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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction., by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction.
+       Volume XIII, No. 376, Saturday, June 20, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 28, 2004 [EBook #11350]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 376.] SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+
+
+[Illustration: Exeter 'Change, Strand.]
+
+
+Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over England for its
+menagerie and merchandize--wild beasts and cutlery--kangaroos and fleecy
+hosiery--elephants and minikin pins--a strange assemblage of nature and
+art--and savage and polished life.
+
+At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch of the
+"Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &c.; showing how the magnificent
+house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth deigned to visit her favourite
+treasurer--at length became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of shopkeepers,
+among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and good fortune of Mr. Clarke,
+the cutler, who amassed here a princely fortune. But the march of
+improvement having condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and the wild
+beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing to the King's Mews.
+
+Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic sketch for THE
+MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal of our wishes--to receive a
+long bill from the jolly yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of
+the upper story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip from
+the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at one period or other
+been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader, and two doors east of this world of
+wonders appeared the early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+
+Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for the meetings
+of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+_June_ 10, 1829.
+
+
+Sir,--With your permission, I will attempt to describe the magnificent
+scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G. Green, in his balloon, on
+Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I really want the power of language to
+depict its grandeur; for no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold
+the splendid scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+
+Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I ascended with him
+from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe, amidst the acclamations of the
+multitude, whose forms and voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men
+(with us) ceased in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of solemnity over
+the scene, which had the effect of enchantment. We never lost sight of the
+earth, for our voyage was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings
+were all in miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's, &c. apparently
+receded from our view, the country succeeded, resembling one continued
+garden. The fields of wheat, &c. were beautifully defined, and the
+clearness of the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the term)
+over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in view the whole of the
+time, which appeared like a rivulet of silver; but below Kingston Bridge,
+about half an hour after our ascent, the setting sun _gilded_ its surface
+with magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of cork.
+The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a twelfth cake cut
+into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of London could be distinctly seen,
+the light falling happily upon their proportions. Old and New London
+Bridges, were like two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw
+the triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great works of
+man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we observed a small, black
+streak ascending from the surface of the Thames, which we concluded to be
+the smoke from a Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the
+balloon was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was driven
+towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no motion in the car,
+and we could only know we were quietly moving, from seeing the grappling
+irons (which hung from the car) pass over the earth rapidly from field
+to field; whilst the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness prevailed, and I
+cannot describe its awful grandeur and my excitement. We then let loose a
+pigeon, and having a favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and
+Mr. Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I saw them
+run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of wheat, near Kingston,
+with scarcely any rebound; in fact a child might have alighted with safety.
+
+Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid voyage. On our
+alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper our safe arrival, which he
+tied to the neck of a pigeon, and sent him off.
+
+Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter, in
+consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of the atmosphere,
+which would, at a greater elevation, have dimmed the splendour of the
+scene beneath us.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+[We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous description of
+his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully aware of the difficulty of
+describing such a magnificent scene as he must have witnessed in his
+ascent. During the whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations
+of delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light wind, just
+sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any laborious management, and
+the time--evening--being beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly
+rewarded by the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with the huge
+machine they appeared little more than a speck. The varnish, or glare,
+which our Correspondent describes, was that charming effect which we are
+wont to admire here, on earth, in evening scenes, especially when they
+are lit up by the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise tells us
+that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving panorama, whilst the
+balloon seemed to be stationary; so that the scenic attempt at Covent
+Garden Theatre, a few years since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by
+moving scenery, was in accordance with the real effect, though, we think,
+the theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was made. In
+conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his splendid recreation, for
+such his ascent must have been.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PITY.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  What is pity?
+  'Tis virtue's essence,--'tis benevolence
+  Itself;--'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+  It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+  It is the first perfection of our nature;
+  It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+  Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+  And with it--he is little lower than angel.
+  The generous mite of penury is pity;
+  Nay, ev'n a look.--
+  Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+  That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+  Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+  Your memory to forget--
+  Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+  To help the penniless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE PENDRILS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Sir,--From a note which I have just seen at the foot of the interesting
+account of the escape of Charles the Second, in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the
+reader is led to conclude, that the pension granted to Richard Pendril,
+expired at his death. No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised,
+and died at Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn, four or five
+years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a public house at Lewes, a few
+years since, to which he added the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak."
+All these in succession enjoyed the pension of ---- marks, granted by
+Charles the Second, together with something of a sporting character called
+"free warren." The last Mr. John Pendril was lately living at or near
+Brighton.
+
+W.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Be good enough to insert the solution of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty in your
+last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and thereby oblige a constant
+
+SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+
+The solution, or attempt at solution, of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty as to what
+Goldsmith means in his poem "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical
+eulogium on Edmund Burke, thus:--
+
+  "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+  To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+
+
+By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged in the
+ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not engaged in those
+legitimate avocations which have for their object the procuring the means
+of subsistence for the masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of
+extensive meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+
+Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to be given to
+the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is eating cold mutton in
+its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but if the more general meaning is
+insisted upon, I cannot see how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws
+which form a most material part of himself--are set in full motion by the
+operation of eating--hence full employment is given them--and as much to
+the "he" who is the owner of such jaws.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+
+(_Continued from page 338_.)
+
+
+91. _Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant of the County of
+Fife._--D. Wilkie.--A noble portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+
+92. _Night_.--H. Howard--An exquisite scene from Milton:--
+
+  "------------now glowed the firmament
+  With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+  The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+  Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+  Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+  And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+
+102. _Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond_.--Sir T. Lawrence.
+
+110. _Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the Pilgrims'
+Feet_.--D. Wilkie.--This ceremony takes place during the holy week, in
+the Convent of Santa Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+devotional character into this picture which is highly characteristic of
+Catholic solemnity.
+
+127. _Portrait of Jeremy Bentham_--H.W. Pickersgill.--An admirable
+likeness of the veteran-patriot and political economist.
+
+128. _The Defence of Saragossa_.--D. Wilkie.--The subject is so well
+explained in the Catalogue, that we quote it:--
+
+"The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in front of the
+convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband being slain, she found her
+way to the station he had occupied, stept over his body, took his place
+at the gun, and declared she would herself avenge his death.
+
+"The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don Joseph Palafox,
+who commanded the garrison during the memorable siege, but who is here
+represented in the habit of a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend
+Father Consolacion, an Augustin Friar, who served with great ability as
+an engineer, and who, with the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what
+object the cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox, celebrated for
+his share in the defence, and for his cruel fate when he fell into the
+hands of the enemy. He is writing a despatch to be sent by a carrier
+pigeon, to inform their distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the
+place."
+
+In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent portraits, all by
+different artists.
+
+149. _The Soldier's Wife_--W.F. Witherington.--This picture is from an
+anecdote of the late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one
+day from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from his house.
+On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A beggar, some soldier's
+wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned his Royal Highness; "give her
+immediate relief: what is your mistress but a soldier's wife?"--An
+interesting picture, although we do not think the likeness of the
+benevolent Duke is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred
+a few years previous to his decease.
+
+157. _Lord Byron's Dream_.--C.L. Eastlake.--A rich oriental landscape,
+and a most delightful scene of desert stillness.
+
+172. _Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq._--Sir T. Lawrence--We hope the
+president's portrait will please the laureate, for he has been rather
+tenacious about his "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room, but is too
+energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+
+181. _Queen Margaret of Anjou_, being defeated at the battle of Hexham,
+flies with the young prince into a forest, where she meets with robbers,
+to whose protection she confides her son.--H. P. Briggs.--This subject is
+by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the whole is
+very effective.
+
+214. _Othello and Desdemona_.--R. Evans.--Why is Othello in armour? Let
+Mr. Planche, in his _Costumes_, look to this.
+
+216. _Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as
+Juliet_.--H. E. Dawe.--This picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and
+is by no means a good likeness of the interesting original.
+
+224. _Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the female pilgrim's
+feet_.--D. Wilkie--An affecting picture of a truly devotional incident.
+
+246. _Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the Inn_.--G. S. Newton.--This
+picture is considered to be Mr. Newton's _chef d'oeuvre_. The landlord is
+entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in a lady, more
+beautiful than young, and very richly dressed; she is supported by an old
+squire, and a little Moorish page carries her train. The lankiness of
+Camilla is somewhat objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated.
+The sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+
+293. _The Confessional--Pilgrims confessing in the Basilica of
+St. Peter's_.--D. Wilkie.--An interesting picture, though not equal to
+others by the same artist, in the present exhibition.
+
+322. _Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the Thames--morning after a stormy
+night_--J. Constable--The picturesque beauty of this scene is spoiled by
+the spotty "manner of the artist."
+
+352. _Coronation of the Remains of Ines de Castro_.--G. St. Evie.--An
+attractive picture of one of the most extraordinary scenes in history.
+The remains of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal. This is an
+illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines which we quoted in a recent
+number of the MIRROR.
+
+455. _Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen_.--Sir T. Lawrence.--A Reubens-like
+portrait of a benevolent lady, and which we take to be an excellent
+likeness.
+
+592. _Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse Coroner, with
+the Worcestershire fox hounds_.--T. Woodward.--We can relate a curious
+circumstance connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject--we turned to the number
+in the Catalogue, and gave him the desired information. "Ah," said he,
+"I was sure it was _Parker_, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We should think
+the resemblance must be very striking.
+
+The _Antique Academy_ is almost covered with portraits, and the miniatures
+hang in cluster-like abundance--so that what with bright eyes and
+luxuriant tresses, this is not the least attractive of the rooms.
+
+In the _Library_ are several fine architectural drawings; among which is
+a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J. Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all
+the magnificent additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western part of
+London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are likewise here.
+
+In the _Model Academy_, Messrs. Chantrey and Westmacott have some fine
+groups, and Behnes three fine busts--the Duke of Cumberland, Princess
+Victoria, and Lady Eliz. Gower.
+
+It would be easy to extend this notice through the present and next
+number, but as other matters press, and as all the town go to Somerset
+House, we hope this notice will be sufficient; for it is not in our
+power to enumerate half the fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we
+rejoice at this flourishing prospect of British art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+
+
+In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this picture had
+been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and appropriated to the Artists' Fund,
+which a correspondent, and "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the
+fact. He assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the society, at whose
+expense it was engraved; the sale of the prints producing 1,000_l_. to the
+Fund. Mr. Mulready has the merit of painting the picture and procuring the
+loan of it; but our version of the affair would make it appear otherwise.
+We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it was stated, as from the
+Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner, that Mr. Mulready had relinquished
+his copyright to the picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus
+produced 1,000_l_.; but we thank our correspondent for his correction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *
+      *       *
+
+FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+
+
+This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most splendidly
+imaginative books we have met with for a long time. It is attributed to
+the author of the "First and Last" sketches in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+some of which have already been transferred to our pages. No further
+recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some idea of the
+vivid style in which the work is written, we detach two episodal extracts.
+
+
+THE IDIOT GIRL.
+
+
+When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him with a
+strangely mysterious look and manner.
+
+"Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of persuasion,
+go; though I have been two good hours trying my skill to that end."
+
+"Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+
+"That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked at the
+door--it might be something after eleven, perhaps near upon twelve--and
+when I opened it, she whips into the hall without saying a word, walks
+into every room in the house--I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+till he sees him beyond the parish bounds--and at last takes possession of
+your low chair, and, without so much as 'by your leave,' begins to wring
+her hands, and cry 'Lord! Lord!'--What do you want, good woman?" said I.
+But I might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord! Lord!'
+was all her moan."
+
+Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor Madge--her face
+buried in her hands, rocking to and fro, weeping most piteously, and as
+Francis had described, ever and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone
+of such utter wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+
+He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice, looked at him,
+and then mournfully exclaimed, while she pointed to the ground--"They have
+buried her!"
+
+"Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing voice; "your
+hardest trial is past."
+
+"What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words of Peverell;
+"I only asked him to keep the grave open till to-morrow, and he denied me!
+Only till to-morrow--for then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both.
+But he denied me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that blessedness of
+sorrow which lies in the thought of soon sleeping with those we have loved
+and lost! It was very wrong in me, I know, to wish to call down such
+affliction on him--but he denied me--and I had to hear the rattling dust
+fall upon her coffin--ay, and to see that dark, deep grave filled up; as
+if a mother might not have her own child!"
+
+"Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half whisper to
+himself.
+
+"Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I have walked
+with grief, for my companion in this world, through many a sad and weary
+hour. But I shook hands with her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian.
+I buried all my troubles there. What is the hour?"
+
+"Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+
+"Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried manner, and
+smiling at Peverell, with a look of much importance, as if what she had
+to do were some profound secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?"
+she continued, taking his hand--"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+"One, two; one, two; one, two--and so it goes on; it cannot beat beyond
+two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it breaks!"
+
+She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at the sound of
+Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and (with a view rather to draw
+her gently from her own thoughts, than from any desire that she should
+leave his house,) he asked her "if she would go home?"
+
+"Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and I'll go. It is
+near the time I promised Marian, when last I kissed her wintry cheek, as
+she lay shrouded in her coffin; and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a
+troubled and worthless world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun,
+and the moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was upon it,
+were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to look my last at them!
+But now, I behold nothing it contains, save my Marian's grave! You will
+see _me_ laid in it, for pity's sake--won't you?"
+
+"Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and thinking of my
+own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell for thee, now sleeps in his
+cradle, I'll warrant."
+
+She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again placed it on
+her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a moment across her pale
+wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes kindled into a fleeting expressing of
+frightful gladness, as she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel? One!--one!--one!
+--and hardly that--I breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to
+her throat. "Feel!--feel!--one!--one!--another!--how I gasp--see!--see--"
+
+She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's relaxed its
+hold--her head dropped--one long-drawn sigh was heaved--and poor Madge
+resigned a being touched with sympathies and feelings not often found
+in natures of nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal man to pass
+through, ere he puts on immortality, there be one, the rarest of them
+all, for broken hearts, this hapless creature found it. A self accusing
+spirit bowed her to the earth, with the sharpest of all griefs--a
+mother's anguish for an only child--lost to her, as gamesters lose
+fortunes--thrown away by her own hand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+
+
+"_I have lived three hundred years!_ In that time--in all that time, I
+have never seen the glorious sun descend, but followed still its rolling
+course through the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the sultry skies of
+the blazing east: the swift winds have been my viewless chariot, and on
+their careering wings I have been hurried from clime to clime. But, nor
+light, nor air, nor heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my
+species; for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual torment.
+I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy north; I panted with
+agony, in the scorching fervour of the blazing east; and when mine eyes
+have ached, with vain efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's
+centre, they have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+delight.
+
+"All the currents of human affection--all that makes the past delightful,
+the present lovely, and the future coveted, were dried up within me. My
+heart was like the sands of the desert, parched and barren. No living
+stream of hope, of gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human
+sympathies. It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a blighted tree, that
+perishes not at the root, but is withered in all its branches. Tears, I
+had none. One gracious drop, falling from my seared orbs, would have been
+the blessed channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved from my
+bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it to anguish. Sleep
+never came. I was denied the common luxury of the common wretched, to lose,
+in its sweet oblivion, its brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was.
+Death, natural death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+except myself--the persecuted, the weary, and the heavily laden of man's
+race--could find a grave! I, alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that
+it had no resting place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable
+creature is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the YENARKON--the Giver of
+Life--the elixir of the Sibyl--but that would have been to subject myself
+to a power of darkness, in whose fell wrath I should have suffered the
+casting away of mine eternal soul!
+
+"Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark waves, our
+little span of present, in the huge ocean of a perpetual past, and
+devouring, as the food of both, our swift decaying future. But I floated
+on its surface, and beheld whole generations flourish and fade away, while
+age and silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that ends
+them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I remained, and might have
+remained, for ages yet to come, the fixed and unaltered image of what I
+was, when in Mauritania I encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned
+magician of the den, but for that--woman's faith, and man's
+fidelity--which have made me what I AM!
+
+"This _was_ my destiny. Now mark, how I became enthralled to it; and how
+it befell, that at last I shook it off, and found redemption.
+
+"In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed within my
+veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the Holy Land, upon the
+strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It was for no sin committed in my
+days of youth, but for the satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the
+growing spirit of a long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in
+Apulia; I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to dedicate
+myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My purpose was blessed,
+by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I might approve myself a worthy
+soldier of Christ; and it was sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+
+"Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the feelings with
+which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of the surrounding hills, I
+approached the once glorious, and still sacred, city of Jerusalem--that
+chosen seat of the Godhead--that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the foot of the
+infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was imperishable, and my wrapt
+imagination pictured what was destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and
+Gehinnon, Mount Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me.
+The palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and of
+gold--the gorgeous Temple of Solomon--the lofty towers of Phaseolus and
+Mariamne--the palace of the Maccabees--the Hippodrome--the houses of many
+of the prophets--grew into existence again, beneath the creative force of
+fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and kissed the consecrated earth which
+once a Saviour trod."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+
+
+  What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+  Like bullet from the arbalast,
+  Was it the hunted quarry past
+    Right up Ben-ledi's side?--
+  So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+  Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+    Into the torrent's tide.
+  Ay!--The good hound may bay beneath,
+    The hunter wind his horn;
+  He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+    As a warrior in his scorn!
+  Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+    Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+  St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+    He dies no death to-day!
+
+  'Forward!'--Nay, waste not idle breath,
+  Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+  His antlers dance above the heath,
+    Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+  Right onward for the western peak,
+  Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+  See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+  To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+    Guarding his ancient realm.
+  So motionless, so noiseless there,
+  His foot on rock, his head in air,
+    Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+  Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+  Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+  Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+    And seeks the covert loan."
+
+
+"THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+
+
+  By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+    We slept in our green retreats,
+  And the April showers were wont to fill
+    Our hearts with sweets;
+  And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+    Yet all things loved us well,
+  And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+    With us to dwell.
+  But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+    The wealth of our virgin store,
+  And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+    Their sweets no more!
+  And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+    Where we dwell--and its suns and showers
+  Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not--
+    Oh! not to _ours_!
+  We live--we bloom--but for ever o'er
+    Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+  To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+    Or bid us die!"
+
+
+"THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+
+
+  Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+    The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+  'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+    There is blood on that fountain--oh! whose may it be?'
+  Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+    Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+  The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+    In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+  Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+    The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+  The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+    Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+  She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+    To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+  There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+    But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+  Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+    The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+  One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+    'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+  Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+    Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+  By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+    Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+  She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+    Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+  Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+    But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+  Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+    The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+  These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+    Lovely--the lovely are mourning for them."
+
+_The Casket._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to intellectual
+refinement, this monotony appears to increase. We have always been
+favourable to Book Clubs in country towns, and about ten years since,
+established one in the anti-social town of ----. The plan worked well; its
+economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over England, but we
+heard little of its contributing to the social enjoyments of the people.
+Twenty families reading the same books, and these passed from house to
+house, among the respectability of the town, might have brought about
+a kind of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange of
+civilities, meetings of the members at each others' houses, or at least
+a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The case was otherwise. The attorney
+and the doctor joined our society that their families of ten or twelve
+sons and daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+circulating library; but they soon became jealous of _new books_, although
+they often returned them uncut and unread; and so far from knitting the
+bonds of acquaintance, we at last thought our plan served to estrange the
+members, by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities for
+venting their splenetic pride; the books were like _disjunctive
+conjunctions_, and when we left the place, the "society" did not promise
+to live another year.
+
+We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a few of the
+members of this disjointed body; but we must be content with one, and that
+shall be the _bookseller_ of the town.
+
+Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity, and just
+turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead, sunken eyes, an
+aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a chin which buried its
+projections in ample and unclassical folds of neckerchief. He was bald,
+except a tuft on the _occiput_, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having been dead
+about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the amiability of whose
+dispositions was a painful contrast to the uneven temper of their father.
+He kept a good table, and had the best cellar of grape wine in the town,
+but entertained little company. His guests were usually the valets or
+butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the housekeepers were
+never invited by his daughters, a point of propriety in male and female
+acquaintanceship which amused us not a little. His business was of a most
+multifarious description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a self-taught
+printer, He was post-master and stamp sub-distributor, receiver of bail,
+and agent for insurances--little official appointments which would have
+made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he seldom meddled with
+these matters of business; but tired of their common track, he struck out
+a course of life, which was neither public nor private, but made him a
+sort of oracle in the town, whose opinions were freely printed and
+gratuitously circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a benevolent society
+established by the gentry, and such was his enthusiasm that he gave his
+services and L200. worth of printing during the first year; and the
+Committee in return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep locked up, and
+never to display even to his visiters. This proved him to be a benevolent
+man, and he would have been ten times more useful had not his charitable
+disposition been over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with
+the poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his religious
+observances would not qualify him for churchwarden; for he only went
+to church at funerals, to which he was frequently invited, his staid
+appearance, and a certain air of gentility of which he was master, being
+in such cases no mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously, although the
+poor and even the better portion of the towns-people never gave him full
+credit for this generosity, conceiving that he was repaid by some secret
+services or funds. The oddity of his pursuits was only exceeded by their
+variety. In politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to every one of his
+household. He took extreme interest in all new mechanical projects, but
+seldom indulged in the practical part of them. In wine-making he was once
+a very experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and unripe
+fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden, analyzed the soil
+_a la_ Davy, and _salted_ all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led
+him to take long walks in the country, and he soon flew from horticultural
+chemistry to real farming; and about the same time took to road making and
+macadamization, and became a surveyor of the highways. But the trustees
+wanting to macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew up a long
+memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating with them on their
+impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is curious, however, to reflect
+that what the people of a country town about ten years ago thought a curse
+to their roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was that he had
+bought the lease of a house for the sake of the large garden attached to
+it, and here, like Evelyn in his _Elysium Britannicum_, he passes his days
+in the primitive occupation of gardening.
+
+Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets on the
+charitable institution to which we have alluded, are many of the errors
+of style peculiar to self-educated writers. Among his acquaintance we
+remember an attorney who practised in London, but had a small house in
+the town. He had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the news off
+'Change and about town. This friend and the journals were his oracles, and
+their influence he digested in morsels of political economy, so introduced
+into his pamphlets as not to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood.
+To them, it should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any project for
+the interest of the town. The trades-people looked up to him; they would
+agree if Mr. ---- did, or they would wait his opinion.
+
+We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and more than once
+he has told little stories of dances and harvest homes, and merry meetings
+at the wealthy farmers' in the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home,
+and of his companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+evening party--all of which throw into shade the social amusements of our
+artificial times. We have said that he kept a good table; for presents of
+game poured in from the gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish
+from town to be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our bookseller.
+Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White Hart barouche, for a
+party of pleasure, when his neighbours would have been happy with a gig.
+He did not join, or allow his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's
+ball, but they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune people
+cried ---- trade, and thus our bookseller belonged to neither class. The
+people of the place know not whether he is rich; he has been "making money"
+all his life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however, to be
+regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they determine to a
+pound the income of every gentleman and lady in the neighbourhood, and,
+doff their hats according to the total.
+
+To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous; hospitable but
+not unostentatious; dictatorial and circumlocutory to excess in his
+conversation, and of an inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his
+resources, he is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of the present
+day.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EMIGRATION.
+
+
+A pamphlet of _Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in America to their
+Friends in England_, has lately reached our hands. These letters have been
+addressed by emigrants to their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex,
+and have been printed _literatim_. We are aware of the strong prejudice
+which exists against the practice of parishes sending off annually, a part
+of their surplus population to America; but some of the statements in
+these letters will stagger the _Noes_. We quote a few from letters written
+during the past year:
+
+
+_Brooklyn, Jan._ 14, 1828.
+
+John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives him 5_s_.
+a day, our money, which is little more than 2_s_. 6_d_, English money.
+They tell us that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour for 11_d_.
+English money; good beef for 2_d_. or 3_d_ do, and mutton the same
+price; pork about 4_d_.; sugar, very good, 5_d_.; butter and cheese is
+not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear, especially
+woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+
+
+_New Hereford, June_ 30, 1828.
+
+Dear Father and Mother,
+
+I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long journey. But
+I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the misfortune to lose both our
+little boys; Edward died 29th April, and William 5th May; the younger died
+with bowel complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we mourned
+their loss; night and day they were not out of our minds. We had a
+minister on board, who prayed with us twice a day; he was a great comfort
+to us, on the account of losing our poor little children. He said, The
+Lord gave, and taketh away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should
+make ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here with us:
+we kept our children 24 hours. There were six children and one woman died
+in the vessel. Master Bran lost his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost
+her two only children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father is living with
+us; and our three brothers are living within a mile of us. Brother James
+was very ill coming over, with the same complaint that William had. We
+were very sick for three weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and
+so was father. We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline are often
+speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's children were all well,
+except little John; he was bad with a great cold. I have got a house and
+employ. I have 4_s_. a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to
+have 6_s_. or 7_s_. a day and my board. We get wheat for 7_s_. per bushel,
+of our money; that is about 3_s_. 7_d_. of your money; meat is about 3_d_.
+per pound; butter from 5_d_. to 6_d_.; sugar about the same as in England;
+shoes and clothes about the same as it is with you; tea is from 2_s_. 6_d_.
+3_s_. 6_d_. of your money; tobacco is about 9_d_. per pound, of your money;
+good whisky about 1_s_. 1_d_. per gallon; that is 2_s_. of your money.
+
+
+_Hudson State, New York, July_ 6, 1828.
+
+I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we landed in to
+Hudson; such friends as we never found in England; but it was chiefly from
+that people that love and fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that
+we could not eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven stone of beef.
+One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon load of wood, and two chucks
+of bacon; some sent flour, some bread, some cheese, some soap, some
+candles, some chairs, some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3_s_. worth
+of tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as yours;
+provision is not very cheap; flour is 1_s_. 7_d_. a gallon of this money,
+about 10_d_. of yours; butter is 1_s_., your money 6_d_.; meat from 2_d_.
+to 6_d_., yours 1_d_. to 3_d_.; sugar 10_d_. to 1_s_. yours 5_d_. and 6_d_.
+Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten pound of tobacco; for it
+is 1_s_. a pound; I chaws rarely.
+
+
+_Constantia, Dec._ 2, 1828.
+
+Dear Children,
+
+I now write for the third time since I left old England. I wrote a letter,
+dated October 8th; and finding that it would have four weeks to lay, I was
+afraid you would not have it; and as I told you I would write the truth,
+if I was forced to beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed.
+Dear children, I write to let you know that we are all in good health,
+excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed of another son, and
+she is as well as can be expected. And now as it respects what I have got
+in America: I have got 12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the
+rest in the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good land
+for 18_s_. per acre; but buying of land is not one quarter part, for the
+land is as full of trees as your woods are of stubs; and they are from
+four to ten rods long, and from one to five feet through them. You may buy
+land here from 18_s_. to 9_l_. in English money; and it will bring from 20
+to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from 20 to 50 bushels per acre,
+and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You may buy beef for 1-3/4_d_. per pound; and
+mutton the same; Irish butter 7_d_. per pound; cheese 3_d_.; tea 4_s_.
+6_d_.; sugar 7_d_. per pound; candles 7_d_.; soap 7_d_.; and wheat 4_s_.
+6_d_. per bushel; corn and rye 2_s_. per bushel. And I get 2_s_. 4_d_. a
+day and my board; and have as much meat to eat, three times a day, as I
+like to eat. But clothing is dear; shoes 8_s_.; half boots 16_s_.; calico
+from 8_d_. to 1_s_. 4_d_.; stockings 2_s_. 9_d_. to 3_s_. 6_d_.; flannel
+4_s_. per yard; superfine cloth from 4_s_. 6_d_. to 1_l_.; now all this is
+counted in English money. We get 4_s_. per day in summer, and our board;
+and if you count the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+8_s_. in our money is 4_s_. 6_d_. in your money.
+
+The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and honey" of these
+letters, but they bear the stamp of authenticity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KENILWORTH.
+
+
+Every body knows the delightful romance of Kenilworth,--a tragedy, of
+which the dramatis personae are the parties themselves, called up from
+their graves by the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's
+Church, Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the dust
+and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies supply the place
+of the whole historical picture, then imagined in the mind's eye? More
+than once attracted by the old ballad,[1] we have, when undergraduates,
+walked to the "lonely towers of Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her
+struggle, and heard her screams, when she was thrown over the staircase
+(the traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any man
+could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty girl. Even now,
+in sorrow and in sadness, we read this account:--
+
+The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself in the
+Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord Robert Dudley, Queen
+Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's death Earl of Leicester, was
+daughter of Sir John Robsart. Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the
+day following that on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus recorded by King
+Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley, third sonne to th' erle of
+warwic, married S. John Robsartes daughter; after wich mariage ther were
+certain gentlemen that did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade
+wich was hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession of
+Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal alliance had opened
+upon him, his countess mysteriously died at the retired mansion of Cumnor
+near Abingdon,[2] Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as a blind,)
+there appears far greater foundation for supposing the earl guilty of her
+murder, than usually belongs to such rumours, all her other attendants
+being absent at Abingdon fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been weaved into the
+delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+
+Of the goose and posts, _we_ can suggest no better explanation than that
+the goose was intended for poor Amy, and the cross posts for the Protector
+Somerset, and his rival Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were
+bred to the devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the people had a
+very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting to this, that he was a
+great rascal, who played a deep game, and stuck at nothing which he could
+do without danger to himself.[3]--_Gentleman's Magazine_.
+
+
+    [ 1] We believe, in Evans's collection.
+
+    [ 2] It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+
+    [ 3] His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said, that
+        he so perished himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MEXICAN MINES.
+
+
+It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous to the
+revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were exported, and that
+there was an accumulation of about two millions. Since the revolution,
+the exports have averaged 13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has
+decreased to eleven millions. This change was the natural consequence of
+the revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a spirit of
+speculation that was wholly regardless of passing events; and the Act of
+Congress, facilitating the co-operation of foreigners with the natives,
+produced a mania which has been destructive to numberless individuals,
+who trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a capital
+of at least three millions, were established, and these were followed by
+two American, and one German, companies. Such was the rage for mining on
+the Royal Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to establish a
+company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to know the difference
+between a shaft and a level, commenced speculators, not for the purpose
+of fairly earning a reward for doing some service to those to whom they
+offered their mines, but to fill their own purses without reference to
+consequences. Such a system of unprincipled conduct could not last;
+almost all the minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though the want
+of returns for the immense sums invested has tended to produce a general
+want of confidence.
+
+Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and fruitless
+expenditure has been incurred by sending out machinery, which could be
+of no earthly use--by despising the native processes, and substituting
+others that have been found wholly inapplicable--and by introducing
+British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good qualities for
+which they are valuable at home. A reform in this system we believe to
+have been generally adopted, and we are sure that a reduction of
+expense, a management purely European, and native labour, with only such
+modifications in working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will
+prove to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the capital
+already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But these things can
+only take place provided the public tranquillity be maintained, and the
+government keep their engagements with foreigners inviolate. The
+insecurity arising from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine
+country, must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+resources.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French tongue, the
+following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing example:--
+
+  Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base--so broken--
+  By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+  Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+  To laugh at truth--and scepticize in wit;
+  What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+  Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear--
+  Yet helped by apes' grimaces--and the devil,
+  Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COALS.
+
+
+One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said, in the
+title-page, to be
+
+          Printed in the year
+  That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+
+
+The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners had suffered
+during the stoppage of their supply from Newcastle, made "the committees
+of both kingdoms conclude and agree among themselves, that some of the
+most notorious delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town
+of Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any shares or
+parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might find a difficulty in
+_driving on the trade_, they did not conceive it for their service to
+put out all the said malignants at once, but were rather constrained,
+for the present, to make use of those delinquents in working their own
+collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn and _wealthy_,
+therefore, were selected for example; and the others had this favour
+shown them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+
+
+The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our modern female
+poets, in which we excel all the world:--
+
+It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth century, and
+also during the whole course of our revolution, there appeared in England
+a whole school, as it were, of female authors, whose pure and graceful
+productions are disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that
+sombre character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated is Lady
+Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has left poems, but more
+especially letters, highly remarkable for their talent and philosophy. It
+is impossible to give here the names of the authoresses who appeared all
+on a sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One of the
+earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E. Montagu, the author
+of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs. Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote
+numerous poems and admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in
+the Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of the
+Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has also written
+several works of _religious fiction_, and above all, some charming poems;
+Florio (1786,) and the Blue Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking
+is a burlesque name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+attempted to start a sort of _bureau d'esprit_ under the direction of
+Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent enough, but which excited
+the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_, who
+fulminated against it several satires in excessively bad taste, and
+written in a tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct. Amongst the
+English ladies who have written romance, Miss Edgeworth, Mrs. Inchbald,
+and Lady Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+having written works of great importance, have still produced poetical
+pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but justice to distinguish
+Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to finish this hasty catalogue, we may
+remark that there have appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of
+a high order of literary, poetical, and at the same time, philosophical
+talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to mix up history and romance
+in her writings, with great ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed
+their fame on monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin, Benger, and
+Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the celebrated Dr. Baillie,
+the physician, is a woman of the highest talent. It is not your pretty
+nothings, your elegant trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary,
+she has attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written in the most
+elevated and _Shakspearian_ tone, will always be regarded as the work of a
+superior mind. John Kemble, in the part of _Montfort_, reached the sublime
+of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a combination of the
+solemn and the poetical, which is rarely observed in women. Miss Aikin has
+written some charming poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with
+in the writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The _Mouse's Petition_,
+by Miss Aikin, is a _chef-d'oeuvre_. Miss Benger has published some
+historical works of great interest, which place her in the same line with
+Miss Aikin. Lastly, there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half
+English, half French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+verse, besides several political and historical works. This superior woman,
+at the same time that she gave birth, under the influence of sensibility
+and fancy, to works of inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of
+the French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself, in 1792,
+from pure enthusiasm for liberty.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMERICAN LAW.
+
+
+"No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the West, "has
+taken any notice of _Linch's Law_, which was once the _lex loci_ of
+the frontiers. Its operation was as follows:--When a horse thief, a
+counterfeiter, or any other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood,
+evading justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of his
+confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a "_regulating company_,"
+a kind of holy brotherhood, whose duty was to purge the community of its
+unruly members. Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded
+to arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects of
+exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried on in the night.
+Squire Birch, who was personated by one of the party, established his
+tribunal under a tree in the woods, and the culprit was brought before him,
+tried, and generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed without
+mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a given time, under pain of
+a second visitation. It seldom happened that more than one or two were
+thus punished; their confederates took the hint and fled, or were
+admonished to quit the neighbourhood."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+
+
+The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a chapel,
+adjoining _Stene_, a fine family seat in the north:--The sculptor, in that
+vile taste which seems to have originated in an unhappy design of making
+every thing connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning alabaster skull;"
+and the bishop one day expressed a wish to his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey,
+that it had not been placed there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for
+the sculptor, and consulted with him whether it was not possible to
+convert it into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into which he could
+possibly convert it was--a bunch of grapes! and accordingly, at this day,
+a bunch of grapes may be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for
+a time had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their nests
+among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now united to the rectory
+of Hinton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an example--however
+good it may be both for themselves and others, most men have a silly
+squeamishness about proposing an adjournment from the dinner table. The
+host, fearing that his guest may take it for a token that he loves his
+wine better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness to
+leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says--"In good truth, 'tis impossible,
+nay, I say it is impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table;
+the president is always the wisest man in the party."
+
+  "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+  Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+  Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+  But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+
+MAT. PRIOR.
+
+Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given to them for
+that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay circle of conviviality, and
+are individually shy of asking for what almost every one
+wishes.--_Kitchiner_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch language can
+hardly be considered as positively fixed. A witty writer and one who has
+_biographized_ the Dutch poets with some severity, but much talent, says--
+
+  Spell--"Wereld "--so sets up Siegenbeek, and then
+  Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+  He will have "Wareld"--'Tis a pretty quarrel
+  Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+  Not I!--I like them both--and so I'll say
+  "Waereld"--and each shall have his own dear way.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE MEXICAN NAVY
+
+
+Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the Castle of
+San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some gun-boats, a couple of
+sloops of war, and two or three armed schooners. This number has since
+received the addition of a line of battle ship, two frigates, and some
+other vessels of war. Some English and American officers were engaged,
+but we believe that all the former have left the service, and that very
+few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of vain-glorious memory,
+(who once wrote a book of Voyages,) was, and may be still, the marine
+commandant, and distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba,
+and by being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by the
+gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot maintain one;
+the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a very few revenue cutters
+the better. The nature of the country and the destructive climate of
+the coast, diminish greatly the necessity for keeping up a military
+establishment for _external_ defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+more is to be dreaded from internal dissensions.--_Foreign Quarterly
+Review_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an attack from
+"staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as _bons vivants_, whose
+favourite song is ever "_Fly not yet_," will engage some sober friends
+to fight on his side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine,"
+and bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as much care
+as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously providing quite as
+large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as he has of acid (wine men.)
+To adjust the balance of power at the court of Bacchus, occasionally
+requires as much address as sagacious politicians say is sometimes
+requisite to direct the affairs of other courts.
+
+To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective ejectment to
+the dinner table, let it be announced as a special invitation from the
+lady of the house. It may be, for example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the
+pleasure of your company to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible
+mandamus.
+
+  "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+    And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+  Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+    When softer devotions our senses invite."
+
+CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+
+_Dr. Kitchiner._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING TEA.
+
+
+It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in silver, or
+polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that which is produced in black,
+or other kinds of earthenware pots. This is explained on the principle,
+that polished surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the former case,
+must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+
+It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when filled a second
+time, produces worse tea than the earthenware vessel; and that it is
+advisable to use the earthenware pot, unless a silver or metal one can be
+procured sufficiently large to contain at once all that may be required.
+These facts are readily explained by considering, that the action of heat
+retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the herb as to leave very
+little soluble substance for a second infusion; whereas the reduced
+temperature of the water in the earthenware pot, by extracting only a
+small proportion at first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of
+a subsequent infusion.
+
+The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before the infusion
+of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being previously warm, may
+abstract less heat from the mixture, and thus admit a more powerful action.
+Neither is it difficult to explain the fact why the infusion of tea is
+stronger if only a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more
+be added some time afterwards; for if we consider that only the water
+immediately in contact with the herb can act upon it, and that it cools
+very rapidly, especially in earthenware vessels, it is clear that the
+effect will be greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid suffered
+gradually to cool.
+
+When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that any further
+addition of the herb only affords a very small increase in the strength,
+the water having cooled much below the boiling point, and consequently,
+acting very slightly.
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HUMAN EAR.
+
+
+The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the external,
+intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts of the first division,
+or external ear, are described by anatomists under the name of the helix,
+antihelix, tragus, antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha,
+and the concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The external
+or outward ear is designed by nature to stand prominent, and to bear
+its proportion in the symmetry of the head, but in Europe it is greatly
+flattened by the pressure of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic
+cartilage, formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading into
+each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or immediate opening
+into the tube of the ear. This form is admirably adapted for the reception
+of sound, for collecting and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or
+be sent too rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear in a similar
+manner to that of animals; but these instances are very rare, and rather
+deviations from the general structure; nor did it appear in these
+instances that such individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a
+structure would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed either by
+accident or design, deafness ensues, although its partial removal is
+not attended with this inconvenience: the external ear, therefore, or
+something in its form to collect sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+
+The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the tympanum,
+mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum contains four small
+delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the incus, the stapes, and the os
+orbiculare, joined to the incus. The intermediate ear displays an
+irregular cavity, having a membrane, called the membrana tympani,
+stretched across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication with
+the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which leads into the fauces,
+or throat. The membrane of the tympanum is intended to carry the
+vibrations of the atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain
+of bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum. Besides the
+effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in increasing the power of
+sound, the tension of the different membranes is also a requisite: thus
+various muscles are so situated as to put the membrane on the stretch,
+that the sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to that
+of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence upon the sense. In
+respect to its tension, the membrane of the tympanum may be also compared,
+not unaptly, to the string of a violin, or musical instrument, even more
+properly than to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in the same
+manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and relaxation of the
+tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers of action, and the customary
+agency of the organ. Its four bones act mechanically, in consequence of
+the power of the local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument,
+and produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only may the
+membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and hearing be preserved,
+but the small bones of the tympanum have been in certain cases lost, or
+have come away, from ulceration, and through a constitutional or other
+cause; but in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most instances,
+left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata and fenestra rotunda
+were preserved, which prevented the escape of sound from the labyrinth and
+internal parts. With respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into
+the throat seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain consequence.
+
+The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is called the
+labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three semicircular canals,
+and the cochlea: the whole are incased within the petrous portion of the
+temporal bone. The internal ear may be considered as the actual seat of
+the organ; it consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+sentient extremities of which spread in every direction, and in the most
+minute manner; inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is collected and
+retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To this apparatus is added the
+presence of a fluid, contained in sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in
+large quantities in some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+additional means for enforcing the impression: the known influence of
+water, as a powerful medium or conductor of sound, strengthens this idea.
+The internal ear of man, therefore, has all the known varieties of
+apparatus, which are only partially present in other classes of the
+creation; and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the variety
+or form of the internal ear of other animals. The internal ear of some
+animals consists of little more than a sac of fluid, on which is expanded
+a small nervous pulp; according to the situation of this, whether the
+creature lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+external opening with the ear, or otherwise.--_Lecture delivered at the
+Royal Institution, May 30, 1828--by J.H. Curtis, Esq_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POETICAL WILL
+
+_Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex_.
+
+
+  What I am going to bequeath,
+  When this frail part submits to death;
+  But still I hope the spark divine,
+  With its congenial stars shall shine.
+  My good executors, fulfil      }
+  I pray ye, fairly my goodwill  }
+  With first and second codicil, }
+  And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+  At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+  One hundred guineas for a ring,
+  Or some such memorandum thing,
+  And truly much I should have blundered,
+  Had I not given another hundred
+  To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+  Who dearly loves a little fun.
+  Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+  Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+  Though civil law he loves to hash,
+  I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+  One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+  (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+  And to her children just among 'em,
+  In equal shares I freely give them.
+  To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+  If they with Lady Poulett be,
+  Because they round the year did dwell
+  In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+  When Lord and Lady both did stray
+  Over the hills and far away,
+  The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+  And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+  In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+  This with my hand I write and sign,
+  The sixteenth day of fair October,
+  In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+  Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+  With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+  Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+  And like this day, serene but cold,
+  To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+  In perfect charity with all mankind.
+
+C.K.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early every morning,
+was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock, who asking him if he had
+been taking his morning's walk, was answered in the negative, but, added
+the honest Hibernian, "I intend to take it in the afternoon."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him for his
+licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of Orleans, then Regent, and
+begging him to do him justice, the duke replied, with a smile, "_Sir, it
+has been done already_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE
+_Following Novels is already Published_:
+
+                                        _s_.       _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0          6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0          6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0          6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0          6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0          6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0          6
+  Rasselas                               0          8
+  The Old English Baron                  0          8
+  Nature and Art                         0          8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0         10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1          0
+  The Man of the World                   1          0
+  A Simple Story                         1          4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1          6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1          8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1          8
+  The Italian                            2          0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Roderick Random                        2          6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3          6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4          6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction., by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
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