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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11387 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 273. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1827. PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+GASPARD MONGE'S MAUSOLEUM.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+Sir,--As one of your correspondents has favoured you with a drawing of
+the gaol I designed for the city and county of Norwich, with which you
+have embellished a recent number of the MIRROR, I flatter myself that an
+engraving from the drawing I herewith send you of the mausoleum of
+Gaspard Monge, which I drew while at Paris, in 1822, will also be
+interesting to the readers of your valuable little miscellany. Gaspard
+Monge, whose remains are deposited in the burying ground in Pere la
+Chaise, at Paris, in a magnificent mausoleum, was professor of geometry
+in the Polytechnique School at Paris, and with Denon accompanied
+Napoleon Bonaparte on his memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make
+drawings of the architectural antiquities and sculpture, and the other
+the geographical delineations of that ancient country. He returned to
+Paris, where he assisted Denon in the publication of his antiquities. At
+his decease the pupils of the Polytechnique School erected this
+mausoleum to his memory, as a testimony of their esteem, after a design
+made by his friend, Monsieur Denon. The mausoleum is of Egyptian
+architecture, with which Denon had become familiarly acquainted.
+
+There is a bust of Monge placed on a terminal pedestal underneath a
+canopy in the upper compartment, which canopy is open in front and in
+the back. In the crown cavetto of the cornice is an Egyptian winged
+globe, entwined with serpents, emblematical of time and eternity; and on
+the faci below is engraved the following line:--
+
+    A. GASPARD MONGE.
+
+On each side of the upper compartment is inscribed the following
+_memento mori_:
+
+    LES ELEVES
+    DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE.
+    A.G. MONGE.
+    COMTE DE PELUSE.
+
+Underneath this inscription is carved in sunk work an Egyptian lotus
+flower in an upright position; on the back of the mausoleum is the date
+of the year in which Gaspard Monge died. The body is in the cemetery
+below.
+
+    AN. MDCCCXX.
+
+Monge was a man of considerable merit as a geometrician, and, while
+living, stood preeminent above his contemporaries in the French school
+of that day. He is the author of several works, but his most popular one
+is entitled "Gèomètrie Descriptive. par G. Monge, de l'Institut des
+Sciences, Lettres et Arts, de l'Ecole Polytechnique; Membre du Sénat
+Conservateur, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honeur et Cointe de
+l'Empire."
+
+The programme to this work is interesting, as it urges the necessity of
+making geometry a branch of the national education, and points out the
+beneficial results that would arise therefrom. The following is the
+translation:--
+
+To draw the French nation from the dependence, which, even in the
+present day it is obliged to place in foreign industry, it is necessary
+first to direct the national education towards the knowledge of those
+objects which require a correctness which hitherto has been totally
+neglected; to accustom the hands of our artists to the management of the
+various instruments that are necessary to measure the different degrees
+of work, and to execute them with precision; then the finisher becomes
+sensible of the accuracy it will require in the different works, and he
+will be enabled to set the necessary value on it. For our artists to
+become, from their youth, familiar with geometry, and to be in a
+condition to attain it, it is necessary in the second place to render
+popular the knowledge of a great number of natural phenomena that are
+indispensable to the progress of industry; they will then profit for the
+advancement of the general instruction of the nation, which by a
+fortunate circumstance it has at its disposal, the principal resources
+that are necessary for it. Lastly, it is requisite to extend among our
+artists the knowledge of the advancement of the arts and that of
+machines, whose object is either to diminish manual labour or to give to
+the result of labour more uniformity and precision; and on those heads
+it must be confessed we have much to draw from foreign nations.[1] All
+these views can only be accomplished by giving a new turn to national
+education.
+
+    [1] Monsieur Monge has drawn much from our countryman,
+    Hamilton's work on Stereography but he has not mentioned his
+    work.
+
+This is to be done, in the first place, by making all intelligent young
+men (who are born with a fortune) familiar with the use of descriptive
+geometry, so that they may be able to employ their capital more
+profitably both for themselves and the nation, and also for those who
+have no other fortune than their education, so that their labour will
+bring them the greater reward. This art has two principal objects, the
+first to represent with exactness, from drawings which have only two
+dimensions, objects which have three, and which are susceptible of a
+strict definition; under this point of view it is a language necessary
+to the man of genius when he conceives a project, and to those who are
+to have the direction of it; and lastly, to the artists who are
+themselves to execute the different parts.
+
+The second object of descriptive geometry, is to deduce from the exact
+description of bodies all that necessarily follows of their forms and
+their respective positions; in this sense it is a means of seeking
+truth, as it offers perpetual examples of the passage from what is known
+to what is unknown, and as it is always applied to objects susceptible
+of the minutest evidence, it is necessary that it should form part of
+the plan of a national education. It is not only fit to exercise the
+intellectual faculties of a great people, and to contribute thereby to
+the perfection of mankind, but it is also indispensable to all workmen,
+whose end is to give to certain bodies determined forms, and it is
+principally owing to the methods of this art having been too little
+extended, or in fact almost entirely neglected, that the progress of our
+industry has been so slow. We shall contribute then to give an
+advantageous direction to national education, by making our young artist
+familiar with the application of descriptive geometry, to the graphic
+constructions which are necessary in the greater number of the arts, and
+in making use of this geometry in the representation and determination
+of the elements of machinery, by means of which, man by the aid of the
+forces of nature, reserves for himself, in a manner, in his operations
+no other labour than that of his intellects. It is no less advantageous
+to extend the knowledge of those phenomena of nature which may be turned
+to the profit of the arts. The charm which accompanies them will
+overcome the repugnance that men have in general for manual operations,
+(which most regard as painful and laborious,) as it will make them find
+pleasure in the exercise of their intellect; thus there ought to be in
+the formal school a course of descriptive geometry.
+
+As yet we have no well compiled elementary work on that art, because
+till this time learned men have taken too little interest in it, or it
+has only been practised in an obscure manner by persons whose education
+had not been sufficiently extended, and were unable to communicate the
+result of their lucubrations. A course simply oral would be absolutely
+without effect. It is necessary then, for the course of descriptive
+geometry, that practice and execution be joined to the hearing of
+methods; thus pupils will be exercised in graphic construction of
+descriptive geometry. The graphic arts have general methods with which
+we can only become familiar by the use of the rule and compass. Among
+the different applications that may be made of descriptive geometry,
+there are _two_ which are remarkable, both for their universality and
+their ingenuity; these are the constructions of _perspective_ and the
+strict determination of the _shadows_. These two parts may finally be
+considered as the completion of the art of describing objects.
+
+R. BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+AN IDLER'S ALBUM; OR, SKETCHES OF MEN AND THINGS.
+
+
+THE RADIANT BOY.
+
+
+It is now more than twenty years since the late Lord Londonderry was,
+for the first time, on a visit to a gentleman in the north of Ireland.
+The mansion was such a one as spectres are fabled to inhabit. It was
+associated with many recollections of historic times, and the sombre
+character of its architecture, and the wildness of its surrounding
+scenery, were calculated to impress the soul with that tone of
+melancholy and elevation, which,--if it be not considered as a
+predisposition to welcome the visitation of those unearthly substances
+that are impalpable to our sight in moments of less hallowed
+sentiment,--is indisputably the state of mind in which the imagination
+is most readily excited, and the understanding most favourably inclined
+to grant a credulous reception to its visions. The apartment also which
+was appropriated to Lord Londonderry, was calculated to foster such a
+tone of feeling. From its antique appointments; from the dark and
+richly-carved panels of its wainscot; from its yawning width and height
+of chimney--looking like the open entrance to a tomb, of which the
+surrounding ornaments appeared to form the sculptures and the
+entablature;--from the portraits of grim men and severe-eyed women,
+arrayed in orderly procession along the walls, and scowling a
+contemptuous enmity against the degenerate invader of their gloomy
+bowers and venerable halls; from the vast, dusky, ponderous, and
+complicated draperies that concealed the windows, and hung with the
+gloomy grandeur of funereal trappings about the hearse-like piece of
+furniture that was destined for his bed,--Lord L., on entering his
+apartment, might be conscious of some mental depression, and surrounded
+by such a world of melancholy images, might, perhaps, feel himself more
+than usually inclined to submit to the influences of superstition. It is
+not possible that these sentiments should have been allied to any
+feelings of apprehension. Fear is acknowledged to be a most mighty
+master over the visions of the imagination. It can "call spirits from
+the vasty deep"--and they do come, when it does call for them. It
+trembles at the anticipation of approaching evil, and then encounters in
+every passing shadow the substance of the dream it trembled at. But such
+could not have been the origin of the form which addressed itself to the
+view of Lord Londonderry. Fear is a quality that was never known to
+mingle in the character of a Stewart. Lord Londonderry examined his
+chamber--he made himself acquainted with the forms and faces of the
+ancient possessors of the mansion, who sat up right in their ebony
+frames to receive his salutation; and then, after dismissing his valet,
+he retired to bed. His candles had not been long extinguished, when he
+perceived a light gleaming on the draperies of the lofty canopy over his
+head. Conscious that there was no fire in the grate--that the curtains
+were closed--that the chamber had been in perfect darkness but a few
+moments before, he supposed that some intruder must have accidentally
+entered his apartment; and, turning hastily round to the side from which
+the light proceeded--saw--to his infinite astonishment--not the form of
+any human visiter--but the figure of a fair boy, who seemed to be
+garmented in rays of mild and tempered glory, which beamed palely from
+his slender form, like the faint light of the declining moon, and
+rendered the objects which were nearest to him dimly and indistinctly
+visible. The spirit stood at some short distance from the side of the
+bed. Certain that his own faculties were not deceiving him, but
+suspecting that he might be imposed upon by the ingenuity of some of the
+numerous guests who were then visiting in the same house, Lord
+Londonderry proceeded towards the figure. It retreated before him. As he
+slowly advanced, the form, with equal paces, slowly retired. It entered
+the vast arch of the capacious chimney, and then sunk into the earth.
+Lord L. returned to his bed; but not to rest. His mind was harassed by
+the consideration of the extraordinary event which had occurred to him.
+Was it real?--was it the work of imagination?--was it the result of
+imposture?--It was all incomprehensible. He resolved in the morning not
+to mention the appearance till he should have well observed the manners
+and the countenances of the family: he was conscious that, if any
+deception had been practised, its authors would be too delighted with
+their success to conceal the vanity of their triumph. When the guests
+assembled at the breakfast-table, the eye of Lord Londonderry searched
+in vain for those latent smiles--those cunning looks--that silent
+communication between the parties--by which the authors and abettors of
+such domestic conspiracies are generally betrayed. Every thing
+apparently proceeded in its ordinary course. The conversation flowed
+rapidly along from the subjects afforded at the moment, without any of
+the constraint which marks a party intent upon some secret and more
+interesting argument, and endeavouring to afford an opportunity for its
+introduction. At last the hero of the tale found himself compelled to
+mention the occurrences of the night. It was most extraordinary--he
+feared that he should not be credited: and then, after all due
+preparation, the story was related. Those among his auditors who, like
+himself, were strangers and visiters in the house, were certain that
+some delusion must have been practised. The family alone seemed
+perfectly composed and calm. At last, the gentleman whom Lord
+Londonderry was visiting, interrupted their various surmises on the
+subject by saying:--"The circumstance which you have just recounted must
+naturally appear most extraordinary to those who have not long been
+inmates of my dwelling, and are not conversant with the legends
+connected with my family; to those who are, the event which has happened
+will only serve as the corroboration of an old tradition that long has
+been related of the apartment in which you slept. You have seen _the
+Radiant Boy_; and it is an omen of prosperous fortunes;--I would rather
+that this subject should no more be mentioned."
+
+The above adventure is one very commonly reported of the late Marquis of
+Londonderry; and is given on the authority of a gentleman, to whom that
+nobleman himself related it.--_The Album_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CROSS ROADS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Methought upon a mountain's brow
+    Stood Glory, gazing round him;
+  And in the silent vale below
+    Lay Love, where Fancy found him;
+  While distant o'er the yellow plain
+  Glittering Wealth held wide domain.
+
+  Glory was robed in light; and trod
+    A brilliant track before him,
+  He gazed with ardour, like a god,
+    And grasp'd at heaven o'er him;
+  The meteor's flash his beaming eye,
+  The trumpet's shriek his melody.
+
+  But Love was robed in roses sweet,
+    And zephyrs murmur'd nigh him,
+  Flowers were blooming at his feet,
+    And birds were warbling by him:
+  His eyes soft radiance seem'd to wear,
+  For tears and smiles were blended there.
+
+  Gay Wealth a gorgeous train display'd.
+    (And Fancy soon espied him,)
+  Supine, in splendid garb array'd,
+    With Luxury beside him;
+  He dwelt beneath a lofty dome,
+  Which Pride and Pleasure made their home.
+
+  Well; seeking Happiness, I sped,
+    And, as Hope hover'd o'er me,
+  I ask'd which way the nymph had fled,
+    For _four roads_ met before me--
+  Whether she'd climb'd the height above,
+  Or bask'd with Wealth, or slept with Love?
+
+  I paus'd--for in the lonely path,
+    'Neath gloomy willows weeping,
+  Wrapt in his shroud of sullen wrath,
+    The _Suicide_ was sleeping,
+  A scathed yew-tree's wither'd limb,
+  To mark the spot, frown'd o'er him.
+
+  I wept--to think my fellow-man,
+    (To madness often driven,)
+  Pursue false Glory's phantoms, then
+    Lose happiness and heaven:
+  I wept--for oh! it seem'd to be
+  A mournful moral meant for me!
+
+  But lo! an aged traveller came,
+    By Wisdom sent to guide me,
+  Experience was the pilgrim's name,
+    And thus he seem'd to chide me--
+  "Fool! Happiness is gone the road
+  That leads to Virtue's calm abode!"
+
+JESSE HAMMOND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MY COMMON-PLACE BOOK.
+
+NO. XXI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORDEALS.
+
+
+Four kinds of ordeals were chiefly used by our German ancestors:--1.
+"The Kamp fight," or combat; during which the spectators were to be
+silent and quiet, on pain of losing an arm or leg; an executioner with a
+sharp axe. 2. "The fire ordeal," in which the accused might clear his
+innocence by holding _red-hot_ iron in his hands, or by walking
+blind-fold amidst fiery ploughshares. 3. "The hot-water ordeal," much of
+the nature as the last. 4. "The cold-water ordeal:" this need not be
+explained, since it is looked on as supreme when a witch is in question.
+The cross ordeal was reserved for the clergy. These, if accused, might
+prove their innocence by swallowing two consecrated morsels taken from
+the altar after proper prayers. If these fragments stuck in the priest's
+throat he stood _ipse facto_--condemned; but we have no record of
+condemnation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEMS.
+
+
+Forgive not the man who gives you _bad_ wine more than once. It is more
+than an injury. Cut the acquaintance as you value your life.
+
+If you see half-a-dozen faults in a woman, you may rest assured she has
+a hundred virtues to counterbalance them. I love your faulty, and fear
+your _faultless women_. When you see what is termed a faultless woman,
+dread her as you would a beautiful snake. The power of completely
+concealing the defects that she must have, is of itself a serious vice.
+
+If you find no more books in a man's room, save some four or five,
+including the red-book and the general almanac, you may set down the
+individual as a man of genius, or an ass;--there is no medium.
+
+The eye is never to be mistaken. A person may discipline the muscles of
+the face and voice, but there is a something in the eye beyond the will,
+and we thus frequently find it giving the tongue the lie direct.
+
+I never knew a truly estimable man offer a finger, it is ever a sign of
+a cold heart; and he who is heartless is positively worthless, though he
+may be negatively harmless.
+
+Cut the acquaintance of any lady who signs a letter with "_yours
+obediently_."
+
+Always act in the presence of children with the utmost circumspection.
+They mark all you do, and most of them are more wise than you may
+imagine.
+
+Men of genius make the most ductile husbands. A fool has too much
+opinion of his own dear self, and too little of women's to be easily
+governed.
+
+A passion for sweetmeats, and a weak intellect, generally go together.
+
+I have known many fools to be gluttons, but never knew one that was an
+epicure.
+
+The affection of women is the most wonderful thing in the world; it
+tires not--faints not--dreads not--cools not. It is like the Naptha that
+nothing can extinguish but the trampling foot of death.
+
+There is a language in flowers, which is very eloquent--a philosophy
+that is instructive. Nature appears to have made them as emblems of
+women. The timid snow-drop, the modest violet, the languid primrose, the
+coy lily, the flaunting tulip, the smart marigold, the lowly blushing
+daisy, the proud foxglove, the deadly nightshade, the sleepy poppy, and
+the sweet solitary eglantine, are all types.
+
+W.C. B---- M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are a set of malicious, prating, prudent gossips, both male and
+female, who murder characters to kill time; and will rob a young fellow
+of his good name before he has years to know the value of
+it.--_Sheridan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XII.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BURMESE EXECUTION.
+
+
+The scene took place at Rangoon, and the sufferers were men of desperate
+characters, who merited death. At a short distance from the town, on the
+road known to the army by the name of the Forty-first Lines, is a small
+open space, which formerly was railed in: and here all criminals used to
+be executed. On this occasion several gibbets, about the height of a
+man, were erected, and a large crowd of Burmans assembled to feast their
+eyes on the sanguinary scene that was to follow.
+
+When the criminals arrived, they were tied within wooden frames, with
+extended arms and legs, and the head-executioner going round to each,
+marked with a piece of chalk, on the side of the men, in what direction
+his assistant (who stood behind him with a sharpened knife,) was to make
+the incision. On one man he described a circle on the side; another had
+a straight line marked down the centre of his stomach; a third was
+doomed to some other mode of death; and some were favoured by being
+decapitated. These preparations being completed, the assistant
+approached the man marked with a circle, and seizing a knife, plunged it
+up to the hilt in his side, then slowly and deliberately turning it
+round, he finished the circle! The poor wretch rolled his eyes in
+inexpressible agony, groaned, and soon after expired; thus depriving
+these human fiends of the satisfaction his prolonged torments would have
+afforded them. The rest suffered in the same manner; and, from the
+specimens I have seen of mangled corpses, I do not think this account
+overdrawn. Hanging is a punishment that seldom, if ever, takes place.
+
+The manner in which slighter punishments are made is peculiar to the
+Burmans, and, as nearly as I can make it out, according to our
+pronunciation, is called "toung." The delinquent is obliged to kneel
+down, and a man stands over him with a bent elbow and clenched fist. He
+first rapidly strikes him on the head with his elbow, and then slides it
+down until his knuckles repeat the blow, the elbow at the same time
+giving a violent smack on the shoulders. This is repeated until it
+becomes a very severe punishment, which may be carried to great
+excess.--_Two Years in Ava_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BILL OF FARE AT AN ANCIENT INSTALMENT.
+
+
+The following is a true copy of the original lodged in the Tower of
+London:[2]--
+
+George Nevil, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, at his instalment
+into his archbishopric of York, in the year 1470, made a feast for the
+nobility, gentry, and clergy, wherein he spent:
+
+     300 quartrs of wheat
+     300 ton of ale
+     104 ton of wine
+       1 pipe of spic'd w.
+      80 fat oxen
+       6 wild bulls
+     300 pigs
+    1004 wethers
+     300 hogs
+     300 calves
+    3000 geese
+    3000 capons
+     100 peacocks
+     200 cranes
+     200 kids
+    2000 chickens
+    4000 pidgeons
+    4000 rabitts
+     204 bitterns
+    4000 ducks
+     400 hernsies
+     200 pheasants
+     500 partridges
+    4000 woodcocks
+     400 plovers
+     100 carlews
+     100 quails
+    1000 eggets
+     200 rees
+    4000 bucks and does, and roebucks
+     155 hot venison pasties
+    1000 dishes of jellies
+    4000 cold venison past
+    2000 hot custards
+    4000 ditto cold
+     400 tarts
+     300 pikes
+     300 breams
+       8 seals
+       4 porpusses
+
+At this feast the Earl of Warwick was steward; the Earl of Bedford
+treasurer; the Lord Hastings comptroller, with many noble officers
+servitors.
+
+1000 cooks. 62 kitchiners. 515 scullions.
+
+    [2] _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxx.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SERGEANT'S WIFE.
+
+
+A drama, named as above, has been played with eminent success during the
+present season at the English Opera House. The plot is founded on the
+following horrible occurrence, which actually took place in Ireland in
+the year 1813, and which we extract from the columns of an Irish paper
+of the same date. The narrative is powerfully worked up in _The
+Nowlans_, in the second series of the _O'Hara Tales_, and Mr. Banim is
+the author both of the novel and the drama:--
+
+"The speech of George Smith, William Smith, and James Smith, who were
+lately executed at Longford for the murder of James Reilly, a pedlar,
+near Lanes-borough, has been published. It gives the following
+description of the inhuman crime for which they suffered:
+
+"The discovery of this murder, as decreed by the Almighty, was made by
+Margaret Armstrong, the wife of Sergeant Armstrong, of the 27th regiment
+of foot, on the recruiting service in Athlone. She was going to her
+husband, when she was overtaken by this dealing man. He asked her how
+far she was going--she answered to Athlone, to her husband, and said as
+it was getting late, and being scarce of money, she would make good her
+way that night. He then replied, 'my poor woman, let not that hurry you,
+I am going to Athlone myself, and there is a lodging at the next cross
+at which I mean to stop, be advised, and go no farther to-night, and I
+will pay your expenses.' When they came to the house, he asked for a bed
+for himself and another for the woman, and called for supper; when that
+was over, he paid the bill, and taking out his pocket-book, he counted
+150_l._ which he gave in charge to George Smith, and retired to bed; the
+woman likewise went to her's, the family sat up till twelve; after
+which, when the man was fast asleep and all was silent, we, (the three
+Smiths) went into the room where the man lay; we dragged him out of bed,
+and cut his throat from ear to ear; we saved his blood in a pewter dish,
+and put the body into a flaxseed barrel, among feathers, in which we
+covered it up. Take care, and do the same with the woman, _said our
+mother_. We accordingly went to her bedside, and saw her hands extended
+out of the bed; we held a candle to her eyes, but she did not stir
+during the whole time, as God was on her side; for had we supposed that
+she had seen the murder committed by us, she would have shared the same
+fate with the deceased man. Next morning when she arose, she asked was
+the man up? We made answer, that he was gone two hours before, left
+sixpence for her, and took her bundle with him. 'No matter,' said she,
+'for I will see him in Athlone.' When she went away, I (George Smith)
+dressed myself in my sister's clothes, and having crossed the fields,
+met her, I asked her how far she was going? She said to Athlone: I then
+asked her where she lodged? She told me at one Smith's, a very decent
+house, where she met very good entertainment. 'That house bears a bad
+name,' said I. 'I have not that to say of them,' said she, 'for they
+gave me good usage.' It was not long until we saw a sergeant and two
+recruits coming up the road; upon which she cried out, 'here is my
+husband coming to meet me; he knew I was coming to him.' I immediately
+turned off the road, and made back to the house. When she met her
+husband, she fainted; and on recovering, she told him of the murder, and
+how she escaped with her life. The husband went immediately and got
+guards, and had us taken prisoners; the house was searched, and the
+mangled body found in the barrel." The three monsters were, it is
+mentioned, ordered for execution from the dock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS.
+
+
+  Notings, selections,
+    Anecdote and joke:
+  Our recollections;
+    With gravities for graver folk.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BAR--THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.
+
+
+It must be admitted (talking of the late _Vice_) that he really was
+enough to annoy any sober staid master, by his frolics and gambols since
+he has been made a judge. I remember him a quiet good sort of man
+enough: with a bed-room and kitchen in the area of No. 11, New-square;
+and his dining-room above, serving also for consultations: and his
+going, now and then, only to have a game of whist and glass of negus at
+Serle's;--but, now, he is a perfect _Monsieur Tonson_ to all continental
+travellers. Never can you take up the police-book at the hotels, on the
+road to Italy, without _Sir John Leach_ staring you in the face. The
+other day at the _Cloche_ at Dijon (I will never go there again, and beg
+Sir John to do me the favour to withdraw his patronage also,--the _Parc_
+is worth twenty of it), yawning over my bottle of _Cote d'Or_, I
+inquired of the waiter who of my "land's language" had lately been
+there. "Vy, Sare, ve have de Milor Leash." "Lord Leash?"--"Oui,
+Monsieur;--mais, Fanchette, apportez le livre ici pour Monsieur--le
+voila."--"Ah, ha! Sir John Leach; I see."--"Ah qu'il est bon enfant!
+qu'il est gai!" exclaimed the _garcon_. "Ah! qu'il est aimable!" sighed
+Fanchette--Enter De Molin the banker's little bureau at Lausanne--(by
+the way, it is the favourite chamber of Gibbon the historian, and if you
+pay the house a visit from motives of curiosity respecting its former
+occupant, you will be happy to be allowed to remain and converse with
+the actual owner, for a more honourable, liberal, and better-informed
+man, does not exist)--there, I say, in the glass over the mantlepiece,
+will you see the card of _Sir John Leach_. Milan--Florence--the same. At
+Torlogna's the same. Then at Naples: go to San Carlos'; and if you get
+behind the scenes, ask for Braccini, the _poetá_ of the theatre, who has
+been long in England; "Cospetto di Bacco!" he will exclaim: "il degn
+uomo, quel Vice Cancelliere: il Cavaliere _Licci!_--Gran Dio! quale
+talento per la musica!-Cappari! egli ha guadagnato i cuori di tutte le
+donne Napolitane."[3] I certainly expect to hear him some day astonish
+the bar, by unwittingly striking up "O Pescator delle onde," or "Sul
+margine del Rio," in the Rolls Court; and, as in ancient Greece ('tis
+said) pleadings were chanted, let us yet hope to hear an argument
+preferred to the tune of "They are a' noddin, noddin, noddin;" an answer
+stated _andante_; a reply given in a _bravura_, and judgment pronounced
+_presto_. With all his faults (if they be such, which I do not admit),
+the present Master of the Rolls is a good judge, and an able man;--"un
+peu vif, peut-etre," as Fanchette might say; and it is more agreeable
+than otherwise, to see one who has devoted his life to the study of the
+law, enjoying himself in lighter pursuits, after having attained rank
+and dignity in the profession; and after having punctually and
+satisfactorily executed the important duties of the day, seeking at its
+close, and participating in the gaiety which society offers. It speaks a
+good heart and cheerful temper; whereas, when we hear a distaste
+declared for music, and that of the highest character, we cannot but
+call to mind "He who has not the concord of sweet sounds" within
+himself;--but I will not pursue the quotation. Besides, were there
+persons fools enough to blame Sir John for his social propensities, he
+might answer them as the Parisian coachman did.--"What was that?"--"Why,
+a French Jehu was tried in 1818, for some accident caused by his
+cabriolet, before the Criminal Court of Paris; when, having heard the
+evidence, the President of the Tribunal declared that he stood
+acquitted, but that the court felt it its duty to blame him, and that he
+was blamed accordingly." "Blamed!" exclaimed Jehu; "Blamed!--I don't
+quite understand your Honor;--but--but--will it prevent my handling the
+ribands, and driving the _wehicle_?"--"No!" said the judge. "Then, with
+all respect for your Honor, I just laugh at it," said coachee, bowing.
+"And so do I," said the president also, in rising to leave the
+court.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+    [3] By Bacchus! what a worthy man is the Vice Chancellor, the
+    Chevalier Leach! gods! what a taste for music; i' faith he has
+    gained the hearts of all the Neapolitan ladies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL.
+
+
+These _Cartoons_ were executed by the famous Raphael, while engaged in
+the chambers of the Vatican, under the auspices of Pope Julius II. and
+Leo X. As soon as they were finished, they were sent to Flanders to be
+copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontifical apartments; but the
+tapestries were not conveyed to Rome till after the decease of Raphael,
+and probably not before the dreadful sack of that city in 1527, under
+the pontificate of Clement VII; when Raphael's scholars having fled from
+thence, none were left to inquire after the original Cartoons, which lay
+neglected in the storerooms of the manufactory, the money for the
+tapestry having never been paid. The revolution that happened soon after
+in the low countries prevented their being noticed during a period in
+which works of art were wholly neglected. They were purchased by king
+Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens, but had been much injured by
+the weavers. At the sale of the royal pictures in 1653, these Cartoons
+were purchased for 300_l_. by Oliver Cromwell, against whom no one would
+presume to bid. The protector pawned them to the Dutch court for upwards
+of 50,000_l._, and, after the revolution, King William brought them over
+again to England, and built a gallery for their reception in Hampton
+Court. Originally there were twelve of these Cartoons, but four of them
+have been destroyed by damps and neglect. The subjects were the
+adoration of the Magi, the conversion of St. Paul, the martyrdom of St.
+Stephen and St. Paul before Felix and Agrippa. Two of these were in the
+possession of the King of Sardinia, and two of Louis XIV. of France, who
+is said to have offered 100,000 louis d'ors for the seven, which are
+justly represented as "the glory of England, and the envy of all other
+polite nations." The twelfth, the subject of which was the murder of the
+innocents, belonged to a private gentleman in England, who pledged it
+for a sum of money; but when the person who had taken this valuable
+deposit found it was to be redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing; for
+which the gentleman brought an action against him. A third part of it is
+still remaining in the possession of William Hoare, R.A., at Bath.
+
+_Cartoon_ is derived from the Italian _cartone_, a painting or drawing
+upon large paper. Raphael died on the same day of the year on which he
+was born, Good Friday, in 1520, at the age of thirty-seven, deeply
+lamented by all who knew his value. His body lay for awhile in state in
+one of the rooms wherein he had displayed the powers of his mind, and he
+was honoured with a public funeral; his last produce, the
+_transfiguration_, being carried before him in the procession. The
+unrelenting hand of death (says his biographer) set a period to his
+labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talents,
+when he had only attained an age at which most other men are but
+beginning to be useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear
+him stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his
+lips."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. WRITTEN ON VISITING WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+
+  My murder'd queen, as on thine image once
+  The gaze alike of prince and peasant rested--
+  As if, unsated of thy thrilling glance,
+  They never until then of beauty tasted:
+  So I, by lonely contemplation led
+  To muse awhile amid the silent dead--
+  Turn me from all around I hear or see--
+  From all of Shakspeare and of great to thee:
+  And think on all thy wrongs--on all the shame
+  That dims for ever thine oppressor's name;
+  On all thy faults, nor few nor far between,
+  But then thou wert--a woman and a queen.
+  Proud titles, even in a barb'rous age,
+  To stem th' impetuous tide of party rage;
+  While as I gaze each well-known feature seems
+  To stir with life, and realise my dreams
+  That paint thee seated on the Scottish throne,
+  With all the blaze of beauty round thee thrown;
+  Then see thee passing from thy dungeon cell,
+  And hear thy parting sigh--thy last farewell.
+
+_Stray Leaves._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANCIENT GRECIAN SEPULCHRE
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A beautiful illustration of an ancient Grecian sepulchre or funeral
+chamber, heads the second chapter of Mr. Britton's "Union of
+Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting," from which work we have copied
+the annexed engraved view. The interior of the chamber exhibits a
+skeleton and the urns containing the ashes of the dead. The combat leads
+us to the conclusion, that the tomb contains the remains of a chief; for
+it was the barbarous custom of the Greeks to sacrifice captives at the
+tombs of their heroes.
+
+Of the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Greeks and other nations, we
+subjoin the following:--
+
+The most simple and natural kind of funeral monuments, and therefore the
+most ancient and universal, consist in a mound of earth, or a heap of
+stones, raised over the ashes of the departed: of such monuments mention
+is made in the Book of Joshua, and in Homer and Virgil. Many of them
+still occur in various parts of this kingdom, especially in those
+elevated and sequestered situations where they have neither been defaced
+by agriculture nor inundation.
+
+The ancients are said to have buried their dead in their own houses,
+whence, according to some, the original of that species of idolatry
+consisting in the worship of household gods.
+
+The place of burial amongst the Jews was never particularly determined.
+We find that they had burial-places upon the highways, in gardens, and
+upon mountains. We read, that Abraham was buried with Sarah, his wife,
+in the cave of Macphelah, in the field of Ephron, and Uzziah, King of
+Judah, slept with his fathers in the field of the burial which pertained
+to the kings.
+
+The primitive Greeks were buried in places prepared for that purpose in
+their own houses; but in after ages they adopted the judicious practice
+of establishing the burial grounds in desert islands, and outside the
+walls of towns, by that means securing them from profanation, and
+themselves from the liability of catching infection from those who had
+died of contagious disorders.
+
+The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from a sacred
+and civil consideration, that the priests might not be contaminated by
+touching a dead body, and that houses might not be endangered by the
+frequency of funeral fires.
+
+The custom of burning the dead had its foundation laid deep in nature:
+an anxious fondness to preserve the great and good, the dear friend and
+the near relative, was the sole motive that prevailed in the institution
+of this solemnity. "That seems to me," says Cicero, "to have been the
+most ancient kind of burial, which, according to Xenophon, was used by
+Cyrus. For the body is returned to the earth, and so placed as to be
+covered with the veil of its mother." Pliny also agrees with Cicero upon
+this point, and says the custom of burial preceded that of burning among
+the Romans. According to Monfauçon, the custom of burning entirely
+ceased at Rome about the time of Theodorius the younger. When cremation
+ceased on the introduction of Christianity, the believing Romans,
+together with the Romanized and converted Britons, would necessarily, as
+it is observed by Mr. Grough, "betake themselves to the use of
+sarcophagi (or coffins,) and probably of various kinds, stone, marble,
+lead," &c. They would likewise now first place the body in a position
+due east and west, and thus bestow an unequivocal mark of distinction
+between the funeral deposit of the earliest Roman inhabitants of this
+island, and their Christian successors. The usual places of interment
+were in fields or gardens,[4] near the highway, to be conspicuous, and
+to remind the passengers how transient everything is, that wears the
+garb of mortality. By this means, also, they saved the best part of
+their land:
+
+  --Experiar quid concedatur in illos
+  Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.
+                _Juv. Sat I._
+
+The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their lifetime.
+Hence these words frequently occur in ancient inscriptions, V.F. Vivus
+Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs of the rich were usually
+constructed of marble, the ground enclosed with walls, and planted round
+with trees. But common sepulchres were usually built below ground, and
+called hypogea. There were niches cut out of the walls, in which the
+urns were placed: these, from their resemblance to the niche of a
+pigeon-house, were called columbaria.
+
+    [4] Our blessed Saviour chose the garden sometime for his
+    oratory, and, dying, for the place of his sepulture; and we also
+    do avouch, for many weighty causes, that there are none more fit
+    to bury our dead in than in our gardens and groves where our
+    beds may he decked with verdant and fragrant flowers. Trees and
+    perennial plants, the most natural and instructive hieroglyphics
+    of our expected resurrection and immortality, besides what they
+    might conduce to the meditation of the living, and the taking
+    off our cogitations from dwelling too intently upon more vain
+    and sensual objects: that custom of burying in churches, and
+    near about them, especially in great and populous cities, being
+    both a novel presumption, indecent, and very prejudicial to
+    health.--_Evelyn's Discourse on Forest Trees_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY.
+
+
+I am fond of travelling: yet I never undertake a journey without
+experiencing a vague feeling of melancholy. There is to me something
+strangely oppressive in the preliminaries of departure. The packing of a
+small valise; the settlement of accounts--justly pronounced by Rabelais
+a _blue-devilish_ process; the regulation of books and papers;--in
+short, the whole routine of valedictory arrangements, are to me as a
+nightmare on the waking spirit. They induce a mood of last wills and
+testaments--a sense of dislocation, which, next to a vacuum, Nature
+abhors--and create a species of moral decomposition, not unlike that
+effected on matter by chemical agency. It is not that I have to lament
+the disruption of social connexions or domestic ties. This, I am aware,
+is a trial sometimes borne with exemplary fortitude; and I was lately
+edified by the magnanimous unconcern with which a married friend of mine
+sang the last verse of "Home! sweet home!" as the chaise which was to
+convey him from the _burthen_ of his song drove up to the door. It does
+not become a bachelor to speculate on the mysteries of matrimonial
+philosophy; but the feeling of pain with which _I_ enter on the task of
+migration has no affinity with individual sympathies, or even with
+domiciliary attachments. My landlady is, without exception, the ugliest
+woman in London; and the locality of Elbow-lane cannot be supposed
+absolutely to spellbind the affection of one occupying, as I do,
+solitary chambers on the third floor.
+
+The case, it may be supposed, is much worse when it is my lot to take
+leave, after passing a few weeks at the house of a friend in the
+country;--a house, for instance, such as is to be met with only in
+England:--with about twenty acres of lawn, but no park; with a
+shrubbery, but no made-grounds; with well-furnished rooms, but no
+conservatory; and with a garden, in which dandy tulips and high-bred
+anemones do not disdain the fellowship of honest artichokes and laughing
+cauliflowers--no bad illustration of the republican union of comfort
+with elegance which reigns through the whole establishment. The master
+of the mansion, perhaps an old and valued schoolfellow:--his wife, a
+well-bred, accomplished, and still beautiful woman--cordial, without
+vulgarity--refined, without pretension--and informed, without a shade of
+blue! Their children!... But my reader will complete the picture, and
+imagine, better than I can describe, how one of my temperament must
+suffer at quitting such a scene. At six o'clock on the dreaded morning,
+the friendly old butler knocks at my room-door, to warn me that the mail
+will pass in half an hour at the end of the green lane. On descending to
+the parlour, I find that my old friend has, in spite of our over-night
+agreement and a slight touch of gout, come down to see me off. His
+amiable lady is pouring out for me a cup of tea--assuring me that she
+would be quite unhappy at allowing me to depart without that
+indispensable prelude to a journey. A gig waits at the door: my
+affectionate host will not permit me to walk even half a mile. The
+minutes pass unheeded; till, with a face of busy but cordial concern,
+the old butler reminds me that the mail is at hand. I bid a hasty and
+agitated farewell, and turn with loathing to the forced companionship of
+a public vehicle.
+
+My anti-leave-taking foible is certainly not so much affected when I
+quit the residence of an hotel--that public home--that wearisome
+resting-place--that epitome of the world--that compound of gregarious
+incompatibilities--that bazaar of character--that proper resort of
+semi-social egotism and unamalgable individualities--that troublous
+haven, where the vessel may ride and tack, half-sheltered, but finds no
+anchorage. Yet even the Lilliputian ligatures of such a sojourn
+imperceptibly twine round my lethargic habits, and bind me, Gulliver-
+like, a passive fixture. Once, in particular, I remember to have _stuck_
+at the Hôtel des Bons Enfants, in Paris--a place with nothing to
+recommend it to one of ordinary locomotive energies. But there I stuck.
+Business of importance called me to Bordeaux. I lingered for two months.
+At length, by one of those nervous efforts peculiar to weak resolutions,
+I made my arrangements, secured my emancipation, and found myself on the
+way to the starting-place of the Diligence. I well remember the day:
+'twas a rainy afternoon in spring. The aspect of the gayest city in the
+world was dreary and comfortless. The rain dripped perpendicularly from
+the eves of the houses, exemplifying the axiom, that lines are composed
+of a succession of points. At the corners of the streets it shot a
+curved torrent from the projecting spouts, flooding the channels, and
+drenching, with a sudden drum-like sound, the passing umbrellas, whose
+varied tints of pink, blue, and orange, like the draggled finery of
+feathers and flounces beneath them, only made the scene more glaringly
+desolate. Then came the rush and splatter of cabriolets, scattering
+terror and defilement. The well-mounted English dandy shows his sense by
+hoisting his parapluie; the French dragoon curls his mustachio at such
+effeminacy, and braves the liquid bullets in the genuine spirit of
+Marengo; the old French count picks his elastic steps with the placid
+and dignified philosophy of the _ancien régime_; while the Parisian
+dames, of all ranks, ages, and degrees, trip along, with one leg
+undraped, exactly in proportion to the shapeliness of its configuration.
+
+The huge clock of the Messagéries Royales told three as I entered the
+gateway. The wide court had an air of humid dreariness. On one side
+stood a dozen of those moving caravansaras, the national vehicles, with
+their leathern caps--like those of Danish sailors in a north-wester--
+hanging half off, soaked with wet. Opposite was the range of offices,
+busy with all the peculiar importance of French _bureaucracie._ Their
+clerks, decorated with ribbons and crosses, wield their pens with all
+the conscious dignity of secretaries of state; and "_book_" a bale or a
+parcel as though they were signing a treaty, or granting an amnesty. The
+meanest _employé_ seems to think himself invested with certain occult
+powers. His civility savours of government patronage; and his frown is
+inquisitorial. To his fellows, his address is abrupt and diplomatic. He
+seems to speak in cipher, and to gesticulate by some rule of
+freemasonry. But to the _uninitiated_ he is explanatory to a scruple, as
+though mischief might ensue from his being misapprehended. He makes sure
+of your understanding by an emphasis, which reminds one of the loudness
+of tone used towards a person supposed to be hard of hearing--a
+proceeding not very flattering where there happens to be neither dulness
+nor deafness in the case. In a word, the measured pedantry of his whole
+deportment betrays the happy conviction in which he rejoices of being
+conversant with matters little dreamt of in your philosophy. Among the
+bystanders, too, there are some who might, probably with more reason,
+boast their proficiency in mysterious lore--fellows of smooth aspect and
+polite demeanour, whom at first you imagine to have become casual
+spectators from mere lack of better pastime, but whose furtive glances
+and vagrant attention betray the familiars of the police--that complex
+and mighty engine of modern structure, which, far more surely than the
+"ear of Dionysius," conveys to the tympanum of power each echoed sigh
+and reverberated whisper. It is a chilling thing to feel one's budding
+confidence in a new acquaintance nipped by such frosty suspicions;
+yet--Heaven forgive me!--the bare idea has, before now, caused me to
+drop, unscented, the pinch of _carote_ which has been courteously
+tendered by some coffee-house companion. In the group before me, I
+fancied that I could distinguish some of this ungentle brotherhood; and
+my averted eye rested with comparative complacency even on a couple of
+_gens d'armes_, who were marching up and down before the door, and whose
+long swords and voluminous cocked hats never appeared to me less
+offensive.
+
+In the mean time, knots of travellers were congregating round the
+different vehicles about to depart. In the centre of each little band
+stood the main point of attraction--Monsieur le Conducteur--that
+important personage, whose prototype we look for in vain among the
+dignitaries of Lad-lane, or the Bull-and-Mouth, and whose very name can
+only be translated by borrowing one of Mr. M'Adam's titles--"the
+Colossus of _Roads_." With fur cap, official garb, and the excursive eye
+of a martinet, he inspects every detail of preparation--sees each
+passenger stowed _seriatim_ in his special place--then takes his
+position in front--gives the word to his jack-booted vice, whose
+responsive whip cracks assent--and away rolls the ponderous machine,
+with all the rumbling majesty of a three-decker from off the
+stocks.--_Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPIGRAM.
+
+
+THE RETORT MEDICAL.
+
+
+  Quoth Doctor Squill of Ponder's End,
+  "Of all the patients I attend,
+    Whate'er their aches or ails,
+  None ever will my fame attack."
+    "None ever can," retorted Jack:
+  "For dead men tell no tales"
+          _New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CIRCASSIAN WOMEN.
+
+
+We observed two women looking out of a balcony, and earnestly beckoning
+to us. We were the more surprised at their appearance, as we believed
+that the Mahometan women of the Caucasus, like those of Persia, were
+strictly confined to the interior of their houses, or that, at all
+events, they never went unveiled, a custom which we found was not
+general among the inhabitants of the Caucasus. We, however, entered the
+house, and saw in the court two Russian grenadiers, who, by a mistake of
+their corporal, had taken there quarters here, and whose presence was
+the cause of the inquietude manifested by the two ladies, who, with an
+old man, were the only inhabitants of the house. Whilst the soldiers
+were explaining these things to us, they appeared at the top of the
+stairs, and again renewed their invitation by violent gesticulations. On
+a nearer approach, we guessed by their age that they were mother and
+daughter. The former, who still preserved much of the freshness and
+beauty of youth, wore very tight trousers, a short tunic, and a veil,
+which fell in graceful folds on her back, while round her neck she had
+some valuable jewels, though badly mounted. With respect to the
+daughter, who was scarcely fifteen years of age, she was so
+extraordinarily beautiful, that both my companion and myself remained
+awhile motionless, and struck with admiration. Never in my life have I
+seen a more perfect form. Her dress consisted of a short white tunic,
+almost transparent, fastened only at the throat by a clasp. A veil,
+negligently thrown over one shoulder, permitted part of her beautiful
+ebony tresses to be seen. Her trousers were of an extremely fine tissue,
+and her socks of the most delicate workmanship. The old man received us
+in a room adjoining the staircase: he was seated on the carpet, smoking
+a small pipe, according to the custom of the inhabitants of the
+Caucasus, who cultivate tobacco. He made repeated signs to us to sit
+down, that is to say, in the Asiatic manner, a posture extremely
+inconvenient for those who, like ourselves, wore long and tight
+trousers, whilst the two beautiful women on their side earnestly
+seconded his request. We complied with it, though it was the first time
+that either of us had made the essay. The ladies, having left the room
+for a moment, returned with a salver of dried fruits, and a beverage
+made of sugar and milk; but I was so much engaged in admiring their
+personal attractions, that I paid but little attention to their
+presents. It appeared to me an inconceivable caprice of nature to have
+produced such prodigies of perfection amidst such a rude and barbarous
+people, who value their women less than their stirrups. My companion,
+who like myself was obliged to accept of their refreshments, remarked to
+me, whilst the old man was conversing with them, what celebrity a woman
+so transcendently beautiful as the daughter was would acquire in any of
+the capitals of Europe, had she but received the benefits of a suitable
+education.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUSTRALIAN IMPORTUNITY.
+
+
+As beggars, the whole world will not produce their match. They do not
+attempt to _coax_ you, but firmly rely on incessant importunity;
+following you, side by side, from street to street, as constant as your
+shadow, pealing in your ears the never ceasing sound of "Massa, gim me a
+dum! massa, gim me a dum!" (dump.) If you have the fortitude to resist
+_firmly_, on two or three assaults, you may enjoy ever after a life of
+immunity; but by once _complying_, you entail yourself a plague which
+you will not readily throw off, every gift only serving to embolden them
+in making subsequent demands, and with still greater perseverance.
+Neither are their wishes moderately gratified on this head--less than a
+dump (fifteen pence) seldom proving satisfactory. When walking out one
+morning, I accidentally met a young scion of our black tribes, on
+turning the corner of the house, who saluted me with "Good morning, sir,
+good morning;" to which I in like manner responded, and was proceeding
+onwards, when my dingy acquaintance arrested my attention by his loud
+vociferation of "Top, sir, I want to peak to you." "Well, what is it?"
+said I. "Why, you know I am your _servant_, and you have never paid me
+yet." "The devil you are!" responded I "it is the first time I knew of
+it, for I do not recollect ever seeing your face before." "Oh yes, I
+_am_ your servant," replied he, very resolutely; "don't I top about
+Massa ----'s, and boil the kettle sometimes for you in the morning?" I
+forthwith put my hand in my pocket, and gave him all the halfpence I
+had, which I left him carefully counting, and proceeded on my walk; but
+before advancing a quarter of a mile, my ears were again assailed with
+loud shouts of "Hallo! top, top!" I turned round, and observed my friend
+in "the dark suit" beckoning with his hand, and walking very leisurely
+toward me. Thinking he was despatched with some message, I halted, but
+as he walked on as slowly as if deeming I ought rather to go to him than
+he come to me, I forthwith returned to meet him; but on reaching close
+enough, what was my astonishment on his holding out the halfpence in his
+open hand, and addressing me in a loud, grumbling, demanding tone
+with--"Why this is not enough to buy a loaf! you must give me more."
+"Then buy _half_ a loaf," said I, wheeling about and resuming my walk,
+not without a good many hard epithets in return from my
+kettle-boiler.--_Cunningham's Two Years in New South Wales_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONFESSION OF THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I.
+
+
+There have been great disputes about the person who beheaded Charles I.
+Mr. Ellis says, "it seems most probable that the person who actually
+beheaded the king was the common executioner." And then adds the
+following valuable and interesting note, which seems to us to settle the
+question.
+
+"Among the tracts relating to the civil war, which were given to the
+British Museum by his late majesty King George III. in 1762, there are
+three upon this subject. One is entitled, 'The Confession of Richard
+Brandon the Hangman (upon his death-bed), concerning his beheading his
+late Majesty. Printed in the year of the hangman's downfall, 1649.' The
+second is entitled, 'The last Will and Testament of Richard Brandon,'
+printed in the same year. The third is, 'A Dialogue or Dispute between
+the late Hangman (the same person), and Death,' in verse, without date.
+All three are in quarto."
+
+The following are the most important paragraphs of the first tract:
+
+"The confession of the hangman concerning his beheading his late majesty
+the king of Great Britain (upon his death-bed) who was buried on
+Thursday last in Whitechapel church-yard, with the manner thereof:--
+
+"Upon Wednesday last (being the 20th of this instant, June 1649),
+Richard Brandon, the late executioner and hangman, who beheaded his late
+majesty, king of Great Britain, departed this life; but during the time
+of his sicknesse his conscience was much troubled, and exceedingly
+perplexed in mind, yet little shew of repentance for remission of his
+sins, and by past transgressions, which had so much power and influence
+upon him, that he seemed to live in them, and they in him. And on Sunday
+last, a young man of his acquaintance going to visit him, fell into
+discourse, asked him how he did, and whether he was not troubled in
+conscience for cutting off the king's head. He replyed, 'yes, by reason
+that (upon the time of his tryall, and at the denouncing of sentence
+against him,) he had taken a vow and protestation, wishing God to punish
+him body and soul, if ever he appeared on the scaffold to do the act, or
+lift up his hand against him.'
+
+"He likewise confessed that he had thirty pounds for his pains, all paid
+him in half-crowns, within an hour after the blow was given; and that he
+had an orange stuck full of cloves, and a handkircher out of the king's
+pocket, so soon as he was carried off from the scaffold, for which
+orange he was proffered twenty shillings by a gentleman in Whitehall,
+but refused the same, and afterwards sold it for ten shillings in
+Rosemary-lane. About six of the clock at night, he returned home to his
+wife living in Rosemary-lane, and gave her the money, saying, that it
+was the deerest money that ever he earned in his life, for it would cost
+him his life; which prophetical words were soon made manifest, for it
+appeared, that ever since he hath been in a most sad condition, and upon
+the Almightie's first scourging of him with the rod of sicknesse, and
+the friendly admonition of divers friends for the calling of him to
+repentance, yet he persisted on in his vicious vices, and would not
+hearken thereunto, but lay raging and swearing, and still pointing at
+one thing or another, which he conceived to be still visible before
+him."
+
+"About three days before he dy'd, he lay speechlesse, uttering many a
+sigh and heavy groan, and so in a most desperate manner departed from
+his bed of sorrow. For the buriall whereof great store of wines were
+sent in by the sheriff of the city of London, and a great multitude of
+people stood wayting to see his corpse carryed to the church-yard, some
+crying act, 'Hang him, rogue!' 'Bury him in the dunghill;' others
+pressing upon him, saying, they would quarter him for executing of the
+king: insomuch that the churchwardens and masters of the parish were
+fain to come for the suppressing of them, and (with great difficulty) he
+was at last carryed to White Chappell church-yard, having (as it is
+said) a bunch of rosemary at each end of the coffin, on the top thereof,
+with a rope tyed crosse from one end to the other.
+
+"And a merry conceited cook living at the sign of the Crown, having a
+black fan (worth the value of thirty shillings), took a resolution to
+rent the same in pieces, and to every feather tied a piece of
+pack-thread dyed in black ink, and gave them to divers persons, who (in
+derision) for a while wore them in their hats.
+
+"Thus have I given thee an exact account and perfect relation of the
+life and death of Richard Brandon, to the end that the world may be
+convinced of those calumnious speeches and erroneous suggestions which
+are dayly spit from the mouth of envy against divers persons of great
+worth and eminency, by casting an odium upon them for the executing of
+the king; it being now made manifest that the aforesaid executioner was
+the only man who gave the fatal blow, and his man that wayted upon him,
+was a ragman (of the name of Ralph Jones) living in
+Rosemary-lane."--_Ellis's Historical Inquiries._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE.
+
+
+The night was rather dark, and we had not seen the figure of our
+postilion, or even heard his voice; but we suspected, by the slowness of
+his movements, that he was some old crony of his master. On arriving
+towards the end of the relay, he began to blow a bugle with all his
+might, surprising us with a number of flourishes. Mr. Koch informed me
+that we were going to cross a small river, and that the blast with which
+we had been regaled was a warning for the bargeman. Our vehicle then
+stopped before the door of an inn, which stood on an elevated spot, and
+the postilion, alighting, asked Mr. Koch's permission to enter the inn
+to drink a glass of brandy, whilst the bargeman answered his sign. It
+was midnight, and we expected soon to cross the river; but after waiting
+a quarter of an hour for his return, and seeing that the fellow did not
+come out, I alighted, and proceeded towards a window, where a light was
+perceivable. As I looked through it, I saw what I certainly did not
+expect, but what convinced me that the flourishes of his bugle were
+addressed to a very different person from the bargeman. Our postilion
+was sitting near a table, with a huge flagon beside him, and a wench on
+his knee. Provoked beyond expression at this unseasonable courtship, I
+shook the window till it flew open, and, before my companion had time to
+alight and witness the scene, both the hero and the heroine came to the
+door of the inn, the latter holding a lantern in her hand, by which I
+observed she was an ugly kitchen wench of about eighteen, and he a young
+man of five-and-twenty. Displeased with my interruption, he muttered
+something at my impatience, and at the unseasonableness of my call, and
+again blew his bugle, though by no means so vigorously as he had before
+done; after which we gained the barge, and continued our way without
+farther interruption.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBARISM OF THE CAUCASIAN TRIBES.
+
+
+Opposite to our encampment, on the other side of the Alazann, and at a
+distance of eighteen or twenty wersts, is the city of Belohakan,
+situated at the foot of the Caucasus, and inhabited by the Eingalos, a
+people whom the Lesghis keep in the most horrible state of slavery, and
+who formerly belonged to Georgia; but who being too industrious, and
+attached to their native soil, would never abandon it, during the
+different revolutions which that country has undergone, and became
+subject to their present masters. That city carries on a great trade
+with Teflis, principally in bourkas, which are manufactured there; and
+as the traders pass through Karakhach, our colonel, who was the
+commandant of this district, and from whom they must obtain a passport
+for Georgia, was obliged to have near him an Eingalo, who understood the
+Russian language, and served as interpreter. This man had become so
+familiarized with the officers, that the colonel allowed him to sit at
+our table. One day we remarked that the interpreter was absent, a
+circumstance which seldom occurred; but, as we were finishing our
+dessert, he entered the dining-room in high spirits, bringing under his
+arm a bundle, carefully tied, which, he said, contained a fine water
+melon for our dessert. This fruit, in the middle of December, is
+considered a great delicacy, and we all expressed a wish that he should
+produce it, when he immediately untied the bundle, and, to our great
+Horror, we beheld the head of a Lesghi, whom he had killed in fight on
+the other side of the Alazann during a sporting expedition, roll on the
+table. Disgusted at this action, which among these barbarous
+mountaineers would pass as an excellent joke, we all rose from table,
+and retired to another apartment, whilst the Eingalo sat down to dinner,
+and, at every mouthful he took, amused himself with turning the head,
+which he kept close to his plate, first one way and then
+another.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MISCELLANIES
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RELIGIOUS FORTUNE TELLING.
+
+
+The _Sortes Sanctorum_, or _Sortes Sacrae_, of the Christians, has been
+illustrated in the _Classical Journal_.
+
+These, the writer observes, were a species of divination practised in
+the earlier ages of Christianity, and consisted in casually opening the
+Holy Scriptures, and from the words which first presented themselves
+deducing the future lot of the inquirer. They were evidently derived
+from the _Sortes Homerica_ and _Sortes Virgilanae_ of the Pagans, but
+accommodated to their own circumstances by the Christians.
+
+Complete copies of the Old and New Testaments being rarely met with
+prior to the invention of printing, the Psalms, the Prophets, or the
+four Gospels, were the parts of holy writ principally made use of in
+these consultations, which were sometimes accompanied with various
+ceremonies, and conducted with great solemnity, especially on public
+occasions. Thus the emperor Heraclius in the war against the Persians,
+being at a loss whether to advance or retreat, commanded a public fast
+for three days, at the end of which he applied to the four Gospels, and
+opened upon a text which he regarded as an oracular intimation to winter
+in Albania. Gregory, of Tours, also relates that Meroveus, being
+desirous of obtaining the kingdom of Chilperic, his father consulted a
+female fortune-teller, who promised him the possession of royal estates;
+but to prevent deception and to try the truth of her prognostications,
+he caused the Psalter, the Book of Kings, and the four Gospels to be
+laid upon the shrine of St. Martin, and after fasting and solemn prayer,
+opened upon passages which not only destroyed his former hopes, but
+seemed to predict the unfortunate events which afterwards befel him.
+
+A French writer, in 506, says, "this abuse was introduced by the
+superstition of the people, and afterwards gained ground by the
+ignorance of the bishops." This appears evident from Pithon's Collection
+of Canons, containing some forms under the title of _The Lot of the
+Apostles_. These were found at the end of the Canons of the Apostles in
+the Abbey of Marmousier. Afterwards, various canons were made in the
+different councils and synods against this superstition; these continued
+to be framed in the councils of London under Archbishop Lanfranc in
+1075, and Corboyl in 1126.
+
+The founder of the Francisians, it seems, having denied himself the
+possession of any thing but coats and a cord, and still having doubts
+whether he might not possess books, first prayed, and then casually
+opened upon Mark, chapter iv, "Unto you it is given to know the mystery
+of the kingdom of God; but unto them that are without, all these things
+are done in parables;" from which he drew the conclusion, that books
+were not necessary for him.
+
+One Peter of Thoulouse being accused of heresy, and having denied it
+upon oath, one of those who stood by, in order to judge of the truth of
+his oath, seized the book upon which he had sworn, and opening it
+hastily, met with the words of the devil to our Saviour, "What have we
+to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?" and from thence concluded that
+the accused was guilty, and had nothing to do with Christ!
+
+The extraordinary case also of King Charles I. and Lord Falkland, as
+applicable to divination of this kind, is related. Being together at
+Oxford, they went one day to see the public library, and were shown,
+among other books, a Virgil, finely printed and exquisitely bound. Lord
+Falkland, to divert the king, proposed that he should make a trial of
+his fortune by the _Sortes Virgilanae_. The king opening the book, the
+passage he happened to light upon was part of Dido's imprecation against
+Aeneas in lib. iv. l. 615. King Charles seeming concerned at the
+accident, Lord Falkland would likewise try his own fortune, hoping he
+might fall upon some passage that could have no relation to his case,
+and thus divert the king's thoughts from any impression the other might
+have upon him; but the place Lord Falkland stumbled upon was still more
+suited to his destiny, being the expressions of Evander upon the
+untimely death of his son Pallas, lib. xi. Lord Falkland fell in the
+battle of Newbury, in 1644, and Charles was beheaded in 1649.
+
+The kind of divination among the Jews, termed by them Bath Kol, or the
+daughter of the voice, was not very dissimilar to the _Sortes Sanctorum_
+of the Christians. The mode of practising it was by appealing to the
+first words accidentally heard from any one speaking or reading. The
+following is an instance from the Talmud:--Rabbi Jochanau and Rabbi
+Simeon. Ben Lachish, desiring to see the face of R. Samuel, a Babylonish
+doctor: "Let us follow," said they, "the hearing of Bath Kol."
+Travelling, therefore, near a school, they heard the voice of a boy:
+reading these words out of the First Book of Samuel, "And Samuel died."
+They observed this, and inferred from hence that their friend Samuel was
+dead, and so they found it. Some of the ancient Christians too, it
+seems, used to go to church with a purpose of receiving as the will of
+heaven the words of scripture that were singing at their entrance.
+
+To pay a very great deference in opening upon a place of scripture, as
+to its affording an assurance of salvation, used to be a very common
+practice amongst the people called Methodists, but chiefly those of the
+Calvinistic persuasion; this, it is probable, has declined in proportion
+with the earnestness of these people in other respects. They had also
+another opinion, viz. that if the recollection of any particular text of
+scripture happened to arise in their minds, this was likewise looked
+upon as a kind of immediate revelation from heaven. This they call being
+presented or brought home to them!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other
+    men's stuff."--_Wotton_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Whoever the following story may be fathered on, Sir John Hamilton was
+certainly its parent. The duke of Rutland, at one of his levees, being
+at a loss (as probably most kings, princes, and viceroys occasionally
+are) for something to say to every person he was bound in etiquette to
+notice, remarked to Sir John Hamilton that there was "a prospect of an
+excellent crop:--the timely rain," observed the duke, "will bring every
+thing above ground." "God forbid, your excellency!" exclaimed the
+courtier. His excellency stared, whilst Sir John continued, sighing
+heavily as he spoke:--"yes, God forbid! for I have got _three wives_
+under it."--_Barrington's Sketches_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is a singular circumstance that Italia, or, as it is called in
+English, Italy, has, under all the changes and revolutions to which it
+has been subjected, always preserved its name. Every other country in
+Europe is now known to its inhabitants by other names than were given to
+it by their ancestors in the time of the Romans; but Italia continues to
+be the name of the country at the present day, and we have no authentic
+records by which we can ascertain that it ever bore any other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR INSCRIPTION.
+
+
+_Written over the Ten Commandments in a church in Wales._
+
+  PRSVRYPRFCTMN
+  VRKPTHSPRCPTSTN
+
+The meaning can only be developed by adding the vowel E, which makes the
+sense thus--
+
+  Persevere ye perfect men
+  Ever keep these precepts ten.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In a new farce, supposed to have been written by Maddocks, was the
+following curious pun:--A large party of soldiers surprising two
+resurrection men in a church-yard, the officer seized one of them, and
+asked him what he had to say for himself. "Say, sir! why, that we came
+here to raise a _corpse_, and not a _regiment!_"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11387 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11387 ***</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page177" name="page177"></a>[pg
+177]</span>
+<h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+OF<br />
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><b>Vol. 10. No. 273.]</b></td>
+<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1827</b></td>
+<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>GASPARD MONGE'S MAUSOLEUM.</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/273-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/273-1.png" alt=
+"Gaspard Monge's Mausoleum" /></a></div>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;As one of your correspondents has favoured you with a
+drawing of the gaol I designed for the city and county of Norwich,
+with which you have embellished a recent number of the MIRROR, I
+flatter myself that an engraving from the drawing I herewith send
+you of the mausoleum of Gaspard Monge, which I drew while at Paris,
+in 1822, will also be interesting to the readers of your valuable
+little miscellany. Gaspard Monge, whose remains are deposited in
+the burying ground in Pere la Chaise, at Paris, in a magnificent
+mausoleum, was professor of geometry in the Polytechnique School at
+Paris, and with Denon accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte on his
+memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make drawings of the
+architectural antiquities and sculpture, and the other the
+geographical delineations of that ancient country. He returned to
+Paris, where he assisted Denon in the publication of his
+antiquities. At his decease the pupils of the Polytechnique School
+erected this mausoleum to his memory, as a testimony of their
+esteem, after a design made by his friend, Monsieur Denon. The
+mausoleum is of Egyptian architecture, with which Denon had become
+familiarly acquainted.</p>
+<p>There is a bust of Monge placed on a terminal pedestal
+underneath a canopy in the upper compartment, which canopy is open
+in front and in the back. In the crown cavetto of the cornice is an
+Egyptian winged globe, entwined with serpents, emblematical of time
+and eternity; and on the faci below is engraved the following
+line:&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i4">A. GASPARD MONGE.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page178" name="page178"></a>[pg
+178]</span>
+<p>On each side of the upper compartment is inscribed the following
+<i>memento mori</i>:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>LES ELEVES</p>
+<p>DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE.</p>
+<p>A.G. MONGE.</p>
+<p>COMTE DE PELUSE.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Underneath this inscription is carved in sunk work an Egyptian
+lotus flower in an upright position; on the back of the mausoleum
+is the date of the year in which Gaspard Monge died. The body is in
+the cemetery below.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>AN. MDCCCXX.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Monge was a man of considerable merit as a geometrician, and,
+while living, stood preeminent above his contemporaries in the
+French school of that day. He is the author of several works, but
+his most popular one is entitled "G&egrave;om&egrave;trie
+Descriptive. par G. Monge, de l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et
+Arts, de l'Ecole Polytechnique; Membre du S&eacute;nat
+Conservateur, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honeur et Cointe de
+l'Empire."</p>
+<p>The programme to this work is interesting, as it urges the
+necessity of making geometry a branch of the national education,
+and points out the beneficial results that would arise therefrom.
+The following is the translation:&mdash;</p>
+<p>To draw the French nation from the dependence, which, even in
+the present day it is obliged to place in foreign industry, it is
+necessary first to direct the national education towards the
+knowledge of those objects which require a correctness which
+hitherto has been totally neglected; to accustom the hands of our
+artists to the management of the various instruments that are
+necessary to measure the different degrees of work, and to execute
+them with precision; then the finisher becomes sensible of the
+accuracy it will require in the different works, and he will be
+enabled to set the necessary value on it. For our artists to
+become, from their youth, familiar with geometry, and to be in a
+condition to attain it, it is necessary in the second place to
+render popular the knowledge of a great number of natural phenomena
+that are indispensable to the progress of industry; they will then
+profit for the advancement of the general instruction of the
+nation, which by a fortunate circumstance it has at its disposal,
+the principal resources that are necessary for it. Lastly, it is
+requisite to extend among our artists the knowledge of the
+advancement of the arts and that of machines, whose object is
+either to diminish manual labour or to give to the result of labour
+more uniformity and precision; and on those heads it must be
+confessed we have much to draw from foreign nations.<a id=
+"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> All these views can only be
+accomplished by giving a new turn to national education.</p>
+<p>This is to be done, in the first place, by making all
+intelligent young men (who are born with a fortune) familiar with
+the use of descriptive geometry, so that they may be able to employ
+their capital more profitably both for themselves and the nation,
+and also for those who have no other fortune than their education,
+so that their labour will bring them the greater reward. This art
+has two principal objects, the first to represent with exactness,
+from drawings which have only two dimensions, objects which have
+three, and which are susceptible of a strict definition; under this
+point of view it is a language necessary to the man of genius when
+he conceives a project, and to those who are to have the direction
+of it; and lastly, to the artists who are themselves to execute the
+different parts.</p>
+<p>The second object of descriptive geometry, is to deduce from the
+exact description of bodies all that necessarily follows of their
+forms and their respective positions; in this sense it is a means
+of seeking truth, as it offers perpetual examples of the passage
+from what is known to what is unknown, and as it is always applied
+to objects susceptible of the minutest evidence, it is necessary
+that it should form part of the plan of a national education. It is
+not only fit to exercise the intellectual faculties of a great
+people, and to contribute thereby to the perfection of mankind, but
+it is also indispensable to all workmen, whose end is to give to
+certain bodies determined forms, and it is principally owing to the
+methods of this art having been too little extended, or in fact
+almost entirely neglected, that the progress of our industry has
+been so slow. We shall contribute then to give an advantageous
+direction to national education, by making our young artist
+familiar with the application of descriptive geometry, to the
+graphic constructions which are necessary in the greater number of
+the arts, and in making use of this geometry in the representation
+and determination of the elements of machinery, by means of which,
+man by the aid of the forces of nature, reserves for himself, in a
+manner, in his operations no other labour than that of his
+intellects. It is no less advantageous to extend the knowledge of
+those phenomena of nature which may be turned to the profit of the
+arts. The charm which accompanies them will overcome the repugnance
+that men <span class="pagenum"><a id="page179" name=
+"page179"></a>[pg 179]</span> have in general for manual
+operations, (which most regard as painful and laborious,) as it
+will make them find pleasure in the exercise of their intellect;
+thus there ought to be in the formal school a course of descriptive
+geometry.</p>
+<p>As yet we have no well compiled elementary work on that art,
+because till this time learned men have taken too little interest
+in it, or it has only been practised in an obscure manner by
+persons whose education had not been sufficiently extended, and
+were unable to communicate the result of their lucubrations. A
+course simply oral would be absolutely without effect. It is
+necessary then, for the course of descriptive geometry, that
+practice and execution be joined to the hearing of methods; thus
+pupils will be exercised in graphic construction of descriptive
+geometry. The graphic arts have general methods with which we can
+only become familiar by the use of the rule and compass. Among the
+different applications that may be made of descriptive geometry,
+there are <i>two</i> which are remarkable, both for their
+universality and their ingenuity; these are the constructions of
+<i>perspective</i> and the strict determination of the
+<i>shadows</i>. These two parts may finally be considered as the
+completion of the art of describing objects.</p>
+<h4>R. BROWN.</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>AN IDLER'S ALBUM; OR, SKETCHES OF MEN AND THINGS.</h2>
+<h3>THE RADIANT BOY.</h3>
+<p>It is now more than twenty years since the late Lord Londonderry
+was, for the first time, on a visit to a gentleman in the north of
+Ireland. The mansion was such a one as spectres are fabled to
+inhabit. It was associated with many recollections of historic
+times, and the sombre character of its architecture, and the
+wildness of its surrounding scenery, were calculated to impress the
+soul with that tone of melancholy and elevation, which,&mdash;if it
+be not considered as a predisposition to welcome the visitation of
+those unearthly substances that are impalpable to our sight in
+moments of less hallowed sentiment,&mdash;is indisputably the state
+of mind in which the imagination is most readily excited, and the
+understanding most favourably inclined to grant a credulous
+reception to its visions. The apartment also which was appropriated
+to Lord Londonderry, was calculated to foster such a tone of
+feeling. From its antique appointments; from the dark and
+richly-carved panels of its wainscot; from its yawning width and
+height of chimney&mdash;looking like the open entrance to a tomb,
+of which the surrounding ornaments appeared to form the sculptures
+and the entablature;&mdash;from the portraits of grim men and
+severe-eyed women, arrayed in orderly procession along the walls,
+and scowling a contemptuous enmity against the degenerate invader
+of their gloomy bowers and venerable halls; from the vast, dusky,
+ponderous, and complicated draperies that concealed the windows,
+and hung with the gloomy grandeur of funereal trappings about the
+hearse-like piece of furniture that was destined for his
+bed,&mdash;Lord L., on entering his apartment, might be conscious
+of some mental depression, and surrounded by such a world of
+melancholy images, might, perhaps, feel himself more than usually
+inclined to submit to the influences of superstition. It is not
+possible that these sentiments should have been allied to any
+feelings of apprehension. Fear is acknowledged to be a most mighty
+master over the visions of the imagination. It can "call spirits
+from the vasty deep"&mdash;and they do come, when it does call for
+them. It trembles at the anticipation of approaching evil, and then
+encounters in every passing shadow the substance of the dream it
+trembled at. But such could not have been the origin of the form
+which addressed itself to the view of Lord Londonderry. Fear is a
+quality that was never known to mingle in the character of a
+Stewart. Lord Londonderry examined his chamber&mdash;he made
+himself acquainted with the forms and faces of the ancient
+possessors of the mansion, who sat up right in their ebony frames
+to receive his salutation; and then, after dismissing his valet, he
+retired to bed. His candles had not been long extinguished, when he
+perceived a light gleaming on the draperies of the lofty canopy
+over his head. Conscious that there was no fire in the
+grate&mdash;that the curtains were closed&mdash;that the chamber
+had been in perfect darkness but a few moments before, he supposed
+that some intruder must have accidentally entered his apartment;
+and, turning hastily round to the side from which the light
+proceeded&mdash;saw&mdash;to his infinite astonishment&mdash;not
+the form of any human visiter&mdash;but the figure of a fair boy,
+who seemed to be garmented in rays of mild and tempered glory,
+which beamed palely from his slender form, like the faint light of
+the declining moon, and rendered the objects which were nearest to
+him dimly and indistinctly visible. The spirit stood at some short
+distance from the side of the bed. Certain that his own faculties
+were <span class="pagenum"><a id="page180" name="page180"></a>[pg
+180]</span> not deceiving him, but suspecting that he might be
+imposed upon by the ingenuity of some of the numerous guests who
+were then visiting in the same house, Lord Londonderry proceeded
+towards the figure. It retreated before him. As he slowly advanced,
+the form, with equal paces, slowly retired. It entered the vast
+arch of the capacious chimney, and then sunk into the earth. Lord
+L. returned to his bed; but not to rest. His mind was harassed by
+the consideration of the extraordinary event which had occurred to
+him. Was it real?&mdash;was it the work of imagination?&mdash;was
+it the result of imposture?&mdash;It was all incomprehensible. He
+resolved in the morning not to mention the appearance till he
+should have well observed the manners and the countenances of the
+family: he was conscious that, if any deception had been practised,
+its authors would be too delighted with their success to conceal
+the vanity of their triumph. When the guests assembled at the
+breakfast-table, the eye of Lord Londonderry searched in vain for
+those latent smiles&mdash;those cunning looks&mdash;that silent
+communication between the parties&mdash;by which the authors and
+abettors of such domestic conspiracies are generally betrayed.
+Every thing apparently proceeded in its ordinary course. The
+conversation flowed rapidly along from the subjects afforded at the
+moment, without any of the constraint which marks a party intent
+upon some secret and more interesting argument, and endeavouring to
+afford an opportunity for its introduction. At last the hero of the
+tale found himself compelled to mention the occurrences of the
+night. It was most extraordinary&mdash;he feared that he should not
+be credited: and then, after all due preparation, the story was
+related. Those among his auditors who, like himself, were strangers
+and visiters in the house, were certain that some delusion must
+have been practised. The family alone seemed perfectly composed and
+calm. At last, the gentleman whom Lord Londonderry was visiting,
+interrupted their various surmises on the subject by
+saying:&mdash;"The circumstance which you have just recounted must
+naturally appear most extraordinary to those who have not long been
+inmates of my dwelling, and are not conversant with the legends
+connected with my family; to those who are, the event which has
+happened will only serve as the corroboration of an old tradition
+that long has been related of the apartment in which you slept. You
+have seen <i>the Radiant Boy</i>; and it is an omen of prosperous
+fortunes;&mdash;I would rather that this subject should no more be
+mentioned."</p>
+<p>The above adventure is one very commonly reported of the late
+Marquis of Londonderry; and is given on the authority of a
+gentleman, to whom that nobleman himself related it.&mdash;<i>The
+Album</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE CROSS ROADS.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Methought upon a mountain's brow</p>
+<p class="i2">Stood Glory, gazing round him;</p>
+<p>And in the silent vale below</p>
+<p class="i2">Lay Love, where Fancy found him;</p>
+<p>While distant o'er the yellow plain</p>
+<p>Glittering Wealth held wide domain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Glory was robed in light; and trod</p>
+<p class="i2">A brilliant track before him,</p>
+<p>He gazed with ardour, like a god,</p>
+<p class="i2">And grasp'd at heaven o'er him;</p>
+<p>The meteor's flash his beaming eye,</p>
+<p>The trumpet's shriek his melody.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But Love was robed in roses sweet,</p>
+<p class="i2">And zephyrs murmur'd nigh him,</p>
+<p>Flowers were blooming at his feet,</p>
+<p class="i2">And birds were warbling by him:</p>
+<p>His eyes soft radiance seem'd to wear,</p>
+<p>For tears and smiles were blended there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Gay Wealth a gorgeous train display'd.</p>
+<p class="i2">(And Fancy soon espied him,)</p>
+<p>Supine, in splendid garb array'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">With Luxury beside him;</p>
+<p>He dwelt beneath a lofty dome,</p>
+<p>Which Pride and Pleasure made their home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Well; seeking Happiness, I sped,</p>
+<p class="i2">And, as Hope hover'd o'er me,</p>
+<p>I ask'd which way the nymph had fled,</p>
+<p class="i2">For <i>four roads</i> met before me&mdash;</p>
+<p>Whether she'd climb'd the height above,</p>
+<p>Or bask'd with Wealth, or slept with Love?</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I paus'd&mdash;for in the lonely path,</p>
+<p class="i2">'Neath gloomy willows weeping,</p>
+<p>Wrapt in his shroud of sullen wrath,</p>
+<p class="i2">The <i>Suicide</i> was sleeping,</p>
+<p>A scathed yew-tree's wither'd limb,</p>
+<p>To mark the spot, frown'd o'er him.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I wept&mdash;to think my fellow-man,</p>
+<p class="i2">(To madness often driven,)</p>
+<p>Pursue false Glory's phantoms, then</p>
+<p class="i2">Lose happiness and heaven:</p>
+<p>I wept&mdash;for oh! it seem'd to be</p>
+<p>A mournful moral meant for me!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But lo! an aged traveller came,</p>
+<p class="i2">By Wisdom sent to guide me,</p>
+<p>Experience was the pilgrim's name,</p>
+<p class="i2">And thus he seem'd to chide me&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Fool! Happiness is gone the road</p>
+<p>That leads to Virtue's calm abode!"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<h4>JESSE HAMMOND.</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MY COMMON-PLACE BOOK.</h2>
+<h3>NO. XXI.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>ORDEALS.</h3>
+<p>Four kinds of ordeals were chiefly used by our German
+ancestors:&mdash;1. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page181" name=
+"page181"></a>[pg 181]</span> "The Kamp fight," or combat; during
+which the spectators were to be silent and quiet, on pain of losing
+an arm or leg; an executioner with a sharp axe. 2. "The fire
+ordeal," in which the accused might clear his innocence by holding
+<i>red-hot</i> iron in his hands, or by walking blind-fold amidst
+fiery ploughshares. 3. "The hot-water ordeal," much of the nature
+as the last. 4. "The cold-water ordeal:" this need not be
+explained, since it is looked on as supreme when a witch is in
+question. The cross ordeal was reserved for the clergy. These, if
+accused, might prove their innocence by swallowing two consecrated
+morsels taken from the altar after proper prayers. If these
+fragments stuck in the priest's throat he stood <i>ipse
+facto</i>&mdash;condemned; but we have no record of
+condemnation.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>GEMS.</h3>
+<p>Forgive not the man who gives you <i>bad</i> wine more than
+once. It is more than an injury. Cut the acquaintance as you value
+your life.</p>
+<p>If you see half-a-dozen faults in a woman, you may rest assured
+she has a hundred virtues to counterbalance them. I love your
+faulty, and fear your <i>faultless women</i>. When you see what is
+termed a faultless woman, dread her as you would a beautiful snake.
+The power of completely concealing the defects that she must have,
+is of itself a serious vice.</p>
+<p>If you find no more books in a man's room, save some four or
+five, including the red-book and the general almanac, you may set
+down the individual as a man of genius, or an ass;&mdash;there is
+no medium.</p>
+<p>The eye is never to be mistaken. A person may discipline the
+muscles of the face and voice, but there is a something in the eye
+beyond the will, and we thus frequently find it giving the tongue
+the lie direct.</p>
+<p>I never knew a truly estimable man offer a finger, it is ever a
+sign of a cold heart; and he who is heartless is positively
+worthless, though he may be negatively harmless.</p>
+<p>Cut the acquaintance of any lady who signs a letter with
+"<i>yours obediently</i>."</p>
+<p>Always act in the presence of children with the utmost
+circumspection. They mark all you do, and most of them are more
+wise than you may imagine.</p>
+<p>Men of genius make the most ductile husbands. A fool has too
+much opinion of his own dear self, and too little of women's to be
+easily governed.</p>
+<p>A passion for sweetmeats, and a weak intellect, generally go
+together.</p>
+<p>I have known many fools to be gluttons, but never knew one that
+was an epicure.</p>
+<p>The affection of women is the most wonderful thing in the world;
+it tires not&mdash;faints not&mdash;dreads not&mdash;cools not. It
+is like the Naptha that nothing can extinguish but the trampling
+foot of death.</p>
+<p>There is a language in flowers, which is very eloquent&mdash;a
+philosophy that is instructive. Nature appears to have made them as
+emblems of women. The timid snow-drop, the modest violet, the
+languid primrose, the coy lily, the flaunting tulip, the smart
+marigold, the lowly blushing daisy, the proud foxglove, the deadly
+nightshade, the sleepy poppy, and the sweet solitary eglantine, are
+all types.</p>
+<h4>W.C. B&mdash;&mdash; M.</h4>
+<hr />
+<p>There are a set of malicious, prating, prudent gossips, both
+male and female, who murder characters to kill time; and will rob a
+young fellow of his good name before he has years to know the value
+of it.&mdash;<i>Sheridan</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MANNERS &amp; CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2>
+<h3>No. XII.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>A BURMESE EXECUTION.</h3>
+<p>The scene took place at Rangoon, and the sufferers were men of
+desperate characters, who merited death. At a short distance from
+the town, on the road known to the army by the name of the
+Forty-first Lines, is a small open space, which formerly was railed
+in: and here all criminals used to be executed. On this occasion
+several gibbets, about the height of a man, were erected, and a
+large crowd of Burmans assembled to feast their eyes on the
+sanguinary scene that was to follow.</p>
+<p>When the criminals arrived, they were tied within wooden frames,
+with extended arms and legs, and the head-executioner going round
+to each, marked with a piece of chalk, on the side of the men, in
+what direction his assistant (who stood behind him with a sharpened
+knife,) was to make the incision. On one man he described a circle
+on the side; another had a straight line marked down the centre of
+his stomach; a third was doomed to some other mode of death; and
+some were favoured by being decapitated. These preparations being
+completed, the assistant approached the man marked with a circle,
+and seizing a knife, plunged it up to the hilt in his side, then
+slowly and deliberately turning it round, he finished the circle!
+The poor wretch rolled his eyes in inexpressible agony,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page182" name="page182"></a>[pg
+182]</span> groaned, and soon after expired; thus depriving these
+human fiends of the satisfaction his prolonged torments would have
+afforded them. The rest suffered in the same manner; and, from the
+specimens I have seen of mangled corpses, I do not think this
+account overdrawn. Hanging is a punishment that seldom, if ever,
+takes place.</p>
+<p>The manner in which slighter punishments are made is peculiar to
+the Burmans, and, as nearly as I can make it out, according to our
+pronunciation, is called "toung." The delinquent is obliged to
+kneel down, and a man stands over him with a bent elbow and
+clenched fist. He first rapidly strikes him on the head with his
+elbow, and then slides it down until his knuckles repeat the blow,
+the elbow at the same time giving a violent smack on the shoulders.
+This is repeated until it becomes a very severe punishment, which
+may be carried to great excess.&mdash;<i>Two Years in Ava</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>BILL OF FARE AT AN ANCIENT INSTALMENT.</h3>
+<p>The following is a true copy of the original lodged in the Tower
+of London:<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href=
+"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>&mdash;</p>
+<p>George Nevil, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, at his
+instalment into his archbishopric of York, in the year 1470, made a
+feast for the nobility, gentry, and clergy, wherein he spent:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>300 quartrs of wheat 300 ton of ale 104 ton of wine 1 pipe of
+spic'd w. 80 fat oxen 6 wild bulls 300 pigs 1004 wethers 300 hogs
+300 calves 3000 geese 3000 capons 100 peacocks 200 cranes 200 kids
+2000 chickens 4000 pidgeons 4000 rabitts 204 bitterns 4000 ducks
+400 hernsies 200 pheasants 500 partridges 4000 woodcocks 400
+plovers 100 carlews 100 quails 1000 eggets 200 rees 4000 bucks and
+does, and roebucks 155 hot venison pasties 1000 dishes of jellies
+4000 cold venison past 2000 hot custards 4000 ditto cold 400 tarts
+300 pikes 300 breams 8 seals 4 porpusses</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>At this feast the Earl of Warwick was steward; the Earl of
+Bedford treasurer; the Lord Hastings comptroller, with many noble
+officers servitors.</p>
+<p>1000 cooks. 62 kitchiners. 515 scullions.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE SERGEANT'S WIFE.</h3>
+<p>A drama, named as above, has been played with eminent success
+during the present season at the English Opera House. The plot is
+founded on the following horrible occurrence, which actually took
+place in Ireland in the year 1813, and which we extract from the
+columns of an Irish paper of the same date. The narrative is
+powerfully worked up in <i>The Nowlans</i>, in the second series of
+the <i>O'Hara Tales</i>, and Mr. Banim is the author both of the
+novel and the drama:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"The speech of George Smith, William Smith, and James Smith, who
+were lately executed at Longford for the murder of James Reilly, a
+pedlar, near Lanes-borough, has been published. It gives the
+following description of the inhuman crime for which they
+suffered:</p>
+<p>"The discovery of this murder, as decreed by the Almighty, was
+made by Margaret Armstrong, the wife of Sergeant Armstrong, of the
+27th regiment of foot, on the recruiting service in Athlone. She
+was going to her husband, when she was overtaken by this dealing
+man. He asked her how far she was going&mdash;she answered to
+Athlone, to her husband, and said as it was getting late, and being
+scarce of money, she would make good her way that night. He then
+replied, 'my poor woman, let not that hurry you, I am going to
+Athlone myself, and there is a lodging at the next cross at which I
+mean to stop, be advised, and go no farther to-night, and I will
+pay your expenses.' When they came to the house, he asked for a bed
+for himself and another for the woman, and called for supper; when
+that was over, he paid the bill, and taking out his pocket-book, he
+counted 150<i>l.</i> which he gave in charge to George Smith, and
+retired to bed; the woman likewise went to her's, the family sat up
+till twelve; after which, when the man was fast asleep and all was
+silent, we, (the three Smiths) went into the room where the man
+lay; we dragged him out of bed, and cut his throat from ear to ear;
+we saved his blood in a pewter dish, and put the body into a
+flaxseed barrel, among feathers, in which we covered it up. Take
+care, and do the same with the woman, <i>said our mother</i>. We
+accordingly went to her bedside, and saw her hands extended out of
+the bed; we held a candle to her eyes, <span class="pagenum"><a id=
+"page183" name="page183"></a>[pg 183]</span> but she did not stir
+during the whole time, as God was on her side; for had we supposed
+that she had seen the murder committed by us, she would have shared
+the same fate with the deceased man. Next morning when she arose,
+she asked was the man up? We made answer, that he was gone two
+hours before, left sixpence for her, and took her bundle with him.
+'No matter,' said she, 'for I will see him in Athlone.' When she
+went away, I (George Smith) dressed myself in my sister's clothes,
+and having crossed the fields, met her, I asked her how far she was
+going? She said to Athlone: I then asked her where she lodged? She
+told me at one Smith's, a very decent house, where she met very
+good entertainment. 'That house bears a bad name,' said I. 'I have
+not that to say of them,' said she, 'for they gave me good usage.'
+It was not long until we saw a sergeant and two recruits coming up
+the road; upon which she cried out, 'here is my husband coming to
+meet me; he knew I was coming to him.' I immediately turned off the
+road, and made back to the house. When she met her husband, she
+fainted; and on recovering, she told him of the murder, and how she
+escaped with her life. The husband went immediately and got guards,
+and had us taken prisoners; the house was searched, and the mangled
+body found in the barrel." The three monsters were, it is
+mentioned, ordered for execution from the dock.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>ANECDOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS.</h2>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Notings, selections,</p>
+<p class="i2">Anecdote and joke:</p>
+<p>Our recollections;</p>
+<p class="i2">With gravities for graver folk.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE BAR&mdash;THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.</h3>
+<p>It must be admitted (talking of the late <i>Vice</i>) that he
+really was enough to annoy any sober staid master, by his frolics
+and gambols since he has been made a judge. I remember him a quiet
+good sort of man enough: with a bed-room and kitchen in the area of
+No. 11, New-square; and his dining-room above, serving also for
+consultations: and his going, now and then, only to have a game of
+whist and glass of negus at Serle's;&mdash;but, now, he is a
+perfect <i>Monsieur Tonson</i> to all continental travellers. Never
+can you take up the police-book at the hotels, on the road to
+Italy, without <i>Sir John Leach</i> staring you in the face. The
+other day at the <i>Cloche</i> at Dijon (I will never go there
+again, and beg Sir John to do me the favour to withdraw his
+patronage also,&mdash;the <i>Parc</i> is worth twenty of it),
+yawning over my bottle of <i>Cote d'Or</i>, I inquired of the
+waiter who of my "land's language" had lately been there. "Vy,
+Sare, ve have de Milor Leash." "Lord Leash?"&mdash;"Oui,
+Monsieur;&mdash;mais, Fanchette, apportez le livre ici pour
+Monsieur&mdash;le voila."&mdash;"Ah, ha! Sir John Leach; I
+see."&mdash;"Ah qu'il est bon enfant! qu'il est gai!" exclaimed the
+<i>garcon</i>. "Ah! qu'il est aimable!" sighed
+Fanchette&mdash;Enter De Molin the banker's little bureau at
+Lausanne&mdash;(by the way, it is the favourite chamber of Gibbon
+the historian, and if you pay the house a visit from motives of
+curiosity respecting its former occupant, you will be happy to be
+allowed to remain and converse with the actual owner, for a more
+honourable, liberal, and better-informed man, does not
+exist)&mdash;there, I say, in the glass over the mantlepiece, will
+you see the card of <i>Sir John Leach</i>.
+Milan&mdash;Florence&mdash;the same. At Torlogna's the same. Then
+at Naples: go to San Carlos'; and if you get behind the scenes, ask
+for Braccini, the <i>poet&aacute;</i> of the theatre, who has been
+long in England; "Cospetto di Bacco!" he will exclaim: "il degn
+uomo, quel Vice Cancelliere: il Cavaliere <i>Licci!</i>&mdash;Gran
+Dio! quale talento per la musica!-Cappari! egli ha guadagnato i
+cuori di tutte le donne Napolitane."<a id="footnotetag3" name=
+"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> I
+certainly expect to hear him some day astonish the bar, by
+unwittingly striking up "O Pescator delle onde," or "Sul margine
+del Rio," in the Rolls Court; and, as in ancient Greece ('tis said)
+pleadings were chanted, let us yet hope to hear an argument
+preferred to the tune of "They are a' noddin, noddin, noddin;" an
+answer stated <i>andante</i>; a reply given in a <i>bravura</i>,
+and judgment pronounced <i>presto</i>. With all his faults (if they
+be such, which I do not admit), the present Master of the Rolls is
+a good judge, and an able man;&mdash;"un peu vif, peut-etre," as
+Fanchette might say; and it is more agreeable than otherwise, to
+see one who has devoted his life to the study of the law, enjoying
+himself in lighter pursuits, after having attained rank and dignity
+in the profession; and after having punctually and satisfactorily
+executed the important duties of the day, seeking at its close, and
+participating in the gaiety which society offers. It speaks a good
+heart and cheerful temper; whereas, when we hear a distaste
+declared for music, and that of the highest character, we cannot
+but call to mind "He who has not the concord of <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page184" name="page184"></a>[pg 184]</span> sweet
+sounds" within himself;&mdash;but I will not pursue the quotation.
+Besides, were there persons fools enough to blame Sir John for his
+social propensities, he might answer them as the Parisian coachman
+did.&mdash;"What was that?"&mdash;"Why, a French Jehu was tried in
+1818, for some accident caused by his cabriolet, before the
+Criminal Court of Paris; when, having heard the evidence, the
+President of the Tribunal declared that he stood acquitted, but
+that the court felt it its duty to blame him, and that he was
+blamed accordingly." "Blamed!" exclaimed Jehu; "Blamed!&mdash;I
+don't quite understand your Honor;&mdash;but&mdash;but&mdash;will
+it prevent my handling the ribands, and driving the
+<i>wehicle</i>?"&mdash;"No!" said the judge. "Then, with all
+respect for your Honor, I just laugh at it," said coachee, bowing.
+"And so do I," said the president also, in rising to leave the
+court.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL.</h3>
+<p>These <i>Cartoons</i> were executed by the famous Raphael, while
+engaged in the chambers of the Vatican, under the auspices of Pope
+Julius II. and Leo X. As soon as they were finished, they were sent
+to Flanders to be copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontifical
+apartments; but the tapestries were not conveyed to Rome till after
+the decease of Raphael, and probably not before the dreadful sack
+of that city in 1527, under the pontificate of Clement VII; when
+Raphael's scholars having fled from thence, none were left to
+inquire after the original Cartoons, which lay neglected in the
+storerooms of the manufactory, the money for the tapestry having
+never been paid. The revolution that happened soon after in the low
+countries prevented their being noticed during a period in which
+works of art were wholly neglected. They were purchased by king
+Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens, but had been much
+injured by the weavers. At the sale of the royal pictures in 1653,
+these Cartoons were purchased for 300<i>l</i>. by Oliver Cromwell,
+against whom no one would presume to bid. The protector pawned them
+to the Dutch court for upwards of 50,000<i>l.</i>, and, after the
+revolution, King William brought them over again to England, and
+built a gallery for their reception in Hampton Court. Originally
+there were twelve of these Cartoons, but four of them have been
+destroyed by damps and neglect. The subjects were the adoration of
+the Magi, the conversion of St. Paul, the martyrdom of St. Stephen
+and St. Paul before Felix and Agrippa. Two of these were in the
+possession of the King of Sardinia, and two of Louis XIV. of
+France, who is said to have offered 100,000 louis d'ors for the
+seven, which are justly represented as "the glory of England, and
+the envy of all other polite nations." The twelfth, the subject of
+which was the murder of the innocents, belonged to a private
+gentleman in England, who pledged it for a sum of money; but when
+the person who had taken this valuable deposit found it was to be
+redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing; for which the gentleman
+brought an action against him. A third part of it is still
+remaining in the possession of William Hoare, R.A., at Bath.</p>
+<p><i>Cartoon</i> is derived from the Italian <i>cartone</i>, a
+painting or drawing upon large paper. Raphael died on the same day
+of the year on which he was born, Good Friday, in 1520, at the age
+of thirty-seven, deeply lamented by all who knew his value. His
+body lay for awhile in state in one of the rooms wherein he had
+displayed the powers of his mind, and he was honoured with a public
+funeral; his last produce, the <i>transfiguration</i>, being
+carried before him in the procession. The unrelenting hand of death
+(says his biographer) set a period to his labours, and deprived the
+world of further benefit from his talents, when he had only
+attained an age at which most other men are but beginning to be
+useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear him
+stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his
+lips."</p>
+<h4>P.T.W.</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. WRITTEN ON VISITING WESTMINSTER
+ABBEY.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>My murder'd queen, as on thine image once</p>
+<p>The gaze alike of prince and peasant rested&mdash;</p>
+<p>As if, unsated of thy thrilling glance,</p>
+<p>They never until then of beauty tasted:</p>
+<p>So I, by lonely contemplation led</p>
+<p>To muse awhile amid the silent dead&mdash;</p>
+<p>Turn me from all around I hear or see&mdash;</p>
+<p>From all of Shakspeare and of great to thee:</p>
+<p>And think on all thy wrongs&mdash;on all the shame</p>
+<p>That dims for ever thine oppressor's name;</p>
+<p>On all thy faults, nor few nor far between,</p>
+<p>But then thou wert&mdash;a woman and a queen.</p>
+<p>Proud titles, even in a barb'rous age,</p>
+<p>To stem th' impetuous tide of party rage;</p>
+<p>While as I gaze each well-known feature seems</p>
+<p>To stir with life, and realise my dreams</p>
+<p>That paint thee seated on the Scottish throne,</p>
+<p>With all the blaze of beauty round thee thrown;</p>
+<p>Then see thee passing from thy dungeon cell,</p>
+<p>And hear thy parting sigh&mdash;thy last farewell.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<h4><i>Stray Leaves.</i></h4>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page185" name="page185"></a>[pg
+185]</span>
+<h3>ANCIENT GRECIAN SEPULCHRE</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/273-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/273-2.png" alt=
+"Ancient Grecian Sepulchre" /></a></div>
+<p>A beautiful illustration of an ancient Grecian sepulchre or
+funeral chamber, heads the second chapter of Mr. Britton's "Union
+of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting," from which work we have
+copied the annexed engraved view. The interior of the chamber
+exhibits a skeleton and the urns containing the ashes of the dead.
+The combat leads us to the conclusion, that the tomb contains the
+remains of a chief; for it was the barbarous custom of the Greeks
+to sacrifice captives at the tombs of their heroes.</p>
+<p>Of the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Greeks and other
+nations, we subjoin the following:&mdash;</p>
+<p>The most simple and natural kind of funeral monuments, and
+therefore the most ancient and universal, consist in a mound of
+earth, or a heap of stones, raised over the ashes of the departed:
+of such monuments mention is made in the Book of Joshua, and in
+Homer and Virgil. Many of them still occur in various parts of this
+kingdom, especially in those elevated and sequestered situations
+where they have neither been defaced by agriculture nor
+inundation.</p>
+<p>The ancients are said to have buried their dead in their own
+houses, whence, according to some, the original of that species of
+idolatry consisting in the worship of household gods.</p>
+<p>The place of burial amongst the Jews was never particularly
+determined. We find that they had burial-places upon the highways,
+in gardens, and upon mountains. We read, that Abraham was buried
+with Sarah, his wife, in the cave of Macphelah, in the field of
+Ephron, and Uzziah, King of Judah, slept with his fathers in the
+field of the burial which pertained to the kings.</p>
+<p>The primitive Greeks were buried in places prepared for that
+purpose in their own houses; but in after ages they adopted the
+judicious practice of establishing the burial grounds in desert
+islands, and outside the walls of towns, by that means securing
+them from profanation, and themselves from the liability of
+catching infection from those who had died of contagious
+disorders.</p>
+<p>The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from
+a sacred and civil consideration, that the priests might not be
+contaminated by touching a dead body, and that houses might not be
+endangered by the frequency of funeral fires.</p>
+<p>The custom of burning the dead had its foundation laid deep in
+nature: an anxious fondness to preserve the great and good, the
+dear friend and the near relative, was the sole motive that
+prevailed in the institution of this solemnity. "That seems to me,"
+says Cicero, "to have been the most ancient kind of burial, which,
+according to Xenophon, was used by Cyrus. For the body is returned
+to the earth, and so placed as to be covered with the veil of its
+mother." Pliny also agrees with Cicero upon this point, and says
+the custom of burial preceded <span class="pagenum"><a id="page186"
+name="page186"></a>[pg 186]</span> that of burning among the
+Romans. According to Monfau&ccedil;on, the custom of burning
+entirely ceased at Rome about the time of Theodorius the younger.
+When cremation ceased on the introduction of Christianity, the
+believing Romans, together with the Romanized and converted
+Britons, would necessarily, as it is observed by Mr. Grough,
+"betake themselves to the use of sarcophagi (or coffins,) and
+probably of various kinds, stone, marble, lead," &amp;c. They would
+likewise now first place the body in a position due east and west,
+and thus bestow an unequivocal mark of distinction between the
+funeral deposit of the earliest Roman inhabitants of this island,
+and their Christian successors. The usual places of interment were
+in fields or gardens,<a id="footnotetag4" name=
+"footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> near the
+highway, to be conspicuous, and to remind the passengers how
+transient everything is, that wears the garb of mortality. By this
+means, also, they saved the best part of their land:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;Experiar quid concedatur in illos</p>
+<p>Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Juv. Sat I.</i></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their
+lifetime. Hence these words frequently occur in ancient
+inscriptions, V.F. Vivus Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs
+of the rich were usually constructed of marble, the ground enclosed
+with walls, and planted round with trees. But common sepulchres
+were usually built below ground, and called hypogea. There were
+niches cut out of the walls, in which the urns were placed: these,
+from their resemblance to the niche of a pigeon-house, were called
+columbaria.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<h3>PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY.</h3>
+<p>I am fond of travelling: yet I never undertake a journey without
+experiencing a vague feeling of melancholy. There is to me
+something strangely oppressive in the preliminaries of departure.
+The packing of a small valise; the settlement of
+accounts&mdash;justly pronounced by Rabelais a <i>blue-devilish</i>
+process; the regulation of books and papers;&mdash;in short, the
+whole routine of valedictory arrangements, are to me as a nightmare
+on the waking spirit. They induce a mood of last wills and
+testaments&mdash;a sense of dislocation, which, next to a vacuum,
+Nature abhors&mdash;and create a species of moral decomposition,
+not unlike that effected on matter by chemical agency. It is not
+that I have to lament the disruption of social connexions or
+domestic ties. This, I am aware, is a trial sometimes borne with
+exemplary fortitude; and I was lately edified by the magnanimous
+unconcern with which a married friend of mine sang the last verse
+of "Home! sweet home!" as the chaise which was to convey him from
+the <i>burthen</i> of his song drove up to the door. It does not
+become a bachelor to speculate on the mysteries of matrimonial
+philosophy; but the feeling of pain with which <i>I</i> enter on
+the task of migration has no affinity with individual sympathies,
+or even with domiciliary attachments. My landlady is, without
+exception, the ugliest woman in London; and the locality of
+Elbow-lane cannot be supposed absolutely to spellbind the affection
+of one occupying, as I do, solitary chambers on the third
+floor.</p>
+<p>The case, it may be supposed, is much worse when it is my lot to
+take leave, after passing a few weeks at the house of a friend in
+the country;&mdash;a house, for instance, such as is to be met with
+only in England:&mdash;with about twenty acres of lawn, but no
+park; with a shrubbery, but no made-grounds; with well-furnished
+rooms, but no conservatory; and with a garden, in which dandy
+tulips and high-bred anemones do not disdain the fellowship of
+honest artichokes and laughing cauliflowers&mdash;no bad
+illustration of the republican union of comfort with elegance which
+reigns through the whole establishment. The master of the mansion,
+perhaps an old and valued schoolfellow:&mdash;his wife, a
+well-bred, accomplished, and still beautiful woman&mdash;cordial,
+without vulgarity&mdash;refined, without pretension&mdash;and
+informed, without a shade of blue! Their children!... But my reader
+will complete the picture, and imagine, better than I can describe,
+how one of my temperament must suffer at quitting such a scene. At
+six o'clock on the dreaded morning, the friendly old butler knocks
+at my room-door, to warn me that the <span class="pagenum"><a id=
+"page187" name="page187"></a>[pg 187]</span> mail will pass in half
+an hour at the end of the green lane. On descending to the parlour,
+I find that my old friend has, in spite of our over-night agreement
+and a slight touch of gout, come down to see me off. His amiable
+lady is pouring out for me a cup of tea&mdash;assuring me that she
+would be quite unhappy at allowing me to depart without that
+indispensable prelude to a journey. A gig waits at the door: my
+affectionate host will not permit me to walk even half a mile. The
+minutes pass unheeded; till, with a face of busy but cordial
+concern, the old butler reminds me that the mail is at hand. I bid
+a hasty and agitated farewell, and turn with loathing to the forced
+companionship of a public vehicle.</p>
+<p>My anti-leave-taking foible is certainly not so much affected
+when I quit the residence of an hotel&mdash;that public
+home&mdash;that wearisome resting-place&mdash;that epitome of the
+world&mdash;that compound of gregarious
+incompatibilities&mdash;that bazaar of character&mdash;that proper
+resort of semi-social egotism and unamalgable
+individualities&mdash;that troublous haven, where the vessel may
+ride and tack, half-sheltered, but finds no anchorage. Yet even the
+Lilliputian ligatures of such a sojourn imperceptibly twine round
+my lethargic habits, and bind me, Gulliver-like, a passive fixture.
+Once, in particular, I remember to have <i>stuck</i> at the
+H&ocirc;tel des Bons Enfants, in Paris&mdash;a place with nothing
+to recommend it to one of ordinary locomotive energies. But there I
+stuck. Business of importance called me to Bordeaux. I lingered for
+two months. At length, by one of those nervous efforts peculiar to
+weak resolutions, I made my arrangements, secured my emancipation,
+and found myself on the way to the starting-place of the Diligence.
+I well remember the day: 'twas a rainy afternoon in spring. The
+aspect of the gayest city in the world was dreary and comfortless.
+The rain dripped perpendicularly from the eves of the houses,
+exemplifying the axiom, that lines are composed of a succession of
+points. At the corners of the streets it shot a curved torrent from
+the projecting spouts, flooding the channels, and drenching, with a
+sudden drum-like sound, the passing umbrellas, whose varied tints
+of pink, blue, and orange, like the draggled finery of feathers and
+flounces beneath them, only made the scene more glaringly desolate.
+Then came the rush and splatter of cabriolets, scattering terror
+and defilement. The well-mounted English dandy shows his sense by
+hoisting his parapluie; the French dragoon curls his mustachio at
+such effeminacy, and braves the liquid bullets in the genuine
+spirit of Marengo; the old French count picks his elastic steps
+with the placid and dignified philosophy of the <i>ancien
+r&eacute;gime</i>; while the Parisian dames, of all ranks, ages,
+and degrees, trip along, with one leg undraped, exactly in
+proportion to the shapeliness of its configuration.</p>
+<p>The huge clock of the Messag&eacute;ries Royales told three as I
+entered the gateway. The wide court had an air of humid dreariness.
+On one side stood a dozen of those moving caravansaras, the
+national vehicles, with their leathern caps&mdash;like those of
+Danish sailors in a north-wester&mdash;hanging half off, soaked
+with wet. Opposite was the range of offices, busy with all the
+peculiar importance of French <i>bureaucracie.</i> Their clerks,
+decorated with ribbons and crosses, wield their pens with all the
+conscious dignity of secretaries of state; and "<i>book</i>" a bale
+or a parcel as though they were signing a treaty, or granting an
+amnesty. The meanest <i>employ&eacute;</i> seems to think himself
+invested with certain occult powers. His civility savours of
+government patronage; and his frown is inquisitorial. To his
+fellows, his address is abrupt and diplomatic. He seems to speak in
+cipher, and to gesticulate by some rule of freemasonry. But to the
+<i>uninitiated</i> he is explanatory to a scruple, as though
+mischief might ensue from his being misapprehended. He makes sure
+of your understanding by an emphasis, which reminds one of the
+loudness of tone used towards a person supposed to be hard of
+hearing&mdash;a proceeding not very flattering where there happens
+to be neither dulness nor deafness in the case. In a word, the
+measured pedantry of his whole deportment betrays the happy
+conviction in which he rejoices of being conversant with matters
+little dreamt of in your philosophy. Among the bystanders, too,
+there are some who might, probably with more reason, boast their
+proficiency in mysterious lore&mdash;fellows of smooth aspect and
+polite demeanour, whom at first you imagine to have become casual
+spectators from mere lack of better pastime, but whose furtive
+glances and vagrant attention betray the familiars of the
+police&mdash;that complex and mighty engine of modern structure,
+which, far more surely than the "ear of Dionysius," conveys to the
+tympanum of power each echoed sigh and reverberated whisper. It is
+a chilling thing to feel one's budding confidence in a new
+acquaintance nipped by such frosty suspicions; yet&mdash;Heaven
+forgive me!&mdash;the bare idea has, before now, caused me to drop,
+unscented, the pinch of <i>carote</i> which has been courteously
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page188" name="page188"></a>[pg
+188]</span> tendered by some coffee-house companion. In the group
+before me, I fancied that I could distinguish some of this ungentle
+brotherhood; and my averted eye rested with comparative complacency
+even on a couple of <i>gens d'armes</i>, who were marching up and
+down before the door, and whose long swords and voluminous cocked
+hats never appeared to me less offensive.</p>
+<p>In the mean time, knots of travellers were congregating round
+the different vehicles about to depart. In the centre of each
+little band stood the main point of attraction&mdash;Monsieur le
+Conducteur&mdash;that important personage, whose prototype we look
+for in vain among the dignitaries of Lad-lane, or the
+Bull-and-Mouth, and whose very name can only be translated by
+borrowing one of Mr. M'Adam's titles&mdash;"the Colossus of
+<i>Roads</i>." With fur cap, official garb, and the excursive eye
+of a martinet, he inspects every detail of preparation&mdash;sees
+each passenger stowed <i>seriatim</i> in his special
+place&mdash;then takes his position in front&mdash;gives the word
+to his jack-booted vice, whose responsive whip cracks
+assent&mdash;and away rolls the ponderous machine, with all the
+rumbling majesty of a three-decker from off the
+stocks.&mdash;<i>Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>EPIGRAM.</h3>
+<h3>THE RETORT MEDICAL.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Quoth Doctor Squill of Ponder's End,</p>
+<p>"Of all the patients I attend,</p>
+<p class="i2">Whate'er their aches or ails,</p>
+<p>None ever will my fame attack."</p>
+<p class="i2">"None ever can," retorted Jack:</p>
+<p>"For dead men tell no tales"</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>New Monthly
+Magazine</i>.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>CIRCASSIAN WOMEN.</h3>
+<p>We observed two women looking out of a balcony, and earnestly
+beckoning to us. We were the more surprised at their appearance, as
+we believed that the Mahometan women of the Caucasus, like those of
+Persia, were strictly confined to the interior of their houses, or
+that, at all events, they never went unveiled, a custom which we
+found was not general among the inhabitants of the Caucasus. We,
+however, entered the house, and saw in the court two Russian
+grenadiers, who, by a mistake of their corporal, had taken there
+quarters here, and whose presence was the cause of the inquietude
+manifested by the two ladies, who, with an old man, were the only
+inhabitants of the house. Whilst the soldiers were explaining these
+things to us, they appeared at the top of the stairs, and again
+renewed their invitation by violent gesticulations. On a nearer
+approach, we guessed by their age that they were mother and
+daughter. The former, who still preserved much of the freshness and
+beauty of youth, wore very tight trousers, a short tunic, and a
+veil, which fell in graceful folds on her back, while round her
+neck she had some valuable jewels, though badly mounted. With
+respect to the daughter, who was scarcely fifteen years of age, she
+was so extraordinarily beautiful, that both my companion and myself
+remained awhile motionless, and struck with admiration. Never in my
+life have I seen a more perfect form. Her dress consisted of a
+short white tunic, almost transparent, fastened only at the throat
+by a clasp. A veil, negligently thrown over one shoulder, permitted
+part of her beautiful ebony tresses to be seen. Her trousers were
+of an extremely fine tissue, and her socks of the most delicate
+workmanship. The old man received us in a room adjoining the
+staircase: he was seated on the carpet, smoking a small pipe,
+according to the custom of the inhabitants of the Caucasus, who
+cultivate tobacco. He made repeated signs to us to sit down, that
+is to say, in the Asiatic manner, a posture extremely inconvenient
+for those who, like ourselves, wore long and tight trousers, whilst
+the two beautiful women on their side earnestly seconded his
+request. We complied with it, though it was the first time that
+either of us had made the essay. The ladies, having left the room
+for a moment, returned with a salver of dried fruits, and a
+beverage made of sugar and milk; but I was so much engaged in
+admiring their personal attractions, that I paid but little
+attention to their presents. It appeared to me an inconceivable
+caprice of nature to have produced such prodigies of perfection
+amidst such a rude and barbarous people, who value their women less
+than their stirrups. My companion, who like myself was obliged to
+accept of their refreshments, remarked to me, whilst the old man
+was conversing with them, what celebrity a woman so transcendently
+beautiful as the daughter was would acquire in any of the capitals
+of Europe, had she but received the benefits of a suitable
+education.&mdash;<i>Van Halen's Narrative.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page189" name="page189"></a>[pg
+189]</span>
+<h3>AUSTRALIAN IMPORTUNITY.</h3>
+<p>As beggars, the whole world will not produce their match. They
+do not attempt to <i>coax</i> you, but firmly rely on incessant
+importunity; following you, side by side, from street to street, as
+constant as your shadow, pealing in your ears the never ceasing
+sound of "Massa, gim me a dum! massa, gim me a dum!" (dump.) If you
+have the fortitude to resist <i>firmly</i>, on two or three
+assaults, you may enjoy ever after a life of immunity; but by once
+<i>complying</i>, you entail yourself a plague which you will not
+readily throw off, every gift only serving to embolden them in
+making subsequent demands, and with still greater perseverance.
+Neither are their wishes moderately gratified on this
+head&mdash;less than a dump (fifteen pence) seldom proving
+satisfactory. When walking out one morning, I accidentally met a
+young scion of our black tribes, on turning the corner of the
+house, who saluted me with "Good morning, sir, good morning;" to
+which I in like manner responded, and was proceeding onwards, when
+my dingy acquaintance arrested my attention by his loud
+vociferation of "Top, sir, I want to peak to you." "Well, what is
+it?" said I. "Why, you know I am your <i>servant</i>, and you have
+never paid me yet." "The devil you are!" responded I "it is the
+first time I knew of it, for I do not recollect ever seeing your
+face before." "Oh yes, I <i>am</i> your servant," replied he, very
+resolutely; "don't I top about Massa &mdash;&mdash;'s, and boil the
+kettle sometimes for you in the morning?" I forthwith put my hand
+in my pocket, and gave him all the halfpence I had, which I left
+him carefully counting, and proceeded on my walk; but before
+advancing a quarter of a mile, my ears were again assailed with
+loud shouts of "Hallo! top, top!" I turned round, and observed my
+friend in "the dark suit" beckoning with his hand, and walking very
+leisurely toward me. Thinking he was despatched with some message,
+I halted, but as he walked on as slowly as if deeming I ought
+rather to go to him than he come to me, I forthwith returned to
+meet him; but on reaching close enough, what was my astonishment on
+his holding out the halfpence in his open hand, and addressing me
+in a loud, grumbling, demanding tone with&mdash;"Why this is not
+enough to buy a loaf! you must give me more." "Then buy <i>half</i>
+a loaf," said I, wheeling about and resuming my walk, not without a
+good many hard epithets in return from my
+kettle-boiler.&mdash;<i>Cunningham's Two Years in New South
+Wales</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>CONFESSION OF THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I.</h3>
+<p>There have been great disputes about the person who beheaded
+Charles I. Mr. Ellis says, "it seems most probable that the person
+who actually beheaded the king was the common executioner." And
+then adds the following valuable and interesting note, which seems
+to us to settle the question.</p>
+<p>"Among the tracts relating to the civil war, which were given to
+the British Museum by his late majesty King George III. in 1762,
+there are three upon this subject. One is entitled, 'The Confession
+of Richard Brandon the Hangman (upon his death-bed), concerning his
+beheading his late Majesty. Printed in the year of the hangman's
+downfall, 1649.' The second is entitled, 'The last Will and
+Testament of Richard Brandon,' printed in the same year. The third
+is, 'A Dialogue or Dispute between the late Hangman (the same
+person), and Death,' in verse, without date. All three are in
+quarto."</p>
+<p>The following are the most important paragraphs of the first
+tract:</p>
+<p>"The confession of the hangman concerning his beheading his late
+majesty the king of Great Britain (upon his death-bed) who was
+buried on Thursday last in Whitechapel church-yard, with the manner
+thereof:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Upon Wednesday last (being the 20th of this instant, June
+1649), Richard Brandon, the late executioner and hangman, who
+beheaded his late majesty, king of Great Britain, departed this
+life; but during the time of his sicknesse his conscience was much
+troubled, and exceedingly perplexed in mind, yet little shew of
+repentance for remission of his sins, and by past transgressions,
+which had so much power and influence upon him, that he seemed to
+live in them, and they in him. And on Sunday last, a young man of
+his acquaintance going to visit him, fell into discourse, asked him
+how he did, and whether he was not troubled in conscience for
+cutting off the king's head. He replyed, 'yes, by reason that (upon
+the time of his tryall, and at the denouncing of sentence against
+him,) he had taken a vow and protestation, wishing God to punish
+him body and soul, if ever he appeared on the scaffold to do the
+act, or lift up his hand against him.'</p>
+<p>"He likewise confessed that he had thirty pounds for his pains,
+all paid him in half-crowns, within an hour after the blow was
+given; and that he had an orange stuck full of cloves, and a
+handkircher <span class="pagenum"><a id="page190" name=
+"page190"></a>[pg 190]</span> out of the king's pocket, so soon as
+he was carried off from the scaffold, for which orange he was
+proffered twenty shillings by a gentleman in Whitehall, but refused
+the same, and afterwards sold it for ten shillings in
+Rosemary-lane. About six of the clock at night, he returned home to
+his wife living in Rosemary-lane, and gave her the money, saying,
+that it was the deerest money that ever he earned in his life, for
+it would cost him his life; which prophetical words were soon made
+manifest, for it appeared, that ever since he hath been in a most
+sad condition, and upon the Almightie's first scourging of him with
+the rod of sicknesse, and the friendly admonition of divers friends
+for the calling of him to repentance, yet he persisted on in his
+vicious vices, and would not hearken thereunto, but lay raging and
+swearing, and still pointing at one thing or another, which he
+conceived to be still visible before him."</p>
+<p>"About three days before he dy'd, he lay speechlesse, uttering
+many a sigh and heavy groan, and so in a most desperate manner
+departed from his bed of sorrow. For the buriall whereof great
+store of wines were sent in by the sheriff of the city of London,
+and a great multitude of people stood wayting to see his corpse
+carryed to the church-yard, some crying act, 'Hang him, rogue!'
+'Bury him in the dunghill;' others pressing upon him, saying, they
+would quarter him for executing of the king: insomuch that the
+churchwardens and masters of the parish were fain to come for the
+suppressing of them, and (with great difficulty) he was at last
+carryed to White Chappell church-yard, having (as it is said) a
+bunch of rosemary at each end of the coffin, on the top thereof,
+with a rope tyed crosse from one end to the other.</p>
+<p>"And a merry conceited cook living at the sign of the Crown,
+having a black fan (worth the value of thirty shillings), took a
+resolution to rent the same in pieces, and to every feather tied a
+piece of pack-thread dyed in black ink, and gave them to divers
+persons, who (in derision) for a while wore them in their hats.</p>
+<p>"Thus have I given thee an exact account and perfect relation of
+the life and death of Richard Brandon, to the end that the world
+may be convinced of those calumnious speeches and erroneous
+suggestions which are dayly spit from the mouth of envy against
+divers persons of great worth and eminency, by casting an odium
+upon them for the executing of the king; it being now made manifest
+that the aforesaid executioner was the only man who gave the fatal
+blow, and his man that wayted upon him, was a ragman (of the name
+of Ralph Jones) living in Rosemary-lane."&mdash;<i>Ellis's
+Historical Inquiries.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE.</h3>
+<p>The night was rather dark, and we had not seen the figure of our
+postilion, or even heard his voice; but we suspected, by the
+slowness of his movements, that he was some old crony of his
+master. On arriving towards the end of the relay, he began to blow
+a bugle with all his might, surprising us with a number of
+flourishes. Mr. Koch informed me that we were going to cross a
+small river, and that the blast with which we had been regaled was
+a warning for the bargeman. Our vehicle then stopped before the
+door of an inn, which stood on an elevated spot, and the postilion,
+alighting, asked Mr. Koch's permission to enter the inn to drink a
+glass of brandy, whilst the bargeman answered his sign. It was
+midnight, and we expected soon to cross the river; but after
+waiting a quarter of an hour for his return, and seeing that the
+fellow did not come out, I alighted, and proceeded towards a
+window, where a light was perceivable. As I looked through it, I
+saw what I certainly did not expect, but what convinced me that the
+flourishes of his bugle were addressed to a very different person
+from the bargeman. Our postilion was sitting near a table, with a
+huge flagon beside him, and a wench on his knee. Provoked beyond
+expression at this unseasonable courtship, I shook the window till
+it flew open, and, before my companion had time to alight and
+witness the scene, both the hero and the heroine came to the door
+of the inn, the latter holding a lantern in her hand, by which I
+observed she was an ugly kitchen wench of about eighteen, and he a
+young man of five-and-twenty. Displeased with my interruption, he
+muttered something at my impatience, and at the unseasonableness of
+my call, and again blew his bugle, though by no means so vigorously
+as he had before done; after which we gained the barge, and
+continued our way without farther interruption.&mdash;<i>Van
+Halen's Narrative.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>BARBARISM OF THE CAUCASIAN TRIBES.</h3>
+<p>Opposite to our encampment, on the other side of the Alazann,
+and at a distance of eighteen or twenty wersts, is the city of
+Belohakan, situated at the foot of the Caucasus, and inhabited by
+the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page191" name="page191"></a>[pg
+191]</span> Eingalos, a people whom the Lesghis keep in the most
+horrible state of slavery, and who formerly belonged to Georgia;
+but who being too industrious, and attached to their native soil,
+would never abandon it, during the different revolutions which that
+country has undergone, and became subject to their present masters.
+That city carries on a great trade with Teflis, principally in
+bourkas, which are manufactured there; and as the traders pass
+through Karakhach, our colonel, who was the commandant of this
+district, and from whom they must obtain a passport for Georgia,
+was obliged to have near him an Eingalo, who understood the Russian
+language, and served as interpreter. This man had become so
+familiarized with the officers, that the colonel allowed him to sit
+at our table. One day we remarked that the interpreter was absent,
+a circumstance which seldom occurred; but, as we were finishing our
+dessert, he entered the dining-room in high spirits, bringing under
+his arm a bundle, carefully tied, which, he said, contained a fine
+water melon for our dessert. This fruit, in the middle of December,
+is considered a great delicacy, and we all expressed a wish that he
+should produce it, when he immediately untied the bundle, and, to
+our great Horror, we beheld the head of a Lesghi, whom he had
+killed in fight on the other side of the Alazann during a sporting
+expedition, roll on the table. Disgusted at this action, which
+among these barbarous mountaineers would pass as an excellent joke,
+we all rose from table, and retired to another apartment, whilst
+the Eingalo sat down to dinner, and, at every mouthful he took,
+amused himself with turning the head, which he kept close to his
+plate, first one way and then another.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MISCELLANIES</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>RELIGIOUS FORTUNE TELLING.</h3>
+<p>The <i>Sortes Sanctorum</i>, or <i>Sortes Sacrae</i>, of the
+Christians, has been illustrated in the <i>Classical
+Journal</i>.</p>
+<p>These, the writer observes, were a species of divination
+practised in the earlier ages of Christianity, and consisted in
+casually opening the Holy Scriptures, and from the words which
+first presented themselves deducing the future lot of the inquirer.
+They were evidently derived from the <i>Sortes Homerica</i> and
+<i>Sortes Virgilanae</i> of the Pagans, but accommodated to their
+own circumstances by the Christians.</p>
+<p>Complete copies of the Old and New Testaments being rarely met
+with prior to the invention of printing, the Psalms, the Prophets,
+or the four Gospels, were the parts of holy writ principally made
+use of in these consultations, which were sometimes accompanied
+with various ceremonies, and conducted with great solemnity,
+especially on public occasions. Thus the emperor Heraclius in the
+war against the Persians, being at a loss whether to advance or
+retreat, commanded a public fast for three days, at the end of
+which he applied to the four Gospels, and opened upon a text which
+he regarded as an oracular intimation to winter in Albania.
+Gregory, of Tours, also relates that Meroveus, being desirous of
+obtaining the kingdom of Chilperic, his father consulted a female
+fortune-teller, who promised him the possession of royal estates;
+but to prevent deception and to try the truth of her
+prognostications, he caused the Psalter, the Book of Kings, and the
+four Gospels to be laid upon the shrine of St. Martin, and after
+fasting and solemn prayer, opened upon passages which not only
+destroyed his former hopes, but seemed to predict the unfortunate
+events which afterwards befel him.</p>
+<p>A French writer, in 506, says, "this abuse was introduced by the
+superstition of the people, and afterwards gained ground by the
+ignorance of the bishops." This appears evident from Pithon's
+Collection of Canons, containing some forms under the title of
+<i>The Lot of the Apostles</i>. These were found at the end of the
+Canons of the Apostles in the Abbey of Marmousier. Afterwards,
+various canons were made in the different councils and synods
+against this superstition; these continued to be framed in the
+councils of London under Archbishop Lanfranc in 1075, and Corboyl
+in 1126.</p>
+<p>The founder of the Francisians, it seems, having denied himself
+the possession of any thing but coats and a cord, and still having
+doubts whether he might not possess books, first prayed, and then
+casually opened upon Mark, chapter iv, "Unto you it is given to
+know the mystery of the kingdom of God; but unto them that are
+without, all these things are done in parables;" from which he drew
+the conclusion, that books were not necessary for him.</p>
+<p>One Peter of Thoulouse being accused of heresy, and having
+denied it upon oath, one of those who stood by, in order to judge
+of the truth of his oath, seized the book upon which he had sworn,
+and opening it hastily, met with the words of the devil to our
+Saviour, "What have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?"
+and from thence concluded that the accused <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page192" name="page192"></a>[pg 192]</span> was
+guilty, and had nothing to do with Christ!</p>
+<p>The extraordinary case also of King Charles I. and Lord
+Falkland, as applicable to divination of this kind, is related.
+Being together at Oxford, they went one day to see the public
+library, and were shown, among other books, a Virgil, finely
+printed and exquisitely bound. Lord Falkland, to divert the king,
+proposed that he should make a trial of his fortune by the
+<i>Sortes Virgilanae</i>. The king opening the book, the passage he
+happened to light upon was part of Dido's imprecation against
+Aeneas in lib. iv. l. 615. King Charles seeming concerned at the
+accident, Lord Falkland would likewise try his own fortune, hoping
+he might fall upon some passage that could have no relation to his
+case, and thus divert the king's thoughts from any impression the
+other might have upon him; but the place Lord Falkland stumbled
+upon was still more suited to his destiny, being the expressions of
+Evander upon the untimely death of his son Pallas, lib. xi. Lord
+Falkland fell in the battle of Newbury, in 1644, and Charles was
+beheaded in 1649.</p>
+<p>The kind of divination among the Jews, termed by them Bath Kol,
+or the daughter of the voice, was not very dissimilar to the
+<i>Sortes Sanctorum</i> of the Christians. The mode of practising
+it was by appealing to the first words accidentally heard from any
+one speaking or reading. The following is an instance from the
+Talmud:&mdash;Rabbi Jochanau and Rabbi Simeon. Ben Lachish,
+desiring to see the face of R. Samuel, a Babylonish doctor: "Let us
+follow," said they, "the hearing of Bath Kol." Travelling,
+therefore, near a school, they heard the voice of a boy: reading
+these words out of the First Book of Samuel, "And Samuel died."
+They observed this, and inferred from hence that their friend
+Samuel was dead, and so they found it. Some of the ancient
+Christians too, it seems, used to go to church with a purpose of
+receiving as the will of heaven the words of scripture that were
+singing at their entrance.</p>
+<p>To pay a very great deference in opening upon a place of
+scripture, as to its affording an assurance of salvation, used to
+be a very common practice amongst the people called Methodists, but
+chiefly those of the Calvinistic persuasion; this, it is probable,
+has declined in proportion with the earnestness of these people in
+other respects. They had also another opinion, viz. that if the
+recollection of any particular text of scripture happened to arise
+in their minds, this was likewise looked upon as a kind of
+immediate revelation from heaven. This they call being presented or
+brought home to them!</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE GATHERER</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"I am but a <i>Gatherer</i> and disposer of other men's
+stuff."&mdash;<i>Wotton</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr />
+<p>Whoever the following story may be fathered on, Sir John
+Hamilton was certainly its parent. The duke of Rutland, at one of
+his levees, being at a loss (as probably most kings, princes, and
+viceroys occasionally are) for something to say to every person he
+was bound in etiquette to notice, remarked to Sir John Hamilton
+that there was "a prospect of an excellent crop:&mdash;the timely
+rain," observed the duke, "will bring every thing above ground."
+"God forbid, your excellency!" exclaimed the courtier. His
+excellency stared, whilst Sir John continued, sighing heavily as he
+spoke:&mdash;"yes, God forbid! for I have got <i>three wives</i>
+under it."&mdash;<i>Barrington's Sketches</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>It is a singular circumstance that Italia, or, as it is called
+in English, Italy, has, under all the changes and revolutions to
+which it has been subjected, always preserved its name. Every other
+country in Europe is now known to its inhabitants by other names
+than were given to it by their ancestors in the time of the Romans;
+but Italia continues to be the name of the country at the present
+day, and we have no authentic records by which we can ascertain
+that it ever bore any other.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>SINGULAR INSCRIPTION.</h3>
+<p><i>Written over the Ten Commandments in a church in
+Wales.</i></p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>PRSVRYPRFCTMN</p>
+<p>VRKPTHSPRCPTSTN</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The meaning can only be developed by adding the vowel E, which
+makes the sense thus&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Persevere ye perfect men</p>
+<p>Ever keep these precepts ten.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<p>In a new farce, supposed to have been written by Maddocks, was
+the following curious pun:&mdash;A large party of soldiers
+surprising two resurrection men in a church-yard, the officer
+seized one of them, and asked him what he had to say for himself.
+"Say, sir! why, that we came here to raise a <i>corpse</i>, and not
+a <i>regiment!</i>"</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name=
+"footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Monsieur Monge has drawn much from our countryman, Hamilton's
+work on Stereography but he has not mentioned his work.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name=
+"footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p><i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. xxx.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name=
+"footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>By Bacchus! what a worthy man is the Vice Chancellor, the
+Chevalier Leach! gods! what a taste for music; i' faith he has
+gained the hearts of all the Neapolitan ladies.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name=
+"footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>Our blessed Saviour chose the garden sometime for his oratory,
+and, dying, for the place of his sepulture; and we also do avouch,
+for many weighty causes, that there are none more fit to bury our
+dead in than in our gardens and groves where our beds may he decked
+with verdant and fragrant flowers. Trees and perennial plants, the
+most natural and instructive hieroglyphics of our expected
+resurrection and immortality, besides what they might conduce to
+the meditation of the living, and the taking off our cogitations
+from dwelling too intently upon more vain and sensual objects: that
+custom of burying in churches, and near about them, especially in
+great and populous cities, being both a novel presumption,
+indecent, and very prejudicial to health.&mdash;<i>Evelyn's
+Discourse on Forest Trees</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, London;
+sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11387 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11387 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11387)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 273, September 15, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11387]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 273 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, L. Barber, David King, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 273. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1827. PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+GASPARD MONGE'S MAUSOLEUM.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+Sir,--As one of your correspondents has favoured you with a drawing of
+the gaol I designed for the city and county of Norwich, with which you
+have embellished a recent number of the MIRROR, I flatter myself that an
+engraving from the drawing I herewith send you of the mausoleum of
+Gaspard Monge, which I drew while at Paris, in 1822, will also be
+interesting to the readers of your valuable little miscellany. Gaspard
+Monge, whose remains are deposited in the burying ground in Pere la
+Chaise, at Paris, in a magnificent mausoleum, was professor of geometry
+in the Polytechnique School at Paris, and with Denon accompanied
+Napoleon Bonaparte on his memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make
+drawings of the architectural antiquities and sculpture, and the other
+the geographical delineations of that ancient country. He returned to
+Paris, where he assisted Denon in the publication of his antiquities. At
+his decease the pupils of the Polytechnique School erected this
+mausoleum to his memory, as a testimony of their esteem, after a design
+made by his friend, Monsieur Denon. The mausoleum is of Egyptian
+architecture, with which Denon had become familiarly acquainted.
+
+There is a bust of Monge placed on a terminal pedestal underneath a
+canopy in the upper compartment, which canopy is open in front and in
+the back. In the crown cavetto of the cornice is an Egyptian winged
+globe, entwined with serpents, emblematical of time and eternity; and on
+the faci below is engraved the following line:--
+
+    A. GASPARD MONGE.
+
+On each side of the upper compartment is inscribed the following
+_memento mori_:
+
+    LES ELEVES
+    DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE.
+    A.G. MONGE.
+    COMTE DE PELUSE.
+
+Underneath this inscription is carved in sunk work an Egyptian lotus
+flower in an upright position; on the back of the mausoleum is the date
+of the year in which Gaspard Monge died. The body is in the cemetery
+below.
+
+    AN. MDCCCXX.
+
+Monge was a man of considerable merit as a geometrician, and, while
+living, stood preeminent above his contemporaries in the French school
+of that day. He is the author of several works, but his most popular one
+is entitled "Gèomètrie Descriptive. par G. Monge, de l'Institut des
+Sciences, Lettres et Arts, de l'Ecole Polytechnique; Membre du Sénat
+Conservateur, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honeur et Cointe de
+l'Empire."
+
+The programme to this work is interesting, as it urges the necessity of
+making geometry a branch of the national education, and points out the
+beneficial results that would arise therefrom. The following is the
+translation:--
+
+To draw the French nation from the dependence, which, even in the
+present day it is obliged to place in foreign industry, it is necessary
+first to direct the national education towards the knowledge of those
+objects which require a correctness which hitherto has been totally
+neglected; to accustom the hands of our artists to the management of the
+various instruments that are necessary to measure the different degrees
+of work, and to execute them with precision; then the finisher becomes
+sensible of the accuracy it will require in the different works, and he
+will be enabled to set the necessary value on it. For our artists to
+become, from their youth, familiar with geometry, and to be in a
+condition to attain it, it is necessary in the second place to render
+popular the knowledge of a great number of natural phenomena that are
+indispensable to the progress of industry; they will then profit for the
+advancement of the general instruction of the nation, which by a
+fortunate circumstance it has at its disposal, the principal resources
+that are necessary for it. Lastly, it is requisite to extend among our
+artists the knowledge of the advancement of the arts and that of
+machines, whose object is either to diminish manual labour or to give to
+the result of labour more uniformity and precision; and on those heads
+it must be confessed we have much to draw from foreign nations.[1] All
+these views can only be accomplished by giving a new turn to national
+education.
+
+    [1] Monsieur Monge has drawn much from our countryman,
+    Hamilton's work on Stereography but he has not mentioned his
+    work.
+
+This is to be done, in the first place, by making all intelligent young
+men (who are born with a fortune) familiar with the use of descriptive
+geometry, so that they may be able to employ their capital more
+profitably both for themselves and the nation, and also for those who
+have no other fortune than their education, so that their labour will
+bring them the greater reward. This art has two principal objects, the
+first to represent with exactness, from drawings which have only two
+dimensions, objects which have three, and which are susceptible of a
+strict definition; under this point of view it is a language necessary
+to the man of genius when he conceives a project, and to those who are
+to have the direction of it; and lastly, to the artists who are
+themselves to execute the different parts.
+
+The second object of descriptive geometry, is to deduce from the exact
+description of bodies all that necessarily follows of their forms and
+their respective positions; in this sense it is a means of seeking
+truth, as it offers perpetual examples of the passage from what is known
+to what is unknown, and as it is always applied to objects susceptible
+of the minutest evidence, it is necessary that it should form part of
+the plan of a national education. It is not only fit to exercise the
+intellectual faculties of a great people, and to contribute thereby to
+the perfection of mankind, but it is also indispensable to all workmen,
+whose end is to give to certain bodies determined forms, and it is
+principally owing to the methods of this art having been too little
+extended, or in fact almost entirely neglected, that the progress of our
+industry has been so slow. We shall contribute then to give an
+advantageous direction to national education, by making our young artist
+familiar with the application of descriptive geometry, to the graphic
+constructions which are necessary in the greater number of the arts, and
+in making use of this geometry in the representation and determination
+of the elements of machinery, by means of which, man by the aid of the
+forces of nature, reserves for himself, in a manner, in his operations
+no other labour than that of his intellects. It is no less advantageous
+to extend the knowledge of those phenomena of nature which may be turned
+to the profit of the arts. The charm which accompanies them will
+overcome the repugnance that men have in general for manual operations,
+(which most regard as painful and laborious,) as it will make them find
+pleasure in the exercise of their intellect; thus there ought to be in
+the formal school a course of descriptive geometry.
+
+As yet we have no well compiled elementary work on that art, because
+till this time learned men have taken too little interest in it, or it
+has only been practised in an obscure manner by persons whose education
+had not been sufficiently extended, and were unable to communicate the
+result of their lucubrations. A course simply oral would be absolutely
+without effect. It is necessary then, for the course of descriptive
+geometry, that practice and execution be joined to the hearing of
+methods; thus pupils will be exercised in graphic construction of
+descriptive geometry. The graphic arts have general methods with which
+we can only become familiar by the use of the rule and compass. Among
+the different applications that may be made of descriptive geometry,
+there are _two_ which are remarkable, both for their universality and
+their ingenuity; these are the constructions of _perspective_ and the
+strict determination of the _shadows_. These two parts may finally be
+considered as the completion of the art of describing objects.
+
+R. BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+AN IDLER'S ALBUM; OR, SKETCHES OF MEN AND THINGS.
+
+
+THE RADIANT BOY.
+
+
+It is now more than twenty years since the late Lord Londonderry was,
+for the first time, on a visit to a gentleman in the north of Ireland.
+The mansion was such a one as spectres are fabled to inhabit. It was
+associated with many recollections of historic times, and the sombre
+character of its architecture, and the wildness of its surrounding
+scenery, were calculated to impress the soul with that tone of
+melancholy and elevation, which,--if it be not considered as a
+predisposition to welcome the visitation of those unearthly substances
+that are impalpable to our sight in moments of less hallowed
+sentiment,--is indisputably the state of mind in which the imagination
+is most readily excited, and the understanding most favourably inclined
+to grant a credulous reception to its visions. The apartment also which
+was appropriated to Lord Londonderry, was calculated to foster such a
+tone of feeling. From its antique appointments; from the dark and
+richly-carved panels of its wainscot; from its yawning width and height
+of chimney--looking like the open entrance to a tomb, of which the
+surrounding ornaments appeared to form the sculptures and the
+entablature;--from the portraits of grim men and severe-eyed women,
+arrayed in orderly procession along the walls, and scowling a
+contemptuous enmity against the degenerate invader of their gloomy
+bowers and venerable halls; from the vast, dusky, ponderous, and
+complicated draperies that concealed the windows, and hung with the
+gloomy grandeur of funereal trappings about the hearse-like piece of
+furniture that was destined for his bed,--Lord L., on entering his
+apartment, might be conscious of some mental depression, and surrounded
+by such a world of melancholy images, might, perhaps, feel himself more
+than usually inclined to submit to the influences of superstition. It is
+not possible that these sentiments should have been allied to any
+feelings of apprehension. Fear is acknowledged to be a most mighty
+master over the visions of the imagination. It can "call spirits from
+the vasty deep"--and they do come, when it does call for them. It
+trembles at the anticipation of approaching evil, and then encounters in
+every passing shadow the substance of the dream it trembled at. But such
+could not have been the origin of the form which addressed itself to the
+view of Lord Londonderry. Fear is a quality that was never known to
+mingle in the character of a Stewart. Lord Londonderry examined his
+chamber--he made himself acquainted with the forms and faces of the
+ancient possessors of the mansion, who sat up right in their ebony
+frames to receive his salutation; and then, after dismissing his valet,
+he retired to bed. His candles had not been long extinguished, when he
+perceived a light gleaming on the draperies of the lofty canopy over his
+head. Conscious that there was no fire in the grate--that the curtains
+were closed--that the chamber had been in perfect darkness but a few
+moments before, he supposed that some intruder must have accidentally
+entered his apartment; and, turning hastily round to the side from which
+the light proceeded--saw--to his infinite astonishment--not the form of
+any human visiter--but the figure of a fair boy, who seemed to be
+garmented in rays of mild and tempered glory, which beamed palely from
+his slender form, like the faint light of the declining moon, and
+rendered the objects which were nearest to him dimly and indistinctly
+visible. The spirit stood at some short distance from the side of the
+bed. Certain that his own faculties were not deceiving him, but
+suspecting that he might be imposed upon by the ingenuity of some of the
+numerous guests who were then visiting in the same house, Lord
+Londonderry proceeded towards the figure. It retreated before him. As he
+slowly advanced, the form, with equal paces, slowly retired. It entered
+the vast arch of the capacious chimney, and then sunk into the earth.
+Lord L. returned to his bed; but not to rest. His mind was harassed by
+the consideration of the extraordinary event which had occurred to him.
+Was it real?--was it the work of imagination?--was it the result of
+imposture?--It was all incomprehensible. He resolved in the morning not
+to mention the appearance till he should have well observed the manners
+and the countenances of the family: he was conscious that, if any
+deception had been practised, its authors would be too delighted with
+their success to conceal the vanity of their triumph. When the guests
+assembled at the breakfast-table, the eye of Lord Londonderry searched
+in vain for those latent smiles--those cunning looks--that silent
+communication between the parties--by which the authors and abettors of
+such domestic conspiracies are generally betrayed. Every thing
+apparently proceeded in its ordinary course. The conversation flowed
+rapidly along from the subjects afforded at the moment, without any of
+the constraint which marks a party intent upon some secret and more
+interesting argument, and endeavouring to afford an opportunity for its
+introduction. At last the hero of the tale found himself compelled to
+mention the occurrences of the night. It was most extraordinary--he
+feared that he should not be credited: and then, after all due
+preparation, the story was related. Those among his auditors who, like
+himself, were strangers and visiters in the house, were certain that
+some delusion must have been practised. The family alone seemed
+perfectly composed and calm. At last, the gentleman whom Lord
+Londonderry was visiting, interrupted their various surmises on the
+subject by saying:--"The circumstance which you have just recounted must
+naturally appear most extraordinary to those who have not long been
+inmates of my dwelling, and are not conversant with the legends
+connected with my family; to those who are, the event which has happened
+will only serve as the corroboration of an old tradition that long has
+been related of the apartment in which you slept. You have seen _the
+Radiant Boy_; and it is an omen of prosperous fortunes;--I would rather
+that this subject should no more be mentioned."
+
+The above adventure is one very commonly reported of the late Marquis of
+Londonderry; and is given on the authority of a gentleman, to whom that
+nobleman himself related it.--_The Album_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CROSS ROADS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Methought upon a mountain's brow
+    Stood Glory, gazing round him;
+  And in the silent vale below
+    Lay Love, where Fancy found him;
+  While distant o'er the yellow plain
+  Glittering Wealth held wide domain.
+
+  Glory was robed in light; and trod
+    A brilliant track before him,
+  He gazed with ardour, like a god,
+    And grasp'd at heaven o'er him;
+  The meteor's flash his beaming eye,
+  The trumpet's shriek his melody.
+
+  But Love was robed in roses sweet,
+    And zephyrs murmur'd nigh him,
+  Flowers were blooming at his feet,
+    And birds were warbling by him:
+  His eyes soft radiance seem'd to wear,
+  For tears and smiles were blended there.
+
+  Gay Wealth a gorgeous train display'd.
+    (And Fancy soon espied him,)
+  Supine, in splendid garb array'd,
+    With Luxury beside him;
+  He dwelt beneath a lofty dome,
+  Which Pride and Pleasure made their home.
+
+  Well; seeking Happiness, I sped,
+    And, as Hope hover'd o'er me,
+  I ask'd which way the nymph had fled,
+    For _four roads_ met before me--
+  Whether she'd climb'd the height above,
+  Or bask'd with Wealth, or slept with Love?
+
+  I paus'd--for in the lonely path,
+    'Neath gloomy willows weeping,
+  Wrapt in his shroud of sullen wrath,
+    The _Suicide_ was sleeping,
+  A scathed yew-tree's wither'd limb,
+  To mark the spot, frown'd o'er him.
+
+  I wept--to think my fellow-man,
+    (To madness often driven,)
+  Pursue false Glory's phantoms, then
+    Lose happiness and heaven:
+  I wept--for oh! it seem'd to be
+  A mournful moral meant for me!
+
+  But lo! an aged traveller came,
+    By Wisdom sent to guide me,
+  Experience was the pilgrim's name,
+    And thus he seem'd to chide me--
+  "Fool! Happiness is gone the road
+  That leads to Virtue's calm abode!"
+
+JESSE HAMMOND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MY COMMON-PLACE BOOK.
+
+NO. XXI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORDEALS.
+
+
+Four kinds of ordeals were chiefly used by our German ancestors:--1.
+"The Kamp fight," or combat; during which the spectators were to be
+silent and quiet, on pain of losing an arm or leg; an executioner with a
+sharp axe. 2. "The fire ordeal," in which the accused might clear his
+innocence by holding _red-hot_ iron in his hands, or by walking
+blind-fold amidst fiery ploughshares. 3. "The hot-water ordeal," much of
+the nature as the last. 4. "The cold-water ordeal:" this need not be
+explained, since it is looked on as supreme when a witch is in question.
+The cross ordeal was reserved for the clergy. These, if accused, might
+prove their innocence by swallowing two consecrated morsels taken from
+the altar after proper prayers. If these fragments stuck in the priest's
+throat he stood _ipse facto_--condemned; but we have no record of
+condemnation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEMS.
+
+
+Forgive not the man who gives you _bad_ wine more than once. It is more
+than an injury. Cut the acquaintance as you value your life.
+
+If you see half-a-dozen faults in a woman, you may rest assured she has
+a hundred virtues to counterbalance them. I love your faulty, and fear
+your _faultless women_. When you see what is termed a faultless woman,
+dread her as you would a beautiful snake. The power of completely
+concealing the defects that she must have, is of itself a serious vice.
+
+If you find no more books in a man's room, save some four or five,
+including the red-book and the general almanac, you may set down the
+individual as a man of genius, or an ass;--there is no medium.
+
+The eye is never to be mistaken. A person may discipline the muscles of
+the face and voice, but there is a something in the eye beyond the will,
+and we thus frequently find it giving the tongue the lie direct.
+
+I never knew a truly estimable man offer a finger, it is ever a sign of
+a cold heart; and he who is heartless is positively worthless, though he
+may be negatively harmless.
+
+Cut the acquaintance of any lady who signs a letter with "_yours
+obediently_."
+
+Always act in the presence of children with the utmost circumspection.
+They mark all you do, and most of them are more wise than you may
+imagine.
+
+Men of genius make the most ductile husbands. A fool has too much
+opinion of his own dear self, and too little of women's to be easily
+governed.
+
+A passion for sweetmeats, and a weak intellect, generally go together.
+
+I have known many fools to be gluttons, but never knew one that was an
+epicure.
+
+The affection of women is the most wonderful thing in the world; it
+tires not--faints not--dreads not--cools not. It is like the Naptha that
+nothing can extinguish but the trampling foot of death.
+
+There is a language in flowers, which is very eloquent--a philosophy
+that is instructive. Nature appears to have made them as emblems of
+women. The timid snow-drop, the modest violet, the languid primrose, the
+coy lily, the flaunting tulip, the smart marigold, the lowly blushing
+daisy, the proud foxglove, the deadly nightshade, the sleepy poppy, and
+the sweet solitary eglantine, are all types.
+
+W.C. B---- M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are a set of malicious, prating, prudent gossips, both male and
+female, who murder characters to kill time; and will rob a young fellow
+of his good name before he has years to know the value of
+it.--_Sheridan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XII.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BURMESE EXECUTION.
+
+
+The scene took place at Rangoon, and the sufferers were men of desperate
+characters, who merited death. At a short distance from the town, on the
+road known to the army by the name of the Forty-first Lines, is a small
+open space, which formerly was railed in: and here all criminals used to
+be executed. On this occasion several gibbets, about the height of a
+man, were erected, and a large crowd of Burmans assembled to feast their
+eyes on the sanguinary scene that was to follow.
+
+When the criminals arrived, they were tied within wooden frames, with
+extended arms and legs, and the head-executioner going round to each,
+marked with a piece of chalk, on the side of the men, in what direction
+his assistant (who stood behind him with a sharpened knife,) was to make
+the incision. On one man he described a circle on the side; another had
+a straight line marked down the centre of his stomach; a third was
+doomed to some other mode of death; and some were favoured by being
+decapitated. These preparations being completed, the assistant
+approached the man marked with a circle, and seizing a knife, plunged it
+up to the hilt in his side, then slowly and deliberately turning it
+round, he finished the circle! The poor wretch rolled his eyes in
+inexpressible agony, groaned, and soon after expired; thus depriving
+these human fiends of the satisfaction his prolonged torments would have
+afforded them. The rest suffered in the same manner; and, from the
+specimens I have seen of mangled corpses, I do not think this account
+overdrawn. Hanging is a punishment that seldom, if ever, takes place.
+
+The manner in which slighter punishments are made is peculiar to the
+Burmans, and, as nearly as I can make it out, according to our
+pronunciation, is called "toung." The delinquent is obliged to kneel
+down, and a man stands over him with a bent elbow and clenched fist. He
+first rapidly strikes him on the head with his elbow, and then slides it
+down until his knuckles repeat the blow, the elbow at the same time
+giving a violent smack on the shoulders. This is repeated until it
+becomes a very severe punishment, which may be carried to great
+excess.--_Two Years in Ava_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BILL OF FARE AT AN ANCIENT INSTALMENT.
+
+
+The following is a true copy of the original lodged in the Tower of
+London:[2]--
+
+George Nevil, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, at his instalment
+into his archbishopric of York, in the year 1470, made a feast for the
+nobility, gentry, and clergy, wherein he spent:
+
+     300 quartrs of wheat
+     300 ton of ale
+     104 ton of wine
+       1 pipe of spic'd w.
+      80 fat oxen
+       6 wild bulls
+     300 pigs
+    1004 wethers
+     300 hogs
+     300 calves
+    3000 geese
+    3000 capons
+     100 peacocks
+     200 cranes
+     200 kids
+    2000 chickens
+    4000 pidgeons
+    4000 rabitts
+     204 bitterns
+    4000 ducks
+     400 hernsies
+     200 pheasants
+     500 partridges
+    4000 woodcocks
+     400 plovers
+     100 carlews
+     100 quails
+    1000 eggets
+     200 rees
+    4000 bucks and does, and roebucks
+     155 hot venison pasties
+    1000 dishes of jellies
+    4000 cold venison past
+    2000 hot custards
+    4000 ditto cold
+     400 tarts
+     300 pikes
+     300 breams
+       8 seals
+       4 porpusses
+
+At this feast the Earl of Warwick was steward; the Earl of Bedford
+treasurer; the Lord Hastings comptroller, with many noble officers
+servitors.
+
+1000 cooks. 62 kitchiners. 515 scullions.
+
+    [2] _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxx.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SERGEANT'S WIFE.
+
+
+A drama, named as above, has been played with eminent success during the
+present season at the English Opera House. The plot is founded on the
+following horrible occurrence, which actually took place in Ireland in
+the year 1813, and which we extract from the columns of an Irish paper
+of the same date. The narrative is powerfully worked up in _The
+Nowlans_, in the second series of the _O'Hara Tales_, and Mr. Banim is
+the author both of the novel and the drama:--
+
+"The speech of George Smith, William Smith, and James Smith, who were
+lately executed at Longford for the murder of James Reilly, a pedlar,
+near Lanes-borough, has been published. It gives the following
+description of the inhuman crime for which they suffered:
+
+"The discovery of this murder, as decreed by the Almighty, was made by
+Margaret Armstrong, the wife of Sergeant Armstrong, of the 27th regiment
+of foot, on the recruiting service in Athlone. She was going to her
+husband, when she was overtaken by this dealing man. He asked her how
+far she was going--she answered to Athlone, to her husband, and said as
+it was getting late, and being scarce of money, she would make good her
+way that night. He then replied, 'my poor woman, let not that hurry you,
+I am going to Athlone myself, and there is a lodging at the next cross
+at which I mean to stop, be advised, and go no farther to-night, and I
+will pay your expenses.' When they came to the house, he asked for a bed
+for himself and another for the woman, and called for supper; when that
+was over, he paid the bill, and taking out his pocket-book, he counted
+150_l._ which he gave in charge to George Smith, and retired to bed; the
+woman likewise went to her's, the family sat up till twelve; after
+which, when the man was fast asleep and all was silent, we, (the three
+Smiths) went into the room where the man lay; we dragged him out of bed,
+and cut his throat from ear to ear; we saved his blood in a pewter dish,
+and put the body into a flaxseed barrel, among feathers, in which we
+covered it up. Take care, and do the same with the woman, _said our
+mother_. We accordingly went to her bedside, and saw her hands extended
+out of the bed; we held a candle to her eyes, but she did not stir
+during the whole time, as God was on her side; for had we supposed that
+she had seen the murder committed by us, she would have shared the same
+fate with the deceased man. Next morning when she arose, she asked was
+the man up? We made answer, that he was gone two hours before, left
+sixpence for her, and took her bundle with him. 'No matter,' said she,
+'for I will see him in Athlone.' When she went away, I (George Smith)
+dressed myself in my sister's clothes, and having crossed the fields,
+met her, I asked her how far she was going? She said to Athlone: I then
+asked her where she lodged? She told me at one Smith's, a very decent
+house, where she met very good entertainment. 'That house bears a bad
+name,' said I. 'I have not that to say of them,' said she, 'for they
+gave me good usage.' It was not long until we saw a sergeant and two
+recruits coming up the road; upon which she cried out, 'here is my
+husband coming to meet me; he knew I was coming to him.' I immediately
+turned off the road, and made back to the house. When she met her
+husband, she fainted; and on recovering, she told him of the murder, and
+how she escaped with her life. The husband went immediately and got
+guards, and had us taken prisoners; the house was searched, and the
+mangled body found in the barrel." The three monsters were, it is
+mentioned, ordered for execution from the dock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS.
+
+
+  Notings, selections,
+    Anecdote and joke:
+  Our recollections;
+    With gravities for graver folk.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BAR--THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.
+
+
+It must be admitted (talking of the late _Vice_) that he really was
+enough to annoy any sober staid master, by his frolics and gambols since
+he has been made a judge. I remember him a quiet good sort of man
+enough: with a bed-room and kitchen in the area of No. 11, New-square;
+and his dining-room above, serving also for consultations: and his
+going, now and then, only to have a game of whist and glass of negus at
+Serle's;--but, now, he is a perfect _Monsieur Tonson_ to all continental
+travellers. Never can you take up the police-book at the hotels, on the
+road to Italy, without _Sir John Leach_ staring you in the face. The
+other day at the _Cloche_ at Dijon (I will never go there again, and beg
+Sir John to do me the favour to withdraw his patronage also,--the _Parc_
+is worth twenty of it), yawning over my bottle of _Cote d'Or_, I
+inquired of the waiter who of my "land's language" had lately been
+there. "Vy, Sare, ve have de Milor Leash." "Lord Leash?"--"Oui,
+Monsieur;--mais, Fanchette, apportez le livre ici pour Monsieur--le
+voila."--"Ah, ha! Sir John Leach; I see."--"Ah qu'il est bon enfant!
+qu'il est gai!" exclaimed the _garcon_. "Ah! qu'il est aimable!" sighed
+Fanchette--Enter De Molin the banker's little bureau at Lausanne--(by
+the way, it is the favourite chamber of Gibbon the historian, and if you
+pay the house a visit from motives of curiosity respecting its former
+occupant, you will be happy to be allowed to remain and converse with
+the actual owner, for a more honourable, liberal, and better-informed
+man, does not exist)--there, I say, in the glass over the mantlepiece,
+will you see the card of _Sir John Leach_. Milan--Florence--the same. At
+Torlogna's the same. Then at Naples: go to San Carlos'; and if you get
+behind the scenes, ask for Braccini, the _poetá_ of the theatre, who has
+been long in England; "Cospetto di Bacco!" he will exclaim: "il degn
+uomo, quel Vice Cancelliere: il Cavaliere _Licci!_--Gran Dio! quale
+talento per la musica!-Cappari! egli ha guadagnato i cuori di tutte le
+donne Napolitane."[3] I certainly expect to hear him some day astonish
+the bar, by unwittingly striking up "O Pescator delle onde," or "Sul
+margine del Rio," in the Rolls Court; and, as in ancient Greece ('tis
+said) pleadings were chanted, let us yet hope to hear an argument
+preferred to the tune of "They are a' noddin, noddin, noddin;" an answer
+stated _andante_; a reply given in a _bravura_, and judgment pronounced
+_presto_. With all his faults (if they be such, which I do not admit),
+the present Master of the Rolls is a good judge, and an able man;--"un
+peu vif, peut-etre," as Fanchette might say; and it is more agreeable
+than otherwise, to see one who has devoted his life to the study of the
+law, enjoying himself in lighter pursuits, after having attained rank
+and dignity in the profession; and after having punctually and
+satisfactorily executed the important duties of the day, seeking at its
+close, and participating in the gaiety which society offers. It speaks a
+good heart and cheerful temper; whereas, when we hear a distaste
+declared for music, and that of the highest character, we cannot but
+call to mind "He who has not the concord of sweet sounds" within
+himself;--but I will not pursue the quotation. Besides, were there
+persons fools enough to blame Sir John for his social propensities, he
+might answer them as the Parisian coachman did.--"What was that?"--"Why,
+a French Jehu was tried in 1818, for some accident caused by his
+cabriolet, before the Criminal Court of Paris; when, having heard the
+evidence, the President of the Tribunal declared that he stood
+acquitted, but that the court felt it its duty to blame him, and that he
+was blamed accordingly." "Blamed!" exclaimed Jehu; "Blamed!--I don't
+quite understand your Honor;--but--but--will it prevent my handling the
+ribands, and driving the _wehicle_?"--"No!" said the judge. "Then, with
+all respect for your Honor, I just laugh at it," said coachee, bowing.
+"And so do I," said the president also, in rising to leave the
+court.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+    [3] By Bacchus! what a worthy man is the Vice Chancellor, the
+    Chevalier Leach! gods! what a taste for music; i' faith he has
+    gained the hearts of all the Neapolitan ladies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL.
+
+
+These _Cartoons_ were executed by the famous Raphael, while engaged in
+the chambers of the Vatican, under the auspices of Pope Julius II. and
+Leo X. As soon as they were finished, they were sent to Flanders to be
+copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontifical apartments; but the
+tapestries were not conveyed to Rome till after the decease of Raphael,
+and probably not before the dreadful sack of that city in 1527, under
+the pontificate of Clement VII; when Raphael's scholars having fled from
+thence, none were left to inquire after the original Cartoons, which lay
+neglected in the storerooms of the manufactory, the money for the
+tapestry having never been paid. The revolution that happened soon after
+in the low countries prevented their being noticed during a period in
+which works of art were wholly neglected. They were purchased by king
+Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens, but had been much injured by
+the weavers. At the sale of the royal pictures in 1653, these Cartoons
+were purchased for 300_l_. by Oliver Cromwell, against whom no one would
+presume to bid. The protector pawned them to the Dutch court for upwards
+of 50,000_l._, and, after the revolution, King William brought them over
+again to England, and built a gallery for their reception in Hampton
+Court. Originally there were twelve of these Cartoons, but four of them
+have been destroyed by damps and neglect. The subjects were the
+adoration of the Magi, the conversion of St. Paul, the martyrdom of St.
+Stephen and St. Paul before Felix and Agrippa. Two of these were in the
+possession of the King of Sardinia, and two of Louis XIV. of France, who
+is said to have offered 100,000 louis d'ors for the seven, which are
+justly represented as "the glory of England, and the envy of all other
+polite nations." The twelfth, the subject of which was the murder of the
+innocents, belonged to a private gentleman in England, who pledged it
+for a sum of money; but when the person who had taken this valuable
+deposit found it was to be redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing; for
+which the gentleman brought an action against him. A third part of it is
+still remaining in the possession of William Hoare, R.A., at Bath.
+
+_Cartoon_ is derived from the Italian _cartone_, a painting or drawing
+upon large paper. Raphael died on the same day of the year on which he
+was born, Good Friday, in 1520, at the age of thirty-seven, deeply
+lamented by all who knew his value. His body lay for awhile in state in
+one of the rooms wherein he had displayed the powers of his mind, and he
+was honoured with a public funeral; his last produce, the
+_transfiguration_, being carried before him in the procession. The
+unrelenting hand of death (says his biographer) set a period to his
+labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talents,
+when he had only attained an age at which most other men are but
+beginning to be useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear
+him stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his
+lips."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. WRITTEN ON VISITING WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+
+  My murder'd queen, as on thine image once
+  The gaze alike of prince and peasant rested--
+  As if, unsated of thy thrilling glance,
+  They never until then of beauty tasted:
+  So I, by lonely contemplation led
+  To muse awhile amid the silent dead--
+  Turn me from all around I hear or see--
+  From all of Shakspeare and of great to thee:
+  And think on all thy wrongs--on all the shame
+  That dims for ever thine oppressor's name;
+  On all thy faults, nor few nor far between,
+  But then thou wert--a woman and a queen.
+  Proud titles, even in a barb'rous age,
+  To stem th' impetuous tide of party rage;
+  While as I gaze each well-known feature seems
+  To stir with life, and realise my dreams
+  That paint thee seated on the Scottish throne,
+  With all the blaze of beauty round thee thrown;
+  Then see thee passing from thy dungeon cell,
+  And hear thy parting sigh--thy last farewell.
+
+_Stray Leaves._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANCIENT GRECIAN SEPULCHRE
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A beautiful illustration of an ancient Grecian sepulchre or funeral
+chamber, heads the second chapter of Mr. Britton's "Union of
+Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting," from which work we have copied
+the annexed engraved view. The interior of the chamber exhibits a
+skeleton and the urns containing the ashes of the dead. The combat leads
+us to the conclusion, that the tomb contains the remains of a chief; for
+it was the barbarous custom of the Greeks to sacrifice captives at the
+tombs of their heroes.
+
+Of the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Greeks and other nations, we
+subjoin the following:--
+
+The most simple and natural kind of funeral monuments, and therefore the
+most ancient and universal, consist in a mound of earth, or a heap of
+stones, raised over the ashes of the departed: of such monuments mention
+is made in the Book of Joshua, and in Homer and Virgil. Many of them
+still occur in various parts of this kingdom, especially in those
+elevated and sequestered situations where they have neither been defaced
+by agriculture nor inundation.
+
+The ancients are said to have buried their dead in their own houses,
+whence, according to some, the original of that species of idolatry
+consisting in the worship of household gods.
+
+The place of burial amongst the Jews was never particularly determined.
+We find that they had burial-places upon the highways, in gardens, and
+upon mountains. We read, that Abraham was buried with Sarah, his wife,
+in the cave of Macphelah, in the field of Ephron, and Uzziah, King of
+Judah, slept with his fathers in the field of the burial which pertained
+to the kings.
+
+The primitive Greeks were buried in places prepared for that purpose in
+their own houses; but in after ages they adopted the judicious practice
+of establishing the burial grounds in desert islands, and outside the
+walls of towns, by that means securing them from profanation, and
+themselves from the liability of catching infection from those who had
+died of contagious disorders.
+
+The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from a sacred
+and civil consideration, that the priests might not be contaminated by
+touching a dead body, and that houses might not be endangered by the
+frequency of funeral fires.
+
+The custom of burning the dead had its foundation laid deep in nature:
+an anxious fondness to preserve the great and good, the dear friend and
+the near relative, was the sole motive that prevailed in the institution
+of this solemnity. "That seems to me," says Cicero, "to have been the
+most ancient kind of burial, which, according to Xenophon, was used by
+Cyrus. For the body is returned to the earth, and so placed as to be
+covered with the veil of its mother." Pliny also agrees with Cicero upon
+this point, and says the custom of burial preceded that of burning among
+the Romans. According to Monfauçon, the custom of burning entirely
+ceased at Rome about the time of Theodorius the younger. When cremation
+ceased on the introduction of Christianity, the believing Romans,
+together with the Romanized and converted Britons, would necessarily, as
+it is observed by Mr. Grough, "betake themselves to the use of
+sarcophagi (or coffins,) and probably of various kinds, stone, marble,
+lead," &c. They would likewise now first place the body in a position
+due east and west, and thus bestow an unequivocal mark of distinction
+between the funeral deposit of the earliest Roman inhabitants of this
+island, and their Christian successors. The usual places of interment
+were in fields or gardens,[4] near the highway, to be conspicuous, and
+to remind the passengers how transient everything is, that wears the
+garb of mortality. By this means, also, they saved the best part of
+their land:
+
+  --Experiar quid concedatur in illos
+  Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.
+                _Juv. Sat I._
+
+The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their lifetime.
+Hence these words frequently occur in ancient inscriptions, V.F. Vivus
+Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs of the rich were usually
+constructed of marble, the ground enclosed with walls, and planted round
+with trees. But common sepulchres were usually built below ground, and
+called hypogea. There were niches cut out of the walls, in which the
+urns were placed: these, from their resemblance to the niche of a
+pigeon-house, were called columbaria.
+
+    [4] Our blessed Saviour chose the garden sometime for his
+    oratory, and, dying, for the place of his sepulture; and we also
+    do avouch, for many weighty causes, that there are none more fit
+    to bury our dead in than in our gardens and groves where our
+    beds may he decked with verdant and fragrant flowers. Trees and
+    perennial plants, the most natural and instructive hieroglyphics
+    of our expected resurrection and immortality, besides what they
+    might conduce to the meditation of the living, and the taking
+    off our cogitations from dwelling too intently upon more vain
+    and sensual objects: that custom of burying in churches, and
+    near about them, especially in great and populous cities, being
+    both a novel presumption, indecent, and very prejudicial to
+    health.--_Evelyn's Discourse on Forest Trees_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY.
+
+
+I am fond of travelling: yet I never undertake a journey without
+experiencing a vague feeling of melancholy. There is to me something
+strangely oppressive in the preliminaries of departure. The packing of a
+small valise; the settlement of accounts--justly pronounced by Rabelais
+a _blue-devilish_ process; the regulation of books and papers;--in
+short, the whole routine of valedictory arrangements, are to me as a
+nightmare on the waking spirit. They induce a mood of last wills and
+testaments--a sense of dislocation, which, next to a vacuum, Nature
+abhors--and create a species of moral decomposition, not unlike that
+effected on matter by chemical agency. It is not that I have to lament
+the disruption of social connexions or domestic ties. This, I am aware,
+is a trial sometimes borne with exemplary fortitude; and I was lately
+edified by the magnanimous unconcern with which a married friend of mine
+sang the last verse of "Home! sweet home!" as the chaise which was to
+convey him from the _burthen_ of his song drove up to the door. It does
+not become a bachelor to speculate on the mysteries of matrimonial
+philosophy; but the feeling of pain with which _I_ enter on the task of
+migration has no affinity with individual sympathies, or even with
+domiciliary attachments. My landlady is, without exception, the ugliest
+woman in London; and the locality of Elbow-lane cannot be supposed
+absolutely to spellbind the affection of one occupying, as I do,
+solitary chambers on the third floor.
+
+The case, it may be supposed, is much worse when it is my lot to take
+leave, after passing a few weeks at the house of a friend in the
+country;--a house, for instance, such as is to be met with only in
+England:--with about twenty acres of lawn, but no park; with a
+shrubbery, but no made-grounds; with well-furnished rooms, but no
+conservatory; and with a garden, in which dandy tulips and high-bred
+anemones do not disdain the fellowship of honest artichokes and laughing
+cauliflowers--no bad illustration of the republican union of comfort
+with elegance which reigns through the whole establishment. The master
+of the mansion, perhaps an old and valued schoolfellow:--his wife, a
+well-bred, accomplished, and still beautiful woman--cordial, without
+vulgarity--refined, without pretension--and informed, without a shade of
+blue! Their children!... But my reader will complete the picture, and
+imagine, better than I can describe, how one of my temperament must
+suffer at quitting such a scene. At six o'clock on the dreaded morning,
+the friendly old butler knocks at my room-door, to warn me that the mail
+will pass in half an hour at the end of the green lane. On descending to
+the parlour, I find that my old friend has, in spite of our over-night
+agreement and a slight touch of gout, come down to see me off. His
+amiable lady is pouring out for me a cup of tea--assuring me that she
+would be quite unhappy at allowing me to depart without that
+indispensable prelude to a journey. A gig waits at the door: my
+affectionate host will not permit me to walk even half a mile. The
+minutes pass unheeded; till, with a face of busy but cordial concern,
+the old butler reminds me that the mail is at hand. I bid a hasty and
+agitated farewell, and turn with loathing to the forced companionship of
+a public vehicle.
+
+My anti-leave-taking foible is certainly not so much affected when I
+quit the residence of an hotel--that public home--that wearisome
+resting-place--that epitome of the world--that compound of gregarious
+incompatibilities--that bazaar of character--that proper resort of
+semi-social egotism and unamalgable individualities--that troublous
+haven, where the vessel may ride and tack, half-sheltered, but finds no
+anchorage. Yet even the Lilliputian ligatures of such a sojourn
+imperceptibly twine round my lethargic habits, and bind me, Gulliver-
+like, a passive fixture. Once, in particular, I remember to have _stuck_
+at the Hôtel des Bons Enfants, in Paris--a place with nothing to
+recommend it to one of ordinary locomotive energies. But there I stuck.
+Business of importance called me to Bordeaux. I lingered for two months.
+At length, by one of those nervous efforts peculiar to weak resolutions,
+I made my arrangements, secured my emancipation, and found myself on the
+way to the starting-place of the Diligence. I well remember the day:
+'twas a rainy afternoon in spring. The aspect of the gayest city in the
+world was dreary and comfortless. The rain dripped perpendicularly from
+the eves of the houses, exemplifying the axiom, that lines are composed
+of a succession of points. At the corners of the streets it shot a
+curved torrent from the projecting spouts, flooding the channels, and
+drenching, with a sudden drum-like sound, the passing umbrellas, whose
+varied tints of pink, blue, and orange, like the draggled finery of
+feathers and flounces beneath them, only made the scene more glaringly
+desolate. Then came the rush and splatter of cabriolets, scattering
+terror and defilement. The well-mounted English dandy shows his sense by
+hoisting his parapluie; the French dragoon curls his mustachio at such
+effeminacy, and braves the liquid bullets in the genuine spirit of
+Marengo; the old French count picks his elastic steps with the placid
+and dignified philosophy of the _ancien régime_; while the Parisian
+dames, of all ranks, ages, and degrees, trip along, with one leg
+undraped, exactly in proportion to the shapeliness of its configuration.
+
+The huge clock of the Messagéries Royales told three as I entered the
+gateway. The wide court had an air of humid dreariness. On one side
+stood a dozen of those moving caravansaras, the national vehicles, with
+their leathern caps--like those of Danish sailors in a north-wester--
+hanging half off, soaked with wet. Opposite was the range of offices,
+busy with all the peculiar importance of French _bureaucracie._ Their
+clerks, decorated with ribbons and crosses, wield their pens with all
+the conscious dignity of secretaries of state; and "_book_" a bale or a
+parcel as though they were signing a treaty, or granting an amnesty. The
+meanest _employé_ seems to think himself invested with certain occult
+powers. His civility savours of government patronage; and his frown is
+inquisitorial. To his fellows, his address is abrupt and diplomatic. He
+seems to speak in cipher, and to gesticulate by some rule of
+freemasonry. But to the _uninitiated_ he is explanatory to a scruple, as
+though mischief might ensue from his being misapprehended. He makes sure
+of your understanding by an emphasis, which reminds one of the loudness
+of tone used towards a person supposed to be hard of hearing--a
+proceeding not very flattering where there happens to be neither dulness
+nor deafness in the case. In a word, the measured pedantry of his whole
+deportment betrays the happy conviction in which he rejoices of being
+conversant with matters little dreamt of in your philosophy. Among the
+bystanders, too, there are some who might, probably with more reason,
+boast their proficiency in mysterious lore--fellows of smooth aspect and
+polite demeanour, whom at first you imagine to have become casual
+spectators from mere lack of better pastime, but whose furtive glances
+and vagrant attention betray the familiars of the police--that complex
+and mighty engine of modern structure, which, far more surely than the
+"ear of Dionysius," conveys to the tympanum of power each echoed sigh
+and reverberated whisper. It is a chilling thing to feel one's budding
+confidence in a new acquaintance nipped by such frosty suspicions;
+yet--Heaven forgive me!--the bare idea has, before now, caused me to
+drop, unscented, the pinch of _carote_ which has been courteously
+tendered by some coffee-house companion. In the group before me, I
+fancied that I could distinguish some of this ungentle brotherhood; and
+my averted eye rested with comparative complacency even on a couple of
+_gens d'armes_, who were marching up and down before the door, and whose
+long swords and voluminous cocked hats never appeared to me less
+offensive.
+
+In the mean time, knots of travellers were congregating round the
+different vehicles about to depart. In the centre of each little band
+stood the main point of attraction--Monsieur le Conducteur--that
+important personage, whose prototype we look for in vain among the
+dignitaries of Lad-lane, or the Bull-and-Mouth, and whose very name can
+only be translated by borrowing one of Mr. M'Adam's titles--"the
+Colossus of _Roads_." With fur cap, official garb, and the excursive eye
+of a martinet, he inspects every detail of preparation--sees each
+passenger stowed _seriatim_ in his special place--then takes his
+position in front--gives the word to his jack-booted vice, whose
+responsive whip cracks assent--and away rolls the ponderous machine,
+with all the rumbling majesty of a three-decker from off the
+stocks.--_Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPIGRAM.
+
+
+THE RETORT MEDICAL.
+
+
+  Quoth Doctor Squill of Ponder's End,
+  "Of all the patients I attend,
+    Whate'er their aches or ails,
+  None ever will my fame attack."
+    "None ever can," retorted Jack:
+  "For dead men tell no tales"
+          _New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CIRCASSIAN WOMEN.
+
+
+We observed two women looking out of a balcony, and earnestly beckoning
+to us. We were the more surprised at their appearance, as we believed
+that the Mahometan women of the Caucasus, like those of Persia, were
+strictly confined to the interior of their houses, or that, at all
+events, they never went unveiled, a custom which we found was not
+general among the inhabitants of the Caucasus. We, however, entered the
+house, and saw in the court two Russian grenadiers, who, by a mistake of
+their corporal, had taken there quarters here, and whose presence was
+the cause of the inquietude manifested by the two ladies, who, with an
+old man, were the only inhabitants of the house. Whilst the soldiers
+were explaining these things to us, they appeared at the top of the
+stairs, and again renewed their invitation by violent gesticulations. On
+a nearer approach, we guessed by their age that they were mother and
+daughter. The former, who still preserved much of the freshness and
+beauty of youth, wore very tight trousers, a short tunic, and a veil,
+which fell in graceful folds on her back, while round her neck she had
+some valuable jewels, though badly mounted. With respect to the
+daughter, who was scarcely fifteen years of age, she was so
+extraordinarily beautiful, that both my companion and myself remained
+awhile motionless, and struck with admiration. Never in my life have I
+seen a more perfect form. Her dress consisted of a short white tunic,
+almost transparent, fastened only at the throat by a clasp. A veil,
+negligently thrown over one shoulder, permitted part of her beautiful
+ebony tresses to be seen. Her trousers were of an extremely fine tissue,
+and her socks of the most delicate workmanship. The old man received us
+in a room adjoining the staircase: he was seated on the carpet, smoking
+a small pipe, according to the custom of the inhabitants of the
+Caucasus, who cultivate tobacco. He made repeated signs to us to sit
+down, that is to say, in the Asiatic manner, a posture extremely
+inconvenient for those who, like ourselves, wore long and tight
+trousers, whilst the two beautiful women on their side earnestly
+seconded his request. We complied with it, though it was the first time
+that either of us had made the essay. The ladies, having left the room
+for a moment, returned with a salver of dried fruits, and a beverage
+made of sugar and milk; but I was so much engaged in admiring their
+personal attractions, that I paid but little attention to their
+presents. It appeared to me an inconceivable caprice of nature to have
+produced such prodigies of perfection amidst such a rude and barbarous
+people, who value their women less than their stirrups. My companion,
+who like myself was obliged to accept of their refreshments, remarked to
+me, whilst the old man was conversing with them, what celebrity a woman
+so transcendently beautiful as the daughter was would acquire in any of
+the capitals of Europe, had she but received the benefits of a suitable
+education.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUSTRALIAN IMPORTUNITY.
+
+
+As beggars, the whole world will not produce their match. They do not
+attempt to _coax_ you, but firmly rely on incessant importunity;
+following you, side by side, from street to street, as constant as your
+shadow, pealing in your ears the never ceasing sound of "Massa, gim me a
+dum! massa, gim me a dum!" (dump.) If you have the fortitude to resist
+_firmly_, on two or three assaults, you may enjoy ever after a life of
+immunity; but by once _complying_, you entail yourself a plague which
+you will not readily throw off, every gift only serving to embolden them
+in making subsequent demands, and with still greater perseverance.
+Neither are their wishes moderately gratified on this head--less than a
+dump (fifteen pence) seldom proving satisfactory. When walking out one
+morning, I accidentally met a young scion of our black tribes, on
+turning the corner of the house, who saluted me with "Good morning, sir,
+good morning;" to which I in like manner responded, and was proceeding
+onwards, when my dingy acquaintance arrested my attention by his loud
+vociferation of "Top, sir, I want to peak to you." "Well, what is it?"
+said I. "Why, you know I am your _servant_, and you have never paid me
+yet." "The devil you are!" responded I "it is the first time I knew of
+it, for I do not recollect ever seeing your face before." "Oh yes, I
+_am_ your servant," replied he, very resolutely; "don't I top about
+Massa ----'s, and boil the kettle sometimes for you in the morning?" I
+forthwith put my hand in my pocket, and gave him all the halfpence I
+had, which I left him carefully counting, and proceeded on my walk; but
+before advancing a quarter of a mile, my ears were again assailed with
+loud shouts of "Hallo! top, top!" I turned round, and observed my friend
+in "the dark suit" beckoning with his hand, and walking very leisurely
+toward me. Thinking he was despatched with some message, I halted, but
+as he walked on as slowly as if deeming I ought rather to go to him than
+he come to me, I forthwith returned to meet him; but on reaching close
+enough, what was my astonishment on his holding out the halfpence in his
+open hand, and addressing me in a loud, grumbling, demanding tone
+with--"Why this is not enough to buy a loaf! you must give me more."
+"Then buy _half_ a loaf," said I, wheeling about and resuming my walk,
+not without a good many hard epithets in return from my
+kettle-boiler.--_Cunningham's Two Years in New South Wales_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONFESSION OF THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I.
+
+
+There have been great disputes about the person who beheaded Charles I.
+Mr. Ellis says, "it seems most probable that the person who actually
+beheaded the king was the common executioner." And then adds the
+following valuable and interesting note, which seems to us to settle the
+question.
+
+"Among the tracts relating to the civil war, which were given to the
+British Museum by his late majesty King George III. in 1762, there are
+three upon this subject. One is entitled, 'The Confession of Richard
+Brandon the Hangman (upon his death-bed), concerning his beheading his
+late Majesty. Printed in the year of the hangman's downfall, 1649.' The
+second is entitled, 'The last Will and Testament of Richard Brandon,'
+printed in the same year. The third is, 'A Dialogue or Dispute between
+the late Hangman (the same person), and Death,' in verse, without date.
+All three are in quarto."
+
+The following are the most important paragraphs of the first tract:
+
+"The confession of the hangman concerning his beheading his late majesty
+the king of Great Britain (upon his death-bed) who was buried on
+Thursday last in Whitechapel church-yard, with the manner thereof:--
+
+"Upon Wednesday last (being the 20th of this instant, June 1649),
+Richard Brandon, the late executioner and hangman, who beheaded his late
+majesty, king of Great Britain, departed this life; but during the time
+of his sicknesse his conscience was much troubled, and exceedingly
+perplexed in mind, yet little shew of repentance for remission of his
+sins, and by past transgressions, which had so much power and influence
+upon him, that he seemed to live in them, and they in him. And on Sunday
+last, a young man of his acquaintance going to visit him, fell into
+discourse, asked him how he did, and whether he was not troubled in
+conscience for cutting off the king's head. He replyed, 'yes, by reason
+that (upon the time of his tryall, and at the denouncing of sentence
+against him,) he had taken a vow and protestation, wishing God to punish
+him body and soul, if ever he appeared on the scaffold to do the act, or
+lift up his hand against him.'
+
+"He likewise confessed that he had thirty pounds for his pains, all paid
+him in half-crowns, within an hour after the blow was given; and that he
+had an orange stuck full of cloves, and a handkircher out of the king's
+pocket, so soon as he was carried off from the scaffold, for which
+orange he was proffered twenty shillings by a gentleman in Whitehall,
+but refused the same, and afterwards sold it for ten shillings in
+Rosemary-lane. About six of the clock at night, he returned home to his
+wife living in Rosemary-lane, and gave her the money, saying, that it
+was the deerest money that ever he earned in his life, for it would cost
+him his life; which prophetical words were soon made manifest, for it
+appeared, that ever since he hath been in a most sad condition, and upon
+the Almightie's first scourging of him with the rod of sicknesse, and
+the friendly admonition of divers friends for the calling of him to
+repentance, yet he persisted on in his vicious vices, and would not
+hearken thereunto, but lay raging and swearing, and still pointing at
+one thing or another, which he conceived to be still visible before
+him."
+
+"About three days before he dy'd, he lay speechlesse, uttering many a
+sigh and heavy groan, and so in a most desperate manner departed from
+his bed of sorrow. For the buriall whereof great store of wines were
+sent in by the sheriff of the city of London, and a great multitude of
+people stood wayting to see his corpse carryed to the church-yard, some
+crying act, 'Hang him, rogue!' 'Bury him in the dunghill;' others
+pressing upon him, saying, they would quarter him for executing of the
+king: insomuch that the churchwardens and masters of the parish were
+fain to come for the suppressing of them, and (with great difficulty) he
+was at last carryed to White Chappell church-yard, having (as it is
+said) a bunch of rosemary at each end of the coffin, on the top thereof,
+with a rope tyed crosse from one end to the other.
+
+"And a merry conceited cook living at the sign of the Crown, having a
+black fan (worth the value of thirty shillings), took a resolution to
+rent the same in pieces, and to every feather tied a piece of
+pack-thread dyed in black ink, and gave them to divers persons, who (in
+derision) for a while wore them in their hats.
+
+"Thus have I given thee an exact account and perfect relation of the
+life and death of Richard Brandon, to the end that the world may be
+convinced of those calumnious speeches and erroneous suggestions which
+are dayly spit from the mouth of envy against divers persons of great
+worth and eminency, by casting an odium upon them for the executing of
+the king; it being now made manifest that the aforesaid executioner was
+the only man who gave the fatal blow, and his man that wayted upon him,
+was a ragman (of the name of Ralph Jones) living in
+Rosemary-lane."--_Ellis's Historical Inquiries._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE.
+
+
+The night was rather dark, and we had not seen the figure of our
+postilion, or even heard his voice; but we suspected, by the slowness of
+his movements, that he was some old crony of his master. On arriving
+towards the end of the relay, he began to blow a bugle with all his
+might, surprising us with a number of flourishes. Mr. Koch informed me
+that we were going to cross a small river, and that the blast with which
+we had been regaled was a warning for the bargeman. Our vehicle then
+stopped before the door of an inn, which stood on an elevated spot, and
+the postilion, alighting, asked Mr. Koch's permission to enter the inn
+to drink a glass of brandy, whilst the bargeman answered his sign. It
+was midnight, and we expected soon to cross the river; but after waiting
+a quarter of an hour for his return, and seeing that the fellow did not
+come out, I alighted, and proceeded towards a window, where a light was
+perceivable. As I looked through it, I saw what I certainly did not
+expect, but what convinced me that the flourishes of his bugle were
+addressed to a very different person from the bargeman. Our postilion
+was sitting near a table, with a huge flagon beside him, and a wench on
+his knee. Provoked beyond expression at this unseasonable courtship, I
+shook the window till it flew open, and, before my companion had time to
+alight and witness the scene, both the hero and the heroine came to the
+door of the inn, the latter holding a lantern in her hand, by which I
+observed she was an ugly kitchen wench of about eighteen, and he a young
+man of five-and-twenty. Displeased with my interruption, he muttered
+something at my impatience, and at the unseasonableness of my call, and
+again blew his bugle, though by no means so vigorously as he had before
+done; after which we gained the barge, and continued our way without
+farther interruption.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBARISM OF THE CAUCASIAN TRIBES.
+
+
+Opposite to our encampment, on the other side of the Alazann, and at a
+distance of eighteen or twenty wersts, is the city of Belohakan,
+situated at the foot of the Caucasus, and inhabited by the Eingalos, a
+people whom the Lesghis keep in the most horrible state of slavery, and
+who formerly belonged to Georgia; but who being too industrious, and
+attached to their native soil, would never abandon it, during the
+different revolutions which that country has undergone, and became
+subject to their present masters. That city carries on a great trade
+with Teflis, principally in bourkas, which are manufactured there; and
+as the traders pass through Karakhach, our colonel, who was the
+commandant of this district, and from whom they must obtain a passport
+for Georgia, was obliged to have near him an Eingalo, who understood the
+Russian language, and served as interpreter. This man had become so
+familiarized with the officers, that the colonel allowed him to sit at
+our table. One day we remarked that the interpreter was absent, a
+circumstance which seldom occurred; but, as we were finishing our
+dessert, he entered the dining-room in high spirits, bringing under his
+arm a bundle, carefully tied, which, he said, contained a fine water
+melon for our dessert. This fruit, in the middle of December, is
+considered a great delicacy, and we all expressed a wish that he should
+produce it, when he immediately untied the bundle, and, to our great
+Horror, we beheld the head of a Lesghi, whom he had killed in fight on
+the other side of the Alazann during a sporting expedition, roll on the
+table. Disgusted at this action, which among these barbarous
+mountaineers would pass as an excellent joke, we all rose from table,
+and retired to another apartment, whilst the Eingalo sat down to dinner,
+and, at every mouthful he took, amused himself with turning the head,
+which he kept close to his plate, first one way and then
+another.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MISCELLANIES
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RELIGIOUS FORTUNE TELLING.
+
+
+The _Sortes Sanctorum_, or _Sortes Sacrae_, of the Christians, has been
+illustrated in the _Classical Journal_.
+
+These, the writer observes, were a species of divination practised in
+the earlier ages of Christianity, and consisted in casually opening the
+Holy Scriptures, and from the words which first presented themselves
+deducing the future lot of the inquirer. They were evidently derived
+from the _Sortes Homerica_ and _Sortes Virgilanae_ of the Pagans, but
+accommodated to their own circumstances by the Christians.
+
+Complete copies of the Old and New Testaments being rarely met with
+prior to the invention of printing, the Psalms, the Prophets, or the
+four Gospels, were the parts of holy writ principally made use of in
+these consultations, which were sometimes accompanied with various
+ceremonies, and conducted with great solemnity, especially on public
+occasions. Thus the emperor Heraclius in the war against the Persians,
+being at a loss whether to advance or retreat, commanded a public fast
+for three days, at the end of which he applied to the four Gospels, and
+opened upon a text which he regarded as an oracular intimation to winter
+in Albania. Gregory, of Tours, also relates that Meroveus, being
+desirous of obtaining the kingdom of Chilperic, his father consulted a
+female fortune-teller, who promised him the possession of royal estates;
+but to prevent deception and to try the truth of her prognostications,
+he caused the Psalter, the Book of Kings, and the four Gospels to be
+laid upon the shrine of St. Martin, and after fasting and solemn prayer,
+opened upon passages which not only destroyed his former hopes, but
+seemed to predict the unfortunate events which afterwards befel him.
+
+A French writer, in 506, says, "this abuse was introduced by the
+superstition of the people, and afterwards gained ground by the
+ignorance of the bishops." This appears evident from Pithon's Collection
+of Canons, containing some forms under the title of _The Lot of the
+Apostles_. These were found at the end of the Canons of the Apostles in
+the Abbey of Marmousier. Afterwards, various canons were made in the
+different councils and synods against this superstition; these continued
+to be framed in the councils of London under Archbishop Lanfranc in
+1075, and Corboyl in 1126.
+
+The founder of the Francisians, it seems, having denied himself the
+possession of any thing but coats and a cord, and still having doubts
+whether he might not possess books, first prayed, and then casually
+opened upon Mark, chapter iv, "Unto you it is given to know the mystery
+of the kingdom of God; but unto them that are without, all these things
+are done in parables;" from which he drew the conclusion, that books
+were not necessary for him.
+
+One Peter of Thoulouse being accused of heresy, and having denied it
+upon oath, one of those who stood by, in order to judge of the truth of
+his oath, seized the book upon which he had sworn, and opening it
+hastily, met with the words of the devil to our Saviour, "What have we
+to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?" and from thence concluded that
+the accused was guilty, and had nothing to do with Christ!
+
+The extraordinary case also of King Charles I. and Lord Falkland, as
+applicable to divination of this kind, is related. Being together at
+Oxford, they went one day to see the public library, and were shown,
+among other books, a Virgil, finely printed and exquisitely bound. Lord
+Falkland, to divert the king, proposed that he should make a trial of
+his fortune by the _Sortes Virgilanae_. The king opening the book, the
+passage he happened to light upon was part of Dido's imprecation against
+Aeneas in lib. iv. l. 615. King Charles seeming concerned at the
+accident, Lord Falkland would likewise try his own fortune, hoping he
+might fall upon some passage that could have no relation to his case,
+and thus divert the king's thoughts from any impression the other might
+have upon him; but the place Lord Falkland stumbled upon was still more
+suited to his destiny, being the expressions of Evander upon the
+untimely death of his son Pallas, lib. xi. Lord Falkland fell in the
+battle of Newbury, in 1644, and Charles was beheaded in 1649.
+
+The kind of divination among the Jews, termed by them Bath Kol, or the
+daughter of the voice, was not very dissimilar to the _Sortes Sanctorum_
+of the Christians. The mode of practising it was by appealing to the
+first words accidentally heard from any one speaking or reading. The
+following is an instance from the Talmud:--Rabbi Jochanau and Rabbi
+Simeon. Ben Lachish, desiring to see the face of R. Samuel, a Babylonish
+doctor: "Let us follow," said they, "the hearing of Bath Kol."
+Travelling, therefore, near a school, they heard the voice of a boy:
+reading these words out of the First Book of Samuel, "And Samuel died."
+They observed this, and inferred from hence that their friend Samuel was
+dead, and so they found it. Some of the ancient Christians too, it
+seems, used to go to church with a purpose of receiving as the will of
+heaven the words of scripture that were singing at their entrance.
+
+To pay a very great deference in opening upon a place of scripture, as
+to its affording an assurance of salvation, used to be a very common
+practice amongst the people called Methodists, but chiefly those of the
+Calvinistic persuasion; this, it is probable, has declined in proportion
+with the earnestness of these people in other respects. They had also
+another opinion, viz. that if the recollection of any particular text of
+scripture happened to arise in their minds, this was likewise looked
+upon as a kind of immediate revelation from heaven. This they call being
+presented or brought home to them!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other
+    men's stuff."--_Wotton_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Whoever the following story may be fathered on, Sir John Hamilton was
+certainly its parent. The duke of Rutland, at one of his levees, being
+at a loss (as probably most kings, princes, and viceroys occasionally
+are) for something to say to every person he was bound in etiquette to
+notice, remarked to Sir John Hamilton that there was "a prospect of an
+excellent crop:--the timely rain," observed the duke, "will bring every
+thing above ground." "God forbid, your excellency!" exclaimed the
+courtier. His excellency stared, whilst Sir John continued, sighing
+heavily as he spoke:--"yes, God forbid! for I have got _three wives_
+under it."--_Barrington's Sketches_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is a singular circumstance that Italia, or, as it is called in
+English, Italy, has, under all the changes and revolutions to which it
+has been subjected, always preserved its name. Every other country in
+Europe is now known to its inhabitants by other names than were given to
+it by their ancestors in the time of the Romans; but Italia continues to
+be the name of the country at the present day, and we have no authentic
+records by which we can ascertain that it ever bore any other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR INSCRIPTION.
+
+
+_Written over the Ten Commandments in a church in Wales._
+
+  PRSVRYPRFCTMN
+  VRKPTHSPRCPTSTN
+
+The meaning can only be developed by adding the vowel E, which makes the
+sense thus--
+
+  Persevere ye perfect men
+  Ever keep these precepts ten.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In a new farce, supposed to have been written by Maddocks, was the
+following curious pun:--A large party of soldiers surprising two
+resurrection men in a church-yard, the officer seized one of them, and
+asked him what he had to say for himself. "Say, sir! why, that we came
+here to raise a _corpse_, and not a _regiment!_"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 273 ***
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 273, September 15, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11387]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 273 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, L. Barber, David King, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page177" name="page177"></a>[pg
+177]</span>
+<h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+OF<br />
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><b>Vol. 10. No. 273.]</b></td>
+<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1827</b></td>
+<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>GASPARD MONGE'S MAUSOLEUM.</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/273-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/273-1.png" alt=
+"Gaspard Monge's Mausoleum" /></a></div>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;As one of your correspondents has favoured you with a
+drawing of the gaol I designed for the city and county of Norwich,
+with which you have embellished a recent number of the MIRROR, I
+flatter myself that an engraving from the drawing I herewith send
+you of the mausoleum of Gaspard Monge, which I drew while at Paris,
+in 1822, will also be interesting to the readers of your valuable
+little miscellany. Gaspard Monge, whose remains are deposited in
+the burying ground in Pere la Chaise, at Paris, in a magnificent
+mausoleum, was professor of geometry in the Polytechnique School at
+Paris, and with Denon accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte on his
+memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make drawings of the
+architectural antiquities and sculpture, and the other the
+geographical delineations of that ancient country. He returned to
+Paris, where he assisted Denon in the publication of his
+antiquities. At his decease the pupils of the Polytechnique School
+erected this mausoleum to his memory, as a testimony of their
+esteem, after a design made by his friend, Monsieur Denon. The
+mausoleum is of Egyptian architecture, with which Denon had become
+familiarly acquainted.</p>
+<p>There is a bust of Monge placed on a terminal pedestal
+underneath a canopy in the upper compartment, which canopy is open
+in front and in the back. In the crown cavetto of the cornice is an
+Egyptian winged globe, entwined with serpents, emblematical of time
+and eternity; and on the faci below is engraved the following
+line:&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i4">A. GASPARD MONGE.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page178" name="page178"></a>[pg
+178]</span>
+<p>On each side of the upper compartment is inscribed the following
+<i>memento mori</i>:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>LES ELEVES</p>
+<p>DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE.</p>
+<p>A.G. MONGE.</p>
+<p>COMTE DE PELUSE.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Underneath this inscription is carved in sunk work an Egyptian
+lotus flower in an upright position; on the back of the mausoleum
+is the date of the year in which Gaspard Monge died. The body is in
+the cemetery below.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>AN. MDCCCXX.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Monge was a man of considerable merit as a geometrician, and,
+while living, stood preeminent above his contemporaries in the
+French school of that day. He is the author of several works, but
+his most popular one is entitled "G&egrave;om&egrave;trie
+Descriptive. par G. Monge, de l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et
+Arts, de l'Ecole Polytechnique; Membre du S&eacute;nat
+Conservateur, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honeur et Cointe de
+l'Empire."</p>
+<p>The programme to this work is interesting, as it urges the
+necessity of making geometry a branch of the national education,
+and points out the beneficial results that would arise therefrom.
+The following is the translation:&mdash;</p>
+<p>To draw the French nation from the dependence, which, even in
+the present day it is obliged to place in foreign industry, it is
+necessary first to direct the national education towards the
+knowledge of those objects which require a correctness which
+hitherto has been totally neglected; to accustom the hands of our
+artists to the management of the various instruments that are
+necessary to measure the different degrees of work, and to execute
+them with precision; then the finisher becomes sensible of the
+accuracy it will require in the different works, and he will be
+enabled to set the necessary value on it. For our artists to
+become, from their youth, familiar with geometry, and to be in a
+condition to attain it, it is necessary in the second place to
+render popular the knowledge of a great number of natural phenomena
+that are indispensable to the progress of industry; they will then
+profit for the advancement of the general instruction of the
+nation, which by a fortunate circumstance it has at its disposal,
+the principal resources that are necessary for it. Lastly, it is
+requisite to extend among our artists the knowledge of the
+advancement of the arts and that of machines, whose object is
+either to diminish manual labour or to give to the result of labour
+more uniformity and precision; and on those heads it must be
+confessed we have much to draw from foreign nations.<a id=
+"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> All these views can only be
+accomplished by giving a new turn to national education.</p>
+<p>This is to be done, in the first place, by making all
+intelligent young men (who are born with a fortune) familiar with
+the use of descriptive geometry, so that they may be able to employ
+their capital more profitably both for themselves and the nation,
+and also for those who have no other fortune than their education,
+so that their labour will bring them the greater reward. This art
+has two principal objects, the first to represent with exactness,
+from drawings which have only two dimensions, objects which have
+three, and which are susceptible of a strict definition; under this
+point of view it is a language necessary to the man of genius when
+he conceives a project, and to those who are to have the direction
+of it; and lastly, to the artists who are themselves to execute the
+different parts.</p>
+<p>The second object of descriptive geometry, is to deduce from the
+exact description of bodies all that necessarily follows of their
+forms and their respective positions; in this sense it is a means
+of seeking truth, as it offers perpetual examples of the passage
+from what is known to what is unknown, and as it is always applied
+to objects susceptible of the minutest evidence, it is necessary
+that it should form part of the plan of a national education. It is
+not only fit to exercise the intellectual faculties of a great
+people, and to contribute thereby to the perfection of mankind, but
+it is also indispensable to all workmen, whose end is to give to
+certain bodies determined forms, and it is principally owing to the
+methods of this art having been too little extended, or in fact
+almost entirely neglected, that the progress of our industry has
+been so slow. We shall contribute then to give an advantageous
+direction to national education, by making our young artist
+familiar with the application of descriptive geometry, to the
+graphic constructions which are necessary in the greater number of
+the arts, and in making use of this geometry in the representation
+and determination of the elements of machinery, by means of which,
+man by the aid of the forces of nature, reserves for himself, in a
+manner, in his operations no other labour than that of his
+intellects. It is no less advantageous to extend the knowledge of
+those phenomena of nature which may be turned to the profit of the
+arts. The charm which accompanies them will overcome the repugnance
+that men <span class="pagenum"><a id="page179" name=
+"page179"></a>[pg 179]</span> have in general for manual
+operations, (which most regard as painful and laborious,) as it
+will make them find pleasure in the exercise of their intellect;
+thus there ought to be in the formal school a course of descriptive
+geometry.</p>
+<p>As yet we have no well compiled elementary work on that art,
+because till this time learned men have taken too little interest
+in it, or it has only been practised in an obscure manner by
+persons whose education had not been sufficiently extended, and
+were unable to communicate the result of their lucubrations. A
+course simply oral would be absolutely without effect. It is
+necessary then, for the course of descriptive geometry, that
+practice and execution be joined to the hearing of methods; thus
+pupils will be exercised in graphic construction of descriptive
+geometry. The graphic arts have general methods with which we can
+only become familiar by the use of the rule and compass. Among the
+different applications that may be made of descriptive geometry,
+there are <i>two</i> which are remarkable, both for their
+universality and their ingenuity; these are the constructions of
+<i>perspective</i> and the strict determination of the
+<i>shadows</i>. These two parts may finally be considered as the
+completion of the art of describing objects.</p>
+<h4>R. BROWN.</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>AN IDLER'S ALBUM; OR, SKETCHES OF MEN AND THINGS.</h2>
+<h3>THE RADIANT BOY.</h3>
+<p>It is now more than twenty years since the late Lord Londonderry
+was, for the first time, on a visit to a gentleman in the north of
+Ireland. The mansion was such a one as spectres are fabled to
+inhabit. It was associated with many recollections of historic
+times, and the sombre character of its architecture, and the
+wildness of its surrounding scenery, were calculated to impress the
+soul with that tone of melancholy and elevation, which,&mdash;if it
+be not considered as a predisposition to welcome the visitation of
+those unearthly substances that are impalpable to our sight in
+moments of less hallowed sentiment,&mdash;is indisputably the state
+of mind in which the imagination is most readily excited, and the
+understanding most favourably inclined to grant a credulous
+reception to its visions. The apartment also which was appropriated
+to Lord Londonderry, was calculated to foster such a tone of
+feeling. From its antique appointments; from the dark and
+richly-carved panels of its wainscot; from its yawning width and
+height of chimney&mdash;looking like the open entrance to a tomb,
+of which the surrounding ornaments appeared to form the sculptures
+and the entablature;&mdash;from the portraits of grim men and
+severe-eyed women, arrayed in orderly procession along the walls,
+and scowling a contemptuous enmity against the degenerate invader
+of their gloomy bowers and venerable halls; from the vast, dusky,
+ponderous, and complicated draperies that concealed the windows,
+and hung with the gloomy grandeur of funereal trappings about the
+hearse-like piece of furniture that was destined for his
+bed,&mdash;Lord L., on entering his apartment, might be conscious
+of some mental depression, and surrounded by such a world of
+melancholy images, might, perhaps, feel himself more than usually
+inclined to submit to the influences of superstition. It is not
+possible that these sentiments should have been allied to any
+feelings of apprehension. Fear is acknowledged to be a most mighty
+master over the visions of the imagination. It can "call spirits
+from the vasty deep"&mdash;and they do come, when it does call for
+them. It trembles at the anticipation of approaching evil, and then
+encounters in every passing shadow the substance of the dream it
+trembled at. But such could not have been the origin of the form
+which addressed itself to the view of Lord Londonderry. Fear is a
+quality that was never known to mingle in the character of a
+Stewart. Lord Londonderry examined his chamber&mdash;he made
+himself acquainted with the forms and faces of the ancient
+possessors of the mansion, who sat up right in their ebony frames
+to receive his salutation; and then, after dismissing his valet, he
+retired to bed. His candles had not been long extinguished, when he
+perceived a light gleaming on the draperies of the lofty canopy
+over his head. Conscious that there was no fire in the
+grate&mdash;that the curtains were closed&mdash;that the chamber
+had been in perfect darkness but a few moments before, he supposed
+that some intruder must have accidentally entered his apartment;
+and, turning hastily round to the side from which the light
+proceeded&mdash;saw&mdash;to his infinite astonishment&mdash;not
+the form of any human visiter&mdash;but the figure of a fair boy,
+who seemed to be garmented in rays of mild and tempered glory,
+which beamed palely from his slender form, like the faint light of
+the declining moon, and rendered the objects which were nearest to
+him dimly and indistinctly visible. The spirit stood at some short
+distance from the side of the bed. Certain that his own faculties
+were <span class="pagenum"><a id="page180" name="page180"></a>[pg
+180]</span> not deceiving him, but suspecting that he might be
+imposed upon by the ingenuity of some of the numerous guests who
+were then visiting in the same house, Lord Londonderry proceeded
+towards the figure. It retreated before him. As he slowly advanced,
+the form, with equal paces, slowly retired. It entered the vast
+arch of the capacious chimney, and then sunk into the earth. Lord
+L. returned to his bed; but not to rest. His mind was harassed by
+the consideration of the extraordinary event which had occurred to
+him. Was it real?&mdash;was it the work of imagination?&mdash;was
+it the result of imposture?&mdash;It was all incomprehensible. He
+resolved in the morning not to mention the appearance till he
+should have well observed the manners and the countenances of the
+family: he was conscious that, if any deception had been practised,
+its authors would be too delighted with their success to conceal
+the vanity of their triumph. When the guests assembled at the
+breakfast-table, the eye of Lord Londonderry searched in vain for
+those latent smiles&mdash;those cunning looks&mdash;that silent
+communication between the parties&mdash;by which the authors and
+abettors of such domestic conspiracies are generally betrayed.
+Every thing apparently proceeded in its ordinary course. The
+conversation flowed rapidly along from the subjects afforded at the
+moment, without any of the constraint which marks a party intent
+upon some secret and more interesting argument, and endeavouring to
+afford an opportunity for its introduction. At last the hero of the
+tale found himself compelled to mention the occurrences of the
+night. It was most extraordinary&mdash;he feared that he should not
+be credited: and then, after all due preparation, the story was
+related. Those among his auditors who, like himself, were strangers
+and visiters in the house, were certain that some delusion must
+have been practised. The family alone seemed perfectly composed and
+calm. At last, the gentleman whom Lord Londonderry was visiting,
+interrupted their various surmises on the subject by
+saying:&mdash;"The circumstance which you have just recounted must
+naturally appear most extraordinary to those who have not long been
+inmates of my dwelling, and are not conversant with the legends
+connected with my family; to those who are, the event which has
+happened will only serve as the corroboration of an old tradition
+that long has been related of the apartment in which you slept. You
+have seen <i>the Radiant Boy</i>; and it is an omen of prosperous
+fortunes;&mdash;I would rather that this subject should no more be
+mentioned."</p>
+<p>The above adventure is one very commonly reported of the late
+Marquis of Londonderry; and is given on the authority of a
+gentleman, to whom that nobleman himself related it.&mdash;<i>The
+Album</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE CROSS ROADS.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Methought upon a mountain's brow</p>
+<p class="i2">Stood Glory, gazing round him;</p>
+<p>And in the silent vale below</p>
+<p class="i2">Lay Love, where Fancy found him;</p>
+<p>While distant o'er the yellow plain</p>
+<p>Glittering Wealth held wide domain.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Glory was robed in light; and trod</p>
+<p class="i2">A brilliant track before him,</p>
+<p>He gazed with ardour, like a god,</p>
+<p class="i2">And grasp'd at heaven o'er him;</p>
+<p>The meteor's flash his beaming eye,</p>
+<p>The trumpet's shriek his melody.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But Love was robed in roses sweet,</p>
+<p class="i2">And zephyrs murmur'd nigh him,</p>
+<p>Flowers were blooming at his feet,</p>
+<p class="i2">And birds were warbling by him:</p>
+<p>His eyes soft radiance seem'd to wear,</p>
+<p>For tears and smiles were blended there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Gay Wealth a gorgeous train display'd.</p>
+<p class="i2">(And Fancy soon espied him,)</p>
+<p>Supine, in splendid garb array'd,</p>
+<p class="i2">With Luxury beside him;</p>
+<p>He dwelt beneath a lofty dome,</p>
+<p>Which Pride and Pleasure made their home.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Well; seeking Happiness, I sped,</p>
+<p class="i2">And, as Hope hover'd o'er me,</p>
+<p>I ask'd which way the nymph had fled,</p>
+<p class="i2">For <i>four roads</i> met before me&mdash;</p>
+<p>Whether she'd climb'd the height above,</p>
+<p>Or bask'd with Wealth, or slept with Love?</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I paus'd&mdash;for in the lonely path,</p>
+<p class="i2">'Neath gloomy willows weeping,</p>
+<p>Wrapt in his shroud of sullen wrath,</p>
+<p class="i2">The <i>Suicide</i> was sleeping,</p>
+<p>A scathed yew-tree's wither'd limb,</p>
+<p>To mark the spot, frown'd o'er him.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I wept&mdash;to think my fellow-man,</p>
+<p class="i2">(To madness often driven,)</p>
+<p>Pursue false Glory's phantoms, then</p>
+<p class="i2">Lose happiness and heaven:</p>
+<p>I wept&mdash;for oh! it seem'd to be</p>
+<p>A mournful moral meant for me!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But lo! an aged traveller came,</p>
+<p class="i2">By Wisdom sent to guide me,</p>
+<p>Experience was the pilgrim's name,</p>
+<p class="i2">And thus he seem'd to chide me&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Fool! Happiness is gone the road</p>
+<p>That leads to Virtue's calm abode!"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<h4>JESSE HAMMOND.</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MY COMMON-PLACE BOOK.</h2>
+<h3>NO. XXI.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>ORDEALS.</h3>
+<p>Four kinds of ordeals were chiefly used by our German
+ancestors:&mdash;1. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page181" name=
+"page181"></a>[pg 181]</span> "The Kamp fight," or combat; during
+which the spectators were to be silent and quiet, on pain of losing
+an arm or leg; an executioner with a sharp axe. 2. "The fire
+ordeal," in which the accused might clear his innocence by holding
+<i>red-hot</i> iron in his hands, or by walking blind-fold amidst
+fiery ploughshares. 3. "The hot-water ordeal," much of the nature
+as the last. 4. "The cold-water ordeal:" this need not be
+explained, since it is looked on as supreme when a witch is in
+question. The cross ordeal was reserved for the clergy. These, if
+accused, might prove their innocence by swallowing two consecrated
+morsels taken from the altar after proper prayers. If these
+fragments stuck in the priest's throat he stood <i>ipse
+facto</i>&mdash;condemned; but we have no record of
+condemnation.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>GEMS.</h3>
+<p>Forgive not the man who gives you <i>bad</i> wine more than
+once. It is more than an injury. Cut the acquaintance as you value
+your life.</p>
+<p>If you see half-a-dozen faults in a woman, you may rest assured
+she has a hundred virtues to counterbalance them. I love your
+faulty, and fear your <i>faultless women</i>. When you see what is
+termed a faultless woman, dread her as you would a beautiful snake.
+The power of completely concealing the defects that she must have,
+is of itself a serious vice.</p>
+<p>If you find no more books in a man's room, save some four or
+five, including the red-book and the general almanac, you may set
+down the individual as a man of genius, or an ass;&mdash;there is
+no medium.</p>
+<p>The eye is never to be mistaken. A person may discipline the
+muscles of the face and voice, but there is a something in the eye
+beyond the will, and we thus frequently find it giving the tongue
+the lie direct.</p>
+<p>I never knew a truly estimable man offer a finger, it is ever a
+sign of a cold heart; and he who is heartless is positively
+worthless, though he may be negatively harmless.</p>
+<p>Cut the acquaintance of any lady who signs a letter with
+"<i>yours obediently</i>."</p>
+<p>Always act in the presence of children with the utmost
+circumspection. They mark all you do, and most of them are more
+wise than you may imagine.</p>
+<p>Men of genius make the most ductile husbands. A fool has too
+much opinion of his own dear self, and too little of women's to be
+easily governed.</p>
+<p>A passion for sweetmeats, and a weak intellect, generally go
+together.</p>
+<p>I have known many fools to be gluttons, but never knew one that
+was an epicure.</p>
+<p>The affection of women is the most wonderful thing in the world;
+it tires not&mdash;faints not&mdash;dreads not&mdash;cools not. It
+is like the Naptha that nothing can extinguish but the trampling
+foot of death.</p>
+<p>There is a language in flowers, which is very eloquent&mdash;a
+philosophy that is instructive. Nature appears to have made them as
+emblems of women. The timid snow-drop, the modest violet, the
+languid primrose, the coy lily, the flaunting tulip, the smart
+marigold, the lowly blushing daisy, the proud foxglove, the deadly
+nightshade, the sleepy poppy, and the sweet solitary eglantine, are
+all types.</p>
+<h4>W.C. B&mdash;&mdash; M.</h4>
+<hr />
+<p>There are a set of malicious, prating, prudent gossips, both
+male and female, who murder characters to kill time; and will rob a
+young fellow of his good name before he has years to know the value
+of it.&mdash;<i>Sheridan</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MANNERS &amp; CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2>
+<h3>No. XII.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>A BURMESE EXECUTION.</h3>
+<p>The scene took place at Rangoon, and the sufferers were men of
+desperate characters, who merited death. At a short distance from
+the town, on the road known to the army by the name of the
+Forty-first Lines, is a small open space, which formerly was railed
+in: and here all criminals used to be executed. On this occasion
+several gibbets, about the height of a man, were erected, and a
+large crowd of Burmans assembled to feast their eyes on the
+sanguinary scene that was to follow.</p>
+<p>When the criminals arrived, they were tied within wooden frames,
+with extended arms and legs, and the head-executioner going round
+to each, marked with a piece of chalk, on the side of the men, in
+what direction his assistant (who stood behind him with a sharpened
+knife,) was to make the incision. On one man he described a circle
+on the side; another had a straight line marked down the centre of
+his stomach; a third was doomed to some other mode of death; and
+some were favoured by being decapitated. These preparations being
+completed, the assistant approached the man marked with a circle,
+and seizing a knife, plunged it up to the hilt in his side, then
+slowly and deliberately turning it round, he finished the circle!
+The poor wretch rolled his eyes in inexpressible agony,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page182" name="page182"></a>[pg
+182]</span> groaned, and soon after expired; thus depriving these
+human fiends of the satisfaction his prolonged torments would have
+afforded them. The rest suffered in the same manner; and, from the
+specimens I have seen of mangled corpses, I do not think this
+account overdrawn. Hanging is a punishment that seldom, if ever,
+takes place.</p>
+<p>The manner in which slighter punishments are made is peculiar to
+the Burmans, and, as nearly as I can make it out, according to our
+pronunciation, is called "toung." The delinquent is obliged to
+kneel down, and a man stands over him with a bent elbow and
+clenched fist. He first rapidly strikes him on the head with his
+elbow, and then slides it down until his knuckles repeat the blow,
+the elbow at the same time giving a violent smack on the shoulders.
+This is repeated until it becomes a very severe punishment, which
+may be carried to great excess.&mdash;<i>Two Years in Ava</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>BILL OF FARE AT AN ANCIENT INSTALMENT.</h3>
+<p>The following is a true copy of the original lodged in the Tower
+of London:<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href=
+"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>&mdash;</p>
+<p>George Nevil, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, at his
+instalment into his archbishopric of York, in the year 1470, made a
+feast for the nobility, gentry, and clergy, wherein he spent:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>300 quartrs of wheat 300 ton of ale 104 ton of wine 1 pipe of
+spic'd w. 80 fat oxen 6 wild bulls 300 pigs 1004 wethers 300 hogs
+300 calves 3000 geese 3000 capons 100 peacocks 200 cranes 200 kids
+2000 chickens 4000 pidgeons 4000 rabitts 204 bitterns 4000 ducks
+400 hernsies 200 pheasants 500 partridges 4000 woodcocks 400
+plovers 100 carlews 100 quails 1000 eggets 200 rees 4000 bucks and
+does, and roebucks 155 hot venison pasties 1000 dishes of jellies
+4000 cold venison past 2000 hot custards 4000 ditto cold 400 tarts
+300 pikes 300 breams 8 seals 4 porpusses</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>At this feast the Earl of Warwick was steward; the Earl of
+Bedford treasurer; the Lord Hastings comptroller, with many noble
+officers servitors.</p>
+<p>1000 cooks. 62 kitchiners. 515 scullions.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE SERGEANT'S WIFE.</h3>
+<p>A drama, named as above, has been played with eminent success
+during the present season at the English Opera House. The plot is
+founded on the following horrible occurrence, which actually took
+place in Ireland in the year 1813, and which we extract from the
+columns of an Irish paper of the same date. The narrative is
+powerfully worked up in <i>The Nowlans</i>, in the second series of
+the <i>O'Hara Tales</i>, and Mr. Banim is the author both of the
+novel and the drama:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"The speech of George Smith, William Smith, and James Smith, who
+were lately executed at Longford for the murder of James Reilly, a
+pedlar, near Lanes-borough, has been published. It gives the
+following description of the inhuman crime for which they
+suffered:</p>
+<p>"The discovery of this murder, as decreed by the Almighty, was
+made by Margaret Armstrong, the wife of Sergeant Armstrong, of the
+27th regiment of foot, on the recruiting service in Athlone. She
+was going to her husband, when she was overtaken by this dealing
+man. He asked her how far she was going&mdash;she answered to
+Athlone, to her husband, and said as it was getting late, and being
+scarce of money, she would make good her way that night. He then
+replied, 'my poor woman, let not that hurry you, I am going to
+Athlone myself, and there is a lodging at the next cross at which I
+mean to stop, be advised, and go no farther to-night, and I will
+pay your expenses.' When they came to the house, he asked for a bed
+for himself and another for the woman, and called for supper; when
+that was over, he paid the bill, and taking out his pocket-book, he
+counted 150<i>l.</i> which he gave in charge to George Smith, and
+retired to bed; the woman likewise went to her's, the family sat up
+till twelve; after which, when the man was fast asleep and all was
+silent, we, (the three Smiths) went into the room where the man
+lay; we dragged him out of bed, and cut his throat from ear to ear;
+we saved his blood in a pewter dish, and put the body into a
+flaxseed barrel, among feathers, in which we covered it up. Take
+care, and do the same with the woman, <i>said our mother</i>. We
+accordingly went to her bedside, and saw her hands extended out of
+the bed; we held a candle to her eyes, <span class="pagenum"><a id=
+"page183" name="page183"></a>[pg 183]</span> but she did not stir
+during the whole time, as God was on her side; for had we supposed
+that she had seen the murder committed by us, she would have shared
+the same fate with the deceased man. Next morning when she arose,
+she asked was the man up? We made answer, that he was gone two
+hours before, left sixpence for her, and took her bundle with him.
+'No matter,' said she, 'for I will see him in Athlone.' When she
+went away, I (George Smith) dressed myself in my sister's clothes,
+and having crossed the fields, met her, I asked her how far she was
+going? She said to Athlone: I then asked her where she lodged? She
+told me at one Smith's, a very decent house, where she met very
+good entertainment. 'That house bears a bad name,' said I. 'I have
+not that to say of them,' said she, 'for they gave me good usage.'
+It was not long until we saw a sergeant and two recruits coming up
+the road; upon which she cried out, 'here is my husband coming to
+meet me; he knew I was coming to him.' I immediately turned off the
+road, and made back to the house. When she met her husband, she
+fainted; and on recovering, she told him of the murder, and how she
+escaped with her life. The husband went immediately and got guards,
+and had us taken prisoners; the house was searched, and the mangled
+body found in the barrel." The three monsters were, it is
+mentioned, ordered for execution from the dock.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>ANECDOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS.</h2>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Notings, selections,</p>
+<p class="i2">Anecdote and joke:</p>
+<p>Our recollections;</p>
+<p class="i2">With gravities for graver folk.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE BAR&mdash;THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.</h3>
+<p>It must be admitted (talking of the late <i>Vice</i>) that he
+really was enough to annoy any sober staid master, by his frolics
+and gambols since he has been made a judge. I remember him a quiet
+good sort of man enough: with a bed-room and kitchen in the area of
+No. 11, New-square; and his dining-room above, serving also for
+consultations: and his going, now and then, only to have a game of
+whist and glass of negus at Serle's;&mdash;but, now, he is a
+perfect <i>Monsieur Tonson</i> to all continental travellers. Never
+can you take up the police-book at the hotels, on the road to
+Italy, without <i>Sir John Leach</i> staring you in the face. The
+other day at the <i>Cloche</i> at Dijon (I will never go there
+again, and beg Sir John to do me the favour to withdraw his
+patronage also,&mdash;the <i>Parc</i> is worth twenty of it),
+yawning over my bottle of <i>Cote d'Or</i>, I inquired of the
+waiter who of my "land's language" had lately been there. "Vy,
+Sare, ve have de Milor Leash." "Lord Leash?"&mdash;"Oui,
+Monsieur;&mdash;mais, Fanchette, apportez le livre ici pour
+Monsieur&mdash;le voila."&mdash;"Ah, ha! Sir John Leach; I
+see."&mdash;"Ah qu'il est bon enfant! qu'il est gai!" exclaimed the
+<i>garcon</i>. "Ah! qu'il est aimable!" sighed
+Fanchette&mdash;Enter De Molin the banker's little bureau at
+Lausanne&mdash;(by the way, it is the favourite chamber of Gibbon
+the historian, and if you pay the house a visit from motives of
+curiosity respecting its former occupant, you will be happy to be
+allowed to remain and converse with the actual owner, for a more
+honourable, liberal, and better-informed man, does not
+exist)&mdash;there, I say, in the glass over the mantlepiece, will
+you see the card of <i>Sir John Leach</i>.
+Milan&mdash;Florence&mdash;the same. At Torlogna's the same. Then
+at Naples: go to San Carlos'; and if you get behind the scenes, ask
+for Braccini, the <i>poet&aacute;</i> of the theatre, who has been
+long in England; "Cospetto di Bacco!" he will exclaim: "il degn
+uomo, quel Vice Cancelliere: il Cavaliere <i>Licci!</i>&mdash;Gran
+Dio! quale talento per la musica!-Cappari! egli ha guadagnato i
+cuori di tutte le donne Napolitane."<a id="footnotetag3" name=
+"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> I
+certainly expect to hear him some day astonish the bar, by
+unwittingly striking up "O Pescator delle onde," or "Sul margine
+del Rio," in the Rolls Court; and, as in ancient Greece ('tis said)
+pleadings were chanted, let us yet hope to hear an argument
+preferred to the tune of "They are a' noddin, noddin, noddin;" an
+answer stated <i>andante</i>; a reply given in a <i>bravura</i>,
+and judgment pronounced <i>presto</i>. With all his faults (if they
+be such, which I do not admit), the present Master of the Rolls is
+a good judge, and an able man;&mdash;"un peu vif, peut-etre," as
+Fanchette might say; and it is more agreeable than otherwise, to
+see one who has devoted his life to the study of the law, enjoying
+himself in lighter pursuits, after having attained rank and dignity
+in the profession; and after having punctually and satisfactorily
+executed the important duties of the day, seeking at its close, and
+participating in the gaiety which society offers. It speaks a good
+heart and cheerful temper; whereas, when we hear a distaste
+declared for music, and that of the highest character, we cannot
+but call to mind "He who has not the concord of <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page184" name="page184"></a>[pg 184]</span> sweet
+sounds" within himself;&mdash;but I will not pursue the quotation.
+Besides, were there persons fools enough to blame Sir John for his
+social propensities, he might answer them as the Parisian coachman
+did.&mdash;"What was that?"&mdash;"Why, a French Jehu was tried in
+1818, for some accident caused by his cabriolet, before the
+Criminal Court of Paris; when, having heard the evidence, the
+President of the Tribunal declared that he stood acquitted, but
+that the court felt it its duty to blame him, and that he was
+blamed accordingly." "Blamed!" exclaimed Jehu; "Blamed!&mdash;I
+don't quite understand your Honor;&mdash;but&mdash;but&mdash;will
+it prevent my handling the ribands, and driving the
+<i>wehicle</i>?"&mdash;"No!" said the judge. "Then, with all
+respect for your Honor, I just laugh at it," said coachee, bowing.
+"And so do I," said the president also, in rising to leave the
+court.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL.</h3>
+<p>These <i>Cartoons</i> were executed by the famous Raphael, while
+engaged in the chambers of the Vatican, under the auspices of Pope
+Julius II. and Leo X. As soon as they were finished, they were sent
+to Flanders to be copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontifical
+apartments; but the tapestries were not conveyed to Rome till after
+the decease of Raphael, and probably not before the dreadful sack
+of that city in 1527, under the pontificate of Clement VII; when
+Raphael's scholars having fled from thence, none were left to
+inquire after the original Cartoons, which lay neglected in the
+storerooms of the manufactory, the money for the tapestry having
+never been paid. The revolution that happened soon after in the low
+countries prevented their being noticed during a period in which
+works of art were wholly neglected. They were purchased by king
+Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens, but had been much
+injured by the weavers. At the sale of the royal pictures in 1653,
+these Cartoons were purchased for 300<i>l</i>. by Oliver Cromwell,
+against whom no one would presume to bid. The protector pawned them
+to the Dutch court for upwards of 50,000<i>l.</i>, and, after the
+revolution, King William brought them over again to England, and
+built a gallery for their reception in Hampton Court. Originally
+there were twelve of these Cartoons, but four of them have been
+destroyed by damps and neglect. The subjects were the adoration of
+the Magi, the conversion of St. Paul, the martyrdom of St. Stephen
+and St. Paul before Felix and Agrippa. Two of these were in the
+possession of the King of Sardinia, and two of Louis XIV. of
+France, who is said to have offered 100,000 louis d'ors for the
+seven, which are justly represented as "the glory of England, and
+the envy of all other polite nations." The twelfth, the subject of
+which was the murder of the innocents, belonged to a private
+gentleman in England, who pledged it for a sum of money; but when
+the person who had taken this valuable deposit found it was to be
+redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing; for which the gentleman
+brought an action against him. A third part of it is still
+remaining in the possession of William Hoare, R.A., at Bath.</p>
+<p><i>Cartoon</i> is derived from the Italian <i>cartone</i>, a
+painting or drawing upon large paper. Raphael died on the same day
+of the year on which he was born, Good Friday, in 1520, at the age
+of thirty-seven, deeply lamented by all who knew his value. His
+body lay for awhile in state in one of the rooms wherein he had
+displayed the powers of his mind, and he was honoured with a public
+funeral; his last produce, the <i>transfiguration</i>, being
+carried before him in the procession. The unrelenting hand of death
+(says his biographer) set a period to his labours, and deprived the
+world of further benefit from his talents, when he had only
+attained an age at which most other men are but beginning to be
+useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear him
+stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his
+lips."</p>
+<h4>P.T.W.</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. WRITTEN ON VISITING WESTMINSTER
+ABBEY.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>My murder'd queen, as on thine image once</p>
+<p>The gaze alike of prince and peasant rested&mdash;</p>
+<p>As if, unsated of thy thrilling glance,</p>
+<p>They never until then of beauty tasted:</p>
+<p>So I, by lonely contemplation led</p>
+<p>To muse awhile amid the silent dead&mdash;</p>
+<p>Turn me from all around I hear or see&mdash;</p>
+<p>From all of Shakspeare and of great to thee:</p>
+<p>And think on all thy wrongs&mdash;on all the shame</p>
+<p>That dims for ever thine oppressor's name;</p>
+<p>On all thy faults, nor few nor far between,</p>
+<p>But then thou wert&mdash;a woman and a queen.</p>
+<p>Proud titles, even in a barb'rous age,</p>
+<p>To stem th' impetuous tide of party rage;</p>
+<p>While as I gaze each well-known feature seems</p>
+<p>To stir with life, and realise my dreams</p>
+<p>That paint thee seated on the Scottish throne,</p>
+<p>With all the blaze of beauty round thee thrown;</p>
+<p>Then see thee passing from thy dungeon cell,</p>
+<p>And hear thy parting sigh&mdash;thy last farewell.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<h4><i>Stray Leaves.</i></h4>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page185" name="page185"></a>[pg
+185]</span>
+<h3>ANCIENT GRECIAN SEPULCHRE</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/273-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/273-2.png" alt=
+"Ancient Grecian Sepulchre" /></a></div>
+<p>A beautiful illustration of an ancient Grecian sepulchre or
+funeral chamber, heads the second chapter of Mr. Britton's "Union
+of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting," from which work we have
+copied the annexed engraved view. The interior of the chamber
+exhibits a skeleton and the urns containing the ashes of the dead.
+The combat leads us to the conclusion, that the tomb contains the
+remains of a chief; for it was the barbarous custom of the Greeks
+to sacrifice captives at the tombs of their heroes.</p>
+<p>Of the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Greeks and other
+nations, we subjoin the following:&mdash;</p>
+<p>The most simple and natural kind of funeral monuments, and
+therefore the most ancient and universal, consist in a mound of
+earth, or a heap of stones, raised over the ashes of the departed:
+of such monuments mention is made in the Book of Joshua, and in
+Homer and Virgil. Many of them still occur in various parts of this
+kingdom, especially in those elevated and sequestered situations
+where they have neither been defaced by agriculture nor
+inundation.</p>
+<p>The ancients are said to have buried their dead in their own
+houses, whence, according to some, the original of that species of
+idolatry consisting in the worship of household gods.</p>
+<p>The place of burial amongst the Jews was never particularly
+determined. We find that they had burial-places upon the highways,
+in gardens, and upon mountains. We read, that Abraham was buried
+with Sarah, his wife, in the cave of Macphelah, in the field of
+Ephron, and Uzziah, King of Judah, slept with his fathers in the
+field of the burial which pertained to the kings.</p>
+<p>The primitive Greeks were buried in places prepared for that
+purpose in their own houses; but in after ages they adopted the
+judicious practice of establishing the burial grounds in desert
+islands, and outside the walls of towns, by that means securing
+them from profanation, and themselves from the liability of
+catching infection from those who had died of contagious
+disorders.</p>
+<p>The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from
+a sacred and civil consideration, that the priests might not be
+contaminated by touching a dead body, and that houses might not be
+endangered by the frequency of funeral fires.</p>
+<p>The custom of burning the dead had its foundation laid deep in
+nature: an anxious fondness to preserve the great and good, the
+dear friend and the near relative, was the sole motive that
+prevailed in the institution of this solemnity. "That seems to me,"
+says Cicero, "to have been the most ancient kind of burial, which,
+according to Xenophon, was used by Cyrus. For the body is returned
+to the earth, and so placed as to be covered with the veil of its
+mother." Pliny also agrees with Cicero upon this point, and says
+the custom of burial preceded <span class="pagenum"><a id="page186"
+name="page186"></a>[pg 186]</span> that of burning among the
+Romans. According to Monfau&ccedil;on, the custom of burning
+entirely ceased at Rome about the time of Theodorius the younger.
+When cremation ceased on the introduction of Christianity, the
+believing Romans, together with the Romanized and converted
+Britons, would necessarily, as it is observed by Mr. Grough,
+"betake themselves to the use of sarcophagi (or coffins,) and
+probably of various kinds, stone, marble, lead," &amp;c. They would
+likewise now first place the body in a position due east and west,
+and thus bestow an unequivocal mark of distinction between the
+funeral deposit of the earliest Roman inhabitants of this island,
+and their Christian successors. The usual places of interment were
+in fields or gardens,<a id="footnotetag4" name=
+"footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> near the
+highway, to be conspicuous, and to remind the passengers how
+transient everything is, that wears the garb of mortality. By this
+means, also, they saved the best part of their land:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>&mdash;Experiar quid concedatur in illos</p>
+<p>Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>Juv. Sat I.</i></span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their
+lifetime. Hence these words frequently occur in ancient
+inscriptions, V.F. Vivus Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs
+of the rich were usually constructed of marble, the ground enclosed
+with walls, and planted round with trees. But common sepulchres
+were usually built below ground, and called hypogea. There were
+niches cut out of the walls, in which the urns were placed: these,
+from their resemblance to the niche of a pigeon-house, were called
+columbaria.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<h3>PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY.</h3>
+<p>I am fond of travelling: yet I never undertake a journey without
+experiencing a vague feeling of melancholy. There is to me
+something strangely oppressive in the preliminaries of departure.
+The packing of a small valise; the settlement of
+accounts&mdash;justly pronounced by Rabelais a <i>blue-devilish</i>
+process; the regulation of books and papers;&mdash;in short, the
+whole routine of valedictory arrangements, are to me as a nightmare
+on the waking spirit. They induce a mood of last wills and
+testaments&mdash;a sense of dislocation, which, next to a vacuum,
+Nature abhors&mdash;and create a species of moral decomposition,
+not unlike that effected on matter by chemical agency. It is not
+that I have to lament the disruption of social connexions or
+domestic ties. This, I am aware, is a trial sometimes borne with
+exemplary fortitude; and I was lately edified by the magnanimous
+unconcern with which a married friend of mine sang the last verse
+of "Home! sweet home!" as the chaise which was to convey him from
+the <i>burthen</i> of his song drove up to the door. It does not
+become a bachelor to speculate on the mysteries of matrimonial
+philosophy; but the feeling of pain with which <i>I</i> enter on
+the task of migration has no affinity with individual sympathies,
+or even with domiciliary attachments. My landlady is, without
+exception, the ugliest woman in London; and the locality of
+Elbow-lane cannot be supposed absolutely to spellbind the affection
+of one occupying, as I do, solitary chambers on the third
+floor.</p>
+<p>The case, it may be supposed, is much worse when it is my lot to
+take leave, after passing a few weeks at the house of a friend in
+the country;&mdash;a house, for instance, such as is to be met with
+only in England:&mdash;with about twenty acres of lawn, but no
+park; with a shrubbery, but no made-grounds; with well-furnished
+rooms, but no conservatory; and with a garden, in which dandy
+tulips and high-bred anemones do not disdain the fellowship of
+honest artichokes and laughing cauliflowers&mdash;no bad
+illustration of the republican union of comfort with elegance which
+reigns through the whole establishment. The master of the mansion,
+perhaps an old and valued schoolfellow:&mdash;his wife, a
+well-bred, accomplished, and still beautiful woman&mdash;cordial,
+without vulgarity&mdash;refined, without pretension&mdash;and
+informed, without a shade of blue! Their children!... But my reader
+will complete the picture, and imagine, better than I can describe,
+how one of my temperament must suffer at quitting such a scene. At
+six o'clock on the dreaded morning, the friendly old butler knocks
+at my room-door, to warn me that the <span class="pagenum"><a id=
+"page187" name="page187"></a>[pg 187]</span> mail will pass in half
+an hour at the end of the green lane. On descending to the parlour,
+I find that my old friend has, in spite of our over-night agreement
+and a slight touch of gout, come down to see me off. His amiable
+lady is pouring out for me a cup of tea&mdash;assuring me that she
+would be quite unhappy at allowing me to depart without that
+indispensable prelude to a journey. A gig waits at the door: my
+affectionate host will not permit me to walk even half a mile. The
+minutes pass unheeded; till, with a face of busy but cordial
+concern, the old butler reminds me that the mail is at hand. I bid
+a hasty and agitated farewell, and turn with loathing to the forced
+companionship of a public vehicle.</p>
+<p>My anti-leave-taking foible is certainly not so much affected
+when I quit the residence of an hotel&mdash;that public
+home&mdash;that wearisome resting-place&mdash;that epitome of the
+world&mdash;that compound of gregarious
+incompatibilities&mdash;that bazaar of character&mdash;that proper
+resort of semi-social egotism and unamalgable
+individualities&mdash;that troublous haven, where the vessel may
+ride and tack, half-sheltered, but finds no anchorage. Yet even the
+Lilliputian ligatures of such a sojourn imperceptibly twine round
+my lethargic habits, and bind me, Gulliver-like, a passive fixture.
+Once, in particular, I remember to have <i>stuck</i> at the
+H&ocirc;tel des Bons Enfants, in Paris&mdash;a place with nothing
+to recommend it to one of ordinary locomotive energies. But there I
+stuck. Business of importance called me to Bordeaux. I lingered for
+two months. At length, by one of those nervous efforts peculiar to
+weak resolutions, I made my arrangements, secured my emancipation,
+and found myself on the way to the starting-place of the Diligence.
+I well remember the day: 'twas a rainy afternoon in spring. The
+aspect of the gayest city in the world was dreary and comfortless.
+The rain dripped perpendicularly from the eves of the houses,
+exemplifying the axiom, that lines are composed of a succession of
+points. At the corners of the streets it shot a curved torrent from
+the projecting spouts, flooding the channels, and drenching, with a
+sudden drum-like sound, the passing umbrellas, whose varied tints
+of pink, blue, and orange, like the draggled finery of feathers and
+flounces beneath them, only made the scene more glaringly desolate.
+Then came the rush and splatter of cabriolets, scattering terror
+and defilement. The well-mounted English dandy shows his sense by
+hoisting his parapluie; the French dragoon curls his mustachio at
+such effeminacy, and braves the liquid bullets in the genuine
+spirit of Marengo; the old French count picks his elastic steps
+with the placid and dignified philosophy of the <i>ancien
+r&eacute;gime</i>; while the Parisian dames, of all ranks, ages,
+and degrees, trip along, with one leg undraped, exactly in
+proportion to the shapeliness of its configuration.</p>
+<p>The huge clock of the Messag&eacute;ries Royales told three as I
+entered the gateway. The wide court had an air of humid dreariness.
+On one side stood a dozen of those moving caravansaras, the
+national vehicles, with their leathern caps&mdash;like those of
+Danish sailors in a north-wester&mdash;hanging half off, soaked
+with wet. Opposite was the range of offices, busy with all the
+peculiar importance of French <i>bureaucracie.</i> Their clerks,
+decorated with ribbons and crosses, wield their pens with all the
+conscious dignity of secretaries of state; and "<i>book</i>" a bale
+or a parcel as though they were signing a treaty, or granting an
+amnesty. The meanest <i>employ&eacute;</i> seems to think himself
+invested with certain occult powers. His civility savours of
+government patronage; and his frown is inquisitorial. To his
+fellows, his address is abrupt and diplomatic. He seems to speak in
+cipher, and to gesticulate by some rule of freemasonry. But to the
+<i>uninitiated</i> he is explanatory to a scruple, as though
+mischief might ensue from his being misapprehended. He makes sure
+of your understanding by an emphasis, which reminds one of the
+loudness of tone used towards a person supposed to be hard of
+hearing&mdash;a proceeding not very flattering where there happens
+to be neither dulness nor deafness in the case. In a word, the
+measured pedantry of his whole deportment betrays the happy
+conviction in which he rejoices of being conversant with matters
+little dreamt of in your philosophy. Among the bystanders, too,
+there are some who might, probably with more reason, boast their
+proficiency in mysterious lore&mdash;fellows of smooth aspect and
+polite demeanour, whom at first you imagine to have become casual
+spectators from mere lack of better pastime, but whose furtive
+glances and vagrant attention betray the familiars of the
+police&mdash;that complex and mighty engine of modern structure,
+which, far more surely than the "ear of Dionysius," conveys to the
+tympanum of power each echoed sigh and reverberated whisper. It is
+a chilling thing to feel one's budding confidence in a new
+acquaintance nipped by such frosty suspicions; yet&mdash;Heaven
+forgive me!&mdash;the bare idea has, before now, caused me to drop,
+unscented, the pinch of <i>carote</i> which has been courteously
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page188" name="page188"></a>[pg
+188]</span> tendered by some coffee-house companion. In the group
+before me, I fancied that I could distinguish some of this ungentle
+brotherhood; and my averted eye rested with comparative complacency
+even on a couple of <i>gens d'armes</i>, who were marching up and
+down before the door, and whose long swords and voluminous cocked
+hats never appeared to me less offensive.</p>
+<p>In the mean time, knots of travellers were congregating round
+the different vehicles about to depart. In the centre of each
+little band stood the main point of attraction&mdash;Monsieur le
+Conducteur&mdash;that important personage, whose prototype we look
+for in vain among the dignitaries of Lad-lane, or the
+Bull-and-Mouth, and whose very name can only be translated by
+borrowing one of Mr. M'Adam's titles&mdash;"the Colossus of
+<i>Roads</i>." With fur cap, official garb, and the excursive eye
+of a martinet, he inspects every detail of preparation&mdash;sees
+each passenger stowed <i>seriatim</i> in his special
+place&mdash;then takes his position in front&mdash;gives the word
+to his jack-booted vice, whose responsive whip cracks
+assent&mdash;and away rolls the ponderous machine, with all the
+rumbling majesty of a three-decker from off the
+stocks.&mdash;<i>Monthly Magazine</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>EPIGRAM.</h3>
+<h3>THE RETORT MEDICAL.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Quoth Doctor Squill of Ponder's End,</p>
+<p>"Of all the patients I attend,</p>
+<p class="i2">Whate'er their aches or ails,</p>
+<p>None ever will my fame attack."</p>
+<p class="i2">"None ever can," retorted Jack:</p>
+<p>"For dead men tell no tales"</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em"><i>New Monthly
+Magazine</i>.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>CIRCASSIAN WOMEN.</h3>
+<p>We observed two women looking out of a balcony, and earnestly
+beckoning to us. We were the more surprised at their appearance, as
+we believed that the Mahometan women of the Caucasus, like those of
+Persia, were strictly confined to the interior of their houses, or
+that, at all events, they never went unveiled, a custom which we
+found was not general among the inhabitants of the Caucasus. We,
+however, entered the house, and saw in the court two Russian
+grenadiers, who, by a mistake of their corporal, had taken there
+quarters here, and whose presence was the cause of the inquietude
+manifested by the two ladies, who, with an old man, were the only
+inhabitants of the house. Whilst the soldiers were explaining these
+things to us, they appeared at the top of the stairs, and again
+renewed their invitation by violent gesticulations. On a nearer
+approach, we guessed by their age that they were mother and
+daughter. The former, who still preserved much of the freshness and
+beauty of youth, wore very tight trousers, a short tunic, and a
+veil, which fell in graceful folds on her back, while round her
+neck she had some valuable jewels, though badly mounted. With
+respect to the daughter, who was scarcely fifteen years of age, she
+was so extraordinarily beautiful, that both my companion and myself
+remained awhile motionless, and struck with admiration. Never in my
+life have I seen a more perfect form. Her dress consisted of a
+short white tunic, almost transparent, fastened only at the throat
+by a clasp. A veil, negligently thrown over one shoulder, permitted
+part of her beautiful ebony tresses to be seen. Her trousers were
+of an extremely fine tissue, and her socks of the most delicate
+workmanship. The old man received us in a room adjoining the
+staircase: he was seated on the carpet, smoking a small pipe,
+according to the custom of the inhabitants of the Caucasus, who
+cultivate tobacco. He made repeated signs to us to sit down, that
+is to say, in the Asiatic manner, a posture extremely inconvenient
+for those who, like ourselves, wore long and tight trousers, whilst
+the two beautiful women on their side earnestly seconded his
+request. We complied with it, though it was the first time that
+either of us had made the essay. The ladies, having left the room
+for a moment, returned with a salver of dried fruits, and a
+beverage made of sugar and milk; but I was so much engaged in
+admiring their personal attractions, that I paid but little
+attention to their presents. It appeared to me an inconceivable
+caprice of nature to have produced such prodigies of perfection
+amidst such a rude and barbarous people, who value their women less
+than their stirrups. My companion, who like myself was obliged to
+accept of their refreshments, remarked to me, whilst the old man
+was conversing with them, what celebrity a woman so transcendently
+beautiful as the daughter was would acquire in any of the capitals
+of Europe, had she but received the benefits of a suitable
+education.&mdash;<i>Van Halen's Narrative.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page189" name="page189"></a>[pg
+189]</span>
+<h3>AUSTRALIAN IMPORTUNITY.</h3>
+<p>As beggars, the whole world will not produce their match. They
+do not attempt to <i>coax</i> you, but firmly rely on incessant
+importunity; following you, side by side, from street to street, as
+constant as your shadow, pealing in your ears the never ceasing
+sound of "Massa, gim me a dum! massa, gim me a dum!" (dump.) If you
+have the fortitude to resist <i>firmly</i>, on two or three
+assaults, you may enjoy ever after a life of immunity; but by once
+<i>complying</i>, you entail yourself a plague which you will not
+readily throw off, every gift only serving to embolden them in
+making subsequent demands, and with still greater perseverance.
+Neither are their wishes moderately gratified on this
+head&mdash;less than a dump (fifteen pence) seldom proving
+satisfactory. When walking out one morning, I accidentally met a
+young scion of our black tribes, on turning the corner of the
+house, who saluted me with "Good morning, sir, good morning;" to
+which I in like manner responded, and was proceeding onwards, when
+my dingy acquaintance arrested my attention by his loud
+vociferation of "Top, sir, I want to peak to you." "Well, what is
+it?" said I. "Why, you know I am your <i>servant</i>, and you have
+never paid me yet." "The devil you are!" responded I "it is the
+first time I knew of it, for I do not recollect ever seeing your
+face before." "Oh yes, I <i>am</i> your servant," replied he, very
+resolutely; "don't I top about Massa &mdash;&mdash;'s, and boil the
+kettle sometimes for you in the morning?" I forthwith put my hand
+in my pocket, and gave him all the halfpence I had, which I left
+him carefully counting, and proceeded on my walk; but before
+advancing a quarter of a mile, my ears were again assailed with
+loud shouts of "Hallo! top, top!" I turned round, and observed my
+friend in "the dark suit" beckoning with his hand, and walking very
+leisurely toward me. Thinking he was despatched with some message,
+I halted, but as he walked on as slowly as if deeming I ought
+rather to go to him than he come to me, I forthwith returned to
+meet him; but on reaching close enough, what was my astonishment on
+his holding out the halfpence in his open hand, and addressing me
+in a loud, grumbling, demanding tone with&mdash;"Why this is not
+enough to buy a loaf! you must give me more." "Then buy <i>half</i>
+a loaf," said I, wheeling about and resuming my walk, not without a
+good many hard epithets in return from my
+kettle-boiler.&mdash;<i>Cunningham's Two Years in New South
+Wales</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>CONFESSION OF THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I.</h3>
+<p>There have been great disputes about the person who beheaded
+Charles I. Mr. Ellis says, "it seems most probable that the person
+who actually beheaded the king was the common executioner." And
+then adds the following valuable and interesting note, which seems
+to us to settle the question.</p>
+<p>"Among the tracts relating to the civil war, which were given to
+the British Museum by his late majesty King George III. in 1762,
+there are three upon this subject. One is entitled, 'The Confession
+of Richard Brandon the Hangman (upon his death-bed), concerning his
+beheading his late Majesty. Printed in the year of the hangman's
+downfall, 1649.' The second is entitled, 'The last Will and
+Testament of Richard Brandon,' printed in the same year. The third
+is, 'A Dialogue or Dispute between the late Hangman (the same
+person), and Death,' in verse, without date. All three are in
+quarto."</p>
+<p>The following are the most important paragraphs of the first
+tract:</p>
+<p>"The confession of the hangman concerning his beheading his late
+majesty the king of Great Britain (upon his death-bed) who was
+buried on Thursday last in Whitechapel church-yard, with the manner
+thereof:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"Upon Wednesday last (being the 20th of this instant, June
+1649), Richard Brandon, the late executioner and hangman, who
+beheaded his late majesty, king of Great Britain, departed this
+life; but during the time of his sicknesse his conscience was much
+troubled, and exceedingly perplexed in mind, yet little shew of
+repentance for remission of his sins, and by past transgressions,
+which had so much power and influence upon him, that he seemed to
+live in them, and they in him. And on Sunday last, a young man of
+his acquaintance going to visit him, fell into discourse, asked him
+how he did, and whether he was not troubled in conscience for
+cutting off the king's head. He replyed, 'yes, by reason that (upon
+the time of his tryall, and at the denouncing of sentence against
+him,) he had taken a vow and protestation, wishing God to punish
+him body and soul, if ever he appeared on the scaffold to do the
+act, or lift up his hand against him.'</p>
+<p>"He likewise confessed that he had thirty pounds for his pains,
+all paid him in half-crowns, within an hour after the blow was
+given; and that he had an orange stuck full of cloves, and a
+handkircher <span class="pagenum"><a id="page190" name=
+"page190"></a>[pg 190]</span> out of the king's pocket, so soon as
+he was carried off from the scaffold, for which orange he was
+proffered twenty shillings by a gentleman in Whitehall, but refused
+the same, and afterwards sold it for ten shillings in
+Rosemary-lane. About six of the clock at night, he returned home to
+his wife living in Rosemary-lane, and gave her the money, saying,
+that it was the deerest money that ever he earned in his life, for
+it would cost him his life; which prophetical words were soon made
+manifest, for it appeared, that ever since he hath been in a most
+sad condition, and upon the Almightie's first scourging of him with
+the rod of sicknesse, and the friendly admonition of divers friends
+for the calling of him to repentance, yet he persisted on in his
+vicious vices, and would not hearken thereunto, but lay raging and
+swearing, and still pointing at one thing or another, which he
+conceived to be still visible before him."</p>
+<p>"About three days before he dy'd, he lay speechlesse, uttering
+many a sigh and heavy groan, and so in a most desperate manner
+departed from his bed of sorrow. For the buriall whereof great
+store of wines were sent in by the sheriff of the city of London,
+and a great multitude of people stood wayting to see his corpse
+carryed to the church-yard, some crying act, 'Hang him, rogue!'
+'Bury him in the dunghill;' others pressing upon him, saying, they
+would quarter him for executing of the king: insomuch that the
+churchwardens and masters of the parish were fain to come for the
+suppressing of them, and (with great difficulty) he was at last
+carryed to White Chappell church-yard, having (as it is said) a
+bunch of rosemary at each end of the coffin, on the top thereof,
+with a rope tyed crosse from one end to the other.</p>
+<p>"And a merry conceited cook living at the sign of the Crown,
+having a black fan (worth the value of thirty shillings), took a
+resolution to rent the same in pieces, and to every feather tied a
+piece of pack-thread dyed in black ink, and gave them to divers
+persons, who (in derision) for a while wore them in their hats.</p>
+<p>"Thus have I given thee an exact account and perfect relation of
+the life and death of Richard Brandon, to the end that the world
+may be convinced of those calumnious speeches and erroneous
+suggestions which are dayly spit from the mouth of envy against
+divers persons of great worth and eminency, by casting an odium
+upon them for the executing of the king; it being now made manifest
+that the aforesaid executioner was the only man who gave the fatal
+blow, and his man that wayted upon him, was a ragman (of the name
+of Ralph Jones) living in Rosemary-lane."&mdash;<i>Ellis's
+Historical Inquiries.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE.</h3>
+<p>The night was rather dark, and we had not seen the figure of our
+postilion, or even heard his voice; but we suspected, by the
+slowness of his movements, that he was some old crony of his
+master. On arriving towards the end of the relay, he began to blow
+a bugle with all his might, surprising us with a number of
+flourishes. Mr. Koch informed me that we were going to cross a
+small river, and that the blast with which we had been regaled was
+a warning for the bargeman. Our vehicle then stopped before the
+door of an inn, which stood on an elevated spot, and the postilion,
+alighting, asked Mr. Koch's permission to enter the inn to drink a
+glass of brandy, whilst the bargeman answered his sign. It was
+midnight, and we expected soon to cross the river; but after
+waiting a quarter of an hour for his return, and seeing that the
+fellow did not come out, I alighted, and proceeded towards a
+window, where a light was perceivable. As I looked through it, I
+saw what I certainly did not expect, but what convinced me that the
+flourishes of his bugle were addressed to a very different person
+from the bargeman. Our postilion was sitting near a table, with a
+huge flagon beside him, and a wench on his knee. Provoked beyond
+expression at this unseasonable courtship, I shook the window till
+it flew open, and, before my companion had time to alight and
+witness the scene, both the hero and the heroine came to the door
+of the inn, the latter holding a lantern in her hand, by which I
+observed she was an ugly kitchen wench of about eighteen, and he a
+young man of five-and-twenty. Displeased with my interruption, he
+muttered something at my impatience, and at the unseasonableness of
+my call, and again blew his bugle, though by no means so vigorously
+as he had before done; after which we gained the barge, and
+continued our way without farther interruption.&mdash;<i>Van
+Halen's Narrative.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>BARBARISM OF THE CAUCASIAN TRIBES.</h3>
+<p>Opposite to our encampment, on the other side of the Alazann,
+and at a distance of eighteen or twenty wersts, is the city of
+Belohakan, situated at the foot of the Caucasus, and inhabited by
+the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page191" name="page191"></a>[pg
+191]</span> Eingalos, a people whom the Lesghis keep in the most
+horrible state of slavery, and who formerly belonged to Georgia;
+but who being too industrious, and attached to their native soil,
+would never abandon it, during the different revolutions which that
+country has undergone, and became subject to their present masters.
+That city carries on a great trade with Teflis, principally in
+bourkas, which are manufactured there; and as the traders pass
+through Karakhach, our colonel, who was the commandant of this
+district, and from whom they must obtain a passport for Georgia,
+was obliged to have near him an Eingalo, who understood the Russian
+language, and served as interpreter. This man had become so
+familiarized with the officers, that the colonel allowed him to sit
+at our table. One day we remarked that the interpreter was absent,
+a circumstance which seldom occurred; but, as we were finishing our
+dessert, he entered the dining-room in high spirits, bringing under
+his arm a bundle, carefully tied, which, he said, contained a fine
+water melon for our dessert. This fruit, in the middle of December,
+is considered a great delicacy, and we all expressed a wish that he
+should produce it, when he immediately untied the bundle, and, to
+our great Horror, we beheld the head of a Lesghi, whom he had
+killed in fight on the other side of the Alazann during a sporting
+expedition, roll on the table. Disgusted at this action, which
+among these barbarous mountaineers would pass as an excellent joke,
+we all rose from table, and retired to another apartment, whilst
+the Eingalo sat down to dinner, and, at every mouthful he took,
+amused himself with turning the head, which he kept close to his
+plate, first one way and then another.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>MISCELLANIES</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>RELIGIOUS FORTUNE TELLING.</h3>
+<p>The <i>Sortes Sanctorum</i>, or <i>Sortes Sacrae</i>, of the
+Christians, has been illustrated in the <i>Classical
+Journal</i>.</p>
+<p>These, the writer observes, were a species of divination
+practised in the earlier ages of Christianity, and consisted in
+casually opening the Holy Scriptures, and from the words which
+first presented themselves deducing the future lot of the inquirer.
+They were evidently derived from the <i>Sortes Homerica</i> and
+<i>Sortes Virgilanae</i> of the Pagans, but accommodated to their
+own circumstances by the Christians.</p>
+<p>Complete copies of the Old and New Testaments being rarely met
+with prior to the invention of printing, the Psalms, the Prophets,
+or the four Gospels, were the parts of holy writ principally made
+use of in these consultations, which were sometimes accompanied
+with various ceremonies, and conducted with great solemnity,
+especially on public occasions. Thus the emperor Heraclius in the
+war against the Persians, being at a loss whether to advance or
+retreat, commanded a public fast for three days, at the end of
+which he applied to the four Gospels, and opened upon a text which
+he regarded as an oracular intimation to winter in Albania.
+Gregory, of Tours, also relates that Meroveus, being desirous of
+obtaining the kingdom of Chilperic, his father consulted a female
+fortune-teller, who promised him the possession of royal estates;
+but to prevent deception and to try the truth of her
+prognostications, he caused the Psalter, the Book of Kings, and the
+four Gospels to be laid upon the shrine of St. Martin, and after
+fasting and solemn prayer, opened upon passages which not only
+destroyed his former hopes, but seemed to predict the unfortunate
+events which afterwards befel him.</p>
+<p>A French writer, in 506, says, "this abuse was introduced by the
+superstition of the people, and afterwards gained ground by the
+ignorance of the bishops." This appears evident from Pithon's
+Collection of Canons, containing some forms under the title of
+<i>The Lot of the Apostles</i>. These were found at the end of the
+Canons of the Apostles in the Abbey of Marmousier. Afterwards,
+various canons were made in the different councils and synods
+against this superstition; these continued to be framed in the
+councils of London under Archbishop Lanfranc in 1075, and Corboyl
+in 1126.</p>
+<p>The founder of the Francisians, it seems, having denied himself
+the possession of any thing but coats and a cord, and still having
+doubts whether he might not possess books, first prayed, and then
+casually opened upon Mark, chapter iv, "Unto you it is given to
+know the mystery of the kingdom of God; but unto them that are
+without, all these things are done in parables;" from which he drew
+the conclusion, that books were not necessary for him.</p>
+<p>One Peter of Thoulouse being accused of heresy, and having
+denied it upon oath, one of those who stood by, in order to judge
+of the truth of his oath, seized the book upon which he had sworn,
+and opening it hastily, met with the words of the devil to our
+Saviour, "What have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?"
+and from thence concluded that the accused <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page192" name="page192"></a>[pg 192]</span> was
+guilty, and had nothing to do with Christ!</p>
+<p>The extraordinary case also of King Charles I. and Lord
+Falkland, as applicable to divination of this kind, is related.
+Being together at Oxford, they went one day to see the public
+library, and were shown, among other books, a Virgil, finely
+printed and exquisitely bound. Lord Falkland, to divert the king,
+proposed that he should make a trial of his fortune by the
+<i>Sortes Virgilanae</i>. The king opening the book, the passage he
+happened to light upon was part of Dido's imprecation against
+Aeneas in lib. iv. l. 615. King Charles seeming concerned at the
+accident, Lord Falkland would likewise try his own fortune, hoping
+he might fall upon some passage that could have no relation to his
+case, and thus divert the king's thoughts from any impression the
+other might have upon him; but the place Lord Falkland stumbled
+upon was still more suited to his destiny, being the expressions of
+Evander upon the untimely death of his son Pallas, lib. xi. Lord
+Falkland fell in the battle of Newbury, in 1644, and Charles was
+beheaded in 1649.</p>
+<p>The kind of divination among the Jews, termed by them Bath Kol,
+or the daughter of the voice, was not very dissimilar to the
+<i>Sortes Sanctorum</i> of the Christians. The mode of practising
+it was by appealing to the first words accidentally heard from any
+one speaking or reading. The following is an instance from the
+Talmud:&mdash;Rabbi Jochanau and Rabbi Simeon. Ben Lachish,
+desiring to see the face of R. Samuel, a Babylonish doctor: "Let us
+follow," said they, "the hearing of Bath Kol." Travelling,
+therefore, near a school, they heard the voice of a boy: reading
+these words out of the First Book of Samuel, "And Samuel died."
+They observed this, and inferred from hence that their friend
+Samuel was dead, and so they found it. Some of the ancient
+Christians too, it seems, used to go to church with a purpose of
+receiving as the will of heaven the words of scripture that were
+singing at their entrance.</p>
+<p>To pay a very great deference in opening upon a place of
+scripture, as to its affording an assurance of salvation, used to
+be a very common practice amongst the people called Methodists, but
+chiefly those of the Calvinistic persuasion; this, it is probable,
+has declined in proportion with the earnestness of these people in
+other respects. They had also another opinion, viz. that if the
+recollection of any particular text of scripture happened to arise
+in their minds, this was likewise looked upon as a kind of
+immediate revelation from heaven. This they call being presented or
+brought home to them!</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE GATHERER</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"I am but a <i>Gatherer</i> and disposer of other men's
+stuff."&mdash;<i>Wotton</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr />
+<p>Whoever the following story may be fathered on, Sir John
+Hamilton was certainly its parent. The duke of Rutland, at one of
+his levees, being at a loss (as probably most kings, princes, and
+viceroys occasionally are) for something to say to every person he
+was bound in etiquette to notice, remarked to Sir John Hamilton
+that there was "a prospect of an excellent crop:&mdash;the timely
+rain," observed the duke, "will bring every thing above ground."
+"God forbid, your excellency!" exclaimed the courtier. His
+excellency stared, whilst Sir John continued, sighing heavily as he
+spoke:&mdash;"yes, God forbid! for I have got <i>three wives</i>
+under it."&mdash;<i>Barrington's Sketches</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>It is a singular circumstance that Italia, or, as it is called
+in English, Italy, has, under all the changes and revolutions to
+which it has been subjected, always preserved its name. Every other
+country in Europe is now known to its inhabitants by other names
+than were given to it by their ancestors in the time of the Romans;
+but Italia continues to be the name of the country at the present
+day, and we have no authentic records by which we can ascertain
+that it ever bore any other.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>SINGULAR INSCRIPTION.</h3>
+<p><i>Written over the Ten Commandments in a church in
+Wales.</i></p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>PRSVRYPRFCTMN</p>
+<p>VRKPTHSPRCPTSTN</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The meaning can only be developed by adding the vowel E, which
+makes the sense thus&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Persevere ye perfect men</p>
+<p>Ever keep these precepts ten.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<p>In a new farce, supposed to have been written by Maddocks, was
+the following curious pun:&mdash;A large party of soldiers
+surprising two resurrection men in a church-yard, the officer
+seized one of them, and asked him what he had to say for himself.
+"Say, sir! why, that we came here to raise a <i>corpse</i>, and not
+a <i>regiment!</i>"</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name=
+"footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Monsieur Monge has drawn much from our countryman, Hamilton's
+work on Stereography but he has not mentioned his work.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name=
+"footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p><i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. xxx.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name=
+"footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>By Bacchus! what a worthy man is the Vice Chancellor, the
+Chevalier Leach! gods! what a taste for music; i' faith he has
+gained the hearts of all the Neapolitan ladies.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name=
+"footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>Our blessed Saviour chose the garden sometime for his oratory,
+and, dying, for the place of his sepulture; and we also do avouch,
+for many weighty causes, that there are none more fit to bury our
+dead in than in our gardens and groves where our beds may he decked
+with verdant and fragrant flowers. Trees and perennial plants, the
+most natural and instructive hieroglyphics of our expected
+resurrection and immortality, besides what they might conduce to
+the meditation of the living, and the taking off our cogitations
+from dwelling too intently upon more vain and sensual objects: that
+custom of burying in churches, and near about them, especially in
+great and populous cities, being both a novel presumption,
+indecent, and very prejudicial to health.&mdash;<i>Evelyn's
+Discourse on Forest Trees</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, London;
+sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
+Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 273, September 15, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11387]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 273 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, L. Barber, David King, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 273. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1827. PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+GASPARD MONGE'S MAUSOLEUM.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+Sir,--As one of your correspondents has favoured you with a drawing of
+the gaol I designed for the city and county of Norwich, with which you
+have embellished a recent number of the MIRROR, I flatter myself that an
+engraving from the drawing I herewith send you of the mausoleum of
+Gaspard Monge, which I drew while at Paris, in 1822, will also be
+interesting to the readers of your valuable little miscellany. Gaspard
+Monge, whose remains are deposited in the burying ground in Pere la
+Chaise, at Paris, in a magnificent mausoleum, was professor of geometry
+in the Polytechnique School at Paris, and with Denon accompanied
+Napoleon Bonaparte on his memorable expedition to Egypt; one to make
+drawings of the architectural antiquities and sculpture, and the other
+the geographical delineations of that ancient country. He returned to
+Paris, where he assisted Denon in the publication of his antiquities. At
+his decease the pupils of the Polytechnique School erected this
+mausoleum to his memory, as a testimony of their esteem, after a design
+made by his friend, Monsieur Denon. The mausoleum is of Egyptian
+architecture, with which Denon had become familiarly acquainted.
+
+There is a bust of Monge placed on a terminal pedestal underneath a
+canopy in the upper compartment, which canopy is open in front and in
+the back. In the crown cavetto of the cornice is an Egyptian winged
+globe, entwined with serpents, emblematical of time and eternity; and on
+the faci below is engraved the following line:--
+
+    A. GASPARD MONGE.
+
+On each side of the upper compartment is inscribed the following
+_memento mori_:
+
+    LES ELEVES
+    DE L'ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE.
+    A.G. MONGE.
+    COMTE DE PELUSE.
+
+Underneath this inscription is carved in sunk work an Egyptian lotus
+flower in an upright position; on the back of the mausoleum is the date
+of the year in which Gaspard Monge died. The body is in the cemetery
+below.
+
+    AN. MDCCCXX.
+
+Monge was a man of considerable merit as a geometrician, and, while
+living, stood preeminent above his contemporaries in the French school
+of that day. He is the author of several works, but his most popular one
+is entitled "Geometrie Descriptive. par G. Monge, de l'Institut des
+Sciences, Lettres et Arts, de l'Ecole Polytechnique; Membre du Senat
+Conservateur, Grand Officier de la Legion d'Honeur et Cointe de
+l'Empire."
+
+The programme to this work is interesting, as it urges the necessity of
+making geometry a branch of the national education, and points out the
+beneficial results that would arise therefrom. The following is the
+translation:--
+
+To draw the French nation from the dependence, which, even in the
+present day it is obliged to place in foreign industry, it is necessary
+first to direct the national education towards the knowledge of those
+objects which require a correctness which hitherto has been totally
+neglected; to accustom the hands of our artists to the management of the
+various instruments that are necessary to measure the different degrees
+of work, and to execute them with precision; then the finisher becomes
+sensible of the accuracy it will require in the different works, and he
+will be enabled to set the necessary value on it. For our artists to
+become, from their youth, familiar with geometry, and to be in a
+condition to attain it, it is necessary in the second place to render
+popular the knowledge of a great number of natural phenomena that are
+indispensable to the progress of industry; they will then profit for the
+advancement of the general instruction of the nation, which by a
+fortunate circumstance it has at its disposal, the principal resources
+that are necessary for it. Lastly, it is requisite to extend among our
+artists the knowledge of the advancement of the arts and that of
+machines, whose object is either to diminish manual labour or to give to
+the result of labour more uniformity and precision; and on those heads
+it must be confessed we have much to draw from foreign nations.[1] All
+these views can only be accomplished by giving a new turn to national
+education.
+
+    [1] Monsieur Monge has drawn much from our countryman,
+    Hamilton's work on Stereography but he has not mentioned his
+    work.
+
+This is to be done, in the first place, by making all intelligent young
+men (who are born with a fortune) familiar with the use of descriptive
+geometry, so that they may be able to employ their capital more
+profitably both for themselves and the nation, and also for those who
+have no other fortune than their education, so that their labour will
+bring them the greater reward. This art has two principal objects, the
+first to represent with exactness, from drawings which have only two
+dimensions, objects which have three, and which are susceptible of a
+strict definition; under this point of view it is a language necessary
+to the man of genius when he conceives a project, and to those who are
+to have the direction of it; and lastly, to the artists who are
+themselves to execute the different parts.
+
+The second object of descriptive geometry, is to deduce from the exact
+description of bodies all that necessarily follows of their forms and
+their respective positions; in this sense it is a means of seeking
+truth, as it offers perpetual examples of the passage from what is known
+to what is unknown, and as it is always applied to objects susceptible
+of the minutest evidence, it is necessary that it should form part of
+the plan of a national education. It is not only fit to exercise the
+intellectual faculties of a great people, and to contribute thereby to
+the perfection of mankind, but it is also indispensable to all workmen,
+whose end is to give to certain bodies determined forms, and it is
+principally owing to the methods of this art having been too little
+extended, or in fact almost entirely neglected, that the progress of our
+industry has been so slow. We shall contribute then to give an
+advantageous direction to national education, by making our young artist
+familiar with the application of descriptive geometry, to the graphic
+constructions which are necessary in the greater number of the arts, and
+in making use of this geometry in the representation and determination
+of the elements of machinery, by means of which, man by the aid of the
+forces of nature, reserves for himself, in a manner, in his operations
+no other labour than that of his intellects. It is no less advantageous
+to extend the knowledge of those phenomena of nature which may be turned
+to the profit of the arts. The charm which accompanies them will
+overcome the repugnance that men have in general for manual operations,
+(which most regard as painful and laborious,) as it will make them find
+pleasure in the exercise of their intellect; thus there ought to be in
+the formal school a course of descriptive geometry.
+
+As yet we have no well compiled elementary work on that art, because
+till this time learned men have taken too little interest in it, or it
+has only been practised in an obscure manner by persons whose education
+had not been sufficiently extended, and were unable to communicate the
+result of their lucubrations. A course simply oral would be absolutely
+without effect. It is necessary then, for the course of descriptive
+geometry, that practice and execution be joined to the hearing of
+methods; thus pupils will be exercised in graphic construction of
+descriptive geometry. The graphic arts have general methods with which
+we can only become familiar by the use of the rule and compass. Among
+the different applications that may be made of descriptive geometry,
+there are _two_ which are remarkable, both for their universality and
+their ingenuity; these are the constructions of _perspective_ and the
+strict determination of the _shadows_. These two parts may finally be
+considered as the completion of the art of describing objects.
+
+R. BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+AN IDLER'S ALBUM; OR, SKETCHES OF MEN AND THINGS.
+
+
+THE RADIANT BOY.
+
+
+It is now more than twenty years since the late Lord Londonderry was,
+for the first time, on a visit to a gentleman in the north of Ireland.
+The mansion was such a one as spectres are fabled to inhabit. It was
+associated with many recollections of historic times, and the sombre
+character of its architecture, and the wildness of its surrounding
+scenery, were calculated to impress the soul with that tone of
+melancholy and elevation, which,--if it be not considered as a
+predisposition to welcome the visitation of those unearthly substances
+that are impalpable to our sight in moments of less hallowed
+sentiment,--is indisputably the state of mind in which the imagination
+is most readily excited, and the understanding most favourably inclined
+to grant a credulous reception to its visions. The apartment also which
+was appropriated to Lord Londonderry, was calculated to foster such a
+tone of feeling. From its antique appointments; from the dark and
+richly-carved panels of its wainscot; from its yawning width and height
+of chimney--looking like the open entrance to a tomb, of which the
+surrounding ornaments appeared to form the sculptures and the
+entablature;--from the portraits of grim men and severe-eyed women,
+arrayed in orderly procession along the walls, and scowling a
+contemptuous enmity against the degenerate invader of their gloomy
+bowers and venerable halls; from the vast, dusky, ponderous, and
+complicated draperies that concealed the windows, and hung with the
+gloomy grandeur of funereal trappings about the hearse-like piece of
+furniture that was destined for his bed,--Lord L., on entering his
+apartment, might be conscious of some mental depression, and surrounded
+by such a world of melancholy images, might, perhaps, feel himself more
+than usually inclined to submit to the influences of superstition. It is
+not possible that these sentiments should have been allied to any
+feelings of apprehension. Fear is acknowledged to be a most mighty
+master over the visions of the imagination. It can "call spirits from
+the vasty deep"--and they do come, when it does call for them. It
+trembles at the anticipation of approaching evil, and then encounters in
+every passing shadow the substance of the dream it trembled at. But such
+could not have been the origin of the form which addressed itself to the
+view of Lord Londonderry. Fear is a quality that was never known to
+mingle in the character of a Stewart. Lord Londonderry examined his
+chamber--he made himself acquainted with the forms and faces of the
+ancient possessors of the mansion, who sat up right in their ebony
+frames to receive his salutation; and then, after dismissing his valet,
+he retired to bed. His candles had not been long extinguished, when he
+perceived a light gleaming on the draperies of the lofty canopy over his
+head. Conscious that there was no fire in the grate--that the curtains
+were closed--that the chamber had been in perfect darkness but a few
+moments before, he supposed that some intruder must have accidentally
+entered his apartment; and, turning hastily round to the side from which
+the light proceeded--saw--to his infinite astonishment--not the form of
+any human visiter--but the figure of a fair boy, who seemed to be
+garmented in rays of mild and tempered glory, which beamed palely from
+his slender form, like the faint light of the declining moon, and
+rendered the objects which were nearest to him dimly and indistinctly
+visible. The spirit stood at some short distance from the side of the
+bed. Certain that his own faculties were not deceiving him, but
+suspecting that he might be imposed upon by the ingenuity of some of the
+numerous guests who were then visiting in the same house, Lord
+Londonderry proceeded towards the figure. It retreated before him. As he
+slowly advanced, the form, with equal paces, slowly retired. It entered
+the vast arch of the capacious chimney, and then sunk into the earth.
+Lord L. returned to his bed; but not to rest. His mind was harassed by
+the consideration of the extraordinary event which had occurred to him.
+Was it real?--was it the work of imagination?--was it the result of
+imposture?--It was all incomprehensible. He resolved in the morning not
+to mention the appearance till he should have well observed the manners
+and the countenances of the family: he was conscious that, if any
+deception had been practised, its authors would be too delighted with
+their success to conceal the vanity of their triumph. When the guests
+assembled at the breakfast-table, the eye of Lord Londonderry searched
+in vain for those latent smiles--those cunning looks--that silent
+communication between the parties--by which the authors and abettors of
+such domestic conspiracies are generally betrayed. Every thing
+apparently proceeded in its ordinary course. The conversation flowed
+rapidly along from the subjects afforded at the moment, without any of
+the constraint which marks a party intent upon some secret and more
+interesting argument, and endeavouring to afford an opportunity for its
+introduction. At last the hero of the tale found himself compelled to
+mention the occurrences of the night. It was most extraordinary--he
+feared that he should not be credited: and then, after all due
+preparation, the story was related. Those among his auditors who, like
+himself, were strangers and visiters in the house, were certain that
+some delusion must have been practised. The family alone seemed
+perfectly composed and calm. At last, the gentleman whom Lord
+Londonderry was visiting, interrupted their various surmises on the
+subject by saying:--"The circumstance which you have just recounted must
+naturally appear most extraordinary to those who have not long been
+inmates of my dwelling, and are not conversant with the legends
+connected with my family; to those who are, the event which has happened
+will only serve as the corroboration of an old tradition that long has
+been related of the apartment in which you slept. You have seen _the
+Radiant Boy_; and it is an omen of prosperous fortunes;--I would rather
+that this subject should no more be mentioned."
+
+The above adventure is one very commonly reported of the late Marquis of
+Londonderry; and is given on the authority of a gentleman, to whom that
+nobleman himself related it.--_The Album_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CROSS ROADS.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Methought upon a mountain's brow
+    Stood Glory, gazing round him;
+  And in the silent vale below
+    Lay Love, where Fancy found him;
+  While distant o'er the yellow plain
+  Glittering Wealth held wide domain.
+
+  Glory was robed in light; and trod
+    A brilliant track before him,
+  He gazed with ardour, like a god,
+    And grasp'd at heaven o'er him;
+  The meteor's flash his beaming eye,
+  The trumpet's shriek his melody.
+
+  But Love was robed in roses sweet,
+    And zephyrs murmur'd nigh him,
+  Flowers were blooming at his feet,
+    And birds were warbling by him:
+  His eyes soft radiance seem'd to wear,
+  For tears and smiles were blended there.
+
+  Gay Wealth a gorgeous train display'd.
+    (And Fancy soon espied him,)
+  Supine, in splendid garb array'd,
+    With Luxury beside him;
+  He dwelt beneath a lofty dome,
+  Which Pride and Pleasure made their home.
+
+  Well; seeking Happiness, I sped,
+    And, as Hope hover'd o'er me,
+  I ask'd which way the nymph had fled,
+    For _four roads_ met before me--
+  Whether she'd climb'd the height above,
+  Or bask'd with Wealth, or slept with Love?
+
+  I paus'd--for in the lonely path,
+    'Neath gloomy willows weeping,
+  Wrapt in his shroud of sullen wrath,
+    The _Suicide_ was sleeping,
+  A scathed yew-tree's wither'd limb,
+  To mark the spot, frown'd o'er him.
+
+  I wept--to think my fellow-man,
+    (To madness often driven,)
+  Pursue false Glory's phantoms, then
+    Lose happiness and heaven:
+  I wept--for oh! it seem'd to be
+  A mournful moral meant for me!
+
+  But lo! an aged traveller came,
+    By Wisdom sent to guide me,
+  Experience was the pilgrim's name,
+    And thus he seem'd to chide me--
+  "Fool! Happiness is gone the road
+  That leads to Virtue's calm abode!"
+
+JESSE HAMMOND.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MY COMMON-PLACE BOOK.
+
+NO. XXI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORDEALS.
+
+
+Four kinds of ordeals were chiefly used by our German ancestors:--1.
+"The Kamp fight," or combat; during which the spectators were to be
+silent and quiet, on pain of losing an arm or leg; an executioner with a
+sharp axe. 2. "The fire ordeal," in which the accused might clear his
+innocence by holding _red-hot_ iron in his hands, or by walking
+blind-fold amidst fiery ploughshares. 3. "The hot-water ordeal," much of
+the nature as the last. 4. "The cold-water ordeal:" this need not be
+explained, since it is looked on as supreme when a witch is in question.
+The cross ordeal was reserved for the clergy. These, if accused, might
+prove their innocence by swallowing two consecrated morsels taken from
+the altar after proper prayers. If these fragments stuck in the priest's
+throat he stood _ipse facto_--condemned; but we have no record of
+condemnation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEMS.
+
+
+Forgive not the man who gives you _bad_ wine more than once. It is more
+than an injury. Cut the acquaintance as you value your life.
+
+If you see half-a-dozen faults in a woman, you may rest assured she has
+a hundred virtues to counterbalance them. I love your faulty, and fear
+your _faultless women_. When you see what is termed a faultless woman,
+dread her as you would a beautiful snake. The power of completely
+concealing the defects that she must have, is of itself a serious vice.
+
+If you find no more books in a man's room, save some four or five,
+including the red-book and the general almanac, you may set down the
+individual as a man of genius, or an ass;--there is no medium.
+
+The eye is never to be mistaken. A person may discipline the muscles of
+the face and voice, but there is a something in the eye beyond the will,
+and we thus frequently find it giving the tongue the lie direct.
+
+I never knew a truly estimable man offer a finger, it is ever a sign of
+a cold heart; and he who is heartless is positively worthless, though he
+may be negatively harmless.
+
+Cut the acquaintance of any lady who signs a letter with "_yours
+obediently_."
+
+Always act in the presence of children with the utmost circumspection.
+They mark all you do, and most of them are more wise than you may
+imagine.
+
+Men of genius make the most ductile husbands. A fool has too much
+opinion of his own dear self, and too little of women's to be easily
+governed.
+
+A passion for sweetmeats, and a weak intellect, generally go together.
+
+I have known many fools to be gluttons, but never knew one that was an
+epicure.
+
+The affection of women is the most wonderful thing in the world; it
+tires not--faints not--dreads not--cools not. It is like the Naptha that
+nothing can extinguish but the trampling foot of death.
+
+There is a language in flowers, which is very eloquent--a philosophy
+that is instructive. Nature appears to have made them as emblems of
+women. The timid snow-drop, the modest violet, the languid primrose, the
+coy lily, the flaunting tulip, the smart marigold, the lowly blushing
+daisy, the proud foxglove, the deadly nightshade, the sleepy poppy, and
+the sweet solitary eglantine, are all types.
+
+W.C. B---- M.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There are a set of malicious, prating, prudent gossips, both male and
+female, who murder characters to kill time; and will rob a young fellow
+of his good name before he has years to know the value of
+it.--_Sheridan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XII.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BURMESE EXECUTION.
+
+
+The scene took place at Rangoon, and the sufferers were men of desperate
+characters, who merited death. At a short distance from the town, on the
+road known to the army by the name of the Forty-first Lines, is a small
+open space, which formerly was railed in: and here all criminals used to
+be executed. On this occasion several gibbets, about the height of a
+man, were erected, and a large crowd of Burmans assembled to feast their
+eyes on the sanguinary scene that was to follow.
+
+When the criminals arrived, they were tied within wooden frames, with
+extended arms and legs, and the head-executioner going round to each,
+marked with a piece of chalk, on the side of the men, in what direction
+his assistant (who stood behind him with a sharpened knife,) was to make
+the incision. On one man he described a circle on the side; another had
+a straight line marked down the centre of his stomach; a third was
+doomed to some other mode of death; and some were favoured by being
+decapitated. These preparations being completed, the assistant
+approached the man marked with a circle, and seizing a knife, plunged it
+up to the hilt in his side, then slowly and deliberately turning it
+round, he finished the circle! The poor wretch rolled his eyes in
+inexpressible agony, groaned, and soon after expired; thus depriving
+these human fiends of the satisfaction his prolonged torments would have
+afforded them. The rest suffered in the same manner; and, from the
+specimens I have seen of mangled corpses, I do not think this account
+overdrawn. Hanging is a punishment that seldom, if ever, takes place.
+
+The manner in which slighter punishments are made is peculiar to the
+Burmans, and, as nearly as I can make it out, according to our
+pronunciation, is called "toung." The delinquent is obliged to kneel
+down, and a man stands over him with a bent elbow and clenched fist. He
+first rapidly strikes him on the head with his elbow, and then slides it
+down until his knuckles repeat the blow, the elbow at the same time
+giving a violent smack on the shoulders. This is repeated until it
+becomes a very severe punishment, which may be carried to great
+excess.--_Two Years in Ava_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BILL OF FARE AT AN ANCIENT INSTALMENT.
+
+
+The following is a true copy of the original lodged in the Tower of
+London:[2]--
+
+George Nevil, brother to the great Earl of Warwick, at his instalment
+into his archbishopric of York, in the year 1470, made a feast for the
+nobility, gentry, and clergy, wherein he spent:
+
+     300 quartrs of wheat
+     300 ton of ale
+     104 ton of wine
+       1 pipe of spic'd w.
+      80 fat oxen
+       6 wild bulls
+     300 pigs
+    1004 wethers
+     300 hogs
+     300 calves
+    3000 geese
+    3000 capons
+     100 peacocks
+     200 cranes
+     200 kids
+    2000 chickens
+    4000 pidgeons
+    4000 rabitts
+     204 bitterns
+    4000 ducks
+     400 hernsies
+     200 pheasants
+     500 partridges
+    4000 woodcocks
+     400 plovers
+     100 carlews
+     100 quails
+    1000 eggets
+     200 rees
+    4000 bucks and does, and roebucks
+     155 hot venison pasties
+    1000 dishes of jellies
+    4000 cold venison past
+    2000 hot custards
+    4000 ditto cold
+     400 tarts
+     300 pikes
+     300 breams
+       8 seals
+       4 porpusses
+
+At this feast the Earl of Warwick was steward; the Earl of Bedford
+treasurer; the Lord Hastings comptroller, with many noble officers
+servitors.
+
+1000 cooks. 62 kitchiners. 515 scullions.
+
+    [2] _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxx.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SERGEANT'S WIFE.
+
+
+A drama, named as above, has been played with eminent success during the
+present season at the English Opera House. The plot is founded on the
+following horrible occurrence, which actually took place in Ireland in
+the year 1813, and which we extract from the columns of an Irish paper
+of the same date. The narrative is powerfully worked up in _The
+Nowlans_, in the second series of the _O'Hara Tales_, and Mr. Banim is
+the author both of the novel and the drama:--
+
+"The speech of George Smith, William Smith, and James Smith, who were
+lately executed at Longford for the murder of James Reilly, a pedlar,
+near Lanes-borough, has been published. It gives the following
+description of the inhuman crime for which they suffered:
+
+"The discovery of this murder, as decreed by the Almighty, was made by
+Margaret Armstrong, the wife of Sergeant Armstrong, of the 27th regiment
+of foot, on the recruiting service in Athlone. She was going to her
+husband, when she was overtaken by this dealing man. He asked her how
+far she was going--she answered to Athlone, to her husband, and said as
+it was getting late, and being scarce of money, she would make good her
+way that night. He then replied, 'my poor woman, let not that hurry you,
+I am going to Athlone myself, and there is a lodging at the next cross
+at which I mean to stop, be advised, and go no farther to-night, and I
+will pay your expenses.' When they came to the house, he asked for a bed
+for himself and another for the woman, and called for supper; when that
+was over, he paid the bill, and taking out his pocket-book, he counted
+150_l._ which he gave in charge to George Smith, and retired to bed; the
+woman likewise went to her's, the family sat up till twelve; after
+which, when the man was fast asleep and all was silent, we, (the three
+Smiths) went into the room where the man lay; we dragged him out of bed,
+and cut his throat from ear to ear; we saved his blood in a pewter dish,
+and put the body into a flaxseed barrel, among feathers, in which we
+covered it up. Take care, and do the same with the woman, _said our
+mother_. We accordingly went to her bedside, and saw her hands extended
+out of the bed; we held a candle to her eyes, but she did not stir
+during the whole time, as God was on her side; for had we supposed that
+she had seen the murder committed by us, she would have shared the same
+fate with the deceased man. Next morning when she arose, she asked was
+the man up? We made answer, that he was gone two hours before, left
+sixpence for her, and took her bundle with him. 'No matter,' said she,
+'for I will see him in Athlone.' When she went away, I (George Smith)
+dressed myself in my sister's clothes, and having crossed the fields,
+met her, I asked her how far she was going? She said to Athlone: I then
+asked her where she lodged? She told me at one Smith's, a very decent
+house, where she met very good entertainment. 'That house bears a bad
+name,' said I. 'I have not that to say of them,' said she, 'for they
+gave me good usage.' It was not long until we saw a sergeant and two
+recruits coming up the road; upon which she cried out, 'here is my
+husband coming to meet me; he knew I was coming to him.' I immediately
+turned off the road, and made back to the house. When she met her
+husband, she fainted; and on recovering, she told him of the murder, and
+how she escaped with her life. The husband went immediately and got
+guards, and had us taken prisoners; the house was searched, and the
+mangled body found in the barrel." The three monsters were, it is
+mentioned, ordered for execution from the dock.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES AND RECOLLECTIONS.
+
+
+  Notings, selections,
+    Anecdote and joke:
+  Our recollections;
+    With gravities for graver folk.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE BAR--THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.
+
+
+It must be admitted (talking of the late _Vice_) that he really was
+enough to annoy any sober staid master, by his frolics and gambols since
+he has been made a judge. I remember him a quiet good sort of man
+enough: with a bed-room and kitchen in the area of No. 11, New-square;
+and his dining-room above, serving also for consultations: and his
+going, now and then, only to have a game of whist and glass of negus at
+Serle's;--but, now, he is a perfect _Monsieur Tonson_ to all continental
+travellers. Never can you take up the police-book at the hotels, on the
+road to Italy, without _Sir John Leach_ staring you in the face. The
+other day at the _Cloche_ at Dijon (I will never go there again, and beg
+Sir John to do me the favour to withdraw his patronage also,--the _Parc_
+is worth twenty of it), yawning over my bottle of _Cote d'Or_, I
+inquired of the waiter who of my "land's language" had lately been
+there. "Vy, Sare, ve have de Milor Leash." "Lord Leash?"--"Oui,
+Monsieur;--mais, Fanchette, apportez le livre ici pour Monsieur--le
+voila."--"Ah, ha! Sir John Leach; I see."--"Ah qu'il est bon enfant!
+qu'il est gai!" exclaimed the _garcon_. "Ah! qu'il est aimable!" sighed
+Fanchette--Enter De Molin the banker's little bureau at Lausanne--(by
+the way, it is the favourite chamber of Gibbon the historian, and if you
+pay the house a visit from motives of curiosity respecting its former
+occupant, you will be happy to be allowed to remain and converse with
+the actual owner, for a more honourable, liberal, and better-informed
+man, does not exist)--there, I say, in the glass over the mantlepiece,
+will you see the card of _Sir John Leach_. Milan--Florence--the same. At
+Torlogna's the same. Then at Naples: go to San Carlos'; and if you get
+behind the scenes, ask for Braccini, the _poeta_ of the theatre, who has
+been long in England; "Cospetto di Bacco!" he will exclaim: "il degn
+uomo, quel Vice Cancelliere: il Cavaliere _Licci!_--Gran Dio! quale
+talento per la musica!-Cappari! egli ha guadagnato i cuori di tutte le
+donne Napolitane."[3] I certainly expect to hear him some day astonish
+the bar, by unwittingly striking up "O Pescator delle onde," or "Sul
+margine del Rio," in the Rolls Court; and, as in ancient Greece ('tis
+said) pleadings were chanted, let us yet hope to hear an argument
+preferred to the tune of "They are a' noddin, noddin, noddin;" an answer
+stated _andante_; a reply given in a _bravura_, and judgment pronounced
+_presto_. With all his faults (if they be such, which I do not admit),
+the present Master of the Rolls is a good judge, and an able man;--"un
+peu vif, peut-etre," as Fanchette might say; and it is more agreeable
+than otherwise, to see one who has devoted his life to the study of the
+law, enjoying himself in lighter pursuits, after having attained rank
+and dignity in the profession; and after having punctually and
+satisfactorily executed the important duties of the day, seeking at its
+close, and participating in the gaiety which society offers. It speaks a
+good heart and cheerful temper; whereas, when we hear a distaste
+declared for music, and that of the highest character, we cannot but
+call to mind "He who has not the concord of sweet sounds" within
+himself;--but I will not pursue the quotation. Besides, were there
+persons fools enough to blame Sir John for his social propensities, he
+might answer them as the Parisian coachman did.--"What was that?"--"Why,
+a French Jehu was tried in 1818, for some accident caused by his
+cabriolet, before the Criminal Court of Paris; when, having heard the
+evidence, the President of the Tribunal declared that he stood
+acquitted, but that the court felt it its duty to blame him, and that he
+was blamed accordingly." "Blamed!" exclaimed Jehu; "Blamed!--I don't
+quite understand your Honor;--but--but--will it prevent my handling the
+ribands, and driving the _wehicle_?"--"No!" said the judge. "Then, with
+all respect for your Honor, I just laugh at it," said coachee, bowing.
+"And so do I," said the president also, in rising to leave the
+court.--_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+    [3] By Bacchus! what a worthy man is the Vice Chancellor, the
+    Chevalier Leach! gods! what a taste for music; i' faith he has
+    gained the hearts of all the Neapolitan ladies.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CARTOONS OF RAPHAEL.
+
+
+These _Cartoons_ were executed by the famous Raphael, while engaged in
+the chambers of the Vatican, under the auspices of Pope Julius II. and
+Leo X. As soon as they were finished, they were sent to Flanders to be
+copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontifical apartments; but the
+tapestries were not conveyed to Rome till after the decease of Raphael,
+and probably not before the dreadful sack of that city in 1527, under
+the pontificate of Clement VII; when Raphael's scholars having fled from
+thence, none were left to inquire after the original Cartoons, which lay
+neglected in the storerooms of the manufactory, the money for the
+tapestry having never been paid. The revolution that happened soon after
+in the low countries prevented their being noticed during a period in
+which works of art were wholly neglected. They were purchased by king
+Charles I. at the recommendation of Rubens, but had been much injured by
+the weavers. At the sale of the royal pictures in 1653, these Cartoons
+were purchased for 300_l_. by Oliver Cromwell, against whom no one would
+presume to bid. The protector pawned them to the Dutch court for upwards
+of 50,000_l._, and, after the revolution, King William brought them over
+again to England, and built a gallery for their reception in Hampton
+Court. Originally there were twelve of these Cartoons, but four of them
+have been destroyed by damps and neglect. The subjects were the
+adoration of the Magi, the conversion of St. Paul, the martyrdom of St.
+Stephen and St. Paul before Felix and Agrippa. Two of these were in the
+possession of the King of Sardinia, and two of Louis XIV. of France, who
+is said to have offered 100,000 louis d'ors for the seven, which are
+justly represented as "the glory of England, and the envy of all other
+polite nations." The twelfth, the subject of which was the murder of the
+innocents, belonged to a private gentleman in England, who pledged it
+for a sum of money; but when the person who had taken this valuable
+deposit found it was to be redeemed, he greatly damaged the drawing; for
+which the gentleman brought an action against him. A third part of it is
+still remaining in the possession of William Hoare, R.A., at Bath.
+
+_Cartoon_ is derived from the Italian _cartone_, a painting or drawing
+upon large paper. Raphael died on the same day of the year on which he
+was born, Good Friday, in 1520, at the age of thirty-seven, deeply
+lamented by all who knew his value. His body lay for awhile in state in
+one of the rooms wherein he had displayed the powers of his mind, and he
+was honoured with a public funeral; his last produce, the
+_transfiguration_, being carried before him in the procession. The
+unrelenting hand of death (says his biographer) set a period to his
+labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talents,
+when he had only attained an age at which most other men are but
+beginning to be useful. "We see him in his cradle (said Fuseli); we hear
+him stammer; but propriety rocked the cradle, and character formed his
+lips."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. WRITTEN ON VISITING WESTMINSTER ABBEY.
+
+
+  My murder'd queen, as on thine image once
+  The gaze alike of prince and peasant rested--
+  As if, unsated of thy thrilling glance,
+  They never until then of beauty tasted:
+  So I, by lonely contemplation led
+  To muse awhile amid the silent dead--
+  Turn me from all around I hear or see--
+  From all of Shakspeare and of great to thee:
+  And think on all thy wrongs--on all the shame
+  That dims for ever thine oppressor's name;
+  On all thy faults, nor few nor far between,
+  But then thou wert--a woman and a queen.
+  Proud titles, even in a barb'rous age,
+  To stem th' impetuous tide of party rage;
+  While as I gaze each well-known feature seems
+  To stir with life, and realise my dreams
+  That paint thee seated on the Scottish throne,
+  With all the blaze of beauty round thee thrown;
+  Then see thee passing from thy dungeon cell,
+  And hear thy parting sigh--thy last farewell.
+
+_Stray Leaves._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANCIENT GRECIAN SEPULCHRE
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A beautiful illustration of an ancient Grecian sepulchre or funeral
+chamber, heads the second chapter of Mr. Britton's "Union of
+Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting," from which work we have copied
+the annexed engraved view. The interior of the chamber exhibits a
+skeleton and the urns containing the ashes of the dead. The combat leads
+us to the conclusion, that the tomb contains the remains of a chief; for
+it was the barbarous custom of the Greeks to sacrifice captives at the
+tombs of their heroes.
+
+Of the funeral rites and ceremonies of the Greeks and other nations, we
+subjoin the following:--
+
+The most simple and natural kind of funeral monuments, and therefore the
+most ancient and universal, consist in a mound of earth, or a heap of
+stones, raised over the ashes of the departed: of such monuments mention
+is made in the Book of Joshua, and in Homer and Virgil. Many of them
+still occur in various parts of this kingdom, especially in those
+elevated and sequestered situations where they have neither been defaced
+by agriculture nor inundation.
+
+The ancients are said to have buried their dead in their own houses,
+whence, according to some, the original of that species of idolatry
+consisting in the worship of household gods.
+
+The place of burial amongst the Jews was never particularly determined.
+We find that they had burial-places upon the highways, in gardens, and
+upon mountains. We read, that Abraham was buried with Sarah, his wife,
+in the cave of Macphelah, in the field of Ephron, and Uzziah, King of
+Judah, slept with his fathers in the field of the burial which pertained
+to the kings.
+
+The primitive Greeks were buried in places prepared for that purpose in
+their own houses; but in after ages they adopted the judicious practice
+of establishing the burial grounds in desert islands, and outside the
+walls of towns, by that means securing them from profanation, and
+themselves from the liability of catching infection from those who had
+died of contagious disorders.
+
+The Romans prohibited burning or burying in the city, both from a sacred
+and civil consideration, that the priests might not be contaminated by
+touching a dead body, and that houses might not be endangered by the
+frequency of funeral fires.
+
+The custom of burning the dead had its foundation laid deep in nature:
+an anxious fondness to preserve the great and good, the dear friend and
+the near relative, was the sole motive that prevailed in the institution
+of this solemnity. "That seems to me," says Cicero, "to have been the
+most ancient kind of burial, which, according to Xenophon, was used by
+Cyrus. For the body is returned to the earth, and so placed as to be
+covered with the veil of its mother." Pliny also agrees with Cicero upon
+this point, and says the custom of burial preceded that of burning among
+the Romans. According to Monfaucon, the custom of burning entirely
+ceased at Rome about the time of Theodorius the younger. When cremation
+ceased on the introduction of Christianity, the believing Romans,
+together with the Romanized and converted Britons, would necessarily, as
+it is observed by Mr. Grough, "betake themselves to the use of
+sarcophagi (or coffins,) and probably of various kinds, stone, marble,
+lead," &c. They would likewise now first place the body in a position
+due east and west, and thus bestow an unequivocal mark of distinction
+between the funeral deposit of the earliest Roman inhabitants of this
+island, and their Christian successors. The usual places of interment
+were in fields or gardens,[4] near the highway, to be conspicuous, and
+to remind the passengers how transient everything is, that wears the
+garb of mortality. By this means, also, they saved the best part of
+their land:
+
+  --Experiar quid concedatur in illos
+  Quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis, atque Latina.
+                _Juv. Sat I._
+
+The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their lifetime.
+Hence these words frequently occur in ancient inscriptions, V.F. Vivus
+Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs of the rich were usually
+constructed of marble, the ground enclosed with walls, and planted round
+with trees. But common sepulchres were usually built below ground, and
+called hypogea. There were niches cut out of the walls, in which the
+urns were placed: these, from their resemblance to the niche of a
+pigeon-house, were called columbaria.
+
+    [4] Our blessed Saviour chose the garden sometime for his
+    oratory, and, dying, for the place of his sepulture; and we also
+    do avouch, for many weighty causes, that there are none more fit
+    to bury our dead in than in our gardens and groves where our
+    beds may he decked with verdant and fragrant flowers. Trees and
+    perennial plants, the most natural and instructive hieroglyphics
+    of our expected resurrection and immortality, besides what they
+    might conduce to the meditation of the living, and the taking
+    off our cogitations from dwelling too intently upon more vain
+    and sensual objects: that custom of burying in churches, and
+    near about them, especially in great and populous cities, being
+    both a novel presumption, indecent, and very prejudicial to
+    health.--_Evelyn's Discourse on Forest Trees_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+PREPARATIONS FOR A JOURNEY.
+
+
+I am fond of travelling: yet I never undertake a journey without
+experiencing a vague feeling of melancholy. There is to me something
+strangely oppressive in the preliminaries of departure. The packing of a
+small valise; the settlement of accounts--justly pronounced by Rabelais
+a _blue-devilish_ process; the regulation of books and papers;--in
+short, the whole routine of valedictory arrangements, are to me as a
+nightmare on the waking spirit. They induce a mood of last wills and
+testaments--a sense of dislocation, which, next to a vacuum, Nature
+abhors--and create a species of moral decomposition, not unlike that
+effected on matter by chemical agency. It is not that I have to lament
+the disruption of social connexions or domestic ties. This, I am aware,
+is a trial sometimes borne with exemplary fortitude; and I was lately
+edified by the magnanimous unconcern with which a married friend of mine
+sang the last verse of "Home! sweet home!" as the chaise which was to
+convey him from the _burthen_ of his song drove up to the door. It does
+not become a bachelor to speculate on the mysteries of matrimonial
+philosophy; but the feeling of pain with which _I_ enter on the task of
+migration has no affinity with individual sympathies, or even with
+domiciliary attachments. My landlady is, without exception, the ugliest
+woman in London; and the locality of Elbow-lane cannot be supposed
+absolutely to spellbind the affection of one occupying, as I do,
+solitary chambers on the third floor.
+
+The case, it may be supposed, is much worse when it is my lot to take
+leave, after passing a few weeks at the house of a friend in the
+country;--a house, for instance, such as is to be met with only in
+England:--with about twenty acres of lawn, but no park; with a
+shrubbery, but no made-grounds; with well-furnished rooms, but no
+conservatory; and with a garden, in which dandy tulips and high-bred
+anemones do not disdain the fellowship of honest artichokes and laughing
+cauliflowers--no bad illustration of the republican union of comfort
+with elegance which reigns through the whole establishment. The master
+of the mansion, perhaps an old and valued schoolfellow:--his wife, a
+well-bred, accomplished, and still beautiful woman--cordial, without
+vulgarity--refined, without pretension--and informed, without a shade of
+blue! Their children!... But my reader will complete the picture, and
+imagine, better than I can describe, how one of my temperament must
+suffer at quitting such a scene. At six o'clock on the dreaded morning,
+the friendly old butler knocks at my room-door, to warn me that the mail
+will pass in half an hour at the end of the green lane. On descending to
+the parlour, I find that my old friend has, in spite of our over-night
+agreement and a slight touch of gout, come down to see me off. His
+amiable lady is pouring out for me a cup of tea--assuring me that she
+would be quite unhappy at allowing me to depart without that
+indispensable prelude to a journey. A gig waits at the door: my
+affectionate host will not permit me to walk even half a mile. The
+minutes pass unheeded; till, with a face of busy but cordial concern,
+the old butler reminds me that the mail is at hand. I bid a hasty and
+agitated farewell, and turn with loathing to the forced companionship of
+a public vehicle.
+
+My anti-leave-taking foible is certainly not so much affected when I
+quit the residence of an hotel--that public home--that wearisome
+resting-place--that epitome of the world--that compound of gregarious
+incompatibilities--that bazaar of character--that proper resort of
+semi-social egotism and unamalgable individualities--that troublous
+haven, where the vessel may ride and tack, half-sheltered, but finds no
+anchorage. Yet even the Lilliputian ligatures of such a sojourn
+imperceptibly twine round my lethargic habits, and bind me, Gulliver-
+like, a passive fixture. Once, in particular, I remember to have _stuck_
+at the Hotel des Bons Enfants, in Paris--a place with nothing to
+recommend it to one of ordinary locomotive energies. But there I stuck.
+Business of importance called me to Bordeaux. I lingered for two months.
+At length, by one of those nervous efforts peculiar to weak resolutions,
+I made my arrangements, secured my emancipation, and found myself on the
+way to the starting-place of the Diligence. I well remember the day:
+'twas a rainy afternoon in spring. The aspect of the gayest city in the
+world was dreary and comfortless. The rain dripped perpendicularly from
+the eves of the houses, exemplifying the axiom, that lines are composed
+of a succession of points. At the corners of the streets it shot a
+curved torrent from the projecting spouts, flooding the channels, and
+drenching, with a sudden drum-like sound, the passing umbrellas, whose
+varied tints of pink, blue, and orange, like the draggled finery of
+feathers and flounces beneath them, only made the scene more glaringly
+desolate. Then came the rush and splatter of cabriolets, scattering
+terror and defilement. The well-mounted English dandy shows his sense by
+hoisting his parapluie; the French dragoon curls his mustachio at such
+effeminacy, and braves the liquid bullets in the genuine spirit of
+Marengo; the old French count picks his elastic steps with the placid
+and dignified philosophy of the _ancien regime_; while the Parisian
+dames, of all ranks, ages, and degrees, trip along, with one leg
+undraped, exactly in proportion to the shapeliness of its configuration.
+
+The huge clock of the Messageries Royales told three as I entered the
+gateway. The wide court had an air of humid dreariness. On one side
+stood a dozen of those moving caravansaras, the national vehicles, with
+their leathern caps--like those of Danish sailors in a north-wester--
+hanging half off, soaked with wet. Opposite was the range of offices,
+busy with all the peculiar importance of French _bureaucracie._ Their
+clerks, decorated with ribbons and crosses, wield their pens with all
+the conscious dignity of secretaries of state; and "_book_" a bale or a
+parcel as though they were signing a treaty, or granting an amnesty. The
+meanest _employe_ seems to think himself invested with certain occult
+powers. His civility savours of government patronage; and his frown is
+inquisitorial. To his fellows, his address is abrupt and diplomatic. He
+seems to speak in cipher, and to gesticulate by some rule of
+freemasonry. But to the _uninitiated_ he is explanatory to a scruple, as
+though mischief might ensue from his being misapprehended. He makes sure
+of your understanding by an emphasis, which reminds one of the loudness
+of tone used towards a person supposed to be hard of hearing--a
+proceeding not very flattering where there happens to be neither dulness
+nor deafness in the case. In a word, the measured pedantry of his whole
+deportment betrays the happy conviction in which he rejoices of being
+conversant with matters little dreamt of in your philosophy. Among the
+bystanders, too, there are some who might, probably with more reason,
+boast their proficiency in mysterious lore--fellows of smooth aspect and
+polite demeanour, whom at first you imagine to have become casual
+spectators from mere lack of better pastime, but whose furtive glances
+and vagrant attention betray the familiars of the police--that complex
+and mighty engine of modern structure, which, far more surely than the
+"ear of Dionysius," conveys to the tympanum of power each echoed sigh
+and reverberated whisper. It is a chilling thing to feel one's budding
+confidence in a new acquaintance nipped by such frosty suspicions;
+yet--Heaven forgive me!--the bare idea has, before now, caused me to
+drop, unscented, the pinch of _carote_ which has been courteously
+tendered by some coffee-house companion. In the group before me, I
+fancied that I could distinguish some of this ungentle brotherhood; and
+my averted eye rested with comparative complacency even on a couple of
+_gens d'armes_, who were marching up and down before the door, and whose
+long swords and voluminous cocked hats never appeared to me less
+offensive.
+
+In the mean time, knots of travellers were congregating round the
+different vehicles about to depart. In the centre of each little band
+stood the main point of attraction--Monsieur le Conducteur--that
+important personage, whose prototype we look for in vain among the
+dignitaries of Lad-lane, or the Bull-and-Mouth, and whose very name can
+only be translated by borrowing one of Mr. M'Adam's titles--"the
+Colossus of _Roads_." With fur cap, official garb, and the excursive eye
+of a martinet, he inspects every detail of preparation--sees each
+passenger stowed _seriatim_ in his special place--then takes his
+position in front--gives the word to his jack-booted vice, whose
+responsive whip cracks assent--and away rolls the ponderous machine,
+with all the rumbling majesty of a three-decker from off the
+stocks.--_Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPIGRAM.
+
+
+THE RETORT MEDICAL.
+
+
+  Quoth Doctor Squill of Ponder's End,
+  "Of all the patients I attend,
+    Whate'er their aches or ails,
+  None ever will my fame attack."
+    "None ever can," retorted Jack:
+  "For dead men tell no tales"
+          _New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CIRCASSIAN WOMEN.
+
+
+We observed two women looking out of a balcony, and earnestly beckoning
+to us. We were the more surprised at their appearance, as we believed
+that the Mahometan women of the Caucasus, like those of Persia, were
+strictly confined to the interior of their houses, or that, at all
+events, they never went unveiled, a custom which we found was not
+general among the inhabitants of the Caucasus. We, however, entered the
+house, and saw in the court two Russian grenadiers, who, by a mistake of
+their corporal, had taken there quarters here, and whose presence was
+the cause of the inquietude manifested by the two ladies, who, with an
+old man, were the only inhabitants of the house. Whilst the soldiers
+were explaining these things to us, they appeared at the top of the
+stairs, and again renewed their invitation by violent gesticulations. On
+a nearer approach, we guessed by their age that they were mother and
+daughter. The former, who still preserved much of the freshness and
+beauty of youth, wore very tight trousers, a short tunic, and a veil,
+which fell in graceful folds on her back, while round her neck she had
+some valuable jewels, though badly mounted. With respect to the
+daughter, who was scarcely fifteen years of age, she was so
+extraordinarily beautiful, that both my companion and myself remained
+awhile motionless, and struck with admiration. Never in my life have I
+seen a more perfect form. Her dress consisted of a short white tunic,
+almost transparent, fastened only at the throat by a clasp. A veil,
+negligently thrown over one shoulder, permitted part of her beautiful
+ebony tresses to be seen. Her trousers were of an extremely fine tissue,
+and her socks of the most delicate workmanship. The old man received us
+in a room adjoining the staircase: he was seated on the carpet, smoking
+a small pipe, according to the custom of the inhabitants of the
+Caucasus, who cultivate tobacco. He made repeated signs to us to sit
+down, that is to say, in the Asiatic manner, a posture extremely
+inconvenient for those who, like ourselves, wore long and tight
+trousers, whilst the two beautiful women on their side earnestly
+seconded his request. We complied with it, though it was the first time
+that either of us had made the essay. The ladies, having left the room
+for a moment, returned with a salver of dried fruits, and a beverage
+made of sugar and milk; but I was so much engaged in admiring their
+personal attractions, that I paid but little attention to their
+presents. It appeared to me an inconceivable caprice of nature to have
+produced such prodigies of perfection amidst such a rude and barbarous
+people, who value their women less than their stirrups. My companion,
+who like myself was obliged to accept of their refreshments, remarked to
+me, whilst the old man was conversing with them, what celebrity a woman
+so transcendently beautiful as the daughter was would acquire in any of
+the capitals of Europe, had she but received the benefits of a suitable
+education.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUSTRALIAN IMPORTUNITY.
+
+
+As beggars, the whole world will not produce their match. They do not
+attempt to _coax_ you, but firmly rely on incessant importunity;
+following you, side by side, from street to street, as constant as your
+shadow, pealing in your ears the never ceasing sound of "Massa, gim me a
+dum! massa, gim me a dum!" (dump.) If you have the fortitude to resist
+_firmly_, on two or three assaults, you may enjoy ever after a life of
+immunity; but by once _complying_, you entail yourself a plague which
+you will not readily throw off, every gift only serving to embolden them
+in making subsequent demands, and with still greater perseverance.
+Neither are their wishes moderately gratified on this head--less than a
+dump (fifteen pence) seldom proving satisfactory. When walking out one
+morning, I accidentally met a young scion of our black tribes, on
+turning the corner of the house, who saluted me with "Good morning, sir,
+good morning;" to which I in like manner responded, and was proceeding
+onwards, when my dingy acquaintance arrested my attention by his loud
+vociferation of "Top, sir, I want to peak to you." "Well, what is it?"
+said I. "Why, you know I am your _servant_, and you have never paid me
+yet." "The devil you are!" responded I "it is the first time I knew of
+it, for I do not recollect ever seeing your face before." "Oh yes, I
+_am_ your servant," replied he, very resolutely; "don't I top about
+Massa ----'s, and boil the kettle sometimes for you in the morning?" I
+forthwith put my hand in my pocket, and gave him all the halfpence I
+had, which I left him carefully counting, and proceeded on my walk; but
+before advancing a quarter of a mile, my ears were again assailed with
+loud shouts of "Hallo! top, top!" I turned round, and observed my friend
+in "the dark suit" beckoning with his hand, and walking very leisurely
+toward me. Thinking he was despatched with some message, I halted, but
+as he walked on as slowly as if deeming I ought rather to go to him than
+he come to me, I forthwith returned to meet him; but on reaching close
+enough, what was my astonishment on his holding out the halfpence in his
+open hand, and addressing me in a loud, grumbling, demanding tone
+with--"Why this is not enough to buy a loaf! you must give me more."
+"Then buy _half_ a loaf," said I, wheeling about and resuming my walk,
+not without a good many hard epithets in return from my
+kettle-boiler.--_Cunningham's Two Years in New South Wales_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONFESSION OF THE EXECUTIONER OF CHARLES I.
+
+
+There have been great disputes about the person who beheaded Charles I.
+Mr. Ellis says, "it seems most probable that the person who actually
+beheaded the king was the common executioner." And then adds the
+following valuable and interesting note, which seems to us to settle the
+question.
+
+"Among the tracts relating to the civil war, which were given to the
+British Museum by his late majesty King George III. in 1762, there are
+three upon this subject. One is entitled, 'The Confession of Richard
+Brandon the Hangman (upon his death-bed), concerning his beheading his
+late Majesty. Printed in the year of the hangman's downfall, 1649.' The
+second is entitled, 'The last Will and Testament of Richard Brandon,'
+printed in the same year. The third is, 'A Dialogue or Dispute between
+the late Hangman (the same person), and Death,' in verse, without date.
+All three are in quarto."
+
+The following are the most important paragraphs of the first tract:
+
+"The confession of the hangman concerning his beheading his late majesty
+the king of Great Britain (upon his death-bed) who was buried on
+Thursday last in Whitechapel church-yard, with the manner thereof:--
+
+"Upon Wednesday last (being the 20th of this instant, June 1649),
+Richard Brandon, the late executioner and hangman, who beheaded his late
+majesty, king of Great Britain, departed this life; but during the time
+of his sicknesse his conscience was much troubled, and exceedingly
+perplexed in mind, yet little shew of repentance for remission of his
+sins, and by past transgressions, which had so much power and influence
+upon him, that he seemed to live in them, and they in him. And on Sunday
+last, a young man of his acquaintance going to visit him, fell into
+discourse, asked him how he did, and whether he was not troubled in
+conscience for cutting off the king's head. He replyed, 'yes, by reason
+that (upon the time of his tryall, and at the denouncing of sentence
+against him,) he had taken a vow and protestation, wishing God to punish
+him body and soul, if ever he appeared on the scaffold to do the act, or
+lift up his hand against him.'
+
+"He likewise confessed that he had thirty pounds for his pains, all paid
+him in half-crowns, within an hour after the blow was given; and that he
+had an orange stuck full of cloves, and a handkircher out of the king's
+pocket, so soon as he was carried off from the scaffold, for which
+orange he was proffered twenty shillings by a gentleman in Whitehall,
+but refused the same, and afterwards sold it for ten shillings in
+Rosemary-lane. About six of the clock at night, he returned home to his
+wife living in Rosemary-lane, and gave her the money, saying, that it
+was the deerest money that ever he earned in his life, for it would cost
+him his life; which prophetical words were soon made manifest, for it
+appeared, that ever since he hath been in a most sad condition, and upon
+the Almightie's first scourging of him with the rod of sicknesse, and
+the friendly admonition of divers friends for the calling of him to
+repentance, yet he persisted on in his vicious vices, and would not
+hearken thereunto, but lay raging and swearing, and still pointing at
+one thing or another, which he conceived to be still visible before
+him."
+
+"About three days before he dy'd, he lay speechlesse, uttering many a
+sigh and heavy groan, and so in a most desperate manner departed from
+his bed of sorrow. For the buriall whereof great store of wines were
+sent in by the sheriff of the city of London, and a great multitude of
+people stood wayting to see his corpse carryed to the church-yard, some
+crying act, 'Hang him, rogue!' 'Bury him in the dunghill;' others
+pressing upon him, saying, they would quarter him for executing of the
+king: insomuch that the churchwardens and masters of the parish were
+fain to come for the suppressing of them, and (with great difficulty) he
+was at last carryed to White Chappell church-yard, having (as it is
+said) a bunch of rosemary at each end of the coffin, on the top thereof,
+with a rope tyed crosse from one end to the other.
+
+"And a merry conceited cook living at the sign of the Crown, having a
+black fan (worth the value of thirty shillings), took a resolution to
+rent the same in pieces, and to every feather tied a piece of
+pack-thread dyed in black ink, and gave them to divers persons, who (in
+derision) for a while wore them in their hats.
+
+"Thus have I given thee an exact account and perfect relation of the
+life and death of Richard Brandon, to the end that the world may be
+convinced of those calumnious speeches and erroneous suggestions which
+are dayly spit from the mouth of envy against divers persons of great
+worth and eminency, by casting an odium upon them for the executing of
+the king; it being now made manifest that the aforesaid executioner was
+the only man who gave the fatal blow, and his man that wayted upon him,
+was a ragman (of the name of Ralph Jones) living in
+Rosemary-lane."--_Ellis's Historical Inquiries._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE.
+
+
+The night was rather dark, and we had not seen the figure of our
+postilion, or even heard his voice; but we suspected, by the slowness of
+his movements, that he was some old crony of his master. On arriving
+towards the end of the relay, he began to blow a bugle with all his
+might, surprising us with a number of flourishes. Mr. Koch informed me
+that we were going to cross a small river, and that the blast with which
+we had been regaled was a warning for the bargeman. Our vehicle then
+stopped before the door of an inn, which stood on an elevated spot, and
+the postilion, alighting, asked Mr. Koch's permission to enter the inn
+to drink a glass of brandy, whilst the bargeman answered his sign. It
+was midnight, and we expected soon to cross the river; but after waiting
+a quarter of an hour for his return, and seeing that the fellow did not
+come out, I alighted, and proceeded towards a window, where a light was
+perceivable. As I looked through it, I saw what I certainly did not
+expect, but what convinced me that the flourishes of his bugle were
+addressed to a very different person from the bargeman. Our postilion
+was sitting near a table, with a huge flagon beside him, and a wench on
+his knee. Provoked beyond expression at this unseasonable courtship, I
+shook the window till it flew open, and, before my companion had time to
+alight and witness the scene, both the hero and the heroine came to the
+door of the inn, the latter holding a lantern in her hand, by which I
+observed she was an ugly kitchen wench of about eighteen, and he a young
+man of five-and-twenty. Displeased with my interruption, he muttered
+something at my impatience, and at the unseasonableness of my call, and
+again blew his bugle, though by no means so vigorously as he had before
+done; after which we gained the barge, and continued our way without
+farther interruption.--_Van Halen's Narrative._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARBARISM OF THE CAUCASIAN TRIBES.
+
+
+Opposite to our encampment, on the other side of the Alazann, and at a
+distance of eighteen or twenty wersts, is the city of Belohakan,
+situated at the foot of the Caucasus, and inhabited by the Eingalos, a
+people whom the Lesghis keep in the most horrible state of slavery, and
+who formerly belonged to Georgia; but who being too industrious, and
+attached to their native soil, would never abandon it, during the
+different revolutions which that country has undergone, and became
+subject to their present masters. That city carries on a great trade
+with Teflis, principally in bourkas, which are manufactured there; and
+as the traders pass through Karakhach, our colonel, who was the
+commandant of this district, and from whom they must obtain a passport
+for Georgia, was obliged to have near him an Eingalo, who understood the
+Russian language, and served as interpreter. This man had become so
+familiarized with the officers, that the colonel allowed him to sit at
+our table. One day we remarked that the interpreter was absent, a
+circumstance which seldom occurred; but, as we were finishing our
+dessert, he entered the dining-room in high spirits, bringing under his
+arm a bundle, carefully tied, which, he said, contained a fine water
+melon for our dessert. This fruit, in the middle of December, is
+considered a great delicacy, and we all expressed a wish that he should
+produce it, when he immediately untied the bundle, and, to our great
+Horror, we beheld the head of a Lesghi, whom he had killed in fight on
+the other side of the Alazann during a sporting expedition, roll on the
+table. Disgusted at this action, which among these barbarous
+mountaineers would pass as an excellent joke, we all rose from table,
+and retired to another apartment, whilst the Eingalo sat down to dinner,
+and, at every mouthful he took, amused himself with turning the head,
+which he kept close to his plate, first one way and then
+another.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MISCELLANIES
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RELIGIOUS FORTUNE TELLING.
+
+
+The _Sortes Sanctorum_, or _Sortes Sacrae_, of the Christians, has been
+illustrated in the _Classical Journal_.
+
+These, the writer observes, were a species of divination practised in
+the earlier ages of Christianity, and consisted in casually opening the
+Holy Scriptures, and from the words which first presented themselves
+deducing the future lot of the inquirer. They were evidently derived
+from the _Sortes Homerica_ and _Sortes Virgilanae_ of the Pagans, but
+accommodated to their own circumstances by the Christians.
+
+Complete copies of the Old and New Testaments being rarely met with
+prior to the invention of printing, the Psalms, the Prophets, or the
+four Gospels, were the parts of holy writ principally made use of in
+these consultations, which were sometimes accompanied with various
+ceremonies, and conducted with great solemnity, especially on public
+occasions. Thus the emperor Heraclius in the war against the Persians,
+being at a loss whether to advance or retreat, commanded a public fast
+for three days, at the end of which he applied to the four Gospels, and
+opened upon a text which he regarded as an oracular intimation to winter
+in Albania. Gregory, of Tours, also relates that Meroveus, being
+desirous of obtaining the kingdom of Chilperic, his father consulted a
+female fortune-teller, who promised him the possession of royal estates;
+but to prevent deception and to try the truth of her prognostications,
+he caused the Psalter, the Book of Kings, and the four Gospels to be
+laid upon the shrine of St. Martin, and after fasting and solemn prayer,
+opened upon passages which not only destroyed his former hopes, but
+seemed to predict the unfortunate events which afterwards befel him.
+
+A French writer, in 506, says, "this abuse was introduced by the
+superstition of the people, and afterwards gained ground by the
+ignorance of the bishops." This appears evident from Pithon's Collection
+of Canons, containing some forms under the title of _The Lot of the
+Apostles_. These were found at the end of the Canons of the Apostles in
+the Abbey of Marmousier. Afterwards, various canons were made in the
+different councils and synods against this superstition; these continued
+to be framed in the councils of London under Archbishop Lanfranc in
+1075, and Corboyl in 1126.
+
+The founder of the Francisians, it seems, having denied himself the
+possession of any thing but coats and a cord, and still having doubts
+whether he might not possess books, first prayed, and then casually
+opened upon Mark, chapter iv, "Unto you it is given to know the mystery
+of the kingdom of God; but unto them that are without, all these things
+are done in parables;" from which he drew the conclusion, that books
+were not necessary for him.
+
+One Peter of Thoulouse being accused of heresy, and having denied it
+upon oath, one of those who stood by, in order to judge of the truth of
+his oath, seized the book upon which he had sworn, and opening it
+hastily, met with the words of the devil to our Saviour, "What have we
+to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?" and from thence concluded that
+the accused was guilty, and had nothing to do with Christ!
+
+The extraordinary case also of King Charles I. and Lord Falkland, as
+applicable to divination of this kind, is related. Being together at
+Oxford, they went one day to see the public library, and were shown,
+among other books, a Virgil, finely printed and exquisitely bound. Lord
+Falkland, to divert the king, proposed that he should make a trial of
+his fortune by the _Sortes Virgilanae_. The king opening the book, the
+passage he happened to light upon was part of Dido's imprecation against
+Aeneas in lib. iv. l. 615. King Charles seeming concerned at the
+accident, Lord Falkland would likewise try his own fortune, hoping he
+might fall upon some passage that could have no relation to his case,
+and thus divert the king's thoughts from any impression the other might
+have upon him; but the place Lord Falkland stumbled upon was still more
+suited to his destiny, being the expressions of Evander upon the
+untimely death of his son Pallas, lib. xi. Lord Falkland fell in the
+battle of Newbury, in 1644, and Charles was beheaded in 1649.
+
+The kind of divination among the Jews, termed by them Bath Kol, or the
+daughter of the voice, was not very dissimilar to the _Sortes Sanctorum_
+of the Christians. The mode of practising it was by appealing to the
+first words accidentally heard from any one speaking or reading. The
+following is an instance from the Talmud:--Rabbi Jochanau and Rabbi
+Simeon. Ben Lachish, desiring to see the face of R. Samuel, a Babylonish
+doctor: "Let us follow," said they, "the hearing of Bath Kol."
+Travelling, therefore, near a school, they heard the voice of a boy:
+reading these words out of the First Book of Samuel, "And Samuel died."
+They observed this, and inferred from hence that their friend Samuel was
+dead, and so they found it. Some of the ancient Christians too, it
+seems, used to go to church with a purpose of receiving as the will of
+heaven the words of scripture that were singing at their entrance.
+
+To pay a very great deference in opening upon a place of scripture, as
+to its affording an assurance of salvation, used to be a very common
+practice amongst the people called Methodists, but chiefly those of the
+Calvinistic persuasion; this, it is probable, has declined in proportion
+with the earnestness of these people in other respects. They had also
+another opinion, viz. that if the recollection of any particular text of
+scripture happened to arise in their minds, this was likewise looked
+upon as a kind of immediate revelation from heaven. This they call being
+presented or brought home to them!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GATHERER
+
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other
+    men's stuff."--_Wotton_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Whoever the following story may be fathered on, Sir John Hamilton was
+certainly its parent. The duke of Rutland, at one of his levees, being
+at a loss (as probably most kings, princes, and viceroys occasionally
+are) for something to say to every person he was bound in etiquette to
+notice, remarked to Sir John Hamilton that there was "a prospect of an
+excellent crop:--the timely rain," observed the duke, "will bring every
+thing above ground." "God forbid, your excellency!" exclaimed the
+courtier. His excellency stared, whilst Sir John continued, sighing
+heavily as he spoke:--"yes, God forbid! for I have got _three wives_
+under it."--_Barrington's Sketches_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is a singular circumstance that Italia, or, as it is called in
+English, Italy, has, under all the changes and revolutions to which it
+has been subjected, always preserved its name. Every other country in
+Europe is now known to its inhabitants by other names than were given to
+it by their ancestors in the time of the Romans; but Italia continues to
+be the name of the country at the present day, and we have no authentic
+records by which we can ascertain that it ever bore any other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR INSCRIPTION.
+
+
+_Written over the Ten Commandments in a church in Wales._
+
+  PRSVRYPRFCTMN
+  VRKPTHSPRCPTSTN
+
+The meaning can only be developed by adding the vowel E, which makes the
+sense thus--
+
+  Persevere ye perfect men
+  Ever keep these precepts ten.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In a new farce, supposed to have been written by Maddocks, was the
+following curious pun:--A large party of soldiers surprising two
+resurrection men in a church-yard, the officer seized one of them, and
+asked him what he had to say for himself. "Say, sir! why, that we came
+here to raise a _corpse_, and not a _regiment!_"
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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