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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 13, Issue 377, June 27, 1829, by Various</title>
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11361 ***</div>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 13, Issue 377, June 27, 1829, by Various</h1>
+<br />
+<br />
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia,<br />
+ and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center>
+<br />
+<br />
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page433" name="page433"></a>[pg
+ 433]</span>
+ <h1>
+ THE MIRROR<br />
+ OF<br />
+ LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+ </h1>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+ <tr>
+ <td align="left">
+ <b>VOL. XIII, NO. 377.]</b>
+ </td>
+ <td align="center">
+ <b>SATURDAY, JUNE 27, 1829.</b>
+ </td>
+ <td align="right">
+ <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ Loch Goil Head
+ </h2>
+ <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+ <a href="images/377-1.png"><img width="100%"
+ src="images/377-1.png" alt="Loch Goil Head" /></a>
+ </div>
+ <h3>
+ AND RESIDENCE OF CAMPBELL, THE POET.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The Engraving represents Loch Goil Head, a small village in
+ Argyleshire, as it name imports, at the end of Loch Goil. It
+ is an exquisite vignette, of Alpine sublimity, and is
+ rendered extremely interesting as the residence of Thomas
+ Campbell, Esq. author of the "Pleasures of Hope," &amp;c. and
+ one of the most celebrated of British poets. His
+ <i>ch&acirc;teau</i>, or retreat, is represented on the left
+ of the Engraving, and its romantic position has probably
+ inspired many of the soul-stirring compositions of the
+ illustrious resident.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In this parish are the remains of Carrick Castle, which is
+ said to have been built by the Danes. It stands on a rock,
+ and was formerly surrounded
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The steam-boat on the lake is an attractive object in such a
+ district as Loch Goil&mdash;by associating one of the boasted
+ triumphs of art with the stupendous grandeur of the sublime.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page434" name="page434"></a>[pg
+ 434]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h3>
+ HILLAH ON THE EUPHRATES.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The town of Hillah lies in latitude 32 deg. 31 min. 18 sec.;
+ in longitude 12 min. 36 sec. west of Bagdad, and according to
+ Turkish authorities, was built in the fifth century of the
+ Hegira, in the district of the Euphrates, which the Arabs
+ call El-Ared-Babel. Lying on a part of the site of Babylon,
+ nothing was more likely than that it should be built out of a
+ few of the fragments of that great city. The town is
+ pleasantly situated amidst gardens and groves of date trees;
+ and spreads itself on both sides of the river, where it is
+ connected by a miserable wooden bridge, the timbers of which
+ are so rotten, that they tremble under the foot of the
+ passenger. The portion of the town, or as it is usually
+ called, the suburb, on the eastern bank, consists of one
+ principal street or bazaar, reaching from the small
+ defenceless gate by which it is entered from Bagdad, down to
+ the edge of the water; this is deemed the least considerable
+ part of Hillah. On the other side, the inhabitants, Jews,
+ Turks, and Arabs, are much thicker, and the streets and
+ bazaars more numerous.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ From the great central bazaar, well filled with merchandize,
+ branch off in various directions minor ranges, amongst which
+ are found the fish and flesh markets. In the former are
+ several varieties, and some of enormous size, resembling the
+ barbel. The fish in question is from 4 to 5 feet long, and is
+ covered with very large, thick scales. The head is about
+ one-third part of the length of the fish. They are said to
+ eat coarse and dry, but are, nevertheless, a favourite food
+ with the inhabitants; and are caught in great quantities near
+ the town, and to a considerable distance above it. The flesh
+ market is sparingly served with meat, for when Sir Robert Ker
+ Porter visited the town, he states that the whole contents of
+ the market appeared to be no more than the dismembered
+ carcasses of two sheep, two goats, and the red, rough
+ filaments of a buffalo. This display was but scant provision
+ for a population of 7,000. The streets are narrow like those
+ of Bagdad; a necessary evil in Eastern climates, to exclude
+ the power of the sun; but they are even more noisome and
+ filthy. In like manner also, they are crowded, but not with
+ so many persons in gay attire. Here are to be seen groups of
+ dark, grim-looking, half-naked Arabs, sitting idly on the
+ sides of the streets, and so numerously, as scarcely to leave
+ room for a single horse to pass; and even a cavalcade in line
+ will not alarm them, so indifferent are they, even when
+ travellers are compelled, at some abrupt turn, almost to ride
+ over them. A few sombre garbed Israelites, and occasionally
+ the Turks, attendant on official duties of the Pashalic in
+ this part of the government, also mingle in the passing or
+ seated crowd; when the solemn, saturnine air of the latter,
+ with their flowing, gaudy apparel, forms a striking contrast
+ to the daring, dirty, independent air of the almost
+ ungarmented, swarthy Arab.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A few paces above the bridge, stands the palace of the
+ governor, and the citadel, which was built by order of Ali
+ Pasha. This imposing fortress, externally, is a handsome,
+ smooth-faced, demi-fortified specimen of modern Turkish
+ architecture, erected with ancient materials. Within is a
+ spacious court, partly shaded with date trees. The whole of
+ the town towards the desert is defended by a pretty deep
+ ditch, overlooked by a proportionate number of brick-built
+ towers (all the spoil of Babylon) flanking the intermediate
+ compartments of wall. In this rampart are three gates.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As far as the eye can reach, both up and down the river, the
+ banks are thickly shaded with groves of dates, displacing, it
+ should seem, the other species of trees, from which Isaiah
+ names this scene "the Brook or Valley of Willows," although
+ the humble races of that graceful tribe, in the osier,
+ &amp;c. are yet the prolific offspring of its shores.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ G.L.S.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CURIOUS EXTRACTS FROM CURIOUS AUTHORS, FOR CURIOUS READERS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Hollingshed, who was contemporary with Queen Elizabeth,
+ informs us, "there were very few chimneys (in England in his
+ time) even in the capital towns; the fire was laid to the
+ wall, and the smoke issued out at the roof, or door, or
+ window. The houses were wattled, and plastered over with
+ clay, and all the furniture and utensils were of wood. The
+ people slept on straw pallets, with a log of wood for a
+ pillow."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Cambrensis, Bishop of St. David's, says, "It was the common
+ vice of the English, from their first settlement in Britain,
+ to expose their children and relations to sale;" and it also
+ appears, "that the wife of Earl Godwin, who was sister to
+ Canute, the Danish King of England, made great gain by the
+ trade she made of buying up English youths and maids to sell
+ to Denmark."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Lord Bacon in his Apophthegms, says,
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page435" name="page435"></a>[pg
+ 435]</span> "Ethelwold, Bishop of Winchester, in a famine,
+ sold all the rich vessels and ornaments of the church, to
+ relieve the poor with bread; and said, 'There was no reason
+ that the dead temples of God should be sumptuously furnished,
+ and the living temples suffer penury.'" Ingulphus tells us,
+ "For want of parchment to draw the deeds upon, great estates
+ were frequently conveyed from one family to another, only by
+ the ceremony of a turf and a stone, delivered before
+ witnesses, and without any written agreement." Andrews, in
+ his History of Great Britain, says, "In France, A.D. 1147,
+ the great vassals emulated and even surpassed the sovereign
+ in pomp and cost of living." As an instance of the wild
+ liberality of the age, we are informed, that Henry the
+ "munificent" Count of Champagne, being applied to by a poor
+ gentleman for a portion to enable him to marry his two
+ daughters: his steward remonstrated to him, "that he had
+ given away every thing," "thou <i>liest</i>," said Henry, "I
+ have <i>thee</i> left;" so he delivered over the steward to
+ the petitioner, who put him into confinement until he gave
+ him 500 livres, a handsome sum in those days.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Bede tells us, "Archbishop Theodore, when (in the seventh
+ century) he gave lectures on medicine at Canterbury,
+ remonstrated against bleeding on the 4th day of the moon,
+ since at that period (he said) the light of the planet and
+ the tides of the ocean were on the increase." Yet Theodore
+ was, for his era, deeply learned.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ William of Malmsbury says, "Very highly finished works in
+ gold and silver, were the produce even of our darkest ages.
+ The monks were the best artists. A jewel, now in the museum
+ at Oxford, undoubtedly made by command of, and worn by Alfred
+ the Great, is an existing witness of the height to which the
+ art was carried. Curious reliquaries, finely wrought and set
+ with precious stones, were usually styled throughout Europe,
+ Opera Anglica."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Howel tells us, "In the education of their children, the
+ Anglo-Saxons only sought to render them dauntless and apt for
+ the two most important occupations of their future
+ lives&mdash;war and the chase. It was a usual trial of a
+ child's courage, to place him on the sloping roof of a
+ building, and if, without screaming or terror, he held fast,
+ he was styled a <i>stout-herce</i>, or brave boy."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fitz-Stephen says, "Thomas &agrave; Becket lived in such
+ splendour, that besides having silver bits to his horses, he
+ had such numerous guests at his banquets, that he was obliged
+ to have rooms covered with clean hay or straw, in winter, and
+ green boughs or rushes in summer, every day, lest his guests,
+ not finding seats at his tables, should soil their gay
+ clothes by sitting on the floor." He would pay five pounds
+ (equal nearly to fifty pounds of our money) for a single dish
+ of eels. Once riding through London with Henry, the King
+ seeing a wretched, shivering beggar, "It would be a good deed
+ (said he) to give that poor wretch a coat." "True, (said
+ Becket.) and you, sir, may let him have yours." "He shall
+ have <i>yours</i>" said Henry, and after a heavy scuffle, in
+ which they had nearly dismounted each other, Becket proved
+ the weakest, and his coat was allotted to the astonished
+ mendicant.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "When William the Conqueror was crowned at Westminster, the
+ people (says Andrews) within the Abbey shouted, on the crown
+ being placed on his head, the Normans without, thought the
+ noise a signal of revolt, and began to set fire to houses,
+ and massacre the populace, nor were they satisfied that all
+ was well until considerable mischief had been done."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Dr. Henry, (says Sulivan) who has made a very full
+ collection of the facts mentioned by ancient authors,
+ concerning the provincial government of Britain, supposes its
+ annual revenue amounted to no less than two millions
+ sterling; a sum nearly as great as that which was derived
+ from Egypt, in the time of the father of Cleopatra. But this
+ calculation is built upon the authority of Lipsius. Nor are
+ there perhaps any accounts transmitted by historians, from
+ which the point can be accurately determined. The Britons
+ excelled in agriculture. They exported great quantities of
+ corn, for supplying the armies in other parts of the empire.
+ They had linen and woollen manufactures; as their mines of
+ lead and tin were inexhaustible. And further we know, that
+ Britain, in consequence of her supposed resources, was
+ sometimes reduced to such distress, by the demands of
+ government, as to be obliged to borrow money at an exorbitant
+ interest. In this trade, the best citizens of Rome were not
+ ashamed to engage; and, though prohibited by law, Seneca,
+ whose philosophy, it seems, was not incompatible with the
+ love of money, lent the Britons at one time above three
+ hundred and twenty thousand pounds."
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ P.T.W.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page436" name="page436"></a>[pg
+ 436]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h3>
+ HINTS ON DRINKING.
+ </h3>
+ <center>
+ <i>Abridged from Mr. Richards's Treatise on Nervous
+ Disorders.</i>
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ Without any intention of advocating the doctrine, or of
+ commending the reputed practice of the Pythagoreans, ancient
+ or modern, I must be allowed to reprobate the abuse of
+ fermented liquors. Although wine was invented, and its use
+ allowed "to make glad the heart of man," and although a
+ moderate and prudent indulgence in it can never excite
+ reprobation, or cause mischief, still the sin of drunkenness
+ is an extensive and a filthy evil. Not only does it
+ demoralize, debase, and finally destroy its unhappy victim,
+ but it renders him incapable of performing the ordinary
+ duties of his station; constituting him an object of disgust
+ to others, and of pitiable misery to himself. It is well to
+ talk of the Bacchanalian orgies of talented men, and to call
+ them hilarity and glee. The flashes of wit "that were wont to
+ set the table in a roar;" the brilliancy of genius, that
+ casts a charm even over folly and vice; the rank and fame of
+ the individual, no doubt, increased the fascination of his
+ failings; but however bright and wonderful may be the
+ coruscations of his talent, while under the influence of
+ wine, his frame is debilitated, tottering, and imbecile, when
+ the stimulus of the potation has subsided.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ But I do not proscribe indiscriminately all stimulus. Those
+ whose occupations are laborious, and who are much exposed to
+ our variable climate, require an absolute stimulus, over and
+ above what they eat. Dr. Franklin advocated a contrary
+ doctrine, and inculcated the fact, that a twopenny loaf was
+ much better for a man than a quart of beer; and he adduces
+ the horse and other beasts of burthen as examples of the
+ inefficacy of the use of fermented liquors. But all this is
+ founded upon decidedly erroneous premises. To enable a
+ hard-working horse to go through his toil with spirit, he
+ must have corn, or some other article subject to
+ fermentation. Now, the horse, as well as many other animals,
+ have stomachs very capacious, and probably adapted to the
+ production of this fermentation. So that corn is, in fact, a
+ powerful fermented stimulus to the beast.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Let us then assume, that stimulus in a certain degree is
+ necessary to sustain the strength and invigorate the frame of
+ the toiling man; and the best proof of its good effect is the
+ comfort and energy which it imparts to its consumer; but if
+ this necessary stimulus be exceeded, then it is abused, and
+ every mouthful in addition becomes ultimately poisonous. The
+ first effect which is produced is upon the internal coat of
+ the stomach, as we may learn from the warmth which we feel.
+ The repetition increases the circulation of the blood, which
+ seems, as it were, to dance through the veins; the pulse
+ becomes quick and full, the eyes sparkle, and the imagination
+ is quickened; in short, the whole frame is excited, as is
+ evinced by every word, look, and action. If the affair end
+ here, well and good; but we will suppose that the potation
+ goes on, and very speedily a new effect is produced. The
+ brain, oppressed by the load of blood thrown up into it, and
+ irritated through its quick sympathy with the stomach;
+ oppressed, also, by the powerful pulsation of the larger
+ arteries about the head, becomes, in a degree, paralyzed. The
+ tongue moves with difficulty, and loses the power of distinct
+ articulation; the limbs become enfeebled and unsteady; the
+ mind is deranged, being either worked up into fury, or
+ reduced to ridiculous puerility, and if the stimulus be
+ pushed farther than this, absolute insensibility ensues. Such
+ is a brief view of the physical progress of a debauch; and it
+ is needless to point out the effect of all this mischief upon
+ the frame which is subjected to it.<a id="footnotetag1"
+ name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Although we have thus seen that fermented liquors, if taken
+ to excess, become pernicious in their effect, we must not
+ condemn their <i>use</i>, because their <i>abuse</i> is bad.
+ Why should we act and feel as if this bountiful world,
+ brilliant in beauty and overflowing with blessings, was a
+ collection of steel traps and spring guns, set to catch the
+ body and shoot the soul? Is it not much better and wiser to
+ avail ourselves of the many blessings which Providence has
+ placed before us, than to set ourselves to work to detect
+ poison in our drink, and God knows what in our meat? It
+ savours of learning, doubtless, to do all this; but <i>cui
+ bono</i>? where is the <i>real</i> utility which it produces?
+ Our grandfathers and their progenitors were well convinced
+ that a good cup of "sherris-sack" comforted the heart, and
+ aided digestion; and why the same opinion should not govern
+ us, I must leave to the dieteticians to decide.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The moderate use of wine and of malt liquors is exceedingly
+ grateful to our feelings, and abundantly beneficial to our
+ constitution; but ardent spirits are found to be so
+ pernicious to most constitutions, and especially to those: of
+ the inhabitants <span class="pagenum"><a id="page437"
+ name="page437"></a>[pg 437]</span> of crowded towns and
+ cities, that, excepting under peculiar circumstances, it is
+ better to discard them altogether. A glass or two of good
+ wine can never do any harm; neither can a cup of good,
+ genuine, "humming ale." The chemists tell us that the London
+ ale is a horrid and narcotic compound; and so, in truth, by
+ far the largest portion of it is. But there are two or three
+ honest men in the metropolis, who sell genuine Kennet,
+ Nottingham, and Scotch ales, from whom it is very easy to
+ procure it quite pure. If, however, malt liquor does not
+ agree with the stomach, or what is the same thing, is
+ <i>supposed</i> not to agree, it is a very easy matter to
+ substitute wine for it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A word or two, here, with regard to <i>genuine</i> ale. Half
+ of what is sold under the name of Scotch, Kennet, &amp;c. is
+ manufactured at Bromley, or elsewhere, according to
+ prescriptions adapted to the peculiarities of each kind.
+ This, perhaps, is nothing very enormous; but the publicans
+ "<i>doctor</i>" their beer, after it has left the brewhouse,
+ in a manner that calls loudly for reprehension. Salt of
+ tartar, carbonate of soda, oil of vitriol, and green copperas
+ (sulphate of iron) are some of the articles in common use;
+ and knowing this to be the case, it is really a matter of
+ importance to know where good, pure beer is to be obtained.
+ The best Kennet ale is to be had at Sherwood's, in Vine
+ Street, Piccadilly, or at Chapman's, in Wardour Street; both
+ these dealers have it direct from Butler's, at Kennet, and a
+ very superior article it is. Nottingham ale may be procured
+ in casks at Sansom's, in Dean Street, Red Lion Square; and
+ the best Scotch ale in London, whether in draught or bottle,
+ is at Normington's, in Warren Street, Fitzroy Square.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ VIDOCQ
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ [In our vol. xii. we gave a few extracts from vol. i. of the
+ <i>Memoirs of Vidocq</i>, the principal agent of the French
+ Police, until 1827; which extracts we have reason to know
+ were received with high <i>gout</i> by most of our readers.
+ The second and third volumes of these extraordinary
+ adventures have just appeared, and contain higher-coloured
+ depravities than their predecessors. Some of them, indeed,
+ might have been spared; but as a graphic illustration of the
+ petty thievery of Paris, the following extract bears great
+ merit:&mdash;]
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I do not think that amongst the readers of these Memoirs one
+ will be found who, even by chance, has set foot at
+ Guillotin's.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ "Eh! what?" some one will exclaim, "Guillotin!"
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Ce savant m&eacute;decin
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Que l'amour du prochain
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Fit mourir de chagrin.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ "You are mistaken; we all know the celebrated doctor, who
+ &mdash;&mdash;;" but the Guillotin of whom I am speaking is
+ an unsophisticated adulterer of wines, whose establishment,
+ well known to the most degraded classes of robbers, is
+ situate opposite to the Cloaque Desnoyers, which the raff of
+ the Barriere call the drawing-room of la Courtille. A workman
+ may be honest to a certain extent, and venture in, <i>en
+ passant</i>, to papa Desnoyers's. If he be <i>awake</i>, and
+ keep his eye on the company, although a row should commence,
+ he may, by the aid of the gendarmes, escape with only a few
+ blows, and pay no one's scot but his own. At Guillotin's he
+ will not come off so well, particularly if his <i>toggery</i>
+ be over spruce, and his <i>pouch</i> has <i>chink</i> in it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Picture to yourself, reader, a square room of considerable
+ magnitude, the walls of which, once white, have been
+ blackened by every species of exhalation. Such is, in all its
+ simple modesty, the aspect of a temple consecrated to the
+ worship of Bacchus and Terpsichore. At first, by a very
+ natural optical illusion, we are struck by the confined space
+ before us, but the eye, after a time, piercing through the
+ thick atmosphere of a thousand vapours which are most
+ inodorous, the extent becomes visible by details which escape
+ in the first chaotic glimpse. It is the moment of creation,
+ all is bright, the fog disappears, becomes peopled, is
+ animated, forms appear, they move, they are agitated, they
+ are no illusory shadows; but, on the contrary, essentially
+ material, which cross and recross at every moment. What
+ beatitudes! what joyous life! Never, even for the Epicureans,
+ were so many felicities assembled together. Those who like to
+ wallow in filth, can find it here to their heart's content;
+ many seated at tables, on which, without ever being wiped
+ away, are renewed a hundred times a day the most disgusting
+ libations, close in a square space reserved for what they
+ call the dancers. At the further end of this infected cave
+ there is, supported by four worm-eaten pillars, a sort of
+ alcove, constructed from broken-up ship timber, which is
+ graced by the appearance of two
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page438" name="page438"></a>[pg
+ 438]</span> or three rags of old tapestry. It is on this
+ chicken coop that the music is perched: two clarinets, a
+ hurdy-gurdy, a cracked trumpet, and a grumbling
+ bassoon&mdash;five instruments whose harmonious movements are
+ regulated by the crutch of Monsieur Double-Croche, a lame
+ dwarf, who is called the leader of the orchestra. Here all is
+ in harmony&mdash;the faces, costumes, the food that is
+ prepared; a general appearance is scouted. There is no closet
+ in which walking-sticks, umbrellas, and cloaks are deposited;
+ the women have their hair all in confusion like a poodle dog,
+ and the kerchief perched on the top of the head, or in a knot
+ tied in front with the corners in a rosette, or if you prefer
+ it, a cockade, which threatens the eye in the same manner as
+ those of the country mules. As for the men, it is a waistcoat
+ with a cap and falling collar, if they have a shirt, which is
+ the regulated costume; breeches are not insisted on; the
+ supreme bon ton would be an artilleryman's cap, the frock of
+ an hussar, the pantaloon of a lancer, the boots of a
+ guardsman, in fact the cast-off attire of three or four
+ regiments, or the wardrobe of a field of battle. The ladies
+ adore the cavalry, and have a decided taste for the dress of
+ the whole army; but nothing so much pleases them as
+ mustachios, and a broad red cap adorned with leather of the
+ same colour.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In this assembly, a beaver hat, unless napless and brimless,
+ would be very rare; no one ever remembers to have seen a coat
+ there, and should any one dare to present himself in a great
+ coat, unless <i>a family man</i>, he would be sure to depart
+ skirtless, or only in his waistcoat. In vain would he ask
+ pardon for those flaps which had offended the eyes of the
+ noble assembly; too happy would he be if, after having been
+ bandied and knocked about with the utmost unanimity as a
+ greenhorn, only one skirt should be left in the hands of
+ these youthful beauties, who, in the fervour of gaiety,
+ rather roar out than sing.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Desnoyers's is the Cadran bleu de la Canaille, (the resort of
+ the lower orders;) but before stepping over the threshold of
+ the cabaret of Guillotin, even the canaille themselves look
+ twice, as in this repository are only to be seen prostitutes
+ with their bullies, pick-pockets and thieves of all classes,
+ some <i>prigs</i> of the lowest grade, and many of those
+ nocturnal marauders who divide their existence into two
+ parts, consecrating it to the duties of theft and riot. It
+ may be supposed that slang is the only language of this
+ delightful society: it is generally in French, but so
+ perverted from its primitive signification, that there is not
+ a member of the distinguished "company of forty" who can
+ flatter himself with a full knowledge of it, and yet the
+ "dons of Guillotin's" have their purists; those who assert
+ that slang took its rise in the East, and without thinking
+ for a moment of disputing their talent as Orientalists, they
+ take that title to themselves without any ceremony; as also
+ that of Argonauts, when they have completed their studies
+ under the direction of the galley sergeants, in working, in
+ the port of Toulon, the dormant navigation on board a vessel
+ in dock. If notes were pleasing to me, I could here seize the
+ opportunity of making some very learned remarks. I should,
+ perhaps, go into a profound disquisition, but I am about to
+ paint the paradise of these bacchanalians; the colours are
+ prepared&mdash;let us finish the picture.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If they drink at Guillotin's they eat also, and the mysteries
+ of the kitchen of this place of delights are well worthy of
+ being known. The little father Guillotin has no butcher, but
+ he has a purveyor; and in his brass stewpans, the verdigris
+ of which never poisons, the dead horse is transformed into
+ beef a-la-mode; the thighs of the dead dogs found in Rue
+ Gu&eacute;negaud become legs of mutton from the salt-marshes;
+ and the magic of a piquant sauce gives to the <i>staggering
+ bob</i> (dead born veal) of the cow-feeder the appetizing
+ look of that of Pontoise. We are told that the cheer in
+ winter is excellent, when the rot prevails; and if ever
+ (during M. Delaveau's administration) bread were scarce in
+ summer during the "massacre of the innocents," mutton was to
+ be had here at a very cheap rate. In this country of
+ metamorphoses the hare never had the right of citizenship; it
+ was compelled to yield to the rabbit, and the
+ rabbit&mdash;how happy the rats are!
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ Father Guillotin consumed generally more oil than cotton, but
+ I can, nevertheless, affirm, that, in my time, some banquets
+ have been spread at his cabaret, which, subtracting the
+ liquids, could not have cost more at the caf&eacute; Riche,
+ or at Grignon's. I remember six individuals, named
+ Driancourt, Vilattes, Pitroux, and three others, who found
+ means to spend 166 francs there in one night. In fact, each
+ of them had with him his favourite <i>bella</i>. The citizen
+ no doubt pretty well fleeced them, but they did not complain,
+ and that quarter of an hour which Rabelais had so much
+ difficulty in passing, caused them no trouble; they paid like
+ grandees, without forgetting the waiter. I apprehended them
+ whilst they were paying the bill, which they had not even
+ taken the trouble of examining. Thieves
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page439" name="page439"></a>[pg
+ 439]</span> are generous when they are caught "i' the vein."
+ They had just committed many considerable robberies, which
+ they are now repenting in the bagnes of France.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ It can scarcely be believed that in the centre of
+ civilization, there can exist a den so hideous as the cave of
+ Guillotin; it must be seen, as I have seen it, to be
+ believed. Men and women all smoked as they danced, the pipe
+ passed from mouth to mouth, and the most refined gallantry
+ that could be offered to the nymphs who came to this
+ rendezvous, to display their graces in the postures and
+ attitudes of the indecent Chahut, was, to offer them the
+ <i>pruneau</i>, that is, the quid of tobacco, submitted or
+ not, according to the degree of familiarity, to the test of a
+ previous mastication. The peace-officers and inspectors were
+ characters too greatly distinguished to appear amongst such
+ an assemblage, they kept themselves most scrupulously aloof,
+ to avoid so repugnant a contact; I myself was much disgusted
+ with it, but at the same time was persuaded, that to discover
+ and apprehend malefactors it would not do to wait until they
+ should come and throw themselves into my arms; I therefore
+ determined to seek them out, and that my searches might not
+ be fruitless, I endeavoured to find out their haunts, and
+ then, like a fisherman who has found a preserve, I cast my
+ line out with a certainty of a bite. I did not lose my time
+ in searching for a needle in a bottle of hay, as the saying
+ is; when we lack water, it is useless to go to the source of
+ a dried-up stream and wait for a shower of rain; but to quit
+ all metaphor, and speak plainly&mdash;the spy who really
+ means to ferret out the robbers, ought, as much as possible,
+ to dwell amongst them, that he may grasp at every opportunity
+ which presents itself of drawing down upon their heads the
+ sentence of the laws. Upon this principle I acted, and this
+ caused my recruits to say that I made men robbers; I
+ certainly have, in this way, made a vast many, particularly
+ on my first connexion with the police.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CONSUMPTION OF EUROPEAN MANUFACTURES.
+ </h3>
+ <center>
+ <i>From the Memoirs of General Miller</i>.
+ </center>
+ <center>
+ <i>Second Edition</i>.
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ The aboriginal inhabitants of Peru are gradually beginning to
+ experience the benefit which has been conferred upon them, by
+ the repeal of ancient oppressive laws. In the districts that
+ produce gold, their exertions will be redoubled, for they now
+ work for themselves. They can obtain this precious metal by
+ merely scratching the earth, and, although the collection of
+ each individual may be small, the aggregate quantity thus
+ obtained will be far from inconsiderable. As the aborigines
+ attain comparative wealth, they will acquire a taste for the
+ minor comforts of life. The consumption of European
+ manufactures will be increased to an incalculable degree, and
+ the effect upon the general commerce of the world will be
+ sensibly perceived. It is for the first and most active
+ manufacturing country in Christendom to take a proper
+ advantage of the opening thus afforded. Already, in those
+ countries, British manufactures employ double the tonnage,
+ and perhaps exceed twenty times the value, of the
+ importations from all other foreign nations put together. The
+ wines and tasteful bagatelles of France, and the flour and
+ household furniture of the United States, will bear no
+ comparison in value to the cottons of Manchester, the linens
+ of Glasgow, the broadcloths of Leeds, or the hardware of
+ Birmingham. All this is proved by the great proportion of
+ precious metals sent to England, as compared with the
+ remittances to other nations. The very watches sent by
+ Messrs. Roskell and Co. of Liverpool, would out-balance the
+ exports of some of the <i>nations</i> which trade to South
+ America.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SOUTH AMERICAN MANNERS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Whether it be the romantic novelty of many places in South
+ America, the salubrity of the climate, the free unrestrained
+ intercourse of the more polished classes, or whether there be
+ some undefinable charm in that state of society which has not
+ passed beyond a certain point of civilization, certain it is
+ that few foreigners have resided for any length of time in
+ Chile, Peru, or in the principal towns of the Pampas, without
+ feeling an ardent desire to revisit them. In this number
+ might be named several European naval officers who have
+ served in the Pacific, and who nave expressed these
+ sentiments, although they move in the very highest circles of
+ England and France. Countries which have not reached the
+ utmost pitch of refinement have their peculiar attractions,
+ as well as the most highly polished nations; but, to the
+ casual resident, the former offers many advantages
+ unattainable in Europe. The virtue of hospitality, exiled by
+ luxury and refinement, exhibits itself in the New World under
+ such noble and endearing forms as would almost tempt the
+ philosopher, as well as the weary traveller, to dread the
+ approach of the factitious civilization that would banish it.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page440" name="page440"></a>[pg
+ 440]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h2>
+ The Labyrinth, at Versailles.
+ </h2>
+ <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+ <a href="images/377-2.png"><img width="100%"
+ src="images/377-2.png" alt="The Labyrinth, at Versailles." />
+ </a>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ This charming labyrinth is attached to <i>Le Petit
+ Trianon</i> at Versailles. The palace and its gardens were
+ formed under the reign of Louis XV., who was there when he
+ was attacked by the contagious disease of which he died.
+ Louis XVI. gave it to his queen, who took great delight in
+ the spot, and had the gardens laid out in the English style.
+ The <i>ch&acirc;teau</i>, or palace, is situated at one of
+ the extremities of the park of the Grand Trianon, and forms a
+ pavilion, about seventy-two feet square. It consists of a
+ ground floor and two stories, decorated with fluted
+ Corinthian columns and pilasters crowned by a balustrade. The
+ gardens are delightful: here is a temple of love; there an
+ artificial rock from which water rushes into a lake; there a
+ picturesque wooden bridge, a rural hamlet, grottoes, cottages
+ embowered in groves of trees, diversified with statues and
+ seats&mdash;and above all, the fascinating MAZE, the plan of
+ which is represented in the Engraving.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Versailles, its magnificent palace and gardens, are
+ altogether fraught with melancholy associations. When we last
+ saw them, the grounds and buildings presented a sorry picture
+ of neglect and decay. The mimic lakes and ponds were green
+ and slimy, the grottoes and shell-work crumbling away, the
+ fountains still, and the cascades dry. But the latter are
+ exhibited on certain days during the summer, when the gardens
+ are thronged with gay Parisians. The most interesting object
+ however, is, the orange-tree planted by Francis I. in 1421,
+ which is in full health and bearing: alas! we halted beside
+ it, and thought of the wonderful revolutions and uprootings
+ that France had suffered since this tree was planted.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In <i>Le Petit Trianon</i> and its grounds the interesting
+ Queen Marie Antoinette passed many happy hours of seclusion;
+ and would that her retreat had been confined to the
+ <i>maze</i> of Nature, rather than she had been engaged in
+ the political intrigues which exposed her to the fury of a
+ revolutionary mob. In the palace we were shown the chamber of
+ Marie Antoinette, where the ruffians stabbed through the
+ covering of the bed, the queen having previously escaped from
+ this room to the king's chamber; and, as if to keep up the
+ folly of the splendid ruin, a gilder was renovating the room
+ of the ill-starred queen.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I trust you will pardon my feeble attempt last week, and I
+ wish you had been in the car with us, to have witnessed the
+ magnificent scene, and the difficulty of describing it. At
+ our ascent we rose, in a few seconds, 600 feet; and instantly
+ a flood of light and beautiful scenery burst forth. Picture
+ to yourself the Thames with its shipping; Greenwich with its
+ stately Hospital and Park; Blackwall, Blackheath, Peckham,
+ Camberwell, Dulwich, Norwood, St. Paul's, the Tower of
+ London, &amp;c. and the surrounding country, all brought
+ immediately into your view, all apparently receding, and lit
+ up into magnificence by the beams of a brilliant evening sun,
+ (twenty-seven minutes past seven,) and then say who can
+ portray or describe the scene, I say I cannot.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ P.T.W.
+ </h4>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page441" name="page441"></a>[pg
+ 441]</span>
+ </p>
+ <h2>
+ THE NATURALIST.
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ BEES.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The faculty, or instinct of bees is sometimes at fault, for
+ we often hear of their adopting the strangest and most
+ unsuitable tenements for the construction of cells. A
+ hussar's cap, so suspended from a moderate sized branch of a
+ tree, as to be agitated by slight winds, was found filled
+ with bees and comb. An old coat, that had been thrown over
+ the decayed trunk of a tree and forgotten, was filled with
+ comb and bees. Any thing, in short, either near the
+ habitations of man, or in the forests, will serve the bees
+ for a shelter to their combs.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The average number of a hive, or swarm, is from fifteen to
+ twenty thousand bees. Nineteen thousand four hundred and
+ ninety-nine are neuters or working bees, five hundred are
+ drones, and the remaining <i>one</i> is the queen or mother!
+ Every living thing, from man down to an ephemeral insect,
+ pursues the bee to its destruction for the sake of the honey
+ that is deposited in its cell, or secreted in its honey-bag.
+ To obtain that which the bee is carrying to its hive,
+ numerous birds and insects are on the watch, and an
+ incredible number of bees fall victims, in consequence, to
+ their enemies. Independently of this, there are the changes
+ in the weather, such as high winds, sudden showers, hot
+ sunshine; and then there is the liability to fall into
+ rivers, besides a hundred other dangers to which bees are
+ exposed.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When a queen bee ceases to animate the hive, the bees are
+ conscious of her loss; after searching for her through the
+ hive, for a day or more, they examine the royal cells, which
+ are of a peculiar construction and reversed in position,
+ hanging vertically, with the mouth underneath. If no eggs or
+ larvae are to be found in these cells, they then
+ <i>enlarge</i> several of those cells, which are appropriated
+ to the eggs of neuters, and in which <i>queen eggs have been
+ deposited</i>. They soon attach a royal cell to the enlarged
+ surface, and the queen bee, enabled now to grow, protrudes
+ itself by degrees into the royal cell, and comes out
+ perfectly formed, to the great pleasure of the bees.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The bee seeks only its own gratification in procuring honey
+ and in regulating its household, and as, according to the old
+ proverb, what is one man's meat is another's poison, it
+ sometimes carries honey to its cell, which is prejudicial to
+ us. Dr. Barton in the fifth volume, of the "American
+ Philosophical Transactions," speaks of several plants that
+ yield a poisonous syrup, of which the bees partake without
+ injury, but which has been fatal to man. He has enumerated
+ some of these plants, which ought to be destroyed wherever
+ they are seen, namely, dwarf-laurel, great laurel, kalmia
+ latifolia, broad-leaved moorwort, Pennsylvania
+ mountain-laurel, wild honeysuckle (the bees, cannot get much
+ of this,) and the stramonium or Jamestown-weed.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A young bee can be readily distinguished from an old one, by
+ the greyish coloured down that covers it, and which it loses
+ by the wear and tear of hard labour; and if the bee be not
+ destroyed before the season is over, this down entirely
+ disappears, and the groundwork of the insect is seen, white
+ or black. On a close examination, very few of these black or
+ aged bees, will be seen at the opening of the spring, as, not
+ having the stamina of those that are younger, they perish
+ from inability to encounter the vicissitudes of
+ winter.&mdash;<i>American Farmer's Manual</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ THE ELM.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I shall be obliged to any of your correspondents who can
+ inform me from whence came the term <i>witch-elm</i>, a name
+ given to a species of elm tree, to distinguish it from the
+ common elm. Some people have conjectured that it was a
+ corruption of <i>white elm</i>, and so called from the
+ silvery whiteness of its leaves when the sun shines upon
+ them; but this is hardly probable, as Sir F. Bacon in his
+ "<i>Silva Silvarum</i>, or Natural History, in Ten
+ Centuries," speaks of it under the name of <i>weech-elm</i>.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ H.B.A.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CROP OF BIRDS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Besides the stomach, most birds have a membranous sac,
+ capable of considerable distension; it is usually called a
+ crop, (by the scientific <i>Ingluvies</i>,) into which the
+ food first descends after being swallowed. This bag is very
+ conspicuous in the granivorous tribes immediately after
+ eating. Its chief use seems to be to soften the food before
+ it is admitted into the gizzard. In <i>young fowls</i> it
+ becomes sometimes preternaturally distended, while the bird
+ pines for want of nourishment. This is produced by something
+ in the crop, such as straw, or other obstructing matter,
+ which prevents the descent of the food into the gizzard. In
+ such a case, a longitudinal incision may
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page442" name="page442"></a>[pg
+ 442]</span> be made in the crop, its contents removed, and,
+ the incision being sewed up, the fowl will, in general, do
+ well.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Another curious fact relative to this subject was stated by
+ Mr. Brookes, when lecturing on birds at the <i>Zoological
+ Society</i>, May 1827. He had an eagle, which was at liberty
+ in his garden; happening to lay two dead rats, which had been
+ poisoned, under a pewter basin, to which the eagle could have
+ access, but who nevertheless did not see him place the rats
+ under it, he was surprised to see, some time afterwards, the
+ crop of the bird considerably distended; and finding the rats
+ abstracted from beneath the basin, he concluded that the
+ eagle had devoured them. Fearing the consequences, he lost no
+ time in opening the crop, took out the rats, and sewed up the
+ incision; the eagle did well and is now alive. A proof this
+ of the acuteness of smell in the eagle, and also of the
+ facility and safety with which, even in grown birds, the
+ operation of opening the crop may be
+ performed.&mdash;<i>Jennings's Ornithologia</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ HATCHING.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The following singular fact was first brought into public
+ notice by Mr. Yarrel; and will be found in his papers in the
+ second volume of the <i>Zoological Journal</i>. The fact
+ alluded to is, that there is attached to the upper mandible
+ of all young birds about to be hatched a <i>horny
+ appendage</i>, by which they are enabled more effectually to
+ make perforations in the shell, and contribute to their own
+ liberation. This sharp prominence, to use the words of Mr.
+ Yarrel, becomes opposed to the shell at various points, in a
+ line extending throughout its whole circumference, about one
+ third below the larger end of the egg; and a series of
+ perforations more or less numerous are thus effected by the
+ increasing strength of the chick, weakening the shell in a
+ direction opposed to the muscular power of the bird; it is
+ thus ultimately enabled, by its own efforts, to break the
+ walls of its prison. In the common fowl, this horny appendage
+ falls off in a day or two after the chick is hatched; in the
+ pigeon it sometimes remains on the beak ten or twelve days;
+ this arises, doubtless, from the young pigeons being fed by
+ the parent bird for some time after their being hatched; and
+ thus there is no occasion for the young using the beak for
+ picking up its food.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ MAN.&mdash;A FRAGMENT.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p class="i8">
+ Man is a monster,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The fool of passion and the slave of sin.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ No laws can curb him when the will consents
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To an unlawful deed.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ CYMBELINE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ THE CHOSEN ONE.
+ </h3>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Here's a long line of beauties&mdash;see!
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Ay, and as varied as they're many&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Say, can I guess the one would be
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Your choice among them all&mdash;if any?"
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "I doubt it,&mdash;for I hold as dust
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Charms many praise beyond all measure&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ While gems they treat as lightly, <i>must</i>
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Combine to form my chosen treasure."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Will this do?"&mdash;"No;&mdash;that hair of gold,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ That brow of snow, that eye of splendour,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Cannot redeem the mien so cold,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ The air so stiff, so quite <i>un-tender</i>."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "This then?"&mdash;"Far worse! <i>Can</i> lips like
+ these
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Thus smile as though they asked the kiss?&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Thinks she that e'en such eyes can please,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Beaming&mdash;there is no word&mdash;like <i>this?</i>"
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Look on that singer at the harp,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Of her you cannot speak thus&mdash;ah, no!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ &mdash;"Her! why she's <i>formed</i> of flat and
+ sharp&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ I doubt not she's a fine soprano!"
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "The next?"&mdash;"What, she who lowers her eyes
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ From sheer mock-modesty&mdash;so pert,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ So doubtful-mannered?&mdash;I despise
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Her, and all like her&mdash;she's a <i>Flirt!</i>
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "And this is why my spleen's above
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ The power of words;&mdash;'tis that they can
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Make the vile semblance be to Love
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Just what the Monkey is to Man!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "But yonder I, methinks, can trace
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ One <i>very</i> different from these&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Her features speak&mdash;her form is Grace
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Completed by the touch of Ease!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "That opening lip, that fine frank eye
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Breathe Nature's own true gaiety&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ So sweet, so rare <i>when thus</i>, that I
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Gaze on't with joy, nay ecstacy!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "For when <i>'tis</i> thus, you'll also see
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ That eye still richer gifts express&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And on that lip there oft will be
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ A sighing smile of tenderness!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Yes! here a matchless spirit dwells
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ E'en for that lovely dwelling fit!&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ I gaze on her&mdash;my bosom swells
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ With feelings, thoughts,&mdash;&mdash;oh! exquisite!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "That such a being, noble, tender,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ So fair, so delicate, so dear,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Would let one love her, and <i>befriend</i> her!&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ &mdash;Ah, yes, <i>my</i> Chosen One is here!"
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ <i>London Magazine</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ TRAVELLING ON THE CONTINENT.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The man whom we have known to be surrounded by respect and
+ attachment at home, whose life is honourable and useful
+ within his proper sphere, we have seen with his family
+ drudging along continental roads, painfully disputing with
+ postilions in bad French, insulted by the menials of inns,
+ fretting his time and temper with the miserable creatures who
+ inflict their tedious ignorance under the name of guides, and
+ only happy in reaching any term to the journey which fashion
+ or family entreaty have forced upon him. We are willing,
+ however, to regard such instances as casual, and proving only
+ that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page443"
+ name="page443"></a>[pg 443]</span> travelling, like other
+ pleasures, has its alloys; but stationary residence abroad
+ brings with it other and more serious evils. To the animation
+ of a changing scene of travel, succeeds the tedious idleness
+ of a foreign town, with scanty resources of society, and yet
+ scantier of honourable or useful occupation. Here also we do
+ but describe what we have too frequently seen&mdash;the
+ English gentleman, who at home would have been improving his
+ estates, and aiding the public institutions of his country,
+ abandoned to utter insignificance; his mind and resources
+ running waste for want of employment, or, perchance, turned
+ to objects to which even idleness might reasonably be
+ preferred. We have seen such a man loitering along his idle
+ day in streets, promenades, or coffee-houses; or sometimes
+ squandering time and money at the gambling-table, a victim
+ because an idler. The objects of nature and art, which
+ originally interested him, cease altogether to do so.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We admit many exceptions to this picture; but we,
+ nevertheless, draw it as one which will be familiar to all,
+ who have been observers on the continent. One circumstance
+ must further be added to the outline; we mean, the detachment
+ from religious habits, which generally and naturally attends
+ such residence abroad. The means of public worship exist to
+ our countrymen but in few places; and there under
+ circumstances the least propitious to such duties. Days
+ speedily become all alike; or if Sunday be distinguished at
+ all, it is but as the day of the favourite opera, or most
+ splendid ballet of the week. We are not puritanically severe
+ in our notions, and we intend no reproach to the religious or
+ moral habits of other nations. We simply assert, that English
+ families removed from out of the sphere of those proper
+ duties, common to every people, and from all opportunities of
+ public worship or religious example, incur a risk which is
+ very serious in kind, especially to those still young and
+ unformed in character.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Quarterly Review.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ ANCIENT FARRIERY.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The following curious verses are copied from an engraving
+ which the Farriers' Company have lately had taken from an old
+ painting of their pedigree, on vellum, at the George and
+ Vulture Tavern.
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ If suche may boast as by a subtile arte,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Canne without labour make excessive gayne,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And under name of Misterie imparte,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Unto the worlde the Crafie's but of their brayne.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ How muche more doe their praise become men's themes
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ That bothe by art and labour gett their meanes.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ And of all artes that worthe or praise doeth merite,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ To none the <i>Marshall Farrier's</i> will submitt,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ That bothe by Physicks, arte, force, hands, and spiritt
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ The Kinge and subject in peace and warre doe fitt,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Many of Tuball boast first Smythe that ever wrought,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ But <i>Farriers</i> more do, doe than Tuball ever taught.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Three things there are that <i>Marshalry</i> doe prove
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ To be a Misterie exceeding farre,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Those wilie Crafte's that many men doe love.
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Is unfitt for peace and more unaptt for warre,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For Honor, Anncestrie, and for Utilitie,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ <i>Farriers</i> may boast their artes habilitie,
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ For Honor, view, this anncient
+ Pedigree<a id="footnotetag2"
+ name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Of Noble Howses, that did beare the name
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Of <i>Farriers</i>, and were <i>Earles</i>; as you may
+ see,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ That used the arte and did supporte the same,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ And to perpetuall honour of the Crafte,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Castells they buylt and to succession left.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ For anncestrie of tyme oh! who canne tell
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ The first beginning of so old a trade,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For Horses were before the Deluge fell,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ And cures, and shoes, before that tyme were made,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ We need not presse tyme farther then it beares,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ A Company have <i>Farriers</i> beene 300 Yeres!!
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ And in this <i>Cittie London</i> have remayned
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ Called by the name of <i>Marshall Farriers</i>,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Which title of Kinge Edward the Third was gaynde,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ For service done unto him in his warres,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A <i>Maister</i> and two <i>Wardens</i> in skill expert,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ The trade to rule and give men their desert.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ And for utilitie that cannot be denied,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ That many are the Proffitts that arise
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To all men by the <i>Farriers</i> arte beside.
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ To them they are tied, by their necessities,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ From the Kinge's steede unto the ploweman's cart,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ All stande in neede of <i>Farriers</i> skillfull arte.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ In peace at hande the <i>Farriers</i> must be hadde,
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ For lanncing, healinge, bleedinge, and for shooeinge,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In Warres abroade of hym they wille be gladd
+ </p>
+ <p class="i2">
+ To cure the wounded Horsse, still he is douinge,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In peace or warre abroade, or ellse at home,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To Kinge and Countrie that some good may come.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ Loe! thus you heare the <i>Farriers</i> endelesss praise,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ God grant it last as many yeres as it hath lasted Daies.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ Anno Dni 1612.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ G.W.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ CURIOUS SCRAPS.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ We read of a beautiful table, "wherein Saturn was of copper,
+ Jupiter of gold, Mars of iron, and the Sun of silver, the
+ eyes were charmed, and the mind instructed by beholding the
+ circles. The Zodiac and all its signs formed with wonderful
+ art, of metals and precious stones."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page444" name="page444"></a>[pg
+ 444]</span> Was not this an imperfect orrery?
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In 1283, say the annals of Dunstable, "We sold our slave by
+ birth, William Pike, with all his family, and received one
+ mark from the buyer." Men must have been cheaper than horses.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In 1340, gunpowder and guns were first invented by Swartz, a
+ monk of Cologne. In 1346, Edward III. had four pieces of
+ cannon, which contributed to gain him the battle of Cressy.
+ Bombs and mortars were invented about this time.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In 1386, the magnificent castle of Windsor was built by
+ Edward III. and his method of conducting the work may serve
+ as a specimen of the condition of the people in that age.
+ Instead of engaging workmen by contracts or wages, he
+ assessed every county in England to send him a certain number
+ of masons, tilers, and carpenters, as if he had been levying
+ an army.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In 1654, the air pump was invented by Otto Guericke, a
+ German.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 1406, B.C. Iron first discovered by burning the woods on
+ Mount Ida, in Greece.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 720, B.C. The first lunar eclipse on record.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Anaximander, the disciple of Thales, invented maps and
+ globes; born about 610 B.C.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 894, B.C. Gold and silver money first coined at Argos, in
+ Greece.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 274, A.D. Silk first imported from India.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 664, A.D. Glass first invented in England by O. Benalt, a
+ monk.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 1284, A.D. The Alphonsine Astronomical Tables constructed,
+ under the patronage of Alphonso X. of Laon and Castile.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ 1337, A.D. The first comet described with astronomical
+ precision.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The first diving bell we read of was a very large kettle
+ suspended by ropes with the mouth downwards, and planks fixed
+ in the middle of its concavity. Two Greeks at Toledo in 1583,
+ made an experiment with it before Charles V. They descended
+ in it with a lighted candle to a great depth.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Odyssey was written upon the skin of a serpent.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Formerly pennies were marked with a double cross and crease,
+ so that it might easily be broken into two or four parts.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ HALBERT H.
+ </h4>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE SKETCH-BOOK
+ </h2>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SKETCH OF THE BATTLE OF ALGIERS.
+ </h3>
+ <center>
+ <i>By an officer engaged.</i>
+ </center>
+ <p>
+ The Leander, fitted for the flag of Rear-Admiral Milne, was
+ at Spithead, in June, 1816, when Lord Exmouth arrived with a
+ squadron from the Mediterranean, where a dispute had arisen
+ between the Dey of Algiers and his lordship, in consequence
+ of a massacre that took place at Bona, on the persons of
+ foreigners, then under the protection of the British flag.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When the particulars were made known to government, Lord
+ Exmouth was ordered to return to Algiers, and to demand, in
+ the name of the Prince Regent, instant reparation for the
+ insult offered to England. The squadron being still on the
+ war establishment, the crews were discharged, and another
+ expedition was ordered to be equipped with all possible
+ dispatch. The Leander instantly offered her services, and she
+ soon had the satisfaction to hear, that they were graciously
+ accepted, and never was greater joy expressed throughout her
+ crew, than when her Captain (Chetham) announced the
+ determination of the Admiralty, that she was to complete to
+ the war complement; an extra lieutenant (Monk) was appointed,
+ a rendezvous for volunteers opened on the Point at
+ Portsmouth, and in ten days she was ready for sea, with 480
+ men on board.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The flag of Rear-Admiral Milne was hoisted, and the Leander
+ sailed for Plymouth, where she anchored in two days, and
+ joined part of the squadron intended for the same service:
+ the Queen Charlotte, bearing the flag of Lord Exmouth, soon
+ appeared, and on the 29th of July, the expedition sailed from
+ England with a fine easterly breeze.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The expedition arrived at Gibraltar in eleven days, when it
+ was joined by a Dutch squadron of five frigates and a
+ corvette, under the command of Vice-Admiral Von Capellan;
+ five gun-boats were fitted out and manned by the ships of the
+ line, and two transports were hired to attend with
+ ammunition, &amp;c. All lumber and bulkheads, were landed at
+ the dock-yard; the ships were completed with water, and in
+ all points ready for sea by the 13th of August. The
+ Rear-Admiral shifted his flag into the Impregnable, and on
+ the 14th the combined expedition sailed for Algiers. The
+ Leander was ordered to take a transport in tow, and keep on
+ the Admiral's weather-beam, and the Dutchmen kept to windward
+ of all. We were met by an easterly wind two days after
+ leaving Gibraltar, and on the third day we were joined by the
+ Prometheus, from Algiers, whither she had been dispatched to
+ bring away the British Consul; the Dey, however, was apprized
+ of the expedition and detained him, as well as two boats'
+ crews of the Prometheus, but the Consul's wife and daughter
+ escaped, and got safely on board.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page445" name="page445"></a>[pg
+ 445]</span> The foul wind prevented the squadron making much
+ way, but the time was employed to advantage in constant
+ exercise at the guns, and the men were brought as near to
+ perfection as they could be; in handling them each man knew
+ his own duty, as well as that of the captain of the gun,
+ fireman, boarder, powder-man, rammer, &amp;c. Each took his
+ turn to the several duties, and continued changing up to the
+ 27th.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The coast of Africa was seen on Monday, and as the day dawned
+ on Tuesday, the 27th, Algiers appeared about ten miles off.
+ The morning was beautifully fine, with a haze which foretold
+ the coming heat: as the morning advanced, the breeze failed
+ us, but at nine o'clock we had neared the town to within
+ about five miles; the long line of batteries were distinctly
+ seen, with the red flag flying in all directions, and the
+ masts of the shipping showed above the walls of the mole. The
+ Severn, with a flag of truce flying, was detached with the
+ terms of the Prince Regent, and this was a most anxious
+ period, for we were in the dark as to the feelings of the
+ Dey, whether the offered terms were such as he could
+ consistently accept, or that left him no alternative but
+ resistance. During this state of suspense, our people were,
+ as usual, exercised at the guns, the boats hoisted out, and
+ prepared for service by signal, and at noon we were ready for
+ action.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ship's company were piped to dinner, and at one o'clock
+ the captain and officers sat down to theirs in the gun-room,
+ the principal dish of which was a substantial sea pie; wine
+ was pledged in a bumper to a successful attack, and a general
+ expression of hope for an unsuccessful negotiation. At this
+ time, the officer of the watch reported to the captain, that
+ the admiral had made the general telegraph "Are you ready?"
+ Chetham immediately directed that our answer "ready" should
+ be shown, and at the same moment the like signal was flying
+ at the mastheads of the entire squadron. The mess now broke
+ up, each individual of it quietly making arrangements with
+ the other in the event of accident, and we had scarcely
+ reached the deck, when the signal "to bear up" was out, the
+ commander in-chief leading the way, with a fine, steady
+ breeze blowing on the land. We ran in on the admiral's
+ larboard-beam, keeping within two cables' length of him; the
+ long guns were loaded with round and grape, the carronades
+ with grape only; our sail was reduced to the topsails, and
+ topgallant sails, the main-sail furled, and the boats dropped
+ astern in tow. The ships were now steering to their appointed
+ stations, and the gun-boats showing their eagerness, by a
+ crowd of sail, to get alongside the batteries. As we drew
+ towards the shore, the Algerines were observed loading their
+ guns, and a vast number of spectators were assembled on the
+ beach, idly gazing at the approach of the squadron, seemingly
+ quite unconscious of what was about to happen. Far different
+ were appearances at the mouth of the mole as it opened; the
+ row-boats, fully manned, were lying on their oars, quite
+ prepared for the attack, and we fully expected they would
+ attempt to board, should an opportunity offer; each boat had
+ a flag hanging over the stern. A frigate was moored across
+ the mouth of the mole, and a small brig was at anchor outside
+ of her.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ At fifteen minutes before three P.M. the Queen Charlotte came
+ to an anchor by the stern, at the distance of sixty yards
+ from the beach, and, as was ascertained by measurement,
+ ninety yards from the muzzles of the guns of the mole
+ batteries, unmolested, and with all the quietude of a
+ friendly harbour; her flag flew at the main, and the colours
+ at the peak; her starboard broadside flanked the whole range
+ of batteries from the mole head to the lighthouse; her
+ topsail yards (as were those of the squadron,) remained
+ aloft, to be secure from fire, and the sails brought snugly
+ to the yards by head-lines previously fitted; the topgallant
+ sails and small sails only were furled, so that we had no man
+ unnecessarily exposed aloft.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Leander, following the motions of the admiral, was
+ brought up with two anchors by the stern, let go on his
+ larboard beam, veered away, until she obtained a position
+ nearly a-head of him, then let go an anchor under foot, open
+ by this to a battery on the starboard side at the bottom of
+ the mole, and to the Fish-market battery on the larboard
+ side. At this moment Lord Exmouth was seen waving his hat on
+ the poop to the idlers on the beach to get out of the way,
+ then a loud cheer was heard, and the whole of the Queen
+ Charlotte's tremendous broadside was thrown into the
+ batteries abreast of her; this measure was promptly taken, as
+ the smoke of a gun was observed to issue from some part of
+ the enemy's works, so that the sound of the British guns was
+ heard almost in the same instant with that to which the smoke
+ belonged. The cheers of the Queen Charlotte were loudly
+ echoed by those of the Leander, and the contents of her
+ starboard broadside as quickly followed, carrying destruction
+ into the groups of row-boats; as the smoke opened, the
+ fragments of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page446"
+ name="page446"></a>[pg 446]</span> boats were seen floating,
+ their crews swimming and scrambling, as many as escaped the
+ shot, to the shore; another broadside annihilated them. The
+ enemy was not slack in returning this warm salute, for almost
+ before the shot escaped from <i>our</i> guns, a man standing
+ on the forecastle bits, hauling on the topsail buntlines,
+ received a musket bullet in his left arm, which broke the
+ bone, and commenced the labours in the cockpit. The action
+ became general as soon as the ships had occupied their
+ positions, and we were engaged with the batteries on either
+ side; so close were we, that the enemy were distinctly seen
+ loading their guns above us. After a few broadsides, we
+ brought our starboard broadside to bear on the Fish-market,
+ and our larboard side then looked to seaward. The
+ rocket-boats were now throwing rockets over our ships into
+ the mole, the effects of which, were occasionally seen on the
+ shipping on our larboard bow. The Dutch flag was to be seen
+ flying at the fore of the Dutch Admiral, who, with his
+ squadron, were engaging the batteries to the eastward of the
+ mole. The fresh breeze which brought us in was gradually
+ driven away by the cannonade, and the smoke of our guns so
+ hung about us, that we were obliged to wait until it cleared;
+ for the men took deliberate and certain aims, training their
+ guns until they were fully satisfied of their precision. But
+ our enemies gave us no reason to suppose that they were idle;
+ so great was the havoc which they made amongst us, that the
+ surgeon in his report stated, that sixty-five men were
+ brought to him wounded after the first and second broadsides.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ About four o'clock, a boat, with an officer, came with orders
+ from the admiral to cease firing, as an attempt to destroy
+ the Algerine frigates was about to be made. Accordingly three
+ boats pushed into the mole, running the gantlet in gallant
+ style; they boarded the outermost frigate, which was found
+ deserted by her crew; and in a few minutes she was in a
+ blaze; in doing this the boats' crews suffered severely. The
+ smoke of our last broadside had scarcely left us, when the
+ Algerines renewed their fire of musketry upon our decks,
+ fortunately the men were lying down by the guns, and the
+ officers alone were marks for them, but one midshipman was
+ their only victim at this time. The masts began to suffer in
+ all parts, splinters were falling from them, and shreds of
+ canvass from the sails came down upon us in great quantities;
+ traces, bowlines, and other running gear, suffered equally;
+ the shrouds, fore and aft, got cut up so quickly, that the
+ rigging men attempted in vain to knot them, and were at last
+ forced to leave the rigging to its fate.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When the boats returned, we recommenced our fire with renewed
+ vigour; occasionally a flag-staff was knocked down, a fact
+ which was always announced with a cheer, each captain of a
+ gun believing himself to be the faithful marksman. The
+ Algerine squadron now began, as it were, to follow the
+ motions of the outer frigate; the rockets had taken effect,
+ and they all burned merrily together. A hot shot, about this
+ time, struck a powder-box, on which was sitting the
+ powder-boy, he, poor fellow, was blown up, and another near
+ him was dreadfully scorched.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Through the intervals of smoke, the sad devastation in the
+ enemy's works was made visible; the whole of the mole head,
+ near the Queen Charlotte, was a ruin, and the guns were
+ consequently silenced; but we were not so fortunate with the
+ Fish-market; the guns there still annoyed us, and ours seemed
+ to make no impression. A battery in the upper angle of the
+ town was also untouched, and we were so much under it, that
+ the shot actually came through our decks, without touching
+ the bulwarks, and we could not elevate our guns sufficiently
+ to check them.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As the sun was setting behind the town, the whole of the
+ shipping in the mole were in flames; their cables burned
+ through, left them at the mercy of every breeze: the
+ outermost frigate threatened the Queen Charlotte with a
+ similar fate, but a breeze sent her clear on towards the
+ Leander; a most intense heat came from her, and we expected
+ every moment to be in contact; the flames were burning with
+ great power at the mast heads, and the loose fire was flying
+ about in such a way that there seemed little chance of our
+ escaping, but we checked her progress towards us, by firing
+ into her, and in the act of hauling out, we were rejoiced to
+ see a welcome sea-breeze alter the direction of the flames
+ aloft, the same breeze soon reached her hull, and we had the
+ satisfaction in a few minutes to see her touch the shore to
+ which she belonged.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The guns were now so much heated by the incessant fire kept
+ up, that we were forced to reduce the cartridges nearly
+ one-half, as well as to wait their cooling before reloading;
+ the men, too, were so reduced at some guns, that they
+ required the assistance of the others to work them; the
+ aftermost gun on the gangway had only two men left untouched,
+ Between seven and eight o'clock, the fire of the
+ <span class="pagenum"><a id="page447" name="page447"></a>[pg
+ 447]</span> enemy's guns had sensibly diminished, and their
+ people were running in crowds from the demolished works to
+ the great gate of the city; they were distinctly seen in all
+ their movements by the light of their burning navy and
+ arsenal. The battery in the upper angle of the town, which,
+ was too high to fire upon, kept up a galling fire, and
+ another further to the eastward was still at work. To bring
+ our broadside to bear upon it, a hawser was run out to the
+ Severn, on our larboard bow, the ship was swung to the proper
+ bearing, and we soon checked them. At 45 minutes past nine,
+ the squadron began to haul out, some making sail, and taking
+ advantage of a light air off the land, while others were
+ towing and warping: the only sail which we had fit to set,
+ was the main-topmast staysail, and this was of too stout
+ canvass to feel the breeze; the boats of our own ship were
+ unable to move her, after a kedge anchor, which was run out
+ to the length of the stream-cable, had come home; thus we
+ were left, dependant either on a breeze or the assistance of
+ the squadron. An officer was sent to tell the admiral our
+ situation, but the boat was sunk from under the crew, who
+ were picked up by another; a second boat was more successful,
+ and the admiral ordered all the boats he could collect to our
+ assistance. At this time the Severn, near us, had caught the
+ breeze, and was moving steadily out; a hawser was made fast
+ to her mizen-chains secured to its bare end, which had just
+ sufficient length to reach the painter of the headmost boat,
+ towing; by this means the Leander's head was checked round,
+ and we had again the gratification to see her following the
+ others of the squadron. The small portion of our sails were
+ set to assist our progress; but without the help of the
+ Severn there we should have remained; our mizen-topmast fell
+ into the maintop, shot through. When the Algerines saw us
+ retiring they returned to the guns which they had previously
+ abandoned, and again commenced a fire on the boats, which
+ made the water literally in a foam; this fire was returned by
+ our quarter guns, but with very little effect. As we left the
+ land, the breeze increased; the Severn cast off her tow, and
+ our boats returned on board: at 25 minutes past eleven we
+ fired our last gun, and the cannonade was succeeded by a
+ storm of thunder and lightning. At midnight we anchored
+ within three miles of the scene of action; the report of a
+ gun on shore was still heard at intervals, but all was soon
+ quiet, except the shipping in the mole, which continued to
+ burn, keeping all around brilliantly illuminated. We now
+ attempted to furl sails, but the men were so thoroughly
+ stiffened by the short period of inaction since the firing
+ had ceased, that they stuck almost powerless to the yards;
+ after great exertion, the gaskets were somehow passed round
+ the yards, and the labours of the day ended; grog was served
+ out, and the hammocks piped down, but few had the inclination
+ to hang them up.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Soon after daylight we mustered at quarters, and found that
+ 16 officers and men were killed, and 120 wounded; the three
+ lower masts badly wounded, every spar wounded, except the
+ spanker-boom; the shrouds cut in all parts, leaving the masts
+ unsupported, which would have fallen had there been the least
+ motion; the running gear entirely cut to pieces; the boats
+ <i>all</i> shot through; the bulwarks riddled with grape and
+ musketry; 96 round-shot in the starboard side, some of them
+ between wind and water; the guns were all uninjured to any
+ extent, and remained, the only part of the Leander,
+ efficient.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ship's company were again at work, clearing decks,
+ unbending sails, and making every preparation to renew the
+ action; but at noon we had the satisfaction to hear that the
+ Dey had accepted the terms which were offered him the day
+ before; at the same time that this information was conveyed
+ to the squadron, a general order was issued to offer up
+ "public thanksgiving to Almighty God for the signal victory
+ obtained by the arms of England."&mdash;<i>United Service
+ Journal</i>.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <h2>
+ THE GATHERER.
+ </h2>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles."
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SHAKSPEARE.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ THE RANZ DES VACHES.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ The Kurieholen, or Ranz des Vaches, the celebrated national
+ air of the Swiss, does not consist in articulated sounds, nor
+ is it accompanied by words; but is a simple melody formed by
+ a kind of guttural intonation very closely resembling the
+ tones of a flute. Two of these voices at a short distance
+ produce the most pleasing effect, the echoes of the
+ surrounding rocks reverberating the music till it seems like
+ enchantment; but sometimes the illusion is dissipated by the
+ appearance of the singers, in the persons of two old women,
+ returning from their labour in a neighbouring valley.
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ INA.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ NAPOLEON.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ During a tour through France shortly before Bonaparte's
+ accession to the throne <span class="pagenum"><a id="page448"
+ name="page448"></a>[pg 448]</span> he received the addresses
+ of the Priests and Prefects, who vied with each other in the
+ grossness and impiety of their adulation. The Prefect of the
+ Pas de Calais seems to have borne away the palm from all his
+ brethren. On Napoleon's entrance into his department, he
+ addressed him in the following manner:&mdash;"Tranquil with
+ respect to our fate, we know that to ensure the happiness and
+ glory of France, to render to all people the freedom of
+ commerce and the seas, to humble the audacious destroyers of
+ the repose of the universe, and to fix, at length, peace upon
+ the earth, God created Bonaparte, and rested from his
+ labour!"
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ INA.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ APOSTLES.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ In the diplomatic language of Charles I.'s time, were
+ marginal notes, generally in the king's hand, written on the
+ margin of state papers. The word, in somewhat a similar
+ sense, had its origin in the canon law. There are many
+ instances of apostles by Charles I. in Archbishop Laud's
+ Diary
+ </p>
+ <h4>
+ JAMES SILVESTER.
+ </h4>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ When Voltaire was at Berlin, he wrote this epigram on his
+ patron and host the king of Prussia:&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "King, author, philosopher, hero, musician,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Freemason, economist, bard, politician,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ How had Europe rejoiced if a <i>Christian</i> he'd been,
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If a man, how he then had enraptured his queen."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ For this effort of wit, Voltaire was paid with thirty lashes
+ on his bare back, administered by the king's
+ sergeant-at-arms, and was compelled to sign the following
+ curious receipt for the same:&mdash;
+ </p>
+ <div class="poem">
+ <div class="stanza">
+ <p>
+ "Received from the righthand of Conrad
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Backoffner, thirty lashes on my bare
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ back, being in full for an epigram on
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Frederick the Third, King of Prussia."
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <p>
+ I say received by me, VOLTAIRE.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Vive le Roi</i>!
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ The church at Gondhurst, in Kent, is a fine old building, and
+ remarkable for several reasons; one of which is, that
+ thirty-nine different parishes may be distinctly seen from
+ it, and in clear weather the sea, off Hastings, a distance of
+ twenty-seven miles and a half.
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h3>
+ SPECULATION.
+ </h3>
+ <p>
+ Sir William Adams, afterwards Sir William Rawson, which name
+ he took in consequence of some property he succeeded to by
+ right of his wife, was one of the victims of the South
+ American mining mania. He plunged deeply into speculation,
+ and wrote pamphlets to prove that so much gold and silver
+ must ultimately find its way into Europe from Mexico, that
+ all the existing relations of value would be utterly
+ destroyed. He believed what he wrote, though he failed to
+ demonstrate what he believed. At one period he might have
+ withdrawn himself from all his speculations with at least a
+ hundred thousand pounds in his pocket; but he fancied he had
+ discovered the philosopher's stone&mdash;dreamed of wealth
+ beyond what he could count&mdash;went on&mdash;was
+ beggared&mdash;and you know how and where he died. Poor
+ fellow! He deserved a better fate. He was a kind-hearted
+ creature; and if he coveted a princely fortune, I am
+ satisfied he would have used it like a prince. But I am
+ forgetting my story. Well, then, it was after he had totally
+ relinquished his profession as an oculist, that he might
+ devote his entire time and attention to the Mexican mining
+ affairs, that a gentleman, ignorant of the circumstance,
+ called upon him one morning to consult him. Sir William
+ looked at him for a moment, and then exclaimed, in the words
+ of Macbeth, addressing Banquo's ghost, "Avaunt&mdash;there is
+ <i>no speculation</i> in those eyes!"
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ <i>Monthly Magazine.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <p>
+ THE SUPPLEMENT to Vol. xiii. containing <i>Title, Preface,
+ Index, &amp;c. with a fine Steel-plate</i> PORTRAIT <i>of the
+ late</i> SIR HUMPHRY DAVY, Bart. <i>and a copious Memoir of
+ his Life and Discoveries&mdash;will be published with the
+ next Number.</i>
+ </p>
+ <hr />
+ <h4>
+ <i>LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS.</i>
+ </h4>
+ <p>
+ CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the
+ Strand, near Somerset House.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly
+ 150 Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &amp;c. Price
+ 2s.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s.
+ boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s. 6d. boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD
+ DISPLAYED. Price 5s. boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. price 7s. boards.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+ </p>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <blockquote class="footnote">
+ <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:
+ <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+ <p>
+ The reader, who is interested in this subject, will find in
+ Mr. Richards's treatise a candid description of the ill
+ effects of drunkenness, explained with a view to admonish,
+ rather than to censure the sufferer.
+ </p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <blockquote class="footnote">
+ <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+ <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+ <p>
+ It commences from Henri de Ferrer, Lord of Tetbury, a
+ Norman who came over with William the Conqueror.
+ </p>
+ </blockquote>
+ <hr class="full" />
+ <p>
+ <i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near
+ Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New
+ Market, Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+ </p>
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11361 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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