's to attend properly to its digestion.&quot;&mdash;Elizabeth
+Stuart Phelps, <i>The Story of Avis</i> (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chlo'ris,</b> the ancient Greek name of Flora.</p>
+
+Around your haunts<br>
+The laughing Chloris with profusest hand<br>
+Throws wide her blooms and odors.<br>
+Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Choe'reas</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the lover of Callirrho&ecirc;, in the Greek romance
+called <i>The Loves of Choereas and Callirrho&ecirc;</i>, by Char'iton (eighth
+century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Choke</b> (<i>General</i>), a lank North American gentleman, &quot;one of the
+most remarkable men in the country.&quot; He was editor of <i>The Watertoast
+Gazette</i>, and a member of &quot;The Eden Land Corporation.&quot; It was general
+Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious
+Eden swindle.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cholmondeley</b> [<i>Chum'.ly</i>], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Choppard</b> (<i>Pierre</i>), one of the gang of thieves, called &quot;The Ugly
+Mug.&quot; When asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, &quot;I'll ask
+my wife, my memory's so slippery.&quot;&mdash;Edward Stirling, <i>The Courier of
+Lyons</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chriemhil'da.</b> (See under K.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Chrisom Child</b> (<i>A</i>), a child that dies within a month of its birth.
+So called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with <i>chrism</i>
+(oil and balm) worn at its baptism.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;He's in Arthur's [<i>Abraham's</i>] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's
+bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had been any christom
+[<i>chrisom</i>] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide.&quot;
+(Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.)&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Henry
+V</i>. act ii. sc. 3 (1599).</p>
+
+Why, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism child.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Jean Ingelow, <i>Brothers and a Sermon</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Chris'tabel</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the
+same title by Coleridge.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christabel</i>, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled <i>Sir Eglamour
+of Artois</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Christabelle</b> [<i>Kris.'ta.bel</i>], daughter of &quot;a bonnie king of
+Ireland,&quot; beloved by sir Cauline (2 <i>syl</i>.). When the king knew of their
+loves he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle
+drooped the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of
+which was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day
+came a giant with two &quot;goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear,&quot;
+called the Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his
+challenge save the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his
+adversary, but died himself of the wounds he had received. When it was
+discovered that the knight was sir Cauline, the lady &quot;fette a sighe,
+that burst her gentle hearte in twayne.&quot;&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i> (&quot;Sir
+Cauline,&quot; I. i. 4).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christian</b>, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called <i>The Pilgrim's
+Progress</i>. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the
+Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders,
+which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The pack,
+of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood of the
+cross. 1678.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Christian</i>, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch.&mdash;<i>Acts</i>
+xi. 26.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christian</i>, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which
+Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's
+daughter.&mdash;J. R. Ware, <i>The Polish Jew</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christian</i>, synonym of &quot;<i>Peasant</i>&quot; in Russia. This has arisen from the
+abundant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great, to
+prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan masters.
+No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and no
+Mohammedan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Christian II</i>. (or <i>Christiern</i>), king of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
+When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose Gustavus
+Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which the Swedes
+were victorious; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return to their
+country. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an independent
+kingdom.&mdash;H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i> (1730).</p>
+
+<p><i>Chris'tian (Edward)</i>, a conspirator. He has two <i>aliases</i>, &quot;Richard
+Gan'lesse&quot; (2 <i>syl</i>.) and &quot;Simon Can'ter.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Colonel William Christian</i>, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fenella</i> alias <i>Zarah Christian</i>, daughter of Edward Christian.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Christian</i> (<i>Fletcher</i>), mate of the <i>Bounty</i>, under the command of
+captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain
+and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and,
+according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island of
+Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Here Torquil, one of the
+mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to
+capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in a
+cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is not
+according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and then,
+with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed for
+Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed his name
+to John Adams, and became a model patriarch.&mdash;Byron, <i>The Island</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Christian Doctor</b> (<i>Most</i>), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christian Eloquence</b> (<i>The Founder of</i>), Louis Bourdaloue
+(1632-1704).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christian King</b> (<i>Most</i>). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin
+<i>le Bref</i> was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. <i>le
+Chauve</i> was so styled by the Council of Savonni&egrave;res (823, 840-877).
+Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christian'a</b> (<i>ch = k</i>), the wife of Christian, who started with her
+children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her husband's
+flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and went,
+therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This forms the
+second part of Bunyan's <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i> (1684).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chris'tie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of
+Julian Avenel (2 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Monastery</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Chris'tie</i> (<i>John</i>), ship-chandler at Paul's wharf.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dame Nelly Christie</i>, his pretty wife, carried off by lord
+Dalgarno.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christi'na,</b> daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and
+Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus
+Vasa; but the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend. After
+the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus, Christina
+clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his behalf. He is sent
+back to Denmark, with all his men, without ransom, but abdicates, and
+Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom.&mdash;H. Brooke, <i>Gustavus Vasa</i>
+(1730).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christina Purcell</b>, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and
+frank innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shadows glooming over
+outcast &quot;Nixy&quot; in <i>Hedged In.</i></p>
+
+<p>She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered if
+the lady here and the white daughter were religious; if it were because
+people were white and religious that they all turned her from their
+doors,&mdash;then, abruptly, how <i>she</i> would look sitting in the light of a
+porcelain lamp, with a white sack on.&mdash;Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, <i>Hedged
+In</i> (1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chris'tine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service
+of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the
+recapture of Ernest (&quot;the prisoner of state&quot;), she goes boldly to king
+Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty,
+Ernest marries the countess.&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The Prisoner of State</i>
+(1847).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christine Dryfoos</b>, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made
+man in W. D. Howells's <i>A Hazard of New Fortunes</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p>She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her father's
+fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money gives to
+ignorance. She is madly in love with Beaton, whose attentions have
+raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last meeting
+she felt him more than life to her, and knew him lost, and the frenzy
+that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vitriol to destroy
+the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless soul....
+She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at the face
+he bent towards her.</p>
+
+<p><b>Christmas Treasures.</b> Eugene Field, in <i>A Little Book of Western
+Verse</i>, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as</p>
+
+The little toy my darling knew,<br>
+A little sock of faded hue,<br>
+A little lock of golden hair,<br>
+
+<p>all that remains to him who,</p>
+
+As he lisped his evening prayer<br>
+Asked the boon with childish grace,<br>
+Then, toddling to the chimney-place,<br>
+He hung his little stocking there.<br>
+
+<p>(1889.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Chris'topher</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said
+to have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body
+was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offerus
+made a vow to serve only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was
+&quot;the mightiest,&quot; he entered his service. But one day the emperor crossed
+himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that there was
+one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his service for that
+of the devil. After awhile. Offerus discovered that the devil was afraid
+of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ, employing himself in
+carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day, a very small child was
+carried across by him, but proved so heavy that Offerus, though a huge
+giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight. This child was Jesus, who
+changed the giant's name to <i>Christoferus</i>, &quot;bearer of Christ.&quot; He died
+three days afterwards, and was canonized.</p>
+
+Like the great giant Christopher, it stands<br>
+Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Lighthouse</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Christopher Wright</b>, otherwise &quot;Uncle Christopher,&quot; is the
+consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six
+daughters, in <i>Clovernook</i>, by Alice Cary (1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>Christ's Victory and Triumphs,</b> a poem in four parts, by Giles
+Fletcher (1610): Part i. &quot;Christ's Victory in Heaven,&quot; when He
+reconciled Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human
+flesh; part ii. &quot;Christ's Triumph on Earth,&quot; when He was led up into the
+wilderness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition; part
+iii. &quot;Christ's Triumph over Death,&quot; when He died on the Cross; part iv.
+&quot;Christ's Triumph after Death,&quot; in His resurrection and ascension. (See
+PARADISE REGAINED.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Chroniclers</b> <i>(Anglo-Norman)</i>, a series of writers on British
+history in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gaimar wrote his
+Anglo-Norman chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the
+Anglo-Saxon kings. Robert Wace wrote the <i>Brut d'Angleterre [i.e.,
+Chronicle of England</i>] in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work
+to Henry II. It was begun in 1160 and finished in 1170.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chroniclers (Latin)</i>, historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth
+centuries.</p>
+
+<p><i>Chroniclers (Rhyming)</i>, a series of writers on English history, from
+the thirteenth century. The most noted are: Layamon (called &quot;The English
+Ennius&quot;) bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of Gloucester, who
+wrote a narrative of British history from the landing of Brute to the
+close of the reign of Henry III. (to 1272). No date is assigned to the
+coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius Aene'as (the third
+generation from &AElig;neas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183), so that the
+date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope of 2300 years
+to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight and six
+syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen syllables
+each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The first ends with
+the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the death of Edward I. The
+earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman chronicle of Wace. (The
+verse is octo-syllabic.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Chronicles of Canongate</b>, certain stories supposed to have been
+written by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune,
+who lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These
+tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by
+whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains <i>The
+Highland Widow, The Two Drovers</i>, and <i>The Surgeon's Daughter</i>
+[afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains <i>The
+Fair Maid of Perth</i>.&mdash;Sir W. Scott.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Chronicles of Canongate&quot; (introduction to <i>The Highland Widow</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chronology</b> <i>(The father of</i>), J. J. Scaliger (1540-1609).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chronon&mdash;Hoton&mdash;Thol'ogos</b> <i>(King).</i> He strikes Bombardin'ian,
+general of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, &quot;Kings as
+great as Chrononhotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse.&quot; The
+king calls his general a traitor. &quot;Traitor in thy teeth!&quot; retorts the
+general. They fight, and the king dies.&mdash;H. Carey,
+<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chrysalde'</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), friend of Arnolphe.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'&Eacute;cole des
+Femmes</i> (1662).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chrysale</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a simple-minded, henpecked French tradesman,
+whose wife Philaminte (3 <i>syl</i>.) neglects her house for the learned
+languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself a
+plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the <i>bas bleu</i> movement.
+He has two daughters, Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.) and Henriette, both of whom
+love Clitandre; but Armande, who is a &quot;blue-stocking,&quot; loves him
+platonically; while Henriette, who is a &quot;thorough woman,&quot; loves him with
+a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette, and when he
+falls into money difficulties through the &quot;learned proclivities&quot; of his
+wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man, and obtains the consent of
+both parents to his marriage with Henriette.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Femmes
+Savantes</i> (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chrysa'or</b> <i>(ch = k)</i>, the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which &quot;exceeded
+all other swords.&quot; It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against
+the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the
+Knight of Justice.</p>
+
+<p>Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no
+substance was so ... hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it came.
+Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Radigund
+queen of the Amazons (bk. v. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound (canto
+12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto (<i>the spirit of
+rebellion</i>). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because &quot;the blade was
+garnished all with gold.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Chrysa'or</i>, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rho&ecirc; (4
+<i>syl.</i>), one of the sea-nymphs.</p>
+
+Chrysaor rising out of the sea,<br>
+Showed thus glorious and thus emulous,<br>
+Leaving the arms of Callirrho&ecirc;.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Longfellow, <i>The Evening Star</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>Chryseis [<i>Kri see'.iss</i>], daughter of Chrys&ecirc;s priest of Apollo. She was
+famed for her beauty and her embroidery. During the Trojan war Chryseis
+was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos, but her
+father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the offered ransom,
+and Chrys&ecirc;s prayed that a plague might fall on the Grecian camp. His
+prayer was answered, and in order to avert the plague Agamemnon sent the
+lady back to her father not only without ransom but with costly
+gifts.&mdash;Homer, <i>Iliad</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Chrysostom</b>, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, &quot;rich
+William's daughter.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Chucks</b>, the boatswain under Captain Savage.&mdash;Captain Marryat,
+<i>Peter Simple</i> (1833).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chuffey</b>, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but
+master and man love each other with sincerest affection.</p>
+
+<p>Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place,
+where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard....
+save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to soak
+his bread mechanically.... He remained, as it were, frozen up; if any
+term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to him&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i>, xi. (1843).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chun&eacute;e</b> (<i>&Agrave; la</i>), very huge and bulky. Chun&eacute;e was the largest
+elephant ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent
+Garden, bought it for &pound;900 to appear in the pantomime of <i>Harlequin
+Padmenaba</i>, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor
+of Exeter 'Change. Chun&eacute;e at length became mad, and was shot by a
+detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is
+preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4
+inches high.</p>
+
+<p><b>Church built by Voltaire.</b> Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney,
+a Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it &quot;<i>Deo erexit
+Voltaire</i>.&quot; Campbell, in the Life of Cowper (vol. vii., 358) says, &quot;he
+knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines:&quot;</p>
+
+Nor his who for the bane of thousands born,<br>
+Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn.<br>
+
+<p>Cowper, <i>Retirement</i> (1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Churm.</b> Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in <i>Cecil
+Dreeme</i>. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevolence is the
+Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated.
+&mdash;Theodore Winthrop, <i>Cecil Dreeme</i> (1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Chuzzlewit</b> (<i>Anthony</i>), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the
+grandfather. Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought
+up his son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two
+redeeming points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and
+his forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him.</p>
+
+<p>The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, Manchester
+warehousemen ... had its place of business in a very narrow street
+somewhere behind the Post Office.... A dim, dirty, smoky, tumble-down,
+rotten old house it was ... but here the firm ... transacted their
+business ... and neither the young man nor the old one had any other
+residence.&mdash;Chap. xi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jonas Chuzzlewit</i>, son of Anthony, of the &quot;firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit
+and Son, Manchester warehousemen.&quot; A consummate villain of mean
+brutality and small tyranny. He attempts to poison his old father, and
+murders Montague Tigg, who knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy
+Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life of utter misery. His
+education had been conducted on money-grubbing principles; the first
+word he was taught to spell was <i>gain</i>, and the second, <i>money</i>. He
+poisons himself to save his neck from the gallows.</p>
+
+<p>This fine young man had all the inclination of a profligate of the first
+water, and only lacked the one good trait in the common catalogue of
+debauched vices&mdash;open-handedness&mdash;to be a notable vagabond. But there
+his griping and penurious habits stepped in.&mdash;Chap. xi.</p>
+
+<p><i>Martin Chuzzlewit, sen.</i>, grandfather to the hero of the same name. A
+stern old man, whose kind heart has been turned to gall by the dire
+selfishness of his relations. Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he
+goes to live in his house, and pretends to be weak in intellect, but
+keeps his eyes sharp open, and is able to expose the canting scoundrel
+in all his deformity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Martin Chuzzlewit, jun.</i>, the hero of the tale called <i>Martin
+Chuzzlewit</i>, grandson to old Martin. His nature has been warped by bad
+training, and, at first, he is both selfish and exacting; but the
+troubles and hardships he undergoes in &quot;Eden&quot; completely transform him,
+and he becomes worthy of Mary Graham, whom he marries.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyndo'nax</b>, a chief druid, whose tomb (with a Greek inscription) was
+discovered near Dijon, in 1598.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ciacco'</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), a glutton, spoken to by Dant&ecirc;, in the third
+circle of hell, the place in which gluttons are consigned to endless
+woe. The word means &quot;a pig,&quot; and is not a proper name, but only a
+symbolical one.&mdash;Dant&ecirc;, <i>Hell</i>, vi. (1300).</p>
+
+Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Hell</i>, vi.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cicero.</b> When the great Roman orator was given up by Augustus to the
+revenge of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted the sicarii to
+Formiae, whither Cicero had fled in a litter, intending to put to sea.
+His bearers would have fought, but Cicero forbade them, and one
+Herennius has the unenviable notoriety of being his murderer.</p>
+
+<p>It was a cobbler that set the murderers on Cicero.&mdash;Ouida, <i>Ariadn&ecirc;</i>, i.
+6.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicero of the British Senate</i>, George Canning (1770-1827).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicero of France</i>, Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicero of Germany</i>, John, Elector of Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicero's Mouth</i>, Philippe Pot, Prime Minister of Louis XL (1428-1494).</p>
+
+<p><i>The British Cicero</i>, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Christian Cicero</i>, Lucius Coelius Lactantius (died 330).</p>
+
+<p><i>The German Cicero</i>, Johann Sturm, printer and scholar (1507-1589).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cicely</b> (<i>Sweet</i>). Heroine of novel by Marietta Holley, better known
+as &quot;Josiah Allen's wife.&quot; (1885).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cicely Humphreys</i>. Putative daughter of Bothwell and Marie Stuart; who
+is made the companion of her mother's journeyings and captivity.&mdash;C.M.
+Yonge, <i>Unknown to History</i> (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyclinius</b>, mistake in one only manuscript of Chaucer for Cyllenius,
+a name of Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia.</p>
+
+<p>Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in his chevauchie. Chaucer, <i>Complaint of
+Mars and Venus</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cid</b> (<i>The</i>) = Seid or Signior, also called <b>Campeador</b>
+[<i>Cam.pa'.dor</i>] or &quot;Camp hero.&quot; Rodrigue Diaz de Bivar was surnamed &quot;the
+Cid.&quot; The great hero of Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and died,
+1099. He signalized himself by his exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand,
+Sancho II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castille. In the wars between
+Sancho II. and his brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the former;
+and, on the assassination of Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the
+court. He then assembled his vassals and marched against the Moors, whom
+he conquered in several battles, so that Alphonso was necessitated to
+recall him. Both Corneille and Guilhem de Cantro have admirable
+tragedies on the subject; Ross Neil has an English drama called <i>The
+Cid</i>; Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 1128 verses, called <i>Poema
+del Cid Campeador</i>. Southey, in his <i>Chronicle of the Cid</i> (1808), has
+collected all that is known of this extraordinary hero. (It was <i>The
+Cid</i> (1636) which gained for Corneille the title of &quot;Le Grand
+Corneille.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Father</i>, Don Diego Lainez.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Mother</i>, Do&ntilde;a Teresa Nn&ntilde;ez.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Wife</i>, Xime'na, daughter of the Count Lozano de Gormaz. The
+French called her <i>La Belle Chim&egrave;ne</i>, but the <i>r&ocirc;le</i> ascribed to her by
+Corneille is wholly imaginary.</p>
+
+Never more to thine own castle<br>
+Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein;<br>
+Never will thy loved Ximena<br>
+See thee at her side again.<br>
+<i>The Cid</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Children</i>. His two daughters were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son,
+Diego Rodriquez, died young.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Horse</i> was Babieca [either <i>Bab.i.e'.keh</i> or <i>Ba.bee.'keh].</i>
+It survived its master two years and a half, but no one was allowed to
+mount it. Babieca was buried before the monastery gates of Valencia, and
+two elms were planted to mark the spot.</p>
+
+Troth it goodly was and pleasant<br>
+To behold him at their head,<br>
+All in mail on Babieca,<br>
+And to list the words he said.<br>
+<i>The Cid</i>.<br>
+
+<p>(Here &quot;Babieca&quot; is 4 <i>syl</i>., but in the verse above it is only 3
+<i>syl</i>.).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Cid's Swords</i>, Cola'da and Tizo'na (&quot;terror of the world&quot;). The
+latter was taken by him from King Bucar.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cid (The Portuguese</i>), Nunez Alva'rez Perei'ra (1360-1431).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cid Hamet Benengeli</b>, the hypothetical author of <i>Don Quixote</i>. (See
+BENENGELI).</p>
+
+<p>Spanish commentators have discovered this pseudonym to be only an
+Arabian version of <i>Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e.</i>, &quot;signior;&quot; <i>Hamet</i>, a
+Moorish prefix; and <i>Ben-en-geli</i>, meaning &quot;son of a stag.&quot; So <i>cervato</i>
+(&quot;a young stag&quot;) is the basis of the name Cervantes.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cidli</b>, the daughter of Jairus, restored to life by Jesus. She was
+beloved by Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also raised by Jesus from the
+dead.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, iv. (1771).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cigarette.</b> <i>Vivandi&eacute;re</i> in the French army in Algiers. Passionate,
+wilful, tender and brave, she gives her life to save that of the man she
+loves.&mdash;Ouida, <i>Under Two Flags</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cimmerian Darkness.</b> Homer places the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus,
+in a land of never-ending gloom; and immediately after Cimmeria, he
+places the empire of Had&ecirc;s. Pliny (<i>Historia Naturalis</i>, vi. 14) places
+Cimmeria near the Lake Avernus, in Italy, where &quot;the sun never
+penetrates.&quot; Cimmeria is now called <i>Kertch</i>, but the Cossacks call it
+<i>Prekla (Hell).</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cincinnatus</b>, virtuous Roman patriot called from the plough to serve
+the State.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cincinna'tus of the Americans</b>, George Washington (1732-1799).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cinderella</b>, the heroine of a fairy tale. She was the drudge of the
+house, &quot;put upon&quot; by her two elder sisters. While the elder sisters were
+at a ball, a fairy came, and having arrayed the &quot;little cinder-girl&quot; in
+ball costume, sent her in a magnificent coach to the palace where the
+ball was given. The prince fell in love with her, but knew not who she
+was. This, however, he discovered by means of a &quot;glass slipper&quot; which
+she dropped, and which fitted no foot but her own.</p>
+
+<p>(This tale is substantially the same as that of <i>Rhodopis and
+Psammitichus</i> in &AElig;lian <i>[Var. Hist</i>., xiii., 32]. A similar one is also
+told in Strabo <i>(Geog.</i> xvii).)</p>
+
+<p>The <i>glass</i> slipper should be the <i>fur</i> slipper, <i>pantoufle en vair</i>,
+not <i>en verre</i>; our version being taken from the <i>Contes de Fees</i> of C.
+Perrault (1697).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cindy</b>, maid-of-all-work in the Derrick household, in Susan Warner's
+<i>Say and Seal.</i> With the freedom of Yankee help she is &quot;'boun' to
+confess&quot; whatever occurs to her mind in season and out of season.
+(1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cinna</b>, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille (1637). Mdlle. Rachel, in
+1838, took the part of Emilie the heroine, and made a great sensation in
+Paris.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cinq-Mars</b>, (<i>H. Coiffier de Ruze, marquis de</i>), favorite of Louis
+XIII. and <i>prot&eacute;g&eacute;</i> of Richelieu (1620-1642). Irritated by the
+cardinal's opposition to his marriage with Marie de Gonzague, Cinq-Mars
+tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. Gaston, the king's brother,
+sided with the conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the plot, and
+Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was condemned to death. Alfred de Vigny
+published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of Scott's historical novels)
+on the subject, under the title of <i>Cinq-Mars.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cinquecento</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the fifteenth century of Italian notables.
+They were Ariosto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and Giovanni Rucellai
+(1475-1526), <i>poets</i>; Raphael (1483-1520), Titian (1480-1576), and
+Michael Angelo (1474-1564), <i>painters</i>. These, with Machiavelli, Luigi
+Alamanni, Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is termed the
+&quot;Cinquecentesti.&quot; The word means the worthies of the '500 epoch, and it
+will be observed that they all flourished between 1500 and the close of
+that century. (See SEICENTA).</p>
+
+Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Venetian<br>
+writing-table of cinquecento work that<br>
+would enrapture the souls of the virtuosi who<br>
+haunt Christie's.&mdash;E. Yates, <i>Celebrities</i>, xix.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cipan'go or Zipango</b>, a marvellous island described in the <i>Voyages</i>
+of Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described it as lying some
+1500 miles from land. This island was an object of diligent search with
+Columbus and other early navigators, but belongs to that wonderful chart
+which contains the <i>El Dorado</i> of Sir Walter Raleigh, the <i>Utopia</i> of
+Sir Thomas More, the <i>Atlantis</i> of Lord Bacon, the <i>Laputa</i> of Dean
+Swift, and other places better known in story than in geography.</p>
+
+<p><b>Circe</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a sorceress who metamorphosed the companions of
+Ulysses into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchantment by means of the
+herb <i>moly</i>, given him by Mercury.</p>
+
+Who knows not Circe,<br>
+The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup<br>
+Whoever tasted lost his upright shape,<br>
+And downward fell into a grovelling swine?<br>
+Milton, <i>Comus</i> (1634).<br>
+
+<p><b>Circuit</b> <i>(Serjeant)</i>, in Foote's farce called <i>The Lame Lover</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cis'ley</b> or <b>Ciss</b>, any dairy-maid. Tusser frequently speaks of
+the &quot;dairy-maid Cisley,&quot; and in <i>April Husbandry</i> tells Ciss she must
+carefully keep these ten guests from her cheeses: Gehazi, Lot's wife,
+Argus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and
+bishops. (1)Gehazi, because a cheese should never be a dead white,
+like Gehazi the leper. (2) Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be too
+salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, because a cheese should not be full of
+eyes, like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a cheese should not be &quot;hoven
+and puffed,&quot; like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin, because a cheese should not be
+leathery, as if for a cobbler's use. (6) Lazarus, because a cheese
+should not be poor, like the beggar Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a cheese
+should not be hairy, like Esau. (8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese
+should not be full of whey, as Mary Maudlin was full of tears. (9)
+Gentiles, because a cheese should not be full of maggots or gentils.
+(10) Bishops, because a cheese should not be made of burnt milk, or milk
+&quot;banned by a bishop.&quot;&mdash;T. Tusser, <i>Five Hundred Points of Good
+Husbandry</i>, (&quot;April,&quot; 1557).</p>
+
+<p><b>Citizen</b> <i>(The)</i>, a farce by Arthur Murphy. George Philpot is
+destined to be the husband of Maria Wilding, but as Maria Wilding is in
+love with Beaufort, she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that he
+refuses to marry her, whereupon she gives her hand to Beaufort (1757).</p>
+
+<p><b>City Madam</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Philip Massinger (1633). She was
+the daughter of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and married a merchant,
+Sir John Frugal, who became immensely wealthy, but retired from
+business, and by a deed of gift transferred his wealth to his brother
+Luke, whereby madam and her daughter were both dependent on him. During
+her days of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal was unbounded, and
+her dress costly beyond conception; but Luke reduced her state to that
+of farmers' daughters in general. Luke says to her:</p>
+
+You were served in plate;<br>
+Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going<br>
+To church, not for devotion, but to show<br>
+Your pomp.<br>
+
+<p><i>The City Madam</i> is an extraordinarily spirited picture of actual life,
+idealized into a semi-comic strain of poetry.&mdash;Professor Spaulding.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cladpole</b> <i>(Tim)</i>, Richard Lower, of Chiddingly, author of <i>Tom
+Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun</i> (1831); <i>Jan Cladpole's Trip to 'Merricur</i>
+(1844), etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Claimant</b> <i>(The).</i> William Knollys, in in <i>The Great Banbury Case</i>,
+claimed the baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit lasted 150 years
+(1660-1811).</p>
+
+<p>Douglas <i>v</i>. Hamilton, in <i>The Great Douglas Case</i>, was settled in favor
+of the claimant, who was at once raised to the peerage under the name
+and title of Baron Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not restored to
+the title of duke (1767-1769).</p>
+
+<p>Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, who had married a servant of
+Sir Hugh Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, claimed the baronetcy and
+estates, but was non-suited and condemned to imprisonment for twenty-one
+years (1853).</p>
+
+<p>Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea). He
+was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for perjury
+(1871-1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>Claire Twining</b>, daughter of a refined man, the scion of an old
+English family and a vulgar woman who marries him to escape from
+poverty. After his death, the daughter begins her career of rising in
+the social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow as the first step, a
+well-born husband as the last. The emptiness and vanity of what she
+gained are well set forth in <i>An Ambitious Woman</i>, by Edgar Fawcett.
+(1883).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clandestine Marriage</b> <i>(The).</i> Fanny Sterling, the younger daughter
+of Mr. Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandestinely married to Mr.
+Lovewell, an apprentice in the house, of good family; and Sir John
+Melvil is engaged to Miss Sterling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is a
+guest in the merchant's house. Sir John prefers Fanny to her elder
+sister, and, not knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, but is
+rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop,
+fancies she is in love with him, and tells Sterling he means to make her
+a countess. Matters being thus involved, Lovewell goes to consult with
+Fanny about declaring their marriage, and the sister, convinced that Sir
+John is shut up in her sister's room, rouses the house with a cry of
+&quot;Thieves!&quot; Fanny and Lovewell now make their appearance. All parties are
+scandalized. But Fanny declares they have been married four months, and
+Lord Ogleby takes their part. So all ends well.&mdash;G. Colman and D.
+Garrick (1766).</p>
+
+<p>This comedy is a <i>r&eacute;chauff&eacute;</i> of <i>The False Concord</i>, by Rev. James
+Townley, many of the characters and much of the dialogue being
+preserved.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cla'ra,</b> in Otway's comedy called <i>The Cheats of Scapin</i>, an English
+version of <i>Les Fourberies de Scapin</i>, by Moli&egrave;re, represents the French
+character called &quot;Hyacinthe.&quot; Her father is called by Otway &quot;Gripe,&quot; and
+by Moli&egrave;re &quot;G&eacute;ronte&quot; (2 <i>syl</i>.); her brother is &quot;Leander,&quot; in French
+&quot;Leandre;&quot; and her sweetheart &quot;Octavian&quot; son of &quot;Thrifty,&quot; in French
+&quot;Octave&quot; son of &quot;Argante.&quot; The sum of money wrung from Gripe is &pound;200,
+but that squeezed out of G&eacute;ronte is 1,500 livres.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clara [d'Almanza],</b> daughter of Don Guzman of Seville, beloved by
+Don Ferdinand, but destined by her mother for a cloister. She loves
+Ferdinand, but repulses him from shyness and modesty, quits home and
+takes refuge in St. Catherine's Convent. Ferdinand discovers her
+retreat, and after a few necessary blunders they are married.&mdash;Sheridan,
+<i>The Duenna</i> (1773).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clara (Donna)</i>, the troth-plight wife of Octavio. Her affianced
+husband, having killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to lie <i>perdu</i>
+for a time, and Clara, assuming her brother's clothes and name, went in
+search of him. Both came to Salamanca, both set up at the Eagle, both
+hired the same servant, Lazarillo, and ere long they met, recognized
+each other, and became man and wife.&mdash;Jephson, <i>Two Strings to your Bow</i>
+(1792).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clara</i> [DOUGLAS], a lovely girl of artless mind, feeling heart, great
+modesty, and well accomplished. She loved Alfred Evelyn, but refused to
+marry him because they were both too poor to support a house. Evelyn was
+left an immense fortune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey, but Georgina
+gave her hand to Sir Frederick Blount. Being thus disentangled, Evelyn
+again proposed to Clara, and was joyfully accepted.&mdash;Lord L. Bulwer
+Lytton, <i>Money</i> (1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarchen</b> <i>[Kler'.kn]</i>, a female character in Goethe's <i>Egmont</i>,
+noted for her constancy and devotion.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clare</b> <i>(Ada)</i>, cousin of Richard Carstone, both of whom are orphans
+and wards in Chancery. They marry each other, but Richard dies young,
+blighted by the law's delays in the great Chancery suit of &quot;Jarndyce
+<i>v</i>. Jarndyce.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarence</b> <i>(George Duke of</i>), introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Anne of
+Geierstein</i> (time Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarence and the Malmsey Butt.</b> According to tradition, George, Duke
+of Clarence, having joined Warwick to replace Henry VI. on the throne,
+was put to death, and the choice being offered him, was drowned in a
+butt of malmsey wine (1478).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarendon</b> <i>(The Earl of</i>), Lord Chancellor to Charles II.
+Introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Claribel</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, surnamed &quot;The Lewd.&quot; One of the six knights who
+contended for the false Florimel.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, iv. 9 (1593).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clar'ibel</i>, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular
+songs (from 1865 to).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clar'ice</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of
+Bordeaux. Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarin or Clarin'da,</b> the confidential maid of Radigund, queen of
+the Am'azons. When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into her power, and
+made him change his armor for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she
+fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair
+promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but
+fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that Sir
+Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn.&mdash;Spenser,
+<i>Faery Queen</i>, v. 5 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarinda</b>, the heroine of Mrs. Centlivre's drama <i>The Beau's Duel</i>
+(1703).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Estifania,&quot; in <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i>, by Beaumont and
+Fletcher.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clarin'da</i>, a merry, good-humored, high-spirited lady, in love with
+Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin.&mdash;Dr. Hoadly, <i>The
+Suspicious Husband</i> (1747).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clarinda</i> of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarion</b>, the son and heir of Muscarol. He was the fairest and most
+prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of Arachn&ecirc; (the
+spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and
+set himself to destroy him; so, weaving a most curious net, Clarion was
+soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him under
+the left wing.&mdash;Spenser <i>Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate</i> (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Claris'sa</b>, wife of Gripe the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine
+city lady, who thinks &quot;a woman must be of mechanic mold who is either
+troubled or pleased with anything her husband can do&quot; (act i. 3). She
+has &quot;wit and beauty, with a fool to her husband,&quot; but though &quot;fool,&quot; a
+hard, grasping, mean old hunks.</p>
+
+<p><i>Claris'sa</i>, sister of Beverley, plighted to George Bellmont.&mdash;A.
+Murphy, <i>All in the Wrong</i>, (1761).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarissa Harlowe.</b> (See HARLOWE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Clark</b> <i>(The Rev T.)</i>., the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist
+(1779 1839).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarke</b> <i>(The Rev. C. C.)</i>, one of the many pseudonyms of Sir
+Richard Phillips, author of <i>The Hundred Wonders of the World</i> (1818),
+<i>Readings in Natural Philosophy</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clarsie</b>, the mountain maid who, going out at dawn to &quot;try her
+fortune,&quot; discovers the &quot;Harnt&quot; that walks Chilhowee.&mdash;Charles Egbert
+Craddock (Mary Noailles Murfree), <i>In the Tennessee Mountains</i> (1884).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cla'tho,</b> the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's
+youngest son.</p>
+
+<p><b>Claude</b> <i>(The English</i>), Richard Wilson (1714-1782).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clau'dine</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour,
+and old nurse of Julio &quot;the deaf and dumb&quot; count. She recognizes the
+lad, who had been rescued by De l'Ep&eacute;e from the streets of Paris, and
+brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian
+Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of
+getting rid of him; but being proved to be the count, he is restored to
+his rank and property.&mdash;Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i> (1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>Claudio</b> <i>(Lord)</i> of Florence, a friend of Don Pedro, Prince of
+Arragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, governor of
+Messina)&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado about Nothing</i> (1600).</p>
+
+<p><i>Claudio</i>, condemned to die for betraying his mistress Juliet, tries to
+buy his life at the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor, shamefully
+pursued by Angelo, the Duke's deputy.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Measure for
+Measure</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clau'dius,</b> King of Denmark, who poisoned his brother, married the
+widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius induced Laertes to challenge
+Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In
+the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the
+poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet,
+Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to give
+Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of this
+cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him and
+cried aloud, &quot;Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane.... Follow my
+mother!&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Hamlet</i> (1596).  </p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">In the <i>History
+of Hamblet</i>, Claudius is called &quot;Fengon,&quot; a far better name for a Dane.</p>
+
+<p><i>Claudius</i>, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping
+Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been stolen
+from him and sold to Virginius.&mdash;J. S. Knowles, <i>Virginius</i> (1820).</p>
+
+<p><i>Claudius (Mathias)</i>, a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of the
+famous song called <i>Rheinweinlied</i> (&quot;Rhenish wine song&quot;), sung at all
+convivial feasts of the Germans.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Claudius, though he sang of flagons,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And huge tankards filled with Rhenish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">From the fiery blood of dragons</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Never would his own replenish.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Claus</b> <i>(Peter).</i> (See under K.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Claus (Santa)</i>, a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of
+children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed away in
+their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little credulous
+ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there.</p>
+
+<p>St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with
+marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother,
+and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the
+gift-giver on Christmas Eve.&mdash;Yonge.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<b>Claverhouse</b>,&quot; or the Marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood,
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Claver'house</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), John Graham of Claverhouse (Viscount Dundee),
+a relentless Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent in temper
+and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name. He hunted
+the Covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is a by-word for barbarity
+and cruelty (1650-1689).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clavijo</b> <i>(Don)</i>, a cavalier who &quot;could touch the guitar to
+admiration, write poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine genius for
+making bird-cages.&quot; He married the Princess Antonomesia of Candaya, and
+was metamorphosed by Malambru/no into a crocodile of some unknown metal.
+Don Quixote disenchanted him &quot;by simply attempting the adventure.&quot;&mdash;
+Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clavilen'o,</b> the wooden horse on which Don Quixote got astride in
+order to disenchant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the
+Countess Trifaldi (called the &quot;Dolori'da Due&ntilde;a&quot;). It was &quot;the very horse
+on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalone, and was
+constructed by Merlin.&quot; This horse was called Clavileno or wooden Peg,
+because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead.&mdash;Cervantes,
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).</p>
+
+<p>There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse; he neither eats,
+drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing.... His name is not Pegasus, nor
+Bucephalus; nor is it Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando
+Furioso; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de Montalbon;
+nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun; but his name is
+Clavileno the Winged.&mdash;Chap. 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Claypole</b> <i>(Noah), alias</i> &quot;Morris Bolter,&quot; an ill-conditioned
+charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop and
+receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he
+afterwards marries.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clay and Randolph.</b> In his <i>Thirty Years' View</i>, Thomas Hart Benton
+gives a graphic description of the famous duel between Henry Clay and
+John Randolph, of Roanoke (April 8, 1826).</p>
+
+<p>After two shots had been exchanged without injury to either, the two
+statesmen shook hands, Randolph remarking: &quot;You owe me a coat, Mr.
+Clay,&quot; a bullet having passed through his; and Mr. Clay answered: &quot;I am
+glad the debt is no greater!&quot; (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleante</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished
+for his genuine piety, and is both high-minded and
+compassionate.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>La Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cl&eacute;ante</i> (2 <i>Syl.</i>), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane
+(3 <i>syl</i>.). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same
+young lady, but Cl&eacute;ante solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a casket
+of gold from the garden, hidden under a tree by the miser, and while
+Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cl&eacute;ante told him he
+might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser preferred
+the casket, which was restored to him, and Cl&eacute;ante married
+Mariane.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'Avar</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cl&eacute;ante</i> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the lover of Angelique, daughter of Argan the
+<i>malade imaginaire</i>. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to
+Thomas Diafoirus, a young surgeon, Cl&eacute;ante carries on his love as a
+music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each other
+their plans under the guise of an interlude called &quot;Tircis and Philis.&quot;
+Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter with
+Cl&eacute;ante.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Malade Imaginaire</i> (1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clean'the</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Siphax of Paphos.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Mad Lover</i> (1617).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleanthe</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the lady beloved by Ion.&mdash;Talfourd, <i>Ion</i> (1835).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clean'thes</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), son of Leon'id&ecirc;s and husband of Hippolita,
+noted for his filial piety. The Duke of Epire made a law that all men
+who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as useless
+incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonid&ecirc;s, a young libertine, admired
+the law, but Cleanth&ecirc;s looked on it with horror, and determined to save
+his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave out that his father
+was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place; but Cleanth&ecirc;s retired
+to a wood, where he concealed Leon'id&ecirc;s, while he and his wife waited on
+him and administered to his wants.&mdash;<i>The Old Law</i> (a comedy of Philip
+Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley, 1620).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clegg</b> <i>(Holdfast)</i>, a Puritan mill-wright.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril
+of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleish'botham</b> <i>(Jededi'ah)</i>, schoolmaster and parish clerk of
+Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit the
+tales told by the landlord of the Wallace Inn of the same parish. These
+tales the editor disposed in three series, called by the general title
+of <i>The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.).</i> (See introduction to <i>The Black
+Dwarf</i>.) Of course the real author is Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham</i>, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect
+Xantipp&ecirc;, and a &quot;sworn sister of the Eumen'id&ecirc;s.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cle'lia or Cloe'lia,</b> a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to
+Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming across
+the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set her at
+liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her a part of
+the hostages. Mdlle. Scud&eacute;ri has a novel on the subject, entitled
+<i>Cl&eacute;lie, Histoire Romaine</i>.</p>
+
+Our statues&mdash;not those that men desire&mdash;<br>
+Sleek odalisques <i>[Turkish slaves</i>] ... but<br>
+The Carian Artemisia ... <i>[See Artemisia</i>.]<br>
+Clelia, Cornelia ... and the Roman brows<br>
+Of Agrippina.<br>
+<br>
+Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.<br>
+
+<p><i>Cle'lia</i>, a vain, frivolous female butterfly, with a smattering of
+everything. In youth she was a coquette; and when youth was passed,
+tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success.&mdash;Crabbe,
+<i>Borough</i> (1810).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clelie</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle.
+Scud&eacute;ri. (See CLELIA.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Clement</b>, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clem'ent (Justice)</i>, a man quite able to discern between fun and crime.
+Although he had the weakness &quot;of justices' justice.&quot; he had not the
+weakness of ignorant vulgarity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Knowell</i>. They say he will commit a man for taking the wall of his
+horse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wellbred</i>. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving
+God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humor.&mdash;B. Jonson,
+<i>Every Man in His Humor</i>, iii. 2 (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clementi'na</b> <i>(The Lady</i>), an amiable, delicate, beautiful,
+accomplished, but unfortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir Charles
+Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Byron.&mdash;S. Richardson, <i>The
+History of Sir Charles Grandison</i> (1753).</p>
+
+<p>Cle'ofas (<i>Don</i>), the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled <i>Le Diable
+Boiteux</i> (<i>The Devil on Two Sticks</i>). A fiery young Spaniard, proud,
+high-spirited and revengeful; noted for gallantry but not without
+generous sentiment. Asmode'us (4 <i>syl</i>.) shows him what is going on in
+private families by unroofing the houses (1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleom'brotus</b> or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia,
+(in Epirus). Having read Plato's
+book on the soul's immortality and happiness
+in another life, he was so ravished
+with the description that he leaped into
+the sea that he might die and enjoy
+Plato's elysium.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">He who to enjoy</span><br>
+Plato's elysium leaped into the sea,<br>
+Cleombrotus.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 471, etc. (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleom'enes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the hero and title of a drama by Dryden
+(1692). As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to
+him: &quot;If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have
+spent my time like your Spartan hero.&quot; &quot;Perhaps not,&quot; said the poet,
+&quot;but you are not my hero.&quot;&mdash;W. C. Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleom'enes</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.). &quot;The Venus of Cleomen&ecirc;s&quot; is now called &quot;The
+Venus de Medici.&quot; Such a mere moist lump was once ... &quot;the Venus of
+Cleomen&ecirc;s.&quot;&mdash;Ouida, <i>Ariadn&eacute;</i>, i. 8.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cle'on,</b> governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia
+by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na,
+daughter of Per'icl&ecirc;s, Prince of Tyre.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Pericles, Prince
+of Tyre</i> (1608).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cle'on</i>, the personification of Glory.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleop'atra,</b> Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother.
+She was driven from her throne, but re-established by Julius C&aelig;sar, B.C.
+47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to live
+with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of Actium,
+Cleopatra killed herself by an asp.</p>
+
+<p>E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called <i>Cl&eacute;op&acirc;tre Captive</i> (1550);
+Jean Mairet one called <i>Cl&eacute;op&acirc;tre</i> (1630); Isaac de Benserade (1670); J.
+F. Marmontel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote tragedies in
+French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a tragedy in English
+called <i>Cleopatra</i>; Shakespeare one called <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>
+(1608); and Dryden one on the same subject, called <i>All for Love</i> or
+<i>the World Well Lost</i> (1682).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg (Margaret) Woffington
+(1718-1760) were unrivalled in this character.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleopatra and the Pearl</i>. The tale is that Cleopatra made a sumptuous
+banquet, which excited the surprise of Antony; whereupon the queen took
+a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid and drank the liquor to
+the health of the triumvir, saying: &quot;My draught to Antony shall exceed
+in value the whole banquet.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">When Queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, Sir Thomas
+Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious stone
+crushed to atoms, and worth &pound;15,000.</p>
+
+<p>Here &pound;15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar; Gresham drinks the pearl
+Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it; love it!--Th. Heywood, <i>If You
+Know not Me. You Know Nobody</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleopatra in Hades</i>. Cleopatra, says Rabelais, is &quot;a crier of onions&quot;
+in the shades below. The Latin for a pearl and onion is <i>unio</i>, and the
+pun refers to Cleopatra giving her <i>pearl</i> (or <i>onion</i>) to Antony in a
+draught of wine, or, as some say, drinking it herself in toasting her
+lover.&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, ii. 30 (1553).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleopat'ra</i>, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of
+Egypt. She first married Alexander Bala, the usurper (B.C. 149); next
+Deme'trius Nica'nor. Demetrius, being taken prisoner by the Parthians,
+married Rodogune (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 <i>syl</i>.) the
+Parthian king, and Cleopatra married Antiochus Sidet&ecirc;s, brother of
+Demetrius. She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) for treason, and as
+this produced a revolt, abdicated in favor of her second son, Anti'ochus
+VIII., who compelled her to drink poison which she had prepared for
+himself. P. Corneille has made this the subject of his tragedy called
+<i>Rodogune</i> (1646).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This is not the Cleopatra of Shakespeare's and Dryden's
+tragedies.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleopatra</i>. In his <i>Graffiti d'Italia</i>, William Wetmore Story gives a
+passionate soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, beginning:&mdash;</p>
+
+&quot;Here, Charmian, take my bracelets;<br>
+They bar with a purple stain<br>
+My arms.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+(1868).<br>
+
+<p><b>Clere'mont</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a merry gentleman, the friend of
+Dinant'.&mdash;&quot;Beaumont and Fletcher&quot; <i>The Little French Lawyer</i> (1547).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cler'imond</b>, niece of the Green Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the
+giant, and bride of Valentine the brave.&mdash;<i>Valentine and Orson</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clerks</b> <i>(St. Nicholas's)</i>, thieves, also called &quot;St. Nicholas's
+Clergymen,&quot; in allusion to the tradition of &quot;St. Nicholas and the
+thieves.&quot; Probably a play on the words <i>Nich-olas</i> and <i>Old Nick</i> may be
+designed.&mdash;See Shakespeare, 1 <i>Henry IV</i>. act ii. sc. 1 (1597).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cless'ammor,</b> son of Thaddu and brother of Morna (Fingal's mother).
+He married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir (the principal man of
+Balclutha, on the Clyde). It so happened that Moina was beloved by a
+Briton named Reuda, who came with an army to carry her off. Reuda was
+slain by Clessammor; but Clessammor, being closely pressed by the
+Britons, fled, and never again saw his bride. In due time a son was
+born, called Carthon; but the mother died. While Carthon was still an
+infant, Fingal's father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reuthama (Carthon's
+grandfather). While the boy grew to manhood, he determined on vengeance;
+accordingly he invaded Morven, the kingdom of Fingal, where Clessammor,
+not knowing who he was, engaged him in single combat, and slew him. When
+he discovered that it was his son, three days he mourned for him, and on
+the fourth he died.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Carthon</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleve'land</b> <i>(Barbara Villiers, Duchess of)</i>, one of the mistresses
+of Charles II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cleve'land</i> (Captain Clement), alias Vaughan [<i>Vawn</i>], &quot;the pirate,&quot;
+son of Norna of the Fitful Head. He is in love with Minna Troil
+(daughter of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Pirate</i> (time, William III).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clever</b>, the man-servant of Hero Sutton, &quot;the city maiden.&quot; When
+Hero assumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called himself Obadiah, and
+pretended to be a rigid quaker also. His constant exclamation was &quot;Umph!
+&quot;&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>Woman's Wit, etc</i>. (1838).</p>
+
+<p>Clifford <i>(Sir Thomas</i>), betrothed to Julia (daughter of Master Walter
+&quot;the hunchback&quot;). He is wise, honest, truthful, and well-favored, kind,
+valiant, and prudent.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Hunchback</i> (1831).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clifford, (Mr.)</i>, the heir of Sir William Charlton in right of his
+mother, and in love with Lady Emily Gayville. The scrivener Alscrip had
+fraudulently got possession of the deeds of the Charlton estates, which
+he had given to his daughter called &quot;the heiress,&quot; and which amounted to
+&pound;2000 a year; but Rightly, the lawyer, discovered the fraud, and &quot;the
+heiress&quot; was compelled to relinquish this part of her fortune. Clifford
+then proposed to Lady Emily, and was accepted.&mdash;General Burgoyne, <i>The
+Heiress</i>. (1781).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clifford (Paul)</i>, a highwayman, reformed by the power of love.&mdash;Lord
+Lytton, <i>Paul Clifford</i> (1830).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clifford (Rosamond)</i>, usually called &quot;The Fair Rosamond,&quot; the favorite
+mistress of Henry II.; daughter of Walter Lord Clifford. She is
+introduced by Tennyson in his tragedy <i>Becket</i>. Miss Terry acted the
+part. Dryden says:</p>
+
+<i>Jane</i> Clifford was her name, as books aver,<br>
+&quot;Fair Rosamond&quot; was but her <i>nom de guerre</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Epilogue to Henry II</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clifford (Henry Lord</i>), a general in the English army.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clifton</b> (<i>Harry</i>), lieutenant of H.M. ship <i>Tiger</i>. A daring,
+dashing, care-for-nobody young English sailor, delighting in adventure,
+and loving a good scrape. He and his companion Mat Mizen take the side
+of El Hyder, and help to re-establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi,
+who had been dethroned by Hamlet Abdulerim.&mdash;Barrymore, <i>El Hyder, Chief
+of the Ghaut Mountains</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clim of the Clough.</b> (See CLYM).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clink</b> (<i>Jem</i>), the turnkey at Newgate.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of
+the Peak</i> (time, Charles II).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clinker</b> (<i>Humphry</i>), a poor work-house lad, put out by the parish
+as apprentice to a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as an ostler's
+assistant and extra postilion. Being dismissed from the stables, he
+enters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, grumpy, but kind-hearted
+and generous old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. Here he falls in
+love with Winifred Jenkins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and turns out
+to be a natural son of Mr. Bramble.&mdash;T. Smollett, <i>The Expedition of
+Humphry Clinker</i> (1771.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Clip'purse</b> (<i>Lawyer</i>), the lawyer employed by Sir Everard Waverley
+to make his will.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cliquot</b> (<i>Klee'ko</i>), a nickname given by <i>Punch</i> to Frederick
+William IV. of Prussia, from his love of champagne of the &quot;Cliquot
+brand&quot; (1795, 1840-1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clitandre</b>, a wealthy bourgeois, in love with Henriette, &quot;the
+thorough woman,&quot; by whom he is beloved with fervent affection. Her elder
+sister, Armande (2 <i>syl</i>.), also loves him, but her love is of the
+platonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife the warmth of woman's love
+to the marble of philosophic ideality.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i>
+(1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cloaci'na,</b> the presiding personification of city sewers. (Latin,
+<i>cloaca</i>, &quot;a sewer.&quot;)</p>
+
+...Cloacina, goddess of the tide,<br>
+Whose sable streams beneath the city glide.<br>
+<br>
+Gay, <i>Trivia</i>, ii. (1712).<br>
+
+<p><b>Clod'dipole</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), &quot;the wisest lout of all the neighboring
+plain.&quot; Appointed to decide the contention between Cuddy and Lobbin
+Clout.</p>
+
+From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies,<br>
+To know when hail will fall, or winds arise;<br>
+He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view,<br>
+When struck aloft that showers would straight ensue.<br>
+He first that useful secret did explain,<br>
+That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain;<br>
+When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air,<br>
+He told us that the welkin would be clear.<br>
+<br>
+Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).<br>
+
+<p>(Cloddipole is the &quot;Palaemon&quot; of Virgil's <i>Ecl.</i> iii.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clo'dio</b> <i>(Count)</i>, governor. A dishonorable pursuer of Zeno'cia,
+the chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The
+Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clodio</i>, the younger son of Don Antonio, a coxcomb and braggart. Always
+boasting of his great acquaintances, his conquests, and his duels. His
+snuff-box he thinks more of than his lady-love, he interlards his speech
+with French, and exclaims &quot;Split me!&quot; by way of oath. Clodio was to have
+married Angelina, but the lady preferred his elder brother, Carlos, a
+bookworm, and Clodio engaged himself to Elvira of Lisbon.&mdash;C. Cibber,
+<i>Love Makes a Man</i> (1694).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clo'e,</b> in love with the shepherd, Thenot, but Thenot rejects her
+suit out of admiration of the constancy of Clorinda for her dead lover.
+She is wanton, coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of Clorinda, who
+is a virtuous, chaste, and faithful shepherdess. (&quot;Thenot,&quot; the final
+<i>t</i> is sounded.)&mdash;John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i> (1610). (See
+CHLOE).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clo'ra,</b> sister of Fabrit'io, the merry soldier, and the sprightly
+companion of Frances (sister to Frederick).&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The
+Captain</i> (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clorida'no,</b> a humble Moorish youth, who joined Medo'ro in seeking
+the body of King Dardinello to bury it. Medoro being wounded, Cloridano
+rushed madly into the ranks of the enemy and was slain.&mdash;Ariosto,
+<i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clorin'da,</b> daughter of Sena'pus of Ethiopia (a Christian). Being
+born white, her mother changed her for a black child. The Eunuch
+Arse'tes (3 <i>syl</i>.) was entrusted with the infant Clorinda, and as he
+was going through a forest, saw a tiger, dropped the child, and sought
+safety in a tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled it, after which
+the eunuch carried the child to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by the
+Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in
+love with her, but slew her unknowingly in a night attack. Before she
+expired she received Christian baptism at the hands of Tancred, who
+greatly mourned her death.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>, xii. (1675).</p>
+
+<p>(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from the <i>Theag'an&ecirc;s and Charicle'a</i>
+of Heliodorus Bishop of Trikka).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clorinda</i>, &quot;the faithful shepherdess&quot; called &quot;The Virgin of the Grove,&quot;
+faithful to her buried love. From this beautiful character Milton has
+drawn his &quot;lady&quot; in <i>Comus</i>. Compare the words of the &quot;First Brother&quot;
+about chastity, in Milton's <i>Comus</i>, with these lines of Clorinda:</p>
+
+Yet I have heard (my mother told it me),<br>
+And now I do believe it, if I keep<br>
+My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair,<br>
+No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend,<br>
+Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves<br>
+Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion<br>
+Draw me to wander after idle fires,<br>
+Or voices calling me in dead of night<br>
+To make me follow and so tole me on<br>
+Through mire and standing-pools, to find my ruin.<br>
+...Sure there's a power<br>
+In the great name of Virgin that binds fast<br>
+All rude, uncivil bloods.... Then strong Chastity,<br>
+Be thou my strongest guard.<br>
+
+<p>&mdash;J. Fletcher,&mdash;<i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cloris</b>, the damsel beloved by Prince Prettyman.&mdash;Duke of
+Buckingham, <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clotaire</b> (2 <i>syl</i>). The King of France exclaimed on his death-bed:
+&quot;Oh, how great must be the King of Heaven, if He can kill so mighty a
+monarch as I am!&quot;&mdash;<i>Gregory of Tours</i>, iv. 21.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cloten</b> or <b>Cloton</b>, King of Cornwall, one of the five kings of
+Britain after the extinction of the line of Brute (1 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Geoffrey,
+<i>British History</i>, ii. 17 (1142).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cloten</i>, a vindictive lout, son of the second wife of Cymbeline by a
+former husband. He is noted for &quot;his unmeaning frown, his shuffling
+gait, his burst of voice, his bustling insignificance, his
+fever-and-ague fits of valor, his froward tetchiness, his unprincipled
+malice, and occasional gleams of good sense.&quot; Cloten is the rejected
+lover of Imogen (the daughter of his father-in-law by his first wife),
+and is slain in a duel by Guiderius.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Clotha'rius</b> or CLOTHAIRE, leader of the Franks after the death of
+Hugo. He is shot with an arrow by Clorinda.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem
+Delivered</i>, xi. (1675).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cloud (St.)</i>, patron saint of nail-smiths. A play on the French word
+<i>clou</i> (&quot;a nail&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cloudes'ley</b> <i>(William of</i>), a famous north-country archer, the
+companion of Adam Bell and Clym of the Clough. Their feats of robbery
+were chiefly carried on in Englewood Forest, near Carlisle. William was
+taken prisoner at Carlisle, and was about to be hanged, but was rescued
+by his two companions. The three then went to London to ask pardon of
+the King, which at the Queen's intercession was granted. The King begged
+to see specimens of their skill in archery, and was so delighted
+therewith, that he made William a &quot;gentleman of fe,&quot; and the other two
+&quot;yemen of his chambre.&quot; The feat of William was very similar to that of
+William Tell <i>(q.v.).</i>&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, I. ii. 1.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clout</b> <i>(Colin)</i>, a shepherd loved by Marian &quot;the parson's maid,&quot;
+but for whom Colin (who loved Cicily) felt no affection. (See COLIN
+CLOUT).</p>
+
+Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed,<br>
+Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed;<br>
+In every wood his carols sweet were known,<br>
+At every wake his nimble feats were shown.<br>
+
+<p>Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, ii. (1714).</p>
+
+<p><i>Clout (Loblin)</i>, a shepherd in love with Blouzelinda. He challenged
+Cuddy to a contest of song in praise of their respective sweethearts,
+and Cloddipole was appointed umpire. Cloddipole was unable to award the
+prize, for each merited &quot;an oaken staff for his pains.&quot; &quot;Have done,
+however, for the herds are weary of the song, and so am I.&quot;&mdash;Gay,
+<i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cloyse</b> <i>(Goody).</i> A pious and exemplary dame, especially
+well-versed in the catechism, who, in Goodman Brown's fantasy of the
+witches' revel in the forest, joins him on his way thither, and croaks
+over the loss of her broomstick, which was &quot;all anointed with the juice
+of small-age and cinquefoil and wolf's bane&mdash;&quot; &quot;Mingled with fine wheat
+and the fat of a new-born babe,&quot; says another shape.&mdash;Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, <i>Mosses from an Old Manse</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><b>Club-Bearer</b> <i>(The)</i>, Periphe'tes, the robber of Ar'golis, who
+murdered his victims with an iron club.&mdash;<i>Greek Fable</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clumsey</b> <i>(Sir Tunbelly</i>), father of Miss Hoyden. A mean,
+ill-mannered squire and justice of the peace, living near Scarborough.
+Most cringing to the aristocracy, whom he toadies and courts. Sir
+Tunbelly promises to give his daughter in marriage to Lord Foppington,
+but Tom Fashion, his lordship's younger brother, pretends to be Lord
+Foppington, gains admission to the family and marries her. When the real
+Lord Foppington arrives he is treated as an imposter, but Tom confesses
+the ruse. His lordship treats the knight with such ineffable contempt,
+that Sir Tunbelly's temper is aroused, and Tom is received into high
+favor.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>A Trip to Scarborough</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This character appears in Vanbrugh's <i>Relapse</i>, of which
+comedy the <i>Trip to Scarborough</i> is an abridgment and adaptation.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clu'ricaune</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Irish elf of evil disposition,
+especially noted for his knowledge of hidden treasure. He generally
+assumes the appearance of a wrinkled old man.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clutterbuck</b> (<i>Captain</i>), the hypothetical editor of some of Sir
+Walter Scott's novels, as <i>The Monastery</i> and <i>The Fortunes of Nigel</i>.
+Captain Clutterbuck is a retired officer, who employs himself in
+antiquarian researches and literary idleness. <i>The Abbot</i> is dedicated
+by the &quot;author of <i>Waverley</i>&quot; to &quot;Captain Clutterbuck,&quot; late of his
+majesty's&mdash;infantry regiment.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clym of the Clough</b> (&quot;<i>Clement of the Cliff</i>&quot;), noted outlaw,
+associated with Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in Englewood
+Forest, near Carlisle. When William was taken prisoner at Carlisle, and
+was about to be hanged, Adam and Clym shot the magistrates, and rescued
+their companion. The mayor with his <i>posse</i> went out against them, but
+they shot the mayor, as they had done the sheriff, and fought their way
+out of the town. They then hastened to London to beg pardon of the king,
+which was granted them at the queen's intercession. The king, wishing to
+see a specimen of their shooting, was so delighted at their skill that
+he made William a &quot;gentleman of fe,&quot; and the other two &quot;yemen of his
+chambre.&quot;&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i> (&quot;Adam Bell,&quot; etc., I. ii. 1).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cly'tie</b>, a water-nymph in love with Apollo. Meeting with no return,
+she was changed into a sunflower, or rather a <i>tournesol</i>, which still
+turns to the sun, following him through his daily course.</p>
+
+<p>The sunflower does not turn to the sun. On the same stem may be seen
+flowers in every direction, and not one of them shifts the direction in
+which it has first opened. T. Moore (1814) says:</p>
+
+The sunflower turns on her god when he sets,<br>
+The same look which she turned when he rose.<br>
+
+<p>This may do in poetry, but it is not correct. The sunflower is so called
+simply because the flower resembles a pictured sun.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom Moore's error, and enlarged it:</p>
+
+Behold, my dear, this lofty flower,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That now the golden sun receives;</span><br>
+No other deity has power,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But only Phoebus, on her leaves;</span><br>
+As he in radiant glory burns,<br>
+From east to west her visage turns.<br>
+
+<p><i>The Sunflower</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Clytus</b>, an old officer in the army of Philip of Macedon, and
+subsequently in that of Alexander. At a banquet, when both were heated
+with wine, Clytus said to Alexander, &quot;Philip fought men, but Alexander
+women,&quot; and after some other insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed the
+old soldier; but instantly repented and said:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">What has my vengeance done?</span><br>
+Who is it thou hast slain? Clytus? What was he<br>
+The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor,<br>
+The bravest soldier. He who saved my life<br>
+Fighting bare-headed at the river Granic.<br>
+For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine,<br>
+The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain,&mdash;<br>
+Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver!<br>
+
+<p>N. Lee, <i>Alexander the Great</i>, iv. 2 (1678).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cne'us</b>, the Roman officer in command of the guard set to watch the
+tomb of Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the body, and then
+declare that it had risen from the dead.&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>,
+xiii. (1771). <b>Co'an</b> (<i>The</i>), Hippocrates, the &quot;Father of Medicine&quot;
+(B.C. 460-357).</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... the great Coan, him whom Nature made</span><br>
+To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [<i>man</i>].<br>
+
+<p>Dant&ecirc;, <i>Purgatory</i>, xxix. (1308).</p>
+
+<p><b>Co'anocot'zin</b> (<i>5 syl</i>.), King of the Az'tecas. Slain in battle by
+Madoc.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Co'atel,</b> daughter of Acul'hua, a priest of the Az'tecas, and wife
+of Lincoya. Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled for refuge to
+Madoc, the Welsh Prince, who had recently landed on the North American
+coast, and was kindly treated by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic
+interest in the White strangers, and she was not backward in showing it.
+Then, when young Hoel was kidnapped, and confined in a cavern to starve
+to death, Coatel visited him and took him food. Again, when Prince Madoc
+was entrapped, she contrived to release him, and assisted the prince to
+carry off young Hoel. After the defeat of the Az'tecas by the White
+strangers, the chief priest declared that some one had proved a traitor,
+and resolved to discover who it was by handing round a cup, which he
+said would be harmless to the innocent, but death to the guilty. When it
+was handed to Coatel, she was so frightened that she dropped down dead.
+Her father stabbed himself, and &quot;fell upon his child,&quot; and when Lincoya
+heard thereof, he flung himself down from a steep precipice on to the
+rocks below.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cobb</b> (<i>Ephraim</i>), in Cromwell's troop.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i>
+(time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cobbler-Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Hans Sachs, of Nuremberg. (See TWELVE WISE
+MASTERS).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cobham</b> (<i>Eleanor</i>), wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and aunt
+of King Henry VI., compelled to do penance barefoot in a sheet in
+London, and after that to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, for
+&quot;sorcery.&quot; In <i>2 Henry VI</i>., Shakespeare makes Queen Margaret &quot;box her
+ears,&quot; but this could not be, as Eleanor was banished three years before
+Margaret came to England.</p>
+
+Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Gloster's wife ...<br>
+You, madam ... despoiled of your honor ...<br>
+Shall, after three days' open penance done,<br>
+Live in your country, here in banishment,<br>
+With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>2 Henry VI</i>. act ii. sc. 3 (1591).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cock of Westminster</b> (<i>The</i>). Castell, a shoemaker, was so called
+from his very early hours. He was one of the benefactors of Christ's
+Hospital (London).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cocker</b> (<i>Edward</i>), published a useful treatise on arithmetic, in
+the reign of Charles II., which had a prodigious success, and has given
+rise to the proverb, &quot;According to Cocker&quot; (1632-1675).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cockle</b> (<i>Sir John</i>), the miller of Mansfield, and keeper of
+Sherwood Forest. Hearing a gun fired one night, he went into the forest,
+expecting to find poachers, and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who had
+been hunting and had got separated from his courtiers. When the miller
+discovered that his captor was not a poacher, he offered him a night's
+lodging. Next day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's house by
+under-keepers, to be examined as poachers, and it was then discovered
+that the miller's guest was the king. The &quot;merry monarch&quot; knighted the
+miller, and settled on him 1000 marks a year.&mdash;R. Dodsley, <i>The King and
+the Miller of Mansfield</i> (1737).</p>
+
+<p>Cockney (<i>Nicholas</i>), a rich city grocer, brother of Barnacle. Priscilla
+Tomboy, of the West Indies, is placed under his charge for her
+education.</p>
+
+<p><i>Walter Cockney</i>, son of the grocer, in the shop. A conceited young
+prig, not yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes boy-love to Priscilla
+Tomboy and Miss La Blond; but says he will &quot;tell papa&quot; if they cross
+him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Penelope Cockney</i>, sister of Walter.&mdash;<i>The Romp</i> (altered from
+Bickerstaff's <i>Love in the City</i>).</p>
+
+<p>Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a model wife. Coelebs is the hero
+of a novel, by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled <i>Coelebs in Search of a Wife</i>
+(1809).</p>
+
+In short, she was a walking calculation,<br>
+Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their covers,<br>
+Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education.<br>
+Or &quot;Coelebs' wife&quot; set out in quest of lovers.<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 16 (1819).<br>
+
+<p><b>Coeur de Lion</b>, Surname of Richard of England (1157-1199.) Also
+conferred upon Louis VIII. of France.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coffin</b> (<i>Long Tom</i>), the best sailor character ever drawn. He is
+introduced in <i>The Pilot</i>, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. Cooper's novel
+has been dramatized by E. Fitzball, under the same name, and Long Tom
+Coffin preserves in the burletta his reckless daring, his unswerving
+fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and his love for the sea.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cogia Houssain</b>, the captain of forty thieves, outwitted by
+Morgiana, the slave. When, in the guise of a merchant, he was
+entertained by Ali Baba, and refused to eat any salt, the suspicions of
+Morgiana was aroused, and she soon detected him to be the captain of the
+forty thieves. After supper she amused her master and his guest with
+dancing; then playing with Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it
+suddenly into his heart and killed him.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Ali Baba or
+the Forty Thieves&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Col'ax.</b> Flattery personified in <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633), by
+Phineas Fletcher. Colax &quot;all his words with sugar spices ... lets his
+tongue to sin, and takes rent of shame ... His art [<i>was</i>] to hide and
+not to heal a sore.&quot; Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, <i>kolax</i>,
+&quot;a flatterer or fawner.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Colbrand</b> or <b>Colebrond</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), the Danish giant, slain in
+the presence of King Athelstan, by Sir Guy of Warwick, just returned
+from a pilgrimage, still &quot;in homely russet clad,&quot; and in his hand a
+&quot;hermit's staff.&quot; The combat is described at length by Drayton, in his
+<i>Polyolbion</i>, xii.</p>
+
+One could scarcely bear his axe ...<br>
+Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted with steel,<br>
+And armed down along with pikes, whose hardened points<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... had power to tear the joints</span><br>
+Of cuirass or of mail.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coldstream</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), the chief character in Charles Mathew's
+play called <i>Used up</i>. He is wholly <i>ennuy&eacute;</i>, sees nothing to admire in
+anything; but is a living personification of mental inanity and physical
+imbecility.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cole</b> (<i>1 syl.</i>), a legendary British king, described as &quot;a merry
+old soul,&quot; fond of his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his
+&quot;fiddlers three.&quot; There were two kings so called&mdash;Cole (or Co&iuml;l I.) was
+the predecessor of Porrex; but Co&iuml;l II. was succeeded by Lucius, &quot;the
+first British king who embraced the Christian religion.&quot; Which of these
+two mythical kings the song refers to is not evident.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cole (Mrs.)</i>. This character is designed for Mother Douglas, who kept a
+&quot;gentlemen's magazine of frail beauties&quot; in a superbly furnished house
+at the north-east corner of Covent Garden. She died 1761.&mdash;S. Foote,
+<i>The Minor</i> (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colein</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the great dragon slain by Sir Bevis of
+Southampton.&mdash;Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, ii. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colemi'ra</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), a poetical name for a cook. The word is
+compounded of <i>coal</i> and <i>mire</i>.</p>
+
+&quot;Could I,&quot; he cried &quot;express how bright a grace<br>
+Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face,<br>
+Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore,<br>
+And yield me love, or wash thy face no more.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+Shenstone, <i>Colemira</i> (an eclogue).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cole'pepper</b> (<i>Captain</i>) or CAPTAIN PEPPERCULL, the Alsatian
+bully.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colin</b>, or in Scotch <b>Cailen</b>, <i>Green Colin</i>, the laird of
+Dunstaffnage, so called from the green colour which prevailed in his
+tartan.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colin and Rosalinde.</b> In <i>The Shephearde's Calendar</i> (1579), by Edm.
+Spenser, Rosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by Colin Clout, as her
+choice was already fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Rosalinde is an
+anagram of &quot;Rose Danil,&quot; a lady beloved by Spenser (<i>Colin Clout</i>), but
+Rose Danil had already fixed her affections on John Florio the Resolute,
+whom she subsequently married.</p>
+
+And I to thee will be as kind<br>
+As Colin was to Rosalinde,<br>
+Of courtesie the flower.<br>
+<br>
+M. Drayton, <i>Dowsabel</i> (1593)<br>
+
+<p><b>Colin Clout</b>, the pastoral name assumed by the poet Spenser, in <i>The
+Shephearde's Calendar, The Ruins of Time, Daphnaida</i>, and in the
+pastoral poem called <i>Colin Clout's come home again</i> (from his visit to
+Sir Walter Raleigh). Ecl. i. and xii. are soliloquies of Colin, being
+lamentations that Rosalinde will not return his love. Ecl. vi. is a
+dialogue between Hobbinol and Colin, in which the former tries to
+comfort the disappointed lover. Ecl. xi. is a dialogue between Thenot
+and Colin, Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay; but Colin pleads
+grief for the death of the sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody on
+the great sheperdess deceased. In ecl. vi. we are told that Rosalinde
+has betrothed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579).</p>
+
+<p>In the last book of the <i>Faery Queen</i>, we have a reference to &quot;Colin and
+his lassie,&quot; (Spenser and his wife) supposed to be Elizabeth, and
+elsewhere called &quot;Mirabella&quot; See CLOUT, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Colin Clout and his lassie</i>, referred to in the last book of the <i>Faery
+Queen</i>, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called &quot;Mirabella&quot;
+(1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colin Clout's Come Home Again.</b> &quot;Colin Clout&quot; is Spenser, who had
+been to London on a visit to &quot;the Shepherd of the Ocean&quot; (Sir Walter
+Raleigh), in 1589; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote this
+poem. &quot;Hobbinol,&quot; his friend (Gabriel Harvey, L.L.D.), tells him how all
+the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him and them his
+adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy of British
+contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of Queen Elizabeth (1591).
+(See COLYN.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Colin Tampon</b>, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an
+Englishman, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colkitto</b> (<i>Young</i>), or &quot;Vich Alister More,&quot; or &quot;Alister M'Donnell,&quot;
+a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of
+Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Collean</b> (<i>May</i>), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how
+&quot;fause Sir John&quot; carried her to a rock for the purpose of throwing her
+down into the sea; but May outwitted him, and subjected him to the same
+fate he had designed for her.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colleen'</b>, <i>i.e.</i> &quot;girl;&quot; Colleen bawn (&quot;the blond girl&quot;); Colleen
+rhue (&quot;the red-haired girl&quot;), etc.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Dion Boucicault has a drama entitled <i>The Colleen Bawn</i>,
+founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel <i>The Collegians</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Collier</b> <i>(Jem)</i>, a smuggler.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time,
+George III.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Collingwood and the Acorns.</b> Collingwood never saw a vacant place in
+his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it
+in.&mdash;Thackeray, <i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colmal</b>, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord of Teutha <i>(the Tweed</i>). Her
+father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young
+sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house; but when grown
+to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them, and he
+shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed, intending
+to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set him free, and
+the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal. Fingal sent
+Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar; but when Dunthalmo heard
+thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive, was
+bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in marriage to
+Colmal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of Teutha.&mdash;Ossian,
+<i>Calthon and Colmal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colmar</b>, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was
+murdered by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in
+his banquet hall; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his
+own house. When grown to manhood, he thought he observed mischief in
+their looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the
+banks of the Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love
+with Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to
+crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succor could arrive, Dunthalmo
+had Colmar brought before him, &quot;bound with a thousand thongs,&quot; and slew
+him with his spear.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Calthon and Colmal.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Colna-Dona</b> (&quot;<i>love of heroes</i>&quot;), daughter of King Car'ul. Fingal
+sent Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona, to
+perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul invited
+the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with Colna-Dona.
+The passion being mutual, the father consented to their
+espousals.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Colna-Dona.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cologne</b> <i>(The three kings of</i>), the three Magi, called Gaspar,
+Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Gaspar means &quot;the white one.&quot; Melchior, &quot;king
+of light;&quot; Balthazar, &quot;lord of treasures.&quot; Klop-stock, in <i>The Messiah</i>,
+says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima, Zimri, Mirja,
+Beled, and Sunith.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The &quot;three&quot; Magi are variously named; thus one tradition
+gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus; another calls them
+Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; a third says they were Ator, Sator,
+and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of Balaam
+the Mesopotamian prophet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colon</b>, one of the rabble leaders in <i>Hudibras</i>, is meant for Noel
+Perryan or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan &quot;of low morals,&quot;
+and very fond of bear-baiting.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colonna</b> (<i>The Marquis of</i>), a high-minded, incorruptible noble of
+Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that his oily courtiers are
+vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludovico, his chief
+minister and favorite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and
+Ludovico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna, of
+his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With this
+view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadn&ecirc; (the sister
+of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards Evadn&ecirc;,
+is challanged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be killed.
+Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a banquet
+with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy is exposed:
+Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadn&ecirc;.&mdash;Shiel, <i>Evadne, or the
+Statue</i> (1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Colossos</b> (Latin, <i>colossus</i>), a gigantic brazen statue 126 feet
+high, executed by Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignen&egrave;re says it
+was a striding figure, but Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so,
+and did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us
+that it <i>stood</i> on a <i>block of white marble</i>, and Lucius Ampellius
+asserts that it <i>stood in a car</i>. Tiekell makes out the statue to be
+so enormous in size, that&mdash;</p>
+
+While at one foot the thronging galleys ride,<br>
+A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side;<br>
+Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array,<br>
+Ten thousand streamers on the billows play,<br>
+
+<p>Tickell, <i>On the Prospect of Peace</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colossus.</b> Negro servant in G.W. Cable's &quot;Posson Jone.&quot; He vainly
+tries to dissuade his master from drinking, and, in the end, restores to
+him the money lost during the drunken bout.</p>
+
+&quot;In thundering tones&quot; the parson was confessing<br>
+himself a &quot;plum fool from whom the conceit<br>
+had been jolted out, and who had been made<br>
+to see that even his nigger had the longest<br>
+head of the two.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Col'thred</b> (<i>Benjamin</i>) or &quot;Little Benjie,&quot; a spy employed by Nixon
+(Edward Redgauntlet's agent).&mdash;Sir. W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time,
+George III.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Columb</b> (<i>St.</i>) or <i>St. Columba</i>, was of the family of the kings of
+Ulster; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots
+300 Christian establishments of presbyterian character; that in Iona was
+founded 563.</p>
+
+The Pictish men by St. Columb taught.<br>
+
+<p>Campbell, <i>Rewllura</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Columbus</b> (<i>Christopher</i>), Genoese navigator who was fitted out by
+Ferdinand and Isabella for a voyage of discovery resulting in the sight
+of the New World (1492). His ships were the <i>Santa Maria</i>, the <i>Pinta</i>
+and the <i>Nina</i>, all small.&mdash;Washington Irving, <i>Life of Columbus</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Colyn Clout</b> (<i>The Boke of</i>), a rhyming six-syllable tirade against
+the clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529).</p>
+
+<p><b>Comal and Galbi'na.</b> Comal was the son of Albion, &quot;chief of a
+hundred hills.&quot; He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved
+by Grumal also. One day; tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina
+rested in the cave of Roman; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal
+went forth to shoot it. During his absence, Galbina dressed herself in
+armor &quot;to try his love,&quot; and &quot;strode from the cave.&quot; Comal thought it
+was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late
+discovered his mistake, rushed to battle, and was slain.&mdash;Ossian,
+<i>Fingal</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Com'ala,</b> daughter of Sarno, king of Inistore (<i>the Orkneys</i>). She
+fell in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after
+his return from Denmark or Lochlin (<i>Fingal</i>, iii.). Disguised as a
+youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars; but
+was detected by Hidallan, son of Lamor, whose love she had slighted.
+Fingal was about to marry her when he was called to oppose Caracul, who
+had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill, thought
+she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the shock on
+her nerves was so great that she died.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Comala</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coman'ches</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See
+CAMANCHES.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Comb</b> (<i>Reynard's Wonderful</i>), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone,
+the perfume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following
+it; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb
+existed only in the brain of Master Fox.&mdash;<i>Reynard the Fox</i>, xii.
+(1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Co'me</b> (<i>St</i>.), (see Cosme,) a physician, and patron saint of
+medical practitioners.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;By St. Come!&quot; said the surgeon, &quot;here's a pretty adventure.&quot;&mdash;Lesage,
+(<i>Gil Blas</i>, vii. 1 1735).</p>
+
+<p><b>Come and Take Them.</b> The reply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the
+messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his
+arms.</p>
+
+<p><b>Com'edy</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Aristoph'an&ecirc;s the Athenian (B.C.
+444-380).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comedy (Prince of Ancient)</i>, Aristoph'an&ecirc;s (B.C. 444-380).</p>
+
+<p><i>Comedy (Prince of New)</i>, Menander (B.C. 342-291).</p>
+
+<p><b>Comedy of Errors,</b> by Shakespeare (1593), Aemilia, wife of &AElig;geon,
+had two sons at a birth, and named both of them Antipholus. When grown
+to manhood, each of these sons had a slave named Dromio, also
+twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in infancy,
+and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to Syracuse
+and the other to Ephesus. The play supposes that Antipholus of Syracuse
+goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with his slave,
+Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary likeness of
+the two brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, the wife of the
+Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusan for her husband; but he behaves so
+strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true husband
+arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusan brother
+being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband broken loose,
+sends to capture him; but he flees into a convent. Adriana now lays her
+complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess comes into court. So both
+brothers face each other, the mistakes are explained, and the abbess
+turns out to be Aemilia, the mother of the twin brothers. Now, it so
+happened that &AElig;geon, searching for his son, also came to Ephesus, and
+was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death, because he, a Syracusan,
+had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however, hearing the story, pardoned
+him. Thus &AElig;geon found his wife in the abbess, the parents their twin
+sons, and each son his long-lost brother.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The plot of this comedy is copied from the <i>Menaechm&iacute;</i> of Plautus.</p>
+
+<p><b>Comhal</b> or <b>Combal,</b> son of Trathal, and father of Fingal. His
+queen was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was slain in battle,
+fighting against the tribe of Morni, the very day that Fingal was
+born.&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+Fingal said to Aldo, &quot;I was born in the battle.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Ossian, <i>The Battle of Lora</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Comines</b> [<i>Cum'.in</i>]. Philip des Comines, the favorite minister of
+Charles, &quot;the Bold,&quot; Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by Sir W. Scott, in
+<i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Commander of the Faithful</b> (<i>Emir al Mumenin</i>), a title assumed by
+Omar I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644).</p>
+
+<p><b>Comminges</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.) (<i>Count de</i>), the hero of a novel so-called by
+Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749).</p>
+
+<p><b>Committee</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a
+Cromwellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a
+dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into his
+hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former he calls
+Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter; the latter he wants to
+marry to his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love with Colonel Careless,
+and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into her hands the
+deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and when Mr. Day
+arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of certain deeds
+which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670).</p>
+
+<p>T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of <i>The
+Honest Thieves</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Common</b> (<i>Dol</i>), an ally of Subtle the alchemist.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>The
+Alchemist</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Commoner</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to
+reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent. to 3 per
+cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full if
+he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also
+(1759-1806).</p>
+
+<p><b>Comne'nus</b> (<i>Alexius</i>), emperor of Greece, introduced by Sir. W.
+Scott in <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><i>Anna Comne'na</i> the historian, daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor
+of Greece.&mdash;Same novel.</p>
+
+<p><b>Compeyson</b>, a would-be gentleman and a forger. He duped Abel
+Magwitch and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He
+also jilted Miss Havisham.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Com'rade</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), the horse given by a fairy to Fortunio.</p>
+
+He has many rare qualities ... first he eats<br>
+but once in eight days; and then he knows<br>
+what's past, present, and to come [and speaks<br>
+with the voice of a man].&mdash;Comtesse DAunoy,<br>
+<i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Fortunio.&quot; 1682).<br>
+
+<p><b>Comus</b>, the god of revelry. In Milton's &quot;masque&quot; so called, the
+&quot;lady&quot; is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton,
+and the elder brother is Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of John,
+earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long
+walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to gather
+&quot;cooling fruit&quot; for her. She sings to let them know her whereabouts, and
+Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a cottage till her brothers
+could be found. The brothers, hearing a noise of revelry, become alarmed
+about their sister, when her guardian spirit informs them that she has
+fallen into the hands of Comus. They run to her rescue, and arrive just
+as the god is offering his captive a potion; the brothers seize the cup
+and dash it on the ground, while the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks
+the spell and releases the lady (1634).</p>
+
+<p><b>Conach'ar,</b> the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover
+of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine,
+called &quot;the fair maid of Perth;&quot; but Catharine loves and ultimately
+marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian
+Eachin [<i>Hector</i>] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair
+Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Conar,</b> son of Trenmor, and first &quot;king of Ireland.&quot; When the
+Fir-bolg (or belgae from Britain settled in the <i>south</i> of Ireland) had
+reduced the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the <i>north</i> of
+Ireland) to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for
+aid. Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with an
+army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission,
+assumed the title of &quot;king of Ireland.&quot; Conar was succeeded by his son
+Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho
+by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac (after a slight interregnum)
+by Ferad-Artho (restored by Fingal).&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Concord Hymn</b>, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning:</p>
+
+&quot;By the rude bridge that arched the flood,<br>
+Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,<br>
+Here once the embattled farmers stood<br>
+And fired the shot heard round the world.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836.</p>
+
+<p><b>Conkey Chickweed</b>, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in
+order to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and
+others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver
+Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Con'lath,</b> youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (<i>a
+man's name</i>). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma, but
+before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was
+hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar carried
+her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath they both
+fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of grief.&mdash;Ossian,
+<i>Conlath and Cuthona</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Connal</b>, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend
+of Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who
+counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very
+opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.&mdash;Ossian,
+<i>Fingal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Con'nel</b> (<i>Father</i>), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle
+affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called
+Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's novel
+called <i>Father Connell</i> (1842).</p>
+
+<i>Father Connell</i> is not unworthy of association<br>
+with the Protestant <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>.&mdash;R.<br>
+Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, ii. 612.<br>
+
+<p><b>Coningsby</b>, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for
+portraits; thus: &quot;Croker&quot; represents Rigby; &quot;Menmouth,&quot; Lord Hertford;
+&quot;Eskdale,&quot; Lowther; &quot;Ormsby,&quot; Irving; &quot;Lucretia,&quot; Mde. Zichy; &quot;Countess
+Colonna,&quot; Lady Strachan; &quot;Sidonia,&quot; Baron A. de Rothschild; &quot;Henry
+Sidney,&quot; Lord John Manners; &quot;Belvoir,&quot; Duke of Rutland, second son of
+Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith Millbank, the
+daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for Parliament and
+marries Edith.</p>
+
+<p><b>Conqueror</b> (<i>The</i>). Alexander the Great, <i>The Conqueror of the
+World</i> (B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185).
+Aurungzebe the Great, called <i>Alemgir</i> (1618, 1659-4707), James of
+Aragon (1206, 1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish
+Empire (1259, 1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called <i>Conquistador</i>,
+because he conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who
+obtained England by conquest (1027,1066-1137).</p>
+
+<p><b>Con'rad</b> (<i>Lord</i>), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud,
+ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed], was
+about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise of a
+dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was released
+by Gulnare (<i>2 syl</i>.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and fled with
+her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he left the island
+with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was
+shot.&mdash;Lord Byron, <i>The Corsair</i>, continued in <i>Lara</i> (1814). <b>Conrad
+Dryfoos,</b> the son of a rich man, the backer and virtual proprietor of
+<i>Every Other Week</i>, in W. D. Howells's novel, <i>A Hazard of New
+Fortunes</i>.</p>
+
+&quot;He's got a good head and he wanted to study<br>
+for the ministry when they were all living together<br>
+out on the farm ... You know they used<br>
+to think that any sort of stuff was good enough<br>
+to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the<br>
+good timber for business, and so the old man<br>
+wouldn't let him.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a mortal
+wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the police, who
+are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Con'rade</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don
+Pedro, Prince of Aragon).&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado About Nothing</i> (1600).</p>
+
+<p><i>Conrade</i> (<i>2 syl.</i>), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the grand-master
+of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de Lion. He was
+unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the Templar.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Constance</b>, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey
+Plantagenet.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>King John</i> (1598).</p>
+
+Mrs. Bartley's &quot;Lady Macbeth,&quot; &quot;Constance,&quot;<br>
+and &quot;Queen Katherine&quot; [<i>Henry VIII.</i>], were<br>
+powerful embodiments, and I question if they<br>
+have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).&mdash;J.<br>
+Adolphus, <i>Recollections</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Constance</i>, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by Wildrake,
+a country squire, fond of field sports. &quot;Her beauty rich, richer her
+grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all.&quot; She was &quot;the
+mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;&quot; she danced well,
+sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's playmate, and
+became her husband.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Love Chase</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><i>Constance</i>, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of
+Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had &quot;beauty to shame young love's
+most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth to
+keep her woman.&quot; By an absurd law of Charles &quot;the Good,&quot; earl of
+Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of
+luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf; her
+aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a serf).
+She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The
+Provost of Bruges</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><i>Constance Varley</i>. American girl traveling in the East with friends,
+and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for
+years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of
+pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The words
+are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding divides them
+forever. A year later she marries another man who loves her sincerely
+without appreciating the finest part of her nature.</p>
+
+<p>A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait:</p>
+
+&quot;I discern<br>
+Infinite passion and the pain<br>
+Of finite hearts that yearn.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+&quot;There was a singular suggestion of sadness<br>
+about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small<br>
+close mouth.&quot;&mdash;Julia C. Fletcher, <i>Mirage</i><br>
+(1882).<br>
+
+<p><b>Constans</b>, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the
+three sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and
+Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father he
+laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be
+assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded
+Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther
+Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans was
+Arthur's uncle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Constant</b> (<i>Ned</i>), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she
+intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.&mdash;Vanbrugh, <i>The
+Provoked Wife</i> (1697).</p>
+
+<p><i>Constant</i> (<i>Sir Bashful</i>), a younger brother of middle life, who
+tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He
+marries a woman of quality, but finding; it <i>comme il faut</i> not to let
+his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and
+though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not. He
+is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an example
+of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, &quot;What is mere good nature but a
+fool?&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Constant</i>, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense,
+wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an attempt
+to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold indifference.&mdash;A.
+Murphy, <i>The Way to Keep Him</i> (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Constan'tia,</b> sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress
+of the duke of Ferrara.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Chances</i> (1620).</p>
+
+<p><i>Constantia</i>, a <i>prot&eacute;g&eacute;e</i> of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in love
+with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.&mdash;C.
+Macklin, <i>The Man of the World</i> (1764).</p>
+
+<p><b>Con'stantine</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined
+Anlaf (a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated
+at Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner.</p>
+
+Our English Athelstan ...<br>
+Made all the Isle his own,<br>
+And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. 3 (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Constantinople</b> (<i>Little</i>), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from
+its extent and its prosperity. Demosthen&ecirc;s calls it &quot;the granary of
+Athens.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Consuelo</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst
+of temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George
+Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant).</p>
+
+<p><b>Contemporaneous Discoveries.</b> Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at
+the same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at
+the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time
+the vertebral system. <i>The Penny Cyclopaedia</i> and <i>Chambers's Journal</i>
+were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is
+claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and
+Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and Adams
+discovered at the same time the planet Neptune.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This list may be extended to a very great length.</p>
+
+<p><b>Contented Man</b> (<i>The</i>). Subject of a
+poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745</p>
+
+No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts,<br>
+And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults,<br>
+He makes his GOD his everlasting tower<br>
+And in His firm munition stands secure.<br>
+
+<p><b>Contest</b> <i>(Sir Adam</i>). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he
+married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His
+second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a
+pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first
+wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir
+Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Contest</i>, the bride of Sir Adam, &quot;young, extremely lively, and
+prodigiously beautiful.&quot; She had been brought up in the country, and
+treated as a child, so her <i>na&iuml;vet&eacute;</i> was quite captivating. When she
+quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, &quot;Good-by, Sir Adam, good-by.
+I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really unhappy if I
+did not know that your happiness will be infinitely greater with your
+first wife.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. Contest</i>, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.&mdash;Mrs.
+Inchbald, <i>The Wedding Day</i> (1790).</p>
+
+<p><b>Continence.</b></p>
+
+<p>ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the
+family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies as
+queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch, having
+escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for Alexander had
+shown himself the most continent and generous of men.&mdash;Arrian, <i>Anabasis
+of Alexander</i>, iv. 20.</p>
+
+<p>SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a
+beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, &quot;lest he should be
+tempted to forget his principles.&quot; It is, moreover, said that he sent
+her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to
+whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was
+depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the
+seventeenth century.</p>
+
+E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold,<br>
+Might have forgot his virtue at her sight.<br>
+<br>
+N. Rowe, <i>Tamerlane</i>, iii. 3 (1702.)<br>
+
+<p>ANSON, when he took the <i>Senhora Theresa de Jesus</i>, refused even to see
+the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he was
+resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of a
+mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was &quot;of surpassing
+beauty.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Conven'tual Friars</b> are those who live in <i>convents</i>, contrary to
+the rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land,
+books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder
+are called &quot;Observant Friars.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Conversation Sharp,</b> Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cook who Killed Himself</b> (<i>The</i>). Vatel killed himself in 1671,
+because the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be
+served up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Cond&eacute; to
+the king.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cooks of Modern Times.</b> Car&ecirc;me, called &quot;The Regenerator of Cookery&quot;
+(1784-1833). Charles Elm&eacute; Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in the
+Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude, Gouff&eacute;,
+and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cookery</b> (<i>Regenerator of</i>), Car&ecirc;me (1784-1833.)</p>
+
+<p>(Ude, Gouff&eacute;, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cooper</b> (<i>Anthony Ashly</i>,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W.
+Scott in <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cophet'ua</b> or <b>Copet'hua</b>, a mythical king of Africa, of great
+wealth, who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name
+was Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in <i>Love's
+Labour's Lost</i>, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in <i>The
+Beggar-Maid.</i>&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, I. ii. 6.</p>
+
+<p><b>Copley</b> (<i>Sir Thomas</i>), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at
+Woodstock.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Copper Captain</b> (<i>A</i>), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but
+with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his
+person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own
+trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to be
+the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady &quot;pearls,&quot; but they
+are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him:</p>
+
+Here's a goodly jewel..<br>
+Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?..<br>
+See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes..<br>
+And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls..<br>
+Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits.<br>
+Put these and them on you're a man of copper,<br>
+A copper,... copper captain.<br>
+<br>
+Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and<br>
+Have a Wife</i> (1640).<br>
+
+<p><b>Copperfleld</b> (<i>David</i>), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens.
+David is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to
+the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where Mr.
+Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow married
+Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of David a
+dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone sent David
+to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to Messrs.
+Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse, and set to
+paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon became tired of
+this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was kindly received by
+his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him, and sent him as
+day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with Mr. Wickfield, a
+lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a mutual attachment
+sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but at the death of this
+pretty little &quot;child-wife,&quot; he married Agnes Wickfield.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Copperheads</b>, members of a faction in the North, during the civil
+war in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that
+gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed or
+secret foe. (<i>The Trigonecephalus contortrix</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Coppernose</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed
+so much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear
+in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets
+&quot;Coppernosed Harry,&quot; &quot;Old Copper-nose,&quot; etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Copple</b>, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called
+<i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cora</b>, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of
+Rolla, general of the Peruvian army.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i> (altered from
+Kotzebue, 1799).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cora Munro</b>, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the
+sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's <i>Last of the Mohicans.</i> Cora
+loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself,
+attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives to
+gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice
+between death and his wigwam.</p>
+
+Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once<br>
+more he struggled with himself and lifted<br>
+the keen weapon again&mdash;but just then a piercing<br>
+cry was heard above them, and Uncas<br>
+appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful<br>
+height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step,<br>
+and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance,<br>
+sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.<br>
+(1826).<br>
+
+<p><b>Co'rah,</b> in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Architophel</i>, is meant
+for Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and
+Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and
+English papists. As Corah was punished by &quot;going down alive into the
+pit,&quot; so Oates was &quot;condemned to imprisonment for life,&quot; after being
+publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus Oates
+as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the centre of
+a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in the
+circumference.</p>
+
+Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud,<br>
+Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud;<br>
+His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace,<br>
+A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face;<br>
+His memory miraculously great<br>
+Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat.<br>
+<br>
+Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i. (1631).<br>
+
+<p><b>Corbac'cio</b> <i>(Signior)</i>, the dupe of Mosca
+the knavish confederate of Vol'pone (<i>2
+syl</i>.). He is an old man, with seeing and
+hearing faint, and understanding dulled
+to childishness, yet he wishes to live on,
+and</p>
+
+Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself<br>
+Younger by scores of years; flatters his age<br>
+With confident belying it; hopes he may<br>
+With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored.<br>
+<br>
+Ben Jonson, <i>Volpone or the Fox</i> (1605).<br>
+<br>
+
+<p>Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed
+to be proud to wear the poet's double name, and
+was particularly great in all that author's plays
+that were usually performed, viz &quot;Wasp,&quot; in
+<i>Bartholomew Fair</i>; &quot;Corbaccio;&quot; &quot;Morose,&quot; in
+<i>The Silent Woman</i>; and &quot;Ananias,&quot; in <i>The Alchemist</i>.&mdash;Chetwood.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in &quot;Corbaccio&quot;
+could forget his effective mode of exclaiming &quot;Has he made his will?
+What has he given me!&quot; but Parsons himself says: &quot;Ah! to see 'Corbaccio'
+acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The public are pleased
+to think that I act that part well, but his acting was as far superior
+to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'bant,</b> the rook, in the beast-epic of <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).
+(French, <i>corbeau</i>, &quot;a rook.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Corce'ca</b> <i>(3 syl</i>.), mother of Abessa. The word means &quot;blindness of
+heart,&quot; or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca shut
+the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una broke
+down the door. The &quot;lion&quot; means <i>England</i>, &quot;Corceca&quot; <i>popery</i>, &quot;Una&quot;
+<i>protestantism</i>, and &quot;breaking down the door&quot; <i>the
+Reformation</i>.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, i. 3 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corday</b> (<i>Marie Anne Charlotte</i>), descendant of the poet Corneille.
+Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was
+guillotined for the deed, July, 1793.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corde'lia</b>, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by
+her royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent
+than those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when
+her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his suite,
+she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however, taken
+captive, thrown into prison, and died there.</p>
+
+Her voice was ever soft,<br>
+Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i>, act v. sc. 3 (1605).<br>
+
+<p><b>Corflam'bo</b>, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by
+Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas,
+and proved a good wife to him.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 8 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coriat</b> (<i>Thomas</i>) died 1617, author of a book called <i>Crudities</i>.</p>
+
+Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek,<br>
+As naturally as pigs do squeak.<br>
+<br>
+Lionel Cranfield, <i>Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat</i><br>
+
+But if the meaning was as far to seek<br>
+As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek,<br>
+When in that tongue he made a speech at length,<br>
+To show the beast the greatness of his strength.<br>
+<br>
+G. Wither, <i>Abuses Stript and Whipt</i> (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Corey</b> (<i>Bromfield</i>). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D.
+Howells's story, <i>The Rise of Silas Lapham</i>. His father complains of his
+want of energy and artistic tastes, but allows him &quot;to travel
+indefinitely.&quot; He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and
+paints an amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family,
+but continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working
+at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says
+anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved. At
+heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout he is
+the <i>gentleman</i> in grain, and incorruptible (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corin</b>, &quot;the faithful shepherdess,&quot; who, having lost her true love
+by death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest of
+her life, and was called &quot;The Virgin of the Grove.&quot; The shepherd Thenot
+(final <i>t</i> pronounced) fell in love with her for her &quot;fidelity,&quot; and to
+cure him of his attachment she pretended to love him in return. This
+broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that reverence of love he
+before entertained. Corin was skilled &quot;in the dark, hidden virtuous use
+of herbs,&quot; and says:</p>
+
+Of all green wounds I know the remedies<br>
+In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes,<br>
+Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art,<br>
+Or be they love-sick.<br>
+
+<p>&mdash;John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, i. 1,
+(1610).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cor'in, Corin'eus</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), or <i>Corine'us</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.) &quot;strongest
+of mortal men,&quot; and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king
+of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.)</p>
+
+<p>From Corin came it first? [<i>i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling</i>].</p>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, i. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corineus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>). Southey throws the accent on the <i>first</i>
+syllable, and Spenser on the <i>second</i>. One of the suite of Brute. He
+overthrew the giant Go&euml;m'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded
+with the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the
+inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN).</p>
+
+<p>Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning of
+the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held each
+other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but Go&euml;magot
+presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three of his ribs,
+two on his right side and one on his left. At which Corineus, highly
+enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching up the giant, ran
+with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore, and getting on to
+the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the sea ... The place
+where he fell is called Lam Go&euml;magot or Go&euml;magot's Leap, to this
+day.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, i. 16 (1142).</p>
+
+<p>When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first.</p>
+
+<p>Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, vi. (1805).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned.</p>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1500).</p>
+
+<p>Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent
+on the last but one.</p>
+
+<p>Which to their general then great Corine'us had.</p>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, i. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corinna</b>, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over
+Pindar at the public games (fl. B.C. 490).</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... they raised</span><br>
+A tent of satin, elaborately wrought<br>
+With fair Corinna's triumph.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><i>Corinna</i>, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet. Sir
+John Vanbrugh, <i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p>
+
+See lively Pope advance in jig and trip<br>
+&quot;Corinna,&quot; &quot;Cherry,&quot; &quot;Honeycomb,&quot; and &quot;Snip;&quot;<br>
+Not without art, but yet to nature true,<br>
+She charms the town with humor just yet new.<br>
+<br>
+Churchill, <i>Roseiad</i> (1761).<br>
+
+<p>Corinne' (2 <i>syl</i>.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Sta&euml;l.
+Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away.</p>
+
+<p><i>A Corinthian</i>, a rake, a &quot;fast man.&quot; Prince Henry says (1 <i>Henry IV</i>.
+act ii. sc. 4.) &quot;[<i>They</i>] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff, but
+a Corinthian, a lad of mettle.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Corinthian Tom,</b> &quot;a fast man,&quot; the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's
+<i>Life in London</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coriola'nus</b> <i>(Caius Marcius</i>), called Coriolanus from his victory
+at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (<i>not Volumnia</i>), and his wife
+Volumnia (not <i>Virgilia</i>). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La Harpe
+has also a drama entitled <i>Coriolan</i>, produced in 1781.&mdash;Livy, <i>Annals</i>,
+ii. 40.</p>
+
+<p>I remember her [<i>Mrs. Siddons</i>] coming down the stage in the triumphal
+entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that shook
+the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the music,
+rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her son.
+Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and lit up
+her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.&mdash;C.M. Young.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corita'ni,</b> the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire,
+Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to
+them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cormac I.,</b> son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as &quot;king
+of Ireland,&quot; and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the
+Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been
+subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such
+extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large
+army, utterly defeated Colculla &quot;lord of Atha,&quot; and re-established
+Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave
+Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first son.
+Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho;
+Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a short
+interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.&mdash;Ossian.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cormac II.</b> (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father
+Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [<i>Scandinavia</i>] invaded
+Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin. Fingal's
+arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran was routed
+and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign Torlath
+rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by Cuthullin, who,
+however, was himself mortally wounded by a random arrow during the
+persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in insurrection, murdered the
+young king, and usurped the government. His success, however, was only
+of short duration, for having invited Oscar to a feast, he treacherously
+slew him, and was himself slain at the same time. His brother Cathmor
+succeeded for a few days, when he also was slain in battle by Fingal,
+and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar (first king of Ireland, a
+Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac I; Cormac I. was succeeded
+by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac
+II.; and Cormac II (after a short interregnum) by his cousin
+Ferad-Artho.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal, Dar-Thula and Temora</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'mack</b> <i>(Donald)</i>, a Highland robber-chief.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair
+Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'malo,</b> a &quot;chief of ten thousand spears,&quot; who lived near the
+waters of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island
+of Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and &quot;sought the honor of
+the spear&quot; (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted
+with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a
+hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and his
+brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when their dog
+Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract attention.
+Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In the mean time
+his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son of Ossian,
+heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to Lano,
+encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the daughter, he took
+her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her father.&mdash;Ossian, <i>The
+War of Inis-Thona.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'moran'</b> <i>(The Giant</i>)<b>,</b> a Cornish giant slain by Jack the
+Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a
+mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop, that
+the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head and
+killed him.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cornavii,</b> the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire,
+Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his
+<i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corne'lia,</b> wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two
+tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans, who
+erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA, MOTHER
+OF THE GRACCHI.</p>
+
+Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows<br>
+Of Agrippina<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cornet</b>, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence
+because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to her,
+&quot;Your ladyship looks very ill this morning,&quot; which the French
+waiting-woman contradicted by saying, &quot;My opinion be, matam, dat your
+latyship never look so well in all your life.&quot; Lady Fanciful said to
+Cornet, &quot;Get out of the room, I can't endure you;&quot; and then turning to
+Mdlle, she added, &quot;This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by,
+Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are certainly
+well-mannered, and never flatter.&quot;&mdash;Vanbrugh, <i>The Provoked Wife</i>
+(1697).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and his
+secretary Gil Blas.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corney</b> (<i>Mrs</i>.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was
+born. She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the
+pompous beadle to a hen-pecked husband.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>,
+xxxvii. (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cornflower</b> (<i>Henry</i>), a farmer, who &quot;beneath a rough outside,
+possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Cornflower</i>, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted by
+Sir Charles Courtly.&mdash;Dibdin, <i>The Farmer's Wife</i> (1789).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corniole Giovanni delle</b>, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the
+cognomen given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di
+Medici. His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corn-Law Rhymer</b> (<i>The</i>), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cornwall</b> (<i>Barry</i>), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor,
+author of <i>English Songs</i> (1788-1874).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corombona</b> (<i>Vittoria</i>), the White Devil, the chief character in a
+drama by John Webster, entitled <i>The White Devil, or Vittoria Corombona</i>
+(1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coro'nis</b>, daughter of Phor&ocirc;neus (3 <i>syl</i>.) king of Pho'cis,
+metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. <b>Corporal</b> (<i>The Little</i>).
+General Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corrector</b> (<i>Alexander the</i>), Alexander Cruden, author of the
+<i>Concordance to the Bible</i>, for many years a corrector of the press, in
+London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals and
+manners of the world (1701-1770).</p>
+
+<p><b>Courrouge</b>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous
+Saracen, nephew of Farracute (3 <i>syl</i>.). Otuel was in the end converted
+to Christianity.</p>
+
+<p><b>Corsair</b> (<i>The</i>), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that
+the Sultan Seyd [<i>Seed</i>] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the
+disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire to
+the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon, but
+being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her to the
+Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling) had died
+during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare, returned to his
+native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.&mdash;Byron, <i>The Corsair</i>,
+continued in <i>Lara</i> (1814).</p>
+
+<p>(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious
+buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services rendered
+to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on New Orleans).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'sand,</b> a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at
+Kippletringan.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time George II).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corsican General</b> (<i>The</i>), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica
+(1769-1821).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'sina,</b> wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the
+boat as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her
+foster-children, Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy,
+<i>Fairy Tales</i> (The Princess Fairstar, 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corte'jo,</b> a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in <i>Beppo</i>:</p>
+
+Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call,<br>
+And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl.<br>
+<br>
+Was it not for this that no cortejo ere<br>
+I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille?<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, i. 148 (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corvi'no</b> (<i>Signior</i>), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into
+believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>Volpone or the Fox</i>
+(1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coryate's Crudities</b>, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who
+called himself the &quot;Odcombian Legstretcher.&quot; He was the son of the
+rector of Odcombe (1577&mdash;1617).</p>
+
+<p><b>Corycian Nymphs</b> (<i>The</i>), the Muses, so called from the cave of
+Coryc&icirc;a on Lyeor&ccedil;a, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in
+Greece.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cor'ydon,</b> a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the <i>Idylls</i>
+of Theocritos; the <i>Eclogues</i> of Virgil; <i>The Cantata</i>, v., of Hughes,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cor'ydon</i>, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto
+9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously,
+and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks and
+herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, vi. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cor'ydon</i>, the shoemaker, a citizen.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of
+Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coryphaeus of German Literature</b> <i>(The)</i>, Goethe.</p>
+
+<p>The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German
+literature.&mdash;W. R. Morfell, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, April 27, 1878.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coryphe'us</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios
+or leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called <i>The
+Corypheus of Grammarians</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cosette.</b> Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian <i>grisette</i>. She
+puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the
+little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who
+nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.&mdash;Victor
+Hugo, <i>Les Miserables.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cosme</b> <i>(St.)</i>, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised
+medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered
+martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their f&ecirc;te day is December 27.
+In the twelfth century there was a medical society called <i>Saint Cosme</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cos'miel</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the genius of the world. He gave to
+Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and
+planets.&mdash;Kircher, <i>Ecstatic Journey to Heaven.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cosmos</b>, the personification of &quot;the world&quot; as the enemy of man.
+Phineas Fletcher calls him &quot;the first son to the Dragon red&quot; (<i>the
+devil</i>). &quot;Mistake,&quot; he says, &quot;points all his darts;&quot; or, as the Preacher
+says, &quot;Vanity, vanity, all is vanity.&quot; Fully described in <i>The Purple
+Island</i>, viii (1633). (Greek, <i>kosmos</i>, &quot;the world.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cos'tard,</b> a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's
+time. He uses the word &quot;honorificabilitudinitatibus,&quot; and some of his
+blunders are very ridiculous, as &quot;ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends, as
+they say&quot; (act v. I).&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Costigan</b>, Irish Captain in <i>Pendennis</i>, W. M. Thackeray.</p>
+
+<p><b>Costin</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, disguised as a beggar, in <i>The Beggar's Bush</i>, a
+drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cote Male-tail&eacute;</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, meaning the &quot;knight with the villainous
+coat,&quot; the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to
+Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with
+all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to
+his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that &quot;had broken
+loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen.&quot; He married a
+damsel called Maledisaunt (3 <i>syl</i>.), who loved him, but always chided
+him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, ii. 42-50 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cotter's Saturday Night</b>; Poem in which Burns depicts the household
+of a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of
+the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture of
+the &quot;Saint, the Father and the Husband&quot; is drawn the poet's own father.
+<b>Cotyt&acute;to,</b> Groddess of the Ed&otilde;ni of Thrace. Her orgies resembled
+those of the Thracian Cyb&acute;el&ecirc; (<i>3 syl</i>).</p>
+
+Hail goddess of nocturnal sport,<br>
+Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame<br>
+Of midnight torches burns.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 136, etc. (1634.)</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Coulin</b>, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm
+132 feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he
+fell backwards into the pit and was killed.</p>
+
+And eke that ample pit yet far renowned<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the great leap which Debon did compell</span><br>
+Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Into which the returning back he fell.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Spencer, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1590.)</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Count of Narbonne</b>, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father,
+Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring Godfrey's
+right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in love with
+Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this dilemma: if he
+married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and obtain the
+possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if, on the other
+hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in combat, he could
+not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end the count killed
+Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from Walpole's <i>Castle
+of Otranto</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Count Robert of Paris</b>, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of
+his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can
+afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember that
+the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of the
+novel is the reign of Rufus. <b>Country</b> (<i>Father of his</i>). Cicero was
+so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius C&aelig;sar was so called
+after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43). Augustus C&aelig;sar
+was called <i>Pater atque Princeps</i> (B.C. 63, 31-14). Cosmo de Med&acute;ici
+(1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal counsellor of the
+American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so called on the base of
+his statue in Gen&acute;oa (1468-1560). Andronlcus Palaeol&acute;ogus II. assumed
+the title (1260-1332). (See 1 <i>Chron</i>. iv. 14).</p>
+
+<p><b>Country Girl</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly.
+The &quot;country girl&quot; is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas
+Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect
+seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her, but
+she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age and
+position.</p>
+
+<p><b>Country Wife</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675).</p>
+
+Pope was proud to receive notice from the<br>
+author of <i>The Country Wife</i>.&mdash;R. Chambers,<br>
+<i>English Literature</i>, i. 393.<br>
+
+<p><b>Coupee</b>, the dancing-master, who says &quot;if it were not for
+dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels.&quot; He
+courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.&mdash;Fielding, <i>The Virgin
+Unmasked.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cour&acute;tain,</b> one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican.
+His other sword was Sauvagine.</p>
+
+But Ogier gazed upon it [<i>the sea</i>] doubtfully<br>
+One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said,<br>
+&quot;What tales are these?&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">W. Morris, <i>The Earthly Paradise</i> (&quot;August&quot;).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Courtall</b>, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his
+love-conquests over ladies of the <i>haut monde</i>. He tries to corrupt Lady
+Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's
+Stratagem</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Courtly</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), a young libertine, who abducted the
+beautiful wife of Farmer Cornflower.&mdash;Dibdin, <i>The Farmer's Wife</i>
+(1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cousin Copeland</b>, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who
+lives in &quot;Old Gardiston,&quot; the home of his ancestors &quot;befo' de wah.&quot; He
+has but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a
+ruffled shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among
+&quot;documents,&quot; his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change
+he keeps up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to
+elevate his gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be
+heard above the rain and wind, it fails.</p>
+
+&quot;Four days afterward he died, gentle and<br>
+placid to the last. He was an old man, although<br>
+no one had ever thought so.&quot;&mdash;Constance<br>
+Fennimore Woolson, <i>Southern Sketches</i>, (1880).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cousin Michel</b> or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is
+of an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss,
+John Chinaman a Chinese, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Couvade&acute;</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), a man who takes the place of his wife when she
+is in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does
+the household duties. The people called &quot;Gold Tooth,&quot; in the confines of
+Burmah, are <i>couvades</i>. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom still
+exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common in
+Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr.</p>
+
+<p>Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West Indies,
+the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of California, in
+Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago. Diodorus speaks
+of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says the custom
+prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius that the
+Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In the Tabarenian land,</span><br>
+When some good woman bears her lord a babe,<br>
+'<i>Tis he</i> is swathed, and groaning put to bed;<br>
+While she arising tends his bath and serves<br>
+Nice possets for her husband in the straw.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Apollonius Rhodius, <i>Argonautic Exp</i></span><br>
+
+<p><b>Cov&acute;erley</b> (<i>Sir Roger de</i>), a member of an hypothetical club, noted
+for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most
+courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most
+amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers of the
+<i>Spectator</i>, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country gentleman of
+Queen Anne's time.</p>
+
+What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without<br>
+his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If<br>
+the good knight did not call out to the people<br>
+sleeping in church, and say &quot;Amen&quot; with such<br>
+delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde.<br>
+Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple<br>
+Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of<br>
+what worth were he to us? We love him for his<br>
+vanities as much as for his virtues.&mdash;Thackeray.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cowards</b> and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Parol&egrave;s and Pistol; in
+Ben Jonson, Bob&acute;adil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet,
+the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore,
+and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF,
+CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA, etc.)</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Cowper</b>, called &quot;Author of <i>The Task</i>,&quot; from his principal poem
+(1731-1800).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coxcomb</b> (<i>The Prince of</i>) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne
+(1535-1614).</p>
+
+<p>Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400).</p>
+
+<p>Henri III, of France, <i>Le Mignon</i> (1551, 1574-1589).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coxe</b> (<i>Captain</i>), one of the masques at Kenilworth.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Coy Bishop.</b> Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in
+Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' <i>Story of Avis</i>. &quot;Her face is as innocent of
+sarcasm as a mocking bird's;&quot; she &quot;is one of the immortal few who can
+look pretty in their crimping-pins;&quot; she &quot;has the glibness of most
+unaccentuated natures;&quot; she admires Avis without comprehending her, and
+she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young clergyman.
+(1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crabshaw</b> (<i>Timothy</i>), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's
+squire.&mdash;Smollett, <i>Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves</i> (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crab&acute;tree,</b> in Smollett's novel called <i>The Adventures of Peregine
+Pickle</i> (1751).</p>
+
+<p><i>Crab&acute;tree</i>, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, <i>The
+School for Scandal</i> (1777).</p>
+
+<p><i>Crab&acute;tree</i>, a gardener at Fairport.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i>
+(time George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crac</b> (<i>M. de</i>), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French
+operetta.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crack&acute;enthorp</b> (<i>Father</i>), a publican.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dolly Crackenthorp</i>, daughter of the publican.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crackit</b> (<i>Flash Toby</i>), one of the villains in the attempted
+burglary in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cra'dlemont</b>, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for
+Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Coming of
+Arthur</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cradock</b> (<i>Sir</i>), the only knight who could carve the boar's head
+which no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could
+quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King
+Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither by
+a boy during Christmas-tide.&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques, etc.</i>, III. iii. 18.</p>
+
+<p><b>Craigdal'lie</b> (<i>Adam</i>), the senior baillie of Perth.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Craig'engelt</b> (<i>Captain</i>), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw.
+Sir W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Craik Mamsell.</b> A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the
+innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, <i>Hand and Ring</i> (1883).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cramp</b> (<i>Corporal</i>), under captain Thornton.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Bob
+Roy</i> (time, George I.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cran'bourne</b>, (<i>Sir Jasper</i>), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crane</b> (<i>Dame Alison</i>), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough.</p>
+
+<p><i>Gaffer Crane</i>, the dame's husband.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Kenilworth</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Crane (Ichabod)</i>, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as
+&quot;tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and neck
+unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his feet
+might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung
+together.&quot;</p>
+
+The head of Ichabod Crane was small and<br>
+flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy<br>
+eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked<br>
+like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle<br>
+neck to tell which way the wind blew.&mdash;W. Irving,<br>
+<i>Sketch-Book</i> (&quot;Legend of Sleepy Hollow.&quot;)<br>
+
+<p><b>Cranes</b> (1 <i>syl</i>.). Milton, referring to
+the wars of the pygmies and the cranes,
+calls the former</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">That small infantry</span><br>
+Warred on by cranes.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 575 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cranion</b>, queen Mab's charioteer.</p>
+
+Four nimble gnats the horses were,<br>
+Their harnesses of gossamere,<br>
+Fly Cranion, her charioteer.<br>
+<br>
+M. Dayton, <i>Nymphidia</i> (1563-1631).<br>
+
+<p><b>Crank</b> (<i>Dame</i>), the papist laundress at Marlborough.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Kenilworth</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cra'paud</b> (<i>Johnnie</i>), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman,
+Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a North
+American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient kings of
+France, &quot;three toads erect saltant.&quot; Nostradamus, in the sixteenth
+century, called the French <i>crapauds</i> in the well-known line:</p>
+
+Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara.<br>
+
+<p>(&quot;Sara&quot; is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under Louis
+XIV.) <b>Cratchit</b> (<i>Bob</i> or <i>Robert</i>), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge,
+stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s. a
+week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his
+master with all his wealth and selfishness.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tiny Tim Cratchit</i>, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin
+of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not
+die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him his
+special care.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>A Christmas Carol</i> (in five staves, 1843).</p>
+
+<p><b>Craw'ford</b> (<i>Lindsay, earl of</i>), the young earl-marshal of
+Scotland.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Craw'ford (Lord)</i>, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis l&eacute;s Tours,
+in the pay of Louis XI.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crawley</b> (<i>Sir Pitt</i>), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's
+Crawley, Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet,
+very rich, desperately mean, &quot;a philosopher with a taste for low life,&quot;
+and intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his
+two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to
+become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain
+Rawdon Crawley. This &quot;aristocrat&quot; spoke of &quot;brass fardens,&quot; and was
+unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will
+show:&mdash;&quot;Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on
+Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly.&quot; The whole baronetage, peerage,
+and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean, foolish,
+disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the age of
+fourscore, &quot;lamented and beloved, regretted and honored,&quot; if we can
+believe his monumental tablet.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Crawley</i>. Sir Pitt's first wife was &quot;a confounded quarrelsome,
+high-bred jade.&quot; So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr.
+Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter Butt,
+for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter had
+&quot;pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no
+opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper; she
+was a mere female machine.&quot; Being a &quot;blonde, she wore draggled sea-green
+or slatternly sky-blue dresses,&quot; went about slip-shod and in curl-papers
+all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for the second time
+a widower, &quot;to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures new.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mr. Pitt Crawley</i>, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his
+father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper
+gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and
+white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt
+himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt
+always addressed his mother-in-law with &quot;most powerful respect,&quot; and
+strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton he
+was called &quot;Miss Crawley.&quot; His religious opinions were offensively
+aggressive and of the &quot;evangelical type.&quot; He even built a meeting-house
+close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came into the large
+fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane Sheepshanks,
+daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P., grew money-loving
+and mean, but less and less &quot;evangelical&quot; as he grew great and wealthy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Captain Rawdon Crawley</i>, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was in
+the Dragoon Guards, a &quot;blood about town,&quot; and an adept in boxing,
+rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young
+dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could swear
+a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the servants, who
+nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay his tradesmen; a
+Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, &quot;Aw, aw; Jave-aw;
+Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw&mdash;confounded as I ever smoked.
+Gad-aw.&quot; This military exquisite was the adopted heir of Miss Crawley,
+but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for his brother
+Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor &quot;upon nothing a
+year,&quot; but a great scandal got wind of gross improprieties between Lord
+Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated from his wife, and was given
+the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord Steyne. &quot;His Excellency
+Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of yellow fever, most deeply
+beloved and deplored,&quot; and his son Rawdon inherited his uncle's title
+and the family estates.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Rev. Bute Crawley</i>, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a &quot;tall, stately,
+jolly, shovel-hatted rector.&quot; &quot;He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ Church
+boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev. Bute
+loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections,
+regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very
+popular.&quot; His wife wrote his sermons for him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Bute Crawley</i>, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady,
+domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her &quot;policy.&quot; She gave her husband
+full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and thrifty.&mdash;Thackeray,
+<i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p>
+
+<p><b>Craydocke</b> <i>(Miss).</i> Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of
+everybody else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's <i>Real Folks</i>, and other
+of her books. &quot;Around her there is always springing up a busy and a
+spreading crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is
+none too big for her, or for any such, of course.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cray'on</b> <i>(Le Sieur de</i>), one of the officers of Charles &quot;the Bold,&quot;
+Duke of Burgundy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq.</i>, Washington Irving, author of <i>The
+Sketch-Book</i> (1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crea'kle,</b> a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David
+Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of
+Steerforth.</p>
+
+The circumstance abont him which impressed<br>
+me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in<br>
+a whisper.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i>, vi.<br>
+(1849).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cream Cheese</b> <i>(Rev.)</i>, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs.
+Potiphar is in <i>The Potiphar Papers</i>.&mdash;George William Curtis (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crebillon of Romance</b> <i>(The)</i>, A. Fran&ccedil;ois Pr&eacute;vost d'Exiles
+(1697-1763).</p>
+
+<p><b>Credat Judaeus Apella, nonego</b> (Horace, <i>Sat. I</i>. v. 100). Of
+&quot;Apella&quot; nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and
+the word &quot;Judaeus&quot; stands for any Jew. &quot;A disbelieving Jew would give
+credit to the statement sooner than I should.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cres'sida,</b> in Chaucer <b>Cresseide</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a beautiful,
+sparkling, and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for
+infidelity. She was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took
+part with the Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but
+a mediaeval creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius
+the Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths
+herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus
+gives the maiden a <i>sleeve</i>, and she gives her Adonis a <i>glove</i>, as a
+love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made,
+when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields
+her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given her
+as a love-token.</p>
+
+As false<br>
+As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth.<br>
+Yea, let [<i>men</i>] say to stick the heart of falsehood,<br>
+&quot;As false as Cressid.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+(Shakespeare, <i>Troilus and Cressida</i>, act iii. sc. 2)<br>
+(1602).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cresswell</b> (<i>Madame</i>), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed
+&pound;10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her.
+The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:&mdash;&quot;All I
+shall say of her is this: she was born <i>well</i>, she married <i>well</i>, lived
+<i>well</i>, and died <i>well</i>; for she was born at Shad-well, married
+Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cressy McKinstry.</b> Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty,
+saucy and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education,
+and attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to
+do this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her
+love for him, but will not be &quot;engaged:&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I
+couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without
+it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married to
+backwood Southern girls.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much
+love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married
+to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.&mdash;Bret Harte, <i>Cressy</i>
+(1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crete</b> (<i>Hound of</i>), a blood-hound.&mdash;See <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>,
+act iii. sec. 2.</p>
+
+Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again,<br>
+O hound of Crete!<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>. act ii. sc. 1 (1599).</p>
+
+<p><i>Crete (The Infamy of)</i>, the Minotaur.</p>
+
+[<i>There</i>] lay stretched<br>
+The infamy of Crete, detested brood<br>
+Of the feigned heifer.<br>
+Dante, <i>Hell</i>, xii. (1300, Cary's translation).<br>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Cr&egrave;vecour</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). The count Philip de Cr&egrave;vecour is the envoy
+sent by Charles &quot;the Bold,&quot; duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis
+XI., king of France.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Countess of Cr&egrave;vecour</i>, wife of the count.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crib</b> (<i>Tom</i>), Thomas Moore, author of <i>Tom Crib's Memorial to
+Congress</i> (1819).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crillon.</b> The following story is told of this brave but
+simple-minded officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to
+him thus:</p>
+
+<p>Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu &agrave; Arques, et tu n'y &eacute;tais
+pas.</p>
+
+<p>The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in France.</p>
+
+<p>When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he grew
+so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, <i>O&ugrave; &eacute;tais tu,
+Crillon</i>? (&quot;What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such atrocity!&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: symbol] When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he
+exclaimed, &quot;Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the
+wrong, I warrant.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Crimo'ra and Connal.</b> Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with
+Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his
+&quot;sweeting&quot; to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is
+ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went
+against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but unknown
+to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged an arrow
+at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in agony to
+his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and both were
+buried in one grave. Ossian, <i>Carric-Thura.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cringle</b> (<i>Tom</i>), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, <i>Tom Cringle's
+Log</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crispin</b> (<i>St.</i>). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers,
+born at Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France
+(about A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers,
+that they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town
+ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they
+were made the tutelary saints of the &quot;gentle craft.&quot; St. Crispin's Day
+is October 25.</p>
+
+This day is called the feast of Crispian..<br>
+And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,<br>
+From this day to the ending of the world,<br>
+But we in it shall be remembered.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Henry V</i>. act iv. sc. 3 (1599).</p>
+
+<p><b>Critic</b> (<i>A Bossu</i>), one who criticizes the &quot;getting up&quot; of a book
+more than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. R&eacute;ne le Bossu
+was a French critic (1631-1680).</p>
+
+The epic poem your lordship bade me look at,<br>
+upon taking the length, breadth, height, and<br>
+depth of it, and trying them at home upon an<br>
+exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every<br>
+one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur!<br>
+&mdash;Sterne.<br>
+
+<p>(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician,
+and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a
+pun is intended).</p>
+
+<p><i>Critic (The)</i>, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1779).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> <i>The Rehearsal</i> is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671).</p>
+
+<p><b>Critics</b> (<i>The Prince of</i>), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled,
+in the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer.</p>
+
+<p><b>Croaker</b>, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he
+imagines himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival,
+and delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His
+favorite phrase is &quot;May be not.&quot;</p>
+
+A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress<br>
+for every hour of the four and twenty.&mdash;Act i. 1.<br>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Croaker</i>, the very reverse of her
+grumbling, atrabilious husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and
+cheerful as a lark.</p>
+
+The very reverse of each other. She all laugh<br>
+and no joke, he always complaining and never<br>
+sorrowful.&mdash;Act i. 1.<br>
+
+<p><i>Leontine Croaker</i>, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch his
+sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings home
+instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and ultimately
+marries her.&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>The Good Natured Man</i> (1768).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crocodile</b> (<i>King</i>). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that
+there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile
+has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says that
+though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his people
+with.&mdash;Browne, <i>Travels</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crocodile (Lady Kitty)</i>, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.&mdash;Sam.
+Foote, <i>A Trip to Calais</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crocus</b>, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not
+return his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify
+<i>unrequited love</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Croesus</b>, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by
+Cyrus, king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected
+upon which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and
+burnt alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name
+of Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. &quot;Because he told me to call no
+one happy till death.&quot; Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire
+of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then
+called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and
+he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account of
+the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the fiery
+furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the
+reader.&mdash;<i>Daniel</i>, iii. <i>Croesus's Dream</i>. Croesus dreamt that his son,
+Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every precaution to
+prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to chase the wild
+boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the boar to rescue Atys
+from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince and killed him. The
+tale is told by William Morris in his <i>Earthly Paradise</i> (&quot;July&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Croftangry</b> (<i>Mr. Chrystal</i>), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of
+Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two
+novels, one <i>The Highland Widow</i>, and the other <i>The Fair Maid of
+Perth</i>, called the <i>First</i> and <i>Second Series</i> of the &quot;Chronicles of
+Canongate&quot; (<i>q. v.</i>). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given in
+the introductory chapters of <i>The Highland Widow</i>, and continued in the
+introduction of the <i>The Fair Maid of Perth</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's
+father and that &quot;the fretful patient at the death-bed&quot; is a living
+picture.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crofts</b> <i>(Master)</i>, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey
+Hudson, the famous dwarf.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time,
+Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Croker's Mare.</b> In the proverb <i>As coy as Croker's Mare</i>. This means
+&quot;as chary as a mare that carries crockery.&quot;</p>
+
+She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare,<br>
+
+<p>J. Heywood, <i>Dialogue</i> ii. 1 (1566).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crokers.</b> Potatoes are so called because they were first planted in
+Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.&mdash;J. R. Planche, <i>Recollections,
+etc</i>. ii. 119.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crom'well</b> <i>(Oliver)</i>, introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Woodstock</i>.
+<i>Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth</i>, who married John Claypole. Seeing her
+father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and
+lovingly led him away out of the room.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time,
+Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cromwell</i> is called by the Preacher Burroughs &quot;the archangel who did
+battle with the devil.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Cromwell's Lucky Day</i>. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver
+Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won
+the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of
+Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however, true
+that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his birthday was
+25th April, 1599.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted</i>. Cromwell's dead body was, by the
+sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its
+grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was broken open by
+Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in various ways, and
+finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians, who used every
+possible method to preserve dead bodies in their integrity.</p>
+
+<p>The dead body of Admiral Coligny [<i>Co.leen.ye</i>] was similarly insulted
+by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who
+spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king had
+the bad taste to say over it:</p>
+
+Fragrance sweeter than a rose<br>
+Rises from our slaughtered foes.<br>
+
+<p>It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only
+crime being that he was a Huguenot.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crook-fingered Jack</b>, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen
+months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches
+and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold),
+six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three
+periwigs, and a &quot;piece&quot; of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him &quot;a mighty
+cleanhanded fellow,&quot; and adds:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't
+know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence
+of mind upon the road.&quot;&mdash;Gay, <i>The Beggar's Opera</i>. <b>i.</b> 1 (1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crop</b> <i>(George)</i>, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second
+wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two
+especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better
+times are coming, and when the law-suit is over &quot;we will have roast pork
+for dinner every Sunday.&quot; The wife replies, &quot;It shall be lamb.&quot; &quot;But I
+say it shall be pork.&quot; &quot;I hate pork, I'll have lamb.&quot; &quot;Pork, I tell
+you.&quot; &quot;I say lamb.&quot; &quot;It shan't be lamb, I will have pork.&quot; The other
+quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he asks his
+wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns obstinate, he
+turns angry; at length they agree that the person who first speaks shall
+shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains the victory.&mdash;P.
+Hoare, <i>No Song, no Supper</i> (1754-1834).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cropland</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), an extravagant, heartless libertine and
+man of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on
+his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his
+personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter of a
+&quot;poor gentleman,&quot; he offers her &quot;a house in town, the run of his estate
+in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and &pound;600 a year;&quot; but the
+lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such &quot;splendid infamy.&quot; At the
+end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the most
+ample apologies to all whom he has offended.&mdash;G. Colman, <i>The Poor
+Gentleman</i> (1802).</p>
+
+<p><b>Croquemitaine</b> [<i>Croak.mit.tain</i>], the bogie raised by fear.
+Somewhere near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress,
+which appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the
+difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself
+vanished into thin air.</p>
+
+<p><i>Croquemitaine</i> is a romance in three parts; the first part is a
+tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the
+paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa by
+Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress.
+Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear
+Fortress.</p>
+
+<p><b>Croquis</b> (<i>Alfred</i>), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was
+attached to a series of character-portraits in <i>Frazer's Magazine</i>
+between the years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cros'bie</b> (<i>William</i>), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford
+the lawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Crosbie</i>, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott. <i>Redgauntlet</i>, (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crosbite</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a barrister.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i>
+(time George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cross Purposes</b>, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named
+Bevil&mdash;Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards.
+They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the handsome
+daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the father, and
+obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her consent; and
+George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the two elder
+brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the contention
+of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding they have
+all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering that there
+are three of the same name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cross'myloof,</b> a lawyer.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crothar</b>, &quot;Lord of Atha,&quot; in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He
+was the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg (&quot;bowmen&quot;) or
+Belg&aelig; from Britain who colonized the <i>southern</i> parts of Ireland.
+Crothar carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael
+or Caledonians, who had colonized the <i>northern</i> parts of Ireland and
+held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch, a Cael,
+he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was himself slain
+by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became general, &quot;Blood poured
+on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with ghosts.&quot; The Cael being
+reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the grandfather of Fingal) sent
+Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief. Conar, on his arrival in Ulster,
+was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg being subdued, he called himself &quot;the
+King of Ireland.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>Temora</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><i>Crothar</i>, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho,
+over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked by
+Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own
+dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son Ossian
+with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of Crothar,
+attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian reached
+Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the army and
+slew the chief.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Croma</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Croto'na's Sage</b>, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief
+school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Crowde'ro,</b> one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a
+bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or
+Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg
+in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of
+earning a living by playing on the <i>crowd</i> or <i>crouth</i> from ale-house to
+ale-house.&mdash;S. Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, i. 2 (1664).</p>
+
+<p>(The <i>crouth</i> was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more
+strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last noted
+performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who died
+1720).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crowe</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1
+<i>syl</i>.), in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a
+modern Don Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crowfield</b> <i>(Christopher)</i>, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher
+Stowe (1814-).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crown.</b> Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or &quot;Baron of
+the Holy Sepulchre,&quot; refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour
+had only worn a crown of thorns.</p>
+
+<p>Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear
+thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all.</p>
+
+Canute (truth worthy to be known)<br>
+From that time forth did for his brows disown<br>
+The ostentatious symbol of a crown,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Esteeming earthly royalty</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Presumptuous and vain.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Crowned after Death.</b> Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her
+assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don Pedro.
+(See INEZ DE CASTRO.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Crowquill</b> <i>(Alfred)</i>, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of <i>Leaves
+from my Memorandum-Book</i> (1859), one of the artists of <i>Punch</i>
+(1805-1872).</p>
+
+<p><b>Croye</b> <i>(Isabelle, countess of)</i>, a ward of Charles &quot;the Bold,&quot; duke
+of Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis l&eacute;s
+Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward
+concludes the novel.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Countess Hameline of Croye</i>, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First
+disguised as Dame Perotte (2 <i>syl</i>.) at Plessis l&eacute;s Tours; afterwards
+married to William de la Marck.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time,
+Edward IV).</p>
+
+<p><i>Croye (Monseigneur de la</i>), an officer of Charles &quot;the Bold,&quot; duke of
+Burgundy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Croysa'do</b> <i>The Great</i>, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).&mdash;S.
+Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Crudor</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her
+till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the
+beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this
+love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed
+her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his beard,
+as &quot;passing pay,&quot; or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor being
+overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this
+toll.&mdash;Spencer, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 1. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cruel</b> <i>(The)</i>, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cruik'shanks</b> <i>(Ebenezer)</i>, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn.
+Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crum'mles</b> <i>(Mr. Vincent</i>), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager
+of the Portsmouth Theatre.</p>
+
+It was necessary that the writer should, like<br>
+Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in<br>
+the interest of &quot;the pump and washing-tubs.&quot;&mdash;<br>
+P. Fitzgerald.<br>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Crummles</i>, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous,
+tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady
+Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full
+of kindness, and always willing to help the needy.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss Ninetta Crummles</i>, daughter of the manager, and called in the
+play-bills &quot;the infant phenomenon.&quot;&mdash;C Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>
+(1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cruncher</b> (<i>Jerry</i>), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was
+continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed &quot;flopping.&quot; He was a
+&quot;resurrection man.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crupp</b> <i>(Mrs.)</i>, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham
+Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Crushed by Ornaments.</b> Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the
+Roman citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the
+Sabine bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the
+besiegers on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they
+wore on their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they
+passed threw on her their shields, saying, &quot;These are the ornaments worn
+by the Sabines on their arms,&quot; and the maid was crushed to death. G.
+Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion:</p>
+
+His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine<br>
+<i>[sic]</i> maid, have not crushed him.&mdash;<i>Introductory<br>
+Essay to Longfellow</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Crusoe</b> <i>(Robinson)</i>, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe.
+Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life for
+many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by
+ingenious contrivances (1719).</p>
+
+<p>(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch
+sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited
+island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four
+months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to
+England.)</p>
+
+Was there ever anything written by mere<br>
+man that the reader wished longer except <i>Robinson<br>
+Crusoe, Don Quixote</i> and <i>The Pilgrim's Progress!</i>&mdash;Dr.<br>
+Johnson.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cruth-Loda,</b> the war-god of the ancient Gaels.</p>
+
+On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda:<br>
+the house of the spirits of men. In the end of<br>
+his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of<br>
+swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy<br>
+mists, his right hand is on his shield.&mdash;Ossian,<br>
+<i>Cath-Loda.</i><br>
+
+<p><b>Cuckold King</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [<i>E.
+seld</i>] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of
+the Round Table.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cud'die</b> or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady
+Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i>
+(time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuddy</b>, a herdsman, in Spenser's <i>Shephearde's Calendar.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Cuddy</i>, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far
+exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain, repels
+the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of their
+respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of their
+contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses, pronounces
+that &quot;both merit an oaken staff,&quot; but, says he, &quot;the herds are weary of
+the songs, and so am I.&quot;&mdash;Gay, <i>Pastoral</i>, i. (1714).</p>
+
+<p>(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's <i>Ecl</i>. iii.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Culdees</b> <i>(i.e. sequestered persons</i>), the primitive clergy of
+presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill
+<i>[I-columb-kill]</i> by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563. They
+also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld,
+Kirkcaldy <i>[Kirk-Culdee]</i>, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some
+say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop of
+Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when those
+who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of the sect,
+and were not driven thence till 1203.</p>
+
+Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees<br>
+Were Albyn's <i>[Scotland's]</i> earliest priests of God,<br>
+Ere yet an island of her seas<br>
+By foot of Saxon monk was trod.<br>
+<br>
+Campbell, <i>Reullura</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Culloch</b> <i>(Sawney)</i> a pedlar.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Culprit Fay</b>, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch
+the spray-gem from the sturgeon's &quot;silver bow,&quot; and light his torch with
+a falling star.&mdash;Joseph Rodman Drake, <i>The Culprit Fay</i> (1847).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cumberland</b> (<i>John of</i>). &quot;The devil and John of Cumberland&quot; is a
+blunder for &quot;The devil and John-a-Cumber.&quot; John-a-Cumber was a famous
+Scotch magician.</p>
+
+He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber,<br>
+The only man renowned for magick skill.<br>
+Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill.<br>
+A. Munday, <i>John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber</i><br>
+(1595).<br>
+
+<p><i>Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of</i>), commander-in-chief of the army
+of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially celebrated for
+his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called &quot;The Butcher&quot; from
+the great severity with which he stamped out the clan system of the
+Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at the battle of
+Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in <i>Waverley</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain,<br>
+And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan.<br>
+Campbell, <i>Lochiel's Warning</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cumberland Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), William</p>
+
+<p>Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cumnor Hall</b>, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had
+been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses and
+lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field, which
+some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad the lady
+grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and never more
+was that countess seen.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his <i>Kenihvorth</i>, which
+he called <i>Cumnor Hall</i>, but Constable, his publisher, induced him to
+change the name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cun&eacute;gonde</b> <i>[Ku'.na.gond]</i>, the mistress of Candide (2 <i>syl</i>.). in
+Voltaire's novel called <i>Candide</i>. Sterne spells it &quot;Cun&euml;gund.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cun'ningham</b> <i>(Archie)</i>, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at
+Plessis l&eacute;s Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cu'no,</b> the ranger, father of Agatha.&mdash;Weber, <i>Der Freisch&uuml;tz</i>
+(1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuno'beline,</b> a king of the Silur&ecirc;s, son of Tasciov'anus and father
+of Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of &quot;Cunobeline,&quot; and
+the word &quot;Camalodunum&quot; <i>[Colchester]</i>, the capital of his kingdom. The
+Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47
+Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner.</p>
+
+<p>Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's &quot;Cymbeline,&quot; who reigned from
+B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius,
+his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius Lucius.</p>
+
+... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin<br>
+Sank under Plautius' sword.<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cunstance</b> or <b>Constance</b> (See CUSTANCE).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cupid and Psyche</b> [<i>Si.ky</i>] an episode in <i>The Golden Ass</i> of
+Apuleius. The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psych&ecirc;. He visited
+her every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not to
+attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her
+prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on his
+shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psych&ecirc; now wandered in search of the
+lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty. Having
+suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and she
+became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris has
+poetized the same in his <i>Earthly Paradise</i> (&quot;May&quot;); Lafontaine has a
+poem called <i>Psych&eacute;</i>, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius; and
+Moli&egrave;re has dramatized the subject.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cu'pidon</b> (<i>Jean</i>). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron
+(1798-1852). The count's father was styled <i>Le Beau d' Orsay.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Cur'an,</b> a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cur&eacute; de Meudon</b>, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then
+prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly cur&eacute; of Meudon (1483-1553).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cu'rio,</b> a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Twelfth Night</i> (1614).</p>
+
+<p><i>Curio</i>. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him &quot;the betrayer of
+his country,&quot; alluding to the great statesman's change of politics.
+Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of C&aelig;sar,
+but subsequently of C&aelig;sar's party, and one of the victims of the civil
+war.</p>
+
+Is this the man in freedom's cause approved.<br>
+The man so great, so honored, so beloved ...<br>
+This Curio, hated now and scorned by all,<br>
+Who fell himself to work his country's fall?<br>
+Akenside, <i>Epistle to Curio</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Curious Impertinent</b> (<i>The</i>), a tale introduced by Cervant&ecirc;s in his
+<i>Don Quixote</i>. The &quot;impertinent&quot; is an Italian gentleman who is silly
+enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to
+storm it if he can. Of course his friend &quot;takes the fort,&quot; and the fool
+is left to bewail his own folly.&mdash;Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Currer Bell</b>, the <i>nom de plume</i> of Charlotte Bront&ecirc;, author of
+<i>Jane Eyre</i> [<i>Air</i>] (1816-1855).</p>
+
+<p><b>Curta'na,</b> the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point,
+and was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the
+royal sword of England was so called.</p>
+
+But when Curtana will not do the deed,<br>
+You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by,<br>
+And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly.<br>
+Dryden, <i>The Hind and the Panther</i>, ii. (1687).<br>
+
+<p><b>Curta'na</b> or <b>Courtain,</b> the sword of Ogier the Dane.</p>
+
+He [<i>Ogier</i>] drew Courtain his sword out of its<br>
+sheath.<br>
+W. Morris, <i>Earthly Paradise</i>, (634).<br>
+
+<p><b>Curt-Hose</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134).</p>
+
+<p><b>Curt-Mantle,</b> Henry II. of England</p>
+
+<p>(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which was
+shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors.</p>
+
+<p><b>Curtis,</b> one of Petruchio's servants.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Taming of the
+Shrew</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Parson Cushing</b>, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits
+of learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table,
+thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his tongue.
+He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture texts, and
+gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the doctrines of his
+denomination and would seal his faith with his blood, but admits that
+&quot;the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions) are a very
+excellent statement of truth.&quot; He is Catholic without suspecting
+it.&mdash;Harriet Beecher Stowe, <i>Poganuc People</i>, (1878).</p>
+
+<p><b>Custance,</b> daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan
+of Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order to
+marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding breakfast
+slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked in a ship,
+which was set adrift and in due time reached the British shores, where
+Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of Northumberland, who took
+her home, and placed her under the care of his wife Hermegild. Custance
+converted both the constable and his wife. A young knight wished to
+marry her, but she declined his suit, whereupon he murdered Hermegild,
+and then laid the bloody knife beside Custance, to make her suspected of
+the crime. King Alia examined the case, and soon discovered the real
+facts, whereupon the knight was executed, and the king married Custance.</p>
+
+<p>The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the absence
+of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in a ship,
+which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years, it was
+taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and Custance
+with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It so
+happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage, and
+encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland and lived
+in peace and happiness the rest of her life.&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury
+Tales</i> (&quot;The Man of Law's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p><i>Custance</i>, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes to
+marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.&mdash;Nicholas TJdall, <i>Ralph
+Roister Doister</i> (first English comedy, 1534).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cute</b> <i>(Alderman)</i>, a &quot;practical philosopher,&quot; resolved to put down
+everything. In his opinion &quot;everything must be put down.&quot; Starvation
+must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and
+poverty.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Chimes</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuthal</b>, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuthbert</b> <i>(St.)</i>, a Scotch monk of the sixth century.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuthbert Bede</b>, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of <i>Verdant Green</i>
+(1857.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cutho'na,</b> daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son
+of Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated,
+Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On
+the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by
+force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the young
+men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died also.&mdash;
+Ossian, <i>Conlath and Cuthona</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuthullin</b>, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent
+during the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of
+Sorglan. In the poem called <i>Fingal</i>, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran,
+king of Lochlin <i>[Scandinavia]</i>, and being ashamed to meet Fingal,
+retired from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated
+Swaran, invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his
+depressed spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of
+Can'tela, rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the
+lake Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow.
+Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon dethroned
+by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i> and <i>The Death of
+Cuthullin</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cutler</b> <i>(Sir John)</i>, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the
+utmost poverty.</p>
+
+<p>Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not
+build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want he
+could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples crowned,
+'Twas very want that sold them for two pound....</p>
+
+<p>Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, &quot;Virtue and wealth, what are ye
+but a name?&quot; Pope, <i>Moral Essays</i>, iii. (1709).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cutpurse</b> (<i>Moil</i>), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy
+called <i>The Roaring Girl</i> (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor,
+who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse once
+attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and sent to
+Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and died of
+dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his drama
+called <i>Amends for Ladies</i> (1618).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cutshamaquin</b>, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious
+son was &quot;dealt with&quot; publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and
+serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, &quot;and
+entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at which
+his father burst forth into great weeping.&quot;&mdash;John Eliot, <i>The Clear
+Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians</i> (1648).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cuttle</b> (<i>Captain Edward</i>), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's
+instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook instead
+of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He was in the
+habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke &quot;to overhaul the
+catechism till they found it;&quot; but, he added, &quot;when found, make a note
+on.&quot; The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of Florence Dombey, and of
+Walter Gay, whom he called &quot;Wal'r.&quot; When Florence left her father's
+roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the Wooden Midshipman. One of his
+favorite sentiments was &quot;May we never want a friend, or a bottle to give
+him.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p>(&quot;When found, make a note of,&quot; is the motto of <i>Notes and Queries</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyc'lades</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), some twenty islands, so called from the
+classic legend that they <i>circled round</i> Delos when that island was
+rendered stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyclic Poets</b>, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or
+additions to Homer's <i>Iliad</i> and <i>Odyssey</i>; they were called &quot;Cyclic&quot;
+because they confined themselves to the <i>cycle</i> of the Trojan war.</p>
+
+<p>AG'IAS wrote an epic on &quot;the return of the Greeks from Troy&quot; (B.C. 740).</p>
+
+<p>ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the <i>Iliad</i>, describing the taking of
+Troy by the &quot;Wooden Horse,&quot; and its conflagration. Virgil has copied
+from this poet (B.C. 776).</p>
+
+<p>EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the <i>Odyssey</i>. It contains the
+adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he reached
+Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and Telegonos killed
+Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given him (B.C. 568).</p>
+
+<p>LES'CHES, author of the <i>Little Iliad</i>, in four books, containing the
+fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses,
+and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708).</p>
+
+<p>STASI'NOS, &quot;son-in-law&quot; of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the
+<i>Iliad</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyclops.</b> Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See
+SINDBAD, voy. 3).</p>
+
+<p><i>Cyclops (The Holy)</i>. So Dryden in the <i>Masque of Albion and Albanius</i>,
+calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator in the
+&quot;Ryehouse Plot.&quot; He had lost one eye, and was executed.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cydip'pe</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being
+unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, &quot;I swear by Diana that
+Acontius shall be my husband.&quot; This apple was presented to the maiden,
+and being persuaded that she had written the words, though
+inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for &quot;the oath's sake.&quot;</p>
+
+Cydippe by a letter was betrayed,<br>
+Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid<br>
+Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, 1.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cyl'laros</b>, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (<i>Georg</i>. iii.
+90), but of Castor according to Ovid <i>(Metam.</i> xii. 408). It was
+coal-black, with white legs and tail.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cylle'nius</b>, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylen&ecirc;, in Arcadia, where
+he was born.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cym'beline</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five
+years. He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus C&aelig;sar. His
+father was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans
+exacted of Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius C&aelig;sar. Cymbeline
+married twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who
+married Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a
+former husband.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Cymbeline</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cymochles</b> <i>[Si. mok'.leez]</i>, brother of Pyroch'l&ecirc;s, son of Aerat&ecirc;s,
+husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon, but
+being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence, and
+is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).&mdash;Spencer, <i>Faery Queen</i>, ii. 5, etc.
+(1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cymod'oce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk.
+iv. 12 of the <i>Faery Queen</i>, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as
+Cymo'ent &quot;daughter of Nereus&quot; (2<i>syl</i>.) by an earth-born father, &quot;the
+famous Dumarin.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Cymoent.</b> (See CYMODOCE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Cym'ry,</b> the Welsh.</p>
+
+<p>The Welsh always called themselves &quot;Cym-ry&quot;, the literal meaning of
+which is &quot;aborigines.&quot; ... It is the same word as &quot;Cimbri.&quot; ... They
+call their language &quot;Cymraeg,&quot; <i>i.e</i>, &quot;the primitive tongue.&quot;&mdash;E.
+Williams.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyng&aelig;i'ros</b>, brother of the poet &AElig;schylos. When the Persians, after
+the battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyng&aelig;iros seized
+one of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he
+grasped it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his
+teeth, and lost his life.</p>
+
+<p>ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in
+1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot; but
+(supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse sheered
+off.</p>
+
+<p>ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs
+shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the ship's
+mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants.</p>
+
+<p>JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the prophet.
+One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this also being
+cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last his head was
+cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which was thus
+detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to Khaled.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyne'tha</b>(3 <i>syl.</i>), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales).
+He was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority,
+Owen and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of
+age and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by
+exposing them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon
+accompanied Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while
+Madoc was in Wales preparing for his second voyage.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i>,
+i. 3 (1805).</p>
+
+Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cyn&euml;tha:<br>
+Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus.<br>
+<i>The Pentarchia</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cynic Tub</b> (<i>The</i>), Diog'en&ecirc;s, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub,
+and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line:</p>
+
+[<i>They</i>] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub.<br>
+Milton, <i>Comus</i>, 708 (1634).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cy'nosure</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the pole-star. The word means &quot;the dog's
+tail,&quot; and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all
+observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1
+<i>syl</i>.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyn'thia,</b> the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in
+D&ecirc;los. Apollo is called &quot;Cynthius.&quot;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... watching, in the night,</span><br>
+Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light.<br>
+Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, iii. 2 (1756).<br>
+
+<p><i>Cyn'thia.</i> So Spenser, in <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i>, calls Queen
+Elizabeth, &quot;whose angel's eye&quot; was his life's sole bliss, his heart's
+eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in <i>The Purple Island</i>, iii., also calls
+Queen Elizabeth &quot;Cynthia.&quot;</p>
+
+Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting..<br>
+Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes...<br>
+Her looks were like beams of the morning sun<br>
+Forth looking thro' the windows of the east...<br>
+Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense<br>
+Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.<br>
+Spenser, <i>Colin Clout's Come Home Again</i> (1591).<br>
+
+<p><i>Cyn'thia</i>, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady
+Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 <i>syl</i>.). Sir Paul calls her
+&quot;Thy&quot;&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The Double Dealer</i> (1694).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyn'thia Ware.</b> Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in
+Tennessee, in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is
+sent to the penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly
+for a year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns
+that he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time,
+he returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon
+Lost Creek.</p>
+
+&quot;His recollections were all vague, although at<br>
+some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially,<br>
+and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you<br>
+an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company<br>
+tergether.' He did not notice how pale<br>
+she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic<br>
+contraction of her features. She was<br>
+busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly<br>
+replied: 'Yes,&mdash;'though I always 'lowed ez I<br>
+counted on livin' single.'&quot;&mdash;Charles Egbert Craddock,<br>
+<i>In the Tennessee Mountains</i> (1885).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cyp'rian</b> <i>(A)</i>, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island
+Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cyp'rian (Brother)</i>, a Dominican monk at the monastery of
+Holyrood.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Cyrena'ic Shell</b> <i>(The)</i>, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a
+Greek poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse
+are still extant.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">For you the Cyrenaic shell</span><br>
+Behold I touch revering.<br>
+<br>
+Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cyr'ic</b> <i>(St.)</i>, the saint to whom sailors
+address themselves. The St. Elmo of the
+Welsh.</p>
+
+The weary mariners<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Called on St. Cyric's aid.</span><br>
+Southey, <i>Madoc</i>, i. 4 (1805).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cyrus and Tom'yris.</b> Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of
+Asia, was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia.
+Tomyris cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human
+blood, saying, as she did so, &quot;There, drink thy fill.&quot; Dant&ecirc; refers to
+this incident in his <i>Purgatory</i>, xii.</p>
+
+Consyder Syrus ...<br>
+He whose huge power no man might overthrowe,<br>
+Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe,<br>
+His head dismembered from his mangled corps<br>
+Herself she cast into a vessel fraught<br>
+With clotted bloud of them that felt her force.<br>
+And with these words a just reward she taught&mdash;<br>
+&quot;Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught.&quot;<br>
+T. Sackville, <i>A Mirrour for Magistraytes</i><br>
+(&quot;The Complaynt,&quot; 1587).<br>
+
+<p><b>Cythere'a,</b> Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now <i>Cerigo</i>), a
+mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite (or
+Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit
+affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by Vulcan,
+and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus.</p>
+
+He the fate [<i>May sing</i>]<br>
+Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained.<br>
+Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Cyze'nis,</b> the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one
+that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own
+children.</p>
+
+<p><b>Czar</b> (<i>Casar</i>), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who,
+in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also
+introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national
+symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is <i>Samoderjetz</i>.
+<b>D'acunha</b> (<i>Teresa</i>), waiting-woman to the countess of
+Glenallan.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b><img border="0" src="images/D.jpg" align="left" width="167" height="176" alt="d.jpg"></b></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b>affodil.</b> When Perseph'on&ecirc;, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little
+maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather
+<i>white</i> daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell
+asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to
+become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden
+yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of
+Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the
+meadows thenceforth abounded.</p>
+
+She stepped upon Sicilian grass,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair,</span><br>
+A child of light, a radiant lass,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gamesome as the morning air.</span><br>
+The daffodils were fair to see,<br>
+They nodded lightly on the lea;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Persephon&ecirc;! Persephon&ecirc;!</span><br>
+<br>
+Jean Ingelow, <i>Persephone</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dagon</b>, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2)
+Be&euml;lzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was
+half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon,
+Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the
+&quot;ark&quot; was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands
+were broken off.</p>
+
+Next came ...<br>
+Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man<br>
+And downward fish.<br>
+<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 457, etc. (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dag'onet</b> (<i>Sir</i>), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two
+squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram
+soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their horses
+and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60).</p>
+
+King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well,<br>
+and made him knight; with his own hands; and<br>
+at every tournament he made King Arthur<br>
+laugh.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>.<br>
+ii. 97 (1470).<br>
+
+<p>Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he was
+a student at Clement's Inn.&mdash;Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. act ii. sc. 2
+(1598).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other instances,
+from the old romance. The <i>History</i> says that King Arthur made Dagonet
+knight &quot;with his own hands,&quot; because he &quot;loved him passing well;&quot; but
+Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him &quot;a mock-knight of the Round
+Table.&quot;&mdash;<i>The Last Tournament</i>, 1.</p>
+
+<p><b>Daisy Miller.</b> Mrs. Miller, <i>nouvelle riche</i> and in true American
+subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is
+pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having &quot;a good time&quot; that she
+falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation and
+escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she contracts
+Roman fever and dies.&mdash;Henry James, Jr., <i>Daisy Miller</i> (1878).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dal'dah,</b> Mahomet's favorite white mule.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dales</b> (<i>The</i>), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of
+<i>John Ward, Preacher</i>: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and
+dictatorial, a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects,
+including religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere
+dressing-gown, and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to
+protect his white head from draughts; reads &quot;A Sentimental Journey;&quot;
+looks at his wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent
+fourth at whist (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dalga</b>, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but
+Goltho is saved by his friend Ulfinore.&mdash;Sir W. Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i>
+(died 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dalgarno</b> (<i>Lord Malcolm of</i>), a profligate young nobleman, son of
+the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes
+Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in &quot;Alsatia.&quot;
+Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Herm&iuml;on&ecirc; excites the displeasure of
+King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married her.
+After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie, the
+ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian bully.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dalgetty</b> (<i>Dugald</i>,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with
+the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune, he
+is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of
+Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him in
+prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his escape,
+locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain Dalgetty
+was knighted. This &quot;Ritt-master&quot; is a pedant, very conceited, full of
+vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge, a student of
+divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the highest bidder.
+The character is original and well drawn.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of
+Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p>The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the
+campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island
+of Swinem&uuml;nde, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald
+Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dalton</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of
+Willingham Rectory.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George
+II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dalton (Beginald)</i>, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart
+(1832).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dalzell</b> (<i>General Thomas</i>), in the royal army of Charles II.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (1816).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dame du Lac</b>, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was &quot;en la marche de la
+petite Bretaigne;&quot; &quot;en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons
+et moult riches.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Dame du Lac</i>, Sebille (2 <i>syl</i>.). Her castle was surrounded by a river
+on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it.
+Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of his
+wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is not in
+accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See
+ARTHUR.)&mdash;<i>Perceforest</i>, i. 42.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dam'ian,</b> a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights
+Templars.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Damiot'ti</b> (<i>Dr. Baptisti</i>), a Paduan quack, who exhibits &quot;the
+enchanted mirror&quot; to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein
+the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's Mirror</i> (time, William III.). <b>Damis</b>
+<i>[Dah.me]</i>, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 <i>syl</i>.), impetuous and
+self-willed.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p>
+
+<p><b>Damn with Faint Praise.</b></p>
+
+Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer,<br>
+And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Pope, <i>Prologue to the Satires</i>, 201 (1734).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Damno'nii,</b> the people of Damnonium,
+that is, Cornwall, Devon, Dorsetshire, and
+part of Somersetshire. This region, says
+Richard of Cirencester (<i>Hist.</i> vi. 18), was
+much frequented by the Phoenician, Greek,
+and Gallic merchants, for the metals with
+which it abounded, and particularly for its
+tin.</p>
+
+Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are,<br>
+The old Danmonii [<i>sic</i>] dwelt.<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Damaris Wainright.</b> A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune,
+whose mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly
+maturity under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness
+is her heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who
+has striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction,
+and makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits
+down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished
+mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia.</p>
+
+&quot;With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her<br>
+feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant<br>
+her failing reason struggled to consciousness<br>
+as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time<br>
+to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it<br>
+up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he<br>
+sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished<br>
+will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew<br>
+her lover was at the door, and she knew also<br>
+that the feet of doom had been swifter than those<br>
+of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward<br>
+and threw open the door.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+&quot;'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which<br>
+pierced to every corner of the old mansion.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Arlo Bates, <i>The Wheel of Fire</i>, (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dam'ocles</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius <i>the
+Elder</i>, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes, Dionysius
+told him he would give him experimental proof thereof. Accordingly he
+had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at a sumptuous
+banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single horsehair, and
+Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break and the sword
+fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of kings are
+threatened every hour of the day.&mdash;Cicero.</p>
+
+Let us who have not our names in the Red<br>
+Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably<br>
+how miserable our betters may be, and that<br>
+Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is<br>
+served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging<br>
+over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or<br>
+hereditary disease, or family secret.&mdash;Thackeray,<br>
+<i>Vanity Fair</i>, xlvii. (1848).<br>
+
+<p><b>Damoe'tas,</b> a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their
+pastorals.</p>
+
+And old Damoetas loved to hear our song.<br>
+Milton, <i>Lycidas</i> (1638).<br>
+
+<p><b>Da'mon,</b> a goat-herd in Virgil's third <i>Eclogue</i>. Walsh introduces
+the same name in his <i>Eclogues</i> also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman.</p>
+
+<p><b>Damon and Delia.</b> Damon asks
+Delia why she looks so coldly on him.
+She replies because of his attention to
+Belvid&ecirc;ra. He says he paid these attentions
+at her own request, &quot;to hide the
+secret of their mutual love.&quot; Delia confesses
+that his prudence is commendable,
+but his acting is too earnest. To this he
+rejoins that she alone holds his heart; and
+Delia replies:</p>
+
+Tho' well I might your truth mistrust,<br>
+My foolish heart believes you just;<br>
+Reason this faith may disapprove,<br>
+But I believe, because I love.<br>
+
+<p>Lord Lyttleton.</p>
+
+<p><b>Damon and Musido'ra,</b> two lovers who misunderstood each other.
+Musidora was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference;
+but one day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden
+that she at once accepted his proffered love.&mdash;Thomson, <i>The Seasons</i>
+(&quot;Summer,&quot; 1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Da'mon and Pyth'ias.</b> Damon, a senator of Syracuse, was by nature
+hot-mettled, but was schooled by Pythagore'an philosophy into a Stoic
+coldness and slowness of speech. He was a fast friend of the republic,
+and when Dionysius was made &quot;King&quot; by a vote of the senate, Damon
+upbraided the betrayers of his country, and pronounced Dionysius a
+&quot;tryant.&quot; For this he was seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius, he
+was condemned to instant death. Damon now craved respite for four hours
+to bid farewell to his wife and child, but the request was denied him.
+On his way to execution, his friend Pythias encountered him, and
+obtained permission of Dionysius to become his surety, and to die in his
+stead, if within four hours Damon did not return. Dionysius not only
+accepted the bail, but extended the leave to six hours. When Damon
+reached his country villa, Lucullus killed his horse to prevent his
+return; but Damon, seizing the horse of a chance traveler, reached
+Syracuse just as the executioner was preparing to put Pythias to death.
+Dionysius so admired this proof of friendship, that he forgave Damon,
+and requested to be taken into his friendship.</p>
+
+<p>This subject was dramatized in 1571 by Richard Edwards, and again in
+1825 by John Banim.</p>
+
+<p>(The classic name of <i>Pythias</i> is &quot;Phintias.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Damsel or Damoiseau</b> (in Italian, <i>donzel</i>; in Latin, <i>domisellus</i>);
+one of the gallant youths domiciled in the <i>maison du roi.</i> These youths
+were always sons of the greater vassals. Louis VII. <i>(le Jeune</i>) was
+called &quot;The Royal Damsel;&quot; and at one time the royal body-guard was
+called &quot;The King's Damsells.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Damsel of Brittany</b>, Eleanor, daughter of Godffrey (second son of
+Henry II. of England). After the death of Arthur, his sister Eleanor was
+next in succession to the crown, but John, who had caused Arthur's
+death, confined Eleanor in Bristol Castle, where she remained till her
+death, in 1241.</p>
+
+<p><b>D'Amville</b> (2 <i>syl</i>), &quot;the atheist,&quot; with the assistance of
+Borachio, murdered Montferrers, his brother, for his estates.&mdash;Cyril
+Tourneur, <i>The Atheists Tragedy</i> (seventeenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dam'yan</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the lover of May (the youthful bride of
+January, a Lombard knight, 60 years of age).&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury
+Tales</i> (&quot;The Merchant's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan of the Howlet Hirst</b>, the dragon of the revels at Kennaquhair
+Abbey.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> and <i>The Monastery</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan'ae,</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), an Argive princess, visited by Zeus [Jupiter]
+in the form of a shower of gold, while she was confined in an
+inaccessible tower.</p>
+
+<p><b>Danaid</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), Dan'aus had fifty daughters, called the Dana&iuml;ds
+or Dana'&iuml;d&ecirc;s. These fifty women married the fifty sons of &AElig;gyptus, and
+(with one exception) murdered their husbands on the night of their
+espousals. For this crime they were doomed in Had&ecirc;s to pour water
+everlastingly into sieves.</p>
+
+Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove<br>
+The Danaid of a leaky vase.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dancing Chancellor</b> <i>(The)</i>, Sir Christopher Hatton, who attracted
+the attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing, at a masque.
+She took him into favor, and made him both Chancellor and knight of the
+Garter (died 1591).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XIV., owed his
+fortune to his grace in dancing in the king's quadrille.</p>
+
+<p>Many more than one nobleman owed the favor he enjoyed at court to the
+way he pointed his toe or moved his leg.&mdash;A. Dumas, <i>Taking the
+Bastile.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Dancing Water</b> <i>(The)</i>, from the Burning forest. This water had the
+power of imparting youthful beauty to those who used it. Prince Chery,
+aided by a dove, obtained it for Fairstar.</p>
+
+The dancing water is the eighth wonder of<br>
+the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them<br>
+young again, and even enriches them.&mdash;Comtesse<br>
+D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Fairstar,&quot;<br>
+1682).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dandies</b> <i>(The Prince of</i>), Beau Brummel (1778-1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dandin</b> <i>(George)</i>, a rich French tradesman, who marries Ang'elique,
+the daughter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and has the &quot;privilege&quot; of
+paying-off the family debts, maintaining his wife's noble parents, and
+being snubbed on all occasions to his heart's content. He constantly
+said to himself; in self-rebuke, <i>Vous Vavez voulu, vous Vavez voulu,
+George Dandin!</i> (&quot;You have no one to blame but yourself! you brought it
+on yourself, George Dandin!&quot;)</p>
+
+Vous l'avez voulu, vous l'avez voulu, George<br>
+Dandin! vous l'avez voulu!... vous avez juste-ment<br>
+ce que vous meritez.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>George<br>
+Dandin</i>, i. 9 (1668).<br>
+<br>
+&quot;Well, <i>tu l'as voulu</i>, George Dandin,&quot; she said,<br>
+with a smile, &quot;you were determined on it, and<br>
+must bear the consequences.&quot;&mdash;Percy Fitzgerald,<br>
+<i>The Parvenu Family</i>, ii. 262.<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> There is no such phrase in the comedy as <i>Tu l'as voulu</i>,
+it is always <i>Vous Vavez voulu</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan'dolo</b> <i>(Signor)</i>, a friend to Fazio in prosperity, but who turns
+from him when in disgrace. He says:</p>
+
+Signor, I am paramount<br>
+In all affairs of boot and spur and hose;<br>
+In matters of the robe and cap supreme;<br>
+In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal<br>
+From my irrefragibility.<br>
+
+<p>Dean Milman, <i>Fazio</i>, ii. I (1815).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dangeau</b> <i>(Jouer a la</i>), to play as good a hand at cards as
+Phillippe de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1638-1720).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan'gerfleld</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a hired witness in the &quot;Popish Plot&quot;&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Pe-veril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dangle</b>, a gentleman bitten with the theatrical mania, who annoys a
+manager with impertinent flattery and advice. It is said that Thomas
+Vaughan, a playwright of small reputation, was the original of this
+character.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The Critic</i> (see act i. I), (1779).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan'hasch,</b> one of the genii who did not &quot;acknowledge the great
+Solomon.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>When the Princess Badoura in her sleep was carried to the bed of Prince
+Camaral'zaman that she might see him, Danhasch changed himself into a
+flea, and bit her lip, at which Badoura awoke, saw the prince sleeping
+by her side, and afterwards became his wife.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i>
+(&quot;Camaralzarnan and Badoura.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Daniel</b>, son of Widow Lackitt; a wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of
+the softest mould, whom Lucy Weldon marries for his money.&mdash;Thomas
+Southern, <i>Oroonoko</i> (1696).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan'nischemend,</b> the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel's
+narrative.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dant&ecirc; and Beatrice.</b> Some say that Beatrice, in Dant&ecirc;'s <i>Divina
+Commedia</i>, merely personifies faith; others think it a real character,
+and say she was the daughter of the illustrious family of Portinari, for
+whom the poet entertained a purely platonic affection. She meets the
+poet after he has been dragged through the river Leth&ecirc; <i>(Purgatory</i>,
+xxxi), and conducts him through paradise. Beatrice Portina'ri married
+Simon de Bardi, and died at the age of 24; Dante was a few months older.</p>
+
+Some persons say that Dante meant Theology<br>
+By Beatrice, and not a mistress; I ...<br>
+Deem this a commentator's phantasy.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, iii. 11 (1820).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dant&ecirc; and-Virgil.</b> Virgil was Dante's poetic master and is described
+as conducting him through the realms depicted in the <i>Divina Commedia</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The poet married Gemma, of the powerful house of Donati. (See
+LOVES).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dant&ecirc;'s Beard</i>. All the pictures of</p>
+
+<p>Dant&ecirc; which I have seen represent him without any beard or hair on his
+face at all; but in <i>Purgatory</i>, xxxi., Beatrice says to him, &quot;Raise
+thou thy beard, and lo! what sight shall do,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> lift up your face
+and look about you; and he adds, &quot;No sooner lifted I mine aspect up ...
+than mine eyes <i>(encountered)</i> Beatrice.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dan Devereux.</b> A young Nantucket giant married to a dainty waif
+rescued in infancy from the sea. He marries her because she is homeless
+and seems to be in love with him. When too late, he knows that his
+affections are another's, and sees his wife fascinated by a handsome
+French adventurer. In an attempt to elope, the wife and her lover are
+wrecked, and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by the &quot;terrible South
+Breaker&mdash;plunging and rearing and swelling, a monstrous billow, sweeping
+and swooping and rocking in.&quot; Dan in later life, marries Georgia, his
+first love.&mdash;Harriet Prescott Spofford, <i>The South Breaker</i> (1863).</p>
+
+<p><b>Danton of the Cevennes.</b> Pierre Seguier, prophet and preacher of
+Magistavols, in France. He was a leader amongst the Camisards.</p>
+
+<p><b>Danvers</b> <i>(Charles)</i>, an embyro barrister of the Middle Temple.&mdash;C.
+Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Daph'ne</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.)., daughter of Sileno and Mysis, and sister of
+Nysa. The favorite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in the character
+of a shepherd lad named &quot;Pol.&quot;&mdash;Kate O'Hara, <i>Midas</i> (a burletta, 1778).</p>
+
+<p>(In classic mythology Daphn&ecirc; fled from the amorous god, and escaped by
+being changed into a laurel.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Daph'nis,</b> a beautiful Sicilian shepherd, the inventor of bucolic
+poetry. He was a son of Mercury, and friend both of Pan and Apollo.</p>
+
+<i>Daph'nis</i>, the modest shepherd.<br>
+<br>
+This is that modest shepherd, he<br>
+That only dare salute, but ne'er could be<br>
+Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or sing,<br>
+Whisper, or boldly ask.<br>
+<br>
+John Fletcher, <i>The Faithful Shepherdess</i>, i. 3<br>
+(1610).<br>
+
+<p><b>Daph'nis and Chlo'e,</b> a prose pastoral love story in Greek, by
+Longos (a Byzantine), not unlike the tale of <i>The Gentle Shepherd</i>, by
+Allan Ramsay. Gessner has also imitated the Greek romance in his idyll
+called <i>Daphnis</i>. In this lovestory Longos says he was hunting in
+Lesbos, and saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs a beautiful picture
+of children exposed, lovers plighting their faith, and the incursions of
+pirates, which he now expresses and dedicates to Pan, Cupid, and the
+nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover of Chlo&ecirc;.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dapper,</b> a lawyer's clerk, who went to Subtle &quot;the alchemist,&quot; to be
+supplied with &quot;a familiar&quot; to make him win in horse-racing, cards, and
+all games of chance. Dapper is told to prepare himself for an interview
+with the fairy queen by taking &quot;three drops of vinegar in at the nose,
+two at the mouth, and one at either ear,&quot; &quot;to cry <i>hum</i> thrice and
+<i>buzz</i> as often.&quot;&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dapple,</b> the donkey ridden by Sancho Panza, in Cervant&ecirc;s' romance of
+<i>Don Quixote</i> (1605-1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Darby and Joan.</b> This ballad, called <i>The Happy Old Couple</i>, is
+printed in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, v. 153 (March, 1735).</p>
+
+<p>It is also in Plumtre's <i>Collections of Songs</i>, 152 (Camb. 1805), with
+the music. The words are sometimes attributed to Prior, and the first
+line favors the notion: &quot;Dear <i>Chloe</i>, while thus beyond measure;&quot; only
+Prior always spells <i>Chloe</i> without &quot;h.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, loving couple, wholly averse to
+change of any sort. It is generally said that Henry Woodfall was the
+author of the ballad, and that the originals were John Darby (printer,
+of Bartholomew Close, who died 1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall served
+his apprenticeship with John Darby.</p>
+
+&quot;You may be a Darby <i>[Mr. Hardcastle]</i>, but<br>
+I'll be no Joan, I promise you.&quot;&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>She<br>
+Stoops to Conquer</i>, i. 1 (1773).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dradu-Le'na,</b> the daughter of Foldath, general of the Fir-bolg or
+Belg&aelig; settled in the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell in battle,</p>
+
+His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to<br>
+Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream,<br>
+where she slept, returning from the chase of<br>
+hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung ...<br>
+Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of<br>
+heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood<br>
+her wounded father seemed to come. He appeared<br>
+at times, then hid himself in mist.<br>
+Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that<br>
+the chief was low ... Thou wert the last of his<br>
+race, O blue-eyed Dardu-Lena!--Ossian, <i>Temora</i>,<br>
+v.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dargo,</b> the spear of Ossian, son of Fingal.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Calthon and
+Colmal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dar'gonet,</b> &quot;the Tall,&quot; son of Astolpho, and brother of Paradine. In
+the fight provoked by Oswald against Duke Grondibert, which was decided
+by four combatants against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo the Little.
+Dargonet and his brother were rivals for the love of Lora.&mdash;Sir Wm.
+Davenant, <i>Gondibert</i>, i. (died 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dari'us and His Horse.</b> The seven candidates for the throne of
+Persia agreed that he should be king whose horse neighed first. As the
+horse of Darius was the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed king.</p>
+
+That brave Scythian<br>
+Who found more sweetness in his horse's neighing<br>
+Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing.<br>
+
+<p>Lord Brooke.</p>
+
+<p><b>Darlemont</b>, guardian and maternal uncle of Julio of Harancour;
+formerly a merchant. He takes possession of the inheritance of his ward
+by foul means, but is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, and
+tyrannical. Every one fears him; no one loves him.&mdash;Thorn. Holcroft,
+<i>Deaf and Dumb</i> (1785.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Darling</b> <i>(Grace)</i>, daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper
+on Longs tone, one of the Fame Islands. On the morning of September 7,
+1838, Grace and her father saved nine of the crew of the <i>Forfarshire</i>
+steamer, wrecked among the Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Castle
+(1815-1842).</p>
+
+<p><b>Darnay</b> <i>(Charles)</i>, the lover and afterwards the husband of Lucie
+Manette. He bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, and was a noble
+character, worthy of Lucie. His real name was Evr&eacute;monde.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>A
+Tale of Two Cities</i> (1859.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Darnel</b> <i>(Aurelia)</i>, a character in Smollet's novel entitled <i>The
+Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves</i> (1760).</p>
+
+<p><b>Darnley</b>, the <i>amant</i> of Charlotte [Lambert], in <i>The Hypocrite</i>, by
+Isaac Bicker-staff. In Moli&egrave;re's comedy of <i>Tartuffe</i>, Charlotte is
+called &quot;Mariane,&quot; and Darnley is &quot;Val&egrave;re.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dar'-Thula,</b> daughter of Colla, and &quot;fairest of Erin's maidens.&quot; She
+fell in love with Nathos, one of the three sons of Usnoth, lord of Etha
+(in Argyllshire). Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with her, but his
+suit was rejected. Nathos was made commander of King Cormac's army at
+the death of Cuthullin, and for a time upheld the tottering throne. But
+the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and at length found means to
+murder the young king; whereupon the army under Nathos deserted. Nathos
+was now obliged to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled with him. A storm
+drove the vessel back to Ulster, where Cairbar was encamped, and Nathos,
+with his two brothers, being overpowered by numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was
+arrayed as a young warrior; but when her lover was slain &quot;her shield
+fell from her arm; her breast of snow appeared, but it was stained with
+blood. An arrow was fixed in her side,&quot; and her dying blood was mingled
+with that of the three brothers.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Dar-Thula</i> (founded on the
+story of &quot;Deirdri,&quot; i. <i>Trans, of the Gaelic Soc</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dar'tle</b> (<i>Rosa</i>), companion of Mrs. Steerforth. She loved Mrs.
+Steerforth's son, but her love was not reciprocated. Miss Dartle is a
+vindictive woman, noted for a scar on her lip, which told tales when her
+temper was aroused. This scar was from a wound given by young
+Steerforth, who struck her on the lip when a boy.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David
+Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Darwin's Missing Link</b>, the link between the monkey and man.
+According to Darwin, the present host of animal life began from a few
+elemental forms, which developed, and by natural selection propagated
+certain types of animals, while others less suited to the battle of life
+died out. Thus, beginning with the larvae of ascidians (a marine
+mollusc,) we get by development to fish lowly organized (as the
+lancelet), thence to ganoids and other fish, then to amphibians. From
+amphibians we get to birds and reptiles, and thence to mammals, among
+which comes the monkey, between which and man is a MISSING LINK.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dashall</b> (<i>The Hon. Tom</i>), cousin of Tally-ho. The rambles and
+adventures of these two blades are related by Pierce Egan (1821-1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>D'Asumar</b> (<i>Count</i>), an old Nestor who fancied nothing was so good
+as when he was a young man.</p>
+
+&quot;Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable<br>
+to those I knew heretofore; and the tournaments<br>
+are not performed with half the magnificence as<br>
+when I was a young man....&quot; Seeing some<br>
+fine peaches served up, he observed, &quot;In my<br>
+time, the peaches were much larger than they<br>
+are at present; natures degenerates every day.&quot;<br>
+&quot;At that rate,&quot; said his companion, smiling,<br>
+&quot;the peaches of Adam's time must have been<br>
+wonderfully large.&quot;&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, iv. 7<br>
+(1724).<br>
+
+<p><b>Daughter</b> (<i>The</i>), a drama by S. Knowles (1836). Marian, &quot;daughter&quot;
+of Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed to Edward, a sailor, who went
+on his last voyage, and intended then to marry her. During his absence a
+storm at sea arose, a body was washed ashore, and Robert went down to
+plunder it. Marian went to look for her father and prevent his robbing
+those washed ashore by the waves, when she saw in the dusk some one stab
+a wrecked body. It was Black Norris, but she thought it was her father.
+Robert being taken up Marian gave witness against him, and he was
+condemned to death. Norris said he would save her father if she would
+marry him, and to this she consented; but on the wedding day Edward
+returned. Norris was taken up for murder, and Marian was saved.</p>
+
+<p><b>Daughter with Her Murdered Father's Head.</b> Margaret Roper, daughter
+of Sir Thomas More, obtained privately the head of her father, which had
+been exposed for some days on London Bridge, and buried it in St.
+Dunstan's Church, Canterbury (1835). Tennyson alludes to this in the
+following lines:&mdash;</p>
+
+Morn broadened on the borders of the dark,<br>
+Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance<br>
+Her murdered father's head.<br>
+
+<p>The head of the young earl of Derwent-water was exposed on Temple Bar in
+1716. His wife drove in a cart under the the arch, and a man, hired for
+the purpose, threw the young earl's head into the cart, that it might be
+decently buried&mdash;Sir Bernard Burke Mdlle. de Sombreuil, daughter of the
+Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the sharing her father's prison during
+the &quot;Reign of Terror,&quot; and in accompanying him to the guillotine.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dauphin</b> <i>(Le Grand</i>), Louis duc de Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis
+XIV., for whom was published the <i>Delphine Classics</i> (1661-1711).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dauphin (Le Petit)</i>, son of the &quot;Grand Dauphin&quot; (1682-1712).</p>
+
+<p><b>Daura</b>, daughter of Armin. She was betrothed to Armar, son of
+Armart, Erath a rival lover having been rejected by her. One day,
+disguised as an old grey-beard, Erath told Daura that he was sent to
+conduct her to Armar, who was waiting for her. Without suspicion she
+followed her guide, who took her to a rock in the midst of the sea, and
+there left her. Her brother Arindal, returning from the chase, saw Erath
+on the shore, and bound him to an oak; then pushing off the boat, went
+to fetch back his sister. At this crisis Armar came up, and discharged
+his arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck Arindal, and killed him. &quot;The
+boat broke in twain,&quot; and Armar plunged into the sea to rescue his
+betrothed; but a &quot;sudden blast from the hills struck him, and he sank to
+rise no more.&quot; Daura was rescued by her father, but she haunted the
+shore all night in a drenching rain. Next day &quot;her voice grew very
+feeble; it died away; and spent with grief, she expired.&quot; Ossian, <i>Songs
+of Selma</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Davenant</b> (<i>Lord</i>), a bigamist. One wife was Marianne Dormer, whom
+he forsook in three months. It was given out that he was dead, and
+Marianne in time married Lord Davenant's son. His other wife was Louisa
+Travers, who was engaged to Captain Dormer, but was told that the
+Captain was faithless and had married another. When the villainy of his
+lordship could be no longer concealed he destroyed himself.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Davenant</i>, one of the two wives of Lord Davenant. She was &quot;a
+faultless wife,&quot; with beauty to attract affection, and every womanly
+grace.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles Davenant</i>, a son of Lord Davenant, who married Marianne Dormer,
+his father's wife.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Mysterious Husband</i> (1783).</p>
+
+<p><i>Davenant (Will)</i>, a supposed descendant from Shakespeare, and
+Wildrake's friend,&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, the
+Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Davenport</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), a Revolutionary veteran who, fighting the
+battle of Long Island over again in Parson Cushing's family, admits that
+General Washington poured out &quot;a terrible volley of curses.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;And he swore?&quot; objects Parson Gushing.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;It was not profane swearing. It was not taking GOD'S name in vain, for
+it sent us back as if we had been chased by lightning. It was an awful
+hour, and he saw it. It was life or death; country or no
+country.&quot;&mdash;Harriet Beecher Stowe, <i>Poganuc People</i> (1878).</p>
+
+<p><b>David</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> is meant for
+Charles II. As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled against him, so the
+Duke of Monmouth rebelled against his father Charles II. As Achitophel
+was a traitorous counsellor to David, so was the Earl of Shaftesbury to
+Charles II. As Husha&iuml; outwitted Achitophel, so Hyde (duke of Eochester)
+outwitted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc.</p>
+
+Auspicious prince.<br>
+Thy longing country's darling and desire,<br>
+Their cloudy pillar, and their guardian fire ...<br>
+The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme,<br>
+The young men's vision and the old men's dream.<br>
+
+<p>Dryden, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, i. (1681).</p>
+
+<p><i>David</i>, king of North Wales, eldest son of Owen, by his second wife.
+Owen died in 1169. David married Emma Plantagenet, a Saxon princess. He
+slew his brother Hoel and his half-brother Yorworth (son of Owen by his
+first wife), who had been set aside from the succession in consequence
+of a blemish in the face. He also imprisoned his brother Rodri, and
+drove others into exile. Madoc, one of his brothers, went to America,
+and established there a Welsh colony.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>David Sovine.</b> Witness in a murder case in Edward Eggleston's novel
+<i>The Graysons.</i> He is put upon the stand and tells a plausible story of
+&quot;the shooting,&quot; which he claims to have seen. The prosecutor then hands
+him over to the prisoner's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose
+cross-examination of the wretched man concludes thus:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Why does David Sovine go to all this trouble to perjure himself? Why
+does he wish to swear away the life of that young man who never did him
+any harm? Because that witness shot and killed George Lockwood himself.
+I move your honor that David Sovine be arrested at once for murder!&quot;
+(1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>David Swan.</b> A native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents
+who has had a &quot;classic finish&quot; by a year at Grilmanton Academy. He lies
+down to sleep at noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his head on a bundle
+of clothing. While sound asleep in the shade, he is passed by many
+people on the road. Five or six pause to survey the youth and comment
+upon him. Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts to the top, and bowls
+away, unconscious that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and of Death had
+visited him in the brief hour since he lay down to sleep.&mdash;Nathaniel
+Hawthorn, <i>Twice-told Tales</i>, (1851.)</p>
+
+<p><i>David (St.)</i>, son of Xantus, prince of Cereticu <i>(Cardiganshire)</i> and
+the nun Malearia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. St. David first
+embraced the ascetic life in the Isle of Wight, but subsequently removed
+to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, where he founded twelve convents. In 577
+the archbishop of Caerleon resigned his see to him, and St. David
+removed the seat of it to Menevia, which was subsequently called St.
+David's and became the metropolis of Wales. He died at the age of 146,
+in the year 642. The waters of Bath &quot;owe their warmth and salutary
+qualities to the benediction of this saint.&quot; Drayton says he lived in
+the valley of Ewias (2 <i>syl</i>.), between the hills of Hatterill, in
+Monmouthshire.</p>
+
+Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown,<br>
+In which not to this day the sun hath ever shown.<br>
+That reverend British saint in zealous ages past,<br>
+To contemplation lived.<br>
+
+<p><i>Polyolbion</i>, iv. (1612.)</p>
+
+<p><b>David and Jonathan</b>, inseparable friends. The allusion is to David
+the Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. David's lamentation at the
+death of Jonathan was never surpassed in pathos and beauty.&mdash;2 <i>Samuel</i>,
+i. 19-27.</p>
+
+<p><b>Davie Debet</b>, debt.</p>
+
+So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy hall,<br>
+Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand,<br>
+And bids thee welcome to thine own decay.<br>
+
+<p>G. Gascoigne, <i>Magnum Vectigal, etc</i>. (died 1775).</p>
+
+<p><b>Davie of Stenhonse</b>, a friend of Hobbie Elliott.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Davies</b> (<i>John</i>), an old fisherman employed by Joshua Geddes the
+quaker.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III).</p>
+
+<p><b>Da'vus,</b> a plain, uncouth servitor; a common name for a slave in
+Greek and Roman plays, as in the <i>Andria</i> of Terence.</p>
+
+His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.<br>
+His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth name.<br>
+
+<p>T. Tusser, <i>Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry</i>, liv. (1557).</p>
+
+<p><i>Davus sum, non Oedipus.</i> I am a homely man, and do not understand
+hints, innuendoes, and riddles, like Oedipus. Oedipus was the Theban who
+expounded the riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his countrymen.
+Davus was the stock name of a servant or slave in Latin comedies. The
+proverb is used by Terence, <i>Andria</i>, 1, 2, 23.</p>
+
+<p><b>Davy</b>, the varlet of Justice Shallow, who so identifies himself with
+his master that he considers himself half host half varlet. Thus when he
+seats Bardolph and Page at table, he tells them they must take &quot;his&quot;
+good will for their assurance of welcome.&mdash;Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>.
+(1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Daw</b> (<i>Sir David</i>), a rich, dunder-headed baronet of Monmouthshire,
+without wit, words, or worth, but believing himself somebody, and
+fancying himself a sharp fellow, because his servants laugh at his good
+sayings, and his mother calls him a wag. Sir David pays his suit to Miss
+[Emily] Tempest; but as the affections of the young lady are fixed on
+Henry Woodville, the baron goes to the wall.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Wheel of
+Fortune</i> (1779).</p>
+
+<p><i>Daw (Marjorie)</i> Edward Delaney, writing to another young fellow, John
+Flemming, confined in town in August by a broken leg, interests him in a
+charming girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has met in his (Delaney's)
+summering-place. His description of her ways, sayings and looks so works
+upon the imagination of the invalid that he falls madly in love with
+her&mdash;<i>without</i> sight. As soon as he can travel he rushes madly down to
+&quot;The Pines&quot; where his friend is staying, and finds instead of Delaney a
+letter:</p>
+
+<p>... &quot;I tried to make a little romance to interest you, something
+soothing and idyllic, and by Jove! I've done it only too well ... I fly
+from the wrath to come&mdash;when you arrive! For, O, dear Jack, there isn't
+any colonial mansion on the other side of the road, there isn't any
+piazza, there isn't any hammock,&mdash;there isn't any Marjorie Daw!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Bailey Aldrich, <i>Marjorie Daw</i> (1873).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dawfyd</b>, &quot;the one-eyed&quot; freebooter chief.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dawkins</b> (<i>Jack</i>), known by the sobriquet of the &quot;Artful Dodger.&quot; He
+is one of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young scamp of unmitigated
+villainy, and full of artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>, viii. (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dawson</b> (<i>Bully</i>), a London sharper, bully, and debauchee of the
+seventeenth century.&mdash;See <i>Spectator</i>, No. 2.</p>
+
+<p>Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half the town kicked by Bully
+Dawson.&mdash;Charles Lamb.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dawson (Jemmy).</i> Captain James Dawson
+was one of the eight officers belonging
+to the Manchester volunteers in the service
+of Charles Edward, the young pretender.
+He was a very amiable young man,
+engaged to a young lady of family and
+fortune, who went in her carriage to witness
+his execution for treason. When the
+body was drawn, <i>i.e.</i> embowelled, and the
+heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed,
+&quot;James Dawson!&quot; and expired. Shenstone
+has made this the subject of a tragic
+ballad.</p>
+
+Young Dawson was a gallant youth,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A brighter never trod the plain;</span><br>
+And well he loved one charming maid,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And dearly was he loved again.</span><br>
+
+<p>Shenstone, <i>Jemmy Dawson</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dawson (Phoebe)</i>, &quot;the pride of Lammas Fair,&quot; courted by all the
+smartest young men of the village, but caught &quot;by the sparkling eyes&quot;
+and ardent words of a tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before marriage,
+and after marriage he turned a &quot;captious tyrant and a noisy sot.&quot; Poor
+Phoebe drooped, &quot;pinched were her looks, as one who pined for bread,&quot;
+and in want and sickness she sank into an early tomb. This sketch is one
+of the best in Crabbe's <i>Parish Register</i> (1807).</p>
+
+<p><b>Day</b> (<i>Justice</i>), a pitiable hen-pecked husband, who always
+addresses his wife as &quot;duck&quot; or &quot;duckie.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Day</i>, wife of the &quot;justice,&quot; full of vulgar dignity, overbearing,
+and loud. She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her husband's father; but
+being raised from the kitchen to the parlor, became my lady paramount.</p>
+
+<p>In the comedy from which this farce is taken, &quot;Mrs. Day&quot; was the
+kitchen-maid in the family of Colonel Careless, and went by the name of
+Gillian. In her exalted state she insisted on being addressed as &quot;Your
+honor&quot; or &quot;Your ladyship.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Margaret Woffington [1718-1760], in &quot;Mrs. Day,&quot; made no scruples to
+disguise her beautiful face by drawing on it the lines of deformity, and
+to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar manners of an old
+hypocritical city vixen.&mdash;Thomas Davies.</p>
+
+<p><i>Abel Day</i>, a puritanical prig, who can do nothing without Obadiah. This
+&quot;downright ass&quot; (act i. I) aspires to the hand of the heiress
+Arabella.&mdash;T. Knight, <i>The Honest Thieves</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This farce is a mere <i>r&eacute;chauff&eacute;</i> of <i>The Committee</i>, a comedy by the
+Hon. Sir R. Howard (1670). The names of &quot;Day,&quot; &quot;Obadiah,&quot; and &quot;Arabella&quot;
+are the same.</p>
+
+<p><i>Day (Ferquhard)</i>, the absentee from the clan Chattan ranks at the
+conflict.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Day of the Dupes</b>, November 11, 1630. The dupes were Marie de
+Medicis,
+Anne of Austria, and Gaston, duc d'Orl&eacute;ans, who were outwitted by
+Cardinal Richelieu. The plotters had induced Louis XIII. to dismiss his
+obnoxious minister, whereupon the cardinal went at once to resign the
+seals of office; the king repented, re-established the cardinal, and he
+became more powerful than ever.</p>
+
+<p><b>Days Recurrent in the Lives of Great men.</b></p>
+
+<p>BECKET. Tuesday was Becket's day. He was born on a Tuesday, and on a
+Tuesday was assassinated. He was baptized on a Tuesday, took his flight
+from Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew to France on a Tuesday, had his
+vision of martydom on a Tuesday, returned to England on a Tuesday, his
+body was removed from the crypt to the shrine on a Tuesday, and on
+Tuesday (April 13, 1875) Cardinal Manning consecrated the new church
+dedicated to St. Thomas &agrave; Becket.</p>
+
+<p>CROMWELL'S day was September 3. On September 3, 1650, he won the battle
+of Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won the battle of Worcester; on
+September 3, 1658, he died.</p>
+
+<p>HAROLD'S day was October 14. It was his birthday, and also the day of
+his death. William the Conqueror was born on the same day, and, on
+October 14, 1066, won England by conquest.</p>
+
+<p>NAPOLEON'S day was August 15, his birthday; but his his &quot;lucky&quot; day,
+like that of his nephew, Napoleon III., was the 2nd of the month. He was
+made consul for life on August 2, 1802; was crowned December 2, 1804;
+won his greatest battle, that of Austerlitz, for which he obtained the
+title of &quot;Great,&quot; December 2, 1805; married the archduchess of Austria,
+April 2, 1810; etc.</p>
+
+<p>NAPOLEON III. The <i>coup d'&eacute;tat</i> was December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon was
+made emperor December 2, 1852; he opened, at Saarbr&uuml;ck, the
+Franco-German war August 2, 1870; and surrendered his sword to William
+of Prussia, September 2, 1870.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dazzle</b>, in <i>London Assurance</i>, by D. Boucicault.</p>
+
+&quot;Dazzle&quot; and &quot;Lady Gay Spanker&quot; &quot;act<br>
+themselves,&quot; and will never be dropped out of<br>
+the list of acting plays.&mdash;Percy Fitzgerald.<br>
+
+<p><b>De Bourgo</b> (<i>William</i>), brother of the earl of Ulster and commander
+of the English forces that defeated Felim O'Connor (1315) at Athunree,
+in Connaught.</p>
+
+Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [<i>Irish infantry</i>]<br>
+Beneath De Bourgo's battle stern.<br>
+
+<p>Campbell, <i>O'Connor's Child</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>De Courcy</b>, in a romance called <i>Women</i>, by the Rev. C.R. Maturin.
+An Irishman, made up of contradictions and improbabilities. He is in
+love with Zaira, a brilliant Italian, and also with her unknown
+daughter, called Eva Wentworth, a model of purity. Both women are
+blighted by his inconstancy. Eva dies, but Zaira lives to see De Courcy
+perish of remorse (1822).</p>
+
+<p><b>De Gard</b>, a noble staid gentleman, newly lighted from his travels;
+brother of Oria'na, who &quot;chases&quot; Mi'rabel &quot;the wild goose,&quot; and catches
+him.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Wild-goose Chase</i> (1652).</p>
+
+<p><b>De l'Ep&egrave;e</b> (<i>Abbe</i>). Seeing a deaf and dumb lad abandoned in the
+streets of Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up under the name of
+Theodore. The foundling turned out to be Julio, count of Harancour.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In your opinion, who is the greatest genius that France has ever
+produced?&quot; &quot;Science would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [<i>would</i>] say
+Buffon; Wit and Taste [<i>would</i>] present Voltaire; and Sentiment plead
+for Rousseau; but Genius and Humanity cry out for De l'Epee, and him I
+call the best and greatest of human creatures.&quot;&mdash;Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf
+and Dumb</i>, iii. 2. (1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>De Valmont</b> (<i>Count</i>), father of Florian and uncle of Geraldine.
+During his absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, the Baron
+Longueville, guardian of his castle; but under the hope of coming into
+the property, the baron set fire to the castle, intending thereby to
+kill the wife and her infant boy. When De Valmont returned and knew his
+losses, he became a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, frantic at
+times, and at times most melancholy. He adopted an infant &quot;found in a
+forest,&quot; who turned out to be his son. His wife was ultimately found,
+and the villainy of Longueville was brought to light.&mdash;W. Dimond, <i>The
+Foundling of the Forest.</i></p>
+
+<p>Many &quot;De Valmonts&quot; I have witnessed in fifty-four years, but have never
+seen the equal of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].&mdash;Donaldson.</p>
+
+<p><b>Deaf and Dumb</b> (<i>The</i>), a comedy by Thomas Holcroft. &quot;The deaf and
+dumb&quot; boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward of M. Darlemont, who, in
+order to get possession of his ward's property, abandons him when very
+young in the streets of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abb&eacute; De l'Ep&egrave;e,
+who brings him up under the name of Theodore. The boy being recognized
+by his old nurse and others, Darlemont confesses his crime, and Julio is
+restored to his rank and inheritance.&mdash;Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i>
+(1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dean of St. Patrick</b> (<i>The</i>), Jonathan Swift, who was appointed to
+the deanery in 1713, and retained it till his death. (1667-1745).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deans</b> (<i>Douce Davie</i>), the cowherd at Edinburgh, noted for his
+religious peculiarities, his magnanimity in affection, and his
+eccentricities.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mistress Rebecca Deans</i>, Douce Davie's second wife.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jeanie Deans</i>, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his first wife. She
+marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. Jeanie Deans is a
+model of good sense, strong affection, resolution, and
+disinterestedness. Her journey from Edinburgh to London is as
+interesting as that of <i>Elizabeth</i> from Siberia to Moscow, or of
+Bunyan's pilgrim.</p>
+
+<p><i>Effie [Euphemia] Deans</i>, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his second
+wife. She is betrayed by George [afterward Sir George] Staunton (called
+<i>Geordie Robertson</i>) and imprisoned for child-murder. Jeanie goes to the
+queen and sues for pardon, which is vouchsafed to her, and Staunton does
+what he can to repair the mischief he has done by marrying Effie, who
+thus becomes Lady Staunton. Soon after this Sir George is shot by a
+gypsy boy, who proves to be his own son, and Effie retires to a convent
+on the Continent.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George
+II).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> J.E.Millais has a picture of Effie Deans keeping tryst with George
+Staunton.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The prototype of Jeanie Deans was Helen Walker, to whose memory Sir
+W. Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray churchyard (Kirkcudbright).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dean</b> (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal church, official who brings a
+charge of heretical opinions and blacksliding against his pastor's wife
+in <i>John Ward, Preacher</i>, Margaret Deland (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Death or Mors.</b> So did Tennyson call Sir Ironside the Red Knight of
+the Red Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Lion&ecirc;s) captive in Castle Perilous.
+The name &quot;Mors,&quot; which is Latin, is very inconsistent with a purely
+British tale, and of course does not appear in the original
+story.&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Idylls</i> (&quot;Gareth and Lynette&quot;); Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 134-137 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Death from Strange Causes.</b></p>
+
+<p>&AElig;schylus was killed by the fall of a tortoise on his head from the claws
+of an eagle in the air.&mdash;Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p>
+
+<p>Agath'ocles (4 <i>syl</i>.), tyrant of Sicily, was killed by a tooth-pick, at
+the age of 95.</p>
+
+<p>Anacreon was choked by a grape stone.&mdash;Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p>
+
+<p>Bassus (<i>Q. Lucilius</i>) died from the prick of a fine needle in his left
+thumb.</p>
+
+<p>Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of laughter at the thought of his having
+outlived the time predicted for his death.</p>
+
+<p>Charles VIII., conducting his queen into a tennis-court, struck his head
+against the lintel, and it caused his death.</p>
+
+<p>Fabius, the Roman praetor, was choked by a single goat-hair in the milk
+which he was drinking.&mdash;Pliny, <i>Hist</i>. vii. 7.</p>
+
+<p>Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales, died from the blow of a cricket ball.</p>
+
+<p>Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, because (in observance of
+the rule of St. Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of anything.</p>
+
+<p>Louis VI. met with his death from a pig running under his horse, and
+causing it to stumble. Margutte died of laughter on seeing a monkey try
+ing to pull on a pair of his boots.</p>
+
+<p>Philom'enes (4 <i>syl</i>.) died of laughter at seeing an ass eating the figs
+provided for his own dessert.&mdash;Valerius Maximus.</p>
+
+<p>Placut (<i>Phillipot</i>) dropped down dead while in the act of paying a
+bill.&mdash;Backaberry the elder.</p>
+
+<p>Quenelault, a Norman physician of Montpellier, died from a slight wound
+made in his hand in the extraction of a splinter.</p>
+
+<p>Saufeius (<i>Spurius</i>) was choked supping up the albumen of a soft-boiled
+egg.</p>
+
+<p>Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at sight of a hag which he had
+just depicted.</p>
+
+<p><b>Death Ride</b> (<i>The</i>), the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava,
+October 25, 1854. In this action 600 English horsemen, under the earl of
+Cardigan, charged a Russian force of 5,000 calvary and six batallions of
+infantry. They galloped through the battery of thirty guns, cutting down
+the artillerymen, and through the calvary, but then discovered the
+batallions and cut their way back again. Of the 670 who advanced to this
+daring charge, not 200 returned. This reckless exploit was the result of
+some misunderstanding in an order from the commander-in-chief. Tennyson
+has a poem on the subject called <i>The Charge of the Light Brigade</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For chivalrous devotion and daring, &quot;the Death Ride&quot; of the Light
+Brigade will not easily be paralleled.&mdash;Sir Edw. Creasy, <i>The Fifteen
+Decisive Battles</i> (preface).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deb'on,</b> one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable,
+Devonshire is a corruption of &quot;Debon's-share&quot;, or the share of the
+country assigned to Debon.</p>
+
+<p><b>Deborah Debbitch</b>, governante at Lady Peveril's&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Peveril of the the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deborah Woodhouse.</b> The practical sister of the spinster pair who
+cherish (respectively) a secret attachment for Mr. Dermer. Miss Deborah
+is an admirable cook, and an affectionate aunt and considers that in
+religion a woman ought to think just as her husband does.&mdash;Margaret
+Deland, <i>John Ward, Preacher</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><b>Decem Scriptores</b>, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English
+history, edited by Twysden and John Selden. The names of the chroniclers
+are Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham, Ailred of
+Rieval, Ralph De Diceto, John Brompton of Jorval, Gervase of Canterbury,
+Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, and Henry Knighton of
+Leicester.</p>
+
+<p><b>December.</b> A mother laments in the</p>
+
+&quot;Darkest of all Decembers<br>
+Ever her life has known,&quot;<br>
+
+<p>the death of two sons, one of whom fell in battle, while the other
+perished at sea.</p>
+
+&quot;Ah, faint heart! in thy anguish<br>
+What is there left to thee?<br>
+Only the sea intoning<br>
+Only the wainscot-mouse<br>
+Only the wild wind moaning<br>
+Over the lonely house!&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Thomas Bailey Aldrich, <i>Poems</i>, (1882).</p>
+
+<p><b>De'cius,</b> friend of Antin'ous (4 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher,
+<i>Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dedlock</b> <i>(Sir Leicester), bart</i>., who has a general opinion that
+the world might get on without hills, but would be &quot;totally done up&quot;
+without Dedlocks. He loves Lady Dedlock, and believes in her implicity.
+Sir Leicester is honorable and truthful, but intensely prejudiced,
+immovably obstinate, and proud as &quot;county&quot; can make a man; but his pride
+has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Dedlock becomes known.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Dedlock</i>, wife of Sir Leicester, beautiful, cold, and apparently
+heartless; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that
+before marriage she had had a daughter by Captain Hawdon. This
+daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel.</p>
+
+<p><i>Volumnia Dedlock</i>, cousin of Sir Leicester. A &quot;young&quot; lady of 60, given
+to rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She has a habit of prying into
+the concerns of others.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1853).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dee's Spec'ulum,</b> a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought
+to him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it
+passed into the possession of the Earl of Peterborough, at Drayton; then
+to Lady Betty Grermaine, by whom it was given to John, last duke of
+Argyll. The duke's grandson (Lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to Horace
+Walpole; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the curiosities
+of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott. At the sale of Mr.
+Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the possession of the late
+Lord Londesborough. A writer in <i>Notes and Queries</i> (p. 376, November 7,
+1874) says, it &quot;has now been for many years in the British Museum,&quot;
+where he saw it &quot;some eighteen years ago.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>This magic speculum is a flat <i>polished mineral, like cannel coal</i>, of a
+circular form, fitted with a handle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Deerslayer</b> (<i>The</i>), the title of a novel by J.F. Cooper, and the
+nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. He is a model
+uncivilized man, honorable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and
+without reproach.</p>
+
+<p><b>Deerfield.</b> The particulars of the captivity of the Williams family
+of Deerfield, (Mass.), are told by John Williams, the head of the
+household. The Indians entered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703, broke
+into the house, murdered two children and a servant and carried the rest
+into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams being weak from a recent illness, was
+killed on the journey.&mdash;John Williams, <i>The Redeemed Captive Returning
+to Zion</i> (1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Defarge</b> (<i>Mons.</i>), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourg St.
+Antoine, in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but
+implacable-looking man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mde. Defarge</i>, his wife, a dangerous woman, with great force of
+character; everlastingly knitting.</p>
+
+<p>Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at
+anything.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>A Tale of Two Cities</i>, i. 5 (1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Defender of the Faith</b>, the title first given to Henry VIII, by Pope
+Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the papacy,
+and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the Vatican, and
+contains this inscription in the king's handwriting; <i>Anglorum rex
+Henricus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus et fidei testem et amiciti&aelig;</i>;
+whereupon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign) conferred upon
+Henry, by bull, the title &quot;Fidei Defensor,&quot; and commanded all Christians
+so to address him. The original bull was preserved by Sir Robert Cotton,
+and is signed by the pope, four bishop-cardinals, fifteen
+priest-cardinals, and eight deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the
+bull, with its seals and signatures, may be seen in Selden's <i>Titles of
+Honor</i>, v. 53-57 (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Defoe</b> writes <i>The History of the Plague of London</i> as if he had
+been a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the
+the time (1663-1731).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deggial</b>, antichrist. The Mohammedan writers say he has but one eye
+and one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written CAFER (&quot;infidel&quot;)</p>
+
+<p>Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his
+exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the
+earth.&mdash;W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deird'ri,</b> an ancient Irish story similar to the <i>Dar-Thula</i> of
+Ossian. Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons
+of Usnach. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which
+terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three
+tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (1) The death of the children of
+Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans); (2) the death of the children of
+Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife; (3) the death of the children
+of Usnach (a &quot;Milesian&quot; story).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dek'abrist,</b> a Decembrist, from <i>Dekaber</i>, the Russian for December.
+It denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part
+they took in the military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg
+in December, 1825, on the accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dela'da,</b> the tooth of Buddah, preserved in the Malegawa temple at
+Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief
+that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When the
+English (in 1815) obtained possession of this palladium, the natives
+submitted without resistance.</p>
+
+<p><b>Delaserre</b> (<i>Captain Philip</i>), a friend of Harry Bertram.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>De'lia,</b> Diana; so called from the island
+Delos, where she was born. Similarly,
+Apollo was called <i>Delius</i>. Milton says
+that Eve, e'en</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Delia's self,</span><br>
+In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport,<br>
+Though not as she with bow and quiver armed.<br>
+
+<p><i>Paradise Lost</i>, ix. 338, etc. (1665).</p>
+
+<p><i>Delia</i>, any female sweetheart. She is one of the shepherdesses in
+Virgil's <i>Eclogues</i>. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls his lady-love
+&quot;Delia,&quot; but what her real name was is not certain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Delia</i>, the lady-love of James Hammond's elegies, was Miss Dashwood,
+who died in 1779. She rejected his suit, and died unmarried. In one of
+the elegies the poet imagines himself married to her, and that they were
+living happily together till death, when pitying maids would tell of
+their wondrous loves.</p>
+
+<p><b>Delian King</b> (<i>The</i>). Apollo or the sun is so called in the Orphic
+hymn,</p>
+
+Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds<br>
+The central heavens.<br>
+
+<p>Akenside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i> (1767).</p>
+
+<p><b>Delight of Mankind</b> (<i>The</i>), Titus the Roman emperor, A.D.40,
+(79-81).</p>
+
+Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam,<br>
+More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread<br>
+Of storm and horror: &quot;The Delight of Men.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Thomson, <i>Liberty</i>, in. (1725).</p>
+
+<p><b>Della Crusca School,</b> originally applied in 1582 to a society in
+Florence, established to purify the national language and sift from it
+all its impurities; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets (at
+the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs. Piozzi. This
+school was conspicuous for affectation and high-flown panegyrics on each
+other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in <i>The Baviad</i>, in 1794, and <i>The
+Moeviad</i>, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed himself <i>Della Crusca</i>,
+James Cobb, a farce-writer, James Boswell (biographer of Dr. Johnson),
+O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft, Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs.
+H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were its best exponents.</p>
+
+<p><b>Del'phine,</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de
+Sta&euml;l. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover, and
+dies of a broken heart. This novel, like <i>Corinne</i>, was written during
+her banishment from France by Napoleon I., when she travelled in
+Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that &quot;Delphine&quot; was meant
+for the authoress herself (1802).</p>
+
+<p><b>Delphine Classics</b> (<i>The</i>), a set of Latin classics edited in France
+for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief
+editor, assisted by Montausier and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine
+scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very
+valuable.</p>
+
+<p><b>Delta</b>&nbsp; of <i>Blackwood</i> is D.M.Moir (1798-1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>Del'ville</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man
+of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty humility and
+condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social
+inferiors.&mdash;Miss Burney, <i>Cecilia</i> (1782). <b>Deme'tia,</b> South Wales;
+the inhabitants are called Demetians.</p>
+
+Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, v. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deme'trius,</b> a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) promised his
+daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to
+marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in
+quest of her, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four
+fell asleep, and &quot;dreamed a dream&quot; about the fairies. On waking,
+Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia disliked him, but
+that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and
+take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out how
+the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with
+Lysander.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i> (1592).</p>
+
+<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, in <i>The Poetaster</i>, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John
+Marston (died 1633).</p>
+
+<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, (4 <i>syl</i>.), son of King Antig'onus, in love with Celia,
+<i>alias</i> Enan'th&ecirc;.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i>
+(1647).</p>
+
+<p><i>Deme'trius</i>, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius
+Comnenus.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Demiurgus</b>, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made
+the world and all that it contains. The Logos or &quot;Word&quot; of St. John's
+Gospel (ch. i. I) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians.</p>
+
+<p><b>Democ'ritos</b> (in Latin <i>Democritus</i>), the laughing or scoffing
+philosopher, the Friar Bacon of his age. To &quot;dine with Democ'ritos&quot; is
+to go without dinner, the same as &quot;dining with Duke Humphrey,&quot; or
+&quot;dining with the cross-legged knights.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>People think that we [<i>authors</i>] often dine with Democritos, but there
+they are mistaken. There is not one of the fraternity who is not welcome
+to some good table.&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, xii. 7 (1735).</p>
+
+<p><b>Democritus Junior,</b> Robert Burton, author of <i>The Anatomy of
+Melancholy</i> (1576-1640).</p>
+
+<p><b>Demod'ocos</b> (in Latin <i>Demodocus</i>), bard of Alcin'ous (4 <i>syl</i>.)
+king of the Ph&aelig;a'cians.</p>
+
+Such as the wise Demodicos once told<br>
+In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast,<br>
+While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest<br>
+Are held, with his melodious harmony,<br>
+In willing chains and sweet captivity.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Vacation Exercise</i> (1627).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dem'ogor'gon,</b> tyrant of the elves and fays, whose very name
+inspired terror; hence Milton speaks of &quot;the dreaded name of Demogorgon&quot;
+(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, ii. 965). Spenser says he &quot;dwells in the deep abyss
+where the three fatal sisters dwell&quot; (<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 2); but Ariosto
+says he inhabited a splendid palace on the Himalaya Mountains.
+Demogorgon is mentioned by Statius in the <i>Thebaid</i>, iv. 516.</p>
+
+<p>He's the first-begotten of Be&euml;lzebub, with a face as terrible as
+Demogorgon.&mdash;Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i>, v. 2 (1680).</p>
+
+<p><b>Demon.</b> Increase Mather tells a long and circumstantial story of
+<i>The Demon at William Morse His House</i>, time of visitation being 1679.
+&quot;The true story of these strange disturbances is as yet not certainly
+known,&quot; he says. &quot;Some (as has been hinted), did suspect Morse's wife to
+be guilty of witchcraft.&quot;&mdash;Increase Mather, <i>An Essay for the Eecording
+of Illustrious Providences</i> (1681). <b>Demoph'o&ocirc;n</b> (4 <i>syl.</i>) was
+brought up by Dem&ecirc;ter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged him
+every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity,
+watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck; whereupon Dem&ecirc;ter told
+her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth.</p>
+
+<p>This story is also told of Isis.&mdash;Plutarch, <i>De Isid. et
+Osirid</i>., xvi. 357.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">A similar story is told of Achill&ecirc;s. His mother Thet'is
+was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father
+Pe'leus (2 <i>syl</i>.) interfered.&mdash;Apollonius Rhodius, <i>Argonautic Exp</i>.,
+iv. 866.</p>
+
+<p><b>Demos'thenes of the Pulpit.</b> Dr. Thomas Rennell, dean of
+Westminster, was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dendin</b> (<i>Peter</i>), an old man, who had settled more disputes than
+all the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to
+wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention, and
+longed to end their disputes; then he would interpose, and his judgment
+could not fail to be acceptable.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tenot Dendin</i>, son of the above, but, unlike the father, he always
+tried to crush quarrels in the bud; consequently, he never succeeded in
+settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment.&mdash;Rabelais,
+<i>Pantagruel</i>, in. 41 (1545).</p>
+
+<p>(Racine has introduced the same name into his comedy called <i>Les
+Plaideurs</i> (1669), and Lafontaine in his <i>Fables</i> 1668).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dennet</b> (<i>Father</i>), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dennis</b> the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the &quot;No Popery
+Riots;&quot; the other two were Hugh, servant of the Maypole inn, and the
+half-witted Barnaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when he &quot;turned
+off&quot; others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most
+grovelling and craven spirit.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dennis (John)</i>, &quot;the best abused man in English literature.&quot; Swift
+lampooned him; Pope assailed him in the <i>Essay on Criticism</i>; and
+finally he was &quot;damned to everlasting fame&quot; in the <i>Dunciad</i>. He is
+called &quot;Zo'&iuml;lus&quot; (1657-1733).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dennison</b> <i>(Jenny)</i>, attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries
+Cuddie Headrigg.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dermer</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, a little bachelor lawyer, whose face has &quot;a
+pinched, wistful look&quot; under the curls of his brown wig. He lives in a
+dreary house, with a testy housekeeper, and a timid little nephew-ward,
+and spends many of his lonely hours in trying to decide if he loves Miss
+Deborah Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic Miss Ruth. On his
+death-bed, he gives an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss Ruth.</p>
+
+&quot;Not that I have&mdash;have changed my mind,<br>
+but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss Deborah's<br>
+sister should give me&mdash;if she will be<br>
+so good&mdash;her hand, that I may say 'goodbye'&quot;&mdash;Margaret<br>
+Deland, <i>John Ward, Preacher</i><br>
+(1888).<br>
+
+<p><b>D'&Eacute;on de Beaumont</b> (<i>Le Chevalier</i>), a person notorious for the
+ambiguity of his sex; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was
+pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a
+woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the
+czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed
+captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again,
+which he maintained till death (1728-1810).</p>
+
+<p><b>Derby</b> (<i>Earl of</i>), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near
+kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died 1362.
+Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne, and was
+noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He defeated the
+Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the castle of
+Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only 1000, taking
+prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights, and squires
+(1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur, Montpezat,
+Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and Reole.</p>
+
+<p>That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant son,
+the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men.</p>
+
+<p>Dayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xviii. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><i>Derby (Countess of)</i>, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby and
+Queen of Man.</p>
+
+<p><i>Philip (earl of Derby)</i>, King of Man, son of the countess.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Daniel Deronda,</b> pure young fellow whose influence for good over men
+and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that
+virtue is mightier than vice. &quot;You could not have seen his face
+thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures had done
+nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to come.&quot;&mdash;George
+Eliot, <i>Daniel Deronda</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Der'rick,</b> hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The
+crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman.</p>
+
+<p><i>Derrick (Faith).</i> The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel <i>Say and
+Seal</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><i>Derrick (Tom)</i>, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Derry Down Triangle</b> <i>(The)</i>, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis
+of Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on
+the title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being
+the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments.
+Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to &quot;water spouting
+from a pump.&quot;</p>
+
+<i>Q</i>. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh?<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>A</i>. Because it is a slender thing of wood,</span><br>
+That up and down its awkward arm doth sway,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away,</span><br>
+In one weak, washy, everlasting flood.<br>
+<br>
+T. Moore.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dervish</b> (&quot;<i>a poor man</i>&quot;), a sort of religious friar or mendicant
+among the Mohammedans.</p>
+
+<p><b>Desboroug-h</b> <i>(Colonel)</i>, one of the parliamentary
+commissioners.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i> (time, Commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Desdemo'na,</b> daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with
+Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her
+intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him to
+believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict between
+love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and then stabs
+himself.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> (1611.)</p>
+
+<p>The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of
+innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to
+suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill in
+human nature.&mdash;Dr. Johnson.</p>
+
+<p><b>Desert Fairy</b> <i>(The)</i>. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that
+could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and
+crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, &quot;I swear by my coif
+you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my crutch.&quot;&mdash;Comtesse
+D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;The Yellow Dwarf,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deserted Daughter</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the
+daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady Anne.
+In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought up by
+strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a
+money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with Mrs.
+Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains
+Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees
+her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent
+repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and
+she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This comedy has been recast, and called <i>The Steward</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Deserter</b> <i>(The)</i>, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a
+soldier, is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of
+gallantry to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love,
+Louisa in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the
+procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of
+desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death.
+Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with his
+pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat.</p>
+
+<p><b>Desmas.</b> The repentant thief is so called in <i>The Story of Joseph of
+Arimathea</i>; but Dismas in the apocryphal <i>Gospel of Nicodemus.</i>
+Longfellow, in <i>The Golden Legend</i>, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent
+thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus.</p>
+
+Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis:<br>
+<i>Dismas et Gesmas</i>, media est Divina Potestas;<br>
+Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas;<br>
+Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas.<br>
+<br>
+Of differing merits from three trees incline<br>
+Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine;<br>
+Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves,<br>
+The power Divine by death the sinner saves.<br>
+
+<p><b>Desmonds of Kilmallock</b> (Limerick). The legend is that the last
+powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that
+every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake early
+in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim his own
+again. (See BARBAROSSA.)&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Despair</b> (<i>Giant</i>), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and
+Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark
+dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without &quot;one bit of bread, or drop
+of drink, or ray of light.&quot; By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the
+giant beat them soundly &quot;with a crab-tree cudgel.&quot; On Saturday night
+Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called &quot;Promise,&quot; which
+would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon door,
+and they both made their escape with speed.&mdash;John Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's
+Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deuce is in Him</b> (<i>The</i>) a farce by George Colman, senior. The
+person referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the
+farce is given (1762).</p>
+
+<p><b>Deuga'la,</b> says Ossian, &quot;was covered with the light of beauty, but
+her heart was the house of pride.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Deve'ta,</b> plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hind&ucirc;
+mythology.</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil</b> (<i>The</i>). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the
+king's barber, was called <i>Le Diable</i>, because he was as much feared,
+was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the
+prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484.</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil (The French)</i>, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at
+Dunkirk (1650-1702).</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil (The White)</i>. George Castriot, surnamed &quot;Scanderbeg,&quot; was called
+by the Turks &quot;The White Devil of Wallachia&quot; (1404-1467).</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil (The Printer's)</i>. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the holy
+Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his office.
+This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and went by
+the name of the &quot;printer's devil.&quot; In order to protect him from
+persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a public
+exhibition of the boy, and announced that &quot;any one who doubted him to be
+flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil (Robert the)</i>, of Normandy; so called because his father was said
+to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight
+(1028-1035).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Robert Francois Damiens is also called <i>Robert le Diable</i>, for his
+attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757).</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil (Son of the)</i>, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of
+Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil Dick</b>, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil on Two Sticks</b>, (<i>The</i>), that is <i>Le Diable Boiteux</i>, by
+Lesage (1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from
+the Spanish, <i>El Diabolo Cojuelo</i>, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (<i>le
+diable boiteux</i>) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador,
+and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and
+expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling.</p>
+
+<p><i>Devil on Two Sticks (The)</i>, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the
+medical profession.</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil to Pay</b>, (<i>The</i>), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has
+a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits
+named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that
+the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John. When
+my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and soon
+reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two are
+restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an obedient,
+modest wife (died, 1745).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil's Age</b> (<i>The</i>). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor
+gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they
+could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at his
+wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then into a
+barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came his
+Satanic majesty, and said, &quot;<i>X and x</i> years have I lived,&quot; naming the
+exact number, &quot;yet never saw I an animal like this.&quot; The gentlemen had
+heard enough, and was able to answer the question without
+difficulty.&mdash;Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque Legends</i>, 58 (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil's Chalice</b> (<i>The</i>). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large
+sum of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was
+either to say &quot;of what the devil made his chalice,&quot; or else give his
+head to the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself
+in the crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides.
+Said one witch to another, &quot;You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his
+head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his
+chalice. In fact I don't know myself.&quot; &quot;Don't you?&quot; said the other;
+&quot;why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays.&quot;&mdash;The farmer
+was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his
+answer.&mdash;Rev. W. Webster, <i>Basque Legends</i>, 71 (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil's Dyke, Brighton</b> (<i>The</i>). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking
+over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had
+rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable
+majesty in person. &quot;Ha, ha!&quot; said the prince of darkness; &quot;so you think
+by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban, do you?
+Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land with the
+sea.&quot; &quot;Forewarned is forearmed,&quot; thought St. Cuthman, and hies him to
+sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on the spot of the
+present Dyke House. &quot;Sister,&quot; said the saint, &quot;I love you well. This
+night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the convent windows
+from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said by the holy
+sisterhood.&quot; At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and spade, mattock:
+and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to dig a dyke which
+should let the waters of the seas into the downs. &quot;Fire and brim-stone!&quot;
+&mdash;he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and fell in sacred song&mdash;&quot;Fire
+and brim-stone! What's the matter with me?&quot; Shoulders, feet, wrists,
+loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went mattock and spade, pickaxe and
+shovel, and just at that moment the lights at the convent windows burst
+forth, and the cock, mistaking the blaze for daybreak, began to crow
+most lustily. Off flew the devil, and never again returned to complete
+his work. The small digging he effected still remains in witness of the
+truth of this legend of the &quot;Devil's Dyke.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil's Parliament</b> (<i>The</i>), the parliament assembled by Henry VI.
+at Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke
+of York and his chief supporters.</p>
+
+<p><b>Devil Sacrament.</b> This blasphemous rite whereby those who would
+practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is
+described by Deodat Lawson in 1704.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red drink,
+and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink thereof she
+turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will not eat, I will
+not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan endeavor to have
+his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of our Lord Jesus
+Christ.&quot;&mdash;Deodat Lawson, <i>Christ's Fidelity the only Shield against
+Satan's Malignity</i> (1704).</p>
+
+<p><b>Devonshire</b>, according to historic fable, is a corruption of
+&quot;Debon's-share.&quot; This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the
+descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a pit
+eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell
+backwards and lost his life.</p>
+
+... that ample pit, yet far renowned<br>
+For the great leap which Debon did compel<br>
+Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground,<br>
+Into the which retourning back he fell ...<br>
+And Debon's share was that is Devonshire.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, ii. 10 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>De'vorgoil</b> (<i>Lady Jane</i>), a friend of the Hazlewood family.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dewlap</b> (<i>Dick</i>), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more
+upon his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most
+telling points.</p>
+
+<p>I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of a fat
+paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.&mdash;Richard Steele.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dexter</b>, (<i>Gregory</i>), the typical Successful Man who is first
+suitor, then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore
+Woolson's <i>Anne</i>.</p>
+
+&quot;A little indifference to outside opinion would<br>
+have made him a contented, as he was a successful<br>
+man. But there was a surface of personal<br>
+vanity over his better qualities which led him to<br>
+desire a tribute of universal liking.&quot; (1882).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dhu</b> (<i>Evan</i>) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mhich-Connel Dhu</i>. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of
+Montrose.&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Sir W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dhul'dul,</b> the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dhu'l Karnein</b> (&quot;<i>the two-horned</i>,&quot;) a true believer according to
+the Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of
+Gog and Magog.&mdash;<i>Al Kor&acirc;n</i>, xviii.</p>
+
+Commentators say the wall was built in this<br>
+manner: The workman dug till they found<br>
+water; and having laid the foundation of stone<br>
+and melted brass, they built the superstructure<br>
+of large pieces of iron, between which they<br>
+packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled<br>
+the height of the mountains [<i>of Armenia</i>]. Then<br>
+setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of<br>
+bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured<br>
+molten brass over to fill up the interstices.<br>
+
+<p>&mdash;Al Beidawi.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dhu'lnun,</b> the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was
+<i>swallowed by a fish</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we could
+not exercise our power over him.&mdash;<i>Al Kor&acirc;n</i>, xxi.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diafoirus</b> (<i>Thomas</i>), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical
+milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in marriage.
+Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches, and on one
+occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, &quot;Madame, vous m'avez
+interrompu dans le milieu de ma p&eacute;riode, et cela m'a troubl&eacute; la
+m&eacute;moire.&quot; His father says, &quot;Thomas, reservez cela pour une autre fois.&quot;
+Angelique loves Cl&eacute;ante (2 <i>syl</i>.), and Thomas Diafoirus goes to the
+wall.</p>
+
+<p>Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on
+remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il &eacute;tait petit, il n'a jamais
+&eacute;t&eacute; ce qu'on appelle mi&egrave;vre et &eacute;veille; on le voyait toujours doux,
+paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais &agrave; tons
+ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Malade
+Imaginaire</i>, ii.6 (1673).</p>
+
+<p><b>Di'amond,</b> one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agap&ecirc;. Though
+very strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were
+Pri'amond and Tri'amond.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diamond Jousts</b>, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called
+because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by Sir
+Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a tiff,
+flung them into the river which ran by the palace.&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Idylls of
+the King</i> (&quot;Elaine&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diamond Sword</b>, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of
+the Gold Mines.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>She gave him a sword made of one entire
+diamond, that gave as great lustre as the sun.&mdash;Comtesse
+D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;The Yellow
+Dwarf,&quot; 1682).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Diana</b>, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated
+from the <i>Daphnis</i> and <i>Chloe</i> of Longos (fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dian'a</i>, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged on
+her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram wantonly
+loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the means of
+bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife
+Helena.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>All's Well that Ends Well</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dian'a de Lascours</b>, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and
+sister of Martha, <i>alias</i> Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de
+Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The Orphan of the
+Frozen Sea</i> (1856).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dian'a the Inexorable.</b> (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows,
+for daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Act&aelig;on into a stag and
+set her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to
+look upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons
+and six daughters of Niob&eacute;, because the fond mother said she was happier
+than Latona, who had only two children.</p>
+
+Dianae non movenda numina.<br>
+
+<p>Horace, <i>Epode</i>, xvii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diana the Second of Salmantin,</b> a pastoral romance by Gil Polo.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;We will preserve that book,&quot; said the cure,
+&quot;as carefully as if Apollo himself had been its
+author.&quot;&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. 6 (1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diana</b> <i>(the Temple of</i>), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of
+antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diana of the Stage</b>, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dian'a's Foresters</b>, &quot;minions of the moon,&quot; &quot;Diana's knights,&quot; etc.,
+highwaymen.</p>
+
+Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king,<br>
+let not us that are &quot;squires of the night's body&quot;<br>
+be called <i>thieves</i> ... let us be &quot;Diana's foresters,&quot;<br>
+&quot;Gentlemen of the shade,&quot; &quot;minions of the<br>
+moon.&quot;&mdash;Shakespeare, I <i>Henry IV</i>. act i. sc. 2<br>
+(1597).<br>
+
+<p><b>Diano'ra,</b> wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by
+Ansaldo. In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never
+to yield to his suit till he could &quot;make her garden at midwinter as gay
+with flowers as it was in summer&quot; (meaning <i>never</i>). Ansaldo, by the aid
+of a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told
+him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not
+to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his claim,
+and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of
+Gilberto.&mdash;Bocaccio, <i>Decameron</i>, x.5.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Franklin's Tale</i> of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See
+DORIGEN).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diarmaid</b>, noted for his &quot;beauty spot,&quot; which he covered up with his
+cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in
+love with him.&mdash;Campbell, <i>Tales of the West Highlands</i> (&quot;Diarmaid and
+Grainne&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diav'olo</b> (<i>Fra</i>), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria
+(1760-1806).&mdash;Auber, <i>Fra Diavolo</i> (libretto by Scribe, 1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dibble</b> (<i>Davie</i>), gardener at Monkbarns.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dibu'tades</i> (4 <i>syl</i>.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on
+the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This, it
+is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the same
+process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of sculpture
+in relief.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than
+that fair daughter of Dibutades tracing the beloved
+shadow on the wall!--Ouida, <i>Ariadn&ecirc;</i>, i. 6.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Dicae'a,</b> daughter of Jove, the &quot;accusing angel&quot; of classic
+mythology.</p>
+
+Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage.<br>
+<br>
+Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, vi. (1633).<br>
+
+<p><b>Diccon the Bedlamite</b>, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A
+specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech:</p>
+
+Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies,<br>
+And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais;<br>
+Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted,<br>
+And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ...<br>
+When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee,<br>
+And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee<br>
+Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle,<br>
+Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Gammer Gurton's Needle</i> (1575).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dicil'la,</b> one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+chastity.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlanda Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dick</b>, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of
+Midlothian</i> (time, Greorge II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dick</i>, called &quot;The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;&quot; a falconer and follower
+of the earl of Douglas.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dick (Mr.)</i>, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's &quot;aunt,&quot;
+Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick is
+especially mad on the subject of Charles I.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David
+Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dick Amlet</b>, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick
+assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel Shapely,
+in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the daughter of Gripe,
+a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his mother makes her
+appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs. Amlet promises to give
+her son &pound;10,000, and so the wedding is adjusted. Dick is a regular
+scamp, and wholly without principle; but being a dashing young blade,
+with a handsome person, he is admired by the ladies.&mdash;Sir John Vanbrugh,
+<i>The Confederacy</i> (1695).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dick Shakebag</b>, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the
+Alsatian bully).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dickson</b> (<i>Thomas</i>) farmer at Douglasdale.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles Dickson</i>, son of the above, killed in the church.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time, Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dicta'tor of Letters</b>, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the
+&quot;Great Pan&quot; (1694-1778).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dictionary</b> (<i>A Living</i>). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so
+called by George I.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Longinus was called &quot;The Living Cyclopaedia&quot; (213-273).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Daniel Huet, chief editor of the <i>Delphine Classics</i>, was called a
+<i>Porcus Literarum</i> for his unlimited knowledge (1630-1721).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diddler</b> (<i>Jeremy</i>), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond,
+who borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other
+expedients.&mdash;Kenny, <i>Raising the Wind</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diderick</b>, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As
+Arthur is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French
+romance, so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers.
+<b>Didier</b> (<i>Henri</i>), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 <i>syl</i>.); a
+gentleman in feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his <i>fianc&eacute;e</i>
+through all her troubles.&mdash;Ed. Stirling, <i>The Courier of Lyons</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dido</b>, <i>daughter of Belus, king of Tyre</i>. She bought &quot;as much land
+in Africa as a bull's hide could cover,&quot; shred the hide into strings,
+and enclosed a large tract. &AElig;neas was wrecked upon her coast, and a
+love affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after
+watching his ship until it was out of sight.</p>
+
+<p><b>Die'go,</b> the sexton to Lopez the &quot;Spanish curate.&quot;&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><i>Die'go (Don)</i>, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora,
+whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as her
+face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her home and
+place her under a duenna for three months, and then either return her to
+them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the expiration of the time,
+he went to settle the marriage contract; and, to make all things sure,
+locked up the house, giving the keys to Ursula, but to the outer door he
+attached a huge padlock, and put the key in his pocket. Leander, being
+in love with Leonora, laughed at locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2
+<i>syl</i>.), found them about to elope. Being a wise man, he not only
+consented to their union, but gave Leonora a handsome marriage
+portion.&mdash;I. Bickerstaff, <i>The Padlock.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Dies Irae.</b> The name generally given from the opening words to a
+mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the hymn
+is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples, Thomas de
+Celano, who died about 1255.</p>
+
+Dies irae, dies ilia<br>
+Sol vet sseclum in favilla<br>
+Teste David cum Sibylla.<br>
+<br>
+That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day<br>
+When Heaven and Earth shall pass away,<br>
+So David and the Sibyl say.<br>
+
+<p><b>Diet of Performers.</b></p>
+
+<p>BEAHAM sang on <i>bottled porter</i>.</p>
+
+<p>CATLEY <i>(Miss)</i> took <i>linseed tea and madeira.</i></p>
+
+<p>COOKE <i>(G.F.)</i> drank everything.</p>
+
+<p>HENDEESON, <i>gum arable and sherry</i>.</p>
+
+<p>INCLEDON sang on <i>madeira</i>.</p>
+
+<p>JOEDAN <i>(Mrs.)</i> drank <i>calves'-foot jelly and sherry.</i></p>
+
+<p>KEAN <i>(C.)</i> took <i>beef-tea</i> for breakfast, and preferred a <i>rump-steak</i>
+for dinner.</p>
+
+<p>KEAN <i>(Edm.)</i> EMERY and REEVE drank <i>cold brandy-and-water.</i></p>
+
+<p>KEMBLE <i>(John)</i> took <i>opium</i>.</p>
+
+<p>LEWIS, <i>mulled wine</i> and <i>oysters</i>.</p>
+
+<p>MACEEADY used to eat the <i>lean of mutton-chops</i> when he acted, and
+subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet.</p>
+
+<p>OXBERRY drank <i>tea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>RUSSELL <i>(Henry)</i> took a <i>boiled egg</i>.</p>
+
+<p>SMITH (<i>W</i>.) drank <i>coffee</i>.</p>
+
+<p>WOOD (<i>Mrs</i>.) sang on <i>draught porter</i>.</p>
+
+<p>WEENCH and HAELEY took <i>no</i> refreshment during a performance.&mdash;W. O.
+Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>. 272.</p>
+
+<p><b>Die'trich</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.). So Theod'oric <i>The Great</i> is called by the
+German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen Kriemhild
+in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and succeeded in
+capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These he handed over
+to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she cut off both their
+heads with her own hands.&mdash;<i>The Niebelungen Lied</i> (thirteenth century.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Dietrich (John)</i>, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years
+under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister
+of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a cock
+crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit the
+upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they yielded
+to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which he bought
+half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became founder of a
+very powerful family.&mdash;Keightley, <i>Fairy Mythology</i>. (See TANHAUSER.)</p>
+
+<p><B>Dietz</B> <i>(Bernard).</i> Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of
+deep and gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the
+sick room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel <i>The Open
+Door.</i> He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh,</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk
+about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't
+feel at home without a block of stone to clip.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul of
+the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo
+contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener
+profoundly.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only <i>seem</i> to. The
+life in us&mdash;it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,&mdash;it doesn't ask us
+if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it <i>can</i> be
+destroyed&quot; (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dieu et Mon Droit,</b> the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors
+(1198).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diggery</b>, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being
+stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with the
+same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly (a
+ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite
+character is &quot;Alexander the Great,&quot; the son of &quot;Almon.&quot; One day, playing
+<i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, he turns the oven into the balcony, but, being rung
+for, the girl acting &quot;Juliet&quot; is nearly roasted alive. (See
+DIGGORY.)&mdash;J. Jackman, <i>All the World's a Stage</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Digges</b> (<i>Miss Maria</i>), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at
+the Spa.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diggon</b> [<b>Davie</b>], a shepherd in the <i>Shephearde's Calendar</i>, by
+Spenser. He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands,
+hoping to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and
+profligacy of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched
+condition of the flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and
+their abandoned mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story
+about Roffynn (<i>the bishop of Rochester</i>) and his watchful dog Lauder
+catching a wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.&mdash;<i>Ecl</i>. ix. (September,
+1572 or 1578).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diggory</b>, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and
+footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar,
+laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while
+serving. (See DIGGERY.)&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>She Stoops to Conquer</i>. (1773).</p>
+
+<p><i>Diggory</i> (<i>Father</i>), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dimanche</b>, (<i>Mons</i>.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman,
+applies to Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable
+courtesy, but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts
+him with some such question as, <i>Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?</i> or
+<i>Et votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?</i>
+or <i>Le petit Colin fait-il toujours
+bien du bruit avec son tambour?</i> or <i>&Eacute;t votre petit chien Brusquet,
+gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort</i> ...? and, after a time, he says he is
+very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the present, and he leaves
+Mons. without his once stating the object of his call. (See SHUFFLETON.)
+Moli&egrave;re, <i>Don Juan</i> (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dimmesdale</b> <i>(Arthur).</i> Master Prynne, an English physician living
+in Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent
+his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained
+two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes was
+his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and with
+the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet on her
+breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, regarded by
+all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was earnestly exhorting
+her to declare the name of the child's father, but she steadfastly
+refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had heard in Amsterdam
+rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover her betrayer and to
+hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the name of Roger
+Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and wounded pride,
+soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than Dimmesdale
+himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship he attached
+himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search for the secret
+cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended is shown in that
+wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates of Arthur
+Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the love-child,
+Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.&mdash;Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The
+Scarlet Letter</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinant'</b>, a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love
+Lamira. the wife of Champernel.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Little
+French Lawyer</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinarza'de</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), sister of Scheherazad&ecirc;, Sultana of Persia.
+Dinarzad&ecirc; was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an hour
+before daybreak, and say, &quot;Sister, relate to me one of those delightful
+stories you know,&quot; or &quot;Finish before daybreak the story you began
+yesterday.&quot; The sultan got interested in these tales, and revoked the
+cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak the wife he
+had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinas Emrys</b>, or &quot;Fort of Ambrose&quot; (<i>i.e.</i> Merlin), on the Brith, a
+part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was
+constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the
+night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the
+cause to be &quot;two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation
+of the works.&quot; These serpents were incessantly struggling with each
+other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first
+prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool.
+The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the
+Saxons. At first the Saxons (or <i>white serpent</i>) prevailed, but in the
+end &quot;our people&quot; <i>the red serpent</i> &quot;shall chase the Saxon race beyond
+the sea.&quot;&mdash;Nennius, <i>History of the Britons</i> (842).</p>
+
+And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">steep</span><br>
+Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the serpents fought</span><br>
+The white that tore the red, for whence the<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">prophet taught</span><br>
+The Britons' sad decay.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, x, (1612).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dine with Duke Humphrey</b> (<i>To</i>), to have no dinner to go to. The
+Duke referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury,
+and buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried
+in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be
+erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers, who
+were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who tarried
+in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed to be so
+busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded the dinner
+hour.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diner-Out of the First Water,</b> the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by
+the <i>Quarterly Review</i> (1769-1845).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dingle</b> (<i>Old Dick of the</i>), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the
+Heugh-foot farm.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dingwall</b> (<i>Davie</i>), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinias and Dercyllis</b> (<i>The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of</i>),
+an old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'en&ecirc;s in
+twenty-four books and entitled <i>Incredible Things beyond Thule</i> [<i>Ta
+HuperThoulen Apista</i>], a store-house from which subsequent writers have
+borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an outline
+of its contents.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinmont</b> (<i>Dandy, i.e.</i> Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store
+farmer at Charlie's Hope. He is called &quot;The fighting Dinmont of
+Liddesdale.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Ailie Dinmont</i>, wife of Dandy Dinmont.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i>
+(time George II.).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dinner Bell.</b> Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so
+long as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Diocle'tian,</b> the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under
+the charge of the &quot;seven wise masters&quot; (<i>Italian version</i>).</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>French</i> version, the father is called
+&quot;Dolop'athos.&quot;&mdash;<i>Sandabar's Parables</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diog'enes,</b> Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search
+for an honest man.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diog'enes</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher
+Michael Agelest&ecirc;s (4 <i>syl</i>.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i>
+(time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Di'omede</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was
+himself eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Hercul&ecirc;s.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dion</b> (<i>Lord</i>), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with
+Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page, Euphrasia
+assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service of
+Philaster.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies a-bleeding</i>
+(1638).</p>
+
+<p>(There is considerable resemblance between &quot;Euphrasia&quot; and &quot;Viola&quot; in
+Shakespeare's <i>Twelfth Night</i>, 1614).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dion&aelig;'an C&aelig;sar,</b> Julius C&aelig;sar, who claimed descent from Venus,
+called Dion&ecirc; from her mother. &AElig;neas was son of <i>Venus</i> and Anchis&ecirc;s.</p>
+
+Ecce, Dion&aelig;i processit C&aelig;saris astrum.<br>
+<br>
+Virgil, <i>Eclogues</i>, ix. 47.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dio'ne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), mother of Aphrodit&ecirc; (<i>Venus</i>), Zeus or Jove
+being the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dion&ecirc;.</p>
+
+Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess,<br>
+Where young Dion&ecirc; strays; with sweetest airs<br>
+Entice her forth to lend her angel form<br>
+For Beauty's honored image.<br>
+<br>
+Akenside, <i>Pleasures of Imagination</i>, (1744).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dionys'ia,</b> wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Pericl&ecirc;s prince of
+Tyre commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be
+motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out
+of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus,
+hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon are
+burnt to death in the flames,&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i>
+(1608).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dionys'ius,</b> tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned
+him in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death.
+But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own breast.
+Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a tomb, saw
+there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him, when
+Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he fell
+dead at her feet.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i> (1772).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In this tragedy there are several gross historical errors. In act i.
+the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who was dethroned, and
+went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius died in Syracuse, at
+the age of 63, and it was the <i>younger</i> Dionysius who was dethroned by
+Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes Euphrasia kill the
+tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave Sicily, and retired
+to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous living, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dionys'ius</i> [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan
+army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon &quot;the Pythagorean&quot;
+opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab &quot;the tyrant,&quot; but was
+arrested and condemned to death. The incidents whereby he was saved are
+to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Damon and Pythias</i>, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John
+Banim, in 1825.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dionys'ius</i> [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to
+Corinth and turned schoolmaster.</p>
+
+Corinth's pedagogue hath now<br>
+Transferred his byword <i>[tyrant]</i> to thy brow.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Ode to Napoleon</i>,<br>
+
+<p><b>Dionysius the Areopagite</b> was one of the judges of the Areopagite
+when St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings,
+fabricated by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely
+ascribed to him. The <i>Isido'rian Decretals</i> is a somewhat similar
+forgery by Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years
+after Isidore.</p>
+
+The error of those doctrines so vicious<br>
+Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dioscu'ri</b> <i>(sons of Zeus</i>), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but
+incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dioti'ma,</b> the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's <i>Symposium</i>, the
+teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end, and
+aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socrat&ecirc;s died of hemlock.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Beneath an emerald plane</span><br>
+Sits Diotima, teaching him that died<br>
+Of Hemlock.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>The Princess</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Diplomatists</b> <i>(Prince of</i>), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de P&egrave;rigord
+(1754-1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dipsas</b>, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered
+from intolerable thirst. (Greek, <i>dipsa</i>, &quot;thirst.&quot;) Milton refers to it
+in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 526 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dipsodes</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King
+Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28). Pantagruel
+afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand million men from
+Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men), besides women,
+children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers (bk. iii.
+I).&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantag'ruel</i> (1545).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dip'sody,</b> the country of the Dipsodes (2 <i>syl), q.v.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Dirc&aelig;'an Swan</b>, Pindar; so called from Dirc&ecirc;, a fountain in the
+neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dirlos</b> or <b>D'Yrlos</b> (<i>Count</i>), a paladin, the embodiment of
+valor, generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East,
+where he conquered Aliar'd&ecirc;, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found
+his young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers).
+The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the
+occasion.</p>
+
+<p><b>Disastrous Peace</b> (<i>The</i>), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambr&eacute;sis, by
+which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and
+Corsica (1559).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dis'mas,</b> the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.</p>
+
+<p><b>Distaffi'na,</b> the troth-plight wife of General Bombast&ecirc;s; but
+Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her &quot;half a crown&quot; if she would
+forsake the general for himself&mdash;a temptation too great to be resisted.
+When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the world, hung
+up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to remove them.
+The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king down. Fusbos,
+coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate. At the close of
+the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the dance, promising &quot;to
+die again to-morrow,&quot; if the audience desire it.&mdash;W. B. Rhodes,
+<i>Bombastes Furioso</i> (1790.)</p>
+
+Falling on one knee, he put both hands on<br>
+his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the<br>
+manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to<br>
+Distaffina.&mdash;E. Sargent.<br>
+
+<p><b>Distressed Mother</b> (<i>The</i>), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The
+&quot;distressed mother&quot; is Androm'ach&ecirc;, the widow of Hector. At the fall of
+Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of
+Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she
+refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orest&ecirc;s, son of
+Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest in
+manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told
+Andromach&ecirc; he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would
+consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were
+going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As he
+fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromach&ecirc;, who thus became
+queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight. This
+play is an English adaptation of Racine's <i>Andromaque</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p>Ditchley <i>(Gaffer)</i>, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dithyrambic Poetry</b> <i>(Father of</i>), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ditton</b> <i>(Thomas)</i> footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
+Rectory.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Divan</b> <i>(The)</i>, the supreme council and court of justice of the
+caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid in the
+redress of wrongs. It was called &quot;a divan&quot; from the benches covered with
+cushions on which the members sat.&mdash;D'Herbelot, <i>Biblioth&egrave;que
+Orientate</i>, 298.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dive</b> <i>[deev]</i>, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace
+at Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 <i>syl</i>),
+with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws, long
+tails, and other horrible deformities.</p>
+
+<p><b>Di'ver</b> (<i>Colonel</i>), editor of the <i>New York Rowdy Journal</i>, in
+America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own
+greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Di'ves</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the name popularly given to the &quot;rich man&quot; in
+our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, <i>Div&ecirc;s et
+Lazarus</i>.&mdash;<i>Luke</i> xvi.</p>
+
+<p><b>Divi'na Comme'dia,</b> the first poem of note ever written in the
+Italian language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided
+into three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a
+<i>comedy</i>, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the word
+<i>divine</i> from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision, in
+which he is conducted, first by Virgil (<i>human reason</i>,) through hell
+and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (<i>revelation</i>), and finally by St.
+Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the Triune God.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hell,&quot; is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually
+contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's
+centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Purgatory&quot; is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that side
+of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into terraces, and
+its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY, 1308).</p>
+
+<p>From this &quot;top&quot; the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens,
+the fixed stars, and the &quot;primum mobile&quot; to the empyre'an or seat of
+God. (See PARADISE, 1311).</p>
+
+<p><b>Divine</b> (<i>The</i>), St. John the evangelist, called &quot;John the Divine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Raphael, the painter, was called <i>Il Divino</i> (1483-1520).</p>
+
+<p>Luis Moral&ecirc;s, a Spanish painter, was called <i>El Divino</i> (1509-1586).</p>
+
+<p>Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).</p>
+
+<p><b>Divine Doctor</b> <i>(The)</i>, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).</p>
+
+<p><b>Divine Speaker</b> <i>(The)</i> Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos
+(&quot;divine speaker&quot;), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).</p>
+
+<p><b>Divine Right of Kings.</b> The dogma that <i>Kings can do no wrong</i> is
+based on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are
+subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.&mdash;<i>Hincmar's Works</i>,
+i. 693.</p>
+
+<p><b>Divining Rod</b>, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls
+of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of
+water-springs and precious metals.</p>
+
+Now to rivulets from the mountains<br>
+Point the rods of fortune-tellers.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>Drinking Song</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Jacques Aymar of Cr&ocirc;le was the most famous of all
+diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and the
+beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the
+attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published
+carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were
+eye-witnesses thereof.&mdash;See S. Baring-Gould, <i>Myths of the Middle Ages</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Divinity.</b> There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and
+three at Oxford. Those at <i>Cambridge</i> are the Hul'sean, the Margaret,
+the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at <i>Oxford</i> are the Margaret, the
+Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.</p>
+
+<p><b>Divi'no Lodov'ico,</b> Ariosto, author of <i>Orlando Furioso</i>
+(1474-1533).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dixie's Land</b>, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie
+was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the
+Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so that
+they were always sighing for their old home, which they called &quot;Dixie's
+Land.&quot; Imagination and distance soon advanced this island into a sort of
+Delectable Country or land of Beulah.</p>
+
+<p>This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase
+that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the
+Seceding States. The song &quot;Dixie's Land&quot; was supposed to be sung by
+exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.</p>
+
+&quot;Away down South in Dixie,<br>
+I wish I were in Dixie,<br>
+In Dixie's Land<br>
+I'd take my stand<br>
+To live and die in Dixie.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Dixon</b>, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 <i>syl.</i>).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dizzy</b>, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield
+(1804-1881).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dja'bal,</b> son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Ma&auml;'ni, in the great massacre
+of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'rad&ecirc;s. He resolves to avenge
+this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem', the incarnate god, their founder,
+returned to earth to avenge their wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture
+being discovered, he kills himself, but Loys <i>[Lo'.iss]</i>, a young Breton
+count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread,
+The phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dobbin</b> <i>(Captain</i>, afterwards <i>Colonel</i>), son of Sir William
+Dobbin, a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet;
+but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate
+appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain
+George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's wife.
+When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries
+her.&mdash;Thackeray, <i>Vanity Fair</i> (1848).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dobbs's Horse</b>, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his
+best friend Theophilus an order for &quot;a good sound family horse, not
+young, but the safer for all that,&quot; that had once belonged to his
+mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County, and
+his friend is welcome to the use of him.</p>
+
+<p>Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the
+word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he
+lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he keels
+over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites
+himself&mdash;and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs
+returns and upon beholding the &quot;noble old fellow,&quot; shouts that they have
+the wrong horse! &quot;This is one I sold long ago for fifteen
+dollars!&quot;&mdash;Mary Mapes Dodge, <i>Theophilus and Others</i> (1876).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dobbins</b> <i>(Humphrey)</i>, the confidential servant of Sir Robert
+Bramble of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer,
+most devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart
+brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.&mdash;George
+Colman, <i>The Poor Gentleman</i> (1802).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dobu'ni,</b> called <i>Bodu'ni</i> by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and
+Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doctor</b> (<i>The</i>), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove,
+and his horse &quot;Nobbs.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Doctor</i> (<i>The Admirable</i>), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Angelic Doctor</i>, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), &quot;fifth doctor of the
+Church.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>The Authentic Doctor</i>, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Divine Doctor</i>, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Dulcifluous Doctor</i>, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Ecstatic Doctor</i>, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Eloquent Doctor</i>, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth
+century).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Evangelical Doctor</i>, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Illuminated Doctor</i>, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or <i>Most
+Enlightened Doctor</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Invincible Doctor</i>, William Occam (1276-1347).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Irrefragable Doctor</i>, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)</p>
+
+<p><i>The Mellifluous Doctor</i>, St. Bernard (1091-1153).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Most Christian Doctor</i>, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Most Methodical Doctor</i>, John Bassol(_-1347).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Most Profound Doctor</i>, &AElig;gidius de Columna (_-1316).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Most Resolute Doctor</i>, Durand de St. Pour&ccedil;ain (1267-1332).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Perspicuous Doctor</i>, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Profound Doctor</i>, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Scholastic Doctor</i>, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Seraphic Doctor</i>, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Solemn Doctor</i>, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Solid Doctor</i>, Richard Middleton (_-1304).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Subtle Doctor</i>, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or <i>Most Subtle Doctor</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Thorough Doctor</i>, William Varro (thirteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Universal Doctor</i>, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas,
+(1224-1274).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Venerable Doctor</i>, William de Champeaux (_-1126).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Well-founded Doctor</i>, &AElig;gidius Romanus (_-1316).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Wise Doctor</i>, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Wonderful Doctor</i>, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doctor's Tale</b> <i>(The)</i>, in Chaucer's <i>Canterbury Tales</i>, is the
+Roman story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in
+the <i>Roman de la Rose</i>, ii. 74, and by Gower in his <i>Confessio Amantis</i>,
+vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example,
+in <i>French</i>, Mair&eacute;t (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683); Chabenon
+(1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud (1827);
+Latour St. Ybars (1845). In <i>Italian</i>, Alfieri (1784); in <i>German</i>,
+Lessing (1775); and in <i>English</i>, Knowles, (1829).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doctor's Wife</b> <i>(The,)</i> a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from <i>Madam
+Bovary</i>, a French novel.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doctors of the Church.</b> The <i>Greek</i> Church recognizes four doctors,
+viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John
+Chrysostom. The <i>Latin</i> Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome, St.
+Ambrose and St. Gregory <i>the Great</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dodger</b> <i>(The Artful</i>), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful
+thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i>, viii. (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dodington</b>, whom Thomson invokes in his <i>Summer</i>, is George Bubb
+Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope
+ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the
+&quot;Orders of Periwigs.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dod'ipol,</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the
+proverb, <i>Wise as Dr. Dodipoll</i>, meaning &quot;<i>not wise at all.</i>&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dodon</b> or rather <b>Dodoens</b> <i>(Rembert)</i> a Dutch botanist
+(1517-1585), physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II.
+His works are <i>Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia;
+Purgantium Radicum Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia</i>; all included
+under the general title of &quot;The History of Plants.&quot;</p>
+
+&quot;Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,<br>
+To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,<br>
+Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xiii. (1613)</p>
+
+<p><b>Do'dona</b> in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in
+Greece. The responses were made by an old woman called a <i>pigeon</i>,
+because the Greek word <i>pelioe</i> means either old &quot;women&quot; or
+&quot;pigeons.&quot; According to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Theb&ecirc; two black
+pigeons endowed with the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and
+gave the responses in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where
+it gave the responses in Dodona.</p>
+
+<p>We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the
+cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the
+bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of
+metal suspended among the branches of the trees.</p>
+
+And Dodona's oak swang lonely,<br>
+Henceforth to the tempest only.<br>
+
+<p>Mrs. Browning, <i>Dead Pan</i>, 17.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Dods</b> (<i>Meg</i>), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St.
+Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned there
+despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent. This is
+one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of fiction.</p>
+
+She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt<br>
+black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks<br>
+from under her mutch when she was thrown<br>
+into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated<br>
+by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust<br>
+person, a broad though fat chest, capital<br>
+wind, and a voice that could match a choir of<br>
+fishwomen.&mdash;Sir W. Scott. <i>St. Ronan's Well</i>, i<br>
+(time George III.).<br>
+
+<p>(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book
+has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone, a
+Scotchwoman.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dodson,</b> a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day.
+Death told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. &quot;With you!&quot; the
+hapless husband cried; &quot;young as I am and unprepared?&quot; Death then told
+him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving him
+three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again. &quot;So
+soon returned!&quot; old Dodson cried. &quot;You know you promised me three
+warnings.&quot; Death then told him that as he was &quot;lame and deaf and blind,&quot;
+he had received his three warnings.&mdash;Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi], <i>The Three
+Warnings</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dodson and Fogg</b> (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake
+on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for
+&quot;breach of promise&quot; and file accordingly the famous suit of &quot;Bardell
+<i>v</i>. Pickwick.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>The Pickwick Papers</i> (1836).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doe</b> <i>(John)</i> and <i>Richard Roe</i>, the fictitious plaintiff and
+defendant in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doeg</b>, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech. had
+supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill Abimelech,
+and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five (1 <i>Samuel</i>
+xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>,
+Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he &quot;fell upon&quot; Dryden with his
+pen, but was only a &quot;herdsman or driver of asses.&quot;</p>
+
+Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why,<br>
+Made still a blundering kind of melody.<br>
+Let him rail on ...<br>
+But if he jumbles to one line of sense,<br>
+Indict him of a capital offense.<br>
+
+<p>Tate, <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dog</b> <i>(Agrippa's).</i> Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally
+suspected of being a spirit incarnate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Arthur's Dog</i> &quot;Cavall.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Dog of Belgrade</i>, the camp suttler, was named &quot;Clumsey.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Lord Byron's Dog</i>, &quot;Boatswain.&quot; It was buried in the garden of Newstead
+Abbey.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dog of Catherine de Medicis</i>, &quot;Phoeb&ecirc;,&quot; a lap dog.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cuthullin's Dog</i> was named &quot;Luath,&quot; a swift-footed hound.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dora's Dog</i>, &quot;Jip.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Douglas's Dog</i>, &quot;Luffra.&quot; <i>Lady of the Lake.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Erigon&ecirc;'s Dog</i> was &quot;Moera.&quot; Erigon&ecirc; is the constellation <i>Virgo</i>, and
+Moera the star called <i>Canis</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eurytion's Dog</i> (herdsman of Geryon), &quot;Orthros.&quot; It had two heads.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fingal's Dog</i> was named &quot;Bran.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Geryon's Dogs</i>. One was &quot;Gargittos&quot; and the other &quot;Orthros.&quot; The latter
+was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Hercul&ecirc;s killed both
+of Geryon's dogs.</p>
+
+<p><i>Landseer's Dog</i>, &quot;Brutus,&quot; introduced by the great animal painter in
+his picture called &quot;The Invader of the Larder.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Llewellyn's Dog</i> was named &quot;Gelert;&quot; it was a greyhound. (See GELERT).</p>
+
+<p><i>Lord Lurgan's Dog</i> was named, &quot;Master M'Grath,&quot; from an orphan boy who
+reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at court
+by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died. It was a
+sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).</p>
+
+<p><i>Maria's Dog</i>, &quot;Silvio.&quot;&mdash;Sterne, <i>Sentimental Journey.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Dog of Montargis</i>. This was a dog named &quot;Dragon,&quot; belonging to Aubri de
+Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in the
+forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same regiment.
+After its master's death the dog showed such a strange aversion to
+Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say he was pitted
+against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a sash was found on
+him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as her own work and
+gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime, and his
+accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by the dog
+and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in French and
+English.</p>
+
+<p><i>Orion's Dogs</i>; one was named &quot;Arctoph'onos&quot; and the other
+&quot;Pto-ophagos.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Punch's Dog</i>, &quot;Toby.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir W. Scott's Dogs</i>. His deer-hound was &quot;Maida.&quot; His jet-black
+greyhound was &quot;Hamlet.&quot; He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dog of the seven Sleepers</i>, &quot;Katmir.&quot; It spoke with a human voice.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Sleary's circus</i>, the performing dog is called &quot;Merryleys.&quot;&mdash;C.
+Dickens, <i>Hard Times.</i></p>
+
+<p>(For Act&aelig;on's fifty dogs, see <i>Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i>, 234).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dog</i>. The famous <i>Mount St. Bernard</i> dog which saved forty human
+beings, was named &quot;Barry.&quot; The stuffed skin of this noble creature is
+preserved in the museum at Berne.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dog (The)</i>, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander
+encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with the
+words, &quot;I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'&quot; To which the philosopher
+replied, &quot;And I am Diogen&ecirc;s, surnamed 'the Dog.'&quot; The Athenians raised
+to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted with a dog, and
+bearing the following inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+&quot;Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?&quot;<br>
+A dog. &quot;His name?&quot; Diogenes. &quot;From far?&quot;<br>
+<br>
+Sinop&ecirc;, &quot;He who made a tub his home?&quot;<br>
+The same; now dead, among the stars a star.<br>
+
+<p><i>Dog (The Thracian)</i>, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his
+snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was
+contemporary with Philip of Macedon.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dogs</i>. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 <i>syl</i>.) were turned into little
+black dogs for casting Zobeide and &quot;the prince&quot; into the sea (See
+ZOBEIDE).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dogs of War</b>, Famine, Sword, and Fire:</p>
+
+Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,<br>
+Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels,<br>
+Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire<br>
+Crouch for employment.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>King Henry V</i>. I chorus (1599).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dog-headed Tribes</b> (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of
+<i>Gueri'no Meschi'no.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Dogberry and Verges</b>, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly
+mutilate their words. Dogberry calls &quot;assembly&quot; <i>dissembly</i>; &quot;treason&quot;
+he calls <i>perjury</i>; &quot;calumny&quot; he calls <i>burglary</i>; &quot;condemnation&quot;
+<i>redemption</i>; &quot;respect,&quot; <i>suspect</i>. When Conrade says, &quot;Away! you are an
+ass;&quot; Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down &quot;an ass.&quot;
+&quot;Masters,&quot; he says to the officials, &quot;remember I am an ass.&quot; &quot;Oh, that I
+had been writ down an ass!&quot; (act. iv. sc. 2).&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Much Ado
+About Nothing</i> (1600.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dogget</b>, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dogget's Coat and Badge</b>, the great prize in the Thames
+rowing-match, given on the 1st of August every year. So called from
+Thomas Dogget, an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of
+George I. to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge
+to the winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the
+prize.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doiley</b> <i>(Abraham)</i>, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a
+charity boy, wholly without education, but made &pound;80,000 in trade, and is
+determined to have &quot;a larned skollard for his son-in-law.&quot; He speaks of
+<i>jomtry</i> [geometry], <i>joklate, jogrify, Al Mater, pinny-forty</i>, and
+<i>antikary doctors</i>; talks of <i>Scratchi</i> [Gracchi], <i>Horsi</i> [Horatii], a
+<i>study of horses</i>, and so on. Being resolved to judge between the rival
+scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain in the army, he gets both
+to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the scholar, quotes two lines of
+Greek, in which the <i>panta</i> occurs four times. &quot;Pantry!&quot; cries the old
+slop-seller; &quot;you can't impose upon me. I know <i>pantry</i> is not Greek.&quot;
+The captain tries English fustian, and when Gradus maintained that the
+words are English, &quot;Out upon you for a jackanapes,&quot; cries the old man;
+&quot;as if I didn't know my own mother tongue!&quot; and gives his verdict in
+favor of the captain.</p>
+
+<p><i>Elizabeth Doiley</i>, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with
+Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford scholar
+to dress like a <i>beau</i> to please the ladies. By so doing he disgusts the
+old man, who exclaims, &quot;Oh, that I should ever had been such a dolt as
+to take thee for a man of larnen'!&quot; So the captain wins the race at a
+canter.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>Who's the Dupe</i>?</p>
+
+<p><b>Doll Common</b>, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and
+Face his alley.&mdash;B. Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from &quot;Lady Macbeth&quot; to &quot;Doll
+Common.&quot;&mdash;Leigh Hunt.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doll Tearsheet</b>, a &quot;bona-roba.&quot; This virago is cast into prison with
+Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of a man
+that they and Pistol had beaten.&mdash;Shakespeare, 2 <i>Henry IV</i>. (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dolallolla</b> <i>(Queen)</i>, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff
+punch, but scorning &quot;vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum.&quot; She is the
+enemy of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter
+Huncamunca; but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the
+pigmy giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is
+herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the
+giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts &quot;sheep's eyes.&quot;&mdash;<i>Tom
+Thumb</i>, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of
+<i>Midas</i> (1778).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dolla Murrey</b>, a character in Crabbe's <i>Borough</i>, who died playing
+cards.</p>
+
+&quot;A vole! a vole!&quot; she cried; &quot;'tis fairly won.&quot;<br>
+This said, she gently with a single sigh<br>
+Died.<br>
+
+<p>Crabbe, <i>Borough</i> (1810).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dolly.</b> The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in
+Frances Hodgson Burnett's <i>Vagabondia</i>. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and
+loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of
+her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of &quot;Griff,&quot;
+to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and penitence
+save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler women.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dolly of the Chop-house</b> (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and
+Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of her
+provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is that of
+the old cook of the establishment.</p>
+
+The broth reviving, and the bread was fair,<br>
+The small beer grateful and as pepper strong,<br>
+The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dolly Trull.</b> Captain Macheath says she was &quot;so taken up with
+stealing hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else.&quot;&mdash;Gay,
+<i>The Beggar's Opera</i>, ii. I. (1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dolly Varden</b>, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved
+to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon
+Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty,
+and bewitching.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Barnaby Rudge</i> (1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dol'on,</b> &quot;a man of subtle wit and wicked mind,&quot; father of Guizor
+(groom of Pollent&ecirc; the Saracen, lord of &quot;Parlous Bridge&quot;). Sir Ar'tegal,
+with scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him
+&quot;passage-penny&quot; for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart and
+Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking
+Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night, but
+is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the bridge,
+to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart runs one of
+them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the
+river.&mdash;Spenser <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i> v. 6 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dol'on and Ulysses.</b> Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and
+bring word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he
+put on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses
+saw through the disguise, and said to Diomed, &quot;Yonder man is from the
+host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him
+unexpectedly.&quot; They soon caught the fellow, and having &quot;pumped&quot; out of
+him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed smote
+him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the subject
+of bk. x. of the <i>Iliad</i> and therefore this book is called &quot;Dolonia&quot;
+(&quot;the deeds of Dolon&quot; or &quot;Dolophon'ia&quot;, &quot;Dolon's murder&quot;).</p>
+
+Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle<br>
+When he allured poor Dolon.<br>
+<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xiii. 105 (1824),<br>
+
+<p><b>Dolopa'tos,</b> the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the
+charge of &quot;seven wise masters.&quot; When grown to man's estate, Lucien's
+step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she
+accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince
+discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be
+saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the
+king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied his
+own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was
+condemned to death.&mdash;<i>Sandabar's Parables</i> (French version).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dombey</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant,
+living on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City.
+His god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the
+firm might be known as &quot;Dombey and Son.&quot; When Paul was born, his
+ambition was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of
+the mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to
+stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter
+indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second
+time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the proud
+spirit of the merchant was brought low.</p>
+
+<p><i>Paul Dombey</i>, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy,
+quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to Dr.
+Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school
+discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him, and
+his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is
+beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and
+was always wondering what the wild waves were saying.</p>
+
+<p><i>Florence Dombey</i>, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable, motherless
+child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived and throve
+while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence hungered to
+be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She married
+Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the elopement of
+his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his old age.&mdash;O.
+Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dom-Daniel</b> originally meant a public school for magic, established
+at Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense
+establishment, near Tunis, under the &quot;roots of the ocean,&quot; established
+by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four entrances
+to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and magicians,
+gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do homage there at
+least once a year to Zatana&iuml; [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was utterly destroyed
+by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of Syria.&mdash;<i>Continuation of
+the Arabian Nights</i> &quot;History of Maugraby.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his
+<i>Thalaba</i>&mdash;in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but the
+general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to each
+other.</p>
+
+<p><b>Domestic Poultry</b>, in Dryden's <i>Hind and Panther</i>, mean the Roman
+Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the
+private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed &quot;sister partlet with
+the hooded head&quot; (1687).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dominick</b>, the &quot;Spanish fryar,&quot; a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A
+most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute even
+the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his amour
+with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez.</p>
+
+He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big<br>
+enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a<br>
+turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before<br>
+him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs<br>
+come limping after it. Never was such a tun<br>
+of devotion seen.&mdash;Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i>,<br>
+ii. 3 (1680).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dominie Sampson.</b> His Christian
+name is Abel. He is the tutor at Ellangowan
+House, very poor, very modest,
+and crammed with Latin quotations. His
+contsant exclamation is &quot;Prodigious!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble
+scholar, who had won his way through the
+classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage
+of life.&mdash;Sir. W. Scott; <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dom'inique</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), the gossiping old
+footman of the Franvals, who fancies himself
+quite fit to keep a secret. He is,
+however, a really faithful retainer of the
+family.&mdash;Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and Dumb</i>
+(1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>Domitian a Marksman.</b> The emperor Domitian was so cunning a
+marksman, that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and
+stretched his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without
+touching the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many
+similar marksmen.)&mdash;Peacham, <i>Complete Gentleman</i> (1627).</p>
+
+<p><b>Domizia</b>, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the
+republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and Berto,
+whose death she hoped to revenge.</p>
+
+I am a daughter of the Traversari,<br>
+Sister of Porzio and Berto both ...<br>
+I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith,<br>
+Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back<br>
+Reward from them, must hold back his reward.<br>
+
+<p>Robt. Browning, <i>Luria</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Don Alphonso</b>, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the
+daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza, who
+went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don Alphonso
+meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.&mdash;O'Keefe, <i>Castle of Andalusia</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> For other dons, see under the surname.</p>
+
+<p><b>Donacha dhu na Dunaigh</b>, the Highland robber near Roseneath.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Donald</b>, the Scotch steward of Mr. Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken,
+faithful, and unflinching in his duty.&mdash;Holcroft, <i>The Deserted
+Daughter</i> (altered into <i>The Steward</i>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Donald</i>, an old domestic of MacAulay, the Highland chief.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Donald of the Hammer</b>, son of the laird of Invernahyle of the West
+Highlands of Scotland. When Green Colin assassinated the laird and his
+household, the infant Donald was saved by his foster-nurse, and
+afterwards brought up by her husband, a blacksmith. He became so strong
+that he could work for hours with two fore-hammers, one in each hand,
+and was therefore called <i>Domuil nan Ord</i>. When he was 21 he marched
+with a few adherents against Green Colin, and slew him, by which means
+he recovered his paternal inheritance.</p>
+
+Donald of the smithy, the &quot;son of the hammer&quot;<br>
+Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and<br>
+clamor.<br>
+<br>
+Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in <i>Tales of<br>
+a Grandfather</i>, i. 39.<br>
+
+<p><b>Donar</b>, same as <b>Thor</b>, the god of thunder among the ancient
+Teutons.</p>
+
+<p><b>Donatello</b>, a young Italian whose marvellous resemblance to the
+Marble Faun of Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark to three
+American friends.</p>
+
+&quot;So full of animal life as he was, so joyous<br>
+in his deportment, so physically well-developed;<br>
+he made no impression of incompleteness, of<br>
+maimed or stinted, nature.&quot; Yet his friends<br>
+&quot;habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict<br>
+obedience to conventional rules, and hardly noticing<br>
+his eccentricities enough to pardon them.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>He loves Miriam, an American student, and resents the persecution of her
+by a mysterious man&mdash;a nominal &quot;model&quot; who thrusts his presence upon her
+at all inconvenient times. One night as he comes between Donatello and
+Miriam as they lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian Rock, the
+Italian throws him over the precipice and kills him. From that moment,
+although he is not accused of the deed, the joyous faun becomes the
+haunted man.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Nothing will ever comfort me!&quot; he says
+moodily to Miriam, when she would extenuate
+his crime. &quot;I have a great weight here!&quot;
+lifting her hand to his breast. Wild creatures,
+once his loved companions, shun him as he, in
+turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears
+from the story, hand-in-hand with Miriam,
+bound, it would seem, upon a penitential pilgrimage,
+or to begin a new life in another
+hemisphere.&mdash;Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The Marble
+Faun</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Donation of Pepin.</b> When Pepin conquered Ataulf (Adolphus), the
+exarchate of Ravenna fell into his hands. Pepin gave the pope both the
+ex-archate and the republic of Rome; and this munificent gift is the
+world-famous &quot;Donation of Pepin,&quot; on which rested the whole fabric of
+the temporal power of the popes (A.D. 755). Victor Emmanuel, king of
+Italy, dispossessed the pope of his temporal sovereignty, and added the
+papal states to the united kingdom of Italy, over which he reigned
+(1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dondasch</b>', an Oriental giant, contemporary with Seth, to whose
+service he was attached. He needed no weapons, because he could destroy
+anything by his muscular force.</p>
+
+<p><b>Don'egild</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the wicked mother of Alia, king of
+Northumberland. Hating Custance because she was a Christian, Donegild
+set her adrift with her infant son. When Alia returned from Scotland,
+and discovered this act of cruelty, he put his mother to death; then
+going to Rome on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, who had been
+brought there a little time previously.&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i>
+(&quot;The Man of Law's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Don'et,</b> the first grammar put into the hands of scholars. It was
+that of Dona'tus the grammarian, who taught in Rome in the fourth
+century, and was the preceptor of St. Jerome. When &quot;Graunde Amour&quot; was
+sent to study under Lady Gramer, she taught him, as he says:</p>
+
+First my donet, and then my accedence.<br>
+
+<p>S. Hawes, <i>The Pastime of Plesure</i>, v. (time Henry VII.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doni'ca,</b> only child of the lord of Ar'kinlow (an elderly man).
+Young Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish maiden was betrothed to him.
+Walking one evening by the lake, Donica heard the sound of the
+death-spectre, and fell lifeless in the arms of her lover. Presently the
+dead maiden received a supernatural vitality, but her cheeks were wan,
+her lips livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog howled when it saw
+her. Eberhard still resolved to marry her, and to church they went; but
+when he took Donica's hand into his own it was cold and clammy, the
+demon fled from her, and the body dropped a corpse at the feet of the
+bridegroom.&mdash;R. Southey, <i>Donica</i> (a Finnish ballad).</p>
+
+<p><b>Donnerhu'gel</b> <i>(Rudolph)</i>, one of the Swiss deputies to Charles &quot;the
+Bold,&quot; duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the sons of Arnold Biederman
+the landamman of Unterwalden <i>(alias</i> Count Arnold of Geierstein).</p>
+
+<p><i>Theodore Donnerhugel</i>, uncle of Rudolph. He was page to the former
+Baron of Arnheim <i>[Arnhime].</i>&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Anne of Geierstein</i> (time,
+Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Do'ny,</b> Florimel's dwarf.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. 5 and iv. 2
+(1590, 1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Donzel del Fe'bo</b> (<i>El</i>), <i>the knight of the sun</i>, a Spanish romance
+in <i>The Mirror of Knighthood</i>. He was &quot;most excellently fair,&quot; and a
+&quot;great wanderer;&quot; hence he is alluded to as &quot;that wandering knight so
+fair.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Doo'lin of Mayence</b> (2 <i>syl.</i>), the hero and title of an old French
+romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was
+called <i>Merveilleuse</i> (&quot;wonderful&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doomsday Sedgwick</b>, William Sedgwick, a fanatical &quot;prophet&quot; during
+the Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been
+revealed to him in a vision; and, going into the garden of Sir Francis
+Bussell, he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade
+them prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doorm</b>, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and &quot;smote her
+on the cheek&quot; because she would not welcome him. Whereupon her husband,
+Count Geraint, started up and slew the &quot;russet-bearded earl.&quot;&mdash;Tennyson,
+<i>Idylls of the King</i> (&quot;Enid.&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Door-Opener</b> (<i>The</i>), Crat&ecirc;s, the Theban; so called because he used
+to go round Athens early of a morning and rebuke the people for their
+late rising.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dora [Spenlow],</b> a pretty, warmhearted little doll of a woman, with
+no practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was
+the &quot;child-wife&quot; of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and hold
+his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then married Agnes
+Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called &quot;Jip,&quot; which died at the
+same time as its mistress.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dora'do</b> (<i>El</i>), a land of exhaustless wealth; a golden illusion.
+Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a
+&quot;gold country&quot; between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America.
+Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and
+published highly colored accounts of its enormous wealth.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorali'ce</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.) a lady beloved by Rodomont, but who married
+Mandricardo.&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dor'alis,</b> the lady-love of Rodomont, king of Sarza or Algiers. She
+eloped with Mandricardo, king of Tartary.&mdash;Bojardo, <i>Orlando Innamorato</i>
+(1495), and Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorante</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), a name introduced into three of Moli&egrave;re's
+comedies. In <i>Les F&acirc;cheux</i> he is a courtier devoted to the chase (1661).
+In <i>La Critique de l'&eacute;cole des Femmes</i> he is a chevalier (1602). In <i>Le
+Bourgeois Gentilhomme</i> he is a count in love with the marchioness
+Dorem&egrave;ne (1670).</p>
+
+<p><b>Daras'tus and Faunia</b>, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by
+Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of <i>Pandosto and the
+Triumph of Time</i>. On this &quot;history&quot; Shakespeare founded his <i>Winter's
+Tale</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorax</b>, the assumed name of Don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted
+Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned renegade, and joined the emperor of
+Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebastian gave to
+Henri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4
+<i>syl.</i>) The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy of
+the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in
+Shakespeare's <i>Julius C&aelig;sar</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sebastian says to Dorax, &quot;Confess, proud spirit, that better he
+<i>[Henriquez]</i> deserved my love than thou.&quot; To this Dorax replies:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">I must grant,</span><br>
+Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul,<br>
+Henriquez had your love with more desert;<br>
+For you he fought and died; I fought against you.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Don Sebastian</i> (1690).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorcas</b>, servant to Squire Ingoldsby.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i>
+(time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorcas</i>, an old domestic at Cumnor Place.&mdash;<i>Kenilworth</i> (time,
+Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doria D'Istria,</b> a pseudonym of the Princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a
+Wallachian authoress (1829-).</p>
+
+<p>Arthur Donnithorn: Young Squire who seduces Hetty Sorrel in George
+Eliot's novel of <i>Adam Bede</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Doricourt</b>, the <i>fianc&ecirc;</i> of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and
+the rage of the London season, he is, however, both a gentleman and a
+man of honor. He had made the &quot;grand tour,&quot; and considered English
+beauties insipid.&mdash;Mrs. Cowley, <i>The Belle's Stratagem</i>, (1780).</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Montague Talbot [1778-1831].</span><br>
+He reigns o'er comedy supreme..<br>
+None show for light and airy sport,<br>
+So exquisite a Doricourt.<br>
+
+<p>Crofton Croaker.</p>
+
+<p><b>Do'ridon,</b> a beautiful swain, nature's &quot;chiefest work,&quot; more
+beautiful than Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis.&mdash;Wm. Browne, <i>Britannia's
+Pastorals</i> (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Do'rigen,</b> a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity
+for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but she
+said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast &quot;there
+n'is no stone y-seen.&quot; Aurelius by magic caused all the stones to
+disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted on
+her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied, he would
+sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.&mdash;Chaucer,
+<i>Canterbury Tales</i> (&quot;The Franklin's Tale,&quot; 1388).</p>
+
+<p>(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of <i>Dianora and
+Gilberto</i>, x. 6. See Dianora.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dor'imant,</b> a genteel, witty libertine. The original of this
+character was the Earl of Rochester&mdash;G. Etherege, <i>The Man of Mode</i> or
+<i>Sir Fopling Flutter</i> (1676).</p>
+
+<p>The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not
+offend my moral sense; in fact, they do not appeal to it at all.&mdash;C.
+Lamb.</p>
+
+<p>(The &quot;Lady Touchwood&quot; in Congreve's <i>Double Dealer</i>, not the &quot;Lady
+Francis Touchwood&quot; in Mrs. Cowley's <i>Belle's Strategem</i>, which is quite
+another character.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dor'im&eacute;ne</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of Alcantor, beloved by Sganarelle
+(3 <i>syl</i>.) and Lycaste (2 <i>syl</i>.). She loved &quot;le jeu, les visites, les
+assembl&eacute;s, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes les choses
+de plasir,&quot; and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her
+home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to marry,
+&quot;Nous n'aurons jamais aucun d&eacute;m&ecirc;l&eacute; ensemble; et je ne vous contraindrai
+point dans vos actions, comme j'esp&egrave;re que vous ne me contraindrez point
+dans les miennes.&quot;&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Le Mariage Forc&eacute;</i> (1664).</p>
+
+<p>(She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the
+Comedy of <i>Le Cocu Iniaginaire</i>, 1660).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorim&egrave;ne</i>, the marchioness, in the <i>Bourgeois Gentilhomme</i>, by Moli&egrave;re
+(1670).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorin'da,</b> the charming daughter of Lady Bountiful; in love with
+Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous
+also.&mdash;George Farquhar, <i>The Beaux' Stratagem</i> (1707).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorinda</i>. The rustic maiden, slow and sweet in ungrammatical speech,
+who helps plant corn by day, and makes picturesque the interior of the
+cabin in the glare of &quot;lightwood&quot; torches by night; turns men's heads
+and wins children's hearts in Charles Egbert Craddock's tale, <i>The
+Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains</i>, (1885).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorine'</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She
+ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. Moli&egrave;re,
+<i>Le Tartuffe</i> (1664).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorla</b> <i>(St. John</i>). A New York girl of great beauty and tender
+conscience, who is beguiled into marrying a country lawyer because she
+thinks he is dying for love of her. Having left out of sight the
+possibility that a loveless union leaves room for the entrance of a real
+passion, she is appalled at finding that she has slipped into an
+attachment to <i>A Perfect Adonis</i>, who has principle enough to leave her
+when he discovers the state of his own affections. Finding her a widow
+on his return to America, he presses his suit, and finds a rival in her
+only child, a spoiled baby of five or six years. Overcoming this
+obstacle, he weds the mother.&mdash;Miriam Coles Harris, <i>A Perfect Adonis</i>
+(1875).</p>
+
+<p><b>D'Orme'o,</b> prime minister of Victor, Amade'us (4 <i>syl</i>), and also of
+his son and successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He took his
+color from the king he served; hence under the tortuous, deceitful
+Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity; but
+under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became
+straightforward and honest.&mdash;R. Browning, <i>King Victor and King Charles,
+etc</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dormer</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, benevolent, truthful, and courageous, candid
+and warmhearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers; but the lady was told
+that he was false and had married another, so she gave her hand to Lord
+Davenant.</p>
+
+<p><i>Marianne Dormer</i>, sister of the captain. She married Lord Davenant, who
+called himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her in three months, giving
+out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a widow, married
+his lordship's son.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The Mysterious Husband</i> (1783).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dormer (Caroline)</i>, the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was
+once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter
+&pound;200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of her
+man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry Morland
+(supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and marries
+her, by which she becomes the Lady Duberly.&mdash;G. Coleman, <i>The
+Heir-at-Law</i> (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dornton</b> <i>(Mr.)</i>, a great banker, who
+adores his son Harry. He tries to be
+stern with him when he sees him going
+the road to ruin, but is melted by a kind
+word.</p>
+
+<p>Joseph Mnnden [1758-1832] was the original
+representative of &quot;Old Dornton&quot; and a host of
+other characters.&mdash;<i>Memoir</i> (1832.)</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Harry Dornton</i>, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by
+over-indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket,
+and goes post-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great
+is his extravagance, that his father becomes a bankrupt; but Sulky (his
+partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia Freelove,
+and both father and son are saved from ruin.&mdash;Holcroft, <i>The Road to
+Euin</i> (1792).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorothe'a,</b> of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal
+of the Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don Fernando, the duke's
+younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent
+gentlemen), engaged to Cardenio, her equal in rank and fortune. When the
+wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed the
+bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day she
+took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in boy's
+clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown Mountain.
+Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don Quixote's party
+happened to be staying at the Crescent inn, and Don Fernando, who had
+abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the same place. Here he
+found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband Cardenio. All these
+misfortunes thus came to an end, and the parties mated with their
+respective spouses.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. iv. (1605).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, sister of Mons. Thomas.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Mons.
+Thomas</i> (1619).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, the &quot;virgin martyr,&quot; attended by Angelo, an angel in the
+semblance of a page, first presented to Dorothea as a beggar-boy, to
+whom she gave alms.&mdash;Philip Massinger, <i>The Virgin Martyr</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorothe'a</i>, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled <i>Hermann and
+Dorothea</i> (1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dor'otheus</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the man who spent all his life in
+endeavoring to elucidate the meaning of one single word in Homer.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dor'othy</b> <i>(Old)</i>, the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter
+&quot;the fair maid of Perth.&quot;&mdash;Sir. W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time,
+Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dor'othy</i>, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter
+Martha.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fortunes of Nigel</i> (time, James I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dorothy Pearson.</b> The childless wife of a Puritan settler in New
+England. Her husband brings her home a boy whom he found crouching under
+the gallows of his Quaker father, and she adopts him at once, despite
+the opposition of &quot;the congregation.&quot; A fortnight after he entered the
+family, his own mother invades the pulpit of the Orthodox meeting house,
+and delivers an anathema against her sect. Her boy presses forward to
+meet her, but, after a conflict of emotions she returns him to Dorothy.
+He submits, but pines for his mother through the months that pass before
+her return with the news of religious toleration. Dorothy's loving
+offices have smoothed the child's pathway to the grave, and she hangs
+above him with tears of maternal grief as he breathes his last in his
+mother's arms.&mdash;Nathaniel Hawthorne, <i>The Gentle Boy</i> (1851.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Dorothy Q</i>. Oliver Wendell Holmes's &quot;grandmother's mother.&quot; Her
+portrait taken at the age of &quot;thirteen summers, or less,&quot; is the subject
+of his lines, &quot;<i>Dorothy Q.</i> A Family Portrait.&quot;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, Damsel Dorothy! Dorothy Q!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Strange is the gift that I owe to you;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such a gift as never a king</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Save to daughter or son might bring,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All my tenure of heart and hand</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All my title to house and land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mother and sister and child and wife</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And joy and sorrow, and death and life!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Dorrillon</b> <i>(Sir William</i>), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He
+had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When
+this daughter (Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir William returned to
+England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented himself
+under the assumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter a
+fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but
+affectionate and good-hearted. He was enabled to extricate her from some
+money difficulties, won her heart, revealed himself as her father, and
+reclaimed her.</p>
+
+<p><i>Miss [Maria] Dorrillon</i>, daughter of Sir William; gay, fashionable,
+light-hearted, accomplished, and very beautiful. &quot;Brought up without a
+mother's care or father's caution,&quot; she had some excuse for her
+waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn was her admirer, whom for a
+time she teased to the very top of her bent; then she married, loved and
+reformed.&mdash;Mrs. Inchbald, <i>Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are</i>
+(1797).</p>
+
+<p><b>D'Osborn</b> <i>(Count)</i>, governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The
+countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain the
+acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg, (&quot;the State prisoner&quot;); but he never
+kept his promise.</p>
+
+<p>It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept
+back the evidence of General Bavois, declaring him innocent. He next
+employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted. His
+villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to
+execution.&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The State Prisoner</i> (1847).</p>
+
+<p><b>Do'son,</b> a promise-maker and promise-breaker. Antig'onos, grandson
+of Demetrios <i>(the besieger)</i> was so called.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dot.</b> (See PERRYBINGLE.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dotheboys Hall</b>, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and
+done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puffing, overbearing
+and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys, but
+taught them nothing.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> (1838).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The original of Dotheboys Hall is still in existence
+at Bowes, some five miles from Barnard
+Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle
+is spoken of in <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>, by Newman
+Noggs.&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries</i>, April 2, 1875.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Doto, Nys&ecirc;,</b> and <b>Neri'n&ecirc;</b>, the three nereids who guarded the
+fleet of Vasco da Gama. When the treacherous pilot had run the ship in
+which Vasco was sailing on a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up the
+prow and turned it round,&mdash;Camoens, <i>Lusiad</i>, ii. (1569).</p>
+
+<p><b>Douban</b>, the physician, cured a Greek king of leprosy by some drug
+concealed in a racket handle. The king gave Douban such great rewards
+that the envy of his nobles was excited, and his vizier suggested that a
+man like Douban was very dangerous to be near the throne. The fears of
+the weak king being aroused, he ordered Douban to be put to death. When
+the physician saw there was no remedy, he gave the king a book, saying,
+&quot;On the sixth leaf the king will find something affecting his life.&quot; The
+king finding the leaves stick, moistened his finger with his mouth, and
+by so doing poisoned himself. &quot;Tyrant!&quot; exclaimed Douban, &quot;those who
+abuse their power merit death.&quot;&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;The Greek King and
+the Physician&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><i>Douban</i>, physician of the emperor Alexius.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert
+of Paris</i> (time Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Double Dealer</b>, <i>(The)</i> &quot;The double dealer&quot; is Maskwell, who
+pretends love to lady Touchwood and friendship to Mellefont (2. <i>syl</i>.),
+in order to betray them both. The other characters of the comedy also
+deal doubly: Thus Lady Froth pretends to love her husband, but coquets
+with Mr. Brisk; and Lady Pliant pretends to be chaste as Diana, but has
+a liaison with Careless. On the other hand Brisk pretends to entertain
+friendship for Lord Froth but makes love to his wife; and Ned Careless
+pretends to respect and honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles him in a
+similar way.&mdash;W. Congreve (1700).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doublefee</b> <i>(Old Jacob</i>), a money-lender who accommodates the Duke
+of Buckingham with loans.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time,
+Charles II).</p>
+
+<p><b>Doubting Castle</b>, the castle of giant Despair, into which Christian
+and Hopeful were thrust, but from which they escaped by means of the key
+called &quot;Promise.&quot;&mdash;Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dougal</b>, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. He is an adherent of Rob
+Roy.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Douglas</b>, divided into <i>The Black Douglases</i> and <i>The Red
+Douglases</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I. THE BLACK DOUGLASES (or senior branch). Each of these is called &quot;The
+Black Douglas.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>The Hardy</i>, William de Douglas, defender of Berwick (died 1302).</p>
+
+<p><i>The Good Sir James</i>, eldest son of &quot;The Hardy.&quot; Friend of Bruce. Killed
+by the Moors in Spain (1330).</p>
+
+<p><i>England's Scourge and Scotland's Bulwark</i>, William Douglas, knight of
+Liddesdale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed by William, first earl
+of Douglas, in 1353.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Flower of Chivalry</i>, William de Douglas, natural son of &quot;The Good
+Sir James&quot; (died 1384).</p>
+
+<p>James second earl of Douglas overthrew Hotspur. Died at Otterburn, 1388.
+This is the Douglas of the old ballad of <i>Chevy Chase.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Archibald the Grim</i>, Archibald Douglas, natural son of &quot;The Good Sir
+James.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>The Black Douglas</i>, William, lord of Nithsdale (murdered by the earl of
+Clifford, 1390).</p>
+
+<p><i>Tineman</i> (the loser), Archibald, fourth earl, who lost the battles of
+Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed
+(1424).</p>
+
+<p>William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then despatched
+with a battle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling, February 13, 1452.
+Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in <i>The Lady of the Lake</i>.</p>
+
+<p>James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior
+branch closes.</p>
+
+<p>II. THE RED DOUGLASES, a collateral branch.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bell-the-Cat</i>, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in
+<i>Marmion</i>. His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden Field. He died in
+a monastery, 1514.</p>
+
+<p>Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of &quot;Bell-the-Cat.&quot;
+James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most interesting part of
+Scott's <i>Lady of the Lake</i>. He was the grandfather of Darnley, husband
+of Mary Queen of Scots. He died 1560.</p>
+
+<p>James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger-brother of the seventh earl of
+Angus. He took part in the murder of Rizzio, and was executed by the
+instrument called &quot;the maiden&quot; (1530-1581).</p>
+
+<p>The &quot;Black Douglas,&quot; introduced by Sir W. Scott in <i>Castle Dangerous</i>,
+is &quot;The Gud schyr James.&quot; This was also the Douglas which was such a
+terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly
+children by saying they would &quot;make the Black Douglas take them.&quot; He
+first appears in <i>Castle Dangerous</i> as &quot;Knight of the tomb.&quot; The
+following nursery rhyme refers to him:&mdash;</p>
+
+Hush ye, hush, ye, little pet ye;<br>
+Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye;<br>
+The Black Douglas shall not get thee.<br>
+
+<p>Sir W. Scott, <i>Tales of a Grandfather</i>, i. 6.</p>
+
+<p><i>Douglas</i>, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Norval, having saved the
+life of Lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady Randolph
+hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own son by her
+first husband, Lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new favorite,
+persuades Lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with the young
+upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse in a wood.
+The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, but is in turn slain by Lord
+Randolph, who then learns that the young man was Lady Randolph's son.
+Lady Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice and throws herself
+down headlong, and Lord Randolph goes to the war then raging between
+Scotland and Denmark.</p>
+
+<p><i>Douglas (Archibald earl of</i>), father-in-law of Prince Robert, eldest
+son of Robert III. of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p><i>Margery of Douglas</i>, the earl's daughter, and wife of Prince Robert
+duke of Rothsay. The duke was betrothed to Elizabeth, daughter of the
+earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by intrigue.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Douglas (George)</i>, nephew of the regent Murray of Scotland, and
+grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Douglas was devoted to Mary
+Queen of Scots.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Douglas and the Bloody Heart.</b> The heart of Bruce was entrusted to
+Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid the
+Castilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the
+&quot;heart,&quot; enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the
+foe, saying, &quot;The heart or death!&quot; On he dashed, fearless of danger, to
+regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family thenceforth
+adopted the &quot;bloody heart&quot; as their armorial device.</p>
+
+<p><b>Douglas Larder</b> (<i>The</i>). When the &quot;Good Sir James&quot; Douglas, in 1306,
+took his castle by <i>coup de main</i> from the English, he caused all the
+barrels containing flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in pieces
+and their contents to be thrown on the floor; he then staved in all the
+hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung the dead
+bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this disgusting
+mass &quot;The Douglas Larder.&quot; He then set fire to the castle and took
+refuge in the hills, for he said &quot;he loved far better to hear the lark
+sing than the mouse cheep.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"><i>Wallace's Larder</i> is a similar phrase. It is the dungeon of
+Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies of the
+garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I.</p>
+
+<p>Douloureuse Garde (<i>La</i>), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir
+Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in
+romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed
+into <i>La Joyeuse Garde</i> or <i>La Garde Joyeuse</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dousterswivel (<i>Herman</i>), a German schemer, who obtains money under the
+promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Antiquary</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p>The incident of looking for treasure in the church is copied from one
+which Lily mentions, who went with David Kamsay to search for hidden
+treasure in Westminster Abbey.&mdash;See <i>Old and New London</i>, i. 129.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dove</b> (<i>Dr.</i>), the hero of Southey's novel called <i>The Doctor</i>
+(1834).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dove</i> (<i>Sir Benjamin</i>), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little, peaking,
+puling creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife; but madam
+overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and maintain the
+mastery.</p>
+
+<p>That very clever actor Cherry (1769-1812), appeared in &quot;Sir Benjamin
+Dove,&quot; and showed himself a master of his profession.&mdash;Boaden.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Dove</i>, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger, and
+next to Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a <i>tendresse</i> for Mr. Paterson. Lady
+Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed used to lament
+for &quot;poor dear dead Searcher, who&mdash;, etc., etc.&quot; She pulled her bow
+somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin asserted his independence.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sophia Dove</i>, daughter of Sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield, but
+was engaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. When, however, the
+wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a married man, and the
+younger brother became the bridegroom.&mdash;R. Cumberland, <i>The Brothers</i>
+(1769).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dowlas</b> (<i>Daniel</i>), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in &quot;coals,
+cloth, herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and
+brickdust.&quot; This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the
+peerage under the title of &quot;The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, Baron
+Duberly.&quot; But scarcely has he entered on his honors, when the
+&quot;heir-at-law,&quot; supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance
+in the person of Henry Morland. The &quot;heir&quot; settles on Daniel Dowlas an
+annuity.</p>
+
+<p><i>Deborah Dowlas</i>, wife of Daniel, and for a short time Lady Duberly. She
+assumes quite the airs and <i>ton</i> of gentility, and tells her husband &quot;as
+he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Dick Dowlas</i>, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A wild
+young scamp, who can &quot;shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at cricket,
+make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance.&quot; His mother says &quot;he is the
+sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way.&quot; Dick Dowlas
+falls in love with Cicely Homespun, and marries her.&mdash;G. Colman,
+<i>Heir-at-law</i> (1797).</p>
+
+<p>Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered. &quot;It should be black
+bombazeen ...&quot; I proved to her that not only &quot;Deborah Dowlas,&quot; but all
+the rest of the <i>dramatis person&aelig;</i> ought to be in mourning ... The three
+&quot;Dowlases&quot; as relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly; &quot;Henry Morland&quot; as
+the heir-at-law; &quot;Dr. Pangloss&quot; as a clergyman, &quot;Caroline Dormer&quot; for
+the loss of her father, and &quot;Kenrick&quot; as a servant of the Dormer
+family.&mdash;James Smith.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dowlas (Old Dame</i>), housekeeper to the Duke of Buckingham.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dowling</b>-<i>(Captain)</i>, a great drunkard, who dies in his
+cups.&mdash;Crabbe, <i>Borough</i>, xvi. (1810).</p>
+
+<p><b>Downer</b> (<i>Billy</i>), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diffuser of
+knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an &quot;unfinished
+gentleman.&quot;&mdash;C. Selby, <i>The Unfinished Gentleman</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Downing, Professor</b>, in the University of Cambridge. So called from
+Sir George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dowsabel</b>, daughter of Cassemen (3 <i>syl</i>.), a knight of Arden; a
+ballad by M. Drayton (1593).</p>
+
+Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell,<br>
+Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel,<br>
+A later third of Dowsabel.<br>
+
+<p>M. Drayton, <i>Nymphida</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drac</b>, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of
+rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a stream
+to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at them, the
+drac draws him under water.&mdash;<i>South of France Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dra'chenfels</b> (&quot;<i>Dragon rocks</i>&quot;), so called from the dragon killed
+there by Siegfried, the hero of the <i>Niebelungen Lied</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dragon</b> (<i>A</i>), the device on the royal banner of the old British
+kings. The leader was called the <i>pendragon</i>. Geoffrey of Monmouth says:
+&quot;When Aurelius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester, of
+wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray at the end of
+which was a flame in the form of a dragon.&quot; Uther ordered two golden
+dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the
+other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennyson says that
+Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... they saw</span><br>
+The dragon of the great pendragonship.<br>
+That crowned the state pavilion of the king.<br>
+<br>
+Tennyson, <i>Guinevere</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Dragon (The)</i>, one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>The Abbot</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dragon (The Red</i>) the personification of &quot;the devil,&quot; as the enemy of
+man.&mdash;Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, ix. (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dragon of Wantley</b> <i>(i. e</i>. Warncliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the
+old metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of Sir
+Bevis. The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the
+inhabitants, the knight choosing his armor, the damsel, the fight and
+the victory. The hero is called &quot;More, of More Hall&quot; (<i>q. v</i>.)&mdash;Percy,
+<i>Reliques</i>, III. iii. 13.</p>
+
+<p>(H. Carey, has a burlesque called <i>The Dragon of Wantley</i>, and calls the
+hero &quot;Moore, of Moore Hall,&quot; 1697-1743).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dragon's Hill</b> (Berkshire). The legend isays it is here that St.
+George killed the dragon; but the place assigned for this achievement in
+the ballad given in Percy's <i>Reliques</i> is &quot;Sylene, in Libya.&quot; Another
+legend gives Berytus <i>(Beyrut)</i> as the place of this encounter.</p>
+
+<p>(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that
+Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with 5,000
+men.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dragon's Teeth.</b> The tale of Jason and &AElig;&ecirc;t&ecirc;s is a repetition of that
+of Cadmus.</p>
+
+<p>In the tale of CADMUS, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 <i>syl</i>.) was
+guarded by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed its
+teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called
+&quot;Sparti,&quot; among whom he flung stones, and the armed men fell foul of
+each other, till all were slain excepting five.</p>
+
+<p>In the tale of JASON, we are told that having slain the dragon, which
+kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth in the ground, and
+armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them,
+whereupon the men attacked each other, and were all slain.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dragons.</b></p>
+
+<p>AHBIMAN, the dragon slain by Mithra.&mdash;<i>Persian Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p>DAHAK, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Ya&ccedil;na.&mdash;<i>Persian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>FAFNIB, the dragon slain by Sigurd.</p>
+
+<p>GRENDEL, the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero.</p>
+
+<p>LA GAGOUILLE, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain of
+Rouen.</p>
+
+<p>PYTHON, the dragon slain by Apollo.&mdash;<i>Greek Mythology</i>.</p>
+
+<p>TAKASQUE (2 <i>syl</i>.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St. Martha.</p>
+
+<p>ZOHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (<i>Shahndmeh</i>).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted Red, White,
+Black, Great, etc..</p>
+
+<p><b>Drake</b> (Joseph Rodman), author of <i>The
+Culprit Fay</i> and <i>The American Flag</i>, died at
+the early age of twenty-five. His elegy
+was written by Fitz-Green Halleck and is
+known as far as the English tongue is
+spoken.</p>
+
+&quot;Green be the turf above thee,<br>
+Friend of my better days!<br>
+None knew thee but to love thee,<br>
+None named thee but to praise.&quot;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 15em;">(1820).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Drama.</b> The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western
+empire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called <i>La
+Celestina</i>, and is divided into twenty-one acts. The first act, which
+runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodridgo Cota; the other
+twenty are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The whole was published in
+1510.</p>
+
+<p>The earliest English drama is entitled <i>Ralph Roister Doister</i>, a comedy
+by Nicholas Udal (before 1551, because mentioned by T. Wilson, in his
+<i>Rule of Reason</i>, which appeared in 1551).</p>
+
+<p>The second English drama was <i>Gammer Gurton's Needle</i>, by Mr. S. Master
+of Arts. Warton, in his <i>History of English Poetry</i> (iv. 32), gives 1551
+as the date of this comedy; and Wright, in his <i>Historia Histrionica</i>,
+says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died 1553. It is
+generally ascribed to Bishop Still, but he was only eight years old in
+1551.</p>
+
+<p><i>Drama (Father of the French)</i>, Etienne, Jodell (1532-1573).</p>
+
+<p><i>Father of the Greek Drama</i>, Thespis (B.C. sixth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Father of the Spanish Drama</i>, Lop&ecirc;z de Vega (1562-1635).</p>
+
+<p><b>Drap</b>, one of Queen Mab's maids of honor.&mdash;Drayton, <i>Nymphidia</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dra&acute;pier's Letters</b>, a series of letters written by Dean Swift, and
+signed &quot;M.D. Drapier,&quot; advising the Irish not to take the copper money
+coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These
+letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job and caused the patent to be
+cancelled. The patent was obtained by the Duchess of Kendall (mistress
+of the king), who was to share the profits.</p>
+
+Can we the Drapier then forget?<br>
+Is not our nation in his debt?<br>
+'Twas he that writ the &quot;Drapier's Letters.&quot;<br>
+Dean Swift, <i>Verses on his own death</i>.<br>
+
+<p><b>Drawcan&acute;sir,</b> a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a
+battle, and killed every one on both sides, &quot;sparing neither friend nor
+foe.&quot;&mdash;George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, <i>The Rehearsal</i> (1671).</p>
+
+Juan, who was a little superficial,<br>
+And not in literature a great Drawcansir.<br>
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, xi. 51 (1824).<br>
+
+<p>At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a
+Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he
+presented himself to fight with Menelaus.&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, vii.
+(1735).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dream Authorship.</b> Coleridge says that he wrote his <i>Kubla Khan</i>
+from his recollection of a dream.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the reasonings left
+incomplete at bed-time.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dreams</i>. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes
+made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the &quot;inner or divine
+soul.&quot; An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it
+really cut off the next day.&mdash;Charlevoix, <i>Journal of a Voyage to North
+America</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dream&acute;er</b> (<i>The Immortal</i>), John Bunyan, whose <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>
+is said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The pretense of a dream was one of the most common devices of
+mediaeval romance, as, for example, the <i>Romance of the Rose</i> and <i>Piers
+Plowman</i>, both in the fourteenth century.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dreary</b> (<i>Wat</i>), <i>alias</i> BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of
+thieves. He is described by Peachum as &quot;an irregular dog, with an
+underhand way of disposing of his goods&quot; (act i.1).&mdash;Gay, <i>The Beggar's
+Opera</i> (1727).</p>
+
+<p><b>Drew</b> (<i>Timothy</i>). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor
+had advertised for &quot;frogs,&quot; catches a bagful and carries them to him,
+demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself the
+victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy, in revenge
+empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of Buckram's shop.
+Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read&mdash;<i>Shoes Mended and Frogs
+Caught. By Timothy Drew.</i>&mdash;<i>The Frog Catcher</i>, Henry J. Finn, American
+Comic Annual 1831.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drink</b> used by actors, orators, etc.</p>
+
+<p>BRAHAM, bottled porter.</p>
+
+<p>CATLEY (<i>Miss</i>), linseed tea and madeira.</p>
+
+<p>COOKE (<i>G. F.</i>), everything drinkable.</p>
+
+<p>EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).</p>
+
+<p>GLADSTONE (<i>W. E.</i>), an egg beaten up in sherry.</p>
+
+<p>HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.</p>
+
+<p>INCLEDON, madeira.</p>
+
+<p>JORDAN (<i>Mrs.</i>), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.</p>
+
+<p>KEAN (<i>Edmund</i>), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.</p>
+
+<p>LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).</p>
+
+<p>OXBERRY, tea.</p>
+
+<p>SMITH (<i>William</i>), coffee.</p>
+
+<p>WOOD (<i>Mrs.</i>), draught porter.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> J Kemble took opium.</p>
+
+<p><i>Drink</i>. &quot;<i>I drink the air</i>,&quot; says Ariel, meaning &quot;I will fly with great
+speed.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Henry IV</i>. we have &quot;devour the way,&quot; meaning the same thing.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dri'ver,</b> clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.</p>
+
+<p>Edinburgh.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Driver of Europe.</b> The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was
+so called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over
+Europe, and ruled by them all the political cabals.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dro'gio,</b> probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager
+named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he
+discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (<i>Labrador</i>),
+but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern geographers,
+and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great measure, hypothetical.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dro'mio</b> <i>(The Brothers</i>), two brothers, twins, so much alike that
+even their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They
+were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles of
+each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus of
+Syracuse.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Comedy of Errors</i> (1593).</p>
+
+<p>(<i>The Comedy of Errors</i> is borrowed from the <i>Menoechmi</i> of Plautus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dronsdaughter</b> (<i>Tronda</i>), the old serving-woman of the
+Yellowleys.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Drop Serene</b> (<i>Gutta Serena</i>). It was once thought that this sort
+of blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent
+watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness,
+but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort of
+blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels, and in
+some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own blindness,
+expresses a doubt whether it arose from the <i>Gutta Serena</i> or the
+<i>suffusion of a cataract</i>.</p>
+
+So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,<br>
+Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.<br>
+<br>
+Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 25 (1665).<br>
+
+<p><b>Drood</b> (<i>Edwin</i>), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that
+name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drudgeit</b> (<i>Peter</i>), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Drugger</b> (<i>Abel</i>), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in the
+extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle &quot;the alchemist&quot;
+to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose the shelves
+so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his customers,
+and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>The
+Alchemist</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p>Thomas Weston was &quot;Abel Drugger&quot; himself [1727-1776], but David Garrick
+was fond of the part also [1716-1779].&mdash;C. Dibdin, <i>History of the
+Stage</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drugget</b>, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his
+daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is &quot;very fond of his garden,&quot;
+but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden
+images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and
+other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate, and
+very fond of flattery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Druggett</i>, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles,
+and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.&mdash;A. Murphy,
+<i>Three Weeks after Marriage</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Druid</b> (<i>The</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Henry</p>
+
+<p>Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called
+<i>Steeple-chasing</i>, appeared in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>. His last work
+was called <i>The Saddle and Sirloin.</i></p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Collins calls James Thomson (author of <i>The Seasons</i>) a druid,
+meaning a pastoral British poet or &quot;Nature's High Priest.&quot;</p>
+
+In yonder grave a Druid lies.<br>
+Collins (1746).<br>
+
+<p><i>Druid (Dr.)</i>, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling
+tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and
+antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without any
+knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at all.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and the
+Po, traversed the Riph&aelig;an Mountains, and pierced into the inmost deserts
+of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli Chan with
+rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely depopulated;
+gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread 'em; fruits
+without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue of pats, peetles,
+serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and putterflies! Oh, 'tis a
+recreating contemplation indeed to a philosophic mind!&quot;&mdash;Cumberland,
+<i>The Fashionable Lover</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Druid Money</b>, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says:
+&quot;Druid&aelig; pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri.&quot;</p>
+
+Like money by the Druids borrowed,<br>
+In th' other world to be restored.<br>
+Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>, iii. 1 (1678).<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, &quot;who
+barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a
+hundredfold.&quot;&mdash;<i>Pilgrims</i>, iii. 2.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drum</b> <i>(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment</i> is giving a guest the cold
+shoulder.</p>
+
+<p>Shakespeare calls it &quot;John Drum's entertainment&quot; (<i>All Well, etc</i>., act
+iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of &quot;Tom Drum his entertaynement,
+which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him out by both the
+shoulders.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Drummle</b> (<i>Bentley</i>) <b>and Startop,</b> two young men who read with
+Mr. Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries
+Estella.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Drunken Parliament</b>, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh,
+January I, 1661.</p>
+
+It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;<br>
+and no wonder it was so, when the men<br>
+of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.&mdash;Burnet,<br>
+<i>His Own Time</i> (1723-34).<br>
+
+<p><b>Druon</b> &quot;the Stern,&quot; one of the four knights who attacked Britomart
+and Sir Scudamore (3 <i>syl</i>.).</p>
+
+The warlike dame <i>(Britomart)</i> was on her part assaid<br>
+By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;<br>
+While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid<br>
+On Scudamore, both his profess&egrave;d fone [<i>foes</i>].<br>
+<br>
+Spenser, <i>Faery Queen</i>, iv. 9 (1596).<br>
+
+<p><b>Druses</b> (<i>Return of the</i>). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of
+Syria, being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'ad&ecirc;s, and
+place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These
+knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik
+massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Ma&auml;'ni, and entertains the idea of
+revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he
+gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth, and
+soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to murder
+the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice, if Venice
+will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 <i>syl</i>.), a young woman
+stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when she discovers
+that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself when his imposition
+is made public, but Loys, (2 <i>syl</i>.) a Brenton count, leads the exiles
+back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.&mdash;<i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000 or 200,000,
+settled in Syria, between Djebail and Sa&iuml;de, but their original seat was
+Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by Dara'zi or Durzi,
+from whom the name Druse (1 <i>syl</i>.) is derived. The founder of the sect
+was the hak&ecirc;m B'amr-ellah (eleventh century), believed to be incarnate
+deity, and the last prophet who communicated between God and man. From
+this founder the head of the sect was called the <i>hak&ecirc;m</i>, his residence
+being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth or fourteenth century the
+Druses were banished from Syria, and lived in exile in some of the
+Sporad&ecirc;s but were led back to Syria early in the fifteenth century by
+Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588 they have been tributaries
+of the sultan.</p>
+
+What say you does this wizard style himself&mdash;<br>
+Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?<br>
+What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,<br>
+Dead near three hundred years!<br>
+
+<p>Robert Browning, <i>The Return of the Druses</i>.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Dryas</b> or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of
+her tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The quickening power of the soul,&quot; like Martha,
+&quot;is busy about many things,&quot; or like &quot;a
+Dryas living in a tree.&quot;&mdash;Sir John Davies, <i>Immortality
+of the soul</i>, xii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dry-as-Dust</b> (<i>The Rev. Doctor</i>), an hypothetical person whom Sir W.
+Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of prefatory
+letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding historian,
+with great show of learning, but very little attractive grace.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dryden of Germany</b> <i>(The)</i>, Martin Opitz, sometimes called &quot;The
+Father of German Poetry&quot; (1597-1639).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dryeesdale</b> <i>(Jasper)</i>, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>The Abott</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dry'ope</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo.
+Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryop&ecirc; into
+her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that Dryop&ecirc; was
+changed into a lotus <i>(Met</i>., x. 331).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duar'te</b> (3 <i>syl</i>), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Custom of the Country</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dubosc</b>, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and
+murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph Lesurques
+(act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.&mdash;Ed. Stirling, <i>The Courier
+of Lyons</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dubourg</b>-<i>(Mons.)</i>, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of
+Osbaldistone of London.</p>
+
+<p><i>Clement Dubourg</i>, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of
+Osbaldistone, merchant.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dubric</b> <i>(St.)</i> or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions
+<i>(Caerleon-upon-Usk</i>; Newport is the only part left.) He set the crown
+on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says
+(<i>British history</i>, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain,
+was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by his
+prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David his
+successor. Tennyson introduced him in his <i>Coming of Arthur, Enid</i>, etc.</p>
+
+Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">carry.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chief of the Church in Britain, and before</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That morn was married.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Tennyson, <i>The Coming of Arthur</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ducho&acute;mar</b> was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of
+Ireland. Out of jealousy, he slew C&acirc;thba, his more successful rival,
+went to announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him.
+She replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. &quot;He gave
+the sword to her tears,&quot; and she stabbed him to the heart. Duch&ocirc;mar
+begged the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die;
+and when she approached him for the purpose, &quot;he seized the sword from
+her, and slew her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Duch&ocirc;mar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red are
+thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not,&quot; said Morna; &quot;hard is thy heart of
+rock, and dark is thy terrible brow.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, i.</p>
+
+<p><b>Duchran</b> (<i>The laird of</i>), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Du Croisy</b> and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young
+ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy the
+manners of these gentlemen &quot;too unaffected and easy to be aristocratic&quot;;
+so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as &quot;the viscount de
+Jodelet,&quot; and &quot;the marquis of Mascarille.&quot; The girls are delighted whith
+their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far enough, the
+masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the girls are taught a
+useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal
+consequence.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Les Pr&egrave;cieuses Ridicules</i> (1659).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dudley</b>, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dudley</i> (<i>Captain</i>), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good
+family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty
+years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.</p>
+
+<p><i>Charles Dudley</i>, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous,
+generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte
+Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is
+rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he
+becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.</p>
+
+<p><i>Louisa Dudley</i>, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh,
+and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom
+ultimately she is married.&mdash;Cumberland, <i>The West Indian</i> (1771).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dudley Diamond</b> (<i>The</i>). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy
+brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it &pound;400,
+with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for &pound;12,000; and
+the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell &pound;30,000 for it. It
+weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart shape it weighs
+44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great brilliancy.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This magnificent diamond, that called the &quot;Stewart&quot; <i>(q. v</i>.), and
+the &quot;Twin,&quot; have all been discovered in Africa since 1868.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dudu</b>, one of the three beauties of the
+harem, into which Juan, by the sultan's
+order, had been admitted in female attire.
+Next day, the sultana, out of jealousy,
+ordered that both Dud&ugrave; and Juan should
+be stitched in a sack and cast into the
+sea; but by the connivance of Baba the
+chief eunuch, they affected their escape.&mdash;
+Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, vi. 42, etc.</p>
+
+A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...<br>
+But she was pensive more than melancholy ...<br>
+The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was<br>
+holy.<br>
+Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.<br>
+Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).<br>
+
+<p><b>Duenna</b> <i>(The)</i>, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret,
+the duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome.
+Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but her
+father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a rich
+Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's arrangement,
+he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out of doors, but
+in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter out, and locks up
+the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the lady, elopes with her,
+and is duly married. Louisa flees to the convent of St. Catharine, and
+writes to her father for his consent to her marriage to the man of her
+choice; and Don Jerome supposing she means the Jew, gives it freely, and
+she marries Antonio. When they meet at breakfast at the old man's house,
+he finds that Isaac has married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio,
+and his son has married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says,
+&quot;I am an obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all
+find me steady in the right.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Duessa</b> <i>(false faith</i>), is the personification of the papacy. She
+meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy <i>(infidelity)</i>, and
+when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being overtaken, she
+says her name is Fidessa <i>(true faith)</i>, deceives the knight, and
+conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he encounters Sansjoy
+(canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red Cross Knight, but places
+Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the infernal regions (canto 4).
+The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace of Lucifera, and Duessa induces
+him to drink of the &quot;Enervating Fountain;&quot; Orgoglio then attacks him,
+and would have slain him if Duessa had not promised to be his bride.
+Having cast the Red Cross Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his
+bride in most gorgeous array, puts on her head &quot;a triple crown&quot; <i>(the
+tiara of the pope</i>), and sets her on a monster beast with &quot;seven heads&quot;
+<i>(the seven hills of Rome</i>). Una <i>(truth)</i> sends Arthur (England) to
+rescue the captive knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast,
+releases the knight, and strips Duessa of her finery <i>(the
+Reformation</i>); whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her
+shame (canto 7).&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, i. (1590).</p>
+
+<p><i>Duessa</i>, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned
+by Zeal before Queen Mercilla <i>(Elizabeth)</i>, and charged with high
+treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present &quot;her counsels false
+conspired&quot; with Blandamour <i>(earl of Northumberland)</i>, and Paridel
+<i>(earl of Westmoreland</i>), leaders of the insurrection of 1569, as that
+wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now &quot;an untitled
+queen.&quot; When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the Kingdom's Care
+<i>(Lord Burghley)</i> spoke, and opinions were divided. Authority, Law of
+Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but Pity, Danger, Nobility
+of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal then charges the
+prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd impiety; whereupon
+the sentence of the court is given against her. Queen Mercilla, being
+called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed with grief that she rises
+and leaves the court.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 9 (1596).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duff</b> <i>(Jamie)</i>, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's
+funeral.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duke</b> <i>(My lord</i>), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title
+of his master, and is addressed as &quot;Your grace,&quot; or &quot;My lord duke.&quot; He
+was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then a
+duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great
+coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.&mdash;Rev. J. Townley,
+<i>High Life Below Stairs</i> (1763).</p>
+
+<p><i>Duke (The Iron</i>), the duke of Wellington, also called &quot;The Great Duke&quot;
+(1769-1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duke and Duchess</b>, in pt. II. of <i>Don Quixote</i>, who play so many
+sportive tricks on &quot;the Knight of the Woeful Countenance,&quot; were Don
+Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess of
+Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive estates
+on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called Buena'via,
+the place referred to by Cervant&ecirc;s (1615).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duke of Mil'an,</b> a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently in
+imitation of Shakespeare's <i>Othello</i>. &quot;Sforza&quot; is Othollo; &quot;Francesco,&quot;
+Iago: &quot;Marcelia,&quot; Desdemona: and &quot;Eugenia,&quot; Emilia. Sforza &quot;the More&quot;
+[<i>sic</i>] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply returned his love.
+Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord protector of Milan during
+a temporary absence of the duke, tried to corrupt Marcelia; but failing
+in this, accused her to Sforza of wantonness. The duke, believing his
+favorite, slew his beautiful young bride. The cause of Francesco's
+villainy was that the duke had seduced his sister Eugenia.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have &quot;Men's injuries we write in
+brass,&quot; which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, &quot;Men's evil manners
+live in brass, their virtues we write in water.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duke Combe</b>, William Combe, author of <i>Dr. Syntax</i>, and translator
+of <i>The Devil upon Two Sticks</i>, from <i>Le Diable Boiteux</i> of Lesage. He
+was called <i>duke</i> from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his
+table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years of
+his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dulcama'ra</b> <i>(Dr.)</i>, an itinerant physician, noted for his
+pomposity; very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.&mdash;Donizetti,
+<i>L'Elisire d'Amore</i> (1832).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dulcarnon.</b> (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dulcifluous Doctor</b>, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns
+Scotus school (_-1320).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dulcin'ea del Tobo'so,</b> the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was
+a fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don
+was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was
+Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogal&ecirc;s. Sancho Panza
+describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote</i>, I. i. I
+(1605).</p>
+
+&quot;Her flowing hair,&quot; says the knight, &quot;is of<br>
+gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows<br>
+two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of<br>
+glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her<br>
+lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of<br>
+Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands<br>
+are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than<br>
+the new-fallen snow.&quot;<br>
+<br>
+Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?<br>
+'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.<br>
+<i>Don Quixote</i>, I iii. 11 (1605).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dull</b>, a constable.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Du'machus.</b> The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's
+<i>Golden Legend</i>, and the penitent thief is called Titus.</p>
+
+<p>In the apocryphal <i>Gospel of Nicodemis</i>, the impenitent thief is called
+Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.</p>
+
+<p>In the story of <i>Joseph of Arimathea</i>, the impenitent thief is called
+Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.</p>
+
+Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.<br>
+<i>A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves</i>.<br>
+<br>
+Dismas in paradise would dwell,<br>
+But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dumain</b>, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre.
+He agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time
+no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken as
+soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however, he
+proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months and a
+day, hoping by that time &quot;his face would be more bearded,&quot; for, she
+said, &quot;I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say.&quot;</p>
+
+The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth,<br>
+Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;<br>
+Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill;<br>
+For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,<br>
+And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit.<br>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, act ii. sc. I
+(1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Du'marin,</b> the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.&mdash;Spenser,
+<i>Fairy Queen</i>, in. 4.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dumas</b> <i>(Alexandre</i> D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes.</p>
+
+<p>The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty
+do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60
+pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and 60
+in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time, but worked
+without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire year.&mdash;De
+Mirecourt, <i>Dumas P&egrave;re</i> (1867).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dumb Ox</b> <i>(The).</i> St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his
+fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess.
+Sometimes called &quot;The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily.&quot; He was larged-bodied,
+fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald.</p>
+
+Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh<br>
+To see men leaving the golden grain,<br>
+To gather in piles the pitiful chaff<br>
+That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his<br>
+brain,<br>
+To have it caught up and tossed again<br>
+On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne.<br>
+
+<p>Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p>(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called &quot;The Angelic Doctor,&quot; and the
+&quot;Angel of the Schools,&quot; 1224-1274.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dumbiedikes</b> (<i>The old laird of</i>), an exacting landlord, taciturn
+and obstinate.</p>
+
+<p>The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions ...
+but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to think so
+broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden. He regulated,
+indeed, his management of his dependants as carters do their horses,
+never failing to clap an additional brace of hundred-weights on a new
+and willing horse.&mdash;Chap. 8 (1818).</p>
+
+<p><i>The young laird of Dumbiedikes</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), a bashful young laird, in
+love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister,
+Reuben Butler.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dum'merar</b> (<i>The Rev. Dr.</i>), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dummy</b> or SUPERNUMERARY. &quot;Celim&egrave;ne,&quot; in the <i>Pr&eacute;cieuses Ridicules</i>,
+does not utter a single word, although she enters with other characters
+on the stage.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dumtous'tie</b> (<i>Mr. Daniel</i>), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord
+Bladderskate.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dun</b> (<i>Squire</i>), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and
+Jack Ketch.</p>
+
+And presently a halter got,<br>
+Made of the best strong hempen teer,<br>
+And ere a cat could lick his ear,<br>
+Had tied him up with as much art<br>
+As Dun himself could do for's heart.<br>
+
+<p>Cotton, <i>Virgil Travestied</i>, iv. (1677).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dun Cow</b> (<i>The</i>), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was
+the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [<i>middle-fold</i>], Shropshire. Its
+milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her pail,
+wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged the cow
+that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was killed.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at
+Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunbar and March</b> <i>(George, earl of</i>), who deserted to Henry IV. of
+England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's
+eldest son was broken off by court intrigue.</p>
+
+<p><i>Elizabeth Dunbar</i>, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March, betrothed
+to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III. of
+Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal in
+favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and became
+duchess of Rothsay.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duncan</b> &quot;the Meek,&quot; king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and
+grandson of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was
+the son of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and
+Macbeth were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded
+Scotland, the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo,
+and so great was their success that only ten men of the invading army
+were left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth
+in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The
+successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped
+the crown.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Macbeth</i> (1606).</p>
+
+<p><i>Duncan (Captain)</i>, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of
+Buckingham.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).
+<i>Duncan (Duroch)</i>, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunce</b>, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed &quot;Scotus.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In the Gaelic, <i>donas [means]</i> &quot;bad luck&quot; or in contempt, &quot;a poor
+ignorant creature.&quot; The Lowland Scotch has <i>donsie</i>, &quot;unfortunate,
+stupid.&quot;&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries</i>, 225, September 21, 1878.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dun'ciad</b> (&quot;<i>the dunce epic</i>&quot;), a satire by Alexander Pope&mdash;written
+to revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden
+the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley
+Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the
+most important being the &quot;reading of two voluminous works, one in verse
+and the other in prose, without nodding.&quot; King Cibber is then taken to
+the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the goddess. In
+his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the goddess having
+established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and Chaos are restored,
+and the poem ends (1728-42).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dundas</b>, <i>(Starvation)</i>, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So
+called because he introduced into the language the word <i>starvation</i>, in
+a speech on American affairs (1775).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunder</b> <i>(Sir David</i>), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable,
+conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker
+with &quot;Yes, yes, I know it,&quot; or &quot;Be quiet, I know it.&quot; He rarely finishes
+a sentence, but runs on in this style: &quot;Dover is an odd sort of a&mdash;eh?&quot;
+&quot;It is a dingy kind of a&mdash;humph!&quot; &quot;The ladies will be happy to&mdash;eh?&quot; He
+is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he accidentally
+detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent a scandal, he
+sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two lovers, both in
+family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Dunder</i>, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more
+fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers
+cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself. (See
+HARRIET and KITTY.)&mdash;G. Colman, <i>Ways and Means</i> (1788).</p>
+
+<p>William Dowton [1764-1851] played &quot;Sir Anthony Absolute,&quot; &quot;Sir Peter
+Teazle,&quot; &quot;Sir David Dunder,&quot; and &quot;Sir John Falstaff,&quot; and looked the
+very characters he represented.&mdash;W. Donaldson, <i>Recollections</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> &quot;Sir Anthony Absolute,&quot; in <i>The Rivals</i> (Sheridan); &quot;Sir
+Peter Teazle,&quot; in <i>The School for Scandal</i> (Sheridan).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dundrear'y</b> <i>(Lord)</i>, a good natured, indolent, blundering,
+empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece
+entitled <i>Our American Cousin</i>. He is greatly characterized by his
+admiration of &quot;Brother Sam,&quot; for his incapacity to follow out the
+sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who
+differ from him.</p>
+
+<p>(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of
+conception and the genius of his acting.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunios</b> <i>(The count de</i>), in Sir W. Scott's novel of <i>Quentin
+Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunois the Brave</b>, hero of the famous French song, set to music by
+Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called <i>Partant pour
+Syrie</i>. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was:</p>
+
+Que j'aime la plus belle,<br>
+Et sois le plus vaillant!<br>
+
+<p>He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him his
+daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud:</p>
+
+Amour &agrave; la plus belle!<br>
+Honneur an plus vaillant!<br>
+Words by M. de Laborde (1809).<br>
+
+<p><b>Dun'over,</b> a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the
+introduction of <i>The Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunrommath</b>, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off
+Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul, son
+of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight.</p>
+
+<p>Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But the
+spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his head as
+it bended in death.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Oithoha</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Duns Scotus</b>, called &quot;The Subtle Doctor,&quot; said to have been born at
+Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308).</p>
+
+<p>John Scotus, called <i>Erigena</i> (&quot;Erin-born&quot;), is quite another person
+(_-886). Erigena is sometimes called &quot;Scotus the Wise,&quot; and lived four
+centuries before &quot;The Subtle Doctor.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dun-Shunner</b> <i>(Augustus)</i>, a <i>nom de plnme</i> of Professor William
+Edmonstoune Aytoun, in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> (1813-1865).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duns'tan</b> <i>(St.)</i>, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was
+a smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury
+Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a
+gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the nose
+with a pair of red-hot forceps.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dunthal'mo,</b> lord of Teutha <i>(the Tweed).</i> He went &quot;in his pride
+against Rathmor,&quot; chief of Clutha (<i>the Clyde</i>), but being overcome,
+&quot;his rage arose,&quot; and he went &quot;by night with his warriors&quot; and slew
+Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons
+(Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them up.
+&quot;They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars.&quot; But
+observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be suspicious
+of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of
+the Tweed, where neither &quot;the sun penetrated by day nor the moon by
+night.&quot; Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a young
+warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the court
+of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal sent his
+son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo, hearing of
+their approach, gathered together his strength and slew Colmar. He also
+seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound him to an oak. At
+daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo, and having released
+Calthon, &quot;gave him to the white-bosomed Colmal.&quot;&mdash;Ossian, <i>Calthon and
+Colmal</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dupeley</b> (<i>Sir Charles</i>), a man who prided himself on his
+discernment of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in
+matrimony; but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an
+unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her.</p>
+
+&quot;I should like to see the woman,&quot; he says,<br>
+&quot;that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman<br>
+...and at the first glance I will discover the<br>
+whole extent of her artifice.&quot;&mdash;Burgoyne, <i>The<br>
+Maid of the Oaks</i>, i. I.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dupr&egrave;</b> [<i>Du.Pray</i>'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his
+master in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets
+of Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property.
+Dupr&egrave; repents and confesses the crime.&mdash;Th. Holcroft, <i>The Deaf and
+Dumb</i> (1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>Duran'dal,</b> the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So
+admirable was its temper that it would &quot;cleave the Pyrenees at a
+blow.&quot;&mdash;Ariosto, <i>Orlando Furioso</i> (1516)</p>
+
+<p><b>Durandar'te</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), a knight who fell
+at Roncesvall&ecirc;s (<i>4 syl</i>.). Durandart&ecirc; loved
+Belerma whom he served for seven years,
+and was then slain; but in dying he requested
+his cousin Montesi'nos to take his
+heart to Belerma.</p>
+
+Sweet in manners, fair in favor,<br>
+Mild in temper, fierce in fight.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Lewis.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Dur'den</b> <i>(Dame)</i>, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five
+men-servants &quot;to use the spade and flail,&quot; and five women-servants &quot;to
+carry the milken-pail.&quot; The five men loved the five maids. Their names
+were:</p>
+
+Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail;<br>
+John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>A Well-known Glee</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>(In <i>Bleak House</i>, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called
+&quot;Dame Durden.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Duretete</b> <i>(Captain)</i>, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in
+gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies, and
+for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully <i>[Dure-tait,
+Be-zar'].</i>&mdash;G. Farquhar, <i>The Inconstant</i> (1702).</p>
+
+<p><b>Durinda'na,</b> Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi.
+This sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Charlemagne's sword &quot;Joyeuse&quot; was also buried with him, and
+&quot;Tizo'na&quot; was buried with the Cid.</p>
+
+<p><b>Duroti'ges</b> (4. <i>syl</i>.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire)
+came the Durotig&ecirc;s, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum
+(<i>Dorchester</i>), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (<i>Portland
+Isle</i>).&mdash;Richard of Cireneestre, <i>Ancient State of Britain</i>, vi. 15.</p>
+
+<p>The Durotig&ecirc;s on the Dorsetian sand.</p>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xvi. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Durward</b> (<i>Quentin</i>), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott.
+Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed <i>LeBalafr&eacute;</i>).
+He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in the
+pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a
+boar-hunt. When L&egrave;igeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward and
+the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess
+publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orl&egrave;ans, and ultimately marries the
+young Scotchman.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dusronnal,</b> one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish
+tribes. The other was &quot;Sulin-Sifadda&quot; (<i>q. v.</i>).</p>
+
+Before the left side of the car is seen the<br>
+snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed,<br>
+strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill.<br>
+His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of<br>
+the sword ... the [<i>two</i>] steeds like wreaths of<br>
+mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is<br>
+in their course, the strength of eagles descending<br>
+on the prey.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i> i.<br>
+
+<p><b>Dutch School</b> of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and
+truthfullness to life:&mdash;For <i>Portraits</i>: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals,
+and Vanderhelst.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>Conversation pieces</i>: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and
+Netscher.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>low life</i>: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>landscapes</i>: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (<i>moonlight
+scenes</i>), Berchem and A. Both.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>battle scenes</i>: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>marine pieces</i>: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen.</p>
+
+<p>For <i>still life and flowers</i>: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De
+Heem.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dutch Housewifery.</b> In his papers upon <i>Old New York</i> (1846), John
+Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers.</p>
+
+&quot;The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was<br>
+always extreme. Everything had to submit to<br>
+scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could<br>
+be endured by them, and dear as water was in<br>
+the city, where it was generally sold, still it was<br>
+in perpetual requisition. It was their honest<br>
+pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing<br>
+copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for<br>
+ornament rather than for use. In all this they<br>
+differed widely from the Germans, a people with<br>
+whom they have been erroneously and often<br>
+confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not<br>
+more different. As water draws one it repels<br>
+the other.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Dutton</b> (<i>Mrs. Dolly</i>), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dwarf.</b> The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids.</p>
+
+<p>ARISTRATOS, the poet. &quot;So small,&quot; says Athenaeos, &quot;that no one could see
+him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>BEBE (2 <i>syl</i>), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of Poland
+(died 1764). BORUWLASKI (<i>Count Joseph</i>), 2 feet 4 inches. Died aged 98
+(1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs.</p>
+
+<p>BUCHINGER (<i>Matthew</i>), who had no arms or legs, but <i>fins</i> from the
+shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy.
+Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born
+1674-_).</p>
+
+<p>CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant.</p>
+
+<p>COLO'BRI (<i>Prince</i>), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851).</p>
+
+<p>CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of Augustus.</p>
+
+<p>COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III. The
+last court-dwarf in England.</p>
+
+<p>CRACHAMI (<i>Caroline</i>), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her
+skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824).</p>
+
+<p>DECKER or DUCKER (<i>John</i>), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610).</p>
+
+<p>FARREL (<i>Owen</i>), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous
+strength (died 1742).</p>
+
+<p>FERRY (<i>Nicholas</i>), usually called B&eacute;b&eacute;, contemporary with Boruwlaski.
+He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died 1737).</p>
+
+<p>GIBSON (<i>Richard</i>) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet.
+Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs in
+the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his presence;
+and they had nine children (1615-1690).</p>
+
+Design or chance makes others wive,<br>
+But Nature did this match contrive.<br>
+<br>
+Waller (1642).<br>
+
+<p>HUDSON (<i>Sir Jeffrey</i>), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in
+Rutlandshire (1619&mdash;1678).</p>
+
+<p>LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus.
+PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that &quot;he wore leaden shoes to prevent being
+blown away by the wind&quot; (died B.C. 280).</p>
+
+<p>PHILIPS (<i>Calvin</i>) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not thicker
+than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts, in 1791.</p>
+
+<p>RITCHIE (<i>David</i>), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale.</p>
+
+<p>SOUVRAY (<i>Therese</i>).</p>
+
+<p>STOBEUIN (<i>C.H.</i>) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20.
+His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium
+height.</p>
+
+<p>THUMB (<i>General Tom</i>). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25 inches;
+weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, in
+1832.</p>
+
+<p>THUMB (<i>Tom</i>), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf.</p>
+
+<p>XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf &quot;not
+bigger than a partridge.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Dwarf</i> of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse,
+which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon of of
+Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried Valentine
+to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of Constantinople.
+<i>Valentine and Orson</i> (fifteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Dwarf</i> (<i>The Black</i>), a fairy of malignant propensities, and considered
+the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In Sir W. Scott's
+novel so called, this imp is introduced under various <i>aliases</i>, as Sir
+Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie, and the Wise Wight
+of Micklestane Moor.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dwarf Alberich</b>, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice
+vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of
+invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.&mdash;<i>The Niebelungen
+Lied</i> (1210).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dwarf Peter,</b> an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is
+a castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice
+turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is
+meant for &quot;the law in our members, which wars against the law of our
+minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Dwining</b> (<i>Henbane</i>), a pottingar or apothecary.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Dying Sayings</b> (real or traditional):</p>
+
+<p>ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! <i>or</i> See in what peace a Christian
+can die!</p>
+
+<p>ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday.</p>
+
+<p>[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful.</p>
+
+<p>[&ccedil;] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in
+life.)&mdash;Cicero.</p>
+
+<p>BEAUFORT (<i>Cardinal Henry</i>). I pray you all, pray for me.</p>
+
+<p>BERRY (<i>Mde. de</i>). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness?</p>
+
+<p>BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is
+will. (He died standing.)</p>
+
+<p>BYRON. I must sleep now.</p>
+
+<p>[&sect;] C&AElig;SAR (<i>Julius</i>). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.)</p>
+
+<p>[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p>
+
+<p>CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of
+Canterbury).</p>
+
+<p>CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne).</p>
+
+<p>CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus!</p>
+
+<p>CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I
+have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (<i>The Princess</i>). You make me
+drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head.</p>
+
+<p>CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair.</p>
+
+<p>COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit!</p>
+
+<p>CROME (<i>John</i>), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!</p>
+
+<p>CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone.</p>
+
+<p>[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is over.&mdash;Lucian.</p>
+
+<p>ELDEN (<i>Lord</i>). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather be
+cold or hot.</p>
+
+<p>FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living
+longer.</p>
+
+<p>FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy.</p>
+
+<p>GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the company.</p>
+
+<p>GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have deceived
+me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller).</p>
+
+<p>GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!</p>
+
+<p>[&para;] GOETHE. More light!</p>
+
+<p>GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die in
+exile.</p>
+
+<p>[*] GREY (<i>Lady Jane</i>). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p>
+
+<p>GROTIUS. Be serious.</p>
+
+<p>HADYN. God preserve the emperor!</p>
+
+<p>HALLER. The artery ceases to beat.</p>
+
+<p>HAZLITT. I have led a happy life.</p>
+
+<p>HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage&mdash;a great leap in the dark.</p>
+
+<p>[||] HUNTER (<i>Dr. William</i>). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would
+write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die.</p>
+
+<p>IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen.</p>
+
+<p>JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass
+(<i>i.e.</i> the Scotch crown).</p>
+
+<p>JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my
+country.</p>
+
+<p>JOHNSON (<i>Dr.</i>). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris).</p>
+
+<p>KNOX. Now it is come.</p>
+
+<p>LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: &quot;He turned his face to the wall; and
+twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (<i>out, out</i>), and then died.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord.</p>
+
+<p>[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever? (Then
+after a pause) I thought dying had been harder.</p>
+
+<p>[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing.</p>
+
+<p>MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of
+paradise.</p>
+
+<p>MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie! qu'on
+ne m'en parle plus.</p>
+
+<p>MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your father.</p>
+
+<p>[&sect;] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.)</p>
+
+<p>MATHEWS (<i>Charles</i>). I am ready.</p>
+
+<p>MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music.</p>
+
+<p>MOODY (the actor):</p>
+
+Reason thus with life,<br>
+If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing<br>
+That none but fools would keep.<br>
+<br>
+Shakespeare.<br>
+
+<p>MOORE (<i>Sir John</i>). I hope my country will do me justice.</p>
+
+<p>NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! T&ecirc;te d'arm&eacute;e!</p>
+
+<p>NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.)</p>
+
+<p>NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty.</p>
+
+<p>NERO. Qualis artifex pereo!</p>
+
+<p>PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he said
+on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From <i>The
+Stranger</i>.)</p>
+
+<p>PITT (<i>William</i>). O, my country, how I love thee!</p>
+
+<p>PIZARRO. Jesu!</p>
+
+<p>POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue.</p>
+
+<p>[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over.</p>
+
+<p>SAND (<i>George</i>). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, &quot;Leave the tomb green, do
+not cover it over with bricks or stone.&quot; George Sand was Mde. Dudevant.)</p>
+
+<p>SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding.</p>
+
+<p>SCOTT (<i>Sir Walter</i>). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY
+(<i>Algernon</i>). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old
+cause.</p>
+
+<p>SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to &AElig;sculapius.</p>
+
+<p>STAEL (<i>Mde. de</i>). I have loved God, my father, and liberty.</p>
+
+<p>[&para;] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see.</p>
+
+<p>[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!</p>
+
+<p>THURLOW (<i>Lord</i>). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying.</p>
+
+<p>[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing.</p>
+
+<p>WEBSTER. I still live!</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician).</p>
+
+<p>WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor nation!
+(This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584).</p>
+
+<p>WOLFE (<i>General</i>). What! do they run already? Then I die happy.</p>
+
+<p>WYATT (<i>Thomas</i>) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say is
+true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the
+Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged
+her to be innocent.)</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that
+the &quot;dying words&quot; ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus the
+[*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show that
+their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and
+Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [&sect;] before
+C&aelig;sar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.;
+and the [&para;] before Goethe and Talma.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dys'colus,</b> Moroseness personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by
+Phineas Fletcher (1633). &quot;He nothing liked or praised.&quot; Fully described
+in canto viii. (Greek, <i>duskolos</i>, &quot;fretful.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Dysmas, Dismas, or Demas</b>, the penitent thief crucified with our
+Lord. The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas.</p>
+
+Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Part of a Charm</i>.<br>
+<br>
+To paradise thief Dismas went,<br>
+But Gesmas died impenitent.<br>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b><img border="0" src="images/E.jpg" width="191" height="192" align="left" alt="e.jpg"></b></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b>ADBURGH,</b> daughter of
+Edward the Elder, king of
+England, and Eadgifu, his
+wife. When three years
+old, her father placed on
+the child some rings and
+bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a
+book of the Gospels, asking which she
+would have. The child chose the chalice
+and book, and Edward was pleased that
+&quot;the child would be a daughter of God.&quot;
+She became a nun, and lived and died in
+Winchester.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eagle</b> (<i>The</i>), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war,
+the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but Marius
+abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called emphatically
+&quot;The Roman Bird.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Eagle (The Theban)</i>, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eagle of Brittany</b>, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France
+(1320-1380).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eagle of Divines</b>, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eagle of Meaux</b> [<i>Mo</i>], Jacques B&eacute;nigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux
+(1627-1704).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eagle of the Doctors of France</b>, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer,
+who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425).</p>
+
+<p><b>Earnscliffe</b> (<i>Patrick</i>), the young laird of Earnscliffe.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Black Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eastward Ho!</b> a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this
+drama the three authors were imprisoned &quot;for disrespect to their
+sovereign lord, King James I.&quot; (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!).</p>
+
+<p><b>Easty</b> (<i>Mary</i>), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft,
+sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her innocence.
+Of her accusers she says: &quot;I know, and the Lord, He knows (as will
+shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not but they do
+others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts knows, as I
+shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the least thing of
+witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie my own soul.&quot;&mdash;Robert
+Caleb, <i>More Wonders of the Invisible World</i> (1700).</p>
+
+<p><b>Easy</b> (<i>Midshipman</i>), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name.</p>
+
+<p><i>Easy (Sir Charles)</i>, a man who hates trouble; &quot;so lazy, even in his
+pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than go
+through any trouble in securing or keeping her.&quot; He says he is resolved
+in future to &quot;follow no pleasure that rises above the degree of
+amusement.&quot; &quot;When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and
+usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds,
+and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and I
+would as soon converse with my solicitor.&quot; (act iii.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Lady Easy</i>, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows all
+his &quot;naughty ways,&quot; but never shows the slightest indication of
+ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.&mdash;Colley
+Cibber, <i>The Careless Husband</i> (1704).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eaton Theophilus</b> (<i>Governor</i>). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton,
+Dr. Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent
+Christian man between stoicism and resignation.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid
+senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission
+thereunto.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In his daily life&quot;, we are told, &quot;he was affable, courteous, and
+generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and
+circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that it
+became a proverb for incontestable truth,&quot;&mdash;&quot;Governor Eaton said
+it.&quot;&mdash;Cotton Mather, <i>Magnolia Christi Americana</i> (1702).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eberson</b> (<i>Ear</i>), the young son of William de la Marck, &quot;The Wild
+Boar of Ardennes.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Quentin Durward</i> (time, Edward IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eblis</b>, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but,
+refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he
+was called Aza'zel. The <i>Kor&acirc;n</i> says: &quot;When We [<i>God</i>] said unto the
+angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused
+... and became of the number of unbelievers&quot; (ch. ii.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ebon Spear</b> (<i>Knight of the</i>), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of
+Wales.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ebrauc</b>, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king
+of England. He built Kaer-brauc [<i>York</i>], about the time that David
+reigned in Judea.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, ii. 7 (1142).</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Ebrauk's powerful hand</span><br>
+York lifts her towers aloft.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br>
+
+<p><b>Ecclesiastical History</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Eusebius of C&aelig;sarea
+(264-340).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">His <i>Historia Fcclesiastica</i>, in ten books, begins with
+the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by
+Constantine, A.D. 324.</p>
+
+<p><b>Echeph'ron,</b> an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King
+Picrochole (3 <i>syl</i>.), by relating to them the fable of <i>The Man and his
+Ha'p'orth of Milk</i>. The fable is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make
+butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the
+calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob;
+only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to
+bed.&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, i. 33 (1533.)</p>
+
+<p>This fable is told in the <i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;The Barber's Fifth Brother,
+Alnas-char.&quot;) Lafontaine has put it into verse, <i>Perrette et le Pot au
+Lait</i>. Dodsley has the same, <i>The Milk-maid and her Pail of Milk</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Echo</b>, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in
+Ossian echo is called &quot;the son of the rock.&quot;&mdash;<i>Songs of Selma.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Eck'hart</b> <i>(The Trusty</i>), a good servant, who perishes to save his
+master's children from the mountain fiends.&mdash;Louis Tieck.</p>
+
+<p>(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eclecta</b>, the &quot;Elect&quot; personified in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas
+Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta <i>(free-will)</i>, and
+ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, &quot;the bridegroom&quot; (canto
+xii., 1633).</p>
+
+<p>But let the Kentish lad [<i>Phineas Fletcher</i>] ... that sung and crowned
+Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be the
+sweet pipe.</p>
+
+<p>Giles Fletcher, <i>Christ's Triumph, etc</i>, (1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>&Eacute;cole des Femmes</b>, a comedy of Moli&egrave;re, the plot of which is
+borrowed from the novelletti of <i>Ser Giovanni</i> (1378.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ector</b> (<i>Sir</i>), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and
+foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal or
+steward of Arthur when he became king.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of
+Prince Arthur</i>, i. 3 (1470.)</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct persons.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ector de Maris</b> (<i>Sir</i>), brother &quot;of Sir Launcelot&quot; of Benwick,
+<i>i.e.</i> Brittany.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from him, and
+... he fell down in a swoon; and when he awaked, it were hard for any
+tongue to tell the doleful complaints [<i>lamentations</i>] that he made for
+his brother. &quot;Ah, Sir Launcelot&quot; said he &quot;head of all Christian
+knights.&quot; ... etc.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 176
+(1470.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eden</b> (<i>A Journey to the land of</i>), Col. William Evelyn Byrd of
+Westover Virginia gives this name to a tract of Southern Virginia
+surveyed under his direction and visited by him in one of his numerous
+expeditions for the good of the young colony.</p>
+
+<p>(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own ground the cities of Richmond and
+Petersburgh, Va.)&mdash;William Evelyn Byrd, <i>Westover MSS.</i> (1728-39).</p>
+
+<p><i>Eden</i>, in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally
+proved fatal to the poor dupes who were induced to settle there through
+the swindling transactions of General Scadder and General Choke. So
+dismal and dangerous was the place, that even Mark Tapley was satisfied
+to have found at last a place where he could &quot;come out jolly with
+credit.&quot;&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1844).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edenhall</b> (<i>The Luck of</i>) an old painted goblet, left by the fairies
+on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Edenhall. The superstition is
+that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more luck
+in the family. The goblet is in possession of Sir Christopher Musgrave,
+bart. Edenhall, Cumberland.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Longfellow has a poem on <i>The Luck of Edenhall</i>,
+translated from Uhland.</p>
+
+<p><b>Edgar</b> (959-775), &quot;king of all the English,&quot; was not crowned till he
+had reigned thirteen years (A.D. 973). Then the ceremony was performed
+at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal kings
+came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to him by
+land and sea. The eight are Kenneth (<i>king of Scots</i>), Malcolm (<i>of
+Cumberland</i>), Maccus (<i>of the Isles</i>), and five Welsh princes, whose
+names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight kings
+rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester to St.
+John's, where they offered prayer and then returned.</p>
+
+At Chester, while he, [<i>Edgar</i>] lived at more than kingly charge.<br>
+Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his barge.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br>
+
+<p><i>Edgar</i>, son of Gloucester, and his lawful heir. He was disinherited by
+Edmund, natural son of the earl.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This was one of the characters of Robert Wilks
+(1670-1732), and also of Charles Kemble (1774-1854).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edgar</i>, master of Ravenswood, son of Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed
+Scotch nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked by a wild bull, is saved
+by Edgar, who shoots it; and the two falling in love with each other,
+plight their mutual troth, and exchange love-tokens at the &quot;Mermaid's
+Fountain.&quot; While Edgar is absent in France on State affairs, Sir William
+Ashton, being deprived of his office as lord keeper, is induced to
+promise his daughter Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston, laird of
+Bucklaw, and they are married; but next morning, Bucklaw is found
+wounded and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies in
+convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar is lost in the
+quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an ancient prophecy. Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Bride of Lammermoor</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">In the opera, Edgar is made to stab himself.</p>
+
+<p><i>Edgar</i>, an attendant on Prince Robert of Scotland.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair
+Maid of Perth</i> (time Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edgardo</b>, master of Ravenswood, in love with Lucia di Lammermoor
+[<i>Lucy Ashton</i>]. While absent in France on State affairs, the lady is
+led to believe him faithless, and consents to marry the laird of
+Bucklaw; but she stabs him on the bridal night, goes mad, and dies.
+Edgardo also stabs himself. Donizetti, <i>Lucia di Lammermoor</i> (1835).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In the novel called <i>The Bride of Lammermoor</i>, by Sir W. Scott,
+Edgar is lost in the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an
+ancient prophecy.</p>
+
+<p><b>Edgewood</b> (<i>L'Abbe</i>), who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was
+called &quot;Mons. de Firmount,&quot; a corruption of Fairymount, in Longford
+(Ireland), where the Edgeworths had extensive domains.</p>
+
+<p><b>Edging</b> (<i>Mistress</i>), a prying, mischief making waiting-woman, in
+<i>The Careless Husband</i>, by Colly Cibber (1704.) <b>Edith</b> (<i>Leete</i>).
+Name of the two girls beloved and won by Julian West in his first and
+second lives.&mdash;Edward Bellamy, <i>Looking Backward</i> (1888).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edith</i>, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor of Rollo and Otto, dukes of
+Normandy.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Bloody Brother</i> (1639).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edith</i>, the &quot;maid of Lorn&quot; (<i>Argyllshire</i>), was on the point of being
+married to Lord Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel Bruce sought
+shelter at the castle. Edith's brother recognized Robert Bruce, and
+being in the English interest a quarrel ensued. The abbot refused to
+marry the bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith fled and in the
+character of a page had many adventures, but at the restoration of
+peace, after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly married to Lord
+Ronald.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Lord of the Isles</i> (1815).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edith (the lady)</i>, mother of Athelstane &quot;the Unready&quot; (thane of
+Conningsburgh).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edith</i> [GRANGER], daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton, married at the age
+of 18 to Colonel Granger of &quot;Ours,&quot; who died within two years, when
+Edith and her mother lived as adventuresses. Edith became Mr. Dombey's
+second wife, but the marriage was altogether an unhappy one, and she
+eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, where she left him, having taken this
+foolish step merely to annoy her husband for the slights to which he had
+subjected her. On leaving Carker she went to live with her cousin
+Feenix, in the south of England.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Dombey and Son</i> (1846).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edith Plantagenet</b> (<i>The lady</i>), called &quot;The Fair Maid of Anjou,&quot; a
+kinswoman of Richard I., and attendant of Queen Berenga'ria. She married
+David, earl of Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), and is introduced
+by Sir W. Scott in <i>The Talisman</i> (1825).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edmund</b>, natural son of the earl of Gloucester. Both Goneril and
+Regan (daughters of King Lear) were in love with him. Regan, on the
+death of her husband, designed to marry Edmund, but Goneril, out of
+jealousy, poisoned her sister Regan.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>King Lear</i> (1605).</p>
+
+<p><i>Edmund Andros</i>. In a letter to English friends (1698) Nathaniel Byfield
+writes particulars of the revolt in the New England Colonies against the
+royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros.</p>
+
+&quot;We have, also, advice that on Friday last<br>
+Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an<br>
+escape in woman's apparel, and passed two<br>
+guards and was stopped at the third, being discovered<br>
+by his shoes, not having changed<br>
+them.&quot; Nathaniel Byfield.&mdash;<i>An Account of the<br>
+Late Revolution in New England</i> (1689).<br>
+
+<p><i>Edmund Dante</i> (See MONTE CRISTO).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edo'nian Bane</b> (<i>The</i>), priestesses and other ministers of Bacchus,
+so called from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, where the rites of the
+wine-god were celebrated.</p>
+
+Accept the rites your bounty well may claim,<br>
+Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band.<br>
+<br>
+Akinside, <i>Hymn to the Naiads</i> (1767).<br>
+
+<p><b>Edric</b>, a domestic at Hereward's barracks.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count
+Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edward</b>, brother of Hereward the Varangian guard. He was slain in
+battle.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus). <i>Edward
+(Sir).</i> He commits a murder, and keeps a narrative of the transaction in
+an iron chest. Wilford, a young man who acts as his secretary, was one
+day caught prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's first impulse was to
+kill him; but on second thought he swore the young man to secrecy, and
+told him the story of the murder. Wilford, unable to live under the
+suspicious eye of Sir Edward, ran away; but was hunted down by Edward,
+and accused of robbery. The whole transaction now became public, and
+Wilford was acquitted.&mdash;G. Colman, <i>The Iron Chest</i> (1796).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This drama is based on Goodwin's novel of <i>Caleb Williams</i>.
+&quot;Williams&quot; is called <i>Wilford</i> in the drama, and &quot;Falkland&quot; is called
+<i>Sir Edward</i>.</p>
+
+Sowerby, whose mind was always in a ferment,<br>
+was wont to commit the most ridiculous<br>
+mistakes. Thus when &quot;Sir Edward&quot; says to<br>
+&quot;Wilford,&quot; &quot;You may have noticed in my<br>
+library a chest,&quot; he transposes the words thus:<br>
+&quot;You may have noticed in my chest a library,&quot;<br>
+and the house was convulsed with laughter.&mdash;<br>
+Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i> (appendix).<br>
+
+<p><b>Edward II.</b>, a tragedy by C. Marlowe (1592), imitated by Shakespeare
+in his <i>Richard II</i>. (1597). Probably most readers would prefer
+Marlowe's noble tragedy to Shakespeare's.</p>
+
+<p><b>Edward IV.</b> of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel
+entitled <i>Anne</i> of <i>Geierstein</i> (1829).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edward the Black Prince</b>, a tragedy by W. Shirley (1640). The
+subject of this drama is the victory of Poitiers.</p>
+
+Yes, Philip lost the battle [<i>Cressy</i>] with the odds<br>
+Of three to one. In this [<i>Poitiers</i>]...<br>
+The have our numbers more than twelve times<br>
+told,<br>
+If we can trust report.<br>
+<br>
+Act iii. 2.<br>
+
+<p><b>Ed'widge,</b> wife of William Tell.&mdash;Rossini,
+<i>Guglielmo Tell</i> (1829).</p>
+
+<p><b>Edwin</b> &quot;the minstrel,&quot; a youth living in romantic seclusion, with a
+great thirst for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days in the north
+countrie, and fed his flocks on Scotia's mountains.</p>
+
+And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye,</span><br>
+Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy;</span><br>
+Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy ...<br>
+And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why.<br>
+The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">lad;</span><br>
+<br>
+Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some believed<br>
+him mad.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Beattie, <i>The Minstrel</i>, 1. (1773).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Edwin and Angeli'na.</b> Angelina was the daughter of a wealthy lord,
+&quot;beside the Tyne.&quot; Her hand was sought in marriage by many suitors,
+amongst whom was Edwin, &quot;who had neither wealth nor power, but he had
+both wisdom and worth.&quot; Angelina loved him, but &quot;trifled with him,&quot; and
+Edwin, in despair, left her and retired from the world. One day,
+Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospitality at a hermit's cell; she
+was kindly entertained, told her tale, and the hermit proved to be
+Edwin. From that hour they never parted more.&mdash;Goldsmith, <i>The Hermit.</i></p>
+
+<p>A correspondent accuses me of having taken this ballad from <i>The Friar
+of Orders Gray</i> ... but if there is any resemblance between the two, Mr.
+Percy's ballad is taken from mine. I read my ballad to Mr. Percy, and he
+told me afterwards that he had taken my plan to form the fragments of
+Shakespeare into a ballad of his own.&mdash;Signed, O. Goldsmith, 1767.</p>
+
+<p><b>Edwin and Emma.</b> Emma was a rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved
+Edwin &quot;the pride of swains;&quot; but Edwin's sister, out of envy, induced
+his father, &quot;a sordid man,&quot; to forbid any intercourse between Edwin and
+the cottage. Edwin pined away, and being on the point of death,
+requested he might be allowed to see Emma. She came and said to him, &quot;My
+Edwin, live for me;&quot; but on her way home she heard the death bell toll.
+She just contrived to reach her cottage door, cried to her mother, &quot;He's
+gone!&quot; and fell down dead at her feet.&mdash;Mallet, <i>Edwin and Emma</i> (a
+ballad).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ed'yrn,</b> son of Nudd. He ousted the earl of Yn'iol from his earldom,
+and tried to to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing in this,
+became the evil genius of the gentle earl. Ultimately, being sent to the
+court of King Arthur, he became quite a changed man&mdash;from a malicious
+&quot;sparrow-hawk&quot; he was converted into a courteous gentleman.&mdash;Tennyson,
+<i>Idylls of the King</i> (&quot;Enid&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Efeso</b> (<i>St</i>.), a saint honored in Pisa. He was a Roman officer
+[<i>Ephesus</i>] in the service of Diocletian, whose reign was marked by a
+great persecution of the Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was appointed
+to see the decree of the emperor against the obnoxious sect carried out
+in the island of Sardinia; but being warned in a dream not to persecute
+the servants of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito embraced
+Christianity, and received a standard from Michael the archangel
+himself. On one occasion, being taken captive, St. Efeso was cast into a
+furnace of fire, but received no injury; whereas those who cast him in
+were consumed by the flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and Potito suffered
+martyrdom, and were buried in the island of Sardinia. When, however,
+that island was conquered by Pisa in the eleventh century, the relics of
+the two martyrs were carried off and interred in the duomo of Pisa, and
+the banner of St. Efeso was thenceforth adopted as the national ensign
+of Pisa.</p>
+
+<p><b>Egalit&eacute;</b> (<i>Philippe</i>), the duc d'Orl&eacute;ans, father of Louis Philippe,
+king of France. He himself assumed this &quot;title&quot; when he joined the
+revolutionary party, whose motto was &quot;Liberty, Fraternity, and Egalit&eacute;&quot;
+(born 1747, guillotined 1793).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ege'us</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), father of Her'mia. He summoned her before
+The'seus (2 <i>syl</i>.), duke of Athens, because she refused to marry
+Demetrius, to whom he had promised her in marriage; and he requested
+that she might either be compelled to marry him or else be dealt with
+&quot;according to law,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> &quot;either to die the death,&quot; or else to &quot;endure
+the livery of a nun, and live a barren sister all her life.&quot; Hermia
+refused to submit to an &quot;unwished yoke,&quot; and fled from Athens with
+Lysander. Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked him but that Hel'ena
+doted on him, consented to abandon the one and wed the other. When Eg&euml;us
+was informed thereof, he withdrew his summons, and gave his consent to
+the union of his daughter with Lysander.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Midsummer
+Night's Dream</i> (1592).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">S. Knowles, in <i>The Wife</i>, makes the plot turn on a
+similar &quot;law of marriage&quot; (1833).</p>
+
+<p><b>E'gil</b>, brother of Weland; a great archer. One day, King Nidung
+commanded him to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son.
+Egil selected two arrows, and being asked why he wanted two, replied,
+&quot;One to shoot thee with, O tyrant, if I fail.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>(This is one of the many stories similar to that of <i>William Tell,
+q.v.</i>) <b>Egilo'na,</b> the wife of Roderick, last of the Gothic kings of
+Spain. She was very beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond of pomp.
+After the fall of Roderick, Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the Moorish
+governor of Spain; and when Abdal-Aziz was killed by the Moorish rebels,
+Egilona fell also.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The popular rage</span><br>
+Fell on them both; and they to whom her name<br>
+Had been a mark for mockery and reproach,<br>
+Shuddered with human horror at her fate.<br>
+<br>
+Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xxii. (1814).<br>
+
+<p><b>Eg'Ia,</b> a female Moor, a servant to Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the
+covetous lawyer).&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Spanish Curate</i> (1622).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eg'lamour</b> (<i>Sir</i>) or SIR EGLAMORE of Artoys, a knight of Arthurian
+romance. Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have no French original,
+although the names themselves are French.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eg'lamour</i>, the person who aids Silvia, daughter of the duke of Milan,
+in her escape.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Two Gentlemen of Verona</i> (1594).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eglantine</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.). daughter of King Pepin, and bride of her
+cousin Valentine (brother of Orson). She soon died.&mdash;<i>Valentine and
+Orson</i> (fifteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Eglantine (Madame)</i>, the prioress; good-natured, wholly ignorant of the
+world, vain of her delicacy of manner at table, and fond of lap-dogs.
+Her dainty oath was &quot;By Saint Eloy!&quot; She &quot;entuned the service swetely in
+her nose,&quot; and spoke French &quot;after the scole of Stratford-atte-Bowe.&quot;
+&mdash;Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (1388).</p>
+
+<p><b>Egmont.</b> Dutch patriot executed by order of Philip II. of
+Spain.&mdash;Goethe's <i>Egmont</i> (1788).</p>
+
+<p><b>Egypt</b>, in Dryden's satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, means
+France.</p>
+
+Egypt and Tyrus [<i>Holland</i>] intercept your<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">trade.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Part i. (1681).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Egyptian Princess.</b> Nitetis, the real daughter of Hophra, king of
+Egypt, and the assumed daughter of Amases, his successor. She was sent
+to Persia, as the bride of Cambyses, the king, but before their
+marriage, was falsely accused of infidelity, and committed
+suicide.&mdash;George Ebers, <i>An Egyptian Princess</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Egyptian Thief</b> (<i>The</i>), Thyamis, a native of Memphis. Knowing he
+must die, he tried to kill Chariclea, the woman he loved.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Why should I not, had I the heart to do it,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kill what I love?</span><br>
+Shakespeare, <i>Twelth Night</i>, act v. sc. 1 (1614).<br>
+
+<p><b>Eighth Wonder</b> (<i>The</i>). When Gil Blas reached Pennaflor, a parasite
+entered his room in the inn, hugged him with great energy, and called
+him the &quot;eighth wonder.&quot; When Gil Blas replied that he did not know his
+name had spread so far, the parasite exclaimed, &quot;How! we keep a register
+of all the celebrated names within twenty leagues, and have no doubt
+Spain will one day be as proud of you as Greece was of the seven sages.&quot;
+After this, Gil Blas could do no less than ask the man to sup with him.
+Omelet after omelet was despatched, trout was called for, bottle
+followed bottle, and when the parasite was gorged to satiety, he rose
+and said, &quot;Signor Gil Blas, don't believe yourself to be the eighth
+wonder of the world because a hungry man would feast by flattering your
+vanity.&quot; So saying, he stalked away with a laugh.&mdash;Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>,
+i. 2 (1715).</p>
+
+<p>(This incident is copied from Aleman's romance of <i>Guzman d' Alfarache,
+q.v.</i>)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eikon Basil'ik&ecirc;</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the portraiture of a king <i>(i.e.</i>
+Charles I.), once attributed to King Charles himself; but now admitted
+to be the production of Dr. John Gauden, who (after the restoration) was
+first created Bishop of Exeter, and then of Worcester (1605-1662).</p>
+
+<p>In the <i>Eikon Basilik&ecirc;</i> a strain of majestic
+melancholy is kept up, but the personated sovereign
+is rather too theatrical for real nature,
+the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the
+periods too artificially elaborated.&mdash;Hallam, <i>Literature
+of Europe</i>, iii. 662.</p>
+
+<p>(Milton wrote his <i>Eikonoclas&ecirc;ts</i> in answer
+to Dr. Gauden's <i>Eikon Baslik&ecirc;</i>.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Einer'iar,</b> the hall of Odin, and asylum of warriors slain in
+battle. It had 540 gates, each sufficiently wide to admit eight men
+abreast to pass through.&mdash;<i>Scandinavian Mythology.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Einion</b> (<i>Father</i>), Chaplain to Gwenwyn Prince of Powys-land.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eiros.</b> Imaginary personage, who in the other world holds converse
+with &quot;Charmion&quot; upon the tragedy that has wrecked the world. The cause
+of the ruin was &quot;the extraction of the nitrogen from the atmosphere.&quot;</p>
+
+&quot;The whole incumbent mass of ether in which<br>
+we existed burst at once into a species of intense<br>
+flame for whose surpassing brilliancy and all<br>
+fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven<br>
+of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended<br>
+all.&quot;&mdash;Edgar Allen Poe, <i>Conversation of Eiros and<br>
+Charmion</i> (1849).<br>
+
+<p><b>Elvir</b>, a Danish maid, who assumes boy's clothing, and waits on
+Harold &quot;the Dauntless,&quot; as his page! Subsequently her sex is discovered,
+and Harold marries her.&mdash;Sir. W. Scott, <i>Harold the Dauntless</i> (1817).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elain</b>, sister of King Arthur by the same mother. She married Sir
+Nentres of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the mother of Mordred. (See
+ELEIN)&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. (1470).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> In some of the romances there is great confusion between Elain (the
+sister) and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur. Both are called the
+mother of Mordred, and both are also called the wife of Lot. This,
+however, is a mistake. Elain was the wife of Sir Nentres, and Morgause
+of Lot; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Gareth and Gaheris were [half] brothers
+of Mordred, as we are told over and over again, then Morgause and not
+Elain was his mother. Tennyson makes Bellicent the wife of Lot, but this
+is not in accordance with any of the legends collected by Sir T. Malory.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elaine</b> (<i>Dame</i>), daughter of King Pelles (2 <i>syl</i>.) &quot;the foragn
+country,&quot; and the unwedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir Launcelot du
+Lac.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 1 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elaine</i>, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had a
+child.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">It is by no means clear from the history whether Elaine was the
+daughter of King Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors and
+granddaughter of King Brandegoris.</p>
+
+<p><i>Elaine</i>' (2 <i>syl</i>.), the strong contrast of Guinevere. Guinevere's love
+for Launcelot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was platonic and pure as
+that of a child; but both were masterful in their strength. Elaine is
+called &quot;the lily maid of Astolat&quot; (<i>Guildford</i>), and knowing that
+Launcelot was pledged to celibacy, she pined and died. According to her
+dying request, her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge, and was
+thus conveyed by a dumb servitor to the palace of King Arthur. A letter
+was handed to the king, telling the tale of Elaine's love, and the king
+ordered the body to be buried, and her story to be blazoned on her
+tomb.&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Idylls of the King</i> (&quot;Elaine&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>El'amites</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), Persians. So called from Elam, son of Shem.</p>
+
+<p><b>El'berich</b>, the most famous dwarf of German romance.&mdash;<i>The
+Heldenbuch</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>El'bow,</b> a well-meaning but loutish constable.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Measure for Measure</i> (1603).</p>
+
+<p><b>El'eanor,</b> queen-consort of Henry II., alluded to by the
+Presbyterian minister in <i>Woodstock</i>, x. (1826).</p>
+
+&quot;Believe me, young man, thy servant was<br>
+more likely to see visions than to dream idle<br>
+dreams in that apartment; for I have always<br>
+heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... she played the wanton, and was afterwards</span><br>
+poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's<br>
+chamber was the place ... peculiarly the<br>
+haunt of evil spirits.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i><br>
+(time, Commonwealth).<br>
+
+<p><b>Eleanor Crosses,</b> twelve or fourteen crosses erected by Edward I. in
+the various towns where the body of his queen rested, when it was
+conveyed from Herdelie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. The three that
+still remain are Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham. <b>Eleazar</b> the
+Moor, insolent, bloodthirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like &quot;Aaron,&quot; in
+[Shakespeare's?] <i>Titus An-dron'icus.</i> The lascivious queen of Spain is
+in love with this monster.&mdash;C. Marlowe, <i>Lust's dominion</i> or <i>The
+Lascivious Queen</i> (1588).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elea'zar</i>, a famous mathematician, who cast out devils by tying to the
+nose of the possessed a mystical ring, which the demon no sooner smelled
+than he abandoned the victim. He performed before the Emperor Vespasian;
+and to prove that something came out of the possessed, he commanded the
+demon in making off to upset a pitcher of water, which it did.</p>
+
+I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under<br>
+their noses, we should have seen devils issue with<br>
+their breath, so loud were these disputants.&mdash;<br>
+Lesage, <i>Gil Blas</i>, v. 12 (1724).<br>
+
+<p><b>Elector</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Frederick William of Brandenburg
+(1620-1688).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elein</b>, wife of King Ban of Benwick (<i>Brittany</i>), and mother of Sir
+Launcelot and Sir Lionell. (See ELAIN.)&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of
+Prince Arthur</i>, i. 60 (1470)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eleven Thousand Virgins</b> (<i>The</i>), the virgins who followed St.
+Ur'sula in her flight towards Rome. They were all massacred at Cologne
+by a party of Huns, and even to the present hour &quot;their bones&quot; are shown
+lining the whole interior of the Church of Ste. Ursula.</p>
+
+<p>A calendar in the Freisingen codex notices them as &quot;SS. M. XL VIRGINUM,&quot;
+this is, eleven virgin martyrs; but &quot;M&quot; (martyrs) being taken for 1000,
+we get 11,000. It is furthermore remarkable that the number of names
+known of these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2) Sencia, (3) Gregoria,
+(4) Pinnosa, (5) Martha, (6) Saula, (7) Brittola, (8) Saturnina, (9)
+Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturia or Saturnia, and (11) Palladia.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elfenreigen</b> [<i>el.f'n-ri.gn</i>] (4 <i>syl</i>.) or Alpleich, that weird
+music with which Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led forth the rats
+into the river Weser, and the children into a cave in the mountain
+Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so called.</p>
+
+<p><b>El'feta,</b> wife of Cambuscan', king of Tartary.</p>
+
+<p><b>El'flida</b> or AETHELFLAEDA, daughter of King Alfred, and wife of
+Aethelred, chief of that part of Mercia not claimed by the Danes. She
+was a woman of enormous energy and masculine mind. At the death of her
+husband, she ruled over Mercia, and proceeded to fortify city after
+city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, Hertford, Witham, and so on.
+Then attacking the Danes, she drove them from place to place, and kept
+them from molesting her.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Elflida up-grew ...</span><br>
+The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued,<br>
+And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons hewed<br>
+Her way into the north.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xii. (1613).<br>
+
+<p><b>Elfride</b> (<i>Swancourt</i>). Blue-eyed girl, betrothed first to Stephen
+Smith; afterwards she loves passionately Henry Knight. He leaves her in
+pique, and she weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after the
+marriage.&mdash;Thomas Hardy, <i>A Pair of Blue Eyes</i> (1873).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elf'thryth</b> or <b>Aelf'thryth</b>, daughter of Ordgar, noted for her
+great beauty. King Edgar sent Aethelwald, his friend, to ascertain if
+she were really as beautiful as report made her out to be. When
+&AElig;thelwald saw her he fell in love with her, and then, returning to the
+king, said she was not handsome enough for the king, but was rich enough
+to make a very eligible wife for himself. The king assented to the
+match, and became godfather to the first child, who was called Edgar.
+One day the king told his friend he intended to pay him a visit, and
+Aethelwald revealed to his wife the story of his deceit, imploring her
+at the same time to conceal her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely
+indignant, did all she could to set forth her beauty. The king fell in
+love with her, slew Aethelwald, and married the widow.</p>
+
+<p>A similar story is told by Herodotus; Pr&ecirc;xasp&ecirc;s being the lady's name,
+and Kambys&ecirc;s the king's.</p>
+
+<p><b>El'githa,</b> a female attendant at Rotherwood on the Lady
+Rowe'na.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>E'lia,</b> pseudonym of Charles Lamb, author of the <i>Essays of Elia</i>
+(1823).&mdash;<i>London Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eli'ab,</b> in the satire of <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, by Dry den and
+Tate, is Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab befriended David (1
+<i>Chron</i>. xii. 9), so the earl befriended Charles II.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hard the task to do Eliab right;</span><br>
+Long with the royal wanderer he roved,<br>
+And firm in all the turns of fortune proved.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).<br>
+
+<p><b>E'lian God</b> (<i>The</i>), Bacchus. An error for 'Eleuan, <i>i.e.</i> &quot;the god
+Eleleus&quot; (3 <i>syl</i>). Bacchus was called <i>El'eleus</i> from the Bacchic cry,
+<i>eleleu</i>!</p>
+
+As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god<br>
+Those priests high orgies held.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, vi. (1612).<br>
+<p><b>El'idure</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), surnamed &quot;the Pious,&quot;
+brother of Gorbonian, and one of the five
+sons of Morvi'dus (<i>q.v.</i>). He resigned the
+crown to his brother Arthgallo, who had
+been deposed. Ten years afterwards,
+Arthgallo died, and Elidure was again
+advanced to the throne, but was deposed
+and imprisoned by his two younger
+brothers. At the death of these two
+brothers, Elidure was taken from prison,
+and mounted the British throne for the
+third time.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, iii.
+17,18 (1470).</p>
+
+Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive praise,<br>
+As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed<br>
+And put into the Tower ... but, the usurpers dead,<br>
+Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend head.<br>
+<br>
+Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, viii. (1612).<br>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Wordsworth has a poem on this subject.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elijah fed by Ravens.</b> While Elijah was at the brook Cherith, in
+concealment, ravens brought him food every morning and evening.&mdash;1
+<i>Kings</i> xvii. 6.</p>
+
+<p>A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, in the reign of Richard III. The
+king cast him into prison, and when he was nearly starved to death, a
+cat appeared at the window-grating, and dropped into his hand a pigeon,
+which the warder cooked for him. This was repeated daily.</p>
+
+<p><b>E'lim,</b> the guardian angel of Lebbeus (3 <i>syl</i>.) the apostle.
+Lebbeus, the softest and most tender of the twelve, at the death of
+Jesus &quot;sank under the burden of his grief.&quot;&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>,
+iii. (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elinor Grey</b>, self-poised daughter of a statesman in Frank Lee
+Benedict's novel, <i>My Daughter Elinor</i> (1869). <b>El'ion,</b> consort of
+Beruth, and father of Che.&mdash;Sanchoniathon.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eliot</b> (<i>John</i>). Of the Apostle to the North American Indians, Dr.
+Cotton Mather writes:</p>
+
+&quot;He that will write of Eliot must write of<br>
+charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star<br>
+of the first magnitude in the bright constellation<br>
+of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonderfully<br>
+various and extensive.&quot;&mdash;Cotton Mather,<br>
+<i>Magna Christi Americana</i> (1702).<br>
+
+<p><i>Eliot (George)</i>, Marian Evans (or &quot;Mrs. Marian Lewes&quot;), author of <i>Adam
+Bede</i> (1858), <i>Mill on the Floss</i> (1860), <i>Silas Marner</i> (1861), etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elisa</b>, often written <b>Eliza</b> in English, Dido, queen of
+Carthage.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">... nec me meminisse pigebit Elisae,</span><br>
+Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus.<br>
+<br>
+Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i>, iv. 335, 336.<br>
+
+So to Eliza dawned that cruel day<br>
+Which tore &AElig;neas from her sight away,<br>
+That saw him parting, never to return,<br>
+Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn.<br>
+<br>
+Falconer, <i>The Shipwreck</i>, iii. 4 (1756).<br>
+
+<p><b>Elis'abat,</b> a famous surgeon, who attended Queen Madasi'ma in all
+her solitary wanderings, and was her sole companion.&mdash;<i>Amadis de Gaul</i>
+(fifteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>&Eacute;lisabeth ou Les Exil&eacute;s de Siberie</b>, a tale by Madame Cottin
+(1773-1807). The family being exiled for some political offence,
+Elizabeth walked all the way from Siberia to Russia, to crave pardon of
+the Czar. She obtained her prayer, and the family returned.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elisabetha</b> (<i>Miss</i>). &quot;She is not young. The tall, spare form
+stiffly erect, the little wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided and
+adorned with a high comb, the long, thin hands and the fine network of
+wrinkles over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell this.&quot; But she is a
+gentlewoman, with generations of gentlewomen back of her, and lives for
+Doro, her orphan ward, whom she has taught music. She loved his father,
+and for his sake&mdash;and his own&mdash;loves the boy. She works for him, hoards
+for him, and is ambitious for him only. When he grows up and marries a
+lowborn girl,&mdash;&quot;a Minorcan&quot;&mdash;and fills the old home with rude children,
+who break the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for them. After he dies,
+a middle-aged man, she does not leave them.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I saw her last year&mdash;an old woman, but working still.&quot;&mdash;Constance
+Fennimore Woolson, <i>Southern Sketches</i> (1880).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elise</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), the motherless child of Harpagon the miser. She
+was affianced to Val&egrave;re, by whom she had been &quot;rescued from the waves.&quot;
+Val&egrave;re turns out to be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a wealthy
+nobleman of Naples.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'Avare</i> (1667).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elis'sa,</b> step-sister of Medi'na and Perissa. They could never agree
+upon any subject.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 2 (1590).</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Medina&quot; (<i>the golden mean</i>), &quot;Elissa&quot; and &quot;Perissa&quot; (<i>the two
+extremes</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elizabeth</b> (<i>Le Marchant</i>.) Nice girl whose life is, darkened by a
+frustrated elopement, by which she is apparently compromised. All comes
+well in the end.&mdash;Rhoda Broughton, <i>Alas!</i> (1890).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elizabeth (The Queen)</i>, haughty, imperious, but devoted to her people.
+She loved the earl of Essex, and, when she heard that he was married to
+the countess of Rutland, exclaimed that she never &quot;knew sorrow before.&quot;
+The queen gave Essex a ring after his rebellion, saying, &quot;Here, from my
+finger take this ring, a pledge of mercy; and whensoe'er you send it
+back, I swear that I will grant whatever boon you ask.&quot; After his
+condemnation, Essex sent the ring to the queen by the countess of
+Nottingham, craving that her most gracious majesty would spare the life
+of Lord Southampton; but the countess, from jealousy, did not give it to
+the queen. The queen sent a reprieve for Essex, but Burleigh took care
+that it came too late, and the earl was beheaded as a traitor.&mdash;Henry
+Jones, <i>The Earl of Essex</i> (1745).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elizabeth (Queen)</i>, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called
+<i>Kenilworth</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elizabeth of Hungary</b> (<i>St.</i>), patron saint of queens, being herself
+a queen. Her day is July 9 (1207-1231).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ellen</b> (<i>Montgomery</i>). The orphaned heroine of Susan Warner's story,
+<i>The Wide, Wide World</i> (1851.)</p>
+
+<p><i>Ellen (Wade)</i>. Girl of eighteen who travels and camps with the family
+of Ishmael Bush, although many grades above them in education and
+refinement. Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter.&mdash;James Fennimore
+Cooper, <i>The Prairie</i>, (1827).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ellesmere</b> (<i>Mistress</i>), the head domestic of Lady Peveril.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elliott</b>, (<i>Hobbie, i.e.</i> Halbert), farmer at the Heugh-foot. His
+bride-elect is Grace Armstrong.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Elliott</i>, Hobbie's grandmother. <i>John</i> and <i>Harry</i>, Hobbie's
+brothers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Lilias, Jean</i>, and <i>Arnot</i>, Hobbie's sisters.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black
+Dwarf</i> (time, Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elmo</b> (<i>St.</i>). <i>The fire of St. Elmo</i> (<i>Feu de Saint Elme</i>), a
+comazant. If only one appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at hand;
+but if two or more, they indicate that stormy weather is about to cease.
+By the Italians these comazants are called the &quot;fires of St. Peter and
+St. Nicholas.&quot; In Latin the single fire is called &quot;Helen,&quot; but the two
+&quot;Castor and Pollux.&quot; Horace says (<i>Odes</i>, I. xiii. 27):</p>
+
+Quorum simul alba nautis stella refulsit,<br>
+Defluit saxis agitatus humor,<br>
+Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc.<br>
+
+<p>But Longfellow makes the <i>stella</i> indicative of foul weather:</p>
+
+Last night I saw St. Elmo's stars,<br>
+With their glimmering lanterns all at play ...<br>
+And I knew we should have foul weather to-day.<br>
+<br>
+Longfellow, <i>The Golden Legend</i>.<br>
+
+<p>(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Elo&acute;a,</b> the first of seraphs. He name with God is &quot;The Chosen One,&quot;
+but the angels call him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel were angel friends.</p>
+
+Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts<br>
+are past understanding to the mind of man.<br>
+He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more<br>
+beaming than the stars of heaven when they<br>
+first flew into being at the voice of the Creator.<br>
+&mdash;Klopstock, <i>The Messiah</i>, i. (1748).<br>
+
+<p><b>Eloi</b> (<i>St.</i>), that is, St. Louis. The kings of France were called
+Loys up to the time of Louis XIII. Probably the &quot;delicate oath&quot; of
+Chaucer's prioress, who was a French scholar &quot;after the scole of
+Stratford-atte-Bowe,&quot; was St. Loy, <i>i.e.</i> St. Louis, and not St. Eloi
+the patron saint of smiths and artists. St.</p>
+
+<p>Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of Dagobert, and a noted craftsman
+in gold and silver. (Query, &quot;Seint Eloy&quot; for Seinte Loy?)</p>
+
+Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,<br>
+That of hire smiling was full simp' and coy,<br>
+Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy!<br>
+<br>
+Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i> (1388).<br>
+
+<p><b>El&acute;ops.</b> There was a fish so-called, but Milton uses the word
+(<i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 525) for the dumb serpent or serpent which gives no
+warning of its approach by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, <i>ellops</i>, &quot;mute
+or dumb.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eloquence</b> (<i>The Four Monarchs of</i>): (1) Demonsthen&ecirc;s, the Greek
+orator (B.C. 385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator (B.C. 106-43); (3)
+Burke, the English orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the American orator
+(1782-1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eloquent</b> (<i>That old Man</i>), Isoc&acute;rat&ecirc;s, the Greek orator. When he
+heard that the battle of Chaerone&acute;a was lost, and that Greece was no
+longer free, he died of grief.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">That dishonest victory</span><br>
+At Chaeronea, fatal to liberty,<br>
+Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Milton, <i>Sonnet</i> ix.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the United States the term was freely applied to John Quincy Adams,
+in the latter years of his life.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eloquent Doctor</b> (<i>The</i>), Peter Aurelolus, archbishop of Aix
+(fourteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elpi&acute;nus,</b> Hope personified. He was &quot;clad in sky-like blue&quot; and the
+motto of his shield was &quot;I hold by being held.&quot; He went attended by
+Pollic&acute;ita (<i>promise</i>). Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, <i>elpis</i>,
+&quot;hope.&quot;)&mdash;Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elsa.</b> German maiden, accused of having killed her little brother.
+At her trial a knight appears, drawn by a swan, champions her and
+vanquishes her accuser. Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising never to ask
+of his country or family. She breaks the vow; the swan appears and bears
+him away from her.&mdash;<i>Lohengrin</i> Opera, by Richard Wagner.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elshender the Recluse,</b> called &quot;the Canny Elshie&quot; or the &quot;Wise Wight
+of Mucklestane Moor.&quot; This is &quot;the black dwarf,&quot; or Sir Edward Mauley,
+the hero of the novel.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Black Dwarf</i> (time Anne).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elsie,</b> the daughter of Gottlieb, a cottage farmer of Bavaria.
+Prince Henry of Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was told he would
+never be cured till a maiden chaste and spotless offered to give her
+life in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to die for the prince, and
+he accompanied her to Salerno; but either the exercise, the excitement,
+or some charm, no matter what, had quite cured the prince, and when he
+entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to make her Lady Alicia, his
+bride.&mdash;Hartmann von der Aue, <i>Poor Henry</i> (twelfth century);
+Longfellow, <i>Golden Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetos died
+instead of her husband, but was brought back by Hercul&ecirc;s from the shades
+below, and restored to her husband.</p>
+
+<p><i>Elsie (Venner)</i>, a girl marked before her birth as one apart from her
+kind. Her mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near her door, leaves the
+imprint of the loathsome thing upon the child. She is a &quot;splendid
+scowling beauty&quot; with glittering black eyes. When angry, they are
+narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and &quot;charm&quot; after an unhuman fashion.
+She bit her cousin when a child, and the wound had to be cauterized. She
+is wild almost to savagery and she falls in love with her tutor savagely
+for awhile, afterward loves him hopelessly. She dies of a strange
+decline, and the ugly mark about her throat that obliges her always to
+wear a necklace has faded out.&mdash;Oliver Wendell Holmes, <i>Elsie Venner</i>
+(1861).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elsmere</b> (<i>Robert</i>), hero of religious novel of same name, by Mrs.
+Humphrey Ward.</p>
+
+<p><b>Elspeth</b> (<i>Auld</i>), the old servant of Dandie Dinmont, the
+store-farmer of Charlie's Hope.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elspeth (Old)</i> of the Craigburnfoot, the mother of Saunders
+Muckelbacket (the old fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly servant to
+the countess of Glenallan.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Antiquary</i> (time George
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elvi&acute;no,</b> a wealthy farmer in love with Ami&acute;na the somnambulist.
+Amina being found in the bedroom of Conte Rodolfo the day before her
+wedding, induces Elvino to break off the match and promise marriage to
+Lisa; but as the truth of the matter breaks upon him, and he is
+convinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over Lisa to Alessio, her
+paramour, and marries Amina, his first and only love.&mdash;Bellini's opera,
+<i>La Sonnambula</i> (1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elvi&acute;ra,</b> sister of Don Duart, and niece of the governor of Lisbon.
+She marries Coldio, the coxcomb son of Don Antonio.&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>Love
+Makes a Man</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra</i>, the young wife of Gomez, a rich old banker. She carries on a
+liaison with Colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father-confessor
+Dominick, but is always checkmated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is her
+brother.&mdash;Dryden, <i>The Spanish Fryar</i> (1680).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra</i>, a noble lady who gives up everything to become the mistress
+of Pizarro. She tries to soften his rude and cruel nature, and to lead
+him into more generous ways. Her love being changed to hate, she engages
+Rollo to slay Pizarro in his tent; but the noble Peruvian spares his
+enemy, and makes him a friend. Ultimately, Pizarro is slain in fight
+with Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent.&mdash;Sheridan, <i>Pizarro</i>
+(altered from Kotzebue, 1799).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra (Donna)</i>, a lady deceived by Don Giovanni, who basely deluded
+her into an amour with his valet Leporello.&mdash;Mozart's opera, <i>Don
+Giovanni</i> (1787).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra</i> &quot;the puritan,&quot; daughter of Lord Walton, betrothed to Arturo
+(<i>Lord Arthur Talbot</i>), a calvalier. On the day of espousals the young
+man aids Enrichetta (<i>Henrietta, widow of Charles I.</i>) to escape, and
+Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a rival, temporarily loses her
+reason. Cromwell's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, but he is
+subsequently pardoned, and marries Elvira.&mdash;Bellini's opera, <i>I
+Puritani</i> (1834).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra</i>, a lady in love with Erna&acute;ni the robber-captain and head of a
+league against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. of Spain). Ernani was
+just on the point of marrying Elvira, when he was summoned to death by
+Gomez de Silva, and stabbed himself.&mdash;Verdi, <i>Ernani</i> (an opera, 1841).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elvi&acute;ra</i>, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the Duke d'Arcos). No sooner is
+the marriage completed than she learns that Alfonso has seduced Fenella,
+a dumb girl, sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Masaniello, to revenge
+his wrongs, heads an insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira run for
+safety to the fisherman's hut, where they find Fenella, who promises to
+protect them. Masaniello, being made chief magistrate of Por&acute;tici, is
+killed by the mob; Fenella throws herself into the crater of Vesuvius;
+and Alfonso is left to live in peace with Elvira.&mdash;Auber, <i>Masaniello</i>
+(1831).</p>
+
+<p><b>Elvire</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the wife of Don Juan, whom he abandons. She
+enters a convent, and tries to reclaim her profligate husband, but
+without success.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>Don Juan</i> (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ely</b> (<i>Bishop of</i>), introduced by Sir W. Scott in the <i>Talisman</i>
+(time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emath&acute;ian Conqueror</b> (<i>The Great</i>), Alexander the Great. Emathia is
+Macedonia and Thessaly. Emathion, a son of Titan and Aurora, reigned in
+Macedonia. Pliny tells us that Alexander, when he besieged Thebes,
+spared the house in which Pindar the poet was born, out of reverence to
+his great abilities.</p>
+
+<p><b>Embla</b>, the woman Eve of Scandinavian mythology. Eve or Embla was
+made of elm, but Ask or Adam was made of ash.</p>
+
+<p><b>Em&acute;elie</b> or EMELYE, sister-in-law of Duke Theseus (<i>2 syl.</i>),
+beloved by both Pal&acute;amon and Ar&acute;cite (<i>2 syl.</i>), but the former had her
+to wife.</p>
+
+Emelie that fairer was to scene<br>
+Than is the lilie on hire stalk&ecirc; grene,<br>
+And fresscher than the May with flour&ecirc;s newe.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Chaucer, <i>Canterbury Tales</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">(&quot;The Knight's Tale,&quot; 1388).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Emeral&acute;der,</b> an Irishman, one of the Emerald Isle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Emer&acute;ita</b> (<i>St</i>.), who, when her brother abdicated the British
+crown, accompanied him to Switzerland, and shared with him there a
+martyr's death.</p>
+
+Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear,<br>
+Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died.<br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xxiv. (1622).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Emile</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), the chief character of a philosophical romance on
+education by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). Emile is the author's ideal
+of a young man perfectly educated, every bias but that of nature having
+been carefully withheld.</p>
+
+<p>N.B.&mdash;Emile is the French form of Emilius.</p>
+
+<p>His body is inured to fatigue, as Rousseau
+advises in his <i>Emilius</i>.&mdash;<i>Continuation of The
+Arabian Nights</i>, iv. 69.</p>
+
+<p><b>Emil&acute;ia</b>, wife of Iago, the ancient of Othello in the Venetian army.
+She is induced by Iago to purloin a certain handkerchief given by
+Othello to Desdemona. Iago then prevails on Othello to ask his wife to
+show him the handkerchief, but she cannot find it, and Iago tells the
+Moor she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. At the death of
+Desdemona, Emilia (who till then never suspected the real state of the
+case) reveals the truth of the matter, and Iago rushes on her and kills
+her.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Othello</i> (1611).</p>
+
+<p>The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find,
+worn loosely, but not cast off; easy to commit
+small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at
+atrocious villainies.&mdash;Dr. Johnson.</p>
+
+<p><i>Emil&acute;ia</i>, the lady who attended on Queen Hermi&acute;on&ecirc; in
+prison.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Winter's Tale</i> (1604).</p>
+
+<p><i>Emilia</i>, the lady-love of Peregrine Pickle, in Smollett's novel called
+<i>The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle</i> (1751).</p>
+
+<p><i>Emilia</i> Galotti. Beautiful daughter of Odoardo, an Italian noble. She
+is affianced to Count Appiani, and beloved by the Prince Guastalla, who
+causes her lover's death on their wedding-day. To save her from the
+prince, Odoardo stabs Emilia.&mdash;G.E. Lessing, <i>Emilia Galotti</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Emily</b>, the <i>fianc&eacute;e</i> of Colonel Tamper. Duty called away the
+colonel to Havana, and on his return he pretended to have lost one eye
+and one leg in the war, in order to see if Emily would love him still.
+Emily was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle the medical practitioner was
+sent for. Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his patient he had seen
+the colonel who looked remarkably well, and most certainly was maimed
+neither in his legs nor in his eyes. Emily now saw through the trick,
+and resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. For this end she induced
+Mdlle. Florival to appear <i>en militaire</i>, under the assumed name of
+Captain Johnson, and to make desperate love to her. When the colonel had
+been thoroughly roasted and was about to quit the house forever, his
+friend Major Belford entered and recognized Mdlle. as his <i>fianc&eacute;e</i>; the
+trick was discovered, and all ended happily.&mdash;G. Colman, sen., <i>The
+Deuce is in Him</i> (1762).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emir or Ameer</b>, a title given to lieutenants of provinces and other
+officers of the sultan, and occasionally assumed by the sultan himself.
+The sultan is not unfrequently call &quot;The Great Ameer,&quot; and the Ottoman
+empire is sometimes spoken of as &quot;the country of the Great Ameer.&quot; What
+Matthew Paris and other monks call &quot;ammirals&quot; is the same word. Milton
+speaks of the &quot;mast of some tall ammiral&quot; (<i>Paradise Lost</i>, i. 294).</p>
+
+<p>The difference between <i>xariff</i> or <i>sariff</i> and <i>amir</i> is this: the
+former is given to the <i>blood</i> successors of Mahomet, and the latter to
+those who maintain his religious faith.&mdash;Selden, <i>Titles of Honor</i>, vi.
+73-4 (1672).</p>
+
+<p><b>Em'ly</b> <i>(Little)</i>, daughter of Tom, the brother-in-law of Dan'el
+Peggotty, a Yarmouth fisherman, by whom the orphan child was brought up.
+While engaged to Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) little Em'ly runs away
+with Steerforth, a handsome but unprincipled gentleman. Being
+subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to Australia with Dan'el Peggotty
+and old Mrs. Gummidge.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emma</b> &quot;the Saxon&quot; or Emma Plantagenet, the beautiful, gentle, and
+loving wife of David, king of North Wales (twelfth century).&mdash;Southey,
+<i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emmons</b> (<i>David</i>), slow, gentle fellow who never &quot;comes to the
+point&quot; in his courtship, but visits the &quot;girl&quot; for forty years, and
+gasps out in dying, &quot;I allers&mdash;meant to&mdash;have&mdash;asked&mdash;you to marry
+me.&quot;&mdash;Mary E. Wilkins, <i>Two Old Lovers</i> (1887).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emped&acute;ocles,</b> one of Pythagoras's scholars, who threw himself
+secretly into the crater at Etna, that people might suppose the gods had
+carried him to heaven; but alas! one of his iron pattens was cast out
+with the lava, and recognized.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;">He to be deemed</span><br>
+A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames,<br>
+Empedocl&ecirc;s.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iii. 469, etc. (1665).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Emperor of Believers</b> (<i>The</i>), Omar I., father-in-law of Mahomet
+(581-644).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emperor of the Mountains</b>, (<i>The</i>) Peter the Calabrian, a famous
+robber-chief (1812).</p>
+
+<p><b>Emperor for My People.</b> Hadrian used to say, &quot;I am emperor not for
+myself but for my people&quot; (76, 117-138).</p>
+
+<p><b>Empson</b> (<i>Master</i>), flageolot player to Charles II.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (1823).</p>
+
+<p>Enan&acute;the (<i>3 syl.</i>), daughter of Seleucus, and mistress of Prince
+Deme&acute;trius (son of King Antig&acute;onus) She appears under the name of
+Celia.&mdash;Beaumont and Eletcher, <i>The Humorous Lieutenant</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Encel&acute;ados</b> (Latin, <i>Enceladus</i>), the most powerful of all the
+giants who conspired against Jupiter. He was struck with a thunder-bolt,
+and covered with the heap of earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke of
+the volcano is the breath of the buried giant; and when he shifts his
+side it is an earthquake.</p>
+
+Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus<br>
+Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam<br>
+Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis;<br>
+Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem<br>
+Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Virgil, <i>Aeneid</i>, iii. 578-582.</span><br>
+
+Where the burning cinders, blown<br>
+From the lips of the overthrown<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Enceladus, fill the air.</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 8.5em;">Longfellow, <i>Enceladus</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>En'crates</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.), Temperance personified, the husband of
+Agnei'a (<i>wifely chastity</i>). When his wife's sister Parthen'ia
+<i>(maidenly chastity</i>) was wounded in the battle of Mansoul, by False
+Delight, he and his wife ran to her assistance, and soon routed the foes
+who were hounding her. Continence (her lover) went also, and poured a
+balm into her wounds, which healed them. Greek, <i>egkrat&ecirc;s</i>, &quot;continent,
+temperate.&quot;</p>
+
+So have I often seen a purple flower,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping head;</span><br>
+But, soon refresh&ecirc;d with a welcome shower,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Begins again her lively beauties spread,</span><br>
+And with new pride her silken leaves display.<br>
+
+<p>Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, xi. (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Endell</b> (<i>Martha</i>), a poor fallen girl, to whom Emily goes when
+Steerforth deserts her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, and marries
+a young farmer in Australia.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>David Copperfield</i> (1849).</p>
+
+<p><b>Endiga</b>, in <i>Charles XII</i>., by J.R. Planche (1826).</p>
+
+<p><b>Endless</b>, the rascally lawyer in <i>No Song No Supper</i>, by P. Hoare
+(1754-1834).</p>
+
+<p><b>Endym'ion</b>, a noted astronomer who, from Mount Latmus, in Caria,
+discovered the course of the moon. Hence it is fabled that the moon
+sleeps with Endymion. Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting sun.</p>
+
+So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned;<br>
+That hill on whose high top he was the first that found<br>
+Pale Phoebe's wandering course; so skillful in her sphere,<br>
+As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her there.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, vi. (1612).</p>
+
+<p><i>To sleep like Endymion</i>, to sleep long and soundly. Endymion requested
+of Jove permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. Hence the proverb,
+<i>Endymionis somnum dormire</i>. Jean Ogier de Gombaud wrote in French a
+romance or prose poem called <i>Endymion</i> (1624), and one of the best
+paintings of A.L. Girodet is &quot;Endymion.&quot; Cowley, referring to Gombaud's
+romance, says:</p>
+
+While there is a people or a sun,<br>
+Endymion's story with the moon shall run.<br>
+
+<p>John Keats, in 1818, published his <i>Endymion</i> (a poetic romance), and
+the criticism of the <i>Quarterly Review</i> was falsely said to have caused
+his death.</p>
+
+<p><i>Endym&acute;ion.</i> So Wm. Browne calls Sir Walter Raleigh, who was for a time
+in disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he calls &quot;Cyn&acute;thia.&quot;</p>
+
+The first note that I heard I soon was wonne<br>
+To think the sighes of fair Endymion,<br>
+The subject of whose mournful heavy lay,<br>
+Was his declining with faire Cynthia.<br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Brittannia's Pastorals</i>, iv. (1613).</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Enfants de Dieu</b>, the Camisards.</p>
+
+<p>The royal troops outnumbered the <i>Enfants de
+Dieu</i>, and a not inglorious flight took place.&mdash;Ed.
+Gilliat, <i>Asylum Christi</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Enfield</b> (<i>Mrs.</i>), the keeper of a house of intrigue, or
+&quot;gentleman's magazine&quot; of frail beauties.&mdash;Holcroft, <i>The Deserted
+Daughter</i> (1785).</p>
+
+<p><b>Engaddi</b> (<i>Theodorick, hermit of</i>), an enthusiast. He was Aberick of
+Mortemar, an exiled noble.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard
+I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Engaddi</i>, one of the towns of Judah, forty miles from Jerusalem, famous
+for its palm trees.</p>
+
+Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pacing the Dead Sea beach.</span><br>
+<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Longfellow, <i>Sand of the Desert</i></span><br>
+
+<p><b>Engel&acute;brecht,</b> one of the Varangian guards.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Count
+Robert of Paris</i> (time, Rufus).</p>
+
+<p><b>En&acute;gelred,</b> 'squire of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (follower of
+Prince John of Anjou, the brother of Richard I.).&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>En&acute;guerraud,</b> brother of the Marquis of Montserrat, a crusader.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>The Talisman</i> (time, Richard L).</p>
+
+<p><b>E&acute;nid,</b> the personification of spotless purity. She was the daughter
+of Yn&acute;iol, and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint and Enid allegorizes
+the contagion of distrust and jealousy, commencing with Guinevere's
+infidelity, and spreading downward among the Arthurian knights. In order
+to save Enid from this taint, Sir Geraint removed from the court to
+Devon; but overhearing part of a sentence uttered by Enid, he fancied
+that she was unfaithful, and treated her for a time with great
+harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed Geraint with such wifely devotion
+that he felt convinced of his error. A perfect reconciliation took
+place, and they &quot;crowned a happy life with a fair death&quot;.&mdash;Tennyson,
+<i>Idylls of the King</i> (&quot;Geraint and Enid.&quot;).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ennius</b> (<i>The English</i>), Lay&acute;amon, who wrote a translation in Saxon
+of <i>The Brut</i> of Wace (thirteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ennius (The French</i>), Jehan de Meung, who wrote a continuation of
+Layamon's romance (1260-1320).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Guillaume de Lorris, author of the <i>Romance of the Rose</i>, is also
+called &quot;The French Ennius,&quot; and with better title (1235-1265).</p>
+
+<p><i>Ennius</i> (<i>The Spanish</i>), Juan de Mena of Cordova (1412-1456).</p>
+
+<p><b>Enrique&acute;</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), brother-in-law of Chrysalde (<i>2 syl.</i>). He
+married secretly Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he had a
+daughter, Agnes, who was left in charge of a peasant while Enrique was
+absent in America. Having made his fortune in the New World, Enrique
+returned and found Agnes in love with Horace, the son of his friend
+Oronte (<i>2 syl.</i>). Their union, after the usual quota of
+misunderstanding and cross purposes, was accomplished to the delight of
+all parties.&mdash;Moli&egrave;re, <i>L'Ecole des Femmes</i> (1662).</p>
+
+<p><b>Entel&acute;echy,</b> the kingdom of Queen Quintessence. Pantag&acute;ruel&acute; and his
+companions went to this kingdom in search of the &quot;holy
+bottle.&quot;&mdash;Rabelais, <i>Pantagruel</i>, v. 19 (1545).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">This kingdom of &quot;speculative science&quot; gave the hint to Swift for his
+island of Lapu&acute;ta.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ephe&acute;sian,</b> a toper, a dissolute sot, a jovial companion. When Page
+(2 <i>Henry</i> IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a company of men
+were about to sup with Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls them
+&quot;Ephesians,&quot; he probably meant soldiers called <i>f&eacute;thas</i>
+(&quot;foot-soldiers&quot;), and hence topers. Malone suggests that the word is a
+pun on <i>pheese</i> (&quot;to chastise or pay one tit for tat&quot;), and means
+&quot;quarrelsome fellows.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Ephe&acute;sian Poet</b> (<i>The</i>), Hippo&acute;nax, born at Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Epic Poetry</b> (<i>The Father of</i>), Homer (about 950 B.C.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ep&acute;icene</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), or <i>The Silent Woman</i>, one of the three great
+comedies of Ben Jonson (1609).</p>
+
+<p>The other two are <i>Volpone</i> (<i>2 syl.</i>, 1605), and <i>The Alchemist</i>
+(1610).</p>
+
+<p><b>Epicurus.</b> The <i>aim&eacute;e de coeur</i> of this philosopher was Leontium.
+(See LOVERS).</p>
+
+<p><b>Epicurus of China</b>, Tao-tse, who commenced the search for &quot;the
+elixir of perpetual youth and health&quot; (B.C. 540).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Thomas Moore has a prose romance entitled <i>The
+Epicure'an</i>. Lucretius the Roman poet, in his <i>De Rerum Natura</i>, is an
+exponent of the Epicurean doctrines.</p>
+
+<p><b>Epidaurus</b> (<i>That God in</i>), Aescula'pius, son of Apollo, who was
+worshipped in Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being sent for to Rome
+during a plague, he assumed the form of a serpent.&mdash;Livy, <i>Nat. Hist.</i>,
+xi.; Ovid, <i>Metaph.</i>, xv.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">Never since of serpent kind</span><br>
+Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed<br>
+Hermion&ecirc; and Cadmus, or the god<br>
+In Epidaurus.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, ix. 507 (1665).</p>
+
+<p>(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [<i>Hermoine</i>] left Thebes and migrated into
+Illyria, where they were changed into serpents because they happened to
+kill one belonging to Mars.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Ephial'tes</b> (<i>4 syl.</i>), one of the giants who made war upon the
+gods. He was deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of his right eye by
+Hercul&ecirc;s.</p>
+
+<p><b>Epig'oni,</b> seven youthful warriors, sons of the seven chiefs who
+laid siege to Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except Adrastos) perished in
+the siege; but the seven sons, ten years later, took the city and razed
+it to the ground. The chiefs and sons were: (1) Adrastos, whose son was
+Aegi'aleus (<i>4 syl.</i>); (2) Polynik&ecirc;s, whose son was Thersan'der; (3)
+Amphiar'aos (<i>5 syl.</i>), whose son was Alkmaeon (<i>the chief</i>); (4)
+Ty'deus (<i>2 syl.</i>), whose son was Diom&ecirc;'des; (5) Kap'aneus (<i>3 syl.</i>),
+whose son was Sthen'elos; (6) Parthenopae'os, whose son was Promachos;
+(7) Mekis'theus (<i>3 syl.</i>), whose son was Eury'alos.</p>
+
+<p>&AElig;schylos has a tragedy on <i>The Seven Chiefs against Thebes</i>. There are
+also two epics, one <i>The Theba&iuml;d</i> of Statius, and <i>The Epigoni</i>
+sometimes attributed to Homer and sometimes to one of the Cyclic poets
+of Greece.</p>
+
+<p><b>Epigon'iad</b> (<i>The</i>), called &quot;the Scotch <i>Iliad</i>,&quot; by William Wilkie
+(1721-1772). This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven sons of the seven
+chieftains who laid siege to Thebes. The tale is this: When Oe'dipos
+abdicated, his two sons agreed to reign alternate years; but at the
+expiration of the first year, the elder son (Eteocl&ecirc;s) refused to give
+up the throne. Whereupon the younger brother (Polynik&ecirc;s) interested six
+Grecian chiefs to espouse his cause, and the allied armies laid siege to
+Thebes, without success. Subsequently, the seven sons of the old chiefs
+went against the city to avenge the death of their fathers, who had
+fallen in the former siege. They succeeded in taking the city, and in
+placing Thersander on the throne. The names of the seven sons are
+Thersander, AEgi'aleus, Alkmaeon, Diomed&ecirc;s, Sthen'elos, Pro'machos,
+and Euryalos.</p>
+
+<p><b>Epimen'ides</b> (<i>5 syl.</i>) of Crete, sometimes reckoned one of the
+&quot;seven wise men of Greece&quot; in the place of Periander. He slept for
+fifty-seven years in a cave, and, on waking, found everything so changed
+that he could recognize nothing. Epimenid&ecirc;s lived 289 years, and was
+adored by the Cretans as one of their &quot;Curet&ecirc;s&quot; or priests of Jove.
+He was contemporary with Solon.</p>
+
+<p>(Goethe has a poem called <i>Des Epimenides Erwachen.</i>&mdash;See Heinrich's
+<i>Epimenides.)</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Epimenides's Drug</i>. A nymph who loved Epimenides gave him a draught in
+a bull's horn, one single drop of which would not only cure any ailment,
+but would serve for a hearty meal.</p>
+
+<p><i>Le Nouveau Epimen&egrave;de</i> is a man who lives in a dream in a kind of
+&quot;Castle of Spain,&quot; where he deems himself a king, and does not wish to
+be disillusioned. The song is by Jacinthe Lecl&egrave;re, one of the members of
+the &quot;Societ&eacute; de Momus,&quot; of Paris.</p>
+
+<p><b>Epinogris</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, son of the king of Northumberland. He loved an
+earl's daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly combat. Next day, a
+knight challenged him to fight, and the lady was to be the prize of the
+victor. Sir Epinogris, being overthrown, lost the lady; but when Sir
+Palomid&ecirc;s heard the tale, he promised to recover her. Accordingly, he
+challenged the victorious knight, who turned out to be his brother. The
+point of dispute was then amicably arranged by giving up the lady to Sir
+Epinogris.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, ii. 169 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eppie</b>, one of the servants of the Rev. Josiah Cargill. In the same
+novel is Eppie Anderson, one of the servants at the Mowbray Arms, Old
+St. Ronan's, held by Meg Dods.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Bonarts Well</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Epps</b>, cook of Saunders Fairford, a lawyer.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.). <b>Equity</b> (<i>Father of</i>), Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In <i>Absalom and Achitophel</i> (by
+Dryden and Tate) he is called &quot;Amri.&quot;</p>
+
+Sincere was Amri, and not only knew,<br>
+But Israel's sanctions into practice drew;<br>
+Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem,<br>
+Were coasted all, and fathomed all by him ...<br>
+To whom the double blessing doth belong,<br>
+With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.<br>
+<br>
+<i>Absalom and Achitophel</i>, ii. (1682).<br>
+
+<p><b>Equivokes.</b></p>
+
+<p>1. HENRY IV. was told that &quot;he should not die but in Jerusalem,&quot; which
+he supposed meant the Holy Land; but he died in the Jerusalem Chamber,
+London, which is the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey.</p>
+
+<p>2. POPE SYLVESTER was also told that he should die at Jerusalem, and he
+died while saying mass in a church so called at Rome.</p>
+
+<p>3. CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat'ana,
+which he supposed meant the capital of Media. Being wounded accidentally
+in Syria, he asked the name of the place; and being told it was
+Ecbatana, &quot;Here, then, I am destined to end my life.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>4. A Messenian seer, being sent to consult the Delphic oracle respecting
+the issue of the Messenian war, then raging, received for reply:</p>
+
+When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, O, seer,<br>
+From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near!<br>
+
+<p>In order to avert this calamity, all goats were diligently chased from
+the banks of the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a <i>fig tree</i> growing
+on the river-side, and its branches dipped into the stream. The
+interpretation of the oracle flashed across his mind, for he remembered
+that <i>goat</i> and <i>fig tree</i>, in the Messenian dialect were the same word.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">The pun would be clearer to an English reader if &quot;a stork&quot; were
+substituted for <i>the goat</i>: &quot;When a stork stoops to drink of the Neda;&quot;
+and the &quot;stalk&quot; of the fig tree dipping into the stream.</p>
+
+<p>5. When the allied Greeks demanded of the Delphic oracle what would be
+the issue of the battle of Salamis, they received for answer:</p>
+
+Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell<br>
+How thousands fought at Salamis and fell;<br>
+
+<p>but whether the oracle referred to the Greeks or Persians who were to
+fall by &quot;thousands,&quot; was not stated.</p>
+
+<p>6. When CROESUS demanded what would be the issue of the battle against
+the Persians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, he &quot;should behold a
+mighty empire overthrown;&quot; but whether that empire was his own, or that
+of Cyrus, only the actual issue of the fight could determine.</p>
+
+<p>7. Similarly, when PHILIP of Macedon sent to Delphi to inquire if his
+Persian expedition would prove successful, he received for reply, &quot;The
+ready victim crowned for sacrifice stands before the altar.&quot; Philip took
+it for granted that the &quot;ready victim&quot; was the king of Persia, but it
+was himself.</p>
+
+<p>8. TARQUIN sent to Delphi to learn the fate of his struggle with the
+Romans for the recovery of his throne, and was told, &quot;Tarquin will never
+fall till a dog speaks with the voice of a man.&quot; The &quot;dog&quot; was Junius
+Brutus, who was called a dog by way of contempt.</p>
+
+<p>9. When the oracle was asked who would succeed Tarquin, it replied, &quot;He
+who shall first kiss his mother.&quot; Whereupon Junius Brutus fell to the
+earth, and exclaimed, &quot;Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother earth!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke of Somerset, if he wished to
+live, to &quot;avoid where castles mounted stand.&quot; The duke died in an
+ale-house called the Castle, in St. Alban's.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>2 Henry VI.</i>
+act v. sc. 2.</p>
+
+<p>11. A wizard told King Edward IV. that &quot;after him should reign one the
+first letter of whose name should be G.&quot; The king thought the person
+meant was his brother George, but the duke of Gloucester was the person
+pointed at.&mdash;Holinshed, <i>Chronicles</i>; Shakespeare, <i>Richard III.</i> act i.
+sc. I.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erac'lius</b> (<i>The emperor</i>) condemned a knight to death on the
+supposition of murder; but the man supposed to be murdered making his
+appearance, the condemned man was taken back, under the expectation that
+he would be instantly acquitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all three to
+be put to death: the knight, because the emperor had ordered it; the man
+who brought him back, because he had not carried out the emperor's
+order; and the man supposed to be murdered, because he was virtually the
+cause of death to the other two.</p>
+
+<p>This tale is told in the <i>Gesta Romanorum</i>, and Chaucer has put it into
+the mouth of his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, in his <i>De Ira</i>;
+but he ascribes it to Cornelius Piso, and not to Eraclius.</p>
+
+<p><b>&Eacute;raste</b> (<i>2 syl.</i>), hero of <i>Les F&aring;cheux</i> by Moli&egrave;re. He is in love
+with Orphiso (<i>2 syl.</i>), whose tutor is Damis (1661).</p>
+
+<p><b>Er'celdoun</b> (<i>Thomas of</i>), also called &quot;Thomas the Rhymer,&quot;
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called <i>Castle Dangerous</i> (time,
+Henry I.).</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not dead, but that he is sleeping
+beneath the Eildon Hills, in Scotland. One day, he met with a lady of
+elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she led him to an under-ground
+region, where he remained for seven years. He then revisited the earth,
+but bound himself to return when summoned. One day, when he was making
+merry with his friends, he was told that a hart and hind were parading
+the street; and he knew it was his summons, so he immediately went to
+the Eildon tree, and has never since been heard of.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: symbol] This tale is substantially the same in the German
+one of <i>Tannh&auml;user</i> (<i>q.v.</i>).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ereck</b>, a knight of the Round Table. He marries the beautiful Enite
+(<i>2 syl</i>.), daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a state of
+idleness and effeminacy, till Enite rouses him to action. He then goes
+forth on an expedition of adventures, and after combating with brigands,
+giants, and dwarfs, returns to the court of King Arthur, where he
+remains till the death of his father. He then enters on his inheritance,
+and lives peaceably the rest of his life.&mdash;Hartmann von der Aue, <i>Ereck</i>
+(thirteenth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ereen'ia</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), a glendoveer' or good spirit, the beloved son
+of Cas'yapa (<i>3 syl</i>.), father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity on
+Kail'yal (<i>2 syl</i>.), daughter of Ladur'lad, and carried her to his Bower
+of Bliss in paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could not stay, because
+she was still a living daughter of earth. On her return to earth, she
+was chosen for the bride of Jagannaut, and Ar'valan came to dishonor
+her; but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia came to her rescue.
+Ereenia was set upon by the witch Lor'rimite (<i>3 syl</i>.), and carried to
+the submerged city of Baly, whence he was delivered by Ladurlad. The
+glendoveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, but the god sent him to Yamen
+(<i>i.e.</i> Pluto), and Yamen said the measure of iniquity was now full, so
+Arvalan and his father Kehama were both made inmates of the city of
+everlasting woe; while Ereenia carried Kailyal, who had quaffed the
+waters of immortality, to his Bower of Bliss, to dwell with him in
+everlasting joy.&mdash;Southey, <i>Curse of Kehoma</i> (1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eret'rian Bull</b> <i>(The).</i> Menede'mos of Eretria, in Eubae'a, was
+called &quot;Bull&quot; from the bull-like breadth and gravity of his face. He
+founded the Eretrian school (fourth century B.C.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eric</b>, &quot;Windy-cap,&quot; king of Sweden. He could make the wind blow from
+any quarter by simply turning his cap. Hence arose the expression, &quot;a
+capful of wind.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Eric Gray.</b> A young man whose religious principles will not let him
+marry the girl he loves because she has not &quot;joined the church.&quot; His old
+love tells the story after his funeral.</p>
+
+&quot;And all my heart went forward, past the shadows and the cross,<br>
+Even to that home where perfect love hath never thorn nor loss;<br>
+Where neither do they marry, nor in marriage are given,<br>
+But are like unto the angels in GOD'S house, which is Heaven.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Margaret E. Sangster, <i>Eric's Funeral</i> (1882).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erichtho</b> <i>[Erik'.tho]</i>, the famous Thessaliaii witch consulted by
+Pompey.&mdash;Lucan, <i>Pharsalia</i>, vi.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erickson</b> <i>(Sweyn)</i>, a fisherman at Jarlshof.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eric'tho,</b> the witch in John Marston's tragedy called <i>The Wonder of
+Women</i> or <i>Sophonisba</i> (160)5.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erig'ena</b> (<i>John Scotus</i>), called &quot;Scotus the Wise.&quot; He must not be
+confounded with Duns Scotus, &quot;the Subtle Doctor,&quot; who lived some four
+centuries later. Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 1308.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erig'one</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the constellation <i>Virgo</i>. She was the
+daughter of Icarios, an Athenian, who was murdered by some drunken
+peasants. Erigon&ecirc; discovered the dead body by the aid of her father's
+dog Moera, who became the star called <i>Canis</i>.</p>
+
+... &quot;that virgin, frail Erigon&ecirc;,<br>
+Who by compassion got pre&euml;minence.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Lord Brooke, <i>Of Nobility</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erill'yab</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the widowed and deposed Queen of the Hoamen
+(2 <i>syl</i>.), an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri.
+Her husband was King Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc when he
+reached America, espoused her cause, and succeeded in restoring her to
+her throne and empire.&mdash;Southey, <i>Madoc</i> (1805).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eriphy'le</b> (4 <i>syl</i>.), the wife of Amphiara'os. Being bribed by a
+golden necklace, she betrayed to Polyni-c&ecirc;s where her husband had
+concealed himself that he might not go to the seige of Thebes, where he
+knew that he should be killed. Congreve calls the word Eriph'yle.</p>
+
+When Eriphyl&ecirc; broke her plighted faith,<br>
+And for a bribe procured her husband's death.<br>
+
+<p>Ovid, <i>Art of Love</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Erisich'thon</b> (should be <i>Erysichthon</i>), a Thessaliad, whose
+appetite was insatiable. Having spent all his estate in the purchase of
+food, nothing was left but his daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy
+food for his voracious appetite; but Metra had the power of transforming
+herself into any shape she chose, so as often as as her father sold her,
+she changed her form and returned to him. After a time, Erisichthon was
+reduced to feed upon himself.&mdash;Ovid, <i>Metaph</i>, viii. 2 (740 to end).</p>
+
+<p>Drayton says when the Wyre saw her goodly oak trees sold for firewood,
+she bethought her of Erisichthon's end, who, &quot;when nor sea, nor land,
+sufficient were,&quot; ate his own flesh.&mdash;<i>Polyolbion</i>, vii.</p>
+
+So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say),<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding;</span><br>
+Ten thousand dishes severed every day,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing.</span><br>
+In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed;<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A whole camp's meat he in his gorge inhumed;</span><br>
+And all consumed, his hunger yet was unconsumed.<br>
+
+<p>Phineas Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i> (1633).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erland,</b> father of Norna &quot;of the Fitful Head.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Pirate</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erl-King,</b> a spirit of mischief, which haunts the Black Forest of
+Thuringia.</p>
+
+<p>Goethe has a ballad called the <i>Erl-k&ouml;nig</i>, and Herder has translated
+the Danish ballad of <i>Sir Olaf and the Erl-King's Daughter</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home through the night and storm
+with a child in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, who entices the
+child with promises of fairy-gifts, and finally kills it.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ermangarde of Baldringham</b> (<i>The Lady</i>), aunt of the Lady Eveline
+Berenger &quot;the betrothed.&quot;&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Betrothed</i> (time, Henry
+II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Er'meline</b> (<i>Dame</i>), the wife of Reynard, in the beast-epic called
+<i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ermin'ia,</b> the heroine of <i>Jerusalem Delivered</i>. She fell in love
+with Tancred, and when the Christian army beseiged Jerusalem, arrayed
+herself in Clorinda's armor to go to him. After certain adventures, she
+found him wounded, and nursed him tenderly; but the poet has not told us
+what was the ultimate lot of this fair Syrian.&mdash;Tasso, <i>Jerusalem
+Delivered</i> (1575).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erna'ni,</b> the robber-captain, duke of Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord
+of Aragon, and count of Ernani. He is in love with Elvi'ra, the
+betrothed of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom she
+detests. Charles V. falls in love with her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani
+in a league against their common rival. During this league Ernani gives
+Ruy Gomez a horn, saying, &quot;Sound but this horn, and at that moment
+Ernani will cease to live.&quot; Just as he is about to espouse Elvira, the
+horn is sounded, and Ernani stabs himself.&mdash;Verdi, <i>Ernani</i> (an opera,
+1841).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ernest</b> (<i>Duke</i>), son-in-law of Kaiser Konrad II. He murders his
+feudal lord, and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to expiate his
+crime. The poem so called is a mixture of Homeric legends, Oriental
+myths, and pilgrims' tales. We have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and
+enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and devotees. After a world of
+hair-breadth escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepulchre, pays his
+vows, returns to Germany, and is pardoned.&mdash;Henry Von Veldig
+(minnesinger), <i>Duke Ernest</i> (twelfth century).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ernest de Fridberg,</b> &quot;the prisoner of the State.&quot; He was imprisoned
+in the dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress for fifteen years on a
+false charge of treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter by the countess
+Marie), dressed in the clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb jailor-boy,
+gets access to the dungeon and contrives his escape; but he is retaken,
+and led back to the dungeon. Being subsequently set at liberty, he
+marries the countess Marie (the mother of Ulrica).&mdash;E. Stirling, <i>The
+Prisoner of State</i> (1847.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eros,</b> the manumitted slave of Antony the triumvir. Antony made Eros
+swear that he would kill him if commanded by him so to do. When in
+Egypt, Antony after the battle of Actium, fearing lest he should fall
+into the hands of Octavius C&aelig;sar, ordered Eros to keep his promise. Eros
+drew his sword, but thrust it into his own side, and fell dead at the
+feet of Antony. &quot;O noble Eros,&quot; cried Antony, &quot;I thank thee for teaching
+me how to die!&quot;&mdash;Plutarch.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, and in
+Dryden's <i>All for Love or the World Well Lost</i>.</p>
+
+<p>(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and hence amorous poetry is called
+Erotic.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eros'tratos</b> (in Latin EROSTRATUS), the incendiary who set fire to
+the temple of Diana of Ephesus, that his name might be perpetuated. An
+edict was published, prohibiting any mention of the name, but the edict
+was wholly ineffective.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg">Charles V., wishing to be shown over the Pantheon [<i>All Saints</i>] of
+Rome, was taken to the top by a Roman knight. At parting, the knight
+told the emperor that he felt an almost irresistible desire to push his
+majesty down from the top of the building, &quot;in order to immortalize his
+name.&quot; Unlike Erostratos, the name of this knight has not transpired.
+<b>Ero'ta,</b> a very beautiful but most imperious princess, passionately
+beloved by Philander, Prince of Cyprus.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The
+Laws of Candy</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erra-Pater,</b> an almanac, an almanac-maker, an astrologer. Samuel
+Butler calls Lilly, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, which we are told
+was the name of a famous Jewish astrologer.</p>
+
+His only Bible was an Erra-Pater.<br>
+<br>
+Phin. Fletcher, <i>The Purple Island</i>, vii. (1633).<br>
+<br>
+&quot;What's here? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl&quot;<br>
+[<i>the person was Foresight</i>].<br>
+
+<p>Congreve, <i>Love for Love</i>, iv. (1695).</p>
+
+<p><b>Erragon,</b> king of Lora (in Scandinavia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief,
+offered him his services, and obtained several important victories; but
+Lorma, the king's wife, falling in love with him, the guilty pair
+escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded the country, and slew Aldo in single
+combat, but was himself slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni. As for
+Lorma, she died of grief.&mdash;Ossian, <i>The Battle of Lora</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Errant Damsel</b> (<i>The</i>), Una.&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. 1 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Errima,</b> Greek maiden chidden by her mother for dreaming of Sappho,
+and Lesbian dances and Delphian lyre, and commanded to</p>
+
+&quot;rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy spinning.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>She answers that talk of matron dignities and household tasks wearies
+her:</p>
+
+&quot;I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay:<br>
+Forego them all for room to chant out free<br>
+The silent rhythms I hum within my heart,<br>
+And so for ever leave my weary spinning!&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Margaret J. Preston, <i>Old Song and New</i>. (1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Errol</b> (<i>Cedric</i>). Bright American boy, living with his widowed
+mother, whose grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for and adopts him.
+The boy's sweetness of manners and nobility of nature conquer the old
+man's prejudices, and win him to sympathy and co-operation in his
+schemes for making the world better.&mdash;Frances Hodgson Burnett, <i>Little
+Lord Fauntleroy</i> (1889).</p>
+
+<p><b>Errol</b> (<i>Gilbert, earl of</i>), lord high constable of Scotland.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Error,</b> a monster who lived in a den in &quot;Wandering Wood,&quot; and with,
+whom the Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. She had a brood of
+1000 young ones of sundry shape, and these cubs crept into their
+mother's mouth when alarmed, as young kangaroos creep into their
+mother's pouch. The knight was nearly killed by the stench which issued
+from the foul fiend, but he succeeded in &quot;rafting&quot; her head off,
+whereupon the brood lapped up the blood, and burst with satiety.</p>
+
+Half like a serpent horribly displayed,<br>
+But th' other half did woman's shape retain.<br>
+And as she lay upon the dirty ground,<br>
+Her huge long tail her den all overspread,<br>
+Yet was in knots and many boughts [<i>folds</i>] up-wound,<br>
+Pointed with mortal sting.<br>
+
+<p>Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, i. 1 (1590).</p>
+
+<p><b>Error of Artists,</b> (See ANACHRONISMS).</p>
+
+<p>ANGELO (<i>Michel</i>), in his great picture of the &quot;Last Judgment&quot; has
+introduced Charon's bark.</p>
+
+<p>BREUGHEL, the Dutch painter, in a picture of the &quot;Wise Men of the East&quot;
+making their offerings to the infant Jesus, has represented one of them
+dressed in a large white surplice, booted and spurred, offering the
+model of a Dutch seventy-four to the infant.</p>
+
+<p>ETTY has placed by the bedside of Holofernes a helmet of the period of
+the seventeenth century.</p>
+
+<p>MAZZOCHI (<i>Paulo</i>), in his &quot;Symbolical Painting of the Four Elements,&quot;
+represents the sea by <i>fishes</i>, the earth by <i>moles</i>, fire by a
+<i>salamander</i>, and air by a <i>camel</i>! Evidently he mistook the chameleon
+(which traditionally lives on air) for a camel.</p>
+
+<p>TINTORET, in a picture which represents the &quot;Israelites Gathering Manna
+in the Wilderness,&quot; has armed the men with guns.</p>
+
+<p>VERONESE (<i>Paul</i>), in his &quot;Marriage Feast of Cana of Galilee,&quot; has
+introduced among the guests several Benedictines.</p>
+
+<p>WEST, president of the Royal Academy, has represented Paris the Phrygian
+in Roman costume.</p>
+
+<p>WESTMINSTER HALL is full of absurdities. Witness the following as
+specimens:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a Roman cuirass and sandals, but on
+his head is a full-bottomed wig of the eighteenth century.</p>
+
+<p>The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in the costume of a Roman emperor, and
+his duchess in the court dress of George I. period.</p>
+
+<p><b>Errors of Authors,</b> (See ANACHRONISMS.)</p>
+
+<p>AKENSIDE. He views the Ganges from <i>Alpine</i> heights.&mdash;<i>Pleasures of
+Imagination</i>.</p>
+
+<p>ALLISON (<i>Sir Archibald</i>), says: &quot;<i>Sir Peregine Pickle</i> was one of the
+pall-bearers of the Duke of Wellington.&quot;&mdash;<i>Life of Lord Castlereagh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In his <i>History of Europe</i>, the phrase <i>droit de timbre</i> (&quot;stamp duty&quot;)
+he translates &quot;timber duties.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>ARTICLES OF WAR FOR THE ARMY. It is ordered &quot;that every recruit shall
+have the 40th and 46th of the articles read to him.&quot; (art. iii.).</p>
+
+<p>The 40th article relates wholly to the misconduct of <i>chaplains</i>, and
+has no sort of concern with recruits. Probably the 41st is meant, which
+is about mutiny and insubordination.</p>
+
+<p>BROWNE (<i>William</i>) <i>Apell&ecirc;s' Curtain</i>. W. Browne says:</p>
+
+If ... I set my pencil to Appell&ecirc;s table [painting]<br>
+Or dare to <i>draw his curtain</i>.<br>
+
+<p><i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, ii. 2.</p>
+
+<p>This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, but by Parrhasius, who lived a
+full century before Apelles. The contest was between Zeuxis and
+Parrhasius. The former exhibited a bunch of grapes which deceived the
+birds, and the latter a curtain which deceived the competitor.</p>
+
+<p>BRUYSSEL (<i>E. von</i>) says: &quot;According to Homer, Achill&ecirc;s had a vulnerable
+heel.&quot; It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth to Homer. The blind
+old bard nowhere says a word about it. The story of dipping Achill&ecirc;s in
+the river Styx is altogether post-Homeric.</p>
+
+<p>BYRON. <i>Xerxes' Ships</i>. Byron says that Xerxes looked on his &quot;ships by
+thousands&quot; off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire number of sails were
+1200; of these 400 were wrecked before the battle off the coast of
+S&ecirc;pias, so that even supposing the whole of the rest were engaged, the
+number could not exceed 800.&mdash;<i>Isles of Greece</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Isle Teos</i>. In the same poem he refers to &quot;Teos&quot; as one of the
+isles of Greece, but Teos is a maritime town on the coast of Ionia, in
+Asia Minor.</p>
+
+<p>CERVANTES. <i>Dorothea's Father</i>. Dorothea represents herself as Queen of
+Micomicon, because both her father and mother were <i>dead</i>, but Don
+Quixote speaks of him to her as <i>alive</i>.&mdash;Pt. I. iv. 8.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mambrino's Helmet</i>. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are told that the galley-slaves
+set free by Don Quixote assaulted him with stones, and &quot;snatching the
+basin from his head, <i>broke it to pieces</i>.&quot; In bk. iv. 15 we find this
+basin quite whole and sound, the subject of a judicial inquiry, the
+question being whether it was a helmet or a barber's basin. Sancho (ch.
+11) says, he &quot;picked it up, bruised and battered, intending to get it
+mended;&quot; but he says, &quot;I broke it to pieces,&quot; or, according to one
+translator, &quot;broke it into a thousand pieces.&quot; In bk. iv. 8 we are told
+that Don Quixote &quot;came from his chamber armed <i>cap-&agrave;-pie</i>, with the
+barber's basin on his head.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Sancho's Ass</i>. We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) that Gines de Passamonte
+&quot;stole Sancho's ass.&quot; Sancho laments the loss with true pathos, and the
+knight condoles with him. But soon afterwards Cervantes says: &quot;He
+<i>[Sancho]</i> jogged on leisurely upon his ass after his master.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Sancho's Great-coat</i>. Sancho Panza, we are told, left his wallet behind
+in the Crescent Moon tavern, where he was tossed in a blanket, and put
+the provisions left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5). The
+galley-slaves robbed him of &quot;his <i>great-coat</i>, leaving only his doublet&quot;
+(ch. 8), but in the next chapter (9) we find &quot;the victuals had not been
+touched,&quot; though the rascals &quot;searched diligently for booty.&quot; Now, if
+the food was in the great-coat, and the great-coat was stolen, how is it
+that the victuals remained in Sancho's possession untouched?</p>
+
+<p><i>Sancho's Wallet</i>. We are told that Sancho left his wallet by mistake at
+the tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 5), but in ch. 9, when he
+found the portmanteau, &quot;he crammed the gold and linen into his
+wallet.&quot;&mdash;Pt. I. iii.</p>
+
+<p>To make these oversights more striking, the author says, when Sancho
+found the portmanteau, &quot;he entirely forgot the loss of his <i>wallet</i>, his
+<i>great-coat</i>, and of his faithful companion and servant Dapple&quot; (<i>the
+ass</i>).</p>
+
+<p><i>Supper</i>. Cervantes makes the party at the Crescent tavern eat two
+suppers in one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders in supper, and &quot;after
+supper&quot; they read the story of <i>Fatal Curiosity</i>. In ch. 12 we are told
+&quot;the cloth was laid [<i>again</i>] for supper,&quot; and the company sat down to
+it, quite forgetting that they had already supped.&mdash;Pt. I. iv.</p>
+
+<p>CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA states that &quot;the fame of Beaumarchais rests on
+his two operas, <i>Le Barbier de Seville</i> (1755) and <i>Le Mariage de
+Figaro</i>.&quot; Every one knows that Mozart composed the opera of <i>Figaro</i>
+(1786), and that Casti wrote the libretto. The opera of <i>Le Barbier de
+Seville</i>, or rather <i>Il Barbiere di Siviglia</i>, was composed by Rossini,
+in 1816. What Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, one in four acts and
+the other in five acts.&mdash;Art. &quot;Beaumarchais.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL. We are told, in a paper entitled &quot;Coincidences,&quot;
+that Thursday has proved a fatal day with the Tudors, for on that day
+died Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. If
+this had been the case it would, indeed, have been startling; but what
+are the facts? Henry VIII. died on <i>Friday</i>, January 28, 1547, and
+Elizabeth died on <i>Monday</i>, March 24, 1603.&mdash;Rymer, <i>Foedera</i>, xv.</p>
+
+<p>In the same paper we are told with equal inaccuracy that <i>Saturday</i> has
+been fatal to the present dynasty, &quot;for William IV. and every one of the
+Georges died on a Saturday.&quot; What, however, says history proper? William
+IV. died on <i>Tuesday</i>, June 20, 1837; George I. died <i>Wednesday</i>.</p>
+
+<p>June 11, 1727; George III. died <i>Monday</i>, January 29, 1820; George IV.
+died <i>Sunday</i>, June 26, 1830; and only George II. died on a <i>Saturday</i>,
+&quot;the day [<i>so</i>] fatal to the present dynasty.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>CHAUCER says: The throstle-cock sings so sweet a tone that Tubal
+himself, the first musican, could not equal it.&mdash;<i>The Court of Love</i>. Of
+course he means Jubal.</p>
+
+<p>CIBBER (<i>Colley</i>), in his <i>Love Makes a Man</i>, i., makes Carlos the
+student say, &quot;For the cure of herds [<i>Virgil's</i>] <i>bucolicks</i> are a
+master-piece; but when his art describes the commonwealth of bees ...
+I'm ravished.&quot; He means <i>Georgics</i>. The <i>Bucolics</i> are eclogues, and
+never touch upon either of these subjects. The diseases and cures of
+cattle are in <i>Georgic</i> iii., and the habits, etc., of bees, <i>Georgic</i>
+iv.</p>
+
+<p>CID (<i>The</i>). When Alfonso succeeded his brother Sancho and banished the
+Cid, Rodrigo is made to say:</p>
+
+Prithee say where were these gallants<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Bold enough when far from blows)?</span><br>
+Where were they when I, unaided,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rescued thee from thirteen foes?</span><br>
+
+<p>The historic fact is, not that Rodrigo rescued Alfonso from thirteen
+foes, but that the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of Alfonso's foes.
+Eleven he slew, and two he put to flight.&mdash;<i>The Cid</i>, xvi. 78.</p>
+
+<p>COLMAN. Job Thornberry says to Peregrine, who offers to assist him in
+his difficulties, &quot;Desist, young man, in time.&quot; But Peregrine was at
+least 45 years old when so addressed. He was 15 when Job first knew him,
+and had been absent thirty years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry himself was
+not above five or six years older.</p>
+
+<p>COWPER calls the rose &quot;the glory of April and May,&quot; but June is the
+great rose month. In the south of England they begin to bloom in the
+latter half of May, and go on to the middle of July. April roses would
+be horticultural curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>CRITICS at fault. The licentiate tells Don Quixote that some critics
+found fault with him for defective memory, and instanced it in this; &quot;We
+are told that Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has forgotten to
+mention who the thief was.&quot; This is not the case, as we are distinctly
+informed that it was stolen by Gines de Passamonte, one of the galley
+slaves.&mdash;<i>Don Quixote</i>, II. i. 3.</p>
+
+<p>DICKENS, in <i>Edwin Drood</i>, puts &quot;rooks and rooks' nests&quot; (instead of
+daws) &quot;in the tower of Cloisterham.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i> he presents Mr. Squeers as setting his boys &quot;to
+hoe turnips&quot; in midwinter.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>The Tale of Two Cities</i>, iii. 4, he says: &quot;The name of the strong
+man of Old Scripture descended to the chief functionary who worked the
+guillotine.&quot; But the name of this functionary was Sanson, not Samson.</p>
+
+<p>GALEN says that man has seven bones in the sternum (instead of three);
+and Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends that &quot;in days of yore the
+robust chests of heroes had more bones than men now have.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>GREENE (<i>Robert</i>) speaks of Delphos as an <i>island</i>; But Delphos, or
+rather Delphi, was a city of Phocis, and no island. &quot;Six noblemen were
+sent to the isle of Delphos.&quot;&mdash;<i>Donastus and Faunia</i>. Probably he
+confounded the city of Delphi with the isle of Delos.</p>
+
+<p>HALLIWELL, in his <i>Archaic Dictionary</i>, says: &quot;Crouchmas means
+Christmas,&quot; and adds that Tusser is his authority. But this is
+altogether a mistake. Tusser, in his &quot;<i>May</i> Remembrances,&quot; says: &quot;From
+bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be past,&quot; <i>i.e.</i> St. Helen's Day. Tusser
+evidently means from May 3 (the invention of the Cross) to August 18
+(St. Helen's Day or the Cross-mas), not Christmas.</p>
+
+<p>HIGGONS (<i>Bevil</i>) says:</p>
+
+The Cyprian queen, drawn by Apell&ecirc;s hand.<br>
+Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand!<br>
+But then bright nymphs from every part of Greece<br>
+Did all contribute to adorn the piece.<br>
+
+<p><i>To Sir Godfrey Kneller</i> (1780).</p>
+
+<p>Tradition says that Apell&ecirc;s model was either Phyrne, or Campasp&ecirc;,
+afterwards his wife. Campbell has borrowed these lines, but ascribes the
+painting to Protog'en&ecirc;s the Rhodian.</p>
+
+When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed<br>
+The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade,<br>
+The happy master mingled in the piece<br>
+Each look that charmed him in the fair of Greece.<br>
+
+<p><i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, ii.</p>
+
+<p>JOHNSON (<i>Dr</i>.) makes Addison speak of Steele as &quot;Little Dicky&quot; whereas
+the person so called by Addison was not Richard Steele, but a dwarfish
+actor who played &quot;Gomez&quot; in Dryden's <i>Spanish Fryar</i>.</p>
+
+<p>LONDON NEWSPAPER (<i>A</i>), one of the leading journals of the day, has
+spoken three times within two years of &quot;passing <i>under</i> the Caudine
+Forks,&quot; evidently supposing them to be a &quot;yoke&quot; instead of a valley or
+mountain pass.</p>
+
+<p>LONGFELLOW calls Erig'ena a <i>Scotchman</i>, whereas the very word means an
+Irishman.</p>
+
+Done into Latin by that Scottish beast.<br>
+Erigena Johannes.<br>
+
+<p><i>Golden Legend</i>.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Without doubt, the poet mistook John Duns <i>[Scottus]</i>, who died in
+1308, for John Scottus <i>[Erigena]</i>, who died in 875. Erigena translated
+into Latin, <i>St. Dionysius.</i> He was latitudinarian in his views, and
+anything but 'a Scottish beast or Calvinist.'&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>The Two Angels</i>. Longfellow crowns the <i>death-angel</i> with amaranth,
+with which Milton says, &quot;the spirits elect bind their resplendent
+locks;&quot; and his angel of <i>life</i> he crowns with asphodels, the flowers of
+Pluto or the grave.</p>
+
+<p>MELVILLE (<i>Whyte</i>) makes a very prominent part of his story called
+<i>Holmby House</i> turn on the death of a favorite hawk named Diamond, which
+Mary Cave tossed off, and saw &quot;fall lifeless at the king's feet&quot; (ch.
+xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this very hawk is represented to be alive; &quot;proud,
+beautiful, and cruel, like a <i>Venus Victrix</i> it perched on her
+mistress's wrist, unhooded.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>MILTON. &quot;Colkitto or Macdonnel or Galasp.&quot; In this line of Sonnet XI,
+Milton seems to speak of three different persons, but in reality they
+are one and the same; i.e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, son of
+Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch means left-handed.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Comus</i> (ver. 880) he makes the siren Ligea sleek her hair with a
+golden comb, as if she were a Scandinavian mermaid.</p>
+
+<p>MOORE (<i>Thom</i>.) says:</p>
+
+The sunflower turns on her god, when he sets,<br>
+The same look which she turned when he rose.<br>
+
+<p><i>Irish Melodies</i>, ii. (&quot;Believe Me, if all those
+Endearing Young Charms&quot;).</p>
+
+<p>The sunflower does not turn either to the rising or setting sun. It
+receives its name solely because it resembles a picture sun. It is not a
+turn-sun or heliotrope at all.</p>
+
+<p>MORRIS (<i>W</i>.), in his <i>Atalanta's Race</i>, renders the Greek word
+<i>Saophron</i> &quot;safron,&quot; and says:</p>
+
+She the saffron gown will never wear,<br>
+And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid;<br>
+
+<p><i>i.e.</i> she will never be a bride. Nonnius (bk. xii.) tells us that
+virtuous women wore a girdled gown called <i>Saophron</i> (&quot;chaste&quot;), to
+indicate their purity and to prevent indecorous liberties. The gown was
+not yellow at all, but it was girded with a girdle.</p>
+
+<p>MURPHY, in the <i>Grecian Daughter</i>, says (act i. 1):</p>
+
+Have you forgot the elder Dionysius,<br>
+Surnamed the Tyrant?... Evander came from Greece,<br>
+And sent the tyrant to his humble rank,<br>
+Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence,<br>
+A wandering sophist thro' the realms of Greece.<br>
+
+<p>It was not Dionysius the <i>Elder</i>, but Dionysius the <i>Younger</i>, who was
+the &quot;wandering sophist;&quot; and it was not Evander, but Timoleon, who
+dethroned him. The elder Dionysius was not dethroned at all, nor even
+reduced &quot;to humble rank.&quot; He reigned thirty-eight years without
+interruption, and died a king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the
+age of 63.</p>
+
+<p>In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia says to Dionysius the Younger:</p>
+
+Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius.<br>
+
+<p>It was not the father, but the son, (Dionysius the Younger) who lived in
+exile at Corinth.</p>
+
+<p>In the same play he makes Timo'leon victorious over the Syracusans (that
+is historically correct); and he makes Euphrasia stab Dionysius the
+Younger, whereas he retreated to Corinth, and spent his time in
+debauchery, but supported himself by keeping a school. Of his death
+nothing is known, but certainly he was not stabbed to death by
+Euphrasia.&mdash;See Plutarch.</p>
+
+<p>RYMER, in his <i>Foedera</i>, ascribes to Henry I. (who died in 1135) a
+preaching expedition for the restoration of Rochester Church, injured by
+fire in 1177 (vol. I i. 9).</p>
+
+<p>In the previous page Rymer ascribes to Henry I. a deed of gift from
+&quot;Henry, king of England and <i>lord of Ireland</i>;&quot; but every one knows that
+Ireland was conquered by Henry II., and the deed referred to was the act
+of Henry III.</p>
+
+<p>On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, in 1298, to swear &quot;in no wise to
+confederate with Richard I.&quot;; whereas Richard I. died in 1199.</p>
+
+<p>SABINE MAID (<i>The</i>). G. Gilfillan, in his introductory essay to
+Longfellow, says: &quot;His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid, have
+not crushed him.&quot; Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome to the Sabines,
+and was crushed to death by their shields, was not a <i>Sabine</i> maid, but
+a Roman.</p>
+
+<p>SCOTT (<i>Sir Walter</i>). In the <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> we read;:</p>
+
+<p>She <i>[Effie Deans</i>] amused herself with visiting the dairy ... and was
+so near discovering herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaintance
+with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared herself
+to Bedredeen Hassan, whom the vizier his father in-law discovered by his
+superlative skill in composing cream-tarts with pepper in them.</p>
+
+<p>In these few lines are several gross errors: (1) cream-tarts should be
+<i>cheese-cakes</i>; (2) the charge was &quot;that he made cheese-cakes <i>without</i>
+putting pepper in them,&quot; and not that he made &quot;cream-tarts <i>with</i>
+pepper;&quot; (3) it was not the vizier, his father-in-law and uncle, but his
+mother, the widow of Nouredeen, who made the discovery, and why? for the
+best of all reasons&mdash;because she herself had taught her son the receipt.
+The party were at Damascus at the time.&mdash;<i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Nouredeen
+Ali,&quot; etc.). (See page 389, &quot;Thackeray.&quot;)</p>
+
+&quot;What!&quot; said Bedredeen, &quot;was everything in<br>
+my house to be broken and destroyed ... only<br>
+because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake!&quot;<br>
+
+<p><i>Arabian Nights</i> (&quot;Nouredeen Ali,&quot; etc.).</p>
+
+<p>Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of &quot;the philosopher who appealed from
+Philip inflamed with wine to Philip in his hours of sobriety&quot;
+(<i>Antiquary</i>, x.). This &quot;philosopher&quot; was a poor old woman.</p>
+
+<p>SHAKESPEARE. <i>Althaea and the Fire-brand</i>. Shakespeare says, (<i>Henry
+IV</i>. act ii. sc. 2) that &quot;Althaea dreamt that she was delivered of a
+fire-brand.&quot; It was not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a little
+before Paris was born, that her offspring was a brand that consumed the
+kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that the Fates laid a log of wood on a
+fire, and told her that her son would live till that log was consumed;
+whereupon she snatched up the log and kept it from the fire, till one
+day her son Melea'ger offended her, when she flung the log on the fire,
+and her son died, as the Fates predicted.</p>
+
+<p><i>Bohemia's Coast</i>. In the <i>Winter's Tale</i> the vessel bearing the infant
+Perdita is &quot;driven by storm on the coast of Bohemia;&quot; but Bohemia has no
+seaboard at all.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Coriolanus</i>, Shakespeare makes Volumnia the mother, and Virgilia the
+wife, of Coriolanus; but his <i>wife</i> was Volumnia, and his <i>mother</i>
+Veturia.</p>
+
+<p><i>Delphi an Island</i>. In the same drama (act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is spoken
+of as an island; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, containing a temple to
+Apollo. It is no island at all.</p>
+
+<p><i>Duncan's Murder</i>. Macbeth did not murder Duncan in the castle of
+Inverness, as stated in the play, but at &quot;the smith's house,&quot; near Elgin
+(1039).</p>
+
+<p><i>Elsinore</i>. Shakespeare speaks of the beetling cliff of Elsinore,
+whereas Elsinore has no cliffs at all.</p>
+
+What if it [<i>the ghost</i>] tempt you toward the flood.<br>
+Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff<br>
+That beetles o'er its base into the sea?<br>
+
+<p><i>Hamlet</i>, act i. sc. 4.</p>
+
+<p><i>The Ghost</i>, in <i>Hamlet</i>, is evidently a Roman Catholic; he talks of
+purgatory, absolution, and other Catholic dogmas; but the Danes at
+the time were pagans.</p>
+
+<p><i>St. Louis</i>. Shakespeare, in <i>Henry V</i>. act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X.
+&quot;St. Louis,&quot; but &quot;St. Louis&quot; was Louis IX. It was Louis IX. whose
+&quot;grandmother was Isabel,&quot; issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of the
+Carlovingians. Louis X. was the son of Philippe IV. (<i>le Bel</i>) and
+grandson of Philippe III. and &quot;Isabel of Aragon,&quot; not Isabel, &quot;heir of
+Capet of the line of Charles the duke of Lorain.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Macbeth</i> was no tyrant, as Shakespeare makes him out to be, but a firm
+and equitable prince, whose title to the throne was better than that of
+Duncan.</p>
+
+<p>Again, <i>Macbeth</i> was not slain by Macduff at Dunsin'ane, but made his
+escape from the battle, and was slain in 1056, at Lumphanan.&mdash;Lardner,
+<i>Cabinet Cyc</i>., 17-19.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>The Winter's Tale</i>, act v. sc. 2, one of the gentlemen refers to
+Julio Romano, the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), certainly
+some 1800 years or more before Romano was born.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Twelfth Night</i>, the Illyrian clown speaks of St. Bennet's Church,
+London. &quot;The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure, or the bells of
+St. Bennet's sure may put you in mind: one, two, three&quot; (act v. sc. 1);
+as if the duke was a Londoner.</p>
+
+<p>SPENSER. <i>Bacchus</i> or <i>Saturn</i>? In the <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iii. 11, Britomart
+saw in the castle of Bu'sirane (<i>3 syl</i>.), a picture descriptive of the
+love of Saturn, who had changed himself into a centaur out of love for
+Erig'on&ecirc;. It was not Saturn, but Bacchus who loved Erig'on&ecirc;, and he was
+not tranformed into a centaur, but to a horse.</p>
+
+<p><i>Beon&ecirc;</i> or <i>Oenon&ecirc;</i>? In bk. vi. 9 (<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>) the lady-love of Paris
+is called Benon&ecirc;, which ought to be Oenon&ecirc;. The poet says that Paris
+was &quot;by Plexippus' brook&quot; when the golden apple was brought to him; but
+no such brook is mentioned by any classic author.</p>
+
+<p><i>Critias and Socrates</i>. In bk. ii. 7 <i>(Fa&euml;ry Queen)</i> Spenser says: &quot;The
+wise Socrates ... poured out his life ... to the dear Critias; his
+dearest bel-amie.&quot; It was not Socrat&ecirc;s, but Theram'enes, one of the
+thirty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, said smiling, &quot;This I
+drink to the health of fair Critias.&quot;&mdash;Cicero, <i>Tusculan Questions</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Critias</i> or <i>Crito</i>? In <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. (introduction), Spenser says
+that Socrates often discoursed of love to his friend Critias; but it was
+Crito, or rather Criton that the poet means.</p>
+
+<p><i>Cyprus</i> and <i>Paphos</i>. Spenser makes Sir Scudamore speak of a temple of
+Venus, far more beautiful than &quot;that in Paphos, or that in Cyprus;&quot; but
+Paphos was merely a town in the island of Cyprus, and the &quot;two&quot; are but
+one and the same temple.&mdash;<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, iv. 10.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hippoman&ecirc;s</i>. Spenser says the golden apples of Mammon's garden were
+better than Those with which the Eubaean young man won Swift Atalanta.
+<i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, ii. 7.</p>
+
+<p>The young man was Hippom'an&ecirc;s. He was not a &quot;Eubaean,&quot; but a native of
+Onchestos, in Boeo'tia.</p>
+
+<p>TENNYSON, in the <i>Last Tournament</i>, says (ver. I), Dagonet was knighted
+in mockery by Sir Gaw'ain; but in the <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> we are
+distinctly told that King Arthur knighted him with his own hand (pt. ii.
+91).</p>
+
+<p>In <i>Gareth and Lynette</i> the same poet says that Grareth was the son of
+Lot and Bellicent; but we are told a score times and more in the
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's
+sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36).</p>
+
+<p>King Lot ... wedded Margawse; Nentres ... wedded Elain.&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 2, 35, 36.</p>
+
+<p>In the same <i>Idyll</i> Tennyson has changed Lion&ecirc;s to Lyonors; but,
+according to the collection of romances edited by Sir T. Malory, these
+were quite different persons. Lion&ecirc;s, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and
+sister of Linet of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth (pt. i. 153); but
+Lyonors was the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the unwedded mother of
+Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15).</p>
+
+<p>Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry Lynette, and leaves the true heroine,
+Lyonors, in the cold; but the <i>History</i> makes Grareth marry Lion&ecirc;s
+<i>(Lyonors)</i>, and Gaheris his brother marries Linet.</p>
+
+<p>Thus endeth the history of Sir Gareth, that wedded Dame Liones of the
+Castle Perilous; and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister Dame
+Linet.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i> (end of pt. i.).</p>
+
+<p>Again, in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, by erroneously beginning day with
+sunrise instead of the previous eve, Tennyson reverses the order of the
+knights, and makes the <i>fresh green morn</i> represent the decline of day,
+or, as he calls it, &quot;Hesperus&quot; or &quot;Evening Star;&quot; and the blue star of
+evening he makes &quot;Phosphorus&quot; or the &quot;Morning Star.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Once more, in <i>Gareth and Lynette</i>, the poet-laureate makes the combat
+between Gareth and Death finished at a single blow, but in the
+<i>History</i>, Gareth fights from dawn to dewy eve.</p>
+
+<p>Thus they fought [<i>from sunrise</i>] till it was past noon, and would not
+stint, till, at last both lacked wind, and then stood they wagging,
+staggering, panting, blowing, and bleeding ... and when they had rested
+them awhile, they went to battle again, trasing, rasing, and foyning, as
+two boars ... Thus they endured till evening-song time.&mdash;Sir T. Malory,
+<i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 136.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>the Last Tournament</i>, Tennyson makes Sir Tristram stabbed to death,
+by Sir Mark in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying with his aunt,
+Isolt <i>the Fair</i>, but in the <i>History</i> he was in bed in Brittany,
+severely wounded, and dies of a shock, because his wife tells him the
+ship in which he expected his aunt to come was sailing into port with a
+<i>black</i> sail instead of a white one.</p>
+
+<p>The poet-laureate has deviated so often from the collection of tales
+edited by Sir Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too much space to
+point out his deviations even in the briefest manner.</p>
+
+<p>THACKERAY, in <i>Vanity Fair</i>, has taken from Sir Walter Scott his
+allusion to Bedredeen, and not from the <i>Arabian Nights.</i> He has,
+therefore, fallen into the same error, and added two more. He says: &quot;I
+ought to have remembered the pepper which the Princess of Persia puts
+into the cream-tarts in India, sir&quot; (ch. iii.). The charge was that
+Bedredeen made his <i>cheese-cakes without</i> putting pepper into them. But
+Thackeray has committed in this allusion other blunders. It was not a
+&quot;princess&quot; at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, who for the nonce had become a
+confectioner. He learned the art of making cheese-cakes from his mother
+(a widow). Again, it was not a &quot;princess of Persia,&quot; for Bedredeen's
+mother was the widow of the vizier of Balsora, at that time quite
+independent of Persia.</p>
+
+<p>VICTOR HUGO, in <i>Les Travailleurs de la Mer</i>, renders &quot;the Frith of
+Forth&quot; by the phrase <i>Premier des quatre</i>, mistaking &quot;Frith&quot; <i>for
+first</i>, and &quot;Forth&quot; <i>for fourth</i> or four.</p>
+
+<p>In his <i>Marie Tudor</i> he refers to the <i>History and Annals of Henry VII</i>.
+par Franc Baronum, &quot;meaning&quot; <i>Historia, etc</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Henrici Septimi</i>, per Franciscum Baconum.</p>
+
+<p>VIEGIL has placed &AElig;neas in a harbor which did not exist at the time.
+&quot;Portusque require Velinos&quot; <i>(&AElig;neid</i>, vi. 366). It was Curius Dentatus
+who cut a gorge through the rocks to let the waters of the Velinus into
+the Nar. Before this was done, the Velinus was merely a number of
+stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about the same as if a modern poet
+were to make Columbus pass through the Suez Canal.</p>
+
+<p>In <i>&AElig;neid</i>, in. 171 Virgil makes &AElig;neas speak of &quot;Ausonia;&quot; but as Italy
+was so called from Auson, son of Ulysses and Calypso, of course &AElig;neas
+could not have known the name.</p>
+
+<p>Again, in <i>&AElig;neid</i> ix. 571, he represents Chorinseus as slain by Asy'las;
+but in bk. xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus:</p>
+
+<p>Chorinaeum sternit Asylas</p>
+
+<p>Bk. ix. 571.</p>
+
+<p>Then:</p>
+
+Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinseus ab ara<br>
+Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti<br>
+Occupat os flammis, etc.<br>
+<br>
+Bk. xii. 298, etc.<br>
+
+<p>Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, (ver. 554); but in bk. x. 562
+Numa is alive, and &AElig;neas kills him.</p>
+
+<p>Once more, in bk. x. &AElig;neas slays Camert&ecirc;s (ver. 562); but in bk. xii.
+224 Jaturna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his shape. But if he was
+dead, no one would have been deluded into supposing the figure to be the
+living man.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Of course, every intelligent reader will be able to add to this
+list; but no more space can be allowed for the subject in this
+dictionary.</p>
+
+<p><b>Er'rua</b> (&quot;<i>the mad-cap</i>&quot;), a young man whose wit defeated the
+strength of the giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Polypheme). Thus the
+first competition was in throwing a stone. The giant threw his stone,
+but Errua threw a <i>bird</i>, which the giant supposed to be a stone, and as
+it flew out of sight, Errua won the wager. The next wager was a bar of
+iron. After the giant had thrown, Errua said, &quot;From here to Salamanca;&quot;
+whereupon the giant bade him not to throw, lest the bar of iron should
+kill his father and mother, who lived there; so the giant lost the
+second wager. The third was to pull a tree up by the roots; and the
+giant gave in because Errua had run a cord around a host of trees, and
+said, &quot;You pull up one, but I pull up all these.&quot; The next exploit was
+at bed-time; Errua was to sleep in a certain bed; but he placed a dead
+man in the bed, while he himself got under it. At midnight Tartaro took
+his club and belabored the dead body most unmercifully. When Errua stood
+before Tartaro next morning, the giant was dumbfounded. He asked Errua
+how he had slept. &quot;Excellently well,&quot; said Errua, &quot;but somewhat troubled
+by fleas.&quot; Other trials were made, but always in favor of Errua. At
+length a race was proposed, and Errua sewed into a bag the bowels of a
+pig. When he started, he cut the bag, strewing the bowels on the road.
+When Tartaro was told that his rival had done this to make himself more
+fleet, he cut his belly, and of course killed himself.&mdash;Rev. W. Webster,
+<i>Basque Legends</i> (1877).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ers'kine</b> <i>(The. Rev. Dr</i>.), minister of Grayfriar's Church,
+Edinburgh.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Er'tanax,</b> a fish common in the Euphrat&ecirc;s.
+The bones of this fish impart
+courage and strength.</p>
+
+A fish ... haunteth the flood of Eufrat&ecirc;s ...<br>
+it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such<br>
+a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he<br>
+shall have so much courage that he shall never<br>
+be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor<br>
+sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing<br>
+he beholdeth before him.&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History<br>
+of Prince Arthur</i>, iii. 84, (1470).<br>
+
+<p><b>Erudite</b> (<i>Most</i>). Marcus Terentius Varro is called &quot;the most
+erudite of the Romans&quot; (B.C. 116-27).</p>
+
+<p><b>Er'ythre,</b> modesty personified, the virgin page of Parthen'ia or
+maiden of chastity, in <i>The Purple Island</i>, by Phineas Fletcher (1633).
+Fully described in canto x. (Greek, <i>cruthros</i>, &quot;red,&quot; from <i>eruthriao</i>,
+&quot;to blush.&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Erysichthon</b> [<i>Erri. sik'. thon</i>], a grandson of Neptune, who was
+punished by Cer&ecirc;s with insatiable hunger, for cutting down some trees in
+a grove sacred to that goddess. (See ERISICHTHON.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Es'calus,</b> an ancient, kind-hearted lord in the deputation of the
+duke of Vienna.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Measure for Measure</i> (1603).</p>
+
+<p><i>Es'calus</i>, Prince of Vero'na.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (1598).</p>
+
+<p><b>Es'canes</b> (<i>3 syl</i>.), one of the lords of Tyre.&mdash;Shakespeare,
+<i>Pericles, Prince of Tyre</i> (1608).</p>
+
+<p><b>Escobar</b> (<i>Mons. L</i>') the French, name for a fox, so called from M.
+Escobar the probabilist, whence also the verb <i>escobarder</i>, &quot;to play the
+fox,&quot; &quot;to play fast and loose.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>The French have a capital name for the fox,
+namely, M. L'Escobar, which may be translated
+the &quot;shuffler,&quot; or more freely, &quot;sly boots.&quot;&mdash;<i>The
+Daily News</i>, March 25, 1878.</p>
+
+<p><b>Escotillo</b> (<i>i.e. little Michael Scott</i>), considered by the common
+people as a magician, because he possessed more knowledge of natural and
+experimental philosophy than his contemporaries.</p>
+
+<p><b>Es'dale</b> (<i>Mr</i>.), a surgeon at Madras.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The Surgeon's
+Daughter</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Es'ings,</b> the king of Kent. So called from Eisc, the father of
+Hengist, as the Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, the Romans from
+Romulus, the Cecrop'idae from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, and so
+on.&mdash;Ethelwerd, <i>Chron</i>., ii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Esmeralda</b>, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, with tambourine and goat,
+dances in the <i>place</i> before Notre Dame de Paris, and is looked on as a
+witch. Quasimodo conceals her for a time in the church, but after
+various adventures she is gibbeted.&mdash;Victor Hugo, <i>Notre Dame de Paris</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Esmeralda</i>; humbly-born heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work of
+same name. The story has been dramatized and played with great effect.</p>
+
+<p><b>Esmond</b> (<i>Henry</i>), a chivalrous cavalier in the reign of Queen Anne;
+the hero of Thackeray's novel called <i>Henry Esmond</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Esplan'dian,</b> son of Am'adis and Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the
+subject of a fifth book to the four original books of <i>Amadis of Gaul</i>
+(1460).</p>
+
+<p>The description of the most furious battles,
+carried on with all the bloody-mindedness of an
+Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, <i>Every
+Man in his Humor</i>].&mdash;<i>Encyc. Brit</i>., Art.
+&quot;Romance.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Espriel'la</b> (<i>Manuel Alvarez</i>), the apocryphal name of Robert
+Southey. The poet-laureate pretends that certain &quot;letters from England,&quot;
+written by this Spaniard, were translated by him from the original
+Spanish (three vols., 1807).</p>
+
+<p><b>Essex</b> (<i>The earl of</i>), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord
+Burleigh and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl
+of Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved
+the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the
+queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very
+angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was taken,
+and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before the trial,
+telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted, if he sent to
+her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the queen sent the
+countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he had any plea to
+make. The earl entreated her to present the ring to her majesty, and
+petition her to spare the life of his friend Southampton. The countess
+purposely neglected this charge, and Essex was executed. The queen, it
+is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord Burleigh took care it should arrive
+too late. The poet says that Essex had recently married the countess of
+Rutland, that both the queen and the countess of Nottingham were
+jealous, and that this jealousy was the chief cause of the earl's death.</p>
+
+<p>The Abb&egrave; Boyer, La Calpr&egrave;nede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the
+some subject.</p>
+
+<p><i>Essex</i> (<i>The earl of</i>), lord high constable of England, introduced by
+Sir W. Scott in his novel called <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Estel'la,</b> a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was
+affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.&mdash;C. Dickens,
+<i>Great Expectations</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><b>Esther</b>, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She
+loves Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has
+to teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to
+Helen and Modus, only in lower social grade.&mdash;S. Knowles, <i>The Maid of
+Mariendorpt</i> (1838).</p>
+
+<p><b>Esther Hawdon</b>, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson,
+natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her marriage
+with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle creature,
+called by those who know and love her, &quot;Dame Durden&quot; or &quot;Dame Trot.&quot; She
+is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery. Eventually she
+marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Bleak House</i> (1852).</p>
+
+<p><b>Esther</b> <i>Bush</i>: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced,
+sharp of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and
+children.&mdash;James Fennimore Cooper, <i>The Prairie</i>, (1827).</p>
+
+<p><i>Esther</i> (<i>Queen</i>), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre,
+dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a
+sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown to
+travelers.&mdash;Ann Sophia Stevens, <i>Mary Derwent</i> (1845).</p>
+
+<p><b>Estifa'nia,</b> an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the
+Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the copper
+captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's mansion. The
+captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans are only
+geese.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Rule a Wife and Have a Wife</i> (1640).</p>
+
+<p><b>Est-il-Posssible?</b> A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen
+Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling
+announcement was, <i>Est-il possible?</i> With this exclamation he exhausted
+the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the sobriquet.</p>
+
+<p><b>Est'mere</b> (<i>2 syl</i>.), king of England. He went with his younger
+brother Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in
+marriage; but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of
+Spain, had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her
+voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother
+went to make preparations for the wedding, the &quot;sowdan&quot; arrived, and
+demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched
+to inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as
+a <i>harper and his boy</i>. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler
+sang, saying, &quot;O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a
+king;&quot; and then drawing his sword he slew the &quot;sowdan,&quot; Estmere at the
+same time chasing from the hall the &quot;kempery men.&quot; Being now master of
+the position, Estmere took &quot;the ladye faire,&quot; made her his wife, and
+brought her home to England.&mdash;Percy, <i>Reliques</i>, 1. i. 5.</p>
+
+<p><b>Estrildis or Elstred,</b> daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was
+taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became the
+mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling
+insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and her
+daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or
+Severn.&mdash;Geoffrey, <i>British History</i>, ii. 2, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Estwicke</b> (<i>John</i>), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, <i>Where
+the Battle was Fought</i> (1884). His real name was John Fortescue.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ete'ocles and Polyni'ces,</b> the two sons Oe'dipos. After the
+expulsion of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign
+alternate years in Thebes. Eteocl&ecirc;s, being the elder, took the first
+turn, but at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his
+brother; whereupon Polynic&ecirc;s, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to
+the city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the
+other's hand.</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of
+Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged the
+Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body of
+French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry visited him
+in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like lions. Henry
+wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when Pedro seized him.
+At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the leg, tossed him over, and
+Henry slew him.&mdash;Menard, <i>History of Du Gueselin.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Ethan</b> (<i>Allen</i>). He gives under his own hand the history of the
+capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular story
+that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, &quot;<i>In the name of the
+Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!</i>&quot; <i>Allen's Narrative of
+Captivity</i> (1779).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eth'elbert,</b> king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings
+who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to
+convert the English to &quot;the true faith&quot; (596), and built St. Paul's,
+London.&mdash;Ethelwerd's <i>Chronicle</i>, ii.</p>
+
+Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king.<br>
+To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring<br>
+Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent...<br>
+That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect.<br>
+
+<p>Drayton, <i>Polyolbion</i>, xi. (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eth'erington</b> (<i>The late earl of</i>) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer.</p>
+
+<p><i>The titular earl of Etherington</i>, his successor to the title and
+estates.</p>
+
+<p><i>Marie de Martigny</i> (<i>La comtesse</i>), wife of the titular earl of
+Etherington.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>St. Ronan's Well</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ethiopians</b>, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people
+El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call themselves
+Ithiopians or Ethiopians.&mdash;Seldon, <i>Titles of Honor</i>, vi. 64.</p>
+
+Where the Abassin kings their issue guard,<br>
+Mount Amara.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, iv. 280 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ethiop's Queen</b>, referred to by Milton in his <i>Il Penseroso</i>, was
+Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (<i>2 syl</i>.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting that
+she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who
+complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster
+to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made
+a constellation of thirteen stars.</p>
+
+... that starred Ethiop queen that strove<br>
+To set her beauty's praise above<br>
+The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Il Penseroso</i>, 19 (1638).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Ethnic Plot.</b> The &quot;Popish Plot&quot; is so called in Dryden's satire of
+<i>Absalom and Achitophel.</i> As Dryden calls the royalists &quot;Jews,&quot; and
+calls Charles II. &quot;David, king of the Jews,&quot; the papists were &quot;Gentiles&quot;
+(or <i>Ethnoi</i>), whence the &quot;Ethnic Plot&quot; means the plot of the Ethnoi
+against the people of God.&mdash;Pt. i. (1681).</p>
+
+<p><b>Etiquette</b> (<i>Madame</i>), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of
+the ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her
+rigid enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the <i>ancien
+r&eacute;gime.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Etna.</b> Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the
+hundred-handed giants.</p>
+
+The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does<br>
+The giant of mythology.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>The Golden Supper</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Etteilla,</b> the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier
+and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist,
+and was visited in his studio in the H&ocirc;tel de Crillon (Rue de la
+Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783
+he published <i>Mani&egrave;re de se R&eacute;cr&eacute;er avec le Jeu de Cartes nomm&eacute;es
+Tarots</i>. In the British Museum are some divination cards published in
+Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called <i>Grand
+Etteilla</i> and <i>Petit Etteilla</i>, each pack being accompanied with a book
+of explication and instruction.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ettercap,</b> an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The
+ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt &quot;Attercop.&quot; (The
+Anglo-Saxon, <i>atter-cop</i>, poison-spider.)</p>
+
+O sirs, was sic difference seen<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">As 'twix wee Will and Tam,</span><br>
+The ane's a perfect ettercap,<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The ither's just a lamb.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">W. Miller, <i>Nursery Songs</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Ettrick Shepherd</b> <i>(The)</i>, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was
+born in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a
+shepherd (1772-1835).</p>
+
+<p><b>Etty's Nine Pictures</b>, &quot;the Combat,&quot; the three &quot;Judith&quot; pictures,
+&quot;Benaiah,&quot; &quot;Ulysses and the Syrens,&quot; and the three pictures of &quot;Joan of
+Arc.&quot;</p>
+
+&quot;My aim,&quot; says Etty, &quot;in all my great<br>
+pictures has been to paint some great moral on<br>
+the heart. 'The Combat' represents <i>the beauty<br>
+of mercy</i>; the three 'Judith' pictures, <i>patriotism</i><br>
+[1, <i>self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man</i>; 3,<br>
+<i>self-devotion to country</i>;] 'Benaiah, David's chief<br>
+captain,' represents <i>valor</i>; 'Ulysses and the<br>
+Syrens,' <i>sensual delights</i> or <i>the wages of sin is<br>
+death</i>; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc'<br>
+depict <i>religion, loyalty</i> and <i>patriotism</i>. In all,<br>
+nine in number, as it was my desire to paint<br>
+three.&quot;&mdash;William Etty, of York (1787-1849).<br>
+
+<p><b>Et'zel</b> or <b>Ezzel</b> <i>(i.e. Attila</i>), king of the Huns, in the
+songs of the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty
+principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried.
+In pt ii. of the <i>Niebelungen Lied</i>, he sees his sons and liegemen
+struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as
+unlike the Attila of history as a &quot;hector&quot; is to the noble Trojan &quot;the
+protector of mankind.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'charis,</b> one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was
+deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him
+away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and
+Mentor approved his choice.&mdash;Fenelon, <i>T&eacute;l&eacute;maque</i>, vii. (1700).</p>
+
+<p>Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de
+Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but
+losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20. She
+used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this style of
+head-gear was called <i>&agrave; la Fontange</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'clio,</b> a penurious old hunks.&mdash;Plautus, <i>Aulularia</i>.</p>
+
+Now you must explain all this to me, unless<br>
+you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does<br>
+Staphy'la&mdash;Sir W. Scott.<br>
+
+<p><b>Eu'crates</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens.
+A shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise;
+hence the Latin proverb:</p>
+
+Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates (&quot;He has<br>
+more shifts than Eucrates&quot;).<br>
+
+<p><b>Eudo'cia</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), daughter of Eu'men&ecirc;s, governor of Damascus.
+Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks the
+consent of Eumen&ecirc;s, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to the
+Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but refuses
+to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia retires into a
+nunnery.&mdash;John Hughes, <i>The Siege of Damascus</i> (1720).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eudon</b> (<i>Count</i>) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, &quot;too
+weak-minded to be independent.&quot; When the Spaniards rose up against the
+Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: &quot;Strike off Count
+Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring him else
+in arms against us now&quot; (ch. xxv.). Southey, <i>Roderick, etc</i>., xiii.
+(1814).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eudox'ia,</b> wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus
+&quot;poisoned&quot; the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>Valentinian</i> (1617).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eugene</b> <i>(Aram).</i> Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a
+murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted
+down.&mdash;Lord Lytton, <i>Eugene Aram</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Euge'nia,</b> called &quot;Silence&quot; and the &quot;Unknown.&quot; She was the wife of
+Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, &quot;the foundling of the forest.&quot;
+In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used every
+endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were abortive,
+and his villainy at length was brought to light.&mdash;W. Dimond, <i>The
+Foundling of the Forest.</i></p>
+
+<p><b>Eug&eacute;nie</b> <i>(Lalande).</i> The marvellously well-preserved
+great-grandmother of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her.
+She reveals the trick that has been played on him by presenting him with
+a pair of eye-glasses.&mdash;Edgar Allan Poe, <i>The Spectacles</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eugenio</b>, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra
+jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la
+Rosa.&mdash;Cervantes, <i>Don Quixote, I</i>. iv. 20 (&quot;The Goatherd's Story,&quot;
+1605).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eugenius</b>, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall
+Stevenson was the original of this character.&mdash;Sterne, <i>Tristram Shandy</i>
+(1759).</p>
+
+<p><b>Euhe'meros</b> a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a <i>Sacred History</i> to
+explain the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin
+mythologies.</p>
+
+<p>One could wish Euh&ecirc;meros had never been born. It was he that spoilt
+[<i>the old myths</i>] first.&mdash;Ouid&agrave;, <i>Ariadn&ecirc;</i>, i.1.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eulenspiegel</b> <i>(Tyll), i.e.</i> &quot;Tyll Owl-glass,&quot; of Brunswick. A man
+who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic
+servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but
+rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs,
+rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether
+Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but by
+many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed to the
+famous German satirist, Thomas Murner.</p>
+
+<p>In the English versions of the story he is called <i>Howle-glass.</i></p>
+
+<p>To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal
+history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native
+village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.&mdash;Carlyle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eum&aelig;os</b> (in Latin, <i>Eumoes</i>), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses,
+hence any swine-herd.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'menes</b> (<i>3 syl.</i>), Governor of Damascus, and father of
+Eudo'cia.&mdash;John Hughes, <i>Siege of Damascus</i> (1720).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eumnes'tes,</b> Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man,
+decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnest&ecirc;s.
+[Greek, <i>eumn&ecirc;stis</i>, &quot;good memory,&quot; <i>anamn&ecirc;stis</i>, &quot;research.&quot;&mdash;<i>Fa&euml;ry
+Queen</i>, ii. 9 (1590).]</p>
+
+<p><b>Eunice</b> (<i>Alias &quot;Nixey</i>&quot;). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an
+illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from the
+street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue.</p>
+
+<p>In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she vows
+herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a thunderstorm
+is translation rather than dissolution.&mdash;Elizabeth Stuart Phelps <i>Hedged
+In</i> (1870).</p>
+
+<p><b>Euphra'sia,</b> daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling &quot;Viola&quot;
+in Shakespeare's <i>Twelfth Night</i>. Being in love with Prince Philaster,
+she assumes boy's attire, calls herself &quot;Bellario,&quot; and enters the
+prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess Arethusa,
+and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender page. The sex
+of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness of this
+jealousy.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>Philaster</i> or <i>Love Lies A-bleeding</i>
+(1608).</p>
+
+<p><i>Euphra'sia</i>, &quot;the Grecian daughter,&quot; was daughter of Evander, the old
+king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a dungeon
+on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had fled from
+Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having gained admission to
+the dungeon where her aged father was dying from starvation, &quot;fostered
+him at her breast by the milk designed for her own babe, and thus the
+father found a parent in the child.&quot; When Timoleon took Syracuse,
+Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but Euphrasia, rushing forward,
+struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i>
+(1772).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> The same tale is told-of Xantipp&ecirc;, who preserved the life of her
+father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the old man held
+out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret.</p>
+
+There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light<br>
+What do I gaze on!...<br>
+An old man, and a female young and fair,<br>
+Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins<br>
+<br>
+The blood is nectar ...<br>
+Here youth offers to old age the food,<br>
+The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire,<br>
+To whom she renders back the debt of blood.<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Childe Harold</i>, iv. 148 (1817).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'phrasy,</b> the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once
+supposed to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the
+archangel Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see
+into the distant future.&mdash;See Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, xi. 414-421
+(1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'phues</b> (3 <i>syll</i>), the chief character in John Lilly's <i>Euphu&ecirc;s
+or The Anatomy of Wit</i>, and <i>Euphues and his England</i>. He is an Athenian
+gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and roving
+habits. Shakespeare borrowed his &quot;government of the bees&quot; <i>(Henry V</i>.
+act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphu&ecirc;s was designed to exhibit the style
+affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
+Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called <i>Euphues' Golden
+Legacy</i> (1590).</p>
+
+&quot;The commonwealth of your bees,&quot; replied<br>
+Euphu&ecirc;s,  &quot;did so delight me that I was not a<br>
+little sorry that either their estates have not been<br>
+longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple<br>
+judgment, there was such an orderly government<br>
+that men may not be ashamed to imitate it.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>J. Lilly, <i>Euphues</i> (1581).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>(The romances of Calpren&eacute;de and Scud&eacute;ri bear the same relation to the
+jargon of Louis XIV., as the <i>Euphues</i> of Lilly to that of Queen
+Elizabeth.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Eure'ka</b>! or rather HEUKE'KA! (&quot;I have discovered it!&quot;) The
+exclamation of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out
+how to test the purity of Hi'ero's crown.</p>
+
+<p>The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had given
+a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the metal, and
+he asked Archimed&ecirc;s to ascertain if his suspicion was well founded. The
+philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the water ran over,
+and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced its own bulk of
+water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of gold, and the
+crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown was pure gold,
+both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but they did not do
+so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with. Archimedes next
+immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference of water displaced
+soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy introduced by the artificer.</p>
+
+Vitruvius says: &quot;When the idea occurred to<br>
+the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and<br>
+without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran<br>
+home, exclaiming, '<i>Heureka! heureka!</i>'&quot;<br>
+
+<p><b>Euro'pa.</b> <i>The Fight at Dame Europa's School</i>, written by the Rev.
+H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the
+Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871).</p>
+
+<p><b>Europe's Liberator.</b> So Wellington was called after the overthrow of
+Bonaparte (1769-1852).</p>
+
+Oh, Wellington ... called &quot;Saviour of the Nations&quot;<br>
+And &quot;Europe's Liberator.&quot;<br>
+
+<p>Byron, <i>Don Juan</i>, ix. 5 (1824).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eu'rus,</b> the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south
+wind; Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant
+(&quot;rising of the sun&quot;), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, (&quot;setting of the
+sun &quot;).</p>
+
+Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds&mdash;<br>
+Eurus and Zephyr.<br>
+
+<p>Milton, <i>Paradise Lost</i>, x. 705 (1665).</p>
+
+<p><b>Euryd'ice</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on
+her wedding night.</p>
+
+<p>Orpheus went down to Had&ecirc;s to crave for her restoration to life, and
+Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look back.
+When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he turned to
+see if Eurydic&ecirc;&acute; was following, and just caught a glance of her as she
+was snatched back into the shades below.</p>
+
+<p>(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called <i>Ode on St. Cecilia's
+Day</i>, 1709.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Euryt'ion,</b> the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night,
+but walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros.
+&quot;Hercul&ecirc;s them all did overcome.&quot;&mdash;Spenser, <i>Fa&euml;ry Queen</i>, v. 10 (1696).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eus'tace,</b> one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Ivanhoe</i> (time, Richard I.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Eustace, (Father)</i>, or &quot;Father Eustatius,&quot; the superior and afterwards
+abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the friend of
+Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>The
+Monastery</i> (time, Elizabeth).</p>
+
+<p><i>Eustace (Charles)</i>, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been
+clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named
+Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and conceals
+his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is thought to be a
+libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties are reconciled.&mdash;J.
+Poole, <i>The Scapegoat.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Eus'tace (Jack)</i>, the lover of Lucinda, and &quot;a very worthy young
+fellow,&quot; of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse to
+the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir William
+Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent to the
+marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to do as his
+sister Deborah said positively he &quot;should not do it.&quot;&mdash;Is. Bickerstaff,
+<i>Love in a Village</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eva</b> (<i>St. Clair</i>). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's
+master, and Uncle Tom's warm friend.&mdash;H.B. Stowe, <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>
+(1851).</p>
+
+<p><b>E'va,</b> daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard
+Day.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evad'ne</b> (3 <i>syl.</i>), wife of Kap'aneus (<i>3 syl</i>.). She threw herself
+on the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him.</p>
+
+<p><i>Evad'ne</i> (3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by the
+king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the &quot;maid&quot;
+whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).&mdash;Beaumont and
+Fletcher, <i>The Maid's Tragedy</i> (1610).</p>
+
+<p>The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the
+guilty boldness of Evadn&ecirc;, and the rough soldier-like bearing and manly
+feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king more
+hateful and disgusting.&mdash;R. Chambers, <i>English Literature</i>, i. 204.</p>
+
+<p><i>Evad'ne</i> or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief
+minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize the
+crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a
+high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the marquis
+is Evadn&ecirc; (3 <i>syl</i>.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme is to get
+Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch Evadn&ecirc;.
+With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadn&ecirc; is the king's
+<i>fille d'amour</i>, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy cloak, but
+he adds &quot;Never mind, it will make your fortune.&quot; The proud Neapolitan is
+disgusted, and flings off Evadn&ecirc; as a viper. Her brother is indignant,
+challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and Vicentio falls.
+Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the king's amour, and
+induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then murder him. The
+king goes to the banquet, and Evadn&ecirc; shows him the statues of the
+Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father, who at the
+battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The king is struck
+with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and the king conceals
+himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor minister the deed
+is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest, gibes him as his dupe,
+and exclaims, &quot;Now I am king indeed!&quot; At this moment the king comes
+forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico to be arrested. The
+traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him. Vicentio now enters,
+tells how his ear has been abused, and marries Evadn&ecirc;.</p>
+
+<p><b>Evan Dhu of Lochiel</b>, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Legend of Montrose</i> (time, Charles I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evan Dhu M'Combich</b>, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.&mdash;Sir W. Scott,
+<i>Waverley</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evandale</b> (<i>The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord</i>), in the royal army
+under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden, the
+granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of
+Tillietudlem.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Old Mortality</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evan'der,</b> the &quot;good old king of Syracuse,&quot; dethroned by Dionysius
+the Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius &quot;and sent him for
+vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece.&quot; He
+was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top of a
+rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia had not
+nourished him with &quot;the milk designed for her own babe.&quot; When Syracuse
+was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon Evander, and
+would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and stabbed the
+tryant to the heart.&mdash;A. Murphy, <i>The Grecian Daughter</i> (1772). See
+ERRORS OF AUTHORS, &quot;Dionysius.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of
+&quot;Evander.&quot;&mdash;W.C. Russell, <i>Representative Actors</i>, 426.</p>
+
+<p><b>Evangelic Doctor</b> <i>(The)</i>, John Wycliffe, &quot;the Morning Star of the
+Reformation&quot; (1324-1384).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evangeline</b>, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by
+Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict
+Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now <i>Nova Scotia</i>). At the
+age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to Gabriel, son
+of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was exiled by the
+order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands were
+confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began the
+troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her
+betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached
+the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to
+Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to meet
+him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to
+Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the
+city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down
+with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but
+death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him in
+the grave.</p>
+
+<p>(Longfellow's <i>Evangeline</i> (1849) has many points of close similitude
+with Campbell's tale of <i>Gertrude of Wyoming</i>, 1809).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evans</b> (<i>Sir Hugh</i>), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of
+extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.&mdash;Shakespeare, <i>The Merry
+Wives of Windsor</i> (1601).</p>
+
+<p>The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, &quot;I like not when a
+'ooman has a great peard.&quot;&mdash;Macaulay.</p>
+
+<p>Henderson says: &quot;I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when
+preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for
+many minutes together without speaking a word&quot; (1750-1790).</p>
+
+<p><i>Evans</i> (<i>William</i>), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir
+Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height, and
+Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst his
+<i>Worthies</i>.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evan'the</b> (3 <i>syl</i>.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of
+Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio.</p>
+
+<p>The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt,
+offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time the
+libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer, and
+ultimately Evanth&ecirc; was restored to her husband.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher,
+<i>A Wife for a Month</i> (1624).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eve</b> (<i>1 syl</i>), or Havah, the &quot;mother of all living&quot; (<i>Gen</i>. iii.
+20). Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she
+was taken out of <i>ish, i.e.</i> &quot;man&quot; (<i>Gen</i>. ii. 23).</p>
+
+<p>Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she
+laid her head on one hill near Mecca, her knees
+rested on two other hills in the plain, about two
+gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm
+tree.&mdash;Moncony, <i>Voyage</i>, i. 372, etc.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ev'eli'na</b> (<i>4 syl</i>.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss
+Burney (afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evelyn</b> (<i>Alfred</i>), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He
+made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts,
+mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas, a
+dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to marry
+him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense fortune
+and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had was given
+to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn made her waver;
+however, being told that Evelyn's property was insecure, she married
+Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry Clara.&mdash;Lord E. Bulwer Lytton,
+<i>Money</i> (1840).</p>
+
+<p><i>Evelyn</i> (<i>Sir George</i>) a man of fortune, family, and character, in love
+with Dorrillon, whom he marries.&mdash;Mrs. Inchbald.</p>
+
+<p><i>Wives as they Were and Maids as they Are</i> (1795).</p>
+
+<p><b>Everard</b> (<i>Colonel Markham</i>), of the Commonwealth party.</p>
+
+<p><i>Master Everard</i>, the colonel's father.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Woodstock</i>
+(time, commonwealth).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ev'erett</b> (<i>Master</i>), a hired witness of the &quot;Popish Plot.&quot;&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Every Man in His Humor</b>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original
+play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of the
+drama apply are: &quot;Captain Bobadil,&quot; whose humor is bragging of his brave
+deeds and military courage&mdash;he is thrashed as a coward by Downright;
+&quot;Kitely,&quot; whose humor is jealousy of his wife&mdash;he is befooled and cured
+by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; &quot;Stephen,&quot; whose humor is
+verdant stupidity&mdash;he is played on by every one; &quot;Kno'well,&quot; whose humor
+is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns out to be all moonshine;
+&quot;Dame Kitely,&quot; whose humor is jealousy of her husband, but she (like her
+husband) is cured by a trick devised by Brain worm. Every man in his
+humor is liable to be duped thereby, for his humor is the &quot;Achilles'
+heel&quot; of his character.</p>
+
+<p><b>Every Man out of His Humor</b>, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599).</p>
+
+<p><b>Every One has His Fault</b>, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the
+fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady Eleanor,
+because she married against his consent. By the fault of gallantry and
+defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble drove Lady Ramble
+into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, &quot;Shall I marry or shall I
+not!&quot; Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining for a wife and
+domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and manliness, Mr.
+Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of marrying without the
+consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was reduced to poverty and even
+crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord Norland received his daughter
+into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back his wife; Solus married Miss
+Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights of the head of the family; and
+Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised
+from indigence to domestic comfort.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eviot</b>, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince
+Robert of Scotland).&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Fair Maid of Perth</i> (time, Henry
+IV.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Evir-Allen,</b> the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. &quot;A
+thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand. The
+sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was Ossian.&quot;
+This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson, but she was
+not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac against the
+invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem called <i>Fingal</i>,
+in six books.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, iv.</p>
+
+<p><b>Ew'ain</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's
+half-sister).&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 72 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ewan of Brigglands,</b> a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Rob Roy</i> (time, George I.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ewart</b> (<i>Nanty i.e.</i> Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir
+W. Scott <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Excal'ibur,</b> King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been
+two of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which
+no one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above
+200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw it
+with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In ch. 7
+this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so bright &quot;that
+it gave light like thirty torches.&quot; After his fight with Pellinore, the
+king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took him to a lake, and
+Arthur saw an arm &quot;clothed in white samite, that held a fair sword in
+the hand.&quot; Presently the Lady of the Lake appeared, and Arthur begged
+that he might have the sword, and the lady told him to go and fetch it.
+When he came to it he took it, &quot;and the arm and hand went under the
+water again.&quot; This is the sword generally called Excalibur. When about
+to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to cast the sword back again into
+the lake, and again the hand &quot;clothed in white samite&quot; appeared, caught
+it, and disappeared (ch. 23).&mdash;Sir T. Malory, <i>History of Prince
+Arthur</i>, i. 3, 23 (1470).</p>
+
+King Arthur's sword, Excalibur,<br>
+Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake;<br>
+Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps,<br>
+Upon the hidden bases of the hills.<br>
+
+<p>Tennyson, <i>Morte d'Arthur</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Excalibur's Sheath</i>. &quot;Sir,&quot; said Merlin, &quot;look that ye keep well the
+scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have the
+scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds.&quot;&mdash;Sir T.
+Malory, <i>History of Prince Arthur</i>, i. 36 (1470).</p>
+
+<p><b>Executioner</b> (<i>No</i>). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor of
+Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the
+Huguenots, he replied, &quot;Sire, there are many under my government devoted
+to your majesty, but not a single executioner.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Exhausted Worlds</b> ... Dr. Johnson,
+in the prologue spoken by Garrick at
+the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says
+of Shakespeare:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Each change of many-colored life he drew?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.</span><br>
+
+<p><b>Exterminator</b> (<i>The</i>), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in
+the seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an
+intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties in
+the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the
+Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz and
+Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered them
+(1645-1707).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eye.</b> <i>Terrible as the eye of Vathek</i>. One of the eyes of this
+caliph was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look
+thereon, and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated
+his whole dominion.&mdash;W. Beckford, <i>Vathek</i> (1784).</p>
+
+<p><b>Eyed</b> <i>(One-)</i> people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed
+people.</p>
+
+<p>The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of the
+forehead.</p>
+
+<p>Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor, in
+his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed giants.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eyre</b> <i>(Jane)</i>, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse
+circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in whom
+the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted, and not
+destroyed.&mdash;Charlotte Bront&eacute;, <i>Jane Eyre</i> (1847).</p>
+
+<p><b>Ez'zelin</b> <i>(Sir)</i>, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of
+Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel ensues,
+and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that he saw a
+huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which divided the
+lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of knighthood on the
+breast of the corpse.&mdash;Byron, <i>Lara</i> (1814).</p>
+
+<p><b><img border="0" src="images/F.jpg" align="left" width="185" height="184" alt="f.jpg"></b></p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><b>aa</b> <i>(Gabriel)</i>, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at
+Liddesdale.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Guy Mannering</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fab'ila</b>, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild
+boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but the
+boar overthrew him and gored him to death.&mdash;<i>Chronica Antiqua de
+Espa&ntilde;a</i>, 121.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fa'bius</b> <i>(The American)</i>, George Washington (1732-1799).</p>
+
+<p><i>Fa'bius (The French)</i>, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of
+France (1493-1567).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fabricius</b> [<i>Fa.brish'.e.us</i>], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and
+Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty of
+the &quot;good old times.&quot; Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by
+bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. &quot;Excellent Fabricius,&quot; cried the
+Greek, &quot;one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as turn
+Fabricius from the path of duty.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Fabric'ius</i>, an author, whose composition was so obscure that Gil Blas
+could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his writings. His
+poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of far-fetched
+expressions and perplexed phrases.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fabrit'io,</b> a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the
+woman-hater.&mdash;Beaumont and Fletcher, <i>The Captain</i> (1613).</p>
+
+<p><b>Face</b> (1 <i>syl.</i>), <i>alias</i> &quot;Jeremy,&quot; house-servant of Lovewit. During
+the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist) and
+Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic.
+Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by
+Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he
+called himself &quot;doctor;&quot; Face, arrogating the title of &quot;captain,&quot; touted
+for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other two in
+their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of Lovewit,
+the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued in his
+place as house-servant.&mdash;Ben Jonson, <i>The Alchemist</i> (1619).</p>
+
+<p><b>Facto'tum</b> (<i>Johannes</i>), one employed to do all sorts of work for
+another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his
+household management or business.</p>
+
+<p>He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own
+conceit.&mdash;Greene, <i>Groat's-worth of Wit</i> (1692).</p>
+
+<p><b>Faddle</b> <i>(William)</i>, a &quot;fellow made up of knavery and noise, with
+scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the
+very devil might have bought him for a guinea.&quot; Sir Charles Raymond says
+to him:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee
+needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy wit
+is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if thou hast
+any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with thee, laugh
+at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful rewards and
+painful abuses.&quot;&mdash;Ed. Moore, <i>The Foundling</i>, iv. 2 (1748).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fa'dha</b> <i>(Ah)</i>, Mahomet's silver cuirass.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fad'ladeen,</b> the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'b&ecirc;'s harem.
+He criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way
+to Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the
+young king his master.</p>
+
+<p>Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a
+Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and literature;
+from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the composition of an
+epic poem.&mdash;T. Moore, <i>Lalla Rookh</i> (1817).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fadladin'ida,</b> wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is
+alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'od&ecirc;s, and at
+the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, &quot;Well,
+gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both.&quot;&mdash;H. Cary,
+<i>Chrononhotonthologos</i> (a burlesque).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fa&euml;ry Queen</b>, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos
+each, by Edmund Spenser <i>(incomplete).</i></p>
+
+<p>Book I. THE RED CROSS KNIGHT, <i>the spirit of Christianity</i>, or the
+victory of holiness over sin (1590).</p>
+
+<p>II. THE LEGEND OF SIB GUYON, <i>the golden mean</i> (1590).</p>
+
+<p>III. THE LEGEND or BRITOMARTIS, <i>chaste love.</i> Britomartis is Diana or
+Queen Elizabeth (1590).</p>
+
+<p>IV. CAMBEL AND TRIAMOND, <i>fidelity</i> (1596).</p>
+
+<p>V. THE LEGEND OF SIR AR'TEGAL, <i>justice</i>' (1596).</p>
+
+<p>VI. THE LEGEND OF SIR CALIDORE, <i>courtesy</i> (1596).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> Sometimes bk. vii., called. <i>Mutability</i>, is added; but only
+fragments of this book exist.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fafnis</b>, the dragon with which Sigurd fights.&mdash;<i>Sigurd the Horny</i> (a
+German romance based on a Norse legend).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fag</b>, the lying servant of Captain Absolute. He &quot;wears his master's
+wit, as he does his lace, at second hand.&quot;&mdash;Sheridan, <i>The Rivals</i>
+(1775).</p>
+
+<p><b>Faggot</b> <i>(Nicholas)</i>, clerk to Matthew Foxley, the magistrate who
+examined Darsie Latimer <i>(i. e</i>. Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet) after he
+had been attacked by rioters.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time, George
+III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Faggots and Faggots</b> <i>(II y a fagots et fagots)</i>, all things of the
+same sort are not equal in quality. In Moli&egrave;re's <i>Le M&eacute;decin Malgr&eacute;
+Lui</i>, Sganarelle wants to show that his faggots are better than those of
+other persons, and cries out &quot;Ay! but those faggots are not equal to
+mine.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>II est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier homme du monde pour faire
+des fagots ...</p>
+
+<p>Je n'y &eacute;pargne aucune chose, et les fais d'une facon qu'il n'y a rien a
+dire ... Il y a fagots, et fagots.&mdash;Act i. 6 (1666).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fagin</b>, an old Jew, who employs a gang of thieves, chiefly boys.
+These boys he teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. Fagin assumes
+a most suave and fawning manner, but is malicious, grasping, and full of
+cruelty.&mdash;C. Dickens, <i>Oliver Twist</i> (1837).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fainall</b>, cousin by marriage to Sir Wilful Witwould. He married a
+young, wealthy, and handsome widow, but the two were cat and dog to each
+other. The great aim of Fainall was to get into his possession the
+estates of his wife (settled on herself &quot;in trust to Edward Mirabell&quot;),
+but in this he failed. In outward semblance, Fainall was plausible
+enough, but he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, false to his
+friends, faithless to his wife, overreaching, and deceitful.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mrs. Fainall</i>. Her first husband was Languish, son of Lady Wishford.
+Her second husband she both despised and detested.&mdash;W. Congreve, <i>The
+Way of the World</i> (1700).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fainaso'lis</b>, daughter of Craca's king (<i>the Shetland Isles</i>). When
+Fingal was quite a young man, she fled to him for protection against
+Sora, but scarcely had he promised to take up her cause, when Sora
+landed, drew the bow, and she fell. Fingal said to Sora, &quot;Unerring is
+thy hand, O Sora, but feeble was the foe.&quot; He then attacked the invader,
+and Sora fell.&mdash;Ossian, <i>Fingal</i>, iii.</p>
+
+<p><b>Faint Heart Never Won Fair Lady</b>, a line in a ballad written to the
+&quot;Berkshire Lady,&quot; a Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of Sir William
+Kendrick, second baronet. Sir William's father was created baronet by
+Charles II. The wooer was a Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, to
+whom the lady sent a challenge.</p>
+
+Having read this strange relation,<br>
+He was in a consternation;<br>
+But, advising with a friend,<br>
+He persuades him to attend:<br>
+&quot;Be of courage and make ready,<br>
+Faint heart never won fair lady.&quot;<br>
+
+<p><i>Quarterly Review</i>, cvi. 205-245.</p>
+
+<p><i>Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady</i>, name of a <i>petit com&eacute;die</i> brought out
+by Mde. Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris herself performed the part
+of the &quot;fair lady.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><b>Fair Penitent</b> (<i>The</i>) a tragedy by Rowe (1703). Calista was
+daughter of Lord Sciol'to (3 <i>syl</i>.), and bride of Lord Al'tamont. It
+was discovered on the wedding-day that she had been seduced by
+Lotha'rio. This led to a duel between the bridegroom and the libertine,
+in which Lothario was killed; a street riot ensued, in which Sciolto
+receives his death-wound; and Calista, &quot;the fair penitent,&quot; stabbed
+herself. The drama is a mere <i>r&eacute;chauff&eacute;</i> of Massinger's <i>Fatal Dowry</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairbrother</b> (<i>Mr</i>.), counsel of Effie Deans at the trial.&mdash;Sir W.
+Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairfax</b> (<i>Thomas, lord</i>), father of the duchess of Buckingham.&mdash;Sir
+W. Scott, <i>Peveril of the Peak</i> (time, Charles II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Fairfax (Rutherford).</i> Young man born of a line of brave men, who is
+conscious that early petting at home and a foreign education have
+developed physical cowardice. On his way home from England he falls into
+the hands of desperadoes who force him to fire a pistol at a bound man.
+The lad is almost fainting, and swoons with pain and horror when the
+deed is, as he thinks, done. His father believes him a coward, and the
+sense of this and a loving woman's trust in him, nerve him to deeds of
+endurance and valor that clear his record triumphantly.&mdash;Octave Thanet,
+<i>Expiation</i> (1890).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairfield</b>, the miller, and father of Patty &quot;the maid of the mill.&quot;
+An honest, straightforward man, grateful and modest.&mdash;Bickerstaff, <i>The
+Maid of the Mill</i> (1647).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairford</b> (<i>Mr. Alexander</i> or <i>Saunders</i>), a lawyer.</p>
+
+<p><i>Allan Fairford</i>, a young barrister, son of Saunders, and a friend of
+Darsie Latimer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sister of Sir Arthur
+Darsie Redgauntlet, called &quot;Darsie Latimer.&quot;</p>
+
+<p><i>Peter Fairford</i>, Allan's cousin.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Redgauntlet</i> (time,
+George III.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairleigh</b> (<i>Frank</i>), the pseudonym of F.E. Smedley, editor of
+Sharpe's <i>London Magazine</i> (1848, 1849). It was in this magazine that
+Smedley's two novels, <i>Frank Fairleigh</i> and <i>Louis Arundel</i> were first
+published.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairlimb</b>, sister of Bitelas, and daughter of Rukenaw the ape, in
+the beast-epic called <i>Reynard the Fox</i> (1498).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fair Maid of Perth.</b> Heroine of Scott's novel of same name.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fair'scrieve</b> (2 <i>syl</i>.), clerk of Mr. James Middleburgh, a
+magistrate of Edinburgh.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of Midlothian</i> (time,
+George II.).</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairservice</b> (<i>Mr.</i>), a magistrate's clerk.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Heart of
+Midlothian</i> (time, George II.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Fairservice (Andrew)</i>, the humorous Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand
+Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Rob Boy</i> (time,
+George I.).</p>
+
+<p>Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its way as the humors of Andrew
+Fairservice.&mdash;<i>London Athen&aelig;um</i>.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fairstar</b> <i>(Princess)</i>, daughter of Queen Blon'dina (who had at one
+birth two boys and a girl, all &quot;with stars on their foreheads, and a
+chain of gold about their necks&quot;). On the same day, Blondina's sister
+Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) had a son, afterwards called
+Cherry. The queen-mother, wishing to destroy these four children,
+ordered Fein'tisa to strangle them, but Feintisa sent them adrift in a
+boat, and told the queen-mother they were gone. It so happened that the
+boat was seen by a corsair, who brought the children to his wife
+Cor'sina to bring up. The corsair soon grew immensely rich, because
+every time the hair of these children was combed, jewels fell from their
+heads. When grown up, these castaways went to the land of their royal
+father and his brother, but Cherry was for a while employed in getting
+for Fairstar (1) <i>The dancing water</i>, which had the gift of imparting
+beauty; (2) <i>The singing apple</i>, which had the gift of imparting wit;
+and (3) <i>The green bird</i>, which could reveal all secrets. By this bird
+the story of their birth was made known, and Fairstar married her cousin
+Cherry.&mdash;Comtesse D'Aunoy, <i>Fairy Tales</i> (&quot;Princess Fair-star,&quot; 1682).</p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/therefore.jpg" width="35" height="23" alt="therefore.jpg"> This tale is borrowed from the fairy tales of Straparola, the
+Milanese (1550).</p>
+
+<p><b>Faith</b> <i>(Brown)</i>, wife of Goodman Brown. He sees her in his fantasy
+of the witches' revel in the forest, and calls to her to &quot;look up to
+heaven.&quot;&mdash;Hawthorne, <i>Mosses from an Old Manse</i> (1854).</p>
+
+<p><i>Faith</i> (<i>Derrick</i>). A beautiful, unsophisticated girl, whose
+accomplished tutor instructs her in belles lettres, natural philosophy,
+religion and love. He becomes a clergyman and she marries him.&mdash;Susan
+Warner, <i>Say and Seal</i> (1860).</p>
+
+<p><i>Faith Gartney</i>. A city girl whose parents remove to the country before
+she has an opportunity to enter society. She is partially betrothed to
+Paul Rushleigh, but under the influence of nature, and association with
+an older and nobler man, outgrows her early lover, and marries Roger
+Armstrong.&mdash;A.D.T. Whitney, <i>Faith Gartney's Girlhood</i> (1863).</p>
+
+<p><b>Faithful</b>, a companion of Christian in his walk to the Celestial
+City. Both were seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being burnt to
+death, was taken to heaven, in a chariot of fire.&mdash;Bunyan, <i>Pilgrim's
+Progress</i>, i. (1678).</p>
+
+<p><i>Faithful</i> (<i>Jacob</i>), the title and hero of a sea tale, by Captain
+Marryat (1835).</p>
+
+<p><i>Faithful</i> (<i>Father of the</i>), Abraham.&mdash;<i>Rom</i>. iv.; <i>Gal</i>. iii. 6-9.</p>
+
+<p><b>Faithful Shepherdess</b> <i>(The)</i>, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher
+(1610). The &quot;faithful shepherdess&quot; is Clorin, whose lover was dead.
+Faithful to his memory, Clorin retired from the busy world, employing
+her time in works of humanity, such as healing the sick, exorcising the
+bewitched, and comforting the afflicted.</p>
+
+<p>(A part of Milton's <i>Comus</i> is almost a verbal transcript of the
+pastoral.)</p>
+
+<p><b>Fakar</b> (<i>Dhu'l</i>), Mahomet's scimitar.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fakenham Ghost</b> <i>(The).</i> An old woman, walking to Fakenham, had to
+cross the churchyard after nightfall. She heard a short, quick step
+behind, and looking round saw what she fancied to be a four-footed
+monster. On she ran, faster and faster, and on came the pattering
+footfalls behind. She gained the churchyard gate and pushed it open,
+but, ah! &quot;the monster&quot; also passed through. Every moment she expected it
+would leap upon her back. She reached her cottage door and fainted. Out
+came her husband with a lantern, saw the &quot;sprite,&quot; which was no other
+than the foal of a donkey, that had strayed into the park and followed
+the ancient dame to her cottage door.</p>
+
+And many a laugh went through the vale.<br>
+And some conviction, too;<br>
+Each thought some other goblin tale<br>
+Perhaps was just as true.<br>
+
+<p>R. Bloomfield, <i>The Fakenham Ghost</i> (a fact).</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><b>Falcon.</b> Wm. Morris tells us that whoso watched a certain falcon for
+seven days and seven nights without sleeping, should have his first wish
+granted by a fay. A certain king accomplished the watching, and wished
+to have the fay's love. His wish was granted, but it proved his
+ruin.&mdash;<i>The Earthly Paradise</i> (&quot;July&quot;)</p>
+
+<p><b>Falconer</b> (Mr.), laird of Balmawhapple, friend of the old baron of
+Bradwardine.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Waverley</i> time, George <i>Falconer</i>
+(<i>Major</i>), brother of Lady Bothwell.&mdash;Sir W. Scott, <i>Aunt Margaret's
+Mirror</i> (time, William III.).</p>
+
+<p><i>Falconer</i> (<i>Edmund</i>), the <i>nom de plume</i> of Edmund O'Rourke, author of
+<i>Extremes or Men of the day</i> (a comedy, 1859).</p>
+
+<p><b>Falie'ro</b> (<i>Marino</i>), the doge of Venice, an old man who married a
+young wife named Angioli'na (3 <i>syl</i>.). At a banquet, Michel Steno, a
+young patrician, grossly insulted some of the ladies, and was, by the
+order of the doge, turned out of the house. In revenge, Steno placarded
+the doge's chair with some scurrilous verses upon the young dogaressa,
+and Faliero referred the matter to &quot;the Forty.&quot; The council sentenced
+Steno to two months' imprisonment, and the doge deemed this punishment
+so inadequate to the offence, that he looked upon it as a personal
+insult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, root and branch, the whole
+Venetian nobility. The project being discovered, Faliero was put to
+death (1355), at the age of 76, and his picture removed from the gallery
+of his brother doges.&mdash;Byron, <i>Marino Faliero.</i></p>
+
+<p><img border="0" src="images/border.jpg" width="693" height="146" alt="border.jpg"></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction
+and the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
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+identical to the filename).  The path to the file is made up of single
+digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename.  For
+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234
+
+or filename 24689 would be found at:
+     https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and
+the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol 1
+       A Revised American Edition of the Reader's Handbook
+
+Author: The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
+Release Date: March 4, 2004 [EBook #11431]
+[Date last updated: January 22, 2006]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARACTER SKETCHES, VOL. I ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Bradley Norton and PG Distributed
+Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION AND THE DRAMA
+
+A REVISED AMERICAN EDITION OF THE READER'S HANDBOOK
+
+BY
+
+THE REV. E. COBHAM BREWER, LL.D.
+
+EDITED BY MARION HARLAND
+
+VOLUME I
+
+
+
+NEW YORK   SELMAR HESS   PUBLISHER
+        M D C C C X C I I
+
+
+Copyright, 1892, by
+SELMAR HESS
+
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+VOLUME I.
+
+PHOTOGRAVURES AND ETCHINGS.
+
+_Illustration_.................._Artist_
+
+ICHABOD CRANE (_colored_).......E.A. ABBEY
+
+CONSTANCE DE BEVERLEY................TOBY ROSENTHAL
+
+LADY BOUNTIFUL.......................ROB. W. MACBETH
+
+SYDNEY CARTON........................FREDERICK BARNARD
+
+BERNHARDT AS CLEOPATRA..............._From a Photograph from Life_
+
+ABBE CONSTANTIN......................MADELEINE LEMAIRE
+
+CAPTAIN CUTTLE.......................FREDERICK BARNARD
+
+THE TRUSTY ECKART....................JULIUS ADAM
+
+ELAINE...............................TOBY ROSENTHAL
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WOOD ENGRAVINGS AND TYPOGRAVURES.
+
+ABELARD..............................A. GUILLEMINOT
+
+AENEAS RELATING HIS STORY TO DIDO....P. GUERIN
+
+ALBERICH'S PURSUIT OF THE NIBELUNGEN RING...HANS MAKART
+
+ALETHE, PRIESTESS OF ISIS............EDWIN LONG
+
+ALEXIS AND DORA......................W. VON KAULBACH
+
+ALICE, THE MILLER'S DAUGHTER.........DAVIDSON KNOWLES
+
+ANCIENT MARINER (THE)................GUSTAVE DORE
+
+ANDROMEDA............................
+
+ANGELIQUE AND MONSEIGNEUR DE HAUTECOEUR...JEANNIOT
+
+ANGUS AND DONALD.....................W.B. DAVIS
+
+ANTIGONE AND ISMENE..................EMIL TESCHENDORFF
+
+ANTONY AND THE DEAD CAESAR...........
+
+ARCHIMEDES...........................NIC BARABINO
+
+ARGAN AND DOCTOR DIAFOIRUS...........A. SOLOMON
+
+ASHTON (LUCY) AND RAVENSWOOD.........SIR EVERETT MILLAIS
+
+ATALA (BURIAL OF)....................GUSTAVE COURTOIS
+
+AUGUSTA IN COURT.....................A. FORESTIER
+
+AUTOMEDON............................HENRI REGNAULT
+
+BALAUSTION...........................F.H. LUNGREN
+
+BALDERSTONE (CALEB) AND MYSIE.......GEORGE HAY
+
+BAREFOOT (LITTLE)....................F. VON THELEN-RUeDEN
+
+BARKIS IS WILLIN'....................C.J. STANILAND
+
+BAUDIN (THE DEATH OF)................J.-P. LAURENS
+
+BAYARD (THE CHEVALIER)...............LARIVIERE
+
+BEDREDEEN HASSAN (MARRIAGE OF) AND NOUREDEEN...F. CORMON
+
+BELLENDEN (LADY) AND MAUSE HEADRIGG..WM. DOUGLAS
+
+BENEDICK AND BEATRICE................HUGHES MERLE
+
+BIRCH (HARVEY), THE PEDDLER-SPY.....
+
+BLANCHELYS (QUEEN) AND THE PILGRIM...J. NOEL PATON
+
+BOABDIL-EL-CHICO'S FAREWELL TO GRENADA...E. CORBOULD
+
+BOADICEA.............................THOS. STOTHARD
+
+BONNICASTLE (ARTHUR) AND MILLIE BRADFORD...
+
+BOTTOM AND TITANIA...................SIR EDWIN LANDSEER
+
+BRABANT (GENEVIEVE DE)...............ERNST BOSCH
+
+BRAeSIG, LINING AND MINING............CONRAD BECKMANN
+
+BROOKING'S (JOHN) STUDIO.............A. FORESTIER
+
+CAESAR (THE DEATH OF).................J.L. GEROME
+
+CANTERBURY PILGRIMS (THE)............THOS. STOTHARD; WM. BLAKE
+
+CAREW (FRANCIS) FINDING THE BODY OF DERRICK...HAL LUDLOW
+
+CARMEN...............................J. KOPPAY
+
+CATARINA.............................
+
+CHARLES IX. ON THE EVE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW...P. GROTJOHANN
+
+CHARLOTTE CORDAY AND MARAT..........JULES AVIAT
+
+CHATTERTON'S HOLIDAY AFTERNOON.......W.B. MORRIS
+
+CHILDREN (THE) IN THE WOOD...........J. SANT
+
+CHILLON (THE PRISONER OF)............
+
+CHRISTIAN ENTERING THE VALLEY OF HUMILIATION...F.R. PICKERSGILL
+
+CINDERELLA AND THE FAIRY GOD-MOTHER..GUSTAVE DORE
+
+CIRCE AND HER SWINE..................BRITON RIVIERE
+
+CLARA (DONNA) AND ALMANZOR...........
+
+CLARA, JACQUES AND ARISTIDE..........ADRIEN MARIE
+
+CLAUDIO AND ISABELLA.................HOLMAN HUNT
+
+COLUMBUS AND HIS EGG.................LEO. REIFFENSTEIN
+
+CONSUELO.............................
+
+COSETTE..............................G. GUAY
+
+COSTIGAN (CAPTAIN)...................F. BARNARD
+
+COVERLEY (SIR ROGER DE) COMING FROM CHURCH...CHAS. R. LESLIE
+
+CYMON AND IPHIGENIA..................SIR FREDERICK LEIGHTON
+
+DAPHNIS AND CHLOE....................GERARD
+
+DARBY AND JOAN IN HIGH-LIFE..........C. DENDY SADLER
+
+D'ARTAGNAN...........................
+
+DEANS (EFFIE) AND HER SISTER IN THE PRISON...R. HERDMAN
+
+DERBLAY (MADAME) STOPS THE DUEL......EMILE BAYARD
+
+DIDO ON THE FUNERAL PYRE.............E. KELLER
+
+DOMBEY (PAUL AND FLORENCE)..........
+
+EGMONT AND CLAeRCHEN..................C. HUEBERLIN
+
+ELECTRA..............................E. TESCHENDORFF
+
+ELIZABETH AND MARY STUART............W. VON KAULBACH
+
+ELIZABETH, THE LANDGRAVINE...........THEODOR PIXIS
+
+ELLEN, THE LADY OF THE LAKE..........J. ADAMS-ACTON
+
+ELLIE (LITTLE).......................
+
+ERMINIA AND THE SHEPHERDS............DOMENICHINO
+
+ESMERALDA............................G. BRION
+
+ESTE (LEONORA D') AND TASSO..........W. VON KAULBACH
+
+EVANGELINE...........................EDWIN DOUGLAS
+
+EVE'S FAREWELL TO PARADISE...........E. WESTALL
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARACTER SKETCHES OF ROMANCE, FICTION, AND THE DRAMA.
+
+AA'RON, a Moor, beloved by Tam'ora, queen of the Goths,
+in the tragedy of _Titus Andron'icus_, published among the plays of
+Shakespeare (1593).
+
+(The classic name is _Andronicus_, but the character of this play is
+purely fictitious.)
+
+_Aaron (St.)_, a British martyr of the City of Legions (_Newport_,
+in South Wales). He was torn limb from limb by order of Maximian'us
+Hercu'lius, general in Britain, of the army of Diocle'tian. Two
+churches were founded in the City of Legions, one in honor of St.
+Aaron and one in honor of his fellow-martyr, St. Julius. Newport was
+called Caerleon by the British.
+
+  ... two others ... sealed their doctrine with
+  their blood;
+  St. Julius, and with him St. Aaron, have their
+  room
+  At Carleon, suffering death by Diocletian's doom.
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv, (1622).
+
+AAZ'IZ (3 _syl._), so the queen of Sheba or Saba is sometimes called;
+but in the Koran she is called Balkis (ch. xxvii.).
+
+ABAD'DON, an angel of the bottomless pit (_Rev_. ix. 11). The word is
+derived from the Hebrew, _abad_, "lost," and means _the lost one_.
+There are two other angels introduced by Klopstock in _The Messiah_
+with similar names, but must not be confounded with the angel referred
+to in _Rev_.; one is Obaddon, the angel of death, and the other
+Abbad'ona, the repentant devil.
+
+AB'ARIS, to whom Apollo gave a golden arrow, on which to ride through
+the air.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.
+
+ABBAD'ONA, once the friend of Ab'diel, was drawn into the rebellion of
+Satan half unwillingly. In hell he constantly bewailed his fall, and
+reproved Satan for his pride and blasphemy. He openly declared to the
+internals that he would take no part or lot in Satan's scheme for the
+death of the Messiah, and during the crucifixion lingered about the
+cross with repentance, hope, and fear. His ultimate fate we are not
+told, but when Satan and Adramelech are driven back to hell, Obaddon,
+the angel of death, says--
+
+"For thee, Abbadona, I have no orders. How long thou art permitted to
+remain on earth I know not, nor whether thou wilt be allowed to see
+the resurrection of the Lord of glory ... but be not deceived, thou
+canst not view Him with the joy of the redeemed." "Yet let me see Him,
+let me see him!"--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xiii.
+
+ABBERVILLE (_Lord_), a young nobleman, 23 years of age, who has for
+travelling tutor a Welshman of 65, called Dr. Druid, an antiquary,
+wholly ignorant of his real duties as a guide of youth. The young
+man runs wantonly wild, squanders his money, and gives loose to his
+passions almost to the verge of ruin, but he is arrested and reclaimed
+by his honest Scotch bailiff or financier, and the vigilance of his
+father's executor, Mr. Mortimer. This "fashionable lover" promises
+marriage to a vulgar, malicious city minx named Lucinda Bridgemore,
+but is saved from this pitfall also.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable
+Lover_ (1780).
+
+ABBOT (_The_), the complacent churchman in Aldrich's poem of _The
+Jew's Gift_, who hanged a Jew "just for no crime," and pondered and
+smiled and gave consent to the heretic's burial--
+
+"Since he gave his beard to the birds." (1881.)
+
+ABDAL-AZIS, the Moorish governor of Spain after the overthrow of
+king Roderick. When the Moor assumed regal state and affected Gothic
+sovereignty, his subjects were so offended that they revolted and
+murdered him. He married Egilona, formerly the wife of Roderick.--
+Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814).
+
+AB'DALAZ'IZ (_Omar ben_), a caliph raised to "Mahomet's bosom" in
+reward of his great abstinence and self-denial.--_Herbelot_, 690.
+
+He was by no means scrupulous; nor did he think with the caliph Omar
+ben Abdalaziz that it was necessary to make a hell of this world to
+enjoy paradise in the next.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+ABDAL'DAR, one of the magicians in the Domdaniel caverns, "under the
+roots of the ocean." These spirits were destined to be destroyed by
+one of the race of Hodei'rah (3 _syl_.), so they persecuted the race
+even to death. Only one survived, named Thal'aba, and Abdaldar was
+appointed by lot to find him out and kill him. He discovered the
+stripling in an Arab's tent, and while in prayer was about to stab him
+to the heart with a dagger, when the angel of death breathed on him,
+and he fell dead with the dagger in his hand. Thalaba drew from the
+magician's finger a ring which gave him command over the spirits.
+--Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, ii. iii. (1797).
+
+ABDALLA, one of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert's slaves.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Abdal'lah_, brother and predecessor of Giaf'fer (2 _syl_.), pacha of
+Aby'dos. He was murdered by the pacha.--Byron, _Bride of Abydos_.
+
+ABDALLAH EL HADGI, Saladin's envoy.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+ABDALS or _Santons_, a class of religionists who pretend to be
+inspired with the most ravishing raptures of divine love. Regarded
+with great veneration by the vulgar.--_Olearius_, i. 971.
+
+AB'DIEL, the faithful seraph who withstood Satan when he urged those
+under him to revolt.
+
+  ... the seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
+  Among the faithless faithful only he;
+  Among innumerable false, unmoved.
+  Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
+  His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, v. 896, etc. (1665).
+
+ABELARD and ELOISE, unhappy lovers, whose illicit love was succeeded
+by years of penitence and remorse. Abelard was the tutor of Heloise
+(or Eloise), and, although vowed to the church, won and returned her
+passion. They were violently separated by her uncle. Abelard entered a
+monastery and Eloise became a nun. Their love survived the passage of
+years, and they were buried together at _Pere la Chaise.--Eloise and
+Abelard_. By Alexander Pope (1688-1744).
+
+ABENSBERG (_Count_), the father of thirty-two children. When Heinrich
+II. made his progress through Germany, and other courtiers presented
+their offerings, the count brought forward his thirty-two children,
+"as the most valuable offering he could make to his king and country."
+
+ABES'SA, the impersonation of abbeys and convents in Spenser's _Faery
+Queen_, i. 3. She is the paramour of Kirkrapine, who used to rob
+churches and poor-boxes, and bring his plunder to Abessa, daughter of
+Corceca (_Blindness of Heart_).
+
+ABIGAIL, typical name of a maid.--See Beaumont and Fletcher, Swift,
+Fielding, and many modern writers.
+
+ABNEY, called _Young Abney_, the friend of colonel Albert Lee, a
+royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the Commonwealth).
+
+ABON HASSAN, a young merchant of Bag dad, and hero of the tale called
+"The Sleeper Awakened," in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_.
+While Abon Hassan is asleep he is conveyed to the palace of
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and the attendants are ordered to do everything
+they can to make him fancy himself the caliph. He subsequently becomes
+the caliph's chief favorite.
+
+Shakespeare, in the induction of _Taming of the Shrew_, befouls
+"Christopher Sly" in a similar way, but Sly thinks it was "nothing but
+a dream."
+
+Philippe _le Bon_, duke of Burgundy, on his marriage with Eleonora,
+tried the same trick.--Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, ii. 2,4.
+
+ABOU BEN ADHEM, "awakening one night from a deep dream of peace," sees
+an angel writing the names of those who love the Lord. Ben Adhem's
+name is registered as "one who loves his fellow-men." A second vision
+shows his name at the head of the list.
+
+_Abou Ben Adhem_. By Leigh Hunt (1784-1859).
+
+  ABRA, the most beloved of Solomon's concubines.
+  Fruits their odor lost and meats their taste,
+  If gentle Abra had not decked the feast;
+  Dishonored did the sparkling goblet stand,
+  Unless received from gentle Abra's hand; ...
+  Nor could my soul approve the music's tone
+  Till all was hushed, and Abra sang alone.
+
+M. Prior, _Solomon_ (1664-1721).
+
+AB'RADAS, the great Macedonian pirate.
+
+Abradas, the great Macedonian pirate, thought every one had a letter
+of mart that bare sayles in the ocean.--Greene, _Penelope's Web_
+(1601).
+
+ABROC'OMAS, the lover of An'thia in the Greek romance of _Ephesi'aca_,
+by Xenophon of Ephesus (not the historian).
+
+AB'SALOM, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the duke
+of Monmouth, natural son of Charles II. _(David)_. Like Absalom, the
+duke was handsome; like Absalom, he was beloved and rebellious; and
+like Absalom, his rebellion ended in his death (1649-1685).
+
+AB'SOLON, a priggish parish clerk in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. His
+hair was curled, his shoes slashed, his hose red. He could let blood,
+cut hair, and shave, could dance, and play either on the ribible or
+the gittern. This gay spark paid his addresses to Mistress Alison,
+the young wife of John, a rich but aged carpenter: but Alison herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, a lodger in the house.--_The
+Miller's Tale_ (1388).
+
+ABSOLUTE _(Sir Anthony)_, a testy but warm-hearted old gentleman, who
+imagines that he possesses a most angelic temper, and when he quarrels
+with his son, the captain, fancies it is the son who is out of temper,
+and not himself. Smollett's "Matthew Bramble" evidently suggested this
+character. William Dowton (1764-1851) was the best actor of this part.
+
+_Captain Absolute_, son of sir Anthony, in love with Lydia Languish,
+the heiress, to whom he is known only as ensign Beverley. Bob Acres,
+his neighbor, is his rival, and sends a challenge to the unknown
+ensign; but when he finds that ensign Beverley is captain Absolute,
+he declines to fight, and resigns all further claim to the lady's
+hand.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).
+
+ABSYRTUS, brother of Medea and companion of her flight from Colchis.
+To elude or delay her pursuers, she cut him into pieces and strewed
+the fragments in the road, that her father might be detained by
+gathering up the remains of his son.
+
+_Abu'dah_, in the drama called _The Siege of Damascus_, by John Hughes
+(1720), is the next in command to Caled in the Arabian army set down
+before Damascus. Though undoubtedly brave, he prefers peace to war;
+and when, at the death of Caled, he succeeds to the chief command, he
+makes peace with the Syrians on honorable terms.
+
+ABU'DAH, in the _Tales of the Genii_, by H. Ridley, is a wealthy
+merchant of Bag dad, who goes in quest of the talisman of Oroma'nes,
+which he is driven to seek by a little old hag, who haunts him every
+night and makes his life wretched. He finds at last that the talisman
+which is to free him of this hag [_conscience_] is to "fear God and
+keep his commandments."
+
+ACADE'MUS, an Attic hero, whose garden was selected by Plato for the
+place of his lectures. Hence his disciples were called the "Academic
+sect."
+
+The green retreats of Academus. Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_,
+i (1721-1770).
+
+ACAS'TO (_Lord_), father of Seri'no, Casta'lio, and Polydore; and
+guardian of Monimia "the orphan." He lived to see the death of his
+sons and his ward. Polydore ran on his brother's sword, Castalio
+stabbed himself, and Monimia took poison.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680).
+
+ACES'TES (3 _syl_.). In a trial of skill, Acestes, the Sicilian,
+discharged his arrow with such force that it took fire from the
+friction of the air.--_The AEneid_, Bk. V.
+
+  Like Acestes' shaft of old,
+  The swift thought kindles as it flies.
+
+Longfellow, _To a Child_.
+
+ACHATES [_A-ka'-teze_], called by Virgil "fidus Achates." The name has
+become a synonym for a bosom friend, a crony, but is generally used
+laughingly.--_The AEneid_.
+
+  He, like Achates, faithful to the tomb.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 159.
+
+ACHER'IA, the fox, went partnership with a bear in a bowl of: milk.
+Before the bear arrived, the fox skimmed off the cream and drank the
+milk; then, filling the bowl with mud, replaced the cream atop. Says
+the fox, "Here is the bowl; one shall have the cream, and the other
+all the rest: choose, friend, which you like." The bear told the fox
+to take the cream, and thus bruin had only the mud.--_A Basque Tale_.
+
+A similar tale occurs in Campbell's _Popular Tales of the West
+Highlands_ (iii. 98), called "The Keg of Butter." The wolf chooses the
+_bottom_ when "oats" were the object of choice, and the _top_ when
+"potatoes" were the sowing.
+
+Rabelais tells the same tale about a farmer and the devil. Each was
+to have on alternate years what grew _under_ and _over_ the soil. The
+farmer sowed turnips and carrots when the _under_-soil produce came
+to his lot, and barley or wheat when his turn was the _over_-soil
+produce.
+
+ACHILLE GRANDISSIME, "A rather poor specimen of the Grandissime type,
+deficient in stature, but not in stage manner."--_The Grandissimes_,
+by George W. Cable (1880).
+
+ACHIL'LES (3 _syl_.), the hero of the allied Greek army in the siege
+of Troy, and king of the Myr'midons.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable_.
+
+_The English Achilles_, John Talbot, first earl of Shrewsbury
+(1373-1453).
+
+The duke of Wellington is so called sometimes, and is represented by
+a statue of Achilles of gigantic size in Hyde Park, London, close to
+Apsley House (1769-1852).
+
+_The Achilles of Germany_, Albert, elector of Brandenburg (1414-1486).
+
+_Achilles of Rome_, Sicin'ius Denta'tus (put to death B.C. 450).
+
+ACHIT'OPHEL, "Him who drew Achitophel," Dryden, author of the famous
+political satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_. "David" is Charles II.;
+his rebellious son "Absalom" is the king's natural son, the handsome
+but rebellious James duke of Monmouth; and "Achitophel," the
+traitorous counsellor, is the earl of Shaftesbury, "for close designs
+and crooked counsels fit."
+
+  Can sneer at him who drew Achitophel.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 100.
+
+There is a portrait of the first earl of Shaftesbury (Dryden's
+"Achitophel") as lord chancellor of England, clad in ash-colored
+robes, because he had never been called to the bar.--E. Yates,
+_Celebrities_, xviii.
+
+A'CIS, a Sicilian shepherd, loved by the nymph Galate'a. The monster
+Polypheme (3 _syl_.), a Cyclops, was his rival, and crushed him under
+a huge rock. The blood of Acis was changed into a river of the same
+name at the foot of mount Etna.
+
+Not such a pipe, good reader, as that which Acis did sweetly tune in
+praise of his Galatea, but one of true Delft manufacture.--W. Irving
+(1783-1859).
+
+ACK'LAND (_Sir Thomas_), a royalist.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time,
+the Commonwealth).
+
+AC'OE (3 _syl_.), "hearing," in the New Testament sense (_Rom_. x.
+17), "Faith cometh by hearing." The nurse of Fido [_faith_]. Her
+daughter is Meditation. (Greek,[Illustration], "hearing.")
+
+  With him [_Faith_] his nurse went, careful Acoe,
+  Whose hands first from his mother's womb
+  did take him,
+  And ever since have fostered tenderly.
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633).
+
+ACRAS'IA, Intemperance personified. Spenser says she is an enchantress
+living in the "Bower of Bliss," in "Wandering Island." She had the
+power of transforming her lovers into monstrous shapes; but sir Guyon
+(_temperance_), having caught her in a net and bound her, broke down
+her bower and burnt it to ashes.--_Faery Queen_, ii. 12 (1590).
+
+ACRA'TES (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Purple Island_,
+by Phineas Fletcher. He had two sons (twins) by Caro, viz., Methos
+(_drunkenness_) and Gluttony, both fully described in canto vii.
+(Greek, _akrates_, "incontinent.")
+
+_Acra'tes_ (3 _syl_.), Incontinence personified in _The Faery Queen_,
+by Spenser. He is the father of Cymoch'les and Pyroch'les.--Bk. ii. 4
+(1590).
+
+ACRES (_Bob_), a country gentleman, the rival of ensign Beverley,
+_alias_ captain Absolute, for the hand and heart of Lydia Languish,
+the heiress. He tries to ape the man of fashion, gets himself up as a
+loud swell, and uses "sentimental oaths," _i. e_. oaths bearing on
+the subject. Thus if duels are spoken of he says, _ods triggers and
+flints_; if clothes, _ods frogs and tambours_; if music, _ods minnums_
+[minims] _and crotchets_; if ladies, _ods blushes and blooms_. This
+he learnt from a militia officer, who told him the ancients swore by
+Jove, Bacchus, Mars, Venus, Minerva, etc., according to the sentiment.
+Bob Acres is a great blusterer, and talks big of his daring, but when
+put to the push "his courage always oozed out of his fingers' ends."
+J. Quick was the original Bob Acres.--Sheridan, _The Rivals_ (1775).
+
+  As thro' his palms _Bob Acres_' valor oozed,
+  So Juan's virtue ebbed, I know not how.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_.
+
+Joseph Jefferson's impersonation of Bob Acres is inimitable for
+fidelity to the spirit of the original, and informed throughout with
+exquisite humor that never degenerates into coarseness.
+
+ACRIS'IUS, father of Dan'ae. An oracle declared that Danae would give
+birth to a son who would kill him, so Acrisius kept his daughter shut
+up in an apartment under ground, or (as some say) in a brazen tower.
+Here she became the mother of Per'seus (2 _syl_.), by Jupiter in the
+form of a shower of gold. The king of Argos now ordered his daughter
+and her infant to be put into a chest, and cast adrift on the sea,
+but they were rescued by Dictys, a fisherman. When grown to manhood,
+Perseus accidentally struck the foot of Acrisius with a quoit, and the
+blow caused his death. This tale is told by Mr. Morris in _The Earthly
+Paradise_ (April).
+
+ACTAE'ON, a hunter, changed by Diana into a stag. A synonym for a
+cuckold.
+
+  Divulge Page himself for a secure and wilful
+  Actaeon [cuckold].
+
+Shakespeare, _Merry Wives_, etc., act iii. sc. 2 (1596).
+
+ACTE'A, a female slave faithful to Nero in his fall. It was this
+hetaera who wrapped the dead body in cerements, and saw it decently
+interred.
+
+  This Actea was beautiful. She was seated on
+  the ground; the head of Nero was on her lap,
+  his naked body was stretched on those winding-sheets
+  in which she was about to fold him, to lay
+  him in his grave upon the garden hill.--Ouida,
+  _Ariadne_, i. 7.
+
+ACTORS AND ACTRESSES. The last male actor that took a woman's
+character on the stage was Edward Kynaston, noted for his beauty
+(1619-1687). The first female actor for hire was Mrs. Saunderson,
+afterwards Mrs. Betterton, who died in 1712.
+
+AD, AD'ITES (2 _syl_.). Ad is a tribe descended from Ad, son of Uz,
+son of Irem, son of Shem, son of Noah. The tribe, at the Confusion
+of Babel, went and settled on Al-Ahkaf [_the Winding Sands_], in the
+province of Hadramant. Shedad was their first king, but in consequence
+of his pride, both he and all the tribe perished, either from drought
+or the Sarsar (_an icy wind_).--Sale's _Koran_, 1.
+
+  Woe, woe, to Irem! Woe to Ad!
+  Death, has gone up into her palaces!....
+  They fell around me. Thousands fell around.
+  The king and all his people fell;
+  All, all, they perished all.
+
+  Southey, _Thalaba the Destroyer_, i. 41, 45 (1797).
+
+A'DAH, wife of Cain. After Cain had been conducted by Lucifer through
+the realms of space, he is restored to the home of his wife and child,
+where all is beauty, gentleness, and love. Full of faith and fervent
+in gratitude, Adah loves her infant with a sublime maternal affection.
+She sees him sleeping, and says to Cain--
+
+  How lovely he appears! His little cheeks
+  In their pure incarnation, vying with
+  The rose leaves strewn beneath them.
+  And his lips, too,
+  How beautifully parted! No; you shall not
+  Kiss him; at least not now. He will awake soon--
+  His hour of midday rest is nearly over.
+
+  Byron, _Cain_.
+
+ADAM. In _Greek_ this word is compounded of the four initial letters
+of the cardinal quarters:
+
+  Arktos, [Greek: _arktos_]. north.
+  Dusis, [Greek: _dusis_]. west.
+  Anatole, [Greek: _anatolae_]. east.
+  Mesembria, [Greek: _mesaembria_]. south.
+
+The _Hebrew_ word ADM forms the anagram of A [dam], D [avid], M
+[essiah].
+
+_Adam, how made_. God created the body of Adam of _Salzal_, _i.e._
+dry, unbaked clay, and left it forty nights without a soul. The clay
+was collected by Azrael from the four quarters of the earth, and God,
+to show His approval of Azrael's choice, constituted him the angel of
+death.--Rabadan.
+
+_Adam, Eve, and the Serpent_. After the fall _Adam_ was placed on
+mount Vassem in the east; _Eve_ was banished to Djidda (now Gedda,
+on the Arabian coast); and the _Serpent_ was exiled to the coast of
+Eblehh.
+
+After the lapse of 100 years Adam rejoined Eve on mount Arafaith
+[_place of Remembrance_], near Mecca.--D'Ohsson.
+
+_Death of Adam_. Adam died on Friday, April 7, at the age of 930
+years. Michael swathed his body, and Gabriel discharged the funeral
+rites. The body was buried at Ghar'ul-Kenz [_the grotto of treasure_],
+which overlooks Mecca.
+
+His descendants at death amounted to 40,000 souls.--D'Ohsson.
+
+When Noah, entered the ark (the same writer says) he took the body of
+Adam in a coffin with him, and when he left the ark restored it to the
+place he had taken it from.
+
+_Adam_, a bailiff, a jailer.
+
+Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam that keeps the
+prison.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_, act iv. sc. 3 (1593).
+
+_Adam_, a faithful retainer in the family of sir Eowland de Boys. At
+the age of fourscore, he voluntarily accompanied his young master
+Orlando into exile, and offered to give him his little savings.
+He has given birth to the phrase, "A Faithful Adam" [_or
+man-servant_].--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598).
+
+ADAM BELL, a northern outlaw, noted for his archery. The name, like
+those of Clym of the Clough, William of Cloudesly, Robin Hood, and
+Little John, is synonymous with a good archer.
+
+ADAMASTOR, the Spirit of the Cape, a hideous phantom, of unearthly
+pallor; "erect his hair uprose of withered red, his lips were black,
+his teeth blue and disjointed, his beard haggard, his face scarred by
+lightning, his eyes shot livid fire, his voice roared." The sailors
+trembled at sight of him, and the fiend demanded how they dared to
+trespass "where never hero braved his rage before?" He then told them
+"that every year the shipwrecked should be made to deplore their
+foolhardiness."--Camoeens, _The Lusiad_, v. (1569).
+
+ADAM'IDA, a planet on which reside the unborn spirits of saints,
+martyrs, and believers. U'riel, the angel of the sun, was ordered
+at the crucifixion to interpose this planet between the sun and the
+earth, so as to produce a total eclipse.
+
+Adamida, in obedience to the divine command, flew amidst overwhelming
+storms, rushing clouds, falling mountains, and swelling seas. Uriel
+stood on the pole of the star, but so lost in deep contemplation on
+Golgotha, that he heard not the wild uproar. On coming to the region
+of the sun, Adamida slackened her course, and advancing before the
+sun, covered its face and intercepted all its rays.--Klopstock, _The
+Messiah_, viii. (1771).
+
+ADAMS _(John)_, one of the mutineers of the _Bounty_ (1790), who
+settled in Tahiti. In 1814 he was discovered as the patriarch of a
+colony, brought up with a high sense of religion and strict regard to
+morals. In 1839 the colony was voluntarily placed under the protection
+of the British Government.
+
+_Adams (Parson)_, the beau-ideal of a simple-minded, benevolent, but
+eccentric country clergyman, of unswerving integrity, solid learning,
+and genuine piety; bold as a lion in the cause of truth, but modest as
+a girl in all personal matters; wholly ignorant of the world, being
+"_in_ it but not _of_ of it."--Fielding, _Joseph Andrews_ (1742).
+
+His learning, his simplicity, his evangelical purity of mind are so
+admirably mingled with pedantry, absence of mind, and the habit of
+athletic ... exercise ... that he may be safely termed one of the
+richest productions of the muse of fiction. Like Don Quixote, parson
+Adams is beaten a little too much and too often, but the cudgel
+lights upon his shoulders ... without the slightest stain to his
+reputation.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+AD'DISON OF THE NORTH, Henry Mackenzie, author of _The Man of Feeling_
+(1745-1831).
+
+ADELAIDE, daughter of the count of Narbonne, in love with Theodore.
+She is killed by her father in mistake for another.--Robt. Jephson,
+_Count of Narbonne_ (1782).
+
+ADELAIDE FISHER, daughter-in-law of Grandpa and Grandma Fisher in
+Sallie Pratt McLean Greene's _Cape Cod Folks_. She has a sweet voice
+and an edged temper, and it would seem from certain cynical remarks
+of her own, and Grandma's "Thar, daughter, I wouldn't mind!" has a
+history she does not care to reveal (1881).
+
+ADELAIDE YATES, the wife of Steve Yates and mother of Little Moses in
+Charles Egbert Craddock's _In the "Stranger People's" Country_. Her
+husband has been seized and detained by the "moonshiners" in the
+mountains, and the impression is that he has wilfully deserted her.
+She cannot discredit it, but "She's goin' ter stay thar in her cabin
+an' wait fur him," said Mrs. Pettengill. "Sorter seems de-stressin',
+I do declar'. A purty, young, good, r'ligious 'oman a-settin' herself
+ter spen' a empty life a-waitin' fur Steve Yates ter kum back!"
+(1890.)
+
+ADELINE _(Lady)_, the wife of lord Henry Amun'deville (4 _syl_.), a
+highly educated aristocratic lady, with all the virtues and weaknesses
+of the upper ten. After the parliamentary sessions this noble pair
+filled their house with guests, amongst which were the duchess of
+Fitz-Fulke, the duke of D----, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian
+envoy." The tale not being finished, no key to these names is given.
+(For the lady's character, see xiv. 54-56.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii.
+to the end.
+
+AD'EMAR or ADEMA'RO, archbishop of Poggio, an ecclesiastical warrior
+in Tasso's _Jerusalem Delivered_.--See _Dictionary of Phrase and
+Fable_.
+
+ADIC'IA, wife of the soldan, who incites him to distress the kingdom
+of Mercilla. When Mercilla sends her ambassador, Samient, to negotiate
+peace, Adicia, in violation of international law, thrusts her Samient
+out of doors like a dog, and sets two knights upon her. Sir Artegal
+comes to her rescue, attacks the two knights, and knocks one of them
+from his saddle with such force that he breaks his neck. After the
+discomfiture of the soldan, Adicia rushes forth with a knife to stab
+Samient, but, being intercepted by sir Artegal, is changed into a
+tigress.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 8 (1596).
+
+[Illustration] The "soldan" is king Philip II. of Spain; "Mercilla" is
+queen Elizabeth; "Adicia" is Injustice personified, or the bigotry of
+popery; and "Samient" the ambassadors of Holland, who went to Philip
+for redress of grievances, and were most iniquitously detained by him
+as prisoners.
+
+AD'ICUS, Unrighteousness personified in canto vii. of _The Purple
+Island_ (1633), by Phineas Fletcher. He has eight sons and daughters,
+viz., Ec'thros _(hatred)_, Eris _(variance)_, a daughter, Zelos
+_(emulation)_, Thumos _(wrath)_, Erith'ius _(strife)_, Dichos'tasis
+_(sedition)_, Envy, and Phon'os _(murder)_; all fully described by the
+poet. (Greek, _adikos_, "an unjust man.")
+
+ADIE OF AIKENSHAW, a neighbor of the Glendinnings.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+ADME'TUS, a king of Thessaly, husband of Alcestis. Apollo, being
+condemned by Jupiter to serve a mortal for twelve months for slaying a
+Cyclops, entered the service of Admetus. James R. Lowell has a poem on
+the subject, called _The Shepherd of King Admetus_ (1819-1891).
+
+AD'MIRABLE _(The)_: (1) Aben-Ezra, a Spanish rabbin, born at
+Tole'do (1119-1174). (2) James Crichton _(Kry-ton)_, the Scotchman
+(1551-1573). (3) Roger Bacon, called "The Admirable Doctor"
+(1214-1292).
+
+ADOLF, bishop of Cologne, was devoured by mice or rats in 1112. (See
+HATTO.)
+
+AD'ONA, a seraph, the tutelar spirit of James, the "first martyr of
+the twelve."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+ADONAI, the mysterious spirit of pure mind, love, and beauty that
+inspires _Zanoni_, in Bulwer's novel of that name.
+
+ADONAIS, title of Percy Bysshe Shelley's elegy upon John Keats,
+written in 1821.
+
+A'DONBEC EL HAKIM, the physician, a disguise assumed by Saladin, who
+visits sir Kenneth's sick squire, and cures him of a fever.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ADO'NIS, a beautiful youth, beloved by Venus and Proser'pina, who
+quarrelled about the possession of him. Jupiter, to settle the
+dispute, decided that the boy should spend six months with Venus in
+the upper world and six with Proserpina in the lower. Adonis was gored
+to death by a wild boar in a hunt.
+
+Shakespeare has a poem called _Venus and Adonis_. Shelley calls his
+elegy on the poet Keats _Adona'is_, under the idea that the untimely
+death of Keats resembled that of Adonis.
+
+(_Adonis_ is an allegory of the sun, which is six months north of the
+horizon, and six months south. Thammuz is the same as Adonis, and so
+is Osiris).
+
+ADONIRAM PENN, the obstinate and well-to-do farmer in Mary E.
+Wilkins's _Revolt of "Mother_". He persists in building a new barn
+which the cattle do not need instead of the much-needed dwelling for
+his family. In his absence, "Mother," who was wont to "stand before
+her husband in the humble fashion of a Scripture woman," moves
+household and furniture into the commodious barn.
+
+"Adoniram was like a fortress whose walls had no active resistance,
+and went down the instant the right besieging tools were used" (1890).
+
+AD'ORAM, a seraph, who had charge of James the son of
+Alphe'us.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+ADOSINDA, daughter of the Gothic governor of Auria, in Spain. The
+Moors having slaughtered her parents, husband, and child, preserved
+her alive for the captain of Alcahman's regiment. She went to his tent
+without the least resistance, but implored the captain to give her one
+night to mourn the death of those so near and dear to her. To this he
+complied, but during sleep she murdered him with his own scymitar.
+Roderick, disguised as a monk, helped her to bury the dead bodies of
+her house, and then she vowed to live for only one object, vengeance.
+In the great battle, when the Moors were overthrown, she it was who
+gave the word of attack, "Victory and Vengeance!"--Southey, _Roderick,
+etc._, iii. (1814).
+
+ADRAM'ELECH _(ch=k)_, one of the fallen angels. Milton makes him
+overthrown by U'riel and Raphael (_Paradise Lost_, vi. 365). According
+to Scripture, he was one of the idols of Sepharvaim, and Shalmane'ser
+introduced his worship into Samaria. [The word means "the mighty
+magnificent king."]
+
+The Sepharvites burnt their children in the fire to Adramelech.--2
+_Kings_ xvii. 31.
+
+Klopstock introduces him into _The Messiah_, and represents him as
+surpassing Satan in malice and guile, ambition and mischief. He is
+made to hate every one, even Satan, of whose rank he is jealous, and
+whom he hoped to overthrow, that by putting an end to his servitude
+he might become the supreme god of all the created worlds. At the
+crucifixion he and Satan are both driven back to hell by Obad'don, the
+angel of death.
+
+ADRASTE' (_2 syl_.), a French gentleman, who inveigles a Greek slave
+named Isidore from don Pedre. His plan is this: He gets introduced as
+a portrait-painter, and thus imparts to Isidore his love, and obtains
+her consent to elope with him. He then sends his slave Zaide (_2
+syl_.) to don Pedre, to crave protection for ill treatment, and Pedre
+promises to befriend her. At this moment Adraste appears, and demands
+that Zaide be given up to him to punish as he thinks proper. Pedre
+intercedes; Adraste seems to relent; and Pedre calls for Zaide. Out
+comes Isidore instead, with Zaide's veil. "There," says Pedre, "take
+her and use her well." "I will do so," says the Frenchman, and leads
+off the Greek slave.--Moliere, _Le Sicilien, ou L'Amour Peintre_
+(1667).
+
+ADRIAN'A, a wealthy Ephesian lady, who marries Antiph'olus,
+twin-brother of Antipholus of Syracuse. The abbess Aemilia is her
+mother-in-law, but she knows it not; and one day when she accuses her
+husband of infidelity, she says to the abbess, if he is unfaithful it
+is not from want of remonstrance, "for it is the one subject of our
+conversation. In bed I will not let him sleep for speaking of it; at
+table I will not let him eat for speaking of it; when alone with him I
+talk of nothing else, and in company I give him frequent hints of
+it. In a word, all my talk is how vile and bad it is in him to love
+another better than he loves his wife" (act v. sc. 1).--Shakespeare,
+_Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+ADRIA'NO DE ARMA'DO _(Don)_, a pompous, fantastical Spaniard, a
+military braggart in a state of peace, as Parolles (3 _syl_.) was in
+war. Boastful but poor; a coiner of words, but very ignorant; solemnly
+grave, but ridiculously awkward; majestical in gait, but of very low
+propensities.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour Lost_ (1594).
+
+(Said to be designed for John Florio, surnamed "The Resolute," a
+philologist. Holofernes, the pedantic schoolmaster, in the same play,
+is also meant in ridicule of the same lexicographer.)
+
+  You may remember, scarce five years are past
+  Since in your brigantine you sailed to see
+  The Adriatic wedded to our duke.
+
+T. Otway, _Venice Preserved_, i. 1 (1682).
+
+AD'RIEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, the earl of Mulgrave, a
+royalist.
+
+  Sharp-judging Adriel, the Muses' friend;
+  Himself a muse. In sanhedrim's debate
+  True to his prince, but not a slave to state;
+  Whom David's love with honours did adorn,
+  That from his disobedient son were torn.
+
+Part i.
+
+(John Sheffield, earl of Mulgrave (1649-1721) wrote an _Essay on
+Poetry_.)
+
+ADRIENNE LECOUVREUR, French actress, said to have been poisoned by
+flowers sent to her by a rival. Died in 1730.
+
+AE'ACUS, king of Oeno'pia, a man of such integrity and piety, that he
+was made at death one of the three judges of hell. The other two were
+Minos and Rhadaman'thus.
+
+AEGE'ON a huge monster with 100 arms and 50 heads, who with his
+brothers, Cottus and Gyges, conquered the Titans by hurling at them
+300 rocks at once. Homer says _men_ call him "Aege'on," but by the
+_gods_ he is called Bri'areus (3 _syl_.).
+
+  Briareos or Typhon, whom the den
+  By ancient Tarsus held.
+
+--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, I. 199.
+
+_Aege'on_, a merchant of Syracuse, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_
+(1593).
+
+AEMYLIA, a lady of high degree, in love with Am'yas, a squire of
+inferior rank. Going to meet her lover at a trysting-place, she was
+caught up by a hideous monster, and thrust into his den for future
+food. Belphoebe (3 _syl_.) slew "the caitiff" and released the maid
+(canto vii.). Prince Arthur, having slain Corflambo, released Amyas
+from the durance of Paea'na, Corflambo's daughter, and brought the
+lovers together "in peace and joyous blis" (canto ix.).--Spencer,
+_Faery Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+AEMIL'IA, wife of Aege'on the Syracusian merchant, and mother of the
+twins called Antiph'olus. When the boys were shipwrecked, she was
+parted from them and taken to Ephesus. Here she entered a convent, and
+rose to be the abbess. Without her knowing it, one of her twins also
+settled in Ephesus, and rose to be one of its greatest and richest
+citizens. The other son and her husband AEgeon both set foot in Ephesus
+the same day without the knowledge of each other, and all met together
+in the duke's court, when the story of their lives was told, and they
+became again united to each other.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_
+(1593).
+
+AENE'AS, a Trojan prince, the hero of Virgil's epic called _Aeneid._
+He was the son of Anchi'ses and Venus. His first wife was Creu'sa (3
+_syl_.), by whom he had a son named Asca'nius; his second wife
+was Lavinia, daughter of Latinus king of Italy, by whom he had a
+posthumous son called Aene'as Sylvius. He succeeded his father-in-law
+in the kingdom, and the Romans called him their founder.
+
+According to Geoffrey of Monmouth "Brutus," the first king of Britain
+(from whom the island was called _Britain_), was a descendant of
+AEneas.
+
+AENE'ID, the epic poem of Virgil, in twelve books. When Troy was taken
+by the Greeks and set on fire, Aene'as, with his father, son, and
+wife, took flight, with the intention of going to Italy, the original
+birthplace of the family. The wife was lost, and the old father died
+on the way; but after numerous perils by sea and land, AEneas and his
+son Asca'nius reached Italy. Here Latinus, the reigning king, received
+the exiles hospitably, and promised his daughter Lavin'ia in marriage
+to AEneas; but she had been already betrothed by her mother to prince
+Turnus, son of Daunus, king of Ru'tuli, and Turnus would not forego
+his claim. Latinus, in this dilemma, said the rivals must settle
+the dispute by an appeal to arms. Turnus being slain, AEneas married
+Lavinia, and ere long succeeded his father-in-law on the throne.
+
+Book I. The escape from Troy; AEneas and his son, driven by a tempest
+on the shores of Carthage, are hospitably entertained by queen Dido.
+
+II. AEneas tells Dido the tale of the wooden horse, the burning of
+Troy, and his flight with his father, wife, and son. The wife was lost
+and died.
+
+III. The narrative continued. The perils he met with on the way, and
+the death of his father.
+
+IV. Dido falls in love with AEneas; but he steals away from Carthage,
+and Dido, on a funeral pyre, puts an end to her life.
+
+V. AEneas reaches Sicily, and celebrates there the games in honor of
+Anchises. This book corresponds to the _Iliad_, xxiii.
+
+VI. AEneas visits the infernal regions. This book corresponds to
+_Odyssey_, xi.
+
+VII. Latinus king of Italy entertains AEneas, and promises to him
+Lavinia (his daughter) in marriage, but prince Turnus had been already
+betrothed to her by the mother, and raises an army to resist AEneas.
+
+VIII. Preparations on both sides for a general war.
+
+IX. Turnus, during the absence of AEneas, fires the ships and assaults
+the camp. The episode of Nisus and Eury'alus.
+
+X. The war between Turnus and AEneas. Episode of Mezentius and Lausus.
+
+XI. The battle continued.
+
+XII. Turnus challenges AEneas to single combat, and is killed.
+
+N.B.--1. The story of Sinon and taking of Troy is borrowed from
+Pisander, as Macrobius informs us.
+
+2. The loves of Dido and AEneas are copied from those of Medea and
+Jason, in Apollonius.
+
+3. The story of the wooden horse and the burning of Troy are from
+Arcti'nus of Miletus.
+
+AE'OLUS, god of the winds, which he keeps imprisoned in a cave in
+the AEolian Islands, and lets free as he wishes or as the over-gods
+command.
+
+  Was I for this nigh wrecked upon the sea,
+  And twice by awkward wind from England's bank
+  Drove back again unto my native clime?...
+  Yet Aeolus would not be a murderer,
+  But left that hateful office unto thee.
+
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act v, sc. 2 (1591).
+
+AESCULA'PIUS, in Greek, ASKLE'PIOS, the god of healing.
+
+  What says my AEsculapius? my Galen?...
+  Ha! is he dead?
+
+  Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii.
+  sc. 3 (1601).
+
+AE'SON, the father of Jason. He was restored to youth by Medea, who
+infused into his veins the juice of certain herbs.
+
+  In such a night,
+  Medea gather'd the enchanted herbs
+  That did renew old Aeson.
+  Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_, act v. sc. I
+  (before 1598).
+
+AESOP, the fabulist, said to be humpbacked; hence, "an AEsop" means a
+humpbacked man. The young son of Henry VI. calls his uncle Richard of
+Gloster "AEsop."--3 _Henry VI_. act v. sc. 5.
+
+_Aesop of Arabia_, Lokman; and Nasser (fifth century).
+
+_Aesop of England_, John Gay (1688-1732).
+
+_Aesop of France_, Jean de la Fontaine (1621-1695).
+
+_Aesop of Germany_, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781).
+
+_Aesop of India_, Bidpay or Pilpay (third century B.C.).
+
+AFER, the south-west wind; Notus, the full south.
+
+Notus and Afer, black with thundrous clouds. Milton, _Paradise Lost_,
+x. 702 (1665).
+
+AFRICAN MAGICIAN (_The_), pretended to Aladdin to be his uncle, and
+sent the lad to fetch the "wonderful lamp" from an underground cavern.
+As Aladdin refused to hand it to the magician, he shut him in the
+cavern and left him there. Aladdin contrived to get out by virtue of
+a magic ring, and learning the secret of the lamp, became immensely
+rich, built a superb palace, and married the sultan's daughter.
+Several years after, the African resolved to make himself master of
+the lamp, and accordingly walked up and down before the palace, crying
+incessantly, "Who will change old lamps for new!" Aladdin being on a
+hunting excursion, his wife sent a eunuch to exchange the "wonderful
+lamp" for a new one; and forthwith the magician commanded "the slaves
+of the lamp" to transport the palace and all it contained into Africa.
+Aladdin caused him to be poisoned in a draught of wine.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp").
+
+AF'RIT OR AFREET, a kind of Medusa or Lamia, the most terrible and
+cruel of all the orders of the deevs.--_Herbelot_, 66.
+
+  From the hundred chimneys of the village,
+  Like the Afreet in the Arabian story [_Introduct.
+  Tale_],
+
+  Smoky columns tower aloft into the air of amber.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_.
+
+AGAG, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achit'ophel_, is sir
+Edmondbury Godfrey, the magistrate, who was found murdered in a ditch
+near Primrose Hill. Dr. Oates, in the same satire, is called "Corah."
+
+  Corah might for Agag's murder call,
+  In terms as coarse as Samuel used to Saul.
+
+Part i.
+
+AGAMEMNON, king of the Argives and commander-in-chief of the allied
+Greeks in the siege of Troy. Introduced by Shakespeare in his _Troilus
+and Cres'sida_.
+
+_Vixere fortes ante Agamem'nona_, "There were brave men before
+Agamemnon;" we are not to suppose that there were no great and good
+men in former times. A similar proverb is, "There are hills beyond
+Pentland and fields beyond Forth."
+
+AGANDECCA, daughter of Starno king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_],
+promised in marriage to Fingal king of Morven [_north-west of
+Scotland_]. The maid told Fingal to beware of her father, who had set
+an ambush to kill him. Fingal, being thus forewarned, slew the men in
+ambush; and Starno, in rage, murdered his daughter, who was buried by
+Fingal in Ardven [_Argyll_].
+
+  The daughter of the snow overheard, and left
+  the hall of her secret sigh. She came in all her
+  beauty, like the moon from the cloud of the east.
+  Loveliness was around her as light. Her step
+  was like the music of songs. She saw the youth,
+  and loved him. He was the stolen sigh of her
+  soul. Her blue eyes rolled in secret on him, and
+  she blessed the chief of Morven.--_Ossian_ ("Fingal,"
+  iii.)
+
+AGANIP'PE (4 syl.), fountain of the Muses, at the foot of mount
+Helicon, in Boeo'tia.
+
+  From Helicon's harmonious springs
+  A thousand rills their mazy progress take.
+
+Gray, _Progress of Poetry_.
+
+AG'APE (3 syl.) the fay. She had three sons at a birth, Primond,
+Diamond, and Triamond. Being anxious to know the future lot of her
+sons, she went to the abyss of Demogorgon, to consult the "Three Fatal
+Sisters." Clotho showed her the threads, which "were thin as those
+spun by a spider." She begged the fates to lengthen the life-threads,
+but they said this could not be; they consented, however, to this
+agreement--
+
+  When ye shred with fatal knife
+  His line which is the eldest of the three,
+  Eftsoon his life may pass into the next:
+  And when the next shall likewise ended be,
+  That both their lives may likewise be annext
+  Unto the third, that his may so be trebly wext.
+
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 2 (1590).
+
+AGAPI'DA _(Fray Antonio_), the imaginary chronicler of _The Conquest
+of Granada_, written by Washington Irving (1829).
+
+AGAST'YA (3 _syl._), a dwarf who drank the sea dry. As he was walking
+one day with Vishnoo, the insolent ocean asked the god who the pigmy
+was that strutted by his side. Vishnoo replied it was the patriarch
+Agastya, who was going to restore earth to its true balance. Ocean, in
+contempt, spat its spray in the pigmy's face, and the sage, in revenge
+of this affront, drank the waters of the ocean, leaving the bed quite
+dry.--Maurice.
+
+AG'ATHA, daughter of Cuno, and the betrothed of Max, in Weber's opera
+of _Der Freischuetz._--See _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable._
+
+AGATH'OCLES (4 _syl_.) tyrant of Sicily. He was the son of a potter,
+and raised himself from the ranks to become general of the army.
+He reduced all Sicily under his power. When he attacked the
+Carthaginians, he burnt his ships that his soldiers might feel
+assured they must either conquer or die. Agathocles died of poison
+administered by his grandson (B.C. 361-289).
+
+Voltaire has a tragedy called _Agathocle_, and Caroline Pichler has an
+excellent German novel entitled _Agathocles_.
+
+AGATHON, the hero and title of a philosophic romance, by C. M. Wieland
+(1733-1813). This is considered the best of his novels, though some
+prefer his _Don Sylvia de Rosalva_.
+
+AGDISTES, the name given by Spenser to our individual consciousness or
+self. Personified in the being who presided over the Acrasian "bowre
+of blis."
+
+  That is our selfe, whom though we do not see
+  Yet each doth in himselfe it well perceive to bee.
+
+  Therefore a God him sage Antiquity
+  Did wisely make, and good Agdistes call--
+
+  Spenser, _Faerie Queene_, ii. 12.
+
+AGDISTIS, a genius of human form, uniting the two senses and born of
+an accidental union between Jupiter and Tellus. The story of Agdistis
+and Atys is apparently a myth of the generative powers of nature.
+
+AGED (_The_), so Wemmick's father is called. He lived in "the castle
+at Walworth." Wemmick at "the castle" and Wemmick in business are two
+"different beings."
+
+  Wemmick's house was a little wooden cottage,
+  in the midst of plots of garden, and the top of
+  it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted
+  with guns.... It was the smallest of houses,
+  with queer Gothic windows (by far the greater
+  part of them sham), and a Gothic door, almost
+  too small to get in at.... On Sundays he ran
+  up a real flag.... The bridge was a plank, and
+  it crossed a chasm about four feet wide and two
+  deep.... At nine o'clock every night "the gun
+  fired," the gun being mounted in a separate fortress
+  made of lattice-work. It was protected
+  from the weather by a tarpaulin ... umbrella.--
+  C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_, xxv. (1860).
+
+AG'ELASTES (_Michael_), the cynic philosopher.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+AGESILA'US (5 _syl_.). Plutarch tells us that Agesilaus, king of
+Sparta, was one day discovered riding cock-horse on a long stick, to
+please and amuse his children.
+
+A'GIB (_King_), "The Third Calender" (_Arabian Nights'
+Entertainments_). He was wrecked on the loadstone mountain, which
+drew all the nails and iron bolts from his ship; but he overthrew
+the bronze statue on the mountain-top, which was the cause of the
+mischief. Agib visited the ten young men, each of whom had lost
+the right eye, and was carried by a roc to the palace of the forty
+princesses, with whom he tarried a year. The princesses were then
+obliged to leave for forty days, but entrusted him with the keys of
+the palace, with free permission to enter every room but one. On the
+fortieth day curiosity induced him to open this room, where he saw a
+horse, which he mounted, and was carried through the air to Bag dad.
+The horse then deposited him, and knocked out his right eye with a
+whisk of its tail, as it had done the ten "young men" above referred
+to.
+
+AGITATOR (_The Irish_), Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847).
+
+AGLAE, the unwedded sister in T. B. Aldrich's poem, _The Sisters'
+Tragedy_ (1891).
+
+  Two sisters loved one man. He being dead,
+  Grief loosed the lips of her he had not wed,
+  And all the passion that through heavy years,
+  Had masked in smiles, unmasked itself in tears.
+
+AGNEI'A (3 _syl_.), wifely chastity, sister of Parthen'ia or maiden
+chastity. Agneia is the spouse of Encra'tes or temperance. Fully
+described in canto x. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher
+(1633). (Greek, _agneia_, "chastity.")
+
+AG'NES, daughter of Mr. Wickfield the solicitor, and David
+Copperfield's second wife (after the death of Dora, "his child wife").
+Agnes is a very pure, self-sacrificing girl, accomplished, yet
+domestic.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+AGNES, in Moliere's _L'Ecole des Femmes_, the girl on whom Arnolphe
+tries his pet experiment of education, so as to turn out for himself
+a "model wife." She is brought up in a country convent, where she
+is kept in entire ignorance of the difference of sex, conventional
+proprieties, the difference between the love of men and women, and
+that of girls for girls, the mysteries of marriage, and so on. When
+grown to womanhood she quits the convent, and standing one evening on
+a balcony a young man passes and takes off his hat to her, she returns
+the salute; he bows a second and third time, she does the same; he
+passes and repasses several times, bowing each time, and she does as
+she has been taught to do by acknowledging the salute. Of course,
+the young man (_Horace_) becomes her lover, whom she marries, and M.
+Arnolphe loses his "model wife." (See PINCH-WIFE.)
+
+_Elle fait l'Agnes._ She pretends to be wholly unsophisticated and
+verdantly ingenuous.--_French Proverb_ (from the "Agnes" of Moliere,
+_L'Ecole des Femmes_, 1662).
+
+_Agnes_ (_Black_), the countess of March, noted for her defence of
+Dunbar against the English.
+
+_Black Agnes_, the palfry of Mary queen of Scots, the gift of her
+brother Moray, and so called from the noted countess of March, who was
+countess of Moray (Murray) in her own right.
+
+_Agnes_ (_St._), a young virgin of Palermo, who at the age of thirteen
+was martyred at Rome during the Diocletian persecution of A.D. 304.
+Prudence (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens), a Latin Christian poet of the
+fourth century, has a poem on the subject. Tintoret and Domenichi'no
+have both made her the subject of a painting.--_The Martyrdom of St.
+Agnes_.
+
+_St. Agnes and the Devil_. St. Agnes, having escaped from the prison
+at Rome, took shipping and landed at St. Piran Arwothall. The devil
+dogged her, but she rebuked him, and the large moor-stones between St.
+Piran and St. Agnes, in Cornwall, mark the places where the devils
+were turned into stone by the looks of the indignant saint.--Polwhele,
+_History of Cornwall_.
+
+_Agnes of Sorrento_, heroine of novel of same name, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. The scene of the story is laid in Sorrento, Italy.
+
+AGRAMAN'TE (4 _syl_.) or AG'RAMANT, king of the Moors, in _Orlando
+Innamorato_, by Bojardo, and _Orlando Furioso_, by Ariosto.
+
+AGRAWAIN (_Sir_) or SIR AGRAVAIN, surnamed "The Desirous," and also
+"The Haughty." He was son of Lot (king of Orkney) and Margawse
+half-sister of king Arthur. His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir
+Ga'heris, and sir Gareth. Mordred was his half-brother, being the son
+of king Arthur and Margawse. Sir Agravain and sir Mordred hated sir
+Launcelot, and told the king he was too familiar with the queen; so
+they asked the king to spend the day in hunting, and kept watch. The
+queen sent for sir Launcelot to her private chamber, and sir Agravain,
+sir Mordred, and twelve others assailed the door, but sir Launcelot
+slew them all except sir Mordred, who escaped.--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 142-145 (1470).
+
+AGRICA'NE (4 _syl._), king of Tartary, in the _Orlando Innamorato_, of
+Bojardo. He besieges Angelica in the castle of Albracca, and is slain
+in single combat by Orlando. He brought into the field 2,200,000
+troops.
+
+  Such forces met not, nor so wide a camp,
+  When Agrican, with all his northern powers,
+  Besieged Albracca.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (338).
+
+AGRICOLA FUSILIER, a pompous old creole, a conserver of family
+traditions, and patriot who figures in George W. Cable's
+_Grandissimes_ (1880).
+
+  He seemed to fancy himself haranguing a
+  crowd; made another struggle for intelligence,
+  tried once, twice to speak, and the third time
+  succeeded: "Louis--_Louisian--a--for--ever!_"
+  and lay still. They put those two words on his
+  tomb.
+
+AG'RIOS, Lumpishness personified; a "sullen swain, all mirth that in
+himself and others hated; dull, dead, and leaden." Described in canto
+viii. of _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1635). (Greek,
+_agrios_; "a savage.")
+
+AGRIPPINA was granddaughter, wife, sister, and mother of an emperor.
+She was granddaughter of Augustus, wife of Claudius, sister of
+Caligula, and mother of Nero.
+
+[Illustration] Lam'pedo of Lacedaemon was daughter, wife, sister, and
+mother of a king.
+
+AGRIPY'NA or AG'RIPYNE (3 _syl._), a princess beloved by the "king
+of Cyprus'son, and madly loved by Orleans."--Thomas Dekker, _Old
+Fortunatus_ (a comedy, 1600).
+
+AGUE-CHEEK _(Sir Andrew_), a silly old fop with "3000 ducats a year,"
+very fond of the table, but with a shrewd understanding that "beef had
+done harm to his wit." Sir Andrew thinks himself "old in nothing but
+in understanding," and boasts that he can cut a caper, dance the
+coranto, walk a jig, and take delight in masques, like a young
+man.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+Woodward (1737-1777) always sustained "sir Andrew Ague-cheek" with
+infinite drollery, assisted by that expression of "rueful dismay,"
+which gave so peculiar a zest to his _Marplot_.--Boaden, _Life of
+Siddons_ Charles Lamb says that "Jem White saw James Dodd one evening
+in _Ague-cheek_, and recognizing him next day in Fleet Street, took
+off his hat, and saluted him with 'Save you, sir Andrew!' Dodd simply
+waved his hand and exclaimed, 'Away, fool!'"
+
+A'HABACK AND DES'RA, two enchanters, who aided Ahu'bal in his
+rebellion against his brother Misnar, sultan of Delhi. Ahu'bal had a
+magnificent tent built, and Horam the vizier had one built for the
+sultan still more magnificent. When the rebels made their attack, the
+sultan and the best of the troops were drawn off, and the sultan's
+tent was taken. The enchanters, delighted with their prize, slept
+therein, but at night the vizier led the sultan to a cave, and asked
+him to cut a rope. Next morning he heard that a huge stone had fallen
+on the enchanters and crushed them to a mummy. In fact, this stone
+formed the head of the bed, where it was suspended by the rope which
+the sultan had severed in the night.--James Ridley, _Tales of the
+Genii_ ("The Enchanters' Tale," vi.).
+
+AHASUE'RUS, the cobbler who pushed away Jesus when, on the way to
+execution. He rested a moment or two at his door. "Get off! Away with
+you!" cried the cobbler. "Truly, I go away," returned Jesus, "and that
+quickly; but tarry thou till I come." And from that time Ahasuerus
+became the "wandering Jew," who still roams the earth, and will
+continue so to do till the "second coming of the Lord." This is the
+legend given by Paul von Eitzen, bishop of Schleswig (1547).--Greve,
+_Memoir of Paul von Eitzen_ (1744).
+
+AHER'MAN AND AR'GEN, the former a fortress, and the latter a suite of
+immense halls, in the realm of Eblis, where are lodged all creatures
+of human intelligence before the creation of Adam, and all the animals
+that inhabited the earth before the present races existed.--W.
+Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+AH'MED _(Prince)_, noted for the tent given him by the fairy
+Pari-banou, which would cover a whole army, and yet would fold up so
+small that it might be carried in one's pocket. The same good
+fairy also gave him the apple of Samarcand', a panacea for all
+diseases.--_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_ ("Prince Ahmed, etc.").
+
+AHOLIBA'MAH, granddaughter of Cain, and sister of Anah. She was loved
+by the seraph Samias'a, and like her sister was carried off to another
+planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_.
+
+  Proud, imperious, and aspiring, she denies that
+  she worships the seraph, and declares that his
+  immortality can bestow no love more pure and
+  warm than her own, and she expresses a conviction
+  that there is a ray within her "which,
+  though forbidden yet to shine," is nevertheless
+  lighted at the same ethereal fire as his own.--Finden,
+  _Byron Beauties_.
+
+AH'RIMAN OR AHRIMA'NES (4 _syl_.), the angel of darkness and of evil
+in the Magian system, slain by Mithra.
+
+AIKWOOD (_Ringan_), the forester of sir Arthur Wardour, of
+Knockwinnock Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_.
+
+AIMEE, the prudent sister, familiarly known as "the wise one" in
+the Bohemian household described by Francis Hodgson Burnett in
+_Vagabondia_ (1889).
+
+AIM'WELL _(Thomas, viscount_), a gentleman of broken fortune, who pays
+his addresses to Dorin'da, daughter of Lady Bountiful. He is very
+handsome and fascinating, but quite "a man of the world." He and
+Archer are the two beaux of _The Beaux' Stratagem_, a comedy by George
+Farquhar (1705).
+
+I thought it rather odd that Holland should be the only "mister" of
+the party, and I said to myself, as Gibbet said when he heard that
+"Aimwell" had gone to church, "That looks suspicions" (act ii. sc.
+2).--James Smith, _Memoirs, Letters, etc_. (1840).
+
+AIRCASTLE, in the _Cozeners_, by S. Foote. The original of this
+rambling talker was Gahagan, whose method of conversation is thus
+burlesqued:
+
+_Aircastle_: "Did I not tell you what parson Prunello said? I
+remember, Mrs. Lightfoot was by. She had-been brought to bed that
+day was a month of a very fine boy--a bad birth; for Dr. Seeton, who
+served his time with Luke Lancet, of Guise's.--There was also a talk
+about him and Nancy the daughter. She afterwards married Will Whitlow,
+another apprentice, who had great expectations from an old uncle in
+the Grenadiers; but he left all to a distant relation, Kit Cable,
+a midshipman aboard the _Torbay_. She was lost coming home in the
+channel. The captain was taken up by a coaster from Eye, loaded with
+cheese--" [Now, pray, what did parson Prunello say? This is a pattern
+of Mrs. Nickleby's rambling gossip.]
+
+AIR'LIE (_The earl of_), a royalist in the service of king Charles
+I.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_.
+
+AIRY (_Sir George_), a man of fortune, in love with Miran'da, the ward
+of sir Francis Gripe.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Busylody_ (1709).
+
+A'JAX, son of Oileus [_O.i'.luce_], generally called "the less." In
+conseqnence of his insolence to Cassan'dra, the prophetic daughter of
+Priam, his ship was driven on a rock, and he perished at sea.--Homer,
+_Odyssey_, iv. 507; Virgil, _AEneid_, i. 41.
+
+A'JAX TEL'AMON. Sophocles has a tragedy called _Ajax_, in which "the
+madman" scourges a ram he mistakes for Ulysses. His encounter with
+a flock of sheep, which he fancied in his madness to be the sons of
+Atreus, has been mentioned at greater or less length by several Greek
+and Roman poets. Don Quixote had a similar adventure. This Ajax is
+introduced by Shakespeare in his drama called _Troilus and Cressida._
+(See ALIFANFARON).
+
+  The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance
+  The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_];
+  And those more ancient [_Euripides_ and _Seneca_] do enhance
+  Alcides in his fury [_Hercules Furens_];
+  And others, Ajax Telamon;--
+  But to this time there hath been none
+  So bedlam as our Oberon;
+  Of whom I dare assure you.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1536-1631).
+
+AJUT AND ANNINGAIT, in _The Rambler_.
+
+  Part, like Ajut, never to return.
+  Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+ALA'CIEL, the genius who went on a voyage to the two islands,
+Taciturnia and Merry land [_London_ and _Paris_].--De la Dixmerie
+_L'isle Taciturne et l'isle Enjouee, ou Voyage du Genie Alaciel dans
+les deux Iles_ (1759).
+
+ALADDIN, son of Mustafa, a poor tailor, of China, "obstinate,
+disobedent, and mischievous," wholly abandoned "to indolence and
+licentiousness." One day an African magician accosted him, pretending
+to be his uncle, and sent him to bring up the "wonderful lamp," at the
+same time giving him a "ring of safety." Aladdin secured the lamp,
+but would not hand it to the magician till he was out of the cave,
+whereupon the magician shut him up in the cave, and departed for
+Africa. Aladdin, wringing his hands in despair, happened to rub the
+magic ring, when the genius of the ring appeared before him, and asked
+him his commands. Aladdin requested to be delivered from the cave, and
+he returned home. By means of his lamp, he obtained untold wealth,
+built a superb palace, and married Badroul'boudour, the sultan's
+daughter. After a time, the African magician got possession of the
+lamp, and caused the palace, with all its contents, to be transported
+into Africa. Aladdin was absent at the time, was arrested and ordered
+to execution, but was rescued by the populace, with whom he was an
+immense favorite, and started to discover what had become of his
+palace. Happening to slip, he rubbed his ring, and when the genius of
+the ring appeared and asked his orders, was instantly posted to the
+place where his palace was in Africa. He poisoned the magician,
+regained the lamp, and had his palace restored to its original place
+in China.
+
+Yes, ready money is Aladdin's lamp.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 12.
+
+_Aladdin's Lamp_, a lamp brought from an underground cavern in "the
+middle of China." Being in want of food, the mother of Aladdin began
+to scrub it, intending to sell it, when the genius of the lamp
+appeared, and asked her what were her commands. Aladdin answered, "I
+am hungry; bring me food;" and immediately a banquet was set before
+him. Having thus become acquainted with the merits of the lamp, he
+became enormously rich, and married the sultan's daughter. By artifice
+the African magician got possession of the lamp, and transported the
+palace with its contents to Africa. Aladdin poisoned the magician,
+recovered the lamp, and retranslated the palace to its original site.
+
+_Aladdin's Palace Windows_. At the top of the palace was a saloon,
+containing tweny-four windows (six on each side), and all but one
+enriched with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds. One was left for the
+sultan to complete, but all the jewellers in the empire were unable to
+make one to match the others, so Aladdin commanded "the slaves of the
+lamp" to complete their work.
+
+_Aladdin's Ring_, given him by the African magician, "a preservative
+against every evil."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin and the Wonderful
+Lamp").
+
+AL'ADINE, the sagacious but cruel king of Jerusalem, slain by
+Raymond.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+_Al'adine_ (3 _syl_.), son of Aldus, "a lusty knight."--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, vi. 3 (1596).
+
+ALAFF, ANLAF, or OLAF, son of Sihtric, Danish king of Northumberland
+(died 927). When Aethelstan [_Athelstan_] took possession of
+Northumberland, Alaff fled to Ireland, and his brother Guthfrith or
+Godfrey to Scotland.
+
+  Our English Athelstan,
+  In the Northumbrian fields, with most victorious might,
+  Put Alaff and his powers to more inglorious flight.
+
+Drayton, _Potyolbion_, xii. (1612).
+
+ALAIN, cousin of Eos, the artist's wife, in _Desert Sands_, by Harriet
+Prescott Spofford (1863).
+
+ALAR'CON, king of Barca, who joined the armament of Egypt against
+the crusaders, but his men were only half armed.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALARIC COTTIN. Frederick the Great of Prussia was so called by
+Voltaire. "Alaric" because, like Alaric, he was a great warrior, and
+"Cottin" because, like Cottin, satirized by Boileau, he was a very
+indifferent poet.
+
+ALAS'CO, _alias_ DR. DEMETRIUS DOBOOBIE, an old astrologer, consulted
+by the earl of Leicester.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+ALAS'NAM (_Prince Zeyn_) possessed eight statues, each a single
+diamond on a gold pedestal, but had to go in search of a ninth, more
+valuable than them all. This ninth was a lady, the most beautiful and
+virtuous of women, "more precious than rubies," who became his wife.
+
+One pure and perfect _[woman]_ is ... like Alasnam's lady, worth them
+all.--Sir Walter Scott.
+
+_Alasnam's Mirror_. When Alasnam was in search of his ninth statue,
+the king of the Genii gave him a test mirror, in which he was to
+look when he saw a beautiful girl; "if the glass remained pure and
+unsullied, the damsel would be the same, but if not, the damsel would
+not be wholly pure in body and in mind." This mirror was called "the
+touchstone of virtue."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince Zeyn Alasnam").
+
+ALAS'TOR, a surname of Zeus as "the Avenger." Or, in general, any
+deity or demon who avenges wrong done by man. Shelley wrote a poem,
+_Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude_.
+
+Cicero says he meditated killing himself that he might become the
+Alastor of Augustus, whom he hated.--Plutarch, _Cicero, etc._
+("Parallel Lives.")
+
+God Almighty mustered up an army of mice against the archbishop
+[_Hatto_], and sent them to persecute him as his furious
+Alastors.--Coryat, _Crudities_, 571.
+
+AL'BAN (_St._) of Ver'ulam, hid his confessor, St. Am'phibal, and
+changing clothes with him, suffered death in his stead. This was
+during the frightful persecution of Maximia'nus Hercu'lius, general of
+Diocle'tian's army in Britain, when 1000 Christians fell at Lichfield.
+
+  Alban--our proto-martyr called.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. [1622].
+
+AL'BERICK OF MORTEMAR, the same as Theodorick the hermit of Engaddi,
+an exiled nobleman. He tells king Richard the history of his life,
+and tries to dissuade him from sending a letter of defiance to the
+archduke of Austria.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Al' berick_, the squire of prince Richard, one of the sons of Henry
+II. of England.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+ALBERT, commander of the _Britannia_. Brave, liberal, and just,
+softened and refined by domestic ties and superior information. His
+ship was dashed against the projecting verge of Cape Colonna, the most
+southern point of Attica, and he perished in the sea because Rodmond
+(second in command) grasped one of his legs and could not be shaken
+off.
+
+  Though trained in boisterous elements, his mind
+  Was yet by soft humanity refined;
+  Each joy of wedded love at home he knew,
+  Abroad, confessed the father of his crew....
+
+  His genius, ever for th' event prepared,
+  Rose with the storm, and all its dangers shared.
+
+Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, i. 2 (1756).
+
+_Albert_, father of Gertrude, patriarch and judge of Wyo'ming (called
+by Campbell Wy'oming). Both Albert and his daughter were shot by a
+mixed force of British and Indian troops, led by one Brandt, who made
+an attack on the settlement, put all the inhabitants to the sword, set
+fire to the fort, and destroyed all the houses.--Campbell, _Gertrude
+of Wyoming_ (1809).
+
+_Albert_, in Goethe's romance called _The Sorrows of Werther_, is
+meant for his friend Kestner. He is a young German farmer, who married
+Charlotte Buff (called "Lotte" in the novel), with whom Goethe was in
+love. Goethe represents himself under the name of Werther (_q. v._).
+
+ALBERT OF GEI'ERSTEIN (_Count_), brother of Arnold Biederman, and
+president of the "Secret Tribunal." He sometimes appears as a
+"black priest of St. Paul's," and sometimes as the "monk of St.
+Victoire."--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ALBERTAZ'ZO married Alda, daughter of Otho, duke of Saxony. His
+sons were Ugo and Fulco. From this stem springs the Royal Family of
+England.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALBIA'ZAR, an Arab chief, who joins the Egyptian armament against the
+crusaders.
+
+A chief in rapine, not in knighthood bred. Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_, xvii. (1575).
+
+AL'BION. In legendary history this word is variously accounted for.
+One derivation is from Albion, a giant, son of Neptune, its first
+discoverer, who ruled over the island for forty-four years.
+
+Another derivation is Al'bia, eldest of the fifty daughters of
+Diocle'sian king of Syria. These fifty ladies all married on the same
+day, and all murdered their husbands on the wedding night. By way of
+punishment, they were cast adrift in a ship, unmanned, but the wind
+drove the vessel to our coast, where these Syrian damsels disembarked.
+Here they lived the rest of their lives, and married with the
+aborigines, "a lawless crew of devils." Milton mentions this legend,
+and naively adds, "it is too absurd and unconscionably gross to be
+believed." Its resemblance to the fifty daughters of Dan'aos is
+palpable.
+
+Drayton, in his _Polyolbion_, says that Albion came from Rome, was
+"the first martyr of the land," and dying for the faith's sake, left
+his name to the country, where Offa subsequently reared to him "a rich
+and sumptuous shrine, with a monastery attached."--Song xvi.
+
+_Albion_, king of Briton, when O'beron held his court in what is now
+called "Kensington Gardens." T. Tickell has a poem upon this subject.
+
+_Albion wars with Jove's Son_. Albion, son of Neptune, wars with
+Her'cules, son of Jove. Neptune, dissatisfied with the share of his
+father's kingdom, awarded to him by Jupiter, aspired to dethrone
+his brother, but Hercules took his father's part, and Albion was
+discomfited.
+
+  Since Albion wielded arms against the son of
+  Jove.
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+ALBO'RAK, the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the
+seventh heaven. It had the face of a man, the cheeks of a horse, the
+wings of an eagle, and spoke with a human voice.
+
+ALBUMA'ZAR, Arabian astronomer (776-885).
+
+  Chaunteclere, our cocke, must tell what is o'clocke,
+  By the astrologye that he hath naturally
+  Conceyued and caught; for he was never taught
+  By Albumazar, the astronomer,
+  Nor by Ptholomy, prince of astronomy.
+  J. Skelton, _Philip Sparoiv_ (time, Henry VIII.).
+
+Alcestis or Alcestes, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetus (_q. v_.)
+On his wedding-day Admetus neglected to offer sacrifice to Diana and
+was condemned to die, but Apollo induced the Fates to spare his life
+if he could find a voluntary substitute. His wife offered to give her
+life for his, and went away with death; but Hercules fought with Death
+and restored Alcestes to her husband. This story is the subject of a
+tragedy _Alcestes_, by Euripides. Milton alludes to the incident in
+one of his sonnets:
+
+  Methought I saw my late espoused saint
+  Brought to me like Alcestes from the grave.
+
+John Milton, Sonnet _On his deceased Wife_.
+
+William Morris has made Alcestes the subject of one of the tales in
+his _Earthly Paradise._
+
+A variation of the story is found in Longfellow's _The Golden Legend_,
+Henry of Hoheneck when dying was promised his life if a maiden could
+be found who would give up her life for his. Elsie, the daughter
+of Gottlieb, a tenant-farmer of the prince offered herself as a
+sacrifice, and followed her lord to Sorrento to give herself up to
+Lucifer; but Henry heard of it, and, moved by gratitude, saved Elsie
+and made her his wife.
+
+_Alceste_, the hero of Moliere's comedy _Le Misanthrope_. He has a
+pure and noble mind that has been soured and disgusted by intercourse
+with the world. Courtesy he holds to be the vice of fops, and the
+manners of society mere hypocrisy. He courts Celmene, a coquette and
+her treatment of his love confirms his bad opinion of mankind.
+
+AL'CHEMIST (_The_), the last of the three great comedies of Ben Jonson
+(1610). The other two are _Vol'pone_ (2 _syl_.), (1605), and _The
+Silent Woman_ (1609). The object of _The Alchemist_ is to ridicule
+the belief in the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life. The
+alchemist is "Subtle," a mere quack; and "sir Epicure Mammon" is
+the chief dupe, who supplies money, etc., for the "transmutation of
+metal." "Abel Drugger" a tobacconist, and "Dapper" a lawyer's
+clerk, are two other dupes. "Captain Face," _alias_ "Jeremy," the
+house-servant of "Lovewit," and "Dol Common" are his allies. The whole
+thing is blown up by the unexpected return of "Lovewit."
+
+ALCIB'ADES (5 _syl._), the Athenian general. Being banished by the
+senate, he marches against the city, and the senate, being unable to
+offer resistance, open the gates to him (B.C. 450-404). This incident
+is introduced by Shakespeare in _Timon of Athens_.
+
+ALCIBI'ADES' TABLES represented a god or goddess outwardly, and
+a Sile'nus, or deformed piper, within. Erasmus has a "curious
+dissertation on these tables" (_Adage_, 667, edit. R. Stephens); hence
+emblematic of falsehood and dissimulation.
+
+  Whose wants virtue is compared to these
+  False tables wrought by Alcibiades;
+  Which noted well of all were found t've bin
+  Most fair without, but most deformed within.
+
+Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, i. (1613).
+
+ALCI'DES, a name sometimes given to Hercules as the descendent of the
+hero Alcoeus through his son Amphitryon (_q. v._) The name is applied
+to any valiant hero.
+
+  The Tuscan poet [_Ariosto_] doth advance
+  The frantic paladin of France [_Orlando Furioso_];
+  And those more ancient do enhance
+  Alcides in his fury.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).
+
+  Where is the great Alcides of the field,
+  Valiant lord Talbot, earl of Shrewsbury?
+
+Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI_. act. iv. sc. 7 (1589).
+
+ALCI'NA, Carnal Pleasure personified. In Bojardo's _Orlando
+Innamorato_ she is a fairy, who carries off Astolfo. In Ariosto's
+_Orlando Furioso_ she is a kind of Circe, whose garden is a scene of
+enchantment. Alcina enjoys her lovers for a season, and then converts
+them into trees, stones, wild beasts, and so on, as her fancy
+dictates.
+
+AL'CIPHRON, or _The Minute Philosopher_, the title of a work by bishop
+Berkeley, so called from the name of the chief speaker, a freethinker.
+The object of this work is to expose the weakness of infidelity.
+
+_Al'ciphron_, "the epicurean," the hero of T. Moore's romance entitled
+_The Epicurean_.
+
+  Like Aleiphron, we swing in air and darkness,
+  and know not whither the wind blows us.
+
+--_Putnam's Magazine._
+
+ALCME'NA (in Moliere, _Alcmene_), the wife of Amphitryon, general
+of the Theban army. While her husband is absent warring against the
+Telebo'ans, Jupiter assumes the form of Amphitryon; but Amphitryon
+himself returns home the next day, and great confusion arises between
+the false and true Amphitryon, which is augmented by Mercury, who
+personates Sos'ia, the slave of Amphitryon. By this amour of Jupiter,
+Alcmena becomes the mother of Her'cules. Plautus, Moliere, and Dryden
+have all taken this plot for a comedy entitled _Amphitryon_.
+
+ALCOFRI'BAS, the name by which Rabelais was called, after he came out
+of the prince's mouth, where he resided for six months, taking toll of
+every morsel of food that the prince ate. Pantag'ruel gave "the merry
+fellow the lairdship of Salmigondin."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 32
+(1533).
+
+AL'COLOMB, "subduer of hearts," daughter of Abou Aibou of Damascus,
+and sister of Ganem. The caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, in a fit of
+jealousy, commanded Ganem to be put to death, and his mother and
+sister to do penance for three days in Damascus, and then to be
+banished from Syria. The two ladies came to Bag dad, and were taken in
+by the charitable syndic of the jewellers. When the jealous fit of the
+caliph was over he sent for the two exiles. Alcolomb he made his wife,
+and her mother he married to his vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ganem,
+the Slave of Love ").
+
+ALCY'ON "the wofullest man alive," but once "the jolly shepherd swain
+that wont full merrily to pipe and dance," near where the Severn
+flows. One day he saw a lion's cub, and brought it up till it followed
+him about like a dog; but a cruel satyr shot it in mere wantonness. By
+the lion's cub he means Daphne, who died in her prime, and the cruel
+satyr is death. He said he hated everything--the heaven, the earth,
+fire, air, and sea, the day, the night; he hated to speak, to hear, to
+taste food, to see objects, to smell, to feel; he hated man and woman
+too, for his Daphne lived no longer. What became of this doleful
+shepherd the poet could never ween. Alcyon is sir Arthur
+Gorges.--Spencer, _Daphnaida_ (in seven fyttes, 1590).
+
+  And there is that Alcyon bent to mourn,
+  Though fit to frame an everlasting ditty.
+  Whose gentle sprite for Daphne's death doth turn
+  Sweet lays of love to endless plaints of pity.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+ALCY'ONE or HALCYONE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Aeolus, who, on hearing
+of her husband's death by shipwreck, threw herself into the sea, and
+was changed to a kingfisher. (See HALCYON DAYS.)
+
+ALDABEL'LA, wife of Orlando, sister of Oliver, and daughter of
+Monodan'tes.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso, etc_. (1516).
+
+_Aldabella_, a marchioness of Florence, very beautiful and
+fascinating, but arrogant and heartless. She used to give
+entertainments to the magnates of Florence, and Fazio was one who
+spent most of his time in her society. Bian'ca his wife, being jealous
+of the marchioness, accused him to the duke of being privy to the
+death of Bartoldo, and for this offence Fazio was executed. Bianca
+died broken-hearted, and Aldabella was condemned to spend the rest of
+her life in a nunnery.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (a tragedy, 1815).
+
+ALDEN (_John_), one of the sons of the Pilgrim fathers, in love with
+Priscilla, the beautiful puritan. Miles Standish, a bluff old soldier,
+wishing to marry Priscilla, asked John Alden to go and plead for him;
+but the maiden answered archly, "Why don't you speak for yourself,
+John!" Soon after this, Standish being reported killed by a poisoned
+arrow, John spoke for himself, and the maiden consented. Standish,
+however, was not killed, but only wounded; he made his reappearance
+at the wedding, where, seeing how matters stood, he accepted the
+situation with the good-natured remark:
+
+  If you would be served you must serve yourself;
+  and moreover
+  No man can gather cherries in Kent at the season
+  of Christmas.
+
+Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_ (1858).
+
+ALDIBORONTEPHOSCOPHORNIO _[Al'diboron'te-fos'co-for'nio]_, a character
+in _Chrononhotonthologos_, by H. Carey.
+
+(Sir Walter Scott used to call James Ballantyne, the printer, this
+nickname, from his pomposity and formality of speech.)
+
+AL'DIGER, son of Buo'vo, of the house of Clarmont, brother of
+Malagi'gi and Vivian.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AL'DINE (2 _syl_.), leader of the second squadron of Arabs which
+joined the Egyptian armament against the crusaders. Tasso says of
+the Arabs, "Their accents were female and their stature diminutive"
+(xvii.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+AL'DINGAR _(Sir)_, steward of queen Eleanor, wife of Henry II. He
+impeached the queen's fidelity, and agreed to prove his charge
+by single combat; but an angel (in the shape of a little child)
+established the queen's innocence. This is probably a blundering
+version of the story of Gunhilda and the emperor Henry.--Percy,
+_Reliques_, ii. 9.
+
+ALDO, a Caledonian, was not invited by Fingal to his banquet on his
+return to Morven, after the overthrow of Swaran. To resent this
+affront, he went over to Fingal's avowed enemy, Erragon king of Sora
+(in Scandinavia), and here Lorma, the king's wife, fell in love
+with him. The guilty pair fled to Morven, which Erragon immediately
+invaded. Aldo fell in single combat with Erragon, Lorma died of grief,
+and Erragon was slain in battle by Graul, son of Morni.--_Ossian_
+("The Battle of Lora").
+
+ALDRICK the Jesuit, confessor of Charlotte countess of Derby.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ALDROVAND _(Father)_, chaplain of sir Raymond Berenger, the old Norman
+warrior.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+ALDUS, father of Al'adine (3 _syl_), the "lusty knight."--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, vi. 3 (1596).
+
+ALEA, a warrior who invented dice at the siege of Troy; at least so
+Isidore of Seville says. Suidas ascribes the invention to Palamedes.
+
+Alea est ludus tabulae inventa a Graecis, in otio Trojani belli, a
+quodam milite, nomine ALEA, a quo et ars nomen accepit.--Isidorus,
+_Orig_. xviii. 57.
+
+ALEC'TRYON, a youth set by Mars to guard against surprises, but he
+fell asleep, and Apollo thus surprised Mars and Venus in each others'
+embrace. Mars in anger changed the boy into a cock.
+
+  And from out the neighboring farmyard
+  Loud the cock Alectryon crowed.
+  Longfellow, _Pegasus in Pound_.
+
+ALEC YEATON, the Gloucester skipper in T. B. Aldrich's ballad, _Alec
+Yeaton's Son_.
+
+  The wind it wailed, the wind it moaned,
+  And the white caps flecked the sea;
+  "An' I would to God," the skipper groaned,
+  "I had not my boy with me!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Long did they marvel in the town
+  At God His strange decree;
+  That let the stalwart skipper drown,
+  And the little child go free. (1890.)
+
+ALE'RIA, one of the Amazons, and the best beloved of the ten wives of
+Guido the Savage.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALESSANDRO, husband of the Indian girl Ramona, in Helen Hunt Jackson's
+novel _Ramona_. The story of the young couple is a series of
+oppressions and deceits practised by U. S. officials (1884). ALESSIO,
+the young man with whom Lisa was living in concubinage, when Elvi'no
+promised to marry her. Elvino made the promise out of pique, because
+he thought Ami'na was not faithful to him, but when he discovered his
+error he returned to his first love, and left Lisa to marry Alessio,
+with whom she had been previously cohabiting.--Bellini's opera, _La
+Sonnamlula_ (1831).
+
+ALE'THES (3 _syl_.), an ambassador from Egypt to king Al'adine
+(3 _syl_.); subtle, false, deceitful, and full of wiles.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALEXANDER PATOFF, brother of the young Russian who figures most
+prominently in F. Marion Crawford's novel _Paul Patoff_. Alexander's
+mysterious disappearance in a mosque leads to suspicions involving
+his brother, even the mother of the two brothers accusing Paul of
+fratricide (1887).
+
+ALEX. WALTON, physician and suitor of Margaret Kent in _The Story of
+Margaret Kent_, by Henry Hayes (Ellen Olney Kirke) (1886).
+
+ALEXANDER THE GREAT, a tragedy by Nathaniel Lee (1678). In French we
+have a novel called _Roman d'Alexandre_, by Lambert-li-cors (twelfth
+century), and a tragedy by Racine (1665).
+
+_Alexander an Athlete_. Alexander, being asked if he would run a
+course at the Olympic games, replied, "Yes, if my competitors are all
+kings."
+
+_The Albanian Alexander_, George Castriot _(Scanderbeg_ or _Iscander
+beg_, 1404-1467).
+
+_The Persian Alexander_, Sandjar (1117-1158).
+
+_Alexander of the North_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682-1718).
+
+_Alexander deformed_.
+
+  Ammon's great son one shoulder had too high.
+
+Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 117.
+
+_Alexander and Homer_. When Alexander invaded Asia Minor, he offered
+up sacrifice to Priam, and then went to visit the tomb of Achilles.
+Here he exclaimed, "O most enviable of men, who had Homer to sing thy
+deeds!"
+
+Which made the Eastern conqueror to cry,
+
+  "O fortunate young man! whose virtue found
+  So brave a trump thy noble deeds to sound."
+
+Spenser, _The Ruins of Time_ (1591).
+
+_Alexander and Parme'nio._ When Darius, king of Persia, offered
+Alexander his daughter Stati'ra in marriage, with a dowry of 10,000
+talents of gold, Parmenio said, "I would accept the offer, if I
+were Alexander." To this Alexander rejoined, "So would I, if I were
+Parmenio."
+
+On another occasion the general thought the king somewhat too lavish
+in his gifts, whereupon Alexander made answer, "I consider not what
+Parmenio ought to receive, but what Alexander ought to give."
+
+_Alexander and Perdiccas_. When Alexander started for Asia he divided
+his possessions among his friends. Perdiccas asked what he had
+left for himself. "Hope," said Alexander. "If hope is enough for
+Alexander," replied the friend, "it is enough for Perdiccas also;" and
+declined to accept anything.
+
+_Alexander and Raphael_. Alexander encountered Raphael in a cave
+in the mountain of Kaf, and being asked what he was in search of,
+replied, "The water of immortality." Whereupon Raphael gave him a
+stone, and told him when he found another of the same weight he would
+gain his wish. "And how long," said Alexander, "have I to live?" The
+angel replied, "Till the heaven above thee and the earth beneath thee
+are of iron." Alexander now went forth and found a stone almost of the
+weight required, and in order to complete the balance, added a little
+earth; falling from his horse at Ghur he was laid in his armor on the
+ground, and his shield was set up over him to ward off the sun. Then
+understood he that he would gain immortality when, like the stone, he
+was buried in the earth, and that his hour was come, for the earth
+beneath him was iron, and his iron buckler was his vault of heaven
+above. So he died.
+
+_Alexander and the Robber_. When Dion'ides, a pirate, was brought
+before Alexander, he exclaimed, "Vile brigand! How dare you infest
+the seas with your misdeeds?" "And you," replied the pirate, "by what
+right do you ravage the world? Because I have only one ship, I
+am called a brigand, but you who have a whole fleet are termed a
+conqueror." Alexander admired the man's boldness, and commanded him to
+be set at liberty.
+
+_Alexander's Beard_, a smooth chin, or a very small beard. It is said
+that Alexander the Great had scarcely any beard at all.
+
+  Disgraced yet with Alexander's bearde.
+
+G. Gascoigne, _The Steele Glas_ (died 1577).
+
+_Alexander's Runner_, Ladas.
+
+ALEXAN'DRA, daughter of Oronthea, queen of the Am'azons, and one of
+the ten wives of Elba'nio. It is from this person that the land of the
+Amazons was called Alexandra.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ALEX'IS, the wanton shepherd in _The Faithful Shepherdess_, a pastoral
+drama by John Fletcher (1610).
+
+ALFA'DER, the father of all the Asen _(deities)_ of Scandinavia,
+creator and governor of the universe, patron of arts and magic, etc.
+
+ALFONSO, father of Leono'ra d'Este, and duke of Ferrara, Tasso the
+poet fell in love with Leonora. The duke confined him as a lunatic for
+seven years in the asylum of Santa Anna, but at the expiration of that
+period he was released through the intercession of Vincenzo Gonzago,
+duke of Mantua. Byron refers to this in his _Childe Harold_, iv. 36.
+
+_Alfonso XI_ of Castile, whose "favorite" was Leonora de
+Guzman.--Donizetti, _La Favorita_ (an opera, 1842).
+
+_Alfon'so (Don)_, of Seville, a man of fifty and husband of donna
+Julia (twenty-seven years his junior), of whom he was jealous without
+cause.--Byron, _Don Juan_, i.
+
+_Alfon'so_, in Walpole's tale called _The Castle of Otranto_, appears
+as an apparition in the moonlight, dilated to a gigantic form (1769).
+
+ALFRED AS A GLEEMAN. Alfred, wishing to know the strength of the
+Danish camp, assumed the disguise of a minstrel, and stayed in the
+Danish camp for several days, amusing the soldiers with his harping
+and singing. After he had made himself master of all he required,
+he returned back to his own place.--William of Malmesbury (twelfth
+century).
+
+William of Malmesbury tells a similar story of Anlaf, a Danish king,
+who, he says, just before the battle of Brunanburh, in Northumberland,
+entered the camp of king Athelstan as a gleeman, harp in hand; and so
+pleased was the English king that he gave him gold. Anlaf would not
+keep the gold, but buried it in the earth.
+
+ALGARSIFE (3 _syl_.), and Cam'ballo, sons of Cambuscan' king of
+Tartary, and Elfeta his wife. Algarsife married Theodora.
+
+  I speak of Algarsife,
+  How that he won Theodora to his wife.
+
+Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_ AL'GEBAR' ("_the giant_"). So the
+Arabians call the constellation Orion.
+
+  Begirt with many a blazing star,
+  Stood the great giant Algebar--
+  Orion, hunter of the beast.
+  Longfellow, _The Occultation of Orion_.
+
+AL'I, cousin and son-in-law of Mahomet. The beauty of his eyes is
+proverbial in Persia. _Ayn Hali_ ("eyes of Ali") is the highest
+compliment a Persian can pay to beauty.--Chardin.
+
+ALI BABA, a poor Persian wood-carrier, who accidentally learns the
+magic words, "Open Sesame!" "Shut Sesame!" by which he gains entrance
+into a vast cavern, the repository of stolen wealth and the lair of
+forty thieves. He makes himself rich by plundering from these stores;
+and by the shrewd cunning of Morgiana, his female slave, the captain
+and his whole band of thieves are extirpated. In reward of these
+services, Ali Baba gives Morgiana her freedom, and marries her to his
+own son.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba or the Forty Thieves").
+
+AL'ICE (2 _syl_.), sister of Valentine, in _Mons. Thomas_, a comedy by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
+
+_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), foster-sister of Robert le Diable, and bride of
+Rambaldo, the Norman troubadour, in Meyerbeer's opera of _Roberto
+il Diavolo_. She comes to Palermo to place in the duke's hand his
+mother's "will," which he is enjoined not to read till he is a
+virtuous man. She is Robert's good genius, and when Bertram, the
+fiend, claims his soul as the price of his ill deeds, Alice, by
+reading the will, reclaims him.
+
+_Al'ice_ (2 _syl_.), the servant-girl of dame Whitecraft, wife of the
+innkeeper at Altringham.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+_Al'ice_, the miller's daughter, a story of happy first love told in
+later years by an old man who had married the rustic beauty. He was a
+dreamy lad when he first loved Alice, and the passion roused him into
+manhood. (See ROSE.)--Tennyson, _The Miller's Daughter_.
+
+_Al'ice (The Lady_), widow of Walter, knight of Avenel (2 _syl_).--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Al'ice_ [GRAY], called "Old Alice Gray," a quondam tenant of the lord
+of Ravenswood. Lucy Ashton visits her after the funeral of the old
+lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Alice Munro_, one of the sisters taken captive by Indians in Cooper's
+_Last of the Mohicans_ (1821).
+
+ALICHI'NO. a devil in Dante's _Inferno_.
+
+ALICIA gave her heart to Mosby, but married Arden for his position. As
+a wife, she played falsely with her husband, and even joined Mosby in
+a plot to murder him. Vacillating between love for Mosby and
+respect for Arden, she repents, and goes on sinning; wishes to get
+disentangled, but is overmastered by Mosby's stronger will. Alicia's
+passions impel her to evil, but her judgment accuses her and prompts
+her to the right course. She halts, and parleys with sin, like Balaam,
+and of course is lost.--Anon., _Arden of Feversham_ (1592).
+
+_Alic'ia_, "a laughing, toying, wheedling, whimpering she," who once
+held lord Hastings under her distaff, but her annoying jealousy,
+"vexatious days, and jarring, joyless nights," drove him away from
+her. Being jealous of Jane Shore, she accused her to the duke of
+Gloster of alluring lord Hastings from his allegiance, and the lord
+protector soon trumped up a charge against both; the lord chamberlain
+he ordered to execution for treason, and Jane Shore he persecuted for
+witchcraft. Alicia goes raving mad.--Rowe, _Jane Shore_ (1713).
+
+_Alic'ia_ (_The lady_), daughter of lord Waldemar Fitzurse.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ALICK [POLWORTH], one of the servants of Waverley.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+ALIFAN'FARON, emperor of the island Trap'oban, a Mahometan, the suitor
+of Pentap'olin's daughter, a Christian. Pentapolin refused to sanction
+this alliance, and the emperor raised a vast army to enforce his
+suit. This is don Quixote's solution of two flocks of sheep coming
+in opposite directions, which he told Sancho were the armies of
+Alifanfaron and Pentapolin.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 4
+(1605).
+
+Ajax the Greater had a similar encounter. (See AJAX.)
+
+ALIN'DA, daughter of Alphonso, an irascible old lord of
+Sego'via.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Pilgrim_ (1621).
+
+(_Alinda_ is the name assumed by young Archas when he dresses in
+woman's attire. This young man is the son of general Archas, "the
+loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, in the drama by Beaumont
+and Fletcher, called _The Loyal Subject_, 1618.)
+
+ALIPRANDO, a Christian knight, who discovered the armor of Rinaldo,
+and took it to Godfrey. Both inferred that Rinaldo had been slain, but
+were mistaken.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+AL'IRIS, sultan of Lower Buchar'ia, who, under the assumed name of
+Fer'amorz, accompanies Lalla Rookh from Delhi, on her way to be
+married to the sultan. He wins her love, and amuses the tedium of the
+journey by telling her tales. When introduced to the sultan, her joy
+is unbounded on discovering that Feramorz the poet, who has won her
+heart, is the sultan to whom she is betrothed.--T. Moore, _Lalla
+Rookh_.
+
+ALISAUNDER (_Sir_), surnamed LORFELIN, son of the good prince Boudwine
+and his wife An'glides (3 _syl_.). Sir Mark, king of Cornwall,
+murdered sir Boudwine, who was his brother, while Alisaunder was a
+mere child. When Alisaunder was knighted, his mother gave him his
+father's doublet, "bebled with old blood," and charged him to revenge
+his father's death. Alisaunder married Alis la Beale Pilgrim, and
+had one son called Bellen'gerus le Beuse. Instead of fulfilling his
+mother's charge, he was himself "falsely and feloniously slain" by
+king Mark.--Sir T. Malory, _History of King Arthur_, ii. 119-125
+(1470).
+
+AL'ISON, the young wife of John, a rich old miserly carpenter.
+Absolon, a priggish parish clerk, paid her attention, but she herself
+loved a poor scholar named Nicholas, lodging in her husband's house.
+Fair she was, and her body lithe as a weasel. She had a rouguish eye,
+small eyebrows, was "long as a mast and upright as a bolt," more
+"pleasant to look on than a flowering pear tree," and her skin "was
+softer than the wool of a wether."--Chaucer, "The Miller's Tale,"
+_Canterbury Tales_, (1388).
+
+_Al'ison_, in sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_, is an old domestic in the
+service of the earl of Leicester at Cumnor Place.
+
+AL'KEN, an old shepherd, who instructs Robin Hood's men how to find a
+witch, and how she is to be hunted.--Ben Jonson, _The Sad Shepherd_
+(1637).
+
+ALL'S WELL THAT ENDS WELL, a comedy by Shakespeare (1598). The hero
+and heroine are Bertram of Rousillon, and Hel'ena a physician's
+daughter, who are married by the command of the king of France, but
+part because Bertram thought the lady not sufficiently well-born for
+him. Ultimately, however, all ends well.--(See HELENA.)
+
+The story of this play is from Painter's _Gilletta of Narbon_.
+
+ALL THE TALENTS Administration, formed by lord Grenville, in 1806, on
+the death of William Pitt. The members were lord Grenville, the earl
+Fitzwilliam, viscount Sidmouth, Charles James Fox, earl Spencer,
+William Windham, lord Erskine, sir Charles Grey, lord Minto, lord
+Auckland, lord Moira, Sheridan, Richard Fitzpatrick, and lord
+Ellenborough. It was dissolved in 1807.
+
+  On "all the talents" vent your venal spleen.
+
+Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_.
+
+ALLAN, lord of Ravenswood, a decayed Scotch nobleman.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Al'lan (Mrs.)_, colonel Mannering's housekeeper at Woodburne.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Al'lan_ [Breck Cameron], the sergeant sent to arrest Hamish Bean
+McTavish, by whom he is shot. Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_
+(time, George II.).
+
+ALLAN-A-DALE, one of Robin Hood's men, introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Ivanhoe_. (See ALLIN-A-DALE.)
+
+ALLAN QUARTERMAIN, hunter and traveller whose adventures are recorded
+in _She, King Solomon's Mines_, and _Allan Quartermain_, by W. Rider
+Haggard (1886-1891).
+
+ALLE'GRE (3 _syl_.), the faithful servant of Philip Chabot. When
+Chabot was accused of treason, Allegre was put to the rack to make him
+confess something to his master's damage, but the brave fellow was
+true as steel, and it was afterwards shown that the accusation had no
+foundation but jealousy.--G. Chapman and J. Shirley, _The Tragedy of
+Philip Chabot_.
+
+ALLEN (_Ralph_), the friend of Pope, and benefactor of Fielding.
+
+  Let humble Allen, with an awkward shame,
+  Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame.
+
+Pope.
+
+_Allen (Long)_, a soldier in the "guards" of king Richard I.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_.
+
+_Allen (Major)_, an officer in the duke of Monmouth's army.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ALL-FAIR, a princess, who was saved from the two lions (which guarded
+the Desert Fairy) by the Yellow Dwarf, on condition that she would
+become his wife. On her return home she hoped to evade this promise
+by marrying the brave king of the Gold Mines, but on the wedding day
+Yellow Dwarf carried her off on a Spanish cat, and confined her in
+Steel Castle. Here Gold Mine came to her rescue with a magic sword,
+but in his joy at finding her, he dropped his sword, and was stabbed
+to the heart with it by Yellow Dwarf. All-Fair, falling on the body of
+her lover, died of a broken heart. The syren changed the dead lovers
+into two palm trees.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow
+Dwarf," 1682). ALLIN-A-DALE or ALLEN-A-DALE, of Nottinghamshire,
+was to be married to a lady who returned his love, but her parents
+compelled her to forego young Allin for an old knight of wealth. Allin
+told his tale to Robin Hood, and the bold forester, in the disguise of
+a harper, went to the church where the wedding ceremony was to take
+place. When the wedding party stepped in, Robin Hood exclaimed, "This
+is no fit match; the bride shall be married only to the man of her
+choice." Then, sounding his horn, Allin-a-Dale with four and twenty
+bowmen entered the church. The bishop refused to marry the woman to
+Allin till the banns had been asked three times, whereupon Robin
+pulled off the bishop's gown, and invested Little John in it, who
+asked the banns seven times, and performed the ceremony.--_Robin Hood
+and Allin-a-Dale_ (a ballad).
+
+ALL'IT. Captain of Nebuchadrezzar's guards in _The Master of the
+Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. He is
+flattered and content to be the queen's favorite until he meets
+Lalitha, a Jewish damsel. He braves death to save her from runaway
+horses attached to a chariot, is captivated by her beauty, and forgets
+his royal mistress in an honorable love (1890).
+
+ALLNUT (_Noll_), landlord of the Swan, Lambythe Ferry (1625).
+
+_Grace Allnut_, his wife.
+
+_Oliver Allnut_, the landlord's son.--Sterling, _John Felton_ (1852).
+
+ALLWORTH (_Lady_), stepmother to Tom Allworth. Sir Giles Overreach
+thought she would marry his nephew Wellborn, but she married lord
+Lovel.
+
+_Tom Allworth_, stepson of lady Allworth, in love with Margaret
+Overreach, whom he marries.--Massinger, _A New Way to pay Old Debts_
+(1625).
+
+ALL'WORTHY, in Fielding's _Tom Jones_, a man of sturdy rectitude,
+large charity, infinite modesty, independent spirit, and untiring
+philanthropy, with an utter disregard of money or fame. Fielding's
+friend, Ralph Allen, was the academy figure of this character.
+
+ALMA (_the human soul_) queen of a Castle, which for seven years was
+beset by a rabble rout. Arthur and sir Guyon were conducted by Alma
+over this castle, which though not named is intended to represent the
+human body.--Spenser, _The Faerie Queene_, ii. 9 (1590).
+
+ALMANSOR ("_the invincible_"), a title assumed by several Mussulman
+princes, as by the second caliph of the Abbasside dynasty, named Abou
+Giafar Abdallah (_the invincible_, or _al mansor_). Also by the
+famous captain of the Moors in Spain, named Mohammed. In Africa,
+Yacoubal-Modjahed was entitled "_al mansor_," a royal name of dignity
+given to the kings of Fez, Morocco, and Algiers.
+
+  The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez, and Sus,
+  Marocco and Algiers.
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 403 (1665).
+
+ALMANZOR, the caliph, wishing to found a city in a certain spot, was
+told by a hermit named Bag dad that a man called Moclas was destined
+to be its founder. "I am that man," said the caliph, and he then told
+the hermit how in his boyhood he once stole a bracelet and pawned it,
+whereupon his nurse ever after called him "Moclas" (_thief_).
+Almanzor founded the city, and called it Bag dad, the name of the
+hermit.--Marigny.
+
+_Alman'zor_, in Dryden's tragedy of _The Conquest of Grana'da_.
+
+_Alman'zor_, lackey of Madelon and her cousin Cathos, the affected
+fine ladies in Moliere's comedy of _Les Precieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+ALMAVI'VA, (_Count_), in _The Marriage of Figaro_ and _The Barber
+of Seville_ by Beaumarchais. _The Follies of a Day_ by T. Holcroft
+(1745-1809) is borrowed from Beaumarchais.
+
+ALME'RIA, daughter of Manuel king of Grana'da. While captive of
+Valentia, prince Alphonso fell in love with her, and being compelled
+to fight, married her; but on the very day of espousal the ship in
+which they were sailing was wrecked, and each thought the other had
+perished. Both, however, were saved, and met unexpectedly on the coast
+of Granada, to which Alphonso was brought as a captive. Here Alphonso,
+under the assumed name of Osmyn, was imprisoned, but made his escape,
+and at the head of an army invaded Granada, found Manuel dead, and
+"the mournful bride" became converted into the joyful wife.--W.
+Congreve, _The Mourning Bride_ (1697).
+
+ALMES'BURY (3 _syl_.). It was in a sanctuary of Almesbury that queen
+Guenever took refuge, after her adulterous passion for sir Lancelot
+was made known to the king. Here she died, but her body was buried at
+Glastonbury.
+
+ALMEY'DA, the Portuguese governor of India. In his engagement with
+the united fleets of Cambaya and Egypt, he had his legs and thighs
+shattered by chain-shot, but instead of retreating to the back, he had
+himself bound to the shipmast, where he "waved his sword to cheer on
+the combatants," till he died from loss of blood.
+
+Similar stories are told of admiral Benbow, Cynaegeros brother of the
+poet AEschylos, Jaafer who carried the sacred banner of "the prophet"
+in the battle of Muta, and of some others.
+
+  Whirled by the cannons' rage, in shivers torn,
+  His thighs far scattered o'er the waves are borne;
+  Bound to the mast the godlike hero stands,
+  Waves his proud sword and cheers his woeful hands:
+  Tho' winds and seas their wonted aid deny,
+  To yield he knows not; but he knows to die.
+  Camoens, _Lusiad_, x. (1569).
+
+ALMIRODS (_The_), a rebellions people, who refused to submit to prince
+Pantag'ruel after his subjugation of Anarchus king of the Dipsodes (2
+_syl_). It was while Pantagruel was marching against these rebels that
+a tremendous shower of rain fell, and the prince, putting out his
+tongue "halfway," sheltered his whole army.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_,
+ii. 32 (1533).
+
+ALNAS'CHAR, the dreamer, the "barber's fifth brother." He invested all
+his money in a basket of glassware, on which he was to gain so much,
+and then to invest again and again, till he grew so rich that he would
+marry the vizier's daughter and live in grandeur; but being angry with
+his supposed wife, he gave a kick with his foot and smashed all the
+ware which had given birth to his dream of wealth.--_The Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments_.
+
+_The Alnaschar of Modern Literature_, S.T. Coleridge, so called
+because he was constantly planning magnificent literary enterprises
+which he never carried out (1772-1834).
+
+ALOA'DIN (4 _syl_.), a sorcerer, who made for himself a palace and
+garden in Arabia called "The Earthly Paradise." Thalaba slew him with
+a club, and the scene of enchantment disappeared.--Southey, _Thalaba
+the Destroyer_, vii. (1797).
+
+ALON'SO, king of Naples, father of Ferdinand and brother of Sebastian,
+in _The Tempest_, by Shakespeare (1609).
+
+ALONZO _the brave_, the name of a ballad by M.G. Lewis. The fair
+Imogene was betrothed to Alonzo, but during his absence in the wars
+became the bride of another. At the wedding-feast Alonzo's ghost sat
+beside the bride, and, after rebuking her for her infidelity, carried
+her off to the grave.
+
+  Alonzo the brave was the name of the knight;
+  The maid was the fair Imogene.
+  M.G. Lewis.
+
+_Alon'zo_, a Portuguese gentleman, the sworn enemy of the vainglorious
+Duarte (3 _syl_.), in the drama called _The Custom of the Country_, by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1647).
+
+_Alonzo_, the husband of Cora. He is a brave Peruvian knight, the
+friend of Rolla, and beloved by king Atali'ba. Alonzo, being taken
+prisoner of war, is set at liberty by Rolla, who changes clothes with
+him. At the end he fights with Pizarro and kills him.--Sheridan,
+_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue).
+
+_Alonzo (Don)_, "the conqueror of Afric," friend of don Carlos, and
+husband of Leonora. Don Carlos had been betrothed to Leonora, but out
+of friendship resigned her to the conqueror. Zanga, the Moor, out
+of revenge, persuaded Alonzo that his wife and don Carlos still
+entertained for each other their former love, and out of jealousy
+Alonzo has his friend put to death, while Leonora makes away with
+herself. Zanga now informs Alonzo that his jealousy was groundless,
+and mad with grief he kills himself.--Edw. Young, _The Revenge_
+(1721).
+
+ALONZO FERNANDEZ DE AVELLANEDA, author of a spurious _Don Quixote_,
+who makes a third sally. This was published during the lifetime of
+Cervantes, and caused him great annoyance.
+
+ALP, a Venetian renegade, who was commander of the Turkish army in
+the siege of Corinth. He loved Francesca, daughter of old Minotti,
+governor of Corinth, but she refused to marry a renegade and
+apostate. Alp was shot in the siege, and Francesca died of a broken
+heart.--Byron, _Siege of Corinth_.
+
+ALPHE'US (3 _syl_.), a magician and prophet in the army of
+Charlemagne, slain in sleep by Clorida'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_
+(1516).
+
+_Alphe'us_ (3 _syl_.), of classic story, being passionately in love
+with Arethu'sa, pursued her, but she fled from him in a fright, and
+was changed by Diana into a fountain, which bears her name.
+
+ALPHON'SO, an irascible old lord in _The Pilgrim_, a comedy by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1621).
+
+_Alphon'so_, king of Naples, deposed by his brother Frederick. Sora'no
+tried to poison him, but did not succeed. Ultimately he recovered his
+crown, and Frederick and Sorano were sent to a monastery for the rest
+of their lives.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).
+
+_Alphonso_, son of count Pedro of Cantabria, afterwards king of Spain.
+He was plighted to Hermesind, daughter of lord Pelayo.
+
+  The young Alphonso was in truth an heir
+  Of nature's largest patrimony; rich
+  In form and feature, growing strength of limb,
+  A gentle heart, a soul affectionate,
+  A joyous spirit, filled with generous thoughts,
+  And genius heightening and ennobling all.
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc._, viii. (1814).
+
+ALQUI'FE (3 _syl_.), a famous enchanter in _Amadis of Gaul_, by Vasco
+de Lobeira, of Oporto, who died 1403.
+
+La Noue denounces such beneficent enchanters as Alquife and Urganda,
+because they serve "as a vindication of those who traffic with the
+powers of darkness."--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87 (1587).
+
+ALRINACH, the demon who causes shipwrecks, and presides over storms
+and earthquakes. When visible it is always in the form and dress of a
+woman.--_Eastern Mythology_.
+
+ALSCRIP (_Miss_), "the heiress," a vulgar _parvenue_, affected,
+conceited, ill-natured, and ignorant. Having had a fortune left her,
+she assumes the airs of a woman of fashion, and exhibits the follies
+without possessing the merits of the upper ten.
+
+_Mr. Alscrip_, the vulgar father of "the heiress," who finds the
+grandeur of sudden wealth a great bore, and in his new mansion,
+Berkeley Square, sighs for the snug comforts he once enjoyed as
+scrivener in Furnival's Inn.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).
+
+AL'TAMONT, a young Genoese lord, who marries Calista, daughter of lord
+Sciol'to (3 _syl_). On his wedding day he discovers that his bride has
+been seduced by Lotha'rio, and a duel ensues, in which Lothario is
+killed, whereupon Calista stabs herself.--N. Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_
+(1703). (Rowe makes Sciolto three syllables always.)
+
+ALTAMO'RUS, king of Samarcand', who joined the Egyptian armament
+against the crusaders. He surrendered himself to Godfrey (bk.
+xx.).--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ALTASCAR (_Senor_). A courtly old Spaniard in Bret Harte's Notes by
+_Flood and Field_. He is dispossessed of his corral in the Sacramento
+Valley by a party of government surveyors, who have come to correct
+boundaries (1878).
+
+ALTEMERA. Typical far-southern girl, with a lovely face, creamy skin,
+and a "lazy sweet voice," who takes the leading part in Annie Eliot's
+_An Hour's Promise_ (1888).
+
+ALTHAEA'S BRAND. The Fates told Althaea that her son Melea'ger
+would live just as long as a log of wood then on the fire remained
+unconsumed. Althaea contrived to keep the log unconsumed for many
+years, but when her son killed her two brothers, she threw it angrily
+into the fire, where it was quickly consumed, and Meleager expired at
+the same time.--Ovid, _Metaph_. viii. 4.
+
+  The fatal brand Althaea burned.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act i. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+ALTHE'A (_The divine_), of Richard Lovelace, was Lucy Saeheverell,
+also called by the poet, _Lucasta_.
+
+  When love with unconfined wings
+  Hovers within my gates,
+  And my divine Althea brings
+  To whisper at my grates.
+
+(The "grates" here referred to were those of a prison in which
+Lovelace was confined by the Long Parliament, for his petition from
+Kent in favor of the king.)
+
+ALTHEETAR, one of the seven bridegrooms of Lopluel, condemned to die
+successively, by a malignant spirit. He is young, beautiful, and
+endowed with rare gifts of soul and mind. While singing to her, his
+lyre falls from his hand and he dies in her arms, her loosened hair
+falling about him as a shroud.
+
+  "So calm, so fair,
+  He rested on the purple, tapestried floor,
+  It seemed an angel lay reposing there."
+
+_Lopluel, or the Bride of Seven_, by Maria del Occidente (Maria Gowen
+Brooks) (1833).
+
+ALTISIDO'RA, one of the duchess's servants, who pretends to be in love
+with don Quixote, and serenades him. The don sings his response that
+he has no other love than what he gives to his Dulcin'ea, and while he
+is still singing he is assailed by a string of cats, let into the room
+by a rope. As the knight is leaving the mansion, Altisidora accuses
+him of having stolen her garters, but when the knight denies the
+charge, the damsel protests that she said so in her distraction, for
+her garters were not stolen. "I am like the man looking for his mule
+at the time he was astride its back."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II.
+iii. 9, etc.; iv. 5 (1615).
+
+AL'TON (_Miss_), _alias_ Miss CLIFFORD, a sweet, modest young lady,
+the companion of Miss Alscrip, "the heiress," a vulgar, conceited
+_parvenue_. Lord Gayville is expected to marry "the heiress," but
+detests her, and loves Miss Alton, her humble companion. It turns out
+that L2000 a year of "the heiress's" fortune belongs to Mr. Clifford
+(Miss Alton's brother), and is by him settled on his sister. Sir
+Clement Flint destroys this bond, whereby the money returns to
+Clifford, who marries lady Emily Gayville, and sir Clement settles the
+same on his nephew, lord Gayville, who marries Miss Alton.--General
+Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).
+
+AL'TON LOCKE, tailor and poet, a novel by the Rev. Charles Kingsley
+(1850). This novel won for the author the title of "The Chartist
+Clergyman."
+
+ALVIRA ROBERTS, hired "girl" and faithful retainer of the Fairchild
+family. For many years she and Milton Squires, the hired man, have
+"kept company." In his prosperity he deserts her. When he is convicted
+of murder, she kisses him. "Ef 'twas the last thing I ever done in
+my life, I'd dew it. We was--engaged--once't on a time!"--_Seth's
+Brother's Wife_, by Harold Frederic (1886).
+
+ALZIR'DO, king of Trem'izen, in Africa, overthrown by Orlando in
+his march to join the allied army of Ag'ramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AM'ADIS OF GAUL, a love-child of king Per'ion and the princess
+Elize'na. He is the hero of a famous prose romance of chivalry, the
+first four books of which are attributed to Lobeira, of Portugal (died
+1403). These books were translated into Spanish in 1460 by Montal'vo,
+who added the fifth book. The five were rendered into French by
+Herberay, who increased the series to twenty-four books. Lastly,
+Gilbert Saunier added seven more volumes, and called the entire series
+_Le Roman des Romans_.
+
+Whether Amadis was French or British is disputed. Some maintain
+that "Gaul" means _Wales_, not France; that Elizena was princess of
+_Brittany_ (Bretagne), and that Perion was king of Gaul (_Wales_), not
+Gaul _(France)._
+
+  Amadis de Gaul was a tall man, of a fair complexion,
+  his aspect something between mild and
+  austere, and had a handsome black beard. He
+  was a person of very few words, was not easily
+  provoked, and was soon appeased.--Cervantes,
+  _Don Quixote_, II. i. 1 (1615).
+
+As Arthur is the central figure of British romance, Charlemagne of
+French, and Diderick of German, so Amadis is the central figure of
+Spanish and Portuguese romance; but there is this difference--the tale
+of Amadis is a connected whole, terminating with his marriage with
+Oria'na, the intervening parts being only the obstacles he encountered
+and overcame in obtaining this consummation. In the Arthurian
+romances, and those of the Charlemagne series, we have a number of
+adventures of different heroes, but there is no unity of purpose; each
+set of adventures is complete in itself.
+
+AMA'DIS OF GREECE, a supplemental part of _Amadis of Gaul_, by
+Felicia'no de Silva. There are also several other Amadises--as Amadis
+of Colchis, Amadis of Trebisond, Amadis of Cathay, but all these are
+very inferior to the original _Amadis of Gaul_.
+
+
+The ancient fables, whose relickes doe yet remain, namely, _Lancelot
+of the Lake, Pierceforest, Tristram, Giron the Courteous_, etc., doe
+beare witnesse of this odde vanitie. Herewith were men fed for the
+space of 500 yeeres, untill our language growing more polished, and
+our minds more ticklish, they were driven to invent some novelties
+wherewith to delight us. Thus came ye bookes of Amadis into light
+among us in this last age.--Francis de la Noue, _Discourses_, 87
+(1587).
+
+
+AMAI'MON (3 _syl_.), one of the principal devils. Asmode'us is one of
+his lieutenants. Shakespeare twice refers to him, in 1 _Henry IV._ act
+ii. sc. 4, and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+AMAL'AHTA, son of Erill'yab the deposed queen of the Hoamen (2
+_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on the south of the Missouri. He is
+described as a brutal savage, wily, deceitful, and cruel. Amalahta
+wished to marry the princess Goer'vyl, Madoc's sister, and even seized
+her by force, but was killed in his flight.--Southey, _Madoc_, ii. 16
+(1805).
+
+AMALTHAE'A, the sibyl who offered to sell to Tarquin nine books
+of prophetic oracles. When the king refused to give her the price
+demanded, she went away, burnt three of them, and returning to the
+king, demanded the same price for the remaining six. Again the king
+declined the purchase. The sibyl, after burning three more of the
+volumes, demanded the original sum for the remaining three. Tarquin
+paid the money, and Amalthaea was never more seen. Aulus Gellius says
+that Amalthaea burnt the books in the king's presence. Pliny affirms
+that the original number of volumes was only three, two of which the
+sibyl burnt, and the third was purchased by king Tarquin.
+
+AMALTHE'A, a mistress of Ammon and mother of Bacchus. Ammon hid
+his mistress in the island Nysa (in Africa), in order to elude the
+vigilance and jealousy of his wife Rhea. This account (given by
+Diodorus Sic'ulus, bk. iii., and by sir Walter Raleigh in his _History
+of the World_, I. vi. 5) differs from the ordinary story, which makes
+Sem'ele the mother of Bacchus, and Rhea his nurse. (Ammon is Ham or
+Cham, the son of Noah, founder of the African race.)
+
+  ... that Nyseian ile,
+  Girt with the river Triton, where old Cham
+  (Whom Gentiles Ammon call, and Libyan Jove)
+  Hid Amalthea and her florid son,
+  Young Bacchus, from his stepdame Rhea's eye.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 275 (1665).
+
+AMANDA, wife of Loveless. Lord Foppington pays her amorous attentions,
+but she utterly despises the conceited coxcomb, and treats him with
+contumely. Colonel Townly, in order to pique his lady-love, also
+pays attention to Loveless's wife, but she repels his advances with
+indignation, and Loveless, who overhears her, conscious of his own
+shortcomings, resolves to reform his ways, and, "forsaking all
+other," to remain true to Amanda, "so long as they both should
+live."--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_.
+
+_Aman'da_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, is meant for Miss Young, who
+married admiral Campbell.
+
+  And thou, Amanda, come, pride of my song!
+  Formed by the Graces, loveliness itself.
+
+"Spring," 480, 481 (1728).
+
+_Amanda_, the victim of Peregrine Pickle's seduction, in Smollett's
+novel of _Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Amanda_, worldly woman in Julia Ward Howe's poem, _Amanda's
+Inventory_, who sums up her wealth and honors, and is forced to
+conclude the list with death (1866).
+
+AMARAN'TA, wife of Bar'tolus, the covetous lawyer. She was wantonly
+loved by Leandro, a Spanish gentleman.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+AM'ARANTH (_Lady_), in _Wild Oats_, by John O'Keefe, a famous part of
+Mrs. Pope (1740-1797).
+
+AMARIL'LIS, a shepherdess in love with Per'igot (_t_ sounded), but
+Perigot loved Am'oret. In order to break off this affection, Amarillis
+induced "the sullen shepherd" to dip her in "the magic well," whereby
+she became transformed into the perfect resemblance of her rival, and
+soon effectually disgusted Perigot with her bold and wanton conduct.
+When afterwards he met the true Amoret, he repulsed her, and even
+wounded her with intent to kill. Ultimately, the trick was discovered
+by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and Perigot was married to his
+true love.--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherd_ (1610).
+
+AMARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, was
+the countess of Derby. Her name was Alice, and she was the youngest of
+the six daughters of sir John Spenser, of Althorpe, ancestor of the
+noble houses of Spenser and Marlborough. After the death of the
+earl, the widow married sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the Great Seal
+(afterwards baron of Ellesmere and viscount Brackley). It was for this
+very lady, during her widowhood, that Milton wrote his _Ar'cades_ (3
+_syl_.).
+
+  No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,
+  The honour of the noble family
+  Of which I meanest boast myself to be ...
+  Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:
+  Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,
+  The next to her is bountiful Charyllis,
+  But th' youngest is the highest in degree.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594).
+
+AM'ASISI, _Amosis_, or _Aah'mes_ (3 _syl_.), founder of the eighteenth
+Egyptian dynasty (B.C. 1610). Lord Brooke attributes to him one of the
+pyramids. The three chief pyramids are usually ascribed to Suphis (or
+Cheops), Sen-Suphis (or Cephrenes), and Mencheres, all of the fourth
+dynasty.
+
+  Amasis and Cheops how can time forgive.
+  Who in their useless pyramids would live?
+
+Lord Brooke, _Peace_.
+
+AMATEUR (_An_), Pierce Egan the younger published under this pseudonym
+his _Real Life in London_, or _The Rambles and Adventures of Rob
+Tally-ho, Esq., and his Cousin, the Hon. Tom Dashall, through the
+Metropolis_ (1821-2).
+
+AMAUROTS (_The_), a people whose kingdom was invaded by the Dipsodes
+(2 _syl_.), but Pantag'ruel, coming to their defence, utterly routed
+the invaders.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+AMA'VIA, the personification of Intemperance in grief. Hearing that
+her husband, sir Mordant, had been enticed to the Bower of Bliss by
+the enchantress Acra'sia, she went in quest of him, and found him so
+changed in mind and body she could scarcely recognize him; however,
+she managed by tact to bring him away, but he died on the road, and
+Amavia stabbed herself from excessive grief.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_,
+ii. 1 (1590).
+
+AMAZO'NA, a fairy, who freed a certain country from the Ogri and the
+Blue Centaur. When she sounded her trumpet, the sick were recovered
+and became both young and strong. She gave the princess Carpil'lona a
+bunch of gilly-flowers, which enabled her to pass unrecognized before
+those who knew her well.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The
+Princess Carpillona," 1682).
+
+AMAZONS, a fabled race of women-warriors. It was said that in order to
+use the bow, they cut off one of their breasts.
+
+AMBER, said to be a concretion of birds' tears, but the birds were the
+sisters of Melea'ger, called Meleag'rides, who never ceased weeping
+for their dead brother.--Pliny, _Natural History_, xxxvii. 2, 11.
+
+  Around thee shall glisten the loveliest amber.
+  That ever the sorrowing sea-birds have wept.
+
+T. Moore, _Fire-Worshippers_.
+
+AM'BROSE (2 _syl_.), a sharper, who assumed in the presence of Gil
+Blas the character of a devotee. He was in league with a fellow who
+assumed the name of don Raphael, and a young woman who called herself
+Camilla, cousin of donna Mencia. These three sharpers allure Gil Blas
+to a house which Camilla says is hers, fleece him of his ring, his
+portmanteau, and his money, decamp, and leave him to find out that the
+house is only a hired lodging.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 15, 16 (1715).
+
+(This incident is borrowed from Espinel's romance entitled _Vida de
+Escudero, marcos de Obregon_, 1618.)
+
+_Am'brose_ (2 _syl_.), a male domestic servant waiting on Miss
+Seraphine and Miss Angelica Arthuret.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George II.).
+
+_Ambrose (Brother)_, a monk who attended the prior Aymer, of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Am'brosius (Father)_, abbot of Kennaquhair, is Edward Glendinning,
+brother of sir Halbert Glendinning (the knight of Avenel). He appears
+at Kinross, disguised as a nobleman's retainer.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AME'LIA, heroine of novel of same name. Young daughter of a German
+inn-keeper, who rises to a high position in society, through native
+merit, graces of mind and person.--Eliza Leslie (1843).
+
+_Ame'lia_, a model of conjugal affection, in Fielding's novel so
+called. It is said that the character was modelled from his own
+wife. Dr. Johnson read this novel from beginning to end without once
+stopping.
+
+
+_Amelia_ is perhaps the only book of which, being printed off betimes
+one morning, a new edition was called for before night. The character
+of Amelia is the most pleasing heroine of all the romances.--Dr.
+Johnson.
+
+
+_Ame'lia_, in Thomson's _Seasons_, a beautiful, innocent young woman,
+overtaken by a storm while walking with her troth-plight lover,
+Cel'adon, "with equal virtue formed, and equal grace. Hers the mild
+lustre of the blooming morn, and his the radiance of the risen day."
+Amelia grew frightened, but Celadon said, "'Tis safety to be near
+thee, sure;" when a flash of lightning struck her dead in his
+arms.--"Summer" (1727).
+
+_Amelia_, in Schiller's tragedy of _The Robbers_.
+
+  Or they will learn how generous worth sublimes
+  The robber Moor, and pleads for all his crimes;
+  How poor Amelia kissed with many a tear
+  His hand, blood-stained, but ever, ever dear.
+
+Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Amelia Bailey_, ambitious woman with "literary tastes," who in
+pursuit of a suitable sphere, marries a rich Californian, and "shines
+with the diamonds her husband has bought, and makes a noise, but it is
+the blare of vulgar ostentation,"--William Henry Rideing, _A Little
+Upstart_ (1885).
+
+AMELOT (2 _syl_.), the page of sir Damian de Lacy.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+AM'GIAD, son of Camaralzaman and Badoura, and half-brother of Assad
+(son of Camaralzaman and Haiatal'nefous). Each of the two mothers
+conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the young
+princes revolted at their advances, accused them to their father of
+designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman ordered his emir Giondar to put
+them both to death, but as the young men had saved him from a lion he
+laid no hand on them, but told them not to return to their father's
+dominions. They wandered on for a time, and then parted, but both
+reached the same place, which was a city of the Magi. Here, by a
+strange adventure Amgiad was made vizier, while Assad was thrown into
+a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god.
+Bosta'na, a daughter of the old man who imprisoned Assad, released
+him, and Amgiad out of gratitude made her his wife. After which, the
+king, who was greatly advanced in years, appointed him his successor,
+and Amgiad used his best efforts to abolish the worship of fire and
+establish "the true faith."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+AM'YAS, a squire of low degree, beloved by Aemylia. They agreed
+to meet at a given spot, but on their way thither both were taken
+captives--Amyas by Corflambo, and Aemylia by a man monster. Aemylia
+was released by Belphoebe (3 _syl_.), who slew "the caitiff;" and
+Amyas by prince Arthur, who slew Corflambo. The two lovers were then
+brought together by the prince "in peace and joyous blis."--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, iv. 7, 9 (1596).
+
+AMI'DAS, the younger brother of Brac'idas, sons of Mile'sio; the
+former in love with the dowerless Lucy, and the latter with the
+wealthy Philtra. The two brothers had each an island of equal size and
+value left them by their father, but the sea daily added to the island
+of the younger brother, and encroached on that belonging to Bracidas.
+When Philtra saw that the property of Amidas was daily increasing,
+she forsook the elder brother and married the wealthier; while Lucy,
+seeing herself jilted, threw herself into the sea. A floating chest
+attracted her attention, she clung to it, and was drifted to the
+wasted island. It was found to contain great riches, and Lucy gave its
+contents and herself to Bracidas. Amidas claimed the chest as his own
+by right, and the question in dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal.
+The wise arbiter decided, that whereas Armidas claimed as his own all
+the additions given to his island by the sea, Lucy might claim as her
+own the chest, because the sea had given it to her.--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, v. 4 (1596).
+
+AM'IEL, in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for sir Edward
+Seymour, Speaker of the House of Commons.
+
+  Who can Amiel's praise refuse?
+  Of ancient race by birth, but nobler yet
+  In his own worth, and without title great.
+  The sanhedrim long time as chief he ruled,
+  Their reason guided, and their passion cooled.
+
+Part i.
+
+A'MIN (_Prince_), son of the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid; he married
+Am'ine, sister of Zobeide (3 _syl_.), the caliph's wife.--_Arabian
+Nights' Entertainments_ ("The History of Amine").
+
+_Am'ina_, an orphan, who walked in her sleep. She was betrothed to
+Elvi'no, a rich farmer, but being found the night before the wedding
+in the chamber of count Rodolpho, Elvino rightly refused to marry her.
+The count remonstrated with the young farmer, and while they were
+talking, the orphan was seen to get out of a window and walk along
+the narrow edge of a mill-roof while the great wheel was rapidly
+revolving; she then crossed a crazy old bridge, and came into the same
+chamber. Here she awoke, and, seeing Elvino, threw her arms around
+him so lovingly, that all his doubts vanished, and he married
+her.--Bellini, _La Sonnambula_ (an opera, 1831).
+
+AM'INE (3 _syl_.), half-sister of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.), and wife of
+Amin, the caliph's son. One day she went to purchase a robe, and the
+seller told her he would charge nothing if she would suffer him to
+kiss her cheek. Instead of kissing he bit it, and Amine, being asked
+by her husband how she came by the wound, so shuffled in her answers
+that he commanded her to be put to death, a sentence he afterwards
+commuted to scourging. One day she and her sister told the stories
+of their lives to the caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, when Amin
+became reconciled to his wife, and the caliph married her
+half-sister.--_Arabian Nights'Entertainments_ ("History of Zobeide and
+History of Amine").
+
+AM'INE (3 _syl_.) or AM'INES (3 _syl_.), the beautiful wife of Sidi
+Nouman. Instead of eating her rice with a spoon, she used a bodkin for
+the purpose, and carried it to her mouth in infinitesimal portions.
+This went on for some time, till Sidi Nouman determined to ascertain
+on what his wife really fed, and to his horror discovered that she was
+a ghoul, who went stealthily by night to the cemetery, and feasted on
+the freshly-buried dead.--_Arabian Nights_ ("History of Sidi Nouman").
+
+  One of the Amines' sort, who pick up their
+  grains of food with a bodkin.--O.W. Holmes,
+  _Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table_.
+
+AMIN'TOR, a young nobleman, the troth-plight husband of Aspatia, but
+by the king's command he marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). This is the great
+event of the tragedy of which Amintor is the hero. The sad story of
+Evadne, the heroine, gives name to the play.--Beaumont and Fletcher,
+_The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+(Till the reign of Charles II., the kings of England claimed the
+feudal right of disposing in marriage any one who owed them feudal
+allegiance. In _All's Well that Ends Well_, Shakespeare makes the king
+of France exercise a similar right, when he commands Bertram, count
+of Rousillon, to marry against his will Hel'ena, the physician's
+daughter.)
+
+AMIS THE PRIEST, the hero of a comic German epic of the 13th century,
+represented as an Englishman, a man of great wit and humor, but
+ignorant and hypocritical. His popularity excites the envy of the
+superior clergy, who seek to depose him from the priesthood by making
+public exposition of his ignorance, but by his quickness at repartee
+he always manages to turn the laugh against them.--Ascribed to
+Stricker of Austria.
+
+AM'LET (_Richard_), the gamester in Vanbrugh's _Confederacy_ (1695).
+He is usually called "Dick."
+
+
+I saw Miss Pope for the second time, in the year 1790, in the
+character of "Flippanta," John Palmer being "Dick Amlet," and Mrs.
+Jordan "Corinna."--James Smith.
+
+
+_Mrs. Amlet_, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman, mother of _Dick_, of whom
+she is very proud, although she calls him a "sad scapegrace," and
+swears "he will be hanged." At last she settles on him L10,000, and he
+marries Corinna, daughter of Gripe the rich scrivener.
+
+AMMO'NIAN HORN (_The_), the cornucopia. Ammon king of Lib'ya gave to
+his mistress Amalthe'a (mother of Bacchus) a tract of land resembling
+a ram's horn in shape, and hence called the "_Ammonian_ horn" (from
+the giver), the "_Amalthe'an_ horn" (from the receiver), and the
+"_Hesperian_ horn" (from its locality). Amalthea also personifies
+fertility. (Ammon is Ham, son of Noah, founder of the African race.)
+(See AMALTHEA.)
+
+  [Here] Amalthea pours,
+  Well pleased, the wealth of that Ammonian horn,
+  Her dower.     Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+AM'MON'S SON. Alexander the Great called himself the son of the god
+Ammon, but others call him the son of Philip of Macedon.
+
+  Of food I think with Philip's son, or rather
+  Ammon's (ill pleased with one world and one
+  father).
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31.
+
+(Alluding to the tale that when Alexander had conquered the whole
+world, he wept that there was no other world to conquer.)
+
+A'MON'S SON is Rinaldo, eldest son of Amon or Aymon marquis d'Este,
+and nephew of Charlemagne.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AM'ORET, a modest, faithful shepherdess, who plighted her troth to
+Per'igot (_t_ sounded) at the "Virtuous Well." The wanton shepherdess
+Amarillis, having by enchantment assumed her appearance and dress, so
+disgusted Perigot with her bold ways, that he lost his love for the
+true Amoret, repulsed her with indignation, and tried to kill her. The
+deception was revealed by Cor'in, "the faithful shepherdess," and the
+lovers being reconciled, were happily married.--John Fletcher, _The
+Faithful Shepherdess_ (before 1611).
+
+AMORET'TA or AM'ORET, twin-born with Belphoebe (3 _syl_.), their
+mother being Chrysog'one (4 _syl_.). While the mother and her two
+babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebe) to bring up, and Venus
+the other. Venus committed Amoretta to the charge of Psyche (2
+_syl_.), and Psyche tended her as lovingly as she tended her own
+daughter Pleasure, "to whom she became the companion." When grown to
+marriageable estate, Amoretta was brought to Fairyland, and wounded
+many a heart, but gave her own only to sir Scudamore (bk. iii. 6).
+Being seized by Bu'sirane, an enchanter, she was kept in durance
+by him because she would not "her true love deny;" but Britomart
+delivered her and bound the enchanter (bk. iii. 11, 12), after which
+she became the tender, loving wife of sir Scudamore.
+
+_Amoret_ is the type of female loveliness and wifely affection, soft,
+warm, chaste, gentle, and ardent; not sensual nor yet platonic, but
+that living, breathing, warm-hearted love which fits woman for the
+fond mother and faithful wife.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+AMOUR'Y (_Sir Giles_), the Grand-Master of the Knights Templars, who
+conspires with the marquis of Montserrat against Richard I. Saladin
+cuts off the Templar's head while in the act of drinking.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+AM'PHIBAL (_St._), confessor of St. Alban of Verulam. When Maximia'nus
+Hercu'lius, general of Diocle'tian's army in Britain, pulled down the
+Christian churches, burnt the Holy Scriptures, and put to death the
+Christians with unflagging zeal, Alban hid his confessor, and offered
+to die for him.
+
+  A thousand other saints whom Amphibal had taught ...
+  Were slain where Lichfield is, whose name doth rightly sound
+  (There of those Christians slain), "Dead-field" or burying-ground.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+AMPHI'ON is said to have built Thebes by the music of his lute.
+Tennyson has a poem called _Amphion_, a skit and rhyming _jeu
+d'esprit_.
+
+  Amphion there the loud creating lyre
+  Strikes, and behold a sudden Thebes aspire.
+
+Pope, _Temple of Fame_.
+
+AMPHIS-BAENA, a reptile which could go head foremost either way,
+because it had a head at each extremity. Milton uses the word in
+_Paradise Lost_, x. 524. (Greek, _ampi baino_, "I go both ways.")
+
+  The amphis-baena doubly armed appears,
+  At either end a threatening head she rears.
+
+Rowe, _Pharsalia_, ix. 696, etc. (by Lucan).
+
+AMPHITRYON, a Theban general, husband of Alcme'ne (3 _syl._). While
+Amphitryon was absent at war with Pter'elas, king of the Tel'eboans,
+Jupiter assumed his form, and visited Alcmene, who in due time became
+the mother of Her'cules. Next day Amphitryon returned, having slain
+Pterelas, and Alcmene was surprised to see him so soon again. Here a
+great entanglement arose, Alcmene telling her husband he visited her
+last night, and showing him the ring he gave her, and Amphitryon
+declaring he was with the army. This confusion is still further
+increased by his slave Sos'ia, who went to take to Alcmene the news of
+victory, but was stopped at the door of the house by Mercury, who had
+assumed for the nonce Sosia's form, and the slave could not make out
+whether he was himself or not. This plot has been made a comedy by
+Plautus, Moliere, and Dryden.
+
+  The scenes which Plautus drew, to-night we show,
+  Touched by Moliere, by Dryden taught to glow.
+
+  _Prologue to Hawksworth's version_.
+
+
+As an Amphitryon _chez qui l'on dine_, no one knows better than Ouida
+the uses of a _recherche_ dinner.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix.
+
+
+"_Amphitryon_": _Le veritable Amphitryon est l'Amphitryon ou l'on
+dine_ ("The master of the feast is the master of the house"). While
+the confusion was at its height between the false and true Amphitryon,
+_Socie_ [Sosia] the slave is requested to decide which was which, and
+replied--
+
+  Je ne me trompois pas, messieurs; ce mot termine
+  Toute l'irresolution;
+  Le veritable Amphitryon
+  Est l'Amphitryon ou l'on dine.
+
+  Moliere, _Amphitryon_, iii. 5 (1668).
+
+  Demosthenes and Cicero
+  Are doubtless stately names to hear,
+  But that of good Amphitryon
+  Sounds far more pleasant to my ear.
+
+  M.A. Desaugiers (1772-1827).
+
+AMRAH, the faithful woman-servant of the household of Ben-Hur in Lew
+Wallace's novel, _Ben-Hur_. Through her heroic services, Judah,
+the son, finds the mother and sister from whom he has been so long
+separated (1880).
+
+AM'RI, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden and Tate, is Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham and lord chancellor. He is called "The
+Father of Equity" (1621-1682).
+
+  To whom the double blessing did belong,
+  With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.
+
+Part ii.
+
+AMUN'DEVILLE (_Lord Henry_), one of the "British privy council." After
+the sessions of parliament he retired to his country seat, where he
+entertained a select and numerous party, among which were the duchess
+of Fitz-Fulke, Aurora Raby, and don Juan, "the Russian envoy."
+His wife was lady Adeline. (His character is given in xiv. 70,
+71.)--Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. to end.
+
+AM'URATH III., sixth emperor of the Turks. He succeeded his father,
+Selim II., and reigned 1574-1595. His first act was to invite all his
+brothers to a banquet, and strangle them. Henry IV. alludes to this
+when he says--
+
+  This is the English, not the Turkish court;
+  Not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,
+  But Harry, Harry.
+
+Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act v. sc. 2 (1598).
+
+AMUSEMENTS OF KINGS. The great amusement of _Ardeltas_ of Arabia
+Petraea, was currying horses; of _Artaba'nus_ of Persia, was
+mole-catching; of _Domitian_ of Rome, was catching flies; of
+_Ferdinand VII._, of Spain, was embroidering petticoats; of _Louis
+XVI._, clock and lock making; of _George IV._, the game of patience.
+
+AMY MARCH, the artist sister in Louisa M. Alcott's _Little Women_
+(1868).
+
+AMY WENTWORTH, the high-born but contented wife of the "Brown Viking
+of the Fishing-smack," in John Greenleaf Whittier's poem, _Amy
+Wentworth_.
+
+  She sings, and smiling, hears her praise,
+  But dreams the while of one
+  Who watches from his sea-blown deck
+  The ice-bergs in the sun.    (1860.)
+
+AMYN'TAS, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, by Spenser, is
+Ferdinando earl of Derby, who died 1594.
+
+  Amyntas, flower of shepherd's pride forlorn.
+  He, whilst he lived, was the noblest swain
+  That ever piped on an oaten quill.
+
+Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+AMYN'TOR. (See AMINTOR.)
+
+A'MYS and AMY'LION, the Damon and Pythias of mediaeval romance.--See
+Ellis's _Specimens of Early English Metrical Romances_.
+
+AMYTIS, the Median queen of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon.
+Beautiful, passionate, and conscienceless, she condemns an innocent
+rival to the worst of fates, without a pang of conscience, and dies a
+violent death at the hands of one who was once her lover.
+
+The gardens were well-watered and dripped luxuriantly.... At this time
+of the morning, Amytis amused herself alone, or with a few favored
+slaves. She dipped through artificial dew and pollen, bloom and
+fountain, like one of the butterflies that circled above her small
+head, or one of the bright cold lizards that crept about her feet. She
+bathed, she ran, she sang, and curled to sleep, and stirred and bathed
+again.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and
+Herbert D. Ward (1890).
+
+ANACHARSIS [CLOOTZ]. Baron Jean Baptiste Clootz assumed the _prenome_
+of Anacharsis, from the Scythian so called, who travelled about
+Greece and other countries to gather knowledge and improve his own
+countrymen. The baron wished by the name to intimate that his own
+object in life was like that of Anacharsis (1755-1794).
+
+ANACHRONISMS. (See ERRORS.)
+
+CHAUCER, in his tale of _Troilus_, at the siege of Troy, makes
+Pandarus refer to _Robin Hood_.
+
+  And to himselfe ful soberly he saied,
+  From hasellwood there jolly Robin plaied.
+
+Book v.
+
+GILES FLETCHER, in _Christ's Victory_, pt. ii. makes the Tempter
+seem to be "a good old _hermit_ or _palmer_, travelling to see some
+_saint_, and _telling his beads!!_"
+
+LODGE, in _The True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla_ (1594), mentions
+"the razor of Palermo" and "St. Paul's steeple," and introduces
+Frenchmen who "for forty crowns" undertake to poison the Roman consul.
+
+MORGLAY makes Dido tell AEneas that she should have been contented with
+a son, even "if he had been a _cockney dandiprat_" (1582).
+
+SCHILLER, in his _Piccolomini_, speaks of _lightning conductors_. This
+was about 150 years before they were invented.
+
+SHAKESPEAKE, in his _Coriolanus_ (act ii. sc. 1), makes Menenius refer
+to _Galen_ above 600 years before he was born.
+
+Cominius alludes to _Roman Plays_, but no such things were known for
+250 years after the death of Cominius.--_Coriolanus_, act ii. sc. 2.
+
+Brutus refers to the "_Marcian Waters_ brought to Rome by Censorinus."
+This was not done till 300 years afterwards.
+
+In _Hamlet_, the prince Hamlet was educated at _Wittemberg School_,
+which was not founded till 1502; whereas Saxo-Germanicus, from whom
+Shakespeare borrowed the tale, died in 1204. Hamlet was thirty years
+old when his mother talks of his going back to school (act i. sc. 2).
+
+In 1 _Henry IV._, the carrier complains that "the _turkeys_ in his
+pannier are quite starved" (act ii. sc. 5), whereas turkeys came from
+America, and the New World was not even discovered for a century
+after. Again in _Henry V._, Grower is made to say to Fluellen, "Here
+comes Pistol, swelling like a turkey-cock" (act v. sc. 1).
+
+In _Julius Caesar_, Brutus says to Cassius, "Peace, count the clock."
+To which Cassius replies, "The clock has stricken three."
+
+Clocks were not known to the Romans, and striking-clocks were not
+invented till some 1400 years after the death of Caesar.
+
+VIRGIL places AEneas in the port Velinus, which was made by Curius
+Dentatus.
+
+This list, with very little trouble, might be greatly multiplied. The
+hotbed of anachronisms is mediaeval romance; there nations, times and
+places, are most recklessly disregarded. This may be instanced by a
+few examples from Ariosto's great poem, _Orlando Furioso_.
+
+Here we have Charlemagne and his paladins joined by Edward king of
+England, Richard earl of Warwick, Henry duke of Clarence, and the
+dukes of York and Gloucester (bk. vi.). We have cannons employed by
+Cymosco king of Friza (bk. iv.), and also in the siege of Paris (bk.
+vi.). We have the Moors established in Spain, whereas they were not
+invited over by the Saracens for nearly 300 years after Charlemagne's
+death. In bk. xvii. we have Prester John, who died in 1202; and in the
+last three books we have Constantine the Great, who died in 337.
+
+ANAC'REON, the prince of erotic and bacchanalian poets, insomuch that
+songs on these subjects are still called Anacreon'tic (B.C. 563-478).
+
+_Anacreon of Painters_, Francesco Albano or Alba'ni (1578-1660).
+
+_Anacreon of the Guillotine_, Bertrand Barere de Vieuzac (1755-1841).
+
+_Anacreon of the Temple_, Guillaume Amfrye, abbe de Chaulieu
+(1639-1720).
+
+_Anacreon of the Twelfth Century_, Walter Mapes, "The Jovial Toper."
+His famous drinking song, "Meum est prepositum ..." has been
+translated by Leigh Hunt (1150-1196).
+
+_The French Anacreon_. 1. Pontus de Thiard, one of the "Pleiad
+poets" (1521-1605). 2. P. Laujon, perpetual president of the _Caveau
+Moderne_, a Paris club, noted for its good dinners, but every member
+was of necessity a poet (1727-1811).
+
+_The Persian Anacreon_, Mahommed Hafiz. The collection of his poems is
+called _The Divan_ (1310-1389).
+
+_The Sicilian Anacreon_, Giovanni Meli (1740-1815).
+
+ANACREON MOORE, Thomas Moore of Dublin (1780-1852), poet, called
+"Anacreon," from his translation of that Greek poet, and his own
+original anacreontic songs.
+
+  Described by Mahomet and Anacreon Moore.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 104.
+
+ANAGNUS, Inchastity personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons by Caro, named Maechus
+(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), Acath'arus, and Asel'ges
+(_lasciviousness_), all of whom are fully described by the poet. In
+the battle of Mansoul (canto xi.) Anagnus is slain by Agnei'a (_wifely
+chastity_), the spouse of Encra'tes (_temperance_) and sister of
+Parthen'ia (_maidenly chastity_). (Greek, _anagnos_, "impure.")
+(1633.)
+
+ANAGRAMS.
+
+CHARLES JAMES STUART (James I.). _Claims Arthur's Seat_.
+
+DAME ELEANOR DAVIES (prophetess in the reign of Charles I.). _Never so
+mad a ladie_.
+
+HORATIO NELSON. _Honor est a Nilo_.
+
+MARIE TOUCHET (mistress of Charles IX.). _Je charme tout_ (made by
+Henri IV.).
+
+Pilate's question, QUID EST VERITAS? _Est vir qui adest_.
+
+SIR ROGER CHARLES DOUGHTY TICHBORNE, BARONET. _You horrid butcher,
+Orton, biggest rascal here._
+
+A'NAH, granddaughter of Cain and sister of Aholiba'mah. Japhet loved
+her, but she had set her heart on the seraph Azaz'iel, who carried her
+off to another planet when the Flood came.--Byron, _Heaven and Earth_.
+
+  Anah and Aholibamah are very different characters:
+  Anah is soft, gentle, and submissive; her
+  sister is proud, imperious, and aspiring; the one
+  loving in fear, the other in ambition. She fears
+  that her love makes her "heart grow impious,"
+  and that she worships the seraph rather than the
+  Creator.--Ed. Lytton Bulwer (Lord Lytton).
+
+ANAK OF PUBLISHERS, so John Murray was called by lord Byron
+(1778-1843).
+
+AN'AKIM or ANAK, a giant of Palestine, whose descendants were terrible
+for their gigantic stature. The Hebrew spies said that they themselves
+were mere grasshoppers in comparison of them.
+
+  I felt the thews of Anakim,
+  The pulses of a Titan's heart.
+
+Tennyson, _In Memoriam_, iii.
+
+(The Titans were giants, who, according to classic fable, made war
+with Jupiter or Zeus, 1 _syl_.)
+
+ANAMNES'TES (4 _syl_), the boy who waited on Eumnestes (Memory).
+Eumnestes was a very old man, decrepit and half blind, a "man of
+infinite remembrance, who things foregone through many ages held," but
+when unable to "fet" what he wanted, was helped by a little boy yclept
+Anamnestes, who sought out for him what "was lost or laid amiss."
+(Greek, _eumnestis_, "good memory;" _anamne'stis_, "research or
+calling up to mind.")
+
+  And oft when things were lost or laid amiss,
+  That boy them sought and unto him did lend;
+  Therefore the Anamnestes cleped is,
+  And that old man Eumnestes.
+
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).
+
+ANANI'AS, in _The Alchemist_, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1610).
+
+("Wasp" in _Bartholomew Fair_, "Corbaccio" in _The Fox_, "Morose" in
+_The Silent Woman_, all by B. Jonson.)
+
+ANARCHUS, king of the Dipsodes (2 _syl_.), defeated by Pantag'ruel,
+who dressed him in a ragged doublet, a cap with a cock's feather, and
+married him to "an old lantern-carrying hag." The prince gave the
+wedding-feast, which consisted of garlic and sour cider. His wife,
+being a regular termagant, "did beat him like plaster, and
+the ex-tyrant did not dare call his soul his own."--Rabelais,
+_Pantagruel_, ii. 31 (1533).
+
+ANASTA'SIUS, the hero of a novel called _Memoirs of Anastasius_, by
+Thomas Hope (1770-1831), a most brilliant and powerful book. It is
+the autobiography of a Greek, who, to escape the consequences of his
+crimes and villainies, becomes a renegade, and passes through a long
+series of adventures.
+
+  Fiction has but few pictures which will bear
+  comparison with that of Anastasius, sitting on
+  the steps of the lazaretto of Trieste, with his
+  dying boy in his arms.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+ANASTASIUS GRUeN, the _nom de plume_ of Anton Alexander von Auersperg,
+a German poet (1806-1876).
+
+ANASTERAX, brother of Niquee [_ne.kay_], with whom he lives in
+incestuous intercourse. The fairy Zorphee, in order to withdraw her
+god-daughter from this alliance, enchanted her.--_Amadis de Gaul_.
+
+AN'CHO, a Spanish brownie, who haunts the shepherds' huts, warms
+himself at their fires, tastes their clotted milk and cheese,
+converses with the family, and is treated with familiarity mixed with
+terror. The Ancho hates church bells.
+
+ANCIENT MARINER (_The_), by Coleridge. For the crime of having shot
+an albatross (a bird of good omen to seamen) terrible sufferings are
+visited upon him, which are finally remitted through his repentance;
+but he is doomed to wander over the earth and repeat his story to
+others as a warning lesson.
+
+AN'DERSON (_Eppie_), a servant at the inn of St. Ronan's Well, held by
+Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+ANDRE (2 _syl_.). Petit-Andre and Trois Echelles are the executioners
+of Louis XI. of France. They are introduced by sir W. Scott, both in
+_Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_.
+
+_Andre_, the hero and title of a novel by George Sand (Mde. Dudevant).
+This novel and that called _Consuelo_ (4 _syl_.) are considered her
+best (1804-1876).
+
+ANDRE'OS, Fortitude personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (canto x.). "None fiercer to a stubborn enemy, but to the
+yielding none more sweetly kind." (Greek, _andria_ or _andreia_,
+"manliness.")
+
+ANDREW, gardener, at Ellangowan, to Godfrey Bertram the laird.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+ANDREWS, a private in the royal army of the duke of Monmouth.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Andrews (Joseph)_, the hero and title of a novel by Fielding. He is
+a footman who marries a maid-servant. Joseph Andrews is a brother of
+[Richardson's] "Pamela," a handsome, model young man.
+
+  The accounts of Joseph's bravery and good
+  qualities, his voice too musical to halloa to the
+  dogs, his bravery in riding races for the gentlemen
+  of the county, and his constancy in refusing
+  bribes and temptation, have something refreshing
+  in their _naivete_ and freshness, and prepossess
+  one in favor of that handsome young hero.--Thackeray.
+
+ANDROCLUS AND THE LION. Androclus was a runaway Roman slave, who took
+refuge in a cavern. A lion entered, and instead of tearing him to
+pieces, lifted up its fore-paw that Androclus might extract from it a
+thorn. The fugitive, being subsequently captured, was doomed to fight
+with a lion in the Roman arena, and it so happened that the very same
+lion was let out against him; it instantly recognized its benefactor,
+and began to fawn upon him with every token of gratitude and joy. The
+story being told of this strange behavior, Androclus was forthwith set
+free.
+
+A somewhat similar anecdote is told of sir George Davis, English
+consul at Florence at the beginning of the present century. One day
+he went to see the lions of the great duke of Tuscany. There was one
+which the keepers could not tame, but no sooner did sir George appear,
+than the beast manifested every symptom of joy. Sir George entered
+the cage, when the creature leaped on his shoulder, licked his face,
+wagged its tail, and fawned like a dog. Sir George told the great
+duke that he had brought up this lion, but as it grew older it became
+dangerous, and he sold it to a Barbary captain. The duke said he
+bought it of the same man, and the mystery was cleared up.
+
+ANDROMACHE [_An. drom'. a. ky_], widow of Hector. At the downfall of
+Troy both she and her son Asty'anax were allotted to Pyrrhus king
+of Epirus, and Pyrrhus fell in love with her, but she repelled
+his advances. At length a Grecian embassy, led by Orestes son of
+Agamemnon, arrived, and demanded that Astyanax should be given up and
+put to death, lest in manhood he should attempt to avenge his father's
+death. Pyrrhus told Andromache that he would protect her son in
+defiance of all Greece if she would become his wife, and she
+reluctantly consented thereto. While the marriage ceremonies were
+going on, the ambassadors rushed on Pyrrhus and slew him, but as he
+fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromache, who thus became
+the queen of Epirus, and the ambassadors hastened to their ships in
+flight.--Ambrose Philips, _The Distressed Mother_ (1712).
+
+ANDROMEDA, beautiful daughter of the king of Ethiopia. To appease
+Neptune, she was bound to a rock to be devoured by Neptune. Perseus
+slew the monster and made the maiden his wife.
+
+ANDRONI'CA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+beauty.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ANDRONI'CUS (_Titus_), a noble Roman general against the Goths,
+father of Lavin'ia. In the play so called, published among those of
+Shakespeare, the word all through is called _Andron'icus_ (1593).
+
+_Marcus Andronicus_, brother of Titus, and tribune of the people.
+
+ANDROPH'ILUS, Philanthropy personified in _The Purple Island_,
+by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully described in canto x. (Greek,
+_Andro-philos_, "a lover of mankind.")
+
+ANDY (_Handy_), Irish lad in the employ of Squire Egan. He has
+boundless capacity for bulls and blunders.--Samuel Lover, _Handy
+Andy_.
+
+ANEAL (2 _syl_.), daughter of Maae'ni, who loves Djabal, and believes
+him to be "hakeem'" (the incarnate god and founder of the Druses)
+returned to life for the restoration of the people and their return to
+Syria from exile in the Spo'rades. When, however, she discovers his
+imposture, she dies in the bitterness of her disappointment.--Robert
+Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
+
+_L'ange de Dieu_, Isabeau la belle, the "inspired prophet-child" of
+the Camisards.
+
+ANGELA MESSENGER, heiress to Messenger's Brewery and an enormous
+fortune. In order to know the people of the East End she lives among
+them as a dressmaker. She sees their needs, and to supply these in
+part, builds _The People's Palace_--or Palace of Delights.--_All Sorts
+and Conditions of Men_, by Walter Besant (1889).
+
+ANGEL'ICA, in Bojardo's _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495), is daughter of
+Gal'aphron king of Cathay. She goes to Paris, and Orlando falls in
+love with her, forgetful of wife, sovereign, country, and glory.
+Angelica, on the other hand, disregards Orlando, but passionately
+loves Rinaldo, who positively dislikes her. Angelica and Rinaldo drink
+of certain fountains, when the opposite effects are produced in their
+hearts, for then Rinaldo loves Angelica, while Angelica loses all love
+for Rinaldo.
+
+_Angelica_, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516), is the same lady,
+who marries Medoro, a young Moore, and returns to Cathay, where Medoro
+succeeds to the crown. As for Orlando, he is driven mad by jealousy
+and pride.
+
+  The fairest of her sex, Angelica,
+  ...Sought by many prowest knights,
+  Both painim and the peers of Charlemagne.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iii. (1671).
+
+_Angelica (The Princess_), called "The Lady of the Golden Tower." The
+loves of Parisme'nos and Angelica form an important feature of the
+second part of _Parismus Prince of Bohemia_, by Emanuel Foord (1598).
+
+_Angelica_, an heiress with whom Valentine Legend is in love. For a
+time he is unwilling to declare himself because of his debts; but
+Angelica gets possession of a bond for L4000, and tears it. The money
+difficulty being adjusted, the marriage is arranged amicably.--W.
+Congreve, _Love for Love_ (1695).
+
+Mrs. Anne Bracegirdle equally delighted in melting tenderness and
+playful coquetry, in "Statira" or "Millamant;" and even at an advanced
+age, when she played "Angelica."--C. Dibden.
+
+_Angelica_, the troth-plight wife of Valere, "the gamester." She
+gives him a picture, and enjoins him not to part with it on pain of
+forfeiting her hand. However, he loses it in play, and Angelica in
+disguise is the winner of it. After much tribulation, Valere is
+cured of his vice, and the two are happily united by marriage.--Mrs.
+Centlivre, _The Gamester_ (1705).
+
+ANGELI'NA, daughter of lord Lewis, in the comedy called _The Elder
+Brother_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1637).
+
+_Angelina_, daughter of don Charino. Her father wanted her to marry
+Clodio, a coxcomb, but she preferred his elder brother Carlos, a
+bookworm, with whom she eloped. They were taken captives and carried
+to Lisbon. Here in due time they met, the fathers who went in search
+of them came to the same spot, and as Clodio had engaged himself to
+Elvira of Lisbon, the testy old gentlemen agreed to the marriage of
+Angelina with Carlos.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
+
+Angelique' (3 _syl._), daughter of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. Her
+lover is Cleante (2 _syl._). In order to prove whether his wife or
+daughter loved him the better, Argan pretended to be dead, whereupon
+the wife rejoiced greatly that she was relieved of a "disgusting
+creature," hated by every one; but the daughter grieved as if her
+heart would break, rebuked herself for her shortcomings, and vowed
+to devote the rest of her life in prayer for the repose of his soul.
+Argan, being assured of his daughter's love, gave his free consent to
+her marriage with Cleante.--Moliere, _Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+_Angelique_, the aristocratic wife of George Dandin, a French
+commoner. She has a liaison with a M. Clitandre, but always contrives
+to turn the tables on her husband. George Dandin first hears of a
+rendezvous from one Lubin, a foolish servant of Clitandre, and lays
+the affair before M. and Mde. Sotenville, his wife's parents. The
+baron with George Dandin call on the lover, who denies the accusation,
+and George Dandin has to beg pardon. Subsequently, he catches his wife
+and Clitandre together, and sends at once for M. and Mde. Sotenville;
+but Angelique, aware of their presence, pretends to denounce her
+lover, and even takes up a stick to beat him for the "insult offered
+to a virtuous wife;" so again the parents declare their daughter to be
+the very paragon of women. Lastly, George Dandin detects his wife and
+Clitandre together at night-time, and succeeds in shutting his wife
+out of her room; but Angelique now pretends to kill herself, and when
+George goes for a light to look for the body, she rushes into her room
+and shuts him out. At this crisis the parents arrive, when Angelique
+accuses her husband of being out all night in a debauch; and he is
+made to beg her pardon on his knees.--Moliere, _George Dandin_ (1668).
+
+AN'GELO, in _Measure for Measure_, lord deputy of Vienna in the
+absence of Vincentio the duke. His betrothed lady is Maria'na. Lord
+Angelo conceived a base passion for Isabella, sister of Claudio,
+but his designs were foiled by the duke, who compelled him to marry
+Mariana.--Shakespeare (1603).
+
+_An'gelo_, a gentleman friend to Julio in _The Captain_, a drama by
+Beaumont and Fletcher (1613).
+
+ANGELS (_Orders of_). According to Dionysius the Areop'agite, the
+angels are divided into nine orders: Seraphim and Cherubim, in the
+_first_ circle; Thrones and Dominions, in the _second_ circle;
+Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Archangels, and Angels, in the
+_third_ circle.
+
+  Novem angelorum ordines dicimus, quia videlicet
+  esse, testante sacro eloquio, scimus Angelos,
+  Archangelos, Virtutes, Potestates, Principatus,
+  Dominationes, Thronos, Cherubim, atque Seraphim.--St.
+  Gregory the Great, _Homily_ 34.
+
+(See _Hymns Ancient and Modern_, No. 253, ver. 2, 3.)
+
+ANGER ... THE ALPHABET. It was Athenodo'rus the Stoic who advised
+Augustus to repeat the alphabet when he felt inclined to give way to
+anger.
+
+  Un certain Grec disait a l'empereur Auguste,
+  Comme une instruction utile autant que juste,
+  Que, lorsqu' une aventure en colere nous met,
+  Nous devons, avant tout, dire notre alphabet,
+  Afin que dans ce temps la bile se tempere,
+  Et qu'on ne fasse rien que l'on ne doive faire.
+
+Moliere, _L'Ecole des Femmes_, ii. 4 (1662).
+
+ANGIOLI'NA (4 _syl_.), daughter of Loreda'no, and the young wife of
+Mari'no Faliero, the doge of Venice. A patrician named Michel Steno,
+having behaved indecently to some of the women assembled at the great
+civic banquet given by the doge, was kicked out of the house by order
+of the doge, and in revenge wrote some scurrilous lines against the
+dogaressa. This insult was referred to "The Forty," and Steno was
+sentenced to two months' imprisonment, which the doge considered a
+very inadequate punishment for the offence.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_.
+
+  The character of the calm, pure-spirited Angiolina
+  is developed most admirably. The great
+  difference between her temper and that of her
+  fiery husband is vividly portrayed, but not less
+  vividly touched is that strong bond of union
+  which exists in the common nobleness of their
+  deep natures. There is no spark of jealousy in
+  the old man's thoughts. He does not expect the
+  fervor of youthful passion in his young wife;
+  but he finds what is far better--the fearless confidence
+  of one so innocent that she can scarcely
+  believe in the existence of guilt.... She thinks
+  Steno's greatest punishment will be "the blushes
+  of his privacy."--Lockhart.
+
+ANGLAN'TE'S LORD, Orlando, who was lord of Anglante and knight of
+Brava.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AN'GLIDES (3 _syl_.), wife of good prince Boud'wine (2 _syl_.),
+brother to sir Mark king of Cornwall ("the falsest traitor that ever
+was born"). When king Mark slew her husband, Anglides and her son
+Alisaunder made their escape to Magounce (_i.e. Arundel_), where she
+lived in peace, and brought up her son till he received the honor
+of knighthood.--Sir T. Malory, _Hist, of Pr. Arthur_, ii. 117, 118
+(1470).
+
+AN'GUISANT, king of Erin (_Ireland_), subdued by king Arthur fighting
+in behalf of Leod'ogran king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson,
+_Coming of King Arthur_.
+
+ANGULE (_St._), bishop of London, put to death by Maximia'nus
+Hercu'lius, Roman general in Britain in the reign of Diocletian.
+
+  St. Angule put to death, one of our holiest men,
+  At London, of that see the godly bishop then.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ANGURVA'DEL, Frithiof's sword, inscribed with Runic characters, which
+blazed in time of war, but gleamed dimly in time of peace.
+
+ANICE, the woman who steals Fenn's fancy, rather than his heart, from
+his wife, in George Parsons Lathrop's story, _An Echo of Passion_
+(1882).
+
+ANIMULA, beauteous being revealed in a drop of water by a microscope
+of extraordinary and inconceivable power.--_The Diamond Lens_, by
+Fitz-James O'Brien (1854).
+
+ANJOU (_The Fair Maid of_), lady Edith Plantagenet, who married David
+earl of Huntingdon (a royal prince of Scotland). Edith was a kinswoman
+of Richard Coeur de Lion, and an attendant on queen Berengaria.
+
+[Illustration: symbol] Sir Walter Scott has introduced her in _The
+Talisman_ (1825).
+
+ANN (_The princess_), lady of Beaujeu.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Ann_ (_The Lady_), the wife who, in John G. Saxe's ballad, _The Lady
+Ann_, goes mad at the news of the death of sir John, her husband
+(1868).
+
+ANNA (_Donna_), the lady beloved by don Otta'vio, but seduced by don
+Giovanni.--Mozart's opera, _Don Giovanni_ (1787).
+
+AN'NABEL, in _Absalom and Achitophel_, by
+
+Dryden, is the duchess of Monmouth, whose maiden name was Anne Scott
+(countess of Buccleuch). She married again after the execution of her
+faithless husband.
+
+  With secret joy indulgent David [_Charles II_.]
+  viewed
+  His youthful image in his son renewed;
+  To all his wishes nothing he denied,
+  And made the charming Annabel his bride.
+  Part i.
+
+ANNABEL LEE. Edgar A. Poe's poem of this name is supposed to be
+a loving memorial to his young wife, Virginia Clemm, who died of
+consumption at Fordham, N.Y., in 1847.
+
+  The angels, not half so happy in heaven
+  Went envying her and me;
+  Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,
+  In this kingdom by the sea)
+  That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
+  Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. (1848.)
+
+ANNA PASTORIUS, wife of Pastorius in Whittier's poem, _The
+Pennsylvania Pilgrim_. At his cry "Help! for the good man faileth!"
+she points to her aloe-tree, and reminds him that as surely as "the
+century-moulded bud shall burst in bloom," love and patience will soon
+or late conquer wrong (1872).
+
+AN'NAPLE [BAILZOU], Effie Dean's "monthly" nurse.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_An'naple_, nurse of Hobbie Elliot of the Heugh-foot, a young
+farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+ANNE (_Sister_), the sister of Fat'ima, the seventh and last wife of
+Blue Beard. Fatima, having disobeyed her lord by looking into the
+locked chamber, is allowed a short respite before execution. Sister
+Anne ascends the high tower of the castle, with the hope of seeing
+her brothers, who are expected to arrive every moment. Fatima, in her
+agony, keeps asking "sister Anne" if she can see them, and Blue Beard
+keeps crying out for Fatima to use greater despatch. As the patience
+of both is exhausted, the brothers arrive, and Fatima is rescued from
+death.--Charles Perrault, _La Barbe Bleue_.
+
+_Anne_, own sister of king Arthur. Her father was Uther the pendragon,
+and her mother Ygerna, widow of Gorlois. She was given by her brother
+in marriage to Lot, consul of Londonesia, and afterwards king of
+Norway.--Geoffrey, _British History_, viii. 20, 21.
+
+[Illustration] In Arthurian romance this Anne is called Margawse
+(_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2); Tennyson calls her Bellicent
+(_Gareth and Lynette_). In Arthurian romance Lot is always called king
+of Orkney.
+
+ANNE CATHERICK, half-witted girl, the natural sister of Laura Fairlie,
+to whom she bears a strong resemblance. This circumstance suggests to
+the villain of the book the deception of showing her dead body as that
+of Laura, as a step toward securing the fortune of the latter.--_The
+Woman in White_, by Wilkie Collins (1865).
+
+ANNE DOUGLAS, heroine of _Anne_, a novel by Constance Fenimore Woolson
+(1882). The scene laid on the Island of Mackinac, Mich.
+
+ANNETTE, daughter of Mathis and Catherine, the bride of Christian,
+captain of the patrol.--J.E. Ware, _The Polish Jew_.
+
+ANNETTE AND LUBLIN, by Marmontel, imitated from the _Daphnis and
+Chloe_ of Longos (_q.v._).
+
+ANNIE KILBURN, the conscientious heiress who returns to a New England
+homestead after long residence abroad, and endeavors to do her duty in
+the station to which Providence has called her. Prim, pale, pretty,
+and not youthful except in heart.--_Annie Kilburn_, by William Dean
+Howells (1888).
+
+AN'NIE LAU'RIE, eldest of the three daughters of sir Robert Laurie, of
+Maxwelton. In 1709 she married James Fergusson, of Craigdarroch, and
+was the mother of Alexander Fergusson, the hero of Burns's song _The
+Whistle_. The song of _Annie Laurie_ was written by William Douglas,
+of Fingland, in the stewardry of Kirkcud'bright, hero of the song
+_Willie was a Wanton Wag_. (See WHISTLE.)
+
+Bayard Taylor has used the ballad with thrilling effect in his poem
+_The Song of the Camp_.
+
+  They sang of love, and not of fame,
+  Forgot was Britain's glory,
+  Each heart recalled a different name,
+  But all sang "Annie Laurie."
+  Voice after voice caught up the song
+  Until its tender passion
+  Rose, like an anthem, rich and strong,
+  Their battle-eve confession.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Dear girl! her name he dared not speak,
+  But as the song grew louder,
+  Something upon the soldier's cheek
+  Washed off the stain of powder.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+AN'NIE WIN'NIE, one of the old sibyls at Alice Gray's death; the other
+was Ailsie Gourlay.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+ANNIR, king of Inis-thona (an island of Scandinavia). He had two sons
+(Argon and Ruro) and one daughter. One day Cor'malo, a neighboring
+chief, came and begged the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the
+request, and overthrew him, which so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt
+he shot both the brothers secretly with his bow. Their dog Runa ran
+to the palace, and howled so as to attract attention; whereupon Annir
+followed the hound, and found both his sons dead, and on his return he
+further found that Cormalo had carried off his daughter. Oscar, son of
+Ossian, led an army against the villain, and slew him; then liberating
+the young lady, he took her back to Inis-thona, and delivered her to
+her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of Inis-thona").
+
+AN'NOPHEL, daughter of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of
+Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ANSELM, prior of St. Dominic, the confessor of king Henry IV.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ANSELME (2 _syl_.), father of Valere (2 _syl_.) and Mariane (3
+_syl_.). In reality he is don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples. The family
+were exiled from Naples for political reasons, and being shipwrecked
+were all parted. Valere was picked up by a Spanish captain, who
+adopted him; Mariane fell into the hands of a corsair, who kept her
+a captive for ten years, when she effected her escape; and Anselme
+wandered from place to place for ten years, when he settled in Paris,
+and intended to marry. At the expiration of sixteen years they all met
+in Paris at the house of Har'pagon, the miser. Valere was in love
+with Elise (2 _syl_.), the miser's daughter, promised by Harpagon in
+marriage to Anselme; and Mariane, affianced to the miser's son Cleante
+(2 _syl_.), was sought in marriage by Harpagon, the old father. As
+soon as Anselme discovered that Valere and Mariane were his own
+children, matters were soon amicably arranged, the young people
+married, and the old ones retired from the unequal contest.--Moliere,
+_L'Avare_ (1667).
+
+ANSELMO, a noble cavalier of Florence, the friend of Lothario. Anselmo
+married Camilla, and induced his friend to try to corrupt her, that
+he might rejoice in her incorruptible fidelity. Lothario unwillingly
+undertook the task, and succeeded but too well. For a time Anselmo
+was deceived, but at length Camilla eloped, and the end of the silly
+affair was that Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle,
+and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6;
+_Fatal Curiosity_ (1605).
+
+AN'STER (_Hob_), a constable at Kinross village.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+ANSTISS DOLBEARE, heroine of Mrs. A.D.T. Whitney's novel, _Hitherto_,
+a sensitive, imaginative, morbid, motherless girl who is "all the time
+holding up her soul ... with a thorn in it" (1872).
+
+ANTAE'OS, a gigantic wrestler of Libya (or _Irassa_). His strength was
+inexhaustible so long as he touched the earth, and was renewed every
+time he did touch it. Her'cules killed him by lifting him up from the
+earth and squeezing him to death. (See MALEGER.)
+
+  As when earth's son Antaeus ... in Irassa strove
+  With Jove's Alcides, and oft foiled, still rose,
+  Receiving from his mother earth new strength,
+  Fresh from his fall, and fiercer grapple joined,
+  Throttled at length in the air, expired and fell.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Regained_, iv. (563).
+
+[Illustration] Similarly, when Bernardo del Carpio assailed Orlando or
+Rolando at Roncesvalles, as he found his body was not to be pierced by
+any instrument of war, he took him up in his arms and squeezed him to
+death.
+
+N.B.--The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of his foot.
+
+ANTE'NOR, a traitorous Trojan prince, related to Priam. He advised
+Ulysses to carry away the palladium from Troy, and when the wooden
+horse was built it was Antenor who urged the Trojans to make a breach
+in the wall and drag the horse into the city.--Shakespeare has
+introduced him in _Troilus and Cressida_ (1602).
+
+ANTHEA, beautiful woman to whom Herrick addresses several poems.
+
+ANTHI'A, the lady beloved by Abroc'omas in the Greek romance called
+_De Amoribus Anthiae et Abrocomae_, by Xenophon of Ephesus, who lived
+in the fourth Christian century. (This is not Xenophon the historian,
+who lived B.C. 444-359.)
+
+ANTHONIO, "the merchant of Venice," in Shakespeare's drama so called
+(1598). Anthonio borrows of Shylock, a Jew, 3000 ducats for three
+months, to lend to his friend Bassanio. The conditions of the loan
+were these: if the money was paid within the time, only the principal
+should be returned; but if not, the Jew should be allowed to cut from
+Anthonio's body "a pound of flesh." As the ships of Anthonio were
+delayed by contrary winds, he was unable to pay within the three
+months, and Shylock demanded the forfeiture according to the bond.
+Portia, in the dress of a law-doctor, conducted the case, and when the
+Jew was about to cut the flesh, stopped him, saying--(1) the bond gave
+him no drop of blood; and (2) he must take neither more nor less than
+an exact pound. If he shed one drop of blood or if he cut more or
+less than an exact pound, his life would be forfeit. As it was quite
+impossible to comply with these restrictions, the Jew was nonsuited,
+and had to pay a heavy fine for seeking the life of a citizen.
+
+_Antho'nio_, the ursuping duke of Milan, and brother of Pros'pero (the
+rightful duke, and father of Miranda).--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_
+(1609).
+
+_Antho'nio_, father of Protheus, and suitor of Julia.--Shakespeare,
+_The Two Gentlemen of Verona_ (1594).
+
+AN'THONY, an English archer in the cottage of farmer Dickson, of
+Douglasdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+_An'thony_, the old postillion at Meg Dods's, the landlady of the inn
+at St. Ronan's Well.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+ANTID'IUS, bishop of Jaen, martyred by the Vandals in 411. One day,
+seeing the devil writing in his pocket-book some sin committed by the
+pope, he jumped upon his back and commanded his Satanic majesty to
+carry him to Rome. The devil tried to make the bishop pronounce the
+name of Jesus, which would break the spell, and then the devil would
+have tossed his unwelcome burden into the sea, but the bishop only
+cried, "Gee up, devil!" and when he reached Rome he was covered with
+Alpine snow. The chronicler naively adds, "the hat is still shown at
+Rome in confirmation of this miracle."--_General Chronicle of King
+Alphonso the Wise_.
+
+ANTIG'ONE (4 _syl._), daughter of Oe'dipos and Jocas'te, a noble
+maiden, with a truly heroic attachment to her father and brothers.
+When Oedipos had blinded himself, and was obliged to quit Thebes,
+Antigone accompanied him, and remained with him till his death, when
+she returned to Thebes. Creon, the king, had forbidden any one to bury
+Polyni'ces, her brother, who had been slain by his elder brother in
+battle; but Antigone, in defiance of this prohibition, buried the dead
+body, and Creon shut her up in a vault under ground, where she killed
+herself. Haemon, her lover, killed himself also by her side. Sophocles
+has a Greek tragedy on the subject, and it has been dramatized for the
+English stage.
+
+_The Modern Antigone_, Marie Therese Charlotte duchesse d'Angouleme,
+daughter of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette (1778-1851).
+
+ANTIG'ONUS, a Sicilian lord, commanded by king Leontes to take his
+infant daughter to a desert shore and leave her to perish. Antigonus
+was driven by a storm to the coast of Bohemia, where he left the
+babe; but on his way back to the ship, he was torn to pieces by a
+bear.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+_Antig'onus (King)_, an old man with a young man's amorous passions.
+He is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of
+Alexander the Great.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_
+(1647).
+
+ANTIN'OUS (4 _syl_.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted for
+his beauty.
+
+_Antin'ous_ (4 _syl_.), son of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of Candy,
+and brother of An'no-phel, in _The Laws of Candy_ a drama by Beaumont
+and Fletcher (1647).
+
+ANTI'OCHUS, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'icles
+prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.--Shakespeare,
+_Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+ANTI'OPE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 _syl_.), for whom
+Telem'achus had a _tendresse_. Mentor approved his choice, and assured
+Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms
+were "the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence,
+and her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some
+other useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household
+affairs, her contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own
+beauty," Telemachus says, "She encourages to industry by her example,
+sweetens labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of
+painters in the elegance of her embroidery."--Fenelon, _Telemaque_,
+xxii. (1700).
+
+He [_Paul_] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope
+with the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.--Bernardin de St.
+Pierre, _Paul and Virginia_ (1788).
+
+ANTIPH'OLUS, the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on, a
+merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy,
+and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to
+Syracuse, and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service
+of the duke, and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life,
+became a great man and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going
+in search of his brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders
+occurs from the wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their
+two servants called Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the
+Ephesian is taken up as a madman. It so happened that both brothers
+appeared before the duke at the same time; and the extraordinary
+likeness being seen by all, the cause of the blunders was evident,
+and everything was satisfactorily explained.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of
+Errors_ (1593).
+
+ANTON (_Sir_). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an infant,
+to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up as
+their own son. This does not correspond with the _History of Prince
+Arthur_, which states that he was committed to the care of sir Ector
+and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called the
+prince's foster-brother. The _History_ furthermore states that Arthur
+made sir Key his seneschal _because_ he was his foster-brother.
+
+  So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he
+  bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy
+  man christen him, and named him "Arthur."
+  And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her
+  own breast.--Part i. 3.
+
+  So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him
+  rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that
+  was his nourished brother.--Ditto.
+
+  "Sir," said sir Ector, "I will ask no more of
+  you but that you will make my son, sir Key,
+  your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands."
+  "That shall be done," said Arthur (ch. 4).--Sir
+  T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).
+
+_Anton_, one of Henry Smith's men in _The Fair Maid of Perth_, by sir
+W. Scott (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ANTO'NIO, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola,
+when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_
+(1614).
+
+_Anto'nio_, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W.
+Scott's _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Anto'nio_, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor
+of Bologna.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (a comedy, before
+1621).
+
+_Antonio (Don)_, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb;
+a testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his
+birthright in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends
+Angelina to be married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and
+elopes with Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth
+to Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
+
+_Antonio (Don)_, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of
+Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_
+(1778).
+
+ANTONOMAS'IA _(The princess_), daughter of Archipiela, king of
+Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant
+Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey,
+and her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote
+mounted the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the
+lady and her husband, and this he effected "simply by making the
+attempt."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+ANTONY _(Saint)_ lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in
+Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils.
+
+  Old St. Antonius from the hell
+  Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends
+  In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque
+  Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene,
+  Crowd in broad day before his open eyes.
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xvi. (1814).
+
+AN'TONY AND CAESAR. Macbeth says that "under Banquo his own genius was
+rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by Caesar" (act
+iii. sc. 1), and in _Antony and Cleopatra_ this passage is elucidated
+thus--
+
+  Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is
+  Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable,
+  Where Caesar's is not; but near him thy angel
+  Becomes a fear, as being overpowered.
+
+  Act ii. sc. 3.
+
+ANVIL (_The Literary_). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the
+hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.
+
+AODH, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island
+south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having
+landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in
+chains of iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the
+"treasures were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which
+not only released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the
+statue of St. Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death.
+After this the "saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together,
+and went to Ireland.--Campbell, _Reullura_.
+
+APE (1 _syl._), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of
+_Vanity Fair_. Dr. Johnson says "_to ape_ is to imitate ludicrously;"
+whence the adoption of the name.
+
+APEL'LES AND THE COBBLER. A cobbler found fault with the shoe-latchet
+of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the fault. The
+cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to criticise the
+legs; but Apelles said, _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ ("Let not the
+cobbler go beyond his last").
+
+Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where
+Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art.
+"Romance."
+
+_Apelles_. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea
+(hung by Augustus in the temple of Julius Caesar) was greatly injured
+by time, Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus
+by Apelles is called "Venus Anadyom'-ene," his model (according to
+tradition) being Campaspe (afterwards his wife).
+
+APEMAN'TUS, a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men
+systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when
+Timon attacked him with his own weapons.--Shakespeare, _Timon of
+Athens_ (1600).
+
+Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus,
+contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+APIC'IUS, an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on the
+ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent L800,000 in supplying
+the delicacies of the table, and having only L80,000 left, he hanged
+himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched
+pittance. _Apicia_, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and
+sauces, and his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.
+
+There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a
+cooking book and manual of sauces.
+
+No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and
+Apicius would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight
+whole boars for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have
+done.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_, i. 1 (1780).
+
+APOLLO, son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. He
+is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom
+and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of
+poetry, music, etc.
+
+_The Apollo Belvidere_, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere
+gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium,
+and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of
+Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.
+
+_The Apollo of Actium_ was a gigantic statue, which served for a
+beacon.
+
+_The Apollo of Rhodes_, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic
+bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Chares, a pupil of Lysippus, and
+set up B.C. 300.
+
+_Animals consecrated to Apollo_, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper,
+the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.
+
+APOLL'YON, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his
+_Pilgrim's Progress_. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a
+severe contest, he is foiled (1678).
+
+APOSTLE _or Patron Saint of_--
+
+  ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
+  ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829).
+  ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20.
+  ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730).
+  ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331).
+  CAGLIARI (_Sardinia_), St. Efisio.
+  CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14.
+  ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290).
+  ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
+  FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8.
+  FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865).
+  FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9.
+  FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738).
+  GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397).
+  GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25.
+  GEORGIA, St. Nino.
+  GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5.
+  HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9.
+  HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22.
+  INDIANS, Bartolome de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690).
+  INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3.
+  INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778).
+  IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17.
+  LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826).
+  LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29.
+  NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679).
+  NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).
+
+Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve
+(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his
+missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian.
+Scottish Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity
+is) Ceres. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain,
+St. James the Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father
+Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew
+Justiniani. St. Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales,
+St. David (480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus,
+bishop of York (597-644).
+
+APOSTOLIC FATHERS (_The Five_): Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas,
+Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contemporary with the Apostles.
+
+AP'PETIZER. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks
+were admirable appetizers, ate six of them, and then complained "he
+was no hungrier than he was before."
+
+AQUARIUS, SAGITTARIUS. Mrs. Browning says that "Aquarius" is a symbol
+of man _bearing_, and "Sagittarius" of man _combatting_. The passive
+and active forms of human labor.
+
+  _Eve_. Two phantasms of two men.
+  _Adam_. One that sustains,
+  And one that strives, so the ends
+  Of manhood's curse of labor.
+
+E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1851).
+
+A'QUILANT, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in Charlemagne's
+army. He was called "_black_," and his brother Gryphon "_white_" from
+the color of their armor.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+A'QUILINE (3 _syl_.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the
+wind.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, vii. (1575).
+
+(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with
+open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth
+prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the
+wondrous offspring."--See also Virgil, _Georgics_, in. 266-283.)
+
+AQUIN'IAN SAGE. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num,
+in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).
+
+ARABEL'LA, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel
+Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she
+confers both with right good will on captain Manly.--T. Knight, _The
+Honest Thieves_.
+
+ARA'BIA FE'LIX ("_Araby the blest_"). This name is a blunder made by
+British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India
+bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.
+
+ARA'BIAN BIRD (_The_), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one _sui
+generis_.
+
+  O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!
+
+Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act iii. sc. 2.
+
+ARACH'NE (3 _syl_.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachne's labors," spinning
+or weaving. Arachne was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to
+compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a
+spider.
+
+  No orifice for a point
+  As subtle as Arachne's broken woof
+  To enter.
+
+Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act v. sc. 2 (1602).
+
+ARAGNOL, the son of Arachne (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen,"
+turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to a contest
+in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against
+prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a curious
+net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound
+by piercing him under the left wing.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or The
+Butterfly's Fate_ (1590).
+
+ARAMIN'TA, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of
+Gripe the scrivener).--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+ARANZA (_The duke of_). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of
+Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after
+the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and
+pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives
+his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but
+firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke
+sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and
+reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of
+Aranza.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
+
+AR'APHIL or AR'APHILL, the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. His
+lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.
+
+ARAS'PES (3 _syl_.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARBA'CES (3 _syl_.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called _A King or
+no King_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
+
+ARBATE (2 _syl_.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Moliere's
+comedy _La Princesse d'Elide_ (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince
+of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis
+XIV., then 26 years of age.
+
+  Je dirai que l'amour sied bien a vos pareil ...
+  Et qu'il est malaise que, sans etre amoureux
+  Un jeune prince soit et grand et genereux.
+
+  Act i. 1.
+
+_Arbate_, in Racine's drama of _Mithridate_ (1673).
+
+AR'BITER EL'IGANTIAE. C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief
+of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was
+considered _comme il faut_ till it had received the sanction of this
+Roman _beau Brummel_.
+
+  Behold the new Petronius of the day,
+  The arbiter of pleasure and of play.
+
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scottish Reviewers_.
+
+ARBRE SOL foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of
+Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of
+Alexander.
+
+ARBUTUS, sturdy yeoman usually known as "Bute," in Bayard Taylor's
+novel _Hannah Thurston._ Rugged and sound as the New England granite
+underlying the farm he tills.
+
+ARC _(Joan of)_, or _Jeanne la Pucelle_, the "Maid of Orleans,"
+daughter of a rustic of Domremy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was
+servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France
+from the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was
+sent by him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in
+so doing. Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an
+elegy on her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire
+a burlesque.
+
+In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepiere, in his _Doute
+Historique_, denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at
+Rouen; and Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract
+of marriage between" Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc,
+surnamed "The Maid of Orleans."
+
+AR'CADES AMBO, both fools alike; both "sweet innocents;" both alike
+eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis
+(Virgil's _Eclogue_, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application
+of the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of
+their youth," and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for
+song or capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least
+intellectual part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce,
+and hence "Arcades ambo" received its present acceptation.
+
+ARCALA'US (4 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a
+pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his
+horse's bridle.--_Amadis de Gaul_ (fifteenth century).
+
+ARCA'NES (3 _syl_.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.)
+general of Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ARCHAN'GEL. Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the
+archangel that did battle with the devil."
+
+ARCHAS, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and general
+of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore.
+
+_Young Archas_, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes
+the name of Alinda.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_
+(1618).
+
+ARCHBSH'OP OF GRANA'DA told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired
+him,
+
+"Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius
+flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own
+judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy,
+Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace
+that "his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former
+ones." To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make
+proper distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better
+homily than that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to
+give you 100 ducats. Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of
+prosperity, with a little more taste."--Le-sage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 3
+(1715).
+
+AR'CHER (_Francis_), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in
+fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell
+marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the
+deeds and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman,
+who takes his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.--George
+Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707).
+
+ARCHIBALD (_John_), attendant on the duke of Argyle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+ARCHIMA'GO, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father of
+lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, he
+deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight
+himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's
+_Faery Queen._ The poet says:
+
+  ... he could take
+  As many forms and shapes in seeming wise
+  As ever Proteus to himself could make:
+  Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake,
+  Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell.
+
+Spenser, _The Faery Queen_, I. ii. 10 (1590).
+
+ARCHIMEDES, Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other great
+scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an
+abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he
+leaped out of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting,
+"_Eureka!_"
+
+AR'CHY M'SAR'CASM _(Sir)_, "a proud Caledonian knight, whose tongue,
+like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His insolence
+of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of every
+one" (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, "In the house of M'Sarcasm are
+two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two dukes,
+besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning" (i. 1). He makes love
+to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has lost
+her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters "frae
+the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ...
+expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi'
+onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house" (ii. 1).
+
+The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His
+abominable Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff,
+the roll of his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman
+laugh, his tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether--why, one
+might take him for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.--C. Macklin,
+_Love a-la-mode_, i. 1 (1779).
+
+_Sir Archy's Great-grandmother._ Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on
+fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The
+Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an ootcast,
+a mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus
+O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with
+his own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause
+of the contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, "Madam, it is
+about sir Archy's great-grandmother."--C. Macklin, _Love a-la-mode_,
+i. I (1779).
+
+We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's
+great-grandmother.--Maepherson, _Dissertation upon Ossian_.
+
+ARCHY'TAS of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and
+Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from
+Koenigsberg to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned
+whence it set out (1436-1476).
+
+This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which
+Archytas made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.--Dr.
+John Wilkins (1614-1672).
+
+AR'CITE (2 _syl_.) AND PAL'AMON, two Theban knights, captives of
+duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's
+sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell
+in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended
+for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being
+thrown from his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of
+Palamon.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).
+
+Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled _Palamon and
+Arcite_.
+
+AR'DEN _(Enoch)_, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a
+seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence
+of several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her
+both happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic
+peace, so leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart.
+
+AR'DEN OF FEV'ERSLIAM, a noble character, honorable, forgiving,
+affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him
+her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she
+will never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise
+when she plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned
+street-scuffle, Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws
+him off his guard. Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to
+his house, but Mosby conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his
+host during a game of draughts, the right moment being signified by
+Mosby's saying, "Now I take you." Arden is murdered; but the whole
+gang is apprehended and brought to justice.
+
+(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig
+Tieck has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of
+Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb
+gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is
+unknown.)
+
+AREOUS'KI, the Indian war-god, war, tumult.
+
+A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, i,
+16 (1809).
+
+ARETHU'SA, daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called
+_Philaster_ or _Love Lies a-bleeding_, by Beaumont and Fletcher
+(1638).
+
+_Arethusa_, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into
+a fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued
+her, and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, "like friends
+once parted grown single-hearted," they leap and flow and slumber
+together, "like spirits that love but live no more."
+
+[Illustration] This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by
+Percy B. Shelley (_Arethusa_, 1820).
+
+ARGALI'A, brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AR'GAN, the _malade imaginaire_ and father of Angelique. He is
+introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he
+cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices
+that he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is
+not so well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a
+young doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that
+Argan himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies
+he has not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is
+overruled by investing the "malade" in a doctor's cap and robe. The
+piece concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin.
+
+[Illustration] When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he
+ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, "Six, huit, dix, etc.,
+par les nombres pairs, comme dans les medicaments par les nombres
+impairs."--Moliere, _Le Malade Imaginaire_, ii. 9 (1673).
+
+ARGAN'TE (3 _syl_.), a giantess called "the very monster and miracle
+of lust." She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were the
+children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argante used to carry off young
+men as her captives, and seized "the Squire of Dames" as one of
+her victims. The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of
+chastity), was delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 _syl_.).--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, iii. 7 (1590).
+
+_Argante_' (2 _syl_.), father of Octave (2 _syl_.) and Zerbinette (3
+_syl_.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2
+_syl_.), the son of his friend Geronte (2 _syl_.); but during his
+absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their
+respective fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the
+engagement, but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that
+the choice of the young people has unknowingly coincided with their
+own.--Moliere, _Les Fourteries de Scapin_ (1671).
+
+(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called
+it _The Cheats of Scapin_. "Argante" he calls _Thrifty_; "Geronte" is
+_Gripe_; "Zerbinette" he calls _Lucia_; and "Leandre" he Anglicizes
+into _Leander_.)
+
+ARGAN'TES (3 _syl_.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted courage,
+but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argantes and Solyman
+were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. Argantes
+was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_ (1575).
+
+Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantes of Italy's
+heroic poet.--Sir Walter Scott.
+
+AR'GENIS, a political romance by Barclay (1621).
+
+AR'GENTILE (3 _syl_.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of Edel.
+Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in her
+house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. Edel,
+the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to flight,
+and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed and won
+her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and
+Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to
+death.--William Warner, _Albion's England_ (1586).
+
+AR'GENTIN _(Le sieur d_'), one of the officers of the duke of
+Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geiersiein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARGE'O, baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See _Dictionary of
+Phrase and Fable_.)--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ARGES'TES (3 _syl_.), the west wind.
+
+  Winged Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne,
+  Licensed that day to leave his dungeon,
+  Meekly attended.
+
+Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
+
+_Arges'tes_ (3 _syl_.), the north-east wind; Cae'cias, the north-west;
+Bo'reas, the full north.
+
+  Boreas and Caecias and Argestes loud
+  ... rend the woods, and seas upturn.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665).
+
+AR'GILLAN, a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the
+Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his
+escape, but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_, viii. ix. (1575).
+
+ARGON AND RURO, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an island
+of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the island, and
+asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the request, and
+overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he shot
+both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the hall,
+howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound,
+found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo
+had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in
+fight, and restored the daughter to her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of
+Inis-thona").
+
+ARGONAUTS, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of the
+golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their leader.
+
+_Argonauts (The)_. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought
+gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme
+of tales and ballads of the "Forty-niners."
+
+AR'GUS, the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871.
+
+ARGYLE _(Mac Callum More, duke of_), in the reign of George I.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (1818).
+
+_Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle_, in the reign of Charles I.,
+was commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called "Gillespie
+Grumach;" he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch
+Campbell.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (1819).
+
+(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the _Heart of
+Midlothian_, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.)
+
+ARIAD'NE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave Theseus
+a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. Theseus
+married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos _(Dia)_ forsook
+her, and she hung herself.
+
+Surely it is an Ariadne.... There is dawning womanhood in every line;
+but she knows nothing of Naxos.--Ouida, _Ariadne_, i. 1.
+
+AR'IBERT, king of the Lombards (653-661), left "no male pledge
+behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke
+Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter
+of As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not
+known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+ARIDEUS _[A.ree'.de.us]_, a herald in the Christian army.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+A'RIEL, in _The Tempest_, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape,
+or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax,
+mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment
+for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve
+years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture
+him with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of
+Miranda, liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit
+served the duke for sixteen years, when he was set free.
+
+  And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree,
+  For its freedom groans and sighs.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_.
+
+_A'riel_, the sylph in Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. The impersonation
+of "fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and
+necklaces. When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over
+the fumes of the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with
+pomatums, or wedged in the eyes of bodkins.
+
+_A'riel_, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God."
+Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_,
+vi. 371 (1665).
+
+ARIELLA, an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his wife,
+in _Come Forth_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. Her
+name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for
+nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891).
+
+ARIMAN'ES (4 _syl_.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced by
+Byron in his drama called _Manfred_. The Persians recognized a power
+of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman
+(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at
+war with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and
+enclosed them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanes; but
+Arimanes pierced the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good.
+However, a time will come when Arimanes shall be subjected, and the
+earth will become a perfect paradise.
+
+ARIMAS'PIANS, a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair
+with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were
+perpetual contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See
+GRYPHON.)
+
+  Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte
+  media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse
+  circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere,
+  quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis
+  aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus,
+  et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime
+  illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.--Pliny,
+  _Nat. Hist._ vii. 2.
+
+AR'IOCH ("_a fierce lion_"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by
+Abdiel.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, vi. 371 (1665).
+
+ARIODAN'TES (5 _syl_.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess.
+Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantes stood forth her
+champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+ARI'ON. William Falconer, author of _The Shipwreck_, speaks of himself
+under this _nom de plume_ (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a lad,
+and says he was eager to investigate the "antiquities of foreign
+states." He was junior officer in the _Britannia_, which was wrecked
+against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point
+of Attica, and was the only officer who survived.
+
+  Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale
+  O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail.
+  Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Ari'on_, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his
+wealth, threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tae'naros on the
+back of a dolphin.
+
+_Ari'on_, the wonderful horse which Hercules gave to Adrastos. It had
+the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet
+of a man.
+
+(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_ is called "Arion.")
+
+ARIO'STO OF THE NORTH, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).
+
+  And, like the Ariosto of the North,
+  Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth.
+
+Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 40.
+
+ARISTAE'US, protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He
+instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his
+mother Cyrene.
+
+  In such a palace Aristaeus found
+  Cyrene, when he bore the plaintive tale
+  Of his lost bees to her maternal ear.
+  Cowper, _The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia_.
+
+ARISTAR'CHUS, any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the greatest
+critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the _Iliad_
+and _Odyssey_ of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books each,
+marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he considered
+especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died aged 72.)
+
+The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There,
+sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at
+pleasure.--Samuel Foote, _The Liar_, i. 1.
+
+"How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [_the homily_] met
+with any Aristarchus [_severe critic_]?"--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 4
+(1715).
+
+ARISTE (2 _syl_.), brother of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), not a _savant_,
+but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly
+niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 _syl_.) and her
+daughter Armande (2 _syl_.), who _femmes savantes_.--Moliere, _Les
+Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+ARISTE'AS, a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately
+for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the
+earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.--_Greek
+Legend_.
+
+ARISTI'DES (_The British_), Andrew Marvell, an influential member of
+the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every
+offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord
+treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristides, at
+the public expense (1620-1678).
+
+ARISTIP'POS, a Greek philosopher of Cyre'ne, who studied under
+Soc'rates, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called
+"he'donism" (_[Greek: aedonae]_ "pleasure").
+
+[Illustration] C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called
+_Aristippus_, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this
+Cyrenian (1733-1813).
+
+An axiom of Aristippos was _Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status,
+et res_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was _Mihi
+res, non me rebus subjungere_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. I, 18).
+
+I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to
+company and solitude, to affluence and frugality.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_,
+v. 12 (1715).
+
+ARISTOBU'LUS, called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (_Rom._ xvi. 10), and
+said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of
+salvation." He was murdered by the Britons.
+
+  The first that ever told Christ crucified to us,
+  By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ...
+  By the Britons murdered was.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ARISTOM'ENES (5 _syl_.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the
+"Cid" of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night
+to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were
+inscribed these words: "Aristomenes from the Spartan spoils dedicates
+this to the goddess."
+
+[Illustration] A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar,
+when serving under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With
+fifteen companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors,
+and nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a
+tablet inscribed "Ave Maria!" then galloped back, before the guards
+recovered from their amazement.--Washington Irving, _Conquest of
+Granada_, 91.
+
+ARISTOPH'ANES (5 _syl_.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies,
+eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is
+called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menander "The Prince of New
+Comedy" (B.C. 342-291).
+
+_The English_ or _Modern Aristophanes_, Samuel Foote (1722-1777).
+
+_The French Aristophanes_, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Moliere
+(1622-1673).
+
+ARISTOTLE. The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato,
+Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium.
+
+_Aristotle of China_, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince
+of Science."
+
+_Aristotle of Christianity_, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the
+doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulae (1224-1274).
+
+_Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century_, George Cuvier, the naturalist
+(1769-1832).
+
+AR'ISTOTLE IN LOVE. Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that
+Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to
+listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being
+readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then,
+putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him
+about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was
+quite cured of his foolish attachment.--Stephen Hawes, _The Pastime of
+Plesure_, xxix. (1555).
+
+ARMADALE (_Allan_), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and
+ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first
+to Miss Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her
+governess, again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.--Wilkie
+Collins, _Armadale_.
+
+ARMADO (_Don Adriano de_), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called "a
+refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had
+a mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain
+tongue did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of
+Navarre, when he resolved to spend three years in study with three
+companions, to relate in the interim of his studies "in high-born
+words the worth of many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's
+debate."
+
+His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his
+eye ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain,
+ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his
+verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.--Shakespeare, _Love's
+Labor's Lost_, act v. sc. 1 (1594).
+
+ARMANDE (2 _syl_.), daughter of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), and sister of
+Henriette. Armande is a _femme savante_, and Henriette a "thorough
+woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while
+Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the
+younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries
+her.--Moliere, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+ARMI'DA, a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from
+the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid
+palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual
+joys. Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from
+Armida; but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back
+again, sets fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight,
+and is slain.
+
+  [Julia's] small hand
+  Withdrew itself from his, but left behind
+  A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand
+  Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art,
+  Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 71.
+
+When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in
+military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the
+latter wittily said, "She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to
+her own palace."
+
+(Both Glueck and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject
+of an opera.)
+
+_Armida's Girdle_. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, "in price
+and beauty," surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of
+Venus was less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be
+loved, she wore the same."--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARM'STRONG (_John_), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of
+Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley
+of Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the
+English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Laird's Jock_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Armstrong (Grace)_, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the
+heugh-foot, a young farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time,
+Anne).
+
+_Armstrong (Archie)_, court jester to James I., introduced in _The
+Fortunes of Nigel_, by Sir Walter Scott (1822).
+
+AR'NAUT, an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man."
+
+Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, _The Giaour_, 526.
+
+ARNHEIM (2 _syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein's
+grandfather.
+
+_Sibilla of Arnheim_, Anne's mother.
+
+_The baroness of Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of
+Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARNOLD, the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness.
+Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger
+accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes
+best. He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he
+joins the besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters
+St. Peter's of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud
+beauty, to prevent being taken captive by him, flings herself from the
+high altar on the pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As
+the drama was never completed, the sequel is not known.--Byron, _The
+Deformed Transformed_.
+
+_Ar'nold_, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+_Ar'nold_ of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called
+"Ginks."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar's Bush_ (1622).
+
+ARNOLD BRINKWORTH, frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and
+betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who
+has betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he
+is the bearer of a message to her from _Geoffrey Delamayne_, and
+is mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself
+married by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.--Wilkie
+Collins, _Man and Wife_.
+
+ARNOL'DO, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of
+Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 _syl._), sister of
+Gessler, the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of
+Gessler drove the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents,
+but after the death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had
+saved when it was imperilled by an avalanche.--Rossini, _Guglielmo
+Tell_ (1829).
+
+_Arnol'do_, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady,
+dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+AR'NOLPHE (2 _syl._), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the
+proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on
+Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to
+make his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in
+a country convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of
+society are wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes
+treats men like school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them,
+and plays with them. Being told by her guardian that married women
+have more freedom than maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a
+young man named Horace falls in love with her, and makes her his
+wife, so Arnolphe, after all, profits nothing by his pains.--Moliere,
+_L'Ecole des Femmes_ (1662).
+
+  Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique
+  Je le fis elever selon ma politique
+  C'est-a-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit
+  Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit.
+  Act i. I.
+
+AR'NOT (_Andrew_), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic
+Lesly].--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+ARON'TEUS (4 _syl._), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian
+armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARPA'SIA, the betrothed of Mone'ses, a Greek, but made by constraint
+the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded Moneses
+to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her into
+subjection, but she died at the sight.--N. Eowe, _Tamerlane_ (1702).
+
+AR'ROT, the weasel in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+ARROW-HEAD, Indian warrior in Cooper's _Pathfinder_, the husband of
+Dew-in-June (1840).
+
+ARROW-MAKER, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's _Hiawatha_ (1855).
+
+AR'SACES (3 _syl._), the patronymic name of the Persian kings,
+from Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some
+distinctive name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name
+of Caesar to their own.
+
+  Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt
+  ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine
+  nuncupent.--Justin, _Historiarae Philippicae_, xli.
+
+ARSE'TES (3 _syl._), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and
+attended on her.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ARSINOE, prude in Moliere's comedy _Le Misanthrope_.
+
+AR'TAMENES (3 _syl_.) or LE GRAND CYRUS, a "long-winded romance," by
+Mdlle. Scuderi (1607-1701).
+
+ARTAXAM'INOUS, king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he wishes
+to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to general
+Bombastes, and when the general finds that his "fond one" prefers
+"half a crown" to himself, he hates all the world, and challenges the
+whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and daring any one
+to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the challenge,
+and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastes falls on his majesty, and
+"kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, at the close
+of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the audience
+likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_.
+
+AR'TEGAL OR ARTHEGAL (_Sir_), son of Gorlois prince of Cornwall,
+stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland.
+Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with
+him. She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from
+whom (through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The
+wanderings of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation
+of chastity, is the subject of bk. iii. of the _Faery Queen_; and the
+achievements of sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the
+subject of bk. v.
+
+Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living
+woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment
+respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to
+destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third
+was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3).
+He had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea
+belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of
+the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen
+of the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who
+killed Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the
+deliverance of Ire'na _(Ireland)_ from Grantorto _(rebellion)_, whom
+he slew (canto 12).
+
+N.B.--This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580.
+Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards.
+
+[Illustration] "Sir Artegal" is meant for lord Gray of Wilton,
+Spenser's friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant,
+and the poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart
+means that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or
+perfect integrity of conduct.--Spenser's _Faery Queen_, v. (1596).
+
+ARTEMIS'IA, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five
+ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly
+distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and
+courage. (This is _not_ the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.)
+
+  Our statues ... she
+  The foundress of the Babylonian wall _[Semirfa-mis]_;
+  The Carian Artemisia strong in war.
+
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+_Artemis'ia_, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus.
+Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal
+husband raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which
+was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four
+different architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leochares, and Bruxis.
+
+
+  This made the four rare masters which began
+  Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb
+  (When death took her before the work was done,
+  And so bereft them of all hopes to come),
+  That they would yet their own work perfect make
+  E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake.
+
+
+Lord Brooke, _An Inquiry upon Fame, etc_. (1554-1628).
+
+ARTEMUS WARD, travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures and
+sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the history
+of American dialect literature (1862).
+
+ARTFUL DODGER, the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up
+to every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.--Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+ARTHGALLO, a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his
+predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was
+swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother
+El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.--Geoffrey, _British
+History_, iii. 17 (1142).
+
+ARTHUR (_King_), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, and
+his mother Ygerne (3 _syl_.), widow of Gorlois duke of Cornwall. But
+Ygerne had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke
+was dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not
+consummated till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born
+Merlin took him, and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector
+(Tennyson says "sir Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce
+him as the lawful successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived
+two years after his marriage with Ygerne.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 6 (1470).
+
+  Wherefore Merlin took the child
+  And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight
+  And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife
+  Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own.
+  Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.
+
+_Coming of Arthur_. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl._),
+appealed to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers
+and wild beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to
+Leodogran, to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To
+this Leodogran, after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot
+was sent to escort the lady to Arthur's court.
+
+_Arthur not dead_. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but
+rests in Glastonbury, "till he shall come again full twice as fair, to
+rule over his people." (See BARBAROSSA.)
+
+According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a
+raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again
+in his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this
+reason there is never a raven killed in England.--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, I ii. 5 (1605).
+
+_Arthur's Twelve Battles_ (or victories over the Saxons). I. The
+battle of the river Glem (_i.e._ the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5.
+The four battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the
+Ribble). 6. The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which
+joins the Ribble near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to
+be Tweeddale. 8. The battle of Castle Gwenion (_i.e._ Caer Wen, in
+Wedale, Stow). 9. The battle of Caerleon, _i.e._ Carlisle; which
+Tennyson makes to be Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath
+Treroit, in Anglesey, some say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of
+Agned Cathregonion (_i.e._ Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill
+(_i.e._ the Hill of Bath, now Bannerdown).
+
+Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he
+[_Arthur_] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv.
+(1612).
+
+_Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies_. Three were Gentiles: Hector,
+Alexander, and Julius Caesar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas
+Maccabaeus; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of
+Bouillon.
+
+_Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother_, sir Ector and his lady. Their
+son, sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.--Sir
+T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 8 (1470).
+
+N.B.--Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur.
+
+_Arthur's Butler_, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir
+Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of
+the service."--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 8 (1470).
+
+_Arthur's Sisters_ [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king
+Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the
+"great clark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of
+Core, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same
+mother (Ygraine or Ygerne) as the king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 2.
+
+_Arthur's Sons_--Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors,
+daughter of the earl Sanam.--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15.
+Mordred was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some
+of the romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of
+Morgause and Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot,
+and sister of Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of
+Mordred's hatred of Arthur.--Pt. i. 17, 36, etc.
+
+_Arthur's Drinking-Horn_. No one could drink from this horn who was
+either unchaste or unfaithful.--_Lai du Corn_ and _Morte d'Arthur_.
+(See CHASTITY.)
+
+_Arthur's Shield_, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was
+adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.--_British History_, ix. 4
+(1142).
+
+_Arthur's Spear_, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of
+ebony.--_British History_, ix. 4 (1142).
+
+  His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten.
+  Layamon. _Brut_, (twelfth century).
+
+_Arthur's Sword_, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it
+Caliburn, and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.--_British
+History_, ix. 4 (1142).
+
+  The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour,
+  The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble
+  spear,
+  With Pridwin, his great shield.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+_Arthur's Round Table_. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were
+reserved, two for honor, and one (called the "siege perilous") for sir
+Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one
+else attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty.
+
+[Illustration] There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry
+VIII. showed it to Francois I. as the very table made by Merlin for
+Uther the pendragon.
+
+  And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester
+  prefers,
+  Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be
+  hers.
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+_Arthur_ (_King_), in the burlesque opera of
+
+_Tom Thumb_, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his
+daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was
+produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of _Midas_,
+about half a century later.
+
+ARTHURIAN ROMANCES.
+
+_King Arthur and the Round Table_, a romance in verse (1096).
+
+_The Holy Graal_ (in verse, 1100).
+
+_Titurel_, or _The Guardian of the Holy Graal_, by Wolfram von
+Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for
+the holy graal.
+
+_The Romance of Parzival_, prince of the race of the kings of
+Graalburg. By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written
+about 1205) was partly founded upon a French poem by Chretien de
+Troyes, _Parceval le Gallois_ (1170).
+
+_Launcelot of the Lake_, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with
+William Rufus.
+
+_Wigalois_, or _The Knight of the Wheel_, by Wirnd of Graffenberg.
+This adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his
+father, a knight of the Round Table.
+
+_I'wain_, or _The Knight of the Lion_, and _Ereck_, by Hartmann von
+der Aue (thirteenth century).
+
+_Tristan and Yseult_ (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg
+(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose
+romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by
+Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the _Romance of
+Tristram_.
+
+_Merlyn Ambroise_, by Robert de Borron.
+
+_Roman des diverses Quetes de St. Graal_, by Walter Mapes (prose).
+
+_La Morte d'Arthur_, by Walter Mapes.
+
+_A Life of Joseph of Arimathea_, by Robert de Borron.
+
+_The Idylls of the King_, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing "The
+Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "Geraint and Enid," "Merlin
+and Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Graal," "Peleas and
+Ettarre" (2 _syl._), "The Last Tournament," "Guinevere" (3 _syl._)
+and "The Passing of Arthur," which is the "Morte d'Arthur" with an
+introduction added to it.
+
+(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into
+English by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the
+early history of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and
+Linet; part ii. contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii.
+the adventures of sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his
+knights. Sir Frederick Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the
+same series of legends.)
+
+[Illustration] _Sources of the Arthurian Romances_. The prose series
+of romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary
+chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as _De Excidio
+Britanniae_ of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century).
+3. The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter,
+archdeacon of Oxford. 4. The _Chronicon sive Historia Britonum_ of
+Geoffrey of Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and
+romances. (See CHARLEMAGNE.)
+
+AR'THURET _(Miss Seraphina_ the papist and _Miss Angelica_), two
+sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called _Redgauntlet_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+ARTHUR KAVANAGH, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed
+"with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John," who writes on his
+study-door Dante's injunction--
+
+Think that To-day will never dawn again. _Kavanagh. A Tale_, by H.W.
+Longfellow (1872).
+
+ARTHUR LIVINGSTON, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in love,
+at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of _Kismet_
+by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877).
+
+ARTHUR RIPLEY, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case
+that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry
+Harland) novel, _Mrs. Peixada_ (1886).
+
+AR'TURO (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra "the
+puritan," daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the
+wedding, Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles
+I._) in her escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival,
+temporarily loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the
+circumstances, and they vow never more to part. At this juncture
+Arturo is arrested for treason, and led away to execution; but a
+herald announces the defeat of the Stuarts, and free pardon of all
+political offenders, whereupon Arturo is released, and marries "the
+fair puritan."--Bellini's opera, _I Puritani_ (1834).
+
+_Ar'turo_ [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera
+of _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See HAYSTON.)
+
+AR'VALAN, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for attempting
+to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 _syl._). After this, his spirit
+became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness and
+chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to
+the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the
+witch Lor'rimite (3 _syl._) to carry her off; but when the dragons
+came in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went
+perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of
+perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of
+Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden
+waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from
+the submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue.
+
+  "Help, help, Kehama! help!" he cried.
+  But Baly tarried not to abide
+  That mightier power. With irresistible feet
+  He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide,
+  And gave him way to his own judgment-seat.
+  Down like a plummet to the world below
+  He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvii. 12 (1809).
+
+ARVI'DA (_Prince_), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida and
+Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king
+of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but
+when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the
+nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to
+betray his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the
+love of Christina.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+ARVIR'AGUS, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her love,
+but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit till
+the rocks that beset the coast were removed, "and there n'is no stone
+y-seen." By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the
+coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should
+keep her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that
+she had come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would
+rather die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and
+Gilberto_, day x. 5. See DIANORA.)
+
+_Arvir'agus_, younger son of Cym'beline (3 _syl._) king of Britain,
+and brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped
+by Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were
+brought up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood,
+Belarius, having rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to
+favor. He then introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told
+their story, upon which the king was rejoiced to find that his two
+sons whom he thought dead were both living.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_
+(1605).
+
+ARYAN LANGUAGES (_The_)--
+
+  1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee.
+  2. Zend, whence Persian.
+  3. Greek, whence Romaic.
+  4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian
+  (_Romance_).
+  5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic.
+  6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian.
+  7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian.
+
+AS YOU LIKE IT, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes,
+being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain
+followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy
+life, chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one
+daughter, named Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the
+companion of his own daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very
+fond of each other. At a wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with
+Orlando, who threw his antagonist, a giant and professional athlete.
+The usurping duke (Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her
+cousin Celia resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's
+clothes (under the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden
+(under the name of Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando
+being driven from home by his elder brother, also went to the forest
+of Arden, and was taken under the duke's protection. Here he met
+the ladies, and a double marriage was the result--Orlando married
+Rosalind, and his elder brother Oliver married Celia. The usurper
+retired to a religious house, and the deposed duke was restored to his
+dominions.--(1598.)
+
+ASAPH. So Tate calls Dryden in _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+
+  While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast,
+  The song of Asaph and his fame shall last.
+
+  Part ii.
+
+_Asaph (St.)_ a British [_i.e. Welsh_] monk of the sixth century,
+abbot of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of
+him.
+
+  So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be:
+  As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+ASCAL'APHOS, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling and
+trying to make mischief.--_Greek Fable_.
+
+ASCA'NIO, son of don Henrique (2 _syl._), in the comedy called _The
+Spanish Curate_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).
+
+AS'CAPART or AS'CUPART, an enormous giant, thirty feet high, who
+carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his
+steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his
+slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city
+gates of Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would
+have enabled him to enact "Colbrand," "Ascapart," or any other giant
+of romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the
+altitude of a chopin.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+  Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw
+  Charing Cross for a bar.
+
+  Dr. Donne (1573-1631).
+
+Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)--
+
+  Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss
+  For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross.
+
+ASCRAE'AN SAGE, or _Ascraean poet_, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in
+Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him "The Old Ascraean."
+
+  Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musae
+  Ascraeo quos ante seni.
+
+  _Ecl._ vii. 70.
+
+AS'EBIE (3 _syl_.), Irreligion personified in _The Purple Island_
+(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros
+(_idolatry_), Phar'makeus (3 _syl_.) (_witchcraft_), Haeret'icus,
+and Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, _asebeia_,
+"impiety.")
+
+ASEL'GES (3 _syl_.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four
+sons of Anag'nus (_inchastity_), his three brothers being Maechus
+(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), and Acath'arus. Seeing
+his brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (_maidenly
+chastity_), Aselges rushes forward to avenge his death, but the
+martial maid caught him with her spear, and tossed him so high i'
+the air "that he hardly knew whither his course was bent." (Greek,
+_aselges_, "intemperate, wanton.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple
+Island_, xi. (1633).
+
+AS'EN, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to
+the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the
+Scandinavian deities generally.
+
+ASHBURTON (_Mary_), heroine of _Hyperion_, by H.W. Longfellow (1839).
+
+ASH'FIELD (_Farmer_), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted,
+noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his
+daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is
+"Behave pratty," and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter
+Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy.
+
+_Dame Ashfield_, the farmer's wife, whose _bete noire_ is a
+neighboring farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what
+Mrs. Grundy will think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel
+too.
+
+_Susan Ashfield_, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.--Thom. Morton,
+_Speed the Plough_ (1764-1838).
+
+ASH'FORD (_Isaac_), "a wise, good man, contented to be poor."--Crabbe,
+_Parish Register_ (1807).
+
+ASHPENAZ, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the
+Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to
+be at once feared and despised.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by
+Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890).
+
+ASH'TAROTH, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See ASTORETH.)
+
+  [_They_] had general names
+  Of Baaelim and Ashtaroth: those male,
+  These feminine.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665).
+
+ASH'TON (_Sir William_), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of
+Lucy Ashton.
+
+_Lady Eleanor Ashton_, wife of sir William.
+
+_Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton_, eldest son of sir William.
+
+_Lucy Ashton_, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master
+of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of
+Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes
+insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride
+of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called
+_Lucia di Lammermoor_, 1835.)
+
+ASIA, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the
+daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses;
+but she was taken alive into paradise.--Sale, _Al Koran_, xx., note,
+and Ixvi., note.
+
+Mahomet says, "Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of
+Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife;
+and Fatima, his own daughter."
+
+AS'IR, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology--Odin, Thor,
+Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and
+Forseti.
+
+Sometimes the goddesses--Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked
+among the Asir also.
+
+AS'MADAI (3 _syl.)_ the same as As-mode'us _(4 syl.)_ the lustful and
+destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands _(Tobit_ iii.
+8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by Uriel
+and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means "the _destroyer_."--_Paradise
+Lost_, vi 365 (1665).
+
+ASMODE'US _(4 syl.)_, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the
+Talmud "king of the devils." As "dress" is one of the bitterest evils
+of modern life, it is termed "the Asmodeus of domestic peace," a
+phrase employed to express any "skeleton" in the house of a private
+family.
+
+In the book of _Tobit_ Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of
+Rag'uel, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on
+his bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven
+into Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on
+perfumed ashes.
+
+(Milton throws the accent on the third syl., Tennyson on the second.)
+
+  Better pleased
+  Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 168.
+
+  Abaddon and Asmodeus caught at me.
+
+Tennyson, _St. Simeon Stylites_.
+
+_Asmode'us_, a "diable bon-homme," with more gaiety than malice; not
+the least like Mephistopheles. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom
+he carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where
+they see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen.
+Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness,
+and playful malice, we never forget the fiend.--Le Sage, _Le Diable
+Boiteux_.
+
+(Such was the popularity of the _Diable Boiteux_, that two young men
+fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an
+incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.)
+
+Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as
+Asmodeus would present could he remove the roof of many an English
+home.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+ASO'TUS, Prodigality personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by
+Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _asotos_, "a
+profligate.")
+
+ASPA'TIA, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness.
+She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's
+request, marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). "Women point with scorn at the
+forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of
+her speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event
+which gives name to the drama."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's
+Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+AS'PRAMONTE (3 _syl_.), in Sir W. Scott's _Count Robert of Paris_
+(time, Rufus).
+
+  _The old knight_, father of _Brenhilda_.
+  _The lady of Aspramonte_, the knight's wife.
+  _Brenhilda of Aspramonte_, their daughter, wife of count Robert.
+
+AS'RAEL or AZ'RAEL, an angel of death. He is immeasurable in height,
+insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days'
+journey.--_Mohammedan Mythology_.
+
+AS'SAD, son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 _syl_.), and
+half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the
+two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the
+young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of
+gross designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to
+put them both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out
+of the city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom
+(the island of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went
+to a city in sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an
+old fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a
+dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the "mountain
+of fire." The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of
+queen Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured
+was carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old
+man's daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long
+Assad married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married
+Bostana.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+ASTAG'ORAS, a female fiend, who has the power of raising
+storms.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ASTAR'TE (3 _syl_.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of the
+Syrians.
+
+  With these
+  Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
+  Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
+
+_As'tarte_ (2 _syl_.), an attendant on the princess Anna
+Comne'na.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Eufus).
+
+_Astarte_ a woman, beloved by Manfred.--Byron, _Manfred_.
+
+We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,--guilty, lost,
+murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to
+earth, speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale
+with mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and
+innocence, but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of
+a ghost, with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death,
+judgment, and eternity.--Professor Wilson.
+
+  The lady Astarte his? Hush! who
+  comes here? (iii. 4.)
+  ...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.)
+
+AS'TERY, a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and most
+active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs,
+bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus,
+in a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the
+flowers into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings
+of many gay colors.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate_
+(1590).
+
+ASTOL'PHO, the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He was
+a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly
+handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a
+whale; and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle
+tree, but Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the
+infernal regions; he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his
+madness by bringing back his lost wits in a phial.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+AS'TON _(Sir Jacob)_, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of
+the partisans of the late king.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (period,
+Commonwealth).
+
+_As'ton (Enrico)._ So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of
+_Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See ASHTON.)
+
+AS'TORAX, king of Paphos and brother of the princess Calis.--Beaumont
+and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (before 1618).
+
+AS'TORETH, the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by Jeremiah,
+"The Queen of Heaven," and by the Phoenicians, "Astar'te."
+
+  With these [_the host of heaven_] in troop
+  Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
+  Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
+
+(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and
+Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the "mooned Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and
+mother.")
+
+AS'TRAGON, the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert and
+his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight
+stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and
+museum. One room was called "Great Nature's Office," another "Nature's
+Nursery," and the library was called "The Monument of Vanished Mind."
+Astragon (the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in
+navigation. He had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and
+to whom she was promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the
+sequel is not known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+ASTRE'A _(Mrs. Alphra Behn_), an authoress. She published the story of
+_Prince Oroonoka_ (died 1689).
+
+The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope.
+
+ASTRINGER, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in _All's
+Well that Ends Well_, act v. sc. 1. (From the French _austour_,
+Latin _austercus_, "a goshawk.") A "gentle astringer" is a gentleman
+falconer.
+
+We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk]
+an austringer.--Cowell, _Law Dictionary_.
+
+AS'TRO-FIAMMAN'TE (5 _syl_.), queen of the night. The word means
+"flaming star."--Mozart, _Die Zauberfloete_ (1791).
+
+ASTRONOMER (_The_), in _Rasselas_, an old enthusiast, who believed
+himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves
+Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the
+constituted order.
+
+"I have possessed," said he to Imlac, "for five years the regulation
+of the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has
+listened to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my
+direction; the clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the
+Nile has overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the
+Dog-star, and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ...
+have hitherto refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings
+to whom this trust has been imparted."--Dr. Johnson, _Rasselas_,
+xli.--xliii. (1759).
+
+AS'TROPHEL (_Sir Philip Sidney_). "Phil. Sid." may be a contraction
+of _philos sidus_, and the Latin _sidus_ being changed to the Greek
+_astron_, we get _astron philos_ ("star-lover"). The "star" he loved
+was Penelope Devereux, whom he calls _Stella_ ("star"), and to whom he
+was betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called _Astrophel_, to the memory
+of Sir Philip Sidney.
+
+  But while as Astrophel did live and reign,
+  Amongst all swains was none his paragon.
+
+  Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+ASTYN'OME (4 _syl_.) or CHRYSEIS, daughter of Chryses priest of
+Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynome fell to the share of
+Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her.
+Agamemnon refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of
+his patron god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This
+was the cause of contention between Agamemnon and Achilles, and forms
+the subject of Homer's epic called _The Iliad_.
+
+AS'WAD, son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel of
+death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy
+to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it
+might serve its master on the day of resurrection.--Southey, _Thalaba
+the Destroyer_ (1797).
+
+ATABA'LIPA, the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the Spanish
+general. Milton refers to him in _Paradise Lost_, xi. 409 (1665).
+
+AT'ALA, the name of a novel by Francois Auguste Chateaubriand. Atala,
+the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an oath
+of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a young
+Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to break
+her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm (1801).
+
+(This has nothing to do with _Attila_, king of the Huns, nor with
+_Atlialie_ (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.)
+
+ATALANTA, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave out
+that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running;
+but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his
+life. Hippom'enes won the race by throwing down golden apples, which
+Atalanta kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for
+one of his tales in _Earthly Paradise_ (March).
+
+In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.--Comtesse D'Aunoy,
+_Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio," 1682).
+
+_Atalanta_, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem
+after AEschylus _Atalanta in Calydon_ (1864).
+
+ATALI'BA, the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on
+whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca--
+
+The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his
+people and the benign regard of heaven.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_; ii. 4
+(from Kotzebue),(1799).
+
+Ate (2 _syl_.), goddess of revenge.
+
+With him along is come the mother queen. An Ate, stirring him to blood
+and strife. Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596).
+
+_Ate_ (2 _syl_.), "mother of debate and all dissension," the friend of
+Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the
+best of beings. Her abode, "far under ground hard by the gates of
+hell," is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was
+challenged by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were
+that the conqueror should have "Florimel," and the other "the old hag
+Ate," who was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to
+another.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+ATH'ALIE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of Joram
+king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of David;
+but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king.
+Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was
+killed by the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's
+_chef-d'oeuvre_ (1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part.
+
+(Racine's tragedy of _Athalie_, queen of Judah, must not be confounded
+with Corneille's tragedy of _Attila_, king of the Huns.)
+
+ATHEIST'S TRAGEDY (_The_), by Cyril Tourneur. The "atheist"
+is D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his
+estates.--(Seventeenth century.)
+
+ATH'ELSTANE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "The Unready," thane of
+Coningsburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+[Illustration] "Unready" does not mean _unprepared_ but _injudicious_
+(from Anglo-Saxon _raed_, "wisdom, counsel").
+
+ATHE'NA (_Pallas_) once meant "the air," but in Homer this goddess is
+the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed
+protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva.
+
+ATHE'NIAN BEE, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his
+composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an
+infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that "honeyed words" would
+fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophocles is called "The
+Attic Bee."
+
+ATH'LIOT, the most wretched of all women.
+
+  Her comfort is (if for her any be),
+  That none can show more cause of grief than she.
+
+  Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
+
+ATH'OS. Dinoc'rates, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount
+Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in
+his left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters
+which flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the
+suggestion, but objected to the locality.
+
+  And hew out a huge mountain of pathos,
+  As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 86.
+
+AT'IMUS, Baseness of Mind personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633),
+by Phineas Fletcher. "A careless, idle swain ... his work to eat,
+drink, sleep, and purge his reins." Fully described in canto viii.
+(Greek, _atimos_, "one dishonored.")
+
+A'TIN (_Strife_), the squire of Pyr'ochles.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_,
+ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590).
+
+ATOS'SA. So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she was
+the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho.
+
+  But what are these to great Atossa's mind?
+
+  Pope.
+
+(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally
+understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old
+Testament.)
+
+AT'ROPOS, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of life
+with a pair of scissors.
+
+  ... nor shines the knife,
+  Nor shears of Atropos before their vision.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 64.
+
+ATTIC BEE _(The)_, Soph'ocles (B.C. 495-405). Plato is called "The
+Athenian Bee."
+
+ATTIC BOY _(The)_, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, is
+Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to
+Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting.
+
+  Till civil-suited Morn appear,
+  Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont
+  With the Attic boy to hunt,
+  But kerchiefed in a comely cloud.
+  _II Penseroso_ (1638).
+
+ATTIC MUSE _(The)_, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic
+poetry.
+
+ATTICUS. The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero,
+given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His biography
+is found in Nepor.
+
+_The English Atticus_. Joseph Addison.
+
+  Who but must laugh if such a man there be.
+  Who would not weep if Atticus were he?
+  Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_.
+
+AT'TILA, one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king of
+the Huns, usually called "The Scourge of God," must not be confounded
+with "Athalie," daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject
+and title of Racine's _ches-d'oeuvre_, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief
+character.
+
+AUBERT _(Therese)_, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name
+(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in
+the French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female
+apparel to escape detection.
+
+AUBREY, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he
+committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a
+merchant, and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of
+eighteen years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and
+his daughter had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection
+with Mr. Mortimer.
+
+_Augusta Aubrey_, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel,
+the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the
+vulgar Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord
+Abberville, but after passing through many a most painful visitation,
+she is happily married to the man of her choice.--Cumberland, _The
+Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+AUBRI'S DOG showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de Macaire,
+snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now Aubri
+had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this
+animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire.
+Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by
+whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be
+the murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.)
+
+Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu a Paris, dans l'ile
+Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien
+anterieur, car il est mentionne des le siecle precedent par Alberic
+des Trois-Fontaines.--Bouillet, _Dict. Universel, etc._
+
+AUCHTERMUCHTY (_John_), the Kinross carrier.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AUDHUMBLA, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied him
+with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew
+from the rocks.--_Scandinavian Mythology_.
+
+AUDREY, a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is an
+excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that
+"she is foul," and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks
+the gods also that "she is not poetical."--Shakespeare, _As You Like
+It_ (1598).
+
+  The character of "Audrey," that of a female
+  fool, should not have been assumed [_i.e._ by Miss
+  Pope, in her last appearance in public]; the last
+  line of the farewell address was, "And now poor
+  Audrey bids you all farewell" (May 26, 1808).--
+  James Smith, _Memoirs, etc._ (1840).
+
+AUGUSTA, mother of Gustavus Vasa. She is a prisoner of Christian II.
+king of Denmark, but the king promises to set her free if she will
+induce her son to submission. Augusta refuses, but in the war which
+follows, Gustavus defeats Christian, and becomes king of Sweden.--H.
+Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+_Augusta_, a title conferred by the Roman emperors on their wives,
+sisters, daughters, mothers, and even concubines. It had to be
+conferred; for even the wife of an Augustus was not an Augusta until
+after her coronation.
+
+1. EMPRESSES. Livia and Julia were both _Augusta_; so were Julia
+(wife of Tiberius), Messalina, Agrippina, Octavia, Poppaea, Statilia,
+Sabina, Domitilla, Domitia, and Faustina. In imperials the wife of an
+emperor is spoken of as _Augusta: Serenissima Augusta conjux nostra;
+Divina Augusta_, etc. But the title had to be conferred; hence we
+read, "Domitian uxorem suam _Augustam_ jussit nuncupari;" and "Flavia
+Titiana, eadem die, uxor ejus [_i.e._ Pertinax] _Augusta_ est
+appellata."
+
+2. MOTHERS or GRANDMOTHERS. Antonia, grandmother of Caligula, was
+created _Augusta_. Claudius made his mother Antonia _Augusta_ after
+her death. Heliogabalus had coins inscribed with "Julia Maesa
+_Augusta_," in honor of his grandmother;
+
+Mammaea, mother of Alexander Severus, is styled _Augusta_ on coins;
+and so is Helena, mother of Constantine.
+
+3. SISTERS. Honorius speaks of his sister as "venerabilis _Augusta_
+germananostra." Trajan has coins inscribed with "Diva Marciana
+_Augusta_."
+
+4. DAUGHTERS. Mallia Scantilla the wife, and Didia the daughter of
+Didius Julianus, were both _Augusta_. Titus inscribed on coins his
+daughter as "Julia Sabina _Augusta_;" there are coins of the emperor
+Decius inscribed with "Herennia Etruscilla _Augusta_," and "Sallustia
+_Augusta_," sisters of the emperor Decius.
+
+5. OTHERS. Matidia, niece of Trajan, is called _Augusta_ on coins;
+Constantine Monomachus called his concubine _Augusta_.
+
+AUGUSTA HARE, a woman with a native genius for popularity, in Mrs.
+A.D.T. Whitney's novel _Hitherto_.
+
+AUGUSTINA, _the Maid of Saragossa_. She was only twenty-two when, her
+lover being shot, she mounted the battery in his place. The French,
+after a siege of two months, were obliged to retreat, August 15, 1808.
+
+  Such were the exploits of the Maid of Saragossa,
+  who by her valor elevated herself to the
+  highest rank of heroines. When the author
+  was at Seville, she walked daily on the Prado,
+  decorated with medals and orders, by order of
+  the Junta.--Lord Byron.
+
+AULD ROBIN GRAY was written (1772) by Lady Anne Barnard, to raise a
+little money for an old nurse. Lady Anne's maiden name was Lindsay,
+and her father was earl of Balcarras.
+
+AULLAY, a monster horse with an elephant's trunk. The creature is as
+much bigger than an elephant as an elephant is larger than a sheep.
+King Baly of India rode on an aullay.
+
+  The aullay, hugest of four-footed kind,
+  The aullay-horse, that in his force,
+  With elephantine trunk, could bind
+  And lift the elephant, and on the wind
+  Whirl him away, with sway and swing,
+  E'en like a pebble from a practised sling.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvi. 2 (1809).
+
+AURELIUS, a young nobleman who tried to win to himself Dorigen, the
+wife of Arviragus, but Dorigen told him she would never yield to his
+suit till all the rocks of the British coast were removed, "and there
+n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic made all the rocks disappear,
+but when Dorigen went, at her husband's bidding, to keep her promise,
+Aurelius, seeing how sad she was, made answer, he would rather
+die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dimora and
+Gilberto_, x. 5. See DIANORA.)
+
+_Aurelius_, elder brother of Uther the pendragon, and uncle of Arthur,
+but he died before the hero was born.
+
+Even sicke of a flixe [_ill of the flux_] as he was, he caused himself
+to be carried forth on a litter; with whose presence the people
+were so encouraged, that encountering with the Saxons they wan the
+victorie.--Holinshed, _History of Scotland_, 99.
+
+  ... once I read
+  That stout Pendragon on his litter sick
+  Came to the field, and vanquished his foes.
+
+  Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._, act iii. sc. 2 (1589).
+
+AURORA LEIGH, daughter of an Englishman and an Italian woman. At
+her father's death Aurora comes to England to live with a severe,
+practical aunt. In time she becomes a poet, travels far, sees much,
+and thinks much of life's problems. She marries her cousin Romney,
+a philanthropist, blinded by an accident.--_Aurora_ _Leigh_, by
+Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1856).
+
+AURORA NUNCANOU, beautiful Creole widow in _The Grandissimes_, by
+George W. Cable. In her thirty-fifth year, she "is the red, red,
+full-blown, faultless joy of the garden. With her it will be always
+morning. That woman is going to last forever; ha-a-a-a!--even longer!"
+(1880).
+
+AUSTIN, the assumed name of the lord of Clarinsal, when he renounced
+the world and became a monk of St. Nicholas. Theodore, the grandson of
+Alfonso, was his son, and rightful heir to the possessions and title
+of the count of Narbonne.--Robert Jephson, _Count of Narbonne_ (1782).
+
+AUSTINS (_The_). _Miss Susan_, old maid resident at Whiteladies,
+concerned in a conspiracy to introduce a false heir to the estate.
+
+_Miss Augustine_, saintly sister, who tries to "turn the curse
+from _Whiteladies_, by her own prayers and those of her
+almsmen."--_Whiteladies_, by M.O.W. Oliphant.
+
+AUSTRIA AND THE LION'S HIDE. There is an old tale that the arch-duke
+of Austria killed Richard I., and wore as a spoil the lion's hide
+which belonged to our English monarch. Hence Faulconbridge (the
+natural son of Richard) says jeeringly to the arch-duke:
+
+  Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,
+  And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act iii. sc. 1 (1596).
+
+(The point is better understood when it is borne in mind that fools
+and jesters were dressed in calf-skins.)
+
+AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST-TABLE, a mythical personage who indites
+Oliver Wendell Holmes's breakfast-table conversations.
+
+AUTOLYCOS, the craftiest of thieves. He stole the flocks of his
+neighbors, and changed their marks. Sisyphos outwitted him by marking
+his sheep under their feet.
+
+AUTOLYCUS, a peddler and witty rogue, in _The Winter's Tale_, by
+Shakespeare (1604).
+
+AVARE (_L_'). The plot of this comedy is as follows: Harpagon the
+miser and his son Cleante (2 _syl._) both want to marry Mariane (3
+_syl._), daughter of Anselme, _alias_ don Thomas d'Alburci, of Naples.
+Cleante gets possession of a casket of gold belonging to the miser,
+and hidden in the garden. When Harpagon discovers his loss he raves
+like a madman, and Cleante gives him the choice of Mariane or the
+casket. The miser chooses the casket, and leaves the young lady to his
+son. The second plot is connected with Elise (2 _syl._), the miser's
+daughter, promised in marriage by the father to his friend Anselme (2
+_syl._); but Elise is herself in love with Valere, who, however, turns
+out to be the son of Anselme. As soon as Anselme discovers that Valere
+is his son, who he thought had been lost at sea, he resigns to him
+Elise, and so in both instances the young folks marry together, and
+the old ones give up their unnatural rivalry.--Moliere, _L'Avare_
+(1667).
+
+AVENEL (2 _syl._), _Julian_, the usurper of Avenel Castle.
+
+_Lady Alice_, widow of sir Walter.
+
+_Mary_, daughter of Lady Alice. She marries Halbert Glendinning.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (date 1559).
+
+_Avenel_ (_Sir Halbert Glendinning, knight of_), same as the
+bridegroom in _The Monastery_.
+
+_The lady Mary of Avenel_, same as the bride in _The Monastery_.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_The White Lady of Avenel_, a spirit mysteriously connected with the
+Avenel family, as the Irish banshee is with true Milesian families.
+She announces good or ill fortune, and manifests a general interest
+in the family to which she is attached, but to others she acts with
+considerable caprice; thus she shows unmitigated malignity to the
+sacristan and the robber. Any truly virtuous mortal has commanding
+power over her.
+
+  Noon gleams on the lake,
+  Noon glows on the fell;
+  Awake thee, awake,
+  White maid of Avenel!
+
+  Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+AVENGER OF BLOOD, the man who had the birthright, according to the
+Jewish, polity, of taking vengeance on him who had killed one of his
+relatives.
+
+  ... the Christless code
+  That must have life for a blow.
+
+  Tennyson, _Maud_, II. i. 1.
+
+AVERY (_Parson_), a missionary "to the souls of fishers starving on
+the rocks of Marblehead." He is wrecked with his crew, one wintry
+midnight, and dies praying aloud.--J.G. Whittier, _The Swan Song of
+Parson Avery_ (1850).
+
+AVICEN or _Abou-ibn-Sina_, an Arabian physician and philosopher, born
+at Shiraz, in Persia (980-1037). He composed a treatise on logic, and
+another on metaphysics. Avicen is called both the Hippocrates and the
+Aristotle of the Arabs.
+
+  Of physicke speake for me, king Avicen ...
+  Yet was his glory never set on shelfe,
+  Nor never shall, whyles any worlde may stande
+  Where men have minde to take good bookes in hande.
+
+  G. Gascoigne, _The Fruits of Warre_, lvii. (died 1577).
+
+AVIS, a New England girl, heroine of _The Story of Avis_, by Elizabeth
+Stuart Phelps-Ward. She is forced by genius to be an artist, and
+through her art loses hope of domestic happiness (1877).
+
+AYL'MER (_Mrs._), a neighbor of sir Henry Lee.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+AY'MER (_Prior_), a jovial Benedictine monk, prior of Jorvaulx
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+AY'MON, duke of Dordona (_Dordogne_). He had four sons, Rinaldo,
+Guicciardo, Alardo, and Ricciardetto (_i.e._ Renaud, Guiscard, Alard,
+and Richard), whose adventures are the subject of a French romance,
+entitled _Les Quatre fils Aymon_, by H. de Alleneuve (1165-1223).
+
+AZA'ZEL, one of the ginn or jinn, all of whom were made of "smokeless
+fire," that is, the fire of the Simoom. These jinn inhabited the
+earth before man was created, but on account of their persistent
+disobedience were driven from it by an army of angels. When Adam was
+created, and God commanded all to worship him, Azazel insolently made
+answer, "Me hast Thou created of fire, and him of earth; why should
+I worship him?" Whereupon God changed the jinnee into a devil, and
+called him Iblis or Despair. In hell he was made the standard-bearer
+of Satan's host.
+
+  Upreared
+  His mighty standard; that proud honor claimed
+  Azazel as his right.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 534 (1665).
+
+AZ'LA, a suttee, the young widow of Ar'valan, son of
+Keha'ma.--Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, i. 10 (1809).
+
+AZ'O, husband of Parisi'na. He was marquis d'Este, of Ferrara, and had
+already a natural son, Hugo, by Bianca, who, "never made his bride,"
+died of a broken heart. Hugo was betrothed to Parisina before she
+married the marqnis, and after she became his mother-in-law, they
+loved on still. One night Azo heard Parisina in sleep express her love
+for Hugo, and the angry marquis condemned his son to death. Although
+he spared his bride, no one ever knew what became of her.--Byron,
+_Parisina_.
+
+AZRAEL (_3 syl._), the angel of death (called Raphael in the _Gospel
+of Barnabas_).--_Al Koran_.
+
+AZTECAS, an Indian tribe, which conquered the Hoamen (2 _syl._),
+seized their territory, and established themselves on a southern
+branch of the Missouri, having Aztlan as their imperial city. When
+Madoc conquered the Aztecas in the twelfth century, he restored the
+Hoamen, and the Aztecas migrated to Mexico.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+AZUCENA, a gipsy. Manrico is supposed to be her son, but is in
+reality the son of Garzia (brother of the conte di Luna).--Verdi, _Il
+Trovatore_ (1853).
+
+AZYORUCA (4 _syl._), queen of the snakes and dragons. She resides in
+Patala, or the infernal regions.--_Hindu Mythology_.
+
+  There Azyoruca veiled her awful form
+  In those eternal shadows. There she sat,
+  And as the trembling souls who crowd around
+  The judgment-seat received the doom of fate,
+  Her giant arms, extending from the cloud,
+  Drew them within the darkness.
+
+Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxiii 15 (1809).
+
+BAAL, plu. BAALIM, a general name for all the Syrian gods, as
+Ashtaroth was for the goddesses. The general version of the legend of
+Baal is the same as that of Adonis, Thammuz, Osiris, and the Arabian
+myth of El Khouder. All allegorize the Sun, six months above and six
+months below the equator. As a title of honor, the word Baal, Bal,
+Bel, etc., enters into a large number of Phoenician and Carthaginian
+proper names, as Hanni-bal, Hasdrubal, Bel-shazzar, etc.
+
+  ... [the] general names
+  Of Baaelim and Ashtaroth: those male;
+  These female.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665).
+
+BAB (_Lady_), a waiting maid on a lady so called, who assumes the airs
+with the name and address of her mistress. Her fellow-servants and
+other servants address her as "lady Bab," or "Your ladyship." She is a
+fine wench, "but by no means particular in keeping her teeth clean."
+She says she never reads but one "book, which is Shikspur." And
+she calls Lovel and Freeman, two gentlemen of fortune, "downright
+hottenpots."--Rev. J. Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).
+
+BABA, chief of the eunuchs in the court of the sultana
+Gulbeyaz.--Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 82, etc. (1820).
+
+BABA (_Ali_), who relates the story of the "Forty Thieves" in the
+_Arabian Nights' Entertainments_. He discovered the thieves' cave
+while hiding in a tree, and heard the magic word "Sesame," at which
+the door of the cave opened and shut.
+
+_Cassim Baba_, brother of Ali Baba, who entered the cave of the forty
+thieves, but forgot the pass-word, and stood crying "Open Wheat!"
+"Open Barley!" to the door, which obeyed to no sound but "Open
+Sesame!"
+
+BABA MUSTAPHA, a cobbler who sewed together the four pieces into
+which Cassim's body had been cleft by the forty thieves. When the
+thieves discovered that the body had been taken away, they sent one
+of the band into the city, to ascertain who had died of late. The man
+happened to enter the cobbler's stall, and falling into a gossip heard
+about the body which the cobbler had sewed together. Mustapha pointed
+out to him the house of Cassim Baba's widow, and the thief marked it
+with a piece of white chalk. Next day the cobbler pointed out the
+house to another, who marked it with red chalk. And the day following
+he pointed it out to the captain of the band, who instead of
+marking the door studied the house till he felt sure of recognizing
+it.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba, or The Forty Thieves").
+
+BABABALOUK, chief of the black eunuchs, whose duty it was to wait
+on the sultan, to guard the sultanas, and to superintend the
+harem.--Habesci, _State of the Ottoman Empire_, 155-6.
+
+BABES IN THE WOOD, insurrectionary hordes that infested the mountains
+of Wicklow and the woods of Enniscarthy towards the close of the
+eighteenth century. (See CHILDREN IN THE WOOD.)
+
+BABIE, old Alice Gray's servant-girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of
+Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BABIECA (3 _syl._), the Cid's horse.
+
+  I learnt to prize Babieca from his head unto his
+  hoof.
+
+_The Cid_ (1128).
+
+BABOON (_Philip_), Philippe Bourbon, duc d'Anjou.
+
+_Lewis Baboon_, Louis XIV., "a false loon of a grandfather to Philip,
+and one that might justly be called a Jack-of-all-trades."
+
+  Sometimes you would see this Lewis Baboon
+  behind his counter, selling broad-cloth, sometimes
+  measuring linen; next day he would be
+  dealing in mercery-ware; high heads, ribbons,
+  gloves, fans, and lace, he understood to a nicety
+  ... nay, he would descend to the selling of
+  tapes, garters, and shoebuckles. When shop
+  was shut up he would go about the neighborhood,
+  and earn half-a-crown, by teaching the
+  young men and maidens to dance. By these
+  means he had acquired immense riches, which he
+  used to squander away at back-sword [_in war_],
+  quarter-staff, and cudgel-play, in which he took
+  great pleasure.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History of John
+  Bull_, ii. (1712).
+
+BABY BELL, the infant whose brief beautiful life is given in the poem
+that first drew the eyes of the world to the young American poet, T.B.
+Aldrich, then but nineteen years of age.
+
+  Have you not heard the poets tell
+  How came the dainty Baby Bell
+  Into this World of ours?
+  The gates of heaven were left ajar:
+  With folded hands and dreamy eyes,
+  Wandering out of Paradise,
+  She saw this planet like a star
+  Hung in the glistening depths of even,--
+  Its bridges, running to and fro,
+  O'er which the white-winged angels go,
+  Bearing the holy dead to heaven.
+  She touched a bridge of flowers--those feet
+  So light they did not bend the bells
+  Of the celestial asphodels,
+  They fell like dew upon the flowers;
+  Then all the air grew strangely sweet!
+  And thus came dainty Baby Bell
+  Into this world of ours. (1854.)
+
+BACCHAN'TES (3 _syl._), priestesses of Bacchus.
+
+  Round about him _Bacchus_ fair Bacchantes,
+  Bearing cymbals, flutes, and thyrses,
+  Wild from Naxian groves, or Zante's
+  Vineyards, sing delirious verses.
+  Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+BACCHUS, in the _Lusiad_, an epic poem by Camoens (1569), is the
+personification of the evil principle which acts in opposition to
+Jupiter, the lord of Destiny. Mars is made by the poet the guardian
+power of Christianity, and Bacchus of Mohammedanism.
+
+BACKBITE (_Sir Benjamin_), nephew of Crabtree, very conceited, and
+very censorious. His friends called him a great poet and wit, but
+he never published anything, because "'twas very vulgar to print;"
+besides, as he said, his little productions circulated more "by giving
+copies in confidence to friends."--Sheridan, _School for Scandal_
+(1777).
+
+  When I first saw Miss Pope she was performing
+  "Mrs. Candour," to Miss Farren's "lady
+  Teazle," King as "sir Peter," Parsons "Crab-tree,"
+  Dodd "Backbite," Baddeley "Moses,"
+  Smith "Charles," and John Palmer "Joseph"
+  [Surface].--James Smith, _Memoirs, etc_.
+
+BACTRIAN SAGE _(The)_, Zoroas'ter or Zerdusht, a native of Bactria,
+now Balkh (B.C. 589-513).
+
+BADE'BEC (2 _syl_.), wife of Gargantua and mother of Pantag'ruel. She
+died in giving him birth, or rather in giving birth at the same time
+to nine dromedaries laden with ham and smoked tongues, 7 camels
+laden with eels, and 25 wagons full of leeks, garlic, onions, and
+shallots.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 2 (1533).
+
+BADGER _(Will)_, sir Hugh Robsart's favorite domestic.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bad'ger (Mr. Bayham_), medical practitioner at Chelsea, under whom
+Richard Carstone pursues his studies. Mr. Badger is a crisp-looking
+gentleman, with "surprised eyes;" very proud of being Mrs. Badger's
+"third," and always referring to her former two husbands, captain
+Swosser and professor Dingo.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+BADINGUET [_Bad.en.gay_] one of the many nicknames of Napoleon III.
+It was the name of the mason in whose clothes he escaped from the
+fortress of Ham (1808, 1851-1873).
+
+BADOURA, daughter of Gaiour (2 _syl._), king of China, the "most
+beautiful woman ever seen upon earth." The emperor Gaiour wished her
+to marry, but she expressed an aversion to wedlock. However, one night
+by fairy influence she was shown prince Camaralzaman asleep, fell
+in love with him, and exchanged rings. Next day she inquired for the
+prince, but her inquiry was thought so absurd that she was confined as
+a madwoman. At length her foster-brother solved the difficulty thus:
+The emperor having proclaimed that whoever cured the princess of her
+[supposed] madness should have her for his wife, he sent Camaralzaman
+to play the magician, and imparted the secret to the princess by
+sending her the ring she had left with the sleeping prince. The cure
+was instantly effected, and the marriage solemnized with due pomp.
+When the emperor was informed that his son-in-law was a prince, whose
+father was sultan of the "Island of the Children of Khaledan, some
+twenty days' sail from the coast of Persia," he was delighted with the
+alliance.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+BADROULBOUDOUR, daughter of the sultan of China, a beautiful
+brunette. "Her eyes were large and sparkling, her expression modest,
+her mouth small, her lips vermilion, and her figure perfect." She
+became the wife of Aladdin, but twice nearly caused his death; once
+by exchanging "the wonderful lamp" for a new copper one, and once by
+giving hospitality to the false Fatima. Aladdin killed both these
+magicians.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp").
+
+BAG DAD. A hermit told the caliph Almanzor that one Moclas was
+destined to found a city on the spot where he was standing. "I am that
+man," said the caliph, and he then informed the hermit how in his
+boyhood he once stole a bracelet, and his nurse ever after called him
+"Moclas," the name of a well-known thief.--Marigny.
+
+BAGSHOT, one of a gang of thieves who conspire to break into the house
+of lady Bountiful.--Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705).
+
+BAGSTOCK (_Major Joe_), an apoplectic retired military officer, living
+in Princess's Place, opposite to Miss Tox. The major has a covert
+kindness for Miss Tox, and is jealous of Mr. Dombey. He speaks of
+himself as "Old Joe Bagstock," "Old Joey," "Old J.," "Old Josh,"
+"Rough and tough old Jo," "J.B.," "Old J.B.," and so on. He is also
+given to over-eating, and to abusing his poor native servant.--C.
+Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BAHADAR, master of the horse to the king of the Magi. Prince Amgiad
+was enticed by a collet to enter the minister's house, and when
+Bahadar returned, he was not a little surprised at the sight of his
+uninvited guest. The prince, however, explained to him in private how
+the matter stood, and Bahadar, entering into the fun of the thing,
+assumed for the nonce the place of a slave. The collet would have
+murdered him, but Amgiad, to save the minister, cut off her head.
+Bahadar, being arrested for murder, was condemned to death, but Amgiad
+came forward and told the whole truth, whereupon Bahadar was instantly
+released, and Amgiad created vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and
+Assad").
+
+BAHMAN (_Prince_), eldest son of the sultan Khrossou-schah of Persia.
+In infancy he was taken from the palace by the sultana's sisters, and
+set adrift on a canal, but being rescued by the superintendent of the
+sultan's gardens, he was brought up, and afterwards restored to the
+sultan. It was the "talking bird" that told the sultan the tale of the
+young prince's abduction.
+
+_Prince Bahman's Knife_. When prince Bahman started on his exploits,
+he gave to his sister Parazade (4 _syl._) a knife, saying, "As long as
+you find this knife clean and bright, you may feel assured that I am
+alive and well; but if a drop of blood falls from it, you may know
+that I am no longer alive."--_Arabian Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the
+last tale).
+
+BAILEY, a sharp lad in the service of Todger's boarding-house. His
+ambition was to appear quite a full-grown man. On leaving Mrs.
+Todgers's, he became the servant of Montague Tigg, manager of the
+"Anglo-Bengalee Company."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BAILIE (_General_), a parliamentary leader.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of
+Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+_Bailie (Giles)_, a gipsy; father of Gabrael Faa (nephew to Meg
+Merrilies).--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BAILLY, (_Henry or Harry_), the host of the Tabard Inn, in Southwerk,
+London, where the nine and twenty companions of Chaucer put up before
+starting on their pilgrimage to Canterbury.
+
+  A semely man our hoste was withal
+  For to han been a marshal in an halle,
+  A fairer burgeis is ther non in Chepe.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales, Prologue_.
+
+BAILIFF'S DAUGHTER OF ISLINGTON (in Norfolk). A squire's son loved the
+bailiff's daughter, but she gave him no encouragement, and his friends
+sent him to London "an apprentice for to binde." After the lapse of
+seven years, the bailiff's daughter, "in ragged attire," set out to
+walk to London, "her true love to inquire." The young man on horseback
+met her, but knew her not. "One penny, one penny, kind sir!" she
+said. "Where were you born?" asked the young man. "At Islington," she
+replied. "Then prithee, sweetheart, do you know the bailiff's daughter
+there?" "She's dead, sir, long ago." On hearing this the young man
+declared he'd live an exile in some foreign land. "Stay, oh stay, thou
+goodly youth," the maiden cried, "she is not really dead, for I am
+she." "Then farewell grief and welcome joy, for I have found my true
+love, whom I feared I should never see again."--Percy, _Relics of
+English Poetry_, ii. 8.
+
+BAILZOU _(Annaple)_, the nurse of Effie Deans in her
+confinement.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BAJARDO, Rinaldo's steed.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BAJAZET, surnamed "The Thunderbolt" (_ilderim_), sultan of Turkey.
+After subjugating Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, and Asia Minor, he
+laid siege to Constantinople, but was taken captive by Tamerlane
+emperor of Tartary. He was fierce as a wolf, reckless, and
+indomitable. Being asked by Tamerlane how he would have treated him
+had their lots been reversed, "Like a dog," he cried. "I would have
+made you my footstool when I mounted my saddle, and when your services
+were not needed would have chained you in a cage like a wild beast."
+Tamerlane replied, "Then to show you the difference of my spirit, I
+shall treat you as a king." So saying, he ordered his chains to be
+struck off, gave him one of the royal tents, and promised to restore
+him to his throne if he would lay aside his hostility. Bajazet abused
+this noble generosity; plotted the assassination of Tamerlane; and
+bow-strung Moneses. Finding clemency of no use, Tamerlane commanded
+him to be used "as a dog, and to be chained in a cage like a wild
+beast."--N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_ (a tragedy, 1702).
+
+_Bajazet_, a black page at St. James's Palace.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BAKER (_The_), and the "Baker's Wife." Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette
+were so called by the revolutionary party, because on the 6th October,
+1789, they ordered a supply of bread to be given to the mob which
+surrounded the palace at Versailles, clamoring for bread.
+
+BALAAM (2 _syl._), the earl of Huntingdon, one of the rebels in the
+army of the duke of Monmouth.
+
+  And, therefore in the name of dulness, be
+  The well-hung Balaam.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+
+_Balaam_, a "citizen of sober fame," who lived near the monument of
+London. While poor he was "religious, punctual, and frugal;" but when
+he became rich and got knighted, he seldom went to church, became a
+courtier, "took a bribe from France," and was hung for treason.--Pope,
+_Moral Essays_, iii.
+
+BALAAM AND JOSAPHAT, a religious novel by Johannes Damascenus, son of
+Almansur. (For plot, see JOSAPHAT.)
+
+BALACK, Dr. Burnet, bishop of Salisbury, who wrote a history called
+_Burnet's Own Time_, and _History of the Reformation_.--Dryden and
+Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii.
+
+BALAFRE (_Le_), _alias_ Ludovic Lesly, an old archer of the Scottish
+Guard at Plessis les Tours, one of the castle palaces of Louis XI. Le
+Balafre is uncle to Quentin Durward.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+ Henri, son of Francois second duke of Gruise, was called _Le
+Balafre_ ("the gashed"), from a frightful scar in the face from a
+sword-cut in the battle of Dormans (1575).
+
+BALAM, the ox on which the faithful feed in paradise. The fish is
+called Nun, the lobes of whose liver will suffice for 70,000 men.
+
+BALAN, brother of Balyn or Balin le Savage, two of the most valiant
+knights that the world ever produced.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 31 (1470).
+
+_Balan_, "the bravest and strongest of all the giant race." Amadis de
+Gaul rescued Gabrioletta from his hands.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de
+Gaul_, iv. 129 (fourteenth century).
+
+BALANCE (_Justice_), father of Sylvia. He had once been in the army,
+and as he had run the gauntlet himself, he could make excuses for
+the wild pranks of young men.--G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_
+(1704).
+
+BALAND OF SPAIN, a man of gigantic strength, who called himself
+Fierabras.--_Mediaeval Romance_.
+
+BALATSU-USUR, the name given to the captive Jew Daniel in Babylon,
+meaning "May Bel protect his life!"
+
+  Prostrate upon his royal face, prostrate before
+  the court, the queen, the people--down like a
+  pleading conscience or a suppliant faith, Nebuchadrezzar
+  the Great lay in the dust, and worshipped
+  him right royally.
+
+  "_Thou_ art the Master of the Magicians!" said
+  the king. "For thou commandest the power of
+  thy God and thou controllest the spirit of
+  man!" ...
+
+  Plain moral purity and religious fervor had
+  done for the young man what a lifetime of political
+  scheming had failed to do for many a
+  grey-headed disappointed adventurer. Then, as
+  in all ages, intrigue regarded the success of sincerity
+  with astonishment.--_The Master of the
+  Magicians_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert
+  D. Ward (1890).
+
+BALCHRISTIE (_Jenny_), housekeeper to the laird of Dumbiedikes.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BALDASSARE (4 _syl._) chief of the monastery of St. Jacopo di
+Compostella.--Donizetti's opera, _La Favorite_ (1842).
+
+BALDER, the god of light, peace, and day, was the young and beautiful
+son of Odin and Frigga. His palace, Briedablik ("wide-shining"), stood
+in the Milky Way. He was slain by Hoeder, the blind old god of darkness
+and night, but was restored to life at the general request of the
+gods.--_Scandinavian Mythology_.
+
+  Balder the beautiful,
+  God of the summer sun.
+
+  Longfellow, _Tegnier's Death_.
+
+(Sydney Dobell has a poem entitled _Balder_, published in 1854.)
+
+BALDERSTONE (_Caleb_), the favorite old butler of the master of
+Ravenswood, at Wolf's Crag Tower. Being told to provide supper for
+the laird of Bucklaw, he pretended that there were fat capon and good
+store in plenty, but all he could produce was "the hinder end of a
+mutton ham that had been three times on the table already, and the
+heel of a ewe-milk kebbuck [_cheese_]" (ch. vii.).--Sir W. Scott,
+_Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BALDRICK, an ancestor of the lady Eveline Berenger "the betrothed." He
+was murdered, and lady Eveline assured Rose Flammock that she had seen
+his ghost frowning at her.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+BALDRINGHAM (_The lady Ermengarde of_), great-aunt of lady Eveline
+Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+BALDWIN, the youngest and comeliest of Charlemagne's paladins, nephew
+of sir Roland.
+
+_Baldwin_, the restless and ambitious duke of Bologna, leader of 1200
+horse in the allied Christian army. He was Godfrey's brother, and very
+like him, but not so tall.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ He is introduced by sir Walter Scott in _Count Robert of Paris_.
+
+_Baldwin_. So the Ass is called in the beast-epic entitled _Reynard
+the Fox_ (the word means "bold friend"). In pt. iii. he is called
+"Dr." Baldwin (1498).
+
+_Baldwin_, tutor of Rollo ("the bloody brother") and Otto, dukes
+of Normandy, and sons of Sophia. Baldwin was put to death by Rollo,
+because Hamond slew Gisbert the chancellor with an axe and not with a
+sword. Rollo said that Baldwin deserved death "for teaching Hamond no
+better."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).
+
+_Baldwin (Count)_, a fatal example of paternal self-will. He doted on
+his elder son Biron, but because he married against his inclination,
+disinherited him, and fixed all his love on Carlos his younger son.
+Biron fell at the siege of Candy, and was supposed to be dead. His
+wife Isabella mourned for him seven years, and being on the point of
+starvation, applied to the count for aid, but he drove her from his
+house as a dog. Villeroy (2 _syl._) married her, but Biron returned
+the following day. Carlos, hearing of his brother's return, employed
+ruffians to murder him, and then charged Villeroy with the crime; but
+one of the ruffians impeached, Carlos was arrested, and Isabella,
+going mad, killed herself. Thus was the wilfulness of Baldwin the
+source of infinite misery. It caused the death of his two sons, as
+well as of his daughter-in-law.--Thomas Southern, _The Fatal Marriage_
+(1692).
+
+_Baldwin_, archbishop of Canterbury (1184-1190), introduced by sir W.
+Scott in his novel called _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BALDWINDE OYLEY, esquire of sir Brian de Bois Guilbert (Preceptor of
+the Knights Templars).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BALIN (_Sir_), or "Balin le Savage," knight of the two swords. He was
+a Northumberland knight, and being taken captive, was imprisoned six
+months by king Arthur. It so happened that a damsel girded with a
+sword came to Camelot at the time of sir Balin's release, and told the
+king that no man could draw it who was tainted with "shame, treachery,
+or guile." King Arthur and all his knights failed in the attempt, but
+sir Balin drew it readily. The damsel begged him for the sword, but he
+refused to give it to any one. Whereupon the damsel said to him, "That
+sword shall be thy plague, for with it shall ye slay your best friend,
+and it shall also prove your own death." Then the Lady of the Lake
+came to the king, and demanded the sword, but sir Balin cut off
+her head with it, and was banished from the court. After various
+adventures he came to a castle where the custom was for every guest to
+joust. He was accommodated with a shield, and rode forth to meet his
+antagonist. So fierce was the encounter that both the combatants were
+slain, but Balin lived just long enough to learn that his antagonist
+was his dearly beloved brother Balan, and both were buried in one
+tomb.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 27-44 (1470).
+
+ "The Book of Sir Balin le Savage" is part i. ch. 27 to 44 (both
+inclusive) of sir T. Malory's _History of Prince Arthur_.
+
+BALINVERNO, one of the leaders in Agramant's allied army.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BALIOL (_Edward_), usurper of Scotland, introduced in _Redgauntlet_,
+a novel by sir W. Scott (time, George II.).
+
+_Baliol (Mrs.)_, friend of Mr. Croftangry, in the introductory
+chapter of _The Fair Maid of Perth_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+_Baliol (Mrs. Martha Bethune)_, a lady of quality and fortune, who
+had a house called Baliol Lodging, Canongate, Edinburgh. At her death
+she left to her cousin Mr. Croftangry two series of tales called _The
+Chronicles of Canongate (q.v.)_, which he published.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Highland Widow_ (introduction, 1827).
+
+BALISARDA, a sword made in the garden of Orgagna by the sorceress
+Falerina; it would cut through even enchanted substances, and was
+given to Rogero for the express purpose of "dealing Orlando's
+death."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_, xxv. 15 (1516).
+
+  He knew with Balisarda's lightest blows,
+  Nor helm, nor shield, nor cuirass could avail,
+  Nor strongly tempered plate, nor twisted mail.
+
+  Book xxiii.
+
+BALIVERSO, the basest knight in the Saracen army.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_, (1516).
+
+BALK or BALKH ("_to embrace_"), Omurs, surnamed _Ghil-Shah_ ("earth's
+king"), founder of the Paishdadian dynasty. He travelled abroad to
+make himself familiar with the laws and customs of other lands. On his
+return he met his brother, and built on the spot of meeting a city,
+which he called Balk; and made it the capital of his kingdom.
+
+BALKIS, the Arabian name of the queen of Sheba, who went from the
+south to witness the wisdom and splendor of Solomon. According to the
+Koran she was a fire-worshipper. It is said that Solomon raised her to
+his bed and throne. She is also called queen of Saba or Aaziz.--_Al
+Koran_, xxvi. (Sale's notes).
+
+  She fancied herself already more potent than
+  Balkis, and pictured to her imagination the genii
+  falling prostrate at the foot of her throne.--W.
+  Beckford, _Vathek_.
+
+_Balkis queen of Sheba_ or _Saba_. Solomon being told that her
+legs were covered with hair "like those of an ass," had the
+presence-chamber floored with glass laid over running water filled
+with fish. When Balkis approached the room, supposing the floor to be
+water, she lifted up her robes and exposed her hairy ankles, of which
+the king had been rightly informed.--_Jallalo'dinn_.
+
+BALLENKEIROCH (_Old_), a Highland chief and old friend of Fergus
+M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+BALMUNG, the sword of Siegfried forged by Wieland the smith of the
+Scandinavian gods. In a trial of merit Wieland cleft Amilias (a
+brother smith) to the waist; but so fine was the cut that Amilias
+was not even conscious of it till he attempted to move, when he fell
+asunder into two pieces.--_Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+BALRUDDERY (_The laird of_), a relation of Godfrey Bertram, laird of
+Ellangowan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BALTHAZAR, a merchant, in Shakespeare's _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+_Balthazar_, a name assumed by Portia, in Shakespeare's _Merchant of
+Venice_ (1598).
+
+_Balthazar_, servant to Romeo, in Shakespeare's _Romeo and Juliet_
+(1597).
+
+_Balthazar_, servant to don Pedro, in Shakespeare's _Much Ado about
+Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Balthazar_, one of the three "kings" shown in Cologne Cathedral as
+one of the "Magi" led to Bethlehem by the guiding star. The word means
+"lord of treasures." The names of the other two are Melchior ("king of
+light"), and Gaspar or Caspar ("the white one"). Klopstock, in _The
+Messiah_, makes six "Wise Men," and none of the names are like these
+three.
+
+_Balthazar_, father of Juliana, Volante, and Zamora. A proud,
+peppery, and wealthy gentleman. His daughter Juliana marries the duke
+of Aranza; his second daughter the count Montalban; and Zamora marries
+signor Rinaldo.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
+
+BALUE (_Cardinal_), in the court of Louis XI. of France (1420-1491),
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BALUGANTES (4 _syl._), leader of the men from Leon, in Spain, and in
+alliance with Agramant.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BALVENY (_Lord_), kinsman of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BALWHIDDER [_Balwither_], a Scotch presbyterian pastor, filled with
+all the old-fashioned national prejudices, but sincere, kind-hearted,
+and pious. He is garrulous and loves his joke, but is quite ignorant
+of the world, being "in it but not of it."--Galt, _Annals of the
+Parish_ (1821).
+
+  The _Rev. Micah Balwhidder_ is a fine representation
+  of the primitive Scottish pastor; diligent,
+  blameless, loyal, and exemplary in his life, but
+  without the fiery zeal and "kirk-filling eloquence"
+  of the supporters of the Covenant.--R.
+  Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 591.
+
+BALY, one of the ancient and gigantic kings of India, who founded the
+city called by his name. He redressed wrongs, upheld justice, was
+generous and truthful, compassionate and charitable, so that at death
+he became one of the judges of hell. His city in time got overwhelmed
+with the encroaching ocean, but its walls were not overthrown, nor
+were the rooms encumbered with the weeds and alluvial of the sea. One
+day a dwarf, named Vamen, asked the mighty monarch to allow him to
+measure three of his own paces for a hut to dwell in. Baly smiled, and
+bade him measure out what he required. The first pace of the dwarf
+compassed the whole earth, the second the whole heavens, and the
+third the infernal regions. Baly at once perceived that the dwarf was
+Vishnu, and adored the present deity. Vishnu made the king "Governor
+of Padalon" or hell, and permitted him once a year to revisit the
+earth, on the first full moon of November.
+
+  Baly built
+  A city, like the cities of the gods,
+  Being like a god himself. For many an age
+  Hath ocean warred against his palaces,
+  Till overwhelmed they lie beneath the waves,
+  Not overthrown.
+
+  Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xv. 1 (1809).
+
+BAN, king of Benwick [_Brittany_], father of sir Launcelot, and
+brother of Bors king of Gaul. This "shadowy king of a still more
+shadowy kingdom" came over with his royal brother to the aid of
+Arthur, when, at the beginning of his reign, the eleven kings leagued
+against him (pt. i. 8).
+
+  Yonder I see the most valiant knight of the
+  world, and the man of most renown, for such
+  two brethren as are king Ban and king Bors are
+  not living.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince
+  Arthur_, i. 14 (1470).
+
+BANASTAR (_Humfrey_), brought up by Henry duke of Buckingham, and
+advanced by him to honor and wealth. He professed to love the duke as
+his dearest friend; but when Richard III. offered L1000 reward to
+any one who would deliver up the duke, Banastar betrayed him to John
+Mitton, sheriff of Shropshire, and he was conveyed to Salisbury, where
+he was beheaded. The ghost of the duke prayed that Banastar's eldest
+son, "reft of his wits might end his life in a pigstye;" that his
+second son might "be drowned in a dyke" containing less than "half
+a foot of water;" that his only daughter might be a leper; and that
+Banastar himself might "live in death and die in life."--Thomas
+Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+BANBERG (_The Bishop of_), introduced in Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BANBURY CHEESE. Bardolph calls Slender a "Banbury cheese" (_Merry
+Wives of Windsor_, act i. sc. 1); and in _Jack Drum's Entertainment_
+we read, "You are like a Banbury cheese, nothing but paring." The
+Banbury cheese alluded to was a milk cheese, about an inch in
+thickness.
+
+BANDY-LEGGED, Armand Gouffe (1775-1845), also called _Le panard du
+dix-neuvieme siecle_. He was one of the founders of the "Caveau
+moderne."
+
+BANKS, a farmer, the great terror of old mother Sawyer, the witch
+of Edmonton.--_The Witch of Edmonton_ (by Rowley, Dekker, and Ford,
+1658).
+
+BANQUO, a Scotch general of royal extraction, in the time of Edward
+the Confessor. He was murdered at the instigation of king Macbeth, but
+his son Fleance escaped, and from this Fleance descended a race of
+kings who filled the throne of Scotland, ending with James I. of
+England, in whom were united the two crowns. The witches on the
+blasted heath hailed Banquo as--
+
+  (1) Lesser than Macbeth, and greater.
+  (2) Not so happy, yet much happier.
+  (3) Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.
+
+  Shakespeare, _Macbeth_, act i. sc. 3 (1606).
+
+(Historically no such person as Banquo ever existed, and therefore
+Fleance was not the ancestor of the house of Stuart.)
+
+BANSHEE, a tutelary female spirit. Every chief family of Ireland has
+its banshee, who is supposed to give it warning of approaching death
+or danger.
+
+BANTAM (_Angela Cyrus_), grand-master of the ceremonies at "Ba-ath,"
+and a very mighty personage in the opinion of the _elite_ of Bath.--C.
+Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BAP, a contraction of _Bap'liomet, i.e._ Mahomet. An imaginary idol
+or symbol which the Templars were accused of employing in their
+mysterious religious rites. It was a small human figure cut in stone,
+with two heads, one male and the other female, but all the rest of the
+figure was female. Specimens still exist.
+
+BAP'TES (2 _syl_.), priests of the goddess Cotytto, whose midnight
+orgies were so obscene as to disgust even the very goddess of
+obscenity. (Greek, _bapto_, "to baptize," because these priests bathed
+themselves in the most effeminate manner.)
+
+BAPTIS'TA, a rich gentleman of Padua, father of Kathari'na "the
+shrew," and Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).
+
+BAPTISTI DAMIOTTI, a Paduan quack, who shows in the enchanted mirror
+a picture representing the clandestine marriage and infidelity of
+sir Philip Forester.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+BAR'ABAS, the faithful servant of Ealph Lascours, captain of the
+_Uran'ia._ His favorite expression is "I am afraid;" but he always
+acts most bravely when he is afraid. (See BARRABAS.)--E. Stirling,
+_The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+BAR'ADAS (_Count_), the king's favorite, first gentleman of the
+chamber, and one of the conspirators to dethrone Louis XIII., kill
+Richelieu, and place the duc d'Orleans on the throne of France.
+Baradas loved Julie, but Julie married the chevalier Adrien de
+Mauprat. When Richelieu fell into disgrace, the king made count
+Baradas his chief minister, but scarcely had he so done when a
+despatch was put into his hand revealing the conspiracy, and Richelieu
+ordered Baradas' instant arrest.--Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).
+
+BARAK EL HADGI, the fakir, an emissary from the court of Hyder
+Ali.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+BARBARA, the widowed heroine whose vacillations of devotion to her
+buried husband and the living cousin who might be his twin, furnish
+the _motif_ for Amelie Rives's story, _The Quick or the Dead?_ (1888).
+
+BARBARA FLOYD, lonely-hearted wife in George Fleming's (Julia C.
+Fletcher) novel, _The Head of Medusa_. The scene of the story is laid
+in modern Rome; Barbara, married to an Italian nobleman, has an inner
+and purer life with which the corruptions of the gay capital meddle
+not.--(1880.)
+
+BARBARA FRIETCHIE, heroic old woman of Frederick, Maryland, who took
+up the flag the men had hauled down at the command of Stonewall
+Jackson.--John Greenleaf Whittier, _Barbara Frietchie_ (1864).
+
+  Barbara Frietchie's work is o'er
+  And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.
+
+  Honor to her! and let a tear
+  Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall's bier.
+
+  Over Barbara Frietchie's grave
+  Flag of Freedom and Union wave.
+
+  Peace and order and beauty draw
+  Bound thy symbol of light and law,
+
+  And ever the stars above look down On thy stars below in Frederick Town.
+
+BARBARA HOLABIRD, the rattle-pate of the Holabird sisters in
+A.D.T. Whitney's _We Girls_. She coins words and bakes lace-edged
+griddle-cakes and contrives rhymes, and tells on the last page of the
+book how it was made. "We rushed in, especially I, Barbara, and did
+little bits, and so it came to be a Song o' Sixpence, and at last four
+Holabirds were 'singing in the pie.'"--(1868.)
+
+BARBARA'S HISTORY, story of young, untrained but bright and attractive
+girl who marries a man of the world. The conflict of two strong,
+wayward natures is long and fierce, resulting in temporary separation,
+and the discipline of sorrow and absence in reconciliation.--Amelia B.
+Edwards.
+
+BARBAROSSA ("_red beard_"), surname of Frederick I. of Germany
+(1121-1190). It is said that he never died, but is still sleeping in
+Kyffhauserberg in Thuringia. There he sits at a stone table with his
+six knights, waiting the "fulness of time," when he will come from his
+cave to rescue Germany from bondage, and give her the foremost place
+of all the-world. His beard has already grown through the table-slab,
+but must wind itself thrice round the table before his second advent.
+(See MANSUR, CHARLEMAGNE, ABTHUR, DESMOND, SEBASTIAN I., to whom
+similar legends are attached.)
+
+  Like Barbarossa, who sits in a cave,
+  Taciturn, sombre, sedate, and grave.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+_Barbarossa_, a tragedy by John Brown. This is not Frederick
+Barbarossa, the emperor of Germany (1121-1190), but Horne Barbarossa,
+the corsair (1475-1519). He was a renegade Greek, of Mitylene, who
+made himself master of Algeria, which was for a time subject to
+Turkey. He killed the Moorish king; tried to cut off Selim the son,
+but without success; and wanted to marry Zaphi'ra, the king's widow,
+who rejected his suit with scorn, and was kept in confinement for
+seven years. Selim returned unexpectedly to Algiers, and a general
+rising took place; Barbarossa was slain by the insurgents; Zaphira was
+restored to the throne; and Selim her son married Irene the daughter
+of Barbarossa (1742).
+
+BAR'BARA (_St._), the patron saint of arsenals. When her father was
+about to strike off her head, she was killed by a flash of lightning.
+
+BARBASON, the name of a demon. Amaimon sounds well; Lucifer well;
+Barbason well; yet they are ... the names of fiends.--_Merry Wives of
+Windsor_, ii. 2.
+
+  I am not Barbason, you cannot conjure me.--_Henry
+  V_. ii. 1.
+
+BAR'BASON, the name of a demon mentioned in _The Merry Wives of
+Windsor_, act ii. sc. 2 (1596).
+
+  I am not Barbason; you cannot conjure me.--Shakespeare,
+  _Henry V_. act ii. sc. I (1599).
+
+BARBY ELSTER, sharp-tongued and sweet-hearted "help" in the Rossiter
+family in Susan Warner's _Queechy_. She considers herself her
+employers' more-than-equal and loses no opportunity of expressing the
+conviction.--(1852.)
+
+BARCLAY OF URY, an Aberdeen laird, persecuted as a "Quaker coward"
+by a mob of former friends and dependents, offers no resistance and
+  refuses defence from the sword of an ancient henchman.
+
+  "Is the sinful servant more
+  Than his gracious Lord who bore
+  Bonds and stripes in Jewry?"
+
+  J.G. Whittier, _Barclay of Ury_.
+
+BARCO'CHEBAH, an antichrist.
+
+  Shared the fall of the antichrist Barcochebar.--Professor
+  Selwin, _Ecce Homo_.
+
+BARD OF AVON, Shakespeare, born and buried at Stratford-upon-Avon
+(1564-1616).
+
+_Bard of Ayrshire_, Robert Burns, a native of Ayrshire (1759-1796).
+
+_Bard of Hope_, Thomas Campbell, author of _The Pleasures of Hope_
+(1777-1844).
+
+_Bard of the Imagination_, Mark Akenside, author of _The Pleasures of
+the Imagination_ (1721-1770).
+
+_Bard of Memory_, S. Rogers, author of _The Pleasures of Memory_
+(1762-1855).
+
+_Bard of Olney_, W. Cowper _[Coo'-per]_, who lived for many years at
+Olney, in Bucks (1731-1800).
+
+_Bard of Prose_, Boccaccio.
+
+  He of the hundred tales of love.
+
+  Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 56 (1818).
+
+_Bard of Rydal Mount_, William Wordsworth, who lived at Rydal
+Mount; also called "Poet of the Excursion," from his principal poem
+(1770-1850).
+
+_Bard of Twickenham_, Alexander Pope, who lived at Twickenham
+(1688-1744).
+
+BARDELL _(Mrs.)_, landlady of "apartments for single gentlemen" in
+Groswell Street. Here Mr. Pickwick lodged for a time. She persuaded
+herself that he would make her a good second husband, and on one
+occasion was seen in his arms by his three friends. Mrs. Bardell put
+herself in the hands of Messrs. Dodson and Fogg (two unprincipled
+lawyers), who vamped up a case against Mr. Pickwick of "breach of
+promise," and obtained a verdict against the defendant. Subsequently
+Messrs. Dodson and Fogg arrested their own client, and lodged her in
+the Fleet.--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BARDE'SANIST (4 _syl_.), a follower of Barde'san, founder of a Gnostic
+sect in the second century.
+
+BARDO BARDI, aged blind scholar, father of Romola. She is his
+colaborer in the studies he pursues despite his infirmity.--George
+Eliot, _Romola_.
+
+BAR'DOLPH, corporal of captain sir John Falstaff, in 1 and 2 _Henry
+IV._ and in _The Merry Wives of Windsor_. In _Henry V._ he is promoted
+to lieutenant, and Nym is corporal. Both are hanged. Bardolph is a
+bravo, but great humorist; he is a lowbred, drunken swaggerer, wholly
+without principle, and always poor. His red, pimply nose is an
+everlasting joke with sir John and others. Sir John in allusion
+thereto calls Bardolph "The Knight of the Burning Lamp." He says to
+him, "Thou art our admiral, and bearest the lantern in the poop."
+Elsewhere he tells the corporal he had saved him a "thousand marks in
+links and torches, walking with him in the night betwixt tavern and
+tavern."--Shakespeare.
+
+  We are much of the mind of Falstaff's tailor.
+  We must have better assurance for sir John than
+  Bardolph's.--Macaulay.
+
+(The reference is to 2 _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2. When Falstaff asks
+Page, "What said Master Dumbleton about the satin for my short cloak
+and slops!" Page replies, "He said, sir, you should procure him better
+assurance than Bardolph. He ... liked not the security.")
+
+BARDON _(Hugh)_, the scout-master in the troop of lieutenant
+Fitzurse.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BAREFOOT BOY, reminiscence of the author's own boyhood in Whittier's
+poem, _The Barefoot Boy_.
+
+  Prince thou art,--the grown-up man
+  Only is republican.
+
+BARERE (2 _syl_.), an advocate of Toulouse, called "The Anacreon of
+the Guillotine." He was president of the Convention, a member of the
+Constitutional Committee, and chief agent in the condemnation to death
+of Louis XVI. As member of the Committee of Public Safety, he decreed
+that "Terror must be the order of the day." In the first empire Barere
+bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from
+France, and retired to Brussels (1755-1841).
+
+  The filthiest and most spiteful Yahoo of the
+  fiction was a noble creature compared with the
+  Barere of history.--Lord Macaulay.
+
+BARFUeSLE, pretty German child, left an orphan at a tender age, and
+cast upon the world. She maintains herself reputably and resists
+many temptations until she is happily married.--Bernard Auerbach,
+_Barfuesle._
+
+BAR'GUEST, a goblin armed with teeth and claws. It would sometimes set
+up in the streets a most fearful scream in the "dead waste and middle
+of the night." The faculty of seeing this monster was limited to a
+few, but those who possessed it could by the touch communicate the
+"gift" to others.--_Fairy Mythology, North of England_.
+
+BAR'GULUS, an Illyrian robber or pirate.
+
+  Bargulus, Illyrius latro, de quo est apud Theopompum
+  magnas opes habuit.--Cicero, _De Officiis_,
+  ii. 11.
+
+BARICONDO, one of the leaders of the Moorish army. He was slain by the
+duke of Clarence.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BARKER (.Mr.), friend to Sowerberry. _Mrs. Barker_, his wife.--W.
+Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_.
+
+BAR'KIS, the carrier who courted [Clara] Peggot'ty, by telling
+David Copperfield when he wrote home to say to his nurse "Barkis is
+willin'." Clara took the hint and became Mrs. Barkis.
+
+  He dies when the tide goes out, confirming the
+  superstition that people can't die till the tide goes
+  out, or be born till it is in. The last words he
+  utters are "Barkis is willin'."--C. Dickens, _David
+  Copperfield_, xxx. (1849).
+
+(Mrs. Quickly says of sir John Falstaff, "'A parted even just between
+twelve and one, e'en at the turning o' the tide."--_Henry V_. act ii.
+sc. 3, 1599.)
+
+BAR'LAHAM AND JOSAPHAT, the heroes and title of a minnesong, the
+object of which was to show the triumph of Christian doctrines over
+paganism. Barlaham is a hermit who converts Josaphat, an Indian
+prince. This "lay" was immensely popular in the Middle Ages, and
+has been translated into every European language.--Rudolf of Ems (a
+minnesinger, thirteenth century).
+
+BARLEY _(Bill)_, Clara's father. Chiefly remarkable for drinking rum,
+and thumping on the floor.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+BARLEYCORN (_Sir John_), Malt-liquor personified. His neighbors vowed
+that sir John should die, so they hired ruffians to "plough him with
+ploughs and bury him;" this they did, and afterwards "combed him with
+harrows and thrust clods on his head," but did not kill him. Then with
+hooks and sickles they "cut his legs off at the knees," bound him like
+a thief, and left him "to wither with the wind," but he died not. They
+now "rent him to the heart," and having "mowed him in a mow," sent two
+bravos to beat him with clubs, and they beat him so sore that "all his
+flesh fell from his bones," but yet he died not. To a kiln they next
+hauled him, and burnt him like a martyr, but he survived the burning.
+They crushed him between two stones, but killed him not. Sir John bore
+no malice for this ill-usage, but did his best to cheer the flagging
+spirits even of his worst persecutors.
+
+[Illustration] This song, from the _English Dancing-Master_ (1651), is
+generally ascribed to Robert Burns, but all that the Scotch poet did
+was slightly to alter parts of it. The same may be said of "Auld lang
+Syne," "Ca' the Yowes," "My Heart is Sair for Somebody," "Green grow
+the Rashes, O!" and several other songs, set down to the credit of
+Burns.
+
+BARLOW, the favorite archer of Henry VIII. He was jocosely created
+by the merry monarch "Duke of Shoreditch," and his two companions
+"Marquis of Islington" and "Earl of Pancras."
+
+_Barlow (Billy)_, a jester, who fancied himself a "mighty potentate."
+He was well known in the east of London, and died in Whitechapel
+workhouse. Some of his sayings were really witty, and some of his
+attitudes truly farcical.
+
+BAR'MECIDE. Schacabac "the hare-lipped," a man in the greatest
+distress, one day called on the rich Barmecide, who in merry jest
+asked him to dine with him. Barmecide first washed in hypothetical
+water, Schacabac followed his example. Barmecide then pretended to eat
+of various dainties, Schacabac did the same, and praised them highly,
+and so the "feast" went on to the close. The story says Barmecide was
+so pleased that Schacabac had the good sense and good temper to enter
+into the spirit of the joke without resentment, that he ordered in
+a real banquet, at which Schacabac was a welcome guest.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("The Barber's Sixth Brother").
+
+BAR'NABAS _(St.)_, a disciple of Gamaliel, cousin of St. Mark, and
+fellow-laborer with St. Paul. He was martyred at Salamis, A.D. 63.
+_St. Barnabas' Day_ is June 11.--_Acts_ iv. 36, 37.
+
+BAR'NABY _(Widow)_, the title and chief character of a novel by Mrs.
+Trollope (1839). The widow is a vulgar, pretentious husband-hunter,
+wholly without principle. _Widow Barnaby_ has a sequel called _The
+Barnabys in America, or The Widow Married_, a satire on America and
+the Americans (1840).
+
+BARNABY RUDGE, a half-witted whose companion is a raven. He is enticed
+into joining the Gordon rioters.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Budge_ (1841).
+(See RUDGE.)
+
+BARNACLE, brother of old Nicholas Cockney, and guardian of Priscilla
+Tomboy of the West Indies. Barnacle is a tradesman of the old school,
+who thinks the foppery and extravagance of the "Cockney" school
+inconsistent with prosperous shop-keeping. Though brusque and
+even ill-mannered, he has good sense and good discernment of
+character.--_The Romp_ (altered from Bickerstaff's _Love in the
+City_).
+
+BARNADINE, malefactor, condemned to death, "who will not die that day,
+upon any man's persuasion."--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_.
+
+BARNES (1 _syl_.), servant to colonel Mannering, at Woodburne.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BARNEY, a repulsive Jew, who waited on the customers at the low
+public-house frequented by Fagin and his associates. Barney always
+spoke through his nose.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BARN'STABLE (_Lieutenant_), in the British navy, in love with Kate
+Plowden, niece of colonel Howard of New York. The alliance not being
+approved of, Kate is removed from England to America, but Barnstable
+goes to America to discover her retreat. In this he succeeds, but
+being seized as a spy, is commanded by colonel Howard to be hung to
+the yardarm of an American frigate called the _Alacrity_. Scarcely is
+the young man led off, when the colonel is informed that Barnstable is
+his own son, and he arrives at the scene of execution just in time
+to save him. Of course after this he marries the lady of his
+affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_ (a burletta).
+
+BARNWELL (_George_), the chief character and title of a tragedy by
+George Lillo. George Barnwell is a London apprentice, who falls in
+love with Sarah Millwood of Shoreditch, who leads him astray. He first
+robs his master of L200. He next robs his uncle, a rich grazier at
+Ludlow, and murders him. Having spent all the money of his iniquity,
+Sarah Millwood turns him off and informs against him. Both are
+executed (1732).
+
+[Illustration] For many years this play was acted on boxing-night, as
+a useful lesson to London apprentices. BARON (_The old English_), a
+romance by Clara Reeve (1777).
+
+BAR'RABAS, the rich "Jew of Malta." He is simply a human monster,
+who kills in sport, poisons whole nunneries, and invents infernal
+machines. Shakespeare's "Shylock" has a humanity in the very whirlwind
+of his resentment, but Marlowe's "Barrabas" is a mere ideal of
+that "thing" which Christian prejudice once deemed a Jew. (See
+BARABAS.)--Marlowe, _The Jew of Malta_ (1586).
+
+_Bar'rabas_, the famous robber and murderer set free instead of Christ
+by desire of the Jews. Called in the New Testament _Barab'has_.
+Marlowe calls the word "Barrabas" in his _Jew of Malta_, and
+Shakespeare says:
+
+  "Would any of the stock of Bar'rabas
+  Had been her husband, rather than a Christian."
+
+  _Merchant of Venice_, act iv. sc. 1 (1598).
+
+BARRY CORNWALL, the _nom de plume_ of Bryan Waller Procter. It is an
+imperfect anagram of his name (1788-1874).
+
+BARSAD (_John), alias_ Solomon Pross, a spy.
+
+  He had an aquiline nose, but not straight,
+  having a peculiar inclination towards the left
+  cheek; expression, therefore, sinister.--C. Dickens,
+  _A Tale of Two Cities_, ii. 16 (1859).
+
+BARSIS'A (_Santon_), in _The Guardian_, the basis of the story called
+_The Monk_, by M. G. Lewis (1796).
+
+BARSTON, _alias_ captain Fenwicke, a jesuit and secret correspondent
+of the conntess of Derby.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BARTHOL'OMEW (_Brother_), guide of the two Philipsons on their way to
+Strasburg.
+
+--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+_Bartholomew (St.)._ His day is August 24, and his symbol a knife, in
+allusion to the knife with which he is said to have been flayed alive.
+
+BARTLEY HUBBARD, the "smart" newspaper-man in _A Modern Instance_, by
+William Dean Howells (1883). He also plies his trade and exhibits his
+assurance in _The Rise of Silas Lapham_ (1885).
+
+BARTOLDO, a rich old miser, who died of fear and want of sustenance.
+Fazio rifled his treasures, and on the accusation of his own wife was
+tried and executed.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815).
+
+_Bartoldo_, same as _Bertoldo_ (_q.v._).
+
+BARTOLI (in French _Barthole_, better known, however, by the Latin
+form of the name, _Bartolus_) was the most famous master of the
+dialectical school of jurists (1313-1356). He was born at Sasso
+Ferrata in Italy, and was professor of Civil Law at the University of
+Perugia. His reputation was at one time immense, and his works were
+quoted as authority in nearly every European court. Hence the French
+proverb, applied to a well-read lawyer, _He knows his "Barthole" as
+well as a Cordelier his "Dormi_" (an anonymous compilation of sermons
+for the use of the Cordelier monks). Another common French expression,
+_Resolu comme Barthole_ ("as decided as Barthole"), is a sort of
+punning allusion to his _Resolutiones Bartoli_, a work in which the
+knottiest questions are solved with _ex cathedra_ peremptoriness.
+
+BAR'TOLUS, a covetous lawyer, husband of Amaran'ta.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+BARTON (_Sir Andrew_), a Scotch sea-officer, who had obtained in 1511
+letters of marque for himself and his two sons, to make reprisals upon
+the subjects of Portugal. The council-board of England, at which the
+earl of Surrey presided, was daily pestered by complaints from British
+merchants and sailors against Barton, and at last it was decided to
+put him down. Two ships were, therefore, placed under the commands of
+sir Thomas and sir Edward Howard, an engagement took place, and sir
+Andrew Barton was slain, bravely fighting. A ballad in two parts,
+called "Sir Andrew Barton," is inserted in Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii.
+12.
+
+BARTRAM, the lime-burner, an obtuse, middle-aged clown in _Ethan
+Brand_ by Nathaniel Hawthorne. When he finds the suicide's skeleton in
+the kiln, the heart whole within the ribs, he congratulates himself
+that "his kiln is half a bushel richer for him" (1846).
+
+BARUCH. _Dites, donc, avez-vous lu Baruch?_ Said when a person puts
+an unexpected question, or makes a startling proposal. It arose thus:
+Lafontaine went one day with Racine to _tenebrae_, and was given a
+Bible. He turned at random to the "Prayer of the Jews," in Baruch, and
+was so struck with it that he said aloud to Racine, "Dites, donc, who
+was this Baruch? Why, do you know, man, he was a fine genius;" and
+for some days afterwards the first question he asked his friends was,
+_Diles, done, Mons., avez-vous lu Baruch?_
+
+BARZIL'LAI (3 _syl_.), the duke of Ormond, a friend and firm adherent
+of Charles II. As Barzillai assisted David when he was expelled by
+Absalom from his kingdom, so Ormond assisted Charles II. when he was
+in exile.
+
+  Barzillai, crowned with honors and with years,...
+  In exile with his god-like prince he mourned,
+  For him he suffered, and with him returned.
+
+Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i.
+
+BASA-ANDRE, the wild woman, a sorceress, married to Basa-Jaun, a
+sort of vampire. Basa-Andre sometimes is a sort of land mermaid (a
+beautiful lady who sits in a cave combing her locks with a golden
+comb). She hates church bells. (See BASA-JAUN.)
+
+BASA-JAUN, a wood-sprite, married to Basa-Andre, a sorceress. Both
+hated the sound of church bells. Three brothers and their sister
+agreed to serve him, but the wood-sprite used to suck blood from the
+finger of the girl, and the brothers resolved to kill him. This they
+accomplished. The Basa-Andre induced the girl to put a tooth into each
+of the footbaths of her brothers, and lo! they became oxen. The girl
+crossing a bridge saw Basa-Andre, and said if she did not restore her
+brothers she would put her into a red-hot oven, so Basa-Andre told the
+girl to give each brother three blows on the back with a hazel wand,
+and on so doing they were restored to their proper forms.--Rev. W.
+Webster, _Basque Legends_, 49 (1877).
+
+BAS BLEU, nickname applied to literary women in the days succeeding
+the French Revolution, made familiar in America by J. K. Paulding's
+_Azure Hose_.
+
+BASHABA, sachem in J. G.L. Whittier's poem, _The Bridal of Pennacock_.
+His beautiful daughter, scorned by the chief to whom Bashaba gave her
+in marriage, and detained against her will by her angry father, steals
+away by night in a canoe and IS drowned in a vain attempt
+
+  To seek the wigwam of her chief once more.
+
+BASHFUL MAN (_The_), a comic drama by
+
+W. T. Moncrieff. Edward Blushington, a young man just come into a
+large fortune, is so bashful and shy that life is a misery to him. He
+dines at Friendly Hall, and makes all sorts of ridiculous blunders.
+His college chum, Frank Friendly, sends word to say that he and his
+sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady Friendly, will dine with him
+at Blushington House. After a few glasses of wine, Edward loses his
+shyness, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted suitor of Dinah
+Friendly.
+
+BASIL, the blacksmith of Grand Pre, in Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_), and
+father of Gabriel the betrothed of Evangeline. When, the colony was
+driven into exile in 1713 by George II., Basil settled in Louisiana,
+and greatly prospered; but his son led a wandering life, looking for
+Evangeline, and died in Pennsylvania of the plague.--Longfellow,
+_Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BASIL MARCH, a clever, cynical, and altogether charming man of letters
+who takes one of the leading parts in William Dean Howells's _Their
+Wedding Journey. A Chance Acquaintance_, and _A Hazard of New
+Fortunes_.
+
+BA'SILE (2 _syl_.), a calumniating, niggardly bigot in _Le Mariage de
+Figaro_, and again in _Le Barbier de Seville_, both by Beaumarchais.
+Basile and Tartuffe are the two French incarnations of religious
+hypocrisy. The former is the clerical humbug, and the latter the
+lay religious hypocrite. Both deal largely in calumny, and trade in
+slander.
+
+BASILIS'CO, a bully and a braggart, in _Solyman and Perseda_ (1592).
+Shakespeare has made Pistol the counterpart of Basilisco.
+
+  Knight, knight, good mother, Basilisco-like.
+
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act i. sc. 1 (1596).
+
+(That is, "my boasting like Basilisco has made me a knight, good
+mother.")
+
+BASILISK, supposed to kill with its gaze the person who looked on it.
+Thus Henry VI. says to Suffolk, "Come, basilisk, and kill the innocent
+gazer with thy sight."
+
+  Natus in ardente Lydiae basiliscus arena,
+  Vulnerat aspectu, luminibusque nocet.
+
+  Mantuanus.
+
+BASILIUS, a neighbor of Quiteria, whom he loved from childhood, but
+when grown up the father of the lady forbade him the house, and
+promised Quiteria in marriage to Camacho, the richest man of the
+vicinity. On their way to church they passed Basilius, who had fallen
+on his sword, and all thought he was at the point of death. He prayed
+Quiteria to marry him, "for his soul's peace," and as it was deemed
+a mere ceremony, they were married in due form. Up then started the
+wounded man, and showed that the stabbing was only a ruse, and the
+blood that of a sheep from the slaughter-house. Camacho gracefully
+accepted the defeat, and allowed the preparations for the general
+feast to proceed.
+
+  Basilius is strong and active, pitches the bar
+  admirably, wrestles with amazing dexterity, and
+  is an excellent cricketer. He runs like a buck,
+  leaps like a wild goat, and plays at skittles like
+  a wizard. Then he has a fine voice for singing,
+  he touches the guitar so as to make it speak, and
+  handles a foil as well as any fencer in Spain.--Cervantes,
+  _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 4 (1615).
+
+BASRIG or BAGSECG, a Scandinavian king, who with Halden or Halfdene
+(2 _syl_.) king of Denmark, in 871, made a descent on Wessex. In this
+year Ethelred fought nine pitched battles with the Danes. The first
+was the battle of Englefield, in Berkshire, lost by the Danes; the
+next was the battle of Beading, won by the Danes; the third was the
+famous battle of AEscesdun or Ashdune (now _Ashton_), lost by the
+Danes, and in which king Bagsecg was slain.
+
+  And Ethelred with them [_the Danes_] nine sundry fields that fought ...
+  Then Reading ye regained, led by that valiant lord,
+  Where Basrig ye outbraved, and Halden sword to sword.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+
+Next year (871) the Danes for the first time entered Wessex.... The
+first place they came to was Reading.... Nine great battles, besides
+smaller skirmishes, were fought this year, in some of which the
+English won, and in others the Danes. First, alderman AEthelwulf fought
+the Danes at Englefield, and beat them. Four days after that there was
+another battle at Reading ... where the Danes had the better of it,
+and AEthelwulf was killed. Four days afterwards there was another more
+famous battle at AEscesdun ... and king AEthelred fought against the
+two kings, and slew Bagsecg with his own hand.--E. A. Freeman, _Old
+English History_ (1869); see Asser, _Life of Alfred_ (ninth century).
+
+
+BASSA'NIO, the lover of Portia, successful in his choice of the three
+caskets, which awarded her to him as wife. It was for Bassanio that
+his friend Antonio borrowed 3000 ducats of the Jew Shylock, on the
+strange condition that if he returned the loan within three months no
+interest should be required, but if not, the Jew might claim a pound
+of Antonio's flesh for forfeiture.--Shakespeare, _Merchant of Venice_
+(1598).
+
+BAS'SET _(Count)_, a swindler and forger, who assumes the title of
+"count" to further his dishonest practices.--C. Cibber, _The Provoked
+Husband_ (1728).
+
+BASSIA'NUS, brother of Satur'nius emperor of Rome, in love with
+Lavin'ia daughter of Titus Andron'icus (properly _Andronicus_). He
+is stabbed by Deme'trius and Chiron, sons of Tam'ora queen of the
+Goths.--(?) Shakespeare, _Titus Andronicus_ (1593).
+
+BASSI'NO _(Count)_, the "perjured husband of Aurelia" slain by
+Alonzo.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Perjured Husband_ (1700).
+
+BASSANIO, a youth of noble birth but crippled fortunes, whose desire
+to win the hand of Portia, a rich heiress, is the moving spring of the
+action of Shakespeare's _The Merchant of Venice_. Portia's father has
+left three caskets, and has ordered in his will that his daughter is
+to marry only the man who chooses the casket that holds her portrait.
+That Bassanio may enter the list of Portia's suitors, his friend
+Antonio borrows money of Shylock, a Jew, who, out of hatred to the
+merchant, entraps him into pledging a pound of his flesh as surety for
+the loan. Bassanio marries Portia, but misfortune overtakes Antonio,
+he forfeits his bond, and his life is only saved by a quibble devised
+by Portia.
+
+BASTARD OF ORLEANS, in Shakespeare's _Henry VI_ Part 1, is Jean Dunois
+a natural son of Louis of Orleans, brother of Charles VI.
+
+BAT (_Dr_.), naturalist in Cooper's _Prairie_, who mistakes his ass at
+night for a monster described in his note-book.
+
+BATES (1 _syl_.), a soldier in the army of Henry V. He with Court and
+Williams are sentinals before the English camp at Agincourt, and the
+king disguised comes to them during the watch, and talks with them
+respecting the impending battle,--Shakespeare, _Henry V_.
+
+_Bates (Charley)_, generally called "Master Bates," one of Fagin's
+"pupils," training to be a pickpocket. He is always laughing
+uproariously, and is almost equal in artifice and adroitness to "The
+Artful Dodger" himself.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+_Bates (Frank)_, the friend of Whittle. A man of good plain sense, who
+tries to laugh the old beau out of his folly.--Garrick, _The Irish
+Widow_ (1757).
+
+BATH (_King of_), Richard Nash, generally called _Beau_ Nash,
+master of-the ceremonies for fifteen years in that fashionable city
+(1674-1761).
+
+_Bath (The Maid of_), Miss Linley, a beautiful and accomplished
+singer, who married Richard B. Sheridan, the statesman and dramatist.
+
+_Bath (The Wife of_), one of the pilgrims travelling from Southwark
+to Canterbury, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_. She tells her tale in
+turn, and chooses "Midas" for her subject (1388).
+
+BATHSHEBA in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_ is Louisa de
+Queronailles, a young French lady brought into England by the Duchess
+of Orleans, and who became the mistress of Charles II. The King made
+her Duchess of Portsmouth.
+
+  My father [_Charles II._] whom with reverence I name ...
+  Is grown in Bathsheba's embraces old.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii.
+
+BATHSHEBA EVERDEIIE, handsome heiress of an English farmstead, beloved
+by two honest men and one knave. She marries the knave in haste, and
+repents it at leisure for years thereafter. Released by his death,
+she marries Gabriel Oak.--Thomas Hardy, _Far from the Madding Crowd_
+(1874).
+
+BATTAR _(Al), i.e. the trenchant_, one of Mahomet's swords.
+
+BATTUS, a shepherd of Arcadia. Having witnessed Mercury's theft of
+Apollo's oxen, he received a cow from the thief to ensure his
+secrecy; but, in order to test his fidelity, Mercury re-appeared soon
+afterwards, and offered him an ox and a cow if he would blab. Battus
+fell into the trap, and was instantly changed into a touchstone.
+
+  When Tantalus in hell sees store and starves;
+  And senseless Battus for a touchstone serves.
+
+Lord Brooke, _Treatise on Monarchie_, iv.
+
+BAU'CIS AND PHILEMON, an aged Phrygian woman and her husband, who
+received Jupiter and Mercury hospitably when every one else in the
+place had refused to entertain them. For this courtesy the gods
+changed the Phrygians' cottage into a magnificent temple, and
+appointed the pious couple over it. They both died at the same time,
+according to their wish, and were converted into two trees before the
+temple.--_Greek and Roman Mythology_.
+
+BAUL'DIE (2 _syl._), stable-boy of Joshua Geddes the quaker.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Red-gauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+_Baul'die_ (2 _syl._), the old shepherd in the introduction of the
+story called _The Black Dwarf_, by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).
+
+BAVIAN FOOL (_The_), one of the characters in the old morris-dance. He
+wore a red cap faced with yellow, a yellow "slabbering-bib," a blue
+doublet, red hose, and black shoes. He represents an overgrown baby,
+but was a tumbler, and mimicked the barking of a dog. The word Bavian
+is derived from _bavon_, a "bib for a slabbering child" (see Cotgrave,
+_French Dictionary_). In modern French _bave_ means "drivel,"
+"slabbering," and the verb _baver_ "to slabber," but the bib is now
+called _bavette_. (See MORRIS-DANCE.)
+
+BAVIE'CA, the Cid's horse. He survived his master two years and a
+half, and was buried at Valencia. No one was ever allowed to mount him
+after the death of the Cid.
+
+BAVIUS, any vile poet. (See MAEVIUS.)
+
+BAWTRY. _Like the saddler of Baivtry, who was hanged for leaving his
+liquor_. (_Yorkshire Proverb_.) It was customary for criminals on
+their way to execution to stop at a certain tavern in York for a
+"parting draught." The saddler of Bawtry refused to accept the liquor,
+and was hanged, whereas if he had stopped a few minutes at the tavern
+his reprieve, which was on the road, would have arrived in time to
+save him.
+
+BA'YARD, _Le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche_; born in France in
+1475. He served under Charles VIII. and Louis XII.; bore a gallant
+part in the "Battle of the Spurs," and died in 1524 of wounds received
+while in action.
+
+_The British Bayard_, sir Philip Sidney (1554-1584).
+
+_The Polish Bayard_, prince Joseph Poniatowski (1763-1814).
+
+_The Bayard of India_, sir James Outram (1803-1863). So called by sir
+Charles Napier.
+
+_Ba'yard_, a horse of incredible speed, belonging to the four sons of
+Aymon. If only one mounted, the horse was of the ordinary size, but
+increased in proportion as two or more mounted. (The word means
+"bright bay color.")--Villeneuve, _Les Quatre fils Aymon_.
+
+_Bayard_, the steed of Fitz-James.--Sir W. Scott, _Lady of the Lake_,
+v. 18 (1810).
+
+BAYAR'DO, the famous steed of Rinaldo, which once belonged to Amadis
+of Gaul. It was found in a grotto by the wizard Malagigi, along with
+the sword Fusberta, both of which he gave to his cousin Rinaldo.
+
+  His color bay, and hence his name he drew--
+  Bayardo called. A star of silver hue
+  Emblazed his front.
+
+Tasso, _Rinaldo_, ii. 220 (1562).
+
+BAYES (1 _syl._), the chief character of _The Rehearsal_, a farce by
+George Villiers, duke of Buckingham (1671). Bayes is represented
+as greedy of applause, impatient of censure, meanly obsequious,
+regardless of plot, and only anxious for claptrap. The character is
+meant for John Dryden.
+
+[Illustration] C. Dibdin, in his _History of the Stage_, states that
+Mrs. Mountford played "Bayes" "with more variety than had ever been
+thrown into the part before."
+
+  No species of novel-writing exposes itself to a
+  severer trial, since it not only resigns all Bayes'
+  pretensions "to elevate the imagination," ... but
+  places its productions within the range
+  of [general] criticism.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Romance."
+
+BAYNARD (_Mr._), introduced in an episode in the novel called
+_Humphrey Clinker_, by Smollett (1771).
+
+BEA'CON (_Tom_), groom to Master Chiffinch (private emissary of
+Charles II.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+BEA'GLE (_Sir Harry_), a horsy country gentleman, who can talk of
+nothing but horses and dogs. He is wofully rustic and commonplace. Sir
+Harry makes a bargain with lord Trinket to give up Harriet to him in
+exchange for his horse. (See GOLDFINCH.)--George Colman, _The Jealous
+Wife_ (1761).
+
+BEAK. Sir John Fielding was called "The Blind Beak" (died 1780). BEAN
+LEAN (_Donald_), _alias_ Will Ruthven, a Highland robber-chief.
+He also appears disguised as a peddler on the roadside leading to
+Stirling. Waverley is rowed to the robber's cave and remains there all
+night.
+
+_Alice Bean_, daughter of Donald Bean Lean, who attends on Waverley
+during a fever.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BEAR (_The Brave_). Warwick is so called from his cognizance, which
+was _a bear and ragged staff_.
+
+BEARCLIFF (_Deacon_), at the Gordon Arms or Kippletringam inn, where
+colonel Mannering stops on his return to England, and hears of
+Bertram's illness and distress.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BEARDED (_The_). (1) Geoffrey the crusader. (2) Bouchard of the house
+of Montmorency. (3) Constantine IV. (648-685). (4) Master George
+Killingworthe of the court of Ivan _the Terrible_ of Russia, whose
+beard (says Hakluyt) was five feet two inches long, yellow, thick, and
+broad. Sir Hugh Willoughby was allowed to take it in his hand.
+
+_The Bearded Master_. Soc'rates was so called by Persius (B.C.
+468-399).
+
+_Handsome Beard_, Baldwin IV. earl of Flanders (1160-1186).
+
+_John the Bearded_, John Mayo, the German painter, whose beard touched
+the ground when he stood upright.
+
+BEARNAIS (_Le_), Henri IV. of France, so called from his native
+province, Le Bearr. (1553-1610).
+
+BEATON, the artist of _Every Other Week_, the story of which
+periodical is told in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_
+(1889).
+
+His name was Beaton--Angus Beaton. His father was a Scotchman, but
+Beaton was born in Syracuse, New York, and it had taken only three
+years to obliterate many traces of native and ancestral manner in him.
+He wore his thick beard cut shorter than his moustache, and a little
+pointed; he stood with his shoulders well thrown back, and with a
+lateral curve of his person when he talked about art which would alone
+have carried conviction, even if he had not had a thick, dark bang
+coming almost to the brows of his mobile gray eyes, and had not spoken
+English with quick, staccato impulses, so as to give it the effect of
+epigrammatic and sententious French.
+
+BE'ATRICE (3 _syl_.), a child eight years old, to whom Dante at the
+age of nine was ardently attached. She was the daughter of Folco
+Portina'ri, a rich citizen of Florence. Beatrice married Simoni de
+Bardi, and died before she was twenty-four years old (1266-1290).
+Dante married Gemma Donati, and his marriage was a most unhappy one.
+His love for Beatrice remained after her decease. She was the fountain
+of his poetic inspiration, and in his _Divina Commedia_ he makes her
+his guide through paradise.
+
+Dante's Beatrice and Milton's Eve Were not drawn from their spouses
+you conceive. Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 10 (1820).
+
+(Milton, who married Mary Powell, of Oxfordshire, was as unfortunate
+in his choice as Dante.)
+
+_Beatrice_, wife of Ludov'ico Sforza.
+
+_Beatrice_, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, sister of Leonora
+duchess of Ferrara, and wife of Mathias Corvi'nus of Hungary.
+
+_Beatrice_, niece of Leonato governor of Messina, lively and
+light-hearted, affectionate and impulsive. Though wilful she is not
+wayward, though volatile she is not unfeeling, though teeming with wit
+and gaiety she is affectionate and energetic. At first she dislikes
+Benedick, and thinks him a flippant conceited coxcomb; but overhearing
+a conversation between her cousin Hero and her gentlewoman, in which
+Hero bewails that Beatrice should trifle with such deep love as that
+of Benedick, and should scorn so true and good a gentleman, she cries,
+"Sits the wind thus? then, farewell, contempt. Benedick, love on; I
+will requite you." This conversation of Hero's was a mere ruse, but
+Benedick had been caught by a similar trick played by Claudio, don
+Pedro, and Leonato. The result was they sincerely loved each other,
+and were married.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+BEATRICE CENCI, the _Beautiful Parricide (q.v.)._
+
+BEATRICE D'ESTE, canonized at Rome.
+
+BEATRICE GIORGINI, an Italian contessa whose parents contract a secret
+marriage, an unequal match as to birth and fortune, and, dying young,
+one by violence, leave their child in charge of Betta, a faithful
+nurse, who takes her to her mother's mother, an old peasant. At her
+grandmother's death she becomes companion to a relative of her father;
+marries don Leonardo, her father's cousin and one of the witnesses to
+the secret marriage, and uses him to prove her legitimacy and his own
+treachery.--Mary Agnes Tincker, _Two Coronets_ (1889).
+
+BEAU BRUMMEL, George Bryan Brummel, son of a London pastry-cook, who
+became the fashion at the court of George III. and reigning favorite
+of the Prince of Wales. His story has been made the foundation of a
+brilliant American play by Clyde Fitch, in which Richard Mansfield
+takes the part of Brummel (1890).
+
+BEAU CLARK, a billiard-maker at the beginning of the nineteenth
+century. He was called "The Bean," assumed the name of _Beauelerc_,
+and paid his addresses to a _protegee_ of lord Fife.
+
+BEAU FIELDING, called "Handsome Fielding" by Charles II., by a play on
+his name, which was Hendrome Fielding. He died in Scotland Yard.
+
+BEAU HEWITT was the original of sir George Etherege's "Sir Fopling
+Flutter," in the comedy called _The Man of Mode or Sir Fopling
+Flutter_ (1676).
+
+BEAU NASH, Richard Nash, called also "King of Bath;" a Welsh
+gentleman, who for fifteen years managed the bath-rooms of Bath, and
+conducted the balls with unparalleled splendor and decorum. In his old
+age he sank into poverty (1674-1761).
+
+BEAU D'ORSAY _(Le)_, father of count d'Orsay, whom Byron calls "_Jeune
+Cupidon._"
+
+BEAU SEANT, the Templars' banner, half white and half black; the white
+signified that the Templars were good to Christians, the black, that
+they were evil to infidels.
+
+BEAU TIBBS, in Goldsmith's _Citizen of the World_, a dandy noted for
+his finery, vanity, and poverty.
+
+BEAUCLERK, Henry I. king of England (1068, 1100-1135).
+
+BEAUFORT, the lover of Maria Wilding, whom he ultimately marries.--A.
+Murphy, _The Citizen_ (a farce).
+
+BEAUJEU (_Mons. le chevalier de_), keeper of a gambling-house to which
+Dalgarno takes Nigel.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James
+I.).
+
+_Beaujeu_ (_Mons. le comte de_), a French officer in the army of the
+Chevalier Charles Edward, the Pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_
+(time, George II.).
+
+BEAUMAINS ("_big hands_"), a nickname which sir Key (Arthur's steward)
+gave to Gareth when he was kitchen drudge in the palace. "He had the
+largest hands that ever man saw." Gareth was the son of king Lot and
+Margawse (king Arthur's sister). His brothers were sir Gaw'ain, sir
+Agravain, and sir Gaheris. Mordred was his half-brother.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 120 (1470).
+
+[Illustration] His achievements are given under the name "Gareth"
+(q.v.).
+
+Tennyson, in his _Gareth and Lynette_, makes sir Key tauntingly
+address Lancelot thus, referring to Gareth:
+
+  Fair and fine, forsooth!
+  Sir Fine-face, sir Fair-hands? But see thou to it
+  That thine own fineness, Lancelot, some fine day,
+  Undo thee not.
+
+Be it remembered that Key himself called Gareth "Beaumain" from the
+extraordinary size of the lad's hands; but the taunt put into the
+mouth of Key by the poet indicates that the lad prided himself on his
+"fine" face and "fair" hands, which is not the case. If "fair hands"
+is a translation of this nickname, it should be "fine hands," which
+bears the equivocal sense of _big_ and _beautiful_.
+
+BEAU'MANOIR (_Sir Lucas_), Grand-Master of the Knights Templars.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BEAUPRE [_Bo-pray_'], son of judge Vertaigne (2 _syl_.) and brother of
+Lami'ra.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+BEAUTE (2 _syl_). _La dame de Beaute_. Agnes Sorel, so called from the
+chateau de Beaute, on the banks of the Marne, given to her by Charles
+VII. (1409-1450).
+
+BEAUTIFUL CORISANDE (3 _syl_). Diane comtesse de Guiche et de
+Grammont. She was the daughter of Paul d'Andouins, and married
+Philibert de Grammont, who died in 1580. The widow outlived her
+husband for twenty-six years. Henri IV., before he was king of
+Navarre, was desperately smitten by La belle Corisande, and when Henri
+was at war with the League, she sold her diamonds to raise for him a
+levy of 20,000 Gascons (1554-1620).
+
+(The letters of Henri to Corisande are still preserved in the
+_Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal_, and were published in 1769.)
+
+BEAUTIFUL PARRICIDE (_The_), Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a Roman
+nobleman, who plotted the death of her father because he violently
+defiled her. She was executed in 1605. Shelley has a tragedy on the
+subject, entitled _The Cenci_. Guido Reni's portrait of Beatrice is
+well known through its numberless reproductions.
+
+BEAUTY (_Queen of_). So the daughter of Schems'edeen' Mohammed, vizier
+of Egypt, was called. She married her cousin, Bed'redeen' Hassan, son
+of Nour'edeen' Ali, vizier of Basora.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen
+Ali," etc.).
+
+BEAUTY AND THE BEAST (_La Belle et la Bete_'), from _Les Contes
+Marines_ of Mde. Villeneuvre (1740), the most beautiful of all nursery
+tales. A young and lovely woman saved her father by putting herself in
+the power of a frightful but kind-hearted monster, whose respectful
+affection and melancholy overcame her aversion to his ugliness, and
+she consented to become his bride. Being thus freed from enchantment,
+the monster assumed his proper form and became a young and handsome
+prince.
+
+BEAUTY OF BUTTERMERE (3 syl.), Mary Robinson, who married John
+Hatfield, a heartless impostor executed for forgery at Carlisle in
+1803.
+
+BEAUX' STRATAGEM (_The_), by George Farquhar. Thomas viscount Aimwell
+and his friend Archer (the two beaux), having run through all their
+money, set out fortune-hunting, and come to Lichfield as "master and
+man." Aimwell pretends to be very unwell, and as lady Bountiful's
+hobby is tending the sick and playing the leech, she orders him to
+be removed to her mansion. Here he and Dorinda (daughter of lady
+Bountiful) fall in love with each other, and finally marry. Archer
+falls in love with Mrs. Sullen, the wife of squire Sullen, who had
+been married fourteen months but agreed to a divorce on the score of
+incompatibility of tastes and temper. This marriage forms no part
+of the play; all we are told is that she returns to the roof of her
+brother, sir Charles Freeman (1707).
+
+BEDE (_Adam_ and _Seth_), brothers, carpenters. Seth loves the fair
+gospeller Dinah Morris, but she marries Adam.--George Eliot, _Adam
+Bede_.
+
+_Bede (Cuthbert_), the Rev. Edward Bradley, author of _The Adventures
+of Mr. Verdant Green, an Oxford Freshman_ (1857).
+
+BED'ER ("_the full moon_"), son of Gulna're (3 syl.), the young king
+of Persia. As his mother was an under-sea princess, he was enabled to
+live under water as well as on land. Beder was a young man of handsome
+person, quick parts, agreeable manners, and amiable disposition. He
+fell in love with Giauha're, daughter of the king of Samandal, the
+most powerful of the under-sea empires, but Giauhare changed him into
+a white bird with red beak and red legs. After various adventures,
+Beder resumed his human form and married Giauhare.--_Arabian Nights_
+("Beder and Giauhare").
+
+BED'IVERE (_Sir_) or BED'IVER, king Arthur's butler and a knight of
+the Round Table. He was the last of Arthur's knights, and was sent by
+the dying king to throw his sword Excalibur into the mere. Being cast
+in, it was caught by an arm "clothed in white samite," and drawn into
+the stream.--Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_.
+
+Tennyson's _Morte d'Arthur_ is a very close and in many parts a verbal
+rendering of the same tale in sir Thomas Malory's _Morte d'Arthur_,
+iii. 168 (1470).
+
+BEDLOE (_Augustus_), an eccentric Virginian, an opium-eater, and
+easily hypnotized, in Edgar Allan Poe's _Tale of the Ragged Mountains_
+(1846).
+
+
+BEDOTT (_Widow_). (See HEZEKIAH BEDOTT.)
+
+BED'OUINS [_Bed'.winz_], nomadic tribes of Arabia. In common
+parlance, "the homeless street poor." Thus gutter-children are called
+"Bedouins."
+
+BED'REDEEN' HAS'SAN of Baso'ra, son of Nour'edeen' Ali grand vizier
+of Basora, and nephew to Schems'edeen' Mohammed vizier of Egypt. His
+beauty was transcendent and his talents of the first order. When
+twenty years old his father died, and the sultan, angry with him for
+keeping from court, confiscated all his goods, and would have seized
+Bedredeen if he had not made his escape. During sleep he was conveyed
+by fairies to Cairo, and substituted for an ugly groom (Hunchback) to
+whom his cousin, the Queen of Beauty, was to have been married. Next
+day he was carried off by the same means to Damascus, where he lived
+for ten years as a pastry-cook. Search was made for him, and the
+search party, halting outside the city of Damascus, sent for some
+cheese-cakes. When the cheese-cakes arrived, the widow of Nouredeen
+declared that they must have been made by her son, for no one else
+knew the secret of making them, and that she herself had taught it to
+him. On hearing this, the vizier ordered Bedredeen to be seized, "for
+making cheese-cakes without pepper," and the joke was carried on till
+the party arrived at Cairo, when the pastry-cook prince was reunited
+to his wife, the Queen of Beauty.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali,"
+etc.).
+
+BEDWIN (_Mrs._), housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. A kind, motherly soul,
+who loves Oliver Twist most dearly.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_
+(1837).
+
+BEE OF ATTICA, Soph'ocles the dramatist (B.C. 495-405). The "Athenian
+Bee" was Plato the philosopher (B.C. 428-347).
+
+  The Bee of Attica rivalled AEschylus when in
+  the possession of the stage.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+  Drama._
+
+BEEF'INGTON (_Milor_), introduced in _The Rovers._ Casimir is a Polish
+emigrant, and Beefington an English nobleman exiled by the tyranny of
+king John.--_Anti-Jacobin._
+
+  "Will without power," said the sagacious Casimir,
+  to Milor Beefington, "is like children playing
+  at soldiers."--Macaulay.
+
+BE'ELZELBUB (4 _syl_.), called "prince of the devils" (_Matt._ xii.
+24), worshipped at Ekron, a city of the Philistines (2 _Kings_ i. 2),
+and made by Milton second to Satan.
+
+  One next himself in power and next in crime--Beelzebub.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, i. 80 (1665).
+
+BEE'NIE (2 _syl_.), chambermaid at Old St. Ronan's inn, held by Meg
+Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BEES (_Telling the_), a superstition still prevalent in some rural
+districts that the bees must be told at once if a death occur in the
+family, or every swarm will take flight. In Whittier's poem, _Telling
+the Bees_, the lover coming to visit his mistress sees the small
+servant draping the hives with black, and hears her chant:
+
+  "Stay at home, pretty bees, fly not hence,
+  Mistress Mary is dead and gone."
+
+BEFA'NA, the good fairy of Italian children. She is supposed to fill
+their shoes and socks with toys when they go to bed on Twelfth Night.
+Some one enters the bedroom for the purpose, and the wakeful youngters
+cry out, "_Ecco la Befana!_" According to legend, Befana was too busy
+with house affairs to take heed of the Magi when they went to offer
+their gifts, and said she would stop for their return; but they
+returned by another way, and Befana every Twelfth Night watches to see
+them. The name is a corruption of _Epiphania_.
+
+BEG (_Callum_), page to Fergus M'Ivor, in _Waverley_, a novel by sir
+W. Scott (time, George II.).
+
+_Beg (Toshach)_, MacGillie Chattanach's second at the combat.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (recast and
+produced, 1834). Bess, daughter of Albert, "the blind beggar of
+Bethnal Green," was intensely loved by Wilford, who first saw her
+in the streets of London, and subsequently, after diligent search,
+discovered her in the Queen's Arms inn at Romford. It turned out that
+her father Albert was brother to lord Woodville, and Wilford was his
+truant son, so that Bess was his cousin Queen Elizabeth sanctioned
+their nuptials, and took them under her own conduct. (See BLIND.)
+
+BEGGARS (_King of the_), Bampfylde Moore Carew. He succeeded Clause
+Patch (1693, 1730-1770).
+
+BEGGAR'S DAUGHTER (_The_), "Bessee the beggar's daughter of Bethnal
+Green," was very beautiful, and was courted by four suitors at
+once--a knight, a country squire, a rich merchant, and the son of an
+inn-keeper at Romford. She told them all they must first obtain the
+consent of her poor blind father, the beggar of Bethnal Green, and all
+slunk off except the knight, who went and asked leave to marry "the
+pretty Bessee." The beggar gave her for a "dot," L3000, and L100 for
+her trousseau, and informed the knight that he (the beggar) was Henry,
+son and heir of sir Simon de Montfort, and that he had disguised
+himself as a beggar to escape the vigilance of spies, who were in
+quest of all those engaged on the baron's side in the battle of
+Evesham.--Percy's _Reliques_, II. ii 10.
+
+The value of money was about twelve times more than its present
+purchase value, so that the "dot" given was equal to L36,000.
+
+BEGGAR'S OPERA (_The_), by Gay (1727). The beggar is captain Macheath.
+(For plot, see MACHEATH.)
+
+BEGGAR'S PETITION (_The_), a poem by the Rev. Thomas Moss, minister
+of Brierly Hill and Trentham, in Staffordshire. It was given to Mr.
+Smart, the printer, of Wolverhampton.--_Gentleman's Magazine_, lxx.
+41. BEGUINES [_Beg-wins_], the earliest of all lay societies of women
+united for religious purposes. Brabant says the order received its
+name from St. Begga, daughter of Pepin, who founded it at Namur',
+in 696; but it is more likely to be derived from _le Begue_ ("the
+Stammerer"); and if so, it was founded at Liege, in 1180.
+
+BEH'RAM, captain of the ship which was to convey prince Assad to the
+"mountain of fire," where he was to be offered up in sacrifice. The
+ship being driven on the shores of queen Margia'na's kingdom, Assad
+became her slave, but was recaptured by Behram's crew, and carried
+back to the ship. The queen next day gave the ship chase. Assad was
+thrown overboard, and swam to the city whence he started. Behram also
+was drifted to the same place. Here the captain fell in with the
+prince, and reconducted him to the original dungeon. Bosta'na, a
+daughter of the old fire-worshipper, taking pity on the prince,
+released him; and, at the end, Assad married queen Margiana, Bostana
+married prince Amgiad (half-brother of Assad), and Behram, renouncing
+his religion, became a mussulman, and entered the service of Amgiad,
+who became king of the city.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+BELA'RIUS, a nobleman and soldier in the army of Cym'beline (3 _syl._)
+king of Britain. Two villains having sworn to the king that he was
+"confederate with the Romans," he was banished, and for twenty years
+lived in a cave; but he stole away the two infant sons of the king out
+of revenge. Their names were Guide'rius and Arvir'agus. When these two
+princes were grown to manhood, a battle was fought between the Romans
+and Britons, in which Cymbeline was made prisoner, but Belarius coming
+to the rescue, the king was liberated and the Roman general in turn
+was made captive. Belarius was now reconciled to Cymbeline, and
+presenting to him the two young men, told their story; whereupon they
+were publicly acknowledged to be the sons of Cymbeline and princes of
+the realm.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+BEL BREE, wide-awake country girl in _The Other Girls_, by A.D.T.
+Whitney. Dissatisfied with rustic life, she accompanies aunt Blin, a
+dressmaker, to Boston, works hard, is exposed to the temptations that
+beset a pretty girl in a city, but resists them. She is thrown out
+of work by the Boston fire, and "enters service" with satisfactory
+consequences to all concerned.
+
+BELCH (_Sir Toby_), uncle of Olivia the rich countess of Illyria. He
+is a reckless roysterer of the old school, and a friend of sir Andrew
+Ague-cheek.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+BELCOUR, a foundling adopted by Mr. Belcour, a rich Jamaica merchant,
+who at death left him all his property. He was in truth the son of Mr.
+Stockwell, the clerk of Belcour, senior, who clandestinely married his
+master's daughter, and afterwards became a wealthy merchant. On the
+death of old Belcour, the young man came to England as the guest of
+his unknown father, fell in love with Miss Dudley, and married her.
+He was hot-blooded, impulsive, high-spirited, and generous, his very
+faults serving as a foil to his noble qualities; ever erring and
+repenting, offending and atoning for his offences.--Cumberland, _The
+West Indian_ (1771).
+
+BE'LED, one of the six Wise Men of the East, led by the guiding star
+to Jesus. He was a king, who gave to his enemy who sought to
+dethrone him half of his kingdom, and thus turned a foe into a fast
+friend.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, v. (1747).
+
+BELERMA, the lady whom Durandarte served for seven years as a
+knight-errant and peer of France. When, at length, he died at
+Roncesvalles, he prayed his cousin Montesi'nos to carry his heart to
+Belerma.
+
+I saw a procession of beautiful damsels in mourning, with white
+turbans on their heads. In the rear came a lady with a veil so long
+that it reached the ground: her turban was twice as large as the
+largest of the others; her eyebrows were joined, her nose was rather
+flat, her mouth wide, but her lips of a vermilion color. Her teeth
+were thin-set and irregular, though very white; and she carried in her
+hand a fine linen cloth, containing a heart. Montesinos informed me
+that this lady was Belerma.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. ii. 6
+(1615).
+
+BELE'SES (3 _syl_.), a Chaldaean soothsayer and Assyrian satrap, who
+told Arba'ces (3 _syl_.) governor of Me'dia, that he would one day
+sit on the throne of Nineveh and Assyria. His prophecy came true,
+and Beleses was rewarded with the government of Babylon.--Byron,
+_Sardanapalus_ (1819).
+
+BEL'FIELD _(Brothers)._ The elder brother is a squire in Cornwall,
+betrothed to Sophia (daughter of sir Benjamin Dove), who loves his
+younger brother Bob. The younger brother is driven to sea by the
+cruelty of the squire, but on his return renews his acquaintance
+with Sophia. He is informed of her unwilling betrothal to the elder
+brother, who is already married to Violetta, but parted from her.
+Violetta returns home in the same ship as Bob Belfield, becomes
+reconciled to her husband, and the younger brother marries
+Sophia.--Rich. Cumberland, _The Brothers_ (1769).
+
+BEL'FORD, a friend of Lovelace (2 _syl_.). They made a covenant
+to pardon every sort of liberty which they took with each
+other.--Richardson, _Clarissa Harlowe_ (1749).
+
+_Belford (Major)_, the friend of colonel Tamper, and the plighted
+hnsband of Mdlle. Florival.--G. Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_
+(1762).
+
+BELGE (2 _syl_.), the mother of seventeen sons. She applied to queen
+Mercilla for aid against Geryon'eo, who had deprived her of all her
+offspring except five.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 10 (1596).
+
+[Illustration] "Beige" is Holland, the "seventeen sons" are the
+seventeen provinces which once belonged to her; "Geryoneo" is Philip
+II. of Spain; and "Mercilla" is queen Elizabeth.
+
+BELIAL, sons of, in the Bible _passim_ means the lewd and profligate.
+Milton has created the personality of Belial:
+
+  Belial came last; than whom a spirit more lewd
+  Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love
+  Vice for itself. To him no temple stood
+  Or altar smoked; yet who more oft than he
+  In temples, and at altars, when the priest
+  Tarns atheist, as did Eli's sons, who filled
+  With lust and violence the house of God?
+  In courts and palaces he also reigns,
+  And in luxurious cities, where the noise
+  Of riot ascends above their loftiest towers
+  And injury and outrage; and when night
+  Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons
+  Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 490
+
+  On the other side up rose
+  Belial, in act more graceful and humane;
+  A fairer person lost not Heaven; he seemed
+  For dignity composed, and high exploit.
+  But all was false and hollow; though his tongue.
+  Dropt manna, and could make the worse appear
+  The better reason, to perplex and dash
+  Maturest counsels; for his thoughts were low
+  To vice industrious, but to nobler deeds
+  Timorous and slothful.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ii. 108.
+
+BELIA'NIS OF GREECE _(Don)_, the hero of an old romance of chivalry
+on the model of _Am'adis de Gaul_. It was one of the books in don
+Quixote's library, but was not one of those burnt by the cure as
+pernicious and worthless.
+
+"Don Belianis," said the cure, "with its two, three, and four parts,
+hath need of a dose of rhubarb to purge off that mass of bile with
+which he is inflamed. His Castle of Fame and other impertinences
+should be totally obliterated. This done, we would show him lenity in
+proportion as we found him capable of reform. Take don Belianis
+home with you, and keep him in close confinement."--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).
+
+BELINDA, niece and companion of lady John Brute. Young, pretty, full
+of fun, and possessed of L10,000. Heartfree marries her.--Vanbrugh,
+_The Provoked Wife_ (1697).
+
+_Belin'da_, the heroine of Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. This mock heroic
+is founded on the following incident:--Lord Petre cut a lock of hair
+from the head of Miss Arabella Fermor, and the young lady resented the
+liberty as an unpardonable affront. The poet says Belinda wore on her
+neck two curls, one of which the baron cut off with a pair of scissors
+borrowed of Clarissa, and when Belinda angrily demanded that it should
+be delivered up, it had flown to the skies and become a meteor there.
+(See BERENICE.)
+
+_Belinda_, daughter of Mr. Blandford, in love with Beverley the
+brother of Clarissa. Her father promised sir William Bellmont that
+she should marry his son George, but George was already engaged
+to Clarissa. Belinda was very handsome, very independent, most
+irreproachable, and devotedly attached to Beverley. When he hinted
+suspicions of infidelity, she was too proud to deny their truth, but
+her pure and ardent love instantly rebuked her for giving her lover
+causeless pain.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+_Belin'da_, the heroine of Miss Edgeworth's novel of the same name.
+The object of the tale is to make the reader _feel_ what is good, and
+pursue it (1803).
+
+_Belin'da_, a lodging-house servant-girl, very poor, very dirty,
+very kind-hearted, and shrewd in observation. She married, and Mr.
+Middlewick the butter-man set her husband up in business in the butter
+line.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875).
+
+BELINE (2 _syl_.), second wife of Argan the _malade imaginaire_, and
+step-mother of Angelique, whom she hates. Beline pretends to love
+Argan devotedly, humors him in all his whims, calls him "mon fils,"
+and makes him believe that if he were to die it would be the death of
+her. Toinette induces Argan to put these specious protestations to the
+test by pretending to be dead. He does so, and when Beline enters the
+room, instead of deploring her loss, she cries in ecstasy:
+
+"Le ciel en soit loue! Me voila delivree d'un pesant fardeau!... de
+quoi servait-il sur la terre? Un homme incommode a tout le monde,
+malpropre, degoutant ... mouchant, toussant, crachant toujours, sans
+esprit, ennuyeux, de manvaise humeur, fatiguant sans cesse les gens,
+et grondant jour et nuit servantes et valets."--(iii. 18).
+
+She then proceeds to ransack the room for bonds, leases, and money;
+but Argan starts up and tells her she has taught him one useful lesson
+for life at any rate.--Moliere, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+BELISA'RIUS, the greatest of Justinian's generals. Being accused of
+treason, he was deprived of all his property, and his eyes were put
+out. In this state he retired to Constantinople, where he lived by
+begging. The story says he fastened a label to his hat, containing
+these words, "_Give an obolus to poor old Belisarius_." Marmontel has
+written a tale called _Belisaire_, which has helped to perpetuate
+these fables, originally invented by Tzetzes or Caesios, a Greek poet,
+born at Constantinople in 1120.
+
+BELISE (2 _syl_.), sister of Philaminte (3 _syl_.), and, like her,
+a _femme savante_. She imagines that every one is in love with
+her.--Moliere, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+BELL (_Adam_), a wild, north-country outlaw, noted, like Robin Hood,
+for his skill in archery. His place of residence was Englewood Forest,
+near Carlisle; and his two comrades were Clym of the Clough [_Clement
+of the Cliff_] and William of Cloudesly (3 _syl_.). William was
+married, but the other two were not. When William was captured at
+Carlisle, and was led to execution, Adam and Clym rescued him, and
+all three went to London to crave pardon of the king, which, at the
+queen's intercession, was granted them. They then showed the king
+specimens of their skill in archery, and the king was so well pleased
+that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the two others yeomen of
+the bedchamber.--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Adam Bell," etc.), I. ii. I.
+
+_Bell_. Anne, Charlotte, and Emily Bronte assumed the _noms de plume_
+of Acton, Currer, and Ellis Bell (first half of the nineteenth
+century). Currer Bell or Bronte married the Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls.
+She was the author of _Jane Eyre_.
+
+It will be observed that the initial letter of both names is in every
+case preserved throughout--_Acton_ (Anne), _Currer_ (Charlotte),
+_Ellis_ (Emily), and _Bell_ (Bronte).
+
+_Bell_ (_Bessy_). Bessy Bell and Mary Gray were the daughters of two
+country gentlemen near Perth. When the plague broke out in 1666 they
+built for themselves a bower in a very romantic spot called Burn
+Braes, to which they retired, and were supplied with food, etc., by a
+young man who was in love with both of them. The young man caught
+the plague, communicated it to the two young ladies, and all three
+died.--Allan Eamsay, _Bessy Bell and Mary Gray_ (a ballad).
+
+_Bell (Peter)_, the subject of a "tale in verse" by Wordsworth.
+Shelley wrote a burlesque upon it, entitled _Peter Bell the Third._
+
+_Bell (The Old Chapel_) J. G. Saxe's poem under this title is founded
+upon a legend of a boy, who, wandering in a churchyard, hears a
+musical articulate murmur from a disused bell hidden by matted grass.
+
+  Its very name and date concealed
+  Beneath a cankering crust. (1859.)
+
+BELL-THE-CAT, sobriquet of Archibald Douglas, great-earl of Angus, who
+died in 1514.
+
+The mice, being much annoyed by the persecutions of a cat, resolved
+that a bell should be hung about her neck to give notice of her
+approach. The measure was agreed to in full council, but one of the
+sager mice inquired, "Who would undertake to bell the cat?" When
+Lauder told this fable to a council of Scotch nobles, met to declaim
+against one Cochran, Archibald Douglas started up and exclaimed in
+thunder, "I will;" and hence the sobriquet referred to.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Tales of a Grandfather_, xxii.
+
+BELLA, sweet girl-cousin, the first love and life-long friend of the
+hero of _Dream-Life_, by Ik Marvel. Re-visiting his native place after
+years of foreign travel, he learns that Bella is dead, and goes to her
+grave, where dry leaves are entangled in the long grass, "giving it a
+ragged, terrible look" (1851).
+
+BELLA WILFER, a lovely, wilful, lively spoilt darling. She married
+John Rokesmith (i.e., John Harmon).--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_
+(1864).
+
+BELLAMY, a steady young man, looking out for a wife "capable of
+friendship, love, and tenderness, with good sense enough to be easy,
+and good nature enough to like him." He found his beau-ideal in
+Jacintha, who had besides a fortune of L30,000.--Dr. Hoadly, _The
+Suspicious Husband_ (1761).
+
+BELLA'RIO, the assumed name of Euphrasia, when she put on boy's
+apparel that she might enter the service of prince Philaster, whom
+she greatly loved.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster, or Love Lies
+A-Bleeding_ (1622).
+
+BELLASTON (_Lady_), a profligate, from whom Tom Jones accepts support.
+Her conduct and conversation may be considered a fair photograph of
+the "beauties" of the court of George II.--Fielding, _History of Tom
+Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+  The character of Jones, otherwise a model of
+  generosity, openness, and manly spirit, mingled
+  with thoughtless dissipation, is unnecessarily degraded
+  by the nature of his intercourse with lady
+  Bellaston.--_Encyc. Brit._ Art. "Fielding."
+
+BELLE CORDIERE (_La_), Louise Labe, who married Ennemond Perrin, a
+wealthy rope-maker (1526-1566).
+
+BELLE CORISANDE (_La_), Diane comtesse de Gruiche et de Grammont
+(1554-1620).
+
+BELLEFONTAINE _(Benedict)_, the wealthy farmer of Grande Pre [_Nova
+Scotia_] and father of Evangeline. When the inhabitants of his village
+were driven into exile, Benedict died of a broken heart as he was
+about to embark, and was buried on the sea-shore.--Longfellow,
+_Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BEL'LENDEN (_Lady Margaret_), an old Tory lady, mistress of the Tower
+of Tillietudlem.
+
+_Old major Miles Bellenden_, brother of lady Margaret.
+
+_Miss Edith Bellenden_, granddaughter of lady Margaret, betrothed to
+lord Evendale, of the king's army, but in love with Morton (a leader
+of the covenanters and the hero of the novel). After the death of
+lord Evendale, who is shot by Balfour, Edith marries Morton, and this
+terminates the tale.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+BELLERO'PHON was falsely accused by Antea, wife of Proetos, King of
+Argos, and the enraged husband sent him to Lycia, to King Iobates, the
+father of Antea, with sealed tablets, asking that the bearer might be
+put to death. Iobates sent the youth on dangerous errands, but he came
+off unharmed from all. Among other exploits he killed the Chimaera and
+slew the Amazons. Later, he tried to mount to Olympus on the winged
+horse Pegasus, but he fell and wandered about in melancholy madness
+on the Aleian field until he died. This peculiar form of madness is
+called _morbus Bellerophonteus_. Homer tells the story of Bellerophon
+in the Iliad, Book VI. Milton alludes to him, _Paradise Lost_, VII.
+15-20. Hawthorne has told the story of the Chimaera in _A Wonder Book._
+
+BELLE'RUS is the name of a personage invented by Milton as the
+supposed guardian of Land's End in Cornwall, the Bellerium of the
+Romans. In questioning as to where the body of the drowned Lycidas
+q.v. has been carried by the waves, he asks:
+
+  Or whether thou to our moist vows denied
+  Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old.
+
+_Lycidas_, 159-60.
+
+BELLE'S STRATAGEM (_The_). The "belle" is Letitia Hardy, and her
+stratagem was for the sake of winning the love of Doricourt, to whom
+she had been betrothed. The very fact of being betrothed to Letitia
+sets Doricourt against her, so she goes unknown to him to a
+masquerade, where Doricourt falls in love with "the beautiful
+stranger." In order to accomplish the marriage of his daughter, Mr.
+Hardy pretends to be "sick unto death," and beseeches Doricourt to wed
+Letitia before he dies. Letitia meets her betrothed in her masquerade
+dress, and unbounded is the joy of the young man to find that "the
+beautiful stranger" is the lady to whom he has been betrothed.--Mrs.
+Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_ (1780).
+
+BELLE THE GIANT. It is said that the giant Belle mounted on his sorrel
+horse at a place since called mount Sorrel. He leaped one mile, and
+the spot on which he lighted was called Wanlip (one-leap); thence he
+leaped a second mile, but in so doing "burst all" his girths, whence
+the spot was called Burst-all; in the third leap he was killed, and
+the spot received the name of Bellegrave.
+
+BELLEUR', companion of Pinac and Mirabel ("the wild goose"), of
+stout blunt temper; in love with Rosalu'ra, a daughter of
+Nantolet.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild Goose Chase_ (1652).
+
+BELL HAMLYN, young American girl, engaged to one man and in love with
+another, in _Kismet_, by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher, 1877).
+
+BELLICENT, daughter of Gorlois lord of Tintag'il and his wife Ygerne
+or Igerna. As the widow married Uther the pen-dragon, and was then the
+mother of king Arthur, it follows that Bellicent was half-sister of
+Arthur. Tennyson in _Gareth and Lynette_ says that Bellicent was the
+wife of Lot king of Orkney, and mother of Gaw'ain and Mordred, but
+this is not in accordance either with the chronicle or the history,
+for Geoffrey in his _Chronicle_ says that Lot's wife was Anne, the
+sister (not half-sister) of Arthur (viii. 20, 21), and sir T. Malory,
+in his _History of Prince Arthur_ says:
+
+  King Lot of Lothan and Orkney wedded Margawse;
+  Nentres, of the land of Carlot, wedded
+  Elain; and that Morgan le Fay was [_Arthurs_]
+  third sister.--Pt. i. 2, 35, 36.
+
+BEL'LIN, the ram, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_. The word
+means "gentleness" (1498).
+
+BELLINGHAM, a man about town.--D. Boucicault, _After Dark_.
+
+BEL'LISANT, sister of king Pepin of France, and wife of Alexander
+emperor of Constantinople. Being accused of infidelity, the emperor
+banished her, and she took refuge in a vast forest, where she became
+the mother of Valentine and Orson.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BELLMONT (_Sir William_), father of George Bellmont; tyrannical,
+positive, and headstrong. He imagines it is the duty of a son to
+submit to his father's will, even in the matter of matrimony.
+
+_George Bellmont_, son of sir William, in love with Clarissa, his
+friend Beverley's sister; but his father demands of him to marry
+Belinda Blandford, the troth-plight wife of Beverley. Ultimately all
+comes right.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+BELLO'NA'S HANDMAIDS, Blood, Fire, and Famine.
+
+The goddesse of warre, called Bellona, had these thre handmaids ever
+attendynge on her: BLOOD, FIRE, and FAMINE, which thre damosels be
+of that force and strength that every one of them alone is able and
+sufficient to torment and afflict a proud prince; and they all joyned
+together are of puissance to destroy the most populous country and
+most richest region of the world.--Hall, _Chronicle_ (1530).
+
+BELLUM (_Master_), war.
+
+  A difference [_is_] 'twixt broyles and bloudie warres,--
+  Yet have I shot at Maister Bellum's butte,
+  And thrown his ball, although I toucht no tutte [_benefit_].
+
+G. Gascoigne, _The Fruites of Warre_, 94 (died 1577).
+
+BELMONT (_Sir Robert_), a proud, testy, mercenary country gentleman;
+friend of his neighbor, sir Charles Raymond.
+
+_Charles Belmont_, son of sir Robert, a young rake. He rescued
+Fidelia, at the age of twelve, from the hands of Villard, a villain
+who wanted to abuse her, and taking her to his own home, fell in
+love with her, and in due time married her. She turns out to be the
+daughter of sir Charles Raymond.
+
+_Rosetta Belmont_, daughter of sir Robert, high-spirited, witty, and
+affectionate. She is in love with colonel Raymond, whom she delights
+in tormenting.--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_ (1748).
+
+_Belmont_ (_Andrew_), the elder of two brothers, who married Violetta
+(an English lady born in Lisbon), and deserted her. He then promised
+marriage to Lucy Waters, the daughter of one of his tenants, but had
+no intention of making her his wife. At the same time he engaged
+himself to Sophia, the daughter of sir Benjamin Dove. The day of
+the wedding arrived, and it was then discovered that he was married
+already, and that Violetta his wife was actually present.
+
+_Robert Belmont_, the younger of the two brothers, in love with Sophia
+Dove. He went to sea in a privateer under captain Ironside, his uncle,
+and changed his name to Lewson. The vessel was wrecked on the Cornwall
+coast, and he renewed his acquaintance with Sophia, but heard that she
+was engaged in marriage to his brother. As, however, it was proved
+that his brother was already married, the young lady willingly
+abandoned the elder for the younger brother.--K. Cumberland, _The
+Brothers_ (1769).
+
+BELMOUR (_Edward_), a gay young man about town.--Congreve, _The Old
+Bachelor_ (1693).
+
+_Belmour (Mrs_.), a widow of "agreeable vivacity, entertaining
+manners, quickness of transition from one thing to another, a feeling
+heart, and a generosity of sentiment." She it is who shows Mrs.
+Lovemore the way to keep her husband at home, and to make him treat
+her with that deference which is her just due.--A. Murphy, _The Way to
+Keep Him_ (1760).
+
+BELOVED DISCIPLE (_The_), St. John "the divine," and writer of the
+fourth Gospel.--_John_ xiii. 23, etc.
+
+BELOVED PHYSICIAN (_The_), St. Luke the evangelist.--_Col._ iv. 14.
+
+BEL'PHEGOR, a Moabitish deity, whose orgies were celebrated on mount
+Phegor, and were noted for their obscenity.
+
+BELPHOE'BE (3 _syl._). "All the Graces rocked her cradle when she was
+born." Her mother was Chrysog'one (4 _syl._), daughter of Amphisa of
+fairy lineage, and her twin-sister was Amoretta. While the mother and
+her babes were asleep, Diana took one (Belphoebe) to bring up, and
+Venus took the other.
+
+[Illustration] Belphoebe is the "Diana" among women, cold,
+passionless, correct, and strong-minded. Amoret is the "Venus," but
+without the licentiousness of that goddess, warm, loving, motherly,
+and wifely. Belphoebe was a lily; Amoret a rose. Belphoebe a moonbeam,
+light without heat; Amoret a sunbeam, bright and warm and life-giving.
+Belphoebe would go to the battle-field, and make a most admirable
+nurse or lady-conductor of an ambulance; but Amoret would prefer to
+look after her husband and family, whose comfort would be her first
+care, and whose love she would seek and largely reciprocate.--See
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. vi. (1590).
+
+[Illustration] "Belphoebe" is queen Elizabeth. As _queen_ she is
+Gloriana, but as _woman_ she is Belphoebe, the beautiful and chaste.
+
+  Either Grloriana let her choose,
+  Or in Belphoebe fashioned to be;
+
+  In one her rule, in the other her rare chastitie.
+
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_ (introduction to bk. iii.).
+
+BELTED WILL, lord William Howard, warden of the western marches
+(1563-1640).
+
+  His Bilboa blade, by Marchmen felt,
+  Hung in a broad and studded belt;
+  Hence in rude phrase the Borderers still
+  Called noble Howard "Belted Will."
+
+  Sir W. Scott.
+
+BELTEN'EBROS (4 _syl._). Amadis of Graul assumes the name when he
+retires to the Poor Rock, after receiving a cruel letter from Oria'na
+his lady-love.--Vasco de Lobeira, _Amadis de Gaul_, ii. 6 (before
+1400).
+
+  One of the most distinguishing testimonies
+  which that hero gave of his fortitude, constancy,
+  and love, was his retiring to the Poor Rock when
+  in disgrace with his mistress Oriana, to do penance
+  under the name of _Beltenebros_ or the _Lovely
+  Obscure._--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iii. 11 (1605).
+
+BELVIDE'RA, daughter of Priu'li a senator of Venice. She was saved
+from the sea by Jaffier, eloped with him, and married him. Her father
+then discarded her, and her husband joined the conspiracy of Pierre to
+murder the senators. He tells Belvidera of the plot, and Belvidera,
+in order to save her father, persuades Jaffier to reveal the plot to
+Priuli, if he will promise a general free pardon. Priuli gives the
+required promise, but notwithstanding, all the conspirators, except
+Jaffier, are condemned to death by torture. Jaffier stabs Pierre to
+save him from the dishonor of the wheel, and then kills himself.
+Belvidera goes mad and dies.--Otway, _Venice Preserved_ (1682).
+
+BEN [LEGEND], sir Sampson Legend's younger son, a sailor and
+a "sea-wit," in whose composition there enters no part of the
+conventional generosity and open frankness of a British tar. His slang
+phrase is "D'ye see," and his pet oath "Mess!"--W. Congreve, _Love for
+Love_ (1695). I cannot agree with the following sketch:--
+
+
+What is _Ben_--the pleasant sailor which Bannister gives us--but a
+piece of satire ... a dreamy combination of all the accidents of a
+sailor's character, his contempt of money, his credulity to women,
+with that necessary estrangement from home?... We never think the
+worse of Ben for it, or feel it as a stain upon his character.--C.
+Lamb.
+
+C. Dibdin says: "If the description of Thom. Doggett's performance of
+this character be correct, the part has certainly never been performed
+since to any degree of perfection."
+
+
+BEN BOLT, old schoolmate with whom Thomas Dunn English exchanges
+reminiscences in the ballad, _Ben Bolt_, beginning:
+
+  Don't you remember sweet Alice, Ben Bolt?
+  Sweet Alice, whose hair was so brown;
+  Who wept with delight when you gave her a smile,
+  And trembled with fear at your frown. (1845.)
+
+BEN-HUR, a young Jew, who, for accidentally injuring a Roman soldier,
+is condemned to the galleys for life. Escaping, after three years of
+servitude, through the favor of Arrius, a Roman Tribune, he seeks his
+mother and sister to find both lepers. They are healed by Christ,
+whose devoted followers they become.--Lew Wallace, _Ben-Hur: A Tale of
+the Christ_ (1880).
+
+BEN ISRAEL (_Nathan_) or NATHAN BEN SAMUEL, the physician and friend
+of Isaac the Jew.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BEN JOC'HANAN, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dryden
+and Tate, is meant for the Rev. Samuel Johnson, who suffered much
+persecution for his defence of the right of private judgment.
+
+  Let Hebron, nay, let hell produce a man
+  So made for mischief as Ben Jochanan.
+  A Jew of humble parentage was he,
+  By trade a Levite, though of low degree.
+
+  Part ii.
+
+BENAI'AH (3 _syl_.), in _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for general
+George Edward Sackville. As Benaiah, captain of David's guard, adhered
+to Solomon against Adonijah, so general Sackville adhered to the duke
+of York against the prince of Orange (1590-1652).
+
+  Nor can Benaiah's worth forgotten lie,
+  Of steady soul when public storms were high.
+
+  Dryden and Tate, part ii.
+
+BENAS'KAR or BENNASKAR, a wealthy merchant and magician of
+Delhi.--James Ridley, _Tales of the Genii_ ("History of Mahoud," tale
+vii., 1751).
+
+BENBOW (_Admiral_). In an engagement with the French near St. Martha
+on the Spanish coast in 1701, admiral Benbow had his legs and thighs
+shivered into splinters by chain-shot, but supported in a wooden frame
+he remained on the quarter-deck till morning, when Du Casse sheered
+off.
+
+Similar acts of heroism are recorded of Almeyda, the Portuguese
+governor of India, of Cynaegiros brother of the poet AEschylos, of
+Jaafer the standard-bearer of "the prophet" in the battle of Muta, and
+of some others.
+
+_Benbow_, an idle, generous, free-and-easy sot, who spent a good
+inheritance in dissipation, and ended life in the workhouse.
+
+  Benbow, a boon companion, long approved
+  By jovial sets, and (as he thought) beloved,
+  Was judged as one to joy and friendship prone,
+  And deemed injurious to himself alone.
+
+  Crabbe, _Borough_, xvi. (1810).
+
+BEND-THE-BOW, an English archer at Dickson's cottage.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+BENEDICK, a wild, witty, and light-hearted young lord of Padua, who
+vowed celibacy, but fell in love with Beatrice and married her. It
+fell out thus: He went on a visit to Leonato, governor of Messina;
+here he sees Beatrice, the governor's niece, as wild and witty as
+himself, but he dislikes her, thinks her pert and forward, and
+somewhat ill-mannered withal. However, he hears Claudio speaking to
+Leonata about Beatrice, saying how deeply she loves Benedick, and
+bewailing that so nice a girl should break her heart with unrequited
+love. This conversation was a mere ruse, but Benedick believed it to
+be true, and resolved to reward the love of Beatrice with love and
+marriage. It so happened that Beatrice had been entrapped by a similar
+conversation which she had overheard from her cousin Hero. The end
+was they sincerely loved each other, and became man and
+wife.--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600). BENEDICT
+[BELLEFONTAINE], the wealthiest farmer of Grand Pre, in Acadia, father
+of Evangeline ("the pride of the village"). He was a stalwart man
+of seventy, hale as an oak, but his hair was white as snow. Colonel
+Winslow in 1713 informed the villagers of Grand Pre that the French
+had formally ceded their village to the English, that George II. now
+confiscated all their lands, houses, and cattle, and that the people,
+amounting to nearly 2000, were to be "exiled into other lands
+without delay." The people assembled on the sea-shore; old Benedict
+Bellefontaine sat to rest himself, and fell dead in a fit. The old
+priest buried him in the sand, and the exiles left their village homes
+forever.--Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1849).
+
+BEN'ENGEL'I (_Cid Hamet_), the hypothetical Moorish chronicler from
+whom Cervantes pretends he derived the account of the adventures of
+don Quixote.
+
+
+The Spanish commentators ... have discovered that _cid Hamet
+Benengeli_ is after all no more than an Arabic version of the name
+of Cervantes himself. _Hamet_ is a Moorish prefix, and _Benengeli_
+signifies "son of a stag," in Spanish _Cervanteno._--Lockhart.
+
+
+_Benengeli_ (_Cid Hamet_), Thomas Babington lord Macaulay. His
+signature in his _Fragment of an Ancient Romance_ (1826). (See Cid,
+etc.)
+
+BENEV'OLUS, in Cowper's _Task_, is John Courtney Throckmorton, of
+Weston Underwood.
+
+BENJAMIN PENGUILLAN. _The Pioneers_, by J. F. Cooper. A servant in the
+family of Judge Temple. His sobriquet is "Ben Pump." (1823.)
+
+BENJIE _(Little)_, or Benjamin Colthred, a spy employed by Cristal
+Nixon, the agent of Redgauntlet.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+BEN'NET _(Brother)_, a monk at St. Mary's convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Ben'net (Mrs.)_, a demure, intriguing woman in _Amelia_, a novel by
+Fielding (1751).
+
+BEN'OITON _(Madame)_, a woman who has been the ruin of the family by
+neglect. In the "famille Benoiton" the constant question was "_Ou
+est Madame?_" and the invariable answer "_Elle est sortie_" At the
+_denouement_ the question was asked again, and the answer was varied
+thus, "Madam has been at home, but is gone out again."--_La Famille
+Benoiton_.
+
+BEN'SHEE, the domestic spirit or demon of certain Irish families. The
+benshee takes an interest in the prosperity of the family to which
+it is attached, and intimates to it approaching disaster or death by
+wailings or shrieks. The Scotch Bodach Glay or "grey spectre" is a
+similar spirit. Same as _Banshee_ (which see).
+
+  How oft has the Benshee cried!
+  How oft has death untied
+  Bright links that glory wove,
+  Sweet bonds entwined by love!
+
+  T. Moore, _Irish Melodies_, ii.
+
+BENVO'LIO, nephew to Montague, and Romeo's friend. A testy, litigious
+fellow, who would quarrel about goat's wool or pigeon's milk. Mercutio
+says to him, "Thou hast quarrelled with a man for coughing in the
+street, because he hath wakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the
+sun" (act iii. sc. 1),--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).
+
+BEOWULF, the name of an Anglo-Saxon epic poem of the sixth century. It
+received its name from Beowulf, who delivered Hrothgar king of Denmark
+from the monster Grrendel. This Grendel was half monster and half man,
+and night after night stole into the king's palace called Heorot, and
+slew sometimes as many as thirty of the sleepers at a time. Beowulf
+put himself at the head of a mixed band of warriors, went against the
+monster and slew it. This epic is very Ossianic in style, is full of
+beauties, and is most interesting.--_Kemble's Translation._
+
+(A.D. Wackerbarth published in 1849 a metrical translation of this
+Anglo-Saxon poem, of considerable merit.)
+
+BEPPO. Byron's _Beppo_ is the husband of Laura, a Venetian lady. He
+was taken captive in Troy, turned Turk, joined a band of pirates, grew
+rich, and after several years returned to his native land. He found
+his wife at a carnival ball with a _cavaliero_, made himself known
+to her, and they lived together again as man and wife. (Beppo is a
+contraction of _Guiseppe_, as Joe is of _Joseph_, 1820.)
+
+_Beppo_, in _Fra Diavolo_, an opera by Auber (1836).
+
+BERALDE (2 _syl._), brother of Argan the _malade imaginaire_. He tells
+Argan that his doctors will confess this much, that the cure of a
+patient is a very minor consideration with them, "_toute l'excellence
+de leur art consiste en un pompeux galimatias, en un specieux babil,
+qui vous donne des mots pour des raisons, et des promesses pour des
+effets._" Again he says, "_presque tous les hommes meurent de leur
+remedes et non pas de leurs maladies_." He then proves that Argan's
+wife is a mere hypocrite, while his daughter is a true-hearted,
+loving girl; and he makes the invalid join in the dancing and singing
+provided for his cure.--Moliere, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+BERCH'TA ("_the white lady_"), a fairy of southern Germany, answering
+to Hulda ("the gracious lady") of northern Germany. After the
+introduction of Christianity, Berchta lost her first estate and lapsed
+into a bogie.
+
+BERECYNTHIAN GODDESS (_The_). Cybele is so called from mount
+Berecyntus, in Phrygia, where she was held in especial adoration. She
+is represented as crowned with turrets, and holding keys in her hand.
+
+  Her helmed head
+  Rose like the Berecynthian goddess crowned
+  With towers.
+
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc._, ii. (1814).
+
+BERECYN'THIAN HERO (_The_), Midas king of Phyrgia, so called from
+mount Berecyn'tus (4 _syl_.), in Phrygia.
+
+
+BERENGA'RIA, queen-consort of Richard Coeur de Lion, introduced in
+_The Talisman_, a novel by sir W. Scott (1825). Berengaria died 1230.
+
+BERENGER (_Sir Raymond_), an old Norman warrior, living at the castle
+of Garde Doloureuse.
+
+_The lady Eveline_, sir Raymond's daughter, betrothed to sir Hugo de
+Lacy. Sir Hugo cancels his own betrothal in favor of his nephew (sir
+Damian de Lacy), who marries the lady Eveline, "the betrothed."--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BERENI'CE (4 _syl_.), sister-wife of Ptolemy III. She vowed to
+sacrifice her hair to the gods if her husband returned home the
+vanquisher of Asia. On his return, she suspended her hair in the
+temple of the war-god, but it was stolen the first night, and Conon of
+Samos told the king that the winds had carried it to heaven, where
+it still forms the seven stars near the tail of Leo, called _Coma
+Berenices_.
+
+Pope, in _his Rape of the Lock_, has borrowed this fable to account
+for the lock of hair cut from Belinda's head, the restoration of which
+the young lady insisted upon.
+
+_Bereni'ce_ (4 _syl_.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Agrippa. She
+married Herod king of Chalcis, then Polemon king of Cilicia, and then
+went to live with Agrippa II. her brother. Titus fell in love with her
+and would have married her, but the Romans compelled him to renounce
+the idea, and a separation took place. Otway (1672) made this the
+subject of a tragedy called _Titus and Berenice_; and Jean Racine
+(1670), in his tragedy of _Berenice_, has made her a sort of Henriette
+d'Orleans.
+
+(Henriette d'Orleans, daughter of Charles I. of England, married
+Philippe due d'Orleans, brother of Louis XIV. She was brilliant in
+talent and beautiful in person, but being neglected by her husband,
+she died suddenly after drinking a cup of chocolate, probably
+poisoned.)
+
+_Berenice_, heroine of a tragic-comic fantasy by Edgar Allan Poe,
+in which Berenice's teeth hold a position as conspicuous as ghastly
+(1845).
+
+BERINGHEN (_The Sieur de_), an old gourmand, who preferred patties to
+treason; but cardinal Richelieu banished him from France, saying:
+
+  Sleep not another night in Paris,
+  Or else your precious life may be in danger.
+
+  Lord Lytton, _Richelieu_ (1839).
+
+BERIN'THIA, cousin of Amanda; a beautiful young widow attached to
+colonel Townly. In order to win him she plays upon his jealousy by
+coquetting with Loveless.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).
+
+BERKE'LEY (_The Old Woman of_), a woman whose life had been very
+wicked. On her death-bed she sent for her son who was a monk, and for
+her daughter who was a nun, and bade them put her in a strong stone
+coffin, and to fasten the coffin to the ground with strong bands of
+iron. Fifty priests and fifty choristers were to pray and sing over
+her for three days, and the bell was to toll without ceasing. The
+first night passed without much disturbance. The second night the
+candles burnt blue and dreadful yells were heard outside the church.
+But the third night the devil broke into the church and carried off
+the old woman on his black horse.--R. Southey, _The Old Woman of
+Berkeley_ (a ballad from Olaus Magnus).
+
+
+Dr. Sayers pointed out to us in conversation a story related by Olaus
+Magnus of a witch whose coffin was confined by three chains, but
+nevertheless was carried off by demons. Dr. Sayers had made a
+ballad on the subject; so had I; but after seeing _The Old Woman of
+Berkeley_, we awarded it the preference.--W. Taylor.
+
+
+BERKE'LY (_The lady Augusta_), plighted to sir John de Walton,
+governor of Douglas Castle. She first appears under the name of
+Augustine, disguised as the son of Bertram the minstrel, and the novel
+concludes with her marriage to De Walton, to whom Douglas Castle had
+been surrendered.--Sir W. Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+BERKSHIRE LADY (_The_), Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of sir William
+Kendrick, second baronet; his father was created baronet by Charles
+II. The line, "Faint heart never won fair lady," was the advice of a
+friend to Mr. Child, the son of a brewer, who sought the hand of the
+lady.--_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245.
+
+BERNARD. Solomon Bernard, engraver of Lions (sixteenth century),
+called _Le petit Bernard_. Claud Bernard of Dijon, the philanthropist
+(1588-1641), is called _Poor Bernard._ Pierre Joseph Bernard, the
+French poet (1710-1755), is called _Le gentil Bernard._
+
+_Bernard_, an ass; in Italian _Bernardo_. In the beast-epic called
+_Reynard the Fox_, the _sheep_ is called "Bernard," and the _ass_ is
+"Bernard l'archipetre" (1498).
+
+BERNARD LANGDON, fine young fellow of the "Brahmin Caste," who teaches
+school while preparing for a profession.--Oliver Wendell Holmes,
+_Elsie Venner_ (1861).
+
+BERNAR'DO, an officer in Denmark, to whom the ghost of the
+murdured king appeared during the night-watch at the royal
+castle.--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596).
+
+BERNARDO DEL CARPIO, one of the favorite subjects of the old Spanish
+minstrels. The other two were _The Cid_ and _Lara's Seven Infants_.
+Bernardo del Carpio was the person who assailed Orlando (or Rowland)
+at Roncesvalles, and finding him invulnerable, took him up in his arms
+and squeezed him to death, as Hercules did Antae'os.--Cervantes, _Don
+Quixote_, II. ii. 13 (1615).
+
+[Illustration] The only vulnerable part of Orlando was the sole of the
+foot.
+
+BERSER'KER, grandson of the eight-handed Starka'der and the beautiful
+Alfhil'de. He was so called because he wore "no shirt of mail," but
+went to battle unharnessed. He married the daughter of Swaf'urlam, and
+had twelve sons. (_Baer-syrce_, Anglo-Saxon, "bare of shirt;" Scotch,
+"bare-sark.")
+
+
+You say that I am a Berserker, and ... bare-sark I go to-morrow to the
+war, and bare-sark I win that war or die.--Rev. C. Kingsley, _Hereward
+the Wake_, i. 247.
+
+
+BERTHA, the supposed daughter of Vandunke (2 _syl_.), burgomaster of
+Bruges, and mistress of Goswin, a rich merchant of the same city. In
+reality. Bertha is the duke of Brabant's daughter _Gertrude_, and
+Goswin is _Florez_, son of Gerrard king of the beggars.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Beggars' Bush_ (1622).
+
+_Ber'tha_, daughter of Burkhard duke of the Alemanni, and wife of
+Rudolf II. king of Burgundy beyond Jura. She is represented on
+monuments of the time as sitting on her throne spinning.
+
+  Yon are the beautiful Bertha the Spinner, the queen of Helvetia; ...
+  Who as she rode on her palfrey o'er valley, and meadow, and mountain,
+  Ever was spinning her thread from the distaff fixed to her saddle.
+  She was so thrifty and good that her name passed into a proverb.
+
+  Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, viii.
+
+_Bertha, alias_ AGATHA, the betrothed of Hereward (3 _syl_.), one of
+the emperor's Varangian guards. The novel concludes with Hereward
+enlisting under the banner of count Robert, and marrying Bertha.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Ber'tha_, the betrothed of John of Leyden. When she went with her
+mother to ask count Oberthal's permission to marry, the count resolved
+to make his pretty vassal his mistress, and confined her in his
+castle. She made her escape and went to Munster, intending to set fire
+to the palace of "the prophet," who, she thought, had caused the
+death of her lover. Being seized and brought before the prophet, she
+recognized in him her lover, and exclaiming, "I loved thee once, but
+now my love is turned to hate," stabbed herself and died.--Meyerbeer,
+_Le Prophete_ (an opera, 1849).
+
+BERTHA AMORY, wife of Richard Amory and used by him in political
+intrigues, in _Through One Administration_, by Francis Hodgson
+Burnett. Secretly, and against her will, in love with Trevannion, an
+army officer whom she has known from childhood (1883).
+
+BERTHE AN GRAND-PIED, mother of Charlemagne, so called from a
+club-foot.
+
+BERTIE CECIL, noble young Englishman who assumes his brother's crime
+to save the family name, and exiles himself as a soldier in the French
+army of Algiers. Eventually his fame is cleared and he returns to
+England as lord Royalieu.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_.
+
+BERTIE THE LAMB, professional dude, with a heart yet softer than his
+head, in _The Henrietta_, a play of New York life, by Bronson Howard.
+Stuart Robson's impersonation of "Bertie" is without a flaw (1887).
+
+BERTOLDE (3 _syl_.), the hero of a little _jeu d'esprit_ in Italian
+prose by Julio Caesare Croce (2 _syl_.). He is a comedian by
+profession, whom nothing astonishes. He is as much at his ease with
+kings and queens as with those of his own rank. Hence the phrase
+_Imperturbable as Bertolde_, meaning "never taken by surprise," "never
+thrown off one's guard," "never disconcerted."
+
+BERTOLDO _(Prince)_, a knight of Malta, and brother of Roberto king of
+the two Sicilies. He was in love with Cami'ola "the maid of honor,"
+but could not marry without a dispensation from the pope. While
+matters were at this crisis, Bertoldo laid siege to Sienna, and was
+taken prisoner. Camiola paid his ransom, but before he was released
+the duchess Aurelia requested him to be brought before her. As soon
+as the duchess saw him, she fell in love with him, and offered him
+marriage, and Bertoldo, forgetful of Camiola, accepted the offer. The
+betrothed then presented themselves before the king. Here Camiola
+exposed the conduct of the knight; Roberto was indignant;
+Aurelia rejected her _fiance_ with scorn; and Camiola took the
+veil.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637).
+
+_Bertol'do_, the chief character of a comic romance called _Vita di
+Bertoldo_, by Julio Cesare Croce, who flourished in the sixteenth
+century. It recounts the successful exploits of a clever but ugly
+peasant, and was for two centuries as popular in Italy as _Robinson
+Crusoe_ is in England. Same as, _Bertolde_ and _Bartoldo_.
+
+BERTOLDO'S SON, Rinaldo.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+BERTRAM _(Baron)_, one of Charlemagne's paladins.
+
+_Ber'tram_, count of Rousillon. While on a visit to the king of
+France, Helena, a physician's daughter, cured the king of a. disorder
+which had baffled the court physicians. For this service the king
+promised her for husband any one she chose to select, and her choice
+fell on Bertram. The haughty count married her, it is true, but
+deserted her at once, and left for Florence, where he joined the
+duke's army. It so happened that Helena also stopped at Florence while
+on a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. In Florence
+she lodged with a widow whose daughter Diana, was wantonly loved by
+Bertram. Helena obtained permission to receive his visits in lieu of
+Diana, and in one of these visits exchanged rings with him. Soon after
+this the count went on a visit to his mother, where he saw the king,
+and the king observing on his finger the ring he had given to Helena,
+had him arrested on the suspicion of murder. Helena now came
+forward to explain matters, and all was well, for all ended
+well.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598).
+
+
+I cannot reconcile my heart to "Bertram," a man noble without
+generosity, and young without truth; who marries Helena as a coward,
+and leaves her as a profligate. When she is dead by his unkindness he
+sneaks home to a second marriage, is accused by a woman whom he
+has wronged, defends himself by falsehood, and is dismissed to
+happiness.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+
+_Bertram_ (_Sir Stephen_), an austere merchant, very just but not
+generous. Fearing lest his son should marry the sister of his clerk
+(Charles Ratcliffe), he dismissed Ratcliffe from his service, and
+being then informed that the marriage had already taken place, he
+disinherited his son. Sheva the Jew assured him that the lady had
+L10,000 for her fortune, so he relented. At the last all parties were
+satisfied.
+
+_Frederick Bertram_, only son of sir Stephen; he marries Miss
+Ratcliffe clandestinely, and incurs thereby his father's displeasure,
+but the noble benevolence of Sheva the Jew brings about a
+reconciliation and opens sir Bertram's eyes to "see ten thousand
+merits," a grace for every pound.--Cumberland, _The Jew_ (1776).
+
+_Ber'tram_ (_Count_), an outlaw, who becomes the leader of a band of
+robbers. Being wrecked on the coast of Sicily, he is conveyed to the
+castle of lady Imogine, and in her he recognizes an old sweetheart to
+whom in his prosperous days he was greatly attached. Her husband (St.
+Aldobrand), who was away at first, returning unexpectedly is murdered
+by Bertram; Imogine goes mad and dies; and Bertram puts an end to his
+own life.--C. Maturin, _Bertram_ (1782-1825).
+
+_Bertram_ (_Mr. Godfrey_), the laird of Ellangowan.
+
+_Mrs. Bertram_, his wife.
+
+_Harry Bertram, alias_ captain Vanbeest Brown, _alias_ Dawson, _alias_
+Dudley, son of the laird, and heir to Ellangowan. Harry Bertram is in
+love with Julia Mannering, and the novel concludes with his taking
+possession of the old house at Ellangowan and marrying Julia.
+
+_Lucy Bertram_, sister of Harry Bertram. She marries Charles
+Hazlewood, son of sir Robert Hazlewood, of Hazlewood.
+
+_Sir Allen Bertram_, of Ellangowan, an ancestor of Mr. Godfrey
+Bertram.
+
+_Dennis Bertram, Donohoe Bertram_, and _Lewis Bertram_, ancestors of
+Mr. Godfrey Bertram.
+
+_Captain Andrew Bertram_, a relative of the family.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Bertram_, the English minstrel, and guide of lady Augusta Berkely;
+when in disguise she calls herself the minstrel's son.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+_Ber'tram_, one of the conspirators against the republic of Venice.
+Having "a hesitating softness, fatal to a great enterprise," he
+betrayed the conspiracy to the senate.--Byron, _Marino Faliero_
+(1819).
+
+BERTRA'MO, the fiend-father of Robert le Diable. After alluring his
+son to gamble away all his property, he meets him near St. Ire'ne,
+and Hel'ena seduces him to join in "the Dance of Love." When at last
+Bertramo comes to claim his victim, he is resisted by Alice (the
+duke's foster-sister), who reads to Robert his mother's will.
+Being thus reclaimed, angels celebrate the triumph of good over
+evil.--Meyerbeer, _Roberto il Diavolo_ (an opera, 1831).
+
+BERTRAND, a simpleton and a villain. He is the accomplice of Robert
+Macaire, a libertine of unblushing impudence, who sins without
+compunction.--Daumier, _L'Auberge des Adrets._
+
+BERTRAND DU GUESLIN, a romance of chivalry, reciting the adventures of
+this connetable de France, in the reign of Charles V.
+
+_Bertrand du Gueslin in prison._ The prince of Wales went to visit his
+captive Bertrand, and asking him how he fared, the Frenchman replied,
+"Sir, I have heard the mice and the rats this many a day, but it is
+long since I heard the song of birds," _i.e._ I have been long a
+captive and have not breathed the fresh air.
+
+The reply of Bertrand du Gueslin calls to mind that of Douglas, called
+"The Good sir James," the companion of Robert Bruce, "It is better, I
+ween, to hear the lark sing than the mouse cheep," _i.e._ It is better
+to keep the open field than to be shut up in a castle.
+
+BERTULPHE (2 _syl_.), provost of Bruges, the son of a serf. By his
+genius and energy he became the richest, most honored, and most
+powerful man in Bruges. His arm was strong in fight, his wisdom swayed
+the council, his step was proud, and his eye untamed. He had one
+child, most dearly beloved, the bride of sir Bouchard, a knight of
+noble descent. Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law (1127)
+that whoever married a serf should become a serf, and that serfs were
+serfs till manumission. By these absurd decrees Bertulphe the provost,
+his daughter Constance, and his knightly son-in-law were all serfs.
+The result was that the provost slew the earl and then himself, his
+daughter went mad and died, and Bouchard was slain in fight.--S.
+Knowles, _The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+BER'WINE (2 _syl_.), the favorite attendant of lady Er'mengarde
+(3 _syl_.) of Baldringham, great-aunt of lady Eveline "the
+betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BER'YL MOL'OZANE (3 _syl_.), the lady-love of George Geith. All
+beauty, love, and sunshine. She has a heart for every one, is ready
+to help every one, and is by every one beloved, yet her lot is most
+painfully unhappy, and ends in an early death.--F.G. Trafford [J.H.
+Riddell], _George Geith_.
+
+BESO'NIAN (_A_), a scoundrel. From the Italian, _bisognoso_, "a needy
+person, a beggar."
+
+
+Proud lords do tumble from the towers of their high descents; and be
+trod under feet of every inferior besonian.--Thomas Nash, _Pierce
+Pennylesse, His Supplication, etc._ (1592).
+
+
+BESS (_Good queen_), Elizabeth (1533, 1558-1603).
+
+_Bess_, the daughter of the "blind beggar of Bethnal Green," a lady by
+birth, a sylph for beauty, an angel for constancy and sweetness. She
+was loved to distraction by Wilford, and it turned out that he was
+the son of lord Woodville, and Bess the daughter of lord Woodville's
+brother; so they were cousins. Queen Elizabeth sanctioned their
+nuptials, and took them under her own especial conduct.--S. Knowles,
+_The Beggar of Bethnal Green_ (1834).
+
+BESS O' BEDLAM, a female lunatic vagrant, the male lunatic vagrant
+being called a _Tom o' Bedlam_.
+
+BESSUS, governor of Bactria, who seized Dari'us (after the battle
+of Arbe'la) and put him to death. Arrian says, Alexander caused the
+nostrils of the regicide to be slit, and the tips of his ears to be
+cut off.  The offender being then sent to Ecbat'ana, in chains, was put
+to death.
+
+  Lo! Bessus, he that armde with murderer's knyfe
+  And traytrous hart agaynst his royal king,
+  With bluddy hands bereft his master's life.
+  What booted him his false usurped raygne.
+  When like a wretche led in an iron chayne,
+  He was presented by his chiefest friende
+  Unto the foes of him whom he had slayne?
+
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_
+  ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+_Bes'sus_ a cowardly bragging captain, a sort of Bobadil or Vincent de
+la Rosa. Captain Bessus, having received a challenge, wrote word back
+that he could not accept the honor for thirteen weeks, as he had
+already 212 duels on hand, but he was much grieved that he could not
+appoint an earlier day.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _King and No King_
+(1619).
+
+  Rochester I despise for want of wit.
+  So often does he aim, so seldom hit ...
+  Mean in each action, lewd in every limb,
+  Manners themselves are mischievous in him ...
+  For what a Bessus has he always lived!
+
+Dryden, _Essay upon Satire_.
+
+BETH MARCH, the third and gentlest sister in Louisa M. Alcott's novel
+"_Little Women_" (1868).
+
+BETSEY, the wife in Will Carleton's farm ballad, _Betsey and I are
+Out_. In dictating to a lawyer the terms of separation, the farmer
+reminds himself of the many excellent points of the offending spouse,
+and how "she and I was happy before we quarrelled so."
+
+  And when she dies, I wish that she would be laid by me,
+  And, lyin' together in silence, perhaps we will agree;
+  And, if ever we meet in heaven I wouldn't think it queer
+  If we loved each other better because we quarrelled here.
+
+  (1873.)
+
+BETSEY BOBBET, the sentimental spinster who wears out the patience of
+Josiah Allen's wife with poetry and opinions.
+
+"She is fairly activ' to make a runnin' vine of herself.... It seems
+strange to me that them that preach up the doctrine of woman's
+only spear don't admire one who carries it out to its full
+extent."--Marietta Holley, _My Opinions and Betsey Bobbet's_ (1872).
+
+BETTINA WARD, a Southern girl, poor and proud, in Constance Fenimore
+Woolson's story of _Rodman the Keeper_. "A little creature that fairly
+radiated scorn at thought of receiving charity from a Yankee" (1880).
+
+BETTY DOXY, Captain Macheath says to her, "Do you drink as hard as
+ever? You had better stick to good wholesome beer; for, in troth,
+Betty, strong waters will in time ruin your constitution. You should
+leave those to your betters."--Gray, _The Beggar's Opera_, ii. 1
+(1727).
+
+BETTY FOY, "the idiot mother of an idiot boy "--W. Wordsworth
+(1770-1850).
+
+BETTY [HINT], servant in the family of sir Pertinax and lady
+McSycophant. She is a sly, prying tale-bearer, who hates Constantia
+(the beloved of Egerton McSycophant), simply because every one else
+loves her.--C. Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).
+
+BETTY LEICESTER, "vivacious, whole-souled girl of the period," whose
+summer residence in a New England village introduces elements of
+fuller and sweeter life. A home-missionary of the better sort.--Sarah
+Orne Jewett, _Betty Leicester_ (1889).
+
+BEULAH, a poor girl taken from an orphan asylum and brought up in a
+family of refinement and education. She develops strong traits of
+character and much intellectual ability. Her long struggles through
+the mists of rationalism result in clear views of and high faith in
+revealed religion. Her guardian, and long her teacher, loves her, and
+after years of waiting, wins her.
+
+"Have you learned that fame is an icy shadow?" he asks upon his return
+from the protracted wanderings that have taught both how much they
+need one another. "That gratified ambition cannot make you happy? Do
+you love me?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Better than teaching school and writing learned articles?"
+
+"Rather better, I believe, sir."
+
+_Beulah_, a novel by Augusta Evans Wilson (1859).
+
+BEUVES (1 _syl_.), or BUO'VO OF AY'GREMONT, father of Malagigi, and
+uncle of Rinaldo. Treacherously slain by Ga'no.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BEUVES DE HANTONE, French form for Bevis of Southampton (_q.v._).
+"Hantone" is a French corruption of Southampton.
+
+BEV'AN (_Mr._), an American physician, who befriends Martin Chuzzlewit
+and Mark Tapley in many ways during their stay in the New World.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BEV'ERLEY, "the gamester," naturally a good man, but led astray by
+Stukely, till at last he loses everything by gambling, and dies a
+miserable death.
+
+_Mrs. Beverley_, the gamester's wife. She loves her husband fondly,
+and clings to him in all his troubles.
+
+_Charlotte Beverley_, in love with Lewson, but Stukely wishes to marry
+her. She loses all her fortune through her brother, "the gamester,"
+but Lewson notwithstanding marries her.--Edward Moore, _The Gamester_
+(1712-1757).
+
+_Beverley_, brother of Clarissa, and the lover of Belinda Blandford.
+He is extremely jealous, and catches at trifles light as air to
+confirm his fears; but his love is most sincere, and his penitence
+most humble when he finds out how causeless his suspicions are.
+Belinda is too proud to deny his insinuations, but her love is so deep
+that she repents of giving him a moment's pain.--A. Murphy, _All in
+the Wrong_ (1761).
+
+BEVERLEY THURSTON, a lawyer, belonging to an old New York family, in
+love with Claire Twining, _The Ambitious Woman_ of Edgar Fawcett's
+society novel (1883).
+
+He was a man of about forty years old, who had never married. His
+figure was tall and shapely; his face, usually grave, was capable of
+much geniality. He had travelled, read, thought, and observed. He
+stood somewhat high in the legal profession, and came, on the maternal
+side, of a somewhat noted family.
+
+BEV'IL, a model gentleman, in Steele's _Conscious Lovers_.
+
+  Whatever can deck mankind
+  Or charm the heart, in generous Bevil shewed.
+
+  Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Winter," 1726).
+
+_Bevil_ (_Francis, Harry, and George_), three brothers--one an M.P.,
+another in the law, and the third in the Guards--who, unknown to
+each other, wished to obtain in marriage the hand of Miss Grubb,
+the daughter of a rich stock-broker. The M.P. paid his court to the
+father, and obtained his consent; the lawyer paid his court to the
+mother, and obtained her consent; the officer paid his court to the
+young lady, and having obtained her consent, the other two brothers
+retired from the field.--O'Brien, _Cross Purposes_.
+
+BE'VIS, the horse of lord Marmion.--Sir W. Scott, _Marmion_ (1808).
+
+_Be'vis_ (_Sir_) of Southampton. Having reproved his mother, while
+still a lad, for murdering his father, she employed Saber to kill him;
+but Saber only left him on a desert land as a waif, and he was brought
+up as a shepherd. Hearing that his mother had married Mor'dure (2
+_syl_.), the adulterer, he forced his way into the marriage hall and
+struck at Mordure; but Mordure slipped aside, and escaped the blow.
+Bevis was now sent out of the country, and being sold to an Armenian,
+was presented to the king. Jos'ian, the king's daughter, fell in love
+with him; they were duly married, and Bevis was knighted. Having slain
+the boar which made holes in the earth as big as that into which
+Curtius leapt, he was appointed general of the Armenian forces,
+subdued Brandamond of Damascus, and made Damascus tributary to
+Armenia. Being sent, on a future occasion, as ambassador to Damascus,
+he was thrust into a prison, where were two huge serpents; these
+he slew, and then effected his escape. His next encounter was with
+Ascupart the giant, whom he made his slave. Lastly, he slew the great
+dragon of Colein, and then returned to England, where he was restored
+to his lands and titles. The French call him _Beuves de Hantone_.--M.
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+_The Sword of Bevis of Southampton_ was Morglay, and his _steed_
+Ar'undel. Both were given him by his wife Josian, daughter of the king
+of Armenia.
+
+BEZA'LIEL, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant for the
+marquis of Worcester, afterwards duke of Beaufort. As Bezaliel,
+the famous artificer, "was filled with the Spirit of God to devise
+excellent works in every kind of workmanship," so on the marquis of
+Worcester--
+
+  ... so largely Nature heaped her store,
+  There scarce remained for arts to give him more.
+
+  Dryden and Tate, part ii.
+
+BEZO'NIAN, a beggar, a rustic. (Italian, _bisognoso_, "necessitous.")
+
+The ordinary tillers of the earth, such as we call _husbandmen_;
+in France, _pesants_; in Spane, _besonyans_; and generally
+_cloutshoe_.--Markham, _English Husbandman_, 4.
+
+BIAN'CA, the younger daughter of Baptista of Pad'ua, as gentle and
+meek as her sister Katherine was violent and irritable. As it was not
+likely any one would marry Katherine "the shrew," the father resolved
+that Bianca should not marry before her sister. Petruchio married "the
+shrew," and then Lucentio married Bianca.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the
+Shrew_ (1594).
+
+_Bianca_, daughter of a noble family in "The Young Italian," one of
+the _Tales of a Traveller_, by Washington Irving. She is beloved
+passionately by the young Italian and betrothed to him. In his absence
+Filippo, the false friend of her lover, weds her. The betrayed friend
+on learning the truth kills Filippo, and is ever afterwards haunted by
+his dying face (1824).
+
+_Bian'ca_, a courtesan, the "almost" wife of Cassio. Iago, speaking of
+the lieutenant, says:
+
+  And what was he?
+  Forsooth a great arithmetician.
+  One Michael Cassio, a Florentine,
+  A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife.
+
+  Shakespeare, _Othello_, act i. sc. I (1611).
+
+_Bian'ca_, wife of Fazio. When her husband wantons with the
+marchioness Aldabella, Bianca, out of jealousy, accuses him to the
+duke of Florence of being privy to the death of Bartol'do, an old
+miser. Fazio being condemned to death, Bianca repents of her rashness,
+and tries to save her husband, but not succeeding, goes mad and
+dies.--Dean Milman, _Fazio_ (1815).
+
+BIBBET (_Master_), secretary to major-general Harrison, one of the
+parliamentary commissioners.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time,
+Commonwealth).
+
+BIBBIE'NA (_Il_), cardinal Bernardo, who resided at Bibbiena, in
+Tuscany. He was the author of _Calandra_, a comedy (1470-1520).
+
+"BIBLE" BUTLER, _alias_ Stephen Butler, grandfather of Reuben Butler,
+the presbyterian minister (married to Jeanie Deans).--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+BIB'LIS, a woman who fell in love with her brother Caunus, and was
+changed into a fountain near Mile'tus.--Ovid, _Met_. ix. 662.
+
+  Not that [_fountain_] where Biblis dropt, too fondly light,
+  Her tears and self may dare compare with this.
+
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, v. (1633).
+
+BIB'ULUS, a colleague of Julius Caesar, but a mere cipher in office;
+hence his name became a household word for a nonentity.
+
+BIC'KERSTAFF (_Isaac_), a pseudonym of dean Swift, assumed in the
+paper-war with Partridge, the almanac-maker, and subsequently adopted
+by Steele in _The Tatler_, which was announced as edited by "Isaac
+Bickerstaff, Esq., astrologer."
+
+BICKERTON (_Mrs._), landlady of the Seven Stars inn of York, where
+Jeanie Deans stops on her way to London, whither she is going to plead
+for her sister's pardon.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BID'DENDEN MAIDS (_The_), two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth
+Chulkhurst, born at Biddenden in 1100. They were joined together by
+the shoulders and hips, and lived to the age of thirty-four. Some say
+that it was Mary and Elizabeth Chulkhurst who left twenty acres of
+land to the poor of Biddenden. This tenement called "Bread and Cheese
+Land," because the rent derived from it is distributed on Easter
+Sunday in doles of bread and cheese. Halstead says, in his _History of
+Kent_, that it was the gift of two maidens named Preston, and not of
+the Biddenden Maids.
+
+BIDDY, servant to Wopsle's great-aunt, who kept an "educational
+institution." A good, honest girl who falls in love with Pip, is
+loved by Dolge Orlick, but marries Joe Grargery.--C. Dickens, _Great
+Expectations_ (1860).
+
+BIDDY [BELLAIR] (_Miss_), "Miss in her teens," in love with captain
+Loveit. She was promised in marriage by her aunt and guardian to an
+elderly man whom she detested; and during the absence of captain
+Loveit in the Flanders war, she coquetted with Mr. Fribble and captain
+Flash. On the return of her "Strephon," she set Fribble and Flash
+together by the ears; and while they stood menacing each other, but
+afraid to fight, captain Loveit entered and sent them both to the
+right-about.--D. Garrick, _Miss in Her Teens_ (1753).
+
+BIDEFORD POSTMAN (_The_), Edward Capern, a poet, at one time a
+letter-carrier in Bideford (3 _syl_).
+
+BIDE-THE-BENT (_Mr. Peter_), minister of Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BID'MORE (_Lord_), patron of the Rev Josiah Cargill, minister of St.
+Ronan's.
+
+_The Hon. Augustus Bidmore_, son of lord Bidmore, and pupil of the
+Rev. Josiah Cargill.
+
+_Miss Augusta Bidmore_, daughter of lord
+
+Bidmore, beloved by the Rev. Josiah Cargill--Sir W. Scott, _St.
+Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BIE'DERMAN (_Arnold_), _alias_ count Arnold of Geierstein
+[_Gi'.er.stine_], landamman of Unterwalden. Anne of Geierstein, his
+brother's daughter, is under his charge.
+
+_Bertha Biederman_, Arnold's late wife.
+
+_Ru'diger Biederman_, Arnold Biederman's son.
+
+_Ernest Biederman_, brother of Rudiger.
+
+_Sigismund Biederman_, nicknamed "The Simple," another brother.
+
+_Ulrick Biedermen_, youngest of the four brothers.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BIG-EN'DIANS (_The_), a hypothetical religious party of Lilliput, who
+made it a matter of "faith" to break their eggs at the "big end."
+Those who broke them at the other end were considered heretics, and
+called _Little-endians_.--Dean Swift, _Gulliver's Travels_ (1726).
+
+BIG'LOW (_Hosea_), the feigned author of _The Biglow Papers_ (1848),
+really written by Professor James Russell Lowell of Boston, Mass.
+(1819-1891).
+
+BIG'OT (_De_), seneschal of prince John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+_Big'ot_, in C. Lamb's _Essays_, is John Fenwick, editor of the
+_Albion_ newspaper.
+
+BIL'DAI (2 _syl_.), a seraph and the tutelar guardian of Matthew
+the apostle, the son of wealthy parents and brought up in great
+luxury.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii. (1748).
+
+BILLINGS (_Josh_). A.W. Shaw so signs _His Book of Sayings_ (1866).
+
+Ef a man hezn't a well-balanced mind I _du_ admire to see him part his
+hair in the middle.
+
+Ef thar iz wun sayin' trewer than anuther it is that the devil iz
+allwaies ready fur kumpany.
+
+_Josh Billings's Alminax_ (1870).
+
+BILLINGSGATE (3 _syl_.). Beling was a friend of "Brennus" the Gaul,
+who owned a wharf called Beling's-gate. Geoffrey of Momnouth derives
+the word from Belin, a mythical king of the ancient Britons, who
+"built a gate there," B.C. 400 (1142).
+
+BILLY BARLOW, a merry Andrew, so-called from a semi-idiot, who fancied
+himself "a great potentate." He was well known in the east of London,
+and died in Whitechapel workhouse. Some of his sayings were really
+witty, and some of his attitudes truly farcical.
+
+BILLY BLACK, the conundrum-maker.--_The Hundred-pound Note_.
+
+
+When Keeley was playing "Billy Black" at Chelmsford, he advanced to
+the lights at the close of the piece, and said, "I've one more, and
+this is a good un. Why is Chelmsford Theatre like a half-moon? D'ye
+give it up? Because it is never full."--_Records of a Stage Veteran_.
+
+
+BIMATER ("_two-mother_"). Bacchus was so called because at the death
+of his mother during gestation, Jupiter put the foetus into his own
+thigh for the rest of the time, when the infant Bacchus was duly
+brought forth.
+
+BIMBISTER (_Margery_), the old Ranzelman's spouse.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+BIND'LOOSE (_John_), sheriff's clerk and banker at Marchthorn.--Sir W.
+Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BINGEN (_Bishop of_), generally called bishop Hatto. The tale is that
+during a famine, he invited the poor to his barn on a certain day,
+under the plea of distributing corn to them; but when the barn was
+crowded he locked the door and set fire to the building; for which
+iniquity he was himself devoured by an army of mice or rats. His
+castle is the Mouse-tower on the Rhine.
+
+  They almost devour me with kisses,
+  Their arms about me entwine,
+  Till I think of the bishop of Bingen,
+  In his Mouse-tower on the Rhine.
+
+  Longfellow, _Birds of Passage_.
+
+BINKS (_Sir Bingo_), a fox-hunting baronet, and visitor at the Spa.
+
+_Lady Binks_, wife of sir Bingo, but before marriage Miss Rachael
+Bonnyrigg. Visitor at the Spa with her husband.--Sir W. Scott, _St.
+Ronan's Well_ (time, Greorge III.).
+
+BI'ON, the rhetorician, noted for his acrimonious and sharp sayings.
+
+  Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro.
+
+  Horace, _Epist_. ii. 2, 60.
+
+BIONDEL'LO, one of the servants of Lucentio the future husband
+of Bianca (sister of "the shrew"). His fellow-servant is
+Tra'nio.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the Shrew_ (1594).
+
+BIORN, the son of Heriulf, a Northman, who first touched the shores of
+the New World.
+
+  Across the unpathwayed seas,
+  Shot the brave prow that cut on Vinland sands
+  The first rune in the Saga of the West.
+
+James Russell Lowell, _The Voyage to Vinland_.
+
+BIRCH (_Harvey_), a prominent character in _The Spy_, a novel by J.F.
+Cooper.
+
+BIRD (_My_). Fanny Forester (Emily Chubbuck Judson) thus addressed her
+baby daughter (1848).
+
+  There's not in Ind a lovelier bird:
+  Broad earth owns not a happier nest.
+  Oh, God! Thou hast a fountain stirred
+  Whose waters never more shall rest.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  The pulse first caught its tiny stroke.
+  The blood its crimson hue from mine;
+  The life which I have dared invoke
+  Henceforth is parallel with THINE!
+
+_Bird (The Little Green)_, of the frozen regions, which could reveal
+every secret and impart information of events past, present, or to
+come. Prince Chery went in search of it, so did his two cousins,
+Brightsun and Felix; last of all Fairstar, who succeeded in
+obtaining it, and liberating the princes who had failed in their
+attempts.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Chery," 1682).
+
+This tale is a mere reproduction of "The Two Sisters," the last tale
+of the _Arabian Nights_, in which the bird is called "Bulbulhezar, the
+talking bird."
+
+BIRD SINGING TO A MONK. The monk was Felix.--Longfellow, _Golden
+Legend_, ii.
+
+BIRE'NO, the lover and subsequent husband of Olympia queen of Holland.
+He was taken prisoner by Cymosco king of Friza, but was released by
+Orlando. Bireno, having forsaken Olympia, was put to death by Oberto
+king of Ireland, who married the young widow.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_, iv. v. (1516).
+
+_Bire'no_ (_Duke_), heir to the crown of Lombardy. It is the king's
+wish that he should marry Sophia, his only child, but the princess
+loves Pal'adore (3 _syl_.), a Briton. Bireno has a mistress named
+Alin'da, whom he induces to personate the princess, and in Paladore's
+presence she casts down a rope-ladder for the duke to climb up by.
+Bireno has Alinda murdered to prevent the deception being known, and
+accuses the princess of unchastity--a crime in Lombardy punished by
+death. As the princess is led to execution, Paladore challenges the
+duke, and kills him. The villainy is fully revealed, and the princess
+is married to the man of her choice, who had twice saved her
+life.--Robert Jephson, _The Law of Lombardy_ (1779).
+
+BIRMINGHAM POET (_The_), John Freeth, the wit, poet, and publican, who
+wrote his own songs; set them to music, and sang them (1730-1808).
+
+BIRON, a merry mad-cap young lord, in attendance on Ferdinand king of
+Navarre. Biron promises to spend three years with the king in study,
+during which time no woman is to approach his court; but no sooner has
+he signed the compact, than he falls in love with Rosaline. Rosaline
+defers his suit for twelve months and a day, saying, "If you my favor
+mean to get, for twelve months seek the weary beds of people sick."
+
+  A merrier man,
+  Within the limit of becoming mirth,
+  I never spent an hour's talk withal.
+  His eye begets occasion for his wit:
+  For every object that the one doth catch,
+  The other turns to a mirth-moving jest;
+  Which his fair tongue (conceit's expositor)
+  Delivers in such apt and gracious words,
+  That aged ears play truant at his tales,
+  And younger hearings are quite ravished.
+
+Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_, act ii. sc. 1 (1594).
+
+_Biron_ (_Charles de Gontaut due de_), greatly beloved by Henri IV. of
+France. He won immortal laurels at the battles of Arques and Ivry, and
+at the sieges of Paris and Rouen. The king loaded him with honors: he
+was admiral of France, marshal, governor of Bourgoyne, duke and peer
+of France. This too-much honor made him forget himself, and he entered
+into a league with Spain and Savoy against his country. The plot was
+discovered by Lafin; and although Henri wished to pardon him, he was
+executed (1602, aged 40).
+
+George Chapman has made him the subject of two tragedies, entitled
+_Biron's Conspiracy_ and _Biron's Tragedy_ (1557-1634).
+
+_Biron_, eldest son of count Baldwin, who disinherited him for
+marrying Isabella, a nun. Biron now entered the army and was sent to
+the siege of Candy, where he fell, and it was supposed died. After the
+lapse of seven years, Isabella, reduced to abject poverty, married
+Villeroy (2 _syl_.), but the day after her espousals Biron returned,
+whereupon Isabella went mad and killed herself.--Thomas Southern,
+_Isabella, or the Fatal Marriage_.
+
+  During the absence of the elder Macready, his
+  son took the part of "Biron" in _Isabella_. The
+  father was shocked, because he desired his son
+  for the Church; but Mrs. Siddons remarked to
+  him, "In the Church your son will live and die
+  a curate on L50 a year, but if successful, the
+  stage will bring him in a thousand."--Donaldson,
+  _Recollections_.
+
+BIRTHA, the motherless daughter and only child of As'tragon the
+Lombard philosopher. In spring she gathered blossoms for her father's
+still, in autumn, berries, and in summer, flowers. She fell in love
+with duke Grondibert, whose wounds she assisted her father to heal.
+Birtha, "in love unpractised and unread," is the beau-ideal of
+innocence and purity of mind. Grondibert had just plighted his love to
+her when he was summoned to court, for king Aribert had proclaimed him
+his successor and future son-in-law. Gondibert assured Birtha he would
+remain true to her, and gave her an emerald ring which he told her
+would lose its lustre if he proved untrue. Here the tale breaks
+off, and as it was never finished the sequel is not known.--Sir W.
+Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
+
+BISHOP MIDDLEHAM, who was always declaiming against ardent drinks, and
+advocating water as a beverage, killed himself by secret intoxication.
+
+BISHOPS. The seven who refused to read the declaration of indulgence
+published by James II. and were by him imprisoned for recusancy, were
+archbishop Sancroft _(Canterbury)_, bishops Lloyd _(St. Asaph)_,
+Turner _(Ely)_, Kew _(Bath and Wells)_, White _(Peterborough)_, Lake
+_(Chichester)_, Trelawney _(Bristol)._ Being tried, they were all
+acquitted (June, 1688).
+
+BISTO'NIANS, the Thracians, so called from Biston (son of Mars), who
+built Bisto'nia on lake Bis'tonis.
+
+  So the Bistonian race, a maddening train,
+  Exult and revel on the Thracian plain.
+
+Pitt's _Statius_, ii.
+
+BIT'ELAS(3 _syl_.), sister of Fairlimb, and daughter of Rukenaw the
+ape, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+BIT'TLEBRAINS _(Lord)_, friend of sir William Ashton, lord-keeper of
+Scotland.
+
+_Lady Bittlebrains_, wife of the above lord.--Sir W. Scott, _Bride of
+Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BIT'ZER, light porter in Bounderby's bank at Coketown. He is educated
+at M'Choakumchild's "practical school," and becomes a general spy and
+informer. Bitzer finds out the robbery of the bank, and discovers the
+perpetrator to be Tom Gradgrind (son of Thomas Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.),
+informs against him, and gets promoted to his place.--C. Dickens,
+_Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BIZARRE _[Be.zar'(1)]_, the friend of Orian'a, forever coquetting
+and sparring with Duretete _[Dure.tait]_, and placing him in awkward
+predicaments.--G.K. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702).
+
+BLACK AG'NES, the countess of March, noted for her defence of Dunbar
+during the war which Edward III. maintained in Scotland (1333-1338).
+
+
+Sir Walter Scott says: "The countess was called 'Black Agnes' from
+her complexion. She was the daughter of Thomas Randolph, earl of
+Murray."--_Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 14. (See BLACK PRINCE.)
+
+
+BLACK COLIN CAMPBELL, general Campbell, in the army of George III.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_.
+
+BLACK DOUGLAS, William Douglas, lord of Nithsdale, who died 1390.
+
+  He was tall, strong, and well made, of a swarthy
+  complexion, with dark hair, from which he was
+  called "The Black Douglas."--Sir Walter Scott,
+  _Tales of a Grandfather_, xi.
+
+BLACK DWARF (_The_), of sir Walter Scott, is meant for David Ritchie,
+whose cottage was and still is on Manor Water, in the county of
+Peebles.
+
+BLACK-EYED SUSAN, one of Dibdin's sea-songs.
+
+BLACK GEORGE, the gamekeeper in Fielding's novel, called _The History
+of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+_Black George_, Greorge Petrowitsch of Servia, a brigand; called by
+the Turks _Kara George_, from the terror he inspired.
+
+BLACK HORSE (_The_), the 7th Dragoon Guards (_not_ the 7th Dragoons).
+So called because their facings (or collar and cuffs) are black
+velvet. Their plumes are black and white; and at one time their horses
+were black, or at any rate dark.
+
+
+BLACK KNIGHT OF THE BLACK LANDS (_The_), sir Pereard. Called by
+Tennyson "Night" _or_ "Nox." He was one of the four brothers who
+kept the passages of Castle Dangerous, and was overthrown by sir
+Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 126 (1470);
+Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette").
+
+BLACK LORD CLIFFORD, John ninth lord Clifford, son of Thomas lord
+Clifford. Also called "The Butcher" (died 1461).
+
+BLACK PRINCE, Edward prince of Wales, son of Edward III. Froissart
+says he was styled _black_ "by terror of his arms" (c. 169).
+Similarly, lord Clifford was called "The Black Lord Clifford" for his
+cruelties (died 1461). George Petrowitsch was called by the Turks
+"Black George" from the terror of his name. The countess of March was
+called "Black Agnes" from the terror of her deeds, and not (as sir W.
+Scott says) from her dark complexion. Similarly, "The Black Sea,"
+or Axinus, as the Greeks once called it, received its name from the
+inhospitable character of the Scythians.
+
+BLACK'ACRE (_Widow_), a masculine, litigious, pettifogging, headstrong
+woman.--Wycherly, _The Plain Dealer_ (1677).
+
+BLACKCHESTER (_The countess of_), sister of lord Dalgarno.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+BLACKGUARDS (Victor Hugo says), soldiers condemned for some offence
+in discipline to wear their red coats (which were lined with black)
+inside out. The French equivalent, he says, is _Blaqueurs.--L'Homme
+qui Rit_, II. in. 1.
+
+It is quite impossible to believe this to be the true derivation of
+the word. Other suggestions will be found in the _Dictionary of Phrase
+and Fable_.
+
+BLACKLESS (_Tomalin_), a soldier in the guard of Richard Coeur de
+Lion.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BLACKMANTLE (_Bernard_), Charles Molloy Westmacott, author of _The
+English Spy_ (1826).
+
+BLACK'POOL (_Stephen_), a power-loom weaver in Bounderby's mill at
+Coketown. He had a knitted brow and pondering expression of face, was
+a man of the strictest integrity, refused to join the strike, and was
+turned out of the mill. When Tom Gradgrind robbed the bank of L150, he
+threw suspicion on Stephen Blackpool, and while Stephen was hastening
+to Coketown to vindicate himself he fell into a shaft, known as "the
+Hell Shaft," and although rescued, died on a litter. Stephen Blackpool
+loved Rachael, one of the hands, but had already a drunken, worthless
+wife.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BLACKSMITH (_The Flemish_), Quentin Matsys, the Dutch painter
+(1460-1529).
+
+_Blacksmith_ (_The Learned_), Elihu Burritt, United States
+(1810-1879).
+
+
+BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. The vignette on the wrapper of this magazine is
+meant for George Buchanan, the Scotch historian and poet (1506-1582).
+He is the representative of Scottish literature generally.
+
+The magazine originated in 1817 with William Blackwood of Edinburgh,
+publisher.
+
+BLAD'DERSKATE (_Lord_) and lord Kaimes, the two judges in Peter
+Peeble's lawsuit.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+BLADE O' GRASS, child of the gutter, bright, saucy, and warm-hearted.
+She is taken from her wretched environment by philanthropists, who
+would aid her to lead a different life. However great the outward
+change, she is ever Bohemian at heart.--B.L. Farjeon, _Blade o'
+Grass_.
+
+BLA'DUD, father of king Lear. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that "This
+Prince Bladud was a very ingenious man and taught necromancy in his
+kingdom; nor did he leave off pursuing his magic operations till he
+attempted to fly to the upper regions of the air with wings which he
+had prepared, and fell down upon the temple of Apollo in the city of
+Trinovantum, where he was dashed to pieces."
+
+BLAIR (_Adam_), the hero of a novel by J.G. Lockhart, entitled _Adam
+Blair, a Story of Scottish Life_ (1794-1854).
+
+_Blair_ (_Father Clement_), a Carthusian monk, confessor of Catherine
+Glover, "the fair maid of Perth."--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_
+(time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Blair_ (_Rev. David_), sir Richard Philips, author of _The Universal
+Preceptor_ (1816), _Mother's Question Book_, etc. He issued books
+under a legion of false names.
+
+BLAISE, a hermit, who baptized Merlin the enchanter.
+
+_Blaise_ (_St._), patron saint of wool-combers, because he was torn to
+pieces with iron combs.
+
+BLAKE (_Franklin_), handsome, accomplished, and desperately in love
+with his cousin Rachel. Almost wild concerning the safety of the
+Moonstone which he has conveyed to her, he purloins it while under the
+influence of opium, taken to relieve insomnia, and gives it to the
+plausible villain of the book--Godfrey Ablewhite. The latter pawns it
+to pay his debts, and is murdered by East Indians, who believe that he
+still has the gem.--Wilkie Collins, _The Moonstone_.
+
+BLANCHE (1 _syl._), one of the domestics of lady Eveline "the
+betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+_Blanche_ (_La reine_), the queen of France during the first six weeks
+of her widowhood. During this period of mourning she spent her time
+in a closed room, lit only by a wax taper, and was dressed wholly in
+white. Mary, the widow of Louis XII., was called _La reine Blanche_
+during her days of mourning, and is sometimes (but erroneously) so
+called afterwards.
+
+_Blanche (Lady)_ makes a vow with lady Anne to die an old maid, and
+of course falls over head and ears in love with Thomas Blount, a
+jeweller's son, who enters the army, and becomes a colonel. She is
+very handsome, ardent, brilliant, and fearless.--S. Knowles, _Old
+Maids_ (1841).
+
+BLANCHE LOMBARD, girl of the period, who solaces herself for the
+apparent defection of one lover by flirting with a new acquaintance;
+registered in his note-book as "Blonde; superb physique; fine animal
+spirits; giggles."--Robert Grant, _The Knave of Hearts_ (1886).
+
+BLANCHEFLEUR (2 _syl._), the heroine of Boccaccio's prose romance
+called _Il Filopoco_. Her lover Flores is Boccaccio himself,
+and Blanchefleur was the daughter of king Robert. The story of
+Blanchefleur and Flores is substantially the same as that of _Dorigen
+and Aurelius_, by Chaucer, and that of "Dianora and Ansaldo," in the
+_Decameron_.
+
+BLANDMOUR (_Sir_), a man of "mickle might," who "bore great sway
+in arms and chivalry," but was both vainglorious and insolent. He
+attacked Britomart, but was discomfited by her enchanted spear; he
+next attacked sir Ferraugh, and having overcome him took him from
+the lady who accompanied him, "the False Florimel."--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, iv. 1 (1596).
+
+BLANDEVILLE (_Lady Emily_), a neighbor of the Waverley family,
+afterwards married to colonel Talbot.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+BLANDFORD, the father of Belinda, who he promised sir William
+Bellmont should marry his son George. But Belinda was in love with
+Beverley, and George Bellmont with Clarissa (Beverley's sister).
+Ultimately matters arranged themselves, so that the lovers married
+according to their inclinations.--A. Murphy, _All in the Wrong_
+(1761).
+
+BLANDIMAN, the faithful man-servant of the fair Bellisant, and her
+attendant after her divorce.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BLANDINA, wife of the churlish knight Turpin, who refused hospitality
+to sir Calepine and his lady Serena (canto 3). She had "the art of a
+suasive tongue," and most engaging manners, but "her words were only
+words, and all her tears were water" (canto 7).--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+BLANDISH, a "practised parasite." His sister says to him, "May you
+find but half your own vanity in those you have to work on!" (act i.
+1).
+
+_Miss Letitia Blandish_, sister of the above, a fawning timeserver,
+who sponges on the wealthy. She especially toadies to Miss Alscrip
+"the heiress," flattering her vanity, fostering her conceit, and
+encouraging her vulgar affectations.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_
+(1781).
+
+BLANE (_Niell_), town piper and publican.
+
+_Jenny Blane_, his daughter.--Sir W, Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BLANEY, a wealthy heir, ruined by dissipation.--Crabbe, _Borough_.
+
+BLARNEY (_Lady_), one of the flash women introduced by squire
+Thornhill to the Primrose family.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_
+(1765).
+
+BLASPHEMOUS BALFOUR. Sir James Balfour, the Scottish judge, was so
+called from his apostacy (died 1583).
+
+BLATANT BEAST (_The_), the personification of slander or public
+opinion. The beast had 100 tongues and a sting. Sir Artegal muzzled
+the monster, and dragged it to Faery-land, but it broke loose and
+regained its liberty. Subsequently sir Calidore (_3 syl._) went in
+quest of it.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. and vi. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] "Mrs. Grundy" is the modern name of Spenser's "Blatant
+Beast."
+
+BLATHERS AND DUFF, detectives who investigate the burglary in which
+Bill Sikes had a hand. Blathers relates the tale of Conkey Chickweed,
+who robbed himself of 327 guineas.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BLATTERGROWL (_The Rev. Mr._), minister of Trotcosey, near
+Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BLEEDING-HEART YARD (London). So called because it was the place where
+the devil cast the bleeding heart of lady Hatton (wife of the dancing
+chancellor), after he had torn it out of her body with his claws.--Dr.
+Mackay, _Extraordinary Popular Delusions_.
+
+BLEISE (1 _syl._) of Northumberland, historian of king Arthur's
+period.
+
+BLEMMYES (3 _syl._), a people of Africa, fabled to have no head, but
+having eyes and mouth in the breast. (See GAOKA.)
+
+  Blemmyis traduntur capita abesse, ore et oculis
+  pectori affixis.--Pliny.
+
+Ctesias speaks of a people of India near the Ganges, _sine cervice,
+oculos in humeris habentes_. Mela also refers to a people _quibus
+capita et vultus in pectore sunt_.
+
+BLENHEIM SPANIELS. The Oxford electors are so called, because for
+many years they obediently supported any candidate which the duke of
+Marlborough commanded them to return. Lockhart broke through this
+custom by telling the people the fable of the _Dog and the Wolf_. The
+dog, it will be remembered, had on his neck the marks of his collar,
+and the wolf said he preferred liberty.
+
+(The race of the little dog called the Blenheim spaniel, has been
+preserved ever since Blenheim House was built for the duke of
+Marlborough in 1704.)
+
+BLETSON (_Master Joshua_), one of the three parliamentary
+commissioners sent by Cromwell with a warrant to leave the royal lodge
+to the Lee family.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+BLIFIL, a noted character in Fielding's novel entitled _The History
+of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+ Blifil is the original of Sheridan's "Joseph Surface" in the
+_School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+BLIGH (_William_), captain of the _Bounty_, so well known for the
+mutiny, headed by Fletcher Christian, the mate (1790).
+
+BLIMBER (_Dr._), head of a school for the sons of gentlemen, at
+Brighton. It was a select school for ten pupils only; but there was
+learning enough for ten times ten. "Mental green peas were produced at
+Christmas, and intellectual asparagus all the year round." The doctor
+was really a ripe scholar, and truly kind-hearted; but his great fault
+was over-tasking his boys, and not seeing when the bow was too much
+stretched. Paul Dombey, a delicate lad, succumbed to this strong
+mental pressure.
+
+_Mrs. Blimber_, wife of the doctor, not learned, but wished to be
+thought so. Her pride was to see the boys in the largest possible
+collars and stiffest possible cravats, which she deemed highly
+classical.
+
+_Cornelia Blimber_, the doctor's daughter, a slim young lady, who kept
+her hair short and wore spectacles. Miss Blimber "had no nonsense
+about her," but had grown "dry and sandy with working in the graves
+of dead languages." She married Mr. Feeder, B.A., Dr. Blimber's
+usher.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BLIND BEGGAR OF BETHNAL GREEN, Henry, son and heir of sir Simon de
+Montfort. At the battle of Evesham the barons were routed, Montfort
+slain, and his son Henry left on the field for dead. A baron's
+daughter discovered the young man, nursed him with care, and married
+him. The fruit of the marriage was "pretty Bessee, the beggar's
+daughter." Henry de Montfort assumed the garb and semblance of a blind
+beggar, to escape the vigilance of king Henry's spies.
+
+Day produced, in 1659, a drama called _The Blind Beggar of Bethnal
+Green_, and S. Knowles, in 1834, produced his amended drama on
+the same subject. There is [or was], in the Whitechapel Road a
+public-house sign called the Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green.--_History
+of Sign-boards._
+
+BLIND EMPEROR (_The_), Ludovig III. of Germany (880, 890-934).
+
+BLIND HARPER (_The_), John Parry, who died 1739.
+
+John Stanley, mnsician and composer, was blind from his birth
+(1713-1786).
+
+BLIND HARRY, a Scotch minstrel of the fifteenth century, blind from
+infancy. His epic of _Sir William Wallace_ runs to 11,861 lines. He
+was minstrel in the court of James IV.
+
+BLIND MECHANICIAN (_The_). John Strong, a great mechanical genius, was
+blind from his birth. He died at Carlisle, aged sixty-six (1732-1798).
+
+BLIND POET (_The_), Luigi Groto, an Italian poet called _Il Cieco_
+(1541-1585). John Milton (1608-1674).
+
+Homer is called _The Blind Old Bard_ (fl. B.C. 960).
+
+BLIND TRAVELLER (_The_), lieutenant James Holman. He became blind at
+the age of twenty-five, but, notwithstanding, travelled round the
+world, and published an account of his travels (1787-1857).
+
+BLINKINSOP, a smuggler in _Redgauntlet_, a novel by sir W. Scott
+(time, George III.).
+
+BLISTER, the apothecary, who says, "Without physicians, no one could
+know whether he was well or ill." He courts Lucy by talking shop to
+her.--Fielding, _The Virgin Unmasked_.
+
+BLITHE-HEART KING (_The_). David is so called by Caedmon.
+
+  Those lovely lyrics written by his hand
+  Whom Saxon Caedmon calls "The Blithe-heart King."
+  Longfellow, _The Poet's Tale_ (ref. is to _Psalm_
+  cxlviii. 9).
+
+BLOCK (_Martin_), one of the committee of the Estates of Burgundy, who
+refuse supplies to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BLOK (_Nikkel_), the butcher, one of the insurgents at Liege.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BLONDEL DE NESLE [_Neel_], the favorite trouvere or minstrel of
+Richard Coeur de Lion. He chanted the _Bloody Vest_ in presence of
+queen Berengaria, the lovely Edith Plantagenet.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BLONDINA, the mother of Fairstar and two boys at one birth. She was
+the wife of a king, but the queen-mother hated her, and taking away
+the three babes substituted three puppies. Ultimately her children
+were restored to her, and the queen-mother with her accomplices were
+duly punished.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar,"
+1682).
+
+BLOOD (_Colonel Thomas_), emissary of the duke of Buckingham
+(1628-1680), introduced by sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_, a
+novel (time, Charles II.).
+
+BLOODS (_The Five_): (1) The O'Neils of Ulster; (2) the O'Connors of
+Connaught; (3) the O'Brians of Thomond; (4) the O'Lachlans of Meath;
+and (5) the M'Murroughs of Leinster. These are the five principal
+septs or families of Ireland, and all not belonging to one of these
+five septs are accounted aliens or enemies, and could "neither sue nor
+be sued," even down to the reign of Elizabeth.
+
+William Fitz-Roger, being arraigned (4th Edward II.) for the murder of
+Roger de Cantilon, pleads that he was not guilty of felony, because
+his victim was not of "free blood," _i.e._ one of the "five bloods of
+Ireland." The plea is admitted by the jury to be good.
+
+BLOODY (_The_), Otho II. emperor of Germany (955, 973-983).
+
+BLOODY-BONES, a bogie.
+
+  As bad as Bloody-bones or Lunsford (_i.e._ sir
+  Thomas Lunsford, governor of the Tower, the
+  dread of every one).--S. Butler, _Hudibras_.
+
+BLOODY BROTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Beaumont and Fletcher (1639). The
+"bloody brother" is Rollo duke of Normandy, who kills his brother Otto
+and several other persons, but is himself killed ultimately by Hamond
+captain of the guard.
+
+BLOODY BUTCHER (_The_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of George
+II., so called from his barbarities in the suppression of the
+rebellion in favor of Charles Edward, the young pretender. "Black
+Clifford" was also called "The Butcher" for his cruelties (died 1461).
+
+BLOODY HAND, Cathal, an ancestor of the O'Connors of Ireland.
+
+BLOODY MARY, queen Mary of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and elder
+half-sister of queen Elizabeth. So called on account of the sanguinary
+persecutions carried on by her government against the protestants.
+It is said that 200 persons were burned to death in her short reign
+(1516,1553-1558).
+
+BLOOMFIELD (_Louisa_), a young lady engaged to lord Totterly the beau
+of sixty, but in love with Charles Danvers the embryo barrister.--C.
+Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+BLOUNT (_Nicholas_), afterwards knighted; master of the horse to the
+earl of Sussex.
+
+--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Blount_ (_Sir Frederick_), a distant relative of sir John Vesey. He
+had a great objection to the letter _r_, which he considered "wough
+and wasping." He dressed to perfection, and though not "wich," prided
+himself on having the "best opewa-box, the best dogs, the best horses,
+and the best house" of any one. He liked Greorgina Vesey, and as she
+had L10,000 he thought he should do himself no harm by "mawy-wing the
+girl."--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+_Blount_ (_Master_), a wealthy jeweller of Ludgate Hill, London. An
+old-fashioned tradesman, not ashamed of his calling. He had two sons,
+John and Thomas; the former was his favorite.
+
+_Mistress Blount_, his wife. A shrewd, discerning woman, who loved her
+son Thomas, and saw in him the elements of a rising man.
+
+_John Blount_, eldest son of the Ludgate jeweller. Being left
+successor to his father, he sold the goods and set up for a man of
+fashion and fortune. His vanity and snobbism were most gross. He
+had good-nature, but more cunning than discretion, thought himself
+far-seeing, but was most easily duped. "The phaeton was built after
+my design, my lord," he says, "mayhap your lordship has seen it." "My
+taste is driving, my lord, mayhap your lordship has seen me handle the
+ribbons." "My horses are all bloods, mayhap your lordship has noticed
+my team." "I pride myself on my seat in the saddle, mayhap your
+lordship has seen me ride." "If I am superlative in anything, 'its in
+my wines." "So please your ladyship, 'tis dress I most excel in ...
+'tis walking I pride myself in." No matter what is mentioned, 'tis the
+one thing he did or had better than any one else. This conceited fool
+was duped into believing a parcel of men-servants to be lords and
+dukes, and made love to a lady's maid, supposing her to be a countess.
+
+_Thomas Blount_, John's brother, and one of nature's gentlemen. He
+entered the army, became a colonel, and married lady Blanche. He is
+described as having "a lofty forehead for princely thought to dwell
+in, eyes for love or war, a nose of Grecian mould with touch of Rome,
+a mouth like Cupid's bow, ambitious chin dimpled and knobbed."--S.
+Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841).
+
+BLOUZELINDA or BLOWZELINDA, a shepherdess in love with Lobbin Clout,
+in _The Shepherd's Week_.
+
+  My Blouzelinda is the blithest lass,
+  Than primrose sweeter, or the clover-grass.
+  My Blouzelind's than gilliflower more fair,
+  Than daisie, marygold, or kingcup rare.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+  Sweet is my toil when Blowzelind is near,
+  Of her bereft 'tis winter all the year ...
+  Come, Blowzelinda, ease thy swain's desire,
+  My summer's shadow, and my winter's fire.
+  Ditto.
+
+BLOWER (_Mrs. Margaret_), the shipowner's widow at the Spa. She
+marries Dr. Quackleben, "the man of medicine" (one of the managing
+committee at the Spa).--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George
+III.).
+
+BLUCHER was nicknamed "Marshal Forward" for his dash and readiness in
+the campaign of 1813.
+
+BLUE BEARD (_La Barbe Bleue_), from the _contes_ of Charles Perrault
+(1697). The chevalier Raoul is a merciless tyrant, with a blue beard.
+His young wife is entrusted with all the keys of the castle, with
+strict injunctions on pain of death not to open one special room.
+During the absence of her lord the "forbidden fruit" is too tempting
+to be resisted, the door is opened, and the young wife finds the floor
+covered with the dead bodies of her husband's former wives. She drops
+the key in her terror, and can by no means obliterate from it the
+stain of blood. Blue Beard, on his return, commands her to prepare for
+death, but by the timely arrival of her brothers her life is saved and
+Blue Beard put to death.
+
+Dr. C. Taylor thinks Blue Beard is a type of the castle-lords in the
+days of knight-errantry. Some say Henry VIII. (the noted wife-killer)
+was the "academy figure." Others think it was Giles de Retz, marquis
+de Laval, marshal of France in 1429, who (according to Mezeray)
+murdered six of his seven wives, and was ultimately strangled in 1440.
+
+Another solution is that Blue Beard was count Conomar, and the
+young wife Triphyna, daughter of count Guerech. Count Conomar was
+lieutenant of Brittany in the reign of Childebert. M. Hippolyte
+Violeau assures us that in 1850, during the repairs of the chapel of
+St. Nicolas de Bieuzy, some ancient frescoes were discovered with
+scenes from the life of St. Triphyna: (1) The marriage; (2) the
+husband taking leave of his young wife and entrusting to her a key;
+(3) a room with an open door, through which are seen the corpses of
+seven women hanging; (4) the husband threatening his wife, while
+another female [_sister Anne_] is looking out of a window above; (5)
+the husband has placed a halter round the neck of his victim, but the
+friends, accompanied by St. Gildas, abbot of Rhuys in Brittany, arrive
+just in time to rescue the future saint.--_Pelerinages de Bretagne_.
+
+BLUE KNIGHT (_The_), sir Persaunt of India, called by Tennyson
+"Morning Star" _or_ "Phosphorus." He was one of the four brothers
+who kept the passages of Castle Perilous, and was overthrown by sir
+Gareth.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 131 (1470);
+Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette").
+
+[Illustration] It is evidently a blunder in Tennyson to call the
+_Blue_ Knight "Morning Star," and the _Green_ Knight "Evening Star."
+The reverse is correct, and in the old romance the combat with the
+Green Knight was at day-break, and with the Blue Knight at sunset.
+
+BLUE-SKIN, Joseph Blake, an English burglar, so called from his
+complexion. He was executed in 1723.
+
+BLUFF (_Bachelor_), celibate philosopher upon social, domestic, and
+cognate themes.
+
+  "Give me," he says emphatically, "in our
+  household, color and cheeriness--not cold art,
+  nor cold pretensions of any kind, but warmth,
+  brightness, animation. Bring in pleasing colors,
+  choice pictures, _bric-a-brac_, and what-not. But
+  let in, also, the sun; light the fires; and have
+  everything for daily use."--Oliver Bell Bunce,
+  _Bachelor Bluff_ (1882).
+
+_Bluff (Captain Noll)_, a swaggering bully and boaster. He says,
+"I think that fighting for fighting's sake is sufficient cause for
+fighting. Fighting, to me, is religion and the laws."
+
+  "You must know, sir, I was resident in Flanders
+  the last campaign ... there was scarce
+  anything of moment done, but a humble servant
+  of yours ... had the greatest share in't....
+  Well, would you think it, in all this time ...
+  that rascally _Gazette_ never so much as once mentioned
+  me? Not once, by the wars! Took no
+  more notice of Noll Bluff than if he had not been
+  in the land of the living."--Congreve, _The Old
+  Bachelor_ (1693).
+
+BLUFF HAL or BLUFF HARRY, Henry VIII.
+
+  Ere yet in scorn of Peter's pence,
+  And numbered bead and shrift,
+  Bluff Harry broke into the spence,
+  And turned the cowls adrift.
+  Tennyson, _The Talking Oak_.
+
+BLUN'DERBORE (3 _syl._), the giant who was drowned because Jack
+scuttled his boat.--_Jack the Giant-killer_.
+
+BLUNT (_Colonel_), a brusque royalist, who vows "he'd woo no woman,"
+but falls in love with Arbella, an heiress, woos and wins her. T.
+Knight, who has converted this comedy into a farce, with the title of
+_Honest Thieves_, calls colonel Blunt "captain Manly."--Hon. sir R.
+Howard, _The Committee_ (1670).
+
+_Blunt_ (_Major-General_), an old cavalry officer, rough in speech,
+but brave, honest, and a true patriot.--Shadwell, _The Volunteers_.
+
+BLUSHINGTON (_Edward_), a bashful young gentleman of twenty-five, sent
+as a poor scholar to Cambridge, without any expectations, but by the
+death of his father and uncle, left all at once as "rich as a nabob."
+At college he was called "the sensitive plant of Brazenose," because
+he was always blushing. He dines by invitation at Friendly Hall, and
+commits ceaseless blunders. Next day his college chum, Frank Friendly,
+writes word that he and his sister Dinah, with sir Thomas and lady
+Friendly, will dine with him. After a few glasses of wine, he loses
+his bashful modesty, makes a long speech, and becomes the accepted
+suitor of the pretty Miss Dinah Friendly.--W.T. Moncrieff, _The
+Bashful Man_.
+
+BO or _Boh_, says Warton, was a fierce Gothic chief, whose name was
+used to frighten children.
+
+BOADICEA, queen of a tribe of ancient Britons. Her husband having been
+killed by the Romans, she took the field in person. She was defeated
+and committed suicide.
+
+BOANERGES (_4 syl._), a declamatory pet parson, who anathematizes all
+except his own "elect." "He preaches real rousing-up discourses, but
+sits down pleasantly to his tea, and makes hisself friendly."--Mrs.
+Oliphant, _Salem Chapel_.
+
+  A protestant Boanerges, visiting Birmingham,
+  sent an invitation to Dr. Newman to dispute
+  publicly with him in the Town Hall.--E. Yates,
+  _Celebrities_, xxii.
+
+[Illustration] Boanerges or "sons of thunder" is the name given by
+Jesus Christ to James and John, because they wanted to call down fire
+from heaven to consume the Samaritans.--Mark iii. 17.
+
+BOAR (_The_), Richard III., so called from his cognizance.
+
+  The bristled boar,
+  In infant gore,
+  Wallows beneath the thorny shade.
+  Gray, _The Bard_ (1757).
+
+In contempt Richard III. is called _The Hog_, hence the popular
+distich:
+
+  The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell the dog,
+  Rule all England, under the Hog.
+
+("The Cat" is Catesby, and "the Rat" Ratcliffe).
+
+_Boar (The Blue)_. This public-house sign (Westminster) is the badge
+of the Veres earls of Oxford.
+
+_The Blue Boar Lane_ (St. Nicholas, Leicester) is so named from the
+cognizance of Richard III., because he slept there the night before
+the battle of Bosworth Field.
+
+BOAR OF ARDENNES (_The Wild_), in French _Le Sanglier des Ardennes_
+(_2 syl._), was Guillaume comte de la Marck, so called because he was
+as fierce as the wild boar he delighted to hunt. The character is
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _Quentin_ _Durward_, under the name of
+"William count of la Marck."
+
+BOB'ADIL, an ignorant, shallow bully, thoroughly cowardly, but
+thought by his dupes to be an amazing hero. He lodged with Cob (the
+water-carrier) and his wife Tib. Master Stephen was greatly struck
+with his "dainty oaths," such as "By the foot of Pharaoh!" "Body of
+Caesar!" "As I am a gentleman and a soldier!" His device to save
+the expense of a standing army is inimitable for its conceit and
+absurdity:
+
+"I would select 19 more to myself throughout the land; gentlemen they
+should be, of a good spirit and able constitution. I would choose them
+by an instinct,... and I would teach them the special rules ... till
+they could play _[fence]_ very near as well as myself. This done, say
+the enemy were 40,000 strong, we 20 would ... challenge 20 of the
+enemy; ... kill them; challenge 20 more, kill them; 20 more, kill them
+too; ... every man his 10 a day, that's 10 score ... 200 a day; five
+days, a thousand; 40,000, 40 times 5,200 days; kill them all."--Ben
+Jonson, _Every Man in his Humour_, iv. 7 (1598).
+
+Since his [_Henry Woodward, 1717-1777_] time the part of "Bobadil" has
+never been justly performed. It may be said to have died with him.
+
+--Dr. Doran.
+
+The name was probably suggested by Bobadilla first governor of Cuba,
+who superseded Columbus sent home in chains on a most frivolous
+charge. Similar characters are "Metamore" and "Scaramouch" (Moliere);
+"Parolles" and "Pistol" (Shakespeare); "Bessus" (Beaumont and
+Fletcher). (See also BASILISCO, BOROUGHCLIFF, CAPTAIN BRAZEN, CAPTAIN
+NOLL BLUFF, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSE, etc.)
+
+BOBOLINKON. Christopher Pearse Cranch calls the bobolink:
+
+  Still merriest of the merry birds, and
+  Pied harlequins of June.
+
+  O, could I share without champagne
+  Or muscadel, your frolic;
+  The glad delirium of your joy,
+  Your fun unapostolic;
+  Your drunken jargon through the fields,
+  Your bobolinkish gabble,
+  Your fine Anacreontic glee,
+  Your tipsy reveller's babble!
+
+Christopher Pearse Cranch, _The Bird and the Bell_ (1875).
+
+BODACH GLAY or "Grey Spectre," a house demon of the Scotch, similar to
+the Irish banshee.
+
+BODLEY FAMILY, an American household, father, mother, sisters, and
+brothers, whose interesting adventures at home and abroad are detailed
+by Horace E. Scudder in _The Bodley Books_ (1875-1887).
+
+BOEMOND, the Christian king of Antioch, who tried to teach his
+subjects arts, law, and religion. He is of the Norman race, Rogero's
+brother, and son of Roberto Guiscardo.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_
+(1575).
+
+BOEUF (_Front de_), a gigantic, ferocious follower of prince
+John.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+BOFFIN (_Nicodemus_), "the golden dustman," foreman of old John
+Harmon, dustman and miser. He was "a broad, round-shouldered,
+one-sided old fellow, whose face was of the rhinoceros build, with
+overlapping ears." A kind, shrewd man was Mr. Boffin, devoted to his
+wife, whom he greatly admired. Being residuary legatee of John Harmon,
+dustman, he came in for L100,000. Afterwards, John Harmon, the son,
+being discovered, Mr. Boffin surrendered the property to him, and
+lived with him.
+
+_Mrs. Boffin_, wife of Mr. N. Boffin, and daughter of a cat's-meatman.
+She was a fat, smiling, good-tempered creature, the servant of old
+John Harmon, dustman and miser, and very kind to the miser's son
+(young John Harmon). After Mr. Boffin came into his fortune she became
+"a high flyer at fashion," wore black velvet and sable, but retained
+her kindness of heart and love for her husband. She was devoted to
+Bella Wilfer, who ultimately became the wife of young John Harmon,
+_alias_ Rokesmith.--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).
+
+BO'GIO, one of the allies of Charlemagne. He promised his wife to
+return within six months, but was slain by Dardinello.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BOHEMIAN (_A_), a gipsy, from the French notion that the first gipsies
+came from Bohemia.
+
+_A Literary Bohemian_, an author of desultory works and irregular
+life.
+
+Never was there an editor with less about him of the literary
+Bohemian.--_Fortnightly Review_ ("Paston Letters").
+
+_Bohemian Literature_, desultory reading.
+
+_A Bohemian Life_, an irregular, wandering, restless way of living,
+like that of a gipsy.
+
+BO'HEMOND, prince of Antioch, a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert
+of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+BOIS'GRELIN (_The young countess de_), introduced in the ball given by
+king Rene at Aix.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+BOIS-GUILBERT (_Sir Brian de_), a preceptor of the Knights Templars.
+Ivanhoe vanquishes him in a tournament. He offers insult to Rebecca,
+and she threatens to cast herself from the battlements if he touches
+her. "When the castle is set on fire by the sibyl, sir Brian carries
+off Rebecca from the flames. The Grand-Master of the Knights Templars
+charges Rebecca with sorcery, and she demands a trial by combat. Sir
+Brian de Bois-Guilbert is appointed to sustain the charge against her,
+and Ivanhoe is her champion. Sir Brian being found dead in the lists,
+Rebecca is declared innocent."--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ time, (Richard
+I.).
+
+BOISTERER, one of the seven attendants of Fortunio. His gift was
+that he could overturn a windmill with his breath, and even wreck a
+man-of-war.
+
+  Fortunio asked him what he was doing. "I
+  am blowing a little, sir," answered he, "to set
+  those mills at work." "But," said the knight,
+  "you seem too far off." "On the contrary," replied
+  the blower, "I am too near, for if I did not
+  restrain my breath I should blow the mills over,
+  and perhaps the hill too on which they stand."--Comtesse
+  D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio,"
+  1682).
+
+BOLD BEAUCHAMP _[Beech-am]_, a proverbial phrase similar to "an
+Achilles," "a Hector," etc. The reference is to Thomas de Beauchamp,
+earl of Warwick, who, with one squire and six archers, overthrew a
+hundred armed men at Hogges, in Normandy, in 1346.
+
+  So had we still of ours, in France that famous were,
+  Warwick, of England then high-constable that was,
+  ...So hardy, great, and strong,
+  That after of that name it to an adage grew,
+  If any man himself adventurous happed to shew,
+  "Bold Beauchamp" men him termed, if none so bold as he.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).
+
+BOLD STROKE FOR A HUSBAND, a comedy by Mrs. Cowley. There are two
+plots: one a bold stroke to get the man of one's choice for a husband,
+and the other a bold stroke to keep a husband. Olivia de Zuniga fixed
+her heart on Julio de Messina, and refused or disgusted all suitors
+till he came forward. Donna Victoria, in order to keep a husband,
+disguised herself in man's apparel, assumed the name of Florio, and
+made love as a man to her husband's mistress. She contrived by an
+artifice to get back an estate which don Carlos had made over to his
+mistress, and thus saved her husband from ruin (1782).
+
+BOLD STROKE FOR A WIFE. Old Lovely at death left his daughter Anne
+L30,000, but with this proviso, that she was to forfeit the money if
+she married without the consent of her guardians. Now her guardians
+were four in number, and their characters so widely different that
+"they never agreed on any one thing." They were sir Philip Modelove,
+an old beau; Mr. Periwinkle, a silly virtuoso; Mr. Tradelove, a broker
+on 'Change; and Mr. Obadiah Prim, a hypocritical quaker. Colonel
+Feignwell contrived to flatter all the guardians to the top of their
+bent, and won the heiress.--Mrs. Centlivre (1717).
+
+BOLDWOOD (_Farmer_), one of the wooers of Bathsheba Everdene. He
+serves for her seven years and loses her at last, after killing
+her husband to free her from his tyranny. He is sentenced to penal
+servitude "during Her Majesty's pleasure."--Thomas Hardy, _Far from
+the Madding Crowd_ (1874).
+
+BOLSTER, a famous Wrath, who compelled St. Agnes to gather up the
+boulders which infested his territory. She carried three apronfuls to
+the top of a hill, hence called St. Agnes' Beacon. (See WRATH'S HOLE.)
+
+BOL'TON (_Stawarth_), an English officer in _The Monastery_, a novel
+by sir W. Scott (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BOLTON ASS. This creature is said to have chewed tobacco and taken
+snuff.--Dr. Doran.
+
+BOMBA _(King)_, a nickname given to Ferdinand II. of Naples, in
+consequence of his cruel bombardment of Messi'na in 1848. His son, who
+bombarded Palermo in 1860, is called _Bombali'no_ ("Little Bomba").
+
+  A young Sicilian, too, was there...
+  [_Who_] being rebellious to his liege,
+  After Palermo's fatal siege,
+  Across the western seas he fled
+  In good king Bomba's happy reign.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (prelude).
+
+BOMBARDIN'IAN, general of the forces of king Chrononhotonthologos.
+He invites the king to his tent, and gives him hashed pork. The king
+strikes him, and calls him traitor. "Traitor, in thy teeth,"
+replies the general. They fight, and the king is killed.--H. Carey,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+BOMBASTES FURIOSO, general of Artaxam'inous (king of Utopia). He is
+plighted to Distaffi'na, but Artaxaminous promises her "half-a-crown"
+if she will forsake the general for himself. "This bright reward
+of ever-daring minds" is irresistible. When Bombastes sees himself
+flouted, he goes mad, and hangs his boots on a tree, with this label
+duly displayed:
+
+  Who dares this pair of boots displace,
+  Must meet Bombastes face to face.
+
+The king, coming up, cuts down the boots, and Bombastes "kills him."
+Fusbos, seeing the king fallen, "kills" the general; but at the
+close of the farce the dead men rise one by one, and join the dance,
+promising, if the audience likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B.
+Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso._ [Illustration] This farce is a travesty
+of _Orlando_ _Furioso_, and "Distaffina" is Angelica, beloved by
+Orlando, whom she flouted for Medoro, a young Moor. On this Orlando
+went mad, and hung up his armor on a tree, with this distich attached
+thereto:
+
+  Orlando's arms let none displace,
+  But such who'll meet him face to face.
+
+In the _Rehearsal_, by the duke of Buckingham, Bayes' troops are
+killed, every man of them, by Drawcansir, but revive, and "go off on
+their legs."
+
+See the translation of _Don Quixote_, by C. H. Wilmot, Esq., ii. 363
+(1764).
+
+_Bombastes Furioso (The French)_, capitaine Fracasse.--Theophile
+Gautier.
+
+BOMBAS'TUS, the family name of Paracelsus. He is said to have kept a
+small devil prisoner in the pommel of his sword.
+
+  Bombastus kept a devil's bird
+  Shut in the pommel of his sword,
+  That taught him all the cunning pranks
+  Of past and future mountebanks.
+
+  S. Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 3.
+
+BONAS'SUS, an imaginary wild beast, which the Ettrick shepherd
+encountered. (The Ettrick shepherd was James Hogg, the Scotch
+poet.)--_Noctes Ambrosianae_ (No. xlviii., April, 1830).
+
+BONAVENTU'RE _(Father)_, a disguise assumed for the nonce by the
+chevalier Charles Edward, the pretender.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.).
+
+BONDU'CA or BOADICE'A, wife of Praesutagus king of the Ice'ni. For the
+better security of his family, Praesutagus made the emperor of Rome
+co-heir with his daughters; whereupon the Roman officers took
+possession of his palace, gave up the princesses to the licentious
+brutality of the Roman soldiers, and scourged the queen in public.
+Bonduca, roused to vengeance, assembled an army, burnt the Roman
+colonies of London, Colchester [_Camalodunum_], Verulam, etc., and
+slew above 80,000 Romans. Subsequently, Sueto'nius Paulinus defeated
+the Britons, and Bonduca poisoned herself, A.D. 61. John Fletcher
+wrote a tragedy entitled _Bonduca_ (1647).
+
+BONE-SETTER _(The)_, Sarah Mapp (died 1736).
+
+BO'NEY, a familiar contraction of Bo'naparte (3 _syl_.), used by
+the English in the early part of the nineteenth century by way of
+depreciation. Thus Thom. Moore speaks of "the infidel Boney."
+
+BONHOMME (_Jacques_), a peasant who interferes with politics; hence
+the peasants' rebellion of 1358 was called _La Jacquerie_. The words
+may be rendered "Jimmy" or "Johnny Goodfellow."
+
+BON'IFACE (_St._), an Anglo-Saxon whose name was Winifrid or Winfrith,
+born in Devonshire. He was made archbishop of Mayence by pope Gregory
+III., and is called "The Apostle of the Germans." St. Boniface
+was murdered in Friesland by some peasants, and his day is June 5
+(680-755).
+
+  ... in Friesland first St. Boniface our best,
+  Who of the see of Mentz, while there he sat possessed,
+  At Dockum had his death, by faithless Frisians slain.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+_Bon'iface_,(_Father_), ex-abbot of Kennaquhair. He first appears
+under the name of Blinkhoodie in the character of gardener at Kinross,
+and afterwards as the old gardener at Dundrennan. (_Kennaquhair_, that
+is, "I know not where.")--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bon'iface_ (_The abbot_), successor of the abbot Ingelram, as
+Superior of St. Mary's Convent.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+_Boni'face_, landlord of the inn at Lichfield, in league with the
+highwaymen. This sleek, jolly publican is fond of the cant phrase, "as
+the saying is." Thus, "Does your master stay in town, as the saying
+is?" "So well, as the saying is, I could wish we had more of them."
+"I'm old Will Boniface; pretty well known upon this road, as the
+saying is." He had lived at Lichfield "man and boy above eight and
+fifty years, and not consumed eight and fifty ounces of meat." He
+says:
+
+  "I have fed purely upon ale. I have eat my
+  ale, drank my ale, and I always sleep upon my
+  ale."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_,
+  i. I (1707).
+
+BONNE REINE, Claude de France, daughter of Louis XII. and wife of
+Francois I. (1499-1524).
+
+BONNET ROUGE, a red republican, so called from the red cap of liberty
+which he wore.
+
+BONNIBEL, southern beauty in Constance Cary Harrison's tale, _Flower
+de Hundred._
+
+  The perfection of blonde prettiness, with a
+  mouth like Cupid's bow, a tiny tip-tilted nose,
+  eyes gold-brown to match her hair, a color like
+  crushed roses in her cheeks (1891).
+
+BONNIVARD (_Francois de_), the prisoner of Chillon. In Byron's poem he
+was one of six brothers, five of whom died violent deaths. The father
+and two sons died on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake;
+three were imprisoned in the dungeon of Chillon, near the lake of
+Geneva. Two of the three died, and Francois was set at liberty by
+Henri the Bearnais. They were incarcerated by the duke-bishop of Savoy
+for republican principles (1496-1570).
+
+BONSTET'TIN (_Nicholas_), the old deputy of Schwitz, and one of the
+deputies of the Swiss confederacy to Charles duke of Burgundy.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BON'TEMPS (_Roger_), the personification of that buoyant spirit
+which is always "inclined to hope rather than fear," and in the very
+midnight of distress is ready to exclaim, "There's a good time coming,
+wait a little longer." The character is the creation of Beranger.
+
+
+  Vous, pauvres pleins d'envie,
+  Vous, riches desireux;
+  Vous, dont le char devie
+  Apres un cours heureux;
+  Vous, qui perdrez peut-etre
+  Des titres eclatans,
+  Eh gai! prenez pour maitre
+  Le gros Roger Bontemps.
+
+  Beranger (1814).
+
+BON'THORN (_Anthony_), one of Ramorny's followers; employed to murder
+Smith, the lover of Catherine Glover ("the fair maid of Perth"), but
+he murdered Oliver instead, by mistake. When charged with the crime,
+he demanded a trial by combat, and being defeated by Smith, confessed
+his guilt and was hanged. He was restored to life, but being again
+apprehended was executed.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+BON TON, a farce by Garrick. Its design is to show the evil effects of
+the introduction of foreign morals and foreign manners. Lord Minikin
+neglects his wife, and flirts with Miss Tittup. Lady Minikin hates her
+husband, and flirts with colonel Tivy. Miss Tittup is engaged to the
+colonel. Sir John Trotley, who does not understand _bon ton_, thinks
+this sort of flirtation very objectionable. "You'll excuse me, for
+such old-fashioned notions, I am sure" (1760).
+
+BOO'BY (_Lady_), a vulgar upstart, who tries to seduce her footman,
+Joseph Andrews. Parson Adams reproves her for laughing in church. Lady
+Booby is a caricature of Richardson's "Pamela."--Fielding, _Joseph
+Andrews_ (1742).
+
+BOON ISLAND. In Celia Thaxter's poem, _The Watch of Boon Island_, is
+told the story of two wedded lovers who tended the lighthouse on Boon
+Island until the husband died, when the wife
+
+  Bowed her head and let the light die out,
+  For the wide sea lay calm as her dead love,
+  When evening fell from the far land, in doubt,
+  Vainly to find that faithful star men strove.
+  (1874.)
+
+BOONE (1 _syl._), colonel [afterwards "general"] Daniel Boone, in the
+United States' service, was one of the earliest settlers in Kentucky,
+where he signalized himself by many daring exploits against the Red
+Indians (1735-1820).
+
+  Of all men, saving Sylla the man-slayer...
+  The general Boone, the back-woodsman of Kentucky,
+  Was happiest among mortals anywhere, etc.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, viii. 61-65 (1821).
+
+BOOSHAL'LOCH (_Neil_), cowherd to Ian Eachin M'Ian, chief of the clan
+Quhele.--Sir W. Scott, _The Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BOO'TES (3 _syl_.), Arcas son of Jupiter and Calisto. One day his
+mother, in the semblance of a bear, met him, and Arcas was on the
+point of killing it, when Jupiter, to prevent the murder, converted
+him into a constellation, either _Booetes_ or _Ursa Major_.--Pausanias,
+_Itinerary of Greece_, viii. 4.
+
+  Doth not Orion worthily deserve
+  A higher place ...
+  Than frail Booetes, who was placed above
+  Only because the gods did else foresee
+  He should the murderer of his mother be?
+
+  Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_.
+
+BOOTH, husband of Amelia. Said to be a drawing of the author's own
+character and experiences. He has all the vices of Tom Jones, with an
+additional share of meanness.--Fielding, _Amelia_ (1751).
+
+BORACH'IO, a follower of don John of Aragon. He is a great villain,
+engaged to Margaret, the waiting-woman of Hero.--Shakespeare, _Much
+Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Borach'io_, a drunkard. (Spanish, _borracho_, "drunk;" _borrachuelo_,
+"a tippler.")
+
+  "Why, you stink of wine! D'ye think my
+  niece will ever endure such a borachio? You're
+  an absolute Borachio."--W. Congreve, _The Way
+  of the World_ (1700).
+
+_Borachio (Joseph)_, landlord of the Eagle Hotel, in
+Salamanca.--Jephson, _Two Strings to your Bow_ (1792).
+
+BOR'AK (_Al_), the animal brought by Gabriel to convey Mahomet to the
+seventh heaven. The word means "lightning." Al Borak had the face of
+a man, but the cheeks of a horse; its eyes were like jacinths, but
+brilliant as the stars; it had eagle's wings, glistened all over with
+radiant light, and it spoke with a human voice. This was one of the
+ten animals (not of the race of man) received into paradise.
+
+Borak was a fine-limbed, high-standing horse, strong in frame, and
+with a coat as glossy as marble. His color was saffron, with one hair
+of gold for every three of tawny; his ears were restless and pointed
+like a reed; his eyes large and full of fire; his nostrils wide and
+steaming; he had a white star on his forehead, a neck gracefully
+arched, a mane soft and silky, and a thick tail that swept the
+ground.--_Groquemitaine_. ii. 9.
+
+BORDER MINSTREL (_The_), sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).
+
+  My steps the Border Minstrel led.
+
+W. Wordsworth, _Yarrow Revisited_.
+
+BO'REAS, the north wind. He lived in a cave on mount Haemus, in Thrace.
+
+  Cease, rude Boreas, blustering railer.
+
+G. A. Stephens, _The Shipivreck_.
+
+BOR'GIA _(Lucrezia di)_, duchess of Ferra'ra, wife of don Alfonso. Her
+natural son Genna'ro was brought up by a fisherman in Naples, but
+when he grew to manhood a stranger gave him a paper from his mother,
+announcing to him that he was of noble blood, but concealing his name
+and family. He saved the life of Orsi'ni in the battle of Rin'ini, and
+they became sworn friends. In Venice he was introduced to a party of
+nobles, all of whom had some tale to tell against Lucrezia: Orsini
+told him she had murdered her brother; Vitelli, that she had caused
+his uncle to be slain; Liverotto, that she had poisoned his uncle
+Appia'no; Gazella, that she had caused one of his relatives to be
+drowned in the Tiber. Indignant at these acts of wickedness, Gennaro
+struck off the B from the escutcheon of the duke's palace at Ferrara,
+changing the name Borgia into Orgia. Lucrezia prayed the duke to put
+to death the man who had thus insulted their noble house, and Gennaro
+was condemned to death by poison. Lucrezia, to save him, gave him an
+antidote, and let him out of prison by a secret door. Soon after his
+liberation the princess Negroni, a friend of the Borgias, gave a grand
+supper, to which Gennaro and his companions were invited. At the close
+of the banquet they were all arrested by Lucrezia after having drunk
+poisoned wine. Gennaro was told he was the son of Lucrezia, and
+died. Lucrezia no sooner saw him die than she died also.--Donizetti,
+_Lucrezia di Borgia_ (an opera, 1835).
+
+BOROS'KIE (3 _syl_.), a malicious counsellor of the great-duke of
+Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).
+
+BOR'OUGHCLIFF (_Captain_), a vulgar Yankee, boastful, conceited, and
+slangy. "I guess," "I reckon," "I calculate," are used indifferently
+by him, and he perpetually appeals to sergeant Drill to confirm his
+boastful assertions: as, "I'm a pretty considerable favorite with the
+ladies; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" "My character for valor is pretty
+well known; isn't it, sergeant Drill?" "If you once saw me in battle,
+you'd never forget it; would he, sergeant Drill?" "I'm a sort of a
+kind of a nonentity; arn't I, sergeant Drill?" etc. He is made the
+butt of Long Tom Coffin. Colonel Howard wishes him to marry his niece
+Katharine, but the young lady has given her heart to lieutenant
+Barnstable, who turns out to be the colonel's son, and succeeds at
+last in marrying the lady of his affection.--E. Fitzball, _The Pilot_.
+
+BORRE (1 _syl_.), natural son of king Arthur, and one of the knights
+of the Round Table. His mother was Lyonors, an earl's daughter, who
+came to do homage to the young king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 15 (1470).
+
+[Illustration] Sir Bors de Granis is quite another person, and so is
+king Bors of Gaul.
+
+BORRO'MEO (_Charles_), cardinal and archbishop of Milan. Immortalized
+by his self-devotion in ministering at Mil'an to the plague-stricken
+(1538-1584).
+
+St. Roche, who died 1327, devoted himself in a similar manner to those
+stricken with the plague at Piacenza; and Mompesson to the people of
+Eyam. In 1720-22 H. Francis Xavier de Belsunce was indefatigable in
+ministering to the plague-stricken of Marseilles.
+
+BORS (_King_) of Gaul, brother of king Ban of Benwicke [Brittany?].
+They went to the aid of prince Arthur when he was first established on
+the British throne, and Arthur promised in return to aid them against
+king Claudas, "a mighty man of men," who warred against them.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).
+
+There are two brethren beyond the sea, and they kings both ... the one
+hight king Ban of Benwieke, and the other hight king Bors of Gaul,
+that is, France.--Pt. i. 8.
+
+(Sir Bors was of Ganis, that is, Wales, and was a knight of the Round
+Table. So also was Borre (natural son of prince Arthur), also called
+sir Bors sometimes.)
+
+_Bors_ (_Sir_), called sir Bors de Ganis, brother of sir Lionell and
+nephew of sir Launcelot. "For all women he was a virgin, save for
+one, the daughter of king Brandeg'oris, on whom he had a child, hight
+Elaine; save for her, sir Bors was a clean maid" (ch. iv.). When he
+went to Corbin, and saw Galahad the son of sir Launcelot and Elaine
+(daughter of king Pelles), he prayed that the child might prove as
+good a knight as his father, and instantly a vision of the holy greal
+was vouchsafed him; for--
+
+  There came a white dove, bearing a little censer
+  of gold in her bill ... and a maiden that
+  bear the Sancgreall, and she said, "Wit ye well,
+  sir Bors, that this child ... shall achieve the
+  Sancgreall" ... then they kneeled down ... and
+  there was such a savor as all the spicery in the
+  world had been there. And when the dove took
+  her flight, the maiden vanished away with the
+  Sancgreall.--Pt. iii. 4.
+
+Sir Bors was with sir Galahad and sir
+
+Percival when the consecrated wafer assumed the visible and bodily
+appearance of the Saviour. And this is what is meant by achieving the
+holy greal; for when they partook of the wafer their eyes saw the
+Saviour enter it.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii.
+101, 102 (1470).
+
+N.B.--This sir Bors must not be confounded with sir Borre, a natural
+son of king Arthur and Lyonors (daughter of the earl Sanam, pt. i.
+15), nor yet with king Bors of Gaul, _i.e._, France (pt. i. 8).
+
+BORTELL, the bull, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+BOS'CAN-[ALMOGA'VA], a Spanish poet of Barcelona (1500-1543). His
+poems are generally bound up with those of Garcilasso. They introduced
+the Italian style into Castilian poetry.
+
+  Sometimes he turned to gaze upon his book,
+  Boscan, or Garcilasso.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 95 (1819).
+
+BOSCOSEL, mysterious being, who brings about a reunion on earth of
+friends who have long ago departed for the spirit-world.--Francis
+Howard Williams, _Boscosel_ (1888).
+
+BOSMI'NA, daughter of Fingal king of Morven (north-west coast of
+Scotland).--Ossian.
+
+BOS'N HILL. In _Poems_ by John Albee (1883) we find a legend of a dead
+Bos'n (boatswain) whose whistle calls up the dead on stormy nights
+when
+
+  The wind blows wild on Bos'n Hill,
+  But sailors know when next they sail
+  Beyond the hilltop's view,
+  There's one amongst them shall not fail
+  To join the Bos'n's crew.
+
+BOSSU (_Rene le_), French scholar and critic (1631-1680).
+
+  And for the epic poem your lordship bade
+  me look at, upon taking the length, breadth,
+  height, and depth of it, and trying them at
+  home upon an exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my
+  lord, in every one of its dimensions.--Sterne
+  (1768).
+
+BOSSUT (_Abbe Charles_), a celebrated mathematician (1730-1814).
+
+(Sir Richard Phillips assumed a host of popular names, among others
+that of _M. l'Abbe Bossut_ in several educational works in French.)
+
+BOSTA'NA, one of the two daughters of the old man who entrapped prince
+Assad in order to offer him in sacrifice on "the fiery mountain."
+His other daughter was named Cava'ma. The old man enjoined these two
+daughters to scourge the prince daily with the bastinado and feed him
+with bread and water till the day of sacrifice arrived. After a time,
+the heart of Bostana softened towards her captive, and she released
+him. Whereupon his brother Amgiad, out of gratitude, made her his
+wife, and became in time king of the city in which he was already
+vizier.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
+
+BOSTOCK, a coxcomb, cracked on the point of aristocracy and family
+birth. His one and only inquiry is "How many quarterings has a person
+got?" Descent from the nobility with him covers a multitude of sins,
+and a man is no one, whatever his personal merit, who "is not a sprig
+of the nobility."--James Shirley, _The Ball_ (1642).
+
+BOT'ANY (_Father of English_), W. Turner, M.D. (1520-1568).
+
+J.P. de Tournefort is called _The Father of Botany_ (1656-1708).
+
+[Illustration] Antoine de Jussieu lived 1686-1758, and his brother
+Bernard 1699-1777.
+
+BOTHWELL (_Sergeant_), _alias_ Francis Stewart, in the royal
+army.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Bothwell (Lady)_, sister of lady Forester.
+
+_Sir Geoffrey Bothwell_, the husband of lady Bothwell.
+
+_Mrs. Margaret Bothwell_, in the introduction of the story. Aunt
+Margaret proposed to use Mrs. Margaret's tombstone for her own.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.).
+
+BOTTLED BEER, Alexander Nowell, author of a celebrated Latin catechism
+which first appeared in 1570, under the title of _Christianae pietatis
+prima Institutio, ad usum Scholarum Latine Scripta_. In 1560 he was
+promoted to the deanery of St. Paul's (1507-1602).--Fuller, _Worthies
+of England_ ("Lancashire").
+
+BOTTOM (_Nick_), an Athenian weaver, a compound of profound ignorance
+and unbounded conceit, not without good-nature and a fair dash of
+mother-wit. When the play of _Pyramus and Thisbe_ is cast, Bottom
+covets every part; the lion, Thisbe, Pyramus, all have charms for him.
+In order to punish Titan'ia, the fairy-king made her dote on Bottom,
+on whom Puck had placed an ass's head.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer
+Night's Dream_.
+
+  Bottom. An' I may hide my face; let me play
+  Thisby, too: I'll speak in a monstrous little voice.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Let me play the lion, too; I will roar that I will
+  do any man's heart good to hear me.
+
+  _Midsummer Night's Dream_, i. 2.
+
+BOUBEKIR' MUEZ'IN, of Bag dad, "a vain, proud, and envious iman, who
+hated the rich because he himself was poor." When prince Zeyn Alasnam
+came to the city, he told the people to beware of him, for probably he
+was "some thief who had made himself rich by plunder." The prince's
+attendant called on him, put into his hand a purse of gold, and
+requested the honor of his acquaintance. Next day, after morning
+prayers, the iman said to the people, "I find, my brethren, that the
+stranger who is come to Bag dad is a young prince possessed of a
+thousand virtues, and worthy the love of all men. Let us protect him,
+and rejoice that he has come among us."--_Arabian Nights_ ("Prince
+Zeyn Alasnam").
+
+BOUCHARD (_Sir_), a knight of Flanders, of most honorable descent. He
+married Constance, daughter of Bertulphe provost of Bruges. In 1127
+Charles "the Good," earl of Flanders, made a law that a serf was
+always a serf till manumitted, and whoever married a serf became a
+serf. Now, Bertulphe's father was Thancmar's serf, and Bertulphe, who
+had raised himself to wealth and great honor, was reduced to serfdom
+because his father was not manumitted. By the same law Bouchard,
+although a knight of royal blood became Thancmar's serf because he
+married Constance, the daughter of Bertulphe (provost of Bruges). The
+result of this absurd law was that Bertulphe slew the earl and then
+himself, Constance went mad and died, Bouchard and Thancmar slew each
+other in fight, and all Bruges was thrown into confusion.--S. Knowles,
+_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+BOU'ILLON (_Godfrey duke of_), a crusader (1058-1100), introduced in
+_Count Robert of Paris_, a novel by Sir W. Scott (time, Rufus).
+
+BOUNCE (_Mr. T_.), a nickname given in 1837 to T. Barnes, editor of
+the _Times_ (or the _Turnabout_, as it was called).
+
+BOUND'ERBY (_Josiah_), of Coketown, banker and mill-owner, the "Bully
+of Humility," a big, loud man, with an iron stare and metallic laugh.
+Mr. Bounderby is the son of Mrs. Pegler, an old woman, to whom he pays
+L30 a year to keep out of sight, and in a boasting way he pretends
+that "he was dragged up from the gutter to become a millionaire." Mr.
+Bounderby marries Louisa, daughter of his neighbor and friend, Thomas
+Gradgrind, Esq., M.P.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+BOUNTIFUL (_Lady_), widow of sir Charles Bountiful. Her delight was
+curing the parish sick and relieving the indigent.
+
+  "My lady Bountiful is one of the best of women.
+  Her late husband, sir Charles Bountiful, left her
+  with L1000 a year; and I believe she lays out
+  one-half on't in charitable uses for the good of
+  her neighbors. In short, she has cured more
+  people in and about Lichfield within ten years
+  than the doctors have killed in twenty; and that's
+  a bold word."--George Farquhar, _The Beaux'
+  Stratagem_, i. 1 (1705).
+
+BOUNTY (_Mutiny of the_), in 1790, headed by Fletcher Christian. The
+mutineers finally settled in Pitcairn Island (Polynesian Archipelago).
+In 1808 all the mutineers were dead except one (Alexander Smith), who
+had changed his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch
+of the colony, which was taken under the protection of the British
+Government in 1839. Lord Byron, in _The Island_, has made the "mutiny
+of the _Bounty_" the basis of his tale, but the facts are greatly
+distorted.
+
+BOUS'TRAPA, a nickname given to Napoleon III. It is compounded of the
+first syllables of _Bou_ [logne], _Stra_ [sbourg], _Pa_[ris], and
+alludes to his escapades in 1836, 1840, 1851 (_coup d'etat_).
+
+No man ever lived who was distinguished by more nicknames than Louis
+Napoleon. Besides the one above mentioned, he was called _Badinguet,
+Man of December, Man of Sedan, Ratipol, Verhuel_, etc.; and after his
+escape from the fortress of Ham he went by the pseudonym of _count
+Arenenberg_.
+
+BOWER OF BLISS, a garden belonging to the enchantress Armi'da. It
+abounded in everything that could contribute to earthly pleasure.
+Here Rinal'do spent some time in love-passages with Armi'da, but he
+ultimately broke from the enchantress and rejoined the war.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+_Bower of Bliss_, the residence of the witch Acras'ia, a beautiful and
+most fascinating woman. This lovely garden was situated on a floating
+island filled with everything which could conduce to enchant the
+senses, and "wrap the spirit in forgetfulness."--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, ii. 12 (1590).
+
+BOWKIT, in _The Son-in-Law._
+
+In the scene where Cranky declines to accept Bowkit as son-in-law on
+account of his ugliness, John Edwin, who was playing "Bowkit" at the
+Haymarket, uttered in a tone of surprise, "_Ugly?_" and then advancing
+to the lamps, said with infinite impertinence, "I submit to the
+decision of the British public which is the ugliest fellow of us
+three: I, old Cranky, or that gentleman there in the front row of the
+balcony box?"--_Cornhill Magazine_ (1867).
+
+BOWLEY (_Sir Joseph_), M.P., who facetiously calls himself "the poor
+man's friend." His secretary is Fish.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_
+(1844).
+
+BOWLING (_Lieutenant Tom_), an admirable naval character in Smollett's
+_Roderick Random._ Dibdin wrote a naval song _in memoriam_ of Tom
+Bowling, beginning thus:
+
+  Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling,
+  The darling of the crew ...
+
+BOWYER (_Master_), usher of the black rod in the court of queen
+Elizabeth.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BOWZYBE'US (4 _syl._), the drunkard, rioted for his songs in Gray's
+pastorals, called _The Shepherd's Week_. He sang of "Nature's Laws,"
+of "Fairs and Shows," "The Children in the Wood," "Chevy Chase,"
+"Taffey Welsh," "Rosamond's Bower," "Lilly-bullero," etc. The 6th
+pastoral is in imitation of Virgil's 6th _Ecl_., and Bowzybeus is a
+vulgarized Silenus.
+
+  That Bowzybeus, who with jocund tongue,
+  Ballads, and roundelays, and catches sung.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, vi. (1714).
+
+BOX AND COX, a dramatic romance, by J. M. Morton, the principal
+characters of which are Box and Cox.
+
+BOY BACHELOR _(The)_, William Wotton, D.D., admitted at St.
+Catherine's Hall, Cambridge, before he was ten, and to his degree of
+B.A. when he was twelve and a half (1666-1726).
+
+BOY BISHOP _(The)_, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of boys (fourth
+century).
+
+(There was also an ancient custom of choosing a boy from the cathedral
+choir on St. Nicholas' Day (December 6) as a mock bishop. This boy
+possessed certain privileges, and if he died during the year was
+buried _in pontificalibus_. The custom was abolished by Henry VIII. In
+Salisbury Cathedral visitors are shown a small sarcophagus, which the
+verger says was made for a boy bishop.)
+
+BOY BLUE _(Little)_ is the subject of a poem in Eugene Field's _Little
+Book of Western Verse_.
+
+  The little toy-dog is covered with dust,
+  But sturdy and staunch he stands;
+  And the little toy-soldier is red with rust,
+  And his musket moulds in his hands.
+  Time was when the little toy-dog was new,
+  And the soldier was passing fair,
+  And that was the time when our Little Boy Blue
+  Kissed them and put them there.
+
+  Ay, faithful to Little Boy Blue they stand,
+  Each in the same old place,
+  Awaiting the touch of a little hand,
+  The smile of a little face. (1889.)
+
+BOY CRUCIFIED. It is said that some time during the dark ages, a boy
+named Werner was impiously crucified at Bacharach, on the Rhine, by
+the Jews. A little chapel erected to the memory of this boy stands on
+the walls of the town, close to the river. Hugh of Lincoln and William
+of Norwich are instances of a similar story.
+
+  See how its currents gleam and shine ...
+  As if the grapes were stained with the blood
+  Of the innocent boy who, some years back,
+  Was taken and crucified by the Jews
+  In that ancient town of Bacharach.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+BOYET', one of the lords attending on the princess of
+France.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labor's Lost_ (1594).
+
+BOYTHORN (_Laurence_), a robust gentleman with the voice of a
+Stentor; a friend of Mr. Jarndyce. He would utter the most ferocious
+sentiments, while at the same time he fondled a pet canary on his
+finger. Once on a time he had been in love with Miss Barbary, lady
+Dedlock's sister. But "the good old times--all times when old are
+good--were gone."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+("Laurence Boythorn" is a caricature of W. S. Landor; as "Harold
+Skimpole," in the same story, is drawn from Leigh Hunt.)
+
+BOZ, Charles Dickens. It was the nickname of a pet brother dubbed
+_Moses_, in honor of "Moses Primrose" in the _Vicar of Wakefield_.
+Children called the name _Bozes_, which got shortened into _Boz_
+(1812-1870).
+
+BOZZY, James Boswell, the gossipy biographer of Dr. Johnson
+(1740-1795).
+
+BRABAN'TIO, a senator of Venice, father of Desdemo'na; most proud,
+arrogant, and overbearing. He thought the "insolence" of Othello in
+marrying his daughter unpardonable, and that Desdemona must have
+been drugged with love-potions so to demean herself.--Shakespeare,
+_Othello_ (1611).
+
+BRAC'CIO, commissary of the republic of Florence, employed in picking
+up every item of scandal he could find against Lu'ria the noble Moor,
+who commanded the army of Florence against the Pisans. The Florentines
+hoped to find sufficient cause of blame to lessen or wholly cancel
+their obligations to the Moor, but even Braccio was obliged to
+confess. This Moor hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so
+clear in his great office, that his virtues would plead like angels,
+trumpet-tongued, against the council which should censure him.--Robert
+Browning, _Luria_.
+
+BRAC'IDAS AND AM'IDAS, the two sons of Mile'sio, the former in love
+with the wealthy Philtra, and the latter with the dowerless Lucy.
+Their father at death left each of his sons an island of equal size
+and value, but the sea daily encroached on that of the elder brother
+and added to the island of Amidas. The rich Philtra now forsook
+Bracidas for the richer brother, and Lucy, seeing herself forsaken,
+jumped into the sea. A floating chest attracted her attention, she
+clung to it, and was drifted to the wasted island, where Bracidas
+received her kindly. The chest was found to contain property of great
+value, and Lucy gave it to Bracidas, together with herself, "the
+better of them both." Amidas and Philtra claimed the chest as their
+right, and the dispute was submitted to sir Ar'tegal. Sir Artegal
+decided that whereas Amidas claimed as his own all the additions which
+the sea had given to his island, so Lucy might claim as her own the
+chest which the sea had given into her hands.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_,
+v. 4 (1596).
+
+BRAEKENBURY _(Lord)_, English peer of nomadic tastes. He disappears
+from his world, leaving the impression that he has been murdered, that
+he may live unhampered by class-obligations.--Amelia B. Edwards, _Lord
+Brackenbury_.
+
+Bracy _(Sir Maurice de_), a follower of prince John. He sues the lady
+Rowen'a to become his bride, and threatens to kill both Cedric and
+Ivanhoe if she refuses. The interview is interrupted, and at the close
+of the novel Rowena marries Ivanhoe.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+BRAD'AMANT, daughter of Amon and Beatrice, sister of Rinaldo, and
+niece of Charlemagne. She was called the _Virgin Knight._ Her armor
+was white, and her plume white. She loved Roge'ro the Moor, but
+refused to marry him till he was baptized. Her marriage with great
+pomp and Rogero's victory over Rodomont form the subject of the last
+book of _Orlando Furioso_. Bradamant possessed an irresistible spear,
+which unhorsed any knight with a touch. Britomart had a similar
+spear.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BRAD'BOURNE (_Mistress Lilias_), waiting-woman of lady Avenel
+(2 _syl_.), at Avenel Castle.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+BRADWARDINE (_Como Cosmyne_), baron of Bradwardine and of Tully
+Veolan. He is very pedantic, but brave and gallant.
+
+_Rose Bradwardine_, his daughter, the heroine of the novel, which
+concludes with her marriage with Waverley, and the restoration of the
+manor-house of Tully Veolan.
+
+_Malcolm Bradwardine_ of Inchgrabbit, a relation of the old
+baron.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BRADY (_Martha_), a young "Irish widow" twenty-three years of age,
+and in love with William Whittle. She was the daughter of sir Patrick
+O'Neale. Old Thomas Whittle, the uncle, a man of sixty-three, wanted
+to oust his nephew in her affections, for he thought her "so modest,
+so mild, so tenderhearted, so reserved, so domestic. Her voice was so
+sweet, with just a _soupcon_ of the brogue to make it enchanting." In
+order to break off this detestable passion of the old man, the widow
+assumed the airs and manners of a boisterous, loud, flaunting,
+extravagant, low Irishwoman, deeply in debt, and abandoned to
+pleasure. Old Whittle, thoroughly frightened, induced his nephew to
+take the widow off his hands, and gave him L5000 as a _douceur_ for so
+doing.--Garrick, _The Irish Widow_ (1757).
+
+BRAG (_Jack_), a vulgar boaster, who gets into good society, where his
+vulgarity stands out in strong relief.--Theodore Hook, _Jack Brag_ (a
+novel).
+
+_Brag_ (_Sir Jack_), general John Burgoyne (died 1792).
+
+BRAGANZA (_Juan duke of_). In 1580 Philip II. of Spain claimed the
+crown of Portugal, and governed it by a regent. In 1640 Margaret was
+regent, and Velasquez her chief minister, a man exceedingly obnoxious
+to the Portuguese. Don Juan and his wife Louisa of Braganza being
+very popular, a conspiracy was formed to shake off the Spanish yoke.
+Velasquez was torn to death by the populace, and don Juan of Braganza
+was proclaimed king.
+
+_Louisa duchess of Braganza_. Her character is thus described:
+
+
+Bright Louisa, To all the softness of her tender sex, Unites the
+noblest qualities of man: A genius to embrace the amplest schemes...
+Judgment most sound, persuasive eloquence... Pure piety without
+religious dross, And fortitude that shrinks at no disaster. Robert
+Jephson, _Braganza_, i. 1 (1775).
+
+Mrs. Bellamy took her leave of the stage May 24, 1785. On this
+occasion Mrs. Yates sustained the part of the "duchess of Braganza,"
+and Miss Farren spoke the address.--F. Reynolds.
+
+
+BRAGELA, daughter of Sorglan, and wife of Cuthullin (general of the
+Irish army and regent during the minority of king Cormac).--Ossian,
+_Fingal_.
+
+BRAGGADOCIO, personification of the intemperance of the tongue. For a
+time his boasting serves him with some profit, but being found out,
+he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. His _shield_ is claimed by
+Marinel; his _horse_ by Guyon; Talus shaves off his beard; and his
+lady is shown to be a sham Florimel.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. 8
+and 10, with v. 3.
+
+It is thought that Philip of Spain was the academy figure of
+"Braggadocio."
+
+_Braggadocio's Sword_, Sanglamore (_3 syl_).
+
+BRAGMARDO (_Janotus de_), the sophister sent by the Parisians to
+Gargantua, to remonstrate with him for carrying off the bells
+of Notre-Dame to suspend round the neck of his mare for
+jingles.--Rabelais, _Gargantua and Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+BRAHMIN CASTE OF NEW ENGLAND, term used by Oliver Wendell Holmes in
+_Elsie Venner_ to describe an intellectual aristocracy: "Our scholars
+come chiefly from a privileged order just as our best fruits come from
+well-known grafts."--_Elsie Venner_ (1863).
+
+BRAIN'WORM, the servant of Knowell, a man of infinite shifts, and a
+regular Proteus in his metamorphoses. He appears first as Brainworm;
+after as Fitz-Sword; then as a reformed soldier whom Knowell takes
+into his service; then as justice Clement's man; and lastly as valet
+to the courts of law, by which devices he plays upon the same clique
+of some half-dozen men of average intelligence.--Ben Jonson, _Every
+Man in His Humour_ (1598).
+
+BRAKEL (_Adrian_), the gipsy mountebank, formerly master of Fenella,
+the deaf and dumb girl.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BRAMBLE (_Matthew_), an "odd kind of humorist," "always on the fret,"
+dyspeptic, and afflicted with gout, but benevolent, generous, and
+kind-hearted.
+
+_Miss Tabitha Bramble_, an old maiden sister of Matthew Bramble, of
+some forty-five years of age, noted for her bad spelling. She is
+starched, vain, prim, and ridiculous; soured in temper, proud,
+imperious, prying, mean, malicious, and uncharitable. She contrives at
+last to marry captain Lismaha'go, who is content to take "the maiden"
+for the sake of her L4000.
+
+_Bramble (Sir Robert_), a baronet living at Blackberry Hall, Kent.
+Blunt and testy, but kind-hearted; "charitable as a Christian, and
+rich as a Jew;" fond of argument and contradiction, but detesting
+flattery; very proud, but most considerate to his poorer neighbors. In
+his first interview with lieutenant Worthington, "the poor gentleman,"
+the lieutenant mistook him for a bailiff come to arrest him, but sir
+Roflert nobly paid the bill for L500 when it was presented to him for
+signature as sheriff of the county.
+
+_Frederick Bramble_, nephew of sir Robert, and son of Joseph Bramble,
+a Russian merchant. His father having failed in business, Frederick is
+adopted by his rich uncle. He is full of life and noble instincts,
+but thoughtless and impulsive. Frederick falls in love with Emily
+Worthington, whom he marries.--G. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+BRAMINE (_2 syl._) AND BRAMIN (_The_), Mrs. Elizabeth Draper and
+Laurence Sterne. Sterne being a clergyman, and Mrs. Draper having been
+born in India, suggested the names. Ten of Sterne's letters to Mrs.
+Draper are published, and called _Letters to Eliza_.
+
+BRAN, the dog of Lamderg the lover of Gelchossa (daughter of
+Tuathal).--Ossian, _Fingal_, v.
+
+[Illustration] Fingal king of Morven had a dog of the same name, and
+another named Luaeth.
+
+  Call White-breasted Bran and the surly
+  strength of Luaeth.--Ossian, _Fingal_, vi.
+
+BRAND (_Ethan_), an ex-lime burner in Nathaniel Hawthorne's story of
+the same name, who, fancying he has committed the Unpardonable Sin,
+commits suicide by leaping into the burning kiln.
+
+_Brand_ (_Sir Denys_), a county magnate, who apes humility. He rides a
+sorry brown nag "not worth L5," but mounts his groom on a race-horse
+"twice victor for a plate."
+
+BRANDAMOND of Damascus, whom sir Bevis of Southampton defeated.
+
+That dreadful battle where with Brandamond he fought. And with his
+sword and steed such earthly wonders wrought As e'en among his foes
+him admiration won. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+BRAN'DAN (_Island of St_.) or ISLAND of SAN BORANDAN, a flying island,
+so late as 1755 set down in geographical charts west of the Canary
+group. In 1721 an expedition was sent by Spain in quest thereof.
+The Spaniards say their king Rodri'go has retreated there, and the
+Portuguese affirm that it is the retreat of their don Sebastian. It
+was called St. Brandan from a navigator of the sixth century, who went
+in search of the "Islands of Paradise."
+
+Its reality was for a long time a matter of firm belief ... the garden
+of Armi'da, where Rinaldo was detained, and which Tasso places in
+one of the Canary Isles, has been identified with San Borandan.--W.
+Irving.
+
+(If there is any truth at all in the legend, the island must be
+ascribed to the Fata Morgana.)
+
+BRAN'DEUM, plu. _Brandea_, a piece of cloth enclosed in a box with
+relics, which thus acquired the same miraculous powers as the relics
+themselves.
+
+Pope Leo proved this fact beyond a doubt, for when some Greeks
+ventured to question it, he cut a brandeum through with a pair of
+scissors, and it was instantly covered with blood.--J. Brady, _Clavis
+Calendaria_, 182.
+
+BRAN'DIMART, brother-in-law of Orlando, son of Monodantes, and husband
+of For'delis. This "king of the Distant Islands" was one of
+the bravest knights in Charlemagne's army, and was slain by
+Gradasso.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorata_ (1495); Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+BRAND, a term often applied to the sword in medaeval romances.
+
+  Thou therefore take my brand Excalibur,
+  Which was my pride--
+  Tennyson, _The Morte d'Arthur._
+
+BRANGTONS (_The_), vulgar, jealous, malicious gossips in _Evelina_, a
+novel by Miss Burney (1778).
+
+BRANNO, an Irishman, father of Evirallin. Evirallin was the wife of
+Ossian and mother of Oscar.--Ossian.
+
+BRASS, the roguish confederate of Dick Amlet, and acting as his
+servant.
+
+  "I am your valet, 'tis true; your footman
+  sometimes ... but you have always had the
+  ascendant, I confess. When we were school-fellows,
+  you made me carry your books, make your
+  exercise, own your rogueries, and sometimes take
+  a whipping for you. When we were fellow-'prentices,
+  though I was your senior, you made
+  me open the shop, clean my master's boots, cut
+  last at dinner, and eat all the crusts. In your
+  sins, too, I must own you still kept me under;
+  you soared up to the mistress, while I was content
+  with the maid."--Sir John Yanbrugh, _The Confederacy_,
+  iii. 1 (1695).
+
+_Brass (Sampson)_, a knavish, servile attorney, affecting great
+sympathy with his clients, but in reality fleecing them without mercy.
+
+_Sally Brass_, Sampson's sister, and an exaggerated edition of her
+brother.--C. Dickens, _Old Curiosity Shop_ (1840).
+
+BRAVE (_The_), Alfonzo IV. of Portugal (1290-1357).
+
+_The Brave Fleming_, John Andrew van der Mersch (1734-1792).
+
+_The Bravest of the Brave_, Marshal Ney, _Le Brave des Braves_
+(1769-1815).
+
+BRAY (_Mr._), a selfish, miserly old man, who dies suddenly of
+heart-disease, just in time to save his daughter from being sacrificed
+to Arthur Gride, a rich old miser.
+
+_Madeline Bray_, daughter of Mr. Bray, a loving, domestic, beautiful
+girl, who marries Nicholas Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_
+(1838).
+
+_Bray (Vicar of)_, supposed by some to be Simon Aleyn, who lived
+(says Fuller) "in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary, and
+Elizabeth. In the first two reigns he was a _protestant_, in Mary's
+reign a _catholic_, and in Elizabeth's a _protestant_ again." No
+matter who was king, Simon Aleyn resolved to live and die "the vicar
+of Bray" (1540-1588).
+
+Others think the vicar was Simon Symonds, who (according to Ray) was
+an _independent_ in the protectorate, a _high churchman_ in the reign
+of Charles II., a _papist_ under James II., and a _moderate churchman_
+in the reign of William III.
+
+Others again give the cap to one Pendleton.
+
+[Illustration] The well-known song was written by an officer in
+colonel Fuller's regiment, in the reign of George I., and seems to
+refer to some clergyman of no very distant date.
+
+BRAYMORE (_Lady Caroline_), daughter of lord Fitz-Balaam. She was to
+have married Frank Rochdale, but hearing that her "intended" loved
+Mary Thornberry, she married the Hon. Tom Shuffleton.--G. Colman,
+jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BRAZEN (_Captain_), a kind of Bobadil. A boastful, tongue-doughty
+warrior, who pretends to know everybody; to have a liaison with every
+wealthy, pretty, or distinguished woman; and to have achieved in war
+the most amazing prodigies.
+
+BRAZEN HEAD. The first on record is one which Sylvester II.
+(_Gerbert_) possessed. It told him he would be pope, and not die till
+he had sung mass at Jerusalem. When pope he was stricken with his
+death-sickness while performing mass in a church called Jerusalem
+(999-1003).
+
+The next we hear of was made by Rob. Grosseteste (1175-1253).
+
+The third was the famous brazen head of Albertus Magnus, which cost
+him thirty years' labor, and was broken to pieces by his disciple
+Thomas Aquinas (1193-1280).
+
+The fourth was that of friar Bacon, which used to say, "Time is, time
+was, time comes." Byron refers to it in the lines:
+
+  Like friar Bacon's brazen head, I've spoken,
+  "Time is, time was, time's past [?]"
+  _Don Juan_, i. 217 (1819).
+
+Another was made by the marquis of Vilena of Spain (1384-1434). And a
+sixth by a Polander, a disciple of Escotillo an Italian.
+
+_Brazen Head_ (_The_), a gigantic head kept in the castle of the giant
+Ferragus of Portugal. It was omniscient, and told those who
+consulted it whatever they desired to know, past, present, or
+future.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+BREAKFAST TABLE (_Autocrat of_). See AUTOCRAT.
+
+BREAKING A STICK is part of the marriage ceremony of the American
+Indians, as breaking a glass is still part of the marriage ceremony
+of the Jews.--Lady Augusta Hamilton, _Marriage Rites, etc._, pp. 292,
+298.
+
+In one of Raphael's pictures we see an unsuccessful suitor of the
+Virgin Mary breaking his stick, and this alludes to the legend that
+the several suitors of the "virgin" were each to bring an almond stick
+which was to be laid up in the sanctuary over night, and the owner of
+the stick which budded was to be accounted the suitor God ordained,
+and thus Joseph became her husband.--B.H. Cowper, _Apocryphal Gospel_
+("Pseudo-Matthew's Gospel," 40, 41).
+
+In Florence is a picture in which the rejected suitors break their
+sticks on the back of Joseph.
+
+BRECAN, a mythical king of Wales. He had twenty-four daughters by one
+wife. These daughters, for their beauty and purity, were changed into
+rivers, all of which flow into the Severn. Brecknockshire, according
+to fable, is called after this king. (See next art.)
+
+  Brecan was a prince once fortunate and great
+  (Who dying lent his name to that his noble seat),
+  With twice twelve daughters blest, by one and only wife.
+  They, for their beauties rare and sanctity of life,
+  To rivers were transformed; whose pureness doth declare
+  How excellent they were by being what they are ...
+  ..._[they]_ to Severn shape their course.
+  M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
+
+BREC'HAN (_Prince_), father of St. Cadock and St. Canock, the former a
+martyr and the latter a confessor.
+
+BRECK (_Alison_), an old fishwife, friend of the Mucklebackits.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time, Greorge III.).
+
+_Breck (Angus)_, a follower of Rob Roy M'Gregor, the outlaw.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, Greorge I.).
+
+BREITMAN (_Hans_), the giver of the entertainment celebrated in
+Charles Godfrey Leland's dialect verses, _Hans Breitman gave a Party_.
+A favorite with parlor and platform "readers." (1871.)
+
+BRENDA [TROIL], daughter of Magnus Troil and sister of Minna.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+BRENGWAIN, the confidante of Isolde (_2 syl._) wife of sir Mark
+king of Cornwall. Isolde was criminally attached to her nephew sir
+Tristram, and Brengwain assisted the queen in her intrigues.
+
+_Brengwain_, wife of Gwenwyn prince of Powys-land.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+BRENNETT (_Maurice_), a man whom "life had always cast for the leading
+business" and who "bears himself in a manner befitting the title
+role." In pursuance of this destiny he becomes a mining speculator,
+betrays his confiding partner and everybody else who will trust, and
+when success seems within his grasp is thwarted by the discovery of
+a man he had supposed to be dead. The woman he would have married to
+secure her fortune, around which he had woven the fine web of his
+schemes, breaks out impetuously:
+
+"If you will prove his complicity ... I will pursue him to the ends of
+the earth."
+
+At that moment through the window she sees the head-light of the train
+that is bearing Maurice Brennett away into the darkness. The thorough
+search made for him afterward is futile.--Charles Egbert Craddock,
+_Where the Battle was Fought_ (1885).
+
+BRENTANO (_A_), one of inconceivable folly. The Brentanos, Clemens
+and his sister Bettina, are remarkable in German literary annals for
+the wild and extravagant character of their genius. Bettina's work,
+_Goethe's Correspondence with a Child_ (1835), is a pure fabrication of
+her own.
+
+  At the point where the folly of others ceases,
+  that of the Brentanos begins.--_German Proverb_.
+
+BRENTFORD (_The two kings of_). In the duke of Buckingham's farce
+called _The Rehearsal_ (1671), the two kings of Brentford enter
+hand-in-hand, dance together, sing together, walk arm-in-arm, and to
+heighten the absurdity the actors represent them as smelling at the
+same nosegay (act ii. 2).
+
+BRETWALDA, the over-king of the Saxon rulers, established in England
+during the heptarchy. In Germany the over-king was called emperor. The
+bretwalda had no power in the civil affairs of the under-kings, but in
+times of war or danger formed an important centre.
+
+BREWER OF GHENT (_The_), James van Artevelde, a great patriot. His son
+Philip fell in the battle of Rosbecq (fourteenth century).
+
+BREWSTER (_William_). _The Life and Death of William Brewster_, elder
+in the first church planted in Massachusetts, was written by his
+colleague William Bradford (1630-1650). After a feeling eulogy upon
+his departed friend, he remarks, parenthetically: "He always thought
+it were better for ministers to pray oftener and divide their prayers,
+than be long and tedious in the same (except upon solemn and special
+occasions, as in days of humiliation and the like). His reason was
+that the hearts and spirits of all, especially the weak, continue and
+stand bent (as it were) so long towards God as they ought to do in
+that duty without flagging and falling off." This is a remarkable
+deliverance for a day when two-hour prayers were the rule, and from
+a man who, his biographer tells us, "had a singular good gift in
+prayer."
+
+BRIANA, the lady of a castle who demanded for toll "the locks of
+every lady and the beard of every knight that passed." This toll was
+established because sir Crudor, with whom she was in love, refused
+to marry her till she had provided him with human hair sufficient to
+"purfle a mantle" with. Sir Crudor, having been overthrown in knightly
+combat by sir Calidore, who refused to pay "the toll demanded," is
+made to release Briana from the condition imposed on her, and Briana
+swears to discontinue the discourteous toll.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_,
+vi. 1 (1596).
+
+BRIANOR (_Sir_), a knight overthrown by the "Salvage Knight," whose
+name was sir Artegal.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).
+
+BRIAREOS (_4 syl._), usually called Briareus [_Bri.a.ruce_], the
+giant with a hundred hands. Hence Dryden says, "And Briareus, with
+all his hundred hands" (_Virgil_, vi.); but Milton writes the name
+Briareos (_Paradise Lost_, i. 199).
+
+  Then, called by thee, the monster Titan came,
+  Whom gods Briareos, men AEgeon name.
+  Pope, _Iliad_, i.
+
+BRIAREUS (_Bold_), Handel (1685-1757).
+
+BRIAREUS OF LANGUAGES, cardinal Mezzofanti, who was familiar with
+fifty-eight different languages. Byron calls him "a walking polyglot"
+(1774-1849).
+
+BRIBOCI, inhabitants of Berkshire and the adjacent counties.--Caesar,
+_Commentaries_.
+
+BRICK (_Jefferson_), a very weak pale young man, the war correspondent
+of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, of which colonel Diver was
+editor.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BRIDE OF ABYDOS (_The_), Zuleika (_3 syl._), daughter of Giaffer (_2
+syl._), pacha of Abydos. She is the troth-plight bride of Selim; but
+Giaffer shoots the lover, and Zuleika dies of a broken heart.--Byron,
+_Bride of Abydos_ (1813).
+
+BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR, Lucy Ashton, in love with Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, but compelled to marry Frank Hayston, laird of Bucklaw.
+She tries to murder him on the bridal night, and dies insane the day
+following.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William
+III.).
+
+[Illustration] _The Bride of Lammermoor_ is one of the most finished
+of Scott's novels, presenting a unity of plot and action from
+beginning to end. The old butler, Caleb Balderston, is exaggerated and
+far too prominent, but he serves as a foil to the tragic scenes.
+
+  In _The Bride of Lammermoor_ we see embodied
+  the dark spirit of fatalism--that spirit which
+  breathes on the writings of the Greek tragedians
+  when they traced the persecuting vengeance of
+  destiny against the houses of Laius and Atreus.
+  From the time that we hear the prophetic rhymes
+  the spell begins, and the clouds blacken round us,
+  till they close the tale in a night of horror.--Ed.
+  Rev.
+
+BRIDE OF THE SEA, Venice, so called from the ancient ceremony of the
+doge marrying the city to the Adriatic by throwing a ring into it,
+pronouncing these words, "We wed thee, O sea, in token of perpetual
+domination."
+
+BRIDGE. The imaginary bridge between earth and the Mohammedan paradise
+is called "Al Sirat."
+
+The rainbow bridge which spans heaven and earth in Scandinavian
+mythology is called "Bifrost."
+
+BRIDGE OF GOLD. According to German tradition, Charlemagne's spirit
+crosses the Rhine on a golden bridge, at Bingen, in reasons of plenty,
+and blesses both cornfields and vineyards.
+
+  Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,
+  Upon thy bridge of gold.
+  Longfellow, _Autumn_.
+
+BRIDGE OF SIGHS, the covered passageway which connects the palace
+of the doge in Venice with the State prisons. Called "the Bridge of
+Sighs," because the condemned passed over it from the judgment hall to
+the place of execution. Hood has a poem called _The Bridge of Sighs_.
+
+BRIDGEMORE (_Mr._), of Fish Street Hill, London. A dishonest merchant,
+wealthy, vulgar, and purse-proud. He is invited to a _soiree_ given by
+lord Abberville, "and counts the servants, gapes at the lustres, and
+never enters the drawing-room at all, but stays below, chatting with
+the travelling tutor."
+
+_Mrs. Bridgemore_, wife of Mr. Bridgemore, equally vulgar, but with
+more pretension to gentility.
+
+_Miss Lucinda Bridgemore_, the spiteful, purse-proud, malicious
+daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bridgemore, of Fish Street Hill. She was
+engaged to lord Abberville, but her money would not out-balance her
+vulgarity and ill-temper, so the young "fashionable lover" made his
+bow and retired.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+BRIDGENORTH (_Major Ralph_), a roundhead and conspirator, neighbor of
+sir Geoffrey Peveril of the Peak, a staunch cavalier.
+
+_Mrs. Bridgenorth_, the major's wife.
+
+_Alice Bridgenorth_, the major's daughter and heroine of the
+novel. Her marriage with Julian Peveril, a cavalier, concludes the
+novel.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BRIDGET (_Miss_), the mother of Tom Jones, in Fielding's novel called
+_The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling_ (1750).
+
+  It has been wondered why Fielding should
+  have chosen to leave the stain of illegitimacy on
+  the birth of his hero ... but had Miss Bridget
+  been privately married ... there could have
+  been no adequate motive assigned for keeping the
+  birth of the child a secret from a man so reasonable
+  and compassionate as Allworthy.--_Encyc.
+  Brit._ Art. "Fielding."
+
+_Bridget (Mrs.)_, in Sterne's novel called _The Life and Opinions of
+Tristram Shandy, Gent._ (1759).
+
+_Bridget (Mother)_, aunt of Catherine Seyton, and abbess of St.
+Catherine.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bridget (May)_, the milkwoman at Falkland Castle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+BRIDGEWARD (_Peter_), the bridgekeeper of Kennaquhair ("I know not
+where").--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Bridgeward (Peter)_, warder of the bridge near St. Mary's Convent. He
+refuses a passage to father Philip, who is carrying off the Bible of
+lady Alice.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BRIDLE. John Grower says that Rosiphele princess of Armenia,
+insensible to love, saw in a vision a troop of ladies splendidly
+mounted, but one of them rode a wretched steed, wretchedly accoutred
+except as to the bridle. On asking the reason, the princess was
+informed that she was disgraced thus because of her cruelty to her
+lovers, but that the splendid bridle had been recently given, because
+the obdurate girl had for the last month shown symptoms of true love.
+Moral--Hence let ladies warning take--
+
+  Of love that they be not idle,
+  And bid them think of my bridle.
+  _Confessio Amantis_ ("Episode of Rosiphele,"
+  1325-1402).
+
+BRIDLEGOOSE _(Judge)_, a judge who decided the causes brought before
+him, not by weighing the merits of the case, but by the more simple
+process of throwing dice. Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, iii. 39 (1545.)
+
+BRIDLESLY (_Joe_), a horse-dealer at Liverpool, of whom Julian
+Peveril buys a horse.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II.).
+
+BRIDOISON _[Bree.dwoy.zong]_, a stupid judge in the _Mariage de
+Figaro_, a comedy in French, by Beaumarchais (1784).
+
+BRIDOON (_Corporal_), in lieutenant Nosebag's regiment.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BRIENNIUS (_Nicephorus_), the Caesar of the Grecian empire, and
+husband of Anna Comnena (daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor of
+Greece).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+BRIGADORE (4 _syl._), sir Guyon's horse. The word means "Golden
+saddle."--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 3 (1596).
+
+BRIGANTES (3 _syl._), called by Drayton _Brigants_, the people of
+Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and Durham.
+
+  Where in the Britons' rule of yore the Brigants swayed,
+  The powerful English established ... Northumberland [_Northumbria_].
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+BRIGGS, one of the ten young gentlemen in the school of Dr. Blimber
+when Paul Dombey was a pupil there. Briggs was nicknamed the "Stoney,"
+because his brains were petrified by the constant dropping of wisdom
+upon them.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BRIGLIADORO [_Bril.ye.dor.ro_], Orlando's steed. The word means
+"Gold bridle."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+Sir Guyon's horse, in Spenser's _Faery Queen_, is called by a similar
+name.
+
+BRILLIANT _(Sir Philip)_, a great fop, but brave soldier, like the
+famous Murat. He would dress with all the finery of a vain girl, but
+would share watching, toil, and peril with the meanest soldier. "A
+butterfly in the drawing-room, but a Hector on the battle-field."
+He was a "blade of proof; you might laugh at the scabbard, but you
+wouldn't at the blade." He falls in love with lady Anne, reforms his
+vanities, and marries.--S. Knowles, _Old Maids_ (1841).
+
+BRILLIANT MADMAN _(The)_, Charles XII. of Sweden (1682, 1697-1718).
+
+BRILLIANTA _(The lady)_, a great wit in the ancient romance entitled
+_Tirante le Blanc_, author unknown.
+
+Here (in _Tirante le Blanc_) we shall find the famous knight don Kyrie
+Elyson of Montalban, his brother Thomas, the knight Fonseca ... the
+stratagems of the widow Tranquil ... and the witticisms of
+lady Brillianta. This is one of the most amusing books ever
+written.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. 6 (1605).
+
+BRIS _(Il conte di San)_, governor of the Louvre. He is father of
+Valenti'na and leader of the St. Bartholomew massacre.--Meyerbeer,
+_Les Huguenots_ (1836).
+
+BRISAC' _(Justice)_, brother of Miramont.
+
+_Charles Brisac_, a scholar, son of justice Brisac.
+
+_Eustace Brisac_, a courtier, brother of Charles.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Elder Brother_ (1637).
+
+BRISE'IS _(3 syl.)_, whose real name was Hippodami'a, was the daughter
+of Brises, brother of the priest Chryses. She was the concubine of
+Achilles, but when Achilles bullied Agamemnon for not giving Chryse'is
+to her father, who offered a ransom for her, Agamemnon turned upon
+him and said he would let Chryseis go, but should take Briseis
+instead.--Homer, _Iliad_, i.
+
+BRISK, a good-natured conceited coxcomb, with a most voluble tongue.
+Fond of saying "good things," and pointing them out with such
+expressions as "There I had you, eh?" "That was pretty well, egad,
+eh?" "I hit you in the teeth there, egad!" His ordinary oath was "Let
+me perish!" He makes love to lady Froth.--W. Congreve, _The Double
+Dealer_ (1694).
+
+BRIS'KIE (2 _syl_.), disguised under the name of Putskie. A captain in
+the Moscovite army, and brother of general Archas "the loyal subject"
+of the great-duke of Moscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal
+Subject_ (1618).
+
+BRIS'SOTIN, one of the followers of Jean Pierre Brissot, an advanced
+revolutionist. The Brissotins were subsequently merged in the
+Girondists, and the word dropped out of use.
+
+BRISTOL BOY (_The_), Thomas Chatterton, the poet, born at Bristol.
+Also called "The Marvellous Boy." Byron calls him "The wondrous boy
+who perished in his pride" (1752-1770).
+
+BRITAN'NIA. The Romans represented the island of Great Britain by
+the figure of a woman seated on a rock, from a fanciful resemblance
+thereto in the general outline of the island. The idea is less
+poetically expressed by "An old witch on a broomstick."
+
+The effigy of Britannia on British copper coin dates from the reign
+of Charles II. (1672), and was engraved by Roetier from a drawing by
+Evelyn. It is meant for one of the king's court favorites, some say
+Frances Theresa Stuart, duchess of Richmond, and others Barbara
+Villiers, duchess of Cleveland.
+
+BRITISH HISTORY of Geoffrey of Monmouth, is a translation of a Welsh
+Chronicle. It is in nine books, and contains a "history" of the
+Britons and Welsh from Brutus, great-grandson of Trojan AEneas to the
+death of Cadwallo or Cadwallader in 688. This Geoffrey was first
+archdeacon of Monmouth and then bishop of St. Asaph. The general
+outline of the work is the same as that given by Nennius three
+centuries previously. Geoffrey's _Chronicle_, published about 1143,
+formed a basis for many subsequent historical works. A compendium by
+Diceto is published in Gale's _Chronicles_.
+
+BRIT'OMART, the representative of chastity. She was the daughter and
+heiress of king Ryence of Wales, and her legend forms the third book
+of the _Faery Queen_. One day, looking into Venus's looking-glass,
+given by Merlin to her father, she saw therein sir Artegal, and fell
+in love with him. Her nurse Glauce (2 _syl_.) tried by charms "to undo
+her love," but love that is in gentle heart begun no idle charm can
+remove. Finding her "charms" ineffectual, she took her to Merlin's
+cave in Caermarthen, and the magician told her she would be the mother
+of a line of kings (_the Tudors_), and after twice 400 years one of
+her offspring, "a royal virgin," would shake the power of Spain.
+Glauce now suggested that they should start in quest of sir Artegal,
+and Britomart donned the armor of An'gela (queen of the Angles), which
+she found in her father's armory, and taking a magic spear which
+"nothing could resist," she sallied forth. Her adventures allegorize
+the triumph of chastity over impurity: Thus in Castle Joyous,
+Malacasta _(lust)_, not knowing her sex, tried to seduce her, "but she
+flees youthful lust, which wars against the soul." She next overthrew
+Marinel, son of Cym'oent. Then made her appearance as the Squire of
+Dames. Her last achievement was the deliverance of Am'oret _(wifely
+love)_ from the enchanter Busirane. Her marriage is deferred to bk. v.
+6, when she tilted with sir Artegal, who "shares away the ventail of
+her helmet with his sword," and was about to strike again when he
+became so amazed at her beauty that he thought she must be a goddess.
+She bade the knight remove his helmet, at once recognized him,
+consented "to be his love, and to take him for her lord."--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+She charmed at once and tamed the heart, Incomparable Britomart.
+
+Sir W. Scott.
+
+BRITON _(Colonel)_, a Scotch officer, who sees donna Isabella jump
+from a window in order to escape from a marriage she dislikes. The
+colonel catches her, and takes her to the house of donna Violante, her
+friend. Here he calls upon her, but don Felix, the lover of Violante,
+supposing Violante to be the object of his visits, becomes jealous,
+till at the end the mystery is cleared up, and a double marriage is
+the result.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Wonder_ (1714).
+
+BROB'DINGNAG, a country of enormous giants, to whom Gulliver was a
+tiny dwarf. They were as tall "as an ordinary church steeple," and all
+their surroundings were in proportion.
+
+Yon high church steeple, yon gawky stag. Your husband must come from
+Brobdingnag. Kane O'Hara, _Midas_.
+
+BROCK _(Adam)_, in _Charles XII._, an historical drama by J. E.
+Planche.
+
+BROKEN-GIRTH-FLOW (_Laird of_), one of the Jacobite conspirators in
+_The Black Dwarf_, a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Anne).
+
+BROKER OF THE EMPIRE (_The_). Darius, son of Hystaspes, was so called
+by the Persians from his great care of the financial condition of his
+empire.
+
+BROMIA, wife of Sosia (slave of Amphitryon), in the service of
+Alcmena. A nagging termagant, who keeps her husband in petticoat
+subjection. She is not one of the characters in Moliere's comedy of
+_Amphitryon_.--Dryden, _Amphitryon_ (1690).
+
+BROMTON'S CHRONICLE (time, Edward III.), that is, "The Chronicle of
+John Bromton" printed among the _Decem Scriptores_, under the titles
+of "Chronicon Johannis Bromton," and "Joralanensis Historia a Johanne
+Bromton," abbot of Jerevaux, in Yorkshire. It commences with the
+conversion of the Saxons by St. Augustin, and closes with the death
+of Richard I. in 1199. Selden has proved that the chronicle was not
+_written_ by Bromton, but was merely brought to the abbey while he was
+abbot.
+
+BRONTES (2 _syl._), one of the Cyclops, hence a blacksmith generally.
+Called Bronteus (2 _syl._), by Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 5 (1596).
+
+  Not with such weight, to frame the forky brand,
+  The ponderous hammer falls from Brontes' hand.
+  _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (Hool's translation).
+
+BRONZELY (2 _syl._), a mere rake, whose vanity was to be thought "a
+general seducer."--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were, and Maids as
+they Are_ (1797).
+
+BRONZOMARTE (3 _syl._), the sorrel steed of sir Launcelot Greaves.
+The word means a "mettlesome sorrel."--Smollett, _Sir Launcelot
+Greaves_ (1756).
+
+BROOK (_Master_), the name assumed by Ford when sir John Falstaff
+makes love to his wife. Sir John, not knowing him, confides to him
+every item of his amour, and tells him how cleverly he has duped
+Ford by being carried out in a buck-basket before his very
+face.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+BROOKE (_Dorothea_), calm, queenly heroine of _Middlemarch_, by George
+Eliot.
+
+BROO'KER, the man who stole the son of Ralph Nickleby out of revenge,
+called him "Smike," and put him to school at Dotheboy's Hall,
+Yorkshire.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+BROOKS OF SHEFFIELD, name by which Murdstone alludes to David
+Copperfield in novel of that name.
+
+BROTHER JON'ATHAN. When Washington was in want of ammunition, he
+called a council of officers; but no practical suggestion being
+offered, he said, "We must consult brother Jonathan," meaning his
+excellency Jonathan Trumbull, the elder governor of the state of
+Connecticut. This was done, and the difficulty surmounted. "To consult
+brother Jonathan" then became a set phrase, and "Brother Jonathan"
+became the "John Bull" of the United States.--J. R. Bartlett,
+_Dictionary of Americanisms_.
+
+BROTHER SAM, the brother of lord Dundreary, the hero of a comedy based
+on a German drama, by John Oxenford, with additions and alterations by
+E. A. Sothern and T. B. Buckstone.--Supplied by T. B. Buckstone, Esq.
+
+BROWDIE (_John_), a brawny, big-made Yorkshire corn-factor, bluff,
+brusque, honest, and kind-hearted. He befriends poor Smike, and is
+much, attached to Nicholas Nickleby. John Browdie marries Matilda
+Price, a miller's daughter.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+BROWN (_Hablot_) illustrated some of Dickens's novels and took the
+pseudonym of "Phiz" (1812-).
+
+_Brown (Jonathan)_, landlord of the Black Bear at Darlington. Here
+Frank Osbaldistone meets Rob Roy at dinner.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_
+(time, George I.).
+
+_Brown (Mrs.)_, the widow of the brother-in-law of the Hon. Mrs.
+Skewton. She had one daughter, Alice Marwood, who was first cousin to
+Edith (Mr. Dombey's second wife). Mrs. Brown lived in great poverty,
+her only known vocation being to "strip children of their clothes,
+which she sold or pawned."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+_Brown (Mrs.)_, a "Mrs. John Bull," with all the practical sense,
+kind-heartedness, absence of conventionality, and the prejudices of a
+well-to-do but half-educated Englishwoman of the middle shop class.
+She passes her opinions on all current events, and travels about,
+taking with her all her prejudices, and despising everything which is
+not English.--Arthur Sketchley [Rev. George Rose].
+
+_Brown (Tom)_, hero of _Tom Brown's School-Days_ and _Tom Brown at
+Oxford_, by Thomas Hughes.
+
+_Brown (Vanbeest)_, lieutenant of Dirk Hatteraick.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy
+Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON, three Englishmen who travel together.
+Their adventures, by Richard Doyle, were published in _Punch_. In them
+is held up to ridicule the _gaucherie_, the contracted notions, the
+vulgarity, the conceit, and the general snobbism of the middle-class
+English abroad.
+
+BROWN OF CALAVERAS, a dissipated blackleg and ne'er-do-weel, whose
+handsome wife, arriving unexpectedly from the East, retrieves his
+fortune and risks his honor by falling in love with another man, a
+brother-gambler.--Bret Harte, _Brown of Calaveras_ (1871).
+
+BROWN THE YOUNGER (_Thomas_), the _nom de plume_ of Thomas Moore in
+_The Two-Penny Post-Bag_, a series of witty and very popular satires
+on the prince regent (afterwards George IV.), his ministers, and his
+boon companions. Also in _The Fudge Family in Paris_, and in _The
+Fudges in England_ (1835).
+
+BROWNE (_General_), pays a visit to lord Woodville. His bedroom for
+the night is the "tapestried chamber," where he sees the apparition of
+"the lady in the sacque," and next morning relates his adventure.--Sir
+W. Scott, _The Tapestried Chamber_ (time, George III.).
+
+BROWNLOW, a most benevolent old gentleman, who rescues Oliver Twist
+from his vile associates. He refuses to believe in Oliver's guilt of
+theft, although appearances were certainly against him, and he even
+takes the boy into his service.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BROWNS. _To astonish the Browns_, to do or say something regardless of
+the annoyance it may cause, or the shock it may give to Mrs. Grundy.
+Anne Boleyn had a whole clan of Browns, or "country cousins," who were
+welcomed at court in the reign of Elizabeth. The queen, however, was
+quick to see what was _gauche_, and did not scruple to reprove them
+for uncourtly manners. Her plainness of speech used quite to "astonish
+the Browns."
+
+BROXMOUTH (_John_), a neighbor of Happer the miller.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+BRUCE (_Mr. Robert_), mate on a bark trading between Liverpool and St.
+John's, N.B., sees a man writing in the captain's cabin, a stranger
+who disappears after pencilling certain lines on the slate. These
+prove a providential warning by which the vessel escapes certain
+destruction. The story is told by Robert Dale Owen in _Footfalls on
+the Boundary of Another World_, and vouched for as authentic (1860).
+
+_Bruce (The)_, an epic poem by John Barbour (1320-1395).
+
+BRUEL, the name of the goose in the tale of _Reynard the Fox_. The
+word means the "Little roarer" (1498).
+
+BRUIN, the name of the bear, in the beast-epic called _Reynard the
+Fox_. Hence a bear in general.
+
+The word means "the brown one" (1498).
+
+_Bruin_, one of the leaders arrayed against Hudibras. He is meant for
+one Talgol, a Newgate butcher, who obtained a captain's commission for
+valor at Naseby. He marched next to Orsin [_Joshua Gosling_, landlord
+of the bear-gardens at Southwark].--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 3.
+
+_Bruin_ (_Mrs._ and _Mr._), daughter and son-in-law to sir Jacob
+Jollup. Mr. Bruin is a huge bear of a fellow, and rules his wife with
+scant courtesy.--S. Foote, _The Mayor of Garratt_ (1763).
+
+BRULGRUD'DERY (_Dennis_), landlord of the Red Cow, on Muckslush Heath.
+He calls himself "an Irish gintleman bred and born." He was "brought
+up to the church," _i.e._ to be a church beadle, but lost his place
+for snoring at sermon-time. He is a sot, with a very kind heart, and
+is honest in great matters, although in business he will palm off an
+old cock for a young capon.
+
+_Mrs. Brulgruddery_, wife of Dennis, and widow of Mr. Skinnygauge,
+former landlord of the Red Cow. Unprincipled, self-willed,
+ill-tempered, and over-reaching. Money is the only thing that moves
+her, and when she has taken a bribe she will whittle down the service
+to the finest point.--G. Colman, jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BRUN'CHEVAL "the Bold," a paynim knight, who tilted with sir
+Satyrane, and both were thrown to the ground together at the first
+encounter.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 4 (1596).
+
+BRUNEL'O, a deformed dwarf, who at the siege of Albracca stole
+Sacripan'te's charger from between his legs without his knowing it.
+He also stole Angelica's magic ring, by means of which he released
+Roge'ro from the castle in which he was imprisoned. Ariosto says
+that Agramant gave the dwarf a ring which had the power of resisting
+magic.--Bojardo, _Orlando Innamorato_ (1495); and Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+"I," says Sancho, "slept so soundly upon Dapple, that the thief had
+time enough to clap four stakes under the four corners of my pannel
+and to lead away the beast from under my legs without waking
+me."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. i. 4 (1615).
+
+BRUNETTA, mother of Chery (who married his cousin Fairstar).--Comtesse
+D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar," 1682).
+
+_Brunetta_, the rival beauty of Phyllis. On one occasion Phyllis
+procured a most marvellous fabric of gold brocade in order to eclipse
+her rival, but Brunetta arrayed her train-bearer in a dress of the
+same material and cut in the same fashion. Phyllis was so mortified
+that she went home and died.--_The Spectator_.
+
+BRUNHILD, queen of Issland, who made a vow that none should win her
+who could not surpass her in three trials of skill and strength: (1)
+hurling a spear; (2) throwing a stone; and (3) jumping. Guenther king
+of Burgundy undertook the three contests, and by the aid of Siegfried
+succeeded in winning the martial queen. _First_, hurling a spear that
+three men could scarcely lift: the queen hurled it towards Guenther,
+but Siegfried, in his invisible cloak, reversed its direction, causing
+it to strike the queen and knock her down. _Next_, throwing a stone so
+huge that twelve brawny men were employed to carry it: Brunhild lifted
+it on high, flung it twelve fathoms, and jumped beyond it. Again
+Siegfried helped his friend to throw it further, and in leaping beyond
+the stone. The queen, being fairly beaten, exclaimed to her liegemen,
+"I am no longer your queen and mistress; henceforth are ye the
+liegemen of Guenther" (lied vii.). After marriage Brunhild was so
+obstreperous that the king again applied to Siegfried, who succeeded
+in depriving her of her ring and girdle, after which she became a very
+submissive wife.--_The Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+BRUNO (_Bishop_), bishop of Herbipolitanum. Sailing one day on the
+Danube with Henry III. emperor of Germany, they came to Ben Strudel
+("the devouring-gulf"), near Grinon Castle, in Austria. Here the voice
+of a spirit clamored aloud, "Ho! ho! Bishop Bruno, whither art thou
+travelling? But go thy ways, bishop Bruno, for thou shalt travel with
+me tonight." At night, while feasting with the emperor, a rafter
+fell on his head and killed him. Southey has a ballad called _Bishop
+Bruno_, but it deviates from the original legend given by Heywood in
+several particulars: It makes bishop Bruno hear the voice first on
+his way to the emperor, who had invited him to dinner; next, at the
+beginning of dinner; and thirdly, when the guests had well feasted. At
+the last warning an ice-cold hand touched him, and Bruno fell dead in
+the banquet hall.
+
+BRUSH, the impertinent English valet of lord Ogleby. If his lordship
+calls he never hears unless he chooses; if his bell rings he never
+answers it till it suits his pleasure. He helps himself freely to all
+his master's things, and makes love to all the pretty chambermaids
+he comes into contact with.--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine
+Marriage_ (1766).
+
+BRUTE (1 _syl_.), the first king of Britain (in mythical history). He
+was the son of AEneas Silvius (grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson
+of AEneas of Troy). Brute called London (the capital of his adopted
+country) Troynovant (_New Troy_). The legend is this: An oracle
+declared that Brute should be the death of both his parents; his
+mother died in child-birth, and at the age of fifteen Brute shot his
+father accidentally in a deer-hunt. Being driven from Alba Longa, he
+collected a band of old Trojans and landed at Totness, in Devonshire.
+His wife was Innogen, daughter of Pandra'sus king of Greece. His tale
+is told at length in the _Chronicles_ of Geoffrey of Monmouth, in the
+first song of Drayton's _Polyolbion_, and in Spenser's _Faery Queen_,
+ii.
+
+_Brute (Sir John)_, a coarse, surly, ill-mannered brute, whose delight
+was to "provoke" his young wife, who he tells us "is a young lady, a
+fine lady, a witty lady, and a virtuous lady, but yet I hate her." In
+a drunken frolic he intercepts a tailor taking home a new dress to
+lady Brute; he insists on arraying himself therein, is arrested for a
+street row, and taken before the justice of the peace. Being asked his
+name, he gives it as "lady John Brute," and is dismissed.
+
+_Lady Brute_, wife of sir John. She is subjected to divers
+indignities, and insulted morn, noon, and night by her surly, drunken
+husband. Lady Brute intrigues with Constant, a former lover; but her
+intrigues are more mischievous than vicious.--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked
+Wife_ (1697).
+
+BRUTE GREEN-SHIELD, the successor of Ebranc king of Britain. The
+mythical line is: (1) Brute, great-great-grandson of AEneas; (2)
+Locrin, his son; (3) Guendolen, the widow of Locrin; (4) Ebranc; (5)
+Brute Green-Shield. Then follow in order Leil, Hudibras, Bladud, Leir
+[Shakespeare's "Lear"], etc.
+
+  ... of her courageous kings,
+  Brute Green-Shield, to whose name we providence impute
+  Divinely to revive the land's first conqueror, Brute.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+BRUTUS (_Lucius Junius_), first consul of Rome, who condemned his own
+two sons to death for joining a conspiracy to restore Tarquin to
+the throne, from which he had been banished. This subject has been
+dramatized by N. Lee (1679) and John H. Payne, under the title of
+_Brutus, or the_ _Fall of Tarquin_ (1820). Alfieri has an Italian
+tragedy on the same subject. In French we have the tragedies of
+Arnault (1792) and Ponsard (1843). (See LUCRETIA.)
+
+The elder Kean on one occasion consented to appear at the Glasgow
+theatre for his son's benefit. The play chosen was Payne's _Brutus_,
+in which the father took the part of "Brutus" and Charles Kean that
+of "Titus." The audience sat suffused in tears during the pathetic
+interview, till "Brutus" falls on the neck of "Titus," exclaiming in
+a burst of agony, "Embrace thy wretched father!" when the whole house
+broke forth into peals of approbation. Edmund Kean then whispered in
+his son's ear, "Charlie, we are doing the trick."--W. C. Russell,
+_Representative Actors_, p. 476.
+
+_Junius Brutus_. So James Lynch Fitz-Stephen has been called, because
+(like the first consul of Rome) he condemned his own son to death for
+murder, and to prevent a rescue caused him to be executed from the
+window of his own house in Galway (1493).
+
+_The Spanish Brutus_, Alfonso Perez de Gruzman, governor of Tarifa in
+1293. Here he was besieged by the infant don Juan, who had revolted
+against his brother, king Sancho IV., and having Guzman's son in his
+power threatened to kill him unless Tarifa was given up to him. Guzman
+replied, "Sooner than be guilty of such treason I will lend Juan a
+dagger to slay my son;" and so saying tossed his dagger over the wall.
+Sad to say, Juan took the dagger, and assassinated the young man there
+and then (1258-1309).
+
+_Brutus (Marcus)_, said to be the son of Julius Caesar by Servilia.
+
+  Brutus' bastard hand
+  Stabb'd Julius Caesar.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI_. act iv. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+This Brutus is introduced by Shakespeare in his tragedy of _Julius
+Caesar_, and the poet endows him with every quality of a true patriot.
+He loved Caesar much, but he loved Rome more.
+
+_Brutus. Et tu, Brute_. Shakespeare, on the authority of Suetonius,
+puts these words into the mouth of Caesar when Brutus stabbed him.
+Shakespeare's drama was written in 1607, and probably he had seen _The
+True Tragedy of Richard duke of York_ (1600), where these words occur;
+but even before that date H. Stephens had said:
+
+Jule Cesar, quand il vit que Brutus aussi estoit de ceux qui luy
+tirient des coups d'espee, luy dit, _Kai sy tecnon_? c'est a dire....
+Et toy mon fils, en es tu aussi.--_Deux Dial. du Noveau Lang. Franc_
+(1583).
+
+BRUTUS AND CICERO. Cicero says: [Latin: "Caesare interfecto, statim,
+cruentum alte extollens M. Brutus pugionem _Ciceronem_ nominatim
+exclamavit, atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus."]--_Philipp_.
+ii. 12.
+
+When Brutus rose, Refulgent from the stroke of Caesar's fate,... [_he_]
+called aloud On Tully's name, and shook his crimson steel, And bade
+the "father of his country" hail.
+
+Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, i.
+
+BRY'DONE (_Elspeth_), or Glendinning, widow of Simon Glendinning,
+of the Tower of Glendearg.--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+BUBAS'TIS, the Dian'a of Egyptian mythology. She was the daughter of
+Isis and sister of Horus.
+
+BUBENBURG (_Sir Adrian de_), a veteran knight of Berne.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+BUCCA, goblin of the wind in Celtic mythology, and supposed by the
+ancient inhabitants of Cornwall to foretell shipwreck.
+
+BUCEN'TAUR, the Venetian state galley used by the doge when he went
+"to wed the Adriatic." In classic mythology the bucentaur was half man
+and half ox.
+
+BUCEPH'ALOS ("_bull-headed_"), the name of Alexander's horse, which
+cost L3500. It knelt down when Alexander mounted, and was thirty years
+old at its death. Alexander built a city called Bucephala in its
+memory.
+
+_The Persian Bucephalos_, Shibdiz, the famous charger of Chosroes
+Parviz.
+
+BUCK CHEEVER, mountaineer and "moonshiner" in Charles Egbert
+Craddock's _In the Stranger People's Country_.
+
+He had been a brave soldier, although the flavor of bushwhacking clung
+to his war record; he was a fast friend and a generous foe; what
+one hand got by hook or by crook--chiefly, it is to be feared, by
+crook--the other made haste to give away (1890).
+
+BUCK FANSHAWE, a popular Californian in the days when Lynch Law was in
+vogue in mining districts. He dies, and his partner seeks a clergyman
+to arrange for the funeral, which "the fellows" have determined shall
+be the finest ever held in the region. The divine questions in his
+professional vein and the miner answers in _his_, each sorely puzzled
+to interpret the meaning of his companion.
+
+  "Was he a--ah--peaceable man?"
+
+  "Peaceable! he jest _would_ have peace, ef he
+  had to lick every darned galoot in the valley to
+  git it."--Mark Twain, _Buck Fanshawe's Funeral_,
+  (1872).
+
+BUCK GRANGERFORD, a spirited son of the Grangerford clan, who pays
+with his life for fealty to family and feud.--Mark Twain [Samuel
+Langhorne Clemens], _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_ (1885).
+
+BUCK'ET (_Mr._), a shrewd detective officer who cleverly discovers
+that Hortense, the French maid-servant of lady Dedlock, was the
+murderer of Mr. Tulkinghorn, and not lady Dedlock, who was charged
+with the deed by Hortense.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+BUCKINGHAM (_George Villiers, duke of_). There were two dukes of
+this name, father and son, both notorious for their profligacy and
+political unscrupulousness. The first (1592-1628) was the favorite
+of James I., nicknamed "Steenie" by that monarch from his personal
+beauty, "Steenie" being a pet corruption of Stephen, whose face at
+martyrdom was "as the face of an angel." He was assassinated by
+Fenton. Sir Walter Scott introduces him in _The Fortunes of Nigel_,
+and his son in _Peveril of the Peak_. The son (1627-1688) also appears
+under the name of "Zimri" (q.v.) in Dryden's _Absalom and Achitophel_.
+He was the author of _The Rehearsal_, a drama upon which Sheridan
+founded his _Critic_, and of other works, but is principally
+remembered as the profligate favorite of Charles II. He was a member
+of the famous "CABAL" (q.v.), and closed a career of great splendor
+and wickedness in the most abject poverty.
+
+_Buckingham_ (_Henry de Stafford, duke of_) was a favorite of Richard
+III. and a participator in his crimes, but revolted against him, and
+was beheaded in 1483. This is the duke that Sackville met in the
+realms of Pluto, and whose "complaynt" is given in the prologue to _A
+Mirrour for Magistraytes_ (1587). He also appears in Shakespeare's
+_Richard III._ His son in _Henry VIII._
+
+_Buckingham_ (_Mary duchess of_), introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+BUCKLAW (_The laird of_), afterwards laird of Girnington. His name
+was Frank Hayston. Lucy Ashton plights her troth to Edgar master of
+Ravenswood, and they exchange love-tokens at the Mermaid's Fountain;
+but her father, sir William Ashton, from pecuniary views, promises her
+in marriage to the laird of Bucklaw, and as she signs the articles
+Edgar suddenly appears at the castle. They return to each other their
+love-tokens, and Lucy is married to the laird; but on the wedding
+night the bridegroom is found dangerously wounded in the bridal
+chamber, and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy dies
+in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+BUCKTHORNE, a conspicuous figure in _Tales of a Traveller_, by
+Washington Irving. He is gentleman student, dancing buffoon, lover,
+poet, and author by turns, and nothing long unless it be a royally
+good fellow (1824).
+
+BUFFOON (_The Pulpit_). Hugh Peters is so called by Dugdale
+(1599-1660).
+
+BUG JARGAL, a negro, passionately in love with a white woman, but
+tempering the wildest passion with the deepest respect.--Victor Hugo,
+_Bug Jargal_ (a novel).
+
+BULBUL, an Oriental name for a nightingale. When, in _The Princess_
+(by Tennyson), the prince, disguised as a woman, enters with his two
+friends (similarly disguised) into the college to which no man was
+admitted, he sings; and the princess, suspecting the fraud, says to
+him, "Not for thee, O bulbul, any rose of Gulistan shall burst her
+veil," i.e., "O singer, do not suppose that any woman will be taken
+in by such a flimsy deceit." The bulbul loved the rose, and Gulistan
+means the "garden of roses." The prince was the bulbul, the college
+was Gulistan, and the princess the rose sought.--Tennyson, _The
+Princess_, iv.
+
+BULBUL-HE'ZAR, the talking bird, which was joined in singing by all
+the song-birds in the neighborhood. (See TALKING BIRD.)--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("The Two Sisters," the last story).
+
+BULIS, mother of Egyp'ius of Thessaly. Egypius entertained a criminal
+love for Timandra, the mother of Neoph'ron, and Neophron was guilty of
+a similar passion for Bulis. Jupiter changed Egypius and Neophron
+into vultures, Bulis into a duck, and Timandra into a
+sparrow-hawk.--_Classic Mythology_.
+
+BULL (_John_), the English nation personified, and hence any typical
+Englishman.
+
+_Mrs. Bull_, queen Anne, "very apt to be choleric." On hearing that
+Philip Baboon (_Philippe duc d'Anjou_) was to succeed to lord Strutt's
+estates (_i.e. the Spanish throne_), she said to John Bull:
+
+  "You sot, you loiter about ale-houses and taverns,
+  spend your time at billiards, ninepins, or
+  puppet-shows, never minding me nor my numerous
+  family. Don't you hear how lord Strutt
+  [_the king of Spain_] has bespoke his liveries at
+  Lewis Baboon's shop [_France_]?... Fie upon it!
+  Up, man!... I'll sell my shift before I'll be so
+  used."--Chap. iv.
+
+_John Bull's Mother_, the Church of England.
+
+_John Bull's Sister Peg_, the Scotch, in love with Jack (_Calvin_).
+
+  John had a sister, a poor girl that had been
+  reared ... on oatmeal and water ... and lodged
+  in a garret exposed to the north wind.... However,
+  this usage ... gave her a hardy constitution....
+  Peg had, indeed, some odd humors and
+  comical antipathies,... she would faint at the
+  sound of an organ, and yet dance and frisk at
+  the noise of a bagpipe.--Dr. Arbuthnot, _History
+  of John Bull_, ii. 2 (1712).
+
+BULLAMY, porter of the "Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life
+Insurance Company." An imposing personage, whose dignity resided
+chiefly in the great expanse of his red waistcoat. Respectability and
+well-to-doedness were expressed in that garment.--C. Dickens, _Martin
+Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+BULLCALF (_Peter_), of the Green, who was pricked for a recruit in
+the army of sir John Falstaff. He promised Bardolph "four Harry
+ten-shillings in French crowns" if he would stand his friend, and when
+sir John was informed thereof, he said to Bullcalf, "I will have none
+of you." Justice Shallow remonstrated, but Falstaff exclaimed, "Will
+you tell me, master Shallow, how to choose a man? Care I for the
+limb, the thews, the stature?... Give me the spirit, master
+Shallow."--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act iii. sc. 2 (1598).
+
+BULL-DOGS, the two servants of a university proctor, who follow him in
+his rounds to assist him in apprehending students who are violating
+the university statutes, such as appearing in the streets after dinner
+without cap and gown, etc.
+
+BULLET-HEAD (_The Great_), George Cadoudal, leader of the Chouans
+(1769-1804).
+
+BULLSEGG (_Mr._), laird of Killancureit, a friend of the baron of
+Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+BULMER (_Valentine_), titular earl of Etherington, married to Clara
+Mowbray.
+
+_Mrs. Ann Bulmer_, mother of Valentine, married to the earl of
+Etherington during the life-time of his countess; hence his wife in
+bigamy.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+BUMBLE, beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born and
+brought up. A stout, consequential, hard-hearted, fussy official, with
+mighty ideas of his own importance. This character has given to the
+language the word _bumbledom_, the officious arrogance and bumptious
+conceit of a parish authority or petty dignitary. After marriage the
+high-and-mighty beadle was sadly henpecked and reduced to a Jerry
+Sneak.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+BUM'KINET, a shepherd. He proposes to Grub'binol that they should
+repair to a certain hut and sing "Gillian of Croydon," "Patient
+Grissel," "Cast away Care," "Over the Hills," and so on; but being
+told that Blouzelinda was dead, he sings a dirge, and Grubbinol joins
+him.
+
+  Thus wailed the louts in melancholy strain,
+  Till bonny Susan sped across the plain;
+  They seized the lass in apron clean arrayed,
+  And to the ale-house forced the willing maid;
+  In ale and kisses they forgot their cares,
+  And Susan Blouzelinda's loss repairs.
+
+Gay, _Pastoral_, v. (1714).
+
+(An imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. v. "Daphnis.")
+
+BUMPER (_Sir Harry_), a convivial friend of Charles Surface. He sings
+the popular song, beginning--
+
+  Here's to the maiden of bashful fifteen,
+  Here's to the widow of fifty, etc.
+
+Sheridan, _School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+BUMPPO (_Natty_), the Leather Stocking of Cooper's _Pioneers_;
+Hawk-Eye of _The Last of the Mohicans_; the Deer Slayer and the
+Pathfinder of the novels of those names; and the trapper of _The
+Prairie_, in which his death is recorded. A white man who has lived
+so long with Indians as to surpass them in skill and cunning, retains
+native nobility of character, and in his countenance "an open honesty
+and total absence of guile" that inspires trust.
+
+BUNCE (_Jack_), _alias_ Frederick Altamont, a _ci-devant_ actor, one
+of the crew of the pirate vessel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time,
+William III.).
+
+BUNCH (_Mother_), an alewife, mentioned by Dekker in his drama called
+_Satiromastix_ (1602). In 1604 was published _Pasquil's Jests, mixed
+with Mother Bunch's Merriments_.
+
+There is a series of "Fairy Tales" called _Mother Bunch's Fairy
+Tales_.
+
+_Bunch (Mother)_, the supposed possessor of a "cabinet broken open"
+and revealing "rare secrets of Art and Nature," such as love-spells
+(1760).
+
+BUN'CLE, messenger to the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid
+of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Bun'cle (John)_, a prodigious hand at matrimony, divinity, a song,
+and a glass. He married seven wives, and lost all in the flower of
+their age. For two or three days after the death of a wife he was
+inconsolable, but soon became resigned to his loss, which he repaired
+by marrying again.--Thos. Amory, _The Life, etc., of John Buncle,
+Esq._
+
+BUNDLE, the gardener, father of Wilelmi'na and friend of Tom Tug the
+waterman. He is a plain, honest man, but greatly in awe of his wife,
+who nags him from morning till night.
+
+_Mrs. Bundle_, a vulgar Mrs. Malaprop, and a termagant. "Everything
+must be her way or there's no getting any peace." She greatly
+frequents the minor theatres, and acquires notions of sentimental
+romance.
+
+BUN'GAY (_Friar_), one of the friars in a comedy by Robert Green,
+entitled _Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay_. Both the friars are
+conjurors, and the piece concludes with one of their pupils being
+carried off to the infernal regions on the back of one of friar
+Bacon's demons (1591).
+
+_Bungay_, publisher in _History of Pendennis_, by W.M. Thackeray.
+
+BUNGEY (_Friar_), personification of the charlatan of science in the
+fifteenth century.
+
+[Illustration] In _The Last of the Barons_, by lord Lytton, friar
+Bungey is an historical character, and is said to have "raised mists
+and vapors," which befriended Edward IV, at the battle of Barnet.
+
+BUNS'BY (_Captain John_ or _Jade_), owner of the _Cautious Clara_.
+Captain Cuttle considered him "a philosopher, and quite an oracle."
+Captain Bunsby had one "stationary and one revolving eye," a very red
+face, and was extremely taciturn. The captain was entrapped by Mrs.
+MacStinger (the termagant landlady of his friend captain Cuttle) into
+marrying her.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+BUNTING, the pied piper of Ham'elin. He was so called from his dress.
+
+BUR (_John_), the servant of Job Thornberry, the brazier of Penzance.
+Brusque in his manners, but most devotedly attached to his master,
+by whom he was taken from the workhouse. John Bur kept his master's
+"books" for twenty-two years with the utmost fidelity.--G.R. Colman,
+Jun., _John Bull_ (1805).
+
+BUR'BON (_i.e. Henri IV. of France_). He is betrothed to Fordelis
+_(France)_, who has been enticed from him by Grantorto (_rebellion_).
+Being assailed on all sides by a rabble rout, Fordelis is carried
+off by "hell-rake hounds." The rabble batter Burbon's shield
+(_protestantism_), and compel him to throw it away. Sir Artegal
+(_right_ or _justice_) rescues the "recreant knight" from the mob, but
+blames him for his unknightly folly in throwing away his shield
+(of faith). Talus (_the executive_) beats off the hellhounds, gets
+possession of the lady, and though she flouts Burbon, he catches her
+up upon his steed and rides off with her.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v.
+2 (1596).
+
+BURCHELL (_Mr._), _alias_ sir William Thornhill, about thirty years
+of age. When Dr. Primrose, the vicar of Wakefield, loses L1400, Mr.
+Burchell presents himself as a broken-down gentleman, and the doctor
+offers him his purse. He turns his back on the two flash ladies who
+talked of their high-life doings, and cried "Fudge!" after all their
+boastings and remarks. Mr. Burchell twice rescues Sophia Primrose, and
+ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _Vicar of Wakefield_ (1765).
+
+BURGUNDY (_Charles the Bold, duke of_) introduced by sir W. Scott
+in _Quentin Durward_ and in _Anne of Geierstein_. The latter novel
+contains the duke's defeat at Nancy, and his death (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+BURIDAN'S ASS. A man of indecision is so called from the hypothetical
+ass of Buridan, the Greek sophist. Buridan maintained that "if an ass
+could be placed between two hay-stacks in such a way that its choice
+was evenly balanced between them, it would starve to death, for there
+would be no motive why he should choose the one and reject the other."
+
+BURLEIGH (_William Cecil, lord_), lord treasurer to queen Elizabeth
+(1520-1598), introduced by sir W. Scott in his historical novel called
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+He is one the principal characters in _The Earl of Essex_, a tragedy
+by Henry Jones (1745).
+
+_Burleigh (Lord)_, a parliamentary leader in _The Legend of Montrose_,
+a novel by sir W. Scott (time, Charles I.).
+
+_A lord Burleigh shake of the head_, a great deal meant by a look or
+movement, though little or nothing is said. Puff, in his tragedy of
+the "Spanish Armada," introduces lord Burleigh, "who has the affairs
+of the whole nation in his head, and has no time to talk;" but his
+lordship comes on the stage and shakes his head, by which he means far
+more than words could utter. Puff says:
+
+  Why, by that shake of the head he gave you
+  to understand that even though they had more
+  justice in their cause and wisdom in their measures,
+  yet, if there was not a greater spirit shown
+  on the part of the people, the country would at
+  last fall a sacrifice to the hostile ambition of the
+  Spanish monarchy.
+
+  _Sneer_. Did he mean all that by shaking his
+  head?
+
+  _Puff_. Every word of it.--Sheridan, _The Critic_,
+  ii. 1 (1779).
+
+The original "lord Burleigh" was Irish Moody (1728-1813).--_Cornhill
+Magazine_ (1867).
+
+BURLESQUE POETRY (_Father of_), Hippo'nax of Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).
+
+BURLONG, a giant whose legs sir Try'amour cut off.--_Romance of Sir
+Tryamour_.
+
+BURNBILL, Henry de Londres, archbishop of Dublin and lord justice of
+Ireland, in the reign of Henry III. It is said that he fraudulently
+_burnt_ all the "bills" or instruments by which the tenants of the
+archbishopric held their estates.
+
+BURNS OF FRANCE (_The_), Jasmin, a barber of Gascony. Louis Philippe
+presented to him a gold watch and chain, and the duke of Orleans an
+emerald ring.
+
+BUR'RIS, an honest lord, favorite of the great-duke of
+Muscovia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_ (1618).
+
+BURROUGHS (_George_), a Salem citizen whose trial for witchcraft
+is recorded by Rev. Cotton Mather. The counts are many, and in the
+opinion of the court are proven, George Burroughs being condemned to
+die. In the story of his crimes set down by Dr. Mather, the climax
+would seem to be a paper handed by the accused to the jury, "wherein
+he goes to evince 'That there neither are, nor ever were, witches
+that, having made a compact with the devil, can send a devil to
+torment other people at a distance.'"
+
+"When he came to die, he utterly denied the fact whereof he had been
+convicted."--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_
+(1693).
+
+BU'SIRANE (3 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'oret by the waist to a
+brazen pillar, and, piercing her with a dart, wrote magic characters
+with the dropping blood, "all for to make her love him." When
+Brit'omart approached, the enchanter started up, and, running to
+Amoret, was about to plunge a knife into her heart; but Britomart
+intercepted the blow, overpowered the enchanter, compelled him
+to "reverse his charms," and then bound him fast with his own
+chain.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. 11, 12 (1590).
+
+BUSI'RIS, king of Egypt, was told by a foreigner that the long drought
+of nine years would cease when the gods of the country were mollified
+by human sacrifice. "So be it," said the king, and ordered the man
+himself to be offered as the victim.--_Herod_, ii. 59-61.
+
+  'Tis said that Egypt for nine years was dry;
+  Nor Nile did floods nor heaven did rain supply.
+
+  A foreigner at length informed the king
+  That slaughtered guests would kindly moisture bring.
+  The king replied, "On thee the lot shall fall;
+  Be thou, my guest, the sacrifice for all."
+
+Ovid, _Art of Love_, i.
+
+_Busi'ris_, supposed by Milton to be the Pharaoh drowned in the Red
+Sea.
+
+  Hath vexed the Red Sea coast, whose waves o'erthrew
+  Busiris and his Memphian chivalry.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 306 (1665).
+
+BUS'NE (2 _syl._). So the gipsies call all who do not belong to their
+race.
+
+The gold of the Busne; give me her gold. Longfellow, _The Spanish
+Student_.
+
+BUSQUEUE (_Lord_), plaintiff in the great Pantagruelian lawsuit known
+as "lord Busqueue _v._ lord Suckfist," in which the parties concerned
+pleaded for themselves. Lord Busqueue stated his grievance and spoke
+so learnedly and at such length, that no one understood one word about
+the matter; then lord Suckfist replied, and the bench declared "We
+have not understood one iota of the defence." Pantag'ruel, however,
+gave judgment, and as both plaintiff and defendant considered he had
+got the verdict, both were fully satisfied, "a thing without parallel
+in all the annals of the court."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+BUSY BODY (_The_), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre (1709). Sir Francis
+Gripe (guardian of Miranda, an heiress, and father of Charles), a man
+sixty-five years old, wishes to marry his ward for the sake of her
+money, but Miranda loves and is beloved by sir George Airy, a man of
+twenty-four. She pretends to love "Gardy," and dupes him into yielding
+up her money, and giving his consent to her marriage with "the man of
+her choice," believing himself to be the person. Charles is in love
+with Isabinda, daughter of sir Jealous Traffick, who has made up
+his mind that she shall marry a Spaniard named don Diego Babinetto,
+expected to arrive forthwith. Charles dresses in a Spanish costume,
+passes himself off as the expected don, and is married to the lady of
+his choice; so both the old men are duped, and all the young people
+wed according to their wishes.
+
+BUTCHER (_The_), Achmet pasha, who struck off the heads of seven of
+his wives at once. He defended Acre against Napoleon I.
+
+John ninth lord Clifford, called "The Black Clifford" (died 1461).
+
+Oliver de Clisson, constable of France (1320-1407).
+
+_Butcher (The Bloody_), the duke of Cumberland, second son of Gleorge
+II.; so called for his great barbarities in suppressing the rebellion
+of Charles Edward, the young pretender (1726-1765).
+
+BUTCHER OF ENGLAND, John Tiptoft, earl of Worcester, a man of great
+learning and a patron of learning (died 1470).
+
+On one occasion in the reign of Edward IV. he ordered Clapham (a
+squire to lord Warwick) and nineteen others, all gentlemen, to be
+impaled.--Stow, _Warkworth Chronicle_ ("Cont. Croyl.")
+
+Yet so barbarous was the age, that this same learned man impaled forty
+Lancastrian prisoners at Southampton, put to death the infant children
+of the Irish chief Desmond, and acquired the nickname of "The Butcher
+of England."--_Old and New London_, ii. 21.
+
+BUTLER (_Reuben_), a presbyterian minister, married to Jeanie Deans.
+
+_Benjamin Butler_, father of Reuben.
+
+_Stephen Butler_, generally called "Bible Butler," grandfather of
+Reuben and father of Benjamin.
+
+_Widow Judith Butler_, Reuben's grandmother and Stephen's wife.
+
+_Euphemia_ or _Femie Butler_, Reuben's daughter.
+
+_David_ and _Reuben Butler_, Reuben's sons.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Butler (The Rev. Mr.)_, military chaplain at Madras.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+BUTTERCUP (_John_), a milkman.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock
+Frock_.
+
+_Buttercup (Little_), Bumboat woman, who in her youth, took to
+baby-farming, and "mixed those babies up," _i.e._ Ralph Rackstraw and
+the Captain of the _Pinafore_.--W.S. Gilbert, _Pinafore_ (1877).
+
+BUXOMA, a shepherdess with whom Cuddy is in love.
+
+  My Brown Buxoma is the featest maid
+  That e'er at wake delightsome gambol played ...
+  And neither lamb, nor kid, nor calf, nor Tray,
+  Dance like Buxoma on the first of May.
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+BUZFUZ (_Sergeant_), the pleader retained by Dodson and Fogg for the
+plaintiff in the celebrated case of "Bardell _v._ Pickwick." Sergeant
+Buzfuz is a driving, chaffing, masculine bar orator, who proved that
+Mr. Pickwick's note about "chops and tomato sauce" was a declaration
+of love; and that his reminder "not to forget the warming-pan" was
+only a flimsy cover to express the ardor of his affection. Of course
+the defendant was found guilty by the enlightened jury. (His junior
+was Skimpin.)--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+BUZ'ZARD (_The_), in _The Hind and the Panther_, by Dryden (pt. iii.),
+is meant for Dr. Gilbert Burnet, whose figure was lusty (1643-1715).
+
+BYCORN, a fat cow, so fat that its sides were nigh to bursting, but
+this is no wonder, for its food was "good and enduring husbands," of
+which there is good store, (See CHICHI-VACHE.)
+
+BYRON (_Miss Harriet_), a beautiful and accomplished woman of high
+rank, devotedly attached to sir Charles Grandison, whom ultimately she
+marries.--Richardson, _Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753).
+
+_Byron (The Polish)_, Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855).
+
+_Byron (The Russian_), Alexander Sergeivitch Puschkin (1799-1837).
+
+BYRON AND MARY. The Mary of Byron's song is Miss Chaworth. Both Miss
+Chaworth and lord Byron were wards of Mr. White. Miss Chaworth married
+John Musters, and lord Byron married Miss Anna Isabella Milbanke: both
+were equally unhappy.
+
+  I have a passion for the name of "Mary,"
+  For once it was a magic name to me.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 4 (1820).
+
+BYRON AND TERESA GUICCIOLI. This lady was the wife of count Guiccioli,
+an old man, but very rich. Moore says that Byron "never loved but
+once, till he loved Teresa."
+
+BYRON AND THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. It was Jeffrey and not Brougham who
+wrote the article which provoked the poet's reply.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+(in _Notes and Queries_), the Right Hon. John Wilson Croker.
+
+CACAFO'GO, a rich, drunken usurer, stumpy and fat, choleric, a
+coward, and a bully. He fancies money will buy everything and every
+one.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_ (1640).
+
+CACUR'GUS, the fool or domestic jester of Misog'onus. Cacurgus is
+a rustic simpleton and cunning mischief-maker.--Thomas Rychardes,
+_Misogonus_ (the third English comedy, 1560).
+
+CA'CUS, a giant who lived in a cave on mount Av'entine (3 _syl_.).
+When Hercules came to Italy with the oxen which he had taken from
+Ger'yon of Spain, Cacus stole part of the herd, but dragged the
+animals by their tails into his cave, that it might be supposed they
+had come _out_ of it.
+
+If he falls into slips, it is equally clear they were introduced
+by him on purpose to confuse like Caeus, the traces of his
+retreat.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
+
+CAD, a low-born, vulgar fellow. A cadie in Scotland was a carrier of a
+sedan-chair.
+
+All Edinburgh men and boys know that when sedan-chairs were
+discontinued, the old cadies sank into ruinous poverty, and became
+synonymous with roughs. The word was brought to London by James
+Hannay, who frequently used it.--M. Pringle.
+
+[Illustration] M. Pringle assures us that the word came from Turkey.
+
+CADE (_Jack_), Irish insurgent in reign of Henry VII. Assuming the
+name of Mortimer, he led a company of rebels from Kent, defeated the
+king's army, and entered London. His short-lived triumph was ended by
+his death at Lewes. He appears in _Henry VI._ by Shakespeare.
+
+CADENUS (3 _syl._) dean Swift. The word is simply _de-ca-nus_ ("a
+dean"), with the first two syllables transposed (_ca-de-nus_). Vanessa
+is Miss Esther Vanhomrigh, a young lady who fell in love with Swift,
+and proposed marriage. The dean's reply is given in the poem entitled
+_Cadenus and Vanessa_ [_i.e._ Van-Esther].
+
+CADUCEUS meant generally a herald's staff; as an emblem of a peaceful
+errand it was made of a branch of olive-wood with the twigs, which,
+later, were transformed to serpents. In this form it is associated
+with Mercury, the herald and messenger of the gods--that "beautiful
+golden rod with which he both puts men to sleep and wakens them from
+slumber." Homer, _Odyssey_, xxiv.
+
+CADURCI, the people of Aquitania.
+
+CADWAL. Arviragus, son of Cymbeline, was so called while he lived
+in the woods with Belarius, who called himself Morgan, and whom
+Cadwal supposed to be his father.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CADWALLADER, called by Bede (1 _syl._) Elidwalda, son of Cadwalla king
+of Wales. Being compelled by pestilence and famine to leave Britain,
+he went to Armorica. After the plague ceased he went to Rome, where,
+in 689, he was baptized, and received the name of Peter, but died very
+soon afterwards.
+
+  Cadwallader that drave [_sailed_] to the Armoric shore.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ix. (1612).
+
+_Cadwallader_, the misanthrope in Smollett's _Peregrine Pickle_
+(1751).
+
+_Cadwallader_ (_Mrs_.), character in _Middle-march_, by George Eliot.
+
+CADWALL'ON, son of the blinded Cyne'tha. Both father and son
+accompanied prince Madoc to North America in the twelfth
+century.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+_Cadwal'lon_, the favorite bard of prince Gwenwyn. He entered the
+service of sir Hugo de Lacy, disguised, under the assumed name of
+Renault Vidal.--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+CAE'CIAS, the north-west wind. Argestes is the north-east, and Bo'reas
+the full north.
+
+  Boreas and Caecias and Argestes loud
+  ...rend the woods, and seas upturn.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665).
+
+CAELESTI'NA, the bride of sir Walter Terill. The king commanded sir
+Walter to bring his bride to court on the night of her marriage. Her
+father, to save her honor, gave her a mixture supposed to be poison,
+but in reality it was only a sleeping draught. In due time the
+bride recovered, to the amusement of the king and delight of her
+husband.--Th. Dekker, _Satiromastix_ (1602).
+
+CAE'NEUS [_Se.nuce_] was born of the female sex, and was originally
+called Caenis. Vain of her beauty, she rejected all lovers, but was one
+day surprised by Neptune, who offered her violence, changed her sex,
+converted her name to Ceneus, and gave her (or rather _him_) the gift
+of being invulnerable. In the wars of the Lap'ithae, Ceneus offended
+Jupiter, and was overwhelmed under a pile of wood, but came forth
+converted into a yellow bird. AEneas found Ceneus in the infernal
+regions restored to the feminine sex. The order is inverted by sir
+John Davies:
+
+  And how was Caeneus made at first a man,
+  And then a woman, then a man again.
+  _Orchestra, etc_. (1615).
+
+CAESAR (_Caius Julius_).
+
+  Somewhere I've read, but where I forget, he could dictate
+  Seven letters at once, at the same time writing his memoirs....
+  Better be first, he said, in a little Iberian village
+  Than be second in Rome; and I think he was right when he said it.
+  Twice was he married before he was twenty, and many times after;
+  Battles five hundred he fought, and a thousand cities he conquered;
+  But was finally stabbed by his friend the orator Brutus.
+  Longfellow, _Courtship of Miles Standish_, ii.
+
+Longfellow refers to Pliny, vii. 25, where he says that Caesar "could
+employ, at one and the same time, his ears to listen, his eyes to
+read, his hand to write, and his tongue to dictate." He is said to
+have conquered three hundred nations; to have taken eight hundred
+cities, to have slain in battle a million men, and to have defeated
+three millions. (See below, CAESAR'S WARS.)
+
+_Caesar and his Fortune_. Plutarch says that Caesar told the captain of
+the vessel in which he sailed that no harm could come to his ship, for
+that he had "Caesar and his fortune with him."
+
+  Now am I like that proud insulting ship,
+  Which Caesar and his fortune bare at once.
+  Shakespeare, 1 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 2 (1589).
+
+_Caesar saves his Commentaries_. Once, when Julius Caesar was in danger
+of being upset into the sea by the overloading of a boat, he swam
+to the nearest ship, with his book of _Commentaries_ in his
+hand.--Suetonius.
+
+_Caesar's Death_. Both Chaucer and Shakespeare say that Julius Caesar
+was killed in the capitol. Thus Polonius says to Hamlet, "I did enact
+Julius Caesar; I was killed i' the capitol" (_Hamlet_, act iii. sc. 2).
+And Chaucer says:
+
+  This Julius to the capitole wente ...
+  And in the capitole anon him hente
+  This false Brutus, and his other soon,
+  And sticked him with bodekins anon.
+
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Monk's Tale," 1388).
+
+Plutarch expressly tells us he was killed in Pompey's Porch or Piazza;
+and in _Julius Caesar_ Shakespeare says he fell "e'en at the base of
+Pompey's statue" (act iii. sc. 2).
+
+_Caesar's Famous Despatch_, "Veni, vidi, vici," written to the senate
+to announce his overthrow of Pharnaces king of Pontus. This "hop,
+skip, and a jump" was, however, the work of three days.
+
+_Caesar's Wars_. The carnage occasioned by the wars of Caesar is usually
+estimated at a million fighting men. He won 320 triumphs, and fought
+500 battles. See above, CAESAR (_Caius Julius_).
+
+  What millions died that Caesar might be great!
+
+Campbell. _The Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
+
+_Caesar_, the Mephistoph'eles of Byron's unfinished drama called _The
+Deformed Transformed_. This Caesar changes Arnold (the hunchback) into
+the form of Achilles, and assumes himself the deformity and ugliness
+which Arnold casts off. The drama being incomplete, all that can be
+said is that Caesar, in cynicism, effrontery, and snarling bitterness
+of spirit, is the exact counterpart of his prototype, Mephistopheles
+(1821).
+
+_Caesar (Don)_, an old man of sixty-three, the father of Olivia. In
+order to induce his daughter to marry, he makes love to Marcella, a
+girl of sixteen.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a Husband_ (1782).
+
+CAEL, a Highlander of the western coast of Scotland. These Cael had
+colonized, in very remote times, the northern parts of Ireland, as the
+Fir-bolg or Belgae of Britain had colonized the southern parts. The
+two colonies had each a separate king. When Crothar was king of the
+Fir-bolg (or "lord of Atha"), he carried off Conla'ma, daughter of the
+king of Ulster (_i.e._ "chief of the Cael"), and a general war ensued
+between the two races. The Cael, being reduced to the last extremity,
+sent to Trathal (Fingal's grandfather) for help, and Trathal sent over
+Con'ar, who was chosen "king of the Cael" immediately he landed in
+Ulster; and having reduced the Fir-bolg to submission, he assumed the
+title of "king of Ireland." The Fir-bolg, though conquered, often rose
+in rebellion, and made many efforts to expel the race of Conar, but
+never succeeded in so doing.--Ossian.
+
+CAGES FOR MEN. Alexander the Great had the philosopher Callisthenes
+chained for seven months in an iron cage, for refusing to pay him
+divine honors.
+
+Catherine II. of Eussia kept her perruquier for more than three years
+in an iron cage in her bed-chamber, to prevent his telling people that
+she wore a wig.--Mons. de Masson, _Memoires Secrets sur la Russie_.
+
+Edward I. confined the countess of Buchan in an iron cage, for placing
+the crown of Scotland on the head of Bruce. This cage was erected on
+one of the towers of Berwick Castle, where the countess was exposed
+to the rigor of the elements and the gaze of passers-by. One of the
+sisters of Bruce was similarly dealt with.
+
+Louis XI. confined cardinal Balue (grand-almoner of France) for ten
+years in an iron cage in the castle of Loches [_Losh_].
+
+Tamerlane enclosed the sultan Bajazet in an iron cage, and made of him
+a public show. So says D'Herbelot.
+
+  An iron cage was made by Timour's command,
+  composed on every side of iron gratings, through
+  which the captive sultan [Bajazet] could be seen
+  in any direction. He travelled in this den slung
+  between two horses.--Leunclavius.
+
+CAGLIOSTRO (_Count de_), the assumed name of Joseph Balsamo
+(1743-1795).
+
+CAIN AND ABEL are called in the _Koran_ "Kabil and Habil." The
+tradition is that Cain was commanded to marry Abel's sister, and Abel
+to marry Cain's, but Cain demurred because his own sister was the more
+beautiful, and so the matter was referred to God, and God answered
+"No" by rejecting Cain's sacrifice.
+
+The Mohammedans also say that Cain carried about with him the dead
+body of Abel till he saw a raven scratch a hole in the ground to
+bury a dead bird. The hint was taken, and Abel was buried under
+ground.--Sale's _Koran_, v. (notes).
+
+CAIRBAR, son of Borbar-Duthul, "lord of Atha" (Connaught), the most
+potent of the race of the Fir-bolg. He rose in rebellion against
+Cormac "king of Ireland," murdered him (_Temora_, i.), and usurped
+the throne; but Fingal (who was distantly related to Cormac) went to
+Ireland with an army, to restore the ancient dynasty. Cairbar
+invited Oscar (Fingal's grandson) to a feast, and Oscar accepted the
+invitation, but Cairbar having provoked a quarrel with his guest, the
+two fought, and both were slain.
+
+  "Thy heart is a rock. Thy thoughts are dark
+  and bloody. Thou art the brother of Cathmor
+  ... but my soul is not like thine, thou feeble
+  hand in fight. The light of my bosom is stained
+  by thy deeds."--Ossian, _Temora_, i.
+
+CAIRBRE (_2 syl._), sometimes called Cairbar, third king of Ireland,
+of the Caledonian line. (There was also a Cairbar, "lord of Atha," a
+Fir-bolg, quite a different person.)
+
+The Caledonian line ran thus: (1) Conar, first "king of Ireland;" (2)
+Cormac I., his son; (3) Cairbre, his son; (4) Artho, his son; (5)
+Cormac II., his son; (6) Ferad-Artho, his cousin.--Ossian.
+
+CAIUS (2 _syl._), the assumed name of the earl of Kent when he
+attended on king Lear, after Goneril and Regan refused to entertain
+their aged father with his suite.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+_Caius_ (_Dr._), a French physician, whose servants are Rugby and
+Mrs. Quickly.--Shakespeare, _Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+  The clipped English of Dr. Cains.--Macau lay.
+
+CALANDRINO, a character in the _Decameron_, whose "misfortunes have
+made all Europe merry for four centuries."--Boccaccio, _Decameron_,
+viii. 9 (1350).
+
+CALANTHA, princess of Sparta, loved by Ithocles. Ithocles induces
+his sister, Penthea, to break the matter to the princess. This she
+does; the princess is won to requite his love, and the king consents
+to the union. During a grand court ceremony Calantha is informed of
+the sudden death of her father, another announces to her that Penthea
+had starved herself to death from hatred to Bassanes, and a third
+follows to tell her that Ithocles, her betrothed husband, has been
+murdered. Calantha bates no jot of the ceremony, but continues the
+dance even to the bitter end. The coronation ensues, but scarcely is
+the ceremony over than she can support the strain no longer, and,
+broken-hearted, she falls dead.--John Ford, _The Broken Heart_ (1633).
+
+CALAN'THE (3 _syl._), the betrothed wife of Pyth'ias the
+Syracusian.--J. Banim, _Damon and Pythias_ (1825).
+
+CAL'CULATOR (_The_). Alfragan the Arabian astronomer was so called
+(died A.D. 820). Jedediah Buxton, of Elmeton, in Derbyshire, was also
+called "The Calculator" (1705-1775). George Bidder, Zerah Colburn,
+and a girl named Heywood (whose father was a Mile End weaver) all
+exhibited their calculating powers in public.
+
+Pascal, in 1642, made a calculating machine, which was improved by
+Leibnitz. C. Babbage also invented a calculating machine (1790-1871).
+
+CAL'DERON (_Don Pedro_), a Spanish poet born at Madrid (1600-1681). At
+the age of fifty-two he became an ecclesiastic, and composed religious
+poetry only. Altogether he wrote about 1000 dramatic pieces.
+
+  Her memory was a mine. She knew by heart
+  All Cal'deron and greater part of Lope.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 11 (1819).
+
+[Illustration] "Lope," that is Lope de Vega, the Spanish poet
+(1562-1635).
+
+CALEB, the enchantress who carried off St. George in infancy.
+
+_Ca'leb_, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is meant
+for lord Grey of Wark, in Northumberland, an adherent of the duke of
+Monmouth.
+
+  And, therefore, in the name of dulness be
+  The well-hung Balaam and cold Caleb free.
+  Part i.
+
+[Illustration] "Balaam" is the earl of Huntingdon.
+
+CA'LED, commander-in-chief of the Arabs in the siege of Damascus. He
+is brave, fierce, and revengeful. War is his delight. When Pho'cyas,
+the Syrian, deserts Eu'menes, Caled asks him to point out the
+governor's tent; he refuses; they fight, and Caled falls.--John
+Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+CALEDONIANS, Gauls from France who colonized south Britain, whence
+they journeyed to Inverness and Ross. The word is compounded of two
+Celtic words, _Cael_ ("Gaul" or "Celt") and _don_ or _dun_ ("a hill"),
+so that Cael-don means "Celts of the highlands."
+
+  The Highlanders to this day call themselves
+  "_Cael_" and their language "_Caelic_" or "_Gaelic_"
+  and their country "_Caeldock_" which the Romans
+  softened into Caledonia.--_Dissertation on the
+  Poems of Ossian_.
+
+CALENDERS, a class of Mohammedans who abandoned father and mother,
+wife and children, relations and possessions, to wander through the
+world as religious devotees, living on the bounty of those whom they
+made their dupes.--D'Herbelot, _Supplement_, 204.
+
+  He diverted himself with the multitude of calenders,
+  santons, and dervises, who had travelled
+  from the heart of India, and halted on their way
+  with the emir.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1786).
+
+_The Three Calenders_, three royal princes, disguised as begging
+dervishes, each of whom had lost his right eye. Their adventures form
+three tales in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_.
+
+_Tale of the First Calender_. No names are given. This calender was
+the son of a king, and nephew of another king. While on a visit to his
+uncle his father died, and the vizier usurped the throne. When the
+prince returned, he was seized, and the usurper pulled out his right
+eye. The uncle died, and the usurping vizier made himself master of
+this kingdom also. So the hapless young prince assumed the garb of a
+calender, wandered to Baghdad, and being received into the house
+of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the caliph
+Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_.
+
+_Tale of the Second Calender._ No names given. This calender, like the
+first, was the son of a king. On his way to India he was attacked by
+robbers, and though he contrived to escape, he lost all his effects.
+In his flight he came to a large city, where he encountered a tailor,
+who gave him food and lodging. In order to earn a living, he turned
+woodman for the nonce, and accidentally discovered an underground
+palace, in which lived a beautiful lady, confined there by an evil
+genius. With a view of liberating her, he kicked down the talisman,
+when the genius appeared, killed the lady, and turned the prince into
+an ape. As an ape he was taken on board ship, and transported to a
+large commercial city, where his penmanship recommended him to the
+sultan, who made him his vizier. The sultan's daughter undertook to
+disenchant him and restore him to his proper form; but to accomplish
+this she had to fight with the malignant genius. She succeeded in
+killing the genius, and restoring the enchanted prince; but received
+such severe injuries in the struggle that she died, and a spark of
+fire which flew into the right eye of the prince destroyed it. The
+sultan was so heart-broken at the death of his only child, that he
+insisted on the prince quitting the kingdom without delay. So he
+assumed the garb of a calender, and being received into the hospitable
+house of "the three sisters," told his tale in the hearing of the
+caliph Haroun-al-Raschid.--_The Arabian Nights_.
+
+_Tale of the Third Calender._ This tale is given under the word AGIB.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "I am called Agib," he says, "and am the son
+  of a king whose name was Cassib."--_Arabian
+  Nights_.
+
+CALEPINE (_Sir_), the knight attached to Serena (canto 3). Seeing a
+bear carrying off a child, he attacked it, and squeezed it to death,
+then committed the babe to the care of Matilde, wife of sir Bruin. As
+Matilde had no child of her own, she adopted it (canto 4).--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, vi. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] Upton says, "the child" in this incident is meant for
+M'Mahon, of Ireland, and that "Mac Mahon" means the "son of a bear."
+He furthermore says that the M'Mahons were descended from the
+Fitz-Ursulas, a noble English family.
+
+CALES (_2 syl._). So gipsies call themselves.
+
+  Beltran Cruzado, count of the Cales.
+  Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_.
+
+CALF-SKIN. Fools and jesters used to wear a calf-skin coat buttoned
+down the back, and hence Faulconbridge says insolently to the
+arch-duke of Austria, who had acted very basely towards Richard
+Lion-heart:
+
+  Thou wear a lion's hide! doff it for shame,
+  And hang a calf-skin on those recreant limbs.
+  Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596).
+
+CALIANAX, a humorous old lord, father of Aspatia, the troth-plight
+wife of Amintor. It is the death of Aspatia which gives name to the
+drama.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+CALIBAN, a savage, deformed slave of Prospero (the rightful duke of
+Milan and father of Miranda). Caliban is the "freckled whelp" of
+the witch Sycorax. Mrs. Shelley's "Frankenstein" is a sort of
+Caliban.--Shakespeare, _The Tempest_ (1609).
+
+  "Caliban" ... is all earth ... he has the
+  dawnings of understanding without reason or the
+  moral sense ... this advance to the intellectual
+  faculties without the moral sense is marked by
+  the appearance of vice.--Coleridge.
+
+CALIBURN, same as _Excalibur_, the famous sword of king Arthur.
+
+  Onward Arthur paced, with hand
+  On Caliburn's resistless brand.
+  Sir W. Scott, _Bridal of Triermain_ (1813).
+
+  Arthur ... drew out his Caliburn, and ...
+  rushed forward with great fury into the thickest
+  of the enemy's ranks ... nor did he give over
+  the fury of his assault till he had, with his Caliburn,
+  killed 470 men.--Geoffrey, _British History_,
+  ix. 4 (1142).
+
+CALIDORE (_Sir_), the type of courtesy, and the hero of the sixth
+book of Spenser's _Faery Queen_. The model of this character was sir
+Philip Sidney. Sir Calidore (3 _syl._) starts in quest of the Blatant
+Beast, which had escaped from sir Artegal (bk. v. 12). He first
+compels the lady Briana to discontinue her discourteous toll of "the
+locks of ladies and the beards of knights" (canto 1). Sir Calidore
+falls in love with Pastorella, a shepherdess, dresses like a shepherd,
+and assists his lady-love in keeping sheep. Pastorella being taken
+captive by brigands, sir Calidore rescues her, and leaves her at
+Belgard Castle to be taken care of, while he goes in quest of the
+Blatant Beast. He finds the monster after a time, by the havoc it had
+made with religious houses, and after an obstinate fight succeeds in
+muzzling it, and dragging it in chains after him, but it got loose
+again, as it did before (canto 12).--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, vi.
+(1596).
+
+  Sir Gawain was the "Calidore" of the Round
+  Table.--Southey.
+
+[Illustration] "Pastorella" is Frances Walsingham (daughter of sir
+Francis), whom sir Philip Sidney married. After the death of sir
+Philip she married the earl of Essex. The "Blatant Beast" is what we
+now call "Mrs. Grundy."
+
+CALIGORANT, an Egyptian giant and cannibal, who used to entrap
+travellers with an invisible net. It was the very same net that Vulcan
+made to catch Mars and Venus with. Mercury stole it for the purpose of
+entrapping Chloris, and left it in the temple of Anubis, whence it
+was stolen by Caligorant. One day Astolpho, by a blast of his magic
+horn, so frightened the giant that he got entangled in his own net,
+and being made captive was despoiled of it.--Ariosto, _Orlando
+Furioso_ (1516).
+
+CALINO, a famous French utterer of bulls.
+
+CALIPOLIS, in _The Battle of Alcazar_, a drama by George Peele
+(1582). Pistol says to Mistress Quickly:
+
+  "Then feed and be fat, my fair Calipolis."--
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV._ act ii. sc 4 (1598).
+
+CALIS (_The princess_), sister of Astorax, king of Paphos, in
+love with Polydore, brother of general Memnon, but loved greatly by
+Siphax.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+CALISTA, the fierce and haughty daughter of Sciolto (_3 syl._), a
+proud Genoese nobleman. She yielded to the seduction of Lothario, but
+engaged to marry Altamont, a young lord who loved her dearly. On the
+wedding-day a letter was picked up which proved her guilt, and she was
+subsequently seen by Altamont conversing with Lothario. A duel
+ensued, in which Lothario fell; in a street row Sciolto received his
+death-wound, and Calista stabbed herself. The character of "Calista"
+was one of the parts of Mrs. Siddons, and also of Miss Brunton.--N.
+Rowe, _The Fair Penitent_ (1703).
+
+Richardson has given a purity and sanctity to the sorrows of his
+"Clarissa" which leave "Calista" immeasurably behind.--R. Chambers,
+_English Literature_, i. 590.
+
+Twelve years after Norris's death, Mrs. Barry was acting the character
+of "Calista." In the last act, where "Calista" lays her hand upon a
+skull, she [_Mrs. Barry_] was suddenly seized with a shuddering, and
+fainted. Next day she asked whence the skull had been obtained, and
+was told it was "the skull of Mr. Norris, an actor." This Norris was
+her former husband, and so great was the shock that she died within
+six weeks.--Oxberry.
+
+CALIS'TO AND AR'CAS. Calisto, an Arcadian nymph, was changed into a
+she-bear. Her son Arcas, supposing the bear to be an ordinary beast,
+was about to shoot it, when Jupiter metamorphosed him into a he-bear.
+Both were taken to heaven by Jupiter, and became the constellations
+_Ursa Minor_ and _Ursa Major_.
+
+CALL'AGHAN O'BRALL'AGHAN (_Sir_), "a wild Irish soldier in the
+Prussian army. His military humor makes one fancy he was not only
+born in a siege, but that Bellona had been his nurse, Mars his
+schoolmaster, and the Furies his playfellows" (act i. 1). He is the
+successful suitor of Charlotte Goodchild.--C. Macklin, _Love a la
+mode_ (1779).
+
+CALLET, a _fille publique_. Brantome says a _calle_ or _calotte_ is "a
+cap," hence the phrase, _Plattes comme des calles_. Ben Jonson, in his
+_Magnetick Lady_, speaks of "wearing the callet, the politic hood."
+
+Des filles du peuple et de la campagne s'appellant _calles_, a cause
+de la "cale" qui leur servait de coiffure.--Francisque Michel.
+
+En sa tete avoit un gros bonnet blanc, qui l'on appelle une _calle_,
+et nous autres appelons _calotte_, ou bonnette blanche de lagne,
+nouee ou bridee par dessous le menton.--Brantome, _Vies des Dames
+Illustres_.
+
+  A beggar in his drink
+  Could not have laid such terms upon his callet.
+
+Shakespeare, _Othello_, act iv. sc. 2 (1611).
+
+CALLIM'ACHUS (_The Italian_), Filippo Buonaccorsi (1437-1496).
+
+CALLIR'RHOE (4 _syl._), the lady-love of Chae'reas, in a Greek romance
+entitled _The Loves of Choreas and Callirrhoe_, by Char'iton (eighth
+century).
+
+CALLIS'THENES (4 _syl._), a philosopher who accompanied Alexander the
+Great on his Oriental expedition. He refused to pay Alexander divine
+honors, for which he was accused of treason, and being mutilated, was
+chained in a cage for seven months like a wild beast. Lysimachus put
+an end to his tortures by poison.
+
+  Oh let me roll in Macedonian rays,
+  Or, like Callisthenes, be caged for life,
+  Rather than shine in fashions of the East.
+  N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. I (1678).
+
+CAL'MAR, son of Matha, lord of Lara (in Connaught). He is represented
+as presumptuous, rash, and overbearing, but gallant and generous.
+The very opposite of the temperate Connal, who advises caution and
+forethought. Calmar hurries Cuthullin into action, which ends in
+defeat. Connal comforts the general in his distress.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_, i.
+
+CAL'THON, brother of Col'mar, sons of Rathmor chief of Clutha (_the
+Clyde_). The father was murdered in his halls by Dunthalmo lord of
+Teutha (_the Tweed_), and the two boys were brought up by the murderer
+in his own house, and accompanied him in his wars. As they grew in
+years Dunthalmo fancied he perceived in their looks a something which
+excited his suspicions, so he shut them up in two separate dark caves
+on the banks of the Tweed. Colmal, daughter of Dunthalmo, dressed as
+a young warrior, liberated Calthon, and fled with him to Morven, to
+crave aid in behalf of the captive Colmar. Accordingly, Fingal sent
+his son Ossian with 300 men to effect his liberation. When Dunthalmo
+heard of the approach of this army, he put Colmar to death. Calthon,
+mourning for his brother, was captured, and bound to an oak; but at
+daybreak Ossian slew Dunthalmo, cut the thongs of Calthon, gave him
+to Colmal, and they lived happily in the halls of Teutha.--Ossian,
+_Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+CALYDON (_Prince of_), Meleager, famed for killing the Calydonian
+boar.--_Apollod._ i. 8. (See MELEAGER.)
+
+  As did the fatal brand Althaea burn'd,
+  Unto the prince's heart of Calydon.
+  Shakespeare, 2 _Henry VI._ act i. sc. 1 (1591).
+
+_Calydon_, a town of Aetolia, founded by Calydon. In Arthurian
+romance Calydon is a forest in the north of our island. Probably it is
+what Richard of Cirencester calls the "Caledonian Wood," westward of
+the Varar or Murray Frith.
+
+CALYDONIAN HUNT. Artemis, to punish Oeneus [_E.nuce_] king of
+Calydon, in Aetolia, for neglect, sent a monster boar to ravage his
+vineyards. His son Meleager collected together a large company to
+hunt it. The boar being killed, a dispute arose respecting the head,
+and this led to a war between the Curetes and Calydonians.
+
+A similar tale is told of Theseus (_2 syl._), who vanquished and
+killed the gigantic sow which ravaged the territory of Krommyon, near
+Corinth. (See KROMMYONIAN SOW.)
+
+CALYPSO, in _Telemaque_, a prose-epic by Fenelon, is meant for Mde.
+de Montespan. In mythology she was queen of the island Ogygia, on
+which Ulysses was wrecked, and where he was detained for seven years.
+
+She essayed after his departure to bring his son Telemachus under
+her spell. The lad, seeking the world through for his father, was
+preserved from the arts of the temptress by Mentor--Minerva in
+disguise.
+
+CALYPSO'S ISLE, Ogygia, a mythical island "in the navel of the sea."
+Some consider it to be Gozo, near Malta. Ogygia (_not the island_) is
+Boeotia, in Greece.
+
+CAMACHO, "richest of men," makes grand preparations for his wedding
+with Quiteria, "fairest of women," but as the bridal party are on
+their way, Basilius cheats him of his bride, by pretending to kill
+himself. As it is supposed that Basilius is dying, Quiteria is married
+to him as a mere matter of form, to soothe his last moments; but when
+the service is over, up jumps Basilius, and shows that his "mortal
+wounds" are a mere pretense.--Cervantes, an episode in _Don Quixote_,
+II. ii. 4 (1615).
+
+CAMANCHES (3 _syl._), or COMANCHES, an Indian tribe of Texas (United
+States).
+
+  It is a caravan, whitening the desert where dwell the Camanches.
+  Longfellow, _To the Driving Cloud_.
+
+CAMARALZAMAN, prince of "the Island of the Children of Khaledan,
+situate in the open sea, some twenty days' sail from the coast of
+Persia." He was the only child of Schahzaman and Fatima, king and
+queen of the island. He was very averse to marriage; but one night,
+by fairy influence, being shown Badoura, only child of the king of
+China, he fell in love with her and exchanged rings. Next day both
+inquired what had become of the other, and the question was deemed
+so ridiculous that each was thought to be mad. At length Marzavan
+(foster-brother of the princess) solved the mystery. He induced the
+prince Camaralzaman to go to China, where he was recognized by
+the princess and married her. (The name means "the moon of the
+period.")--_Arabian Nights_ ("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+CAMBALLO, the second son of Cambuscan king of Tartary, brother of
+Algarsife (_3 syl._) and Canace (_3 syl._). He fought with two
+knights who asked the lady Canace to wife, the terms being that none
+should have her till he had succeeded in worsting Camballo in combat.
+Chaucer does not give us the sequel of this tale, but Spenser says
+that three brothers, named Priamond, Diamond, and Triamond were
+suitors, and that Triamond won her. The mother of these three (all
+born at one birth) was Agape, who dwelt in Faery-land (bk. iv. 2).
+
+Spenser makes Cambina (daughter of Agape) the lady-love of Camballo.
+Camballo is also called Camballus and Cambel.
+
+_Camballo's Ring_, given him by his sister Canace, "had power to
+stanch all wounds that mortally did bleed."
+
+  Well mote ye wonder how that noble knight,
+  After he had so often wounded been,
+  Could stand on foot now to renew the fight ...
+  All was thro' virtue of the ring he wore;
+  The which not only did not from him let
+  One drop of blood to fall, but did restore
+  His weakened powers, and his dulled spirits whet.
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 2 (1596).
+
+CAMBEL, called by Chaucer Camballo, brother of Canace (_3 syl._). He
+challenged Every suitor to his sister's hand, and overthrew them all
+except Triamond. The match between Cambel and Triamond was so
+evenly balanced, that both would have been killed had not Cambina
+interfered. (See next art.)--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+CAMBINA, daughter of the fairy Agape (_3 syl._). She had been
+trained in magic by her mother, and when Camballo, son of Cambuscan,
+had slain two of her brothers and was engaged in deadly combat with
+the third (named Triamond), she appeared in the lists in her chariot
+drawn by two lions, and brought with her a cup of nepenthe, which had
+the power of converting hate to love, of producing oblivion of sorrow,
+and of inspiring the mind with celestial joy. Cambina touched the
+combatants with her wand and paralyzed them, then giving them the cup
+to drink, dissolved their animosity, assuaged their pains, and filled
+them with gladness. The end was that Camballo made Cambina his wife,
+and Triamond married Canace.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+CAMBUSCAN, king of Sarra, in the land of Tartary; the model of all
+royal virtues.
+
+  At Sarra, in the lond of Tartarie,
+  Ther dwelt a king that werreied Russie,
+  Through which ther died many a doughty man:
+  This noble king was cleped Cambuscan
+  Which in his time was of so great renoun
+  That ther n' as no wher in no regioun,
+  So excellent a lord in alle thing:
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  This noble king, this Tartre Cambuscan
+  Hadde two sones by Elfeta his wif,
+  Of which the eldest sone highte Algarsif
+  That other was ycleped Camballo.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+  A doughter had this worthy king also
+  That youngest was and highte Canace.
+  Chaucer, _The Squire's Tale_.
+
+Milton, in the Penseroso, alludes to the fact that the Squire's Tale
+was not finished:
+
+  Or call up him that left half told
+  The story of Cambuscan bold.
+
+CAMBYSES (3 _syl._), a pompous, ranting character in Preston's
+tragedy of that name,
+
+  I must speak in passion, and I will do it in
+  king Cambyses' vein.--Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_.
+  act ii. sc. 4 (1597).
+
+CAMBYSES AND SMERDIS. Cambyses king of Persia killed his brother
+Smerdis from the wild suspicion of a madman, and it is only charity to
+think that he was really _non compos mentis_.
+
+  Behold Cambises and his fatal daye ...
+  While he his brother Mergus cast to slaye,
+  A dreadful thing, his wittes were him bereft.
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_ ("The
+  Complaynt," 1587).
+
+CAMDEO, the god of love in Hindu mythology.
+
+CAMILLA, the virgin queen of the Volscians, famous for her fleetness
+of foot. She aided Turnus against AEneas.
+
+  Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,
+  Flies o'er th' unbending corn, or skims along the main.
+  Pope.
+
+_Camilla_, wife of Anselmo of Florence. Anselmo, in order to rejoice
+in her incorruptible fidelity, induced his friend Lothario to try to
+corrupt her. This he did, and Camilla was not trial-proof, but fell.
+Anselmo for a time was kept in the dark, but at the end Camilla eloped
+with Lothario. Anselmo died of grief, Lothario was slain in battle,
+and Camilla died in a convent.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 5, 6
+("Fatal Curiosity," 1605).
+
+_Camilla_, English girl, heroine of Miss Burney's novel of same name.
+
+_Camilla_, the heroine of _Signor Monaldini's Niece_, by Mary Agnes
+Tincker, a story of modern Rome (1879).
+
+CAMILLE (_2 syl._), in Corneille's tragedy of _Les Horaces_ (1639).
+When her brother meets her and bids her congratulate him for his
+victory over the three Curiatii, she gives utterance to her grief for
+the death of her lover. Horace says, "What! can you prefer a man
+to the interests of Rome?" Whereupon Camille denounces Rome, and
+concludes with these words: "Oh, that it were my lot!" When Mdlle.
+Rachel first appeared in the character of "Camille," she took Paris by
+storm (1838).
+
+  Voir le dernier Romain a son dernier soupir,
+  Moi seule en etre cause, et mourir de plaisir.
+
+ Whitehead has dramatized the subject and called it _The Roman
+Father_ (1741).
+
+_Camille_, one of the Parisian _demi-monde_. She meets and loves
+Armand Duval. Camille is besought by Duval _pere_ to leave her lover,
+whose prospects are ruined by the _liaison_. She quits him, returns to
+her former life, and dies of consumption in the arms of her lover,
+who has just found her after a long search.--A. Dumas, _La Dame aux
+Camelias_.
+
+CAMILLO, a lord in the Sicilian court, and a very good man. Being
+commanded by king Leontes to poison Polixenes, instead of doing so he
+gave him warning, and fled with him to Bohemia. When Polixenes ordered
+his son Florizel to abandon Perdita, Camillo persuaded the young
+lovers to seek refuge in Sicily, and induced Leontes, the king
+thereof, to protect them. As soon as Polixenes discovered that Perdita
+was Leontes' daughter, he readily consented to the union which before
+he had forbidden.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+CAMIOLA, "the maid of honor," a lady of great wealth, noble spirit,
+and great beauty. She loved Bertoldo (brother of Roberto king of the
+two Sicilies), and when Bertoldo was taken prisoner at Sienna, paid
+his ransom. Bertoldo before his release was taken before Aurelia
+the duchess of Sienna. Aurelia fell in love with him, and proposed
+marriage, an offer which Bertoldo accepted. The betrothed then went to
+Palermo to be introduced to the king, when Camiola exposed the conduct
+of the base young prince. Roberto was disgusted at his brother,
+Aurelia rejected him with scorn, and Camiola retired to a
+nunnery.--Massinger, _The Maid of Honor_ (1637).
+
+CAMPASPE (3 _syl._), mistress of Alexander. He gave her up to
+Apelles, who had fallen in love with her while painting her
+likeness.--Pliny, _Hist_. xxxv. 10.
+
+John Lyly produced, in 1583, a drama entitled _Cupid and Campaspe_, in
+which is the well-known lyric:
+
+  Cupid and my Campaspe played
+  At cards for kisses: Cupid paid.
+
+CAMPBELL (_Captain_), called "Green Colin Campbell," or Barcaldine (3
+_syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The Highland Widow_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Campbell (General)_, called "Black Colin Campbell," in the king's
+service. He suffers the papist conspirators to depart unpunished.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+_Campbell (Sir Duncan)_, knight of Ardenvohr, in the marquis of
+Argyll's army. He was sent as ambassador to the earl of Montrose.
+
+_Lady Mary Campbell_, sir Duncan's wife.
+
+_Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck_, an officer in the army of the
+marquis of Argyll.
+
+_Murdoch Campbell_, a name assumed by the marquis of Argyll. Disguised
+as a servant, he visited Dalgetty and M'Eagh in the dungeon, but the
+prisoners overmastered him, bound him fast, locked him in the dungeon,
+and escaped.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+_Campbell (The lady Mary)_, daughter of the duke of Argyll.
+
+_The lady Caroline Campbell_, sister of lady Mary.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+CAMPEADOR [_Kam.pay.dor_], the Cid, who was called _Mio Cid el
+Campeador_ ("my lord the champion"). "Cid" is a corruption of _said_
+("lord").
+
+CAMPO-BASSO (_The count of_), an officer in the duke of Burgundy's
+army, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels, _Quentin Durward_ and
+_Anne of Geierstein_, both laid in the time of Edward IV.
+
+CANACE (3 _syl._), daughter of Cambuscan, and the paragon of women.
+Chaucer left the tale half told, but Spenser makes a crowd of suitors
+woo her. Her brother Cambel or Camballo resolved that none should
+win his sister who did not first overthrow him in fight. At length
+Triamond sought her hand, and was so nearly matched in fight with
+Camballo, that both would have been killed, if Cambina, daughter of
+the fairy Agape (3 _syl._), had not interfered. Cambina gave the
+wounded combatants nepenthe, which had the power of converting enmity
+to love; so the combatants ceased from fight, Camballo took the fair
+Cambina to wife, and Triamond married Canace.--Chaucer, _Squire's
+Tale_; Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 3 (1596).
+
+_Canace's Mirror_, a mirror which told the inspectors if the persons
+on whom they set their affections would prove true or false.
+
+_Canace's Ring_. The king of Araby and Ind sent Canace, daughter of
+Cambuscan (king of Sarra, in Tartary), a ring which enabled her to
+understand the language of birds, and to know the medical virtues of
+all herbs.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Squire's Tale," 1388).
+
+
+CANDACE, negro cook in _The Minister's Wooing_, by Harriet Beecher
+Stowe. She reverences Dr. Hopkins, but is slow to admit his dogma of
+Imputed Sin in Consequence of Adam's Transgression (1859).
+
+CANDAULES (_3 syl._), king of Lydia, who exposed the charms of his
+wife to Gyges. The queen was so indignant that she employed Gyges to
+murder her husband. She then married the assassin, who became king of
+Lydia, and reigned twenty-eight years (B.C. 716-688).
+
+CANDAYA (_The kingdom of_), situate between the great Trapobana and
+the South Sea, a couple of leagues beyond cape Comorin.--Cervantes,
+_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4 (1615).
+
+CANDIDE (_2 syl._), the hero of Voltaire's novel of the same name. He
+believes that "all things are for the best in the best of all possible
+worlds."
+
+  Voltaire says "No." He tells you that Candide
+  Found life most tolerable after meals.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, v. 31 (1820).
+
+CANDOUR (_Mrs._), the beau-ideal of female backbiters.--Sheridan, _The
+School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+CANIDIA, a Neapolitan, beloved by the poet Horace. When she deserted
+him, he held her up to contempt as an old sorceress who could by
+charms unsphere the moon.--Horace, _Epodes_, v. and xvii.
+
+  Such a charm were right Canidian.
+  Mrs. Browning, _Hector in the Garden_, iv.
+
+CANMORE or GREAT-HEAD, Malcolm III. of Scotland (1057-1093).--Sir W.
+Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 4.
+
+CANNING (_George_), statesman (1770-1827). Charles Lamb calls him:
+
+  St. Stephen's fool, the zany of debate.
+  _Sonnet in "The Champion_."
+
+CANOPOS, Menelaeos's pilot, killed in the return voyage from Troy by
+the bite of a serpent. The town Canoepos (Latin, _Canopus_) was built
+on the site where the pilot was buried.
+
+CANTAB, a member of the University of Cambridge. The word is a
+contraction of the Latin _Cantabrigia_.
+
+CANTACUZENE (_4 syl._), a noble Greek family, which has furnished
+two emperors of Constantinople, and several princes of Moldavia and
+Wallachia. The family still survives.
+
+  We mean to show that the Cantacuzenes are
+  not the only princely family in the world.--D'Israeli,
+  _Lothaire_.
+
+  There are other members of the Cantacuzene
+  family besides myself.--Ditto.
+
+_Cantacuzene_ (_Michael_), the grand sewer of Alexius Comnenus,
+emperor of Greece.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_. (time,
+Rufus).
+
+CANTERBURY TALES. Eighteen tales told by a company of pilgrims going
+to visit the shrine of "St. Thomas a Becket" at Canterbury. The party
+first assembled at the Tabard, an inn in Southwark, and there agreed
+to tell one tale each both going and returning, and the person who
+told the best tale was to be treated by the rest to a supper at the
+Tabard on the homeward journey. The party consisted of twenty-nine
+pilgrims, so that the whole budget of tales should have been
+fifty-eight, but only eighteen of the number were told, not one being
+on the homeward route. The chief of these tales are: "The Knight's
+Tale" (_Palamon and Arcite, 2 syl._); "The Man of Law's Tale"
+(_Custance, 2 syl._); "The Wife of Bath's Tale" (_A Knight_); "The
+Clerk's Tale" (_Grisildis_); "The Squire's Tale" (_Cambuscan_,
+incomplete); "The Franklin's Tale" _(Dor'igen and Arvir'agus)_;
+"The Prioress's Tale" (_Hugh of Lincoln_); "The Priest's Tale"
+(_Chanticleer and Partelite_); "The Second Nun's Tale" (_St.
+Cecil'ia_); "The Doctor's Tale" (_Virginia_); "The Miller's Tale"
+(_John the Carpenter and Alison_); and "The Merchant's Tale" (_January
+and May_) (1388).
+
+CANTON, the Swiss valet of lord Ogleby. He has to skim the morning
+papers and serve out the cream of them to his lordship at breakfast,
+"with good emphasis and good discretion." He laughs at all his
+master's jokes, flatters him to the top of his bent, and speaks of him
+as a mere chicken compared to himself, though his lordship is seventy
+and Canton about fifty. Lord Ogleby calls him his "cephalic snuff,
+and no bad medicine against megrims, vertigoes, and profound
+thinkings."--Colman and Garrick, _The Clandestine Marriage_ (1766).
+
+CAN'TRIPS (_Mrs._), a quondam friend of Nanty Ewart, the
+smuggler-captain.
+
+_Jessie Cantrips_, her daughter.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CANT'WELL (Dr.), the hypocrite, the English representative of
+Moliere's Tartuffe. He makes religious cant the instrument of gain,
+luxurious living, and sensual indulgence. His overreaching and
+dishonorable conduct towards lady Lambert and her daughter gets
+thoroughly exposed, and at last he is arrested as a swindler.--I.
+Bicker staff, _The Hypocrite_ (1768).
+
+Dr. Cantwell ... the meek and saintly hypocrite.
+
+L. Hunt.
+
+CANUTE' or CNUT and EDMUND IRONSIDE. William of Malmesbury says:
+When Canute and Edmund were ready for their sixth battle in
+Gloucestershire, it was arranged between them to decide their
+respective claims by single combat. Cnut was a small man, and Edmund
+both tall and strong; so Cnut said to his adversary, "We both lay
+claim to the kingdom in right of our fathers; let us therefore divide
+it and make peace;" and they did so.
+
+  Canutus of the two that furthest was from hope ...
+  Cries, "Noble Edmund hold! Let us the land divide."
+  ... and all aloud do cry,
+  "Courageous kings, divide! 'Twere pity such should die."
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+CANUTE'S BIRD, the knot, a corruption of "Knut," the _Cinclus
+bellonii_, of which king Canute was extremely fond.
+
+  The knot, that called was Canutus' bird of old,
+  Of that great king of Danes, his name that still doth hold,
+  His appetite to please ... from Denmark hither brought.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxv. (1622).
+
+CANYNGE (_Sir William_) is represented in the _Rowley Romance_ as a
+rich, God-fearing merchant, devoting much money to the Church,
+and much to literature. He was, in fact, a Maecenas of princely
+hospitality, living in the Red House. The priest Rowley was his
+"Horace."--Chatterton (1752-1770).
+
+CAP (_Charles_), uncle of Mabel Dunham in Cooper's _Pathfinder_
+(1849). He is a sea-captain who insists in sailing a vessel upon the
+great northern lakes as he would upon the Atlantic, but, despite his
+pragmatic self-conceit, is nonplussed by the Thousand Islands.
+
+
+"And you expect me, a stranger on your lake, to find this place
+without chart, course, distance, latitude, longitude, or soundings?
+Allow me to ask if you think a mariner runs by his nose, like one of
+Pathfinder's hounds?"
+
+Having by a series of blunders consequent upon this course, brought
+schooners and crew to the edge of destruction, he shows heart
+by regretting that his niece is on board, and philosophy with
+professional pride by the conclusion:--
+
+"We must take the bad with the good in every v'y'ge, and the only
+serious objection that an old sea-captain can with propriety make to
+such an event, is that it should happen on this bit of d--d fresh
+water."
+
+CAPABILITY BROWN, Launcelot Brown, the English landscape gardener
+(1715-1783).
+
+CAP'ANEUS (3 _syl_.) a man of gigantic stature, enormous strength,
+and headlong valor. He was impious to the gods, but faithful to his
+friends. Capaneus was one of the seven heroes who marched against
+Thebes (1 _syl_.), and was struck dead by a thunderbolt for declaring
+that not Jupiter himself should prevent his scaling the city walls.
+
+CAPITAN, a boastful, swaggering coward, in several French farces and
+comedies prior to the time of Moliere.
+
+CAPONSAC'CHI (_Guiseppe_), the young priest under whose protection
+Pompilia fled from her husband to Rome. The husband and _his_ friends
+said the elopement was criminal; but Pompilia, Caponsacchi, and
+_their_ friends maintained that the young canon simply acted the part
+of a chivalrous protector of a young woman who was married at fifteen,
+and who fled from a brutal husband who ill-treated her.--R. Browning,
+_The Ring and the Book_.
+
+CAPSTERN (_Captain_), captain of an East
+
+Indiaman, at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's Daughter_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+CAPTAIN, Manuel Comnenus of Trebizond (1120, 1143-1180).
+
+_Captain of Kent_. So Jack Cade called himself (died 1450).
+
+_The Great Captain (el Gran Capitano)_, Gonzalvo di Cordova
+(1453-1515).
+
+_The People's Captain (el Capitano del Popolo_), Guiseppe Garibaldi
+(1807-).
+
+_Captain (A Copper)_, a poor captain, whose swans are all geese,
+his jewellry paste, his guineas counters, his achievements
+tongue-doughtiness, and his whole man Brummagem. See _Copper Captain_.
+
+_Captain (The Black)_, lieutenant-colonel Dennis Davidoff of the
+Russian army. In the French invasion he was called by the French _Le
+Capitaine Noir_.
+
+CAPTAIN LOYS [_Lo.is_]. Louise Labe was so called, because in early
+life she embraced the profession of arms, and gave repeated proofs of
+great valor. She was also called _La Belle Cordiere_. Louise Labe was
+a poetess, and has left several sonnets full of passion, and some good
+elegies (1526-1566).
+
+CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN! fallen leader apostrophized by Walt Whitman in
+his lines upon the death of President Lincoln (1865).
+
+  O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells!
+  Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills;
+  For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding;
+  For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.
+
+  Here, Captain! dear father!
+  This arm beneath your head!
+  It is some dream that on the deck
+  You've fallen cold and dead.
+
+CAPTAIN RIGHT, a fictitious commander, the ideal of the rights due to
+Ireland. In the last century the peasants of Ireland were sworn to
+captain Right, as chartists were sworn to their articles of demand
+called their _charter_. Shakespeare would have furnished them with
+a good motto, "Use every man after his desert, and who shall 'scape
+whipping?" (_Hamlet_, act ii. sc. 2).
+
+CAPTAIN ROCK, a fictitious name assumed by the leader of certain Irish
+insurgents in 1822, etc. All notices, summonses, and so on, were
+signed by this name.
+
+CAP'ULET, head of a noble house of Verona, in feudal enmity with the
+house of Mon'tague (3 syl). Lord Capulet is a jovial, testy old man,
+self-willed, prejudiced, and tyrannical.
+
+_Lady Capulet_, wife of lord Capulet and mother of
+Juliet.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_ (1598).
+
+CAPYS, a blind old seer, who prophesied to Romulus the military
+triumphs of Rome from its foundation to the destruction of Carthage.
+
+  In the hall-gate sat Capys,
+  Capys the sightless seer;
+  From head to foot he trembled
+  As Romulus drew near.
+  And up stood stiff his thin white hair,
+  And his blind eyes flashed fire.
+
+Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ ("The Prophecy of Capys," xi.).
+
+CAR'ABAS (_Le marquis de_), an hypothetical title to express a
+fossilized old aristocrat, who supposed the whole world made for his
+behoof. The "king owes his throne to him;" he can "trace his pedigree
+to Pepin;" his youngest son is "sure of a mitre;" he is too noble "to
+pay taxes;" the very priests share their tithes with him; the country
+was made for his "hunting-ground;" and, therefore, as Beranger says:
+
+  Chapeau bas! chapeau bas!
+  Gloire au marquis de Carabas!
+
+The name occurs in Perrault's tale of _Puss in Boots_, but it is
+Beranger's song (1816) which has given the word its present meaning.
+
+CARACCI OF FRANCE, Jean Jouvenet, who was paralyzed on the right
+side, and painted with his left hand (1647-1707).
+
+CARACTACUS OR CARADOC, king of the Silures (_Monmouthshire_, etc.).
+For nine years he withstood the Roman arms, but being defeated
+by Ostorius Scapula the Roman general, he escaped to Brigantia
+(_Yorkshire_, etc.) to crave the aid of Carthismandua (or
+Cartimandua), a Roman matron married to Venutius, chief of those
+parts. Carthismandua betrayed him to the Romans, A.D. 47.--Richard of
+Cirencester, _Ancient State of Britain_, i. 6, 23.
+
+Caradoc was led captive to Rome, A.D. 51, and, struck with the
+grandeur of that city, exclaimed, "Is it possible that a people so
+wealthy and luxurious can envy me a humble cottage in Britain?"
+Claudius the emperor was so charmed with his manly spirit and bearing
+that he released him and craved his friendship.
+
+Drayton says that Caradoc went to Rome with body naked, hair to the
+waist, girt with a chain of steel, and his "manly breast enchased with
+sundry shapes of beasts. Both his wife and children were captives, and
+walked with him."--_Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+CARACUL (_i.e. Caraeatta_), son and successor of Severus the Roman
+emperor. In A.D. 210 he made an expedition against the Caledonians,
+but was defeated by Fingal. Aurelius Antoninus was called "Caracalla"
+because he adopted the Gaulish _caracalla_ in preference to the Roman
+_toga_.--Ossian, _Comala_.
+
+The Caracul of Fingal is no other than Caracalla, who (as the son of
+Severus) the emperor of Rome ... was not without reason called "The
+Son of the King of the World." This was A.D. 210.--_Dissertation on
+the Era of Ossian_.
+
+CARACULIAM'BO, the hypothetical giant of the island of Malindra'ma,
+whom don Quixote imagines he may one day conquer and make to kneel at
+the foot of his imaginary lady-love.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.i.1
+(1605).
+
+CAR'ADOC OR CRADOCK, a knight of the Round Table. He was husband of
+the only lady in the queen's train who could wear "the mantle of
+matrimonial fidelity." This mantle fitted only chaste and virtuous
+wives; thus, when queen Guenever tried it on--
+
+  One while it was too long, another while too short,
+  And wrinkled on her shoulders in most unseemly sort.
+
+Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).
+
+_Sir Caradoc and the Boar's Head_. The boy who brought the test mantle
+of fidelity to king Arthur's court drew a wand three times across a
+boar's head, and said, "There's never a cuckold who can carve that
+head of brawn." Knight after knight made the attempt, but only sir
+Cradock could carve the brawn.
+
+_Sir Cradock and the Drinking-horn._ The boy furthermore brought
+forth a drinking-horn, and said, "No cuckold can drink from that horn
+without spilling the liquor." Only Cradock succeeded, and "he wan the
+golden can."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Boy and the Mantle," III. iii. 18).
+
+CARADOC OF MEN'WYGENT, the younger bard of Gwenwyn prince of
+Powys-land. The elder bard of the prince was Cadwallon.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+CARATACH OR CARACTACUS, a British king brought captive before the
+emperor Claudius in A.D. 52. He had been betrayed by Cartimandua.
+Claudius set him at liberty.
+
+  And Beaumont's pilfered Caratach affords
+  A tragedy complete except in words.
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+(Byron alludes to the "spectacle" of _Caractacus_ produced by
+Thomas Sheridan at Drury Lane Theatre. It was Beaumont's tragedy of
+_Bonduca_, minus the dialogue.)
+
+  Digges [1720-1786] was the very absolute
+  "Caratach." The solid bulk of his frame, his
+  action, his voice, all marked him with identity.
+  Boaden, _Life of Siddons_.
+
+CARATHIS, mother of the caliph Vathek. She was a Greek, and
+induced her son to study necromancy, held in abhorrence by all good
+Mussulmans. When her son threatened to put to death every one who
+attempted without success to read the inscription of certain sabres,
+Carathis wisely said, "Content yourself, my son, with commanding their
+beards to be burnt. Beards are less essential to a state than men."
+She was ultimately carried by an afrit to the abyss of Eblis, in
+punishment of her many crimes.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+CARAUSIUS, the first British emperor (237-294). His full name was
+Marcus Aurelius Valerius Carausius, and as emperor of Britain he was
+accepted by Diocletian and Maximian; but after a vigorous reign of
+seven years he was assassinated by Allectus, who succeeded him as
+"emperor of Britain."--See Gibbon, _Decline and Fall, etc._, ii. 13.
+
+CARDAN (_Jerome_) of Pavia (1501-1576), a great mathematician and
+astrologer. He professed to have a demon or familiar spirit, who
+revealed to him the secrets of nature.
+
+CARDEN (_Grace_), lovely girl with whom Henry Little (an artisan) and
+Frederick Coventry, gentleman, are enamored. Beguiled by Coventry into
+a belief that Little is dead, she consents to the marriage ceremony
+with his rival. Little reappears on the wedding-day, and she refuses
+to live with her husband. The marriage is eventually set aside, and
+Grace Carden espouses Henry Little.--Charles Reade, _Put Yourself in
+His Place_.
+
+CARDENIO of Andalusia, of opulent parents, fell in love with
+Lucinda, a lady of equal family and fortune, to whom he was formally
+engaged. Don Fernando his friend, however, prevailed on Lucinda's
+father, by artifice, to break off the engagement and promise Lucinda
+to himself, "contrary to her wish, and in violation of every principle
+of honor." This drove Cardenio mad, and he haunted the Sierra Morena
+or Brown Mountain for about six months, as a maniac with lucid
+intervals. On the wedding-day Lucinda swooned, and a letter informed
+the bridegroom that she was married to Cardenio. Next day she
+privately left her father's house and took refuge in a convent; but
+being abducted by don Fernando, she was carried to an inn, where
+Fernando found Dorothea his wife, and Cardenio the husband of Lucinda.
+All parties were now reconciled, and the two gentlemen paired
+respectively with their proper wives.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I.
+iv. (1605).
+
+CARE, described as a blacksmith, who "worked all night and day." His
+bellows, says Spenser, are Pensiveness and Sighs.--_Faery Queen_, iv.
+5 (1596).
+
+CARE'LESS, one of the boon companions of Charles Surface.--Sheridan,
+_School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+_Care'less (Colonel)_, an officer of high spirits and mirthful temper,
+who seeks to win Ruth (the daughter of sir Basil Thoroughgood) for his
+wife.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.
+
+This farce is a mere _rechauffe_ of _The Committee_, by the hon. sir
+R. Howard. The names "colonel Careless" and "Ruth" are the same, but
+"Ruth" says her proper Christian name is "Anne."
+
+_Careless_, in _The Committee_, was the part for which Joseph Ashbury
+(1638-1720) was celebrated.--Chetwood, _History of the Stage._
+
+(_The Committee_, recast by T. Knight, is called _The Honest
+Thieves_.)
+
+_Careless (Ned)_, makes love to lady Pliant.--W. Congreve, _The Double
+Dealer_ (1700).
+
+CARELESS HUSBAND _(The)_, a comedy by Colley Cibber (1704). The
+"careless husband" is sir Charles Easy, who has amours with different
+persons, but is so careless that he leaves his love-letters about, and
+even forgets to lock the door when he has made a _liaison_, so that
+his wife knows all; yet so sweet is her temper, and under such entire
+control, that she never reproaches him, nor shows the slightest
+indication of jealousy. Her confidence so wins upon her husband that
+he confesses to her his faults, and reforms entirely the evil of his
+ways.
+
+CAREME _(Jean de), chef de cuisine_ of Leo X. This was a name given
+him by the pope for an admirable _soupe maigre_ which he invented
+for Lent. A descendant of Jean was _chef_ to the prince regent, at
+a salary of L1000 per annum, but he left this situation because the
+prince had only a _menage bourgeois_, and entered the service of baron
+Rothschild at Paris (1784-1833).
+
+CAREY, innocent-faced rich young dude in Ellen Olney Kirk's novel, _A
+Daughter of Eve_ (1889).
+
+_Carey (Patrick)_, the poet brother of lord Falkland, introduced by
+sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+CAR'GILL _(The Rev. Josiah_), minister of St. Ronan's Well, tutor of
+the hon. Augustus Bidmore (2 _syl_.), and the suitor of Miss Augusta
+Bidmore, his pupil's sister.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CARI'NO, father of Zeno'cia, the chaste troth-plight wife of
+Arnoldo (the lady dishonorably pursued by the governor count
+Clodio).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+CAR'KER _(James)_, manager in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant.
+Carker was a man of forty, of a florid complexion, with very
+glistening white teeth, which showed conspicuously when he spoke. His
+smile was like "the snarl of a cat." He was the Alas'tor of the house
+of Dombey, for he not only brought the firm to bankruptcy, but he
+seduced Alice Marwood (cousin of Edith, Dombey's second wife), and
+also induced Edith to elope with him. Edith left the wretch at Dijon,
+and Carker, returning to England, was run over by a railway train and
+killed.
+
+_John Carker_, the elder brother, a junior clerk in the same firm. He
+twice robbed it and was forgiven.
+
+_Harriet Carker_, a gentle, beautiful young woman, who married Mr.
+Morfin, one of the _employes_ in the house of Mr. Dombey, merchant.
+When her elder brother John fell into disgrace by robbing his
+employer, Harriet left the house of her brother James (the manager) to
+live with and cheer her disgraced brother John.--C. Dickens, _Dombey
+and Son_ (1846).
+
+CARLETON (_Captain_), an officer in the Guards.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+
+CARLISLE (_Frederick Howard, earl of_), uncle and guardian of lord
+Byron (1748-1826). His tragedies are _The Father's Revenge_ and
+_Bellamere_.
+
+  The paralytic puling of Carlisle...
+  Lord, rhymester, _petit-maitre_, pamphleteer.
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+CARLOS, elder son of don Antonio, and the favorite of his paternal
+uncle Lewis. Carlos is a great bookworm, but when he falls in love
+with Angelina he throws off his diffidence and becomes bold, resolute,
+and manly. His younger brother is Clodio, a mere coxcomb.--C. Cibber,
+_Love Makes a Man_ (1694).
+
+_Carlos_ (under the assumed name of the marquis D'Antas) married
+Ogarita, but as the marriage was effected under a false name it was
+not binding, and Ogarita left Carlos to marry Horace de Brienne.
+Carlos was a great villain: he murdered a man to steal from him the
+plans of some Californian mines. Then embarking in the _Urania_, he
+induced the crew to rebel in order to obtain mastery of the ship.
+"Gold was the object of his desire, and gold he obtained." Ultimately,
+his villainies being discovered, he was given up to the hands of
+justice.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+_Carlos (Don)_, son of Philip II. of Portugal; deformed in person,
+violent and vindictive in disposition. Don Carlos was to have married
+Elizabeth of France, but his father supplanted him. Subsequently he
+expected to marry the arch-duchess Anne, daughter of the emperor
+Maximilian, but her father opposed the match. In 1564 Philip II.
+settled the succession on Rodolph and Ernest, his nephews, declaring
+Carlos incapable. This drove Carlos into treason, and he joined the
+Netherlands in a war against his father. He was apprehended and
+condemned to death, but was killed in prison. This has furnished the
+subject of several tragedies: _i.e._, Otway's _Don Carlos_ (1672), in
+English; those of J.G. de Campistron (1683) and M.J. de Chenier (1789)
+in French; J.C.F. Schiller (1798) in German; Alfieri in Italian, about
+the same time.
+
+_Car'los (Don)_, the friend of don Alonzo, and the betrothed husband
+of Leono'ra, whom he resigns to Alonzo out of friendship. After
+marriage, Zanga induces Alonzo to believe that Leonora and don Carlos
+entertain a criminal love for each other, whereupon Alonzo, out of
+jealousy, has Carlos put to death, and Leonora kills herself.--Edward
+Young, _The Revenge_ (1721).
+
+_Carlos (Don)_, husband of donna Victoria. He gave the deeds of his
+wife's estate to donna Laura, a courtesan, and Victoria, in order to
+recover them, assumed the disguise of a man, took the name of Florio,
+and made love to her. Having secured a footing, Florio introduced
+Gaspar as the wealthy uncle of Victoria, and Gaspar told Laura the
+deeds in her hand were utterly worthless. Laura in a fit of temper
+tore them to atoms, and thus Carlos recovered the estate and was
+rescued from impending ruin.--Mrs. Cowley, _A Bold Stroke for a
+Husband_ (1782).
+
+CARLTON (_Admiral George_), George IV., author of _The Voyage of--in
+search of Loyalty_, a poetic epistle (1820).
+
+CARMEN, the fisherman's wife who, in Lufcadio Hearn's story _Chita_,
+adopts the baby dragged by her husband from the surf, and takes it to
+her heart in place of the child she has lost (1889).
+
+_Carmen (Eschelle)_, beautiful, ambitious, and intriguing New York
+society girl.--Charles Dudley Warner, _A Little Journey in the World_
+(1889).
+
+CARMILHAN, the "phantom ship." The captain of this ship swore he
+would double the Cape, whether God willed it or not, for which impious
+vow he was doomed to abide forever and ever captain in the same
+vessel, which always appears near the Cape, but never doubles it. The
+kobold of the phantom ship is named Klaboterman, a kobold who helps
+sailors at their work, but beats those who are idle. When a vessel is
+doomed the kobold appears smoking a short pipe, dressed in yellow, and
+wearing a night-cap.
+
+CARO, the Flesh or "natural man" personified. Phineas Fletcher says
+"this dam of sin" is a hag of loathsome shape, arrayed in steel,
+polished externally, but rusty within. On her shield is the device
+of a mermaid, with the motto, "Hear, Gaze, and Die."--_The Purple
+Island_, vii. (1633).
+
+CAROLINE, queen-consort of George II., introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_The Heart of Midlothian_. Jeanie Deans has an interview with her in
+the gardens at Richmond, and her majesty promises to intercede with
+the king for Effie Deans's pardon.
+
+CAROS OR CARAUSIUS, a Roman captain, native of Belgic Gaul. The
+emperor Maximian employed Caros to defend the coast of Gaul against
+the Franks and Saxons. He acquired great wealth and power, but fearing
+to excite the jealousy of Maximian, he sailed for Britain, where (in
+A.D. 287) he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor. Caros resisted
+all attempts of the Romans to dislodge him, so that they ultimately
+acknowledged his independence. He repaired Agricola's wall to obstruct
+the incursions of the Caledonians, and while he was employed on this
+work was attacked by a party commanded by Oscar, son of Ossian and
+grandson of Fingal. "The warriors of Caros fled, and Oscar remained
+like a rock left by the ebbing sea."--Ossian, _The War of Caros_.
+
+CARPATH'IAN WIZARD (_The_), Proteus (2 _syl_.), who lived in the
+island of Car'pathos, in the Archipelago. He was a wizard, who could
+change his form at will. Being the sea-god's shepherd, he carried a
+crook.
+
+[_By_] the Carpathian wizard's book [_crook_]. Milton, _Comus_, 872
+(1634).
+
+CARPET (_Prince Housain's_), a magic carpet, to all appearances quite
+worthless, but it would transport any one who sat on it to any part
+of the world in a moment. This carpet is sometimes called "the magic
+carpet of Tangu," because it came from Tangu, in Persia.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Prince Ahmed").
+
+_Carpet_ (_Solomon's_). Solomon had a green silk carpet, on which his
+throne was set. This carpet was large enough for all his court to
+stand on; human beings stood on the right side of the throne, and
+spirits on the left. When Solomon wished to travel he told the wind
+where to set him down, and the carpet with all its contents rose into
+the air and alighted at the proper place. In hot weather the birds
+of the air, with outspread wings, formed a canopy over the whole
+party.--Sale, _Koran_, xxvii. (notes).
+
+CARPIL'LONA (_Princess_), the daughter of Subli'mus king of the
+Peaceable Islands. Sublimus, being dethroned by a usurper, was with
+his wife, child, and a foundling boy thrown into a dungeon, and kept
+there for three years. The four captives then contrived to escape;
+but the rope which held the basket in which Carpillona was let down
+snapped asunder, and she fell into the lake. Sublimus and the other
+two lived in retirement as a shepherd family, and Carpillona, being
+rescued by a fisherman, was brought up by him as his daughter. When
+the "Humpbacked" Prince dethroned the usurper of the Peaceable
+Islands, Carpillona was one of the captives, and the "Humpbacked"
+Prince wanted to make her his wife; but she fled in disguise, and
+came to the cottage home of Sublimus, where she fell in love with his
+foster-son, who proved to be half-brother of the "Humpbacked" Prince.
+Ultimately, Carpillona married the foundling, and each succeeded to
+a kingdom.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona,"
+1682).
+
+CAR'PIO (_Bernardo del_), natural son of don Sancho, and dona Ximena,
+surnamed "The Chaste." It was Bernardo del Carpio who slew Roland at
+Roncesvalles (4 _syl._). In Spanish romance he is a very conspicuous
+figure.
+
+CARRAS'CO (_Samson_), son of Bartholomew Carrasco. He is a licentiate
+of much natural humor, who flatters don Quixote, and persuades him to
+undertake a second tour.
+
+CARRIER _(Martha)_, a Salem goodwife, tried and executed for
+witchcraft. To Rev. Cotton Mather's narrative of her crimes and
+punishment is appended this memorandum:
+
+This rampant hag, Martha Carrier, was the person of whom the
+confessions of the witches, and of her own children among the rest,
+agreed that the devil had promised her she should be Queen of
+Hell.--Cotton Mather, _The Wonders of the Invisible World_ (1693).
+
+CARRIL, the gray-headed, son of Kinfe'na bard of Cuthullin, general of
+the Irish tribes.--Ossian, _Fingal_.
+
+CARRLLLO _(Fray)_ was never to be found in his own cell, according to
+a famous Spanish epigram.
+
+Like Fray Carillo, the only place in which one cannot find him Is his
+own cell.
+
+Longfellow, _The Spanish Student_, i. 5.
+
+CAR'ROL, deputy usher at Kenilworth Castle.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+CAR'STONE _(Richard)_, cousin of Ada Clare, both being wards in
+Chancery interested in the great suit of "Jarndyce _v_. Jarndyce."
+Richard Carstone is a "handsome youth, about nineteen, of ingenuous
+face, and with a most engaging laugh." He marries his cousin Ada, and
+lives in hope that the suit will soon terminate and make him rich. In
+the meantime he tries to make two ends meet, first by the profession
+of medicine, then by that of law, then by the army; but the rolling
+stone gathers no moss, and the poor fellow dies of the sickness of
+hope deferred.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CARTAPH'ILUS, the Wandering Jew of _Jewish_ story. Tradition says he
+was doorkeeper of the judgment-hall, in the service of Pontius Pilate,
+and, as he led our Lord from the judgment-hall, struck Him, saying
+"Get on! Faster, Jesus!" Whereupon the Man of Sorrows replied, "I am
+going fast, Cartaphilus; but tarry thou till I come again." After
+the crucifixion, Cartaphilus was baptized by the same Anani'as who
+baptized Paul, and received the name of Joseph. At the close of every
+century he falls into a trance, and wakes up after a time a young man
+about thirty years of age.--_Book of the Chronicles of the Abbey of
+St. Allans_.
+
+(This "book" was copied and continued by Matthew Paris, and contains
+the earliest account of the Wandering Jew, A.D. 1228. In 1242 Philip
+Mouskes, afterwards bishop of Tournay, wrote the "rhymed chronicle.")
+
+CARTER _(Mrs. Deborah_), housekeeper to Surplus the lawyer.--J. M.
+Morton, _A Regular Fix_.
+
+CAR'THAGE (2 _syl_.). When Dido came to Africa she bought of the
+natives "as much land as could be encompassed with a bull's hide." The
+agreement being made, Dido cut the hide into thongs, so as to enclose
+a space sufficiently large for a citadel, which she called Bursa "the
+hide." (Greek, _bursa_, "a bull's hide.")
+
+The following is a similar story in Russian history:--The Yakutsks
+granted to the Russian explorers as much land as they could encompass
+with a cow's hide; but the Russians, cutting the hide into strips,
+obtained land enough for the town and fort which they called Yakutsk.
+
+CARTHAGE OF THE NORTH. Luebeck was so called when it was the head of
+the Hanseatic League.
+
+CAR'THON, son of Cless'ammor and Moina, was born while Clessammor was
+in flight, and his mother died in childbirth. When he was three
+years old, Comhal (Fingal's father) took and burnt Balclutha (a town
+belonging to the Britons, on the Clyde), but Carthon was carried away
+safely by his nurse. When grown to man's estate, Carthon resolved to
+revenge this attack on Balclutha, and accordingly invaded Morven, the
+kingdom of Fingal. After overthrowing two of Fingal's heroes, Carthon
+was slain by his own father, who knew him not; but when Clessammor
+learnt that it was his own son whom he had slain, he mourned for him
+three days, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian, _Carthon_.
+
+CAR'TON _(Sydney)_, a friend of Charles Darnay, whom he personally
+resembled. Sydney Carton loved Lucie Manette, but knowing of her
+attachment to Darnay, never attempted to win her. Her friendship,
+however, called out his good qualities, and he nobly died instead of
+his friend.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859).
+
+CARTOUCHE, an eighteenth century highwayman. He is the French Dick
+Turpin.
+
+CA'RUS _(Slow)_, in Garth's _Dispensary_, is Dr. Tyson (1649-1708).
+
+CARYATI'DES (5 _syl_.), or CARYA'TES (4 _syl_.), female figures in
+Greek costume, used in architecture to support entablatures Ca'rya, in
+Arcadia, sided with the Persians when they invaded Greece, so after
+the battle of Thermop'ylae, the victorious Greeks destroyed the city,
+slew the men, and made the women slaves, Praxit'eles, to perpetuate
+the disgrace, employed figures of Caryan women with Persian men, for
+architectural columns.
+
+CAS'CA, a blunt-witted Roman, and one of the conspirators who
+assassinated Julius Caesar. He is called "Honest Casca," meaning
+_plain-spoken._--Shakespeare, _Julius Caesar_ (1607).
+
+CASCH'CASCH, a hideous genius, "hunch-backed, lame, and blind of one
+eye; with six horns on his head, and both his hands and feet hooked."
+The fairy Maimou'ne (3 _syl_.) summoned him to decide which was the
+more beautiful, "the prince Camaral'zaman or the princess Badou'ra,"
+but he was unable to determine the knotty point.--_Arabian Nights_
+("Camaralzaman and Badoura").
+
+CASEL'LA, a musician and friend of the poet Dante, introduced in his
+_Purgatory_, ii. On arriving at purgatory, the poet sees a vessel
+freighted with souls come to be purged of their sins and made fit for
+paradise; among them he recognizes his friend Casella, whom he "woos
+to sing;" whereupon Casella repeats with enchanting sweetness the
+words of [Dante's] second canzone.
+
+  Dante shall give Fame leave to set thee higher
+  Than his Casella, whom he wooed to sing,
+  Met in the milder shades of purgatory.
+
+  Milton, _Sonnet_, xiii. (To H. Lawes).
+
+CASEY, landlord of the tavern on "Red Hoss Mountain" in Eugene Field's
+poem _Casey's Table d'Hote_.
+
+  He drifted for a fortune to the undeveloped West,
+  And he come to Eed Hoss Mountain when the little camp was new,
+  When the money flowed like likker, an' the folks wuz brave an'
+  true,
+  And, havin' been a stewart on a Mississippi boat,
+  He opened up a caffy, 'nd he run a _tabble dote_.
+
+  (1889.)
+
+CAS'PAR, master of the horse to the baron of Arnheim. Mentioned in
+Donnerhugel's narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time,
+Edward IV.).
+
+_Cas'par_, a man who sold himself to Za'miel the Black Huntsman. The
+night before the expiration of his life-lease, he bargained for a
+respite of three years, on condition of bringing Max into the power of
+the fiend. On the day appointed for the prize-shooting, Max aimed at a
+dove but killed Caspar, and Zamiel carried off his victim to "his own
+place."--Weber's opera, _Der Freischuete_ (1822).
+
+CASS (_Godfrey_), young farmer in _Silas Marner_, by George Eliot.
+Father of the heroine.
+
+CASSAN'DRA, daughter of Priam, gifted with the power of prophecy; but
+Apollo, whom she had offended, cursed her with the ban "that no one
+should ever believe her predictions."--Shakespeare, _Troilus and
+Cressida_ (1602).
+
+CASSEL (_Count_), an empty-headed, heart less, conceited puppy,
+who pays court to Amelia Wildenhaim, but is too insufferable to be
+endured. He tells her he "learnt delicacy in Italy, hauteur in Spain,
+enterprise in France, prudence in Russia, sincerity in England, and
+love in the wilds of America," for civilized nations have long since
+substituted intrigue for love.--Inchbald, _Lovers' Vows_ (1800),
+altered from Kotzebue.
+
+CASSI, the inhabitants of Hertfordshire or Cassio.--Caesar,
+_Commentaries_.
+
+CASSIB'ELLAUN or CASSIB'ELAN (probably "Caswallon"), brother and
+successor of Lud. He was king of Britain when Julius Caesar invaded
+the island. Geoffrey of Monmouth says, in his _British History_, that
+Cassibellaun routed Caesar, and drove him back to Gaul (bk. iv. 3, 5).
+In Caesar's second invasion, the British again vanquished him (ch. 7),
+and "sacrificed to their gods as a thank-offering 40,000 cows,
+100,000 sheep, 30,000 wild beasts, and fowls without number" (ch. 8).
+Androg'eus (4 _syl_.) "duke of Trinovantum," with 5000 men, having
+joined the Roman forces, Cassibellaun was worsted, and agreed "to pay
+3000 pounds of silver yearly in tribute to Rome." Seven years after
+this Cassibellaun died and was buried at York.
+
+In Shakespeare's _Cymbeline_ the name is called "Cassibelan."
+
+[Illustration] Polyaenus of Macedon tells us that Caesar had a huge
+elephant armed with scales of iron, with a tower on its back,
+filled with archers and slingers. When this beast entered the sea,
+Cassivelaunus and the Britons, who had never seen an elephant, were
+terrified, and their horses fled in affright, so that the Romans were
+able to land without molestation.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii.
+
+  There the hive of Roman liars worship a gluttonous emperor-idiot.
+  Such is Rome ... hear it, spirit of Cassivelaun.
+
+  Tennyson, _Boadicea_.
+
+CAS'SILANE (3 _syl_.), general of Candy and father of Annophel.--_Laws
+of Candy_ (1647).
+
+CASSIM, brother of Ali Baba, a Persian. He married an heiress and soon
+became one of the richest merchants of the place. When he discovered
+that his brother had made himself rich by hoards from the robbers'
+cave, Cassim took ten mules charged with panniers to carry away part
+of the same booty. "Open Sesame!" he cried, and the door opened. He
+filled his sacks, but forgot the magic word. "Open Barley!" he cried,
+but the door remained closed. Presently the robber band returned, and
+cut him down with their sabres. They then hacked the carcass into four
+parts, placed them near the door, and left the cave. Ali Baba carried
+off the body and had it decently interred.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali
+Baba, or the Forty Thieves").
+
+CAS'SIO (_Michael_), a Florentine, lieutenant in the Venetian army
+under the command of Othello. Simple minded but not strong-minded, and
+therefore easily led by others who possessed greater power of will.
+Being overcome with wine, he engaged in a street-brawl, for which he
+was suspended by Othello, but Desdemona pleaded for his restoration.
+Iago made capital of this intercession to rouse the jealousy of the
+Moor. Cassio's "almost" wife was Bianca, his mistress.--Shakespeare,
+_Othello_ (1611).
+
+"Cassio" is brave, benevolent, and honest, ruined only by his want of
+stubbornness to resist an insidious invitation.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+CASSIODO'RUS (_Marcus Aurelius_), a great statesman and learned writer
+of the sixth century, who died at the age of one hundred, in A.D. 562.
+He filled many high offices under Theod'oric, but ended his days in a
+convent.
+
+  Listen awhile to a learned prelection
+  On Marcus Aurelius Cassiodorus.
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+CASSIOPEIA, wife of Ce'pheus (2 _syl_.) king of Ethiopia, and mother
+of Androm'eda. She boasted herself to be fairer than the sea-nymphs,
+and Neptune, to punish her, sent a huge sea-serpent to ravage her
+husband's kingdom. At death she was made a constellation, consisting
+of thirteen stars, the largest of which form a "chair" or imperfect W.
+
+  ... had you been
+  Sphered up with Cassiopeia.
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, iv.
+
+CASSIUS, instigator of the conspiracy against Julius Caesar, and friend
+of Brutus.--Shakespeare, _Julius Ccesar_ (1607).
+
+  _Brutus_. The last of all the Romans, fare thee
+  well!
+  It is impossible that ever Rome
+  Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe more
+  tears
+  To this dead man than you shall see me pay.
+  I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time.
+  Act. v. sc. 3.
+
+Charles Mayne Young trod the boards with freedom. His countenance was
+equally well adapted for the expression of pathos or of pride; thus in
+such parts as "Hamlet," "Beverley," "The Stranger," "Pierre," "Zanga,"
+and "Cassius," he looked the men he represented.--Rev. J. Young, _Life
+of G. M. Young_.
+
+[Illustration] "Hamlet" (Shakespeare); "Beverley" (_The Gamester_,
+Moore); "The Stranger" (B. Thompson); "Pierre" (_Venice Preserved_,
+Otway); "Zanga" (_Revenge_, Young).
+
+CASSY, a colored woman, mistress of Legree, in Harriet Beecher Stowe's
+_Uncle Tom's Cabin_. Disgusted with her master and with her life,
+she befriends another woman, even more helpless than herself, and by
+stratagem and force of will contrives her escape (1852).
+
+CASTAGNETTE _(Captain)_, a hero whose stomach was replaced by a
+leather one made by Desgenettes [_Da'.ge.net_'], but his career was
+soon ended by a bomb-shell, which blew him into atoms,--Manuel, _A
+French Extravaganza_.
+
+CASTA'LIO, son of lord Acasto, and Polydore's twin-brother. Both the
+brothers loved their father's ward, Monim'ia "the orphan." The love
+of Polydore was dishonorable love, but Castalio loved her truly and
+married her in private. On the bridal night Polydore by treachery took
+his brother's place, and next day, when Monimia discovered the deceit
+which had been practised on her, and Polydore heard that Monimia
+was really married to his brother, the bride poisoned herself, the
+adulterer ran upon his brother's sword, and the husband stabbed
+himself.--Otway, _The Orphan_ (1680).
+
+CASTA'RA, the lady addressed by Wm. Habington in his poems. She was
+Lucy Herbert (daughter of Wm. Herbert, first lord Powis), and became
+his wife. (Latin, _casta_, "chaste.")
+
+  If then, Castara, I in heaven nor move,
+  Nor earth, nor hell, where am I but in love?
+  W. Habington, _To Castara_ (died 1654).
+
+The poetry of Habington shows that he possessed ... a real passion
+for a lady of birth and virtue, the "Castara" whom he afterwards
+married.--Hallam.
+
+CAS'TLEWOOD (_Beatrix_), the heroine of _Esmond_, a novel by
+Thackeray, the "finest picture of splendid lustrous physical beauty
+ever given to the world."
+
+CAS'TOR (_Steph'anos_), the wrestler.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of
+Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Castor_, of classic fable, is the son of Jupiter and Leda, and
+twin-brother of Pollux. The brothers were so attached to each
+other that Jupiter set them among the stars, where they form the
+constellation _Gemini_ ("the twins"). Castor and Pollux are called the
+_Dios'curi_ or "sons of Dios," _i.e._ Jove.
+
+CAS'TRIOT (_George_), called by the Turks "Scanderbeg" (1404-1467).
+George Castriot was son of an Albanian prince, delivered as a hostage
+to Amurath II. He won such favor from the sultan that he was put in
+command of 5000 men, but abandoned the Turks in the battle of Mora'va
+(1443).
+
+  This is the first dark blot
+  On thy name, George Castriot.
+
+Longfellow, _The Wayside Inn_ (an interlude).
+
+CASTRUC'CIO CASTRACA'NI'S SWORD.
+
+When Victor Emmanuel II went to Tuscany, the path from Lucca to
+Pistoia was strewed with roses. At Pistoia the orphan heirs of
+Pucci'ni met him, bearing a sword, and said, "This is the sword of
+Castruccio Castracani, the great Italian soldier, and head of the
+Ghibelines in the fourteenth century. It was committed to our ward and
+keeping till some patriot should arise to deliver Italy and make it
+free." Victor Emmanuel, seizing the hilt, exclaimed, "_Questa e per
+me_!" ("This is for me.")--E. B. Browning, _The Sword of Castruccio
+Castracani._
+
+CAS'YAPA. The father of the immortals, who dwells in the mountain
+called Hemacu'ta or Himakoot, under the Tree of Life, is called
+"Casyapa." Southey, _Curse of Kehama_. Canto vi. (1809).
+
+CATEUCLA'NI, called _Catieuchla'ni_ by Ptolemy, and _Cassii_ by
+Richard of Cirencester. They occupied Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire,
+and Hertfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi.
+
+CATGUT (_Dr._), a caricature of Dr. Arne in _The Commissary_, by Sam.
+Foote (1765).
+
+CATH'ARINE, queen-consort of Charles II; introduced by sir W. Scott in
+_Peveril of the Peak_. (See CATHERINE, and also under the letter K.)
+
+_Cath'arine (St.)_ of Alexandria (fourth century), patron saint of
+girls and virgins generally. Her real name was Dorothea; but St.
+Jerome says she was called Catharine from the Syriac word _Kethar_ or
+_Kathar_, "a crown," because she won the triple crown of martyrdom,
+virginity, and wisdom. She was put to death on a wheel, November 25,
+which is her _fete_ day.
+
+_To braid St. Catharine's hair_ means "to live a virgin."
+
+  Thou art too fair to be left to braid St. Catharine's
+  tresses.
+
+Longfellow, _Evangeline_ (1848).
+
+CATH'BA, son of Torman, beloved by Morna, daughter of Cormac king of
+Ireland. He was killed out of jealousy by Ducho'mar, and when Duchomar
+told Morna and asked her to marry him she replied, "Thou art dark to
+me, Duchomar; cruel is thine arm to Morna. Give me that sword, my
+foe;" and when he gave it, she "pierced his manly breast," and he
+died.
+
+Cathba, young son of Torman, thou art of the love of Morna. Thou art a
+sunbeam in the day of the gloomy storm.--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.
+
+CATH'ERINE, wife of Mathis, in _The Polish Jew_, by J. R. Ware.
+
+_Catherine_, the somewhat uninteresting heroine of _Washington
+Square_, by Henry James, a commonplace creature made more commonplace
+by the dull routine of wealthy respectability (1880).
+
+_Catherine (The countess_), usually called "The Countess," falls in
+love with Huon, a serf, her secretary and tutor. Her pride revolts at
+the match, but her love is masterful. When the duke her father is told
+of it, he insists on Huon's marrying Catherine, a freed serf, on pain
+of death. Huon refuses to do so till the countess herself entreats him
+to comply. He then rushes to the wars, where he greatly distinguishes
+himself, is created prince, and learns that his bride is not Catherine
+the quondam serf, but Catherine the duke's daughter.--S. Knowles,
+_Love_ (1840).
+
+CATH'ERINE OF NEWPORT, the wife of Julian Avenel (2 _syl.)._--Sir W.
+Scott, _The_ _Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth). (See CATHARINE, and under
+K.)
+
+CATH'LEEN, one of the attendants on Flora M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+CATH'LIN OF CLU'THA, daughter of Cathmol. Duth-Carmor of Cluba had
+slain Cathmol in battle, and carried off Cathlin by force, but she
+contrived to make her escape and craved aid of Fingal. Ossian and
+Oscar were selected to espouse her cause, and when they reached
+Rathcol (where Duth-Carmor lived), Ossian resigned the command of the
+battle to his son Oscar. Oscar and Duth-Carmor met in combat, and the
+latter fell. The victor carried the mail and helmet of Duth-Carmor to
+Cathlin, and Cathlin said, "Take the mail and place it high in Selma's
+hall, that you may remember the helpless in a distant land."--Ossian,
+_Cathlin of Clutha_.
+
+CATH'MOR, younger brother of Cair'bar ("lord of Atha"), but totally
+unlike him. Cairbar was treacherous and malignant; Cathmor high-minded
+and hospitable. Cairbar murdered Cormac king of Ireland, and having
+inveigled Oscar (son of Ossian) to a feast, vamped up a quarrel, in
+which both fell. Cathmor scorned such treachery. Cathmore is the
+second hero of the poem called _Tem'ora_, and falls by the hand of
+Fingal (bk. viii.).
+
+Cathmor, the friend of strangers, the brother of red-haired Cairbar.
+Their souls were not the same. The light of heaven was in the bosom of
+Cathmor. His towers rose on the banks of Atha; seven paths led to his
+halls; seven chiefs stood on the paths and called strangers to
+the feast. But Cathmor dwelt in the wood, to shun the voice of
+praise.--Ossian, _Temora_, i.
+
+CATH'OLIC _(The)._ Alfonso I. of Asturias, called by Gregory III. _His
+Catholic Majesty_ (693, 739-757).
+
+Ferdinand II. of Ar'agon, husband of Isabella. Also called _Ruse_,
+"the wily" (1452, 1474-1516).
+
+Isabella wife of Ferdinand II. of Aragon, so called for her zeal in
+establishing the Inquisition (1450, 1474-1504).
+
+CATHOLIC MAJESTY _(Catholica Majestad_), the special title of the
+kings of Spain. It was first given to king Recared (590) in the third
+Council of Toledo, for his zeal in rooting out the "Arian heresy."
+
+Cui a Deo aeternum meritum nisi vero Catholico Recaredo regi? Cui a Deo
+aeterna corona nisi vero orthodoxo Recaredo regi?--_Gregor._ _Mag._,
+127 and 128.
+
+But it was not then settled as a fixed title to the kings of Spain. In
+1500 Alexander VI. gave the title to Ferdinand V. king of Aragon and
+Castile, and from that time it became annexed to the Spanish crown.
+
+Ab Alexandro pontifice Ferdinandus "Catholici" cognomentum accepit in
+posteros cum regno transfusum stabili possessione. Honorum titulos
+principibus dividere pontincibus Romanis datur.--Mariana, _De Rebus
+Hesp_., xxvi. 12; see also vii. 4.
+
+CA'THOS, cousin of Madelon, brought up by her uncle Gor'gibus, a plain
+citizen in the middle rank of life. These two silly girls have had
+their heads turned by novels, and thinking their names commonplace,
+Cathos calls herself Aminta, and her cousin adopts the name of
+Polix'ena. Two gentlemen wish to marry them, but the girls consider
+their manners too unaffected and easy to be "good style," so the
+gentlemen send their valets to represent the "marquis of Mascarille"
+and the "viscount of Jodelet." The girls are delighted with these
+"distinguished noblemen;" but when the game has gone far enough, the
+masters enter, and lay bare the trick. The girls are taught
+a useful lesson, without being involved in any fatal ill
+consequences.--Moliere, _Les Precieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+CATHUL'LA, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_) and brother of Coma'la
+(_q.v._). Fingal, on coming in sight of the palace, observed a
+beacon-flame on its top as signal of distress, for Frothal king of
+Sora had besieged it. Fingal attacked Frothal, engaged him in single
+combat, defeated him, and made him prisoner.--Ossian, _Carrick-Thura._
+
+CAT'ILINE (3 _syl_.), a Roman patrician, who headed a conspiracy to
+overthrow the Government, and obtain for himself and his followers all
+places of power and trust. The conspiracy was discovered by Cicero.
+Catiline escaped and put himself at the head of his army, but fell in
+the battle after fighting with desperate daring (B.C. 62). Ben Jonson
+wrote a tragedy called _Catiline_ (1611), and Voltaire, in his _Rome
+Sauvee_, has introduced the conspiracy and death of Catiline (1752).
+
+CA'TO, the hero and title of a tragedy by J. Addison (1713). Disgusted
+with Caesar, Cato retired to U'tica (in Africa), where he had a small
+republic and mimic senate; but Caesar resolved to reduce Utica as he
+had done the rest of Africa, and Cato, finding resistance hopeless,
+fell on his own sword.
+
+  Tho' stern and awful to the foes of Rome,
+  He is all goodness, Lucia, always mild,
+  Compassionate, and gentle to his friends;
+  Filled with domestic tenderness.
+  Act v. 1.
+
+When Barton Booth [1713] first appeared as "Cato," Bolingbroke called
+him into his box and gave him fifty guineas for defending the cause of
+liberty so well against a perpetual dictator.--_Life of Addison_.
+
+_He is a Cato_, a man of simple habits, severe morals, strict justice,
+and blunt speech, but of undoubted integrity and patriotism, like the
+Roman censor of that name, the grandfather of the Cato of Utica, who
+resembled him in character and manners.
+
+CATO AND HORTENS'IUS. Cato of Utica's second wife was Martia daughter
+of Philip. He allowed her to live with his friend Hortensius, and
+after the death of Hortensius took her back again.
+
+  _[Sultans]_ don't agree at all with the wise Roman,
+  Heroic, stoic Cato, the sententious,
+  Who lent his lady to his friend Hortensius.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, vi. 7 (1821).
+
+CATUL'LUS. Lord Byron calls Thomas Moore the "British Catullus,"
+referring to a volume of amatory poems published in 1808, under the
+pseudonym of "Thomas Little."
+
+  'Tis Little! young Catullus of his day,
+  As sweet but as immoral as his lay.
+
+Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_ (1809).
+
+_The Oriental Catullus_, Saadi or Sadi, a Persian poet. He married a
+rich merchant's daughter, but the marriage was an unhappy one. His
+chief works are _The Gulistan_ (or "garden of roses") and _The Bostan_
+(or "garden of fruits") (1176-1291).
+
+CAU'DLE _(Mrs. Margaret_), a curtain lecturer, who between eleven
+o'clock at night and seven the next morning delivered for thirty years
+a curtain lecture to her husband Job Caudle, generally a most gentle
+listener; if he replied she pronounced him insufferably rude, and if
+he did not he was insufferably sulky.--Douglas Jerrold, _Punch_ ("The
+Caudle Papers").
+
+CAU'LINE _(Sir)_, a knight who served the wine to the king of Ireland.
+He fell in love with Christabelle (3 _syl_.), the king's-daughter, and
+she became his troth-plight wife, without her father's knowledge. When
+the king knew of it, he banished sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). After a time
+the Soldain asked the lady in marriage, but sir Cauline challenged his
+rival and slew him. He himself, however, died of the wounds he had
+received, and the lady Christabelle, out of grief, "burst her gentle
+hearte in twayne."--Percy's _Reliques_, I. i. 4.
+
+CAU'RUS, the stormy west-north-west wind; called in Greek _Argestes_.
+
+  The ground by piercing Caurus seared.
+
+Thomson, _Castle of Indolence_, ii. (1748).
+
+CAUSTIC, of the _Despatch_ newspaper, was the signature of Mr. Serle.
+
+_Christopher Caustic_, the pseudonym of Thomas Green Fessenden, author
+of _Terrible Tractoration_, a Hudibrastic poem (1771-1837).
+
+_Caustic_ (_Colonel_), a fine gentleman of the last century, very
+severe on the degeneracy of the present race.--Henry Mackenzie, in
+_The Lounger_.
+
+CA'VA, or _Florida_, daughter of St. Julian. It was the violation of
+Cava by Roderick that brought about the war between the Goths and the
+Moors, in which Roderick was slain (A.D. 711).
+
+CAVALIER _(The)._ Eon de Beaumont, called by the French _Le Chevalier
+d'Eon_ (1728-1810). Charles Breydel, the Flemish landscape painter
+(1677-1744). Francisco Cairo, the historian, called _El Chavaliere
+del Cairo_ (1598-1674). Jean le Clerc, _Le Chevalier_ (1587-1633). J.
+Bapt. Marini, the Italian poet, called _Il Cavaliere_ (1569-1625).
+Andrew Michael Ramsay (1686-1743).
+
+[Illustration] James Francis Edward Stuart, the
+
+"Old Pretender," was styled _Le Chevalier de St. George_ (1688-1765).
+Charles Edward, the "Young Pretender," was styled _The Bonnie
+Chevalier_ or _The Young Cavalier_ (1720-1788).
+
+CAVALL', "king Arthur's hound of deepest mouth."--Tennyson, _Idylls of
+the King_ ("Enid").
+
+CAV'ENDISH, author of _Principles of Whist_, and numerous guide-books
+on games, as _Bezique, Piquet, Ecarte, Billiards_, etc. Henry Jones,
+editor of "Pastimes" in _The Field_ and _The Queen_ newspapers
+(1831-).
+
+CAX'ON _(Old Jacob_), hairdresser of Jonathan Oldbuck ("the
+antiquary") of Monkbarns.
+
+_Jenny Caxon_, a milliner; daughter of Old Jacob.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+CAXTON _(Pisistratus)_, Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer Lytton,
+baron Lytton, author of _My Novel_ (1853); _What will He do with it?_
+(1859); _Caxtoniania_ (1863); _The Boatman_ (1864).
+
+CECIL, the hero of a novel so called by Mrs. Gore (1790-1861).
+
+CECIL DREEME, _alias_ Clara Denman. The young woman assumes a man's
+dress and character, and sustains it so well as to deceive those
+dearest to her. She is kidnapped and in danger of death, and her
+rescuers discover the truth.--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_
+(1861).
+
+CECILIA, belle of the village in which H. W. Longfellow's Kavanagh is
+the clergyman. She wins his affections easily, unconsciously becoming
+the rival of her dearest friend (1872).
+
+_Cecilia (St.)_, the patroness of musicians and "inventor of the
+organ." The legend says that an angel fell in love with Cecilia for
+her musical skill, and nightly brought her roses from paradise. Her
+husband saw the angel visitant, who gave to both a crown of martyrdom.
+
+  Thou seem'st to me like the angel
+  That brought the immortal roses
+  To St. Cecilia's bridal chamber.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+CE'DRIC, a thane of Rotherwood, and surnamed "the Saxon."--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+CEL'ADON AND AME'LIA, lovers of matchless beauty, and most devoted to
+each other. Being overtaken by a thunderstorm, Amelia became alarmed,
+but Celadon, folding his arm about her, said, "'Tis safety to be near
+thee, sure;" but while he spoke, Amelia was struck by lightning and
+fell dead in his arms.--Thomson, _The Seasons_ ("Summer," 1727).
+
+CELE'NO OR CELSAE'NO, chief of the harpies.
+
+  There on a craggy stone
+  Celeno hung, and made his direful moan.
+  Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph [on Earth_]
+  (1610).
+
+CE'LIA, daughter of Frederick the usurping duke, and cousin of
+Ros'alind, daughter of the banished duke. When Rosalind was driven
+from her uncle's court, Celia determined to go with her to the forest
+of Arden to seek out the banished duke, and for security's sake
+Rosalind dressed in boy's clothes and called herself "Gan'ymede,"
+while Celia dressed as a peasant girl and called herself "Aliena."
+When they reached Arden they lodged for a time in a shepherd's hut,
+and Oliver de Boys was sent to tell them that his brother Orlando was
+hurt and could not come to the hut as usual. Oliver and Celia fell
+in love with each other, and their wedding-day was fixed. Ganymede
+resumed the dress of Bosalind, and the two brothers married at the
+same time.--Shakespeare, _As You Like It_ (1598).
+
+_Ce'lia_, a girl of sixteen, in Whitehead's comedy of _The School for
+Lovers_. It was written expressly for Mrs. Cibber, daughter of Dr.
+Arne.
+
+Mrs. Cibber was at the time more than fifty years old, but the
+uncommon symmetry and exact proportion in her form, with her singular
+vivacity, enabled her to represent the character of "Celia" with all
+the juvenile appearance marked by the author.--Percy, _Anecdotes_.
+
+_Ce'lia_, a poetical name for any lady-love: as "Would you know my
+Celia's charms ...?" Not unfrequently Streph'on is the wooer when
+Celia is the wooed. Thomas Carew calls his "sweet sweeting" Celia; her
+real name is not known.
+
+_Ce'lia (Dame)_, mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity. She lived in
+the hospice called Holiness. (Celia is from the Latin, _coelum_,
+"heaven.")--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, i. 10 (1590).
+
+CELIA SHAW, a gentle-hearted mountain girl who, learning that her
+father and his clan intend to "clean out" a family fifteen miles up
+the mountain, steals out on a snowy night and makes her way to their
+hut to warn them of their danger. She takes cold on the fearful
+journey, and dies of consumption.--Charles Egbert Craddock, _In the
+Tennessee Mountains_ (1884).
+
+CELIMENE (3_syl_.), a coquette courted by Alceste (2 _syl_.) the
+"misanthrope" (a really good man, both upright and manly, but blunt in
+behavior, rude in speech, and unconventional). Alceste wants Celimene
+to forsake society and live with him in seclusion; this she refuses to
+do, and he replies, as you cannot find, "tout en moi, comme moi tout
+en vous, allez, je vous refuse." He then proposes to her cousin
+Eliante (3 _syl_.), but Eliante tells him she is already engaged to
+his friend Philinte (2 _syl_), and so the play ends.--Moliere, _Le
+Misanthrope_ (1666).
+
+"Celimene" in Moliere's _Les Precieuses Ridicules_ is a mere dummy.
+She is brought on the stage occasionally towards the end of the play,
+but never utters one word, and seems a supernumerary of no importance
+at all.
+
+CELIN'DA, the victim of count Fathom's seduction.--Smollett, _Count
+Fathom_ (1754).
+
+CEL'LIDE (2 _syl_.), beloved by Valentine and his son Francisco. The
+lady naturally prefers the younger man.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
+Thomas_ (1619).
+
+CELTIC HOMER _(The)_, Ossian, said to be of the third century.
+
+If Ossian lived at the introduction of Christianity, as by all
+appearances he did, his epoch will be the latter end of the third and
+beginning of the fourth century.
+
+The "Caracul" of Fingal, who is no other than Caracalla (son of
+Seve'rus emperor of Rome), and the battle fought against Caros or
+Carausius ... fix the epoch of Fingal to the third century, and Irish
+historians place his death in the year 283. Ossian was Fingal's
+son.--_Era of Ossian._
+
+CENCI. Francesco Cenci was a most profligate Roman noble, who had four
+sons and one daughter, all of whom he treated with abominable cruelty.
+It is said that he assassinated his two elder sons and debauched his
+daughter Beatrice. Beatrice and her two surviving brothers, with
+Lucretia (their mother), conspired against Francesco and accomplished
+his death, but all except the youngest brother perished on the
+scaffold, September 11, 1501.
+
+It has been doubted whether the famous portrait in the Barberini
+palace at Rome is really of Beatrice Cenci, and even whether Guido
+Eeni was the painter.
+
+Percy B. Shelley wrote a tragedy called _The Cenci_ (1819).
+
+CENIMAG'NI, the inhabitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, and
+Cambridge.--Caesar, _Commentaries_.
+
+CENTAUR (_The Blue_), a human form from the waist upwards, and a goat
+covered with blue shag from the waist downwards. Like the Ogri, he fed
+on human flesh.
+
+"Shepherds," said he, "I am the Blue Centaur. If you will give me
+every third year a young child, I promise to bring a hundred of my
+kinsmen and drive the Ogri away." ... He [_the Blue Centaur_] used to
+appear on the top of a rock, with his club in one hand ... and with a
+terrible voice cry out to the shepherds, "Leave me my prey, and be off
+with you!"--Comtesse d'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Carpillona,"
+1682).
+
+CEN'TURY WHITE, John White, the nonconformist lawyer. So called from
+his chief work, entitled _The First Century of Scandalous, Malignant
+Priests, etc._ (1590-1645).
+
+CE'PHAL (Greek, _Kephale_), the Head personified, the "acropolis" of
+_The Purple Island_, fully described in canto v. of that poem, by
+Phineas Fletcher (1633).
+
+CEPH'ALUS (in Greek, _Kephalos_). One day, overcome with heat,
+Cephalus threw himself on the grass, and cried aloud, "Come, gentle
+Aura, and this heat allay!" The words were told to his young wife
+Procris, who, supposing Aura to be some rival, became furiously
+jealous. Resolved to discover her rival, she stole next day to a
+covert, and soon saw her husband come and throw himself on the bank,
+crying aloud, "Come, gentle Zephyr; come, Aura, come, this heat
+allay!" Her mistake was evident, and she was abont to throw herself
+into the arms of her husband, when the young man, aroused by the
+rustling, shot an arrow into the covert, supposing some wild beast
+was about to spring on him. Procris was shot, told her tale, and
+died.--Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.
+
+(Cephalus loves Procris, _i.e._ "the sun kisses the dew." Procris is
+killed by Cephalus, _i.e._ "the dew is destroyed by the rays of the
+sun.")
+
+CERAS'TES (3 _syl_.), the horned snake. (Greek, _keras_, "a horn.")
+Milton uses the word in _Paradise Lost_, x. 525 (1665).
+
+CERBERUS, a dog with three heads, which keeps guard in hell. Dante
+places it in the third circle.
+
+  Cerberus, cruel monster, fierce and strange,
+  Through his wide threefold throat barks as a dog ...
+  His eyes glare crimson, black his unctuous beard,
+  His belly large, and clawed the hands with which
+  He tears the spirits, flays them, and their limbs
+  Piecemeal disparts.
+
+Dante, _Hell_, vi. (1300, Cary's translation).
+
+CER'DON, the boldest of the rabble leaders in the encounter with
+Hu'dibras at the bear-baiting. The original of this character was
+Hewson, a one-eyed cobbler and preacher, who was also a colonel in the
+Rump army.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1663).
+
+CERES (2 _syl._), the Fruits of Harvest personified. In classic
+mythology Ceres means "Mother Earth," the protectress of fruits.
+
+_Ceres_, the planet, is so called because it was discovered from the
+observatory of Palermo, and Ceres is the tutelar goddess of Sicily.
+
+CER'IMON, a physician of Ephesus, who restored to animation
+Thaisa, the wife of Per'icles, prince of Tyre, supposed to be
+dead.--Shakespeare, _Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+CHAB'OT (_Philippe de_), admiral of France, governor of Bourgoyne and
+Normandy under Francois I. Montmorency and the cardinal de Lorraine,
+out of jealousy, accused him of malversation. His faithful servant
+Allegre was put to the rack to force evidence against the accused, and
+Chabot was sent to prison because he was unable to pay the fine levied
+upon him. His innocence, however, was established by the confession
+of his enemies, and he was released; but disgrace had made so deep an
+impression on his mind that he sickened and died. This is the subject
+of a tragedy entitled _The Tragedy of Philip Chabot, etc._, by George
+Chapman and James Shirley.
+
+CHAD'BAND (_The Rev. Mr._), type of a canting hypocrite "in the
+ministry." He calls himself "a vessel," is much admired by his dupes,
+and pretends to despise the "carnal world," but nevertheless loves
+dearly its "good things," and is most self-indulgent.--C. Dickens,
+_Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CHAFFINGTON (_Mr. Percy_), M.P., a stockbroker.--T. M. Morton, _If I
+had a Thousand a Year_.
+
+CHALBROTH, the giant, the root of the race of giants, including
+Polypheme (3 _syl._), Goliath, the Titans, Fierabras, Gargantua, and
+closing with Pantag'ruel. He was born in the year known for its "week
+of three Thursdays."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. (1533).
+
+CHAL'YBES (3 _syl._), a people on the south shore of the Black Sea,
+who occupied themselves in the working of iron.
+
+  On the left hand dwell
+  The iron-workers called the Chalybes,
+  Of whom beware.
+  E. B. Browning, _Prometheus Bound_ (1850).
+
+CHAM, the pseudonym of comte Amedee de Noe, a peer of France, a
+great wit, and the political caricaturist of _Charivari_ (the French
+_Punch_). The count was one of the founders of the French Republic in
+1875. As Cham or Ham was the second son and scapegrace of Noah, so
+Amedee was the second son and scapegrace of the comte de Noe _[Noah]._
+
+CHAM OF LITERATURE, _(The Great_), a nickname given to Dr. Samuel
+Johnson by Smollett in a letter to John Wilkes (1709-1784).
+
+CHAM OF TARTARY, a corruption of Chan or Khan, _i.e._ "lord or
+prince," as Hoccota Chan. "Ulu Chan" means "great lord," "ulu" being
+equal to the Latin _magnus_, and "chan" to _dominus_ or _imperator_.
+Sometimes the word is joined to the name, as Chan-balu, Cara-chan,
+etc. The Turks have also had their "Sultan Murad chan bin Sultan
+Selim chan," _i.e. Sultan Murad prince, son of Sultan Selim
+prince_.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_, vi. 66 (1672).
+
+CHAM'BERLAIN _(Matthew)_, a tapster, the successor of Old Roger Raine
+(1 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHAMONT, brother of Monimia "the orphan," and the troth-plight husband
+of Seri'na (daughter of lord Acasto). He is a soldier, so proud and
+susceptible that he is forever taking offence, and setting himself up
+as censor or champion. He fancies his sister Monim'ia has lost her
+honor, and calls her to task, but finds he is mistaken. He fancies her
+guardian, old Acasto, has not been sufficiently watchful over her,
+and draws upon him in his anger, but sees his folly just in time to
+prevent mischief. He fancies Castalio, his sister's husband, has
+ill-treated her, and threatens to kill him, but his suspicions are
+again altogether erroneous. In fact, his presence in the house was
+like that of a madman with fire-brands in a stack-yard.--Otway, _The
+Orphan_ (1680).
+
+There are characters in which he _[C. M. Young_] is unrivalled and
+almost perfect. His "Pierre" [_Venice Preserved_, Otway] is more
+soldierly than Kemble's; his "Chamont" is full of brotherly pride,
+noble impetuosity, and heroic scorn.--_New Monthly Magazine_ (1822).
+
+CHAMPAGNE _(Henry earl of_), a crusader.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+CHAM'PERNEL', a lame old gentleman, the husband of Lami'ra, and
+son-in-law of judge Vertaigne (2 _sy_).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Little French Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+CHAMPION OF THE VIRGIN. St. Cyril of Alexandria is so called from his
+defence of the "Incarnation" or doctrine of the "hypostatic union," in
+the long and stormy dispute with Nesto'rius bishop of Constantinople.
+
+CHAMPNEYS _(Sir Geoffry_), a fossilized old country gentleman, who
+believes in "blue blood" and the "British peerage." Father of Talbot,
+and neighbor of Perkyn Middlewick, a retired butterman. The sons of
+these two magnates are fast friends, but are turned adrift by their
+fathers for marrying in opposition to their wishes. When reduced to
+abject poverty, the old men go to visit their sons, relent, and all
+ends happily.
+
+_Miss Champneys_, sir Geoffry's sister, proud and aristocratic, but
+quite willing to sacrifice both on the altar of Mr. Perkyn Middlewick,
+the butterman, if the wealthy plebeian would make her his wife and
+allow her to spend his money.--H. J. Byron, _Our Boys_ (1875).
+
+_Talbot Champneys_, a swell with few brains and no energy. His name,
+which is his passport into society, will not find him salt in the
+battle of life. He marries Mary Melrose, a girl without a penny, but
+his father wants him to marry Violet the heiress.
+
+CHAN'TICLEER (3 _syl_.), the cock, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the
+Fox_ (1498), and also in "The Nonne Preste's Tale," told in _The
+Canterbury Tales_, by Chaucer (1388).
+
+CHAON'IAN BIRD _(The)_, the dove; so called because doves delivered
+the oracles of Dodona or Chaon'ia.
+
+  But the mild swallow none with, toils infest,
+  And none the soft Chaonian bird molest.
+  Ovid, _Art of Love_, ii.
+
+CHAONIAN FOOD, acorns, so called from the oak trees of Dodona, which
+gave out the oracles by means of bells hung among the branches. Beech
+mast is so called also, because beech trees abounded in the forest of
+Dodona.
+
+CHARALOIS, son of the marshal of Burgundy. When he was twenty-eight
+years old his father died in prison at Dijon, for debts contracted by
+him for the service of the State in the wars. According to the law
+which then prevailed in France, the body of the marshal was seized by
+his creditors, and refused burial. The son of Charalois redeemed his
+father's body by his own, which was shut up in prison in lieu of the
+marshal's.--Philip Massinger, _The Fatal Dowry_ (1632).
+
+(It will be remembered that Milti'ades, the Athenian general, died in
+prison for debt, and the creditors claimed the body, which they would
+not suffer to be buried till his son Cimon gave up himself as a
+hostage.)
+
+CHAR'EGITE (3 _syl_.). The Charegite assassin, in the disguise of a
+Turkish marabout or enthusiast, comes and dances before the tent of
+Richard Coeur de Lion, and suddenly darting forward, is about to
+stab the king, when a Nubian seizes his arm, and the king kills the
+assassin on the spot.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard
+I.).
+
+CHARICLE'IA, the _fiancee_ of Theag'enes, in the Greek romance called
+_The Loves of Theagenes and Charicleia_, by Heliodo'ros bishop of
+Trikka (fourth century).
+
+CHARI'NO, father of Angelina. Charino wishes Angelina to marry Clodio,
+a young coxcomb; but the lady prefers his elder brother Carlos, a
+young bookworm. Love changes the character of the diffident Carlos,
+and Charino at last accepts him for his son-in-law. Charino is a
+testy, obstinate old man, who wants to rule the whole world in his own
+way.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes the Man_ (1694).
+
+CHAR'LEMAGNE AND HIS PALADINS. This series of romances is of French
+origin, as the Arthurion is Welsh or British. It began with the
+legendary chronicle in verse, called _Historia de Vita Carola Magni
+et Rolandi_, erroneously attributed to Turpin archbishop of Rheims
+(a contemporary of Charlemagne), but probably written two or three
+hundred years later. The chief of the series are _Huon of Bordeaux,
+Guerin de Monglave, Gaylen Rhetore_ (in which Charlemagne and his
+paladins proceed in mufti to the Holy Land), _Miles and Ames_,
+_Jairdain de Blaves, Doolin de Mayence, Ogier le Danais_, and _Maugis
+the Enchanter_.
+
+_Charlemagne and the Ring_. Pasquier says that Charles le Grand fell
+in love with a peasant girl [Agatha], in whose society he seemed
+bewitched, insomuch that all matters of state were neglected by him;
+but the girl died, to the great joy of all. What, however, was the
+astonishment of the court to find that the king seemed no less
+bewitched with the dead body than he had been with the living, and
+spent all day and night with it, even when its smell was quite
+offensive. Archbishop Turpin felt convinced there was sorcery in this
+strange infatuation, and on examining the body, found a ring under the
+tongue, which he removed. Charlemagne now lost all regard for the
+dead body; but followed Turpin, with whom, he seemed infatuated. The
+archbishop now bethought him of the ring, which he threw into a pool
+at Aix, where Charlemagne built a palace and monastery, and no spot in
+the world had such attractions for him as Aix-la-Chapelle, where "the
+ring" was buried.--_Recherches de la France_, vi. 33.
+
+_Charlemagne and Years of Plenty_. According to German legend,
+Charlemagne appears in seasons of plenty. He crosses the Rhine on a
+golden bridge, and blesses both corn-fields and vineyards.
+
+  Thou standest, like imperial Charlemagne,
+  Upon thy bridge of gold.
+
+  Longfellow, _Autumn_.
+
+_Charlemagne not dead_. According to legend, Charlemagne was crowned
+and armed in Odenberg _(Hesse)_ or Untersberg, near Saltzburg, till
+the time of antichrist, when he will wake up and deliver Christendom.
+(See BARBAROSSA.)
+
+_Charlemagne's Nine Wives_: (1) Hamiltrude, a poor Frenchwoman, who
+bore him several children. (2) Desidera'ta, who was divorced. (3)
+Hildegarde. (4) Fastrade, daughter of count Rodolph the Saxon. (5)
+Luitgarde the German. The last three died before him. (6) Maltegarde.
+(7) Gersuinde the Saxon. (8) Regina. (9) Adalinda.
+
+_Charlemagne's Stature_. We are told that Charlemagne was "eight feet
+high," and so strong that he could "straighten with his hands alone
+three horseshoes at once." His diet and his dress were both as simple
+as possible.
+
+_Charlemagne's Sword_, La Joyeuse.
+
+CHARLEMAGNE OF SERVIA, Stephen Dushan.
+
+CHARLES "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, introduced by sir W. Scott in
+two novels, viz., _Quentin Durward_ and _Anne of Geierstein._ The
+latter novel contains an account of the battle of Nancy, where Charles
+was slain.
+
+_Charles_ prince of Wales (called "Babie Charles"), son of James I.,
+introduced by sir W. Scott in _The Fortunes of Nigel_.
+
+_Charles_ "the Good," earl of Flanders. In 1127 he passed a law that
+whoever married a serf should become a serf: thus if a prince married
+a serf, the prince would become a serf. This absurd law caused his
+death, and the death of the best blood in Bruges.--S. Knowles, _The
+Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+CHARLES II. of England, introduced by sir W. Scott in two novels,
+viz., _Peveril of the Peak_ and _Woodstock_. In this latter he appears
+first as a gipsy woman, and afterwards under the name of Louis
+Kerneguy (Albert Lee's page).
+
+CHARLES IX. of France. Instigated by his mother, Catherine de Medici,
+he set on foot the massacre of St. Bartholomew (1550-1574).
+
+CHARLES XII. of Sweden. "Determined to brave the seasons, as he had
+done his enemies, Charles XII. ventured to make long marches during
+the cold of the memorable winter of 1709. In one of these marches two
+thousand of his men died from the cold."
+
+(Planche has an historical drama, in two acts, called _Charles XII_.;
+and the _Life of Charles XII_., by Voltaire, is considered to be one
+of the best written historical works in the French language.)
+
+CHARLES EDWARD [STUART], called "The Chevalier Prince Charles Edward,
+the Young Pretender," introduced by sir W. Scott in _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.), first as "father Bonaventure," and afterwards as
+"Pretender to the British crown." He is again introduced in _Waverley_
+(time, George II.).
+
+CHARLES EMMANUEL, son of Victor Amade'us (4 _syl_.) king of Sardinia.
+In 1730 his father abdicated, but somewhat later wanted his son to
+restore the crown again. This he refused to do; and when Victor
+plotted against him, D'Orme'a was sent to arrest the old man, and he
+died. Charles was brave, patient, single-minded, and truthful.--R.
+Browning, _King Victor and King Charles, etc_.
+
+CHARLES KNOLLYS, an English bridegroom, who falls into a crevasse on
+his wedding-trip, and is found by his wife in the ice, still young and
+beautiful in his icy shroud, forty-five years later.--J. S. of Dale
+(Frederic Jesup Stimson), _Mrs. Knollys_ (1888).
+
+CHARLEY, plu. _Charlies_, an old watchman or "night guardian," before
+the introduction of the police force by sir Robert Peel, in 1829. So
+called from Charles I., who extended and improved the police system.
+
+CHARLEY KEENE, merry little doctor in _The Grandissimes_, in love with
+the beautiful Creole girl Clotilde (1880).
+
+CHARLIE, _alias_ "Injin Charlie," _alias_ "Old Charlie," a "dark white
+man" in _Belles Demoiselles' Plantation_, by George W. Cable. "Sunk in
+the bliss of deep ignorance, shrewd, deaf, and by repute, at least,
+unmerciful" (1879).
+
+CHARIOT, a messenger from Liege to Louis XI--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CHARLOTTE, the faithful sweetheart of young Wilmot, supposed to have
+perished at sea.--Geo. Lillo, _Fatal Curiosity_ (1736).
+
+_Charlotte_, the dumb girl, in love with Leander; but her father, sir
+Jasper, wants her to marry Mr. Dapper. In order to avoid this hateful
+alliance, Charlotte pretends to be dumb, and only answers, "Han, hi,
+han, hon." The "mock doctor" employs Leander as his apothecary, and
+the young lady is soon cured by "pills matrimoniac." In Moliere's _Le
+Medecin Malgre Lui_ Charlotte is called "Lucinde." The jokes in act
+ii. 6 are verbally copied from the French.--H. Fielding, _The Mock
+Doctor_.
+
+_Charlotte_, daughter of sir John Lambert, in _The Hypocrite_, by Is.
+Bickerstaff (1768); in love with Darnley. She is a giddy girl, fond of
+tormenting Darnley; but being promised in marriage to Dr. Cantwell,
+who is fifty-nine, and whom she utterly detests, she becomes somewhat
+sobered down, and promises Darnley to become his loving wife. Her
+constant exclamation is "Lud!"
+
+In Moliere's comedy of _Tartuffe_ Charlotte is called "Mariane," and
+Darnley is "Valere."
+
+_Charlotte_, the pert maid-servant of the countess Wintersen. Her
+father was "state coachman." Charlotte is jealous of Mrs. Haller,
+and behaves rudely to her (see act ii. 3).--Benjamin Thompson, _The
+Stranger_ (1797).
+
+_Charlotte_, servant to Sowerberry. A dishonest, rough servant-girl,
+who ill-treats Oliver Twist, and robs her master.--C. Dickens, _Oliver
+Twist_ (1837).
+
+_Charlotte_, a fugitive slave whose hairbreadth escapes are narrated
+in J. T. Trowbridge's story of _Neighbor Jackwood_ (1857).
+
+_Charlotte (Lady)_, the servant of a lady so called. She assumes the
+airs with the name and address of her mistress. The servants of her
+own and other households address her as "Your ladyship," or "lady
+Charlotte;" but though so mighty grand, she is "noted for a plaguy
+pair of thick legs."--Rev. James Townley, _High Life Below Stairs_
+(1759).
+
+CHARLOTTE CORDAY, devoted patriot of the French Revolution. Believing
+Marat to be the worst enemy of France, she stabbed him in the bath;
+was arrested and guillotined.
+
+CHARLOTTE ELIZABETH, whose surname was Phelan, afterwards Tonna,
+author of numerous books for children, tales, etc. (1825-1862).
+
+CHARLOTTE GOODCHILD, a merchant's orphan daughter of large fortune.
+She is pestered by many lovers, and her guardian gives out that she
+has lost all her money by the bankruptcy of his house. On this all her
+suitors but one depart, and that one is sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan,
+who declares he loves her now as an equal, and one whom he can serve,
+but before he loved her "with fear and trembling, like a man that
+loves to be a soldier, yet is afraid of a gun."--C. Macklin,
+_Love-a-la-mode_ (1779).
+
+CHARLOTTE TEMPLE, the daughter of an English gentleman, whose
+seduction by an officer in the British army, her sad life and lonely
+death, are the elements of a novel bearing her name, written by "Mrs.
+Rowson." Charlotte Temple is buried in Trinity church-yard, New York.
+
+CHAR'MIAN, a kind-hearted, simple-minded attendant on Cleopatra. After
+the queen's death, she applied one of the asps to her own arm,
+and when the, Roman soldiers entered the room, fell down
+dead.--Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_ (1608).
+
+CHAR'TERIS _(Sir Patrick_), of Kinfauns, provost of Perth.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CHARTIST CLERGYMAN _(The)_, Rev. Charles Kingsley (1809-1877).
+
+CHARYLLIS, in Spenser's pastoral _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, is
+lady Compton. Her name was Anne, and she was the fifth of the six
+daughters of sir John Spenser of Althorpe, Lancaster, of the noble
+houses of Spenser and Marlborough. Edmund Spenser dedicated to her his
+satirical fable called _Mother Hubbard's Tale_ (1591). She was thrice
+married; her first husband was lord Monteagle, and her third was
+Robert lord Buckhurst (son of the poet Sackville), who succeeded his
+father in 1608 as earl of Dorset.
+
+  No less praiseworthy are the sisters three,
+  The honor of the noble family
+
+  Of which I meanest boast myself to be,...
+  Phyllis, Charyllis, and sweet Amaryllis:
+  Phyllis the fair is eldest of the three,
+  The next to her is bountiful Charyllis.
+
+_Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1594).
+
+CHASTE _(The)_, Alfonso II. of Asturias and Leon (758, 791-835
+abdicated, died 842).
+
+CHATOOKEE, an Indian bird, that never drinks at a stream, but catches
+the raindrops in falling.--_Account of the Baptist Missionaries_, ii.
+309.
+
+  Less pure than these is that strange Indian bird,
+  Who never dips in earthly streams her bill,
+  But, when the sound of coming showers is heard,
+  Looks up, and from the clouds receives her fill.
+
+Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xxi. 6 (1809).
+
+CHAT'TANACH _(M'Gillie)_, chief of the clan Chattan.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CHAT'TERLEY _(Rev. Simon_), "the man of religion" at the Spa, one
+of the managing committee.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CHAUBERT _(Mons.)_, Master Chaffinch's cook.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the Peak_ (time, George II.).
+
+CHAUCER OF FRANCE, Clement Marot (1484-1544).
+
+CHAU'NUS, Arrogance personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (1633). "Fondly himself with praising he dispraised." Fully
+described in canto viii. (Greek, _chaunos_, "vain".)
+
+CHEAT'LY (2 _syl_.), a lewd, impudent debauchee of Alsatia
+(Whitefriars). He dares not leave the "refuge" by reason of debt;
+but in the precincts he fleeces young heirs of entail, helps them to
+money, and becomes bound for them.--Shadwell, _Squire of Alsatia_
+(1688).
+
+CHE'BAR, the tutelar angel of Mary, sister of Martha and Lazarus of
+Bethany.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, xii. (1771).
+
+Ched'eraza'de (5 _syl_.), mother of Hem'junah and wife of Zebene'zer,
+sultan of Cassimir. Her daughter having run away to prevent a forced
+marriage with the prince of Georgia, whom she had never seen, the
+sultana pined away and died.--Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], _Tales of the
+Genii_ ("Princess of Cassimir," tale vii., 1751).
+
+CHEDER'LES (3 _syl_.), a Moslem hero, who, like St. George, saved a
+virgin exposed to the tender mercies of a huge dragon. He also drank
+of the waters of immortality, and lives to render aid in war to any
+who invoke it.
+
+  When Chederles conies
+  To aid the Moslem on his deathless horse,
+  ... as _[if]_ he had newly quaffed
+  The hidden waters of eternal youth.
+  Southey, _Joan of Arc_, vi. 302, etc. (1837).
+
+CHEENEY _(Frank)_, an outspoken bachelor. He marries Kate
+Tyson.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.
+
+CHEERLY' _(Mrs.)_, daughter of colonel Woodley. After being married
+three years, she was left a widow, young, handsome, rich, lively, and
+gay. She came to London, and was seen in the opera by Frank Heartall,
+an open-hearted, impulsive young merchant, who fell in love with her,
+and followed her to her lodging. Ferret, the villain of the story,
+misinterpreted all the kind actions of Frank, attributing his gifts to
+hush-money; but his character was amply vindicated, and "the soldier's
+daughter" became his blooming wife.--Cherry, _The Soldier's Daughter_
+(1804).
+
+Miss O'Neill, at the age of nineteen, made her _debut_ at the Theatre
+Royal, Crow Street, in 1811, as "The Widow Cheerly."--W. Donaldson.
+
+CHEERYBLE BROTHERS _(The)_, brother Ned and brother Charles, the
+incarnations of all that is warm-hearted, generous, benevolent,
+and kind. They were once homeless boys running about the streets
+barefooted, and when they grew to be wealthy London merchants were
+ever ready to stretch forth a helping hand to those struggling against
+the buffets of fortune.
+
+_Frank Cheeryble_, nephew of the brothers Cheeryble. He married Kate
+Nickleby.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+CHEESE _(Dr.)_, an English translation of the Latin _Dr. Caseus_,
+that is, Dr. John Chase, a noted quack, who was born in the reign of
+Charles II., and died in that of queen Anne.
+
+CHEMISTRY _(The Father of_, Arnaud do Villeneuve (1238-1314)).
+
+CHE'MOS _(ch = k)_, god of the Moabites; also called Baal-Pe'oer; the
+Pria'pus or idol of turpitude and obscenity. Solomon built a temple to
+this obscene idol "in the hill that is before Jerusalem" (1 _Kings_
+xi. 7). In the hierarchy of hell Milton gives Chemos the fourth rank:
+(1) Satan, (2) Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos.
+
+Next Chemos, the obscene dread of Moab's sons, Peoer his other name.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, 406, 412 (1665).
+
+CHENEY, a mighty hunter in the northern woods, whose story is told in
+_The Adirondack_, by Joel Tyler Headley (1849).
+
+CHERONE'AN _(The)_ or THE CHERONE'AN SAGE _(ch = k)_, Plutarch, who
+was born at Chaerone'a, in Boeo'tia (A.D. 46-120).
+
+  This praise, O Cheronean sage, is thine.
+  Beattie, _Minstrel_ (1773).
+
+CHER'RY, the lively daughter of Boniface, landlord of the inn at
+Lichfield.--Geo.
+
+Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1705). (See CHERY.)
+
+_Cherry (Andrew)_, comic actor and dramatist (1762-1812), author of
+_The Soldier's Daughter. All for Fame, Two Strings to Your Bow.
+The Village, Spanish Dollars_, etc. He was specially noted for his
+excellent wigs.
+
+  Shall sapient managers new scenes produce
+  From Cherry, Skeffington, and _Mother Goose?_
+  Byron, _English Bards and Scotch Reviewers_
+  (1809).
+
+[Illustration] _Mother Goose_ is a pantomime by C. Dibdin.
+
+CHER'UBIM (_Don_), the "bachelor of Salamanca," who is placed in a
+vast number of different situations of life, and made to associate
+with all classes of society, that the author may sprinkle his satire
+and wit in every direction.--Lesage, _The Bachelor of Salamanca_
+(1737).
+
+CHER'Y, the son of Brunetta (who was the wife of a king's brother),
+married his cousin Fairstar, daughter of the king. He obtained for his
+cousin the three wonderful things: _The dancing water_, which had the
+power of imparting beauty; _the singing apple_, which had the power
+of imparting wit; and _the little green bird_, which had the power
+of telling secrets.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Princess
+Fairstar," 1682).
+
+CHES'TER (_Sir John_), a plausible, foppish villain, the sworn enemy
+of Geoffrey Haredale, by whom he is killed in a duel. Sir John is the
+father of Hugh, the gigantic servant at the Maypole inn.
+
+_Edward Chester_, son of sir John, and the lover of Emma Haredale.--C.
+Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+CHESTERFIELD (_Charles_), a young man of genius, the hero and title
+of a novel by Mrs. Trollope (1841). The object of this novel is to
+satirize the state of literature in England, and to hold up to censure
+authors, editors, and publishers as profligate, selfish, and corrupt.
+
+CHESTERTON (_Paul_), nephew to Mr. Percy Chaffington, stock-broker and
+M.P.--T.M. Morton, _If I had a Thousand a Year_ (1764-1838).
+
+CHEVALIER D'INDUSTRIE, a man who lives by his wits and calls himself a
+"gentleman."
+
+  Denicheur de fauvettes, chevalier de l'ordre de
+  l'industrie, qui va chercher quelque bon nid,
+  quelque femme qui lui fasse sa fortune.--_Gongam_
+  ou _L'Homme Prodigieux_ (1713).
+
+CHEVALIER MALFET (_Le_), so sir Launcelot calls himself after he was
+cured of his madness. The meaning of the phrase is "The knight who
+has done ill," or "The knight who has trespassed."--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 20 (1470).
+
+CHEVERIL (_Hans_), the ward of Mordent, just come of age. Impulsive,
+generous, hot-blooded. He resolves to be a rake, but scorns to be a
+villain. However, he accidentally meets with Joanna "the deserted
+daughter," and falls in love with her. He rescues her from the
+clutches of Mrs. Enfield the crimp, and marries her.--Holcroft, _The
+Deserted Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).
+
+  The part that placed me [_Walter Lacy_] in the
+  position of a light comedian was "Cheveril," in
+  _The Steward_, altered from Holcroft's _Deserted
+  Daughter._--W. Lacy, _Letter to W.C. Russell_.
+
+CHIBIA'BOS, the Harmony of Nature personified; a musician, the friend
+of Hiawatha, and ruler in the land of spirits. When he played on
+his pipe, the "brooks ceased to murmur, the wood-birds to sing, the
+squirrel to chatter, and the rabbit sat upright to look and listen."
+He was drowned in Lake Superior by the breaking of the ice.
+
+  Most beloved by Hiawatha
+  Was the gentle Chibiabos;
+  He the best of all musicians,
+  He the sweetest of all singers.
+
+  Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi. and xv.
+
+_Chibiabos_, venerable chief in _The Myth of Hiaiwatha and Other Oral
+Legends of North American Indians_, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (1856).
+
+CHICANEAU _(She'.ka.no')_, a litigious tradesman in _Les Plaideurs_,
+by Racine, (1668).
+
+CHICH'I-VACHE (3 _syl_.), a monster that fed only on good women. The
+word means the "sorry cow." It was all skin and bone, because its food
+was so extremely scarce. (See BYCORN.)
+
+  O noble wyves, full of heigh prudence,
+  Let noon humilitie your tonges nayle.,
+  Lest Chichi-Vache you swalwe in her entraile.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("Clerk's Tale," 1388).
+
+CHICK _(Mr.)_, brother-in-law of Mr. Dombey; a stout gentleman, with a
+tendency to whistle and hum airs at inopportune moments. Mr. Chick is
+somewhat henpecked; but in the matrimonial squalls, though apparently
+beaten, he not unfrequently rises up the superior and gets his own
+way.
+
+_Louisa Chick_, Mr. Dombey's married sister. She is of a snappish
+temper, but dresses in the most juvenile style, and is persuaded
+that anything can be accomplished if persons will only "make an
+effort."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+CHICKEN _(The)_, Michael Angelo Taylor, barrister, so called because
+in his maiden speech, 1785, he said, "I deliver this opinion with
+great deference, being but a chicken in the profession of the law."
+
+_Chicken_ (_The Game_), a low fellow, to be heard of at the bar of the
+Black Badger. Mr. Toots selects this man as his instructor in fencing,
+betting, and self-defence. The Chicken has short hair, a low forehead,
+a broken nose, and "a considerable tract of bare and sterile country
+behind each ear."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+CHICKENS AND THE AUGURS. When the augurs told Publius Claudius
+Pulcher, the Roman consul, who was about to engage the Carthaginian
+fleet, that the sacred chickens would not eat, he replied, "Then toss
+them into the sea, that they may drink."
+
+CHICK'ENSTALKER (_Mrs_.), a stout, bonny, kind-hearted woman, who
+keeps a general shop. Toby Veck, in his dream, imagines her married
+to Tugby, the porter of sir Joseph Bowley.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_
+(1844).
+
+CHICK'WEED (_Conkey, i.e. Nosey_), the man who robbed himself. He was
+a licensed victualler on the point of failing, and gave out that he
+had been robbed of 327 guineas "by a tall man with a black patch over
+his eye." He was much pitied, and numerous subscriptions were made on
+his behalf. A detective was sent to examine into the "robbery,"
+and Chickweed would cry out, "There he is!" and run after the
+"hypothetical thief" for a considerable distance, and then lose sight
+of him. This occurred over and over again, and at last the detective
+said to him, "I've found out who done this here robbery." "Have you?"
+said Chickweed. "Yes," said Spyers, "you done it yourself." And so he
+had.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxi. (1837).
+
+CHIF'FINCH (_Master Thomas_), _alias_ Will Smith, a friend of Richard
+Ganlesse (2 _syl_.). The private emissary of Charles II. He was
+employed by the duke of Buckingham to carry off Alice Bridgenorth to
+Whitehall, but the captive escaped and married Julian Peveril.
+
+_Kate Chiffinch_, mistress of Thomas Chiffinch.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHIGNON _[Shin.yong]_, the French valet of Miss Alscrip "the heiress."
+A silly, affected, typical French valet-de-chambre.--General Burgoyne,
+_The Heiress_ (1718).
+
+CHI'LAX, a merry old soldier, lieutenant to general Memnon, in
+Paphos.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+CHILD (_The_), Bettina, daughter of Maximiliane Brentano. So called
+from the title of her book, _Goethe's Correspondence with a Child_.
+
+CHILD OF NATURE (_The_), a play by Mrs. Inchbald. Amantis was the
+"child of Nature." She was the daughter of Alberto, banished "by an
+unjust sentence," and during his exile he left his daughter under
+the charge of the marquis Almanza. Amantis was brought up in total
+ignorance of the world and the passion-principles which sway it, but
+felt grateful to her guardian, and soon discovered that what she
+called "gratitude" the world calls "love." Her father returned home
+rich, his sentence cancelled and his innocence allowed, just in time
+to give his daughter in marriage to his friend Almanza.
+
+CHILDE HAROLD, a man sated with the world, who roams from place to
+place, to kill time and escape from himself. The "childe" is, in fact,
+lord Byron himself, who was only twenty-two when he began the poem,
+which was completed in seven years. In canto i. the "childe" visits
+Portugal and Spain (1809); in canto ii. Turkey in Europe (1810); in
+canto iii. Belgium and Switzerland (1816); and in canto iv. Venice,
+Rome, and Florence (1817).
+
+("Childe" is a title of honor, about tantamount to "lord," as childe
+Waters, childe Rolande, childe Tristram, childe Arthur, childe
+Childers, etc.)
+
+CHIL'DERS (_E.W.B._), one of the riders in Sleary's circus, noted
+for his vaulting and reckless riding in the character of the "Wild
+Huntsman of the Prairies." This compound of groom and actor marries
+Josephine, Sleary's daughter.
+
+_Kidderminster Childers_, son of the above, known in the profession as
+"Cupid." He is a diminutive boy, with an old face and facetious manner
+wholly beyond his years.--C. Dickens, _Hard Times_ (1854).
+
+CHILDREN (_The Henneberg_). It is said that the countess of Henneberg
+railed at a beggar for having twins, and the beggar, turning on the
+countess, who was forty-two years old, said, "May you have as many
+children as there are days in a year," and sure enough, on Good
+Friday, 1276, the countess brought forth 365 at one birth; all the
+males were christened _John_, and all the females _Elizabeth_. They
+were buried at a village near La Hague, and the jug is still shown in
+which they were baptized.
+
+CHILDREN IN THE WOOD, the little son (three years old) and younger
+daughter (Jane) left by a Norfolk gentleman on his death-bed to the
+care of his deceased wife's brother. The boy was to have L300 a year
+on coming of age, and the girl L500 as a wedding portion; but if the
+children died in their minority the money was to go to the uncle. The
+uncle, in order to secure the property, hired two ruffians to murder
+the children, but one of them relented and killed his companion; then,
+instead of murdering the babes, he left them in Wayland Wood, where
+they gathered blackberries, but died at night with cold and terror.
+All things went ill with the uncle, who perished in gaol, and
+the ruffian, after a lapse of seven years, confessed the whole
+villainy.--Percy, _Reliques_, III. ii. 18.
+
+CHILDREN OF THE MIST, one of the branches of the MacGregors, a wild
+race of Scotch Highlanders, who had a skirmish with the soldiers in
+pursuit of Dalgetty and M'Eagh among the rocks (ch. 14).--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+CHILLIP (_Dr_.), a physician who attended Mrs. Copperfield at the
+birth of David.
+
+He was the meekest of his set, the mildest of little men.--C. Dickens,
+_David Copperfield_, i. (1849).
+
+CHILLON' (_Prisoner of_) Francois de Bonnivard, of Lunes, the Genevese
+patriot (1496-1571) who opposed the enterprises of Charles III. (the
+duke-bishop of Savoy) against the independence of Geneva, and was
+cast by him into the prison of Chillon, where he was confined for six
+years. Lord Byron makes him one of six brothers, two of whom died
+on the battle-field; one was burnt at the stake, and three were
+imprisoned at Chillon. Two of the prisoners died, but Francois was
+set at liberty by the people of Berne.--Byron, _Prisoner of Chillon_
+(1816).
+
+CHIMENE (_La Belle_) or Xime'na, daughter of count Lozano de Gormaz,
+wife of the Cid. After the Cid's death she defended Valentia from the
+Moors with great bravery, but without success. Corneille and Guihem
+de Cantro have introduced her in their tragedies, but the _role_ they
+represent her to have taken is wholly imaginary.
+
+CHINAMAN (_John_), a man of China.
+
+CHINDASUIN'THO (4 _syl_.), king of Spain, father of Theod'ofred, and
+grandfather of Roderick last of the Gothic kings.--Southey, _Roderick,
+etc_. (1814).
+
+CHINESE PHILOSOPHER (_A_). Oliver Goldsmith, in the _Citizen of the
+World_, calls his book "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher residing in
+London to his Friends in the East" (1759).
+
+CHINGACHGOOK, the Indian chief, called in French _Le Gros Serpent_.
+Fenimore Cooper has introduced this chief into four of his novels,
+_The Last of the Mohicans. The Pathfinder. The Deerslayer_, and _The
+Pioneer_.
+
+CHINTZ (_Mary_), Miss Bloomfield's maid, the bespoken of Jem
+Miller.--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+CHI'OS (_The Man of_), Homer, who lived at Chios [_Ki'.os_]. At least
+Chios was one of the seven cities which laid claim to the bard,
+according to the Latin hexameter verse:
+
+  Smyrna, Rhodes, Colophon, Salamis, Chios,
+  Argos, Athenae.--Varro.
+
+CHIRN'SIDE (_Luckie_), poulterer at Wolf's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+CHI'RON, a centaur, renowned for his skill in hunting, medicine,
+music, gymnastics, and prophecy. He numbered among his pupils
+Achilles, Peleus, Diomede, and indeed all the most noted heroes
+of Grecian story. Jupiter took him to heaven, and made him the
+constellation _Sagittarius_.
+
+  ... as Chiron erst had done
+  To that proud bane of Troy, her god-resembling
+  son [_Achilles_].
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612).
+
+CHIRRUP (_Betsey_), the housekeeper of Mr. Sowerberry, the
+misanthrope.--W. Brough, _A Phenomenon in a Smock Frock_.
+
+CHITA, the child orphaned by the fearful tragedy detailed in Lufcadio
+Hearn's _Chita: A Memory of Last Island_. The little one is dragged
+from her dead mother's neck while she has still the strength to cry
+out "_Maman! maman_!" and borne through the surf by the fisherman
+Felix, to the arms of his wife. Brought up as the child of the humble
+pair, she never suspects that the stranger who, years after, dies of
+yellow fever brought from New Orleans to Felix's hut is her father
+(1888).
+
+CHITLING (_Tom_), one of the associates of Fagin the Jew. Tom Chitling
+was always most deferential to the "Artful Dodger."--C. Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+CHIVALRY (_The Flower of_), William Douglas, lord of Liddesdale
+(fourteenth century).
+
+CHLO'E [_Klo'.e_], the shepherdess beloved by Daphnis, in the pastoral
+romance called _Daphnis and Chloe_, by Longus. St. Pierre's tale of
+_Paul and Virginia_ is based on this pastoral.
+
+_Chloe_ or rather _Cloe_. So Prior calls Mrs. Centlivre (1661-1723).
+
+_Chloe (Aunt)_, the faithful wife of Uncle Tom in Harriet Beecher
+Stowe's famous book _Uncle Tom's Cabin_. She hires herself out to a
+pastry-cook to help redeem her husband after he is "sold South." Her
+exhortation, "Think o' your marcies, chillen! think o' your marcies!"
+is sincere, yet when Tom quotes, "Pray for them that despitefully use
+you," she sobs out, "Lor'! it's too tough! I _can't_ pray for 'em!"
+(1852.)
+
+_Chloe_ (_Aunt_), "a homeless widow, of excellent Vermont intentions
+and high ideals in cup-cake, summoned to that most difficult of human
+tasks, the training of another woman's child.... She held it to be the
+first business of any woman who undertook the management of a
+literary family like her brother's to attend properly to its
+digestion."--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, _The Story of Avis_ (1877).
+
+CHLO'RIS, the ancient Greek name of Flora.
+
+  Around your haunts
+  The laughing Chloris with profusest hand
+  Throws wide her blooms and odors.
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CHOE'REAS (_ch = k_), the lover of Callirrhoe, in the Greek romance
+called _The Loves of Choereas and Callirrhoe_, by Char'iton (eighth
+century).
+
+CHOKE (_General_), a lank North American gentleman, "one of the most
+remarkable men in the country." He was editor of _The Watertoast
+Gazette_, and a member of "The Eden Land Corporation." It was general
+Choke who induced Martin Chuzzlewit to stake his all in the egregious
+Eden swindle.--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+CHOLMONDELEY [_Chum'.ly_], of Vale Royal, a friend of sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CHOPPARD (_Pierre_), one of the gang of thieves, called "The Ugly
+Mug." When asked a disagreeable question, he always answered, "I'll
+ask my wife, my memory's so slippery."--Edward Stirling, _The Courier
+of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+CHRIEMHIL'DA. (See under K.)
+
+CHRISOM CHILD (_A_), a child that dies within a month of its birth. So
+called because it is buried in the white cloth anointed with _chrism_
+(oil and balm) worn at its baptism.
+
+"He's in Arthur's [_Abraham's_] bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's
+bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had been any christom
+[_chrisom_] child. 'A parted just ... at turning o' the tide."
+(Quickly's description of the death of Falstaff.)--Shakespeare, _Henry
+V_. act ii. sc. 3 (1599).
+
+  Why, Mike's a child to him ... a chrism child.
+  Jean Ingelow, _Brothers and a Sermon_.
+
+CHRIS'TABEL (_ch = k_), the heroine of a fragmentary poem of the same
+title by Coleridge.
+
+_Christabel_, the heroine of an ancient romance entitled _Sir Eglamour
+of Artois_.
+
+CHRISTABELLE [_Kris.'ta.bel_], daughter of "a bonnie king of Ireland,"
+beloved by sir Cauline (2 _syl_.). When the king knew of their loves
+he banished sir Cauline from the kingdom. Then as Christabelle drooped
+the king held a tournament for her amusement, every prize of which
+was carried off by an unknown knight in black. On the last day came a
+giant with two "goggling eyes, and mouthe from ear to ear," called the
+Soldain, and defied all comers. No one would accept his challenge save
+the knight in black, who succeeded in killing his adversary, but died
+himself of the wounds he had received. When it was discovered that the
+knight was sir Cauline, the lady "fette a sighe, that burst her gentle
+hearte in twayne."--Percy, _Reliques_ ("Sir Cauline," I. i. 4).
+
+CHRISTIAN, the hero of Bunyan's allegory called _The Pilgrim's
+Progress_. He flees from the City of Destruction and journeys to the
+Celestial City. At starting he has a heavy pack upon his shoulders,
+which falls off immediately he reaches the foot of the cross. (The
+pack, of course, is the bundle of sin, which is removed by the blood
+of the cross. 1678.)
+
+_Christian_, a follower of Christ. So called first at Antioch.--_Acts_
+xi. 26.
+
+_Christian_, captain of the patrol in a small German town in which
+Mathis is burgomaster. He marries Annette, the burgomaster's
+daughter.--J. R. Ware, _The Polish Jew_.
+
+_Christian_, synonym of "_Peasant_" in Russia. This has arisen from
+the abundant legislation under czar Alexis and czar Peter the Great,
+to prevent Christian serfs from entering the service of Mohammedan
+masters. No Christian is allowed to belong to a Mohammedan master, and
+no Mohammedan master is allowed to employ a Christian on his estate.
+
+_Christian II_. (or _Christiern_), king of Norway, Sweden, and
+Denmark. When the Dalecarlians rose in rebellion against him and chose
+Gustavus Vasa for their leader, a great battle was fought, in which
+the Swedes were victorious; but Gustavus allowed the Danes to return
+to their country. Christian then abdicated, and Sweden became an
+independent kingdom.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+_Chris'tian (Edward)_, a conspirator. He has two _aliases_, "Richard
+Gan'lesse" (2 _syl_.) and "Simon Can'ter."
+
+_Colonel William Christian_, Edward's brother. Shot for insurrection.
+
+_Fenella_ alias _Zarah Christian_, daughter of Edward Christian.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Christian_ (_Fletcher_), mate of the _Bounty_, under the command of
+captain Bligh, and leader of the mutineers. After setting the captain
+and some others adrift, Christian took command of the ship, and,
+according to lord Byron, the mutineers took refuge in the island
+of Toobouai (one of the Society Islands). Here Torquil, one of the
+mutineers, married Neuha, a native. After a time a ship was sent to
+capture the mutineers. Torquil and Neuha escaped, and lay concealed in
+a cave; but Christian, Ben Bunting, and Skyscrape were shot. This is
+not according to fact, for Christian merely touched at Toobouai, and
+then, with eighteen of the natives and nine of the mutineers, sailed
+for Tahiti, where all soon died except Alexander Smith, who changed
+his name to John Adams, and became a model patriarch.--Byron, _The
+Island_.
+
+CHRISTIAN DOCTOR (_Most_), John Charlier de Gerson (1363-1429).
+
+CHRISTIAN ELOQUENCE (_The Founder of_), Louis Bourdaloue (1632-1704).
+
+CHRISTIAN KING (_Most_). So the kings of France were styled. Pepin _le
+Bref_ was so styled by pope Stephen III. (714-768). Charles II. _le
+Chauve_ was so styled by the Council of Savonnieres (823, 840-877).
+Louis XI. was so styled by Paul II. (1423, 1461-1483).
+
+CHRISTIAN'A (_ch = k_), the wife of Christian, who started with
+her children and Mercy from the City of Destruction long after her
+husband's flight. She was under the guidance of Mr. Greatheart, and
+went, therefore, with silver slippers along the thorny road. This
+forms the second part of Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_ (1684).
+
+CHRIS'TIE (2 _syl_.) of the Clint Hill, one of the retainers of Julian
+Avenel (2 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Chris'tie_ (_John_), ship-chandler at Paul's wharf.
+
+_Dame Nelly Christie_, his pretty wife, carried off by lord
+Dalgarno.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+CHRISTI'NA, daughter of Christian II. king of Denmark, Sweden, and
+Norway. She is sought in marriage by prince Arvi'da and by Gustavus
+Vasa; but the prince abandons his claim in favor of his friend.
+After the great battle, in which Christian is defeated by Gustavus,
+Christina clings to her father, and pleads with Gustavus on his
+behalf. He is sent back to Denmark, with all his men, without ransom,
+but abdicates, and Sweden is erected into a separate kingdom.--H.
+Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
+
+CHRISTINA PURCELL, a happy, pure girl, whose sheltered life and frank
+innocence contrast strongly with the heavy shadows glooming over
+outcast "Nixy" in _Hedged In._
+
+She [Nixy], looking in from the street at mother and child, wondered
+if the lady here and the white daughter were religious; if it were
+because people were white and religious that they all turned her from
+their doors,--then, abruptly, how _she_ would look sitting in the
+light of a porcelain lamp, with a white sack on.--Elizabeth Stuart
+Phelps, _Hedged In_ (1870).
+
+CHRIS'TINE (2 _syl_.), a pretty, saucy young woman in the service
+of the countess Marie, to whom she is devotedly attached. After the
+recapture of Ernest ("the prisoner of state"), she goes boldly to king
+Frederick II., from whom she obtains his pardon. Being set at liberty,
+Ernest marries the countess.--E. Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_
+(1847).
+
+CHRISTINE DRYFOOS, the undisciplined, showy daughter of a self-made
+man in W. D. Howells's _A Hazard of New Fortunes_ (1889).
+
+She was self-possessed because she felt that a knowledge of her
+father's fortune had got around, and she had the peace which money
+gives to ignorance. She is madly in love with Beaton, whose attentions
+have raised expectations he concluded not to fulfill. At their last
+meeting she felt him more than life to her, and knew him lost, and the
+frenzy that makes a woman kill the man she loves or fling vitriol to
+destroy the beauty she cannot have for all hers possessed her lawless
+soul.... She flashed at him, and with both hands made a feline pass at
+the face he bent towards her.
+
+CHRISTMAS TREASURES. Eugene Field, in _A Little Book of Western
+Verse_, gives a father's soliloquy over such treasures as
+
+  The little toy my darling knew,
+  A little sock of faded hue,
+  A little lock of golden hair,
+
+all that remains to him who,
+
+  As he lisped his evening prayer
+  Asked the boon with childish grace,
+  Then, toddling to the chimney-place,
+  He hung his little stocking there.
+
+(1889.)
+
+CHRIS'TOPHER _(St.)_, a saint of the Roman and Greek Churches, said to
+have lived in the third century. His pagan name was Offerus, his body
+was twelve ells in height, and he lived in the land of Canaan. Offerus
+made a vow to serve only the mightiest; so, thinking the emperor was
+"the mightiest," he entered his service. But one day the emperor
+crossed himself for fear of the devil, and the giant perceived that
+there was one mightier than his present master, so he quitted his
+service for that of the devil. After awhile. Offerus discovered that
+the devil was afraid of the cross, whereupon he enlisted under Christ,
+employing himself in carrying pilgrims across a deep stream. One day,
+a very small child was carried across by him, but proved so heavy that
+Offerus, though a huge giant, was well-nigh borne down by the weight.
+This child was Jesus, who changed the giant's name to _Christoferus_,
+"bearer of Christ." He died three days afterwards, and was canonized.
+
+  Like the great giant Christopher, it stands
+  Upon the brink of the tempestuous wave.
+
+Longfellow, _The Lighthouse_.
+
+CHRISTOPHER WRIGHT, otherwise "Uncle Christopher," is the
+consequential oracle of the neighborhood, and the father of six
+daughters, in _Clovernook_, by Alice Cary (1851).
+
+CHRIST'S VICTORY AND TRIUMPHS, a poem in four parts, by Giles Fletcher
+(1610): Part i. "Christ's Victory in Heaven," when He reconciled
+Justice with Mercy, by taking on Himself a body of human flesh;
+part ii. "Christ's Triumph on Earth," when He was led up into the
+wilderness, and was tempted by Presumption, Avarice, and Ambition;
+part iii. "Christ's Triumph over Death," when He died on the Cross;
+part iv. "Christ's Triumph after Death," in His resurrection and
+ascension. (See PARADISE REGAINED.)
+
+CHRONICLERS _(Anglo-Norman)_, a series of writers on British history
+in verse, of very early date. Geffroy Gaimar wrote his Anglo-Norman
+chronicle before 1146. It is a history in verse of the Anglo-Saxon
+kings. Robert Wace wrote the _Brut d'Angleterre [i.e., Chronicle of
+England_] in eight-syllable verse, and presented his work to Henry II.
+It was begun in 1160 and finished in 1170.
+
+_Chroniclers (Latin)_, historical writers of the eleventh and twelfth
+centuries.
+
+_Chroniclers (Rhyming)_, a series of writers on English history, from
+the thirteenth century. The most noted are: Layamon (called "The
+English Ennius") bishop of Ernleye-upon-Severn (1216). Robert of
+Gloucester, who wrote a narrative of British history from the landing
+of Brute to the close of the reign of Henry III. (to 1272). No date is
+assigned to the coming of Brute, but he was the son of Silvius Aene'as
+(the third generation from AEneas, who escaped from Troy, B.C. 1183),
+so that the date may be assumed to be B.C. 1028, thus giving a scope
+of 2300 years to the chronicle. (The verse of this chronicle is eight
+and six syllables displayed together, so as to form lines of fourteen
+syllables each.) Robert de Brunne's chronicle is in two parts. The
+first ends with the death of Cadwallader, and the second with the
+death of Edward I. The earlier parts are similar to the Anglo-Norman
+chronicle of Wace. (The verse is octo-syllabic.)
+
+CHRONICLES OF CANONGATE, certain stories supposed to have been written
+by Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, a lady of quality and fortune, who
+lived, when in Edinburgh, at Baliol Lodging, in the Canongate. These
+tales were written at the request of her cousin, Mr. Croftangry, by
+whom, at her death, they were published. The first series contains
+_The Highland Widow, The Two Drovers_, and _The Surgeon's Daughter_
+[afterwards removed from this series]. The second series contains _The
+Fair Maid of Perth_.--Sir W. Scott.
+
+"Chronicles of Canongate" (introduction to _The Highland Widow_).
+
+CHRONOLOGY _(The father of_), J. J. Scaliger (1540-1609).
+
+CHRONON--HOTON--THOL'OGOS _(King)._ He strikes Bombardin'ian, general
+of his forces, for giving him hashed pork, and saying, "Kings as great
+as Chrononhotonthologos have made a hearty meal on worse." The king
+calls his general a traitor. "Traitor in thy teeth!" retorts
+the general. They fight, and the king dies.--H. Carey,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+CHRYSALDE' (2 _syl_.), friend of Arnolphe.--Moliere, _L'Ecole des
+Femmes_ (1662).
+
+CHRYSALE (2 _syl_.), a simple-minded, henpecked French tradesman,
+whose wife Philaminte (3 _syl_.) neglects her house for the learned
+languages, women's rights, and the aristocracy of mind. He is himself
+a plain practical man, who has no sympathy with the _bas bleu_
+movement. He has two daughters, Armande (2 _syl_.) and Henriette, both
+of whom love Clitandre; but Armande, who is a "blue-stocking," loves
+him platonically; while Henriette, who is a "thorough woman," loves
+him with a woman's love. Chrysale sides with his daughter Henriette,
+and when he falls into money difficulties through the "learned
+proclivities" of his wife, Clitandre comes forward like a man,
+and obtains the consent of both parents to his marriage with
+Henriette.--Moliere, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
+
+CHRYSA'OR _(ch = k)_, the sword of sir Ar'tegal, which "exceeded all
+other swords." It once belonged to Jove, and was used by him against
+the Titans, but it had been laid aside till Astraea gave it to the
+Knight of Justice.
+
+Of most perfect metal it was made, Tempered with adamant ... no
+substance was so ... hard But it would pierce or cleave whereso it
+came. Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. (1596).
+
+[Illustration] The poet tells us it was broken to pieces by Radigund
+queen of the Amazons (bk. v. 7), yet it reappears whole and sound
+(canto 12), when it is used with good service against Grantorto (_the
+spirit of rebellion_). Spenser says it was called Chrysaor because
+"the blade was garnished all with gold."
+
+_Chrysa'or_, son of Neptune and Medu'sa. He married Callir'rhoe (4
+_syl._), one of the sea-nymphs.
+
+  Chrysaor rising out of the sea,
+  Showed thus glorious and thus emulous,
+  Leaving the arms of Callirrhoe.
+  Longfellow, _The Evening Star_.
+
+Chryseis [_Kri see'.iss_], daughter of Chryses priest of Apollo. She
+was famed for her beauty and her embroidery. During the Trojan war
+Chryseis was taken captive and allotted to Agamemnon king of Argos,
+but her father came to ransom her. The king would not accept the
+offered ransom, and Chryses prayed that a plague might fall on the
+Grecian camp. His prayer was answered, and in order to avert the
+plague Agamemnon sent the lady back to her father not only without
+ransom but with costly gifts.--Homer, _Iliad_, i.
+
+CHRYSOSTOM, a famous scholar, who died for love of Marcella, "rich
+William's daughter."
+
+CHUCKS, the boatswain under Captain Savage.--Captain Marryat, _Peter
+Simple_ (1833).
+
+CHUFFEY, Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk, almost in his dotage, but
+master and man love each other with sincerest affection.
+
+Chuffey fell back into a dark corner on one side of the fire-place,
+where he always spent his evenings, and was neither seen nor heard....
+save once, when a cup of tea was given him, in which he was seen to
+soak his bread mechanically.... He remained, as it were, frozen up;
+if any term expressive of such a vigorous process can be applied to
+him--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_, xi. (1843).
+
+CHUNEE (_A la_), very huge and bulky. Chunee was the largest elephant
+ever brought to England. Henry Harris, manager of Covent Garden,
+bought it for L900 to appear in the pantomime of _Harlequin
+Padmenaba_, in 1810. It was subsequently sold to Cross, the proprietor
+of Exeter 'Change. Chunee at length became mad, and was shot by a
+detachment of the Guards, receiving 152 wounds. The skeleton is
+preserved in the museum of the College of Surgeons. It is 12 feet 4
+inches high.
+
+CHURCH BUILT BY VOLTAIRE. Voltaire, the atheist, built, at Ferney, a
+Christian church, and had this inscription affixed to it "_Deo erexit
+Voltaire_." Campbell, in the Life of Cowper (vol. vii., 358) says, "he
+knows not to whom Cowper alludes in these lines:"
+
+  Nor his who for the bane of thousands born,
+  Built God a church, and laughed His word to scorn.
+
+Cowper, _Retirement_ (1782).
+
+CHURM. Guide, philosopher, and friend of Robert Byng, in _Cecil
+Dreeme_. A noted philanthropist, the fame of whose benevolence is the
+Open Sesame to an insane asylum in which his child is incarcerated.
+--Theodore Winthrop, _Cecil Dreeme_ (1861).
+
+CHUZZLEWIT (_Anthony_), cousin of Martin Chuzzlewit, the grandfather.
+Anthony is an avaricious old hunks, proud of having brought up his
+son, Jonas, to be as mean and grasping as himself. His two redeeming
+points are his affection for his old old servant, Chuffey, and his
+forgiveness of Jonas after his attempt to poison him.
+
+The old established firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son, Manchester
+warehousemen ... had its place of business in a very narrow street
+somewhere behind the Post Office.... A dim, dirty, smoky, tumble-down,
+rotten old house it was ... but here the firm ... transacted their
+business ... and neither the young man nor the old one had any other
+residence.--Chap. xi.
+
+_Jonas Chuzzlewit_, son of Anthony, of the "firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit
+and Son, Manchester warehousemen." A consummate villain of mean
+brutality and small tyranny. He attempts to poison his old father,
+and murders Montague Tigg, who knows his secret. Jonas marries Mercy
+Pecksniff, his cousin, and leads her a life of utter misery. His
+education had been conducted on money-grubbing principles; the first
+word he was taught to spell was _gain_, and the second, _money_. He
+poisons himself to save his neck from the gallows.
+
+This fine young man had all the inclination of a profligate of
+the first water, and only lacked the one good trait in the common
+catalogue of debauched vices--open-handedness--to be a notable
+vagabond. But there his griping and penurious habits stepped
+in.--Chap. xi.
+
+_Martin Chuzzlewit, sen._, grandfather to the hero of the same name.
+A stern old man, whose kind heart has been turned to gall by the dire
+selfishness of his relations. Being resolved to expose Pecksniff, he
+goes to live in his house, and pretends to be weak in intellect, but
+keeps his eyes sharp open, and is able to expose the canting scoundrel
+in all his deformity.
+
+_Martin Chuzzlewit, jun._, the hero of the tale called _Martin
+Chuzzlewit_, grandson to old Martin. His nature has been warped by
+bad training, and, at first, he is both selfish and exacting; but the
+troubles and hardships he undergoes in "Eden" completely transform
+him, and he becomes worthy of Mary Graham, whom he marries.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+CYNDO'NAX, a chief druid, whose tomb (with a Greek inscription) was
+discovered near Dijon, in 1598.
+
+CIACCO' (2 _syl._), a glutton, spoken to by Dante, in the third circle
+of hell, the place in which gluttons are consigned to endless woe. The
+word means "a pig," and is not a proper name, but only a symbolical
+one.--Dante, _Hell_, vi. (1300).
+
+  Ciacco, thy dire affliction grieves me much.
+  _Hell_, vi.
+
+CICERO. When the great Roman orator was given up by Augustus to the
+revenge of Antony, it was a cobbler who conducted the sicarii to
+Formiae, whither Cicero had fled in a litter, intending to put to
+sea. His bearers would have fought, but Cicero forbade them, and one
+Herennius has the unenviable notoriety of being his murderer.
+
+It was a cobbler that set the murderers on Cicero.--Ouida, _Ariadne_,
+i. 6.
+
+_Cicero of the British Senate_, George Canning (1770-1827).
+
+_Cicero of France_, Jean Baptiste Massillon (1663-1742).
+
+_Cicero of Germany_, John, Elector of Brandenburg (1455, 1486-1499).
+
+_Cicero's Mouth_, Philippe Pot, Prime Minister of Louis XL
+(1428-1494).
+
+_The British Cicero_, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778).
+
+_The Christian Cicero_, Lucius Coelius Lactantius (died 330).
+
+_The German Cicero_, Johann Sturm, printer and scholar (1507-1589).
+
+CICELY (_Sweet_). Heroine of novel by Marietta Holley, better known as
+"Josiah Allen's wife." (1885).
+
+_Cicely Humphreys_. Putative daughter of Bothwell and Marie
+Stuart; who is made the companion of her mother's journeyings and
+captivity.--C.M. Yonge, _Unknown to History_ (1885).
+
+CYCLINIUS, mistake in one only manuscript of Chaucer for Cyllenius, a
+name of Mercury, from his birth-place, Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia.
+
+Cyclinius (Cyllenius) riding in his chevauchie. Chaucer, _Complaint of
+Mars and Venus_.
+
+CID (_The_) = Seid or Signior, also called CAMPEADOR [_Cam.pa'.dor_]
+or "Camp hero." Rodrigue Diaz de Bivar was surnamed "the Cid." The
+great hero of Castille, he was born at Burgos, 1030, and died, 1099.
+He signalized himself by his exploits in the reigns of Ferdinand,
+Sancho II., and Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castille. In the wars between
+Sancho II. and his brother (Alphonso VI.), he sided with the former;
+and, on the assassination of Sancho, was disgraced, and quitted the
+court. He then assembled his vassals and marched against the
+Moors, whom he conquered in several battles, so that Alphonso was
+necessitated to recall him. Both Corneille and Guilhem de Cantro have
+admirable tragedies on the subject; Ross Neil has an English drama
+called _The Cid_; Sanchez, in 1775, wrote a long poem of 1128 verses,
+called _Poema del Cid Campeador_. Southey, in his _Chronicle of the
+Cid_ (1808), has collected all that is known of this extraordinary
+hero. (It was _The Cid_ (1636) which gained for Corneille the title of
+"Le Grand Corneille.")
+
+_The Cid's Father_, Don Diego Lainez.
+
+_The Cid's Mother_, Dona Teresa Nnnez.
+
+_The Cid's Wife_, Xime'na, daughter of the Count Lozano de Gormaz. The
+French called her _La Belle Chimene_, but the _role_ ascribed to her
+by Corneille is wholly imaginary.
+
+  Never more to thine own castle
+  Wilt thou turn Babieca's rein;
+  Never will thy loved Ximena
+  See thee at her side again.
+  _The Cid_.
+
+_The Cid's Children_. His two daughters were Elvi'ra and Sol; his son,
+Diego Rodriquez, died young.
+
+_The Cid's Horse_ was Babieca [either _Bab.i.e'.keh_ or
+_Ba.bee.'keh]._ It survived its master two years and a half, but no
+one was allowed to mount it. Babieca was buried before the monastery
+gates of Valencia, and two elms were planted to mark the spot.
+
+  Troth it goodly was and pleasant
+  To behold him at their head,
+  All in mail on Babieca,
+  And to list the words he said.
+  _The Cid_.
+
+(Here "Babieca" is 4 _syl_., but in the verse above it is only 3
+_syl_.).
+
+_The Cid's Swords_, Cola'da and Tizo'na ("terror of the world"). The
+latter was taken by him from King Bucar.
+
+_Cid (The Portuguese_), Nunez Alva'rez Perei'ra (1360-1431).
+
+CID HAMET BENENGELI, the hypothetical author of _Don Quixote_. (See
+BENENGELI).
+
+Spanish commentators have discovered this pseudonym to be only an
+Arabian version of _Signior Cervantes. Cid, i.e._, "signior;" _Hamet_,
+a Moorish prefix; and _Ben-en-geli_, meaning "son of a stag." So
+_cervato_ ("a young stag") is the basis of the name Cervantes.
+
+CIDLI, the daughter of Jairus, restored to life by Jesus. She was
+beloved by Sem'ida, the young man of Nain, also raised by Jesus from
+the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iv. (1771).
+
+CIGARETTE. _Vivandiere_ in the French army in Algiers. Passionate,
+wilful, tender and brave, she gives her life to save that of the man
+she loves.--Ouida, _Under Two Flags_.
+
+CIMMERIAN DARKNESS. Homer places the Cimmerians beyond the Oceanus,
+in a land of never-ending gloom; and immediately after Cimmeria, he
+places the empire of Hades. Pliny (_Historia Naturalis_, vi. 14)
+places Cimmeria near the Lake Avernus, in Italy, where "the sun never
+penetrates." Cimmeria is now called _Kertch_, but the Cossacks call it
+_Prekla (Hell)._
+
+CINCINNATUS, virtuous Roman patriot called from the plough to serve
+the State.
+
+CINCINNA'TUS OF THE AMERICANS, George Washington (1732-1799).
+
+CINDERELLA, the heroine of a fairy tale. She was the drudge of the
+house, "put upon" by her two elder sisters. While the elder sisters
+were at a ball, a fairy came, and having arrayed the "little
+cinder-girl" in ball costume, sent her in a magnificent coach to the
+palace where the ball was given. The prince fell in love with her,
+but knew not who she was. This, however, he discovered by means of a
+"glass slipper" which she dropped, and which fitted no foot but her
+own.
+
+(This tale is substantially the same as that of _Rhodopis and
+Psammitichus_ in AElian _[Var. Hist_., xiii., 32]. A similar one is
+also told in Strabo _(Geog._ xvii).)
+
+The _glass_ slipper should be the _fur_ slipper, _pantoufle en vair_,
+not _en verre_; our version being taken from the _Contes de Fees_ of
+C. Perrault (1697).
+
+CINDY, maid-of-all-work in the Derrick household, in Susan Warner's
+_Say and Seal._ With the freedom of Yankee help she is "'boun' to
+confess" whatever occurs to her mind in season and out of season.
+(1860).
+
+CINNA, a tragedy by Pierre Corneille (1637). Mdlle. Rachel, in 1838,
+took the part of Emilie the heroine, and made a great sensation in
+Paris.
+
+CINQ-MARS, (_H. Coiffier de Ruze, marquis de_), favorite of Louis
+XIII. and _protege_ of Richelieu (1620-1642). Irritated by the
+cardinal's opposition to his marriage with Marie de Gonzague,
+Cinq-Mars tried to overthrow or to assassinate him. Gaston, the king's
+brother, sided with the conspirator, but Richelieu discovered the
+plot, and Cinq-Mars, being arrested, was condemned to death. Alfred de
+Vigny published, in 1826, a novel (in imitation of Scott's historical
+novels) on the subject, under the title of _Cinq-Mars._
+
+CINQUECENTO (3 _syl_.), the fifteenth century of Italian notables.
+They were Ariosto (1474-1533), Tasso (1544-1595), and Giovanni
+Rucellai (1475-1526), _poets_; Raphael (1483-1520), Titian
+(1480-1576), and Michael Angelo (1474-1564), _painters_. These, with
+Machiavelli, Luigi Alamanni, Bernardo Baldi, etc., make up what is
+termed the "Cinquecentesti." The word means the worthies of the '500
+epoch, and it will be observed that they all flourished between 1500
+and the close of that century. (See SEICENTA).
+
+  Ouida writes in winter mornings at a Venetian
+  writing-table of cinquecento work that
+  would enrapture the souls of the virtuosi who
+  haunt Christie's.--E. Yates, _Celebrities_, xix.
+
+CIPAN'GO OR ZIPANGO, a marvellous island described in the _Voyages_ of
+Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller. He described it as lying some 1500
+miles from land. This island was an object of diligent search with
+Columbus and other early navigators, but belongs to that wonderful
+chart which contains the _El Dorado_ of Sir Walter Raleigh, the
+_Utopia_ of Sir Thomas More, the _Atlantis_ of Lord Bacon, the
+_Laputa_ of Dean Swift, and other places better known in story than in
+geography.
+
+CIRCE (2 _syl_.), a sorceress who metamorphosed the companions of
+Ulysses into swine. Ulysses resisted the enchantment by means of the
+herb _moly_, given him by Mercury.
+
+  Who knows not Circe,
+  The daughter of the sun, whose charmed cup
+  Whoever tasted lost his upright shape,
+  And downward fell into a grovelling swine?
+  Milton, _Comus_ (1634).
+
+CIRCUIT _(Serjeant)_, in Foote's farce called _The Lame Lover_.
+
+CIS'LEY or CISS, any dairy-maid. Tusser frequently speaks of the
+"dairy-maid Cisley," and in _April Husbandry_ tells Ciss she must
+carefully keep these ten guests from her cheeses: Gehazi, Lot's wife,
+Argus, Tom Piper, Crispin, Lazarus, Esau, Mary Maudlin, Gentiles and
+bishops. (1)Gehazi, because a cheese should never be a dead white,
+like Gehazi the leper. (2) Lot's wife, because a cheese should not be
+too salt, like Lot's wife. (3) Argus, because a cheese should not be
+full of eyes, like Argus. (4) Tom Piper, because a cheese should
+not be "hoven and puffed," like the cheeks of a piper. (5) Crispin,
+because a cheese should not be leathery, as if for a cobbler's use.
+(6) Lazarus, because a cheese should not be poor, like the beggar
+Lazarus. (7) Esau, because a cheese should not be hairy, like Esau.
+(8) Mary Maudlin, because a cheese should not be full of whey, as Mary
+Maudlin was full of tears. (9) Gentiles, because a cheese should not
+be full of maggots or gentils. (10) Bishops, because a cheese should
+not be made of burnt milk, or milk "banned by a bishop."--T. Tusser,
+_Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, ("April," 1557).
+
+CITIZEN _(The)_, a farce by Arthur Murphy. George Philpot is destined
+to be the husband of Maria Wilding, but as Maria Wilding is in love
+with Beaufort, she behaves so sillily to her betrothed that he refuses
+to marry her, whereupon she gives her hand to Beaufort (1757).
+
+CITY MADAM _(The)_, a comedy by Philip Massinger (1633). She was the
+daughter of a farmer named Goodman Humble, and married a merchant, Sir
+John Frugal, who became immensely wealthy, but retired from business,
+and by a deed of gift transferred his wealth to his brother Luke,
+whereby madam and her daughter were both dependent on him. During her
+days of wealth the extravagance of Lady Frugal was unbounded, and her
+dress costly beyond conception; but Luke reduced her state to that of
+farmers' daughters in general. Luke says to her:
+
+  You were served in plate;
+  Stirred not a foot without a coach, and going
+  To church, not for devotion, but to show
+  Your pomp.
+
+_The City Madam_ is an extraordinarily spirited picture of actual
+life, idealized into a semi-comic strain of poetry.--Professor
+Spaulding.
+
+CLADPOLE _(Tim)_, Richard Lower, of Chiddingly, author of _Tom
+Cladpole's Journey to Lunnun_ (1831); _Jan Cladpole's Trip to
+'Merricur_ (1844), etc.
+
+CLAIMANT _(The)._ William Knollys, in in _The Great Banbury Case_,
+claimed the baronetcy, but was non-suited. This suit lasted 150 years
+(1660-1811).
+
+Douglas _v_. Hamilton, in _The Great Douglas Case_, was settled in
+favor of the claimant, who was at once raised to the peerage under
+the name and title of Baron Douglas of Douglas Castle, but was not
+restored to the title of duke (1767-1769).
+
+Tom Provis, a schoolmaster of ill repute, who had married a servant of
+Sir Hugh Smithes of Ashton Hall, near Bristol, claimed the baronetcy
+and estates, but was non-suited and condemned to imprisonment for
+twenty-one years (1853).
+
+Arthur Orton, who claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne (drowned at sea).
+He was non-suited and sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for
+perjury (1871-1872).
+
+CLAIRE TWINING, daughter of a refined man, the scion of an old English
+family and a vulgar woman who marries him to escape from poverty.
+After his death, the daughter begins her career of rising in the
+social scale, using a wealthy school-fellow as the first step, a
+well-born husband as the last. The emptiness and vanity of what she
+gained are well set forth in _An Ambitious Woman_, by Edgar Fawcett.
+(1883).
+
+CLANDESTINE MARRIAGE _(The)._ Fanny Sterling, the younger daughter of
+Mr. Sterling, a rich city merchant, is clandestinely married to Mr.
+Lovewell, an apprentice in the house, of good family; and Sir John
+Melvil is engaged to Miss Sterling, the elder sister. Lord Ogleby is
+a guest in the merchant's house. Sir John prefers Fanny to her elder
+sister, and, not knowing of her marriage, proposes to her, but is
+rejected. Fanny appeals to Lord Ogleby, who, being a vain old fop,
+fancies she is in love with him, and tells Sterling he means to make
+her a countess. Matters being thus involved, Lovewell goes to consult
+with Fanny about declaring their marriage, and the sister, convinced
+that Sir John is shut up in her sister's room, rouses the house with
+a cry of "Thieves!" Fanny and Lovewell now make their appearance. All
+parties are scandalized. But Fanny declares they have been married
+four months, and Lord Ogleby takes their part. So all ends well.--G.
+Colman and D. Garrick (1766).
+
+This comedy is a _rechauffe_ of _The False Concord_, by Rev. James
+Townley, many of the characters and much of the dialogue being
+preserved.
+
+CLA'RA, in Otway's comedy called _The Cheats of Scapin_, an English
+version of _Les Fourberies de Scapin_, by Moliere, represents the
+French character called "Hyacinthe." Her father is called by Otway
+"Gripe," and by Moliere "Geronte" (2 _syl_.); her brother is
+"Leander," in French "Leandre;" and her sweetheart "Octavian" son of
+"Thrifty," in French "Octave" son of "Argante." The sum of money wrung
+from Gripe is L200, but that squeezed out of Geronte is 1,500 livres.
+
+CLARA [D'ALMANZA], daughter of Don Guzman of Seville, beloved by
+Don Ferdinand, but destined by her mother for a cloister. She loves
+Ferdinand, but repulses him from shyness and modesty, quits home and
+takes refuge in St. Catherine's Convent. Ferdinand discovers
+her retreat, and after a few necessary blunders they are
+married.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_ (1773).
+
+_Clara (Donna)_, the troth-plight wife of Octavio. Her affianced
+husband, having killed Don Felix in a duel, was obliged to lie _perdu_
+for a time, and Clara, assuming her brother's clothes and name, went
+in search of him. Both came to Salamanca, both set up at the Eagle,
+both hired the same servant, Lazarillo, and ere long they met,
+recognized each other, and became man and wife.--Jephson, _Two Strings
+to your Bow_ (1792).
+
+_Clara_ [DOUGLAS], a lovely girl of artless mind, feeling heart, great
+modesty, and well accomplished. She loved Alfred Evelyn, but refused
+to marry him because they were both too poor to support a house.
+Evelyn was left an immense fortune, and proposed to Georgina Vesey,
+but Georgina gave her hand to Sir Frederick Blount. Being thus
+disentangled, Evelyn again proposed to Clara, and was joyfully
+accepted.--Lord L. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+CLARCHEN _[Kler'.kn]_, a female character in Goethe's _Egmont_, noted
+for her constancy and devotion.
+
+CLARE _(Ada)_, cousin of Richard Carstone, both of whom are orphans
+and wards in Chancery. They marry each other, but Richard dies young,
+blighted by the law's delays in the great Chancery suit of "Jarndyce
+_v_. Jarndyce."--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+CLARENCE _(George Duke of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Anne of
+Geierstein_ (time Edward IV.).
+
+CLARENCE AND THE MALMSEY BUTT. According to tradition, George, Duke of
+Clarence, having joined Warwick to replace Henry VI. on the throne,
+was put to death, and the choice being offered him, was drowned in a
+butt of malmsey wine (1478).
+
+CLARENDON _(The Earl of_), Lord Chancellor to Charles II. Introduced
+by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+CLARIBEL _(Sir)_, surnamed "The Lewd." One of the six knights who
+contended for the false Florimel.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9
+(1593).
+
+_Clar'ibel_, the pseudonym of Mrs. Barnard, author of numerous popular
+songs (from 1865 to).
+
+CLAR'ICE (3 _syl_.), wife of Rinaldo, and sister of Huon of Bordeaux.
+Introduced in the romances of Bojardo, Ariosto, Tasso, etc.
+
+CLARIN OR CLARIN'DA, the confidential maid of Radigund, queen of the
+Am'azons. When the queen had got Sir Ar'tegal into her power, and made
+him change his armor for an apron, and his sword for a distaff, she
+fell in love with the captive, and sent Clarin to win him over by fair
+promises and indulgences. Clarin performed the appointed mission, but
+fell in love herself with the knight, and told the queen that Sir
+Artegal was obstinate, and rejected her advances with scorn.--Spenser,
+_Faery Queen_, v. 5 (1596).
+
+CLARINDA, the heroine of Mrs. Centlivre's drama _The Beau's Duel_
+(1703).
+
+[Illustration] "Estifania," in _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_, by
+Beaumont and Fletcher.
+
+_Clarin'da_, a merry, good-humored, high-spirited lady, in love with
+Charles Frankly. The madcap Ranger is her cousin.--Dr. Hoadly, _The
+Suspicious Husband_ (1747).
+
+_Clarinda_ of Robert Burns, was Mrs. Maclehose, who was alive in 1833.
+
+CLARION, the son and heir of Muscarol. He was the fairest and most
+prosperous of all the race of flies. Aragnol, the son of Arachne (the
+spider), entertained a deep and secret hatred of the young prince, and
+set himself to destroy him; so, weaving a most curious net, Clarion
+was soon caught, and Aragnol gave him his death-wound by piercing him
+under the left wing.--Spenser _Muiopotmos or The Butterfly's Fate_
+(1590).
+
+CLARIS'SA, wife of Gripe the scrivener. A lazy, lackadaisical, fine
+city lady, who thinks "a woman must be of mechanic mold who is either
+troubled or pleased with anything her husband can do" (act i. 3). She
+has "wit and beauty, with a fool to her husband," but though "fool," a
+hard, grasping, mean old hunks.
+
+_Claris'sa_, sister of Beverley, plighted to George Bellmont.--A.
+Murphy, _All in the Wrong_, (1761).
+
+CLARISSA HARLOWE. (See HARLOWE.)
+
+CLARK _(The Rev T.)_., the pseudonym of John Gall, the novelist (1779
+1839).
+
+CLARKE _(The Rev. C. C.)_, one of the many pseudonyms of Sir Richard
+Phillips, author of _The Hundred Wonders of the World_ (1818),
+_Readings in Natural Philosophy_.
+
+CLARSIE, the mountain maid who, going out at dawn to "try her
+fortune," discovers the "Harnt" that walks Chilhowee.--Charles Egbert
+Craddock (Mary Noailles Murfree), _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1884).
+
+CLA'THO, the last wife of Fingal and mother of Fillan, Fingal's
+youngest son.
+
+CLAUDE _(The English_), Richard Wilson (1714-1782).
+
+CLAU'DINE (2 _syl_.), wife of the porter of the hotel Harancour, and
+old nurse of Julio "the deaf and dumb" count. She recognizes the lad,
+who had been rescued by De l'Epee from the streets of Paris, and
+brought up by him under the name of Theodore. Ultimately, the guardian
+Darlemont confesses that he had sent him adrift under the hope of
+getting rid of him; but being proved to be the count, he is restored
+to his rank and property.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).
+
+CLAUDIO _(Lord)_ of Florence, a friend of Don Pedro, Prince of
+Arragon, and engaged to Hero (daughter of Leonato, governor of
+Messina)--Shakespeare, _Much Ado about Nothing_ (1600).
+
+_Claudio_, condemned to die for betraying his mistress Juliet, tries
+to buy his life at the sacrifice of his sister Isabella's honor,
+shamefully pursued by Angelo, the Duke's deputy.--Shakespeare,
+_Measure for Measure_.
+
+CLAU'DIUS, King of Denmark, who poisoned his brother, married the
+widow, and usurped the throne. Claudius induced Laertes to challenge
+Hamlet to play with foils, but persuaded him to poison his weapon. In
+the combat the foils got changed, and Hamlet wounded Laertes with the
+poisoned weapon. In order still further to secure the death of Hamlet,
+Claudius had a cup of poisoned wine prepared, which he intended to
+give Hamlet when he grew thirsty with playing. The queen, drinking of
+this cup, died of poison, and Hamlet, rushing on Claudius, stabbed him
+and cried aloud, "Here, thou incestuous, murderous Dane.... Follow my
+mother!"--Shakespeare, _Hamlet_ (1596). [Illustration] In the _History
+of Hamblet_, Claudius is called "Fengon," a far better name for a
+Dane.
+
+_Claudius_, the instrument of Appius the decemvir for entrapping
+Virginia. He pretended that Virginia was his slave, who had been
+stolen from him and sold to Virginius.--J. S. Knowles, _Virginius_
+(1820).
+
+_Claudius (Mathias)_, a German poet born at Rheinfeld, and author of
+the famous song called _Rheinweinlied_ ("Rhenish wine song"), sung at
+all convivial feasts of the Germans.
+
+  Claudius, though he sang of flagons,
+  And huge tankards filled with Rhenish,
+  From the fiery blood of dragons
+  Never would his own replenish.
+  Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+CLAUS _(Peter)._ (See under K.)
+
+_Claus (Santa)_, a familiar name for St. Nicholas, the patron saint of
+children. On Christmas Eve German children have presents stowed
+away in their socks and shoes while they are asleep, and the little
+credulous ones suppose that Santa Claus or Klaus placed them there.
+
+St. Nicholas is said to have supplied three destitute maidens with
+marriage portions by secretly leaving money with their widowed mother,
+and as his day occurs just before Christmas, he was selected for the
+gift-giver on Christmas Eve.--Yonge.
+
+"CLAVERHOUSE," or the Marquis of Argyll, a kinsman of Ravenswood,
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William
+III.).
+
+_Claver'house_ (3 _syl_.), John Graham of Claverhouse (Viscount
+Dundee), a relentless Jacobite, so rapacious and profane, so violent
+in temper and obdurate of heart, that every Scotchman hates the name.
+He hunted the Covenanters with real vindictiveness, and is a by-word
+for barbarity and cruelty (1650-1689).
+
+CLAVIJO _(Don)_, a cavalier who "could touch the guitar to admiration,
+write poetry, dance divinely, and had a fine genius for making
+bird-cages." He married the Princess Antonomesia of Candaya, and was
+metamorphosed by Malambruno into a crocodile of some unknown metal.
+Don Quixote disenchanted him "by simply attempting the adventure."--
+Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+CLAVILEN'O, the wooden horse on which Don Quixote got astride in order
+to disenchant the Infanta Antonoma'sia, her husband, and the Countess
+Trifaldi (called the "Dolori'da Duena"). It was "the very horse
+on which Peter of Provence carried off the fair Magalone, and was
+constructed by Merlin." This horse was called Clavileno or wooden Peg,
+because it was governed by a wooden pin in the forehead.--Cervantes,
+_Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).
+
+There is one peculiar advantage attending this horse; he neither eats,
+drinks, sleeps, nor wants shoeing.... His name is not Pegasus, nor
+Bucephalus; nor is it Brilladoro, the name of the steed of Orlando
+Furioso; neither is it Bayarte, which belonged to Reynaldo de
+Montalbon; nor Bootes, nor Peritoa, the horses of the sun; but his
+name is Clavileno the Winged.--Chap. 4.
+
+CLAYPOLE _(Noah), alias_ "Morris Bolter," an ill-conditioned
+charity-boy, who takes down the shutters of Sowerberry's shop and
+receives broken meats from Charlotte (Sowerberry's servant), whom he
+afterwards marries.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+CLAY AND RANDOLPH. In his _Thirty Years' View_, Thomas Hart Benton
+gives a graphic description of the famous duel between Henry Clay and
+John Randolph, of Roanoke (April 8, 1826).
+
+After two shots had been exchanged without injury to either, the two
+statesmen shook hands, Randolph remarking: "You owe me a coat, Mr.
+Clay," a bullet having passed through his; and Mr. Clay answered: "I
+am glad the debt is no greater!" (1854).
+
+CLEANTE (2 _syl_.), brother-in-law of Orgon. He is distinguished
+for his genuine piety, and is both high-minded and
+compassionate.--Moliere, _La Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+_Cleante_ (2 _Syl._), son of Har'pagon the miser, in love with Mariane
+(3 _syl_.). Harpagon, though 60 years old, wished to marry the same
+young lady, but Cleante solved the difficulty thus: He dug up a casket
+of gold from the garden, hidden under a tree by the miser, and while
+Harpagon was raving about the loss of his gold, Cleante told him
+he might take his choice between Mariane and the gold. The miser
+preferred the casket, which was restored to him, and Cleante married
+Mariane.--Moliere, _L'Avar_ (1667).
+
+_Cleante_ (2 _syl_.), the lover of Angelique, daughter of Argan the
+_malade imaginaire_. As Argan had promised Angelique in marriage to
+Thomas Diafoirus, a young surgeon, Cleante carries on his love as a
+music-master, and though Argan is present, the lovers sing to each
+other their plans under the guise of an interlude called "Tircis and
+Philis." Ultimately, Argan assents to the marriage of his daughter
+with Cleante.--Moliere, _Le Malade Imaginaire_ (1673).
+
+CLEAN'THE (2 _syl_.), sister of Siphax of Paphos.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (1617).
+
+_Cleanthe_ (3 _syl_.), the lady beloved by Ion.--Talfourd, _Ion_
+(1835).
+
+CLEAN'THES (3 _syl_.), son of Leon'ides and husband of Hippolita,
+noted for his filial piety. The Duke of Epire made a law that all
+men who had attained the age of 80 should be put to death as useless
+incumbrances of the commonwealth. Simonides, a young libertine,
+admired the law, but Cleanthes looked on it with horror, and
+determined to save his father from its operation. Accordingly, he gave
+out that his father was dead, and an ostentatious funeral took place;
+but Cleanthes retired to a wood, where he concealed Leon'ides, while
+he and his wife waited on him and administered to his wants.--_The
+Old Law_ (a comedy of Philip Massinger, T. Middleton, and W. Rowley,
+1620).
+
+CLEGG _(Holdfast)_, a Puritan mill-wright.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of
+the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CLEISH'BOTHAM _(Jededi'ah)_, schoolmaster and parish clerk of
+Gandercleuch, who employed his assistant teacher to arrange and edit
+the tales told by the landlord of the Wallace Inn of the same parish.
+These tales the editor disposed in three series, called by the general
+title of _The Tales of My Landlord (q.v.)._ (See introduction to
+_The Black Dwarf_.) Of course the real author is Sir Walter Scott
+(1771-1832).
+
+_Mrs. Dorothea Cleishbotham_, wife of the schoolmaster, a perfect
+Xantippe, and a "sworn sister of the Eumen'ides."
+
+CLE'LIA OR CLOE'LIA, a Roman maiden, one of the hostages given to
+Por'sena. She made her escape from the Etruscan camp by swimming
+across the Tiber. Being sent back by the Romans, Porsena not only set
+her at liberty for her gallant deed, but allowed her to take with her
+a part of the hostages. Mdlle. Scuderi has a novel on the subject,
+entitled _Clelie, Histoire Romaine_.
+
+  Our statues--not those that men desire--
+  Sleek odalisques _[Turkish slaves_] ... but
+  The Carian Artemisia ... _[See Artemisia_.]
+  Clelia, Cornelia ... and the Roman brows
+  Of Agrippina.
+
+  Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+_Cle'lia_, a vain, frivolous female butterfly, with a smattering of
+everything. In youth she was a coquette; and when youth was passed,
+tried sundry means to earn a living, but without success.--Crabbe,
+_Borough_ (1810).
+
+CLELIE (2 _syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Mdlle. Scuderi.
+(See CLELIA.)
+
+CLEMENT, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Clem'ent (Justice)_, a man quite able to discern between fun and
+crime. Although he had the weakness "of justices' justice." he had not
+the weakness of ignorant vulgarity.
+
+_Knowell_. They say he will commit a man for taking the wall of his
+horse.
+
+_Wellbred_. Ay, or for wearing his cloak on one shoulder, or serving
+God. Anything, indeed, if it comes in the way of his humor.--B.
+Jonson, _Every Man in His Humor_, iii. 2 (1598).
+
+CLEMENTI'NA _(The Lady_), an amiable, delicate, beautiful,
+accomplished, but unfortunate woman, deeply in love with Sir Charles
+Grandison. Sir Charles married Harriet Byron.--S. Richardson, _The
+History of Sir Charles Grandison_ (1753).
+
+Cle'ofas (_Don_), the hero of a novel by Lesage, entitled _Le Diable
+Boiteux_ (_The Devil on Two Sticks_). A fiery young Spaniard, proud,
+high-spirited and revengeful; noted for gallantry but not without
+generous sentiment. Asmode'us (4 _syl_.) shows him what is going on in
+private families by unroofing the houses (1707).
+
+CLEOM'BROTUS or Ambracio'ta of Ambrac'ia, (in Epirus). Having read
+Plato's book on the soul's immortality and happiness in another life,
+he was so ravished with the description that he leaped into the sea
+that he might die and enjoy Plato's elysium.
+
+  He who to enjoy
+  Plato's elysium leaped into the sea,
+  Cleombrotus.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 471, etc. (1665).
+
+CLEOM'ENES (4 _syl_.), the hero and title of a drama by Dryden (1692).
+As Dryden came out of the theatre a young fop of fashion said to him:
+"If I had been left alone with a young beauty, I would not have spent
+my time like your Spartan hero." "Perhaps not," said the poet, "but
+you are not my hero."--W. C. Russell, _Representative Actors_.
+
+_Cleom'enes_ (4 _syl_.). "The Venus of Cleomenes" is now called "The
+Venus de Medici." Such a mere moist lump was once ... "the Venus of
+Cleomenes."--Ouida, _Ariadne_, i. 8.
+
+CLE'ON, governor of Tarsus, burnt to death with his wife Dionys'ia
+by the enraged citizens, to revenge the supposed murder of Mari'na,
+daughter of Per'icles, Prince of Tyre.--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince
+of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+_Cle'on_, the personification of Glory.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_.
+
+CLEOP'ATRA, Queen of Egypt, wife of Ptolemy Dionysius, her brother.
+She was driven from her throne, but re-established by Julius Caesar,
+B.C. 47. Antony, captivated by her, repudiated his wife, Octavia, to
+live with the fascinating Egyptian. After the loss of the battle of
+Actium, Cleopatra killed herself by an asp.
+
+E. Jodelle wrote in French a tragedy called _Cleopatre Captive_
+(1550); Jean Mairet one called _Cleopatre_ (1630); Isaac de Benserade
+(1670); J. F. Marmontel (1750), and Mde. de Girardin (1847) wrote
+tragedies in French on the same subject. S. Daniel (1600) wrote a
+tragedy in English called _Cleopatra_; Shakespeare one called _Antony
+and Cleopatra_ (1608); and Dryden one on the same subject, called _All
+for Love_ or _the World Well Lost_ (1682).
+
+[Illustration] Mrs. Oldfield (1683-1730) and Peg (Margaret) Woffington
+(1718-1760) were unrivalled in this character.
+
+_Cleopatra and the Pearl_. The tale is that Cleopatra made a sumptuous
+banquet, which excited the surprise of Antony; whereupon the queen
+took a pearl ear-drop, dissolved it in a strong acid and drank the
+liquor to the health of the triumvir, saying: "My draught to Antony
+shall exceed in value the whole banquet."
+
+[Illustration] When Queen Elizabeth visited the Exchange, Sir Thomas
+Gresham pledged her health in a cup of wine containing a precious
+stone crushed to atoms, and worth L15,000.
+
+Here L15,000 at one clap goes Instead of sugar; Gresham drinks the
+pearl Unto his queen and mistress. Pledge it; love it!--Th. Heywood,
+_If You Know not Me. You Know Nobody_.
+
+_Cleopatra in Hades_. Cleopatra, says Rabelais, is "a crier of onions"
+in the shades below. The Latin for a pearl and onion is _unio_, and
+the pun refers to Cleopatra giving her _pearl_ (or _onion_) to Antony
+in a draught of wine, or, as some say, drinking it herself in toasting
+her lover.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, ii. 30 (1553).
+
+_Cleopat'ra_, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy Philome'ter, King of
+Egypt. She first married Alexander Bala, the usurper (B.C. 149); next
+Deme'trius Nica'nor. Demetrius, being taken prisoner by the Parthians,
+married Rodogune (3 _syl_.), daughter of Phraa'tes (3 _syl_.) the
+Parthian king, and Cleopatra married Antiochus Sidetes, brother of
+Demetrius. She slew her son Seleucus (by Demetrius) for treason, and
+as this produced a revolt, abdicated in favor of her second son,
+Anti'ochus VIII., who compelled her to drink poison which she had
+prepared for himself. P. Corneille has made this the subject of his
+tragedy called _Rodogune_ (1646).
+
+[Illustration] This is not the Cleopatra of Shakespeare's and Dryden's
+tragedies.
+
+_Cleopatra_. In his _Graffiti d'Italia_, William Wetmore Story gives a
+passionate soliloquy of the Egyptian Queen, beginning:--
+
+  "Here, Charmian, take my bracelets;
+  They bar with a purple stain
+  My arms."
+
+  (1868).
+
+CLERE'MONT (2 _syl_.), a merry gentleman, the friend of
+Dinant'.--"Beaumont and Fletcher" _The Little French Lawyer_ (1547).
+
+CLER'IMOND, niece of the Green Knight, sister of Fer'ragus the giant,
+and bride of Valentine the brave.--_Valentine and Orson_.
+
+CLERKS _(St. Nicholas's)_, thieves, also called "St. Nicholas's
+Clergymen," in allusion to the tradition of "St. Nicholas and the
+thieves." Probably a play on the words _Nich-olas_ and _Old Nick_ may
+be designed.--See Shakespeare, 1 _Henry IV_. act ii. sc. 1 (1597).
+
+CLESS'AMMOR, son of Thaddu and brother of Morna (Fingal's mother). He
+married Moina, daughter of Reutha'mir (the principal man of Balclutha,
+on the Clyde). It so happened that Moina was beloved by a Briton named
+Reuda, who came with an army to carry her off. Reuda was slain by
+Clessammor; but Clessammor, being closely pressed by the Britons,
+fled, and never again saw his bride. In due time a son was born,
+called Carthon; but the mother died. While Carthon was still an
+infant, Fingal's father attacked Balclutha, and slew Reuthama
+(Carthon's grandfather). While the boy grew to manhood, he determined
+on vengeance; accordingly he invaded Morven, the kingdom of Fingal,
+where Clessammor, not knowing who he was, engaged him in single
+combat, and slew him. When he discovered that it was his son,
+three days he mourned for him, and on the fourth he died.--Ossian,
+_Carthon_.
+
+CLEVE'LAND _(Barbara Villiers, Duchess of)_, one of the mistresses of
+Charles II., introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_.
+
+_Cleve'land_ (Captain Clement), alias Vaughan [_Vawn_], "the pirate,"
+son of Norna of the Fitful Head. He is in love with Minna Troil
+(daughter of Magnus Troil, the udaller of Zetland).--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Pirate_ (time, William III).
+
+CLEVER, the man-servant of Hero Sutton, "the city maiden." When Hero
+assumed the guise of a quaker, Clever called himself Obadiah, and
+pretended to be a rigid quaker also. His constant exclamation was
+"Umph! "--S. Knowles, _Woman's Wit, etc_. (1838).
+
+Clifford _(Sir Thomas_), betrothed to Julia (daughter of Master Walter
+"the hunchback"). He is wise, honest, truthful, and well-favored,
+kind, valiant, and prudent.--S. Knowles, _The Hunchback_ (1831).
+
+_Clifford, (Mr.)_, the heir of Sir William Charlton in right of his
+mother, and in love with Lady Emily Gayville. The scrivener Alscrip
+had fraudulently got possession of the deeds of the Charlton estates,
+which he had given to his daughter called "the heiress," and which
+amounted to L2000 a year; but Rightly, the lawyer, discovered the
+fraud, and "the heiress" was compelled to relinquish this part of
+her fortune. Clifford then proposed to Lady Emily, and was
+accepted.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_. (1781).
+
+_Clifford (Paul)_, a highwayman, reformed by the power of love.--Lord
+Lytton, _Paul Clifford_ (1830).
+
+_Clifford (Rosamond)_, usually called "The Fair Rosamond," the
+favorite mistress of Henry II.; daughter of Walter Lord Clifford. She
+is introduced by Tennyson in his tragedy _Becket_. Miss Terry acted
+the part. Dryden says:
+
+  _Jane_ Clifford was her name, as books aver,
+  "Fair Rosamond" was but her _nom de guerre.
+
+Epilogue to Henry II_.
+
+_Clifford (Henry Lord_), a general in the English army.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+CLIFTON (_Harry_), lieutenant of H.M. ship _Tiger_. A daring, dashing,
+care-for-nobody young English sailor, delighting in adventure, and
+loving a good scrape. He and his companion Mat Mizen take the side of
+El Hyder, and help to re-establish the Chereddin, Prince of Delhi, who
+had been dethroned by Hamlet Abdulerim.--Barrymore, _El Hyder, Chief
+of the Ghaut Mountains_.
+
+CLIM OF THE CLOUGH. (See CLYM).
+
+CLINK (_Jem_), the turnkey at Newgate.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the
+Peak_ (time, Charles II).
+
+CLINKER (_Humphry_), a poor work-house lad, put out by the parish as
+apprentice to a blacksmith, and afterwards employed as an ostler's
+assistant and extra postilion. Being dismissed from the stables, he
+enters the service of Mr. Bramble, a fretful, grumpy, but kind-hearted
+and generous old gentleman, greatly troubled with gout. Here he falls
+in love with Winifred Jenkins, Miss Tabitha Brambles's maid, and turns
+out to be a natural son of Mr. Bramble.--T. Smollett, _The Expedition
+of Humphry Clinker_ (1771.)
+
+CLIP'PURSE (_Lawyer_), the lawyer employed by Sir Everard Waverley to
+make his will.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+CLIQUOT (_Klee'ko_), a nickname given by _Punch_ to Frederick William
+IV. of Prussia, from his love of champagne of the "Cliquot brand"
+(1795, 1840-1861).
+
+CLITANDRE, a wealthy bourgeois, in love with Henriette, "the thorough
+woman," by whom he is beloved with fervent affection. Her elder
+sister, Armande (2 _syl_.), also loves him, but her love is of the
+platonic hue, and Clitandre prefers in a wife the warmth of woman's
+love to the marble of philosophic ideality.--Moliere, _Les Femmes
+Savantes_ (1672).
+
+CLOACI'NA, the presiding personification of city sewers. (Latin,
+_cloaca_, "a sewer.")
+
+  ...Cloacina, goddess of the tide,
+  Whose sable streams beneath the city glide.
+
+  Gay, _Trivia_, ii. (1712).
+
+CLOD'DIPOLE (3 _syl_.), "the wisest lout of all the neighboring
+plain." Appointed to decide the contention between Cuddy and Lobbin
+Clout.
+
+  From Cloddipole we learn to read the skies,
+  To know when hail will fall, or winds arise;
+  He taught us erst the heifer's tail to view,
+  When struck aloft that showers would straight ensue.
+  He first that useful secret did explain,
+  That pricking corns foretell the gathering rain;
+  When swallows fleet soar high and sport in air,
+  He told us that the welkin would be clear.
+
+  Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+(Cloddipole is the "Palaemon" of Virgil's _Ecl._ iii.).
+
+CLO'DIO _(Count)_, governor. A dishonorable pursuer of Zeno'cia, the
+chaste troth-plight wife of Arnoldo.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The
+Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+_Clodio_, the younger son of Don Antonio, a coxcomb and braggart.
+Always boasting of his great acquaintances, his conquests, and
+his duels. His snuff-box he thinks more of than his lady-love, he
+interlards his speech with French, and exclaims "Split me!" by way of
+oath. Clodio was to have married Angelina, but the lady preferred
+his elder brother, Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio engaged himself to
+Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_ (1694).
+
+CLO'E, in love with the shepherd, Thenot, but Thenot rejects her suit
+out of admiration of the constancy of Clorinda for her dead lover. She
+is wanton, coarse, and immodest, the very reverse of Clorinda, who is
+a virtuous, chaste, and faithful shepherdess. ("Thenot," the final _t_
+is sounded.)--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610). (See
+CHLOE).
+
+CLO'RA, sister of Fabrit'io, the merry soldier, and the sprightly
+companion of Frances (sister to Frederick).--Beaumont and Fletcher,
+_The Captain_ (1613).
+
+CLORIDA'NO, a humble Moorish youth, who joined Medo'ro in seeking the
+body of King Dardinello to bury it. Medoro being wounded, Cloridano
+rushed madly into the ranks of the enemy and was slain.--Ariosto,
+_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+CLORIN'DA, daughter of Sena'pus of Ethiopia (a Christian). Being born
+white, her mother changed her for a black child. The Eunuch Arse'tes
+(3 _syl_.) was entrusted with the infant Clorinda, and as he was going
+through a forest, saw a tiger, dropped the child, and sought safety in
+a tree. The tiger took the babe and suckled it, after which the
+eunuch carried the child to Egypt. In the siege of Jerusalem by the
+Crusaders, Clorinda was a leader of the Pagan forces. Tancred fell in
+love with her, but slew her unknowingly in a night attack. Before she
+expired she received Christian baptism at the hands of Tancred, who
+greatly mourned her death.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xii. (1675).
+
+(The story of Clorinda is borrowed from the _Theag'anes and
+Charicle'a_ of Heliodorus Bishop of Trikka).
+
+_Clorinda_, "the faithful shepherdess" called "The Virgin of the
+Grove," faithful to her buried love. From this beautiful character
+Milton has drawn his "lady" in _Comus_. Compare the words of the
+"First Brother" about chastity, in Milton's _Comus_, with these lines
+of Clorinda:
+
+  Yet I have heard (my mother told it me),
+  And now I do believe it, if I keep
+  My virgin flower uncropt, pure, chaste, and fair,
+  No goblin, wood-god, fairy, elf, or fiend,
+  Satyr, or other power that haunts the groves
+  Shall hurt my body, or by vain illusion
+  Draw me to wander after idle fires,
+  Or voices calling me in dead of night
+  To make me follow and so tole me on
+  Through mire and standing-pools, to find my ruin.
+  ...Sure there's a power
+  In the great name of Virgin that binds fast
+  All rude, uncivil bloods.... Then strong Chastity,
+  Be thou my strongest guard.
+
+--J. Fletcher,--_The Faithful Shepherdess_ (1610).
+
+CLORIS, the damsel beloved by Prince Prettyman.--Duke of Buckingham,
+_The Rehearsal_ (1671).
+
+CLOTAIRE (2 _syl_). The King of France exclaimed on his death-bed:
+"Oh, how great must be the King of Heaven, if He can kill so mighty a
+monarch as I am!"--_Gregory of Tours_, iv. 21.
+
+CLOTEN or CLOTON, King of Cornwall, one of the five kings of Britain
+after the extinction of the line of Brute (1 _syl_.).--Geoffrey,
+_British History_, ii. 17 (1142).
+
+_Cloten_, a vindictive lout, son of the second wife of Cymbeline by a
+former husband. He is noted for "his unmeaning frown, his shuffling
+gait, his burst of voice, his bustling insignificance, his
+fever-and-ague fits of valor, his froward tetchiness, his unprincipled
+malice, and occasional gleams of good sense." Cloten is the rejected
+lover of Imogen (the daughter of his father-in-law by his first wife),
+and is slain in a duel by Guiderius.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CLOTHA'RIUS or CLOTHAIRE, leader of the Franks after the death of
+Hugo. He is shot with an arrow by Clorinda.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
+Delivered_, xi. (1675).
+
+_Cloud (St.)_, patron saint of nail-smiths. A play on the French word
+_clou_ ("a nail").
+
+CLOUDES'LEY _(William of_), a famous north-country archer, the
+companion of Adam Bell and Clym of the Clough. Their feats of robbery
+were chiefly carried on in Englewood Forest, near Carlisle. William
+was taken prisoner at Carlisle, and was about to be hanged, but was
+rescued by his two companions. The three then went to London to ask
+pardon of the King, which at the Queen's intercession was granted. The
+King begged to see specimens of their skill in archery, and was so
+delighted therewith, that he made William a "gentleman of fe," and the
+other two "yemen of his chambre." The feat of William was very similar
+to that of William Tell _(q.v.)._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 1.
+
+CLOUT _(Colin)_, a shepherd loved by Marian "the parson's maid,"
+but for whom Colin (who loved Cicily) felt no affection. (See COLIN
+CLOUT).
+
+  Young Colin Clout, a lad of peerless meed,
+  Full well could dance, and deftly tune the reed;
+  In every wood his carols sweet were known,
+  At every wake his nimble feats were shown.
+
+Gay, _Pastoral_, ii. (1714).
+
+_Clout (Loblin)_, a shepherd in love with Blouzelinda. He challenged
+Cuddy to a contest of song in praise of their respective sweethearts,
+and Cloddipole was appointed umpire. Cloddipole was unable to award
+the prize, for each merited "an oaken staff for his pains." "Have
+done, however, for the herds are weary of the song, and so am
+I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+CLOYSE _(Goody)._ A pious and exemplary dame, especially well-versed
+in the catechism, who, in Goodman Brown's fantasy of the witches'
+revel in the forest, joins him on his way thither, and croaks over
+the loss of her broomstick, which was "all anointed with the juice of
+small-age and cinquefoil and wolf's bane--" "Mingled with fine wheat
+and the fat of a new-born babe," says another shape.--Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854).
+
+CLUB-BEARER _(The)_, Periphe'tes, the robber of Ar'golis, who murdered
+his victims with an iron club.--_Greek Fable_.
+
+CLUMSEY _(Sir Tunbelly_), father of Miss Hoyden. A mean, ill-mannered
+squire and justice of the peace, living near Scarborough. Most
+cringing to the aristocracy, whom he toadies and courts. Sir Tunbelly
+promises to give his daughter in marriage to Lord Foppington, but
+Tom Fashion, his lordship's younger brother, pretends to be Lord
+Foppington, gains admission to the family and marries her. When the
+real Lord Foppington arrives he is treated as an imposter, but Tom
+confesses the ruse. His lordship treats the knight with such ineffable
+contempt, that Sir Tunbelly's temper is aroused, and Tom is received
+into high favor.--Sheridan, _A Trip to Scarborough_ (1777).
+
+[Illustration] This character appears in Vanbrugh's _Relapse_,
+of which comedy the _Trip to Scarborough_ is an abridgment and
+adaptation.
+
+CLU'RICAUNE (3 _syl_.), an Irish elf of evil disposition, especially
+noted for his knowledge of hidden treasure. He generally assumes the
+appearance of a wrinkled old man.
+
+CLUTTERBUCK (_Captain_), the hypothetical editor of some of Sir Walter
+Scott's novels, as _The Monastery_ and _The Fortunes of Nigel_.
+Captain Clutterbuck is a retired officer, who employs himself in
+antiquarian researches and literary idleness. _The Abbot_ is dedicated
+by the "author of _Waverley_" to "Captain Clutterbuck," late of his
+majesty's--infantry regiment.
+
+CLYM OF THE CLOUGH ("_Clement of the Cliff_"), noted outlaw,
+associated with Adam Bell and William of Cloudesley, in Englewood
+Forest, near Carlisle. When William was taken prisoner at Carlisle,
+and was about to be hanged, Adam and Clym shot the magistrates, and
+rescued their companion. The mayor with his _posse_ went out against
+them, but they shot the mayor, as they had done the sheriff, and
+fought their way out of the town. They then hastened to London to
+beg pardon of the king, which was granted them at the queen's
+intercession. The king, wishing to see a specimen of their shooting,
+was so delighted at their skill that he made William a "gentleman of
+fe," and the other two "yemen of his chambre."--Percy, _Reliques_
+("Adam Bell," etc., I. ii. 1).
+
+CLY'TIE, a water-nymph in love with Apollo. Meeting with no return,
+she was changed into a sunflower, or rather a _tournesol_, which still
+turns to the sun, following him through his daily course.
+
+The sunflower does not turn to the sun. On the same stem may be seen
+flowers in every direction, and not one of them shifts the direction
+in which it has first opened. T. Moore (1814) says:
+
+  The sunflower turns on her god when he sets,
+  The same look which she turned when he rose.
+
+This may do in poetry, but it is not correct. The sunflower is so
+called simply because the flower resembles a pictured sun.
+
+Lord Thurlow (1821) adopted Tom Moore's error, and enlarged it:
+
+  Behold, my dear, this lofty flower,
+  That now the golden sun receives;
+  No other deity has power,
+  But only Phoebus, on her leaves;
+  As he in radiant glory burns,
+  From east to west her visage turns.
+
+_The Sunflower_.
+
+CLYTUS, an old officer in the army of Philip of Macedon, and
+subsequently in that of Alexander. At a banquet, when both were heated
+with wine, Clytus said to Alexander, "Philip fought men, but Alexander
+women," and after some other insults, Alexander in his rage stabbed
+the old soldier; but instantly repented and said:
+
+  What has my vengeance done?
+  Who is it thou hast slain? Clytus? What was he
+  The faithfullest subject, worthiest counsellor,
+  The bravest soldier. He who saved my life
+  Fighting bare-headed at the river Granic.
+  For a rash word, spoke in the heat of wine,
+  The poor, the honest Clytus thou hast slain,--
+  Clytus, thy friend, thy guardian, thy preserver!
+
+N. Lee, _Alexander the Great_, iv. 2 (1678).
+
+CNE'US, the Roman officer in command of the guard set to watch the
+tomb of Jesus, lest the disciples should steal the body, and then
+declare that it had risen from the dead.--Klopstock, _The Messiah_,
+xiii. (1771). CO'AN (_The_), Hippocrates, the "Father of Medicine"
+(B.C. 460-357).
+
+  ... the great Coan, him whom Nature made
+  To serve the costliest creature of her tribe [_man_].
+
+Dante, _Purgatory_, xxix. (1308).
+
+CO'ANOCOT'ZIN (_5 syl_.), King of the Az'tecas. Slain in battle by
+Madoc.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+CO'ATEL, daughter of Acul'hua, a priest of the Az'tecas, and wife
+of Lincoya. Lincoya, being doomed for sacrifice, fled for refuge to
+Madoc, the Welsh Prince, who had recently landed on the North American
+coast, and was kindly treated by him. This gave Coatel a sympathetic
+interest in the White strangers, and she was not backward in showing
+it. Then, when young Hoel was kidnapped, and confined in a cavern to
+starve to death, Coatel visited him and took him food. Again, when
+Prince Madoc was entrapped, she contrived to release him, and assisted
+the prince to carry off young Hoel. After the defeat of the Az'tecas
+by the White strangers, the chief priest declared that some one had
+proved a traitor, and resolved to discover who it was by handing round
+a cup, which he said would be harmless to the innocent, but death to
+the guilty. When it was handed to Coatel, she was so frightened that
+she dropped down dead. Her father stabbed himself, and "fell upon his
+child," and when Lincoya heard thereof, he flung himself down from a
+steep precipice on to the rocks below.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+COBB (_Ephraim_), in Cromwell's troop.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, Commonwealth).
+
+COBBLER-POET (_The_), Hans Sachs, of Nuremberg. (See TWELVE WISE
+MASTERS).
+
+COBHAM (_Eleanor_), wife of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, and aunt of
+King Henry VI., compelled to do penance barefoot in a sheet in
+London, and after that to live in the Isle of Man in banishment, for
+"sorcery." In _2 Henry VI_., Shakespeare makes Queen Margaret "box
+her ears," but this could not be, as Eleanor was banished three years
+before Margaret came to England.
+
+  Stand forth, dame Eleanor Cobham, Gloster's wife ...
+  You, madam ... despoiled of your honor ...
+  Shall, after three days' open penance done,
+  Live in your country, here in banishment,
+  With Sir John Stanley, in the Isle of Man.
+
+Shakespeare, _2 Henry VI_. act ii. sc. 3 (1591).
+
+COCK OF WESTMINSTER (_The_). Castell, a shoemaker, was so called
+from his very early hours. He was one of the benefactors of Christ's
+Hospital (London).
+
+COCKER (_Edward_), published a useful treatise on arithmetic, in the
+reign of Charles II., which had a prodigious success, and has given
+rise to the proverb, "According to Cocker" (1632-1675).
+
+COCKLE (_Sir John_), the miller of Mansfield, and keeper of Sherwood
+Forest. Hearing a gun fired one night, he went into the forest,
+expecting to find poachers, and seized the king (Henry VIII.), who had
+been hunting and had got separated from his courtiers. When the miller
+discovered that his captor was not a poacher, he offered him a night's
+lodging. Next day the courtiers were brought to Cockle's house by
+under-keepers, to be examined as poachers, and it was then discovered
+that the miller's guest was the king. The "merry monarch" knighted the
+miller, and settled on him 1000 marks a year.--R. Dodsley, _The King
+and the Miller of Mansfield_ (1737).
+
+Cockney (_Nicholas_), a rich city grocer, brother of Barnacle.
+Priscilla Tomboy, of the West Indies, is placed under his charge for
+her education.
+
+_Walter Cockney_, son of the grocer, in the shop. A conceited young
+prig, not yet out of the quarrelsome age. He makes boy-love to
+Priscilla Tomboy and Miss La Blond; but says he will "tell papa" if
+they cross him.
+
+_Penelope Cockney_, sister of Walter.--_The Romp_ (altered from
+Bickerstaff's _Love in the City_).
+
+Coelebs' Wife, a bachelor's ideal of a model wife. Coelebs is the hero
+of a novel, by Mrs. Hannah Moore, entitled _Coelebs in Search of a
+Wife_ (1809).
+
+  In short, she was a walking calculation,
+  Miss Edgworth's novels stepping from their covers,
+  Or Mrs. Trimmer's books on education.
+  Or "Coelebs' wife" set out in quest of lovers.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 16 (1819).
+
+COEUR DE LION, Surname of Richard of England (1157-1199.) Also
+conferred upon Louis VIII. of France.
+
+COFFIN (_Long Tom_), the best sailor character ever drawn. He is
+introduced in _The Pilot_, a novel by J. Fenimore Cooper. Cooper's
+novel has been dramatized by E. Fitzball, under the same name, and
+Long Tom Coffin preserves in the burletta his reckless daring, his
+unswerving fidelity, his simple-minded affection, and his love for the
+sea.
+
+COGIA HOUSSAIN, the captain of forty thieves, outwitted by Morgiana,
+the slave. When, in the guise of a merchant, he was entertained by
+Ali Baba, and refused to eat any salt, the suspicions of Morgiana was
+aroused, and she soon detected him to be the captain of the forty
+thieves. After supper she amused her master and his guest with
+dancing; then playing with Cogia's dagger for a time, she plunged it
+suddenly into his heart and killed him.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Ali Baba
+or the Forty Thieves").
+
+COL'AX. Flattery personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by Phineas
+Fletcher. Colax "all his words with sugar spices ... lets his tongue
+to sin, and takes rent of shame ... His art [_was_] to hide and not
+to heal a sore." Fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _kolax_, "a
+flatterer or fawner.")
+
+COLBRAND or COLEBROND (_2 syl_.), the Danish giant, slain in the
+presence of King Athelstan, by Sir Guy of Warwick, just returned
+from a pilgrimage, still "in homely russet clad," and in his hand a
+"hermit's staff." The combat is described at length by Drayton, in his
+_Polyolbion_, xii.
+
+  One could scarcely bear his axe ...
+  Whose squares were laid with plates, and riveted with steel,
+  And armed down along with pikes, whose hardened points
+  ... had power to tear the joints
+  Of cuirass or of mail.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+COLDSTREAM (_Sir Charles_), the chief character in Charles Mathew's
+play called _Used up_. He is wholly _ennuye_, sees nothing to admire
+in anything; but is a living personification of mental inanity and
+physical imbecility.
+
+COLE (_1 syl._), a legendary British king, described as "a merry old
+soul," fond of his pipe, fond of his glass, and fond of his "fiddlers
+three." There were two kings so called--Cole (or Coil I.) was the
+predecessor of Porrex; but Coil II. was succeeded by Lucius, "the
+first British king who embraced the Christian religion." Which of
+these two mythical kings the song refers to is not evident.
+
+_Cole (Mrs.)_. This character is designed for Mother Douglas, who kept
+a "gentlemen's magazine of frail beauties" in a superbly furnished
+house at the north-east corner of Covent Garden. She died 1761.--S.
+Foote, _The Minor_ (1760).
+
+COLEIN (_2 syl._), the great dragon slain by Sir Bevis of
+Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
+
+COLEMI'RA (_3 syl._), a poetical name for a cook. The word is
+compounded of _coal_ and _mire_.
+
+  "Could I," he cried "express how bright a grace
+  Adorns thy morning hands and well-washed face,
+  Thou wouldst, Colemira, grant what I implore,
+  And yield me love, or wash thy face no more."
+
+  Shenstone, _Colemira_ (an eclogue).
+
+COLE'PEPPER (_Captain_) or CAPTAIN PEPPERCULL, the Alsatian
+bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+COLIN, or in Scotch CAILEN, _Green Colin_, the laird of Dunstaffnage,
+so called from the green colour which prevailed in his tartan.
+
+COLIN AND ROSALINDE. In _The Shephearde's Calendar_ (1579), by Edm.
+Spenser, Rosalinde is the maiden vainly beloved by Colin Clout, as her
+choice was already fixed on the shepherd Menalcas. Rosalinde is an
+anagram of "Rose Danil," a lady beloved by Spenser (_Colin Clout_),
+but Rose Danil had already fixed her affections on John Florio the
+Resolute, whom she subsequently married.
+
+  And I to thee will be as kind
+  As Colin was to Rosalinde,
+  Of courtesie the flower.
+
+  M. Drayton, _Dowsabel_ (1593)
+
+COLIN CLOUT, the pastoral name assumed by the poet Spenser, in _The
+Shephearde's Calendar, The Ruins of Time, Daphnaida_, and in the
+pastoral poem called _Colin Clout's come home again_ (from his visit
+to Sir Walter Raleigh). Ecl. i. and xii. are soliloquies of Colin,
+being lamentations that Rosalinde will not return his love. Ecl. vi.
+is a dialogue between Hobbinol and Colin, in which the former tries to
+comfort the disappointed lover. Ecl. xi. is a dialogue between Thenot
+and Colin, Thenot begs Colin to sing some joyous lay; but Colin pleads
+grief for the death of the sheperdess Dido, and then sings a monody on
+the great sheperdess deceased. In ecl. vi. we are told that Rosalinde
+has betrothed herself to the shepherd Menalcas (1579).
+
+In the last book of the _Faery Queen_, we have a reference to "Colin
+and his lassie," (Spenser and his wife) supposed to be Elizabeth, and
+elsewhere called "Mirabella" See CLOUT, etc.
+
+_Colin Clout and his lassie_, referred to in the last book of the
+_Faery Queen_, are Spenser and his wife Elizabeth, elsewhere called
+"Mirabella" (1596).
+
+COLIN CLOUT'S COME HOME AGAIN. "Colin Clout" is Spenser, who had
+been to London on a visit to "the Shepherd of the Ocean" (Sir Walter
+Raleigh), in 1589; on his return to Kilcolman, in Ireland, he wrote
+this poem. "Hobbinol," his friend (Gabriel Harvey, L.L.D.), tells him
+how all the shepherds had missed him, and begs him to relate to him
+and them his adventures while abroad. The pastoral contains a eulogy
+of British contemporary poets, and of the court beauties of Queen
+Elizabeth (1591). (See COLYN.)
+
+COLIN TAMPON, the nickname of a Swiss, as John Bull means an
+Englishman, etc.
+
+COLKITTO (_Young_), or "Vich Alister More," or "Alister M'Donnell,"
+a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of
+Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+COLLEAN (_May_), the heroine of a Scotch ballad, which relates how
+"fause Sir John" carried her to a rock for the purpose of throwing her
+down into the sea; but May outwitted him, and subjected him to the
+same fate he had designed for her.
+
+COLLEEN', _i.e._ "girl;" Colleen bawn ("the blond girl"); Colleen rhue
+("the red-haired girl"), etc.
+
+[Illustration] Dion Boucicault has a drama entitled _The Colleen
+Bawn_, founded upon Gerald Griffin's novel _The Collegians_.
+
+COLLIER _(Jem)_, a smuggler.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.)
+
+COLLINGWOOD AND THE ACORNS. Collingwood never saw a vacant place in
+his estate, but he took an acorn out of his pocket and popped it
+in.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+COLMAL, daughter of Dunthalmo, Lord of Teutha _(the Tweed_). Her
+father, having murdered Rathmor in his halls, brought up the two young
+sons of the latter, Calthon and Colmar, in his own house; but when
+grown to manhood he thought he detected a suspicious look about them,
+and he shut them up in two separate caves on the banks of the Tweed,
+intending to kill them. Colmal, who was in love with Calthon, set
+him free, and the two made good their escape to the court of Fingal.
+Fingal sent Ossian with 300 men to liberate Colmar; but when Dunthalmo
+heard thereof, he murdered the prisoner. Calthon, being taken captive,
+was bound to an oak, but was liberated by Ossian, and joined in
+marriage to Colmal, with whom he lived lovingly in the halls of
+Teutha.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+COLMAR, brother of Calthon. When quite young their father was murdered
+by Dunthalmo, who came against him by night, and killed him in his
+banquet hall; but moved by pity, he brought up the two boys in his own
+house. When grown to manhood, he thought he observed mischief in their
+looks, and therefore shut them up in two separate cells on the banks
+of the Tweed. Colmal the daughter of Dunthalmo, who was in love with
+Calthon, liberated him from his bonds, and they fled to Fingal to
+crave aid on behalf of Colmar; but before succor could arrive,
+Dunthalmo had Colmar brought before him, "bound with a thousand
+thongs," and slew him with his spear.--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal._
+
+COLNA-DONA ("_love of heroes_"), daughter of King Car'ul. Fingal sent
+Ossian and Toscar to raise a memorial on the banks of the Crona,
+to perpetuate the memory of a victory he had obtained there. Carul
+invited the two young men to his hall, and Toscar fell in love with
+Colna-Dona. The passion being mutual, the father consented to their
+espousals.--Ossian, _Colna-Dona._
+
+COLOGNE _(The three kings of_), the three Magi, called Gaspar,
+Melchior, and Baltha'zar. Gaspar means "the white one." Melchior,
+"king of light;" Balthazar, "lord of treasures." Klop-stock, in _The
+Messiah_, says there were six Magi, whom he calls Hadad, Sel'ima,
+Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith.
+
+[Illustration] The "three" Magi are variously named; thus one
+tradition gives them as Apellius, Amerus, and Damascus; another calls
+them Magalath, Galgalath, and Sarasin; a third says they were Ator,
+Sator, and Perat'oras. They are furthermore said to be descendants of
+Balaam the Mesopotamian prophet.
+
+COLON, one of the rabble leaders in _Hudibras_, is meant for Noel
+Perryan or Ned Perry, an ostler. He was a rigid puritan "of low
+morals," and very fond of bear-baiting.
+
+COLONNA (_The Marquis of_), a high-minded, incorruptible noble of
+Naples. He tells the young king bluntly that his oily courtiers are
+vipers who would suck his life's blood, and that Ludovico, his chief
+minister and favorite, is a traitor. Of course he is not believed, and
+Ludovico marks him out for vengeance. His scheme is to get Colonna,
+of his own free will, to murder his sister's lover and the king. With
+this view he artfully persuades Vicentio, the lover, that Evadne (the
+sister of Colonna) is the king's wanton. Vicentio indignantly discards
+Evadne, is challanged to fight by Colonna, and is supposed to be
+killed. Colonna, to revenge his wrongs on the king, invites him to a
+banquet with intent to murder him, when the whole scheme of villainy
+is exposed: Ludovico is slain, and Vicentio marries Evadne.--Shiel,
+_Evadne, or the Statue_ (1820).
+
+COLOSSOS (Latin, _colossus_), a gigantic brazen statue 126 feet high,
+executed by Charles for the Rhodians. Blaise de Vignenere says it was
+a striding figure, but Comte de Caylus proves that it was not so, and
+did not even stand at the mouth of the Rhodian port. Philo tells us
+that it _stood_ on a _block of white marble_, and Lucius Ampellius
+asserts that it _stood in a car_. Tiekell makes out the statue to be
+so enormous in size, that--
+
+  While at one foot the thronging galleys ride,
+  A whole hour's sail scarce reached the further side;
+  Betwixt the brazen thighs in loose array,
+  Ten thousand streamers on the billows play.
+
+Tickell, _On the Prospect of Peace_.
+
+COLOSSUS. Negro servant in G.W. Cable's "Posson Jone." He vainly tries
+to dissuade his master from drinking, and, in the end, restores to him
+the money lost during the drunken bout.
+
+  "In thundering tones" the parson was confessing
+  himself a "plum fool from whom the conceit
+  had been jolted out, and who had been made
+  to see that even his nigger had the longest
+  head of the two."
+
+COL'THRED (_Benjamin_) or "Little Benjie," a spy employed by Nixon
+(Edward Redgauntlet's agent).--Sir. W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.)
+
+COLUMB (_St._) or _St. Columba_, was of the family of the kings of
+Ulster; and with twelve followers founded amongst the Picts and Scots
+300 Christian establishments of presbyterian character; that in Iona
+was founded 563.
+
+  The Pictish men by St. Columb taught.
+
+Campbell, _Rewllura_.
+
+COLUMBUS (_Christopher_), Genoese navigator who was fitted out by
+Ferdinand and Isabella for a voyage of discovery resulting in the
+sight of the New World (1492). His ships were the _Santa Maria_,
+the _Pinta_ and the _Nina_, all small.--Washington Irving, _Life of
+Columbus_.
+
+COLYN CLOUT (_The Boke of_), a rhyming six-syllable tirade against the
+clergy, by John Skelton, poet-laureate (1460-1529).
+
+COMAL AND GALBI'NA. Comal was the son of Albion, "chief of a hundred
+hills." He loved Galbi'na (daughter of Conlech), who was beloved by
+Grumal also. One day; tired out by the chase, Comal and Galbina rested
+in the cave of Roman; but ere long a deer appeared, and Comal went
+forth to shoot it. During his absence, Galbina dressed herself in
+armor "to try his love," and "strode from the cave." Comal thought
+it was Grumal, let fly an arrow, and she fell. The chief too late
+discovered his mistake, rushed to battle, and was slain.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_, ii.
+
+COM'ALA, daughter of Sarno, king of Inistore (_the Orkneys_). She fell
+in love with Fingal at a feast to which Sarno had invited him after
+his return from Denmark or Lochlin (_Fingal_, iii.). Disguised as a
+youth, Comala followed him, and begged to be employed in his wars; but
+was detected by Hidallan, son of Lamor, whose love she had slighted.
+Fingal was about to marry her when he was called to oppose Caracul,
+who had invaded Caledonia. Comala witnessed the battle from a hill,
+thought she saw Fingal slain, and though he returned victorious, the
+shock on her nerves was so great that she died.--Ossian, _Comala_.
+
+COMAN'CHES (3 _syl_.), an Indian tribe of the Texas. (See CAMANCHES.)
+
+COMB (_Reynard's Wonderful_), said to be made of Pan'thera's bone, the
+perfume of which was so fragrant that no one could resist following
+it; and the wearer of the comb was always of a merry heart. This comb
+existed only in the brain of Master Fox.--_Reynard the Fox_, xii.
+(1498).
+
+CO'ME (_St_.), (see Cosme,) a physician, and patron saint of medical
+practitioners.
+
+"By St. Come!" said the surgeon, "here's a pretty adventure."--Lesage,
+(_Gil Blas_, vii. 1 1735).
+
+COME AND TAKE THEM. The reply of Leon'idas, king of Sparta, to the
+messengers of Xerxes, when commanded by the invader to deliver up his
+arms.
+
+COM'EDY (_The Father of_), Aristoph'anes the Athenian (B.C. 444-380).
+
+_Comedy (Prince of Ancient)_, Aristoph'anes (B.C. 444-380).
+
+_Comedy (Prince of New)_, Menander (B.C. 342-291).
+
+COMEDY OF ERRORS, by Shakespeare (1593), Aemilia, wife of AEgeon, had
+two sons at a birth, and named both of them Antipholus. When grown
+to manhood, each of these sons had a slave named Dromio, also
+twin-brothers. The brothers Antipholus had been shipwrecked in
+infancy, and being picked up by different vessels, were carried one to
+Syracuse and the other to Ephesus. The play supposes that Antipholus
+of Syracuse goes in search of his brother, and coming to Ephesus with
+his slave, Dromio, a series of mistakes arises from the extraordinary
+likeness of the two brothers and their two slaves. Adriana, the wife
+of the Ephesian, mistakes the Syracusan for her husband; but he
+behaves so strangely that her jealousy is aroused, and when her true
+husband arrives he is arrested as a mad man. Soon after, the Syracusan
+brother being seen, the wife, supposing it to be her mad husband
+broken loose, sends to capture him; but he flees into a convent.
+Adriana now lays her complaint before the duke, and the lady abbess
+comes into court. So both brothers face each other, the mistakes are
+explained, and the abbess turns out to be Aemilia, the mother of the
+twin brothers. Now, it so happened that AEgeon, searching for his son,
+also came to Ephesus, and was condemned to pay a fine or suffer death,
+because he, a Syracusan, had set foot in Ephesus. The duke, however,
+hearing the story, pardoned him. Thus AEgeon found his wife in the
+abbess, the parents their twin sons, and each son his long-lost
+brother.
+
+[Illustration] The plot of this comedy is copied from the _Menaechmi_
+of Plautus.
+
+COMHAL or COMBAL, son of Trathal, and father of Fingal. His queen
+was Morna, daughter of Thaddu. Comhal was slain in battle,
+fighting against the tribe of Morni, the very day that Fingal was
+born.--Ossian.
+
+  Fingal said to Aldo, "I was born in the battle."
+
+Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_.
+
+COMINES [_Cum'.in_]. Philip des Comines, the favorite minister of
+Charles, "the Bold," Duke of Burgundy, is introduced by Sir W. Scott,
+in _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL (_Emir al Mumenin_), a title assumed by Omar
+I., and retained by his successors in the caliphate (581, 634-644).
+
+COMMINGES (_2 syl_.) (_Count de_), the hero of a novel so-called by
+Mde. de Tencin (1681-1749).
+
+COMMITTEE (_The_), a comedy by the Hon. Sir R. Howard. Mr. Day, a
+Cromwellite, is the head of a Committee of Sequestration, and is a
+dishonest, canting rascal, under the thumb of his wife. He gets into
+his hands the deeds of two heiresses, Anne and Arbella. The former
+he calls Ruth, and passes her off as his own daughter; the latter he
+wants to marry to his booby son Able. Ruth falls in love with Colonel
+Careless, and Arbella with colonel Blunt. Ruth contrives to get into
+her hands the deeds, which she delivers over to the two colonels, and
+when Mr. Day arrives, quiets him by reminding him that she knows of
+certain deeds which would prove his ruin if divulged (1670).
+
+T. Knight reproduced this comedy as a farce under the title of _The
+Honest Thieves_.
+
+COMMON (_Dol_), an ally of Subtle the alchemist.--Ben Jonson, _The
+Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+COMMONER (_The Great_), Sir John Barnard, who in 1737 proposed to
+reduce the interest of the national debt from 4 per cent. to 3 per
+cent., any creditor being at liberty to receive his principal in full
+if he preferred it. William Pitt, the statesman, is so called also
+(1759-1806).
+
+COMNE'NUS (_Alexius_), emperor of Greece, introduced by Sir. W. Scott
+in _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+_Anna Comne'na_ the historian, daughter of Alexius Comnenus, emperor
+of Greece.--Same novel.
+
+COMPEYSON, a would-be gentleman and a forger. He duped Abel Magwitch
+and ruined him, keeping him completely under his influence. He also
+jilted Miss Havisham.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+COM'RADE (_2 syl_.), the horse given by a fairy to Fortunio.
+
+  He has many rare qualities ... first he eats
+  but once in eight days; and then he knows
+  what's past, present, and to come [and speaks
+  with the voice of a man].--Comtesse DAunoy,
+  _Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio." 1682).
+
+COMUS, the god of revelry. In Milton's "masque" so called, the "lady"
+is lady Alice Egerton, the younger brother is Mr. Thomas Egerton, and
+the elder brother is Lord Viscount Brackley (eldest son of John,
+earl of Bridgewater, president of Wales). The lady, weary with long
+walking, is left in a wood by her two brothers, while they go to
+gather "cooling fruit" for her. She sings to let them know her
+whereabouts, and Comus, coming up, promises to conduct her to a
+cottage till her brothers could be found. The brothers, hearing a
+noise of revelry, become alarmed about their sister, when her guardian
+spirit informs them that she has fallen into the hands of Comus. They
+run to her rescue, and arrive just as the god is offering his captive
+a potion; the brothers seize the cup and dash it on the ground, while
+the spirit invokes Sabri'na, who breaks the spell and releases the
+lady (1634).
+
+CONACH'AR, the Highland apprentice of Simon Glover, the old glover
+of Perth. Conachar is in love with his master's daughter, Catharine,
+called "the fair maid of Perth;" but Catharine loves and ultimately
+marries Henry Smith, the armorer. Conachar is at a later period Ian
+Eachin [_Hector_] M'Ian, chief of the clan Quhele.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CONAR, son of Trenmor, and first "king of Ireland." When the Fir-bolg
+(or belgae from Britain settled in the _south_ of Ireland) had reduced
+the Cael (or colony of Caledonians settled in the _north_ of Ireland)
+to the last extremity by war, the Cael sent to Scotland for aid.
+Trathel (grandfather of Fingal) accordingly sent over Conar with
+an army to their aid; and Conar, having reduced the Fir-bolg to
+submission, assumed the title of "king of Ireland." Conar was
+succeeded by his son Cormac I.; Cormac I. by his son Cairbre; Cairbre
+by his son Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and
+Cormac (after a slight interregnum) by Ferad-Artho (restored by
+Fingal).--Ossian.
+
+CONCORD HYMN, by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and beginning:
+
+  "By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
+  Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
+  Here once the embattled farmers stood
+  And fired the shot heard round the world."
+
+was sung on the Anniversary of the Battle of Concord, April 19, 1836.
+
+CONKEY CHICKWEED, the man who robbed himself of 327 guineas, in order
+to make his fortune by exciting the sympathy of his neighbors and
+others. The tale is told by detective Blathers.--C. Dickens, _Oliver
+Twist_ (1837).
+
+CON'LATH, youngest son of Morni, and brother of the famous Gaul (_a
+man's name_). Coiilath was betrothed to Cutho'na, daughter of Ruma,
+but before the espousals Toscar came from Ireland to Mora, and was
+hospitably received by Morni. Seeing Cuthona out hunting, Toscar
+carried her off in his skiff by force, and being overtaken by Conlath
+they both fell in fight. Three days afterwards Cuthona died of
+grief.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.
+
+CONNAL, son of Colgar, petty king of Togorma, and intimate friend of
+Cuthullin, general of the Irish tribes. He is a kind of Ulysses, who
+counsels and comforts Cuthullin in his distress, and is the very
+opposite of the rash, presumptuous, though generous Calmar.--Ossian,
+_Fingal_.
+
+CON'NEL (_Father_), an aged Catholic priest full of gentle
+affectionate feelings. He is the patron of a poor vagrant boy called
+Neddy Fennel, whose adventures furnished the incidents of Banim's
+novel called _Father Connell_ (1842).
+
+  _Father Connell_ is not unworthy of association
+  with the Protestant _Vicar of Wakefield_.--R.
+  Chambers, _English Literature_, ii. 612.
+
+CONINGSBY, a novel by B. Disraeli. The characters are meant for
+portraits; thus: "Croker" represents Rigby; "Menmouth," Lord Hertford;
+"Eskdale," Lowther; "Ormsby," Irving; "Lucretia," Mde. Zichy;
+"Countess Colonna," Lady Strachan; "Sidonia," Baron A. de Rothschild;
+"Henry Sidney," Lord John Manners; "Belvoir," Duke of Rutland,
+second son of Beaumanoir. The hero is of noble birth, he loves Edith
+Millbank, the daughter of a wealthy manufacturer, is returned for
+Parliament and marries Edith.
+
+CONQUEROR (_The_). Alexander the Great, _The Conqueror of the World_
+(B.C. 356, 336-323), Alfonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185). Aurungzebe
+the Great, called _Alemgir_ (1618, 1659-4707), James of Aragon (1206,
+1213-1276). Othman or Osman I., founder of the Turkish Empire (1259,
+1299-1326). Francisco Pizarro, called _Conquistador_, because he
+conquered Peru (1475-1541). William, duke of Normandy, who obtained
+England by conquest (1027,1066-1137).
+
+CON'RAD (_Lord_), the corsair, afterwards called Lara. A proud,
+ascetic but successful pirate. Hearing that the Sultan, Seyd [Seed],
+was about to attack the pirates, he entered the palace in the disguise
+of a dervise, but being found out was seized and imprisoned. He was
+released by Gulnare (_2 syl_.), the sultan's favorite concubine, and
+fled with her to the Pirates' Isle, but finding Medo'ra dead, he
+left the island with Gulnare, returned to his native land, headed a
+rebellion, and was shot.--Lord Byron, _The Corsair_, continued in
+_Lara_ (1814). CONRAD DRYFOOS, the son of a rich man, the backer and
+virtual proprietor of _Every Other Week_, in W. D. Howells's novel, _A
+Hazard of New Fortunes_.
+
+  "He's got a good head and he wanted to study
+  for the ministry when they were all living together
+  out on the farm ... You know they used
+  to think that any sort of stuff was good enough
+  to make a preacher out of; but they wanted the
+  good timber for business, and so the old man
+  wouldn't let him."
+
+Foiled in this purpose, Conrad becomes a reformer and receives a
+mortal wound in the attempt to protect an old Socialist against the
+police, who are trying to quell a mob of strikers (1890).
+
+CON'RADE (_2 syl._), a follower of Don John (bastard brother of Don
+Pedro, Prince of Aragon).--Shakespeare, _Much Ado About Nothing_
+(1600).
+
+_Conrade_ (_2 syl._), Marquis of Montserrat, who, with the
+grand-master of the Templars, conspired against Richard Coeur de
+Lion. He was unhorsed in combat, and murdered in his tent by the
+Templar.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+CONSTANCE, mother of Prince Arthur, and widow of Geoffrey
+Plantagenet.--Shakespeare, _King John_ (1598).
+
+  Mrs. Bartley's "Lady Macbeth," "Constance,"
+  and "Queen Katherine" [_Henry VIII._], were
+  powerful embodiments, and I question if they
+  have ever since been so finely portrayed (1785-1850).--J.
+  Adolphus, _Recollections_.
+
+_Constance_, daughter of Sir William Fondlove, and courted by
+Wildrake, a country squire, fond of field sports. "Her beauty rich,
+richer her grace, her mind yet richer still, though richest all." She
+was "the mould express of woman, stature, feature, body, limb;" she
+danced well, sang well, harped well. Wildrake was her childhood's
+playmate, and became her husband.--S. Knowles, _The Love Chase_
+(1837).
+
+_Constance_, daughter of Bertulphe, provost of Bruges, and bride of
+Bouchard, a knight of Flanders. She had "beauty to shame young love's
+most fervent dream, virtue to form a saint, with just enough of earth
+to keep her woman." By an absurd law of Charles "the Good," earl of
+Flanders, made in 1127, this young lady, brought up in the lap of
+luxury, was reduced to serfdom, because her grandfather was a serf;
+her aristocratic husband was also a serf because he married her (a
+serf). She went mad at the reverse of fortune, and died.--S. Knowles,
+_The Provost of Bruges_ (1836).
+
+_Constance Varley_. American girl traveling in the East with friends,
+and bearing with her everywhere the memory of a man she has loved for
+years in secret. She meets him at Damascus and after some days of
+pleasant companionship, he resolves to offer his hand to her. The
+words are upon his tongue, when an unfortunate misunderstanding
+divides them forever. A year later she marries another man who loves
+her sincerely without appreciating the finest part of her nature.
+
+A woman quotes at sight of Constance's portrait:
+
+  "I discern
+  Infinite passion and the pain
+  Of finite hearts that yearn."
+
+  "There was a singular suggestion of sadness
+  about the grave sweet eyes, and on the small
+  close mouth."--Julia C. Fletcher, _Mirage_
+  (1882).
+
+CONSTANS, a mythical king of Britain. He was the eldest of the three
+sons of Constantine, his two brothers being Aurelius Ambrosius and
+Uther Pendragon. Constans was a monk, but at the death of his father
+he laid aside the cowl for the crown. Vortigern caused him to be
+assassinated, and usurped the crown. Aurelius Ambrosius succeeded
+Vortigern, and was himself succeeded by his younger brother, Uther
+Pendragon, father of King Arthur. Hence it will appear that Constans
+was Arthur's uncle.
+
+CONSTANT (_Ned_), the former lover of Lady Brute, with whom she
+intrigued after her marriage with the surly knight.--Vanbrugh, _The
+Provoked Wife_ (1697).
+
+_Constant_ (_Sir Bashful_), a younger brother of middle life, who
+tumbles into an estate and title by the death of his elder brother. He
+marries a woman of quality, but finding; it _comme il faut_ not to let
+his love be known, treats her with indifference and politeness, and
+though he dotes on her, tries to make her believe he loves her not.
+He is very soft, carried away by the opinions of others, and is an
+example of the truth of what Dr. Young has said, "What is mere good
+nature but a fool?"
+
+_Lady Constant_, wife of Sir Bashful, a woman of spirit, taste, sense,
+wit, and beauty. She loves her husband, and repels with scorn an
+attempt to shake her fidelity because he treats her with cold
+indifference.--A. Murphy, _The Way to Keep Him_ (1760).
+
+CONSTAN'TIA, sister of Petruccio, governor of Bologna, and mistress of
+the duke of Ferrara.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (1620).
+
+_Constantia_, a _protegee_ of Lady McSycophant. An amiable girl, in
+love with Egerton McSycophant, by whom her love is amply returned.--C.
+Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1764).
+
+CON'STANTINE (_3 syl._), a king of Scotland, who (in 937) joined Anlaf
+(a Danish king) against Athelstan. The allied kings were defeated at
+Brunanburh, in Northumberland, and Constantine was made prisoner.
+
+  Our English Athelstan ...
+  Made all the Isle his own,
+  And Constantine, the king a prisoner hither brought.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. 3 (1613).
+
+CONSTANTINOPLE (_Little_), Kertch was so called by the Genoese from
+its extent and its prosperity. Demosthenes calls it "the granary of
+Athens."
+
+CONSUELO (_4 syl._), the impersonation of moral purity in the midst of
+temptations. Consuelo is the heroine of a novel so called by George
+Sand (i.e. Mde. Dudevant).
+
+CONTEMPORANEOUS DISCOVERIES. Goethe and Vicq d'Azyrs discovered at the
+same time the intermaxillary bone. Goethe and Von Baer discovered at
+the same time Morphology. Goethe and Oken discovered at the same time
+the vertebral system. _The Penny Cyclopaedia_ and _Chambers's Journal_
+were started nearly at the same time. The invention of printing is
+claimed by several contemporaries. The processes called Talbotype and
+Daguerreotype were nearly simultaneous discoveries. Leverrier and
+Adams discovered at the same time the planet Neptune.
+
+[Illustration] This list may be extended to a very great length.
+
+CONTENTED MAN (_The_). Subject of a poem by Rev. John Adams in 1745
+
+  No want contracts the largeness of his thoughts,
+  And nothing grieves him but his conscious faults,
+  He makes his GOD his everlasting tower
+  And in His firm munition stands secure.
+
+CONTEST _(Sir Adam_). Having lost his first wife by shipwreck, he
+married again after the lapse of some twelve or fourteen years. His
+second wife was a girl of 18, to whom he held up his first wife as a
+pattern and the very paragon of women. On the wedding day this first
+wife made her appearance. She had been saved from the wreck; but Sir
+Adam wished her in heaven most sincerely.
+
+_Lady Contest_, the bride of Sir Adam, "young, extremely lively, and
+prodigiously beautiful." She had been brought up in the country, and
+treated as a child, so her _naivete_ was quite captivating. When
+she quitted the bride-groom's house, she said, "Good-by, Sir Adam,
+good-by. I did love you a little, upon my word, and should be really
+unhappy if I did not know that your happiness will be infinitely
+greater with your first wife."
+
+_Mr. Contest_, the grown-up son of Sir Adam, by his first wife.--Mrs.
+Inchbald, _The Wedding Day_ (1790).
+
+CONTINENCE.
+
+ALEXANDER THE GREAT having gained the battle of Issus (B.C. 333), the
+family of King Darius fell into his hands; but he treated the ladies
+as queens, and observed the greatest decorum towards them. A eunuch,
+having escaped, told Darius that his wife remained unspotted, for
+Alexander had shown himself the most continent and generous of
+men.--Arrian, _Anabasis of Alexander_, iv. 20.
+
+SCIPIO AFRICANUS, after the conquest of Spain, refused to touch a
+beautiful princess who had fallen into his hands, "lest he should be
+tempted to forget his principles." It is, moreover, said that he sent
+her back to her parents with presents, that she might marry the man to
+whom she was betrothed. A silver shield, on which this incident was
+depicted, was found in the river Rhone by some fishermen in the
+seventeenth century.
+
+  E'en Scipio, or a victor yet more cold,
+  Might have forgot his virtue at her sight.
+
+  N. Rowe, _Tamerlane_, iii. 3 (1702.)
+
+ANSON, when he took the _Senhora Theresa de Jesus_, refused even to
+see the three Spanish ladies who formed part of the prize, because he
+was resolved to prevent private scandal. The three ladies consisted of
+a mother and her two daughters, the younger of whom was "of surpassing
+beauty."
+
+CONVEN'TUAL FRIARS are those who live in _convents_, contrary to the
+rule of St. Francis, who enjoined absolute poverty, without land,
+books, chapel, or house. Those who conform to the rule of the founder
+are called "Observant Friars."
+
+CONVERSATION SHARP, Richard Sharp, the critic (1759-1835.)
+
+COOK WHO KILLED HIMSELF (_The_). Vatel killed himself in 1671, because
+the lobster for his turbot sauce did not arrive in time to be served
+up at the banquet at Chantilly, given by the Prince de Conde to the
+king.
+
+COOKS OF MODERN TIMES. Careme, called "The Regenerator of Cookery"
+(1784-1833). Charles Elme Francatelli, cook at Crockford's, then in
+the Royal Household, and lastly at the Reform Club (1805-1876). Ude,
+Gouffe, and Alexis Soyer, the last of whom died in 1858.
+
+COOKERY (_Regenerator of_), Careme (1784-1833.)
+
+(Ude, Gouffe, and Soyer were also regenerators of this art).
+
+COOPER (_Anthony Ashly_,) earl of Shaftesbury, introduced by Sir W.
+Scott in _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.)
+
+COPHET'UA or COPET'HUA, a mythical king of Africa, of great wealth,
+who fell in love with a beggar-girl, and married her. Her name was
+Penel'ophon, but Shakespeare writes it Zenel'ophon in _Love's Labour's
+Lost_, act iv. sc. 1. Tennyson has versified the tale in _The
+Beggar-Maid._--Percy, _Reliques_, I. ii. 6.
+
+COPLEY (_Sir Thomas_), in attendance on the earl of Leicester at
+Woodstock.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+COPPER CAPTAIN (_A_), Michael Perez, a captain without money, but
+with a plentiful stock of pretence, who seeks to make a market of his
+person and commission by marrying an heiress. He is caught in his own
+trap, for he marries Estifania, a woman of intrigue, fancying her to
+be the heiress Margaritta. The captain gives the lady "pearls," but
+they are only whitings' eyes. His wife says to him:
+
+  Here's a goodly jewel..
+  Did you not win this at Goletta, captain?..
+  See how it sparkles, like an old lady's eyes..
+  And here's a chain of whitings' eyes for pearls..
+  Your clothes are parallels to these, all counterfeits.
+  Put these and them on you're a man of copper,
+  A copper,... copper captain.
+
+  Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and
+  Have a Wife_ (1640).
+
+COPPERFLELD (_David_), the hero of a novel by Charles Dickens. David
+is Dickens himself, and Micawber is Dickens's father. According to
+the tale, David's mother was nursery governess in a family where
+Mr. Copperfield visited. At the death of Mr. Copperfield, the widow
+married Edward Murdstone, a hard, tyrannical man, who made the home of
+David a dread and terror to the boy. When his mother died, Murdstone
+sent David to lodge with the Micawbers, and bound him apprentice to
+Messrs. Murdstone and Grinby, by whom he was put into the warehouse,
+and set to paste labels upon wine and spirit bottles. David soon
+became tired of this dreary work, and ran away to Dover, where he was
+kindly received by his [great]-aunt Betsey Trotwood, who clothed him,
+and sent him as day-boy to Dr. Strong, but placed him to board with
+Mr. Wickfield, a lawyer, father of Agnes, between whom and David a
+mutual attachment sprang up. David's first wife was Dora Spenlow, but
+at the death of this pretty little "child-wife," he married Agnes
+Wickfield.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+COPPERHEADS, members of a faction in the North, during the civil war
+in the United States. The copperhead is a poisonous serpent, that
+gives no warning of its approach, and hence is a type of a concealed
+or secret foe. (_The Trigonecephalus contortrix_.)
+
+COPPERNOSE (_3 syl_.). Henry VIII. was so called, because he mixed so
+much copper with the silver coin that it showed after a little wear
+in the parts most pronounced, as the nose. Hence the sobriquets
+"Coppernosed Harry," "Old Copper-nose," etc.
+
+COPPLE, the hen killed by Reynard, in the beast-epic called _Reynard
+the Fox_ (1498).
+
+CORA, the gentle, loving wife of Alonzo, and the kind friend of Rolla,
+general of the Peruvian army.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_ (altered from
+Kotzebue, 1799).
+
+CORA MUNRO, the daughter of an English officer and the elder of the
+sisters whose adventures fill Cooper's _Last of the Mohicans._ Cora
+loves Heyward the as yet undeclared lover of Alice, and has, herself,
+attracted the covetous eye of Magua, an Indian warrior. He contrives
+to gain possession of her, and drawing his knife, gives her the choice
+between death and his wigwam.
+
+  Cora neither heard nor heeded his demand ... Once
+  more he struggled with himself and lifted
+  the keen weapon again--but just then a piercing
+  cry was heard above them, and Uncas
+  appeared, leaping frantically from a fearful
+  height upon the ledge. Magua recoiled a step,
+  and one of his assistants, profiting by the chance,
+  sheathed his own knife in the bosom of Cora.
+  (1826).
+
+CO'RAH, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Architophel_, is meant for
+Dr. Titus Oates. As Corah was the political calumniator of Moses and
+Aaron, so Titus Oates was the political calumniator of the pope and
+English papists. As Corah was punished by "going down alive into the
+pit," so Oates was "condemned to imprisonment for life," after being
+publicly whipped and exposed in the pillory. North describes Titus
+Oates as a very short man, and says, if his mouth were taken for the
+centre of a circle, his chin, forehead, and cheekbones would fall in
+the circumference.
+
+  Sunk were his eyes, his voice was harsh and loud,
+  Sure signs he neither choleric was, nor proud;
+  His long chin proved his wit; his saint-like grace,
+  A Church vermilion, and a Moses' face;
+  His memory miraculously great
+  Could plots, exceeding man's belief, repeat.
+
+  Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1631).
+
+CORBAC'CIO _(Signior)_, the dupe of Mosca the knavish confederate of
+Vol'pone (_2 syl_.). He is an old man, with seeing and hearing faint,
+and understanding dulled to childishness, yet he wishes to live on,
+and
+
+  Feels not his gout nor palsy; feigns himself
+  Younger by scores of years; flatters his age
+  With confident belying it; hopes he may
+  With charms, like Aeson, have his youth restored.
+
+  Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the Fox_ (1605).
+
+
+Benjamin Johnson [1665-1742] ... seemed to be proud to wear the poet's
+double name, and was particularly great in all that author's plays
+that were usually performed, viz "Wasp," in _Bartholomew Fair_;
+"Corbaccio;" "Morose," in _The Silent Woman_; and "Ananias," in _The
+Alchemist_.--Chetwood.
+
+
+C. Dibdin says none who ever saw W. Parsons (1736-1795) in "Corbaccio"
+could forget his effective mode of exclaiming "Has he made his
+will? What has he given me!" but Parsons himself says: "Ah! to see
+'Corbaccio' acted to perfection, you should have seen Shuter. The
+public are pleased to think that I act that part well, but his acting
+was as far superior to mine as Mount Vesuvius is to a rushlight."
+
+COR'BANT, the rook, in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+(French, _corbeau_, "a rook.")
+
+CORCE'CA _(3 syl_.), mother of Abessa. The word means "blindness of
+heart," or Romanism. Una sought shelter under her hut, but Corceca
+shut the door against her; whereupon the lion which accompanied Una
+broke down the door. The "lion" means _England_, "Corceca"
+_popery_, "Una" _protestantism_, and "breaking down the door" _the
+Reformation_.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, i. 3 (1590).
+
+CORDAY (_Marie Anne Charlotte_), descendant of the poet Corneille.
+Born in Normandy 1768. She killed the bloody Marat in the bath and was
+guillotined for the deed, July, 1793.
+
+CORDE'LIA, youngest daughter of King Lear. She was disinherited by her
+royal father, because her protestations of love were less violent than
+those of her sisters. Cordelia married the king of France, and when
+her two elder sisters refused to entertain the old king with his
+suite, she brought an army over to dethrone them. She was, however,
+taken captive, thrown into prison, and died there.
+
+  Her voice was ever soft,
+  Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman.
+
+  Shakespeare, _King Lear_, act v. sc. 3 (1605).
+
+CORFLAM'BO, the personification of sensuality, a giant killed by
+Arthur. Corflambo had a daughter named Paea'na, who married Placidas,
+and proved a good wife to him.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 8 (1596).
+
+CORIAT (_Thomas_) died 1617, author of a book called _Crudities_.
+
+  Besides, 'tis known he could speak Greek,
+  As naturally as pigs do squeak.
+
+  Lionel Cranfield, _Panegyric Verses on T. Coriat_
+
+  But if the meaning was as far to seek
+  As Coriat's horse was of his master's Greek,
+  When in that tongue he made a speech at length,
+  To show the beast the greatness of his strength.
+
+  G. Wither, _Abuses Stript and Whipt_ (1613).
+
+COREY (_Bromfield_). An amiable Boston aristocrat in W. D. Howells's
+story, _The Rise of Silas Lapham_. His father complains of his want of
+energy and artistic tastes, but allows him "to travel indefinitely."
+He remains abroad ten years studying art, comes home and paints an
+amateurish portrait of his father, marries and has a family, but
+continues a dilettante, never quite abandoning his art, but working
+at it fitfully. He does nothing especially clever, but never says
+anything that is not clever, and is as much admired as he is beloved.
+At heart he is true, however cynical may be his words, and throughout
+he is the _gentleman_ in grain, and incorruptible (1885).
+
+CORIN, "the faithful shepherdess," who, having lost her true love by
+death, retired from the busy world, remained a virgin for the rest
+of her life, and was called "The Virgin of the Grove." The shepherd
+Thenot (final _t_ pronounced) fell in love with her for her
+"fidelity," and to cure him of his attachment she pretended to love
+him in return. This broke the charm, and Thenot no longer felt that
+reverence of love he before entertained. Corin was skilled "in the
+dark, hidden virtuous use of herbs," and says:
+
+  Of all green wounds I know the remedies
+  In men and cattle, be they stung by snakes,
+  Or charmed with powerful words of wicked art,
+  Or be they love-sick.
+
+--John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 1, (1610).
+
+_Cor'in, Corin'eus_ (3 _syl_.), or _Corine'us_ (4 _syl_.) "strongest
+of mortal men," and one of the suite of Brute (the first mythical king
+of Britain.) (See CORINEUS.)
+
+From Corin came it first? [_i.e., the Cornish hug in wrestling_].
+
+M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).
+
+CORINEUS (3 _syl_). Southey throws the accent on the _first_ syllable,
+and Spenser on the _second_. One of the suite of Brute. He overthrew
+the giant Goem'agot, for which achievement he was rewarded with
+the whole western horn of England, hence called Corin'ea, and the
+inhabitants Corin'eans. (See CORIN).
+
+Corineus challenged the giant to wrestle with him. At the beginning
+of the encounter, Corineus and the giant standing front to front held
+each other strongly in their arms, and panted aloud for breath; but
+Goemagot presently grasped Corineus with all his might, broke three
+of his ribs, two on his right side and one on his left. At which
+Corineus, highly enraged, roused up his whole strength, and snatching
+up the giant, ran with him on his shoulders to the neighboring shore,
+and getting on to the top of a high rock, hurled the monster into the
+sea ... The place where he fell is called Lam Goemagot or Goemagot's
+Leap, to this day.--Geoffrey, _British History_, i. 16 (1142).
+
+When father Brute and Cor'ineus set foot On the white island first.
+
+Southey, _Madoc_, vi. (1805).
+
+
+Cori'neus had that province utmost west. To him assigned.
+
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1500).
+
+Drayton makes the name a word of four syllables, and throws the accent
+on the last but one.
+
+Which to their general then great Corine'us had.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, i. (1612).
+
+CORINNA, a Greek poetess of Boeotia, who gained a victory over Pindar
+at the public games (fl. B.C. 490).
+
+  ... they raised
+  A tent of satin, elaborately wrought
+  With fair Corinna's triumph.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.
+
+_Corinna_, daughter of Gripe, the scrivener. She marries Dick Amlet.
+Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+  See lively Pope advance in jig and trip
+  "Corinna," "Cherry," "Honeycomb," and "Snip;"
+  Not without art, but yet to nature true,
+  She charms the town with humor just yet new.
+
+  Churchill, _Roseiad_ (1761).
+
+Corinne' (2 _syl_.) the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de Stael.
+Her lover proved false, and the maiden gradually pined away.
+
+_A Corinthian_, a rake, a "fast man." Prince Henry says (1 _Henry IV_.
+act ii. sc. 4.) "[_They_] tell me I am no proud Jack, like Falstaff,
+but a Corinthian, a lad of mettle."
+
+CORINTHIAN TOM, "a fast man," the sporting rake in Pierce Egan's _Life
+in London_.
+
+CORIOLA'NUS _(Caius Marcius_), called Coriolanus from his victory
+at Cori'oli. His mother was Vetu'ria (_not Volumnia_), and his wife
+Volumnia (not _Virgilia_). Shakespeare has a drama so called. La
+Harpe has also a drama entitled _Coriolan_, produced in 1781.--Livy,
+_Annals_, ii. 40.
+
+I remember her [_Mrs. Siddons_] coming down the stage in the triumphal
+entry of her son Coriolanus, when her dumb-show drew plaudits that
+shook the house. She came alone, marching and beating time to the
+music, rolling ... from side to side, swelling with the triumph of her
+son. Such was the intoxication of joy which flashed from her eye and
+lit up her whole face, that the effect was irresistible.--C.M. Young.
+
+CORITA'NI, the people of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire,
+Leicestershire, Rutlandshire, and Northamptonshire. Drayton refers to
+them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+CORMAC I., son of Conar, a Cael, who succeeded his father as "king of
+Ireland," and reigned many years. In the latter part of his reign the
+Fir-bolg (or Belgae settled in the south of Ireland), who had been
+subjugated by Conar, rebelled, and Cormac was reduced to such
+extremities that he sent to Fingal for aid. Fingal went with a large
+army, utterly defeated Colculla "lord of Atha," and re-established
+Cormac in the sole possession of Ireland. For this service Cormac gave
+Fingal his daughter Roscra'na for wife, and Ossian was their first
+son. Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son
+Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II. (a minor); and Cormac II., (after a
+short interregnum) by Ferad-Artho.--Ossian.
+
+CORMAC II. (a minor), king of Ireland. On his succeeding his father
+Artho on the throne, Swaran, king of Lochlin [_Scandinavia_] invaded
+Ireland, and defeated the army under the command of Cuthullin.
+Fingal's arrival turned the tide of events, for the next day Swaran
+was routed and returned to Lochlin. In the third year of his reign
+Torlath rebelled, but was utterly discomfited at lake Lago by
+Cuthullin, who, however, was himself mortally wounded by a random
+arrow during the persuit. Not long after this Cairbre rose in
+insurrection, murdered the young king, and usurped the government. His
+success, however, was only of short duration, for having invited Oscar
+to a feast, he treacherously slew him, and was himself slain at the
+same time. His brother Cathmor succeeded for a few days, when he also
+was slain in battle by Fingal, and the Conar dynasty restored. Conar
+(first king of Ireland, a Caledonian) was succeeded by his son Cormac
+I; Cormac I. was succeeded by his son Cairbre; Cairbre by his son
+Artho; Artho by his son Cormac II.; and Cormac II (after a short
+interregnum) by his cousin Ferad-Artho.--Ossian, _Fingal, Dar-Thula
+and Temora_.
+
+COR'MACK _(Donald)_, a Highland robber-chief.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV).
+
+COR'MALO, a "chief of ten thousand spears," who lived near the waters
+of Lano (a Scandinavian lake). He went to Inis-Thona (an island of
+Scandinavia), to the court of King Annir, and "sought the honor of the
+spear" (i.e. a tournament). Argon, the eldest son of Annir, tilted
+with him and overthrew him. This vexed Cormalo greatly, and during a
+hunting expedition he drew his bow in secret and shot both Argon and
+his brother Ruro. Their father wondered they did not return, when
+their dog Runa came bounding into the hall, howling so as to attract
+attention. Annir followed the hound, and found his sons both dead. In
+the mean time his daughter was carried off by Cormalo. When Oscar, son
+of Ossian, heard thereof, he vowed vengeance, went with an army to
+Lano, encountered Cormalo, and slew him. Then rescuing the
+daughter, he took her back to Inis-Thona, and delivered her to her
+father.--Ossian, _The War of Inis-Thona._
+
+COR'MORAN' _(The Giant_), a Cornish giant slain by Jack the
+Giant-killer. This was his first exploit, accomplished when he was a
+mere boy. Jack dug a deep pit, and so artfully filmed it over atop,
+that the giant fell into it, whereupon Jack knocked him on the head
+and killed him.
+
+CORNAVII, the inhabitants of Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire,
+Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Drayton refers to them in his
+_Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+CORNE'LIA, wife of Titus Sempronius Gracchus, and mother of the two
+tribunes Tiberius and Caius. She was almost idolized by the Romans,
+who erected a statue in her honor, with this inscription: CORNELIA,
+MOTHER OF THE GRACCHI.
+
+  Clelia, Cornelia,... and the Roman brows
+  Of Agrippina
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+CORNET, a waiting-woman on Lady Fanciful. She caused great offence
+because she did not flatter her ladyship. She actually said to
+her, "Your ladyship looks very ill this morning," which the French
+waiting-woman contradicted by saying, "My opinion be, matam, dat your
+latyship never look so well in all your life." Lady Fanciful said to
+Cornet, "Get out of the room, I can't endure you;" and then turning to
+Mdlle, she added, "This wench is insufferably ugly.... Oh, by-the-by,
+Mdlle., you can take these two pair of gloves. The French are
+certainly well-mannered, and never flatter."--Vanbrugh, _The Provoked
+Wife_ (1697).
+
+[Illustration] This is of a piece with the archbishop of Granada and
+his secretary Gil Blas.
+
+CORNEY (_Mrs_.), matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born.
+She is a well-to-do widow, who marries Bumble, and reduces the pompous
+beadle to a hen-pecked husband.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, xxxvii.
+(1837).
+
+CORNFLOWER (_Henry_), a farmer, who "beneath a rough outside,
+possessed a heart which would have done honor to a prince."
+
+_Mrs. Cornflower_, (by birth Emma Belton), the farmer's wife abducted
+by Sir Charles Courtly.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1789).
+
+CORNIOLE GIOVANNI DELLE, i.e. Giovanni of the Cornelians, the cognomen
+given to an engraver of these stones in the time of Lorenzo di Medici.
+His most famous work, the Savonarola in the Uffoziel gallery.
+
+CORN-LAW RHYMER (_The_), Ebenezer Elliot (1781-1849).
+
+CORNWALL (_Barry_), an imperfect anagram of Bryan Waller Proctor,
+author of _English Songs_ (1788-1874).
+
+COROMBONA (_Vittoria_), the White Devil, the chief character in
+a drama by John Webster, entitled _The White Devil, or Vittoria
+Corombona_ (1612).
+
+CORO'NIS, daughter of Phoroneus (3 _syl_.) king of Pho'cis,
+metamorphosed by Minerva into a crow. CORPORAL (_The Little_). General
+Bonaparte was so called after the battle of Lodi(1796).
+
+CORRECTOR (_Alexander the_), Alexander Cruden, author of the
+_Concordance to the Bible_, for many years a corrector of the press,
+in London. He believed himself divinely inspired to correct the morals
+and manners of the world (1701-1770).
+
+COURROUGE' (2 _syl_.), the sword of Sir Otuel, a presumptuous Saracen,
+nephew of Farracute (3 _syl_.). Otuel was in the end converted to
+Christianity.
+
+CORSAIR (_The_), Lord Conrad, afterwards called Lara. Hearing that the
+Sultan Seyd [_Seed_] was about to attack the pirates, he assumed the
+disguise of a dervise and entered the palace, while his crew set fire
+to the Sultan's fleet. Conrad was apprehended and cast into a dungeon,
+but being released by Glulnare (queen of the harem), he fled with her
+to the Pirates' Isle. Here he found that Medo'ra (his heart's darling)
+had died during his absence, so he left the Island with Gulnare,
+returned to his native land, headed a rebellion, and was shot.--Byron,
+_The Corsair_, continued in _Lara_ (1814).
+
+(This tale is based on the adventures of Lafitte, the notorious
+buccaneer. Lafitte was pardoned by General Jackson for services
+rendered to the States in 1815, during the attack of the British on
+New Orleans).
+
+COR'SAND, a magistrate at the examination of Dirk Hatteraick at
+Kippletringan.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II).
+
+CORSICAN GENERAL (_The_), Napoleon I., who was born in Corsica
+(1769-1821).
+
+COR'SINA, wife of the corsair who found Fairstar and Chery in the boat
+as it drifted on the sea. Being made very rich by her foster-children,
+Corsina brought them up as princes. Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_
+(The Princess Fairstar, 1682).
+
+CORTE'JO, a cavaliere servente, who as Byron says in _Beppo_:
+
+  Coach, servants, gondola, must go to call,
+  And carries fan and tippet, gloves and shawl.
+
+  Was it not for this that no cortejo ere
+  I yet have chosen from the youth of Sev'ille?
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 148 (1819).
+
+CORVI'NO (_Signior_), a Venetian merchant, duped by Mosca into
+believing that he is Vol'pone's heir.--Ben Jonson, _Volpone or the
+Fox_ (1605).
+
+CORYATE'S CRUDITIES, a book of travels by Thomas Coryate, who called
+himself the "Odcombian Legstretcher." He was the son of the rector of
+Odcombe (1577--1617).
+
+CORYCIAN NYMPHS (_The_), the Muses, so called from the cave of Corycia
+on Lyeorca, one of the two chief summits of Mount Parnassus, in
+Greece.
+
+COR'YDON, a common name for a shepherd. It occurs in the _Idylls_ of
+Theocritos; the _Eclogues_ of Virgil; _The Cantata_, v., of Hughes,
+etc.
+
+_Cor'ydon_, the shepherd who languished for the fair Pastorella (canto
+9). Sir Calidore, the successful rival, treated him most courteously,
+and when he married the fair shepherdess, gave Corydon both flocks
+and herds to mitigate his disappointment (canto 11).--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, vi. (1596).
+
+_Cor'ydon_, the shoemaker, a citizen.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of
+Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+CORYPHAEUS OF GERMAN LITERATURE _(The)_, Goethe.
+
+The Polish poet called upon ... the great Corypheeus of German
+literature.--W. R. Morfell, _Notes and Queries_, April 27, 1878.
+
+CORYPHE'US (4 _syl_.), a model man or leader, from the Koruphaios or
+leader of the chorus in the Greek drama. Aristarchos is called _The
+Corypheus of Grammarians_.
+
+COSETTE. Illegitimate child of Fantine, a Parisian _grisette_. She
+puts the baby into the care of peasants who neglect and maltreat the
+little creature. She is rescued by the ex-convict Jean Valjean, who
+nurtures her tenderly and marries her to a respectable man.--Victor
+Hugo, _Les Miserables._
+
+COSME _(St.)_, patron of surgeons, born in Arabia. He practised
+medicine in Cilicia with his brother St. Damien, and both suffered
+martyrdom under Diocletian in 303 or 310. Their fete day is December
+27. In the twelfth century there was a medical society called _Saint
+Cosme_.
+
+COS'MIEL (3 _syl_.), the genius of the world. He gave to
+Theodidactus a boat of asbestos, in which he sailed to the sun and
+planets.--Kircher, _Ecstatic Journey to Heaven._
+
+COSMOS, the personification of "the world" as the enemy of man.
+Phineas Fletcher calls him "the first son to the Dragon red" (_the
+devil_). "Mistake," he says, "points all his darts;" or, as the
+Preacher says, "Vanity, vanity, all is vanity." Fully described in
+_The Purple Island_, viii (1633). (Greek, _kosmos_, "the world.")
+
+COS'TARD, a clown who apes the court wits of Queen Elizabeth's time.
+He uses the word "honorificabilitudinitatibus," and some of his
+blunders are very ridiculous, as "ad dunghill, at the fingers' ends,
+as they say" (act v. I).--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).
+
+COSTIGAN, Irish Captain in _Pendennis_, W. M. Thackeray.
+
+COSTIN _(Lord)_, disguised as a beggar, in _The Beggar's Bush_, a
+drama by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).
+
+COTE MALE-TAILE _(Sir)_, meaning the "knight with the villainous
+coat," the nickname given by Sir Key (the seneschal of King Arthur) to
+Sir Brewnor le Noyre, a young knight who wore his father's, coat with
+all its sword-cuts, to keep him in remembrance of the vengeance due to
+his father. His first achievement was to kill a lion that "had broken
+loose from a tower, and came hurling after the queen." He married a
+damsel called Maledisaunt (3 _syl_.), who loved him, but always chided
+him. After her marriage she was called Beauvinant.--Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 42-50 (1470).
+
+COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT; Poem in which Burns depicts the household of
+a Scottish peasant gathering about the hearth on the last evening of
+the week for supper, social converse and family worship. The picture
+of the "Saint, the Father and the Husband" is drawn the poet's
+own father. COTYTTO, Groddess of the Edoni of Thrace. Her orgies
+resembled those of the Thracian Cybele (_3 syl_).
+
+  Hail goddess of nocturnal sport,
+  Dark-veiled Cotytto, to whom the secret flame
+  Of midnight torches burns.
+  Milton, _Comus_, 136, etc. (1634.)
+
+COULIN, a British giant pursued by Debon till he came to a chasm 132
+feet across which he leaped; but slipping on the opposite side, he
+fell backwards into the pit and was killed.
+
+  And eke that ample pit yet far renowned
+  For the great leap which Debon did compell
+  Coulin to make, being eight lugs of grownd,
+  Into which the returning back he fell.
+  Spencer, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1590.)
+
+COUNT OF NARBONNE, a tragedy by Robert Jephson (1782). His father,
+Count Raymond, having poisoned Alphonso, forged a will barring
+Godfrey's right, and naming Raymond as successor. Theodore fell in
+love with Adelaide, the count's daughter, but was reduced to this
+dilemma: if he married Adelaide he could not challenge the count and
+obtain the possessions he had a right to as grandson of Alphonso; if,
+on the other hand, he obtained his rights and killed the count in
+combat, he could not expect that Adelaide would marry him. At the end
+the count killed Adelaide, and then himself. This drama is copied from
+Walpole's _Castle of Otranto_.
+
+COUNT ROBERT OF PARIS, a novel by Sir W. Scott, after the wreck of
+his fortune and repeated strokes of paralysis (1831). The critic can
+afford to be indulgent, and those who read this story must remember
+that the sun of the great wizard was hastening to its set. The time of
+the novel is the reign of Rufus. COUNTRY (_Father of his_). Cicero
+was so called by the Roman senate (B.C. 106-43). Julius Caesar was
+so called after quelling the insurrection in Spain (B.C. 100-43).
+Augustus Caesar was called _Pater atque Princeps_ (B.C. 63, 31-14).
+Cosmo de Medici (1389-1464). Washington, defender and paternal
+counsellor of the American States (1732-1799). Andrea Dorea is so
+called on the base of his statue in Genoa (1468-1560). Andronlcus
+Palaeologus II. assumed the title (1260-1332). (See 1 _Chron_. iv.
+14).
+
+COUNTRY GIRL (_The_), a comedy by Garrick, altered from Wycherly. The
+"country girl" is Peggy Thrift, the orphan daughter of Sir Thomas
+Thrift, and ward of Moody, who brings her up in the country in perfect
+seclusion. When Moody is 50 and Peggy is 19, he wants to marry her,
+but she outwits him and marries Bellville, a young man of suitable age
+and position.
+
+COUNTRY WIFE (_The_), a comedy by William Wycherly (1675).
+
+  Pope was proud to receive notice from the
+  author of _The Country Wife_.--R. Chambers,
+  _English Literature_, i. 393.
+
+COUPEE, the dancing-master, who says "if it were not for
+dancing-masters, men might as well walk on their heads as heels." He
+courts Lucy by promising to teach her dancing.--Fielding, _The Virgin
+Unmasked._
+
+COURTAIN, one of the swords of Ogier the Dane, made by Munifican. His
+other sword was Sauvagine.
+
+  But Ogier gazed upon it [_the sea_] doubtfully
+  One Moment, and then, sheathing, Courtain, said,
+  "What tales are these?"
+  W. Morris, _The Earthly Paradise_ ("August").
+
+COURTALL, a fop and consummate libertine, for ever boasting of his
+love-conquests over ladies of the _haut monde_. He tries to corrupt
+Lady Frances Touchwood, but is foiled by Saville.--Mrs. Cowley, _The
+Belle's Stratagem_ (1780).
+
+COURTLY (_Sir Charles_), a young libertine, who abducted the beautiful
+wife of Farmer Cornflower.--Dibdin, _The Farmer's Wife_ (1780).
+
+COUSIN COPELAND, a little old bachelor, courtly and quaint, who lives
+in "Old Gardiston," the home of his ancestors "befo' de wah." He has
+but one suit of clothes, so he dresses for dinner by donning a ruffled
+shirt and a flower in his buttonhole. His work is among "documents,"
+his life in the past; without murmur at poverty or change he keeps
+up the even routine of life until one evening, trying to elevate his
+gentle little voice as he reads to his niece, so as to be heard above
+the rain and wind, it fails.
+
+  "Four days afterward he died, gentle and
+  placid to the last. He was an old man, although
+  no one had ever thought so."--Constance
+  Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_, (1880).
+
+COUSIN MICHEL or MICHAEL, the nickname of a German, as John Bull is of
+an Englishman, Brother Jonathan of an American, Colin Tampon a Swiss,
+John Chinaman a Chinese, etc.
+
+COUVADE (_2 syl._), a man who takes the place of his wife when she is
+in child-bed. In these cases the man lies a-bed, and the woman does
+the household duties. The people called "Gold Tooth," in the confines
+of Burmah, are _couvades_. M. Francisque Michel tells us the custom
+still exists in Biscay; and Colonel Yule assures us that it is common
+in Yunnan and among the Miris in Upper Assam. Mr.
+
+Tylor has observed the same custom among the Caribs of the West
+Indies, the Abipones of Central South America, the aborigines of
+California, in Guiana, in West Africa, and in the Indian Archipelago.
+Diodorus speaks of it as existing at one time in Corsica; Strabo says
+the custom prevailed in the north of Spain; and Apollonius Rhodius
+that the Tabarenes on the Euxine Sea observed the same:
+
+  In the Tabarenian land,
+  When some good woman bears her lord a babe,
+  '_Tis he_ is swathed, and groaning put to bed;
+  While she arising tends his bath and serves
+  Nice possets for her husband in the straw.
+  Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_
+
+COVERLEY (_Sir Roger de_), a member of an hypothetical club, noted
+for his modesty, generosity, hospitality, and eccentric whims; most
+courteous to his neighbors, most affectionate to his family, most
+amiable to his domestics. Sir Roger, who figures in thirty papers
+of the _Spectator_, is the very beau-ideal of an amiable country
+gentleman of Queen Anne's time.
+
+  What would Sir Roger de Coverley be without
+  his follies and his charming little brain-cracks? If
+  the good knight did not call out to the people
+  sleeping in church, and say "Amen" with such
+  delightful pomposity; if he did not mistake Mde.
+  Doll Tearsheet for a lady of quality in Temple
+  Garden; if he were wiser than he is ... of
+  what worth were he to us? We love him for his
+  vanities as much as for his virtues.--Thackeray.
+
+COWARDS and BULLIES. In Shakespeare we have Paroles and Pistol; in Ben
+Jonson, Bobadil; in Beaumont and Fletcher, Bessus and Mons. Lapet,
+the very prince of cowards; in the French drama, La Capitan, Metamore,
+and Scaramouch. (See also BASILISCO, CAPTAIN NOLL BLUFF, BOROUGHCLIFF,
+CAPTAIN BRAZEN, SIR PETRONEL FLASH, SACRIPANT, VINCENT DE LA ROSA,
+etc.)
+
+
+COWPER, called "Author of _The Task_," from his principal poem
+(1731-1800).
+
+COXCOMB (_The Prince of_) Charles Joseph Prince de Ligne (1535-1614).
+
+Richard II. of England (1366, 1377-1400).
+
+Henri III, of France, _Le Mignon_ (1551, 1574-1589).
+
+COXE (_Captain_), one of the masques at Kenilworth.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+COY BISHOP. Best friend and unconscious foil to Avis Dobell in
+Elizabeth Stuart Phelps' _Story of Avis_. "Her face is as innocent of
+sarcasm as a mocking bird's;" she "is one of the immortal few who can
+look pretty in their crimping-pins;" she "has the glibness of most
+unaccentuated natures;" she admires Avis without comprehending her,
+and she makes an excellent wife to John Rose, a practical young
+clergyman. (1877).
+
+CRABSHAW (_Timothy_), the servant of Sir Launcelot Greaves's
+squire.--Smollett, _Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760).
+
+CRABTREE, in Smollett's novel called _The Adventures of Peregine
+Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Crabtree_, uncle of Sir Harry Bumber, in Sheridan's comedy, _The
+School for Scandal_ (1777).
+
+_Crabtree_, a gardener at Fairport.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_
+(time George III.).
+
+CRAC (_M. de_), the French Baron Munchausen; hero of a French
+operetta.
+
+CRACKENTHORP (_Father_), a publican.
+
+_Dolly Crackenthorp_, daughter of the publican.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+CRACKIT (_Flash Toby_), one of the villains in the attempted burglary
+in which Bill Sikes and his associates were concerned.--C. Dickens,
+_Oliver Twist_ (1837.)
+
+CRA'DLEMONT, king of Wales, subdued by Arthur, fighting for
+Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliarn (3 _syl_.).--Tennyson, _Coming of
+Arthur_.
+
+CRADOCK (_Sir_), the only knight who could carve the boar's head which
+no cuckold could cut; or drink from a bowl which no cuckold could
+quaff without spilling the liquor. His lady was the only one in King
+Arthur's court who could wear the mantle of chastity brought thither
+by a boy during Christmas-tide.--Percy, _Reliques, etc._, III. iii.
+18.
+
+CRAIGDAL'LIE (_Adam_), the senior baillie of Perth.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CRAIG'ENGELT (_Captain_), an adventurer and companion of Bucklaw. Sir
+W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+CRAIK MAMSELL. A murderer who allows suspicion to fall upon the
+innocent in Anna Katherine Green's story, _Hand and Ring_ (1883).
+
+CRAMP (_Corporal_), under captain Thornton.--Sir W. Scott, _Bob Roy_
+(time, George I.)
+
+CRAN'BOURNE, (_Sir Jasper_), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+CRANE (_Dame Alison_), mistress of the Crane inn, at Marlborough.
+
+_Gaffer Crane_, the dame's husband.--Sir W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+_Crane (Ichabod)_, a credulous Yankee schoolmaster. He is described as
+"tall, exceedingly lank, and narrow-shouldered; his arms, legs, and
+neck unusually long; his hands dangle a mile out of his sleeves; his
+feet might serve for shovels; and his whole frame is very loosely hung
+together."
+
+  The head of Ichabod Crane was small and
+  flat at top, with huge ears, large green glassy
+  eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked
+  like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle
+  neck to tell which way the wind blew.--W. Irving,
+  _Sketch-Book_ ("Legend of Sleepy Hollow.")
+
+CRANES (1 _syl_.). Milton, referring to the wars of the pygmies and
+the cranes, calls the former
+
+  That small infantry
+  Warred on by cranes.
+
+  _Paradise Lost_, i. 575 (1665).
+
+CRANION, queen Mab's charioteer.
+
+  Four nimble gnats the horses were,
+  Their harnesses of gossamere,
+  Fly Cranion, her charioteer.
+
+  M. Dayton, _Nymphidia_ (1563-1631).
+
+CRANK (_Dame_), the papist laundress at Marlborough.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+CRA'PAUD (_Johnnie_), a Frenchman, as John Bull is an Englishman,
+Cousin Michael a German, Colin Tampon a Swiss, Brother Jonathan a
+North American, etc. Called Crapaud from the device of the ancient
+kings of France, "three toads erect saltant." Nostradamus, in the
+sixteenth century, called the French _crapauds_ in the well-known
+line:
+
+  Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara.
+
+("Sara" is Aras backwards, a city taken from the Spaniards under
+Louis XIV.) CRATCHIT (_Bob_ or _Robert_), clerk of Ebenezer Scrooge,
+stock-broker. Though Bob Cratchit has to maintain nine persons on 15s.
+a week, he has a happier home and spends a merrier Christmas than his
+master with all his wealth and selfishness.
+
+_Tiny Tim Cratchit_, the little lame son of Bob Cratchit, the Benjamin
+of the family, the most helpless and most beloved of all. Tim does not
+die, but Ebenezer Scrooge, after his change of character, makes him
+his special care.--C. Dickens, _A Christmas Carol_ (in five staves,
+1843).
+
+CRAW'FORD (_Lindsay, earl of_), the young earl-marshal of
+Scotland.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Craw'ford (Lord)_, captain of the Scottish guard at Plessis les
+Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time,
+Edward IV.).
+
+CRAWLEY (_Sir Pitt_), of Great Gaunt Street, and of Queen's Crawley,
+Hants. A sharp, miserly, litigious, vulgar, ignorant baronet, very
+rich, desperately mean, "a philosopher with a taste for low life," and
+intoxicated every night. Becky Sharp was engaged by him to teach his
+two daughters. On the death of his second wife, Sir Pitt asked her to
+become lady Crawley, but Becky had already married his son, Captain
+Rawdon Crawley. This "aristocrat" spoke of "brass fardens," and was
+unable to spell the simplest words, as the following specimen will
+show:--"Sir Pitt Crawley begs Miss Sharp and baggidge may be hear on
+Tuseday, as I leaf ... to-morrow erly." The whole baronetage, peerage,
+and commonage of England did not contain a more cunning, mean,
+foolish, disreputable old rogue than Sir Pitt Crawley. He died at the
+age of fourscore, "lamented and beloved, regretted and honored," if we
+can believe his monumental tablet.
+
+_Lady Crawley_. Sir Pitt's first wife was "a confounded quarrelsome,
+high-bred jade." So he chose for his second wife the daughter of Mr.
+Dawson, iron-monger, of Mudbury, who gave up her sweetheart, Peter
+Butt, for the gilded vanity of Crawleyism. This ironmonger's daughter
+had "pink cheeks and a white skin, but no distinctive character, no
+opinions, no occupation, no amusements, no vigor of mind, no temper;
+she was a mere female machine." Being a "blonde, she wore draggled
+sea-green or slatternly sky-blue dresses," went about slip-shod and in
+curl-papers all day till dinner-time. She died and left Sir Pitt for
+the second time a widower, "to-morrow to fresh woods and pastures
+new."
+
+_Mr. Pitt Crawley_, eldest son of Sir Pitt, and at the death of his
+father inheritor of the title and estates. Mr. Pitt was a most proper
+gentleman. He would rather starve than dine without a dress-coat and
+white neckcloth. The whole house bowed down to him; even Sir Pitt
+himself threw off his muddy gaiters in his son's presence. Mr. Pitt
+always addressed his mother-in-law with "most powerful respect," and
+strongly impressed her with his high aristocratic breeding. At Eton
+he was called "Miss Crawley." His religious opinions were offensively
+aggressive and of the "evangelical type." He even built a
+meeting-house close by his uncle's church. Mr. Pitt Crawley came
+into the large fortune of his aunt, Miss Crawley, married Lady Jane
+Sheepshanks, daughter of the Countess of Southdown, became an M.P.,
+grew money-loving and mean, but less and less "evangelical" as he grew
+great and wealthy.
+
+_Captain Rawdon Crawley_, younger brother of Mr. Pitt Crawley. He was
+in the Dragoon Guards, a "blood about town," and an adept in boxing,
+rat-hunting, the fives-court, and four-in-hand driving. He was a young
+dandy, six feet high, with a great voice, but few brains. He could
+swear a great deal, but could not spell. He ordered about the
+servants, who nevertheless adored him; was generous, but did not pay
+his tradesmen; a Lothario, free and easy. His style of talk was, "Aw,
+aw; Jave-aw; Grad-aw; it's a confounded fine segaw-aw--confounded as I
+ever smoked. Gad-aw." This military exquisite was the adopted heir of
+Miss Crawley, but as he chose to marry Becky Sharp, was set aside for
+his brother Pitt. For a time Becky enabled him to live in splendor
+"upon nothing a year," but a great scandal got wind of gross
+improprieties between Lord Steyne and Becky, so that Rawdon separated
+from his wife, and was given the governorship of Coventry Isle by Lord
+Steyne. "His Excellency Colonel Rawdon Crawley died in his island of
+yellow fever, most deeply beloved and deplored," and his son Rawdon
+inherited his uncle's title and the family estates.
+
+_The Rev. Bute Crawley_, brother of Sir Pitt. He was a "tall, stately,
+jolly, shovel-hatted rector." "He pulled stroke-oar in the Christ
+Church boat, and had thrashed the best bruisers of the town. The Rev.
+Bute loved boxing-matches, races, hunting, coursing, balls, elections,
+regattas, and good dinners; had a fine singing voice, and was very
+popular." His wife wrote his sermons for him.
+
+_Mrs. Bute Crawley_, the rector's wife, was a smart little lady,
+domestic, politic, but apt to overdo her "policy." She gave
+her husband full liberty to do as he liked; was prudent and
+thrifty.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+CRAYDOCKE _(Miss)._ Quaint friend of the Ripwinkleys and of everybody
+else who figures in A.D.T. Whitney's _Real Folks_, and other of her
+books. "Around her there is always springing up a busy and a spreading
+crystallizing of shining and blessed elements. The world is none too
+big for her, or for any such, of course."
+
+CRAY'ON _(Le Sieur de_), one of the officers of Charles "the Bold,"
+Duke of Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward
+IV.).
+
+_Crayon (Geoffrey), Esq._, Washington Irving, author of _The
+Sketch-Book_ (1820).
+
+CREA'KLE, a hard, vulgar school-master, to whose charge David
+Copperfield was entrusted, and where he first made the acquaintance of
+Steerforth.
+
+  The circumstance abont him which impressed
+  me most was that he had no voice, but spoke in
+  a whisper.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_, vi.
+  (1849).
+
+CREAM CHEESE _(Rev.)_, an aesthetic divine whose disciple Mrs.
+Potiphar is in _The Potiphar Papers_.--George William Curtis (1853).
+
+CREBILLON OF ROMANCE _(The)_, A. Francois Prevost d'Exiles
+(1697-1763).
+
+CREDAT JUDAEUS APELLA, NONEGO (Horace, _Sat. I_. v. 100). Of "Apella"
+nothing whatever is known. In general the name is omitted, and the
+word "Judaeus" stands for any Jew. "A disbelieving Jew would give
+credit to the statement sooner than I should."
+
+CRES'SIDA, in Chaucer CRESSEIDE (2 _syl_.), a beautiful, sparkling,
+and accomplished woman, who has become a by-word for infidelity. She
+was the daughter of Calchas, a Trojan priest, who took part with the
+Greeks. Cressida is not a character of classic story, but a mediaeval
+creation. Pope says her story was the invention of Lollius the
+Lombard, historiographer of Urbino, in Italy. Cressida betroths
+herself to Troilus, a son of Priam, and vows eternal fidelity. Troilus
+gives the maiden a _sleeve_, and she gives her Adonis a _glove_, as a
+love-knot. Soon after this betrothal an exchange of prisoners is made,
+when Cressida falls to the lot of Diomed, to whom she very soon yields
+her love, and even gives him the very sleeve which Troilus had given
+her as a love-token.
+
+  As false
+  As air, as water, wind, or sandy earth.
+  Yea, let [_men_] say to stick the heart of falsehood,
+  "As false as Cressid."
+
+  (Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act iii. sc. 2)
+  (1602).
+
+CRESSWELL (_Madame_), a woman of infamous character, who bequeathed
+L10 for a funeral sermon, in which nothing ill should be said of her.
+The Duke of Buckinham wrote the sermon, which was as follows:--"All
+I shall say of her is this: she was born _well_, she married _well_,
+lived _well_, and died _well_; for she was born at Shad-well, married
+Cress-well, lived at Clerken-well, and died in Bride-well."
+
+CRESSY MCKINSTRY. Belle of Tuolumne County, California; pretty, saucy
+and illiterate. She conceives the idea of getting an education, and
+attends the district school, breaking an engagement of marriage to do
+this; bewitches the master, a college graduate, and confesses her love
+for him, but will not be "engaged:"
+
+"I don't know enough to be a wife to you just now and you know it. I
+couldn't keep a house fit for you and you couldn't keep me without
+it.... You're only a dandy boy, you know, and they don't get married
+to backwood Southern girls."
+
+After many scrapes involving perils, shared together, and much
+love-making, he is stunned one morning to learn that Cressy is married
+to another man, whom she had feigned not to like.--Bret Harte,
+_Cressy_ (1889).
+
+CRETE (_Hound of_), a blood-hound.--See _Midsummer Night's Dream_, act
+iii. sec. 2.
+
+  Coupe le gorge, that's the word; I thee defy again,
+  O hound of Crete!
+
+Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act ii. sc. 1 (1599).
+
+_Crete (The Infamy of)_, the Minotaur.
+
+  [_There_] lay stretched
+  The infamy of Crete, detested brood
+  Of the feigned heifer.
+Dante, _Hell_, xii. (1300, Cary's translation).
+
+
+CREVECOUR (2 _syl_.). The count Philip de Crevecour is the envoy sent
+by Charles "the Bold," duke of Burgundy, with a defiance to Louis XI.,
+king of France.
+
+_The Countess of Crevecour_, wife of the count.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CRIB (_Tom_), Thomas Moore, author of _Tom Crib's Memorial to
+Congress_ (1819).
+
+CRILLON. The following story is told of this brave but simple-minded
+officer. Henry IV., after the battle of Arques, wrote to him thus:
+
+Prends-toi, brave Crillon, nous avons vaincu a Arques, et tu n'y etais
+pas.
+
+The first and last part of this letter have become proverbial in
+France.
+
+When Crillon heard the story of the Crucifixion read at Church, he
+grew so excited that he cried out in an audible voice, _Ou etais
+tu, Crillon_? ("What were you about, Crillon, to permit of such
+atrocity!")
+
+[Illustration: symbol] When Clovis was told of the Crucifixion, he
+exclaimed, "Had I and my Franks been by, we would have avenged the
+wrong, I warrant."
+
+CRIMO'RA AND CONNAL. Crimora, daughter of Rinval, was in love with
+Connal of the race of Fingal, who was defied by Dargo. He begs his
+"sweeting" to lend him her father's shield, but she says it is
+ill-fated, for her father fell by the spear of Gormar. Connal went
+against his foe, and Crimora, disguised in armor, went also, but
+unknown to him. She saw her lover in fight with Dargo, and discharged
+an arrow at the foe, but it missed its aim and shot Connal. She ran in
+agony to his succor. It was too late. He died, Crimora died also, and
+both were buried in one grave. Ossian, _Carric-Thura._
+
+CRINGLE (_Tom_), Hero of sea-story by Michael Scott, _Tom Cringle's
+Log_.
+
+CRISPIN (_St._). Crispinos and Crispianus were two brothers, born at
+Rome, from which place they traveled to Soissons, in France (about
+A.D. 303), to propagate the gospel, and worked as shoe-makers, that
+they might not be chargeable to any one. The governor of the town
+ordered them to be beheaded the very year of their arrival, and they
+were made the tutelary saints of the "gentle craft." St. Crispin's Day
+is October 25.
+
+  This day is called the feast of Crispian..
+  And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
+  From this day to the ending of the world,
+  But we in it shall be remembered.
+
+Shakespeare, _Henry V_. act iv. sc. 3 (1599).
+
+CRITIC (_A Bossu_), one who criticizes the "getting up" of a book more
+than its literary worth; a captious, carping critic. Rene le Bossu was
+a French critic (1631-1680).
+
+  The epic poem your lordship bade me look at,
+  upon taking the length, breadth, height, and
+  depth of it, and trying them at home upon an
+  exact scale of Bossu's, 'tis out, my lord, in every
+  one of its dimensions. Admirable connoisseur!
+  --Sterne.
+
+(Probably the scale referred to was that of Bossut the mathematician,
+and that either Bossu and Bossut have been confounded, or else that a
+pun is intended).
+
+_Critic (The)_, by R. B. Sheridan, suggested by _The Rehearsal_
+(1779).
+
+[Illustration] _The Rehearsal_ is by the Duke of Buckingham (1671).
+
+CRITICS (_The Prince of_), Aristarchos of Byzantium, who compiled, in
+the second century B.C., the rhapsodies of Homer.
+
+CROAKER, guardian to Miss Richland. Never so happy as when he imagines
+himself a martyr. He loves a funeral better than a festival, and
+delights to think that the world is going to rack and ruin. His
+favorite phrase is "May be not."
+
+  A poor, fretful soul, that has a new distress
+  for every hour of the four and twenty.--Act i. 1.
+
+_Mrs. Croaker_, the very reverse of her grumbling, atrabilious
+husband. She is mirthful, light-hearted, and cheerful as a lark.
+
+  The very reverse of each other. She all laugh
+  and no joke, he always complaining and never
+  sorrowful.--Act i. 1.
+
+_Leontine Croaker_, son of Mr. Croaker. Being sent to Paris to fetch
+his sister, he falls in love with Olivia Woodville, whom he brings
+home instead, introduces her to Croaker as his daughter, and
+ultimately marries her.--Goldsmith, _The Good Natured Man_ (1768).
+
+CROCODILE (_King_). The people of Isna, in Upper Egypt, affirm that
+there is a king crocodile as there is a queen bee. The king crocodile
+has ears but no tail, and has no power of doing harm. Southey says
+that though the king crocodile has no tail, he has teeth to devour his
+people with.--Browne, _Travels_.
+
+_Crocodile (Lady Kitty)_, meant for the Duchess of Kingston.--Sam.
+Foote, _A Trip to Calais_.
+
+CROCUS, a young man enamoured of the nymph Smilax, who did not return
+his love. The gods changed him into the crocus flower, to signify
+_unrequited love_.
+
+CROESUS, king of Lydia, deceived by an oracle, was conquered by Cyrus,
+king of Persia. Cyrus commanded a huge funeral pile to be erected upon
+which Croesus and fourteen Lydian youths were to be chained and burnt
+alive. When this was done, the discrowned king called on the name of
+Solon, and Cyrus asked why he did so. "Because he told me to call no
+one happy till death." Cyrus, struck with the remark, ordered the fire
+of the pile to be put out, but this could not be done. Croesus then
+called on Apollo, who sent a shower which extinguished the flames, and
+he with his Lydians came from the pile unharmed.
+
+[Illustration] The resemblance of this legend to the Bible account
+of the Jewish youths condemned by Nebuchadnezzar to be cast into the
+fiery furnace, from which they came forth uninjured, will recur to the
+reader.--_Daniel_, iii. _Croesus's Dream_. Croesus dreamt that his
+son, Atys, would be slain by an iron instrument, and used every
+precaution to prevent it, but to no purpose; for one day Atys went to
+chase the wild boar, and Adrastus, his friend, threw a dart at the
+boar to rescue Atys from danger; the dart, however, struck the prince
+and killed him. The tale is told by William Morris in his _Earthly
+Paradise_ ("July").
+
+CROFTANGRY (_Mr. Chrystal_), a gentleman fallen to decay, cousin of
+Mrs. Martha Bethune Baliol, to whom at death, he left the MS. of two
+novels, one _The Highland Widow_, and the other _The Fair Maid of
+Perth_, called the _First_ and _Second Series_ of the "Chronicles of
+Canongate" (_q. v._). The history of Mr. Chrystal Croftangry is given
+in the introductory chapters of _The Highland Widow_, and continued in
+the introduction of the _The Fair Maid of Perth_.
+
+Lockhart tells us that Mr. Croftangry is meant for Sir Walter Scott's
+father and that "the fretful patient at the death-bed" is a living
+picture.
+
+CROFTS _(Master)_, the person killed in a duel by Sir Geofrey Hudson,
+the famous dwarf.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+CROKER'S MARE. In the proverb _As coy as Croker's Mare_. This means
+"as chary as a mare that carries crockery."
+
+  She was to them as koy as a croker's Mare.
+
+J. Heywood, _Dialogue_ ii. 1 (1566).
+
+CROKERS. Potatoes are so called because they were first planted
+in Croker's field, at Youghal, in Ireland.--J. R. Planche,
+_Recollections, etc_. ii. 119.
+
+CROM'WELL _(Oliver)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Woodstock_.
+_Cromwell's daughter Elizabeth_, who married John Claypole. Seeing her
+father greatly agitated by a portrait of Charles I., she gently and
+lovingly led him away out of the room.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, Commonwealth).
+
+_Cromwell_ is called by the Preacher Burroughs "the archangel who did
+battle with the devil."
+
+_Cromwell's Lucky Day_. The 3rd September was considered by Oliver
+Cromwell to be his red-letter day. On the 3rd September, 1650, he won
+the battle of Dunbar; on 3rd September, 1651, he won the battle of
+Worcester; and on 3rd September, 1658, he died. It is not, however,
+true that he was born on 3rd September, as many affirm, for his
+birthday was 25th April, 1599.
+
+_Cromwell's Dead Body Insulted_. Cromwell's dead body was, by the
+sanction, if not by the express order of Charles II., taken from its
+grave, exposed on a gibbet, and finally buried under the gallows.
+
+[Illustration] Similarly, the tomb of Am'asis, king of Egypt, was
+broken open by Camby'ses; the body was then scourged and insulted in
+various ways, and finally burnt, which was abhorrent to the Egyptians,
+who used every possible method to preserve dead bodies in their
+integrity.
+
+The dead body of Admiral Coligny [_Co.leen.ye_] was similarly insulted
+by Charles IX., Catherine de Medicis, and all the court of France, who
+spattered blood and dirt on the half-burnt blackened mass. The king
+had the bad taste to say over it:
+
+  Fragrance sweeter than a rose
+  Rises from our slaughtered foes.
+
+It will be remembered that Coligny was the guest of Charles, his only
+crime being that he was a Huguenot.
+
+CROOK-FINGERED JACK, one of Macheath's gang of thieves. In eighteen
+months' service he brought to the general stock four fine gold watches
+and seven silver ones, sixteen snuff-boxes (five of which were gold),
+six dozen handkerchiefs, four silver-hilted swords, six shirts, three
+periwigs, and a "piece" of broadcloth. Pea'chum calls him "a mighty
+cleanhanded fellow," and adds:
+
+"Considering these are only the fruits of his leisure hours, I don't
+know a prettier fellow, for no man alive hath a more engaging presence
+of mind upon the road."--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_. I. 1 (1727).
+
+CROP _(George)_, an honest, hearty farmer, who has married a second
+wife, named Dorothy, between whom there are endless quarrels. Two
+especially are noteworthy. Crop tells his wife he hopes that better
+times are coming, and when the law-suit is over "we will have roast
+pork for dinner every Sunday." The wife replies, "It shall be lamb."
+"But I say it shall be pork." "I hate pork, I'll have lamb." "Pork, I
+tell you." "I say lamb." "It shan't be lamb, I will have pork." The
+other quarrel arises from Crop's having left the door open, which he
+asks his wife civilly to shut. She refuses, he commands; she turns
+obstinate, he turns angry; at length they agree that the person who
+first speaks shall shut the door. Dorothy speaks first, and Crop gains
+the victory.--P. Hoare, _No Song, no Supper_ (1754-1834).
+
+CROPLAND (_Sir Charles_), an extravagant, heartless libertine and man
+of fashion, who hates the country except for hunting, and looks on
+his estates and tenants only as the means of supplying money for his
+personal indulgence. Knowing that Emily Worthington is the daughter
+of a "poor gentleman," he offers her "a house in town, the run of his
+estate in the country, a chariot, two footmen, and L600 a year;" but
+the lieutenant's daughter rejects with scorn such "splendid infamy."
+At the end Sir Charles is made to see his own baseness, and offers the
+most ample apologies to all whom he has offended.--G. Colman, _The
+Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+CROQUEMITAINE [_Croak.mit.tain_], the bogie raised by fear. Somewhere
+near Saragossa was a terrible castle called Fear Fortress, which
+appeared quite impregnable; but as the bold approached it, the
+difficulties of access gradually gave way and even the fortress itself
+vanished into thin air.
+
+_Croquemitaine_ is a romance in three parts; the first part is a
+tournament between the knights of Marsillus, a Moorish king, and the
+paladins of Charlemagne; the second part is the siege of Saragossa
+by Charlemagne; and the third part is the allegory of Fear Fortress.
+Mitaine is the godchild of Charlemagne, who goes in search of Fear
+Fortress.
+
+CROQUIS (_Alfred_), Daniel Maclise, R.A. This pseudonym was attached
+to a series of character-portraits in _Frazer's Magazine_ between the
+years 1830 and 1838. Maclise was born 1811, and died 1870.
+
+CROS'BIE (_William_), provost of Dumfries, a friend of Mr. Fairford
+the lawyer.
+
+_Mrs. Crosbie_, wife of the provost, and a cousin of Eedgauntlet.--Sir
+W. Scott. _Redgauntlet_, (time, George III.).
+
+CROSBITE (2 _syl_.), a barrister.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time
+George III.).
+
+CROSS PURPOSES, a farce by O'Brien. There are three brothers named
+Bevil--Francis, an M.P., Harry, a lawyer, and George, in the Guards.
+They all, unknown to each other, wish to marry Emily Grub, the
+handsome daughter of a rich stockbroker. Francis pays court to the
+father, and obtains his consent; Harry to the mother, and obtains her
+consent; and George to the daughter, whose consent he obtains, and the
+two elder brothers retire from the field. The fun of the farce is the
+contention of the Grubs about a suitable husband, their joy at finding
+they have all selected Mr. Bevil, and their amazement at discovering
+that there are three of the same name.
+
+CROSS'MYLOOF, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time,
+George II.).
+
+CROTHAR, "Lord of Atha," in Connaught (then called Alnec'ma). He was
+the first and most powerful chief of the Fir-bolg ("bowmen") or Belgae
+from Britain who colonized the _southern_ parts of Ireland. Crothar
+carried off Conla'ma, daughter of Cathmin, a chief of the Cael or
+Caledonians, who had colonized the _northern_ parts of Ireland and
+held their court in Ulster. As Conlama was betrothed to Turloch,
+a Cael, he made an irruption into Connaught, slew Cormul, but was
+himself slain by Crothar, Cormul's brother. The feud now became
+general, "Blood poured on blood, and Erin's clouds were hung with
+ghosts." The Cael being reduced to the last extremity, Trathel (the
+grandfather of Fingal) sent Conar (son of Trenmor) to their relief.
+Conar, on his arrival in Ulster, was chosen king, and the Fir-bolg
+being subdued, he called himself "the King of Ireland."--Ossian,
+_Temora_, ii.
+
+_Crothar_, vassal king of Croma (in Ireland), held under Artho,
+over-lord of all Ireland. Crothar, being blind with age, was attacked
+by Rothmar, chief of Tromlo, who resolved to annex Croma to his own
+dominion. Crotha sent to Fingal for aid, and Fingal sent his son
+Ossian with an army; but before he could arrive Fovar-Gormo, a son of
+Crothar, attacked the invader, but was defeated and slain. When Ossian
+reached Ulster, he attacked the victorious Rothmar and both routed the
+army and slew the chief.--Ossian, _Croma_.
+
+CROTO'NA'S SAGE, Pythagoras, so called because his first and chief
+school of philosophy was established at Crotna (fl. B.C. 540.)
+
+CROWDE'RO, one of the rabble leaders encountered by Hudibras at a
+bear-baiting. The academy figure of this character was Jackson or
+Jephson, a milliner in the New Exchange, Strand, London. He lost a leg
+in the service of the roundheads, and was reduced to the necessity of
+earning a living by playing on the _crowd_ or _crouth_ from ale-house
+to ale-house.--S. Butler, _Hudibras_, i. 2 (1664).
+
+(The _crouth_ was a long box-shaped instrument, with six or more
+strings, supported by a bridge. It was played with a bow. The last
+noted performer on this instrument was John Morgan, a Welshman, who
+died 1720).
+
+CROWE _(Captain)_, the attendant of Sir Launcelot Greaves (1 _syl_.),
+in his peregrinations to reform society. Sir Launcelot is a modern Don
+Quixote, and Captain Crowe is his Sancho Panza.
+
+CROWFIELD _(Christopher)_, a pseudonym of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe
+(1814-).
+
+CROWN. Godfrey, when made the overlord of Jerusalem, or "Baron of the
+Holy Sepulchre," refused to wear a crown of gold where his Saviour had
+only worn a crown of thorns.
+
+Canute, after the rebuke he gave to his flatterers, refused to wear
+thenceforth any symbol of royalty at all.
+
+  Canute (truth worthy to be known)
+  From that time forth did for his brows disown
+  The ostentatious symbol of a crown,
+  Esteeming earthly royalty
+  Presumptuous and vain.
+
+CROWNED AFTER DEATH. Inez de Castro was exhumed six years after her
+assassination, and crowned queen of Portugal by her husband, Don
+Pedro. (See INEZ DE CASTRO.)
+
+CROWQUILL _(Alfred)_, Alfred Henry Forrester, author of _Leaves from
+my Memorandum-Book_ (1859), one of the artists of _Punch_ (1805-1872).
+
+CROYE _(Isabelle, countess of)_, a ward of Charles "the Bold," duke of
+Burgundy. She first appears at the turret window in Plessis les
+Tours, disguised as Jacqueline; and her marriage with Quentin Durward
+concludes the novel.
+
+_The Countess Hameline of Croye_, aunt to Countess Isabelle. First
+disguised as Dame Perotte (2 _syl_.) at Plessis les Tours; afterwards
+married to William de la Marck.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV).
+
+_Croye (Monseigneur de la_), an officer of Charles "the Bold," duke of
+Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CROYSA'DO _The Great_, General Lord Fairfax (1611-1671).--S. Butler,
+_Hudibras_.
+
+CRUDOR _(Sir)_, the knight who told Bria'na he would not marry her
+till she brought him enough hair, consisting of ladies' locks and the
+beards of knights to purfle his cloak with. In order to obtain this
+love-gift, the lady established a toll, by which every lady who passed
+her castle had to give the hair of her head, and every knight his
+beard, as "passing pay," or else fight for their lives. Sir Crudor
+being overthrown by Sir Calidore, Briana was compelled to abolish this
+toll.--Spencer, _Faery Queen_, v. 1. (1596).
+
+CRUEL _(The)_, Pedro, king of Castle (1334, 1350-1369).
+
+CRUIK'SHANKS _(Ebenezer)_, landlord of the Golden Candlestick inn. Sir
+W. Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+CRUM'MLES _(Mr. Vincent_), the eccentric but kind-hearted manager of
+the Portsmouth Theatre.
+
+  It was necessary that the writer should, like
+  Mr. Crummles, dramatist, construct his piece in
+  the interest of "the pump and washing-tubs."--
+  P. Fitzgerald.
+
+_Mrs. Crummles_, wife of Mr. Vincent Crummles, a stout, ponderous,
+tragedy-queen sort of a lady. She walks or rather stalks like Lady
+Macbeth, and always speaks theatrically. Like her husband, she is full
+of kindness, and always willing to help the needy.
+
+_Miss Ninetta Crummles_, daughter of the manager, and called in the
+play-bills "the infant phenomenon."--C Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_
+(1838).
+
+CRUNCHER (_Jerry_), an odd-job man in Tellson's bank. His wife was
+continually saying her prayers, which Jerry termed "flopping." He was
+a "resurrection man."--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859).
+
+CRUPP _(Mrs.)_, a typical humbug, who let chambers in Buckingham
+Street for young gentlemen. David Copperfield lodged with her.--C.
+Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+CRUSHED BY ORNAMENTS. Tarpeia, daughter of the governer of the Roman
+citadel on the Saturnian Hill, was tempted by the gold on the Sabine
+bracelets and collars to open a gate of the fortress to the besiegers
+on condition that they would give her the ornaments which they wore on
+their arms. Tarpeia opened the gate, and the Sabines as they passed
+threw on her their shields, saying, "These are the ornaments worn by
+the Sabines on their arms," and the maid was crushed to death. G.
+Gilfillan, alluding to Longfellow, has this erroneous allusion:
+
+  His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine
+  _[sic]_ maid, have not crushed him.--_Introductory
+  Essay to Longfellow_.
+
+CRUSOE _(Robinson)_, the hero and title of a novel by Daniel Defoe.
+Robinson Crusoe is a shipwrecked sailor, who leads a solitary life
+for many years on a desert island, and relieves the tedium of life by
+ingenious contrivances (1719).
+
+(The story is based on the adventures of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch
+sailor, who in 1704 was left by Captain Stradding on the uninhabited
+island of Juan Fernandez. Here he remained for four years and four
+months, when he was rescued by Captain Woods Rogers and brought to
+England.)
+
+  Was there ever anything written by mere
+  man that the reader wished longer except _Robinson
+  Crusoe, Don Quixote_ and _The Pilgrim's Progress!_--Dr.
+  Johnson.
+
+CRUTH-LODA, the war-god of the ancient Gaels.
+
+  On thy top, U-thormo, dwells the misty Loda:
+  the house of the spirits of men. In the end of
+  his cloudy hall bends forward Cruth-Loda of
+  swords. His form is dimly seen amid the wavy
+  mists, his right hand is on his shield.--Ossian,
+  _Cath-Loda._
+
+CUCKOLD KING _(The)_, Sir Mark of Cornwell, whose wife Ysolde [_E.
+seld_] intrigued with Sir Tristram (his nephew), one of the knights of
+the Round Table.
+
+CUD'DIE or CUTHBERT HEADRIGG, a ploughman, in the service of Lady
+Bellenden of the Tower of Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_
+(time, Charles II.).
+
+CUDDY, a herdsman, in Spenser's _Shephearde's Calendar._
+
+_Cuddy_, a shepherd, who boasts that the charms of his Buxo'ma far
+exceed those of Blouzelinda. Lobbin, who is Blouzelinda's swain,
+repels the boast, and the two shepherds agree to sing the praises of
+their respective shepherdesses, and to make Clod'dipole arbiter of
+their contention. Cloddipole listens to their alternate verses,
+pronounces that "both merit an oaken staff," but, says he, "the herds
+are weary of the songs, and so am I."--Gay, _Pastoral_, i. (1714).
+
+(This eclogue is in imitation of Virgil's _Ecl_. iii.)
+
+CULDEES _(i.e. sequestered persons_), the primitive clergy
+of presbyterian character, established in Io'na or Icolmkill
+_[I-columb-kill]_ by St. Columb and twelve of his followers in 563.
+They also founded similar church establishments at Abernethy, Dunkeld,
+Kirkcaldy _[Kirk-Culdee]_, etc., and at Lindesfarne, in England. Some
+say as many as 300 churches were founded by them. Augustine, a bishop
+of Waterford, began against them in 1176 a war of extermination, when
+those who could escape sought refuge in Iona, the original cradle of
+the sect, and were not driven thence till 1203.
+
+  Peace to their shades! the pure Culdees
+  Were Albyn's _[Scotland's]_ earliest priests of God,
+  Ere yet an island of her seas
+  By foot of Saxon monk was trod.
+
+  Campbell, _Reullura_.
+
+CULLOCH _(Sawney)_ a pedlar.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+CULPRIT FAY, a sprite condemned for loving a mortal maiden to catch
+the spray-gem from the sturgeon's "silver bow," and light his torch
+with a falling star.--Joseph Rodman Drake, _The Culprit Fay_ (1847).
+
+CUMBERLAND (_John of_). "The devil and John of Cumberland" is a
+blunder for "The devil and John-a-Cumber." John-a-Cumber was a famous
+Scotch magician.
+
+  He poste to Scotland for brave John-a-Cumber,
+  The only man renowned for magick skill.
+  Oft have I heard he once beguylde the devill.
+  A. Munday, _John-a-Kent and John-a-Cumber_
+  (1595).
+
+_Cumberland (William Augustus, duke of_), commander-in-chief of
+the army of George II., whose son he was. The duke was especially
+celebrated for his victory of Cullo'den (1746); but he was called "The
+Butcher" from the great severity with which he stamped out the clan
+system of the Scottish Highlanders. He was wounded in the leg at
+the battle of Dettingen (1743). Sir W. Scott has introduced him in
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+  Proud Cumberland prances, insulting the slain,
+  And their hoof-beaten bosoms are trod to the plan.
+  Campbell, _Lochiel's Warning_.
+
+CUMBERLAND POET (_The_), William
+
+Wordsworth, born at Cockermouth (1770-1850).
+
+CUMNOR HALL, a ballad by Mickel, the lament of Amy Robsart, who had
+been won and thrown away by the Earl of Leicester. She says if roses
+and lilies grow in courts, why did he pluck the primrose of the field,
+which some country swain might have won and valued! Thus sore and sad
+the lady grieved in Cumnor Hall, and ere dawn the death bell rang, and
+never more was that countess seen.
+
+[Illustration] Sir W. Scott took this for the groundwork of his
+_Kenihvorth_, which he called _Cumnor Hall_, but Constable, his
+publisher, induced him to change the name.
+
+CUNEGONDE _[Ku'.na.gond]_, the mistress of Candide (2 _syl_.). in
+Voltaire's novel called _Candide_. Sterne spells it "Cunegund."
+
+CUN'NINGHAM _(Archie)_, one of the archers of the Scotch guards at
+Plessis les Tours, in the pay of Louis XI.--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin
+Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+CU'NO, the ranger, father of Agatha.--Weber, _Der Freischuetz_ (1822).
+
+CUNO'BELINE, a king of the Silures, son of Tasciov'anus and father of
+Caractacus. Coins still exist bearing the name of "Cunobeline," and
+the word "Camalodunum" _[Colchester]_, the capital of his kingdom. The
+Roman general between A.D. 43 and 47 was Aulus Plautius, but in 47
+Ostorius Scapula took Caractacus prisoner.
+
+Some think Cunobeline is Shakespeare's "Cymbeline," who reigned from
+B.C. 8 to A.D. 27; but Cymbeline's father was Tenantius or Tenuantius,
+his sons Guide'rius Arvir'agus, and the Roman general was Caius
+Lucius.
+
+  ... the courageous sons of our Cunobelin
+  Sank under Plautius' sword.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+CUNSTANCE or CONSTANCE (See CUSTANCE).
+
+CUPID AND PSYCHE [_Si.ky_] an episode in _The Golden Ass_ of Apuleius.
+The allegory represents Cupid in love with Psyche. He visited her
+every evening, and left at sunrise, but strictly enjoined her not
+to attempt to discover who he was. One night curiosity overcame her
+prudence, and going to look upon her lover a drop of hot oil fell on
+his shoulder, awoke him, and he fled. Psyche now wandered in search
+of the lost one, but was persecuted by Venus with relentless cruelty.
+Having suffered almost to the death, Cupid at length married her, and
+she became immortal. Mrs. Tighe has a poem on the subject. Wm. Morris
+has poetized the same in his _Earthly Paradise_ ("May"); Lafontaine
+has a poem called _Psyche_, in imitation of the episode of Apuleius;
+and Moliere has dramatized the subject.
+
+CU'PIDON (_Jean_). Count d'Orsay was so called by Lord Byron
+(1798-1852). The count's father was styled _Le Beau d' Orsay._
+
+CUR'AN, a courtier in Shakespeare's tragedy of _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+CURE DE MEUDON, Rabelais, who was first a monk, then a leech, then
+prebendary of St. Maur, and lastly cure of Meudon (1483-1553).
+
+CU'RIO, a gentleman attending on the Duke of Illyria.--Shakespeare,
+_Twelfth Night_ (1614).
+
+_Curio_. So Akenside calls Mr. Pulteney, and styles him "the betrayer
+of his country," alluding to the great statesman's change of politics.
+Curio was a young Roman senator, at one time the avowed enemy of
+Caesar, but subsequently of Caesar's party, and one of the victims of
+the civil war.
+
+  Is this the man in freedom's cause approved.
+  The man so great, so honored, so beloved ...
+  This Curio, hated now and scorned by all,
+  Who fell himself to work his country's fall?
+  Akenside, _Epistle to Curio_.
+
+CURIOUS IMPERTINENT (_The_), a tale introduced by Cervantes in his
+_Don Quixote_. The "impertinent" is an Italian gentleman who is silly
+enough to make trial of his wife's fidelity by persuading a friend to
+storm it if he can. Of course his friend "takes the fort," and the
+fool is left to bewail his own folly.--Pt. I. iv. 5 (1605).
+
+CURRER BELL, the _nom de plume_ of Charlotte Bronte, author of _Jane
+Eyre_ [_Air_] (1816-1855).
+
+CURTA'NA, the sword of Edward the Con'fessor, which had no point, and
+was therefore the emblem of mercy. Till the reign of Henry III., the
+royal sword of England was so called.
+
+  But when Curtana will not do the deed,
+  You lay the pointless clergy-weapon by,
+  And to the laws, your sword of justice, fly.
+  Dryden, _The Hind and the Panther_, ii. (1687).
+
+CURTA'NA or COURTAIN, the sword of Ogier the Dane.
+
+  He [_Ogier_] drew Courtain his sword out of its
+  sheath.
+  W. Morris, _Earthly Paradise_, (634).
+
+CURT-HOSE (2 _syl_.). Robert II. duc de Normandie (1087-1134).
+
+CURT-MANTLE, Henry II. of England
+
+(1133, 1154-1189). So called because he wore the Anjou mantle, which
+was shorter than the robe worn by his predecessors.
+
+CURTIS, one of Petruchio's servants.--Shakespeare, _Taming of the
+Shrew_ (1594).
+
+PARSON CUSHING, pastor of the Orthodox Church in Poganuc. In fits of
+learned abstraction, he fed the dog surreptitiously under the table,
+thereby encouraging his boys to trust his heart rather than his
+tongue. He justifies the expulsion of the Indian tribes by Scripture
+texts, and gathers eggs in the hay-mow with Dolly; upholds the
+doctrines of his denomination and would seal his faith with his blood,
+but admits that "the Thirty-nine articles (with some few exceptions)
+are a very excellent statement of truth." He is Catholic without
+suspecting it.--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_, (1878).
+
+CUSTANCE, daughter of the Emperor of Rome, affianced to the Sultan of
+Syria, who abjured his faith and consented to be baptized in order
+to marry her. His mother hated this apostasy, and at the wedding
+breakfast slew all the apostates except the bride. Her she embarked
+in a ship, which was set adrift and in due time reached the British
+shores, where Custance was rescued by the Lord-constable of
+Northumberland, who took her home, and placed her under the care of
+his wife Hermegild. Custance converted both the constable and his
+wife. A young knight wished to marry her, but she declined his suit,
+whereupon he murdered Hermegild, and then laid the bloody knife beside
+Custance, to make her suspected of the crime. King Alia examined the
+case, and soon discovered the real facts, whereupon the knight was
+executed, and the king married Custance.
+
+The queen-mother highly disapproved of the match, and during the
+absence of her son in Scotland embarked Custance and her infant boy in
+a ship, which was turned adrift. After floating about for five years,
+it was taken in tow by a Roman fleet on its return from Syria, and
+Custance with her son Maurice became the guests of a Eoman Senator. It
+so happened that Alla at this same time was at Rome on a pilgrimage,
+and encountered his wife, who returned with him to Northumberland
+and lived in peace and happiness the rest of her life.--Chaucer,
+_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).
+
+_Custance_, a gay and rich widow, whom Ralph Roister Doister wishes
+to marry, but he is wholly baffled in his scheme.--Nicholas TJdall,
+_Ralph Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534).
+
+CUTE _(Alderman)_, a "practical philosopher," resolved to put down
+everything. In his opinion "everything must be put down." Starvation
+must be put down, and so must suicide, sick mothers, babies, and
+poverty.--C. Dickens, _The Chimes_ (1844).
+
+CUTHAL, same as Uthal, one of the Orkneys.
+
+CUTHBERT _(St.)_, a Scotch monk of the sixth century.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, the Rev. Edw. Bradley, author of _Verdant Green_
+(1857.)
+
+CUTHO'NA, daughter of Rumar, was betrothed to Conlath, youngest son of
+Morni, of Mora. Not long before the espousals were to be celebrated,
+Toscar came from Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by Morni. On
+the fourth day, he saw Cuthona out hunting, and carried her off by
+force. Being pursued by Conlath, a fight ensued, in which both the
+young men fell, and Cuthona, after languishing for three days, died
+also.--Ossian, _Conlath and Cuthona_.
+
+CUTHULLIN, son of Semo, commander of the Irish army, and regent during
+the minority of Cormac. His wife was Brag'elo, daughter of Sorglan. In
+the poem called _Fingal_, Cuthullin was defeated by Swaran, king of
+Lochlin _[Scandinavia]_, and being ashamed to meet Fingal, retired
+from the field gloomy and sad. Fingal having utterly defeated Swaran,
+invited Cuthullin to the banquet, and partially restored his depressed
+spirits. In the third year of Cormac's reign, Torlah, son of Can'tela,
+rebelled. Cuthullin gained a complete victory over him at the lake
+Lego, but was mortally wounded in the pursuit by a random arrow.
+Cuthullin was succeeded by Nathos, but the young king was soon
+dethroned by the rebel Cairbre, and murdered.--Ossian, _Fingal_ and
+_The Death of Cuthullin_.
+
+CUTLER _(Sir John)_, a royalist, who died 1699, reduced to the utmost
+poverty.
+
+Cutler saw tenants break, and houses fall. For very want he could not
+build a wall. His only daughter in a stranger's power, for very want
+he could not pay a dower. A few gray hairs his reverend temples
+crowned, 'Twas very want that sold them for two pound....
+
+Cutler and Brutus, dying, both exclaim, "Virtue and wealth, what are
+ye but a name?" Pope, _Moral Essays_, iii. (1709).
+
+CUTPURSE (_Moil_), Mary Frith, the heroine of Middleton's comedy
+called _The Roaring Girl_ (1611). She was a woman of masculine vigor,
+who not unfrequently assumed man's attire. This notorious cut-purse
+once attacked General Fairfax on Hounslow Heath, but was arrested and
+sent to Newgate; she escaped, however, by bribing the turnkey, and
+died of dropsy at the age of 75. Nathaniel Field introduces her in his
+drama called _Amends for Ladies_ (1618).
+
+CUTSHAMAQUIN, an Indian Sachem, whose disobedient and rebellious son
+was "dealt with" publicly by John Eliot. At the second summons and
+serious admonition, the lad repented and confessed humbly, "and
+entreated his father to forgive him, and took him by the hand, at
+which his father burst forth into great weeping."--John Eliot, _The
+Clear Sunshine of the Gospel Breaking Forth Upon the Indians_ (1648).
+
+CUTTLE (_Captain Edward_), a great friend of Solomon Gills, ship's
+instrument maker. Captain Cuttle had been a skipper, had a hook
+instead of a right hand, and always wore a very hard, glazed hat. He
+was in the habit of quoting, and desiring those to whom he spoke "to
+overhaul the catechism till they found it;" but, he added, "when
+found, make a note on." The kind-hearted seaman was very fond of
+Florence Dombey, and of Walter Gay, whom he called "Wal'r." When
+Florence left her father's roof, Captain Cuttle sheltered her at the
+Wooden Midshipman. One of his favorite sentiments was "May we never
+want a friend, or a bottle to give him."--C. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_
+(1846).
+
+("When found, make a note of," is the motto of _Notes and Queries_.)
+
+CYC'LADES (3 _syl_.), some twenty islands, so called from the classic
+legend that they _circled round_ Delos when that island was rendered
+stationary by the birth of Diana and Apollo.
+
+CYCLIC POETS, a series of epic poets, who wrote continuations or
+additions to Homer's _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_; they were called "Cyclic"
+because they confined themselves to the _cycle_ of the Trojan war.
+
+AG'IAS wrote an epic on "the return of the Greeks from Troy" (B.C.
+740).
+
+ARCTI'NOS wrote a continuation of the _Iliad_, describing the taking
+of Troy by the "Wooden Horse," and its conflagration. Virgil has
+copied from this poet (B.C. 776).
+
+EU'GAMON wrote a continuation of the _Odyssey_. It contains the
+adventures of Telegonos in search of his father Ulysses. When he
+reached Ith'aca, Ulysses and Telemachos went against him, and
+Telegonos killed Ulysses with a spear which his mother Circe had given
+him (B.C. 568).
+
+LES'CHES, author of the _Little Iliad_, in four books, containing the
+fate of Ajax, the exploits of Philoctetes, Neoptol'emos, and Ulysses,
+and the final capture of Troy (B.C. 708).
+
+STASI'NOS, "son-in-law" of Homer. He wrote an introduction to the
+_Iliad_.
+
+CYCLOPS. Their names are Brontes, Steropes, and Arges. (See SINDBAD,
+voy. 3).
+
+_Cyclops (The Holy)_. So Dryden in the _Masque of Albion and
+Albanius_, calls Richard Rumbold, an Englishman, the chief conspirator
+in the "Ryehouse Plot." He had lost one eye, and was executed.
+
+CYDIP'PE (3 _syl_), a lady courted by Acontius of Cea, but being
+unable to obtain her, he wrote on an apple, "I swear by Diana that
+Acontius shall be my husband." This apple was presented to the
+maiden, and being persuaded that she had written the words, though
+inadvertently, she consented to marry Acontius for "the oath's sake."
+
+  Cydippe by a letter was betrayed,
+  Writ on an apple to th' unwary maid
+  Ovid, _Art of Love_, 1.
+
+CYL'LAROS, the horse of Pollux according to Virgil (_Georg_. iii.
+90), but of Castor according to Ovid _(Metam._ xii. 408). It was
+coal-black, with white legs and tail.
+
+CYLLE'NIUS, Mercury; so called from Mount Cylene, in Arcadia, where he
+was born.
+
+CYM'BELINE (3 _syl_.), mythical king of Britain for thirty-five years.
+He began to reign in the nineteenth year of Augustus Caesar. His father
+was Tenantius, who refused to pay the tribute to the Romans exacted of
+Cassibelan after his defeat by Julius Caesar. Cymbeline married
+twice. By his first wife he had a daughter named Imogen, who married
+Posthumus Leonatus. His second wife had a son named Cloten by a former
+husband.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_ (1605).
+
+CYMOCHLES _[Si. mok'.leez]_, brother of Pyroch'les, son of Aerates,
+husband of Acras'ia the enchantress. He sets out against Sir Guyon,
+but being ferried over Idle Lake, abandons himself to self-indulgence,
+and is slain by King Arthur (canto 8).--Spencer, _Faery Queen_, ii. 5,
+etc. (1590).
+
+CYMOD'OCE (4 _syl_.). The mother of Mar'inel is so called in bk.
+iv. 12 of the _Faery Queen_, but in bk. iii. 4 she is spoken of as
+Cymo'ent "daughter of Nereus" (2_syl_.) by an earth-born father, "the
+famous Dumarin."
+
+CYMOENT. (See CYMODOCE.)
+
+CYM'RY, the Welsh.
+
+The Welsh always called themselves "Cym-ry", the literal meaning of
+which is "aborigines." ... It is the same word as "Cimbri." ... They
+call their language "Cymraeg," _i.e_, "the primitive tongue."--E.
+Williams.
+
+CYNGAEI'ROS, brother of the poet AEschylos. When the Persians, after the
+battle of Marathon, were pushing off from shore, Cyngaeiros seized one
+of their ships with his right hand, which being lopped off, he grasped
+it with his left hand; this being cut off, he seized it with his
+teeth, and lost his life.
+
+ADMIEAL BENBOW, in an engagement with the French, near St. Martha, in
+1701, had his legs and thighs shivered into splinters by chain-shot;
+but (supported on a wooden frame) he remained on deck till Du Casse
+sheered off.
+
+ALMEYDA, the Portuguese Governor of India, had his legs and thighs
+shattered in a similar way, and caused himself to be bound to the
+ship's mast, that he might wave his sword to cheer on the combatants.
+
+JAAFER, at the battle of Muta, carried the sacred banner of the
+prophet. One hand being lopped off, he held it with the other; this
+also being cut off, he held it with his two stumps, and when at last
+his head was cut off, he contrived to fall dead on the banner, which
+was thus detained till Abdallah had time to rescue it and hand it to
+Khaled.
+
+CYNE'THA(3 _syl._), eldest son of Cadwallon (king of North Wales). He
+was an orphan, brought up by his uncle Owen. During his minority, Owen
+and Cynetha loved each other dearly; but when the orphan came of age
+and claimed his inheritance, his uncle burnt his eyes out by exposing
+them to plates of hot brass. Cynetha and his son Cadwallon accompanied
+Madoc to North America, where the blind old man died while Madoc was
+in Wales preparing for his second voyage.--Southey, _Madoc_, i. 3
+(1805).
+
+  Cadwallonis erat primaevus jure Cynetha:
+  Proh pudor! hunc oculis patruus privavit Oenus.
+  _The Pentarchia_.
+
+CYNIC TUB (_The_), Diog'enes, the Cynic philosopher lived in a tub,
+and it is to this fact that illusion is made in the line:
+
+  [_They_] fetch their doctrines from the Cynic tub.
+  Milton, _Comus_, 708 (1634).
+
+CY'NOSURE (3 _syl_.), the pole-star. The word means "the dog's tail,"
+and is used to signify a guiding genius, or the observed of all
+observers. Cynosu'ra was an Idaean nymph, one of the nurses of Zeus (1
+_syl_.).
+
+CYN'THIA, the moon or Diana, who was born on Mount Cynthus, in Delos.
+Apollo is called "Cynthius."
+
+  ... watching, in the night,
+  Beneath pale Cynthia's melancholy light.
+  Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 2 (1756).
+
+_Cyn'thia._ So Spenser, in _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_, calls
+Queen Elizabeth, "whose angel's eye" was his life's sole bliss, his
+heart's eternal treasure. Ph. Fletcher, in _The Purple Island_, iii.,
+also calls Queen Elizabeth "Cynthia."
+
+  Her words were like a stream of honey fleeting..
+  Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes...
+  Her looks were like beams of the morning sun
+  Forth looking thro' the windows of the east...
+  Her thoughts were like the fumes of frankincense
+  Which from a golden censer forth doth rise.
+  Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
+
+_Cyn'thia_, daughter of Sir Paul Pliant, and daughter-in-law of Lady
+Pliant. She is in love with Melle'font (2 _syl_.). Sir Paul calls her
+"Thy"--W. Congreve, _The Double Dealer_ (1694).
+
+CYN'THIA WARE. Auburn-haired girl living upon Lost Creek in Tennessee,
+in love with Evander Price, a young blacksmith. When he is sent to the
+penitentiary upon a false accusation, she labors unceasingly for a
+year to obtain his pardon. A year after it is granted, she learns that
+he is doing well in another State and has forgotten her. In time, he
+returns, married and prosperous, and calls upon his old friends upon
+Lost Creek.
+
+  "His recollections were all vague, although at
+  some reminiscence of hers he laughed jovially,
+  and ''lowed that in them days, Cinthy, you
+  an' me had a right smart notion of keepin' company
+  tergether.' He did not notice how pale
+  she was, and that there was often a slight spasmodic
+  contraction of her features. She was
+  busy with her spinning-wheel, as she placidly
+  replied: 'Yes,--'though I always 'lowed ez I
+  counted on livin' single.'"--Charles Egbert Craddock,
+  _In the Tennessee Mountains_ (1885).
+
+CYP'RIAN _(A)_, a woman of loose morals; so called from the island
+Cyprus, a chief seat of the worship of Venus or Cyp'ria.
+
+_Cyp'rian (Brother)_, a Dominican monk at the monastery of
+Holyrood.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+CYRENA'IC SHELL _(The)_, the lyre or strain of Callini'achos, a Greek
+poet of Alexandria, in Egypt. Six of his hymns in hexameter verse are
+still extant.
+
+  For you the Cyrenaic shell
+  Behold I touch revering.
+
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CYR'IC _(St.)_, the saint to whom sailors address themselves. The St.
+Elmo of the Welsh.
+
+  The weary mariners
+  Called on St. Cyric's aid.
+  Southey, _Madoc_, i. 4 (1805).
+
+CYRUS AND TOM'YRIS. Cyrus, after subduing the eastern parts of Asia,
+was defeated by Tomyris queen of the Massage'tae, in Scythia. Tomyris
+cut off his head, and threw it into a vessel filled with human blood,
+saying, as she did so, "There, drink thy fill." Dante refers to this
+incident in his _Purgatory_, xii.
+
+  Consyder Syrus ...
+  He whose huge power no man might overthrowe,
+  Tom'yris Queen with great despite hath slowe,
+  His head dismembered from his mangled corps
+  Herself she cast into a vessel fraught
+  With clotted bloud of them that felt her force.
+  And with these words a just reward she taught--
+  "Drynke now thy fyll of thy desired draught."
+  T. Sackville, _A Mirrour for Magistraytes_
+  ("The Complaynt," 1587).
+
+CYTHERE'A, Venus; so called from Cythe'ra (now _Cerigo_), a
+mountainous island of Laco'nia, noted for the worship of Aphrodite
+(or Venus). The tale is that Venus and Mars, having formed an illicit
+affection for each other, were caught in a delicate net made by
+Vulcan, and exposed to the ridicule of the court of Olympus.
+
+  He the fate [_May sing_]
+  Of naked Mars with Cytherea chained.
+  Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_.
+
+CYZE'NIS, the infamous daughter of Diomed, who killed every one
+that fell into her clutches, and compelled fathers to eat their own
+children.
+
+CZAR (_Casar_), a title first assumed in Russia by Ivan III., who,
+in 1472, married a princess of the imperial Byzantine line. He also
+introduced the double-headed black eagle of Byzantium as the national
+symbol. The official style of the Russian autocrat is _Samoderjetz_.
+D'ACUNHA (_Teresa_), waiting-woman to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+DAFFODIL. When Perseph'one, the daughter of Deme'ter, was a little
+maiden, she wandered about the meadows of Enna in Sicily, to gather
+_white_ daffodils to wreathe into her hair, and being tired she fell
+asleep. Pluto, the god of the infernal regions, carried her off to
+become his wife, and his touch turned the white flowers to a golden
+yellow. Some remained in her tresses till she reached the meadows of
+Acheron, and falling off there grew into the asphodel, with which the
+meadows thenceforth abounded.
+
+  She stepped upon Sicilian grass,
+  Demeter's daughter, fresh and fair,
+  A child of light, a radiant lass,
+  And gamesome as the morning air.
+  The daffodils were fair to see,
+  They nodded lightly on the lea;
+  Persephone! Persephone!
+
+  Jean Ingelow, _Persephone_.
+
+DAGON, sixth in order of the hierarchy of hell: (1) Satan, (2)
+Beelzebub, (3) Moloch, (4) Chemos, (5) Thammuz, (6) Dagon. Dagon was
+half man and half fish. He was worshipped in Ashdod, Gath, Ascalon,
+Ekron, and Gaza (the five chief cities of the Philistines). When the
+"ark" was placed in his temple, Dagon fell, and the palms of his hands
+were broken off.
+
+  Next came ...
+  Dagon ... sea-monster, upward man
+  And downward fish.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 457, etc. (1665).
+
+DAG'ONET (_Sir_), King Arthur's fool. One day Sir Dagonet, with two
+squires, came to Cornwall, and as they drew near a well Sir Tristram
+soused them all three in, and dripping wet made them mount their
+horses and ride off, amid the jeers of the spectators (pt. ii. 60).
+
+  King Arthur loved Sir Dagonet passing well,
+  and made him knight; with his own hands; and
+  at every tournament he made King Arthur
+  laugh.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_.
+  ii. 97 (1470).
+
+Justice Shallow brags that he once personated Sir Dagonet, while he
+was a student at Clement's Inn.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_. act ii.
+sc. 2 (1598).
+
+[Illustration] Tennyson deviates in this, as he does in so many other
+instances, from the old romance. The _History_ says that King Arthur
+made Dagonet knight "with his own hands," because he "loved him
+passing well;" but Tennyson says that Sir Gawain made him "a
+mock-knight of the Round Table."--_The Last Tournament_, 1.
+
+DAISY MILLER. Mrs. Miller, _nouvelle riche_ and in true American
+subjection to her children, is travelling abroad. Her only daughter is
+pretty, unconventional, and so bent upon having "a good time" that she
+falls under the most degrading suspicions. The climax of flirtation
+and escapade is a midnight expedition to the Colosseum, where she
+contracts Roman fever and dies.--Henry James, Jr., _Daisy Miller_
+(1878).
+
+DAL'DAH, Mahomet's favorite white mule.
+
+DALES (_The_), a family in Ashurst, where is laid the scene of _John
+Ward, Preacher_: By Margaret Deland. The wife is prim and dictatorial,
+a pattern housewife, with decided views upon all subjects, including
+religion and matrimony. The husband wears a cashmere dressing-gown,
+and spreads a red handkerchief over his white hair to protect his
+white head from draughts; reads "A Sentimental Journey;" looks at his
+wife before expressing an opinion, and makes an excellent fourth at
+whist (1888).
+
+DALGA, a Lombard harlot, who tries to seduce young Goltho, but Goltho
+is saved by his friend Ulfinore.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died
+1668).
+
+DALGARNO (_Lord Malcolm of_), a profligate young nobleman, son of
+the earl of Huntinglen (an old Scotch noble family). Nigel strikes
+Dalgarno with his sword, and is obliged to seek refuge in "Alsatia."
+Lord Dalgarno's villainy to the Lady Hermione excites the displeasure
+of King James, and he would have been banished if he had not married
+her. After this, Lord Dalgarno carries off the wife of John Christie,
+the ship-owner, and is shot by Captain Colepepper, the Alsatian
+bully.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+DALGETTY (_Dugald_,) of Drumthwacket, the union of the soldado with
+the pedantic student of Mareschal College. As a soldier of fortune,
+he is retained in the service of the Earl of Monteith. The Marquis of
+Argyll (leader of the parliamentary army) tried to tamper with him
+in prison, but Dugald siezed him, threw him down, and then made his
+escape, locking the marquis in the dungeon. After the battle, Captain
+Dalgetty was knighted. This "Ritt-master" is a pedant, very conceited,
+full of vulgar assurance, with a good stock of worldly knowledge,
+a student of divinity, and a soldier who lets his sword out to the
+highest bidder. The character is original and well drawn.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+The original of this character was Munro, who wrote an account of the
+campaigns of that band of Scotch and English auxiliaries in the island
+of Swinemuende, in 1630. Munro was himself one of the band. Dugald
+Dalgetty is one of the best of Scott's characters.
+
+DALTON (_Mrs._), housekeeper to the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
+Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Dalton (Beginald)_, the hero of a novel so called, by J. C. Lockhart
+(1832).
+
+DALZELL (_General Thomas_), in the royal army of Charles II.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Old Mortality_ (1816).
+
+DAME DU LAC, Vivienne le Fay. The lake was "en la marche de la petite
+Bretaigne;" "en ce lieu ... avoit la dame moult de belles maisons et
+moult riches."
+
+_Dame du Lac_, Sebille (2 _syl_.). Her castle was surrounded by a
+river on which rested so thick a fog that no eye could see across it.
+Alexander the Great abode a fortnight with this fay, to be cured of
+his wounds, and King Arthur was the result of their amour. (This is
+not in accordance with the general legends of this noted hero. See
+ARTHUR.)--_Perceforest_, i. 42.
+
+DAM'IAN, a squire attending on the Grand-Master of the Knights
+Templars.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DAMIOT'TI (_Dr. Baptisti_), a Paduan quack, who exhibits "the
+enchanted mirror" to Lady Forester and Lady Bothwell. They see therein
+the clandestine marriage and infidelity of Sir Philip Forester.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's Mirror_ (time, William III.). DAMIS
+_[Dah.me]_, son of Orgon and Elmire (2 _syl_.), impetuous and
+self-willed.--Moliere, _Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+DAMN WITH FAINT PRAISE.
+
+  Damn with faint praise, assent with evil leer,
+  And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer.
+  Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_, 201 (1734).
+
+DAMNO'NII, the people of Damnonium, that is, Cornwall, Devon,
+Dorsetshire, and part of Somersetshire. This region, says Richard of
+Cirencester (_Hist._ vi. 18), was much frequented by the Phoenician,
+Greek, and Gallic merchants, for the metals with which it abounded,
+and particularly for its tin.
+
+  Wherein our Devonshire now and fartherest Cornwal are,
+  The old Danmonii [_sic_] dwelt.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DAMARIS WAINRIGHT. A woman richly endowed by Nature and fortune, whose
+mother and brother have died insane. She comes to maidenly maturity
+under the impression which strengthens into belief that madness is her
+heritage. After long struggles she accepts the hand of one who has
+striven steadily to combat what he considers a morbid conviction, and
+makes ready for her marriage. When dressed for the ceremony she sits
+down to await her bridegroom, and the image of herself in a tarnished
+mirror suggests a train of melancholy musing that result in dementia.
+
+  "With a mad impulse to flee she sprang to her
+  feet just as Lincoln knocked.... For an instant
+  her failing reason struggled to consciousness
+  as a drowning swimmer writhes a last time
+  to the surface, and gasps a breath only to give it
+  up in futile bubbles that mark the spot where he
+  sank. With a supreme effort her vanquished
+  will for a moment re-asserted itself. She knew
+  her lover was at the door, and she knew also
+  that the feet of doom had been swifter than those
+  of the bridegroom.... She sprang forward
+  and threw open the door."
+
+  "'I am mad!' she shrieked, in a voice which
+  pierced to every corner of the old mansion."
+
+Arlo Bates, _The Wheel of Fire_, (1885).
+
+DAM'OCLES (3 _syl_.), a sycophant, in the court of Dionys'ius _the
+Elder_, of Syracuse. After extolling the felicity of princes,
+Dionysius told him he would give him experimental proof thereof.
+Accordingly he had the courtier arrayed in royal robes and seated at
+a sumptuous banquet, but overhead was a sword suspended by a single
+horsehair, and Damocles was afraid to stir, lest the hair should break
+and the sword fall on him. Dionysius thus intimated that the lives of
+kings are threatened every hour of the day.--Cicero.
+
+  Let us who have not our names in the Red
+  Book console ourselves by thinking comfortably
+  how miserable our betters may be, and that
+  Damocles, who sits on satin cushions, and is
+  served on gold plate, has an awful sword hanging
+  over his head, in the shape of a bailiff, or
+  hereditary disease, or family secret.--Thackeray,
+  _Vanity Fair_, xlvii. (1848).
+
+DAMOE'TAS, a herdsman. Theocritos and Virgil use the name in their
+pastorals.
+
+  And old Damoetas loved to hear our song.
+  Milton, _Lycidas_ (1638).
+
+DA'MON, a goat-herd in Virgil's third _Eclogue_. Walsh introduces the
+same name in his _Eclogues_ also. Any rustic, swain, or herdsman.
+
+DAMON AND DELIA. Damon asks Delia why she looks so coldly on him. She
+replies because of his attention to Belvidera. He says he paid these
+attentions at her own request, "to hide the secret of their mutual
+love." Delia confesses that his prudence is commendable, but his
+acting is too earnest. To this he rejoins that she alone holds his
+heart; and Delia replies:
+
+  Tho' well I might your truth mistrust,
+  My foolish heart believes you just;
+  Reason this faith may disapprove,
+  But I believe, because I love.
+
+Lord Lyttleton.
+
+DAMON AND MUSIDO'RA, two lovers who misunderstood each other. Musidora
+was coy, and Damon thought her shyness indicated indifference; but one
+day he saw her bathing, and his delicacy so charmed the maiden that
+she at once accepted his proffered love.--Thomson, _The Seasons_
+("Summer," 1727).
+
+DA'MON AND PYTH'IAS. Damon, a senator of Syracuse, was by nature
+hot-mettled, but was schooled by Pythagore'an philosophy into a Stoic
+coldness and slowness of speech. He was a fast friend of the republic,
+and when Dionysius was made "King" by a vote of the senate, Damon
+upbraided the betrayers of his country, and pronounced Dionysius a
+"tryant." For this he was seized, and as he tried to stab Dionysius,
+he was condemned to instant death. Damon now craved respite for four
+hours to bid farewell to his wife and child, but the request was
+denied him. On his way to execution, his friend Pythias encountered
+him, and obtained permission of Dionysius to become his surety, and to
+die in his stead, if within four hours Damon did not return. Dionysius
+not only accepted the bail, but extended the leave to six hours. When
+Damon reached his country villa, Lucullus killed his horse to prevent
+his return; but Damon, seizing the horse of a chance traveler, reached
+Syracuse just as the executioner was preparing to put Pythias to
+death. Dionysius so admired this proof of friendship, that he forgave
+Damon, and requested to be taken into his friendship.
+
+This subject was dramatized in 1571 by Richard Edwards, and again in
+1825 by John Banim.
+
+(The classic name of _Pythias_ is "Phintias.")
+
+DAMSEL OR DAMOISEAU (in Italian, _donzel_; in Latin, _domisellus_);
+one of the gallant youths domiciled in the _maison du roi._ These
+youths were always sons of the greater vassals. Louis VII. _(le
+Jeune_) was called "The Royal Damsel;" and at one time the royal
+body-guard was called "The King's Damsells."
+
+DAMSEL OF BRITTANY, Eleanor, daughter of Godffrey (second son of Henry
+II. of England). After the death of Arthur, his sister Eleanor was
+next in succession to the crown, but John, who had caused Arthur's
+death, confined Eleanor in Bristol Castle, where she remained till her
+death, in 1241.
+
+D'AMVILLE (2 _syl_), "the atheist," with the assistance of Borachio,
+murdered Montferrers, his brother, for his estates.--Cyril Tourneur,
+_The Atheists Tragedy_ (seventeenth century).
+
+DAM'YAN (2 _syl_.), the lover of May (the youthful bride of January, a
+Lombard knight, 60 years of age).--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The
+Merchant's Tale," 1388).
+
+DAN OF THE HOWLET HIRST, the dragon of the revels at Kennaquhair
+Abbey.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ and _The Monastery_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+DAN'AE, (3 _syl_.), an Argive princess, visited by Zeus [Jupiter]
+in the form of a shower of gold, while she was confined in an
+inaccessible tower.
+
+DANAID (3 _syl_), Dan'aus had fifty daughters, called the Danaids or
+Dana'ides. These fifty women married the fifty sons of AEgyptus, and
+(with one exception) murdered their husbands on the night of their
+espousals. For this crime they were doomed in Hades to pour water
+everlastingly into sieves.
+
+  Let not your prudence, dearest, drowse or prove
+  The Danaid of a leaky vase.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
+
+DANCING CHANCELLOR _(The)_, Sir Christopher Hatton, who attracted the
+attention of Queen Elizabeth by his graceful dancing, at a masque. She
+took him into favor, and made him both Chancellor and knight of the
+Garter (died 1591).
+
+[Illustration] Mons. de Lauzun, the favorite of Louis XIV., owed his
+fortune to his grace in dancing in the king's quadrille.
+
+Many more than one nobleman owed the favor he enjoyed at court to
+the way he pointed his toe or moved his leg.--A. Dumas, _Taking the
+Bastile._
+
+DANCING WATER _(The)_, from the Burning forest. This water had the
+power of imparting youthful beauty to those who used it. Prince Chery,
+aided by a dove, obtained it for Fairstar.
+
+  The dancing water is the eighth wonder of
+  the world. It beautifies ladies, makes them
+  young again, and even enriches them.--Comtesse
+  D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("Princess Fairstar,"
+  1682).
+
+DANDIES _(The Prince of_), Beau Brummel (1778-1840).
+
+DANDIN _(George)_, a rich French tradesman, who marries Ang'elique,
+the daughter of Mons. le Baron de Sotenville, and has the "privilege"
+of paying-off the family debts, maintaining his wife's noble parents,
+and being snubbed on all occasions to his heart's content. He
+constantly said to himself; in self-rebuke, _Vous Vavez voulu, vous
+Vavez voulu, George Dandin!_ ("You have no one to blame but yourself!
+you brought it on yourself, George Dandin!")
+
+  Vous l'avez voulu, vous l'avez voulu, George
+  Dandin! vous l'avez voulu!... vous avez juste-ment
+  ce que vous meritez.--Moliere, _George
+  Dandin_, i. 9 (1668).
+
+  "Well, _tu l'as voulu_, George Dandin," she said,
+  with a smile, "you were determined on it, and
+  must bear the consequences."--Percy Fitzgerald,
+  _The Parvenu Family_, ii. 262.
+
+[Illustration] There is no such phrase in the comedy as _Tu l'as
+voulu_, it is always _Vous Vavez voulu_.
+
+DAN'DOLO _(Signor)_, a friend to Fazio in prosperity, but who turns
+from him when in disgrace. He says:
+
+  Signor, I am paramount
+  In all affairs of boot and spur and hose;
+  In matters of the robe and cap supreme;
+  In ruff disputes, my lord, there's no appeal
+  From my irrefragibility.
+
+Dean Milman, _Fazio_, ii. I (1815).
+
+DANGEAU _(Jouer a la_), to play as good a hand at cards as Phillippe
+de Courcillon, marquis de Dangeau (1638-1720).
+
+DAN'GERFLELD _(Captain)_, a hired witness in the "Popish Plot"--Sir W.
+Scott, _Pe-veril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DANGLE, a gentleman bitten with the theatrical mania, who annoys a
+manager with impertinent flattery and advice. It is said that Thomas
+Vaughan, a playwright of small reputation, was the original of this
+character.--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (see act i. I), (1779).
+
+DAN'HASCH, one of the genii who did not "acknowledge the great
+Solomon."
+
+When the Princess Badoura in her sleep was carried to the bed of
+Prince Camaral'zaman that she might see him, Danhasch changed himself
+into a flea, and bit her lip, at which Badoura awoke, saw the prince
+sleeping by her side, and afterwards became his wife.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Camaralzarnan and Badoura.")
+
+DANIEL, son of Widow Lackitt; a wealthy Indian planter. A noodle of
+the softest mould, whom Lucy Weldon marries for his money.--Thomas
+Southern, _Oroonoko_ (1696).
+
+DAN'NISCHEMEND, the Persian sorcerer, mentioned in Donnerhugel's
+narrative.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+DANTE AND BEATRICE. Some say that Beatrice, in Dante's _Divina
+Commedia_, merely personifies faith; others think it a real character,
+and say she was the daughter of the illustrious family of Portinari,
+for whom the poet entertained a purely platonic affection. She
+meets the poet after he has been dragged through the river Lethe
+_(Purgatory_, xxxi), and conducts him through paradise. Beatrice
+Portina'ri married Simon de Bardi, and died at the age of 24; Dante
+was a few months older.
+
+  Some persons say that Dante meant Theology
+  By Beatrice, and not a mistress; I ...
+  Deem this a commentator's phantasy.
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, iii. 11 (1820).
+
+DANTE AND-VIRGIL. Virgil was Dante's poetic master and is described as
+conducting him through the realms depicted in the _Divina Commedia_.
+
+[Illustration] The poet married Gemma, of the powerful house of
+Donati. (See LOVES).
+
+_Dante's Beard_. All the pictures of
+
+Dante which I have seen represent him without any beard or hair on his
+face at all; but in _Purgatory_, xxxi., Beatrice says to him, "Raise
+thou thy beard, and lo! what sight shall do," _i.e._ lift up your face
+and look about you; and he adds, "No sooner lifted I mine aspect up
+... than mine eyes _(encountered)_ Beatrice."
+
+DAN DEVEREUX. A young Nantucket giant married to a dainty waif rescued
+in infancy from the sea. He marries her because she is homeless
+and seems to be in love with him. When too late, he knows that his
+affections are another's, and sees his wife fascinated by a handsome
+French adventurer. In an attempt to elope, the wife and her lover are
+wrecked, and clinging to a spar, are overtaken by the "terrible South
+Breaker--plunging and rearing and swelling, a monstrous billow,
+sweeping and swooping and rocking in." Dan in later life, marries
+Georgia, his first love.--Harriet Prescott Spofford, _The South
+Breaker_ (1863).
+
+DANTON OF THE CEVENNES. Pierre Seguier, prophet and preacher of
+Magistavols, in France. He was a leader amongst the Camisards.
+
+DANVERS _(Charles)_, an embyro barrister of the Middle Temple.--C.
+Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman._
+
+DAPH'NE (2 _syl_.)., daughter of Sileno and Mysis, and sister of Nysa.
+The favorite of Apollo while sojourning on earth in the character of a
+shepherd lad named "Pol."--Kate O'Hara, _Midas_ (a burletta, 1778).
+
+(In classic mythology Daphne fled from the amorous god, and escaped by
+being changed into a laurel.)
+
+DAPH'NIS, a beautiful Sicilian shepherd, the inventor of bucolic
+poetry. He was a son of Mercury, and friend both of Pan and Apollo.
+
+  _Daph'nis_, the modest shepherd.
+
+  This is that modest shepherd, he
+  That only dare salute, but ne'er could be
+  Brought to kiss any, hold discourse, or sing,
+  Whisper, or boldly ask.
+
+  John Fletcher, _The Faithful Shepherdess_, i. 3
+  (1610).
+
+DAPH'NIS AND CHLO'E, a prose pastoral love story in Greek, by Longos
+(a Byzantine), not unlike the tale of _The Gentle Shepherd_, by Allan
+Ramsay. Gessner has also imitated the Greek romance in his idyll
+called _Daphnis_. In this lovestory Longos says he was hunting in
+Lesbos, and saw in a grove consecrated to the nymphs a beautiful
+picture of children exposed, lovers plighting their faith, and the
+incursions of pirates, which he now expresses and dedicates to Pan,
+Cupid, and the nymphs. Daphnis, of course, is the lover of Chloe.
+
+DAPPER, a lawyer's clerk, who went to Subtle "the alchemist," to be
+supplied with "a familiar" to make him win in horse-racing, cards,
+and all games of chance. Dapper is told to prepare himself for an
+interview with the fairy queen by taking "three drops of vinegar in
+at the nose, two at the mouth, and one at either ear," "to cry _hum_
+thrice and _buzz_ as often."--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+DAPPLE, the donkey ridden by Sancho Panza, in Cervantes' romance of
+_Don Quixote_ (1605-1615).
+
+DARBY AND JOAN. This ballad, called _The Happy Old Couple_, is printed
+in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, v. 153 (March, 1735).
+
+It is also in Plumtre's _Collections of Songs_, 152 (Camb. 1805), with
+the music. The words are sometimes attributed to Prior, and the first
+line favors the notion: "Dear _Chloe_, while thus beyond measure;"
+only Prior always spells _Chloe_ without "h."
+
+Darby and Joan are an old-fashioned, loving couple, wholly averse to
+change of any sort. It is generally said that Henry Woodfall was the
+author of the ballad, and that the originals were John Darby (printer,
+of Bartholomew Close, who died 1730) and his wife Joan. Woodfall
+served his apprenticeship with John Darby.
+
+  "You may be a Darby _[Mr. Hardcastle]_, but
+  I'll be no Joan, I promise you."--Goldsmith, _She
+  Stoops to Conquer_, i. 1 (1773).
+
+DRADU-LE'NA, the daughter of Foldath, general of the Fir-bolg or Belgae
+settled in the south of Ireland. When Foldath fell in battle,
+
+  His soul rushed to the vale of Mona, to
+  Dardu-Lena's dream, by Dalrutho's stream,
+  where she slept, returning from the chase of
+  hinds. Her bow is near the maid, unstrung ...
+  Clothed in the beauty of youth, the love of
+  heroes lay. Dark-bending from ... the wood
+  her wounded father seemed to come. He appeared
+  at times, then hid himself in mist.
+  Bursting into tears, she arose. She knew that
+  the chief was low ... Thou wert the last of his
+  race, O blue-eyed Dardu-Lena!--Ossian, _Temora_,
+  v.
+
+DARGO, the spear of Ossian, son of Fingal.--Ossian, _Calthon and
+Colmal_.
+
+DAR'GONET, "the Tall," son of Astolpho, and brother of Paradine.
+In the fight provoked by Oswald against Duke Grondibert, which was
+decided by four combatants against four, Dargonet was slain by Hugo
+the Little. Dargonet and his brother were rivals for the love of
+Lora.--Sir Wm. Davenant, _Gondibert_, i. (died 1668).
+
+DARI'US AND HIS HORSE. The seven candidates for the throne of Persia
+agreed that he should be king whose horse neighed first. As the horse
+of Darius was the first to neigh, Darius was proclaimed king.
+
+  That brave Scythian
+  Who found more sweetness in his horse's neighing
+  Than all the Phrygian, Dorian, Lydian playing.
+
+Lord Brooke.
+
+DARLEMONT, guardian and maternal uncle of Julio of Harancour; formerly
+a merchant. He takes possession of the inheritance of his ward by foul
+means, but is proud as Lucifer, suspicious, exacting, and tyrannical.
+Every one fears him; no one loves him.--Thorn. Holcroft, _Deaf and
+Dumb_ (1785.)
+
+DARLING _(Grace)_, daughter of William Darling, lighthouse-keeper on
+Longs tone, one of the Fame Islands. On the morning of September 7,
+1838, Grace and her father saved nine of the crew of the _Forfarshire_
+steamer, wrecked among the Fame Islands opposite Bamborough Castle
+(1815-1842).
+
+DARNAY _(Charles)_, the lover and afterwards the husband of Lucie
+Manette. He bore a strong likeness to Sydney Carton, and was a noble
+character, worthy of Lucie. His real name was Evremonde.--C. Dickens,
+_A Tale of Two Cities_ (1859.)
+
+DARNEL _(Aurelia)_, a character in Smollet's novel entitled _The
+Adventures of Sir Launcelot Greaves_ (1760).
+
+DARNLEY, the _amant_ of Charlotte [Lambert], in _The Hypocrite_, by
+Isaac Bicker-staff. In Moliere's comedy of _Tartuffe_, Charlotte is
+called "Mariane," and Darnley is "Valere."
+
+DAR'-THULA, daughter of Colla, and "fairest of Erin's maidens." She
+fell in love with Nathos, one of the three sons of Usnoth, lord of
+Etha (in Argyllshire). Cairbar, the rebel was also in love with her,
+but his suit was rejected. Nathos was made commander of King Cormac's
+army at the death of Cuthullin, and for a time upheld the tottering
+throne. But the rebel grew stronger and stronger, and at length found
+means to murder the young king; whereupon the army under Nathos
+deserted. Nathos was now obliged to quit Ireland, and Dar-Thula fled
+with him. A storm drove the vessel back to Ulster, where Cairbar was
+encamped, and Nathos, with his two brothers, being overpowered by
+numbers, fell. Dar-Thula was arrayed as a young warrior; but when her
+lover was slain "her shield fell from her arm; her breast of snow
+appeared, but it was stained with blood. An arrow was fixed in
+her side," and her dying blood was mingled with that of the three
+brothers.--Ossian, _Dar-Thula_ (founded on the story of "Deirdri," i.
+_Trans, of the Gaelic Soc_.)
+
+DAR'TLE (_Rosa_), companion of Mrs. Steerforth. She loved Mrs.
+Steerforth's son, but her love was not reciprocated. Miss Dartle is a
+vindictive woman, noted for a scar on her lip, which told tales when
+her temper was aroused. This scar was from a wound given by young
+Steerforth, who struck her on the lip when a boy.--C. Dickens, _David
+Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DARWIN'S MISSING LINK, the link between the monkey and man. According
+to Darwin, the present host of animal life began from a few elemental
+forms, which developed, and by natural selection propagated certain
+types of animals, while others less suited to the battle of life died
+out. Thus, beginning with the larvae of ascidians (a marine mollusc,)
+we get by development to fish lowly organized (as the lancelet),
+thence to ganoids and other fish, then to amphibians. From amphibians
+we get to birds and reptiles, and thence to mammals, among which comes
+the monkey, between which and man is a MISSING LINK.
+
+DASHALL (_The Hon. Tom_), cousin of Tally-ho. The rambles and
+adventures of these two blades are related by Pierce Egan (1821-1822).
+
+D'ASUMAR (_Count_), an old Nestor who fancied nothing was so good as
+when he was a young man.
+
+  "Alas! I see no men nowadays comparable
+  to those I knew heretofore; and the tournaments
+  are not performed with half the magnificence as
+  when I was a young man...." Seeing some
+  fine peaches served up, he observed, "In my
+  time, the peaches were much larger than they
+  are at present; natures degenerates every day."
+  "At that rate," said his companion, smiling,
+  "the peaches of Adam's time must have been
+  wonderfully large."--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, iv. 7
+  (1724).
+
+DAUGHTER (_The_), a drama by S. Knowles (1836). Marian, "daughter" of
+Robert, once a wrecker, was betrothed to Edward, a sailor, who went on
+his last voyage, and intended then to marry her. During his absence a
+storm at sea arose, a body was washed ashore, and Robert went down to
+plunder it. Marian went to look for her father and prevent his robbing
+those washed ashore by the waves, when she saw in the dusk some one
+stab a wrecked body. It was Black Norris, but she thought it was her
+father. Robert being taken up Marian gave witness against him, and he
+was condemned to death. Norris said he would save her father if she
+would marry him, and to this she consented; but on the wedding day
+Edward returned. Norris was taken up for murder, and Marian was saved.
+
+DAUGHTER WITH HER MURDERED FATHER'S HEAD. Margaret Roper, daughter of
+Sir Thomas More, obtained privately the head of her father, which had
+been exposed for some days on London Bridge, and buried it in St.
+Dunstan's Church, Canterbury (1835). Tennyson alludes to this in the
+following lines:--
+
+  Morn broadened on the borders of the dark,
+  Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance
+  Her murdered father's head.
+
+The head of the young earl of Derwent-water was exposed on Temple Bar
+in 1716. His wife drove in a cart under the the arch, and a man, hired
+for the purpose, threw the young earl's head into the cart, that it
+might be decently buried--Sir Bernard Burke Mdlle. de Sombreuil,
+daughter of the Comte de Sombreuil, insisted on the sharing her
+father's prison during the "Reign of Terror," and in accompanying him
+to the guillotine.
+
+DAUPHIN _(Le Grand_), Louis duc de Bourgoyne, eldest son of Louis
+XIV., for whom was published the _Delphine Classics_ (1661-1711).
+
+_Dauphin (Le Petit)_, son of the "Grand Dauphin" (1682-1712).
+
+DAURA, daughter of Armin. She was betrothed to Armar, son of Armart,
+Erath a rival lover having been rejected by her. One day, disguised as
+an old grey-beard, Erath told Daura that he was sent to conduct her
+to Armar, who was waiting for her. Without suspicion she followed her
+guide, who took her to a rock in the midst of the sea, and there left
+her. Her brother Arindal, returning from the chase, saw Erath on the
+shore, and bound him to an oak; then pushing off the boat, went to
+fetch back his sister. At this crisis Armar came up, and discharged
+his arrow at Erath; but the arrow struck Arindal, and killed him. "The
+boat broke in twain," and Armar plunged into the sea to rescue his
+betrothed; but a "sudden blast from the hills struck him, and he sank
+to rise no more." Daura was rescued by her father, but she haunted the
+shore all night in a drenching rain. Next day "her voice grew very
+feeble; it died away; and spent with grief, she expired." Ossian,
+_Songs of Selma_.
+
+DAVENANT (_Lord_), a bigamist. One wife was Marianne Dormer, whom
+he forsook in three months. It was given out that he was dead, and
+Marianne in time married Lord Davenant's son. His other wife was
+Louisa Travers, who was engaged to Captain Dormer, but was told that
+the Captain was faithless and had married another. When the villainy
+of his lordship could be no longer concealed he destroyed himself.
+
+_Lady Davenant_, one of the two wives of Lord Davenant. She was "a
+faultless wife," with beauty to attract affection, and every womanly
+grace.
+
+_Charles Davenant_, a son of Lord Davenant, who married Marianne
+Dormer, his father's wife.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious Husband_
+(1783).
+
+_Davenant (Will)_, a supposed descendant from Shakespeare,
+and Wildrake's friend,--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, the
+Commonwealth).
+
+DAVENPORT (_Colonel_), a Revolutionary veteran who, fighting the
+battle of Long Island over again in Parson Cushing's family, admits
+that General Washington poured out "a terrible volley of curses."
+
+"And he swore?" objects Parson Gushing.
+
+"It was not profane swearing. It was not taking GOD'S name in vain,
+for it sent us back as if we had been chased by lightning. It was
+an awful hour, and he saw it. It was life or death; country or no
+country."--Harriet Beecher Stowe, _Poganuc People_ (1878).
+
+DAVID, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_ is meant for
+Charles II. As David's beloved son Absalom rebelled against him,
+so the Duke of Monmouth rebelled against his father Charles II. As
+Achitophel was a traitorous counsellor to David, so was the Earl of
+Shaftesbury to Charles II. As Hushai outwitted Achitophel, so Hyde
+(duke of Eochester) outwitted the Earl of Shaftesbury, etc., etc.
+
+  Auspicious prince.
+  Thy longing country's darling and desire,
+  Their cloudy pillar, and their guardian fire ...
+  The people's prayer, the glad diviner's theme,
+  The young men's vision and the old men's dream.
+
+Dryden, _Absalom and Achitophel_, i. (1681).
+
+_David_, king of North Wales, eldest son of Owen, by his second wife.
+Owen died in 1169. David married Emma Plantagenet, a Saxon princess.
+He slew his brother Hoel and his half-brother Yorworth (son of Owen
+by his first wife), who had been set aside from the succession in
+consequence of a blemish in the face. He also imprisoned his brother
+Rodri, and drove others into exile. Madoc, one of his brothers, went
+to America, and established there a Welsh colony.--Southey, _Madoc_
+(1805).
+
+DAVID SOVINE. Witness in a murder case in Edward Eggleston's novel
+_The Graysons._ He is put upon the stand and tells a plausible story
+of "the shooting," which he claims to have seen. The prosecutor then
+hands him over to the prisoner's counsel, Abraham Lincoln, whose
+cross-examination of the wretched man concludes thus:
+
+"Why does David Sovine go to all this trouble to perjure himself? Why
+does he wish to swear away the life of that young man who never did
+him any harm? Because that witness shot and killed George Lockwood
+himself. I move your honor that David Sovine be arrested at once for
+murder!" (1888).
+
+DAVID SWAN. A native of New Hampshire, born of respectable parents who
+has had a "classic finish" by a year at Grilmanton Academy. He lies
+down to sleep at noon of a Summer's day, pillowing his head on a
+bundle of clothing. While sound asleep in the shade, he is passed by
+many people on the road. Five or six pause to survey the youth and
+comment upon him. Awakened by the stage-coach, he mounts to the top,
+and bowls away, unconscious that a phantom of Wealth, of Love and
+of Death had visited him in the brief hour since he lay down to
+sleep.--Nathaniel Hawthorn, _Twice-told Tales_, (1851.)
+
+_David (St.)_, son of Xantus, prince of Cereticu _(Cardiganshire)_ and
+the nun Malearia. He was the uncle of King Arthur. St. David first
+embraced the ascetic life in the Isle of Wight, but subsequently
+removed to Menevia, in Pembrokeshire, where he founded twelve
+convents. In 577 the archbishop of Caerleon resigned his see to
+him, and St. David removed the seat of it to Menevia, which was
+subsequently called St. David's and became the metropolis of Wales. He
+died at the age of 146, in the year 642. The waters of Bath "owe their
+warmth and salutary qualities to the benediction of this saint."
+Drayton says he lived in the valley of Ewias (2 _syl_.), between the
+hills of Hatterill, in Monmouthshire.
+
+  Here in an aged cell with moss and ivy grown,
+  In which not to this day the sun hath ever shown.
+  That reverend British saint in zealous ages past,
+  To contemplation lived.
+
+_Polyolbion_, iv. (1612.)
+
+DAVID AND JONATHAN, inseparable friends. The allusion is to David the
+Psalmist and Jonathan the son of Saul. David's lamentation at the
+death of Jonathan was never surpassed in pathos and beauty.--2
+_Samuel_, i. 19-27.
+
+DAVIE DEBET, debt.
+
+  So ofte thy neighbors banquet in thy hall,
+  Till Davie Debet in thy parler stand,
+  And bids thee welcome to thine own decay.
+
+G. Gascoigne, _Magnum Vectigal, etc_. (died 1775).
+
+DAVIE OF STENHONSE, a friend of Hobbie Elliott.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DAVIES (_John_), an old fisherman employed by Joshua Geddes the
+quaker.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III).
+
+DA'VUS, a plain, uncouth servitor; a common name for a slave in Greek
+and Roman plays, as in the _Andria_ of Terence.
+
+  His face made of brass, like a vice in a game.
+  His gesture like Davus, whom Terence doth name.
+
+T. Tusser, _Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry_, liv. (1557).
+
+_Davus sum, non Oedipus._ I am a homely man, and do not understand
+hints, innuendoes, and riddles, like Oedipus. Oedipus was the
+Theban who expounded the riddle of the Sphinx, that puzzled all his
+countrymen. Davus was the stock name of a servant or slave in Latin
+comedies. The proverb is used by Terence, _Andria_, 1, 2, 23.
+
+DAVY, the varlet of Justice Shallow, who so identifies himself with
+his master that he considers himself half host half varlet. Thus when
+he seats Bardolph and Page at table, he tells them they must take
+"his" good will for their assurance of welcome.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry
+IV_. (1598).
+
+DAW (_Sir David_), a rich, dunder-headed baronet of Monmouthshire,
+without wit, words, or worth, but believing himself somebody, and
+fancying himself a sharp fellow, because his servants laugh at his
+good sayings, and his mother calls him a wag. Sir David pays his suit
+to Miss [Emily] Tempest; but as the affections of the young lady are
+fixed on Henry Woodville, the baron goes to the wall.--Cumberland,
+_The Wheel of Fortune_ (1779).
+
+_Daw (Marjorie)_ Edward Delaney, writing to another young fellow, John
+Flemming, confined in town in August by a broken leg, interests him
+in a charming girl, Marjorie Daw by name, whom he has met in his
+(Delaney's) summering-place. His description of her ways, sayings and
+looks so works upon the imagination of the invalid that he falls madly
+in love with her--_without_ sight. As soon as he can travel he rushes
+madly down to "The Pines" where his friend is staying, and finds
+instead of Delaney a letter:
+
+... "I tried to make a little romance to interest you, something
+soothing and idyllic, and by Jove! I've done it only too well ... I
+fly from the wrath to come--when you arrive! For, O, dear Jack, there
+isn't any colonial mansion on the other side of the road, there isn't
+any piazza, there isn't any hammock,--there isn't any Marjorie Daw!"
+
+Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Marjorie Daw_ (1873).
+
+DAWFYD, "the one-eyed" freebooter chief.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+DAWKINS (_Jack_), known by the sobriquet of the "Artful Dodger." He
+is one of Fagin's tools. Jack Dawkins is a young scamp of unmitigated
+villainy, and full of artifices, but of a cheery, buoyant temper.--C.
+Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).
+
+DAWSON (_Bully_), a London sharper, bully, and debauchee of the
+seventeenth century.--See _Spectator_, No. 2.
+
+Bully Dawson kicked by half the town, and half the town kicked by
+Bully Dawson.--Charles Lamb.
+
+_Dawson (Jemmy)._ Captain James Dawson was one of the eight officers
+belonging to the Manchester volunteers in the service of Charles
+Edward, the young pretender. He was a very amiable young man, engaged
+to a young lady of family and fortune, who went in her carriage to
+witness his execution for treason. When the body was drawn, _i.e._
+embowelled, and the heart thrown into the fire, she exclaimed, "James
+Dawson!" and expired. Shenstone has made this the subject of a tragic
+ballad.
+
+  Young Dawson was a gallant youth,
+  A brighter never trod the plain;
+  And well he loved one charming maid,
+  And dearly was he loved again.
+
+Shenstone, _Jemmy Dawson_.
+
+_Dawson (Phoebe)_, "the pride of Lammas Fair," courted by all the
+smartest young men of the village, but caught "by the sparkling
+eyes" and ardent words of a tailor. Phoebe had by him a child before
+marriage, and after marriage he turned a "captious tyrant and a noisy
+sot." Poor Phoebe drooped, "pinched were her looks, as one who pined
+for bread," and in want and sickness she sank into an early tomb. This
+sketch is one of the best in Crabbe's _Parish Register_ (1807).
+
+DAY (_Justice_), a pitiable hen-pecked husband, who always addresses
+his wife as "duck" or "duckie."
+
+_Mrs. Day_, wife of the "justice," full of vulgar dignity,
+overbearing, and loud. She was formerly the kitchen-maid of her
+husband's father; but being raised from the kitchen to the parlor,
+became my lady paramount.
+
+In the comedy from which this farce is taken, "Mrs. Day" was the
+kitchen-maid in the family of Colonel Careless, and went by the name
+of Gillian. In her exalted state she insisted on being addressed as
+"Your honor" or "Your ladyship."
+
+Margaret Woffington [1718-1760], in "Mrs. Day," made no scruples to
+disguise her beautiful face by drawing on it the lines of deformity,
+and to put on the tawdry habiliments and vulgar manners of an old
+hypocritical city vixen.--Thomas Davies.
+
+_Abel Day_, a puritanical prig, who can do nothing without Obadiah.
+This "downright ass" (act i. I) aspires to the hand of the heiress
+Arabella.--T. Knight, _The Honest Thieves_.
+
+This farce is a mere _rechauffe_ of _The Committee_, a comedy by
+the Hon. Sir R. Howard (1670). The names of "Day," "Obadiah," and
+"Arabella" are the same.
+
+_Day (Ferquhard)_, the absentee from the clan Chattan ranks at the
+conflict.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+DAY OF THE DUPES, November 11, 1630. The dupes were Marie de Medicis,
+Anne of Austria, and Gaston, duc d'Orleans, who were outwitted by
+Cardinal Richelieu. The plotters had induced Louis XIII. to dismiss
+his obnoxious minister, whereupon the cardinal went at once to resign
+the seals of office; the king repented, re-established the cardinal,
+and he became more powerful than ever.
+
+DAYS RECURRENT IN THE LIVES OF GREAT MEN.
+
+BECKET. Tuesday was Becket's day. He was born on a Tuesday, and on
+a Tuesday was assassinated. He was baptized on a Tuesday, took his
+flight from Northampton on a Tuesday, withdrew to France on a Tuesday,
+had his vision of martydom on a Tuesday, returned to England on a
+Tuesday, his body was removed from the crypt to the shrine on a
+Tuesday, and on Tuesday (April 13, 1875) Cardinal Manning consecrated
+the new church dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket.
+
+CROMWELL'S day was September 3. On September 3, 1650, he won the
+battle of Dunbar; on September 3, 1651, he won the battle of
+Worcester; on September 3, 1658, he died.
+
+HAROLD'S day was October 14. It was his birthday, and also the day of
+his death. William the Conqueror was born on the same day, and, on
+October 14, 1066, won England by conquest.
+
+NAPOLEON'S day was August 15, his birthday; but his his "lucky" day,
+like that of his nephew, Napoleon III., was the 2nd of the month. He
+was made consul for life on August 2, 1802; was crowned December
+2, 1804; won his greatest battle, that of Austerlitz, for which
+he obtained the title of "Great," December 2, 1805; married the
+archduchess of Austria, April 2, 1810; etc.
+
+NAPOLEON III. The _coup d'etat_ was December 2, 1851. Louis Napoleon
+was made emperor December 2, 1852; he opened, at Saarbrueck, the
+Franco-German war August 2, 1870; and surrendered his sword to William
+of Prussia, September 2, 1870.
+
+DAZZLE, in _London Assurance_, by D. Boucicault.
+
+  "Dazzle" and "Lady Gay Spanker" "act
+  themselves," and will never be dropped out of
+  the list of acting plays.--Percy Fitzgerald.
+
+DE BOURGO (_William_), brother of the earl of Ulster and commander of
+the English forces that defeated Felim O'Connor (1315) at Athunree, in
+Connaught.
+
+  Why tho' fallen her brother kerne [_Irish infantry_]
+  Beneath De Bourgo's battle stern.
+
+Campbell, _O'Connor's Child_.
+
+DE COURCY, in a romance called _Women_, by the Rev. C.R. Maturin. An
+Irishman, made up of contradictions and improbabilities. He is in love
+with Zaira, a brilliant Italian, and also with her unknown daughter,
+called Eva Wentworth, a model of purity. Both women are blighted by
+his inconstancy. Eva dies, but Zaira lives to see De Courcy perish of
+remorse (1822).
+
+DE GARD, a noble staid gentleman, newly lighted from his travels;
+brother of Oria'na, who "chases" Mi'rabel "the wild goose," and
+catches him.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Wild-goose Chase_ (1652).
+
+DE L'EPEE (_Abbe_). Seeing a deaf and dumb lad abandoned in the
+streets of Paris, he rescues him, and brings him up under the name of
+Theodore. The foundling turned out to be Julio, count of Harancour.
+
+"In your opinion, who is the greatest genius that France has ever
+produced?" "Science would decide for D'Alembert, Nature [_would_] say
+Buffon; Wit and Taste [_would_] present Voltaire; and Sentiment plead
+for Rousseau; but Genius and Humanity cry out for De l'Epee, and him
+I call the best and greatest of human creatures."--Th. Holcroft, _The
+Deaf and Dumb_, iii. 2. (1785).
+
+DE VALMONT (_Count_), father of Florian and uncle of Geraldine. During
+his absence in the wars, he left his kinsman, the Baron Longueville,
+guardian of his castle; but under the hope of coming into the
+property, the baron set fire to the castle, intending thereby to kill
+the wife and her infant boy. When De Valmont returned and knew his
+losses, he became a wayward recluse, querulous, despondent, frantic at
+times, and at times most melancholy. He adopted an infant "found in a
+forest," who turned out to be his son. His wife was ultimately found,
+and the villainy of Longueville was brought to light.--W. Dimond, _The
+Foundling of the Forest._
+
+Many "De Valmonts" I have witnessed in fifty-four years, but have
+never seen the equal of Joseph George Holman [1764-1817].--Donaldson.
+
+DEAF AND DUMB (_The_), a comedy by Thomas Holcroft. "The deaf and
+dumb" boy is Julio, count of Harancour, a ward of M. Darlemont, who,
+in order to get possession of his ward's property, abandons him when
+very young in the streets of Paris. Here he is rescued by the Abbe De
+l'Epee, who brings him up under the name of Theodore. The boy being
+recognized by his old nurse and others, Darlemont confesses his crime,
+and Julio is restored to his rank and inheritance.--Th. Holcroft, _The
+Deaf and Dumb_ (1785).
+
+DEAN OF ST. PATRICK (_The_), Jonathan Swift, who was appointed to the
+deanery in 1713, and retained it till his death. (1667-1745).
+
+DEANS (_Douce Davie_), the cowherd at Edinburgh, noted for his
+religious peculiarities, his magnanimity in affection, and his
+eccentricities.
+
+_Mistress Rebecca Deans_, Douce Davie's second wife.
+
+_Jeanie Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his first wife. She
+marries Reuben Butler, the Presbyterian minister. Jeanie Deans is
+a model of good sense, strong affection, resolution, and
+disinterestedness. Her journey from Edinburgh to London is as
+interesting as that of _Elizabeth_ from Siberia to Moscow, or of
+Bunyan's pilgrim.
+
+_Effie [Euphemia] Deans_, daughter of Douce Davie Deans, by his second
+wife. She is betrayed by George [afterward Sir George] Staunton
+(called _Geordie Robertson_) and imprisoned for child-murder. Jeanie
+goes to the queen and sues for pardon, which is vouchsafed to her,
+and Staunton does what he can to repair the mischief he has done by
+marrying Effie, who thus becomes Lady Staunton. Soon after this Sir
+George is shot by a gypsy boy, who proves to be his own son, and
+Effie retires to a convent on the Continent.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II).
+
+[Illustration] J.E.Millais has a picture of Effie Deans keeping tryst
+with George Staunton.
+
+[Illustration] The prototype of Jeanie Deans was Helen Walker, to
+whose memory Sir W. Scott erected a tombstone in Irongray churchyard
+(Kirkcudbright).
+
+DEAN (Elder). Rigid and puritaincal church, official who brings a
+charge of heretical opinions and blacksliding against his pastor's
+wife in _John Ward, Preacher_, Margaret Deland (1888).
+
+DEATH OR MORS. So did Tennyson call Sir Ironside the Red Knight of the
+Red Lands, who kept Lyonors (for Liones) captive in Castle Perilous.
+The name "Mors," which is Latin, is very inconsistent with a
+purely British tale, and of course does not appear in the original
+story.--Tennyson, _Idylls_ ("Gareth and Lynette"); Sir T. Malory,
+_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 134-137 (1470).
+
+DEATH FROM STRANGE CAUSES.
+
+AEschylus was killed by the fall of a tortoise on his head from the
+claws of an eagle in the air.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Agath'ocles (4 _syl_.), tyrant of Sicily, was killed by a tooth-pick,
+at the age of 95.
+
+Anacreon was choked by a grape stone.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Bassus (_Q. Lucilius_) died from the prick of a fine needle in his
+left thumb.
+
+Chalchas, the soothsayer, died of laughter at the thought of his
+having outlived the time predicted for his death.
+
+Charles VIII., conducting his queen into a tennis-court, struck his
+head against the lintel, and it caused his death.
+
+Fabius, the Roman praetor, was choked by a single goat-hair in the
+milk which he was drinking.--Pliny, _Hist_. vii. 7.
+
+Frederick Lewis, prince of Wales, died from the blow of a cricket
+ball.
+
+Itadach died of thirst in the harvest field, because (in observance of
+the rule of St. Patrick) he refused to drink a drop of anything.
+
+Louis VI. met with his death from a pig running under his horse, and
+causing it to stumble. Margutte died of laughter on seeing a monkey
+try ing to pull on a pair of his boots.
+
+Philom'enes (4 _syl_.) died of laughter at seeing an ass eating the
+figs provided for his own dessert.--Valerius Maximus.
+
+Placut (_Phillipot_) dropped down dead while in the act of paying a
+bill.--Backaberry the elder.
+
+Quenelault, a Norman physician of Montpellier, died from a slight
+wound made in his hand in the extraction of a splinter.
+
+Saufeius (_Spurius_) was choked supping up the albumen of a
+soft-boiled egg.
+
+Zeuxis, the painter, died of laughter at sight of a hag which he had
+just depicted.
+
+DEATH RIDE (_The_), the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava,
+October 25, 1854. In this action 600 English horsemen, under the
+earl of Cardigan, charged a Russian force of 5,000 calvary and six
+batallions of infantry. They galloped through the battery of thirty
+guns, cutting down the artillerymen, and through the calvary, but then
+discovered the batallions and cut their way back again. Of the 670
+who advanced to this daring charge, not 200 returned. This reckless
+exploit was the result of some misunderstanding in an order from the
+commander-in-chief. Tennyson has a poem on the subject called _The
+Charge of the Light Brigade_.
+
+For chivalrous devotion and daring, "the Death Ride" of the Light
+Brigade will not easily be paralleled.--Sir Edw. Creasy, _The Fifteen
+Decisive Battles_ (preface).
+
+DEB'ON, one of the companions of Brute. According to British fable,
+Devonshire is a corruption of "Debon's-share", or the share of the
+country assigned to Debon.
+
+DEBORAH DEBBITCH, governante at Lady Peveril's--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril
+of the the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DEBORAH WOODHOUSE. The practical sister of the spinster pair who
+cherish (respectively) a secret attachment for Mr. Dermer. Miss
+Deborah is an admirable cook, and an affectionate aunt and considers
+that in religion a woman ought to think just as her husband
+does.--Margaret Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_ (1888).
+
+DECEM SCRIPTORES, a collection of ten ancient chronicles on English
+history, edited by Twysden and John Selden. The names of the
+chroniclers are Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham,
+Ailred of Rieval, Ralph De Diceto, John Brompton of Jorval, Gervase
+of Canterbury, Thomas Stubbs, William Thorn of Canterbury, and Henry
+Knighton of Leicester.
+
+DECEMBER. A mother laments in the
+
+  "Darkest of all Decembers
+  Ever her life has known,"
+
+the death of two sons, one of whom fell in battle, while the other
+perished at sea.
+
+  "Ah, faint heart! in thy anguish
+  What is there left to thee?
+  Only the sea intoning
+  Only the wainscot-mouse
+  Only the wild wind moaning
+  Over the lonely house!"
+
+Thomas Bailey Aldrich, _Poems_, (1882).
+
+DE'CIUS, friend of Antin'ous (4 _syl_.).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Laws
+of Candy_ (1647).
+
+DEDLOCK _(Sir Leicester), bart_., who has a general opinion that the
+world might get on without hills, but would be "totally done up"
+without Dedlocks. He loves Lady Dedlock, and believes in her
+implicity. Sir Leicester is honorable and truthful, but intensely
+prejudiced, immovably obstinate, and proud as "county" can make a man;
+but his pride has a most dreadful fall when the guilt of Lady Dedlock
+becomes known.
+
+_Lady Dedlock_, wife of Sir Leicester, beautiful, cold, and apparently
+heartless; but she is weighed down with this terrible secret, that
+before marriage she had had a daughter by Captain Hawdon. This
+daughter's name is Esther [Summerson] the heroine of the novel.
+
+_Volumnia Dedlock_, cousin of Sir Leicester. A "young" lady of 60,
+given to rouge, pearl-powder, and cosmetics. She has a habit of prying
+into the concerns of others.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1853).
+
+DEE'S SPEC'ULUM, a mirror, which Dr. John Dee asserted was brought to
+him by the angels Raphael and Gabriel. At the death of the doctor it
+passed into the possession of the Earl of Peterborough, at Drayton;
+then to Lady Betty Grermaine, by whom it was given to John, last duke
+of Argyll. The duke's grandson (Lord Frederic Campbell) gave it to
+Horace Walpole; and in 1842 it was sold, at the dispersion of the
+curiosities of Strawberry Hill, and bought by Mr. Smythe Pigott.
+At the sale of Mr. Pigott's library, in 1853, it passed into the
+possession of the late Lord Londesborough. A writer in _Notes and
+Queries_ (p. 376, November 7, 1874) says, it "has now been for many
+years in the British Museum," where he saw it "some eighteen years
+ago."
+
+This magic speculum is a flat _polished mineral, like cannel coal_, of
+a circular form, fitted with a handle.
+
+DEERSLAYER (_The_), the title of a novel by J.F. Cooper, and the
+nickname of its hero, Natty or Nathaniel Bumppo. He is a model
+uncivilized man, honorable, truthful, and brave, pure of heart and
+without reproach.
+
+DEERFIELD. The particulars of the captivity of the Williams family
+of Deerfield, (Mass.), are told by John Williams, the head of the
+household. The Indians entered the town before dawn Feb. 29, 1703,
+broke into the house, murdered two children and a servant and carried
+the rest into the wilderness. Mrs. Williams being weak from a recent
+illness, was killed on the journey.--John Williams, _The Redeemed
+Captive Returning to Zion_ (1707).
+
+DEFARGE (_Mons._), keeper of a wine shop in the Faubourg St. Antoine,
+in Paris. He is a bull-necked, good-humored, but implacable-looking
+man.
+
+_Mde. Defarge_, his wife, a dangerous woman, with great force of
+character; everlastingly knitting.
+
+Mde. Defarge had a watchful eye that seldom seemed to look at
+anything.--C. Dickens, _A Tale of Two Cities_, i. 5 (1859).
+
+DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, the title first given to Henry VIII, by Pope
+Leo X., for a volume against Luther, in defence of pardons, the
+papacy, and the seven sacraments. The original volume is in the
+Vatican, and contains this inscription in the king's handwriting;
+_Anglorum rex Henricus, Leoni X. mittit hoc opus et fidei testem et
+amicitiae_; whereupon the pope (in the twelfth year of his reign)
+conferred upon Henry, by bull, the title "Fidei Defensor," and
+commanded all Christians so to address him. The original bull was
+preserved by Sir Robert Cotton, and is signed by the pope,
+four bishop-cardinals, fifteen priest-cardinals, and eight
+deacon-cardinals. A complete copy of the bull, with its seals and
+signatures, may be seen in Selden's _Titles of Honor_, v. 53-57
+(1672).
+
+DEFOE writes _The History of the Plague of London_ as if he had been
+a personal spectator, but he was only three years old at the the time
+(1663-1731).
+
+DEGGIAL, antichrist. The Mohammedan writers say he has but one eye and
+one eyebrow, and on his forehead is written CAFER ("infidel")
+
+Chilled with terror, we concluded that the Deggial, with his
+exterminating angels, had sent forth their plagues on the earth.--W.
+Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+DEIRD'RI, an ancient Irish story similar to the _Dar-Thula_ of Ossian.
+Conor, king of Ulster, puts to death by treachery the three sons
+of Usnach. This leads to the desolating war against Ulster, which
+terminates in the total destruction of Eman. This is one of the three
+tragic stories of the Irish, which are: (1) The death of the children
+of Touran (regarding Tuatha de Danans); (2) the death of the children
+of Lear or Lir, turned into swans by Aoife; (3) the death of the
+children of Usnach (a "Milesian" story).
+
+DEK'ABRIST, a Decembrist, from _Dekaber_, the Russian for December.
+It denotes those persons who suffered death or captivity for the part
+they took in the military conspiracy which broke out in St. Petersburg
+in December, 1825, on the accession of Czar Nicholas to the throne.
+
+DELA'DA, the tooth of Buddah, preserved in the Malegawa temple at
+Kandy. The natives guard it with the greatest jealousy, from a belief
+that whoever possesses it acquires the right to govern Ceylon. When
+the English (in 1815) obtained possession of this palladium, the
+natives submitted without resistance.
+
+DELASERRE (_Captain Philip_), a friend of Harry Bertram.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DE'LIA, Diana; so called from the island Delos, where she was born.
+Similarly, Apollo was called _Delius_. Milton says that Eve, e'en
+
+  Delia's self,
+  In gait surpassed and goddess-like deport,
+  Though not as she with bow and quiver armed.
+
+_Paradise Lost_, ix. 338, etc. (1665).
+
+_Delia_, any female sweetheart. She is one of the shepherdesses in
+Virgil's _Eclogues_. Tibullus, the Roman poet, calls his lady-love
+"Delia," but what her real name was is not certain.
+
+_Delia_, the lady-love of James Hammond's elegies, was Miss Dashwood,
+who died in 1779. She rejected his suit, and died unmarried. In one of
+the elegies the poet imagines himself married to her, and that they
+were living happily together till death, when pitying maids would tell
+of their wondrous loves.
+
+DELIAN KING (_The_). Apollo or the sun is so called in the Orphic
+hymn,
+
+  Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds
+  The central heavens.
+
+Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).
+
+DELIGHT OF MANKIND (_The_), Titus the Roman emperor, A.D.40, (79-81).
+
+  Titus indeed gave one short evening gleam,
+  More cordial felt, as in the midst it spread
+  Of storm and horror: "The Delight of Men."
+
+Thomson, _Liberty_, in. (1725).
+
+DELLA CRUSCA SCHOOL, originally applied in 1582 to a society in
+Florence, established to purify the national language and sift from it
+all its impurities; but applied in England to a brotherhood of poets
+(at the close of the last century) under the leadership of Mrs.
+Piozzi. This school was conspicuous for affectation and high-flown
+panegyrics on each other. It was stamped out by Gifford, in _The
+Baviad_, in 1794, and _The Moeviad_, in 1796. Robert Merry, who signed
+himself _Della Crusca_, James Cobb, a farce-writer, James Boswell
+(biographer of Dr. Johnson), O'Keefe, Morton, Reynolds, Holcroft,
+Sheridan, Colman the younger, Mrs. H. Cowley, and Mrs. Robinson were
+its best exponents.
+
+DEL'PHINE, (2 _syl._), the heroine and title of a novel by Mde. de
+Stael. Delphine is a charming character, who has a faithless lover,
+and dies of a broken heart. This novel, like _Corinne_, was written
+during her banishment from France by Napoleon I., when she travelled
+in Switzerland and Italy. It is generally thought that "Delphine" was
+meant for the authoress herself (1802).
+
+DELPHINE CLASSICS (_The_), a set of Latin classics edited in France
+for the use of the grand dauphin (son of Louis XIV.). Huet was chief
+editor, assisted by Montausier and Bossuet. They had thirty-nine
+scholars working under them. The indexes of these classics are very
+valuable.
+
+DELTA [Illustration] of _Blackwood_ is D.M.Moir (1798-1851).
+
+DEL'VILLE (2 _syl_.), one of the guardians of Cecilia. He is a man
+of wealth and great ostentation, with a haughty humility and
+condescending pride, especially in his intercourse with his social
+inferiors.--Miss Burney, _Cecilia_ (1782). DEME'TIA, South Wales; the
+inhabitants are called Demetians.
+
+  Denevoir, the seat of the Demetian king.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, v. (1612).
+
+DEME'TRIUS, a young Athenian, to whom Egeus (3 _syl_.) promised his
+daughter Hermia in marriage. As Hermia loved Lysander, she refused to
+marry Demetrius, and fled from Athens with Lysander. Demetrius went in
+quest of her, and was followed by Helena, who doted on him. All four
+fell asleep, and "dreamed a dream" about the fairies. On waking,
+Demetrius became more reasonable. He saw that Hermia disliked him, but
+that Helena loved him sincerely, so he consented to forego the one and
+take to wife the other. When Egeus, the father of Hermia, found out
+how the case stood, he consented to the union of his daughter with
+Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's Dream_ (1592).
+
+_Deme'trius_, in _The Poetaster_, by Ben Jonson, is meant for John
+Marston (died 1633).
+
+_Deme'trius_, (4 _syl_.), son of King Antig'onus, in love with Celia,
+_alias_ Enan'the.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_
+(1647).
+
+_Deme'trius_, a citizen of Greece during the reign of Alexius
+Comnenus.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+DEMIURGUS, that mysterious agent which, according to Plato, made the
+world and all that it contains. The Logos or "Word" of St. John's
+Gospel (ch. i. I) is the demiurgus of platonizing Christians.
+
+DEMOC'RITOS (in Latin _Democritus_), the laughing or scoffing
+philosopher, the Friar Bacon of his age. To "dine with Democ'ritos"
+is to go without dinner, the same as "dining with Duke Humphrey," or
+"dining with the cross-legged knights."
+
+People think that we [_authors_] often dine with Democritos, but there
+they are mistaken. There is not one of the fraternity who is not
+welcome to some good table.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, xii. 7 (1735).
+
+DEMOCRITUS JUNIOR, Robert Burton, author of _The Anatomy of
+Melancholy_ (1576-1640).
+
+DEMOD'OCOS (in Latin _Demodocus_), bard of Alcin'ous (4 _syl_.) king
+of the Phaea'cians.
+
+  Such as the wise Demodicos once told
+  In solemn songs at King Alcinous' feast,
+  While sad Ulysses' soul and all the rest
+  Are held, with his melodious harmony,
+  In willing chains and sweet captivity.
+
+Milton, _Vacation Exercise_ (1627).
+
+DEM'OGOR'GON, tyrant of the elves and fays, whose very name inspired
+terror; hence Milton speaks of "the dreaded name of Demogorgon"
+(_Paradise Lost_, ii. 965). Spenser says he "dwells in the deep abyss
+where the three fatal sisters dwell" (_Faery Queen_, iv. 2); but
+Ariosto says he inhabited a splendid palace on the Himalaya Mountains.
+Demogorgon is mentioned by Statius in the _Thebaid_, iv. 516.
+
+He's the first-begotten of Beelzebub, with a face as terrible as
+Demogorgon.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_, v. 2 (1680).
+
+DEMON. Increase Mather tells a long and circumstantial story of _The
+Demon at William Morse His House_, time of visitation being 1679.
+"The true story of these strange disturbances is as yet not certainly
+known," he says. "Some (as has been hinted), did suspect Morse's wife
+to be guilty of witchcraft."--Increase Mather, _An Essay for the
+Eecording of Illustrious Providences_ (1681). DEMOPH'OON (4 _syl._)
+was brought up by Demeter, who anointed him with ambrosia and plunged
+him every night into the fire. One day, his mother, out of curiosity,
+watched the proceeding, and was horror-struck; whereupon Demeter told
+her that her foolish curiosity had robbed her son of immortal youth.
+
+[Illustration] This story is also told of Isis.--Plutarch, _De Isid.
+et Osirid_., xvi. 357.
+
+[Illustration] A similar story is told of Achilles. His mother Thet'is
+was taking similar precautions to render him immortal, when his father
+Pe'leus (2 _syl_.) interfered.--Apollonius Rhodius, _Argonautic Exp_.,
+iv. 866.
+
+DEMOS'THENES OF THE PULPIT. Dr. Thomas Rennell, dean of Westminster,
+was so called by William Pitt (1753-1840).
+
+DENDIN (_Peter_), an old man, who had settled more disputes than all
+the magistrates of Poitiers, though he was no judge. His plan was to
+wait till the litigants were thoroughly sick of their contention,
+and longed to end their disputes; then he would interpose, and his
+judgment could not fail to be acceptable.
+
+_Tenot Dendin_, son of the above, but, unlike the father, he always
+tried to crush quarrels in the bud; consequently, he never succeeded
+in settling a single dispute submitted to his judgment.--Rabelais,
+_Pantagruel_, in. 41 (1545).
+
+(Racine has introduced the same name into his comedy called _Les
+Plaideurs_ (1669), and Lafontaine in his _Fables_ 1668).
+
+DENNET (_Father_), an old peasant at the Lists of St. George.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DENNIS the hangman, one of the ringleaders of the "No Popery Riots;"
+the other two were Hugh, servant of the Maypole inn, and the
+half-witted Barnaby Rudge. Dennis was cheerful enough when he "turned
+off" others, but when he himself ascended the gibbet he showed a most
+grovelling and craven spirit.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+_Dennis (John)_, "the best abused man in English literature." Swift
+lampooned him; Pope assailed him in the _Essay on Criticism_; and
+finally he was "damned to everlasting fame" in the _Dunciad_. He is
+called "Zo'ilus" (1657-1733).
+
+DENNISON _(Jenny)_, attendant on Miss Edith Bellenden. She marries
+Cuddie Headrigg.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DERMER _(Mr.)_, a little bachelor lawyer, whose face has "a pinched,
+wistful look" under the curls of his brown wig. He lives in a dreary
+house, with a testy housekeeper, and a timid little nephew-ward, and
+spends many of his lonely hours in trying to decide if he loves Miss
+Deborah Woodhouse the utilitarian, or aesthetic Miss Ruth. On his
+death-bed, he gives an old daguerreotype of himself to Miss Ruth.
+
+  "Not that I have--have changed my mind,
+  but it is not improper, I am sure that Miss Deborah's
+  sister should give me--if she will be
+  so good--her hand, that I may say 'goodbye'"--Margaret
+  Deland, _John Ward, Preacher_
+  (1888).
+
+D'EON DE BEAUMONT (_Le Chevalier_), a person notorious for the
+ambiguity of his sex; said to be the son of an advocate. His face was
+pretty, without beard, moustache, or whiskers. Louis XV. sent him as a
+woman to Russia on a secret mission, and he presented himself to the
+czarina as a woman (1756). In the Seven Years' War he was appointed
+captain of dragoons. In 1777 he assumed the dress of a woman again,
+which he maintained till death (1728-1810).
+
+DERBY (_Earl of_), third son of the Earl of Lancaster, and near
+kinsman of Edward III. His name was Henry Plantagenet, and he died
+1362. Henry Plantagenet, earl of Derby, was sent to protect Guienne,
+and was noted for his humanity no less than for his bravery. He
+defeated the Comte de l'Isle at Bergerac, reduced Perigord, took the
+castle of Auberoche, in Gascony, overthrew 10,000 French with only
+1000, taking prisoners nine earls and nearly all the barons, knights,
+and squires (1345). Next year he took the fortresses of Monsegur,
+Montpezat, Villefranche, Miraumont, Tonneins, Damazin, Aiguillon, and
+Reole.
+
+That most deserving Earl of Derby, we prefer Henry's third valiant
+son, the Earl of Lancaster. That only Mars of men,
+
+Dayton, _Polyolbion_, xviii. (1613).
+
+_Derby (Countess of)_, Charlotte de la Tremouille, Countess of Derby
+and Queen of Man.
+
+_Philip (earl of Derby)_, King of Man, son of the countess.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DANIEL DERONDA, pure young fellow whose influence for good over men
+and women is marvellous, and explicable only upon the principle that
+virtue is mightier than vice. "You could not have seen his face
+thoroughly meeting yours without believing that human creatures
+had done nobly in times past and might do more nobly in time to
+come."--George Eliot, _Daniel Deronda_.
+
+DER'RICK, hangman in the first half of the seventeenth century. The
+crane for hoisting goods is called a derrick, from this hangman.
+
+_Derrick (Faith)._ The rural heroine of Susan Warner's novel _Say and
+Seal_ (1860).
+
+_Derrick (Tom)_, quarter-master of the pirate's vessel.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+DERRY DOWN TRIANGLE _(The)_, Lord Castlereagh; afterwards marquis of
+Londonderry; so called by William Hone. The first word is a pun on the
+title, the second refers to his lordship's oratory, a triangle being
+the most feeble, monotonous, and unmusical of all musical instruments.
+Tom Moore compares the oratory of Lord Castlereagh to "water spouting
+from a pump."
+
+  _Q_. Why is a pump like viscount Castlereigh?
+  _A_. Because it is a slender thing of wood,
+  That up and down its awkward arm doth sway,
+  And coolly spout, and spout, and spout away,
+  In one weak, washy, everlasting flood.
+
+  T. Moore.
+
+DERVISH ("_a poor man_"), a sort of religious friar or mendicant among
+the Mohammedans.
+
+DESBOROUG-H _(Colonel)_, one of the parliamentary commissioners.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).
+
+DESDEMO'NA, daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian senator, in love with
+Othello the Moor (general of the Venetian army). The Moor loves her
+intensely, and marries her; but Iago, by artful villainy, induces him
+to believe that she loves Cassio too well. After a violent conflict
+between love and jealousy, Othello smothers her with a bolster, and
+then stabs himself.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611.)
+
+The soft simplicity of Desdemona, confident of merit and conscious of
+innocence, her artless perseverance in her suit, and her slowness to
+suspect that she can be suspected, are proofs of Shakespeare's skill
+in human nature.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+DESERT FAIRY _(The)_. This fairy was guarded by two lions, that
+could be pacified only by a cake made of millet, sugar-candy, and
+crocodiles' eggs. The Desert Fairy said to Allfair, "I swear by
+my coif you shall marry the Yellow Dwarf, or I will burn my
+crutch."--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow Dwarf," 1682).
+
+DESERTED DAUGHTER _(The)_, a comedy by Holcroft. Joanna was the
+daughter of Mordent, but her mother died, and Mordent married Lady
+Anne. In order to do so he ignored his daughter and had her brought
+up by strangers, intending to apprentice her to some trade. Item, a
+money-lender, acting on the advice of Mordent, lodges the girl with
+Mrs. Enfield, a crimp, where Lennox is introduced to her, and obtains
+Mordent's consent to run away with her. In the interim Cheveril sees
+her, falls in love with her, and determines to marry her. Mordent
+repents, takes the girl home, acknowledges her to be his daughter, and
+she becomes the wife of the gallant young Cheveril (1784).
+
+[Illustration] This comedy has been recast, and called _The Steward_.
+
+DESERTER _(The)_, a musical drama by Dibdin (1770). Henry, a soldier,
+is engaged to Louisa, but during his absence some rumors of gallantry
+to his disadvantage reach the village, and to test his love, Louisa
+in pretence goes with Simkin as if to be married. Henry sees the
+procession, is told it is Louisa's wedding day, and in a fit of
+desperation gives himself up as a deserter, and is condemned to death.
+Lousia goes to the king, explains the whole affair, and returns with
+his pardon as the muffled drums begin to beat.
+
+DESMAS. The repentant thief is so called in _The Story of Joseph
+of Arimathea_; but Dismas in the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemus._
+Longfellow, in _The Golden Legend_, calls him Dumachus. The impenitent
+thief is called Gestas, but Longfellow calls him Titus.
+
+  Imparibus meritis pendent tria corpora ramis:
+  _Dismas et Gesmas_, media est Divina Potestas;
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas;
+  Nos et res nostras conservet Summa Potestas.
+
+  Of differing merits from three trees incline
+  Dismas and Gesmas and the Power Divine;
+  Dismas repents, Gesmas no pardon craves,
+  The power Divine by death the sinner saves.
+
+DESMONDS OF KILMALLOCK (Limerick). The legend is that the last
+powerful head of this family, who perished in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, still keeps his state under the waters of Lough Gur, that
+every seventh year he re-appears fully armed, rides round the lake
+early in the morning, and will ultimately return in the flesh to claim
+his own again. (See BARBAROSSA.)--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_.
+
+DESPAIR (_Giant_), lived in Doubting Castle. He took Christian and
+Hopeful captive for sleeping on his grounds, and locked them in a dark
+dungeon from Wednesday to Saturday, without "one bit of bread, or drop
+of drink, or ray of light." By the advice of his wife, Diffidence, the
+giant beat them soundly "with a crab-tree cudgel." On Saturday night
+Christian remembered he had a key in his bosom, called "Promise,"
+which would open any lock in Doubting Castle. So he opened the dungeon
+door, and they both made their escape with speed.--John Bunyan,
+_Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+DEUCE IS IN HIM (_The_) a farce by George Colman, senior. The person
+referred to is Colonel Tember, under which name the plot of the farce
+is given (1762).
+
+DEUGA'LA, says Ossian, "was covered with the light of beauty, but her
+heart was the house of pride."
+
+DEVE'TA, plu. Devetas, inferior or secondary deities in Hindu
+mythology.
+
+DEVIL (_The_). Olivier le Daim, the tool of Louis XL, and once the
+king's barber, was called _Le Diable_, because he was as much feared,
+was as fond of making mischief, and was far more disliked than the
+prince of evil. Olivier was executed in 1484.
+
+_Devil (The French)_, Jean Bart, an intrepid French sailor, born at
+Dunkirk (1650-1702).
+
+_Devil (The White)_. George Castriot, surnamed "Scanderbeg," was
+called by the Turks "The White Devil of Wallachia" (1404-1467).
+
+_Devil (The Printer's)_. Aldus Manutius, a printer in Venice to the
+holy Church and the doge, employed a negro boy to help him in his
+office. This little black boy was believed to be an imp of Satan, and
+went by the name of the "printer's devil." In order to protect him
+from persecution, and confute a foolish superstition, Manutius made a
+public exhibition of the boy, and announced that "any one who doubted
+him to be flesh and blood might come forward and pinch him."
+
+_Devil (Robert the)_, of Normandy; so called because his father was
+said to have been an incubus or fiend in the disguise of a knight
+(1028-1035).
+
+[Illustration] Robert Francois Damiens is also called _Robert le
+Diable_, for his attempt to assassinate Louis XV. (1714-1757).
+
+_Devil (Son of the)_, Ezzeli'no, chief of the Gibelins, governor of
+Vicenza. He was so called for his infamous cruelties (1215-1259).
+
+DEVIL DICK, Richard Porson, the critic, (1759-1808).
+
+DEVIL ON TWO STICKS, (_The_), that is _Le Diable Boiteux_, by Lesage
+(1707). The plot of this humorous satirical tale is borrowed from the
+Spanish, _El Diabolo Cojuelo_, by Gueva'ra (1635). Asmode'us (_le
+diable boiteux_) perches Don Cle'ofas on the steeple of St. Salvador,
+and stretching out his hand, the roofs of all the houses open, and
+expose to him what is being done privately in every dwelling.
+
+_Devil on Two Sticks (The)_, a farce by S. Foote; a satire on the
+medical profession.
+
+DEVIL TO PAY, (_The_), a farce by C. Coffey. Sir John Loverule has
+a termagant wife, and Zackel Jobson, a patient grissel. Two spirits
+named Nadir and Ab'ishog transform these two wives for a time, so that
+the termagant is given to Jobson, and the patient wife to Sir John.
+When my lady tries her tricks on Jobson, he takes his strap to her and
+soon reduces her to obedience. After she is well reformed, the two
+are restored to their original husbands, and the shrew becomes an
+obedient, modest wife (died, 1745).
+
+DEVIL'S AGE (_The_). A wealthy man once promised to give a poor
+gentleman and his wife a large sum of money if at a given time they
+could tell him the devil's age. When the time came, the gentleman at
+his wife's suggestion, plunged first into a barrel of honey and then
+into a barrel of feathers, and walked on all fours. Presently up came
+his Satanic majesty, and said, "_X and x_ years have I lived," naming
+the exact number, "yet never saw I an animal like this." The gentlemen
+had heard enough, and was able to answer the question without
+difficulty.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 58 (1877).
+
+DEVIL'S CHALICE (_The_). A wealthy man gave a poor farmer a large sum
+of money on this condition: at the end of a twelvemonth he was either
+to say "of what the devil made his chalice," or else give his head to
+the devil. The poor farmer as the time came round, hid himself in the
+crossroads, and presently the witches assembled from all sides. Said
+one witch to another, "You know that Farmer So-and-so has sold his
+head to the devil, for he will never know of what the devil makes his
+chalice. In fact I don't know myself." "Don't you?" said the other;
+"why, of the parings of finger-nails trimmed on Sundays."--The farmer
+was overjoyed, and when the time came round was quite ready with his
+answer.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_, 71 (1877).
+
+DEVIL'S DYKE, BRIGHTON (_The_). One day, as St. Cuthman was walking
+over the South Downs, and thinking to himself how completely he had
+rescued the whole country from paganism, he was accosted by his sable
+majesty in person. "Ha, ha!" said the prince of darkness; "so you
+think by these churches and convents to put me and mine to your ban,
+do you? Poor fool! why, this very night will I swamp the whole land
+with the sea." "Forewarned is forearmed," thought St. Cuthman, and
+hies him to sister Celia, superior of a convent which then stood on
+the spot of the present Dyke House. "Sister," said the saint, "I love
+you well. This night, for the grace of God, keep lights burning at the
+convent windows from midnight to day-break, and let masses be said
+by the holy sisterhood." At sundown came the devil with pickaxe and
+spade, mattock: and shovel, and set to work in right good earnest to
+dig a dyke which should let the waters of the seas into the downs.
+"Fire and brim-stone!"--he exclaimed, as a sound of voices rose and
+fell in sacred song--"Fire and brim-stone! What's the matter with
+me?" Shoulders, feet, wrists, loins, all seemed paralyzed. Down went
+mattock and spade, pickaxe and shovel, and just at that moment the
+lights at the convent windows burst forth, and the cock, mistaking the
+blaze for daybreak, began to crow most lustily. Off flew the devil,
+and never again returned to complete his work. The small digging he
+effected still remains in witness of the truth of this legend of the
+"Devil's Dyke."
+
+DEVIL'S PARLIAMENT (_The_), the parliament assembled by Henry VI. at
+Conventry, 1459. So called because it passed attainders on the duke of
+York and his chief supporters.
+
+DEVIL SACRAMENT. This blasphemous rite whereby those who would
+practice witchcraft were initiated into the diabolical mysteries is
+described by Deodat Lawson in 1704.
+
+"At their cursed supper they were said to have red bread and red
+drink, and when they pressed an afflicted person to eat and drink
+thereof she turned away her head and spit at it, and said, 'I will
+not eat, I will not drink. It is blood.' ... Thus horribly doth Satan
+endeavor to have his kingdom and administrations to resemble those of
+our Lord Jesus Christ."--Deodat Lawson, _Christ's Fidelity the only
+Shield against Satan's Malignity_ (1704).
+
+DEVONSHIRE, according to historic fable, is a corruption of
+"Debon's-share." This Debon was one of the companions of Brute, the
+descendent of Aene'as. He chased the giant Coulin till he came to a
+pit eight leagues across. Trying to leap this chasm, the giant fell
+backwards and lost his life.
+
+  ... that ample pit, yet far renowned
+  For the great leap which Debon did compel
+  Coulin to make, being eight lugs of ground,
+  Into the which retourning back he fell ...
+  And Debon's share was that is Devonshire.
+
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 10 (1590).
+
+DE'VORGOIL (_Lady Jane_), a friend of the Hazlewood family.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DEWLAP (_Dick_), an anecdote teller, whose success depended more upon
+his physiognomy than his wit. His chin and his paunch were his most
+telling points.
+
+I found that the merit of his wit was founded upon the shaking of
+a fat paunch, and the tossing up of a pair of rosy jowls.--Richard
+Steele.
+
+DEXTER, (_Gregory_), the typical Successful Man who is first suitor,
+then the generous friend of Anne Douglas, in Constance Fennimore
+Woolson's _Anne_.
+
+  "A little indifference to outside opinion would
+  have made him a contented, as he was a successful
+  man. But there was a surface of personal
+  vanity over his better qualities which led him to
+  desire a tribute of universal liking." (1882).
+
+DHU (_Evan_) of Lochiel, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.
+
+_Mhich-Connel Dhu_. or M'Ilduy, a Highland chief in the army of
+Montrose.--
+
+Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+DHUL'DUL, the famous horse of Ali, son-in-law of Mahomet.
+
+DHU'L KARNEIN ("_the two-horned_,") a true believer according to the
+Mohammedan notion, who built the wall to prevent the incursions of Gog
+and Magog.--_Al Koran_, xviii.
+
+  Commentators say the wall was built in this
+  manner: The workman dug till they found
+  water; and having laid the foundation of stone
+  and melted brass, they built the superstructure
+  of large pieces of iron, between which they
+  packed wood and coal, till the whole equalled
+  the height of the mountains [_of Armenia_]. Then
+  setting fire to the combustibles, and by the use of
+  bellows, they made the iron red hot, and poured
+  molten brass over to fill up the interstices.
+
+--Al Beidawi.
+
+DHU'LNUN, the surname of Jonah.; so called because he was _swallowed
+by a fish_.
+
+Remember Dhu'lnun, when he departed in wrath, and thought that we
+could not exercise our power over him.--_Al Koran_, xxi.
+
+DIAFOIRUS (_Thomas_), son of Dr. Diafoirus. He is a young medical
+milksop, to whom Argan has promised his daughter Angelique in
+marriage. Diafoirus pays his compliments in cut-and-dried speeches,
+and on one occasion, being interrupted in his remarks, says, "Madame,
+vous m'avez interrompu dans le milieu de ma periode, et cela m'a
+trouble la memoire." His father says, "Thomas, reservez cela pour une
+autre fois." Angelique loves Cleante (2 _syl_.), and Thomas Diafoirus
+goes to the wall.
+
+Il n'a jamais eu l'imagination bien vive, ni ce feu d'esprit qu'on
+remarque dans quelques uns,.... Lorsqui'il etait petit, il n'a jamais
+ete ce qu'on appelle mievre et eveille; on le voyait toujours doux,
+paisible, et taciturne, ne disant jamais mot, et ne jouant jamais a
+tons ces petits jeux que l'on nomme enfantins.--Moliere, _Le Malade
+Imaginaire_, ii.6 (1673).
+
+DI'AMOND, one of three brothers, sons of the fairy Agape. Though very
+strong, he was slain in single fight by Cambalo. His brothers were
+Pri'amond and Tri'amond.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. (1596).
+
+DIAMOND JOUSTS, nine jousts instituted by Arthur, and so called
+because a diamond was the prize. These nine diamonds were all won by
+Sir Launcelot, who presented them to the queen, but Guinevere, in a
+tiff, flung them into the river which ran by the palace.--Tennyson,
+_Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine").
+
+DIAMOND SWORD, a magic sword given by the god Syren to the king of the
+Gold Mines.
+
+
+She gave him a sword made of one entire diamond, that gave as great
+lustre as the sun.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ ("The Yellow
+Dwarf," 1682).
+
+
+DIANA, the heroine and title, a pastoral of Montemayor, imitated from
+the _Daphnis_ and _Chloe_ of Longos (fourteenth century).
+
+_Dian'a_, daughter of the widow of Florence with whom Hel'ena lodged
+on her way to the shrine of St. Jacques le Grand. Count Bertram
+wantonly loved Diana, but the modest girl made this attachment the
+means of bringing about a reconciliation between Bertram and his wife
+Helena.--Shakespeare, _All's Well that Ends Well_ (1598).
+
+DIAN'A DE LASCOURS, daughter of Ralph and Louise de Lascours, and
+sister of Martha, _alias_ Ogari'la. Diana was betrothed to Horace de
+Brienne, whom she resigns to Martha.--E. Stirling, _The Orphan of the
+Frozen Sea_ (1856).
+
+DIAN'A THE INEXORABLE. (1) She slew Orion with one of her arrows, for
+daring to make love to her. (2) She changed Actaeon into a stag and set
+her own dogs on him to worry him to death, because he chanced to look
+upon her while bathing. (3) She shot with her arrows the six sons and
+six daughters of Niobe, because the fond mother said she was happier
+than Latona, who had only two children.
+
+  Dianae non movenda numina.
+
+Horace, _Epode_, xvii.
+
+DIANA THE SECOND OF SALMANTIN, a pastoral romance by Gil Polo.
+
+"We will preserve that book," said the cure, "as carefully as if
+Apollo himself had been its author."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i.
+6 (1605).
+
+DIANA _(the Temple of_), at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of
+antiquity, was set on fire by Herostratos to immortalize his name.
+
+DIANA OF THE STAGE, Mrs. Anne Brace-girdle (1663-1748).
+
+DIAN'A'S FORESTERS, "minions of the moon," "Diana's knights," etc.,
+highwaymen.
+
+  Marry, then, sweet wag, when thou art king,
+  let not us that are "squires of the night's body"
+  be called _thieves_ ... let us be "Diana's foresters,"
+  "Gentlemen of the shade," "minions of the
+  moon."--Shakespeare, I _Henry IV_. act i. sc. 2
+  (1597).
+
+DIANO'RA, wife of Gilberto of Friu'li, but amorously loved by Ansaldo.
+In order to rid herself of his importunities, she vowed never to yield
+to his suit till he could "make her garden at midwinter as gay with
+flowers as it was in summer" (meaning _never_). Ansaldo, by the aid of
+a magician, accomplished the appointed task; but when the lady told
+him that her husband insisted on her keeping her promise, Ansaldo, not
+to be outdone in generosity, declined to take advantage of his
+claim, and from that day forth was the firm and honorable friend of
+Gilberto.--Bocaccio, _Decameron_, x.5.
+
+The _Franklin's Tale_ of Chaucer is substantially the same story. (See
+DORIGEN).
+
+DIARMAID, noted for his "beauty spot," which he covered up with his
+cap; for if any woman chanced to see it, she would instantly fall in
+love with him.--Campbell, _Tales of the West Highlands_ ("Diarmaid and
+Grainne").
+
+DIAV'OLO (_Fra_), Michele Pezza, Insurgent of Calabria
+(1760-1806).--Auber, _Fra Diavolo_ (libretto by Scribe, 1836).
+
+DIBBLE (_Davie_), gardener at Monkbarns.--Sir W. Scott, _Antiquary_
+(time, George III.).
+
+_Dibu'tades_ (4 _syl_.), a potter of Sicyon, whose daughter traced on
+the wall her lover's shadow, cast there by the light of a lamp. This,
+it is said, is the origin of portrait painting. The father applied the
+same process to his pottery, and this, it is said, is the origin of
+sculpture in relief.
+
+
+Will the arts ever have a lovelier origin than that fair daughter of
+Dibutades tracing the beloved shadow on the wall!--Ouida, _Ariadne_,
+i. 6.
+
+
+DICAE'A, daughter of Jove, the "accusing angel" of classic mythology.
+
+  Forth stepped the just Dicaea, full of rage.
+
+  Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vi. (1633).
+
+DICCON THE BEDLAMITE, a half-mad mendicant, both knave and thief. A
+specimen of the metre will be seen by part of Diccon's speech:
+
+  Many amyle have I walked, divers and sundry waies,
+  And many a good man's house have I bin at in my dais;
+  Many a gossip's cup in my tyme have I tasted,
+  And many a broche and spyt have I both turned and basted ...
+  When I saw it booted nit, out at doores I hyed mee,
+  And caught a slyp of bacon when I saw none spyd mee
+  Which I intend not far hence, unless my purpose fayle,
+  Shall serve for a shooing home to draw on two pots of ale.
+
+  _Gammer Gurton's Needle_ (1575).
+
+DICIL'LA, one of Logistilla's handmaids, noted for her
+chastity.--Ariosto, _Orlanda Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DICK, ostler at the Seven Stars inn, York.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, Greorge II.).
+
+_Dick_, called "The Devil's Dick of Hellgarth;" a falconer and
+follower of the earl of Douglas.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_
+(time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Dick (Mr.)_, an amiable, half-witted man, devoted to David's "aunt,"
+Miss Betsey Trotwood, who thinks him a prodigious genius. Mr. Dick
+is especially mad on the subject of Charles I.--C. Dickens, _David
+Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DICK AMLET, the son of Mrs. Amlet, a rich, vulgar tradeswoman. Dick
+assumes the airs of a fine gentleman, and calls himself Colonel
+Shapely, in which character he gets introduced to Corinna, the
+daughter of Gripe, a rich scrivener. Just as he is about to elope, his
+mother makes her appearance, and the deceit is laid bare; but Mrs.
+Amlet promises to give her son L10,000, and so the wedding is
+adjusted. Dick is a regular scamp, and wholly without principle; but
+being a dashing young blade, with a handsome person, he is admired by
+the ladies.--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
+
+DICK SHAKEBAG, a highwayman in the gang of Captain Colepepper (the
+Alsatian bully).--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I).
+
+DICKSON (_Thomas_) farmer at Douglasdale.
+
+_Charles Dickson_, son of the above, killed in the church.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry I.).
+
+DICTA'TOR OF LETTERS, Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire, called the
+"Great Pan" (1694-1778).
+
+DICTIONARY (_A Living_). Wilhelm Leibnitz (1646-1716) was so called by
+George I.
+
+[Illustration] Longinus was called "The Living Cyclopaedia" (213-273).
+
+[Illustration] Daniel Huet, chief editor of the _Delphine Classics_,
+was called a _Porcus Literarum_ for his unlimited knowledge
+(1630-1721).
+
+DIDDLER (_Jeremy_), an artful swindler; a clever, seedy vagabond, who
+borrows money or obtains credit by his songs, witticisms, or other
+expedients.--Kenny, _Raising the Wind_.
+
+DIDERICK, the German form of Theodorick, king of the Goths. As Arthur
+is the centre of British romance, and Charlemagne of French romance,
+so Diderick is the central figure of the German minnesingers. DIDIER
+(_Henri_), the lover of Julie Les-urques (2 _syl_.); a gentleman in
+feeling and conduct, who remains loyal to his _fiancee_ through all
+her troubles.--Ed. Stirling, _The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+DIDO, _daughter of Belus, king of Tyre_. She bought "as much land in
+Africa as a bull's hide could cover," shred the hide into strings, and
+enclosed a large tract. AEneas was wrecked upon her coast, and a love
+affair ensued. He deserted her, and she killed herself after watching
+his ship until it was out of sight.
+
+DIE'GO, the sexton to Lopez the "Spanish curate."--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+_Die'go (Don)_, a man of 60, who saw a country maiden named Leonora,
+whom he liked, and intended to marry if her temper was as amiable as
+her face was pretty. He obtained leave of her parents to bring her
+home and place her under a duenna for three months, and then either
+return her to them spotless, or to make her his wife. At the
+expiration of the time, he went to settle the marriage contract; and,
+to make all things sure, locked up the house, giving the keys to
+Ursula, but to the outer door he attached a huge padlock, and put the
+key in his pocket. Leander, being in love with Leonora, laughed at
+locksmiths and duennas, and Diego (2 _syl_.), found them about to
+elope. Being a wise man, he not only consented to their union, but
+gave Leonora a handsome marriage portion.--I. Bickerstaff, _The
+Padlock._
+
+DIES IRAE. The name generally given from the opening words to a
+mediaeval hymn on the Last Judgment. The author is unknown, but the
+hymn is now generally ascribed to a monk of the Abruzzi, in Naples,
+Thomas de Celano, who died about 1255.
+
+  Dies irae, dies ilia
+  Sol vet sseclum in favilla
+  Teste David cum Sibylla.
+
+  That Day of Wrath, that dreadful day
+  When Heaven and Earth shall pass away,
+  So David and the Sibyl say.
+
+DIET OF PERFORMERS.
+
+BEAHAM sang on _bottled porter_.
+
+CATLEY _(Miss)_ took _linseed tea and madeira._
+
+COOKE _(G.F.)_ drank everything.
+
+HENDEESON, _gum arable and sherry_.
+
+INCLEDON sang on _madeira_.
+
+JOEDAN _(Mrs.)_ drank _calves'-foot jelly and sherry._
+
+KEAN _(C.)_ took _beef-tea_ for breakfast, and preferred a
+_rump-steak_ for dinner.
+
+KEAN _(Edm.)_ EMERY and REEVE drank _cold brandy-and-water._
+
+KEMBLE _(John)_ took _opium_.
+
+LEWIS, _mulled wine_ and _oysters_.
+
+MACEEADY used to eat the _lean of mutton-chops_ when he acted, and
+subsequently lived almost wholly on a vegetable diet.
+
+OXBERRY drank _tea_.
+
+RUSSELL _(Henry)_ took a _boiled egg_.
+
+SMITH (_W_.) drank _coffee_.
+
+WOOD (_Mrs_.) sang on _draught porter_.
+
+WEENCH and HAELEY took _no_ refreshment during a performance.--W. O.
+Russell, _Representative Actors_. 272.
+
+DIE'TRICH (2 _syl_.). So Theod'oric _The Great_ is called by the
+German minnesingers. In the terrible broil stirred up by Queen
+Kriemhild in the banquet hall of Etzel, Dietrich interfered, and
+succeeded in capturing Hagan and the Burgundian King Ghinther. These
+he handed over to the queen, praying her to set them free; but she
+cut off both their heads with her own hands.--_The Niebelungen Lied_
+(thirteenth century.)
+
+_Dietrich (John)_, a laborer's son of Pomerania. He spent twelve years
+under ground, where he met Elizabeth Krabbin, daughter of the minister
+of his own village, Rambin. One day, walking together, they heard a
+cock crow, and an irresistible desire came over both of them to visit
+the upper earth, John so frightened the elves by a toad, that they
+yielded to his wish, and gave him hoards of wealth, with part of which
+he bought half the island of Riigen. He married Elizabeth, and became
+founder of a very powerful family.--Keightley, _Fairy Mythology_. (See
+TANHAUSER.)
+
+DIETZ _(Bernard)._ Broad-shouldered giant who wears an air of deep and
+gentle repose, and comes like a benediction from heaven to the sick
+room of Count Hugo in Blanche Willis Howard's novel _The Open Door._
+He is a stone-mason who says with a genial laugh,
+
+"I hope if I'm lucky enough to get into the New Jerusalem they talk
+about, there'll still be a little building going on, for I shouldn't
+feel at home without a block of stone to clip."
+
+His grand simplicity and strong common sense medicine the morbid soul
+of the more nobly-born man. His argument against the suicide Hugo
+contemplates as an open door out of the world, surprises the listener
+profoundly.
+
+"You see, you can never destroy anything. You can only _seem_ to. The
+life in us--it doesn't ask us if we want to be born,--it doesn't ask
+us if we want to die. It is beyond us, and I don't believe it _can_ be
+destroyed" (1889).
+
+DIEU ET MON DROIT, the parole of Richard I. at the battle of Gisors
+(1198).
+
+DIGGERY, one of the house-servants at Strawberry Hall. Being
+stage-struck, he inoculates his fellow-servants (Cymon and Wat) with
+the same taste. In the same house is an heiress named Kitty Sprightly
+(a ward of Sir Gilbert Pumpkin), also stage-struck. Diggery's favorite
+character is "Alexander the Great," the son of "Almon." One day,
+playing _Romeo and Juliet_, he turns the oven into the balcony, but,
+being rung for, the girl acting "Juliet" is nearly roasted alive. (See
+DIGGORY.)--J. Jackman, _All the World's a Stage_.
+
+DIGGES (_Miss Maria_), a friend of Lady Penfeather; a visitor at the
+Spa.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+DIGGON [DAVIE], a shepherd in the _Shephearde's Calendar_, by Spenser.
+He tells Hobbinol that he drove his sheep into foreign lands, hoping
+to find better pasture; but he was amazed at the luxury and profligacy
+of the shepherds whom he saw there, and the wretched condition of the
+flocks. He refers to the Roman Catholic clergy, and their abandoned
+mode of life. Diggon also tells Hobbinol a long story about Roffynn
+(_the bishop of Rochester_) and his watchful dog Lauder catching a
+wolf in sheep's clothing in the fold.--_Ecl_. ix. (September, 1572 or
+1578).
+
+DIGGORY, a barn laborer, employed on state occasions for butler and
+footman by Mr. and Mrs. Hardcastle. He is both awkward and familiar,
+laughs at his master's jokes and talks to his master's guests while
+serving. (See DIGGERY.)--Goldsmith, _She Stoops to Conquer_. (1773).
+
+_Diggory_ (_Father_), one of the monks of St. Botolph's Priory.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+DIMANCHE, (_Mons_.), a dun. Mons. Dimanche, a tradesman, applies to
+Don Juan for money. Don Juan treats him with all imaginable courtesy,
+but every time he attempts to revert to business interrupts him with
+some such question as, _Comment se porte Madame Dimanche?_ or _Et
+votre petite fille Claudine comment se porte-t-ell?_ or _Le petit
+Colin fait-il toujours bien du bruit avec son tambour?_ or _Et votre
+petit chien Brusquet, gronde-t-il toujours aussi fort_ ...? and, after
+a time, he says he is very sorry, but he must say good-bye for the
+present, and he leaves Mons. without his once stating the object of
+his call. (See SHUFFLETON.) Moliere, _Don Juan_ (1665).
+
+DIMMESDALE _(Arthur)._ Master Prynne, an English physician living in
+Amsterdam, having determined to join the Massachusetts Colony, sent
+his young wife Hester before him to await his coming. He was detained
+two years, and on reaching Boston, the first sight that met his eyes
+was his wife standing in the pillory with a young babe in her arms and
+with the letter A, the mark of her shame, embroidered in scarlet
+on her breast. A young clergyman, the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale,
+regarded by all the people as a saint, too good for earth, was
+earnestly exhorting her to declare the name of the child's father, but
+she steadfastly refused, and was sent back to prison. Prynne who had
+heard in Amsterdam rumors of his wife's infidelity, both to discover
+her betrayer and to hide his own relation to his wife, had taken the
+name of Roger Chillingworth, and with eyes sharpened by jealousy and
+wounded pride, soon discovered that his wife's lover was no other than
+Dimmesdale himself. As a physician and under the guise of friendship
+he attached himself to the minister, and pursued his ghastly search
+for the secret cause that was eating away his life. How it all ended
+is shown in that wonderful book where, as in a Greek drama, the fates
+of Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, and the
+love-child, Little Pearl, are traced in lines of fire.--Nathaniel
+Hawthorne, _The Scarlet Letter_.
+
+DINANT', a gentleman who once loved and still pretends to love Lamira.
+the wife of Champernel.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Little French
+Lawyer_ (1647).
+
+DINARZA'DE (_4 syl_.), sister of Scheherazade, Sultana of Persia.
+Dinarzade was instructed by her sister to wake her every morning an
+hour before daybreak, and say, "Sister, relate to me one of those
+delightful stories you know," or "Finish before daybreak the story
+you began yesterday." The sultan got interested in these tales, and
+revoked the cruel determination he had made of strangling at daybreak
+the wife he had married the preceeding night. (See SCHEHERAZADE.)
+
+DINAS EMRYS, or "Fort of Ambrose" (_i.e._ Merlin), on the Brith,
+a part of Snowdon. When Vortigern built this fort, whatever was
+constructed during the day was swallowed up in the earth during the
+night. Merlin (then called Ambrose or Embres-Guletic) discovered the
+cause to be "two serpents at the bottom of a pool below the foundation
+of the works." These serpents were incessantly struggling with each
+other; one was white, and the other red. The white serpent at first
+prevaled, but ultimately the red one chased the other out of the pool.
+The red serpent, he said, meant the Britons, and the white one the
+Saxons. At first the Saxons (or _white serpent_) prevailed, but in the
+end "our people" _the red serpent_ "shall chase the Saxon race beyond
+the sea."--Nennius, _History of the Britons_ (842).
+
+  And from the top of Brith, so high and wondrous
+  steep
+  Where Dinas Emris stood, showed where
+  the serpents fought
+  The white that tore the red, for whence the
+  prophet taught
+  The Britons' sad decay.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, x, (1612).
+
+DINE WITH DUKE HUMPHREY (_To_), to have no dinner to go to. The Duke
+referred to was the son of Henry IV., murdered at St. Edmundsbury, and
+buried at St. Alban's. It was generally thought that he was buried
+in the nave of St. Paul's Cathedral; but the monument supposed to be
+erected to the duke was in reality that of John Beauchamp. Loungers,
+who were asked if they were not going home to dinner, and those who
+tarried in St. Paul's after the general crowd had left, were supposed
+to be so busy looking for the duke's monument that they disregarded
+the dinner hour.
+
+DINER-OUT OF THE FIRST WATER, the Rev. Sidney Smith; so called by the
+_Quarterly Review_ (1769-1845).
+
+DINGLE (_Old Dick of the_), friend of Hobbie Elliott of the Heugh-foot
+farm.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DINGWALL (_Davie_), the attorney at Wolfe's Hope village.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time William III.).
+
+DINIAS AND DERCYLLIS (_The Wanderings, Adventures, and Loves of_), an
+old Greek novel, the basis of the romance of Antonius Diog'enes in
+twenty-four books and entitled _Incredible Things beyond Thule_ [_Ta
+HuperThoulen Apista_], a store-house from which subsequent writers
+have borrowed largely. The work is not extant, but Photius gives an
+outline of its contents.
+
+DINMONT (_Dandy, i.e._ Andrew), an eccentric and humorous store farmer
+at Charlie's Hope. He is called "The fighting Dinmont of Liddesdale."
+
+_Ailie Dinmont_, wife of Dandy Dinmont.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_
+(time George II.).
+
+[Illustration] This novel has been dramatized by Daniel Terry.
+
+DINNER BELL. Burke was so called from his custom of speaking so long
+as to interfere with the dinner of the members (1729-1797).
+
+DIOCLE'TIAN, the king and father of Erastus, who was placed under the
+charge of the "seven wise masters" (_Italian version_).
+
+In the _French_ version, the father is called
+"Dolop'athos."--_Sandabar's Parables_.
+
+DIOG'ENES, Greek cynic, who carried a lantern at noon, to search for
+an honest man.
+
+DIOG'ENES (4 _syl_.), the negro slave of the cynic philosopher Michael
+Agelestes (4 _syl_.).--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time,
+Rufus).
+
+DI'OMEDE (3 _syl_.), fed his horses on human flesh, and he was himself
+eaten by his horse, being thrown to it by Hercules.
+
+DION (_Lord_), father of Euphra'sia. Euphrasia is in love with
+Philaster, heir to the crown of Messi'na. Disguised as a page,
+Euphrasia assumes the name of Bellario and enters the service
+of Philaster.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies
+a-bleeding_ (1638).
+
+(There is considerable resemblance between "Euphrasia" and "Viola" in
+Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_, 1614).
+
+DIONAE'AN CAESAR, Julius Caesar, who claimed descent from Venus, called
+Dione from her mother. AEneas was son of _Venus_ and Anchises.
+
+  Ecce, Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum.
+
+  Virgil, _Eclogues_, ix. 47.
+
+DIO'NE (3 _syl_.), mother of Aphrodite (_Venus_), Zeus or Jove being
+the father. Venus herself is sometimes called Dione.
+
+  Oh, bear ... thy treasures to the green recess,
+  Where young Dione strays; with sweetest airs
+  Entice her forth to lend her angel form
+  For Beauty's honored image.
+
+  Akenside, _Pleasures of Imagination_, (1744).
+
+DIONYS'IA, wife of Cleon, governor of Tarsus. Pericles prince of Tyre
+commits to her charge his infant daughter Mari'na, supposed to be
+motherless. When her foster-child is fourteen years old, Dionysia, out
+of jealousy, employs a man to murder her, and the people of Tarsus,
+hearing thereof, set fire to her house, and both Dionysia and Cleon
+are burnt to death in the flames,--Shakespeare, _Pericles, Prince of
+Tyre_ (1608).
+
+DIONYS'IUS, tyrant of Syracuse, dethroned Evander, and imprisoned him
+in a dungeon deep in a huge rock, intending to starve him to death.
+But Euphrasia, having gained access to him, fed him from her own
+breast. Timoleon invaded Syracuse, and Dionysius, seeking safety in a
+tomb, saw there Evander the deposed king, and was about to kill him,
+when Euphrasia rushed forward, struck the tyrant to the heart, and he
+fell dead at her feet.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).
+
+[Illustration] In this tragedy there are several gross historical
+errors. In act i. the author tells us it was Dionysius the Elder who
+was dethroned, and went in exile to Corinth; but the elder Dionysius
+died in Syracuse, at the age of 63, and it was the _younger_ Dionysius
+who was dethroned by Timoleon, and went to Corinth. In act v. he makes
+Euphrasia kill the tyrant in Syracuse, whereas he was allowed to leave
+Sicily, and retired to Corinth, where he spent his time in riotous
+living, etc.
+
+_Dionys'ius_ [THE ELDER] was appointed sole general of the Syracusan
+army, and then king by the voice of the senate. Damon "the
+Pythagorean" opposed the appointment, and even tried to stab "the
+tyrant," but was arrested and condemned to death. The incidents
+whereby he was saved are to be found under the article DA'MON (q.v.).
+
+_Damon and Pythias_, a drama by R. Edwards (1571), and another by John
+Banim, in 1825.
+
+_Dionys'ius_ [THE YOUNGER], being banished from Syracuse, went to
+Corinth and turned schoolmaster.
+
+  Corinth's pedagogue hath now
+  Transferred his byword _[tyrant]_ to thy brow.
+
+  Byron, _Ode to Napoleon_.
+
+DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE was one of the judges of the Areopagite when
+St. Paul appeared before this tribunal. Certain writings, fabricated
+by the neo-platonicians in the fifth century, were falsely ascribed
+to him. The _Isido'rian Decretals_ is a somewhat similar forgery by
+Mentz, who lived in the ninth century, or three hundred years after
+Isidore.
+
+  The error of those doctrines so vicious
+  Of the old Areopagite Dionysius.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+DIOSCU'RI _(sons of Zeus_), Castor and Pollux. Generally, but
+incorrectly, accented on the second syllable.
+
+DIOTI'MA, the priestess of Mantineia in Plato's _Symposium_, the
+teacher of Soc'rates. Her opinions on life, its nature, origin, end,
+and aim, form the nucleus of the dialogue. Socrates died of hemlock.
+
+  Beneath an emerald plane
+  Sits Diotima, teaching him that died
+  Of Hemlock.
+
+Tennyson, _The Princess_, iii.
+
+DIPLOMATISTS _(Prince of_), Charles Maurice Talleyrand de Perigord
+(1754-1838).
+
+DIPSAS, a serpent, so called because those bitten by it suffered from
+intolerable thirst. (Greek, _dipsa_, "thirst.") Milton refers to it in
+_Paradise Lost_, x. 526 (1665).
+
+DIPSODES (2 _syl_.), the people of Dipsody, ruled over by King
+Anarchus, and subjugated by Prince Pantag'ruel (bk. ii. 28).
+Pantagruel afterwards colonized their country with nine thousand
+million men from Utopia (or to speak more exactly, 9,876,543,210 men),
+besides women, children, workmen, professors, and peasant-laborers
+(bk. iii. I).--Rabelais, _Pantag'ruel_ (1545).
+
+DIP'SODY, the country of the Dipsodes (2 _syl), q.v._
+
+DIRCAE'AN SWAN, Pindar; so called from Dirce, a fountain in the
+neighborhood of Thebes, the poet's birthplace (B.C. 518-442.)
+
+DIRLOS or D'YRLOS (_Count_), a paladin, the embodiment of valor,
+generosity, and truth. He was sent by Charlemagne to the East, where
+he conquered Aliar'de, a Moorish prince. On his return, he found his
+young wife betrothed to Celi'nos (another of Charlemagne's peers).
+The matter was put right by the king, who gave a grand feast on the
+occasion.
+
+DISASTROUS PEACE (_The_), the peace signed at Cateau-Cambresis, by
+which Henri II. renounced all claim to Gen'oa, Naples, Mil'an, and
+Corsica (1559).
+
+DIS'MAS, the penitent thief; Gesmas the impenitent one.
+
+DISTAFFI'NA, the troth-plight wife of General Bombastes; but
+Artaxaminous, king of Utopia, promised her "half a crown" if she
+would forsake the general for himself--a temptation too great to be
+resisted. When the general found himself jilted, he retired from the
+world, hung up his boots on the branch of a tree, and dared any one to
+remove them. The king cut the boots down, and the general cut the king
+down. Fusbos, coming up at this crisis, laid the general prostrate.
+At the close of the burlesque all the dead men jump up and join the
+dance, promising "to die again to-morrow," if the audience desire
+it.--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_ (1790.)
+
+  Falling on one knee, he put both hands on
+  his heart and rolled up his eyes, much after the
+  manner of Bombastes Furioso making love to
+  Distaffina.--E. Sargent.
+
+DISTRESSED MOTHER (_The_), a tragedy by Ambrose Philips (1712). The
+"distressed mother" is Androm'ache, the widow of Hector. At the fall
+of Troy she and her son Asty'anax fell to the lot of Pyrrhus, king of
+Epirus, Pyrrhus fell in love with her and wished to marry her, but she
+refused him. At length an embassy from Greece, headed by Orestes, son
+of Agamemnon, was sent to Epirus to demand the death of Astyanax, lest
+in manhood he might seek to avenge his father's death. Pyrrhus told
+Andromache he would protect her son, and defy all Greece, if she would
+consent to marry him; and she yielded. While the marriage rites were
+going on, the Greek ambassadors fell on Pyrrhus and murdered him. As
+he fell he placed the crown on the head of Andromache, who thus became
+queen of Epirus, and the Greeks hastened to their ships in flight.
+This play is an English adaptation of Racine's _Andromaque_ (1667).
+
+Ditchley _(Gaffer)_, one of the miners employed by Sir Geoffrey
+Peveril.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DITHYRAMBIC POETRY _(Father of_), Arion of Lesbos (fl. B.C. 625).
+
+DITTON _(Thomas)_ footman of the Rev. Mr. Staunton, of Willingham
+Rectory.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DIVAN _(The)_, the supreme council and court of justice of the
+caliphs. The abbassides always sat in person in this court to aid
+in the redress of wrongs. It was called "a divan" from the benches
+covered with cushions on which the members sat.--D'Herbelot,
+_Bibliotheque Orientate_, 298.
+
+DIVE _[deev]_, a demon in Persian mythology. In the mogul's palace at
+Lahore, there used to be several pictures of these dives (1 _syl_),
+with long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair, great fangs, ugly paws,
+long tails, and other horrible deformities.
+
+DI'VER (_Colonel_), editor of the _New York Rowdy Journal_, in
+America. His air was that of a man oppressed by a sense of his own
+greatness, and his physiognomy was a map of cunning and conceit.--C.
+Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844.)
+
+DI'VES (2 _syl_.), the name popularly given to the "rich man" in
+our Lord's parable of the rich man and Lazarus; in Latin, _Dives et
+Lazarus_.--_Luke_ xvi.
+
+DIVI'NA COMME'DIA, the first poem of note ever written in the Italian
+language. It is an epic by Dante' Alighie'ri, and is divided into
+three parts: Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante' called it a
+_comedy_, because the ending is happy; and his countrymen added the
+word _divine_ from admiration of the poem. The poet depicts a vision,
+in which he is conducted, first by Virgil (_human reason_,) through
+hell and purgatory; and then by Beatrice (_revelation_), and finally
+by St. Bernard, through the several heavens, where he beholds the
+Triune God.
+
+"Hell," is represented as a funnel-shaped hollow, formed of gradually
+contracting circles, the lowest and smallest of which is the earth's
+centre. (See INFERNO, 1300).
+
+"Purgatory" is a mountain rising solitarily from the ocean on that
+side of the earth which is opposite to us. It is divided into
+terraces, and its top is the terrestrial paradise. (See PURGATORY,
+1308).
+
+From this "top" the poet ascends through the seven planetary heavens,
+the fixed stars, and the "primum mobile" to the empyre'an or seat of
+God. (See PARADISE, 1311).
+
+DIVINE (_The_), St. John the evangelist, called "John the Divine."
+
+Raphael, the painter, was called _Il Divino_ (1483-1520).
+
+Luis Morales, a Spanish painter, was called _El Divino_ (1509-1586).
+
+Ferdinand de Herre'ra, a Spanish poet (1516-1595).
+
+DIVINE DOCTOR _(The)_, Jean de Ruysbroek, the mystic (1294-1381).
+
+DIVINE SPEAKER _(The)_ Tyr'tamos, usually known as Theophrastos
+("divine speaker"), was so called by Aristotle (B.C. 370-287).
+
+DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS. The dogma that _Kings can do no wrong_ is based
+on a dictum of Hincmar Archbishop of Rheims, viz., that kings are
+subject to no man so long as they rule by God's law.--_Hincmar's
+Works_, i. 693.
+
+DIVINING ROD, a forked branch of hazel suspended between the balls
+of the thumbs. The inclination of this rod indicates the presence of
+water-springs and precious metals.
+
+  Now to rivulets from the mountains
+  Point the rods of fortune-tellers.
+
+Longfellow, _Drinking Song_.
+
+[Illustration] Jacques Aymar of Crole was the most famous of all
+diviners. He lived in the latter half of the seventeenth century and
+the beginning of the eighteenth. His marvellous faculty attracted the
+attention of Europe. M. Chauvin, M.D., and M. Garnier, M.D., published
+carefully written accounts of his wonderful powers, and both were
+eye-witnesses thereof.--See S. Baring-Gould, _Myths of the Middle
+Ages_.
+
+DIVINITY. There are four professors of divinity at Cambridge, and
+three at Oxford. Those at _Cambridge_ are the Hul'sean, the Margaret,
+the Norrisian, and the Regius. Those at _Oxford_ are the Margaret, the
+Regius, and one for Ecclesiastical History.
+
+DIVI'NO LODOV'ICO, Ariosto, author of _Orlando Furioso_ (1474-1533).
+
+DIXIE'S LAND, the land of milk and honey to American negroes. Dixie
+was a slave-holder of Manhattan Island, who removed his slaves to the
+Southern States, where they had to work harder and fare worse; so
+that they were always sighing for their old home, which they called
+"Dixie's Land." Imagination and distance soon advanced this island
+into a sort of Delectable Country or land of Beulah.
+
+This is but one of many explanations given of the origin of a phrase
+that, during the Civil War (1861-1865) came to be applied to the
+Seceding States. The song "Dixie's Land" was supposed to be sung by
+exiles from the region south of Mason and Dixon's line.
+
+  "Away down South in Dixie,
+  I wish I were in Dixie,
+  In Dixie's Land
+  I'd take my stand
+  To live and die in Dixie."
+
+DIXON, servant to Mr. Richard Vere (1 _syl._).--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+DIZZY, a nickname of Benjamin Disraeli, earl of Beaconsfield
+(1804-1881).
+
+DJA'BAL, son of Youssof, a sheikh, and saved by Maae'ni, in the great
+massacre of the sheikhs by the Knights Hospitallers in the Spo'rades.
+He resolves to avenge this massacre, and gives out that he is Hakeem',
+the incarnate god, their founder, returned to earth to avenge their
+wrongs and lead them back to Syria. His imposture being discovered, he
+kills himself, but Loys _[Lo'.iss]_, a young Breton count, leads the
+exiles back to Lebanon. Djabal is Hakeem, the incarnate Dread, The
+phantasm khalif, king of Prodigies.
+
+Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_, i.
+
+DOBBIN _(Captain_, afterwards _Colonel_), son of Sir William Dobbin,
+a London tradesman. Uncouth, awkward, and tall, with huge feet;
+but faithful and loving, with a large heart and most delicate
+appreciation. He is a prince of a fellow, is proud and fond of Captain
+George Osborne from boyhood to death, and adores Amelia, George's
+wife. When she has been a widow for some ten years, he marries
+her.--Thackeray, _Vanity Fair_ (1848).
+
+DOBBS'S HORSE, Charley Dobbs, setting off to California, gives his
+best friend Theophilus an order for "a good sound family horse, not
+young, but the safer for all that," that had once belonged to his
+mother. He is boarding the creature on a farm in Westchester County,
+and his friend is welcome to the use of him.
+
+Dobbs's Horse is the skeleton in the household in many a sense of the
+word. He refuses to be fattened: he balks; he has colic and spasms; he
+lies down in harness; he impales himself upon a broken rail; he
+keels over upon the grass, whizzing like a capsized engine; he bites
+himself--and has driven the family to the verge of insanity when Dobbs
+returns and upon beholding the "noble old fellow," shouts that they
+have the wrong horse! "This is one I sold long ago for fifteen
+dollars!"--Mary Mapes Dodge, _Theophilus and Others_ (1876).
+
+DOBBINS _(Humphrey)_, the confidential servant of Sir Robert Bramble
+of Blackberry Hall, in the county of Kent. A blunt old retainer, most
+devoted to his master. Under a rough exterior he concealed a heart
+brimful of kindness, and so tender that a word would melt it.--George
+Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_ (1802).
+
+DOBU'NI, called _Bodu'ni_ by Dio; the people of Gloucestershire and
+Oxfordshire. Drayton refers to them in his _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DOCTOR (_The_), a romance by Souther. The doctor's name is Dove, and
+his horse "Nobbs."
+
+_Doctor_ (_The Admirable_), Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
+
+_The Angelic Doctor_, Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274), "fifth doctor of the
+Church."
+
+_The Authentic Doctor_, Geogory of Rimini (_-1357).
+
+_The Divine Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
+
+_The Dulcifluous Doctor_, Antonio Andreas, (_-1320).
+
+_The Ecstatic Doctor_, Jean Ruysbroek (1294-1381).
+
+_The Eloquent Doctor_, Peter Aureolus, archbishop of Aix (fourteenth
+century).
+
+_The Evangelical Doctor_, J. Wycliffe (1324-1384).
+
+_The Illuminated Doctor_, Raymond Lully (1235-1315), or _Most
+Enlightened Doctor_.
+
+_The Invincible Doctor_, William Occam (1276-1347).
+
+_The Irrefragable Doctor_, Alexander Hales (_-1245.)
+
+_The Mellifluous Doctor_, St. Bernard (1091-1153).
+
+_The Most Christian Doctor_, Jean de Gerson (1363-1429).
+
+_The Most Methodical Doctor_, John Bassol(_-1347).
+
+_The Most Profound Doctor_, AEgidius de Columna (_-1316).
+
+_The Most Resolute Doctor_, Durand de St. Pourcain (1267-1332).
+
+_The Perspicuous Doctor_, Walter Burley (fourteenth century).
+
+_The Profound Doctor_, Thomas Bradwardine (_-1349).
+
+_The Scholastic Doctor_, Anselm of Laon (1050-1117).
+
+_The Seraphic Doctor_, St. Bonaventura (1211-1274).
+
+_The Solemn Doctor_, Henry Goethals (1227-1293).
+
+_The Solid Doctor_, Richard Middleton (_-1304).
+
+_The Subtle Doctor_, Duns Scotus (1265-1308), or _Most Subtle Doctor_.
+
+_The Thorough Doctor_, William Varro (thirteenth century).
+
+_The Universal Doctor_, Alain de Lille (1114-1203); Thomas Aquinas,
+(1224-1274).
+
+_The Venerable Doctor_, William de Champeaux (_-1126).
+
+_The Well-founded Doctor_, AEgidius Romanus (_-1316).
+
+_The Wise Doctor_, John Herman Wessel (1409-1489).
+
+_The Wonderful Doctor_, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).
+
+DOCTOR'S TALE _(The)_, in Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, is the Roman
+story of Virginius given by Livy. This story is told in French in the
+_Roman de la Rose_, ii. 74, and by Gower in his _Confessio Amantis_,
+vii. It has furnished the subject of a host of tragedies: for example,
+in _French_, Mairet (1628); Leclerc (1645); Campestron (1683);
+Chabenon (1769); Laharpe (1786); Leblanc de Guillet (1786); Guiraud
+(1827); Latour St. Ybars (1845). In _Italian_, Alfieri (1784); in
+_German_, Lessing (1775); and in _English_, Knowles, (1829).
+
+DOCTOR'S WIFE _(The,)_ a novel by Miss Braddon, adapted from _Madam
+Bovary_, a French novel.
+
+DOCTORS OF THE CHURCH. The _Greek_ Church recognizes four doctors,
+viz., St. Athanasius, St. Basil, St. Gregory of Nyssa, and St. John
+Chrysostom. The _Latin_ Church recognizes St. Augustin, St. Jerome,
+St. Ambrose and St. Gregory _the Great_.
+
+DODGER _(The Artful_), the sobriquet of Jack Dawkins, an artful
+thievish young scamp, in the boy crew of Fagin the Jew villain.--C.
+Dickens, _Oliver Twist_, viii. (1837).
+
+DODINGTON, whom Thomson invokes in his _Summer_, is George Bubb
+Dodington, lord Melcomb-Regis, a British statesman. Churchill and Pope
+ridiculed him, while Hogarth introduced him in his picture called the
+"Orders of Periwigs."
+
+DOD'IPOL, _(Dr.)_, any man of weak intellect, a dotard. Hence the
+proverb, _Wise as Dr. Dodipoll_, meaning "_not wise at all._"
+
+DODON or rather DODOENS _(Rembert)_ a Dutch botanist (1517-1585),
+physician to the emperors Maximilian II. and Rudolph II. His works are
+_Frumentomm et Leguminum Historia; Florum Historia; Purgantium Radicum
+Herbarum Historia; Stirpium Historia_; all included under the general
+title of "The History of Plants."
+
+  "Of these most helpful herbs yet tell we but few,
+  To those unnumbered sorts, of simples here that grew,
+  Which justly to set down ee'n Dodon short doth fall."
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xiii. (1613)
+
+DO'DONA in (Epiros), famous for the most ancient oracle in Greece. The
+responses were made by an old woman called a _pigeon_, because the
+Greek word _pelioe_ means either old "women" or "pigeons." According
+to fable, Zeus, gave his daughter Thebe two black pigeons endowed with
+the gift of human speech: one flew into Libya, and gave the responses
+in the temple of Ammon: the other into Epiros, where it gave the
+responses in Dodona.
+
+We are told that the priestess of Dodona derived her answers from the
+cooing of the sacred doves, the rustling of the sacred trees, the
+bubbling of the sacred fountain and the tinkling of bells or pieces of
+metal suspended among the branches of the trees.
+
+  And Dodona's oak swang lonely,
+  Henceforth to the tempest only.
+
+Mrs. Browning, _Dead Pan_, 17.
+
+
+DODS (_Meg_), landlady of the Clachan or Mowbery Arms inn at St.
+Ronan's Old Town. The inn was once the manse, and Meg Dods reigned
+there despotically, but her wines were good and her cuisine excellent.
+This is one of the best low comic characters in the whole range of
+fiction.
+
+  She had hair of a brindled color, betwixt
+  black and grey, which was apt to escape in elf-locks
+  from under her mutch when she was thrown
+  into violent agitation; long skinny hands terminated
+  by stout talons, grey eyes, thin lips, a robust
+  person, a broad though fat chest, capital
+  wind, and a voice that could match a choir of
+  fishwomen.--Sir W. Scott. _St. Ronan's Well_, i
+  (time George III.).
+
+(So good a housewife was this eccentric landlady, that a cookery-book
+has been published bearing her name; the authoress is Mrs. Johnstone,
+a Scotchwoman.)
+
+DODSON, a young farmer, called upon by Death on his wedding day. Death
+told him he must quit his Susan and go with him. "With you!" the
+hapless husband cried; "young as I am and unprepared?" Death then told
+him he would not disturb him yet, but would call again after giving
+him three warnings. When he was 80 years of age, Death called again.
+"So soon returned!" old Dodson cried. "You know you promised me three
+warnings." Death then told him that as he was "lame and deaf and
+blind," he had received his three warnings.--Mrs. Thrale, [Piozzi],
+_The Three Warnings_.
+
+DODSON AND FOGG (Messrs.), two unprincipled lawyers, who undertake
+on their own speculation to bring an action against Mr. Pickwick for
+"breach of promise" and file accordingly the famous suit of "Bardell
+_v_. Pickwick."--C. Dickens, _The Pickwick Papers_ (1836).
+
+DOE _(John)_ and _Richard Roe_, the fictitious plaintiff and defendant
+in an action of ejectment. Men of straw.
+
+DOEG, Saul's herdsman, who told him that the priest Abim'elech.
+had supplied David with food; whereupon the king sent him to kill
+Abimelech, and Doeg slew priests to the number of four score and five
+(1 _Samuel_ xxii. 18). In pt. ii. of the satire called _Absalom and
+Achitophel_, Elkaneh Settle is called Doeg, because he "fell upon"
+Dryden with his pen, but was only a "herdsman or driver of asses."
+
+  Doeg, tho' without knowing how or why,
+  Made still a blundering kind of melody.
+  Let him rail on ...
+  But if he jumbles to one line of sense,
+  Indict him of a capital offense.
+
+Tate, _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+DOG _(Agrippa's)._ Cornelius Agrippa had a dog which was generally
+suspected of being a spirit incarnate.
+
+_Arthur's Dog_ "Cavall."
+
+_Dog of Belgrade_, the camp suttler, was named "Clumsey."
+
+_Lord Byron's Dog_, "Boatswain." It was buried in the garden of
+Newstead Abbey.
+
+_Dog of Catherine de Medicis_, "Phoebe," a lap dog.
+
+_Cuthullin's Dog_ was named "Luath," a swift-footed hound.
+
+_Dora's Dog_, "Jip."--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield._
+
+_Douglas's Dog_, "Luffra." _Lady of the Lake._
+
+_Erigone's Dog_ was "Moera." Erigone is the constellation _Virgo_, and
+Moera the star called _Canis_.
+
+_Eurytion's Dog_ (herdsman of Geryon), "Orthros." It had two heads.
+
+_Fingal's Dog_ was named "Bran."
+
+_Geryon's Dogs_. One was "Gargittos" and the other "Orthros." The
+latter was brother of Cerberos, but it had only two heads. Hercules
+killed both of Geryon's dogs.
+
+_Landseer's Dog_, "Brutus," introduced by the great animal painter in
+his picture called "The Invader of the Larder."
+
+_Llewellyn's Dog_ was named "Gelert;" it was a greyhound. (See
+GELERT).
+
+_Lord Lurgan's Dog_ was named, "Master M'Grath," from an orphan boy
+who reared it. This dog won three Waterloo cups, and was presented at
+court by the express desire of Queen Victoria, the very year it died.
+It was a sporting grey-hound (born 1866, died Christmas Day, 1871).
+
+_Maria's Dog_, "Silvio."--Sterne, _Sentimental Journey._
+
+_Dog of Montargis_. This was a dog named "Dragon," belonging to Aubri
+de Montdidier, a captain in the French army. Aubri was murdered in
+the forest of Bondy by his friend, Lieutenant Macaire, in the same
+regiment. After its master's death the dog showed such a strange
+aversion to Macaire, that suspicion was aroused against him. Some say
+he was pitted against the dog, and confessed the crime. Others say a
+sash was found on him, and the sword knot was recognized by Ursula as
+her own work and gift to Aubri. This Macaire then confessed the crime,
+and his accomplice, Lieutenant Landry, trying to escape, was seized by
+the dog and bitten to death. This story has been dramatized both in
+French and English.
+
+_Orion's Dogs_; one was named "Arctoph'onos" and the other
+"Pto-ophagos."
+
+_Punch's Dog_, "Toby."
+
+_Sir W. Scott's Dogs_. His deer-hound was "Maida." His jet-black
+greyhound was "Hamlet." He had also two Dandy Dinmont terriers.
+
+_Dog of the seven Sleepers_, "Katmir." It spoke with a human voice.
+
+In _Sleary's circus_, the performing dog is called "Merryleys."--C.
+Dickens, _Hard Times._
+
+(For Actaeon's fifty dogs, see _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_, 234).
+
+_Dog_. The famous _Mount St. Bernard_ dog which saved forty human
+beings, was named "Barry." The stuffed skin of this noble creature is
+preserved in the museum at Berne.
+
+_Dog (The)_, Diogenes the cynic (B.C. 412-323). When Alexander
+encountered him, the young Macedonian king introduced himself with
+the words, "I am Alexander, surnamed 'the Great.'" To which the
+philosopher replied, "And I am Diogenes, surnamed 'the Dog.'" The
+Athenians raised to his memory a pillar of Parian marble, surmounted
+with a dog, and bearing the following inscription:--
+
+  "Say, dog, what guard you in that tomb?"
+  A dog. "His name?" Diogenes. "From far?"
+
+  Sinope, "He who made a tub his home?"
+  The same; now dead, among the stars a star.
+
+_Dog (The Thracian)_, Zo'ilus the grammarian; so called for his
+snarling, captious criticisms on Homer, Plato, and Isocrates. He was
+contemporary with Philip of Macedon.
+
+_Dogs_. The two sisters of Zobei'de (3 _syl_.) were turned into little
+black dogs for casting Zobeide and "the prince" into the sea (See
+ZOBEIDE).
+
+DOGS OF WAR, Famine, Sword, and Fire:
+
+  Then should the warlike Harry, like himself,
+  Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels,
+  Leashed in like hounds, should Famine, Sword, and Fire
+  Crouch for employment.
+
+Shakespeare, _King Henry V_. I chorus (1599).
+
+DOG-HEADED TRIBES (of India), mentioned in the Italian romance of
+_Gueri'no Meschi'no._
+
+DOGBERRY AND VERGES, two ignorant conceited constables, who greatly
+mutilate their words. Dogberry calls "assembly" _dissembly_; "treason"
+he calls _perjury_; "calumny" he calls _burglary_; "condemnation"
+_redemption_; "respect," _suspect_. When Conrade says, "Away! you are
+an ass;" Dogberry tells the town clerk to write him down "an ass."
+"Masters," he says to the officials, "remember I am an ass." "Oh, that
+I had been writ down an ass!" (act. iv. sc. 2).--Shakespeare, _Much
+Ado About Nothing_ (1600.)
+
+DOGGET, wardour at the castle of Garde Doloureuse.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+DOGGET'S COAT AND BADGE, the great prize in the Thames rowing-match,
+given on the 1st of August every year. So called from Thomas Dogget,
+an actor of Drury Lane, who signalized the accession of George I.
+to the throne by giving annually a waterman's coat and badge to the
+winner of the race. The Fishmongers' company add a guinea to the
+prize.
+
+DOILEY _(Abraham)_, a citizen and retired slop-seller. He was a
+charity boy, wholly without education, but made L80,000 in trade,
+and is determined to have "a larned skollard for his son-in-law."
+He speaks of _jomtry_ [geometry], _joklate, jogrify, Al Mater,
+pinny-forty_, and _antikary doctors_; talks of _Scratchi_ [Gracchi],
+_Horsi_ [Horatii], a _study of horses_, and so on. Being resolved to
+judge between the rival scholarship of an Oxford pedant and a captain
+in the army, he gets both to speak Greek before him. Gradus, the
+scholar, quotes two lines of Greek, in which the _panta_ occurs four
+times. "Pantry!" cries the old slop-seller; "you can't impose upon me.
+I know _pantry_ is not Greek." The captain tries English fustian, and
+when Gradus maintained that the words are English, "Out upon you for
+a jackanapes," cries the old man; "as if I didn't know my own mother
+tongue!" and gives his verdict in favor of the captain.
+
+_Elizabeth Doiley_, daughter of the old slop-seller, in love with
+Captain Granger. She and her cousin Charlotte induce the Oxford
+scholar to dress like a _beau_ to please the ladies. By so doing he
+disgusts the old man, who exclaims, "Oh, that I should ever had been
+such a dolt as to take thee for a man of larnen'!" So the captain wins
+the race at a canter.--Mrs. Cowley, _Who's the Dupe_?
+
+DOLL COMMON, a young woman in league with Subtle the alchemist and
+Face his alley.--B. Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+Mrs. Pritchard [1711-1768] could pass from "Lady Macbeth" to "Doll
+Common."--Leigh Hunt.
+
+DOLL TEARSHEET, a "bona-roba." This virago is cast into prison with
+Dame Quickly (hostess of a tavern in Eastcheap), for the death of
+a man that they and Pistol had beaten.--Shakespeare, 2 _Henry IV_.
+(1598).
+
+DOLALLOLLA _(Queen)_, wife of King Arthur, very fond of stiff punch,
+but scorning "vulgar sips of brandy, gin, and rum." She is the enemy
+of Tom Thumb, and opposes his marriage with her daughter Huncamunca;
+but when Noodle announces that the red cow has devoured the pigmy
+giant-queller, she kills the messenger for his ill-tidings, and is
+herself killed by Frizaletta. Queen Dollalolla is jealous of the
+giantess Glundalca, at whom his majesty casts "sheep's eyes."--_Tom
+Thumb_, by Fielding the novelist (1730), altered by O'Hara, author of
+_Midas_ (1778).
+
+DOLLA MURREY, a character in Crabbe's _Borough_, who died playing
+cards.
+
+  "A vole! a vole!" she cried; "'tis fairly won."
+  This said, she gently with a single sigh
+  Died.
+
+Crabbe, _Borough_ (1810).
+
+DOLLY. The most bewitching of the Bohemian household described in
+Frances Hodgson Burnett's _Vagabondia_. Piquante, brave, sonsie, and
+loving, she bears and smiles through the hardships and vicissitudes of
+her lot until she loses (as she thinks) the love and trust of "Griff,"
+to whom she had been betrothed for years. Only his return and
+penitence save her from slipping out of a world that has few nobler
+women.
+
+DOLLY OF THE CHOP-HOUSE (Queen's Head Passage, Paternoster Row and
+Newgate Street, London.) Her celebrity arose from the excellency of
+her provisions, attendance, accommodation, and service. The name is
+that of the old cook of the establishment.
+
+  The broth reviving, and the bread was fair,
+  The small beer grateful and as pepper strong,
+  The beaf-steaks tender, and the pot-herbs young.
+
+DOLLY TRULL. Captain Macheath says she was "so taken up with stealing
+hearts, she left herself no time to steal anything else."--Gay, _The
+Beggar's Opera_, ii. I. (1727).
+
+DOLLY VARDEN, daughter of Gabriel Varden, locksmith. She was loved
+to distraction by Joe Willet, Hugh of the Maypole inn, and Simon
+Tappertit. Dolly dressed in the Watteau style, and was lively, pretty,
+and bewitching.--C. Dickens, _Barnaby Rudge_ (1841).
+
+DOL'ON, "a man of subtle wit and wicked mind," father of Guizor (groom
+of Pollente the Saracen, lord of "Parlous Bridge"). Sir Ar'tegal, with
+scant ceremony, knocks the life out of Guizor, for demanding of him
+"passage-penny" for crossing the bridge. Soon afterwards, Brit'omart
+and Talus rest in Dolon's castle for the night, and Dolon, mistaking
+Britomart for Sir Artegal, sets upon her in the middle of the night,
+but is overmastered. He now runs with his two surviving sons to the
+bridge, to prevent the passage of Britomart and Talus; but Britomart
+runs one of them through with her spear, and knocks the other into the
+river.--Spenser _Faery Queen_ v. 6 (1596).
+
+DOL'ON AND ULYSSES. Dolon undertook to enter the Greek camp and bring
+word back to Hector an exact account of everything. Accordingly he put
+on a wolf's skin and prowled about the camp on all fours. Ulysses saw
+through the disguise, and said to Diomed, "Yonder man is from the
+host ... we'll let him pass a few paces, and then pounce on him
+unexpectedly." They soon caught the fellow, and having "pumped" out
+of him all about the Trojan plans, and the arrival of Rhesus, Diomed
+smote him with his falchion on the mid-neck and slew him. This is the
+subject of bk. x. of the _Iliad_ and therefore this book is called
+"Dolonia" ("the deeds of Dolon" or "Dolophon'ia", "Dolon's murder").
+
+  Full of cunning, like Ulysses' whistle
+  When he allured poor Dolon.
+
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xiii. 105 (1824).
+
+DOLOPA'TOS, the Sicilian king, who placed his son Lucien under the
+charge of "seven wise masters." When grown to man's estate, Lucien's
+step-mother made improper advances to him, which he repulsed, and she
+accused him to the king of insulting her. By astrology the prince
+discovered that if he could tide over seven days his life would be
+saved; so the wise masters amused the king with seven tales, and the
+king relented. The prince himself then told a tale which embodied
+his own history; the eyes of the king were opened, and the queen was
+condemned to death.--_Sandabar's Parables_ (French version).
+
+DOMBEY (_Mr._), a purse-proud, self-contained London merchant, living
+on Portland place, Bryanstone Square, with offices in the City. His
+god was wealth; and his one ambition was to have a son, that the firm
+might be known as "Dombey and Son." When Paul was born, his ambition
+was attained, his whole heart was in the boy, and the loss of the
+mother was but a small matter. The boy's death turned his heart to
+stone, and he treated his daughter Florence not only with utter
+indifference, but as an actual interloper. Mr. Dombey married a second
+time, but his wife eloped with his manager, James Carker, and the
+proud spirit of the merchant was brought low.
+
+_Paul Dombey_, son of Mr. Dombey; a delicate, sensitive little boy,
+quite unequal to the great things expected of him. He was sent to
+Dr. Blimber's school, but soon gave way under the strain of school
+discipline. In his short life he won the love of all who knew him,
+and his sister Florence was especially attached to him. His death is
+beautifully told. During his last days he was haunted by the sea, and
+was always wondering what the wild waves were saying.
+
+_Florence Dombey_, Mr. Dombey's daughter; a pretty, amiable,
+motherless child, who incurred her father's hatred because she lived
+and throve while her younger brother Paul dwindled and died. Florence
+hungered to be loved, but her father had no love to bestow on her. She
+married Walter Gay, and when Mr. Dombey was broken in spirit by the
+elopement of his second wife, his grandchildren were the solace of his
+old age.--O. Dickens, _Dombey and Son_ (1846).
+
+DOM-DANIEL originally meant a public school for magic, established at
+Tunis; but what is generally understood by the word is that immense
+establishment, near Tunis, under the "roots of the ocean," established
+by Hal-il-Mau'graby, and completed by his son. There were four
+entrances to it, each of which had a staircase of 4000 steps; and
+magicians, gnomes, and sorcerers of every sort were expected to do
+homage there at least once a year to Zatanai [Satan]. Dom-Daniel was
+utterly destroyed by Prince Habed-il-Rouman, son of the Caliph of
+Syria.--_Continuation of the Arabian Nights_ "History of Maugraby."
+
+Southey has made the destruction of Dom-Daniel the subject of his
+_Thalaba_--in fact, Thalaba takes the office of Habed-il-Rouman; but
+the general incidents of the two tales have no other resemblance to
+each other.
+
+DOMESTIC POULTRY, in Dryden's _Hind and Panther_, mean the Roman
+Catholic clergy; so called from an establishment of priests in the
+private chapel of Whitehall. The nuns are termed "sister partlet with
+the hooded head" (1687).
+
+DOMINICK, the "Spanish fryar," a kind of ecclesiastical Falstaff. A
+most immoral, licentious Dominican, who for money would prostitute
+even the Church and Holy Scriptures. Dominick helped Lorenzo in his
+amour with Elvi'ra the wife of Gomez.
+
+  He is a huge, fat, religious gentleman ... big
+  enough to be a pope. His gills are as rosy as a
+  turkey-cock's. His big belly walks in state before
+  him, like a harbinger; and his gouty legs
+  come limping after it. Never was such a tun
+  of devotion seen.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_,
+  ii. 3 (1680).
+
+DOMINIE SAMPSON. His Christian name is Abel. He is the tutor at
+Ellangowan House, very poor, very modest, and crammed with Latin
+quotations. His contsant exclamation is "Prodigious!"
+
+Dominie Sampson is a poor, modest, humble scholar, who had won his
+way through the classics, but fallen to the leeward in the voyage of
+life.--Sir. W. Scott; _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DOM'INIQUE (3 _syl_), the gossiping old footman of the Franvals, who
+fancies himself quite fit to keep a secret. He is, however, a really
+faithful retainer of the family.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and Dumb_
+(1785).
+
+DOMITIAN A MARKSMAN. The emperor Domitian was so cunning a marksman,
+that if a boy at a good distance off held up his hand and stretched
+his fingers abroad, he could shoot through the spaces without touching
+the boy's hand or any one of his fingers. (See TELL, for many similar
+marksmen.)--Peacham, _Complete Gentleman_ (1627).
+
+DOMIZIA, a noble lady of Florence, greatly embittered against the
+republic for its base ingratitude to her two brothers, Porzio and
+Berto, whose death she hoped to revenge.
+
+  I am a daughter of the Traversari,
+  Sister of Porzio and Berto both ...
+  I knew that Florence, that could doubt their faith,
+  Must needs mistrust a stranger's; holding back
+  Reward from them, must hold back his reward.
+
+Robt. Browning, _Luria_, iii.
+
+DON ALPHONSO, son of a rich banker. In love with Victoria, the
+daughter of Don Scipio; but Victoria marries Don Fernando. Lorenza,
+who went by the name of Victoria for a time, and is the person Don
+Alphonso meant to marry, espouses Don Caesar.--O'Keefe, _Castle of
+Andalusia_.
+
+[Illustration] For other dons, see under the surname.
+
+DONACHA DHU NA DUNAIGH, the Highland robber near Roseneath.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DONALD, the Scotch steward of Mr. Mordent. Honest, plain-spoken,
+faithful, and unflinching in his duty.--Holcroft, _The Deserted
+Daughter_ (altered into _The Steward_).
+
+_Donald_, an old domestic of MacAulay, the Highland chief.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time Charles I.).
+
+DONALD OF THE HAMMER, son of the laird of Invernahyle of the West
+Highlands of Scotland. When Green Colin assassinated the laird and
+his household, the infant Donald was saved by his foster-nurse, and
+afterwards brought up by her husband, a blacksmith. He became so
+strong that he could work for hours with two fore-hammers, one in each
+hand, and was therefore called _Domuil nan Ord_. When he was 21 he
+marched with a few adherents against Green Colin, and slew him, by
+which means he recovered his paternal inheritance.
+
+  Donald of the smithy, the "son of the hammer"
+  Filled the banks of Lochawe with mourning and
+  clamor.
+
+  Quoted by Sir Walter Scott in _Tales of
+  a Grandfather_, i. 39.
+
+DONAR, same as THOR, the god of thunder among the ancient Teutons.
+
+DONATELLO, a young Italian whose marvellous resemblance to the Marble
+Faun of Praxiteles is the subject of jesting remark to three American
+friends.
+
+  "So full of animal life as he was, so joyous
+  in his deportment, so physically well-developed;
+  he made no impression of incompleteness, of
+  maimed or stinted, nature." Yet his friends
+  "habitually allowed for him, exacting no strict
+  obedience to conventional rules, and hardly noticing
+  his eccentricities enough to pardon them."
+
+He loves Miriam, an American student, and resents the persecution of
+her by a mysterious man--a nominal "model" who thrusts his presence
+upon her at all inconvenient times. One night as he comes between
+Donatello and Miriam as they lean on the parapet crowning the Tarpeian
+Rock, the Italian throws him over the precipice and kills him. From
+that moment, although he is not accused of the deed, the joyous faun
+becomes the haunted man.
+
+"Nothing will ever comfort me!" he says moodily to Miriam, when she
+would extenuate his crime. "I have a great weight here!" lifting her
+hand to his breast. Wild creatures, once his loved companions, shun
+him as he, in turn, shuns the face of man. He disappears from the
+story, hand-in-hand with Miriam, bound, it would seem, upon
+a penitential pilgrimage, or to begin a new life in another
+hemisphere.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The Marble Faun_ (1860).
+
+DONATION OF PEPIN. When Pepin conquered Ataulf (Adolphus), the
+exarchate of Ravenna fell into his hands. Pepin gave the pope both the
+ex-archate and the republic of Rome; and this munificent gift is the
+world-famous "Donation of Pepin," on which rested the whole fabric of
+the temporal power of the popes (A.D. 755). Victor Emmanuel, king of
+Italy, dispossessed the pope of his temporal sovereignty, and added
+the papal states to the united kingdom of Italy, over which he reigned
+(1870).
+
+DONDASCH', an Oriental giant, contemporary with Seth, to whose service
+he was attached. He needed no weapons, because he could destroy
+anything by his muscular force.
+
+DON'EGILD (3 _syl_.), the wicked mother of Alia, king of
+Northumberland. Hating Custance because she was a Christian, Donegild
+set her adrift with her infant son. When Alia returned from Scotland,
+and discovered this act of cruelty, he put his mother to death; then
+going to Rome on a pilgrimage, met his wife and child, who had been
+brought there a little time previously.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_
+("The Man of Law's Tale," 1388).
+
+DON'ET, the first grammar put into the hands of scholars. It was that
+of Dona'tus the grammarian, who taught in Rome in the fourth century,
+and was the preceptor of St. Jerome. When "Graunde Amour" was sent to
+study under Lady Gramer, she taught him, as he says:
+
+  First my donet, and then my accedence.
+
+S. Hawes, _The Pastime of Plesure_, v. (time Henry VII.).
+
+DONI'CA, only child of the lord of Ar'kinlow (an elderly man). Young
+Eb'erhard loved her, and the Finnish maiden was betrothed to him.
+Walking one evening by the lake, Donica heard the sound of the
+death-spectre, and fell lifeless in the arms of her lover. Presently
+the dead maiden received a supernatural vitality, but her cheeks were
+wan, her lips livid, her eyes lustreless, and her lap-dog howled when
+it saw her. Eberhard still resolved to marry her, and to church they
+went; but when he took Donica's hand into his own it was cold and
+clammy, the demon fled from her, and the body dropped a corpse at the
+feet of the bridegroom.--R. Southey, _Donica_ (a Finnish ballad).
+
+DONNERHU'GEL _(Rudolph)_, one of the Swiss deputies to Charles "the
+Bold," duke of Burgundy. He is cousin of the sons of Arnold Biederman
+the landamman of Unterwalden _(alias_ Count Arnold of Geierstein).
+
+_Theodore Donnerhugel_, uncle of Rudolph. He was page to the former
+Baron of Arnheim _[Arnhime]._--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geierstein_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+DO'NY, Florimel's dwarf.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. 5 and iv. 2
+(1590, 1596).
+
+DONZEL DEL FE'BO (_El_), _the knight of the sun_, a Spanish romance
+in _The Mirror of Knighthood_. He was "most excellently fair," and a
+"great wanderer;" hence he is alluded to as "that wandering knight so
+fair."
+
+DOO'LIN OF MAYENCE (2 _syl._), the hero and title of an old French
+romance of chivalry. He was ancestor of Ogier the Dane. His sword was
+called _Merveilleuse_ ("wonderful").
+
+DOOMSDAY SEDGWICK, William Sedgwick, a fanatical "prophet" during the
+Commonwealth. He pretended that the time of doomsday had been revealed
+to him in a vision; and, going into the garden of Sir Francis Bussell,
+he denounced a party of gentlemen playing at bowls, and bade them
+prepare for the day of doom, which was at hand.
+
+DOORM, an earl who tried to make Enid his handmaid, and "smote her on
+the cheek" because she would not welcome him. Whereupon her
+husband, Count Geraint, started up and slew the "russet-bearded
+earl."--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid.").
+
+DOOR-OPENER (_The_), Crates, the Theban; so called because he used to
+go round Athens early of a morning and rebuke the people for their
+late rising.
+
+DORA [SPENLOW], a pretty, warmhearted little doll of a woman, with no
+practical views of the duties of life or the value of money. She was
+the "child-wife" of David Copperfield, and loved to sit by him and
+hold his pens while he wrote. She died, and David then married Agnes
+Wickfield. Dora's great pet was a dog called "Jip," which died at the
+same time as its mistress.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_ (1849).
+
+DORA'DO (_El_), a land of exhaustless wealth; a golden illusion.
+Orella'na, lieutenant of Pizarro, asserted that he had discovered a
+"gold country" between the Orino'co and the Am'azon, in South America.
+Sir Walter Raleigh twice visited Gruia'na as the spot indicated, and
+published highly colored accounts of its enormous wealth.
+
+DORALI'CE (4 _syl_.) a lady beloved by Rodomont, but who married
+Mandricardo.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DOR'ALIS, the lady-love of Rodomont, king of Sarza or Algiers.
+She eloped with Mandricardo, king of Tartary.--Bojardo, _Orlando
+Innamorato_ (1495), and Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
+
+DORANTE (2 _syl_.), a name introduced into three of Moliere's
+comedies. In _Les Facheux_ he is a courtier devoted to the chase
+(1661). In _La Critique de l'ecole des Femmes_ he is a chevalier
+(1602). In _Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme_ he is a count in love with the
+marchioness Doremene (1670).
+
+DARAS'TUS AND FAUNIA, the hero and heroine of a popular romance by
+Robert Greene, published in 1588, under the title of _Pandosto and the
+Triumph of Time_. On this "history" Shakespeare founded his _Winter's
+Tale_.
+
+DORAX, the assumed name of Don Alonzo of Alcazar, when he deserted
+Sebastian, king of Portugal, turned renegade, and joined the emperor
+of Barbary. The cause of his desertion was that Sebastian gave to
+Henri'quez the lady betrothed to Alonzo. Her name was Violante (4
+_syl._) The quarrel between Sebastian and Dorax is a masterly copy
+of the quarrel and reconciliation between Brutus and Cassius in
+Shakespeare's _Julius Caesar_.
+
+Sebastian says to Dorax, "Confess, proud spirit, that better he
+_[Henriquez]_ deserved my love than thou." To this Dorax replies:
+
+  I must grant,
+  Yes, I must grant, but with a swelling soul,
+  Henriquez had your love with more desert;
+  For you he fought and died; I fought against you.
+
+Drayton, _Don Sebastian_ (1690).
+
+DORCAS, servant to Squire Ingoldsby.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_
+(time, George III.).
+
+_Dorcas_, an old domestic at Cumnor Place.--_Kenilworth_ (time,
+Elizabeth).
+
+DORIA D'ISTRIA, a pseudonym of the Princess Koltzoff-Massalsky, a
+Wallachian authoress (1829-).
+
+Arthur Donnithorn: Young Squire who seduces Hetty Sorrel in George
+Eliot's novel of _Adam Bede_.
+
+DORICOURT, the _fiance_ of Letitia Hardy. A man of the world and the
+rage of the London season, he is, however, both a gentleman and a
+man of honor. He had made the "grand tour," and considered English
+beauties insipid.--Mrs. Cowley, _The Belle's Stratagem_, (1780).
+
+  Montague Talbot [1778-1831].
+  He reigns o'er comedy supreme..
+  None show for light and airy sport,
+  So exquisite a Doricourt.
+
+Crofton Croaker.
+
+DO'RIDON, a beautiful swain, nature's "chiefest work," more beautiful
+than Narcissus, Ganymede, or Adonis.--Wm. Browne, _Britannia's
+Pastorals_ (1613).
+
+DO'RIGEN, a lady of high family, who married Arvir'agus out of pity
+for his love and meekness. Aurelius sought to entice her away, but
+she said she would never listen to his suit till on the British coast
+"there n'is no stone y-seen." Aurelius by magic caused all the stones
+to disappear, and when Dorigen went and said that her husband insisted
+on her keeping her word, Aurelius, seeing her dejection, replied,
+he would sooner die than injure so true a wife and noble a
+gentleman.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
+
+(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and
+Gilberto_, x. 6. See Dianora.)
+
+DOR'IMANT, a genteel, witty libertine. The original of this character
+was the Earl of Rochester--G. Etherege, _The Man of Mode_ or _Sir
+Fopling Flutter_ (1676).
+
+The Dorimants and the Lady Touchwoods, in their own sphere, do not
+offend my moral sense; in fact, they do not appeal to it at all.--C.
+Lamb.
+
+(The "Lady Touchwood" in Congreve's _Double Dealer_, not the "Lady
+Francis Touchwood" in Mrs. Cowley's _Belle's Strategem_, which is
+quite another character.)
+
+DOR'IMENE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Alcantor, beloved by Sganarelle (3
+_syl_.) and Lycaste (2 _syl_.). She loved "le jeu, les visites, les
+assembles, les cadeaux, et les promenades, en un mot toutes les choses
+de plasir," and wished to marry to get free from the trammels of her
+home. She says to Sganarelle (a man of 63), whom she promises to
+marry, "Nous n'aurons jamais aucun demele ensemble; et je ne vous
+contraindrai point dans vos actions, comme j'espere que vous ne me
+contraindrez point dans les miennes."--Moliere, _Le Mariage Force_
+(1664).
+
+(She had been introduced previously as the wife of Sganarelle, in the
+Comedy of _Le Cocu Iniaginaire_, 1660).
+
+_Dorimene_, the marchioness, in the _Bourgeois Gentilhomme_, by
+Moliere (1670).
+
+DORIN'DA, the charming daughter of Lady Bountiful; in love with
+Aimwell. She was sprightly and light-hearted, but good and virtuous
+also.--George Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707).
+
+_Dorinda_. The rustic maiden, slow and sweet in ungrammatical speech,
+who helps plant corn by day, and makes picturesque the interior of the
+cabin in the glare of "lightwood" torches by night; turns men's heads
+and wins children's hearts in Charles Egbert Craddock's tale, _The
+Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains_, (1885).
+
+DORINE' (2 _syl_.), attendant of Mariane (daughter of Orgon). She
+ridicules the folly of the family, but serves it faithfully. Moliere,
+_Le Tartuffe_ (1664).
+
+DORLA _(St. John_). A New York girl of great beauty and tender
+conscience, who is beguiled into marrying a country lawyer because
+she thinks he is dying for love of her. Having left out of sight the
+possibility that a loveless union leaves room for the entrance of a
+real passion, she is appalled at finding that she has slipped into an
+attachment to _A Perfect Adonis_, who has principle enough to leave
+her when he discovers the state of his own affections. Finding her a
+widow on his return to America, he presses his suit, and finds a rival
+in her only child, a spoiled baby of five or six years. Overcoming
+this obstacle, he weds the mother.--Miriam Coles Harris, _A Perfect
+Adonis_ (1875).
+
+D'ORME'O, prime minister of Victor, Amade'us (4 _syl_), and also of
+his son and successor Charles Emmanuel, king of Sardinia. He took his
+color from the king he served; hence under the tortuous, deceitful
+Victor, his policy was marked with crude rascality and duplicity;
+but under the truthful, single-minded Charles Emmanuel, he became
+straightforward and honest.--R. Browning, _King Victor and King
+Charles, etc_.
+
+DORMER _(Captain)_, benevolent, truthful, and courageous, candid and
+warmhearted. He was engaged to Louisa Travers; but the lady was told
+that he was false and had married another, so she gave her hand to
+Lord Davenant.
+
+_Marianne Dormer_, sister of the captain. She married Lord Davenant,
+who called himself Mr. Brooke; but he forsook her in three months,
+giving out that he was dead. Marianne, supposing herself to be a
+widow, married his lordship's son.--Cumberland, _The Mysterious
+Husband_ (1783).
+
+_Dormer (Caroline)_, the orphan daughter of a London merchant, who was
+once very wealthy, but became bankrupt and died, leaving his daughter
+L200 a year. This annuity, however, she loses through the knavery of
+her man of business. When reduced to penury, her old lover, Henry
+Morland (supposed to have perished at sea), makes his appearance and
+marries her, by which she becomes the Lady Duberly.--G. Coleman, _The
+Heir-at-Law_ (1797).
+
+DORNTON _(Mr.)_, a great banker, who adores his son Harry. He tries
+to be stern with him when he sees him going the road to ruin, but is
+melted by a kind word.
+
+Joseph Mnnden [1758-1832] was the original representative of "Old
+Dornton" and a host of other characters.--_Memoir_ (1832.)
+
+
+_Harry Dornton_, son of the above. A noble-hearted fellow, spoilt by
+over-indulgence. He becomes a regular rake, loses money at Newmarket,
+and goes post-speed the road to ruin, led on by Jack Milford. So great
+is his extravagance, that his father becomes a bankrupt; but Sulky
+(his partner in the bank) comes to the rescue. Harry marries Sophia
+Freelove, and both father and son are saved from ruin.--Holcroft, _The
+Road to Euin_ (1792).
+
+DOROTHE'A, of Andalusi'a, daughter of Cleonardo (an opulent vassal of
+the Duke Ricardo). She was married to Don Fernando, the duke's
+younger son, who deserted her for Lucinda (the daughter of an opulent
+gentlemen), engaged to Cardenio, her equal in rank and fortune. When
+the wedding day arrived, Lucinda fell into a swoon, a letter informed
+the bridegroom that she was already married to Cardenio, and next day
+she took refuge in a convent. Dorothea also left her home, dressed in
+boy's clothes, and concealed herself in the Sierra Morena or Brown
+Mountain. Now, it so happened that Dorothea, Cardenio, and Don
+Quixote's party happened to be staying at the Crescent inn, and Don
+Fernando, who had abducted Lucinda from the convent, halted at the
+same place. Here he found his wife Dorothea, and Lucinda her husband
+Cardenio. All these misfortunes thus came to an end, and the parties
+mated with their respective spouses.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv.
+(1605).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, sister of Mons. Thomas.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
+Thomas_ (1619).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, the "virgin martyr," attended by Angelo, an angel in the
+semblance of a page, first presented to Dorothea as a beggar-boy, to
+whom she gave alms.--Philip Massinger, _The Virgin Martyr_ (1622).
+
+_Dorothe'a_, the heroine of Goethe's poem entitled _Hermann and
+Dorothea_ (1797).
+
+DOR'OTHEUS (3 _syl_.), the man who spent all his life in endeavoring
+to elucidate the meaning of one single word in Homer.
+
+DOR'OTHY _(Old)_, the housekeeper of Simon Glover and his daughter
+"the fair maid of Perth."--Sir. W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+_Dor'othy_, charwoman of Old Trapbois the miser and his daughter
+Martha.--Sir W. Scott, _Fortunes of Nigel_ (time, James I.).
+
+DOROTHY PEARSON. The childless wife of a Puritan settler in New
+England. Her husband brings her home a boy whom he found crouching
+under the gallows of his Quaker father, and she adopts him at once,
+despite the opposition of "the congregation." A fortnight after he
+entered the family, his own mother invades the pulpit of the Orthodox
+meeting house, and delivers an anathema against her sect. Her boy
+presses forward to meet her, but, after a conflict of emotions she
+returns him to Dorothy. He submits, but pines for his mother through
+the months that pass before her return with the news of religious
+toleration. Dorothy's loving offices have smoothed the child's pathway
+to the grave, and she hangs above him with tears of maternal grief as
+he breathes his last in his mother's arms.--Nathaniel Hawthorne, _The
+Gentle Boy_ (1851.)
+
+_Dorothy Q_. Oliver Wendell Holmes's "grandmother's mother." Her
+portrait taken at the age of "thirteen summers, or less," is the
+subject of his lines, "_Dorothy Q._ A Family Portrait."
+
+  "O, Damsel Dorothy! Dorothy Q!
+  Strange is the gift that I owe to you;
+  Such a gift as never a king
+  Save to daughter or son might bring,--
+  All my tenure of heart and hand
+  All my title to house and land,
+  Mother and sister and child and wife
+  And joy and sorrow, and death and life!"
+
+DORRILLON _(Sir William_), a rich Indian merchant and a widower. He
+had one daughter, placed under the care of Mr. and Miss Norberry. When
+this daughter (Maria) was grown to womanhood, Sir William returned
+to England, and wishing to learn the character of Maria, presented
+himself under the assumed name of Mr. Mandred. He found his daughter
+a fashionable young lady, fond of pleasure, dress, and play, but
+affectionate and good-hearted. He was enabled to extricate her from
+some money difficulties, won her heart, revealed himself as her
+father, and reclaimed her.
+
+_Miss [Maria] Dorrillon_, daughter of Sir William; gay, fashionable,
+light-hearted, accomplished, and very beautiful. "Brought up without
+a mother's care or father's caution," she had some excuse for her
+waywardness and frivolity. Sir George Evelyn was her admirer, whom for
+a time she teased to the very top of her bent; then she married, loved
+and reformed.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as they Were and Maids as they
+Are_ (1797).
+
+D'OSBORN _(Count)_, governor of the Giant's Mount Fortress. The
+countess Marie consented to marry him, because he promised to obtain
+the acquittal of Ernest de Fridberg, ("the State prisoner"); but he
+never kept his promise.
+
+It was by this man's treachery that Ernest was a prisoner, for he kept
+back the evidence of General Bavois, declaring him innocent. He next
+employed persons to strangle him, but his attempt was thwarted.
+His villainy being brought to light, he was ordered by the king to
+execution.--E. Stirling, _The State Prisoner_ (1847).
+
+DO'SON, a promise-maker and promise-breaker. Antig'onos, grandson of
+Demetrios _(the besieger)_ was so called.
+
+DOT. (See PERRYBINGLE.)
+
+DOTHEBOYS HALL, a Yorkshire school, where boys were taken-in and
+done-for by Mr. Squeers, an arrogant, conceited, puffing, overbearing
+and ignorant schoolmaster, who fleeced, beat, and starved the boys,
+but taught them nothing.--C. Dickens, _Nicholas Nickleby_ (1838).
+
+
+The original of Dotheboys Hall is still in existence at Bowes, some
+five miles from Barnard Castle. The King's Head inn at Barnard Castle
+is spoken of in _Nicholas Nickleby_, by Newman Noggs.--_Notes and
+Queries_, April 2, 1875.
+
+
+DOTO, NYSE, and NERI'NE, the three nereids who guarded the fleet of
+Vasco da Gama. When the treacherous pilot had run the ship in which
+Vasco was sailing on a sunken rock, these sea nymphs lifted up the
+prow and turned it round,--Camoens, _Lusiad_, ii. (1569).
+
+DOUBAN, the physician, cured a Greek king of leprosy by some drug
+concealed in a racket handle. The king gave Douban such great rewards
+that the envy of his nobles was excited, and his vizier suggested that
+a man like Douban was very dangerous to be near the throne. The fears
+of the weak king being aroused, he ordered Douban to be put to death.
+When the physician saw there was no remedy, he gave the king a book,
+saying, "On the sixth leaf the king will find something affecting his
+life." The king finding the leaves stick, moistened his finger with
+his mouth, and by so doing poisoned himself. "Tyrant!" exclaimed
+Douban, "those who abuse their power merit death."--_Arabian Nights_
+("The Greek King and the Physician").
+
+_Douban_, physician of the emperor Alexius.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time Rufus).
+
+DOUBLE DEALER, _(The)_ "The double dealer" is Maskwell, who pretends
+love to lady Touchwood and friendship to Mellefont (2. _syl_.), in
+order to betray them both. The other characters of the comedy also
+deal doubly: Thus Lady Froth pretends to love her husband, but coquets
+with Mr. Brisk; and Lady Pliant pretends to be chaste as Diana, but
+has a liaison with Careless. On the other hand Brisk pretends to
+entertain friendship for Lord Froth but makes love to his wife; and
+Ned Careless pretends to respect and honor Lord Pliant, but bamboozles
+him in a similar way.--W. Congreve (1700).
+
+DOUBLEFEE _(Old Jacob_), a money-lender who accommodates the Duke of
+Buckingham with loans.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time,
+Charles II).
+
+DOUBTING CASTLE, the castle of giant Despair, into which Christian and
+Hopeful were thrust, but from which they escaped by means of the key
+called "Promise."--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+DOUGAL, turnkey at Glasgow, Tolbooth. He is an adherent of Rob
+Roy.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+DOUGLAS, divided into _The Black Douglases_ and _The Red Douglases_.
+
+I. THE BLACK DOUGLASES (or senior branch). Each of these is called
+"The Black Douglas."
+
+_The Hardy_, William de Douglas, defender of Berwick (died 1302).
+
+_The Good Sir James_, eldest son of "The Hardy." Friend of Bruce.
+Killed by the Moors in Spain (1330).
+
+_England's Scourge and Scotland's Bulwark_, William Douglas, knight
+of Liddesdale. Taken at Neville's Cross, and killed by William, first
+earl of Douglas, in 1353.
+
+_The Flower of Chivalry_, William de Douglas, natural son of "The Good
+Sir James" (died 1384).
+
+James second earl of Douglas overthrew Hotspur. Died at Otterburn,
+1388. This is the Douglas of the old ballad of _Chevy Chase._
+
+_Archibald the Grim_, Archibald Douglas, natural son of "The Good Sir
+James."
+
+_The Black Douglas_, William, lord of Nithsdale (murdered by the earl
+of Clifford, 1390).
+
+_Tineman_ (the loser), Archibald, fourth earl, who lost the battles of
+Homildon, Shrewsbury, and Verneuil, in the last of which he was killed
+(1424).
+
+William Douglas, eighth earl, stabbed by James II., and then
+despatched with a battle-axe by Sir Patrick Gray, at Stirling,
+February 13, 1452. Sir Walter Scott alludes to this in _The Lady of
+the Lake_.
+
+James Douglas, ninth and last earl (died 1488). With him the senior
+branch closes.
+
+II. THE RED DOUGLASES, a collateral branch.
+
+_Bell-the-Cat_, the great earl of Angus. He is introduced by Scott in
+_Marmion_. His two sons fell in the battle of Flodden Field. He died
+in a monastery, 1514.
+
+Archibald Douglas, sixth earl of Angus, and grandson of
+"Bell-the-Cat." James Bothwell, one of the family, forms the most
+interesting part of Scott's _Lady of the Lake_. He was the grandfather
+of Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots. He died 1560.
+
+James Douglas, earl of Morton, younger-brother of the seventh earl of
+Angus. He took part in the murder of Rizzio, and was executed by the
+instrument called "the maiden" (1530-1581).
+
+The "Black Douglas," introduced by Sir W. Scott in _Castle Dangerous_,
+is "The Gud schyr James." This was also the Douglas which was such a
+terror to the English that the women used to frighten their unruly
+children by saying they would "make the Black Douglas take them."
+He first appears in _Castle Dangerous_ as "Knight of the tomb." The
+following nursery rhyme refers to him:--
+
+  Hush ye, hush, ye, little pet ye;
+  Hush ye, hush ye, do not fret ye;
+  The Black Douglas shall not get thee.
+
+Sir W. Scott, _Tales of a Grandfather_, i. 6.
+
+_Douglas_, a tragedy by J. Home (1757). Young Norval, having saved
+the life of Lord Randolph, is given a commission in the army. Lady
+Randolph hears of the exploit, and discovers that the youth is her own
+son by her first husband, Lord Douglas. Glenalvon, who hates the new
+favorite, persuades Lord Randolph that his wife is too intimate with
+the young upstart, and the two surprise them in familiar intercourse
+in a wood. The youth, being attacked, slays Glenalvon, but is in turn
+slain by Lord Randolph, who then learns that the young man was Lady
+Randolph's son. Lady Randolph, in distraction, rushes up a precipice
+and throws herself down headlong, and Lord Randolph goes to the war
+then raging between Scotland and Denmark.
+
+_Douglas (Archibald earl of_), father-in-law of Prince Robert, eldest
+son of Robert III. of Scotland.
+
+_Margery of Douglas_, the earl's daughter, and wife of Prince Robert
+duke of Rothsay. The duke was betrothed to Elizabeth, daughter of the
+earl of March, but the engagement was broken off by intrigue.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+_Douglas (George)_, nephew of the regent Murray of Scotland, and
+grandson of the lady of Lochleven. George Douglas was devoted to Mary
+Queen of Scots.--Sir W. Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+DOUGLAS AND THE BLOODY HEART. The heart of Bruce was entrusted to
+Douglas to carry to Jerusalem. Landing in Spain, he stopped to aid
+the Castilians against the Moors, and in the heat of battle cast the
+"heart," enshrined in a golden coffer, into the very thickest of the
+foe, saying, "The heart or death!" On he dashed, fearless of danger,
+to regain the coffer, but perished in the attempt. The family
+thenceforth adopted the "bloody heart" as their armorial device.
+
+DOUGLAS LARDER (_The_). When the "Good Sir James" Douglas, in 1306,
+took his castle by _coup de main_ from the English, he caused all
+the barrels containing flour, meal, wheat, and malt to be knocked in
+pieces and their contents to be thrown on the floor; he then staved in
+all the hogsheads of wine and ale upon this mass. To this he flung
+the dead bodies slain and some dead horses. The English called this
+disgusting mass "The Douglas Larder." He then set fire to the castle
+and took refuge in the hills, for he said "he loved far better to hear
+the lark sing than the mouse cheep."
+
+[Illustration] _Wallace's Larder_ is a similar phrase. It is the
+dungeon of Ardrossan, in Ayrshire, where Wallace had the dead bodies
+of the garrison thrown, surprised by him in the reign of Edward I.
+
+Douloureuse Garde (_La_), a castle in Berwick-upon-Tweed, won by Sir
+Launcelot du Lac, in one of the most terrific adventures related in
+romance. In memory of this event, the name of the castle was changed
+into _La Joyeuse Garde_ or _La Garde Joyeuse_.
+
+Dousterswivel (_Herman_), a German schemer, who obtains money under
+the promise of finding hidden wealth by a divining rod.--Sir W. Scott,
+_The Antiquary_ (time, George III.).
+
+The incident of looking for treasure in the church is copied from one
+which Lily mentions, who went with David Kamsay to search for hidden
+treasure in Westminster Abbey.--See _Old and New London_, i. 129.
+
+DOVE (_Dr._), the hero of Southey's novel called _The Doctor_ (1834).
+
+_Dove_ (_Sir Benjamin_), of Cropley Castle, Cornwall. A little,
+peaking, puling creature, desperately hen-pecked by a second wife;
+but madam overshot the mark, and the knight was roused to assert and
+maintain the mastery.
+
+That very clever actor Cherry (1769-1812), appeared in "Sir Benjamin
+Dove," and showed himself a master of his profession.--Boaden.
+
+_Lady Dove_, twice married, first to Mr. Searcher, king's messenger,
+and next to Sir Benjamin Dove. She had a _tendresse_ for Mr. Paterson.
+Lady Dove was a terrible termagant, and when scolding failed used to
+lament for "poor dear dead Searcher, who--, etc., etc." She pulled her
+bow somewhat too tight, and Sir Benjamin asserted his independence.
+
+_Sophia Dove_, daughter of Sir Benjamin. She loved Robert Belfield,
+but was engaged to marry the elder brother Andrew. When, however, the
+wedding day arrived, Andrew was found to be a married man, and the
+younger brother became the bridegroom.--R. Cumberland, _The Brothers_
+(1769).
+
+DOWLAS (_Daniel_), a chandler of Gosport, who trades in "coals, cloth,
+herrings, linen, candles, eggs, sugar, treacle, tea, and brickdust."
+This vulgar and illiterate petty shopkeeper is raised to the peerage
+under the title of "The Right Hon. Daniel Dowlas, Baron Duberly."
+But scarcely has he entered on his honors, when the "heir-at-law,"
+supposed to have been lost at sea, makes his appearance in the person
+of Henry Morland. The "heir" settles on Daniel Dowlas an annuity.
+
+_Deborah Dowlas_, wife of Daniel, and for a short time Lady Duberly.
+She assumes quite the airs and _ton_ of gentility, and tells her
+husband "as he is a pear, he ought to behave as sich."
+
+_Dick Dowlas_, the son, apprenticed to an attorney at Castleton. A
+wild young scamp, who can "shoot wild ducks, fling a bar, play at
+cricket, make punch, catch gudgeons, and dance." His mother says "he
+is the sweetest-tempered youth when he has everything his own way."
+Dick Dowlas falls in love with Cicely Homespun, and marries her.--G.
+Colman, _Heir-at-law_ (1797).
+
+Miss Pope asked me about the dress. I answered. "It should be black
+bombazeen ..." I proved to her that not only "Deborah Dowlas," but all
+the rest of the _dramatis personae_ ought to be in mourning ... The
+three "Dowlases" as relatives of the deceased Lord Duberly; "Henry
+Morland" as the heir-at-law; "Dr. Pangloss" as a clergyman, "Caroline
+Dormer" for the loss of her father, and "Kenrick" as a servant of the
+Dormer family.--James Smith.
+
+_Dowlas (Old Dame_), housekeeper to the Duke of Buckingham.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DOWLING-_(Captain)_, a great drunkard, who dies in his cups.--Crabbe,
+_Borough_, xvi. (1810).
+
+DOWNER (_Billy_), an occasional porter and shoeblack, a diffuser of
+knowledge, a philosopher, a citizen of the world, and an "unfinished
+gentleman."--C. Selby, _The Unfinished Gentleman_.
+
+DOWNING, PROFESSOR, in the University of Cambridge. So called from Sir
+George Downing, bart., who founded the law professorship in 1800.
+
+DOWSABEL, daughter of Cassemen (3 _syl_.), a knight of Arden; a ballad
+by M. Drayton (1593).
+
+  Old Chaucer doth of Topaz tell,
+  Mad Rabelais of Pantagruel,
+  A later third of Dowsabel.
+
+M. Drayton, _Nymphida_.
+
+DRAC, a sort of fairy in human form, whose abode is the caverns of
+rivers. Sometimes these dracs will float like golden cups along a
+stream to entice bathers, but when the bather attempts to catch at
+them, the drac draws him under water.--_South of France Mythology_.
+
+DRA'CHENFELS ("_Dragon rocks_"), so called from the dragon killed
+there by Siegfried, the hero of the _Niebelungen Lied_.
+
+DRAGON (_A_), the device on the royal banner of the old British kings.
+The leader was called the _pendragon_. Geoffrey of Monmouth says:
+"When Aurelius was king, there appeared a star at Winchester, of
+wonderful magnitude and brightness, darting forth a ray at the end of
+which was a flame in the form of a dragon." Uther ordered two golden
+dragons to be made, one of which he presented to Winchester, and the
+other he carried with him as a royal standard. Tennyson says that
+Arthur's helmet had for crest a golden dragon.
+
+  ... they saw
+  The dragon of the great pendragonship.
+  That crowned the state pavilion of the king.
+
+  Tennyson, _Guinevere_.
+
+_Dragon (The)_, one of the masques at Kennaquhair Abbey.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Dragon (The Red_) the personification of "the devil," as the enemy of
+man.--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, ix. (1633).
+
+DRAGON OF WANTLEY _(i. e_. Warncliff, in Yorkshire), a skit on the old
+metrical romances, especially on the old rhyming legend of Sir Bevis.
+The ballad describes the dragon, its outrages, the flight of the
+inhabitants, the knight choosing his armor, the damsel, the fight and
+the victory. The hero is called "More, of More Hall" (_q. v_.)--Percy,
+_Reliques_, III. iii. 13.
+
+(H. Carey, has a burlesque called _The Dragon of Wantley_, and calls
+the hero "Moore, of Moore Hall," 1697-1743).
+
+DRAGON'S HILL (Berkshire). The legend isays it is here that St. George
+killed the dragon; but the place assigned for this achievement in the
+ballad given in Percy's _Reliques_ is "Sylene, in Libya." Another
+legend gives Berytus _(Beyrut)_ as the place of this encounter.
+
+(In regard to Dragon Hill, according to Saxon annals, it was here that
+Cedric (founder of the West Saxons) slew Naud the pendragon, with
+5,000 men.)
+
+DRAGON'S TEETH. The tale of Jason and AEetes is a repetition of that of
+Cadmus.
+
+In the tale of CADMUS, we are told the fountain of Arei'a (3 _syl_.)
+was guarded by a fierce dragon. Cadmus killed the dragon, and sowed
+its teeth in the earth. From these teeth sprang up armed men called
+"Sparti," among whom he flung stones, and the armed men fell foul of
+each other, till all were slain excepting five.
+
+In the tale of JASON, we are told that having slain the dragon, which
+kept watch over the golden fleece, he sowed its teeth in the ground,
+and armed men sprang up. Jason cast a stone into the midst of them,
+whereupon the men attacked each other, and were all slain.
+
+DRAGONS.
+
+AHBIMAN, the dragon slain by Mithra.--_Persian Mythology_.
+
+DAHAK, the three-headed dragon slain by Thraetana-Yacna.--_Persian_.
+
+FAFNIB, the dragon slain by Sigurd.
+
+GRENDEL, the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon hero.
+
+LA GAGOUILLE, the dragon which ravaged the Seine, slain by St. Romain
+of Rouen.
+
+PYTHON, the dragon slain by Apollo.--_Greek Mythology_.
+
+TAKASQUE (2 _syl_.), the dragon slain at Aix-la-Chapelle by St.
+Martha.
+
+ZOHAK, the dragon slain by Feridun (_Shahndmeh_).
+
+[Illustration] Numerous dragons have no special name. Many are denoted
+Red, White, Black, Great, etc..
+
+DRAKE (Joseph Rodman), author of _The Culprit Fay_ and _The American
+Flag_, died at the early age of twenty-five. His elegy was written
+by Fitz-Green Halleck and is known as far as the English tongue is
+spoken.
+
+  "Green be the turf above thee,
+  Friend of my better days!
+  None knew thee but to love thee,
+  None named thee but to praise."
+  (1820).
+
+DRAMA. The earliest European drama since the fall of the Western
+empire appeared in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is called
+_La Celestina_, and is divided into twenty-one acts. The first act,
+which runs through fifty pages, was composed by Rodridgo Cota; the
+other twenty are ascribed to Ferdinando de Rojas. The whole was
+published in 1510.
+
+The earliest English drama is entitled _Ralph Roister Doister_, a
+comedy by Nicholas Udal (before 1551, because mentioned by T. Wilson,
+in his _Rule of Reason_, which appeared in 1551).
+
+The second English drama was _Gammer Gurton's Needle_, by Mr. S.
+Master of Arts. Warton, in his _History of English Poetry_ (iv. 32),
+gives 1551 as the date of this comedy; and Wright, in his _Historia
+Histrionica_, says it appeared in the reign of Edward VI., who died
+1553. It is generally ascribed to Bishop Still, but he was only eight
+years old in 1551.
+
+_Drama (Father of the French)_, Etienne, Jodell (1532-1573).
+
+_Father of the Greek Drama_, Thespis (B.C. sixth century).
+
+_Father of the Spanish Drama_, Lopez de Vega (1562-1635).
+
+DRAP, one of Queen Mab's maids of honor.--Drayton, _Nymphidia_.
+
+DRAPIER'S LETTERS, a series of letters written by Dean Swift, and
+signed "M.D. Drapier," advising the Irish not to take the copper money
+coined by William Wood, to whom George I. had given a patent. These
+letters (1724) stamped out this infamous job and caused the patent
+to be cancelled. The patent was obtained by the Duchess of Kendall
+(mistress of the king), who was to share the profits.
+
+  Can we the Drapier then forget?
+  Is not our nation in his debt?
+  'Twas he that writ the "Drapier's Letters."
+  Dean Swift, _Verses on his own death_.
+
+DRAWCANSIR, a bragging, blustering bully, who took part in a battle,
+and killed every one on both sides, "sparing neither friend nor
+foe."--George Villiers, duke of Buckingham, _The Rehearsal_ (1671).
+
+  Juan, who was a little superficial,
+  And not in literature a great Drawcansir.
+  Byron, _Don Juan_, xi. 51 (1824).
+
+At length my enemy appeared, and I went forward some yards like a
+Drawcansir, but found myself seized with a panic as Paris was when he
+presented himself to fight with Menelaus.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii.
+(1735).
+
+DREAM AUTHORSHIP. Coleridge says that he wrote his _Kubla Khan_ from
+his recollection of a dream.
+
+[Illustration] Condillac (says Cabanis) concluded in his dreams the
+reasonings left incomplete at bed-time.
+
+_Dreams_. The Indians believe all dreams to be revelations, sometimes
+made by the familiar genius, and sometimes by the "inner or divine
+soul." An Indian, having dreamt that his finger was cut off, had it
+really cut off the next day.--Charlevoix, _Journal of a Voyage to
+North America_.
+
+DREAMER (_The Immortal_), John Bunyan, whose _Pilgrim's Progress_ is
+said by him to be a dream (1628-1688).
+
+[Illustration] The pretense of a dream was one of the most common
+devices of mediaeval romance, as, for example, the _Romance of the
+Rose_ and _Piers Plowman_, both in the fourteenth century.
+
+DREARY (_Wat_), _alias_ BROWN WILL, one of Macheath's gang of thieves.
+He is described by Peachum as "an irregular dog, with an underhand
+way of disposing of his goods" (act i.1).--Gay, _The Beggar's Opera_
+(1727).
+
+DREW (_Timothy_). A half-witted cobbler who, learning that a tailor
+had advertised for "frogs," catches a bagful and carries them to him,
+demanding one dollar a hundred. The testy tailor imagining himself
+the victim of a hoax, throws his shears at his head, and Timothy,
+in revenge empties the bag of bull-frogs upon the clean floor of
+Buckram's shop. Next day Timothy's sign was disfigured to read--_Shoes
+Mended and Frogs Caught. By Timothy Drew._--_The Frog Catcher_, Henry
+J. Finn, American Comic Annual 1831.
+
+DRINK used by actors, orators, etc.
+
+BRAHAM, bottled porter.
+
+CATLEY (_Miss_), linseed tea and madeira.
+
+COOKE (_G. F._), everything drinkable.
+
+EMERY, brandy-and-water (cold).
+
+GLADSTONE (_W. E._), an egg beaten up in sherry.
+
+HENDERSON, gum arabic and sherry.
+
+INCLEDON, madeira.
+
+JORDAN (_Mrs._), calves'-foot jelly dissolved in warm sherry.
+
+KEAN (_Edmund_), beef-tea for breakfast, cold brandy.
+
+LEWIS, mulled wine (with oysters).
+
+OXBERRY, tea.
+
+SMITH (_William_), coffee.
+
+WOOD (_Mrs._), draught porter.
+
+[Illustration] J Kemble took opium.
+
+_Drink_. "_I drink the air_," says Ariel, meaning "I will fly with
+great speed."
+
+In _Henry IV_. we have "devour the way," meaning the same thing.
+
+DRI'VER, clerk to Mr. Pleydell, advocate.
+
+Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DRIVER OF EUROPE. The duc de Choiseul, minister of Louis XV., was so
+called by the empress of Russia, because he had spies all over Europe,
+and ruled by them all the political cabals.
+
+DRO'GIO, probably Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. A Venetian voyager
+named Antonio Zeno (fourteenth century) so called a country which he
+discovered. It was said to lie south-west of Estotiland (_Labrador_),
+but neither Estotiland nor Drogio are recognized by modern
+geographers, and both are supposed to be wholly, or in a great
+measure, hypothetical.
+
+DRO'MIO _(The Brothers_), two brothers, twins, so much alike that even
+their nearest friends and masters knew not one from the other. They
+were the servants of two masters, also twins and the exact facsimiles
+of each other. The masters were Antiph'olus of Ephesus and Antipholus
+of Syracuse.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of Errors_ (1593).
+
+(_The Comedy of Errors_ is borrowed from the _Menoechmi_ of Plautus).
+
+DRONSDAUGHTER (_Tronda_), the old serving-woman of the
+Yellowleys.--Sir W. Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+DROP SERENE (_Gutta Serena_). It was once thought that this sort of
+blindness was an incurable extinction of vision by a transparent
+watery humor distilling on the optic nerve. It caused total blindness,
+but made no visible change in the eye. It is now known that this sort
+of blindness arises from obstruction in the capillary nerve-vessels,
+and in some cases at least is curable. Milton, speaking of his own
+blindness, expresses a doubt whether it arose from the _Gutta Serena_
+or the _suffusion of a cataract_.
+
+  So thick a 'drop serene' hath quenched their orbs,
+  Or dim 'suffusion' veiled.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 25 (1665).
+
+DROOD (_Edwin_), hero of Charles Dickens' unfinished novel of that
+name.
+
+DRUDGEIT (_Peter_), clerk to Lord Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+DRUGGER (_Abel_), a seller of tobacco; artless and gullible in
+the extreme. He was building a new house, and came to Subtle "the
+alchemist" to know on which side to set the shop door, how to dispose
+the shelves so as to ensure most luck, on what days he might trust his
+customers, and when it would be unlucky for him so to do.--Ben Jonson,
+_The Alchemist_ (1610).
+
+Thomas Weston was "Abel Drugger" himself [1727-1776], but David
+Garrick was fond of the part also [1716-1779].--C. Dibdin, _History of
+the Stage_.
+
+DRUGGET, a rich London haberdasher, who has married one of his
+daughters to Sir Charles Racket. Drugget is "very fond of his garden,"
+but his taste goes no further than a suburban tea-garden with leaden
+images, cockney fountains, trees cut into the shapes of animals, and
+other similar abominations. He is very headstrong, very passionate,
+and very fond of flattery.
+
+_Mrs. Druggett_, wife of the above. She knows her husband's foibles,
+and, like a wise woman, never rubs the hair the wrong way.--A. Murphy,
+_Three Weeks after Marriage_.
+
+DRUID (_The_), the _nom de plume_ of Henry
+
+Dixon, sportsman and sporting-writer; One of his books, called
+_Steeple-chasing_, appeared in the _Gentleman's Magazine_. His last
+work was called _The Saddle and Sirloin._
+
+[Illustration] Collins calls James Thomson (author of _The Seasons_) a
+druid, meaning a pastoral British poet or "Nature's High Priest."
+
+  In yonder grave a Druid lies.
+  Collins (1746).
+
+_Druid (Dr.)_, a man of North Wales, 65 years of age, the travelling
+tutor of Lord Abberville, who was only 23. The doctor is a pedant and
+antiquary, choleric in temper, and immensely bigoted, wholly without
+any knowledge of the human heart, or indeed any practical knowledge at
+all.
+
+"Money and trade, I scorn 'em both; ...I have traced the Oxus and
+the Po, traversed the Riphaean Mountains, and pierced into the inmost
+deserts of Kilmuc Tartary ...I have followed the ravages of Kuli
+Chan with rapturous delight. There is a land of wonders; finely
+depopulated; gloriously laid waste; fields without a hoof to tread
+'em; fruits without a hand to gather 'em: with such a catologue
+of pats, peetles, serpents, scorpions, caterpillars, toads, and
+putterflies! Oh, 'tis a recreating contemplation indeed to a
+philosophic mind!"--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
+
+DRUID MONEY, a promise to pay on the Greek Kalends. Patricius says:
+"Druidae pecuniam mutuo accipiebant in posteriore vita reddituri."
+
+  Like money by the Druids borrowed,
+  In th' other world to be restored.
+  Butler, _Hudibras_, iii. 1 (1678).
+
+[Illustration] Purchase tells us of certain priests of Pekin, "who
+barter with the people upon bills of exchange, to be paid in heaven a
+hundredfold."--_Pilgrims_, iii. 2.
+
+DRUM _(Jack), Jack Drum's entertainment_ is giving a guest the cold
+shoulder.
+
+Shakespeare calls it "John Drum's entertainment" (_All Well,
+etc_., act iii. sc. 6), and Holinshead speaks of "Tom Drum his
+entertaynement, which is to hale a man in by the heade, and thrust him
+out by both the shoulders."
+
+DRUMMLE (_Bentley_) AND STARTOP, two young men who read with Mr.
+Pocket. Drummle is a surly, ill-conditioned fellow, who marries
+Estella.--C. Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+DRUNKEN PARLIAMENT, a Scotch parliament assembled at Edinburgh,
+January I, 1661.
+
+  It was a mad, warring time, full of extravagance;
+  and no wonder it was so, when the men
+  of affairs were almost perpetually drunk.--Burnet,
+  _His Own Time_ (1723-34).
+
+DRUON "the Stern," one of the four knights who attacked Britomart and
+Sir Scudamore (3 _syl_.).
+
+  The warlike dame _(Britomart)_ was on her part assaid
+  By Clarabel and Blandamour at one;
+  While Paridel and Druon fiercely laid
+  On Scudamore, both his professed fone [_foes_].
+
+  Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. 9 (1596).
+
+DRUSES (_Return of the_). The Druses, a semi-Mohammedan sect of Syria,
+being attacked by Osman, take refuge in one of the Spor'ades, and
+place themselves under the protection of the Knights of Rhodes. These
+knights slay their sheiks and oppress the fugitives. In the sheik
+massacre, Dja'bal is saved by Maae'ni, and entertains the idea of
+revenging his people and leading them back to Syria. To this end he
+gives out that he is Hakeem, the incarnate god, returned to earth,
+and soon becomes the leader of the exiled Druses. A plot is formed to
+murder the prefect of the isle, and to betray the Island to Venice,
+if Venice will supply a convoy for their return. An'eal (2 _syl_.), a
+young woman stabs the prefect, and dies in bitter disappointment when
+she discovers that Djabal is a mere impostor. Djabal stabs himself
+when his imposition is made public, but Loys, (2 _syl_.) a Brenton
+count, leads the exiles back to Lebanon. Robert Browning.--_The Return
+of the Druses_.
+
+[Illustration] Historically, the Druses, to the number of 160,000
+or 200,000, settled in Syria, between Djebail and Saide, but their
+original seat was Egypt. They quitted Egypt from persecution, led by
+Dara'zi or Durzi, from whom the name Druse (1 _syl_.) is derived. The
+founder of the sect was the hakem B'amr-ellah (eleventh century),
+believed to be incarnate deity, and the last prophet who communicated
+between God and man. From this founder the head of the sect was called
+the _hakem_, his residence being Deir-el-Kamar. During the thirteenth
+or fourteenth century the Druses were banished from Syria, and lived
+in exile in some of the Sporades but were led back to Syria early in
+the fifteenth century by Count Loys de Duex, a new convert. Since 1588
+they have been tributaries of the sultan.
+
+  What say you does this wizard style himself--
+  Hakeem Biamrallah, the Third Fatimite?
+  What is this jargon? He the insane prophet,
+  Dead near three hundred years!
+
+Robert Browning, _The Return of the Druses_.
+
+
+DRYAS or DRYAD, a wood-nymph, whose life was bound up with that of her
+tree (Greek, [Greek: dryas, dryados].)
+
+"The quickening power of the soul," like Martha, "is busy about
+many things," or like "a Dryas living in a tree."--Sir John Davies,
+_Immortality of the soul_, xii.
+
+DRY-AS-DUST (_The Rev. Doctor_), an hypothetical person whom Sir
+W. Scott makes use of to introduce some of his novels by means of
+prefatory letters. The word is a synonym for a dull, prosy, plodding
+historian, with great show of learning, but very little attractive
+grace.
+
+DRYDEN OF GERMANY _(The)_, Martin Opitz, sometimes called "The Father
+of German Poetry" (1597-1639).
+
+DRYEESDALE _(Jasper)_, the old steward at Lochleven Castle.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Abott_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+DRY'OPE (3 _syl_.), daughter of King Dryops, beloved by Apollo.
+Apollo, having changed himself into a tortoise, was taken by Dryope
+into her lap, and became the father of Amphis'sos. Ovid says that
+Dryope was changed into a lotus _(Met_., x. 331).
+
+DUAR'TE (3 _syl_), the vainglorious son of Guiomar.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
+
+DUBOSC, the great thief, who robs the night-mail from Lyons, and
+murders the courier. He bears such a strong likeness to Joseph
+Lesurques (act i. 1) that their identity is mistaken.--Ed. Stirling,
+_The Courier of Lyons_ (1852).
+
+DUBOURG-_(Mons.)_, a merchant at Bordeaux, and agent there of
+Osbaldistone of London.
+
+_Clement Dubourg_, son of the Bordeaux merchant, one of the clerks of
+Osbaldistone, merchant.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+DUBRIC _(St.)_ or St. Dubricius, archbishop of the City of Legions
+_(Caerleon-upon-Usk_; Newport is the only part left.) He set the
+crown on the head of Arthur, when only 15 years of age. Geoffrey says
+(_British history_, ix. 12); This prelate, who was primate of Britain,
+was so eminent for his piety, that he could cure any sick person by
+his prayers. St. Dubric abdicated and lived a hermit, leaving David
+his successor. Tennyson introduced him in his _Coming of Arthur,
+Enid_, etc.
+
+  Dubric, whose report old Carleon yet doth
+  carry.
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+  To whom arrived, by Dubric the high saint.
+  Chief of the Church in Britain, and before
+  The stateliest of her altar-shrines, the king
+  That morn was married.
+  Tennyson, _The Coming of Arthur_.
+
+DUCHOMAR was in love with Morna, daughter of Comac, king of Ireland.
+Out of jealousy, he slew Cathba, his more successful rival, went to
+announce his death to Morna, and then asked her to marry him. She
+replied she had no love for him, and asked for his sword. "He gave the
+sword to her tears," and she stabbed him to the heart. Duchomar begged
+the maiden to pluck the sword from his breast that he might die; and
+when she approached him for the purpose, "he seized the sword from
+her, and slew her."
+
+"Duchomar, most gloomy of men; dark are thy brows and terrible; red
+are thy rolling eyes ... I love thee not," said Morna; "hard is thy
+heart of rock, and dark is thy terrible brow."--Ossian, _Fingal_, i.
+
+DUCHRAN (_The laird of_), a friend of Baron Bradwardine.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+DU CROISY and his friend La Grange are desirous to marry two young
+ladies whose heads are turned by novels. The silly girls fancy
+the manners of these gentlemen "too unaffected and easy to be
+aristocratic"; so the gentlemen send to them their valets, as "the
+viscount de Jodelet," and "the marquis of Mascarille." The girls are
+delighted whith their titled visitors; but when the game had gone far
+enough, the masters enter and unmask the trick. By this means the
+girls are taught a useful lesson, without being subjected to any fatal
+consequence.--Moliere, _Les Precieuses Ridicules_ (1659).
+
+DUDLEY, a young artist; a disguise assumed by Harry Bertram.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Dudley_ (_Captain_), a poor English officer, of strict honor, good
+family, and many accomplishments. He has served his country for thirty
+years, but can scarcely provide bread for his family.
+
+_Charles Dudley_, son of Captain Dudley. High-minded, virtuous,
+generous, poor, and proud. He falls in love with his cousin Charlotte
+Rusport, but forbears proposing to her, because he is poor and she is
+rich. His grandfather's will is in time brought to light, by which he
+becomes the heir of a noble fortune, and he then marries his cousin.
+
+_Louisa Dudley_, daughter of Captain Dudley. Young, fair, tall, fresh,
+and lovely. She is courted by Belcour the rich West Indian, to whom
+ultimately she is married.--Cumberland, _The West Indian_ (1771).
+
+DUDLEY DIAMOND (_The_). In 1868 a black shepherd named Swartzboy
+brought to his master, Nie Kirk, this diamond, and received for it
+L400, with which he drank himself to death. Nie Kirk sold it for
+L12,000; and the earl of Dudley gave Messrs. Hunt and Roskell L30,000
+for it. It weighed in the rough 88 1/2 carats, but cut into a heart
+shape it weighs 44 1/2 carats. It is triangular in shape, and of great
+brilliancy.
+
+[Illustration] This magnificent diamond, that called the "Stewart"
+_(q. v_.), and the "Twin," have all been discovered in Africa since
+1868.
+
+DUDU, one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Juan, by the
+sultan's order, had been admitted in female attire. Next day, the
+sultana, out of jealousy, ordered that both Dudu and Juan should be
+stitched in a sack and cast into the sea; but by the connivance of
+Baba the chief eunuch, they affected their escape.--Byron, _Don
+Juan_, vi. 42, etc.
+
+  A kind of sleeping Venus seemed Dudu ...
+  But she was pensive more than melancholy ...
+  The strangest thing was, beauteous, she was
+  holy.
+  Unconscious, albeit turned of quick seventeen.
+  Canto vi. 42-44 (1824).
+
+DUENNA _(The)_, a comic opera by R. B. Sheridan (1773). Margaret, the
+duenna, is placed in charge of Louisa, the daughter of Don Jerome.
+Louisa is in love with Don Antonio, a poor nobleman of Seville; but
+her father resolves to give her in marriage to Isaac Mendoza, a
+rich Portuguese Jew. As Louisa will not consent to her father's
+arrangement, he locks her up in her chamber, and turns the duenna out
+of doors, but in his impetuous rage he in reality turns his daughter
+out, and locks up the duenna. Isaac arrives, is introduced to the
+lady, elopes with her, and is duly married. Louisa flees to the
+convent of St. Catharine, and writes to her father for his consent to
+her marriage to the man of her choice; and Don Jerome supposing she
+means the Jew, gives it freely, and she marries Antonio. When they
+meet at breakfast at the old man's house, he finds that Isaac has
+married the duenna, Louisa has married Antonio, and his son has
+married Clara; but the old man is reconciled and says, "I am an
+obstinate old fellow, when I'm in the wrong, but you shall all find me
+steady in the right."
+
+DUESSA _(false faith_), is the personification of the papacy. She
+meets the Red Cross Knight in the society of Sansfoy _(infidelity)_,
+and when the knight slays Sansfoy, she turns to flight. Being
+overtaken, she says her name is Fidessa _(true faith)_, deceives
+the knight, and conducts him to the palace of Lucif'era, where he
+encounters Sansjoy (canto 2). Duessa dresses the wounds of the Red
+Cross Knight, but places Sansjoy under the care of Escula'pius in the
+infernal regions (canto 4). The Red Cross Knight leaves the palace
+of Lucifera, and Duessa induces him to drink of the "Enervating
+Fountain;" Orgoglio then attacks him, and would have slain him if
+Duessa had not promised to be his bride. Having cast the Red Cross
+Knight into a dungeon, Orgoglio dresses his bride in most gorgeous
+array, puts on her head "a triple crown" _(the tiara of the pope_),
+and sets her on a monster beast with "seven heads" _(the seven hills
+of Rome_). Una _(truth)_ sends Arthur (England) to rescue the captive
+knight, and Arthur slays Orgoglio, wounds the beast, releases the
+knight, and strips Duessa of her finery _(the Reformation_);
+whereupon she flies into the wilderness to conceal her shame (canto
+7).--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, i. (1590).
+
+_Duessa_, in bk. v., allegorizes Mary queen of Scots. She is arraigned
+by Zeal before Queen Mercilla _(Elizabeth)_, and charged with high
+treason. Zeal says he shall pass by for the present "her counsels
+false conspired" with Blandamour _(earl of Northumberland)_, and
+Paridel _(earl of Westmoreland_), leaders of the insurrection of 1569,
+as that wicked plot came to naught, and the false Duessa was now
+"an untitled queen." When Zeal had finished, an old sage named the
+Kingdom's Care _(Lord Burghley)_ spoke, and opinions were divided.
+Authority, Law of Nations, and Religion thought Duessa guilty, but
+Pity, Danger, Nobility of Birth, and Grief pleaded in her behalf. Zeal
+then charges the prisoner with murder, sedition, adultery, and lewd
+impiety; whereupon the sentence of the court is given against her.
+Queen Mercilla, being called on to pass sentence, is so overwhelmed
+with grief that she rises and leaves the court.--Spenser, _Faery
+Queen_, v. 9 (1596).
+
+DUFF _(Jamie)_, the idiot boy attending Mrs. Bertram's funeral.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUKE _(My lord_), a duke's servant, who assumes the airs and title of
+his master, and is addressed as "Your grace," or "My lord duke." He
+was first a country cowboy, then a wig-maker's apprentice, and then
+a duke's servant. He could neither write nor read, but was a great
+coxcomb, and set up for a tip-top fine gentleman.--Rev. J. Townley,
+_High Life Below Stairs_ (1763).
+
+_Duke (The Iron_), the duke of Wellington, also called "The Great
+Duke" (1769-1852).
+
+DUKE AND DUCHESS, in pt. II. of _Don Quixote_, who play so many
+sportive tricks on "the Knight of the Woeful Countenance," were Don
+Carlos de Borja, count of Ficallo, and Donna Maria of Aragon, duchess
+of Villaher'mora, his wife, in whose right the count held extensive
+estates on the banks of the Ebro, among others a country seat called
+Buena'via, the place referred to by Cervantes (1615).
+
+DUKE OF MIL'AN, a tragedy by Massinger (1622). A play evidently
+in imitation of Shakespeare's _Othello_. "Sforza" is Othollo;
+"Francesco," Iago: "Marcelia," Desdemona: and "Eugenia," Emilia.
+Sforza "the More" [_sic_] doted on Marcelia his young bride, who amply
+returned his love. Francesco, Sforza's favorite, being left lord
+protector of Milan during a temporary absence of the duke, tried
+to corrupt Marcelia; but failing in this, accused her to Sforza of
+wantonness. The duke, believing his favorite, slew his beautiful young
+bride. The cause of Francesco's villainy was that the duke had seduced
+his sister Eugenia.
+
+[Illustration] Shakespeare's play was produced 1611, about eleven
+years before Massinger's tragedy. In act v. 1 we have "Men's injuries
+we write in brass," which brings to mind Shakespeare's line, "Men's
+evil manners live in brass, their virtues we write in water."
+
+(Cumberland reproduced this drama, with some alterations, in 1780).
+
+DUKE COMBE, William Combe, author of _Dr. Syntax_, and translator of
+_The Devil upon Two Sticks_, from _Le Diable Boiteux_ of Lesage. He
+was called _duke_ from the splendor of his dress, the profusion of his
+table, and the magnificence of his deportment. The last fifteen years
+of his life were spent in the King's Bench (1743-1823).
+
+DULCAMA'RA _(Dr.)_, an itinerant physician, noted for his pomposity;
+very boastful, and a thorough charlatan.--Donizetti, _L'Elisire
+d'Amore_ (1832).
+
+DULCARNON. (See DHU'L KARNEIN.)
+
+DULCIFLUOUS DOCTOR, Antony Andreas, a Spanish minorite of the Duns
+Scotus school (_-1320).
+
+DULCIN'EA DEL TOBO'SO, the lady of Don Quixote's devotion. She was a
+fresh-colored country wench, of an adjacent village, with whom the don
+was once in love. Her real name was Aldonza Lorenzo. Her father was
+Lorenzo Corchuelo, and her mother Aldonza Nogales. Sancho Panza
+describes her in pt. I. ii. 11.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. i. I
+(1605).
+
+  "Her flowing hair," says the knight, "is of
+  gold, her forehead the Elysian fields, her eyebrows
+  two celestial arches, her eyes a pair of
+  glorious suns, her cheeks two beds of roses, her
+  lips two coral portals that guard her teeth of
+  Oriental pearl, her neck is alabaster, her hands
+  are polished ivory, and her bosom whiter than
+  the new-fallen snow."
+
+  Ask you for whom my tears do flow so?
+  'Tis for Dulcinea del Toboso.
+  _Don Quixote_, I iii. 11 (1605).
+
+DULL, a constable.--Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_ (1594).
+
+DU'MACHUS. The impenitent thief is so called in Longfellow's _Golden
+Legend_, and the penitent thief is called Titus.
+
+In the apocryphal _Gospel of Nicodemis_, the impenitent thief is
+called Gestas, and the penitent one Dysmas.
+
+In the story of _Joseph of Arimathea_, the impenitent thief is called
+Gesmas, and the penitent one Dismas.
+
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix infima Gesmas.
+  _A Monkish Charm to Scare away Thieves_.
+
+  Dismas in paradise would dwell,
+  But Gesmas chose his lot in hell.
+
+DUMAIN, a French lord in attendance on Ferdinand, king of Navarre. He
+agreed to spend three years with the king in study, during which time
+no woman was to approach the court. Of course, the compact was broken
+as soon as made and Dumain fell in love with Katharine. When however,
+he proposed marriage, Katharine deferred her answer for twelve months
+and a day, hoping by that time "his face would be more bearded," for,
+she said, "I'll mark no words that smoothfaced wooers say."
+
+  The young Dumain, a well-accomplished youth,
+  Of all that virtue love for virtue loved;
+  Most power to do most harm, least knowing ill;
+  For he hath wit to make an ill shape good,
+  And shape to win grace, tho' he had no wit.
+
+Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_, act ii. sc. I (1594).
+
+DU'MARIN, the husband of Cym'oent, and father of Marinel.--Spenser,
+_Fairy Queen_, in. 4.
+
+DUMAS _(Alexandre_ D.), in 1845, published sixty volumes.
+
+The most skillful copyist, writing 12 hours a day, can with difficulty
+do 3,900 letters in an hour, which gives him 46,800 per diem, or 60
+pages of a romance. Thus he could copy 5 volumes octavo per month and
+60 in a year, supposing that he did not lose one second of time,
+but worked without ceasing 12 hours every day thoughout the entire
+year.--De Mirecourt, _Dumas Pere_ (1867).
+
+DUMB OX _(The)._ St. Thomas Aqui'nas was so called by his
+fellow-students at Cologne, from his taciturnity and dreaminess.
+Sometimes called "The Great Dumb Ox of Sicily." He was larged-bodied,
+fat, with a brown complexion, and a large head partly bald.
+
+  Of a truth, it almost makes me laugh
+  To see men leaving the golden grain,
+  To gather in piles the pitiful chaff
+  That old Peter Lombard thrashed with his
+  brain,
+  To have it caught up and tossed again
+  On the horns of the Dumb Ox of Cologne.
+
+Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+(Thomas Aquinas was subsequently called "The Angelic Doctor," and the
+"Angel of the Schools," 1224-1274.)
+
+DUMBIEDIKES (_The old laird of_), an exacting landlord, taciturn and
+obstinate.
+
+The laird of Dumbiedikes had hitherto been moderate in his exactions
+... but when a stout, active young fellow appeared ... he began to
+think so broad a pair of shoulders might bear an additional burden.
+He regulated, indeed, his management of his dependants as carters
+do their horses, never failing to clap an additional brace of
+hundred-weights on a new and willing horse.--Chap. 8 (1818).
+
+_The young laird of Dumbiedikes_ (3 _syl_.), a bashful young laird, in
+love with Jeanie Deans, but Jeanie marries the Presbyterian minister,
+Reuben Butler.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George
+II.).
+
+DUM'MERAR (_The Rev. Dr._), a friend of Sir Geoffrey Peveril.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+DUMMY or SUPERNUMERARY. "Celimene," in the _Precieuses Ridicules_,
+does not utter a single word, although she enters with other
+characters on the stage.
+
+DUMTOUS'TIE (_Mr. Daniel_), a young barrister, and nephew of Lord
+Bladderskate.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+DUN (_Squire_), the hangman who came between Richard Brandon and Jack
+Ketch.
+
+  And presently a halter got,
+  Made of the best strong hempen teer,
+  And ere a cat could lick his ear,
+  Had tied him up with as much art
+  As Dun himself could do for's heart.
+
+Cotton, _Virgil Travestied_, iv. (1677).
+
+DUN COW (_The_), slain by Sir Guy of Warwick on Dunsmore Heath, was
+the cow kept by a giant in Mitchel Fold [_middle-fold_], Shropshire.
+Its milk was inexhaustible. One day an old woman, who had filled her
+pail, wanted to fill her sieve also with its milk, but this so enraged
+the cow that it broke away, and wandered to Dunsmore, where it was
+killed.
+
+[Illustration] A huge tusk, probably an elephant's, is still shown at
+Warwick Castle as one of the horns of this wonderful cow.
+
+DUNBAR AND MARCH _(George, earl of_), who deserted to Henry IV. of
+England, because the betrothal of his daughter Elizabeth to the king's
+eldest son was broken off by court intrigue.
+
+_Elizabeth Dunbar_, daughter of the earl of Dunbar and March,
+betrothed to Prince Robert, duke of Rothsay, eldest son of Robert III.
+of Scotland. The earl of Douglas contrived to set aside this betrothal
+in favor of his own daughter Elizabeth, who married the prince, and
+became duchess of Rothsay.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time,
+Henry IV.).
+
+DUNCAN "the Meek," king of Scotland, was son of Crynin, and grandson
+of Malcolm II., whom he succeeded on the throne, Macbeth was the son
+of the younger sister of Duncan's mother, and hence Duncan and Macbeth
+were first cousins. Sueno, king of Norway, having invaded Scotland,
+the command of the army was entrusted to Macbeth and Banquo, and so
+great was their success that only ten men of the invading army were
+left alive. After the battle, King Duncan paid a visit to Macbeth
+in his castle of Inverness, and was there murdered by his host. The
+successor to the throne was Duncan's son Malcolm, but Macbeth usurped
+the crown.--Shakespeare, _Macbeth_ (1606).
+
+_Duncan (Captain)_, of Knockdunder, agent at Roseneath to the Duke of
+Buckingham.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+_Duncan (Duroch)_, a follower of Donald Beau Lean.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUNCE, wittily or willfully derived from Duns, surnamed "Scotus."
+
+In the Gaelic, _donas [means]_ "bad luck" or in contempt, "a poor
+ignorant creature." The Lowland Scotch has _donsie_, "unfortunate,
+stupid."--_Notes and Queries_, 225, September 21, 1878.
+
+DUN'CIAD ("_the dunce epic_"), a satire by Alexander Pope--written to
+revenge himself upon his literary enemies. The plot is this: Eusden
+the poet-laureate being dead, the goddess of Dulness elects Colley
+Cibber as his successor. The installation is celebrated by games, the
+most important being the "reading of two voluminous works, one in
+verse and the other in prose, without nodding." King Cibber is then
+taken to the temple of Dulness, and lulled to sleep on the lap of the
+goddess. In his dream he sees the triumphs of the empire. Finally the
+goddess having established the kingdom on a firm basis, Night and
+Chaos are restored, and the poem ends (1728-42).
+
+DUNDAS, _(Starvation)_, Henry Dundas, first Lord Melville. So called
+because he introduced into the language the word _starvation_, in a
+speech on American affairs (1775).
+
+DUNDER _(Sir David_), of Dunder Hall, near Dover. An hospitable,
+conceited, whimsical old gentleman, who forever interrupts a speaker
+with "Yes, yes, I know it," or "Be quiet, I know it." He rarely
+finishes a sentence, but runs on in this style: "Dover is an odd sort
+of a--eh?" "It is a dingy kind of a--humph!" "The ladies will be happy
+to--eh?" He is the father of two daughters, Harriet and Kitty, whom he
+accidentally detects in the act of eloping with two guests. To prevent
+a scandal, he sanctions the marriages, and discovers that the two
+lovers, both in family and fortune, are suitable sons-in-law.
+
+_Lady Dunder_, fat, fair, and forty if not more. A country lady, more
+fond of making jams and pastry than doing the fine lady. She prefers
+cooking to croquet, and making the kettle sing to singing herself.
+(See HARRIET and KITTY.)--G. Colman, _Ways and Means_ (1788).
+
+William Dowton [1764-1851] played "Sir Anthony Absolute," "Sir Peter
+Teazle," "Sir David Dunder," and "Sir John Falstaff," and looked the
+very characters he represented.--W. Donaldson, _Recollections_.
+
+[Illustration] "Sir Anthony Absolute," in _The Rivals_ (Sheridan);
+"Sir Peter Teazle," in _The School for Scandal_ (Sheridan).
+
+DUNDREAR'Y _(Lord)_, a good natured, indolent, blundering,
+empty-headed swell; the chief character in Tom Taylor's dramatic piece
+entitled _Our American Cousin_. He is greatly characterized by his
+admiration of "Brother Sam," for his incapacity to follow out the
+sequence of any train of thought, and for supposing all are insane who
+differ from him.
+
+(Mr. Sothern of the Haymarket created this character by his power of
+conception and the genius of his acting.)
+
+DUNIOS _(The count de_), in Sir W. Scott's novel of _Quentin Durward_
+(time, Edward IV.).
+
+DUNOIS THE BRAVE, hero of the famous French song, set to music by
+Queen Hortense, mother of Napoleon III., and called _Partant pour
+Syrie_. His prayer to the Virgin, when he left for Syria, was:
+
+  Que j'aime la plus belle,
+  Et sois le plus vaillant!
+
+He behaved with great valor, and the count whom he followed gave him
+his daughter to wife. The guests, on the bridal day, all cried aloud:
+
+  Amour a la plus belle!
+  Honneur an plus vaillant!
+  Words by M. de Laborde (1809).
+
+DUN'OVER, a poor gentleman introduced by Sir W. Scott in the
+introduction of _The Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+DUNROMMATH, lord of Uthal, one of the Orkneys. He carried off
+Oith'ona, daughter of Nuath (who was engaged to be married to Gaul,
+son of Morni), and was slain by Gaul in fight.
+
+Gaul advanced in his arms. Dunrommath shrunk behind his people. But
+the spear of Gaul pierced the gloomy chief; his sword lopped off his
+head as it bended in death.--Ossian, _Oithoha_.
+
+DUNS SCOTUS, called "The Subtle Doctor," said to have been born at
+Dunse, in Berwickshire, or Dunstance, in Northumberland (1265-1308).
+
+John Scotus, called _Erigena_ ("Erin-born"), is quite another person
+(_-886). Erigena is sometimes called "Scotus the Wise," and lived four
+centuries before "The Subtle Doctor."
+
+DUN-SHUNNER _(Augustus)_, a _nom de plnme_ of Professor William
+Edmonstoune Aytoun, in _Blackwood's Magazine_ (1813-1865).
+
+DUNS'TAN _(St.)_, patron saint of goldsmiths and jewellers. He was a
+smith, and worked up all sorts of metals in his cell near Glastonbury
+Church. It was in this cell that, according to legend, Satan had a
+gossip with the saint, and Dunstan caught his sable majesty by the
+nose with a pair of red-hot forceps.
+
+DUNTHAL'MO, lord of Teutha _(the Tweed)._ He went "in his pride
+against Rathmor," chief of Clutha (_the Clyde_), but being overcome,
+"his rage arose," and he went "by night with his warriors" and slew
+Rathmor in his banquet hall. Touched with pity for his two young sons
+(Calthon and Colmar), he took them to his own house and brought them
+up. "They bent the bow in his presence, and went forth to his wars."
+But observing that their countenances fell, Dunthalmo began to be
+suspicious of the young men, and shut them up in two separate caves on
+the banks of the Tweed, where neither "the sun penetrated by day nor
+the moon by night." Colmal (the daughter of Dunthalmo), disguised as a
+young warrior, loosed Calthon from his bonds, and fled with him to the
+court of Fingal, to crave aid for the liberation of Colmar. Fingal
+sent his son Ossian with 300 men to effect this object, but Dunthalmo,
+hearing of their approach, gathered together his strength and slew
+Colmar. He also seized Calthon, mourning for his brother, and bound
+him to an oak. At daybreak Ossian moved to the fight, slew Dunthalmo,
+and having released Calthon, "gave him to the white-bosomed
+Colmal."--Ossian, _Calthon and Colmal_.
+
+DUPELEY (_Sir Charles_), a man who prided himself on his discernment
+of character, and defied any woman to entangle him in matrimony;
+but he mistook Lady Bab Lardoon, a votary of fashion, for an
+unsophisticated country maiden, and proposed marriage to her.
+
+  "I should like to see the woman," he says,
+  "that could entangle me ... Shew me a woman
+  ...and at the first glance I will discover the
+  whole extent of her artifice."--Burgoyne, _The
+  Maid of the Oaks_, i. I.
+
+DUPRE [_Du.Pray_'], a servant of Mr. Darlemont, who assists his master
+in abandoning Julio, count of Harancour (his ward) in the streets of
+Paris, for the sake of becoming possessor of his ward's property.
+Dupre repents and confesses the crime.--Th. Holcroft, _The Deaf and
+Dumb_ (1785).
+
+DURAN'DAL, the sword of Orlando, the workmanship of fairies. So
+admirable was its temper that it would "cleave the Pyrenees at a
+blow."--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516)
+
+DURANDAR'TE (_4 syl_.), a knight who fell at Roncesvalles (_4 syl_.).
+Durandarte loved Belerma whom he served for seven years, and was then
+slain; but in dying he requested his cousin Montesi'nos to take his
+heart to Belerma.
+
+  Sweet in manners, fair in favor,
+  Mild in temper, fierce in fight.
+  Lewis.
+
+DUR'DEN _(Dame)_, a notable country gentlewoman, who kept five
+men-servants "to use the spade and flail," and five women-servants "to
+carry the milken-pail." The five men loved the five maids. Their names
+were:
+
+  Moll and Bet, and Doll and Kate, and Dorothy Draggletail;
+  John and Dick, and Joe and Jack, and Humphrey with his flail.
+  _A Well-known Glee_.
+
+(In _Bleak House_, by C. Dickens, Esther Summerson is playfully called
+"Dame Durden.")
+
+DURETETE _(Captain)_, a rather heavy gentleman who takes lessons in
+gallantry from his friend, young Mirabel. Very bashful with ladies,
+and for ever sparring with Bisarre, who teazes him unmercifully
+_[Dure-tait, Be-zar']._--G. Farquhar, _The Inconstant_ (1702).
+
+DURINDA'NA, Orlando's sword, given him by his cousin Malagi'gi. This
+sword and the horn Olifant were buried at the feet of the hero.
+
+[Illustration] Charlemagne's sword "Joyeuse" was also buried with him,
+and "Tizo'na" was buried with the Cid.
+
+DUROTI'GES (4. _syl_.). Below the Hedui (those of Somersetshire) came
+the Durotiges, sometimes called Mor'ini. Their capital was Du'rinum
+(_Dorchester_), and their territory extended to Vindel'ia (_Portland
+Isle_).--Richard of Cireneestre, _Ancient State of Britain_, vi. 15.
+
+The Durotiges on the Dorsetian sand.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xvi. (1613).
+
+DURWARD (_Quentin_), hero and title of a novel by Sir W. Scott.
+Quentin Durward is the nephew of Ludovic Lesly (surnamed _LeBalafre_).
+He enrolls himself in the Scottish guard, a company of archers in
+the pay of Louis XI., at Plessis les Tours, and saves the king in a
+boar-hunt. When Leigeis is assaulted by insurgents, Quentin Durward
+and the Countess Isabelle de Croye escape on horseback. The countess
+publicly refuses to marry the duc d'Orleans, and ultimately marries
+the young Scotchman.
+
+DUSRONNAL, one of the two steeds of Cuthullin, general of the Irish
+tribes. The other was "Sulin-Sifadda" (_q. v._).
+
+  Before the left side of the car is seen the
+  snorting horse. The thin-maned, high-headed,
+  strong-hoofed, fleet, bounding son of the hill.
+  His name Dusronnal, among the stormy sons of
+  the sword ... the [_two_] steeds like wreaths of
+  mist fly over the vales. The wildness of deer is
+  in their course, the strength of eagles descending
+  on the prey.--Ossian, _Fingal_ i.
+
+DUTCH SCHOOL of painting, noted for its exactness of detail and
+truthfullness to life:--For _Portraits_: Rembrandt, Bol, Flinck, Hals,
+and Vanderhelst.
+
+For _Conversation pieces_: Gerhard Douw, Terburg, Metzu, Mieris, and
+Netscher.
+
+For _low life_: Ostade Brower and Jan Steen.
+
+For _landscapes_: Ruysdael, Hobbema, Cuyp, Vanderneer (_moonlight
+scenes_), Berchem and A. Both.
+
+For _battle scenes_: Wouvermans and Huchtenburg.
+
+For _marine pieces_: Vandevelde and Bakhuizen.
+
+For _still life and flowers_: Kalf, A. van Utrecht, Van Huysum, and De
+Heem.
+
+DUTCH HOUSEWIFERY. In his papers upon _Old New York_ (1846), John
+Fanning Watson pays a just tribute to Knickerbocker housekeepers.
+
+  "The cleanliness of Dutch housewifery was
+  always extreme. Everything had to submit to
+  scrubbing and scouring; dirt in no form could
+  be endured by them, and dear as water was in
+  the city, where it was generally sold, still it was
+  in perpetual requisition. It was their honest
+  pride to see a well-furnished dresser, showing
+  copper and pewter in shining splendor as if for
+  ornament rather than for use. In all this they
+  differed widely from the Germans, a people with
+  whom they have been erroneously and often
+  confounded. Roost fowls and ducks are not
+  more different. As water draws one it repels
+  the other."
+
+DUTTON (_Mrs. Dolly_), dairy-maid to the Duke of Argyll.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time George II.).
+
+DWARF. The following are celebrated dwarfs of real life:--
+
+ANDROMEDA, 2 feet 4 inches. One of Julia's free maids.
+
+ARISTRATOS, the poet. "So small," says Athenaeos, "that no one could
+see him."
+
+BEBE (2 _syl_), 2 feet 9 inches. The dwarf of Stanislas, king of
+Poland (died 1764). BORUWLASKI (_Count Joseph_), 2 feet 4 inches. Died
+aged 98 (1739-1837). He had a brother and a sister both dwarfs.
+
+BUCHINGER (_Matthew_), who had no arms or legs, but _fins_ from the
+shoulders. He could draw, write, thread needles, and play the hautboy.
+Fac-similes of his writing are preserved among the Harleian MSS. (born
+1674-_).
+
+CHUNG, recently exhibited with Chang the giant.
+
+COLO'BRI (_Prince_), of Sleswig, 25 inches; weight, 25 lbs. (1851).
+
+CONOPAS, 2 feet 4 inches. One of the dwarfs of Julia, niece of
+Augustus.
+
+COPPERNIN, the dwarf of the princess of Wales, mother of George III.
+The last court-dwarf in England.
+
+CRACHAMI (_Caroline_), a Sicilian, born at Palermo, 20 inches. Her
+skeleton is preserved in Hunter's Museum (1814-1824).
+
+DECKER or DUCKER (_John_), 2 feet 6 inches. An Englishman (1610).
+
+FARREL (_Owen_), 3 feet 9 inches. Born at Cavan. He was of enormous
+strength (died 1742).
+
+FERRY (_Nicholas_), usually called Bebe, contemporary with Boruwlaski.
+He was a native of France. Height at death, 2 feet 9 inches (died
+1737).
+
+GIBSON (_Richard_) and his wife Anne Shepherd. Neither of them 4 feet.
+Gibson was a noted portrait painter, and a page of the back-stairs
+in the court of Charles I. The king honored the wedding with his
+presence; and they had nine children (1615-1690).
+
+  Design or chance makes others wive,
+  But Nature did this match contrive.
+
+  Waller (1642).
+
+HUDSON (_Sir Jeffrey_), 18 inches. He was born at Oakham, in
+Rutlandshire (1619--1678).
+
+LUCIUS, 2 feet; weight 17 lbs. The dwarf of the Emperor Augustus.
+PHILE'TAS, a poet, so small that "he wore leaden shoes to prevent
+being blown away by the wind" (died B.C. 280).
+
+PHILIPS (_Calvin_) weighed less than 2 lbs. His thighs were not
+thicker than a man's thumb. He was born at Bridgewater, Massachusetts,
+in 1791.
+
+RITCHIE (_David_), 3 feet 6 inches. Native of Tweeddale.
+
+SOUVRAY (_Therese_).
+
+STOBEUIN (_C.H._) of Nuremberg was less than 3 feet at the age of 20.
+His father, mother, brothers, and sisters were all under the medium
+height.
+
+THUMB (_General Tom_). His real name was Charles S. Stratton; 25
+inches; weight, 25 lbs. at the age of 25. Born at Bridgeport,
+Connecticut, in 1832.
+
+THUMB (_Tom_), 2 feet 4 inches. A Dutch dwarf.
+
+XIT, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.
+
+[Illustration] Nicephorus Calistus tells us of an Egyptian dwarf "not
+bigger than a partridge."
+
+_Dwarf_ of Lady Clerimond was named Pac'olet. She had a winged horse,
+which carried off Valentine, Orson, and Clerimond from the dungeon
+of of Ferragus to the palace of King Pepin; and subsequently carried
+Valentine to the palace of Alexander, his father, emperor of
+Constantinople. _Valentine and Orson_ (fifteenth century).
+
+_Dwarf_ (_The Black_), a fairy of malignant propensities, and
+considered the author of all the mischief of the neighborhood. In
+Sir W. Scott's novel so called, this imp is introduced under various
+_aliases_, as Sir Edward Mauley, Elshander the recluse, cannie Elshie,
+and the Wise Wight of Micklestane Moor.
+
+DWARF ALBERICH, the guardian of the Niebelungen hoard. He is twice
+vanquished by Siegfried, who gets possession of his cloak of
+invisibility, and makes himself master of the hoard.--_The Niebelungen
+Lied_ (1210).
+
+DWARF PETER, an allegorical romance by Ludwick Tieck. The dwarf is a
+castle spectre, who advises and aids the family, but all his advice
+turns out evil, and all his aid is productive of trouble. The dwarf is
+meant for "the law in our members, which wars against the law of our
+minds, and brings us into captivity to the law of sin."
+
+DWINING (_Henbane_), a pottingar or apothecary.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair
+Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+DYING SAYINGS (real or traditional):
+
+ADDISON. See how a Christian dies! _or_ See in what peace a Christian
+can die!
+
+ANAXAGORAS. Give the boys a holiday.
+
+[||]AERIA. My Paetus, it is not painful.
+
+[c] AUGUSTUS. Vos plaudite. (After asking how he had acted his part in
+life.)--Cicero.
+
+BEAUFORT (_Cardinal Henry_). I pray you all, pray for me.
+
+BERRY (_Mde. de_). Is not this dying with courage and true greatness?
+
+BRONTE (the brother of the authoresses). While there is life there is
+will. (He died standing.)
+
+BYRON. I must sleep now.
+
+[Sec.] CAESAR (_Julius_). Et tu, Brute! (To Brutus, when he stabbed him.)
+
+[*] CHARLEMAGNE. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+CHARLES I. (of England). Remember! (To William Juxon, archbishop of
+Canterbury).
+
+CHARLES II. (of England). Don't let poor Nellie starve! (Nell Gwynne).
+
+CHARLES V. Ah! Jesus!
+
+CHARLES IX. (of France). Nurse, nurse, what murder! what blood! Oh! I
+have done wrong. God pardon me! CHARLOTTE (_The Princess_). You make
+me drink. Pray, leave me quiet. I find it affects my head.
+
+CHESTERFIELD. Give Day Rolles a chair.
+
+COLUMBUS. Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+CROME (_John_), O Hobbima, Hobbima, how I do love thee!
+
+CROMWELL. My desire is to make what haste I may to be gone.
+
+[**]DEMONAX (the philosopher). You may go home, the show is
+over.--Lucian.
+
+ELDEN (_Lord_). It matters not where I am going, whether the weather
+be cold or hot.
+
+FONTENELLE. I suffer nothing, but feel a sort of difficulty in living
+longer.
+
+FRANKLIN. A dying man can do nothing easy.
+
+GAINSBOROUGH. We are all going to heaven, and Vandyke is of the
+company.
+
+GEORGE IV. Whatty, what is this? It is death, my boy. They have
+deceived me. (Said to his page, Sir Wathen Waller).
+
+GIBBON. Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu!
+
+[] GOETHE. More light!
+
+GREGORY VII. I have loved justice and hated iniquity, therefore I die
+in exile.
+
+[*] GREY (_Lady Jane_). Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+GROTIUS. Be serious.
+
+HADYN. God preserve the emperor!
+
+HALLER. The artery ceases to beat.
+
+HAZLITT. I have led a happy life.
+
+HOBBES. Now am I about to take my last voyage--a great leap in the
+dark.
+
+[||] HUNTER (_Dr. William_). If I had strength to hold a pen, I would
+write down how easy and pleasant a thing it is to die.
+
+IRVING. If I die, I die unto the Lord. Amen.
+
+JAMES V. (of Scotland). It came with a lass, and will go with a lass
+(_i.e._ the Scotch crown).
+
+JEFFERSON (of America). I resign my spirit to God, my daughter to my
+country.
+
+JOHNSON (_Dr._). God bless you, my dear! (To Miss Morris).
+
+KNOX. Now it is come.
+
+LOUIS I. Huz! huz! Bouquet says: "He turned his face to the wall; and
+twice cried, 'Huz! huz!' (_out, out_), and then died."
+
+LOUIS IX. I will enter now into the house of the Lord.
+
+[||] Louis XIV. Why weep ye! Did you think I should live for ever?
+(Then after a pause) I thought dying had been harder.
+
+[**] Louis XVII. A king should die standing.
+
+MAHOMET. O, Allah, be it so! Henceforth among the glorious host of
+paradise.
+
+MARGARET (of Scotland, wife of Louis XI. of France). Fi de la vie!
+qu'on ne m'en parle plus.
+
+MARIE ANTOINETTE. Farewell, my children, for ever. I go to your
+father.
+
+[Sec.] MASANIELLO. Ungratetul traitors! (Said to the assassins.)
+
+MATHEWS (_Charles_). I am ready.
+
+MIRABEAU. Let me die to the sounds of delicious music.
+
+MOODY (the actor):
+
+  Reason thus with life,
+  If I do lose thee, I do lose a thing
+  That none but fools would keep.
+
+  Shakespeare.
+
+MOORE (_Sir John_). I hope my country will do me justice.
+
+NAPOLEON I. Mon Dieu! La nation Francaise! Tete d'armee!
+
+NAPOLEON III. Were you at Sedan? (To Dr. Conneau.)
+
+NELSON. I thank God I have done my duty.
+
+NERO. Qualis artifex pereo!
+
+PALMER (the actor). There is another and a better country. (This he
+said on the stage, it being a line in the part he was acting. From
+_The Stranger_.)
+
+PITT (_William_). O, my country, how I love thee!
+
+PIZARRO. Jesu!
+
+POPE. Friendship itself is but a part of virtue.
+
+[**] RABELAIS. Let down the curtain, the farce is over.
+
+SAND (_George_). Laisez la verdure. (Meaning, "Leave the tomb green,
+do not cover it over with bricks or stone." George Sand was Mde.
+Dudevant.)
+
+SCHILLER. Many things are growing plain and clear to my understanding.
+
+SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). God bless you all! (To his family.) SIDNEY
+(_Algernon_). I know that my Redeemer liveth. I die for the good old
+cause.
+
+SOCRATES. Crito, we owe a cock to AEsculapius.
+
+STAEL (_Mde. de_). I have loved God, my father, and liberty.
+
+[] TALMA. The worst is, I cannot see.
+
+[*] TASSO. Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!
+
+THURLOW (_Lord_). I'll be shot if I don't believe I'm dying.
+
+[**] VESPASIAN. A king should die standing.
+
+WEBSTER. I still live!
+
+WILLIAM III. (of England). Can this last long? (To his physician).
+
+WILLIAM OF NASSAU. O God, have mercy upon me, and upon this poor
+nation! (This was said as he was shot by Balthasar Gerard, 1584).
+
+WOLFE (_General_). What! do they run already? Then I die happy.
+
+WYATT (_Thomas_) That which I then said I unsay. That which I now say
+is true. (This to the priest who reminded him that he had accused the
+Princess Elizabeth of treason to the council, and that he now alleged
+her to be innocent.)
+
+[Illustration] Those names preceded by similar pilcrows indicate that
+the "dying words" ascribed to them are identical or nearly so. Thus
+the [*] before Charlemagne, Columbus, Lady Jane Grey, and Tasso, show
+that their words were alike. So with the before Augustus, Demonax, and
+Rabelais; the [**] before Louis XVIII. and Vespasian; the [Sec.] before
+Caesar and Masaniello; the [||] before Arria, Hunter, and Louis XIV.;
+and the [] before Goethe and Talma.
+
+DYS'COLUS, Moroseness personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher (1633). "He nothing liked or praised." Fully described in
+canto viii. (Greek, _duskolos_, "fretful.")
+
+DYSMAS, DISMAS, OR DEMAS, the penitent thief crucified with our Lord.
+The impenitent thief is called Gesmas or Gestas.
+
+  Alta petit Dismas, infelix innma Gesmas.
+
+  _Part of a Charm_.
+
+  To paradise thief Dismas went,
+  But Gesmas died impenitent.
+
+EADBURGH, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of England, and Eadgifu,
+his wife. When three years old, her father placed on the child some
+rings and bracelets, and showed her a chalice and a book of the
+Gospels, asking which she would have. The child chose the chalice and
+book, and Edward was pleased that "the child would be a daughter of
+God." She became a nun, and lived and died in Winchester.
+
+EAGLE (_The_), ensign of the Roman legion. Before the Cimbrian war,
+the wolf, the horse, and the boar were also borne as ensigns, but
+Marius abolished these, and retained the eagle only, hence called
+emphatically "The Roman Bird."
+
+_Eagle (The Theban)_, Pindar, a native of Thebes (B.C. 518-442).
+
+EAGLE OF BRITTANY, Bertrand Duguesclin, constable of France
+(1320-1380).
+
+EAGLE OF DIVINES, Thomas Aqui'nas (1224-1274).
+
+EAGLE OF MEAUX [_Mo_], Jacques Benigne Bossuet, bishop of Meaux
+(1627-1704).
+
+EAGLE OF THE DOCTORS OF FRANCE, Pierre d'Ailly, a great astrologer,
+who maintained that the stars foretold the great flood (1350-1425).
+
+EARNSCLIFFE (_Patrick_), the young laird of Earnscliffe.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+EASTWARD HO! a comedy by Chapman, Marston, and Ben Jonson. For this
+drama the three authors were imprisoned "for disrespect to their
+sovereign lord, King James I." (1605). (See WESTWARD Ho!).
+
+EASTY (_Mary_), a woman of Salem (Mass), convicted of witchcraft,
+sends before her death a petition to the court, asserting her
+innocence. Of her accusers she says: "I know, and the Lord, He knows
+(as will shortly appear), that they belie me, and so I question not
+but they do others. The Lord alone, who is the searcher of all hearts
+knows, as I shall answer it at the tribunal seat, that I know not the
+least thing of witchcraft. Therefore I cannot, I durst not, belie
+my own soul."--Robert Caleb, _More Wonders of the Invisible World_
+(1700).
+
+EASY (_Midshipman_), hero of Marryatt's sea-story of same name.
+
+_Easy (Sir Charles)_, a man who hates trouble; "so lazy, even in his
+pleasures, that he would rather lose the woman of his pursuit, than
+go through any trouble in securing or keeping her." He says he is
+resolved in future to "follow no pleasure that rises above the degree
+of amusement." "When once a woman comes to reproach me with vows, and
+usage, and such stuff, I would as soon hear her talk of bills, bonds,
+and ejectments; her passion becomes as troublesome as a law-suit, and
+I would as soon converse with my solicitor." (act iii.).
+
+_Lady Easy_, wife of Sir Charles, who dearly loves him, and knows
+all his "naughty ways," but never shows the slightest indication of
+ill-temper or jealousy. At last she wholly reclaims him.--Colley
+Cibber, _The Careless Husband_ (1704).
+
+EATON THEOPHILUS (_Governor_). In his eulogy upon Governor Eaton, Dr.
+Cotton Mather lays stress upon the distinction drawn by that eminent
+Christian man between stoicism and resignation.
+
+"There is a difference between a sullen silence or a stupid
+senselessness under the hand of GOD, and a childlike submission
+thereunto."
+
+"In his daily life", we are told, "he was affable, courteous, and
+generally pleasant, but grave perpetually, and so courteous and
+circumspect in his discourses, and so modest in his expressions, that
+it became a proverb for incontestable truth,"--"Governor Eaton said
+it."--Cotton Mather, _Magnolia Christi Americana_ (1702).
+
+EBERSON (_Ear_), the young son of William de la Marck, "The Wild Boar
+of Ardennes."--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
+
+EBLIS, monarch of the spirits of evil. Once an angel of light, but,
+refusing to worship Adam, he lost his high estate. Before his fall he
+was called Aza'zel. The _Koran_ says: "When We [_God_] said unto the
+angels, 'Worship Adam,' they all worshipped except Eblis, who refused
+... and became of the number of unbelievers" (ch. ii.).
+
+EBON SPEAR (_Knight of the_), Britomart, daughter of King Ryence of
+Wales.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. (1590).
+
+EBRAUC, son of Mempric (son of Guendolen and Madden) mythical king
+of England. He built Kaer-brauc [_York_], about the time that David
+reigned in Judea.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 7 (1142).
+
+  By Ebrauk's powerful hand
+  York lifts her towers aloft.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY (_The Father of_), Eusebius of Caesarea
+(264-340).
+
+[Illustration] His _Historia Fcclesiastica_, in ten books, begins
+with the birth of Christ and concludes with the defeat of Licinius by
+Constantine, A.D. 324.
+
+ECHEPH'RON, an old soldier, who rebuked the advisers of King
+Picrochole (3 _syl_.), by relating to them the fable of _The Man and
+his Ha'p'orth of Milk_. The fable is as follows:--
+
+A shoemaker brought a ha'poth of milk: with this he was going to make
+butter; the butter was to buy a cow; the cow was to have a calf; the
+calf was to be changed for a colt; and the man was to become a nabob;
+only he cracked his jug, spilt his milk, and went supperless to
+bed.--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, i. 33 (1533.)
+
+This fable is told in the _Arabian Nights_ ("The Barber's Fifth
+Brother, Alnas-char.") Lafontaine has put it into verse, _Perrette et
+le Pot au Lait_. Dodsley has the same, _The Milk-maid and her Pail of
+Milk_.
+
+ECHO, in classic poetry, is a female, and in English also; but in
+Ossian echo is called "the son of the rock."--_Songs of Selma._
+
+ECK'HART _(The Trusty_), a good servant, who perishes to save his
+master's children from the mountain fiends.--Louis Tieck.
+
+(Carlyle has translated this tale into English.)
+
+ECLECTA, the "Elect" personified in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas
+Fletcher. She is the daughter of Intellect and Voleta _(free-will)_,
+and ultimately becomes the bride of Jesus Christ, "the bridegroom"
+(canto xii., 1633).
+
+But let the Kentish lad [_Phineas Fletcher_] ... that sung and crowned
+Eclecta's hymen with ten thousand flowers Of choicest praise ... be
+the sweet pipe.
+
+Giles Fletcher, _Christ's Triumph, etc_, (1610).
+
+ECOLE DES FEMMES, a comedy of Moliere, the plot of which is borrowed
+from the novelletti of _Ser Giovanni_ (1378.)
+
+ECTOR (_Sir_), lord of many parts of England and Wales, and
+foster-father of Prince Arthur. His son Sir Key or Kay, was seneschal
+or steward of Arthur when he became king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 3 (1470.)
+
+[Illustration] Sir Ector and Sir Ector de Maris were two distinct
+persons.
+
+ECTOR DE MARIS (_Sir_), brother "of Sir Launcelot" of Benwick, _i.e._
+Brittany.
+
+
+Then Sir Ector threw his shield, his sword, and his helm from him, and
+... he fell down in a swoon; and when he awaked, it were hard for any
+tongue to tell the doleful complaints [_lamentations_] that he made
+for his brother. "Ah, Sir Launcelot" said he "head of all Christian
+knights." ... etc.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii.
+176 (1470.)
+
+EDEN (_A Journey to the land of_), Col. William Evelyn Byrd of
+Westover Virginia gives this name to a tract of Southern Virginia
+surveyed under his direction and visited by him in one of his numerous
+expeditions for the good of the young colony.
+
+(Colonel Byrd laid out upon his own ground the cities of Richmond and
+Petersburgh, Va.)--William Evelyn Byrd, _Westover MSS._ (1728-39).
+
+_Eden_, in America. A dismal swamp, the climate of which generally
+proved fatal to the poor dupes who were induced to settle there
+through the swindling transactions of General Scadder and General
+Choke. So dismal and dangerous was the place, that even Mark Tapley
+was satisfied to have found at last a place where he could "come out
+jolly with credit."--C. Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).
+
+EDENHALL (_The Luck of_) an old painted goblet, left by the fairies
+on St. Cuthbert's Well in the garden of Edenhall. The superstition is
+that if ever this goblet is lost or broken, there will be no more
+luck in the family. The goblet is in possession of Sir Christopher
+Musgrave, bart. Edenhall, Cumberland.
+
+[Illustration] Longfellow has a poem on _The Luck of Edenhall_,
+translated from Uhland.
+
+EDGAR (959-775), "king of all the English," was not crowned till he
+had reigned thirteen years (A.D. 973). Then the ceremony was performed
+at Bath. After this he sailed to Chester, and eight of his vassal
+kings came with their fleets to pay him homage, and swear fealty to
+him by land and sea. The eight are Kenneth (_king of Scots_), Malcolm
+(_of Cumberland_), Maccus (_of the Isles_), and five Welsh princes,
+whose names were Dufnal, Siferth, Huwal, Jacob, and Juchil. The eight
+kings rowed Edgar in a boat (while he acted as steersman) from Chester
+to St. John's, where they offered prayer and then returned.
+
+  At Chester, while he, [_Edgar_] lived at more than kingly charge.
+  Eight tributary kings they rowed him in his barge.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+_Edgar_, son of Gloucester, and his lawful heir. He was disinherited
+by Edmund, natural son of the earl.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+[Illustration] This was one of the characters of Robert Wilks
+(1670-1732), and also of Charles Kemble (1774-1854).
+
+_Edgar_, master of Ravenswood, son of Allan of Ravenswood (a decayed
+Scotch nobleman). Lucy Ashton, being attacked by a wild bull, is saved
+by Edgar, who shoots it; and the two falling in love with each other,
+plight their mutual troth, and exchange love-tokens at the "Mermaid's
+Fountain." While Edgar is absent in France on State affairs, Sir
+William Ashton, being deprived of his office as lord keeper, is
+induced to promise his daughter Lucy in marriage to Frank Hayston,
+laird of Bucklaw, and they are married; but next morning, Bucklaw is
+found wounded and the bride hidden in the chimney-corner insane. Lucy
+dies in convulsions, but Bucklaw recovers and goes abroad. Edgar is
+lost in the quick-sands at Kelpies Flow, in accordance with an ancient
+prophecy. Sir W. Scott, _Bride of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
+
+[Illustration] In the opera, Edgar is made to stab himself.
+
+_Edgar_, an attendant on Prince Robert of Scotland.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Fair Maid of Perth_ (time Henry IV.).
+
+EDGARDO, master of Ravenswood, in love with Lucia di Lammermoor [_Lucy
+Ashton_]. While absent in France on State affairs, the lady is led to
+believe him faithless, and consents to marry the laird of Bucklaw; but
+she stabs him on the bridal night, goes mad, and dies. Edgardo also
+stabs himself. Donizetti, _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835).
+
+[Illustration] In the novel called _The Bride of Lammermoor_, by
+Sir W. Scott, Edgar is lost in the quicksands at Kelpies Flow, in
+accordance with an ancient prophecy.
+
+EDGEWOOD (_L'Abbe_), who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold, was
+called "Mons. de Firmount," a corruption of Fairymount, in Longford
+(Ireland), where the Edgeworths had extensive domains.
+
+EDGING (_Mistress_), a prying, mischief making waiting-woman, in _The
+Careless Husband_, by Colly Cibber (1704.) EDITH (_Leete_). Name of
+the two girls beloved and won by Julian West in his first and second
+lives.--Edward Bellamy, _Looking Backward_ (1888).
+
+_Edith_, daughter of Baldwin, the tutor of Rollo and Otto, dukes of
+Normandy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Bloody Brother_ (1639).
+
+_Edith_, the "maid of Lorn" (_Argyllshire_), was on the point of being
+married to Lord Ronald, when Robert, Edward, and Isabel Bruce sought
+shelter at the castle. Edith's brother recognized Robert Bruce, and
+being in the English interest a quarrel ensued. The abbot refused
+to marry the bridal pair amidst such discord. Edith fled and in the
+character of a page had many adventures, but at the restoration of
+peace, after the battle of Bannockburn, was duly married to Lord
+Ronald.--Sir W. Scott, _Lord of the Isles_ (1815).
+
+_Edith (the lady)_, mother of Athelstane "the Unready" (thane of
+Conningsburgh).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Edith_ [GRANGER], daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Skewton, married at the
+age of 18 to Colonel Granger of "Ours," who died within two years,
+when Edith and her mother lived as adventuresses. Edith became Mr.
+Dombey's second wife, but the marriage was altogether an unhappy one,
+and she eloped with Mr. Carker to Dijon, where she left him, having
+taken this foolish step merely to annoy her husband for the slights to
+which he had subjected her. On leaving Carker she went to live with
+her cousin Feenix, in the south of England.--C. Dickens, _Dombey and
+Son_ (1846).
+
+EDITH PLANTAGENET (_The lady_), called "The Fair Maid of Anjou," a
+kinswoman of Richard I., and attendant of Queen Berenga'ria. She
+married David, earl of Huntingdon (prince royal of Scotland), and is
+introduced by Sir W. Scott in _The Talisman_ (1825).
+
+EDMUND, natural son of the earl of Gloucester. Both Goneril and Regan
+(daughters of King Lear) were in love with him. Regan, on the death of
+her husband, designed to marry Edmund, but Goneril, out of jealousy,
+poisoned her sister Regan.--Shakespeare, _King Lear_ (1605).
+
+_Edmund Andros_. In a letter to English friends (1698) Nathaniel
+Byfield writes particulars of the revolt in the New England Colonies
+against the royal governor, Sir Edmund Andros.
+
+  "We have, also, advice that on Friday last
+  Sir Edmund Andros did attempt to make an
+  escape in woman's apparel, and passed two
+  guards and was stopped at the third, being discovered
+  by his shoes, not having changed
+  them." Nathaniel Byfield.--_An Account of the
+  Late Revolution in New England_ (1689).
+
+_Edmund Dante_ (See MONTE CRISTO).
+
+EDO'NIAN BANE (_The_), priestesses and other ministers of Bacchus,
+so called from Edo'nus, a mountain of Thrace, where the rites of the
+wine-god were celebrated.
+
+  Accept the rites your bounty well may claim,
+  Nor heed the scoffing of th' Edonian band.
+
+  Akinside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).
+
+EDRIC, a domestic at Hereward's barracks.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert
+of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+EDWARD, brother of Hereward the Varangian guard. He was slain in
+battle.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus). _Edward
+(Sir)._ He commits a murder, and keeps a narrative of the transaction
+in an iron chest. Wilford, a young man who acts as his secretary, was
+one day caught prying into this chest, and Sir Edward's first impulse
+was to kill him; but on second thought he swore the young man to
+secrecy, and told him the story of the murder. Wilford, unable to live
+under the suspicious eye of Sir Edward, ran away; but was hunted down
+by Edward, and accused of robbery. The whole transaction now became
+public, and Wilford was acquitted.--G. Colman, _The Iron Chest_
+(1796).
+
+[Illustration] This drama is based on Goodwin's novel of _Caleb
+Williams_. "Williams" is called _Wilford_ in the drama, and "Falkland"
+is called _Sir Edward_.
+
+  Sowerby, whose mind was always in a ferment,
+  was wont to commit the most ridiculous
+  mistakes. Thus when "Sir Edward" says to
+  "Wilford," "You may have noticed in my
+  library a chest," he transposes the words thus:
+  "You may have noticed in my chest a library,"
+  and the house was convulsed with laughter.--
+  Russell, _Representative Actors_ (appendix).
+
+EDWARD II., a tragedy by C. Marlowe (1592), imitated by Shakespeare in
+his _Richard II_. (1597). Probably most readers would prefer Marlowe's
+noble tragedy to Shakespeare's.
+
+EDWARD IV. of England, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel
+entitled _Anne_ of _Geierstein_ (1829).
+
+EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, a tragedy by W. Shirley (1640). The subject
+of this drama is the victory of Poitiers.
+
+  Yes, Philip lost the battle [_Cressy_] with the odds
+  Of three to one. In this [_Poitiers_]...
+  The have our numbers more than twelve times
+  told,
+  If we can trust report.
+
+  Act iii. 2.
+
+ED'WIDGE, wife of William Tell.--Rossini, _Guglielmo Tell_ (1829).
+
+EDWIN "the minstrel," a youth living in romantic seclusion, with a
+great thirst for knowledge. He lived in Gothic days in the north
+countrie, and fed his flocks on Scotia's mountains.
+
+  And yet poor Edwin was no vulgar boy,
+  Deep thought oft seemed to fix his infant eye,
+  Danties he heeded not, nor gaude, nor toy,
+  Save one short pipe of rudest ministrelsy;
+  Silent when glad, affectionate, yet shy ...
+  And now he laughed aloud, yet none knew why.
+  The neighbors stared and sighed, yet blessed the
+  lad;
+
+  Some deemed him wonderous wise, and some believed
+  him mad.
+  Beattie, _The Minstrel_, 1. (1773).
+
+EDWIN AND ANGELI'NA. Angelina was the daughter of a wealthy lord,
+"beside the Tyne." Her hand was sought in marriage by many suitors,
+amongst whom was Edwin, "who had neither wealth nor power, but he had
+both wisdom and worth." Angelina loved him, but "trifled with him,"
+and Edwin, in despair, left her and retired from the world. One day,
+Angelina, in boy's clothes, asked hospitality at a hermit's cell; she
+was kindly entertained, told her tale, and the hermit proved to
+be Edwin. From that hour they never parted more.--Goldsmith, _The
+Hermit._
+
+A correspondent accuses me of having taken this ballad from _The Friar
+of Orders Gray_ ... but if there is any resemblance between the two,
+Mr. Percy's ballad is taken from mine. I read my ballad to Mr. Percy,
+and he told me afterwards that he had taken my plan to form the
+fragments of Shakespeare into a ballad of his own.--Signed, O.
+Goldsmith, 1767.
+
+EDWIN AND EMMA. Emma was a rustic beauty of Stanemore, who loved Edwin
+"the pride of swains;" but Edwin's sister, out of envy, induced his
+father, "a sordid man," to forbid any intercourse between Edwin and
+the cottage. Edwin pined away, and being on the point of death,
+requested he might be allowed to see Emma. She came and said to him,
+"My Edwin, live for me;" but on her way home she heard the death bell
+toll. She just contrived to reach her cottage door, cried to her
+mother, "He's gone!" and fell down dead at her feet.--Mallet, _Edwin
+and Emma_ (a ballad).
+
+ED'YRN, son of Nudd. He ousted the earl of Yn'iol from his earldom,
+and tried to to win E'nid, the earl's daughter, but failing in this,
+became the evil genius of the gentle earl. Ultimately, being sent
+to the court of King Arthur, he became quite a changed man--from
+a malicious "sparrow-hawk" he was converted into a courteous
+gentleman.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Enid").
+
+EFESO (_St_.), a saint honored in Pisa. He was a Roman officer
+[_Ephesus_] in the service of Diocletian, whose reign was marked by
+a great persecution of the Christians. This Efeso or Ephesus was
+appointed to see the decree of the emperor against the obnoxious sect
+carried out in the island of Sardinia; but being warned in a dream not
+to persecute the servants of the Lord, both he and his friend Potito
+embraced Christianity, and received a standard from Michael the
+archangel himself. On one occasion, being taken captive, St. Efeso was
+cast into a furnace of fire, but received no injury; whereas those who
+cast him in were consumed by the flames. Ultimately, both Efeso and
+Potito suffered martyrdom, and were buried in the island of Sardinia.
+When, however, that island was conquered by Pisa in the eleventh
+century, the relics of the two martyrs were carried off and interred
+in the duomo of Pisa, and the banner of St. Efeso was thenceforth
+adopted as the national ensign of Pisa.
+
+EGALITE (_Philippe_), the duc d'Orleans, father of Louis Philippe,
+king of France. He himself assumed this "title" when he joined the
+revolutionary party, whose motto was "Liberty, Fraternity, and
+Egalite" (born 1747, guillotined 1793).
+
+EGE'US (3 _syl_.), father of Her'mia. He summoned her before The'seus
+(2 _syl_.), duke of Athens, because she refused to marry Demetrius, to
+whom he had promised her in marriage; and he requested that she might
+either be compelled to marry him or else be dealt with "according to
+law," _i.e._ "either to die the death," or else to "endure the livery
+of a nun, and live a barren sister all her life." Hermia refused to
+submit to an "unwished yoke," and fled from Athens with Lysander.
+Demetrius, seeing that Hermia disliked him but that Hel'ena doted on
+him, consented to abandon the one and wed the other. When Egeus was
+informed thereof, he withdrew his summons, and gave his consent to the
+union of his daughter with Lysander.--Shakespeare, _Midsummer Night's
+Dream_ (1592).
+
+[Illustration] S. Knowles, in _The Wife_, makes the plot turn on a
+similar "law of marriage" (1833).
+
+E'GIL, brother of Weland; a great archer. One day, King Nidung
+commanded him to shoot at an apple placed on the head of his own son.
+Egil selected two arrows, and being asked why he wanted two, replied,
+"One to shoot thee with, O tyrant, if I fail."
+
+(This is one of the many stories similar to that of _William Tell,
+q.v._) EGILO'NA, the wife of Roderick, last of the Gothic kings of
+Spain. She was very beautiful, but cold-hearted, vain, and fond of
+pomp. After the fall of Roderick, Egilona married Abdal-Aziz, the
+Moorish governor of Spain; and when Abdal-Aziz was killed by the
+Moorish rebels, Egilona fell also.
+
+  The popular rage
+  Fell on them both; and they to whom her name
+  Had been a mark for mockery and reproach,
+  Shuddered with human horror at her fate.
+
+  Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xxii. (1814).
+
+EG'IA, a female Moor, a servant to Amaranta (wife of Bar'tolus, the
+covetous lawyer).--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Spanish Curate_ (1622).
+
+EG'LAMOUR (_Sir_) or SIR EGLAMORE of Artoys, a knight of Arthurian
+romance. Sir Eglamour and Sir Pleindamour have no French original,
+although the names themselves are French.
+
+_Eg'lamour_, the person who aids Silvia, daughter of the duke of
+Milan, in her escape.--Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_
+(1594).
+
+EGLANTINE (3 _syl_.). daughter of King Pepin, and bride of her cousin
+Valentine (brother of Orson). She soon died.--_Valentine and Orson_
+(fifteenth century).
+
+_Eglantine (Madame)_, the prioress; good-natured, wholly ignorant
+of the world, vain of her delicacy of manner at table, and fond of
+lap-dogs. Her dainty oath was "By Saint Eloy!" She "entuned the
+service swetely in her nose," and spoke French "after the scole of
+Stratford-atte-Bowe."--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388).
+
+EGMONT. Dutch patriot executed by order of Philip II. of
+Spain.--Goethe's _Egmont_ (1788).
+
+EGYPT, in Dryden's satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, means France.
+
+  Egypt and Tyrus [_Holland_] intercept your
+  trade.
+  Part i. (1681).
+
+EGYPTIAN PRINCESS. Nitetis, the real daughter of Hophra, king of
+Egypt, and the assumed daughter of Amases, his successor. She was
+sent to Persia, as the bride of Cambyses, the king, but before
+their marriage, was falsely accused of infidelity, and committed
+suicide.--George Ebers, _An Egyptian Princess_.
+
+EGYPTIAN THIEF (_The_), Thyamis, a native of Memphis. Knowing he must
+die, he tried to kill Chariclea, the woman he loved.
+
+  Why should I not, had I the heart to do it,
+  Like to th' Egyptian thief at point of death,
+  Kill what I love?
+  Shakespeare, _Twelth Night_, act v. sc. 1 (1614).
+
+EIGHTH WONDER (_The_). When Gil Blas reached Pennaflor, a parasite
+entered his room in the inn, hugged him with great energy, and called
+him the "eighth wonder." When Gil Blas replied that he did not know
+his name had spread so far, the parasite exclaimed, "How! we keep a
+register of all the celebrated names within twenty leagues, and have
+no doubt Spain will one day be as proud of you as Greece was of the
+seven sages." After this, Gil Blas could do no less than ask the man
+to sup with him. Omelet after omelet was despatched, trout was called
+for, bottle followed bottle, and when the parasite was gorged to
+satiety, he rose and said, "Signor Gil Blas, don't believe yourself to
+be the eighth wonder of the world because a hungry man would feast
+by flattering your vanity." So saying, he stalked away with a
+laugh.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, i. 2 (1715).
+
+(This incident is copied from Aleman's romance of _Guzman d'
+Alfarache, q.v._)
+
+EIKON BASIL'IKE (4 _syl_.), the portraiture of a king _(i.e._ Charles
+I.), once attributed to King Charles himself; but now admitted to be
+the production of Dr. John Gauden, who (after the restoration) was
+first created Bishop of Exeter, and then of Worcester (1605-1662).
+
+In the _Eikon Basilike_ a strain of majestic melancholy is kept up,
+but the personated sovereign is rather too theatrical for real
+nature, the language is too rhetorical and amplified, the periods too
+artificially elaborated.--Hallam, _Literature of Europe_, iii. 662.
+
+(Milton wrote his _Eikonoclasets_ in answer to Dr. Gauden's _Eikon
+Baslike_.)
+
+EINER'IAR, the hall of Odin, and asylum of warriors slain in battle.
+It had 540 gates, each sufficiently wide to admit eight men abreast to
+pass through.--_Scandinavian Mythology._
+
+EINION (_Father_), Chaplain to Gwenwyn Prince of Powys-land.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry II.).
+
+EIROS. Imaginary personage, who in the other world holds converse with
+"Charmion" upon the tragedy that has wrecked the world. The cause of
+the ruin was "the extraction of the nitrogen from the atmosphere."
+
+  "The whole incumbent mass of ether in which
+  we existed burst at once into a species of intense
+  flame for whose surpassing brilliancy and all
+  fervid heat even the angels in the high Heaven
+  of pure knowledge have no name. Thus ended
+  all."--Edgar Allen Poe, _Conversation of Eiros and
+  Charmion_ (1849).
+
+ELVIR, a Danish maid, who assumes boy's clothing, and waits on Harold
+"the Dauntless," as his page! Subsequently her sex is discovered, and
+Harold marries her.--Sir. W. Scott, _Harold the Dauntless_ (1817).
+
+ELAIN, sister of King Arthur by the same mother. She married Sir
+Nentres of Carlot, and was by King Arthur the mother of Mordred. (See
+ELEIN)--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. (1470).
+
+[Illustration] In some of the romances there is great confusion
+between Elain (the sister) and Morgause (the half-sister) of Arthur.
+Both are called the mother of Mordred, and both are also called the
+wife of Lot. This, however, is a mistake. Elain was the wife of Sir
+Nentres, and Morgause of Lot; and if Gawain, Agrawain, Gareth and
+Gaheris were [half] brothers of Mordred, as we are told over and over
+again, then Morgause and not Elain was his mother. Tennyson makes
+Bellicent the wife of Lot, but this is not in accordance with any of
+the legends collected by Sir T. Malory.
+
+ELAINE (_Dame_), daughter of King Pelles (2 _syl_.) "the foragn
+country," and the unwedded mother of Sir Galahad by Sir Launcelot du
+Lac.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, iii. 1 (1470).
+
+_Elaine_, daughter of King Brandeg'oris, by whom Sir Bors de Ganis had
+a child.
+
+[Illustration] It is by no means clear from the history whether Elaine
+was the daughter of King Brandegoris, or the daughter of Sir Bors and
+granddaughter of King Brandegoris.
+
+_Elaine_' (2 _syl_.), the strong contrast of Guinevere. Guinevere's
+love for Launcelot was gross and sensual, Elaine's was platonic and
+pure as that of a child; but both were masterful in their strength.
+Elaine is called "the lily maid of Astolat" (_Guildford_), and knowing
+that Launcelot was pledged to celibacy, she pined and died. According
+to her dying request, her dead body was placed on a bed in a barge,
+and was thus conveyed by a dumb servitor to the palace of King Arthur.
+A letter was handed to the king, telling the tale of Elaine's love,
+and the king ordered the body to be buried, and her story to be
+blazoned on her tomb.--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Elaine").
+
+EL'AMITES (3 _syl_.), Persians. So called from Elam, son of Shem.
+
+EL'BERICH, the most famous dwarf of German romance.--_The Heldenbuch_.
+
+EL'BOW, a well-meaning but loutish constable.--Shakespeare, _Measure
+for Measure_ (1603).
+
+EL'EANOR, queen-consort of Henry II., alluded to by the Presbyterian
+minister in _Woodstock_, x. (1826).
+
+  "Believe me, young man, thy servant was
+  more likely to see visions than to dream idle
+  dreams in that apartment; for I have always
+  heard that, next to Rosamond's Bower, in which
+  ... she played the wanton, and was afterwards
+  poisoned by Queen Eleanor, Victor Lee's
+  chamber was the place ... peculiarly the
+  haunt of evil spirits."--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+  (time, Commonwealth).
+
+ELEANOR CROSSES, twelve or fourteen crosses erected by Edward I. in
+the various towns where the body of his queen rested, when it was
+conveyed from Herdelie, near Lincoln, to Westminster. The three that
+still remain are Geddington, Northampton, and Waltham. ELEAZAR the
+Moor, insolent, bloodthirsty, lustful, and vindictive, like "Aaron,"
+in [Shakespeare's?] _Titus An-dron'icus._ The lascivious queen of
+Spain is in love with this monster.--C. Marlowe, _Lust's dominion_ or
+_The Lascivious Queen_ (1588).
+
+_Elea'zar_, a famous mathematician, who cast out devils by tying to
+the nose of the possessed a mystical ring, which the demon no sooner
+smelled than he abandoned the victim. He performed before the Emperor
+Vespasian; and to prove that something came out of the possessed, he
+commanded the demon in making off to upset a pitcher of water, which
+it did.
+
+  I imagine if Eleazar's ring had been put under
+  their noses, we should have seen devils issue with
+  their breath, so loud were these disputants.--
+  Lesage, _Gil Blas_, v. 12 (1724).
+
+ELECTOR (_The Great_), Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-1688).
+
+ELEIN, wife of King Ban of Benwick (_Brittany_), and mother of Sir
+Launcelot and Sir Lionell. (See ELAIN.)--Sir T. Malory, _History of
+Prince Arthur_, i. 60 (1470)
+
+ELEVEN THOUSAND VIRGINS (_The_), the virgins who followed St. Ur'sula
+in her flight towards Rome. They were all massacred at Cologne by a
+party of Huns, and even to the present hour "their bones" are shown
+lining the whole interior of the Church of Ste. Ursula.
+
+A calendar in the Freisingen codex notices them as "SS. M. XL
+VIRGINUM," this is, eleven virgin martyrs; but "M" (martyrs) being
+taken for 1000, we get 11,000. It is furthermore remarkable that the
+number of names known of these virgins is eleven; (1) Ursula, (2)
+Sencia, (3) Gregoria, (4) Pinnosa, (5) Martha, (6) Saula, (7)
+Brittola, (8) Saturnina, (9) Rabacia or Sabatia, (10) Saturia or
+Saturnia, and (11) Palladia.
+
+ELFENREIGEN [_el.f'n-ri.gn_] (4 _syl_.) or Alpleich, that weird music
+with which Bunting, the pied piper of Hamelin, led forth the rats
+into the river Weser, and the children into a cave in the mountain
+Koppenberg. The song of the sirens is so called.
+
+EL'FETA, wife of Cambuscan', king of Tartary.
+
+EL'FLIDA or AETHELFLAEDA, daughter of King Alfred, and wife of
+Aethelred, chief of that part of Mercia not claimed by the Danes. She
+was a woman of enormous energy and masculine mind. At the death of her
+husband, she ruled over Mercia, and proceeded to fortify city after
+city, as Bridgenorth, Tamworth, Warwick, Hertford, Witham, and so on.
+Then attacking the Danes, she drove them from place to place, and kept
+them from molesting her.
+
+  When Elflida up-grew ...
+  The puissant Danish powers victoriously pursued,
+  And resolutely here thro' their thick squadrons hewed
+  Her way into the north.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).
+
+ELFRIDE (_Swancourt_). Blue-eyed girl, betrothed first to Stephen
+Smith; afterwards she loves passionately Henry Knight. He leaves
+her in pique, and she weds Lord Luxellian, dying soon after the
+marriage.--Thomas Hardy, _A Pair of Blue Eyes_ (1873).
+
+ELF'THRYTH or AELF'THRYTH, daughter of Ordgar, noted for her great
+beauty. King Edgar sent Aethelwald, his friend, to ascertain if she
+were really as beautiful as report made her out to be. When AEthelwald
+saw her he fell in love with her, and then, returning to the king,
+said she was not handsome enough for the king, but was rich enough to
+make a very eligible wife for himself. The king assented to the match,
+and became godfather to the first child, who was called Edgar. One
+day the king told his friend he intended to pay him a visit, and
+Aethelwald revealed to his wife the story of his deceit, imploring
+her at the same time to conceal her beauty. But Elfthryth, extremely
+indignant, did all she could to set forth her beauty. The king fell in
+love with her, slew Aethelwald, and married the widow.
+
+A similar story is told by Herodotus; Prexaspes being the lady's name,
+and Kambyses the king's.
+
+EL'GITHA, a female attendant at Rotherwood on the Lady Rowe'na.--Sir
+W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+E'LIA, pseudonym of Charles Lamb, author of the _Essays of Elia_
+(1823).--_London Magazine_.
+
+ELI'AB, in the satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, by Dry den and
+Tate, is Henry Bennet, earl of Arlington. As Eliab befriended David (1
+_Chron_. xii. 9), so the earl befriended Charles II.
+
+  Hard the task to do Eliab right;
+  Long with the royal wanderer he roved,
+  And firm in all the turns of fortune proved.
+
+  _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+E'LIAN GOD (_The_), Bacchus. An error for 'Eleuan, _i.e._ "the god
+Eleleus" (3 _syl_). Bacchus was called _El'eleus_ from the Bacchic
+cry, _eleleu_!
+
+  As when with crowned cups unto the Elian god
+  Those priests high orgies held.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612).
+EL'IDURE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "the Pious," brother of Gorbonian, and
+one of the five sons of Morvi'dus (_q.v._). He resigned the crown to
+his brother Arthgallo, who had been deposed. Ten years afterwards,
+Arthgallo died, and Elidure was again advanced to the throne, but was
+deposed and imprisoned by his two younger brothers. At the death of
+these two brothers, Elidure was taken from prison, and mounted the
+British throne for the third time.--Geoffrey, _British History_, iii.
+17,18 (1470).
+
+  Then Elidure again, crowned with applausive praise,
+  As he a brother raised, by brothers was deposed
+  And put into the Tower ... but, the usurpers dead,
+  Thrice was the British crown set on his reverend head.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, viii. (1612).
+
+[Illustration] Wordsworth has a poem on this subject.
+
+ELIJAH FED BY RAVENS. While Elijah was at the brook Cherith, in
+concealment, ravens brought him food every morning and evening.--1
+_Kings_ xvii. 6.
+
+A strange parallel is recorded of Wyat, in the reign of Richard III.
+The king cast him into prison, and when he was nearly starved to
+death, a cat appeared at the window-grating, and dropped into his hand
+a pigeon, which the warder cooked for him. This was repeated daily.
+
+E'LIM, the guardian angel of Lebbeus (3 _syl_.) the apostle. Lebbeus,
+the softest and most tender of the twelve, at the death of Jesus
+"sank under the burden of his grief."--Klopstock, _The Messiah_, iii.
+(1748).
+
+ELINOR GREY, self-poised daughter of a statesman in Frank Lee
+Benedict's novel, _My Daughter Elinor_ (1869). EL'ION, consort of
+Beruth, and father of Che.--Sanchoniathon.
+
+ELIOT (_John_). Of the Apostle to the North American Indians, Dr.
+Cotton Mather writes:
+
+  "He that will write of Eliot must write of
+  charity, or say nothing. His charity was a star
+  of the first magnitude in the bright constellation
+  of his virtues, and the rays of it were wonderfully
+  various and extensive."--Cotton Mather,
+  _Magna Christi Americana_ (1702).
+
+_Eliot (George)_, Marian Evans (or "Mrs. Marian Lewes"), author of
+_Adam Bede_ (1858), _Mill on the Floss_ (1860), _Silas Marner_ (1861),
+etc.
+
+ELISA, often written ELIZA in English, Dido, queen of Carthage.
+
+  ... nec me meminisse pigebit Elisae,
+  Dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos reget artus.
+
+  Virgil, _Aeneid_, iv. 335, 336.
+
+  So to Eliza dawned that cruel day
+  Which tore AEneas from her sight away,
+  That saw him parting, never to return,
+  Herself in funeral flames decreed to burn.
+
+  Falconer, _The Shipwreck_, iii. 4 (1756).
+
+ELIS'ABAT, a famous surgeon, who attended Queen Madasi'ma in all her
+solitary wanderings, and was her sole companion.--_Amadis de Gaul_
+(fifteenth century).
+
+ELISABETH OU LES EXILES DE SIBERIE, a tale by Madame Cottin
+(1773-1807). The family being exiled for some political offence,
+Elizabeth walked all the way from Siberia to Russia, to crave pardon
+of the Czar. She obtained her prayer, and the family returned.
+
+ELISABETHA (_Miss_). "She is not young. The tall, spare form stiffly
+erect, the little wisp of hair behind ceremoniously braided and
+adorned with a high comb, the long, thin hands and the fine network of
+wrinkles over her pellucid, colorless cheeks, tell this." But she is
+a gentlewoman, with generations of gentlewomen back of her, and lives
+for Doro, her orphan ward, whom she has taught music. She loved his
+father, and for his sake--and his own--loves the boy. She works for
+him, hoards for him, and is ambitious for him only. When he grows up
+and marries a lowborn girl,--"a Minorcan"--and fills the old home with
+rude children, who break the piano-wires, the old aunt slaves for
+them. After he dies, a middle-aged man, she does not leave them.
+
+"I saw her last year--an old woman, but working still."--Constance
+Fennimore Woolson, _Southern Sketches_ (1880).
+
+ELISE (2 _syl_.), the motherless child of Harpagon the miser. She was
+affianced to Valere, by whom she had been "rescued from the waves."
+Valere turns out to be the son of Don Thomas d'Alburci, a wealthy
+nobleman of Naples.--Moliere, _L'Avare_ (1667).
+
+ELIS'SA, step-sister of Medi'na and Perissa. They could never agree
+upon any subject.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, ii. 2 (1590).
+
+"Medina" (_the golden mean_), "Elissa" and "Perissa" (_the two
+extremes_).
+
+ELIZABETH (_Le Marchant_.) Nice girl whose life is, darkened by a
+frustrated elopement, by which she is apparently compromised. All
+comes well in the end.--Rhoda Broughton, _Alas!_ (1890).
+
+_Elizabeth (The Queen)_, haughty, imperious, but devoted to her
+people. She loved the earl of Essex, and, when she heard that he was
+married to the countess of Rutland, exclaimed that she never "knew
+sorrow before." The queen gave Essex a ring after his rebellion,
+saying, "Here, from my finger take this ring, a pledge of mercy; and
+whensoe'er you send it back, I swear that I will grant whatever boon
+you ask." After his condemnation, Essex sent the ring to the queen by
+the countess of Nottingham, craving that her most gracious majesty
+would spare the life of Lord Southampton; but the countess, from
+jealousy, did not give it to the queen. The queen sent a reprieve for
+Essex, but Burleigh took care that it came too late, and the earl was
+beheaded as a traitor.--Henry Jones, _The Earl of Essex_ (1745).
+
+_Elizabeth (Queen)_, introduced by Sir W. Scott in his novel called
+_Kenilworth_.
+
+ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY (_St._), patron saint of queens, being herself a
+queen. Her day is July 9 (1207-1231).
+
+ELLEN (_Montgomery_). The orphaned heroine of Susan Warner's story,
+_The Wide, Wide World_ (1851.)
+
+_Ellen (Wade)_. Girl of eighteen who travels and camps with the family
+of Ishmael Bush, although many grades above them in education and
+refinement. Betrothed to Paul Hover, the bee-hunter.--James Fennimore
+Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827).
+
+ELLESMERE (_Mistress_), the head domestic of Lady Peveril.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+ELLIOTT, (_Hobbie, i.e._ Halbert), farmer at the Heugh-foot. His
+bride-elect is Grace Armstrong.
+
+_Mrs. Elliott_, Hobbie's grandmother. _John_ and _Harry_, Hobbie's
+brothers.
+
+_Lilias, Jean_, and _Arnot_, Hobbie's sisters.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Black Dwarf_ (time, Anne).
+
+ELMO (_St._). _The fire of St. Elmo_ (_Feu de Saint Elme_), a
+comazant. If only one appears on a ship-mast, foul weather is at hand;
+but if two or more, they indicate that stormy weather is about to
+cease. By the Italians these comazants are called the "fires of St.
+Peter and St. Nicholas." In Latin the single fire is called "Helen,"
+but the two "Castor and Pollux." Horace says (_Odes_, I. xiii. 27):
+
+  Quorum simul alba nautis stella refulsit,
+  Defluit saxis agitatus humor,
+  Concident venti, fugiuntque nubes, etc.
+
+But Longfellow makes the _stella_ indicative of foul weather:
+
+  Last night I saw St. Elmo's stars,
+  With their glimmering lanterns all at play ...
+  And I knew we should have foul weather to-day.
+
+  Longfellow, _The Golden Legend_.
+
+(St. Elmo is the patron saint of sailors.)
+
+ELOA, the first of seraphs. He name with God is "The Chosen One," but
+the angels call him Eloa. Eloa and Gabriel were angel friends.
+
+  Eloa, fairest spirit of heaven. His thoughts
+  are past understanding to the mind of man.
+  He looks more lovely than the day-spring, more
+  beaming than the stars of heaven when they
+  first flew into being at the voice of the Creator.
+  --Klopstock, _The Messiah_, i. (1748).
+
+ELOI (_St._), that is, St. Louis. The kings of France were called
+Loys up to the time of Louis XIII. Probably the "delicate oath" of
+Chaucer's prioress, who was a French scholar "after the scole of
+Stratford-atte-Bowe," was St. Loy, _i.e._ St. Louis, and not St. Eloi
+the patron saint of smiths and artists. St.
+
+Eloi was bishop of Noyon in the reign of Dagobert, and a noted
+craftsman in gold and silver. (Query, "Seint Eloy" for Seinte Loy?)
+
+  Ther was also a nonne, a prioresse,
+  That of hire smiling was full simp' and coy,
+  Hire greatest othe was but by Seint Eloy!
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (1388).
+
+ELOPS. There was a fish so-called, but Milton uses the word
+(_Paradise Lost_, x. 525) for the dumb serpent or serpent which gives
+no warning of its approach by hissing or otherwise. (Greek, _ellops_,
+"mute or dumb.")
+
+ELOQUENCE (_The Four Monarchs of_): (1) Demonsthenes, the Greek orator
+(B.C. 385-322); (2) Cicero, the Roman orator (B.C. 106-43); (3) Burke,
+the English orator (1730-1797); (4) Webster, the American orator
+(1782-1852).
+
+ELOQUENT (_That old Man_), Isocrates, the Greek orator. When he heard
+that the battle of Chaeronea was lost, and that Greece was no longer
+free, he died of grief.
+
+  That dishonest victory
+  At Chaeronea, fatal to liberty,
+  Killed with report that Old Man Eloquent.
+
+  Milton, _Sonnet_ ix.
+
+In the United States the term was freely applied to John Quincy Adams,
+in the latter years of his life.
+
+ELOQUENT DOCTOR (_The_), Peter Aurelolus, archbishop of Aix
+(fourteenth century).
+
+ELPINUS, Hope personified. He was "clad in sky-like blue" and the
+motto of his shield was "I hold by being held." He went attended by
+Pollicita (_promise_). Fully described in canto ix. (Greek, _elpis_,
+"hope.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).
+
+ELSA. German maiden, accused of having killed her little brother.
+At her trial a knight appears, drawn by a swan, champions her and
+vanquishes her accuser. Elsa weds him (Lohengrin) promising never to
+ask of his country or family. She breaks the vow; the swan appears and
+bears him away from her.--_Lohengrin_ Opera, by Richard Wagner.
+
+ELSHENDER THE RECLUSE, called "the Canny Elshie" or the "Wise Wight of
+Mucklestane Moor." This is "the black dwarf," or Sir Edward Mauley,
+the hero of the novel.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time Anne).
+
+ELSIE, the daughter of Gottlieb, a cottage farmer of Bavaria. Prince
+Henry of Hoheneck, being struck with leprosy, was told he would never
+be cured till a maiden chaste and spotless offered to give her life
+in sacrifice for him. Elsie volunteered to die for the prince, and he
+accompanied her to Salerno; but either the exercise, the excitement,
+or some charm, no matter what, had quite cured the prince, and when he
+entered the cathedral with Elsie, it was to make her Lady Alicia,
+his bride.--Hartmann von der Aue, _Poor Henry_ (twelfth century);
+Longfellow, _Golden Legend_.
+
+[Illustration] Alcestis, daughter of Pelias and wife of Admetos died
+instead of her husband, but was brought back by Hercules from the
+shades below, and restored to her husband.
+
+_Elsie (Venner)_, a girl marked before her birth as one apart from her
+kind. Her mother, treading upon a rattle-snake near her door, leaves
+the imprint of the loathsome thing upon the child. She is a "splendid
+scowling beauty" with glittering black eyes. When angry, they are
+narrowed and gleam like diamonds, and "charm" after an unhuman
+fashion. She bit her cousin when a child, and the wound had to be
+cauterized. She is wild almost to savagery and she falls in love with
+her tutor savagely for awhile, afterward loves him hopelessly. She
+dies of a strange decline, and the ugly mark about her throat that
+obliges her always to wear a necklace has faded out.--Oliver Wendell
+Holmes, _Elsie Venner_ (1861).
+
+ELSMERE (_Robert_), hero of religious novel of same name, by Mrs.
+Humphrey Ward.
+
+ELSPETH (_Auld_), the old servant of Dandie Dinmont, the store-farmer
+of Charlie's Hope.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time George II.).
+
+_Elspeth (Old)_ of the Craigburnfoot, the mother of Saunders
+Muckelbacket (the old fisherman at Musselcrag), and formerly servant
+to the countess of Glenallan.--Sir W. Scott, _The Antiquary_ (time
+George III.).
+
+ELVINO, a wealthy farmer in love with Amina the somnambulist.
+Amina being found in the bedroom of Conte Rodolfo the day before her
+wedding, induces Elvino to break off the match and promise marriage
+to Lisa; but as the truth of the matter breaks upon him, and he is
+convinced of Amina's innocence, he turns over Lisa to Alessio, her
+paramour, and marries Amina, his first and only love.--Bellini's
+opera, _La Sonnambula_ (1831).
+
+ELVIRA, sister of Don Duart, and niece of the governor of Lisbon.
+She marries Coldio, the coxcomb son of Don Antonio.--C. Cibber, _Love
+Makes a Man_.
+
+_Elvira_, the young wife of Gomez, a rich old banker. She carries on
+a liaison with Colonel Lorenzo, by the aid of her father-confessor
+Dominick, but is always checkmated, and it turns out that Lorenzo is
+her brother.--Dryden, _The Spanish Fryar_ (1680).
+
+_Elvira_, a noble lady who gives up everything to become the mistress
+of Pizarro. She tries to soften his rude and cruel nature, and to
+lead him into more generous ways. Her love being changed to hate, she
+engages Rollo to slay Pizarro in his tent; but the noble Peruvian
+spares his enemy, and makes him a friend. Ultimately, Pizarro is slain
+in fight with Alonzo, and Elvira retires to a convent.--Sheridan,
+_Pizarro_ (altered from Kotzebue, 1799).
+
+_Elvira (Donna)_, a lady deceived by Don Giovanni, who basely deluded
+her into an amour with his valet Leporello.--Mozart's opera, _Don
+Giovanni_ (1787).
+
+_Elvira_ "the puritan," daughter of Lord Walton, betrothed to Arturo
+(_Lord Arthur Talbot_), a calvalier. On the day of espousals the young
+man aids Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles I._) to escape, and
+Elvira, thinking he had eloped with a rival, temporarily loses her
+reason. Cromwell's soldiers arrest Arturo for treason, but he is
+subsequently pardoned, and marries Elvira.--Bellini's opera, _I
+Puritani_ (1834).
+
+_Elvira_, a lady in love with Ernani the robber-captain and head of
+a league against Don Carlos (afterwards Charles V. of Spain). Ernani
+was just on the point of marrying Elvira, when he was summoned to
+death by Gomez de Silva, and stabbed himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an
+opera, 1841).
+
+_Elvira_, betrothed to Alfonso (son of the Duke d'Arcos). No sooner
+is the marriage completed than she learns that Alfonso has seduced
+Fenella, a dumb girl, sister of Masaniello the fisherman. Masaniello,
+to revenge his wrongs, heads an insurrection, and Alfonso with Elvira
+run for safety to the fisherman's hut, where they find Fenella, who
+promises to protect them. Masaniello, being made chief magistrate of
+Portici, is killed by the mob; Fenella throws herself into the crater
+of Vesuvius; and Alfonso is left to live in peace with Elvira.--Auber,
+_Masaniello_ (1831).
+
+ELVIRE (_2 syl._), the wife of Don Juan, whom he abandons. She enters
+a convent, and tries to reclaim her profligate husband, but without
+success.--Moliere, _Don Juan_ (1665).
+
+ELY (_Bishop of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott in the _Talisman_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+EMATHIAN CONQUEROR (_The Great_), Alexander the Great. Emathia is
+Macedonia and Thessaly. Emathion, a son of Titan and Aurora, reigned
+in Macedonia. Pliny tells us that Alexander, when he besieged Thebes,
+spared the house in which Pindar the poet was born, out of reverence
+to his great abilities.
+
+EMBLA, the woman Eve of Scandinavian mythology. Eve or Embla was made
+of elm, but Ask or Adam was made of ash.
+
+EMELIE or EMELYE, sister-in-law of Duke Theseus (_2 syl._), beloved
+by both Palamon and Arcite (_2 syl._), but the former had her to
+wife.
+
+  Emelie that fairer was to scene
+  Than is the lilie on hire stalke grene,
+  And fresscher than the May with floures newe.
+
+  Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_
+  ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).
+
+EMERALDER, an Irishman, one of the Emerald Isle.
+
+EMERITA (_St_.), who, when her brother abdicated the British crown,
+accompanied him to Switzerland, and shared with him there a martyr's
+death.
+
+  Emerita the next, King Lucius' sister dear,
+  Who in Helvetia with her martyr brother died.
+
+  Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
+
+EMILE (_2 syl._), the chief character of a philosophical romance on
+education by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1762). Emile is the author's ideal
+of a young man perfectly educated, every bias but that of nature
+having been carefully withheld.
+
+N.B.--Emile is the French form of Emilius.
+
+His body is inured to fatigue, as Rousseau advises in his
+_Emilius_.--_Continuation of The Arabian Nights_, iv. 69.
+
+EMILIA, wife of Iago, the ancient of Othello in the Venetian army.
+She is induced by Iago to purloin a certain handkerchief given by
+Othello to Desdemona. Iago then prevails on Othello to ask his wife to
+show him the handkerchief, but she cannot find it, and Iago tells
+the Moor she has given it to Cassio as a love-token. At the death of
+Desdemona, Emilia (who till then never suspected the real state of
+the case) reveals the truth of the matter, and Iago rushes on her and
+kills her.--Shakespeare, _Othello_ (1611).
+
+The virtue of Emilia is such as we often find, worn loosely, but not
+cast off; easy to commit small crimes, but quickened and alarmed at
+atrocious villainies.--Dr. Johnson.
+
+_Emilia_, the lady who attended on Queen Hermione in
+prison.--Shakespeare, _The Winter's Tale_ (1604).
+
+_Emilia_, the lady-love of Peregrine Pickle, in Smollett's novel
+called _The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle_ (1751).
+
+_Emilia_ Galotti. Beautiful daughter of Odoardo, an Italian noble. She
+is affianced to Count Appiani, and beloved by the Prince Guastalla,
+who causes her lover's death on their wedding-day. To save her from
+the prince, Odoardo stabs Emilia.--G.E. Lessing, _Emilia Galotti_.
+
+EMILY, the _fiancee_ of Colonel Tamper. Duty called away the colonel
+to Havana, and on his return he pretended to have lost one eye and one
+leg in the war, in order to see if Emily would love him still. Emily
+was greatly shocked, and Mr. Prattle the medical practitioner was sent
+for. Amongst other gossip, Mr. Prattle told his patient he had seen
+the colonel who looked remarkably well, and most certainly was maimed
+neither in his legs nor in his eyes. Emily now saw through the trick,
+and resolved to turn the tables on the colonel. For this end she
+induced Mdlle. Florival to appear _en militaire_, under the assumed
+name of Captain Johnson, and to make desperate love to her. When the
+colonel had been thoroughly roasted and was about to quit the house
+forever, his friend Major Belford entered and recognized Mdlle. as
+his _fiancee_; the trick was discovered, and all ended happily.--G.
+Colman, sen., _The Deuce is in Him_ (1762).
+
+EMIR OR AMEER, a title given to lieutenants of provinces and other
+officers of the sultan, and occasionally assumed by the sultan
+himself. The sultan is not unfrequently call "The Great Ameer," and
+the Ottoman empire is sometimes spoken of as "the country of the Great
+Ameer." What Matthew Paris and other monks call "ammirals" is the same
+word. Milton speaks of the "mast of some tall ammiral" (_Paradise
+Lost_, i. 294).
+
+The difference between _xariff_ or _sariff_ and _amir_ is this: the
+former is given to the _blood_ successors of Mahomet, and the latter
+to those who maintain his religious faith.--Selden, _Titles of Honor_,
+vi. 73-4 (1672).
+
+EM'LY _(Little)_, daughter of Tom, the brother-in-law of Dan'el
+Peggotty, a Yarmouth fisherman, by whom the orphan child was brought
+up. While engaged to Ham Peggotty (Dan'el's nephew) little Em'ly runs
+away with Steerforth, a handsome but unprincipled gentleman. Being
+subsequently reclaimed, she emigrates to Australia with Dan'el
+Peggotty and old Mrs. Gummidge.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_
+(1849).
+
+EMMA "the Saxon" or Emma Plantagenet, the beautiful, gentle, and
+loving wife of David, king of North Wales (twelfth century).--Southey,
+_Madoc_ (1805).
+
+EMMONS (_David_), slow, gentle fellow who never "comes to the point"
+in his courtship, but visits the "girl" for forty years, and gasps out
+in dying, "I allers--meant to--have--asked--you to marry me."--Mary E.
+Wilkins, _Two Old Lovers_ (1887).
+
+EMPEDOCLES, one of Pythagoras's scholars, who threw himself secretly
+into the crater at Etna, that people might suppose the gods had
+carried him to heaven; but alas! one of his iron pattens was cast out
+with the lava, and recognized.
+
+  He to be deemed
+  A god, leaped fondly into Etna flames,
+  Empedocles.
+
+  Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iii. 469, etc. (1665).
+
+EMPEROR OF BELIEVERS (_The_), Omar I., father-in-law of Mahomet
+(581-644).
+
+EMPEROR OF THE MOUNTAINS, (_The_) Peter the Calabrian, a famous
+robber-chief (1812).
+
+EMPEROR FOR MY PEOPLE. Hadrian used to say, "I am emperor not for
+myself but for my people" (76, 117-138).
+
+EMPSON (_Master_), flageolot player to Charles II.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Peveril of the Peak_ (1823).
+
+Enanthe (_3 syl._), daughter of Seleucus, and mistress of Prince
+Demetrius (son of King Antigonus) She appears under the name of
+Celia.--Beaumont and Eletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_ (1647).
+
+ENCELADOS (Latin, _Enceladus_), the most powerful of all the giants
+who conspired against Jupiter. He was struck with a thunder-bolt, and
+covered with the heap of earth now called Mount Etna. The smoke of the
+volcano is the breath of the buried giant; and when he shifts his side
+it is an earthquake.
+
+  Fama est, Enceladi semiustum fulmine corpus
+  Urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam
+  Impositam, ruptis flammam expirare caminis;
+  Et, fessum quoties mutet latus, intremere omnem
+  Murmure Trinacriam, et coelum subtexere fumo.
+
+  Virgil, _Aeneid_, iii. 578-582.
+
+  Where the burning cinders, blown
+  From the lips of the overthrown
+  Enceladus, fill the air.
+
+  Longfellow, _Enceladus_.
+
+EN'CRATES (_3 syl_.), Temperance personified, the husband of Agnei'a
+(_wifely chastity_). When his wife's sister Parthen'ia _(maidenly
+chastity_) was wounded in the battle of Mansoul, by False Delight, he
+and his wife ran to her assistance, and soon routed the foes who were
+hounding her. Continence (her lover) went also, and poured a balm
+into her wounds, which healed them. Greek, _egkrates_, "continent,
+temperate."
+
+  So have I often seen a purple flower,
+  Fainting thro' heat, hang down her drooping head;
+  But, soon refreshed with a welcome shower,
+  Begins again her lively beauties spread,
+  And with new pride her silken leaves display.
+
+Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, xi. (1633).
+
+ENDELL (_Martha_), a poor fallen girl, to whom Emily goes when
+Steerforth deserts her. She emigrates with Dan'el Pegot'ty, and
+marries a young farmer in Australia.--C. Dickens, _David Copperfield_
+(1849).
+
+ENDIGA, in _Charles XII_., by J.R. Planche (1826).
+
+ENDLESS, the rascally lawyer in _No Song No Supper_, by P. Hoare
+(1754-1834).
+
+ENDYM'ION, a noted astronomer who, from Mount Latmus, in Caria,
+discovered the course of the moon. Hence it is fabled that the moon
+sleeps with Endymion. Strictly speaking, Endymion is the setting sun.
+
+  So, Latmus by the wise Endymion is renowned;
+  That hill on whose high top he was the first that found
+  Pale Phoebe's wandering course; so skillful in her sphere,
+  As some stick not to say that he enjoyed her there.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, vi. (1612).
+
+_To sleep like Endymion_, to sleep long and soundly. Endymion
+requested of Jove permission to sleep as long as felt inclined. Hence
+the proverb, _Endymionis somnum dormire_. Jean Ogier de Gombaud wrote
+in French a romance or prose poem called _Endymion_ (1624), and one of
+the best paintings of A.L. Girodet is "Endymion." Cowley, referring to
+Gombaud's romance, says:
+
+  While there is a people or a sun,
+  Endymion's story with the moon shall run.
+
+John Keats, in 1818, published his _Endymion_ (a poetic romance),
+and the criticism of the _Quarterly Review_ was falsely said to have
+caused his death.
+
+_Endymion._ So Wm. Browne calls Sir Walter Raleigh, who was for a
+time in disgrace with Queen Elizabeth, whom he calls "Cynthia."
+
+  The first note that I heard I soon was wonne
+  To think the sighes of fair Endymion,
+  The subject of whose mournful heavy lay,
+  Was his declining with faire Cynthia.
+
+  _Brittannia's Pastorals_, iv. (1613).
+
+ENFANTS DE DIEU, the Camisards.
+
+The royal troops outnumbered the _Enfants de Dieu_, and a not
+inglorious flight took place.--Ed. Gilliat, _Asylum Christi_, iii.
+
+ENFIELD (_Mrs._), the keeper of a house of intrigue, or "gentleman's
+magazine" of frail beauties.--Holcroft, _The Deserted Daughter_
+(1785).
+
+ENGADDI (_Theodorick, hermit of_), an enthusiast. He was Aberick
+of Mortemar, an exiled noble.--Sir W. Scott, _The Talisman_ (time,
+Richard I.).
+
+_Engaddi_, one of the towns of Judah, forty miles from Jerusalem,
+famous for its palm trees.
+
+  Anchorites beneath Engaddi's palms,
+  Pacing the Dead Sea beach.
+
+  Longfellow, _Sand of the Desert_
+
+ENGELBRECHT, one of the Varangian guards.--Sir W. Scott, _Count
+Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).
+
+ENGELRED, 'squire of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (follower of Prince
+John of Anjou, the brother of Richard I.).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
+(time, Richard I.).
+
+ENGUERRAUD, brother of the Marquis of Montserrat, a crusader.--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard L).
+
+ENID, the personification of spotless purity. She was the daughter of
+Yniol, and wife of Geraint. The tale of Geraint and Enid allegorizes
+the contagion of distrust and jealousy, commencing with Guinevere's
+infidelity, and spreading downward among the Arthurian knights. In
+order to save Enid from this taint, Sir Geraint removed from the court
+to Devon; but overhearing part of a sentence uttered by Enid, he
+fancied that she was unfaithful, and treated her for a time with
+great harshness. In an illness, Enid nursed Geraint with such wifely
+devotion that he felt convinced of his error. A perfect
+reconciliation took place, and they "crowned a happy life with a fair
+death".--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ ("Geraint and Enid.").
+
+ENNIUS (_The English_), Layamon, who wrote a translation in Saxon of
+_The Brut_ of Wace (thirteenth century).
+
+_Ennius (The French_), Jehan de Meung, who wrote a continuation of
+Layamon's romance (1260-1320).
+
+[Illustration] Guillaume de Lorris, author of the _Romance of the
+Rose_, is also called "The French Ennius," and with better title
+(1235-1265).
+
+_Ennius_ (_The Spanish_), Juan de Mena of Cordova (1412-1456).
+
+ENRIQUE (_2 syl._), brother-in-law of Chrysalde (_2 syl._). He
+married secretly Chrysalde's sister Angelique, by whom he had a
+daughter, Agnes, who was left in charge of a peasant while Enrique was
+absent in America. Having made his fortune in the New World, Enrique
+returned and found Agnes in love with Horace, the son of his
+friend Oronte (_2 syl._). Their union, after the usual quota of
+misunderstanding and cross purposes, was accomplished to the delight
+of all parties.--Moliere, _L'Ecole des Femmes_ (1662).
+
+ENTELECHY, the kingdom of Queen Quintessence. Pantagruel and
+his companions went to this kingdom in search of the "holy
+bottle."--Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, v. 19 (1545).
+
+[Illustration] This kingdom of "speculative science" gave the hint to
+Swift for his island of Laputa.
+
+EPHESIAN, a toper, a dissolute sot, a jovial companion. When Page (2
+_Henry_ IV. act ii. sc. 2) tells Prince Henry that a company of
+men were about to sup with Falstaff, in Eastcheap, and calls
+them "Ephesians," he probably meant soldiers called _fethas_
+("foot-soldiers"), and hence topers. Malone suggests that the word is
+a pun on _pheese_ ("to chastise or pay one tit for tat"), and means
+"quarrelsome fellows."
+
+EPHESIAN POET (_The_), Hipponax, born at Ephesus (sixth century
+B.C.).
+
+EPIC POETRY (_The Father of_), Homer (about 950 B.C.).
+
+EPICENE (_3 syl._), or _The Silent Woman_, one of the three great
+comedies of Ben Jonson (1609).
+
+The other two are _Volpone_ (_2 syl._, 1605), and _The Alchemist_
+(1610).
+
+EPICURUS. The _aimee de coeur_ of this philosopher was Leontium. (See
+LOVERS).
+
+EPICURUS OF CHINA, Tao-tse, who commenced the search for "the elixir
+of perpetual youth and health" (B.C. 540).
+
+[Illustration] Thomas Moore has a prose romance entitled _The
+Epicure'an_. Lucretius the Roman poet, in his _De Rerum Natura_, is an
+exponent of the Epicurean doctrines.
+
+EPIDAURUS (_That God in_), Aescula'pius, son of Apollo, who was
+worshipped in Epidaurus, a city of Peloponne'sus. Being sent for to
+Rome during a plague, he assumed the form of a serpent.--Livy, _Nat.
+Hist._, xi.; Ovid, _Metaph._, xv.
+
+  Never since of serpent kind
+  Lovelier, not those that in Illyria changed
+  Hermione and Cadmus, or the god
+  In Epidaurus.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, ix. 507 (1665).
+
+(Cadmus and his wife Harmonia [_Hermoine_] left Thebes and migrated
+into Illyria, where they were changed into serpents because they
+happened to kill one belonging to Mars.)
+
+EPHIAL'TES (_4 syl._), one of the giants who made war upon the gods.
+He was deprived of his left eye by Apollo, and of his right eye by
+Hercules.
+
+EPIG'ONI, seven youthful warriors, sons of the seven chiefs who laid
+siege to Thebes. All the seven chiefs (except Adrastos) perished in
+the siege; but the seven sons, ten years later, took the city and
+razed it to the ground. The chiefs and sons were: (1) Adrastos,
+whose son was Aegi'aleus (_4 syl._); (2) Polynikes, whose son was
+Thersan'der; (3) Amphiar'aos (_5 syl._), whose son was Alkmaeon
+(_the chief_); (4) Ty'deus (_2 syl._), whose son was Diome'des; (5)
+Kap'aneus (_3 syl._), whose son was Sthen'elos; (6) Parthenopae'os,
+whose son was Promachos; (7) Mekis'theus (_3 syl._), whose son was
+Eury'alos.
+
+AEschylos has a tragedy on _The Seven Chiefs against Thebes_. There
+are also two epics, one _The Thebaid_ of Statius, and _The Epigoni_
+sometimes attributed to Homer and sometimes to one of the Cyclic poets
+of Greece.
+
+EPIGON'IAD (_The_), called "the Scotch _Iliad_," by William Wilkie
+(1721-1772). This is the tale of the Epig'oni or seven sons of the
+seven chieftains who laid siege to Thebes. The tale is this: When
+Oe'dipos abdicated, his two sons agreed to reign alternate years; but
+at the expiration of the first year, the elder son (Eteocles) refused
+to give up the throne. Whereupon the younger brother (Polynikes)
+interested six Grecian chiefs to espouse his cause, and the allied
+armies laid siege to Thebes, without success. Subsequently, the seven
+sons of the old chiefs went against the city to avenge the death of
+their fathers, who had fallen in the former siege. They succeeded in
+taking the city, and in placing Thersander on the throne. The names
+of the seven sons are Thersander, AEgi'aleus, Alkmaeon, Diomedes,
+Sthen'elos, Pro'machos, and Euryalos.
+
+EPIMEN'IDES (_5 syl._) of Crete, sometimes reckoned one of the
+"seven wise men of Greece" in the place of Periander. He slept for
+fifty-seven years in a cave, and, on waking, found everything so
+changed that he could recognize nothing. Epimenides lived 289 years,
+and was adored by the Cretans as one of their "Curetes" or priests of
+Jove. He was contemporary with Solon.
+
+(Goethe has a poem called _Des Epimenides Erwachen._--See Heinrich's
+_Epimenides.)_
+
+_Epimenides's Drug_. A nymph who loved Epimenides gave him a draught
+in a bull's horn, one single drop of which would not only cure any
+ailment, but would serve for a hearty meal.
+
+_Le Nouveau Epimenede_ is a man who lives in a dream in a kind of
+"Castle of Spain," where he deems himself a king, and does not wish to
+be disillusioned. The song is by Jacinthe Leclere, one of the members
+of the "Societe de Momus," of Paris.
+
+EPINOGRIS _(Sir)_, son of the king of Northumberland. He loved an
+earl's daughter, but slew the earl in a knightly combat. Next day, a
+knight challenged him to fight, and the lady was to be the prize of
+the victor. Sir Epinogris, being overthrown, lost the lady; but when
+Sir Palomides heard the tale, he promised to recover her. Accordingly,
+he challenged the victorious knight, who turned out to be his brother.
+The point of dispute was then amicably arranged by giving up the lady
+to Sir Epinogris.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, ii. 169
+(1470).
+
+EPPIE, one of the servants of the Rev. Josiah Cargill. In the same
+novel is Eppie Anderson, one of the servants at the Mowbray Arms,
+Old St. Ronan's, held by Meg Dods.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Bonarts Well_
+(time, George III.).
+
+EPPS, cook of Saunders Fairford, a lawyer.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.). EQUITY (_Father of_), Heneage
+Finch, earl of Nottingham (1621-1682). In _Absalom and Achitophel_ (by
+Dryden and Tate) he is called "Amri."
+
+  Sincere was Amri, and not only knew,
+  But Israel's sanctions into practice drew;
+  Our laws, that did a boundless ocean seem,
+  Were coasted all, and fathomed all by him ...
+  To whom the double blessing doth belong,
+  With Moses' inspiration, Aaron's tongue.
+
+  _Absalom and Achitophel_, ii. (1682).
+
+EQUIVOKES.
+
+1. HENRY IV. was told that "he should not die but in Jerusalem," which
+he supposed meant the Holy Land; but he died in the Jerusalem Chamber,
+London, which is the chapter-house of Westminster Abbey.
+
+2. POPE SYLVESTER was also told that he should die at Jerusalem, and
+he died while saying mass in a church so called at Rome.
+
+3. CAMBYSES, son of Cyrus, was told that he should die in Ecbat'ana,
+which he supposed meant the capital of Media. Being wounded
+accidentally in Syria, he asked the name of the place; and being told
+it was Ecbatana, "Here, then, I am destined to end my life."
+
+4. A Messenian seer, being sent to consult the Delphic oracle
+respecting the issue of the Messenian war, then raging, received for
+reply:
+
+  When the goat stoops to drink of the Neda, O, seer,
+  From Messenia flee, for its ruin is near!
+
+In order to avert this calamity, all goats were diligently chased from
+the banks of the Neda. One day, Theoclos observed a _fig tree_ growing
+on the river-side, and its branches dipped into the stream. The
+interpretation of the oracle flashed across his mind, for he
+remembered that _goat_ and _fig tree_, in the Messenian dialect were
+the same word.
+
+[Illustration] The pun would be clearer to an English reader if "a
+stork" were substituted for _the goat_: "When a stork stoops to drink
+of the Neda;" and the "stalk" of the fig tree dipping into the stream.
+
+5. When the allied Greeks demanded of the Delphic oracle what would be
+the issue of the battle of Salamis, they received for answer:
+
+  Seed-time and harvest, weeping sires shall tell
+  How thousands fought at Salamis and fell;
+
+but whether the oracle referred to the Greeks or Persians who were to
+fall by "thousands," was not stated.
+
+6. When CROESUS demanded what would be the issue of the battle against
+the Persians, headed by Cyrus, the answer was, he "should behold a
+mighty empire overthrown;" but whether that empire was his own, or
+that of Cyrus, only the actual issue of the fight could determine.
+
+7. Similarly, when PHILIP of Macedon sent to Delphi to inquire if his
+Persian expedition would prove successful, he received for reply, "The
+ready victim crowned for sacrifice stands before the altar." Philip
+took it for granted that the "ready victim" was the king of Persia,
+but it was himself.
+
+8. TARQUIN sent to Delphi to learn the fate of his struggle with the
+Romans for the recovery of his throne, and was told, "Tarquin will
+never fall till a dog speaks with the voice of a man." The "dog" was
+Junius Brutus, who was called a dog by way of contempt.
+
+9. When the oracle was asked who would succeed Tarquin, it replied,
+"He who shall first kiss his mother." Whereupon Junius Brutus fell to
+the earth, and exclaimed, "Thus, then, I kiss thee, O mother earth!"
+
+10. Jourdain, the wizard, told the duke of Somerset, if he wished to
+live, to "avoid where castles mounted stand." The duke died in an
+ale-house called the Castle, in St. Alban's.--Shakespeare, _2 Henry
+VI._ act v. sc. 2.
+
+11. A wizard told King Edward IV. that "after him should reign one the
+first letter of whose name should be G." The king thought the person
+meant was his brother George, but the duke of Gloucester was the
+person pointed at.--Holinshed, _Chronicles_; Shakespeare, _Richard
+III._ act i. sc. I.
+
+ERAC'LIUS (_The emperor_) condemned a knight to death on the
+supposition of murder; but the man supposed to be murdered making his
+appearance, the condemned man was taken back, under the expectation
+that he would be instantly acquitted. But no, Eraclius ordered all
+three to be put to death: the knight, because the emperor had ordered
+it; the man who brought him back, because he had not carried out the
+emperor's order; and the man supposed to be murdered, because he was
+virtually the cause of death to the other two.
+
+This tale is told in the _Gesta Romanorum_, and Chaucer has put it
+into the mouth of his Sumpnor. It is also told by Seneca, in his _De
+Ira_; but he ascribes it to Cornelius Piso, and not to Eraclius.
+
+ERASTE (_2 syl._), hero of _Les Facheux_ by Moliere. He is in love
+with Orphiso (_2 syl._), whose tutor is Damis (1661).
+
+ER'CELDOUN (_Thomas of_), also called "Thomas the Rhymer," introduced
+by Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Castle Dangerous_ (time, Henry
+I.).
+
+It is said that Thomas of Erceldoun is not dead, but that he is
+sleeping beneath the Eildon Hills, in Scotland. One day, he met with
+a lady of elfin race beneath the Eildon tree, and she led him to
+an under-ground region, where he remained for seven years. He then
+revisited the earth, but bound himself to return when summoned. One
+day, when he was making merry with his friends, he was told that
+a hart and hind were parading the street; and he knew it was his
+summons, so he immediately went to the Eildon tree, and has never
+since been heard of.--Sir W. Scott, _Minstrelsy of the Scottish
+Border_.
+
+[Illustration: symbol] This tale is substantially the same in the
+German one of _Tannhaeuser_ (_q.v._).
+
+ERECK, a knight of the Round Table. He marries the beautiful Enite (_2
+syl_.), daughter of a poor knight, and falls into a state of idleness
+and effeminacy, till Enite rouses him to action. He then goes forth
+on an expedition of adventures, and after combating with brigands,
+giants, and dwarfs, returns to the court of King Arthur, where
+he remains till the death of his father. He then enters on his
+inheritance, and lives peaceably the rest of his life.--Hartmann von
+der Aue, _Ereck_ (thirteenth century).
+
+EREEN'IA (3 _syl._), a glendoveer' or good spirit, the beloved son of
+Cas'yapa (_3 syl_.), father of the immortals. Ereenia took pity on
+Kail'yal (_2 syl_.), daughter of Ladur'lad, and carried her to his
+Bower of Bliss in paradise (canto vii.). Here Kailyal could not stay,
+because she was still a living daughter of earth. On her return to
+earth, she was chosen for the bride of Jagannaut, and Ar'valan came to
+dishonor her; but she set fire to the pagoda, and Ereenia came to her
+rescue. Ereenia was set upon by the witch Lor'rimite (_3 syl_.), and
+carried to the submerged city of Baly, whence he was delivered by
+Ladurlad. The glendoveer now craved Seeva for vengeance, but the
+god sent him to Yamen (_i.e._ Pluto), and Yamen said the measure of
+iniquity was now full, so Arvalan and his father Kehama were both made
+inmates of the city of everlasting woe; while Ereenia carried Kailyal,
+who had quaffed the waters of immortality, to his Bower of Bliss, to
+dwell with him in everlasting joy.--Southey, _Curse of Kehoma_ (1809).
+
+ERET'RIAN BULL _(The)._ Menede'mos of Eretria, in Eubae'a, was called
+"Bull" from the bull-like breadth and gravity of his face. He founded
+the Eretrian school (fourth century B.C.).
+
+ERIC, "Windy-cap," king of Sweden. He could make the wind blow from
+any quarter by simply turning his cap. Hence arose the expression, "a
+capful of wind."
+
+ERIC GRAY. A young man whose religious principles will not let him
+marry the girl he loves because she has not "joined the church." His
+old love tells the story after his funeral.
+
+  "And all my heart went forward, past the shadows and the cross,
+  Even to that home where perfect love hath never thorn nor loss;
+  Where neither do they marry, nor in marriage are given,
+  But are like unto the angels in GOD'S house, which is Heaven."
+
+Margaret E. Sangster, _Eric's Funeral_ (1882).
+
+ERICHTHO _[Erik'.tho]_, the famous Thessaliaii witch consulted by
+Pompey.--Lucan, _Pharsalia_, vi.
+
+ERICKSON _(Sweyn)_, a fisherman at Jarlshof.--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+ERIC'THO, the witch in John Marston's tragedy called _The Wonder of
+Women_ or _Sophonisba_ (160)5.
+
+ERIG'ENA (_John Scotus_), called "Scotus the Wise." He must not be
+confounded with Duns Scotus, "the Subtle Doctor," who lived some four
+centuries later. Erigena died in 875, and Duns Scotus in 1308.
+
+ERIG'ONE (4 _syl_.), the constellation _Virgo_. She was the daughter
+of Icarios, an Athenian, who was murdered by some drunken peasants.
+Erigone discovered the dead body by the aid of her father's dog Moera,
+who became the star called _Canis_.
+
+  ... "that virgin, frail Erigone,
+  Who by compassion got preeminence."
+
+Lord Brooke, _Of Nobility_.
+
+ERILL'YAB (3 _syl_.), the widowed and deposed Queen of the Hoamen (2
+_syl_.), an Indian tribe settled on a south branch of the Missouri.
+Her husband was King Tepol'loni, and her son Amal'ahta. Madoc when he
+reached America, espoused her cause, and succeeded in restoring her to
+her throne and empire.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).
+
+ERIPHY'LE (4 _syl_.), the wife of Amphiara'os. Being bribed by a
+golden necklace, she betrayed to Polyni-ces where her husband had
+concealed himself that he might not go to the seige of Thebes, where
+he knew that he should be killed. Congreve calls the word Eriph'yle.
+
+  When Eriphyle broke her plighted faith,
+  And for a bribe procured her husband's death.
+
+Ovid, _Art of Love_, iii.
+
+ERISICH'THON (should be _Erysichthon_), a Thessaliad, whose appetite
+was insatiable. Having spent all his estate in the purchase of food,
+nothing was left but his daughter Metra, and her he sold to buy food
+for his voracious appetite; but Metra had the power of transforming
+herself into any shape she chose, so as often as as her father
+sold her, she changed her form and returned to him. After a time,
+Erisichthon was reduced to feed upon himself.--Ovid, _Metaph_, viii. 2
+(740 to end).
+
+Drayton says when the Wyre saw her goodly oak trees sold for firewood,
+she bethought her of Erisichthon's end, who, "when nor sea, nor land,
+sufficient were," ate his own flesh.--_Polyolbion_, vii.
+
+  So Erisicthon, once fired (as men say),
+  With hungry rage, fed never, ever feeding;
+  Ten thousand dishes severed every day,
+  Yet in ten thousand thousand dishes needing.
+  In vain his daughter hundred shapes assumed;
+  A whole camp's meat he in his gorge inhumed;
+  And all consumed, his hunger yet was unconsumed.
+
+Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_ (1633).
+
+ERLAND, father of Norna "of the Fitful Head."--Sir W. Scott, _The
+Pirate_ (time, William III.).
+
+ERL-KING, a spirit of mischief, which haunts the Black Forest of
+Thuringia.
+
+Goethe has a ballad called the _Erl-koenig_, and Herder has translated
+the Danish ballad of _Sir Olaf and the Erl-King's Daughter_.
+
+In Goethe's ballad, a father, riding home through the night and storm
+with a child in his arms is pursued by the Erl-king, who entices the
+child with promises of fairy-gifts, and finally kills it.
+
+ERMANGARDE OF BALDRINGHAM (_The Lady_), aunt of the Lady Eveline
+Berenger "the betrothed."--Sir W. Scott, _The Betrothed_ (time, Henry
+II.).
+
+ER'MELINE (_Dame_), the wife of Reynard, in the beast-epic called
+_Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+ERMIN'IA, the heroine of _Jerusalem Delivered_. She fell in love with
+Tancred, and when the Christian army beseiged Jerusalem, arrayed
+herself in Clorinda's armor to go to him. After certain adventures,
+she found him wounded, and nursed him tenderly; but the poet has
+not told us what was the ultimate lot of this fair Syrian.--Tasso,
+_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
+
+ERNA'NI, the robber-captain, duke of Segor'bia and Cardo'na, lord of
+Aragon, and count of Ernani. He is in love with Elvi'ra, the betrothed
+of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva, an old Spanish grandee, whom she detests.
+Charles V. falls in love with her, and Ruy Gomez joins Ernani in a
+league against their common rival. During this league Ernani gives Ruy
+Gomez a horn, saying, "Sound but this horn, and at that moment Ernani
+will cease to live." Just as he is about to espouse Elvira, the horn
+is sounded, and Ernani stabs himself.--Verdi, _Ernani_ (an opera,
+1841).
+
+ERNEST (_Duke_), son-in-law of Kaiser Konrad II. He murders his feudal
+lord, and goes on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to expiate his crime.
+The poem so called is a mixture of Homeric legends, Oriental myths,
+and pilgrims' tales. We have pygmies and cyclopses, genii and
+enchanters, fairies and dwarfs, monks and devotees. After a world of
+hair-breadth escapes, the duke reaches the Holy Sepulchre, pays
+his vows, returns to Germany, and is pardoned.--Henry Von Veldig
+(minnesinger), _Duke Ernest_ (twelfth century).
+
+ERNEST DE FRIDBERG, "the prisoner of the State." He was imprisoned in
+the dungeon of the Giant's Mount fortress for fifteen years on a false
+charge of treason. Ul'rica (his natural daughter by the countess
+Marie), dressed in the clothes of Herman, the deaf and dumb
+jailor-boy, gets access to the dungeon and contrives his escape; but
+he is retaken, and led back to the dungeon. Being subsequently set at
+liberty, he marries the countess Marie (the mother of Ulrica).--E.
+Stirling, _The Prisoner of State_ (1847.)
+
+EROS, the manumitted slave of Antony the triumvir. Antony made Eros
+swear that he would kill him if commanded by him so to do. When in
+Egypt, Antony after the battle of Actium, fearing lest he should fall
+into the hands of Octavius Caesar, ordered Eros to keep his promise.
+Eros drew his sword, but thrust it into his own side, and fell dead at
+the feet of Antony. "O noble Eros," cried Antony, "I thank thee for
+teaching me how to die!"--Plutarch.
+
+[Illustration] Eros is introduced in Shakespeare's _Antony and
+Cleopatra_, and in Dryden's _All for Love or the World Well Lost_.
+
+(Eros is the Greek name of Cupid, and hence amorous poetry is called
+Erotic.)
+
+EROS'TRATOS (in Latin EROSTRATUS), the incendiary who set fire to the
+temple of Diana of Ephesus, that his name might be perpetuated. An
+edict was published, prohibiting any mention of the name, but the
+edict was wholly ineffective.
+
+[Illustration] Charles V., wishing to be shown over the Pantheon [_All
+Saints_] of Rome, was taken to the top by a Roman knight. At parting,
+the knight told the emperor that he felt an almost irresistible desire
+to push his majesty down from the top of the building, "in order to
+immortalize his name." Unlike Erostratos, the name of this knight has
+not transpired. ERO'TA, a very beautiful but most imperious princess,
+passionately beloved by Philander, Prince of Cyprus.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
+
+ERRA-PATER, an almanac, an almanac-maker, an astrologer. Samuel Butler
+calls Lilly, the almanac-maker, an Erra-Pater, which we are told was
+the name of a famous Jewish astrologer.
+
+  His only Bible was an Erra-Pater.
+
+  Phin. Fletcher, _The Purple Island_, vii. (1633).
+
+  "What's here? Erra-Pater or a bearded sibyl"
+  [_the person was Foresight_].
+
+Congreve, _Love for Love_, iv. (1695).
+
+ERRAGON, king of Lora (in Scandinavia). Aldo, a Caledonian chief,
+offered him his services, and obtained several important victories;
+but Lorma, the king's wife, falling in love with him, the guilty pair
+escaped to Morven. Erragon invaded the country, and slew Aldo in
+single combat, but was himself slain in battle by Gaul, son of Morni.
+As for Lorma, she died of grief.--Ossian, _The Battle of Lora_.
+
+ERRANT DAMSEL (_The_), Una.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iii. 1 (1590).
+
+ERRIMA, Greek maiden chidden by her mother for dreaming of Sappho, and
+Lesbian dances and Delphian lyre, and commanded to
+
+  "rend thy scrolls and keep thee to thy spinning."
+
+She answers that talk of matron dignities and household tasks wearies
+her:
+
+  "I would renounce them all for Sappho's bay:
+  Forego them all for room to chant out free
+  The silent rhythms I hum within my heart,
+  And so for ever leave my weary spinning!"
+
+Margaret J. Preston, _Old Song and New_. (1870).
+
+ERROL (_Cedric_). Bright American boy, living with his widowed mother,
+whose grandfather, Lord Fauntleroy, sends for and adopts him. The
+boy's sweetness of manners and nobility of nature conquer the old
+man's prejudices, and win him to sympathy and co-operation in his
+schemes for making the world better.--Frances Hodgson Burnett, _Little
+Lord Fauntleroy_ (1889).
+
+ERROL (_Gilbert, earl of_), lord high constable of Scotland.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+ERROR, a monster who lived in a den in "Wandering Wood," and with,
+whom the Red Cross Knight had his first adventure. She had a brood
+of 1000 young ones of sundry shape, and these cubs crept into their
+mother's mouth when alarmed, as young kangaroos creep into their
+mother's pouch. The knight was nearly killed by the stench which
+issued from the foul fiend, but he succeeded in "rafting" her head
+off, whereupon the brood lapped up the blood, and burst with satiety.
+
+  Half like a serpent horribly displayed,
+  But th' other half did woman's shape retain.
+  And as she lay upon the dirty ground,
+  Her huge long tail her den all overspread,
+  Yet was in knots and many boughts [_folds_] up-wound,
+  Pointed with mortal sting.
+
+Spenser, _Faery Queen_, i. 1 (1590).
+
+ERROR OF ARTISTS, (See ANACHRONISMS).
+
+ANGELO (_Michel_), in his great picture of the "Last Judgment" has
+introduced Charon's bark.
+
+BREUGHEL, the Dutch painter, in a picture of the "Wise Men of the
+East" making their offerings to the infant Jesus, has represented
+one of them dressed in a large white surplice, booted and spurred,
+offering the model of a Dutch seventy-four to the infant.
+
+ETTY has placed by the bedside of Holofernes a helmet of the period of
+the seventeenth century.
+
+MAZZOCHI (_Paulo_), in his "Symbolical Painting of the Four Elements,"
+represents the sea by _fishes_, the earth by _moles_, fire by a
+_salamander_, and air by a _camel_! Evidently he mistook the chameleon
+(which traditionally lives on air) for a camel.
+
+TINTORET, in a picture which represents the "Israelites Gathering
+Manna in the Wilderness," has armed the men with guns.
+
+VERONESE (_Paul_), in his "Marriage Feast of Cana of Galilee," has
+introduced among the guests several Benedictines.
+
+WEST, president of the Royal Academy, has represented Paris the
+Phrygian in Roman costume.
+
+WESTMINSTER HALL is full of absurdities. Witness the following as
+specimens:--
+
+Sir Cloudesley Shovel is dressed in a Roman cuirass and sandals, but
+on his head is a full-bottomed wig of the eighteenth century.
+
+The Duke of Buckingham is arrayed in the costume of a Roman emperor,
+and his duchess in the court dress of George I. period.
+
+ERRORS OF AUTHORS, (See ANACHRONISMS.)
+
+AKENSIDE. He views the Ganges from _Alpine_ heights.--_Pleasures of
+Imagination_.
+
+ALLISON (_Sir Archibald_), says: "_Sir Peregine Pickle_ was one of the
+pall-bearers of the Duke of Wellington."--_Life of Lord Castlereagh_.
+
+In his _History of Europe_, the phrase _droit de timbre_ ("stamp
+duty") he translates "timber duties."
+
+ARTICLES OF WAR FOR THE ARMY. It is ordered "that every recruit shall
+have the 40th and 46th of the articles read to him." (art. iii.).
+
+The 40th article relates wholly to the misconduct of _chaplains_, and
+has no sort of concern with recruits. Probably the 41st is meant,
+which is about mutiny and insubordination.
+
+BROWNE (_William_) _Apelles' Curtain_. W. Browne says:
+
+  If ... I set my pencil to Appelles table [painting]
+  Or dare to _draw his curtain_.
+
+_Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 2.
+
+This curtain was not drawn by Apelles, but by Parrhasius, who lived
+a full century before Apelles. The contest was between Zeuxis and
+Parrhasius. The former exhibited a bunch of grapes which deceived the
+birds, and the latter a curtain which deceived the competitor.
+
+BRUYSSEL (_E. von_) says: "According to Homer, Achilles had a
+vulnerable heel." It is a vulgar error to attribute this myth to
+Homer. The blind old bard nowhere says a word about it. The story of
+dipping Achilles in the river Styx is altogether post-Homeric.
+
+BYRON. _Xerxes' Ships_. Byron says that Xerxes looked on his "ships by
+thousands" off the coast of Sal'amis. The entire number of sails were
+1200; of these 400 were wrecked before the battle off the coast of
+Sepias, so that even supposing the whole of the rest were engaged, the
+number could not exceed 800.--_Isles of Greece_.
+
+_The Isle Teos_. In the same poem he refers to "Teos" as one of the
+isles of Greece, but Teos is a maritime town on the coast of Ionia, in
+Asia Minor.
+
+CERVANTES. _Dorothea's Father_. Dorothea represents herself as Queen
+of Micomicon, because both her father and mother were _dead_, but Don
+Quixote speaks of him to her as _alive_.--Pt. I. iv. 8.
+
+_Mambrino's Helmet_. In pt. I. iii. 8 we are told that the
+galley-slaves set free by Don Quixote assaulted him with stones, and
+"snatching the basin from his head, _broke it to pieces_." In bk. iv.
+15 we find this basin quite whole and sound, the subject of a judicial
+inquiry, the question being whether it was a helmet or a barber's
+basin. Sancho (ch. 11) says, he "picked it up, bruised and battered,
+intending to get it mended;" but he says, "I broke it to pieces," or,
+according to one translator, "broke it into a thousand pieces." In
+bk. iv. 8 we are told that Don Quixote "came from his chamber armed
+_cap-a-pie_, with the barber's basin on his head."
+
+_Sancho's Ass_. We are told (pt. I. iii. 9) that Gines de Passamonte
+"stole Sancho's ass." Sancho laments the loss with true pathos, and
+the knight condoles with him. But soon afterwards Cervantes says: "He
+_[Sancho]_ jogged on leisurely upon his ass after his master."
+
+_Sancho's Great-coat_. Sancho Panza, we are told, left his wallet
+behind in the Crescent Moon tavern, where he was tossed in a blanket,
+and put the provisions left by the priests in his great-coat (ch. 5).
+The galley-slaves robbed him of "his _great-coat_, leaving only his
+doublet" (ch. 8), but in the next chapter (9) we find "the victuals
+had not been touched," though the rascals "searched diligently for
+booty." Now, if the food was in the great-coat, and the great-coat was
+stolen, how is it that the victuals remained in Sancho's possession
+untouched?
+
+_Sancho's Wallet_. We are told that Sancho left his wallet by mistake
+at the tavern where he was blanket-tossed (ch. 5), but in ch. 9, when
+he found the portmanteau, "he crammed the gold and linen into his
+wallet."--Pt. I. iii.
+
+To make these oversights more striking, the author says, when Sancho
+found the portmanteau, "he entirely forgot the loss of his _wallet_,
+his _great-coat_, and of his faithful companion and servant Dapple"
+(_the ass_).
+
+_Supper_. Cervantes makes the party at the Crescent tavern eat two
+suppers in one evening. In ch. 5 the curate orders in supper, and
+"after supper" they read the story of _Fatal Curiosity_. In ch. 12 we
+are told "the cloth was laid [_again_] for supper," and the company
+sat down to it, quite forgetting that they had already supped.--Pt. I.
+iv.
+
+CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA states that "the fame of Beaumarchais rests
+on his two operas, _Le Barbier de Seville_ (1755) and _Le Mariage de
+Figaro_." Every one knows that Mozart composed the opera of _Figaro_
+(1786), and that Casti wrote the libretto. The opera of _Le Barbier
+de Seville_, or rather _Il Barbiere di Siviglia_, was composed by
+Rossini, in 1816. What Beaumarchais wrote was two comedies, one in
+four acts and the other in five acts.--Art. "Beaumarchais."
+
+CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL. We are told, in a paper entitled "Coincidences,"
+that Thursday has proved a fatal day with the Tudors, for on that day
+died Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth. If this
+had been the case it would, indeed, have been startling; but what
+are the facts? Henry VIII. died on _Friday_, January 28, 1547, and
+Elizabeth died on _Monday_, March 24, 1603.--Rymer, _Foedera_, xv.
+
+In the same paper we are told with equal inaccuracy that _Saturday_
+has been fatal to the present dynasty, "for William IV. and every
+one of the Georges died on a Saturday." What, however, says history
+proper? William IV. died on _Tuesday_, June 20, 1837; George I. died
+_Wednesday_, June 11, 1727; George III. died _Monday_, January 29,
+1820; George IV. died _Sunday_, June 26, 1830; and only George II.
+died on a _Saturday_, "the day [_so_] fatal to the present dynasty."
+
+CHAUCER says: The throstle-cock sings so sweet a tone that Tubal
+himself, the first musican, could not equal it.--_The Court of Love_.
+Of course he means Jubal.
+
+CIBBER (_Colley_), in his _Love Makes a Man_, i., makes Carlos the
+student say, "For the cure of herds [_Virgil's_] _bucolicks_ are a
+master-piece; but when his art describes the commonwealth of bees ...
+I'm ravished." He means _Georgics_. The _Bucolics_ are eclogues, and
+never touch upon either of these subjects. The diseases and cures of
+cattle are in _Georgic_ iii., and the habits, etc., of bees, _Georgic_
+iv.
+
+CID (_The_). When Alfonso succeeded his brother Sancho and banished
+the Cid, Rodrigo is made to say:
+
+  Prithee say where were these gallants
+  (Bold enough when far from blows)?
+  Where were they when I, unaided,
+  Rescued thee from thirteen foes?
+
+The historic fact is, not that Rodrigo rescued Alfonso from thirteen
+foes, but that the Cid rescued Sancho from thirteen of Alfonso's foes.
+Eleven he slew, and two he put to flight.--_The Cid_, xvi. 78.
+
+COLMAN. Job Thornberry says to Peregrine, who offers to assist him in
+his difficulties, "Desist, young man, in time." But Peregrine was at
+least 45 years old when so addressed. He was 15 when Job first knew
+him, and had been absent thirty years in Calcutta. Job Thornberry
+himself was not above five or six years older.
+
+COWPER calls the rose "the glory of April and May," but June is the
+great rose month. In the south of England they begin to bloom in the
+latter half of May, and go on to the middle of July. April roses would
+be horticultural curiosities.
+
+CRITICS at fault. The licentiate tells Don Quixote that some critics
+found fault with him for defective memory, and instanced it in this;
+"We are told that Sancho's ass is stolen, but the author has forgotten
+to mention who the thief was." This is not the case, as we are
+distinctly informed that it was stolen by Gines de Passamonte, one of
+the galley slaves.--_Don Quixote_, II. i. 3.
+
+DICKENS, in _Edwin Drood_, puts "rooks and rooks' nests" (instead of
+daws) "in the tower of Cloisterham."
+
+In _Nicholas Nickleby_ he presents Mr. Squeers as setting his boys "to
+hoe turnips" in midwinter.
+
+In _The Tale of Two Cities_, iii. 4, he says: "The name of the strong
+man of Old Scripture descended to the chief functionary who worked the
+guillotine." But the name of this functionary was Sanson, not Samson.
+
+GALEN says that man has seven bones in the sternum (instead of three);
+and Sylvius, in reply to Vesalius, contends that "in days of yore the
+robust chests of heroes had more bones than men now have."
+
+GREENE (_Robert_) speaks of Delphos as an _island_; But Delphos, or
+rather Delphi, was a city of Phocis, and no island. "Six noblemen were
+sent to the isle of Delphos."--_Donastus and Faunia_. Probably he
+confounded the city of Delphi with the isle of Delos.
+
+HALLIWELL, in his _Archaic Dictionary_, says: "Crouchmas means
+Christmas," and adds that Tusser is his authority. But this is
+altogether a mistake. Tusser, in his "_May_ Remembrances," says: "From
+bull cow fast, till Crouchmas be past," _i.e._ St. Helen's Day. Tusser
+evidently means from May 3 (the invention of the Cross) to August 18
+(St. Helen's Day or the Cross-mas), not Christmas.
+
+HIGGONS (_Bevil_) says:
+
+  The Cyprian queen, drawn by Apelles hand.
+  Of perfect beauty did the pattern stand!
+  But then bright nymphs from every part of Greece
+  Did all contribute to adorn the piece.
+
+_To Sir Godfrey Kneller_ (1780).
+
+Tradition says that Apelles model was either Phyrne, or Campaspe,
+afterwards his wife. Campbell has borrowed these lines, but ascribes
+the painting to Protog'enes the Rhodian.
+
+  When first the Rhodian's mimic art arrayed
+  The queen of Beauty in her Cyprian shade,
+  The happy master mingled in the piece
+  Each look that charmed him in the fair of Greece.
+
+_Pleasures of Hope_, ii.
+
+JOHNSON (_Dr_.) makes Addison speak of Steele as "Little Dicky"
+whereas the person so called by Addison was not Richard Steele, but a
+dwarfish actor who played "Gomez" in Dryden's _Spanish Fryar_.
+
+LONDON NEWSPAPER (_A_), one of the leading journals of the day, has
+spoken three times within two years of "passing _under_ the Caudine
+Forks," evidently supposing them to be a "yoke" instead of a valley or
+mountain pass.
+
+LONGFELLOW calls Erig'ena a _Scotchman_, whereas the very word means
+an Irishman.
+
+  Done into Latin by that Scottish beast.
+  Erigena Johannes.
+
+_Golden Legend_.
+
+"Without doubt, the poet mistook John Duns _[Scottus]_, who died
+in 1308, for John Scottus _[Erigena]_, who died in 875. Erigena
+translated into Latin, _St. Dionysius._ He was latitudinarian in his
+views, and anything but 'a Scottish beast or Calvinist.'"
+
+_The Two Angels_. Longfellow crowns the _death-angel_ with amaranth,
+with which Milton says, "the spirits elect bind their resplendent
+locks;" and his angel of _life_ he crowns with asphodels, the flowers
+of Pluto or the grave.
+
+MELVILLE (_Whyte_) makes a very prominent part of his story called
+_Holmby House_ turn on the death of a favorite hawk named Diamond,
+which Mary Cave tossed off, and saw "fall lifeless at the king's feet"
+(ch. xxix.). In ch. xlvi. this very hawk is represented to be alive;
+"proud, beautiful, and cruel, like a _Venus Victrix_ it perched on her
+mistress's wrist, unhooded."
+
+MILTON. "Colkitto or Macdonnel or Galasp." In this line of Sonnet XI,
+Milton seems to speak of three different persons, but in reality they
+are one and the same; i.e., Macdonnel, son of Colkittoch, son of
+Gillespie (Galasp). Colkittoch means left-handed.
+
+In _Comus_ (ver. 880) he makes the siren Ligea sleek her hair with a
+golden comb, as if she were a Scandinavian mermaid.
+
+MOORE (_Thom_.) says:
+
+  The sunflower turns on her god, when he sets,
+  The same look which she turned when he rose.
+
+_Irish Melodies_, ii. ("Believe Me, if all those Endearing Young
+Charms").
+
+The sunflower does not turn either to the rising or setting sun. It
+receives its name solely because it resembles a picture sun. It is not
+a turn-sun or heliotrope at all.
+
+MORRIS (_W_.), in his _Atalanta's Race_, renders the Greek word
+_Saophron_ "safron," and says:
+
+  She the saffron gown will never wear,
+  And in no flower-strewn couch shall she be laid;
+
+_i.e._ she will never be a bride. Nonnius (bk. xii.) tells us that
+virtuous women wore a girdled gown called _Saophron_ ("chaste"), to
+indicate their purity and to prevent indecorous liberties. The gown
+was not yellow at all, but it was girded with a girdle.
+
+MURPHY, in the _Grecian Daughter_, says (act i. 1):
+
+  Have you forgot the elder Dionysius,
+  Surnamed the Tyrant?... Evander came from Greece,
+  And sent the tyrant to his humble rank,
+  Once more reduced to roam for vile subsistence,
+  A wandering sophist thro' the realms of Greece.
+
+It was not Dionysius the _Elder_, but Dionysius the _Younger_, who was
+the "wandering sophist;" and it was not Evander, but Timoleon, who
+dethroned him. The elder Dionysius was not dethroned at all, nor
+even reduced "to humble rank." He reigned thirty-eight years without
+interruption, and died a king, in the plentitude of his glory, at the
+age of 63.
+
+In the same play (act iv. 1) Euphrasia says to Dionysius the Younger:
+
+  Think of thy father's fate at Corinth, Dionysius.
+
+It was not the father, but the son, (Dionysius the Younger) who lived
+in exile at Corinth.
+
+In the same play he makes Timo'leon victorious over the Syracusans
+(that is historically correct); and he makes Euphrasia stab Dionysius
+the Younger, whereas he retreated to Corinth, and spent his time in
+debauchery, but supported himself by keeping a school. Of his death
+nothing is known, but certainly he was not stabbed to death by
+Euphrasia.--See Plutarch.
+
+RYMER, in his _Foedera_, ascribes to Henry I. (who died in 1135) a
+preaching expedition for the restoration of Rochester Church, injured
+by fire in 1177 (vol. I i. 9).
+
+In the previous page Rymer ascribes to Henry I. a deed of gift from
+"Henry, king of England and _lord of Ireland_;" but every one knows
+that Ireland was conquered by Henry II., and the deed referred to was
+the act of Henry III.
+
+On p. 71 of the same vol. Odo is made, in 1298, to swear "in no wise
+to confederate with Richard I."; whereas Richard I. died in 1199.
+
+SABINE MAID (_The_). G. Gilfillan, in his introductory essay to
+Longfellow, says: "His ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid,
+have not crushed him." Tarpeia, who opened the gates of Rome to the
+Sabines, and was crushed to death by their shields, was not a _Sabine_
+maid, but a Roman.
+
+SCOTT (_Sir Walter_). In the _Heart of Midlothian_ we read;:
+
+She _[Effie Deans_] amused herself with visiting the dairy ... and was
+so near discovering herself to Mary Hetly by betraying her aquaintance
+with the celebrated receipt for Dunlop cheese, that she compared
+herself to Bedredeen Hassan, whom the vizier his father in-law
+discovered by his superlative skill in composing cream-tarts with
+pepper in them.
+
+In these few lines are several gross errors: (1) cream-tarts should
+be _cheese-cakes_; (2) the charge was "that he made cheese-cakes
+_without_ putting pepper in them," and not that he made "cream-tarts
+_with_ pepper;" (3) it was not the vizier, his father-in-law and
+uncle, but his mother, the widow of Nouredeen, who made the discovery,
+and why? for the best of all reasons--because she herself had taught
+her son the receipt. The party were at Damascus at the time.--_Arabian
+Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.). (See page 389, "Thackeray.")
+
+  "What!" said Bedredeen, "was everything in
+  my house to be broken and destroyed ... only
+  because I did not put pepper in a cheese-cake!"
+
+_Arabian Nights_ ("Nouredeen Ali," etc.).
+
+Again, Sir Walter Scott speaks of "the philosopher who appealed
+from Philip inflamed with wine to Philip in his hours of sobriety"
+(_Antiquary_, x.). This "philosopher" was a poor old woman.
+
+SHAKESPEARE. _Althaea and the Fire-brand_. Shakespeare says, (_Henry
+IV_. act ii. sc. 2) that "Althaea dreamt that she was delivered of a
+fire-brand." It was not Althaea, but Hecuba, who dreamed, a little
+before Paris was born, that her offspring was a brand that consumed
+the kingdom. The tale of Althaea is, that the Fates laid a log of wood
+on a fire, and told her that her son would live till that log was
+consumed; whereupon she snatched up the log and kept it from the fire,
+till one day her son Melea'ger offended her, when she flung the log on
+the fire, and her son died, as the Fates predicted.
+
+_Bohemia's Coast_. In the _Winter's Tale_ the vessel bearing the
+infant Perdita is "driven by storm on the coast of Bohemia;" but
+Bohemia has no seaboard at all.
+
+In _Coriolanus_, Shakespeare makes Volumnia the mother, and Virgilia
+the wife, of Coriolanus; but his _wife_ was Volumnia, and his _mother_
+Veturia.
+
+_Delphi an Island_. In the same drama (act iii. sc. 1) Delphi is
+spoken of as an island; but Delphi is a city of Phocis, containing a
+temple to Apollo. It is no island at all.
+
+_Duncan's Murder_. Macbeth did not murder Duncan in the castle of
+Inverness, as stated in the play, but at "the smith's house," near
+Elgin (1039).
+
+_Elsinore_. Shakespeare speaks of the beetling cliff of Elsinore,
+whereas Elsinore has no cliffs at all.
+
+  What if it [_the ghost_] tempt you toward the flood.
+  Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff
+  That beetles o'er its base into the sea?
+
+_Hamlet_, act i. sc. 4.
+
+_The Ghost_, in _Hamlet_, is evidently a Roman Catholic; he talks of
+purgatory, absolution, and other Catholic dogmas; but the Danes at the
+time were pagans.
+
+_St. Louis_. Shakespeare, in _Henry V_. act i. sc. 2, calls Louis X.
+"St. Louis," but "St. Louis" was Louis IX. It was Louis IX. whose
+"grandmother was Isabel," issue of Charles de Lorraine, the last of
+the Carlovingians. Louis X. was the son of Philippe IV. (_le Bel_) and
+grandson of Philippe III. and "Isabel of Aragon," not Isabel, "heir of
+Capet of the line of Charles the duke of Lorain."
+
+_Macbeth_ was no tyrant, as Shakespeare makes him out to be, but a
+firm and equitable prince, whose title to the throne was better than
+that of Duncan.
+
+Again, _Macbeth_ was not slain by Macduff at Dunsin'ane, but made his
+escape from the battle, and was slain in 1056, at Lumphanan.--Lardner,
+_Cabinet Cyc_., 17-19.
+
+In _The Winter's Tale_, act v. sc. 2, one of the gentlemen refers to
+Julio Romano, the Italian artist and architect (1492-1546), certainly
+some 1800 years or more before Romano was born.
+
+In _Twelfth Night_, the Illyrian clown speaks of St. Bennet's Church,
+London. "The triplex, sir, is a good tripping measure, or the bells of
+St. Bennet's sure may put you in mind: one, two, three" (act v. sc.
+1); as if the duke was a Londoner.
+
+SPENSER. _Bacchus_ or _Saturn_? In the _Faery Queen_, iii. 11,
+Britomart saw in the castle of Bu'sirane (_3 syl_.), a picture
+descriptive of the love of Saturn, who had changed himself into a
+centaur out of love for Erig'one. It was not Saturn, but Bacchus who
+loved Erig'one, and he was not tranformed into a centaur, but to a
+horse.
+
+_Beone_ or _Oenone_? In bk. vi. 9 (_Faery Queen_) the lady-love of
+Paris is called Benone, which ought to be Oenone. The poet says that
+Paris was "by Plexippus' brook" when the golden apple was brought to
+him; but no such brook is mentioned by any classic author.
+
+_Critias and Socrates_. In bk. ii. 7 _(Faery Queen)_ Spenser says:
+"The wise Socrates ... poured out his life ... to the dear Critias;
+his dearest bel-amie." It was not Socrates, but Theram'enes, one of
+the thirty tyrants, who in quaffing the poison-cup, said smiling,
+"This I drink to the health of fair Critias."--Cicero, _Tusculan
+Questions_.
+
+_Critias_ or _Crito_? In _Faery Queen_, iv. (introduction), Spenser
+says that Socrates often discoursed of love to his friend Critias; but
+it was Crito, or rather Criton that the poet means.
+
+_Cyprus_ and _Paphos_. Spenser makes Sir Scudamore speak of a temple
+of Venus, far more beautiful than "that in Paphos, or that in Cyprus;"
+but Paphos was merely a town in the island of Cyprus, and the "two"
+are but one and the same temple.--_Faery Queen_, iv. 10.
+
+_Hippomanes_. Spenser says the golden apples of Mammon's garden were
+better than Those with which the Eubaean young man won Swift Atalanta.
+_Faery Queen_, ii. 7.
+
+The young man was Hippom'anes. He was not a "Eubaean," but a native of
+Onchestos, in Boeo'tia.
+
+TENNYSON, in the _Last Tournament_, says (ver. I), Dagonet was
+knighted in mockery by Sir Gaw'ain; but in the _History of Prince
+Arthur_ we are distinctly told that King Arthur knighted him with his
+own hand (pt. ii. 91).
+
+In _Gareth and Lynette_ the same poet says that Grareth was the son
+of Lot and Bellicent; but we are told a score times and more in the
+_History of Prince Arthur_, that he was the son of Margawse (Arthur's
+sister and Lot's wife, pt. i. 36).
+
+King Lot ... wedded Margawse; Nentres ... wedded Elain.--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 35, 36.
+
+In the same _Idyll_ Tennyson has changed Liones to Lyonors; but,
+according to the collection of romances edited by Sir T. Malory, these
+were quite different persons. Liones, daughter of Sir Persaunt, and
+sister of Linet of Castle Perilous, married Sir Gareth (pt. i. 153);
+but Lyonors was the daughter of Earl Sanam, and was the unwedded
+mother of Sir Borre by King Arthur (pt. i. 15).
+
+Again, Tennyson makes Gareth marry Lynette, and leaves the true
+heroine, Lyonors, in the cold; but the _History_ makes Grareth marry
+Liones _(Lyonors)_, and Gaheris his brother marries Linet.
+
+Thus endeth the history of Sir Gareth, that wedded Dame Liones of the
+Castle Perilous; and also of Sir Gaheris, who wedded her sister Dame
+Linet.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (end of pt. i.).
+
+Again, in _Gareth and Lynette_, by erroneously beginning day with
+sunrise instead of the previous eve, Tennyson reverses the order of
+the knights, and makes the _fresh green morn_ represent the decline of
+day, or, as he calls it, "Hesperus" or "Evening Star;" and the blue
+star of evening he makes "Phosphorus" or the "Morning Star."
+
+Once more, in _Gareth and Lynette_, the poet-laureate makes the
+combat between Gareth and Death finished at a single blow, but in the
+_History_, Gareth fights from dawn to dewy eve.
+
+Thus they fought [_from sunrise_] till it was past noon, and would not
+stint, till, at last both lacked wind, and then stood they wagging,
+staggering, panting, blowing, and bleeding ... and when they had
+rested them awhile, they went to battle again, trasing, rasing,
+and foyning, as two boars ... Thus they endured till evening-song
+time.--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 136.
+
+In _the Last Tournament_, Tennyson makes Sir Tristram stabbed to
+death, by Sir Mark in Tintag'il Castle, Cornwall, while toying with
+his aunt, Isolt _the Fair_, but in the _History_ he was in bed in
+Brittany, severely wounded, and dies of a shock, because his wife
+tells him the ship in which he expected his aunt to come was sailing
+into port with a _black_ sail instead of a white one.
+
+The poet-laureate has deviated so often from the collection of tales
+edited by Sir Thomas Malory, that it would occupy too much space to
+point out his deviations even in the briefest manner.
+
+THACKERAY, in _Vanity Fair_, has taken from Sir Walter Scott his
+allusion to Bedredeen, and not from the _Arabian Nights._ He has,
+therefore, fallen into the same error, and added two more. He says: "I
+ought to have remembered the pepper which the Princess of Persia puts
+into the cream-tarts in India, sir" (ch. iii.). The charge was that
+Bedredeen made his _cheese-cakes without_ putting pepper into them.
+But Thackeray has committed in this allusion other blunders. It was
+not a "princess" at all, but Bedredeen Hassan, who for the nonce had
+become a confectioner. He learned the art of making cheese-cakes from
+his mother (a widow). Again, it was not a "princess of Persia," for
+Bedredeen's mother was the widow of the vizier of Balsora, at that
+time quite independent of Persia.
+
+VICTOR HUGO, in _Les Travailleurs de la Mer_, renders "the Frith of
+Forth" by the phrase _Premier des quatre_, mistaking "Frith" _for
+first_, and "Forth" _for fourth_ or four.
+
+In his _Marie Tudor_ he refers to the _History and Annals of Henry
+VII_. par Franc Baronum, "meaning" _Historia, etc_.
+
+_Henrici Septimi_, per Franciscum Baconum.
+
+VIEGIL has placed AEneas in a harbor which did not exist at the time.
+"Portusque require Velinos" _(AEneid_, vi. 366). It was Curius Dentatus
+who cut a gorge through the rocks to let the waters of the Velinus
+into the Nar. Before this was done, the Velinus was merely a number of
+stagnant lakes, and the blunder is about the same as if a modern poet
+were to make Columbus pass through the Suez Canal.
+
+In _AEneid_, in. 171 Virgil makes AEneas speak of "Ausonia;" but as
+Italy was so called from Auson, son of Ulysses and Calypso, of course
+AEneas could not have known the name.
+
+Again, in _AEneid_ ix. 571, he represents Chorinseus as slain by
+Asy'las; but in bk. xii. 298 he is alive again. Thus:
+
+Chorinaeum sternit Asylas
+
+Bk. ix. 571.
+
+Then:
+
+  Obvius ambustum torrem Chorinseus ab ara
+  Corripit, et venienti Ebuso plagamque ferenti
+  Occupat os flammis, etc.
+
+  Bk. xii. 298, etc.
+
+Again in bk. ix. Numa is slain by Nisus, (ver. 554); but in bk. x. 562
+Numa is alive, and AEneas kills him.
+
+Once more, in bk. x. AEneas slays Camertes (ver. 562); but in bk. xii.
+224 Jaturna, the sister of Turnus, assumes his shape. But if he was
+dead, no one would have been deluded into supposing the figure to be
+the living man.
+
+[Illustration] Of course, every intelligent reader will be able to add
+to this list; but no more space can be allowed for the subject in this
+dictionary.
+
+ER'RUA ("_the mad-cap_"), a young man whose wit defeated the strength
+of the giant Tartaro (a sort of one-eyed Polypheme). Thus the first
+competition was in throwing a stone. The giant threw his stone, but
+Errua threw a _bird_, which the giant supposed to be a stone, and as
+it flew out of sight, Errua won the wager. The next wager was a bar
+of iron. After the giant had thrown, Errua said, "From here to
+Salamanca;" whereupon the giant bade him not to throw, lest the bar of
+iron should kill his father and mother, who lived there; so the giant
+lost the second wager. The third was to pull a tree up by the roots;
+and the giant gave in because Errua had run a cord around a host of
+trees, and said, "You pull up one, but I pull up all these." The next
+exploit was at bed-time; Errua was to sleep in a certain bed; but
+he placed a dead man in the bed, while he himself got under it. At
+midnight Tartaro took his club and belabored the dead body most
+unmercifully. When Errua stood before Tartaro next morning, the giant
+was dumbfounded. He asked Errua how he had slept. "Excellently well,"
+said Errua, "but somewhat troubled by fleas." Other trials were made,
+but always in favor of Errua. At length a race was proposed, and Errua
+sewed into a bag the bowels of a pig. When he started, he cut the bag,
+strewing the bowels on the road. When Tartaro was told that his rival
+had done this to make himself more fleet, he cut his belly, and of
+course killed himself.--Rev. W. Webster, _Basque Legends_ (1877).
+
+ERS'KINE _(The. Rev. Dr_.), minister of Grayfriar's Church,
+Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+ER'TANAX, a fish common in the Euphrates. The bones of this fish
+impart courage and strength.
+
+  A fish ... haunteth the flood of Eufrates ...
+  it is called an ertanax, and his bones be of such
+  a manner of kind that whoso handleth them he
+  shall have so much courage that he shall never
+  be weary, and he shall not think on joy nor
+  sorrow that he hath had, but only on the thing
+  he beholdeth before him.--Sir T. Malory, _History
+  of Prince Arthur_, iii. 84, (1470).
+
+ERUDITE (_Most_). Marcus Terentius Varro is called "the most erudite
+of the Romans" (B.C. 116-27).
+
+ER'YTHRE, modesty personified, the virgin page of Parthen'ia or maiden
+of chastity, in _The Purple Island_, by Phineas Fletcher (1633). Fully
+described in canto x. (Greek, _cruthros_, "red," from _eruthriao_, "to
+blush.")
+
+ERYSICHTHON [_Erri. sik'. thon_], a grandson of Neptune, who was
+punished by Ceres with insatiable hunger, for cutting down some trees
+in a grove sacred to that goddess. (See ERISICHTHON.)
+
+ES'CALUS, an ancient, kind-hearted lord in the deputation of the duke
+of Vienna.--Shakespeare, _Measure for Measure_ (1603).
+
+_Es'calus_, Prince of Vero'na.--Shakespeare, _Romeo and Juliet_
+(1598).
+
+ES'CANES (_3 syl_.), one of the lords of Tyre.--Shakespeare,
+_Pericles, Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
+
+ESCOBAR (_Mons. L_') the French, name for a fox, so called from M.
+Escobar the probabilist, whence also the verb _escobarder_, "to play
+the fox," "to play fast and loose."
+
+The French have a capital name for the fox, namely, M. L'Escobar,
+which may be translated the "shuffler," or more freely, "sly
+boots."--_The Daily News_, March 25, 1878.
+
+ESCOTILLO (_i.e. little Michael Scott_), considered by the common
+people as a magician, because he possessed more knowledge of natural
+and experimental philosophy than his contemporaries.
+
+ES'DALE (_Mr_.), a surgeon at Madras.--Sir W. Scott, _The Surgeon's
+Daughter_ (time, George II.).
+
+ES'INGS, the king of Kent. So called from Eisc, the father of Hengist,
+as the Tuscans receive their name from Tuscus, the Romans from
+Romulus, the Cecrop'idae from Cecrops, the Britons from Brutus, and so
+on.--Ethelwerd, _Chron_., ii.
+
+ESMERALDA, a beautiful gypsy-girl, who, with tambourine and goat,
+dances in the _place_ before Notre Dame de Paris, and is looked on as
+a witch. Quasimodo conceals her for a time in the church, but after
+various adventures she is gibbeted.--Victor Hugo, _Notre Dame de
+Paris_.
+
+_Esmeralda_; humbly-born heroine of Frances Hodgson Burnett's work of
+same name. The story has been dramatized and played with great effect.
+
+ESMOND (_Henry_), a chivalrous cavalier in the reign of Queen Anne;
+the hero of Thackeray's novel called _Henry Esmond_ (1852).
+
+ESPLAN'DIAN, son of Am'adis and Oria'na. Montalvo has made him the
+subject of a fifth book to the four original books of _Amadis of Gaul_
+(1460).
+
+The description of the most furious battles, carried on with all the
+bloody-mindedness of an Esplandian or a Bobadil [Ben Jonson, _Every
+Man in his Humor_].--_Encyc. Brit_., Art. "Romance."
+
+ESPRIEL'LA (_Manuel Alvarez_), the apocryphal name of Robert Southey.
+The poet-laureate pretends that certain "letters from England,"
+written by this Spaniard, were translated by him from the original
+Spanish (three vols., 1807).
+
+ESSEX (_The earl of_), a tragedy by Henry Jones (1745.) Lord Burleigh
+and Sir Walter Raleigh entertained a mortal hatred of the earl of
+Essex, and accused him to the queen of treason. Elizabeth disbelieved
+the charge; but at this juncture the earl left Ireland, whither the
+queen had sent him, and presented himself before her. She was very
+angry, and struck him, and Essex rushed into open rebellion, was
+taken, and condemned to death. The queen had given him a ring before
+the trial, telling him whatever petition he asked should be granted,
+if he sent to her this ring. When the time of execution drew nigh, the
+queen sent the countess of Nottingham to the Tower, to ask Essex if he
+had any plea to make. The earl entreated her to present the ring
+to her majesty, and petition her to spare the life of his friend
+Southampton. The countess purposely neglected this charge, and Essex
+was executed. The queen, it is true, sent a reprieve, but Lord
+Burleigh took care it should arrive too late. The poet says that Essex
+had recently married the countess of Rutland, that both the queen and
+the countess of Nottingham were jealous, and that this jealousy was
+the chief cause of the earl's death.
+
+The Abbe Boyer, La Calprenede, and Th. Corneille have tragedies on the
+some subject.
+
+_Essex_ (_The earl of_), lord high constable of England, introduced by
+Sir W. Scott in his novel called _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+ESTEL'LA, a haughty beauty, adopted by Miss Havisham. She was
+affianced by her wish to Pip, but married Bentley Drummle.--C.
+Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).
+
+ESTHER, housekeeper to Muhldenau, minister of Mariendorpt. She loves
+Hans, a servant to the minister, but Hans is shy, and Esther has to
+teach him how to woo and win her. Esther and Hans are similar to Helen
+and Modus, only in lower social grade.--S. Knowles, _The Maid of
+Mariendorpt_ (1838).
+
+ESTHER HAWDON, better known through the tale as Esther Summerson,
+natural daughter of Captain Hawdon and Lady Dedlock (before her
+marriage with Sir Leicester Dedlock). Esther is a most lovable, gentle
+creature, called by those who know and love her, "Dame Durden" or
+"Dame Trot." She is the heroine of the tale, and a ward in Chancery.
+Eventually she marries Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.--C. Dickens, _Bleak
+House_ (1852).
+
+ESTHER _Bush_: Wife of the squatter Ishmael Bush. Loud-voiced, sharp
+of temper and hard of hand, yet loyal in her way to husband and
+children.--James Fennimore Cooper, _The Prairie_, (1827).
+
+_Esther_ (_Queen_), Indian monarch who, during the Wyoming massacre,
+dashes out the brains of sixteen prisoners with her own hands, as a
+sacrifice to the manes of her son. Queen Esther's Rock is still shown
+to travelers.--Ann Sophia Stevens, _Mary Derwent_ (1845).
+
+ESTIFA'NIA, an intriguing woman, servant of donna Margaritta, the
+Spanish heiress. She palms herself off on Don Michael Perez (the
+copper captain) as an heiress, and the mistress of Margaritta's
+mansion. The captain marries her, and finds out that all her swans
+are only geese.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Rule a Wife and Have a Wife_
+(1640).
+
+EST-IL-POSSSIBLE? A nickname given to George of Denmark (Queen
+Anne's husband), because his general remark to the most startling
+announcement was, _Est-il possible?_ With this exclamation he
+exhausted the vials of his wrath. It was James II. who gave him the
+sobriquet.
+
+EST'MERE (_2 syl_.), king of England. He went with his younger brother
+Adler to the court of King Adlands, to crave his daughter in marriage;
+but King Adlands replied that Bremor, the sowdan, or sultan of Spain,
+had forestalled him. However, the lady, being consulted, gave her
+voice in favor of the king of England. While Estmere and his brother
+went to make preparations for the wedding, the "sowdan" arrived, and
+demanded the lady to wife. A messenger was immediately despatched to
+inform Estmere, and the two brothers returned, disguised as a _harper
+and his boy_. They gained entrance into the palace, and Adler sang,
+saying, "O ladye, this is thy owne true love; no harper, but a king;"
+and then drawing his sword he slew the "sowdan," Estmere at the same
+time chasing from the hall the "kempery men." Being now master of
+the position, Estmere took "the ladye faire," made her his wife, and
+brought her home to England.--Percy, _Reliques_, 1. i. 5.
+
+ESTRILDIS OR ELSTRED, daughter of the Emperor of Germany. She was
+taken captive in war by Locrin (king of Britain), by whom she became
+the mother of Sabrin or Sabre. Gwendolen, the wife of Locrin, feeling
+insulted by this liaison, slew her husband, and had Estrildis and
+her daughter thrown into a river, since called the Sabri'na or
+Severn.--Geoffrey, _British History_, ii. 2, etc.
+
+ESTWICKE (_John_), hero of Charles Egbert Craddock's book, _Where the
+Battle was Fought_ (1884). His real name was John Fortescue.
+
+ETE'OCLES AND POLYNI'CES, the two sons Oe'dipos. After the expulsion
+of their father, these two young princes agreed to reign alternate
+years in Thebes. Eteocles, being the elder, took the first turn, but
+at the close of the year refused to resign the sceptre to his brother;
+whereupon Polynices, aided by six other chiefs, laid seige to the
+city. The two brothers met in combat, and each was slain by the
+other's hand.
+
+[Illustration] A similar fratricidal struggle is told of Don Pedro of
+Castile and his half-brother Don Henry. When Don Pedro had estranged
+the Castilians by his cruelty, Don Henry invaded Castile with a body
+of French auxiliaries, and took his brother prisoner. Don Henry
+visited him in prison, and the two brothers fell on each other like
+lions. Henry wounded Pedro in the face, but fell over a bench, when
+Pedro seized him. At that moment a Frenchman seized Pedro by the
+leg, tossed him over, and Henry slew him.--Menard, _History of Du
+Gueselin._
+
+ETHAN (_Allen_). He gives under his own hand the history of the
+capture of Ticonderoga, May 10, 1775, and corroborates the popular
+story that he demanded the surrender of the fortress, "_In the name of
+the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!_" _Allen's Narrative
+of Captivity_ (1779).
+
+ETH'ELBERT, king of Kent, and the first of the Anglo-Saxon kings
+who was a Christian. He persuaded Gregory to send over Augustine to
+convert the English to "the true faith" (596), and built St. Paul's,
+London.--Ethelwerd's _Chronicle_, ii.
+
+  Good Ethelbert of Kent, first christened English king.
+  To preach the faith of Christ was first did hither bring
+  Wise Au'gustine the monk, from holy Gregory sent...
+  That mighty fane to Paul in London did erect.
+
+Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xi. (1613).
+
+ETH'ERINGTON (_The late earl of_) father of Tyrrel and Bulmer.
+
+_The titular earl of Etherington_, his successor to the title and
+estates.
+
+_Marie de Martigny_ (_La comtesse_), wife of the titular earl of
+Etherington.--Sir W. Scott, _St. Ronan's Well_ (time, George III.).
+
+ETHIOPIANS, the same as Abassinians. The Arabians call these people
+El-habasen or Al-habasen, whence our Abassins, but they call
+themselves Ithiopians or Ethiopians.--Seldon, _Titles of Honor_, vi.
+64.
+
+  Where the Abassin kings their issue guard,
+  Mount Amara.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 280 (1665).
+
+ETHIOP'S QUEEN, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, was
+Cassiope'a, wife of Ce'pheus (_2 syl_.) king of Ethiopia. Boasting
+that she was fairer than the sea-nymphs, she offended the Nereids, who
+complained to Neptune. Old father Earth-Shaker sent a huge sea-monster
+to ravage her kingdom for her insolence. At death Cassiopea was made a
+constellation of thirteen stars.
+
+  ... that starred Ethiop queen that strove
+  To set her beauty's praise above
+  The sea-nymphs, and their powers offended.
+
+Milton, _Il Penseroso_, 19 (1638).
+
+
+ETHNIC PLOT. The "Popish Plot" is so called in Dryden's satire of
+_Absalom and Achitophel._ As Dryden calls the royalists "Jews,"
+and calls Charles II. "David, king of the Jews," the papists were
+"Gentiles" (or _Ethnoi_), whence the "Ethnic Plot" means the plot of
+the Ethnoi against the people of God.--Pt. i. (1681).
+
+ETIQUETTE (_Madame_), the Duchesse de Noailles, grand mistress of the
+ceremonies in the court of Marie Antoinette; so called from her rigid
+enforcement of all the formalities and ceremonies of the _ancien
+regime._
+
+ETNA. Zens buried under this mountain Enkel'ados, one of the
+hundred-handed giants.
+
+  The whole land weighed him down, as Etna does
+  The giant of mythology.
+
+Tennyson, _The Golden Supper_.
+
+ETTEILLA, the pseudonym of Alliette (spelt backwards), a perruquier
+and diviner of the eighteenth century. He became a professed cabalist,
+and was visited in his studio in the Hotel de Crillon (Rue de la
+Verrerie) by all those who desired to unroll the Book of Fate. In 1783
+he published _Maniere de se Recreer avec le Jeu de Cartes nommees
+Tarots_. In the British Museum are some divination cards published
+in Paris in the first half of the nineteenth century, called _Grand
+Etteilla_ and _Petit Etteilla_, each pack being accompanied with a
+book of explication and instruction.
+
+ETTERCAP, an ill-tempered person, who mars sociability. The
+ettercap is the poison-spider, and should be spelt "Attercop." (The
+Anglo-Saxon, _atter-cop_, poison-spider.)
+
+  O sirs, was sic difference seen
+  As 'twix wee Will and Tam,
+  The ane's a perfect ettercap,
+  The ither's just a lamb.
+  W. Miller, _Nursery Songs_.
+
+ETTRICK SHEPHERD _(The)_, James Hogg, the Scotch Poet., who was born
+in the forest of Ettrick, in Selkirkshire, and was in early life a
+shepherd (1772-1835).
+
+ETTY'S NINE PICTURES, "the Combat," the three "Judith" pictures,
+"Benaiah," "Ulysses and the Syrens," and the three pictures of "Joan
+of Arc."
+
+  "My aim," says Etty, "in all my great
+  pictures has been to paint some great moral on
+  the heart. 'The Combat' represents _the beauty
+  of mercy_; the three 'Judith' pictures, _patriotism_
+  [1, _self-devotion to God; 2, self-devotion to man_; 3,
+  _self-devotion to country_;] 'Benaiah, David's chief
+  captain,' represents _valor_; 'Ulysses and the
+  Syrens,' _sensual delights_ or _the wages of sin is
+  death_; and the three pictures of 'Joan of Arc'
+  depict _religion, loyalty_ and _patriotism_. In all,
+  nine in number, as it was my desire to paint
+  three."--William Etty, of York (1787-1849).
+
+ET'ZEL or EZZEL _(i.e. Attila_), king of the Huns, in the songs of
+the German minnesingers. A ruler over three kingdoms and thirty
+principalities. His second wife was Kriemhild, the widow of Siegfried.
+In pt ii. of the _Niebelungen Lied_, he sees his sons and liegemen
+struck down without making the least effort to save them, and is as
+unlike the Attila of history as a "hector" is to the noble Trojan "the
+protector of mankind."
+
+EU'CHARIS, one of the nymphs of Calypso, with whom Telemachos was
+deeply smitten. Mentor, knowing his love was sensual love, hurried him
+away from the island. He afterwards fell in love with Anti'ope, and
+Mentor approved his choice.--Fenelon, _Telemaque_, vii. (1700).
+
+Eucharis is meant for Mdlle. de Fontange, maid of honor to Mde. de
+Montespan. For a few months she was a favorite with Louis XIV., but
+losing her good looks she was discarded, and died at the age of 20.
+She used to dress her hair with streaming ribbons, and hence this
+style of head-gear was called _a la Fontange_.
+
+EU'CLIO, a penurious old hunks.--Plautus, _Aulularia_.
+
+  Now you must explain all this to me, unless
+  you would have me use you as ill as Euclio does
+  Staphy'la--Sir W. Scott.
+
+EU'CRATES (3 _syl_.), the miller, and one of the archons of Athens. A
+shuffling fellow, always evading his duty and breaking his promise;
+hence the Latin proverb:
+
+  Vias novit quibus effugiat Eucrates ("He has
+  more shifts than Eucrates").
+
+EUDO'CIA (_4 syl_.), daughter of Eu'menes, governor of Damascus.
+Pho'cyas, general of the Syrian forces, being in love with her, asks
+the consent of Eumenes, and is refused. In revenge, he goes over to
+the Arabs, who are beseiging Damascus. Eudocia is taken captive, but
+refuses to wed a traitor. At the end, Pho'cyas dies, and Eudocia
+retires into a nunnery.--John Hughes, _The Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+EUDON (_Count_) of Catabria. A baron favorable to the Moors, "too
+weak-minded to be independent." When the Spaniards rose up against
+the Moors, the first order of the Moorish chief was this: "Strike off
+Count Eudon's head: the fear which brought him to our camp will bring
+him else in arms against us now" (ch. xxv.). Southey, _Roderick,
+etc_., xiii. (1814).
+
+EUDOX'IA, wife of the Emperor Valentin'ian. Petro'nius Max'imus
+"poisoned" the emperor, and the empress killed Maximus.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _Valentinian_ (1617).
+
+EUGENE _(Aram)._ Scholarly man of high ideals, who has committed a
+murder, and hides the knowledge of it from all. He is finally hunted
+down.--Lord Lytton, _Eugene Aram_.
+
+EUGE'NIA, called "Silence" and the "Unknown." She was the wife of
+Count de Valmont, and mother of Florian, "the foundling of the
+forest." In order to come into the property, Baron Longueville used
+every endeavor to kill Eugenia and Florian, but all his attemps were
+abortive, and his villainy at length was brought to light.--W. Dimond,
+_The Foundling of the Forest._
+
+EUGENIE _(Lalande)._ The marvellously well-preserved great-grandmother
+of a near-sighted youth who addresses and marries her. She reveals the
+trick that has been played on him by presenting him with a pair of
+eye-glasses.--Edgar Allan Poe, _The Spectacles_.
+
+EUGENIO, a young gentleman who turned goat-herd, because Leandra
+jilted him and eloped with a heartless adventurer named Vincent de la
+Rosa.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote, I_. iv. 20 ("The Goatherd's Story,"
+1605).
+
+EUGENIUS, the friend and wise counsellor of Yorick. John Hall
+Stevenson was the original of this character.--Sterne, _Tristram
+Shandy_ (1759).
+
+EUHE'MEROS a Sicilian Greek, who wrote a _Sacred History_ to explain
+the historical or allegorical character of the Greek and Latin
+mythologies.
+
+One could wish Euhemeros had never been born. It was he that spoilt
+[_the old myths_] first.--Ouida, _Ariadne_, i.1.
+
+EULENSPIEGEL _(Tyll), i.e._ "Tyll Owl-glass," of Brunswick. A man
+who runs through the world as charlatan, fool, lansquenet, domestic
+servant, artist, and Jack-of-all-trades. He undertakes anything, but
+rejoices in cheating those who employ him; he parodies proverbs,
+rejoices in mischief, and is brimful of pranks and drolleries. Whether
+Uulenspiegel was a real character or not is a matter of dispute, but
+by many the authorship of the book recording his jokes is attributed
+to the famous German satirist, Thomas Murner.
+
+In the English versions of the story he is called _Howle-glass._
+
+To few mortals has it been granted to earn such a place in universal
+history as Tyll Eulenspiegel. Now, after five centuries, his native
+village is pointed out with pride to the traveller.--Carlyle.
+
+EUMAEOS (in Latin, _Eumoes_), the slave and swine-herd of Ulysses,
+hence any swine-herd.
+
+EU'MENES (_3 syl._), Governor of Damascus, and father of
+Eudo'cia.--John Hughes, _Siege of Damascus_ (1720).
+
+EUMNES'TES, Memory personified. Spenser says he is an old man,
+decrepit and half blind. He was waited on by a boy named Anamnestes.
+[Greek, _eumnestis_, "good memory," _anamnestis_, "research."--_Faery
+Queen_, ii. 9 (1590).]
+
+EUNICE (_Alias "Nixey_"). A friendless, ignorant girl, who bears an
+illegitimate child, while almost a child herself. She is taken from
+the street by a Christian woman and taught true purity and virtue.
+
+In her horror at the discovery of the foulness of the sin, she
+vows herself to the life of an uncloistered nun. Her death in a
+thunderstorm is translation rather than dissolution.--Elizabeth Stuart
+Phelps _Hedged In_ (1870).
+
+EUPHRA'SIA, daughter of Lord Dion, a character resembling "Viola" in
+Shakespeare's _Twelfth Night_. Being in love with Prince Philaster,
+she assumes boy's attire, calls herself "Bellario," and enters the
+prince's service. Philaster transfers Bellario to the Princess
+Arethusa, and then grows jealous of the lady's love for her tender
+page. The sex of Bellario being discovered, shows the groundlessness
+of this jealousy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Philaster_ or _Love Lies
+A-bleeding_ (1608).
+
+_Euphra'sia_, "the Grecian daughter," was daughter of Evander, the
+old king of Syracuse (dethroned by Dionysius, and kept prisoner in a
+dungeon on the summit of a rock). She was the wife of Phocion, who had
+fled from Syracuse to save their infant son. Euphrasia, having
+gained admission to the dungeon where her aged father was dying from
+starvation, "fostered him at her breast by the milk designed for her
+own babe, and thus the father found a parent in the child." When
+Timoleon took Syracuse, Dionysius was about to stab Evander, but
+Euphrasia, rushing forward, struck the tyrant dead upon the spot.--A.
+Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_ (1772).
+
+[Illustration] The same tale is told-of Xantippe, who preserved the
+life of her father Cimo'nos in prison. The guard, astonished that the
+old man held out so long, set a watch and discovered the secret.
+
+  There is a dungeon, in whose dim drear light
+  What do I gaze on!...
+  An old man, and a female young and fair,
+  Fresh as a nursing mother, in whose veins
+
+  The blood is nectar ...
+  Here youth offers to old age the food,
+  The milk of his own gift.... It is her sire,
+  To whom she renders back the debt of blood.
+
+Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 148 (1817).
+
+EU'PHRASY, the herb eye-bright; so called because it was once supposed
+to be efficacious in clearing the organs of sight. Hence the archangel
+Michael purged the eyes of Adam with it, to enable him to see into the
+distant future.--See Milton, _Paradise Lost_, xi. 414-421 (1665).
+
+EU'PHUES (3 _syll_), the chief character in John Lilly's _Euphues or
+The Anatomy of Wit_, and _Euphues and his England_. He is an Athenian
+gentleman, distinguished for his elegance, wit, love-making, and
+roving habits. Shakespeare borrowed his "government of the bees"
+_(Henry V_. act i. sc. 2) from Lilly. Euphues was designed to exhibit
+the style affected by the gallants of England in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth. Thomas Lodge wrote a novel in a similar style, called
+_Euphues' Golden Legacy_ (1590).
+
+  "The commonwealth of your bees," replied
+  Euphues,  "did so delight me that I was not a
+  little sorry that either their estates have not been
+  longer, or your leisure more; for, in my simple
+  judgment, there was such an orderly government
+  that men may not be ashamed to imitate it."
+
+J. Lilly, _Euphues_ (1581).
+
+
+(The romances of Calprenede and Scuderi bear the same relation to
+the jargon of Louis XIV., as the _Euphues_ of Lilly to that of Queen
+Elizabeth.)
+
+EURE'KA! or rather HEUKE'KA! ("I have discovered it!") The exclamation
+of Archime'des, the Syracusan philosopher, when he found out how to
+test the purity of Hi'ero's crown.
+
+The tale is, that Hiero suspected that a craftsman to whom he had
+given a certain weight of gold to make into a crown had alloyed the
+metal, and he asked Archimedes to ascertain if his suspicion was well
+founded. The philosopher, getting into his bath, observed that the
+water ran over, and it flashed into his mind that his body displaced
+its own bulk of water. Now, suppose Hiero gave the goldsmith 1 lb. of
+gold, and the crown weighed 1 lb., it is manifest that if the crown
+was pure gold, both ought to displace the same quantity of water; but
+they did not do so, and therefore the gold had been tampered with.
+Archimedes next immersed in water 1 lb. of silver, and the difference
+of water displaced soon gave the clue to the amount of alloy
+introduced by the artificer.
+
+  Vitruvius says: "When the idea occurred to
+  the philosopher, he jumped out of his bath, and
+  without waiting to put on his clothes, he ran
+  home, exclaiming, '_Heureka! heureka!_'"
+
+EURO'PA. _The Fight at Dame Europa's School_, written by the Rev.
+H.W. Pullen, minor canon of Salisbury Cathedral. A skit on the
+Franco-Prussian war (1870-1871).
+
+EUROPE'S LIBERATOR. So Wellington was called after the overthrow of
+Bonaparte (1769-1852).
+
+  Oh, Wellington ... called "Saviour of the Nations"
+  And "Europe's Liberator."
+
+Byron, _Don Juan_, ix. 5 (1824).
+
+EU'RUS, the east wind; Zephyr, the west wind; No'tus, the south wind;
+Bo'reas, the north wind. Eurus, in Italian, is called the Lev'ant
+("rising of the sun"), and Zephyr is called Po'nent, ("setting of the
+sun ").
+
+  Forth rush the Levant and the Ponent winds--
+  Eurus and Zephyr.
+
+Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 705 (1665).
+
+EURYD'ICE (_4 syl_.), the wife of Orpheus, killed by a serpent on her
+wedding night.
+
+Orpheus went down to Hades to crave for her restoration to life, and
+Pluto said she should follow him to earth provided he did not look
+back. When the poet was stepping on the confines of our earth, he
+turned to see if Eurydice was following, and just caught a glance of
+her as she was snatched back into the shades below.
+
+(Pope tells the tale in his Pindaric poem, called _Ode on St.
+Cecilia's Day_, 1709.)
+
+EURYT'ION, the herdsman of Grer'yon. He never slept day nor night, but
+walked unceasingly among his herds with his two-headed dog Orthros.
+"Hercules them all did overcome."--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, v. 10
+(1696).
+
+EUS'TACE, one of the attendants of Sir Reginald Front de Boeuf (a
+follower of Prince John).--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
+
+_Eustace, (Father)_, or "Father Eustatius," the superior and
+afterwards abbot of St. Mary's. He was formerly William Allan, and the
+friend of Henry Warden (afterwards the Protestant preacher).--Sir W.
+Scott, _The Monastery_ (time, Elizabeth).
+
+_Eustace (Charles)_, a pupil of Ignatius Polyglot. He has been
+clandestinely married for four years, and has a little son named
+Frederick. Charles Eustace confides his scrape to Polyglot, and
+conceals his young wife in the tutor's private room. Polyglot is
+thought to be a libertine, but the truth comes out, and all parties
+are reconciled.--J. Poole, _The Scapegoat._
+
+_Eus'tace (Jack)_, the lover of Lucinda, and "a very worthy young
+fellow," of good character and family. As Justice Woodcock was averse
+to the marriage, Jack introduced himself as a music-master, and Sir
+William Meadows, who recognized him, persuaded the justice to consent
+to the marriage of the young couple. This he was the more ready to
+do as his sister Deborah said positively he "should not do it."--Is.
+Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_.
+
+EVA (_St. Clair_). Lovely child, the daughter of Uncle Tom's master,
+and Uncle Tom's warm friend.--H.B. Stowe, _Uncle Tom's Cabin_ (1851).
+
+E'VA, daughter of Torquil of the Oak. She is betrothed to Ferquhard
+Day.--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+EVAD'NE (3 _syl._), wife of Kap'aneus (_3 syl_.). She threw herself on
+the funeral pile of her husband, and was consumed with him.
+
+_Evad'ne_ (3 _syl_.), sister of Melantius. Amintor was compelled by
+the king to marry her, although he was betrothed to Aspasia (the
+"maid" whose death forms the tragical event of the drama).--Beaumont
+and Fletcher, _The Maid's Tragedy_ (1610).
+
+The purity of female virtue in Aspasia is well contrasted with the
+guilty boldness of Evadne, and the rough soldier-like bearing and
+manly feeling of Melantius render the selfish sensuality of the king
+more hateful and disgusting.--R. Chambers, _English Literature_, i.
+204.
+
+_Evad'ne_ or The Statue, a drama by Sheil (1820). Ludov'ico, the chief
+minister of Naples, heads a conspiracy to murder the king and seize
+the crown; his great stumbling-block is the marquis of Colonna, a
+high-minded nobleman, who cannot be corrupted. The sister of the
+marquis is Evadne (3 _syl_.), plighted to Vicentio. Ludovico's scheme
+is to get Colonna to murder Vicentio and the king, and then to debauch
+Evadne. With this in view, he persuades Vicentio that Evadne is the
+king's _fille d'amour_, and that she marries him merely as a flimsy
+cloak, but he adds "Never mind, it will make your fortune." The proud
+Neapolitan is disgusted, and flings off Evadne as a viper. Her brother
+is indignant, challenges the troth-plight lover to a duel, and
+Vicentio falls. Ludovico now irritates Colonna by talking of the
+king's amour, and induces him to invite the king to a banquet and then
+murder him. The king goes to the banquet, and Evadne shows him the
+statues of the Colonna family, and amongst them one of her own father,
+who at the battle of Milan had saved the king's life by his own. The
+king is struck with remorse, but at this moment Ludovico enters and
+the king conceals himself behind the statue. Colonna tells the traitor
+minister the deed is done, and Ludovico orders his instant arrest,
+gibes him as his dupe, and exclaims, "Now I am king indeed!" At this
+moment the king comes forward, releases Colonna, and orders Ludovico
+to be arrested. The traitor draws his sword, and Colonna kills him.
+Vicentio now enters, tells how his ear has been abused, and marries
+Evadne.
+
+EVAN DHU OF LOCHIEL, a Highland chief in the army of Montrose.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (time, Charles I.).
+
+EVAN DHU M'COMBICH, the foster-brother of M'Ivor.--Sir W. Scott,
+_Waverley_ (time, George II.).
+
+EVANDALE (_The Right Hon. W. Maxwell, lord_), in the royal army
+under the duke of Monmouth. He is a suitor of Edith Bellenden,
+the granddaughter of Lady Margaret Bellenden, of the Tower of
+Tillietudlem.--Sir W. Scott, _Old Mortality_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+EVAN'DER, the "good old king of Syracuse," dethroned by Dionysius the
+Younger. Evander had dethroned the elder Dionysius "and sent him for
+vile subsistence, a wandering sophist through the realms of Greece."
+He was the father of Euphrasia, and was kept in a dungeon on the top
+of a rock, where he would have been starved to death, if Euphrasia
+had not nourished him with "the milk designed for her own babe."
+When Syracuse was taken by Timoleon, Dionysius by accident came upon
+Evander, and would have killed him, but Euphrasia rushed forward and
+stabbed the tryant to the heart.--A. Murphy, _The Grecian Daughter_
+(1772). See ERRORS OF AUTHORS, "Dionysius."
+
+Mr. Bently, May 6, 1796, took leave of the stage in the character of
+"Evander."--W.C. Russell, _Representative Actors_, 426.
+
+EVANGELIC DOCTOR _(The)_, John Wycliffe, "the Morning Star of the
+Reformation" (1324-1384).
+
+EVANGELINE, the heroine and title of a tale in hexameter verse by
+Longfellow, in two parts. Evangeline was the daughter of Benedict
+Bellefontaine, the richest farmer of Acadia (now _Nova Scotia_).
+At the age of 17 she was legally betrothed by the notary-public to
+Gabriel, son of Basil the blacksmith, but next day all the colony was
+exiled by the order of George II., and their houses, cattle, and lands
+were confiscated. Gabriel and Evangeline were parted, and now began
+the troubles of her life. She wandered from place to place to find her
+betrothed. Basil had settled at Louisiana, but when Evangeline reached
+the place, Gabriel had just left; she then went to the prairies, to
+Michigan, and so on, but at every place she was just too late to
+meet him. At length, grown old in this hopeless search, she went to
+Philadelphia and became a sister of mercy. The plague broke out in the
+city, and as she visited the almshouse she saw an old man smitten down
+with the pestilence. It was Gabriel. He tried to whisper her name, but
+death closed his lips. He was buried, and Evangeline lies beside him
+in the grave.
+
+(Longfellow's _Evangeline_ (1849) has many points of close similitude
+with Campbell's tale of _Gertrude of Wyoming_, 1809).
+
+EVANS (_Sir Hugh_), a pedantic Welsh parson and schoolmaster of
+extraordinary simplicity and native shrewdness.--Shakespeare, _The
+Merry Wives of Windsor_ (1601).
+
+The reader may cry out with honest Sir Hugh Evans, "I like not when a
+'ooman has a great peard."--Macaulay.
+
+Henderson says: "I have seen John Edwin, in 'Sir Hugh Evans,' when
+preparing for the duel, keep the house in an ecstasy of merriment for
+many minutes together without speaking a word" (1750-1790).
+
+_Evans_ (_William_), the giant porter of Charles I. He carried Sir
+Geoffrey Hudson about in his pocket. Evans was eight feet in height,
+and Hudson only eighteen inches. Fuller mentions this giant amongst
+his _Worthies_.--Sir W. Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles
+II.).
+
+EVAN'THE (3 _syl_.), sister of Sora'no, the wicked instrument of
+Frederick, duke of Naples, and the chaste wife of Valerio.
+
+The duke tried to seduce her, but failing in this scandalous attempt,
+offered to give her to any one for a month, at the end of which time
+the libertine was to suffer death. No one would accept the offer,
+and ultimately Evanthe was restored to her husband.--Beaumont and
+Fletcher, _A Wife for a Month_ (1624).
+
+EVE (_1 syl_), or Havah, the "mother of all living" (_Gen_. iii. 20).
+Before the expulsion from paradise her name was Ishah, because she was
+taken out of _ish, i.e._ "man" (_Gen_. ii. 23).
+
+Eve was of such gigantic stature that when she laid her head on one
+hill near Mecca, her knees rested on two other hills in the
+plain, about two gun-shots asunder. Adam was as tall as a palm
+tree.--Moncony, _Voyage_, i. 372, etc.
+
+EV'ELI'NA (_4 syl_.), the heroine of a novel so called by Miss Burney
+(afterwards Mme. D'Arblay). Evelina marries Lord Orville (1778).
+
+EVELYN (_Alfred_), the secretary and relative of Sir John Vesey. He
+made Sir John's speeches, wrote his pamphlets, got together his facts,
+mended his pens, and received no salary. Evelyn loved Clara Douglas,
+a dependent of Lady Franklin, but she was poor also, and declined to
+marry him. Scarcely had she refused him, when he was left an immense
+fortune and proposed to Georgina Vesey. What little heart Georgina had
+was given to Sir Frederick Blount, but the great fortune of Evelyn
+made her waver; however, being told that Evelyn's property was
+insecure, she married Frederick, and left Evelyn free to marry
+Clara.--Lord E. Bulwer Lytton, _Money_ (1840).
+
+_Evelyn_ (_Sir George_) a man of fortune, family, and character, in
+love with Dorrillon, whom he marries.--Mrs. Inchbald, _Wives as
+they Were and Maids as they Are_ (1795).
+
+EVERARD (_Colonel Markham_), of the Commonwealth party.
+
+_Master Everard_, the colonel's father.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_
+(time, commonwealth).
+
+EV'ERETT (_Master_), a hired witness of the "Popish Plot."--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1598). The original
+play was altered by David Garrick. The persons to whom the title of
+the drama apply are: "Captain Bobadil," whose humor is bragging of
+his brave deeds and military courage--he is thrashed as a coward
+by Downright; "Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of his wife--he is
+befooled and cured by a trick played on him by Brain-worm; "Stephen,"
+whose humor is verdant stupidity--he is played on by every one;
+"Kno'well," whose humor is suspicion of his son Edward, which turns
+out to be all moonshine; "Dame Kitely," whose humor is jealousy of her
+husband, but she (like her husband) is cured by a trick devised by
+Brain worm. Every man in his humor is liable to be duped thereby, for
+his humor is the "Achilles' heel" of his character.
+
+EVERY MAN OUT OF HIS HUMOR, a comedy by Ben Jonson (1599).
+
+EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT, a comedy by Mrs. Inchbald (1794). By the
+fault of rigid pride, Lord Norland discarded his daughter, Lady
+Eleanor, because she married against his consent. By the fault of
+gallantry and defect of due courtesy to his wife, Sir Robert Ramble
+drove Lady Ramble into a divorce. By the fault of irresolution, "Shall
+I marry or shall I not!" Solus remained a miserable bachelor, pining
+for a wife and domestic joys. By the fault of deficient spirit and
+manliness, Mr. Placid was a hen-pecked husband. By the fault of
+marrying without the consent of his wife's friends, Mr. Irwin was
+reduced to poverty and even crime. Harmony healed these faults; Lord
+Norland received his daughter into favor; Sir Robert Ramble took back
+his wife; Solus married Miss Spinster; Mr. Placid assumed the rights
+of the head of the family; and Mr. Irwin, being accepted as the
+son-in-law of Lord Norland, was raised from indigence to domestic
+comfort.
+
+EVIOT, page to Sir John Ramorny (master of the horse to Prince Robert
+of Scotland).--Sir W. Scott, _Fair Maid of Perth_ (time, Henry IV.).
+
+EVIR-ALLEN, the white-armed daughter of Branno, an Irishman. "A
+thousand heroes sought the maid; she refused her love to a thousand.
+The sons of the sword were despised, for graceful in her eyes was
+Ossian." This Evir-Allen was the mother of Oscar, Fingal's grandson,
+but she was not alive when Fingal went to Ireland to assist Cormac
+against the invading Norsemen, which forms the subject of the poem
+called _Fingal_, in six books.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iv.
+
+EW'AIN _(Sir)_, son of King Vrience and Morgan le Fay (Arthur's
+half-sister).--Sir T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 72
+(1470).
+
+EWAN OF BRIGGLANDS, a horse soldier in the army of Montrose.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).
+
+EWART (_Nanty i.e._ Anthony), captain of the smuggler's brig. Sir W.
+Scott _Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).
+
+EXCAL'IBUR, King Arthur's famous swords. There seems to have been two
+of his swords so called. One was the sword sheathed in stone, which no
+one could draw thence, save he who was to be king of the land. Above
+200 knights tried to release it, but failed; Arthur alone could draw
+it with ease, and thus proved his right of succession (pt. i. 3). In
+ch. 7 this sword is called Excalibur, and is said to have been so
+bright "that it gave light like thirty torches." After his fight with
+Pellinore, the king said to Merlin he had no sword, and Merlin took
+him to a lake, and Arthur saw an arm "clothed in white samite, that
+held a fair sword in the hand." Presently the Lady of the Lake
+appeared, and Arthur begged that he might have the sword, and the lady
+told him to go and fetch it. When he came to it he took it, "and the
+arm and hand went under the water again." This is the sword generally
+called Excalibur. When about to die, King Arthur sent an attendant to
+cast the sword back again into the lake, and again the hand "clothed
+in white samite" appeared, caught it, and disappeared (ch. 23).--Sir
+T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 23 (1470).
+
+  King Arthur's sword, Excalibur,
+  Wrought by the lonely maiden of the lake;
+  Nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps,
+  Upon the hidden bases of the hills.
+
+Tennyson, _Morte d'Arthur_.
+
+_Excalibur's Sheath_. "Sir," said Merlin, "look that ye keep well the
+scabbard of Excalibur, for ye shall lose no blood as long as ye have
+the scabbard upon you, though ye have never so many wounds."--Sir T.
+Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 36 (1470).
+
+EXECUTIONER (_No_). When Francis, viscount d'Aspremont, governor
+of Bayonne, was commanded by Charles IX. of France to massacre the
+Huguenots, he replied, "Sire, there are many under my government
+devoted to your majesty, but not a single executioner."
+
+EXHAUSTED WORLDS ... Dr. Johnson, in the prologue spoken by Garrick at
+the opening of Drury Lane, in 1747, says of Shakespeare:
+
+  Each change of many-colored life he drew?
+  Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.
+
+EXTERMINATOR (_The_), Montbars, chief of a set of filibusters in the
+seventeenth century. He was a native of Languedoc, and conceived an
+intense hatred against the Spaniards on reading of their cruelties
+in the New World. Embarking at Havre, in 1667, Montbars attacked the
+Spaniards in the Antilles and in Honduras, took from them Vera Cruz
+and Carthagena, and slew them most mercilessly wherever he encountered
+them (1645-1707).
+
+EYE. _Terrible as the eye of Vathek_. One of the eyes of this caliph
+was so terrible in anger that those died who ventured to look thereon,
+and had he given way to his wrath, he would have depopulated his whole
+dominion.--W. Beckford, _Vathek_ (1784).
+
+EYED _(One-)_ people. The Arimaspians of Scythia were a one-eyed
+people.
+
+The Cyclops were giants with only one eye, and that in the middle of
+the forehead.
+
+Tartaro, in Basque legends, was a one-eyed giant. Sindbad the sailor,
+in his third voyage, was cast on an island inhabited by one-eyed
+giants.
+
+EYRE _(Jane)_, a governess, who stoutly copes with adverse
+circumstances, and ultimately marries a used-up man of fortune, in
+whom the germs of good feeling and sound sense were only exhausted,
+and not destroyed.--Charlotte Bronte, _Jane Eyre_ (1847).
+
+EZ'ZELIN _(Sir)_, the gentleman who recognizes Lara at the table of
+Lord Otho, and charges him with being Conrad the Corsair. A duel
+ensues, and Ezzelin is never heard of more. A serf used to say that
+he saw a huntsman one evening cast a dead body into the river which
+divided the lands of Otho and Lara, and that there was a star of
+knighthood on the breast of the corpse.--Byron, _Lara_ (1814).
+
+FAA _(Gabriel)_, nephew of Meg Merrilees. One of the huntsman at
+Liddesdale.--Sir W. Scott, _Guy Mannering_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAB'ILA, a king devoted to the chase. One day he encountered a wild
+boar, and commanded those who rode with him not to interfere, but
+the boar overthrew him and gored him to death.--_Chronica Antiqua de
+Espana_, 121.
+
+FA'BIUS _(The American)_, George Washington (1732-1799).
+
+_Fa'bius (The French)_, Anne, duc de Montmorency, grand-constable of
+France (1493-1567).
+
+FABRICIUS [_Fa.brish'.e.us_], an old Roman, like Cincinnatus and
+Curius Dentatus, a type of the rigid purity, frugality, and honesty
+of the "good old times." Pyrrhus used every effort to corrupt him by
+bribes, or to terrify him, but in vain. "Excellent Fabricius," cried
+the Greek, "one might hope to turn the sun from its course as soon as
+turn Fabricius from the path of duty."
+
+_Fabric'ius_, an author, whose composition was so obscure that
+Gil Blas could not comprehend the meaning of a single line of his
+writings. His poetry was verbose fustian, and his prose a maze of
+far-fetched expressions and perplexed phrases.
+
+FABRIT'IO, a merry soldier, the friend of Captain Jac'omo the
+woman-hater.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Captain_ (1613).
+
+FACE (1 _syl._), _alias_ "Jeremy," house-servant of Lovewit. During
+the absence of his master, Face leagues with Subtle (the alchemist)
+and Dol Common to turn a penny by alchemy, fortune-telling, and magic.
+Subtle (a beggar who knew something about alchemy) was discovered by
+Face near Pye Corner. Assuming the philosopher's garb and wand, he
+called himself "doctor;" Face, arrogating the title of "captain,"
+touted for dupes; while Dol Common kept the house, and aided the other
+two in their general scheme of deception. On the unexpected return of
+Lovewit, the whole thing blew up, but Face was forgiven, and continued
+in his place as house-servant.--Ben Jonson, _The Alchemist_ (1619).
+
+FACTO'TUM (_Johannes_), one employed to do all sorts of work for
+another; one in whom another confides for all the odds and ends of his
+household management or business.
+
+He is an absolute Johannes Factotum, at least in his own
+conceit.--Greene, _Groat's-worth of Wit_ (1692).
+
+FADDLE _(William)_, a "fellow made up of knavery and noise, with
+scandal for wit and impudence for raillery. He was so needy that the
+very devil might have bought him for a guinea." Sir Charles Raymond
+says to him:
+
+"Thy life is a disgrace to humanity. A foolish prodigality makes thee
+needy; need makes thee vicious; and both make thee contemptible. Thy
+wit is prostituted to slander and buffoonery; and thy judgment, if
+thou hast any, to meanness and villainy. Thy betters, that laugh with
+thee, laugh at thee; and all the varieties of thy life are but pitiful
+rewards and painful abuses."--Ed. Moore, _The Foundling_, iv. 2
+(1748).
+
+FA'DHA _(Ah)_, Mahomet's silver cuirass.
+
+FAD'LADEEN, the great nazir' or chamberlain of Aurungze'be's harem. He
+criticises the tales told to Lalla Rookh by a young poet on her way to
+Delhi, and great was his mortification to find that the poet was the
+young king his master.
+
+Fadladeen was a judge of everything, from the pencilling of a
+Circassian's eyelids to the deepest questions of science and
+literature; from the mixture of a conserve of rose leaves to the
+composition of an epic poem.--T. Moore, _Lalla Rookh_ (1817).
+
+FADLADIN'IDA, wife of King Chrononhotonthologos. While the king is
+alive she falls in love with the captive king of the Antip'odes, and
+at the death of the king, when two suitors arise, she says, "Well,
+gentlemen, to make matters easy, I'll take you both."--H. Cary,
+_Chrononhotonthologos_ (a burlesque).
+
+FAERY QUEEN, a metrical romance, in six books, of twelve cantos each,
+by Edmund Spenser _(incomplete)._
+
+Book I. THE RED CROSS KNIGHT, _the spirit of Christianity_, or the
+victory of holiness over sin (1590).
+
+II. THE LEGEND OF SIB GUYON, _the golden mean_ (1590).
+
+III. THE LEGEND or BRITOMARTIS, _chaste love._ Britomartis is Diana or
+Queen Elizabeth (1590).
+
+IV. CAMBEL AND TRIAMOND, _fidelity_ (1596).
+
+V. THE LEGEND OF SIR AR'TEGAL, _justice_' (1596).
+
+VI. THE LEGEND OF SIR CALIDORE, _courtesy_ (1596).
+
+[Illustration] Sometimes bk. vii., called. _Mutability_, is added; but
+only fragments of this book exist.
+
+FAFNIS, the dragon with which Sigurd fights.--_Sigurd the Horny_ (a
+German romance based on a Norse legend).
+
+FAG, the lying servant of Captain Absolute. He "wears his master's
+wit, as he does his lace, at second hand."--Sheridan, _The Rivals_
+(1775).
+
+FAGGOT _(Nicholas)_, clerk to Matthew Foxley, the magistrate who
+examined Darsie Latimer _(i. e_. Sir Arthur Darsie Redgauntlet) after
+he had been attacked by rioters.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+FAGGOTS AND FAGGOTS _(II y a fagots et fagots)_, all things of the
+same sort are not equal in quality. In Moliere's _Le Medecin Malgre
+Lui_, Sganarelle wants to show that his faggots are better than those
+of other persons, and cries out "Ay! but those faggots are not equal
+to mine."
+
+II est vrai, messieurs, que je suis le premier homme du monde pour
+faire des fagots ...
+
+Je n'y epargne aucune chose, et les fais d'une facon qu'il n'y a rien
+a dire ... Il y a fagots, et fagots.--Act i. 6 (1666).
+
+FAGIN, an old Jew, who employs a gang of thieves, chiefly boys. These
+boys he teaches to pick pockets and pilfer adroitly. Fagin assumes a
+most suave and fawning manner, but is malicious, grasping, and full of
+cruelty.--C. Dickens, _Oliver Twist_ (1837).
+
+FAINALL, cousin by marriage to Sir Wilful Witwould. He married a
+young, wealthy, and handsome widow, but the two were cat and dog to
+each other. The great aim of Fainall was to get into his possession
+the estates of his wife (settled on herself "in trust to Edward
+Mirabell"), but in this he failed. In outward semblance, Fainall was
+plausible enough, but he was a goodly apple rotten at the core, false
+to his friends, faithless to his wife, overreaching, and deceitful.
+
+_Mrs. Fainall_. Her first husband was Languish, son of Lady Wishford.
+Her second husband she both despised and detested.--W. Congreve, _The
+Way of the World_ (1700).
+
+FAINASO'LIS, daughter of Craca's king (_the Shetland Isles_). When
+Fingal was quite a young man, she fled to him for protection against
+Sora, but scarcely had he promised to take up her cause, when Sora
+landed, drew the bow, and she fell. Fingal said to Sora, "Unerring
+is thy hand, O Sora, but feeble was the foe." He then attacked the
+invader, and Sora fell.--Ossian, _Fingal_, iii.
+
+FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY, a line in a ballad written to the
+"Berkshire Lady," a Miss Frances Kendrick, daughter of Sir William
+Kendrick, second baronet. Sir William's father was created baronet by
+Charles II. The wooer was a Mr. Child, son of a brewer at Abingdon, to
+whom the lady sent a challenge.
+
+  Having read this strange relation,
+  He was in a consternation;
+  But, advising with a friend,
+  He persuades him to attend:
+  "Be of courage and make ready,
+  Faint heart never won fair lady."
+
+_Quarterly Review_, cvi. 205-245.
+
+_Faint Heart never Won Fair Lady_, name of a _petit comedie_ brought
+out by Mde. Vestris at the Olympic. Mde. Vestris herself performed the
+part of the "fair lady."
+
+FAIR PENITENT (_The_) a tragedy by Rowe (1703). Calista was daughter
+of Lord Sciol'to (3 _syl_.), and bride of Lord Al'tamont. It was
+discovered on the wedding-day that she had been seduced by Lotha'rio.
+This led to a duel between the bridegroom and the libertine, in which
+Lothario was killed; a street riot ensued, in which Sciolto receives
+his death-wound; and Calista, "the fair penitent," stabbed herself.
+The drama is a mere _rechauffe_ of Massinger's _Fatal Dowry_.
+
+FAIRBROTHER (_Mr_.), counsel of Effie Deans at the trial.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAIRFAX (_Thomas, lord_), father of the duchess of Buckingham.--Sir W.
+Scott, _Peveril of the Peak_ (time, Charles II.).
+
+_Fairfax (Rutherford)._ Young man born of a line of brave men, who
+is conscious that early petting at home and a foreign education have
+developed physical cowardice. On his way home from England he falls
+into the hands of desperadoes who force him to fire a pistol at a
+bound man. The lad is almost fainting, and swoons with pain and horror
+when the deed is, as he thinks, done. His father believes him a
+coward, and the sense of this and a loving woman's trust in him,
+nerve him to deeds of endurance and valor that clear his record
+triumphantly.--Octave Thanet, _Expiation_ (1890).
+
+FAIRFIELD, the miller, and father of Patty "the maid of the mill." An
+honest, straightforward man, grateful and modest.--Bickerstaff, _The
+Maid of the Mill_ (1647).
+
+FAIRFORD (_Mr. Alexander_ or _Saunders_), a lawyer.
+
+_Allan Fairford_, a young barrister, son of Saunders, and a friend of
+Darsie Latimer. He marries Lilias Redgauntlet, sister of Sir Arthur
+Darsie Redgauntlet, called "Darsie Latimer."
+
+_Peter Fairford_, Allan's cousin.--Sir W. Scott, _Redgauntlet_ (time,
+George III.).
+
+FAIRLEIGH (_Frank_), the pseudonym of F.E. Smedley, editor of Sharpe's
+_London Magazine_ (1848, 1849). It was in this magazine that Smedley's
+two novels, _Frank Fairleigh_ and _Louis Arundel_ were first
+published.
+
+FAIRLIMB, sister of Bitelas, and daughter of Rukenaw the ape, in the
+beast-epic called _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
+
+FAIR MAID OF PERTH. Heroine of Scott's novel of same name.
+
+FAIR'SCRIEVE (2 _syl_.), clerk of Mr. James Middleburgh, a magistrate
+of Edinburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+FAIRSERVICE (_Mr._), a magistrate's clerk.--Sir W. Scott, _Heart of
+Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
+
+_Fairservice (Andrew)_, the humorous Scotch gardener of Sir Hildebrand
+Osbaldistone, of Osbaldistone Hall.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Boy_ (time,
+George I.).
+
+Overflowing with a humor as peculiar in its way as the humors of
+Andrew Fairservice.--_London Athenaeum_.
+
+FAIRSTAR _(Princess)_, daughter of Queen Blon'dina (who had at one
+birth two boys and a girl, all "with stars on their foreheads, and a
+chain of gold about their necks"). On the same day, Blondina's sister
+Brunetta (wife of the king's brother) had a son, afterwards called
+Cherry. The queen-mother, wishing to destroy these four children,
+ordered Fein'tisa to strangle them, but Feintisa sent them adrift in
+a boat, and told the queen-mother they were gone. It so happened that
+the boat was seen by a corsair, who brought the children to his wife
+Cor'sina to bring up. The corsair soon grew immensely rich, because
+every time the hair of these children was combed, jewels fell from
+their heads. When grown up, these castaways went to the land of their
+royal father and his brother, but Cherry was for a while employed in
+getting for Fairstar (1) _The dancing water_, which had the gift of
+imparting beauty; (2) _The singing apple_, which had the gift of
+imparting wit; and (3) _The green bird_, which could reveal all
+secrets. By this bird the story of their birth was made known, and
+Fairstar married her cousin Cherry.--Comtesse D'Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_
+("Princess Fair-star," 1682).
+
+[Illustration] This tale is borrowed from the fairy tales of
+Straparola, the Milanese (1550).
+
+FAITH _(Brown)_, wife of Goodman Brown. He sees her in his fantasy
+of the witches' revel in the forest, and calls to her to "look up to
+heaven."--Hawthorne, _Mosses from an Old Manse_ (1854).
+
+_Faith_ (_Derrick_). A beautiful, unsophisticated girl, whose
+accomplished tutor instructs her in belles lettres, natural
+philosophy, religion and love. He becomes a clergyman and she marries
+him.--Susan Warner, _Say and Seal_ (1860).
+
+_Faith Gartney_. A city girl whose parents remove to the country
+before she has an opportunity to enter society. She is partially
+betrothed to Paul Rushleigh, but under the influence of nature, and
+association with an older and nobler man, outgrows her early lover,
+and marries Roger Armstrong.--A.D.T. Whitney, _Faith Gartney's
+Girlhood_ (1863).
+
+FAITHFUL, a companion of Christian in his walk to the Celestial City.
+Both were seized at Vanity Fair, and Faithful, being burnt to death,
+was taken to heaven, in a chariot of fire.--Bunyan, _Pilgrim's
+Progress_, i. (1678).
+
+_Faithful_ (_Jacob_), the title and hero of a sea tale, by Captain
+Marryat (1835).
+
+_Faithful_ (_Father of the_), Abraham.--_Rom_. iv.; _Gal_. iii. 6-9.
+
+FAITHFUL SHEPHERDESS _(The)_, a pastoral drama by John Fletcher
+(1610). The "faithful shepherdess" is Clorin, whose lover was dead.
+Faithful to his memory, Clorin retired from the busy world, employing
+her time in works of humanity, such as healing the sick, exorcising
+the bewitched, and comforting the afflicted.
+
+(A part of Milton's _Comus_ is almost a verbal transcript of the
+pastoral.)
+
+FAKAR (_Dhu'l_), Mahomet's scimitar.
+
+FAKENHAM GHOST _(The)._ An old woman, walking to Fakenham, had to
+cross the churchyard after nightfall. She heard a short, quick step
+behind, and looking round saw what she fancied to be a four-footed
+monster. On she ran, faster and faster, and on came the pattering
+footfalls behind. She gained the churchyard gate and pushed it open,
+but, ah! "the monster" also passed through. Every moment she expected
+it would leap upon her back. She reached her cottage door and fainted.
+Out came her husband with a lantern, saw the "sprite," which was no
+other than the foal of a donkey, that had strayed into the park and
+followed the ancient dame to her cottage door.
+
+  And many a laugh went through the vale.
+  And some conviction, too;
+  Each thought some other goblin tale
+  Perhaps was just as true.
+
+R. Bloomfield, _The Fakenham Ghost_ (a fact).
+
+
+FALCON. Wm. Morris tells us that whoso watched a certain falcon for
+seven days and seven nights without sleeping, should have his first
+wish granted by a fay. A certain king accomplished the watching, and
+wished to have the fay's love. His wish was granted, but it proved his
+ruin.--_The Earthly Paradise_ ("July")
+
+FALCONER (Mr.), laird of Balmawhapple, friend of the old baron of
+Bradwardine.--Sir W. Scott, _Waverley_ time, George _Falconer_
+(_Major_), brother of Lady Bothwell.--Sir W. Scott, _Aunt Margaret's
+Mirror_ (time, William III.).
+
+_Falconer_ (_Edmund_), the _nom de plume_ of Edmund O'Rourke, author
+of _Extremes or Men of the day_ (a comedy, 1859).
+
+FALIE'RO (_Marino_), the doge of Venice, an old man who married a
+young wife named Angioli'na (3 _syl_.). At a banquet, Michel Steno, a
+young patrician, grossly insulted some of the ladies, and was, by
+the order of the doge, turned out of the house. In revenge, Steno
+placarded the doge's chair with some scurrilous verses upon the young
+dogaressa, and Faliero referred the matter to "the Forty." The council
+sentenced Steno to two months' imprisonment, and the doge deemed this
+punishment so inadequate to the offence, that he looked upon it as a
+personal insult, and headed a conspiracy to cut off, root and branch,
+the whole Venetian nobility. The project being discovered, Faliero was
+put to death (1355), at the age of 76, and his picture removed from
+the gallery of his brother doges.--Byron, _Marino Faliero._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction
+and the Drama, Vol 1, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D.
+
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