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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11332 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 381.] SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+[Illustration: APSLEY HOUSE]
+
+
+
+THE MANSION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+
+The town mansions of our nobility are generally beneath all
+architectural criticism; and it has been pertinently observed that "an
+educated foreigner is quite astonished when shown the residences of
+our higher nobility and gentry in the British capital. He has heard
+speak of some great nobleman, with a revenue equal to that of a
+principality. He feels a curiosity to look at his palace, and he is
+shown a plain, common, brick house of forty or fifty feet in extent."
+These observations were made about three years ago, since which
+period, the spirit of architectural improvement has been fast
+extending from public buildings to individual mansions. Among the
+latter, the renovation or encasement of Apsley House, at Hyde Park
+Corner, with a fine stone front, is entitled to foremost notice.
+
+This splendid improvement is from the designs of Benjamin Wyatt, Esq.
+and is of the Palladian style. The basement story is rusticated, and
+the principal front has a handsome pediment supported by four columns
+of the Corinthian order. A bold cornice extends on all sides, which
+are decorated at the angles with Corinthian pilasters. The whole has
+an air of substantial elegance, and is in extremely good taste, if we
+except the door and window cases, which we are disposed to think
+rather too small. The Piccadilly front is enclosed with a rich bronzed
+palisade between leaved pillars, being in continuation of the
+classical taste of the entrance gates to Hyde Park, and the superb
+entrance to the Royal Gardens on the opposite side of the road.
+Throughout the whole, the chaste Grecian honey-suckle is introduced
+with very pleasing effect.
+
+Besides the new frontage, Apsley House has been considerably enlarged,
+and a slip of ground from Hyde Park added to the gardens. The
+ball-room, extending the whole depth of the mansion, is one of the
+most magnificent _salons_ in the metropolis; and a picture gallery is
+in progress. Altogether, the improvement is equally honourable to the
+genius of the architect, and the taste of the illustrious proprietor
+of the mansion; for no foreigner can gainsay that Apsley House has the
+befitting splendour of a ducal, nay even of a royal palace.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+WATLING STREET.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+There has been much discussion among antiquaries respecting the
+etymology of an ancient Roman road, called the Watling Street Way,
+which commencing from Dover, traces its course to London, St. Alban's,
+Weedon, over _Bensford Bridge_,[1] High Cross, Atherstone, Wall,
+Wroxeter, and Chester, from which last place a branch appears to point
+in nearly a straight direction through St. Asaph to Segontium, or Caer
+Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course from
+Wroxeter to Manchester, York, Lancaster, Kendal, and Cockermouth.
+
+Hoveden thinks it was called the Watling Street from Wathe, or Wathla,
+a British king. Spelman fancies it was called Werlam Street, from its
+passing through Verulam. Somner derives the name from the Belgic
+Wentelen, _volvere, versare se, a sinuosis flexibus_. Baxter contends
+that it was made by the original Britons, Weteling, or Oedeling
+signifying in their language, _originarius civis vel ingenuus_.
+Stukeley's opinion, in which he is joined by Whitaker, the Manchester
+historian, is, that it was the Guetheling road--Sarn Guethelin, or the
+road of the Irish, the G being pronounced as a W. Dr. Wilkes says,
+that it is more indented and crooked than other Roman Roads usually
+are, and supposes that it was formed of _Wattles_, which was the idea
+also of Pointer. Mr. Duff is not pleased with the opinion of Camden,
+that it derives its name from an unknown _Vitellianus_, but
+conjectures that its etymology is from the Saxon _Wadla_, a poor man,
+a beggar, because such people resorted to this road for the charity of
+travellers.
+
+Among so many crude and discordant opinions, I shall endeavour to
+substitute another more consistent with the true etymology of the
+word. I agree with the historian of Manchester, that the Roman
+stations were prior to the roads, and that the latter were only the
+channels of communication to the former. The stations commenced during
+the conquest of the country, and all of them were completed at the
+conclusion of it. The roads therefore could not be constructed till
+the first or second summer after the stations were established.
+Whoever has attentively observed the line or direction of the Watling
+Street, must be convinced of the truth of the foregoing observations;
+and the deviation from a straight line, which in many parts is so
+apparent, and so evidently made to enable the Romans to pass from one
+station to another, may be considered conclusive upon this point. I
+therefore have no hesitation in asserting, that the Watling Street Way
+is a Roman road, and probably planned and formed by Vespasian, the
+celebrated Roman general in Britain, who named this road in compliment
+to the emperor, _Vitellius, Vitellii Strata Via_, Watling Street Way.
+Suetonius, in his _Life of Vespasian_, says, (chapter 4,) "_Claudio
+principe, Narcissi gratiâ, legatus in Germaniam missus est
+(Vespasianus;) inde in Britanniam translatus, tricies cum hoste
+conflixit. Duas validissimas gentes, superq viginti oppida, et insulam
+Vectam Britanniae proximam, in deditionem redegit, partim Auli Plautii
+legati, partim Claudii ipsius ductu. Quare triumphalia ornamenta, et
+in spatio brevi, duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum,
+quem gessit per duos novissimos anni menses." Or, "In the reign of
+Claudius, by the interest of Narcissus,[2] he (Vespasian) was sent
+lieutenant general of a legion into Germany, from whence being removed
+into Britain, he engaged the enemy in thirty distinct battles, and
+subjected to the power of the Romans two very strong nations, and
+above twenty great towns, and the Isle of Wight, upon the coast of
+Britain, partly under the command of Aulus Plautius, and partly under
+that of Claudius himself. In reward for these noble services he
+received the triumphal ornaments, and in a short time after, two
+priest's offices, besides the consulship, which he held for the two
+last months of the year."
+
+The same author, in his Life of Vitellius, seems to strengthen or
+rather establish the conjecture of its being the _Vitellii Strata
+Via_, for he says, (chapter 1,) "_indicia, stirpis (Vitelliorum) diu
+mansisse, Viam Vitelliam ab Janiculo ad mare usque, item coloniam
+ejusdem nominis._" Or, "Some monuments of the family continued a long
+time, as the _Vitellian Way_, reaching from the Janiculum to the sea,
+and likewise a colony of that name." From the abovementioned extracts,
+it seems not improbable that one of the thirty battles mentioned by
+Suetonius, might have been fought during the time the Romans were
+forming this road through the Forest of Arden, which extended from
+Henley, in Warwickshire, to Market Harborough, in Leicestershire; and
+that it was called in compliment to Vitellius, the _Vitellian Way_,
+afterwards corrupted to the _Watling Way_.
+
+This road from the Avon, which it passes at Dove Bridge, to the Anker,
+near Atherstone, forms the boundary between the counties of Leicester
+and Warwick. In the month of June, 1824, numerous skulls and bones
+were discovered in a line from the intersection of the road that leads
+from Rugby to Lutterworth, with the Watling Street to Benones or
+Bensford Bridge, the distance not being more than half a mile. These
+bones were lying about two feet below the surface of the ground. Many
+fragments of shields, spear heads, knives, and a sword,[3] placed by
+the side of a skeleton, and at one end touching a funereal urn,[4] and
+likewise several drinking cups, or small vessels, apparently formed of
+half-baked clay, with clasps both of silver and brass, were found
+within the abovementioned distance. On the contrary side of the road
+were discovered beads, glass, and amber, but neither urns,
+spear-heads, or fragments of shields; these relics, therefore,
+probably belonged to the Britons, who fell encountering the Romans, to
+prevent their forming a road through the Forest of Arden. There can be
+little doubt of a battle having been here fought, from the bones,
+urns, and tumuli discovered here and in the adjacent neighbourhood.
+"In this parish (Church Over,") says Dugdale, "upon the old Roman Way,
+called Watling Strete, is to be seen a very great tumulus, which is of
+that magnitude, that it puts travellers beside the usual road," and a
+_Letter_ from Elias Ashmole to Sir Wm. Dugdale,[5] states, "that about
+a mile from hence (that is from Holywell Abbey, now the site of Caves
+Inn,) there is a tumulus raised in the very middle of the high way,
+which methought was worth observing." This tumulus, in an ancient
+deed, is called the Pilgrim's Low. It was removed in making the
+turnpike-road from Banbury to Lutterworth, about the year 1770. In the
+plantations of Abraham Grimes, Esq., within half a mile of the site of
+the former, is another tumulus of smaller dimensions, adjoining the
+road which leads from Rugby to Lutterworth.
+
+These were probably raised in honour of some military chiefs who were
+slain in the battle.
+
+  Si quid novisti rectius istis
+  Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum.
+
+    [1] Probably a corruption of Benones Bridge, as it is within four
+        miles of the Roman station, Benones, now High Cross.
+
+    [2] Vitellius had great weight and influence in the reign of
+        Claudius; Vespasian at that time paid his court to the
+        favourite, and also to Narcissus, the emperor's freedman.
+
+    [3] Now in the possession of the Rev. P. Homer, of Rugby.
+
+    [4] In the possession of Mr. Matthew Bloxam, of the same place.
+
+    [5] Edited by that distinguished and learned antiquary, Wm. Hamper,
+        of Birmingham, Esq., in his _Life of Dugdale_.
+
+R.R.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE PENDRILLS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+I beg to correct the statement of _W.W._ in vol. xiii. page 419,
+respecting this family. It is true that the pension did not expire at
+Richard Pendrill's death--and it is also true that Dr. Pendrill died
+about the time as therein stated--but his son, John Pendrill, died at
+his own residence, near the Seahouses, Eastbourne, last year only,
+(1828,) leaving issue, one son by his first wife, (named John,) and
+one son and three daughters by his second wife; his first son, John,
+now enjoys the pension of 100 marks, and is residing at the Gloucester
+Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, in sound health. The privilege granted to
+this family under the title of "Free Warren," is the liberty of
+shooting, hunting, fishing, &c. upon any of the King's manors, and
+upon the manor on which the party enjoying this pension might reside;
+and I am informed that a certain noble lord made some yearly payment
+or gift to the deceased, John, not to exercise that privilege on his
+manor in Sussex. The pension is payable out of, or secured upon, lands
+in four different counties, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire,
+Herefordshire, and Warwickshire, and entitles the party enjoying it to
+a vote in each of these counties; but whether this has been acted
+upon, I cannot possibly say. I have seen in the possession of a branch
+of this loyal family, only a few days ago, a scarce print of the arms,
+&c. published in 1756, under the regulation of the act of parliament;
+besides other prints on the subject. This family, _being commoners_,
+is I believe, the only one which have supporters.[6]
+
+    [6] Another correspondent, _Amicus_, states that the grant of the
+        Pension was in the possession of the Rector of Cheriton, in
+        Hampshire, and was "lost by him to Government, a short time
+        before his death, in the year 1825."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FRIENDS OF THE DEAD.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  They've seen him laid, all cold and low;
+    They've flung the flat stone o'er his breast:
+  And Summer's sun, and Winter's snow
+    May never mar his dreamless rest!
+  They've left him to his long decay;
+    The banner waves above his head:
+  Funereal is their rich array,
+    But hark! how speak they of the dead.
+
+  In his own hall, they've pledg'd to him
+    'Mid mirth, and minstrelsy divine;
+  When, at the crystal goblet's brim
+    Hath flash'd, the od'rous rosy wine;
+  When viands from all lands afar
+    Have grac'd the shining, sumptuous board,
+  And _now_, they'd prove their vaunted star,
+    The Cobbold, of his priceless hoard.[7]
+
+  Hark! how they scandalize the _dead_!
+    They spake not thus,--(their patron _here_)
+  When they were proud to break his bread,
+    To watch his faintest smile, and fear
+  His latent frown; they did not speak
+    Of vices, follies, meanness: _then_
+  A _crime_ in him, had been, "the freak
+    Of youth," and "worthiest _he_, of men!"
+
+  Off with those garbs of woe, _false_ friends!
+    Those sadden'd visages, all feign'd!
+  Or have ye yet, some golden ends
+    To be, by Death's own liv'ries gain'd?
+  _Ye_ mourn the dead forsooth! who say
+    That which should shame the lordly hall
+  His late ancestral home! Away!
+    And dream that he hath _heard_ it all!
+
+    [7] _Cobbold_, in mining countries, especially Cornwall, is the
+        legendary guardian spirit of the mine, and severe master of
+        its treasures. In Germany, Sweden, &c. the Cobbold may be
+        traced under various modifications and titles.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+The Cosmopolite.
+
+
+
+FOOD OF VARIOUS NATIONS.
+
+(_Conclusion_.)
+
+
+The diet of the _Frenchman_, is chiefly vegetable, and his _frogs_ are
+rarities reserved for the delectation of the opulent, and answering,
+in some degree, to the brains and tongues of singing-birds amongst
+ancient epicures; since, after being subjected to a peculiar process
+of fattening and purifying, only the legs of these animals are eaten.
+Light wines, beer, sugar and water, strong coffee, and a variety of
+delicious liqueurs, are drunk by the French, but they have shown
+themselves capable of conforming to the English taste in a relish for
+stronger potations. _Spaniards_ of all ranks, use fruit, vegetables,
+fish, and olives, for their principal diet, and oil and garlic are
+used plentifully in their culinary operations; chocolate is their
+chief beverage, but at dinner ladies drink nothing but water, and
+gentlemen a little wine. The fare of the _Portuguese_ peasantry is
+meagre in the extreme, although, they are, in fact, surrounded with
+the abundant luxuries of nature; a piece of black bread and a pickled
+pilchard, or head of garlic, is their usual subsistence, but a salted
+cod is a feast. In _Italy_, ice-water and lemonade are luxuries
+essential to the existence of all classes, and the inferior ones, who
+never inebriate themselves with spirituous liquors, can procure them
+at a cheap rate; macaroni and fruit are chief articles of food, but
+the Italians are great gourmands, and delight in dishes swimming in
+oil, which, to an English ear, sounds very disgustingly; however, it
+must be remembered, that oil in Italy is so pure and fresh, that it
+answers every purpose of our newest butter. A gentleman who had
+resided some time in this country, informs us, that by the Italians,
+_puppy-broth_ was reckoned a sovereign remedy in some slight
+indispositions, and that he has constantly seen in the markets young
+dogs skinned for sale. Of the _Turks_, the ordinary food is rice,
+sometimes boiled with gravy, and sometimes made into _pilan_; a kind
+of curry composed of mutton and fowl stewed to rags, and highly
+seasoned gravy. This is eaten with their fingers, since they have
+neither knives nor forks, and the Koran prohibits the use of gold and
+silver spoons. Coffee and sherbet are their ordinary beverages, and by
+the higher classes of "the faithful," wine is drunk in private, but an
+intoxication of a singular and destructive description, is produced by
+opium, which the Turks chew in immoderate quantities. The food of the
+_Circassians_ consists of a little meat, millet-paste, and a kind of
+beer fermented from millet. The _Tartars_ are not fond of beef and
+veal, but admire horse-flesh; they prefer to drink, before any thing
+else, mare's milk, and produce from it, by keeping it in sour skins, a
+strong spirit termed _koumiss_. The _Jakutians_ (a Tartar tribe)
+esteem horse-flesh as the greatest possible dainty; they eat raw the
+fat of horses and oxen, and drink melted butter with avidity; but
+bread is rare. The favourite food of the _Kalmuc Tartars_ is
+horse-flesh, eaten raw sometimes, but commonly dried in the sun; dogs,
+cats, rats, marmots, and other small animals and vermin are also eaten
+by them; but neither vegetables, bread nor fruits; and they drink
+koumiss; than which, scarcely any thing can be more disgusting,
+except, perhaps, that beverage of the South Sea islanders, prepared by
+means of leaves being masticated by a large company, and spit into a
+bowl of water. The diet of the _Kamtschatdales_, is chiefly fish,
+variously prepared; _huigal_, which is neither more nor less than fish
+laid in a pit until _putrid_, is a _luxury_ with this people! They are
+fond of caviar, made of roes of fish, and scarcely less disgusting
+than huigal. A pound of dry caviar will last a Kamtschatdale on a
+journey for a considerable time, since he finds bread to eat with it
+in the bark of every birch and elder he meets with. These people boil
+the fat of the whale and walrus with roots of _setage_. A principal
+dish at their feasts, consists of various roots and berries pounded
+with caviar, and mixed with the melted fat of whale and seal. They are
+fond of spirits, but commonly drink water. For the _Arabs_, lizards
+and locusts, afford food, but with better articles. The _Persians_
+live like the Turks, or nearly so, but for the want of spoons, knives,
+and forks, their feasts, if the provisions are good in themselves, are
+disgusting; besides which, the _sofera_, or cloth on which the dinner
+is spread, is, from a superstitious notion that changing is unlucky,
+so intolerably dirty and offensive in odour, that the stranger can
+scarcely endure to sit beside it. With the _Chinese_, rice is the
+"staff of life," but all kinds of animal food are eagerly devoured;
+and pedlars offering for sale rats, cats, and dogs, may be seen in the
+streets of Chinese towns. It is uncertain whether a depraved taste or
+lack of superior animal food, induces a really civilized people to
+devour such flesh. Weak tea, without sugar, or milk, is the common
+beverage of the Chinese; in the use of ardent spirits they are
+moderate. The _Peguese_, worshipping crocodiles, will drink no water
+but from the ditches wherein those creatures abound, and consequently
+are frequently devoured by them. The _Siamese_, besides a variety of
+superior food, eat rats, lizards, and some kinds of insects. The
+_Battas_ of Sumatra, prefer _human flesh_ to all other, and speak with
+rapture of the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Warm water is
+the usual beverage of the _Manilla_ islanders. The _Japanese_, amongst
+other things, drink a kind of beer distilled from rice, and called
+_sacki_; it is kept constantly warm, and drunk after every morsel they
+eat. Cocoa-nut milk and water, is the common beverage of the natives
+of the _New Hebrides_. In _New Caledonia_ so great is the scarcity of
+food, that the natives make constant war for the sake of eating their
+prisoners, and sometimes, to assuage the cravings of hunger, they bind
+ligatures tightly round their bodies and swallow oleaginous earth. The
+_New Zealanders_ are cannibals sometimes in a dearth, and to gratify a
+spirit of vengeance against their enemies. The _New Hollanders_, near
+the sea, subsist on fish eaten raw, or nearly so; should a whale be
+cast ashore, it is never abandoned until its bones are picked; their
+substitute for bread, and that which forms their chief subsistence, is
+a species of fern roasted, pounded between stones, and mixed with
+fish. The general beverage of the negro tribes is palm-wine. No
+disgust is evinced by the _Bosjesman Hottentots_ at the most nauseous
+food, and having shot an animal with a poisoned arrow, their only
+precaution, previous to tearing it in pieces and devouring it raw, is
+to cut out the envenomed part. Half a dozen Bosjesmans, will eat a fat
+sheep in an hour; they use no salt, and seldom drink anything,
+probably from the succulent nature of their food. The _Caffres_ live
+chiefly on milk; they have no poultry, nor do they eat eggs. When
+flesh is boiled, each member of a family helps himself from the kettle
+with a pointed stick, and eats it in his hand. Their substitute for
+bread, which is made of Caffre-corn, a sort of millet, is the pith of
+a palm, indigenous to the country.
+
+The _Lattakoos_ eat, with equal zest, the flesh of elephants,
+rhinoceroses, tigers, giraffes, quaggas, &c.; and sometimes, under an
+idea that it confers valour, human flesh, of which they have otherwise
+great abhorrence. They are very disgusting in their manner of
+preparing food. The _Abyssinians_ usually eat the flesh of cattle raw,
+and sometimes, although we believe the fact has been much
+controverted, immediately as it is cut from the living animals. The
+_Bisharye_, a tribe of Bedouin Arabs, eat raw flesh, drink raw sheep's
+blood, and esteem the raw marrow of camels their greatest dainty.
+
+The _Patagonians_ eat raw flesh with no regard to cleanliness. The
+_Greenlanders_ subsist on fish, seals, and sea-fowls, prepared and
+devoured in manners truly disgusting; train-oil is their sauce, and
+the blood of seals, their favourite beverage! Some of the _North
+American Indians_ diet on the flesh of the sea-dog, parts of the whale
+and its fat, and an oil made of the blubber of both of these animals.
+Whilst, singular is the contrast, some of the _South American_ tribes,
+are able to digest monkeys, blackened in, and dried by fire, to such a
+degree of wood-like hardness, as to be rendered capable of keeping, we
+dare not say how long.
+
+_Chacun à son gout_, says one proverb, but we trust that the readers
+of this paper will, whenever they feel themselves inclined to quarrel
+with _English_ fare, pause, and remember, another, viz.:--"A man may
+go further and fare worse."
+
+M.L.B
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR TENURE.
+
+
+Among the records in the Tower of London, is one to the following
+effect:--King John gave several lands at Kipperton and Alterton, in
+Kent, to Solomon Atlefield to be held by this service:--"That as often
+as the King should please to cross the sea, the said Solomon or his
+heirs, should be obliged to go with him, to hold his majesty's head if
+there be occasion for it;" that is, should his majesty be sea-sick.
+And it appears by the record, that this same office of head-holding
+was accordingly performed afterwards, in the reign of Edward the
+First.
+
+R.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The custom of the manor of Woodford, Essex, is _Borough-English_, by
+which the youngest son inherits.
+
+The origin of this custom has been a subject of much dispute; but it
+appears to have prevailed greatly among the East Saxons. Dr. Plot
+conjectured, that it was introduced by the lord of the manor's
+claiming the right of enjoying the bride, daughter of his tenant, on
+the wedding-night; therefore the villain or slave, doubting whether
+the eldest son was his own, made the youngest his heir. This custom
+prevailed among the Ancient Britons before there were either Saxons or
+villains.
+
+By the laws of succession among the Ancient Britons, a man's land at
+his death did not descend to his eldest son, but was equally divided
+among all his sons; and when any dispute arose, it was determined by
+the Druids. The youngest son, it appears, was more favoured than the
+eldest or any of his brothers. "When the brothers have divided their
+father's estate, the youngest shall have the best house, with all the
+office-houses, the implements of husbandry, his father's kettle, his
+axe for cutting wood, and his knife. These three last things the
+father cannot give away by gift, nor leave by his last will to any but
+his youngest son, and if they are pledged they shall be redeemed."
+
+To account for this law is not very difficult. The elder brothers of a
+family were supposed to have left their father's house before his
+death, and obtained a house and necessaries of their own; but the
+youngest, by reason of his tender age, was considered as more
+helpless, and not so well provided. Halbert H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STORM RAISING
+
+
+The dread of storm raisers is universally prevalent amongst the
+Italian peasantry, and especially in mountainous districts. A Danish
+botanist, journeying alone upon an ass through the mountains of
+Abruzzi, was involved in several perilous adventures by this
+superstitious terror of the peasantry. They had for some time seen him
+collecting plants amongst the unfrequented cliffs and ravines, and
+watched his proceedings with suspicious curiosity. A few days later
+their district was ravaged by a succession of storms, their suspicions
+grew into certainty, and, assembling in considerable numbers, they
+attacked the unconscious botanist with a volley of stones, and cursed
+him as a storm-raising enchanter. He made vehement protestations of
+his innocence, but the enraged peasants took forcible possession of
+his collection, which they minutely examined. Finding only some
+harmless leaves and blossoms, and no roots, their fury abated, and,
+although it was suggested by some that he had probably used the roots
+in his incantations, the unfortunate herbalist was at length dismissed
+with fierce menaces, that if he dared to take a single root from the
+ground, it would cost him his life. In the mountains near Rome, the
+peasants regard with suspicion a singular costume, a stern cast of
+countenance, or any striking personal formation, in the strangers who
+arrive there. All travellers, thus peculiarly marked, are supposed to
+be enchanters and treasure-seekers, and the young Germans, in their
+black dresses, untrimmed beards, and long hair, are especial objects
+of suspicion.--_Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEAPOLITAN SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+The Neapolitan sailors never go to sea without a box of small images
+or puppets, some of which are patron saints, inherited from their
+progenitors, while others are more modern, but of tried efficacy in
+the hour of peril. When a storm overtakes the vessel, the sailors
+leave her to her fate, and bring upon deck the box of saints, one of
+which is held up, and loudly prayed to for assistance. The storm,
+however, increases, and the obstinate or powerless saint is vehemently
+abused, and thrown upon the deck. Others are held up, prayed to,
+abused, and thrown down in succession, until the heavens become more
+propitious. The storm abates, all danger disappears, the saint last
+prayed to acquires the reputation of miraculous efficacy, and, after
+their return to Naples, is honoured with prayers.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LENGTH AND FINENESS OF THE SILKWORM'S WEB, &c.
+
+
+Baker in _The Microscope made Easy_, says, "A silkworm's web being
+examined, appeared perfectly smooth and shining, every where equal,
+and much finer than any thread the best spinster in the world can
+make, as the smallest twine is finer than the thickest cable. A pod of
+this silk being wound off, was found to contain 930 yards; but it is
+proper to take notice, that as two threads are glewed together by the
+worm through its whole length, it makes double the above number, or
+1,860 yards; which being weighed with the utmost exactness, were found
+no heavier than two grains and a half. What an exquisite fineness is
+here! and yet, this is nothing when compared with the web of a small
+spider, or even with the silk that issued from the mouth of this very
+worm, when but newly hatched from the egg."
+
+Under the article _Silk_, in _Rees's Cyclopaedia_, the writer says,
+"that those who have examined it attentively, think they speak within
+compass, when they affirm that each ball contains silk enough to reach
+the length of _six_ English miles."
+
+Baker tells us, "not to neglect the _skins_ these animals cast off
+three times before they begin to spin; for the eyes, mouth, teeth,
+ornaments of the head, and many other parts may be discovered better
+in the _cast_-off skins than in the real animal."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CUCKOO
+
+
+Mr. Jerdan, editor of the _Literary Gazette_, in a letter to Mr.
+Loudon, says, "about fifteen years ago I obtained a cuckoo from the
+nest of (I think) a hedge sparrow, at Old Brompton, where I then
+resided. It was rather curious, as being within ten yards of my house,
+Cromwell Cottage, and in a narrow and much frequented lane, leading
+from near Gloucester Lodge to Kensington. This bird I reared and kept
+alive till late in January; when it fell suddenly from its perch,
+while feeding on a rather large dew worm. It was buried: but I had,
+long afterwards, strange misgivings, that my poor feathered favourite
+was only choked by his food, or in a fit of some kind--his apparent
+death was so extremely unexpected from his health and liveliness at
+the time. I assure you that I regretted my loss much, my bird being in
+full plumage and a very handsome creature. He was quite tame, for in
+autumn I used to set him on a branch of a tree in the garden, while I
+dug worms for him to dine upon, and he never attempted more than a
+short friendly flight. During the coldest weather, and it was rather a
+sharp winter, my only precaution was, nearly to cover his cage with
+flannel; and when I used to take it off, more or less, on coming into
+my breakfast room in the morning, I was recognised by him with
+certainly not all the cry "unpleasant to a married ear," but with its
+full half "_Cuck_! _Cuck_!"--the only sounds or notes I ever heard
+from my bird. Though trifling, these facts may be so far curious as
+illustrating the natural history of a remarkable genus, and I have
+great pleasure in offering them for your excellent Journal." _Mag.
+Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICAL SNAILS.
+
+
+As I was sitting in my room, on the first floor, about nine P.M. (4th
+of October last), I was surprised with what I supposed to be the notes
+of a bird, under or upon the sill of a window. My impression was, that
+they somewhat resembled the notes of a wild duck in its nocturnal
+flight, and, at times, the twitter of a redbreast, in quick
+succession. To be satisfied on the subject, I carefully removed the
+shutter, and, to my surprise, found it was a garden snail, which, in
+drawing itself along the glass, had produced sounds similar to those
+elicited from the musical glasses.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BEWICK.
+
+
+In the museum at Newcastle are many of the identical specimens from
+which the illustrious townsman Bewick drew his figures for the
+wood-cuts which embellish his unique and celebrated work. This truly
+amiable man, and, beyond all comparison, greatest genius Newcastle has
+ever produced, died on the 8th of November last, in the 76th year of
+his age. He continued to the last in the enjoyment of all his
+faculties; his single-heartedness and enthusiasm not a jot abated, and
+his wonder-working pencil still engaged in tracing, with his wonted
+felicity and fidelity, those objects which had all his life afforded
+him such delight, and which have charmed, and must continue to charm,
+all those who have any relish for the pure and simple beauties of
+nature.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus.]
+
+
+  Learn of the little Nautilus to sail,
+  Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
+
+This species of shell-fish, (see the cut,) is named from _Argonautes_,
+the companions of Jason, in the celebrated ship, Argo, and from the
+Latin _naus_, a ship; the shells of all the Nautili having the
+appearance of a ship with a very high poop. The shell of this
+interesting creature is no thicker than paper, and divided into forty
+compartments or chambers, through every one of which a portion of its
+body passes, connected as it were, by a thread. In the cut it is
+represented as sailing, when it expands two of its arms on high, and
+between these supports a membrane which serves as a sail, hanging the
+two other arms out of its shell, to serve as oars, the office of
+steerage being generally served by the tail.
+
+The shell of the Nautilus being exceedingly thin and fragile, the
+tenant has many enemies, and among others the Trochus who makes war on
+it with unrelenting fury. Pursued by this cruel foe, it ascends to the
+top of the water, spreads its little sail to catch the flying breeze,
+and rowing with all its might, scuds along, like a galley in
+miniature, and often escapes its more cumbrous pursuer. Sometimes,
+however, all will not do, the Trochus nears and nears, and escape
+appears impossible; but when the little animal, with inexplicable
+ingenuity, suddenly and secretly extricates itself from its tortuous
+and fragile dwelling, the Trochus immediately turns to other prey. The
+Nautilus then returns to tenant and repair its little bark; but it too
+often happens, that before he can regain it, it is by a species of
+shipwreck, dashed to pieces on the shore. Thus wretchedly situated,
+this hero of the testaceous tribe seeks some obscure corner "where to
+die," but which seldom, if ever, happens, until after he has made
+extraordinary exertions to establish himself anew. What a fine picture
+of virtue nobly struggling with misfortune.[8]
+
+When the sea is calm, whole fleets of these Nautili may be seen
+diverting themselves; but when a storm rises, or they are disturbed,
+they draw in their legs, take in as much water as makes them
+specifically heavier, than that in which they float, and then sink to
+the bottom. When they rise again they void this water by numerous
+holes, of which their legs are full. The other species of Nautilus,
+whose shell is thick, never quits that habitation. The shells of both
+varieties are exceedingly beautiful when polished, and produce high
+prices among Conchologists.
+
+It is easy to conceive that the ingenious habits of this wonderful
+creature may have suggested to man the power of sailing upon the sea,
+and of the various apparatus by which he effects that object. The
+whole creation abounds with similar instances of Nature ministering to
+the proud purposes of art: one of them, the origin of the Gothic Arch
+from the "high o'erarching groves," is mentioned by Warburton, in his
+_Divine Legation_, and is a sublime lesson for besotted man.
+
+    [8] Magazine of Natural History, No.1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+AND
+LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VIDOCQ.
+
+
+[We have abridged one of the most striking chapters in the very
+extraordinary history of Vidocq; premising that the interest of the
+adventure will compensate for the space it here occupies.]
+
+A short time before the first invasion (1814), M. Senard, one of the
+richest jewellers of the Palais Royal, having gone to pay a visit to
+his friend the Curè of Livry, found him in one of those perplexities
+which are generally caused by the approach of our good friends the
+enemy. He was anxious to secrete from the rapacity of the cossacks
+first the consecrated vessels, and then his own little treasures.
+After much hesitation, although in his situation he must have been
+used to interments, Monsieur le Curè decided on burying the objects
+which he was anxious to save, and M. Senard, who, like the other
+gossips and misers, imagined that Paris would be given over to
+pillage, determined to cover up, in a similar way, the most precious
+articles in his shop. It was agreed that the riches of the pastor and
+those of the jeweller should be deposited in the same hole. But, then,
+who was to dig the said hole? One of the singers in church was the
+very pearl of honest fellows, father Moiselet, and in him every
+confidence could be reposed. He would not touch a penny that did not
+belong to him. The hole, made with much skill, was soon ready to
+receive the treasure which it was intended to preserve, and six feet
+of earth were cast on the specie of the Curè, to which were united
+diamonds worth 100,000 crowns, belonging to M. Senard, and enclosed in
+a small box. The hollow filled up, the ground was so well flattened,
+that one would have betted with the devil that it had not been stirred
+since the creation. "This good Moiselet," said M. Senard, rubbing his
+hands, "has done it all admirably. Now, gentlemen cossacks, you must
+have fine noses if you find it out!" At the end of a few days the
+allied armies made further progress, and clouds of Kirguiz, Kalmucs,
+and Tartars, of all hordes and all colours, appeared in the environs
+of Paris. These unpleasant guests are, it is well known, very greedy
+for plunder: they made, every where, great ravages; they passed no
+habitation without exacting tribute: but in their ardour for pillage
+they did not confine themselves to the surface, all belonged to them
+to the centre of the globe; and that they might not be frustrated in
+their pretensions, these intrepid geologists made a thousand
+excavations, which, to the regret of the naturalists of the country,
+proved to them, that in France the mines of gold or silver are not so
+deep as in Peru. Such a discovery was well calculated to give them
+additional energy; they dug with unparalleled activity, and the spoil
+they found in many places of concealment threw the Croesuses of many
+cantons into perfect despair. The cursed Cossacks! But yet the
+instinct which so surely led them to the spot where treasure was
+hidden, did not guide them to the hiding place of the Curè. It was
+like the blessing of heaven, each morning the sun rose and nothing
+new; nothing new when it set.
+
+Most decidedly the finger of heaven must be recognised in the
+impenetrability of the mysterious inhumation performed by Moiselet. M.
+Senard was so fully convinced of it, that he actually mingled
+thanksgivings with the prayers which he made for the preservation and
+repose of his diamonds. Persuaded that his vows would be heard, in
+growing security he began to sleep more soundly, when one fine day,
+which was, of all days in the week, a Friday, Moiselet, more dead than
+alive, ran to the Curè's.
+
+"Ah, sir, I can scarcely speak."
+
+"What's the matter, Moiselet?"
+
+"I dare not tell you. Poor M. le Curè, this affects me deeply, I am
+paralyzed. If my veins were open not a drop of blood would flow."
+
+"What is the matter? You alarm me."
+
+"The hole."
+
+"Mercy! I want to learn no more. Oh, what a terrible scourge is war!
+Jeanneton, Jeanneton, come quickly, my shoes and hat."
+
+"But, sir, you have not breakfasted."
+
+"Oh, never mind breakfast."
+
+"You know, sir, when you go out fasting you have such spasms----."
+
+"My shoes, I tell you."
+
+"And then you complain of your stomach."
+
+"I shall have no want of a stomach again all my life. Never any
+more--no, never--ruined."
+
+"Ruined--Jesu--Maria! Is it possible? Ah! sir, run then,--run--."
+
+Whilst the Curè dressed himself in haste, and, impatient to buckle the
+strap, could scarcely put on his shoes, Moiselet, in a most lamentable
+tone, told him what he had seen.
+
+"Are you sure of it?" said the Curè, perhaps they did not take all."
+
+"Ah, sir, God grant it, but I had not courage enough to look."
+
+They went together towards the old barn, when they found that the
+spoliation had been complete. Reflecting on the extent of his loss,
+the Curè nearly fell to the ground. Moiselet was in a most pitiable
+state; the dear man afflicted himself more than if the loss had been
+his own. It was terrific to hear his sighs and groans. This was the
+result of love to one's neighbour. M. Senard little thought how great
+was the desolation at Livry. What was his despair on receiving the
+news of the event! In Paris the police is the providence of people who
+have lost any thing. The first idea, and the most natural one, that
+occurred to M. Senard was, that the robbery had been committed by the
+Cossacks, and, in such a case, the police could not avail him
+materially; but M. Senard took care not to suspect the Cossacks.
+
+One Monday when I was in the office of M. Henry, I saw one of those
+little abrupt, brisk men enter, who, at the first glance, we are
+convinced are interested and distrustful: it was M. Senard, who
+briefly related his mishap, and concluded by saying, that he had
+strong suspicions of Moiselet. M. Henry thought also that he was the
+author of the robbery, and I agreed with both. "It is very well," he
+said, "but still our opinion is only founded on conjecture, and if
+Moiselet keeps his own counsel we shall have no chance of convicting
+him. It will be impossible."
+
+"Impossible!" cried M. Senard, "what will become of me? No, no, I
+shall not vainly implore your succour. Do not you know all? can you
+not do all when you choose? My diamonds! my poor diamonds! I will give
+one hundred thousand francs to get them back again."
+
+[Vidocq promises to recover the jewels, and the jeweller offers him
+10,000 francs.]
+
+In spite of successive abatements of M. Senard, in proportion as he
+believed the discovery probable, I promised to exert every effort in
+my power to effect the desired result. But before any thing could be
+undertaken, it was necessary that a formal complaint should be made;
+and M. Senard and the Curè, thereupon, went to Pontoise, and the
+declaration being consequently made, and the robbery stated, Moiselet
+was taken up and interrogated. They tried every means to make him
+confess his guilt; but he persisted in avowing himself innocent, and,
+for lack of proof to the contrary, the charge was about to be dropped
+altogether, when to preserve it for a time, I set an agent of mine to
+work. He, clothed in a military uniform, with his left arm in a sling,
+went with a billet to the house where Moiselet's wife lived. He was
+supposed to have just left the hospital, and was only to stay at Livry
+for forty-eight hours; but a few moments after his arrival, he had a
+fall, and a pretended sprain suddenly occurred, which put it out of
+his power to continue his route. It was then indispensable for him to
+delay, and the mayor decided that he should remain with the cooper's
+wife until further orders.
+
+The cooper's wife was charmed with his many little attentions. The
+soldier could write, and became her secretary; but the letters which
+she addressed to her dear husband were of a nature not to compromise
+her--not the least expression that can have a twofold construction--it
+was innocence corresponding with innocence. At length, after a few
+day's experience, I was convinced that my agent, in spite of his
+talent, would draw no profit from his mission. I then resolved to
+manoeuvre in person, and, disguised as a travelling hawker, I began to
+visit the environs of Livry. I was one of those Jews who deal in every
+thing,--clothes, jewels, &c. &c.; and I took in exchange gold, silver,
+jewels, in fact, all that was offered me. An old female robber, who
+knew the neighbourhood perfectly, accompanied me in my tour: she was
+the widow of a celebrated thief, Germain Boudier, called Father
+Latuil, who, after having undergone half-a-dozen sentences, died at
+last at Saint Pelagie. I flattered myself that Madame Moiselet,
+seduced by her eloquence, and by our merchandize, would bring out the
+store of the Curè's crowns, some brilliant of the purest water, nay,
+even the chalice or paten, in case the bargain should be to her
+liking. My calculation was not verified; the cooper's wife was in no
+haste to make a bargain, and her coquetry did not get the better of
+her.
+
+The Jew hawker was soon metamorphosed into a German servant; and under
+this disguise I began to ramble about the vicinity of Pontoise, with a
+design of being apprehended. I sought out the gendarmes, whilst I
+pretended to avoid them; but they, thinking I wished to get away from
+them, demanded a sight of my papers. Of course I had none, and they
+desired me to accompany them to a magistrate, who, knowing nothing of
+the jargon in which I replied to his questions, desired to know what
+money I had; and a search was forthwith commenced in his presence. My
+pockets contained some money and valuables, the possession of which
+seemed to astonish him. The magistrate, as curious as a commissary,
+wished to know how they came into my hands; and I sent him to the
+devil with two or three Teutonic oaths, of the most polished kind; and
+he, to teach me better manners another time, sent me to prison.
+
+Once more the iron bolts were drawn upon me. At the moment of my
+arrival, the prisoners were playing in the prison yard, and the jailer
+introduced me amongst them in these terms, "I bring you a murderer of
+the parts of speech; understand him if you can."
+
+They immediately flocked about me, and I was accosted with salutations
+of _Landsman_ and _Meinheer_ without end. During this reception, I
+looked out for the cooper of Livry.
+
+[He meets with him.]
+
+"Mossié, Mossié," I said, addressing the prisoner, who seemed to think
+I said Moiselet, "Mossié Fine Hapit, (not knowing his name, I so
+designated him, because his coat was the colour of flesh,) sacrement,
+ter teufle, no tongue to me; yer François, I miseraple, I trink vine;
+faut trink for gelt, plack vine."
+
+I pointed to his hat, which was black; he did not understand me; but
+on making a gesture that I wanted to drink, he found me perfectly
+intelligible. All the buttons of my great coat were twenty-franc
+pieces; I gave him one: he asked if they had brought the wine, and
+soon afterwards I heard a turnkey say,
+
+"Father Moiselet, I have taken up two bottles for you." The
+flesh-coloured coat was then Moiselet. I followed him into his room,
+and we began to drink with all our might. Two other bottles arrived;
+we only went on in couples. Moiselet, in his capacity of chorister,
+cooper, sexton, &c. &c. was no less a sot than gossip; he got tipsy
+with great good-will, and incessantly spoke to me in the jargon I had
+assumed.
+
+Matters progressed well; after two or three hours such as these I
+pretended to get stupid. Moiselet, to set me to rights, gave me a cup
+of coffee without sugar; after coffee came glasses of water. No one
+can conceive the care which my new friend took of me; but when
+drunkenness is of such a nature it is like death--all care is useless.
+Drunkenness overpowered me. I went to bed and slept; at least Moiselet
+thought so; but I saw him many times fill my glass and his own, and
+gulp them both down. The next day, when I awoke, he paid me the
+balance, three francs and fifty centimes, which, according to him,
+remained from the twenty-franc piece. I was an excellent companion;
+Moiselet found me so, and never quitted me. I finished the
+twenty-franc piece with him, and then produced one of forty francs,
+which vanished as quickly. When he saw it drunk out also he feared it
+was the last.
+
+"Your button again," said he to me, in a tone of extreme anxiety, and
+yet very comical.
+
+I showed him another coin. "Ah, your large button again," he shouted
+out, jumping for joy.
+
+This button went the same way as all the other buttons, until at
+length, by dint of drinking together, Moiselet understood and spoke my
+language almost as well as I did myself, and we could then disclose
+our troubles to each other. Moiselet was very curious to know my
+history, and that which I trumped up was exactly adapted to inspire
+the confidence I wished to create.
+
+"My master and I come to France--I was tomestic--master of mein
+Austrian marechal--Austrian with de gelt in family. Master always
+roving, always gay, joint regiment at Montreau. Montreau, oh, mein
+Gott, great, great pattle--many sleep no more but in death. Napoleon
+coom--poum, poum go gannon. Prusse, Austrian, Rousse all disturb. I,
+too, much disturb. Go on my ways with master mein, with my havresac on
+mein horse--poor teufel was I--but there was gelt in it. Master mein
+say, 'Galop, Fritz.' I called Fritz in home mein. Fritz galop to
+Pondi--there halt Fritz--place havresac not visible; and if I get
+again to Yarmany with havresac, me rich becomen, mistress mein rich,
+father mein rich, you too rich."
+
+Although the narrative was not the cleverest in the world, father
+Moiselet swallowed it all as gospel; he saw well that during the
+battle of Montereau, I had fled with my master's portmanteau, and
+hidden it in the forest of Bondy. The confidence did not astonish him,
+and had the effect of acquiring for me an increase of his affection.
+This augmentation of friendship, after a confession which exposed me
+as a thief, proved to me that he had an accommodating conscience. I
+thenceforth remained convinced that he knew better than any other
+person what had become of the diamonds of M. Senard, and that it only
+depended on him to give me full and accurate information.
+
+One evening, after a good dinner, I was boasting to him of the
+delicacies of the Rhine: he heaved a deep sigh, and then asked me if
+there was good wine in that country.
+
+"Yes, yes," I answered, "goot vine and charming girl."
+
+"Charming girl too!"
+
+"Ya, ya."
+
+"Landsman, shall I go with you."
+
+"Ya, ya, me grat content."
+
+"Ah, you content, well! I quit France, yield the old woman, (he showed
+me by his fingers that Madame Moiselet was three-and-thirty,) and in
+your land I take little girl no more as fifteen years."
+
+"Ya, bien, a girl no infant: a! you is a brave lad."
+
+Moiselet returned more than once to his project of emigration; he
+thought seriously of it, but to emigrate liberty was requisite, and
+they were not inclined to let us go out. I suggested to him that he
+should escape with me on the first opportunity--and when he had
+promised me that we would not separate, not even to take a last adieu
+of his wife, I was certain that I should soon have him in my toils.
+This certainly was the result of very simple reasoning. Moiselet, said
+I to myself, will follow me to Germany: people do not travel or live
+on air: he relies on living well there: he is old, and, like king
+Solomon, proposes to tickle his fancy with some little Abishag of
+Sunem. Oh, father Moiselet has found the _black hen_; here he has no
+money, therefore his black hen is not here; but where is she? We shall
+soon learn, for we are to be henceforward inseparable.
+
+As soon as my man had made all his reflections, and that, with his
+head full of his castles in Germany, he had so soon resolved to
+expatriate himself, I addressed to the king's attorney-general a
+letter, in which, making myself known as the superior agent of the
+Police de Sûreté, I begged him to give an order that I should be sent
+away with Moiselet, he to go to Livry, and I to Paris.
+
+We did not wait long for the order, and the jailer announced it to us,
+on the eve of its being put into execution; and I had the night before
+me to fortify Moiselet in his resolutions. He persisted in them more
+strongly than ever, and acceded with rapture to the proposition I made
+him of effecting an escape from our escort as soon as it was feasible.
+
+So anxious was he to commence his journey, that he could not sleep. At
+daybreak, I gave him to understand that I took him for a thief as well
+as myself.
+
+"Ah, ah, grip also," said I to him, "deep, deep François, you not
+spoken, but tief all as von."
+
+He made me no answer; but when, with my fingers squeezed together _à
+la Normande_, he saw me make a gesture of grasping something, he could
+not prevent himself from smiling, with that bashful expression of
+_Yes_, which he had not courage to utter. The hypocrite had some shame
+about him, the shame of a devotee. I was understood.
+
+At length the wished-for moment of departure came, which was to enable
+us to accomplish our designs. Moiselet was ready three whole hours
+beforehand, and to give him courage, I had not neglected to push about
+the wine and brandy, and he did not leave the prison until after
+having received all his sacraments.
+
+We were tied with a very thin cord, and on our way he made me a signal
+that there would be no difficulty in breaking it. He did not think
+that he should break the charm which had till then preserved him. The
+further we went the more he testified that he placed his hopes of
+safety in me; at each minute he reiterated a prayer that I would not
+abandon him; and I as often replied, "Ya, François, ya, I not leave
+you." At length the decisive moment came, the cord was broken. I
+leaped a ditch, which separated us from a thicket. Moiselet, who
+seemed young again, jumped after me: one of the gendarmes alighted to
+follow us, but to run and jump in jack-boots and with a heavy sword
+was difficult; and whilst he made a circuit to join us, we disappeared
+in a hollow, and were soon lost to view.
+
+A path into which we struck led us to the wood of Vaujours. There
+Moiselet stopped, and having looked carefully about him, went towards
+some bushes. I saw him then stoop, plunge his arm into a thick tuft,
+whence he took out a spade: arising quickly, he went on some paces
+without saying a word; and when we reached a birch tree, several of
+the boughs of which I observed were broken, he took off his hat and
+coat, and began to dig. He went to work with so much good-will, that
+his labour rapidly advanced. Suddenly he stooped down, and then
+escaped from him that ha! which betokens satisfaction, and which
+informed me, without the use of a conjuror's rod, that he had found
+his treasure. I thought the cooper would have fainted; but recovering
+himself, he made two or three more strokes with his spade, and the box
+was exposed to view. I seized on the instrument of his toil, and
+suddenly changing my language, declared, in very good French, that he
+was my prisoner.
+
+"No resistance," I said, "or I will cleave your skull in two."
+
+At this threat he seemed in a dream; but when he knew that he was
+gripped by that iron hand which had subdued the most vigorous
+malefactors, he was convinced that it was no vision. Moiselet was as
+quiet as a lamb. I had sworn not to leave him, and kept my word.
+During the journey to the station of the brigade of gendarmerie, where
+I deposited him, he frequently cried out,
+
+"I am done--who could have thought it? and he had such a simple look
+too!"
+
+At the assizes of Versailles, Moiselet was sentenced to six months'
+solitary confinement.
+
+M. Senard was overpowered with joy at having recovered his hundred
+thousand crowns worth of diamonds. Faithful to his system of
+abatement, he reduced the reward one-half; and still there was
+difficulty in getting five thousand francs from him, out of which I
+had been compelled to expend more than two thousand: in fact, at one
+moment I really thought I should have been compelled to bear the
+expenses myself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+
+
+THE TOYMAN IS ABROAD.
+
+
+  "En fait d'inutilités, il ne faut que le nécessaire."
+
+CHAMPFORT.
+
+
+There is no term in political philosophy more ambiguous and lax in its
+meaning than Luxury. In Ireland, salt with a potato is, by the
+peasant, placed in this category. Among the Cossacks, a clean shirt is
+more than a luxury--it is an effeminacy; and a Scotch nobleman is
+reported to have declared, that the act of scratching one's self is a
+luxury too great for any thing under royalty. The Russians (there is
+no disputing on tastes) hold train-oil to be a prime luxury; and I
+remember seeing a group of them following an exciseman on the quays at
+Dover to plunder the oil casks, as they were successively opened for
+his operations. A poor Finland woman, who for her sins had married an
+Englishman and followed him to this country, was very glad to avail
+herself of her husband's death to leave a land where the people were
+so unhappy as to be without a regular supply of seal's flesh for their
+dinner. While the good man lived, her affection for him somewhat
+balanced her hankering after this native luxury; but no sooner was the
+husband dead, than her lawyer-like propensity re-assumed its full
+force, and, like Proteus released from his chains, she abandoned
+civilized life to get back to her favourite shores, to liberty, and
+the animals of her predilection. "If I were rich," said a poor
+farmer's boy, "I would eat fat pudding, and ride all day on a gate;"
+which was evidently his highest idea of human luxury. But it is less
+with the quality of our indulgences, than their extent, that I have
+now to treat. Diogenes, who prided himself on cutting his coat
+according to his cloth, and thought himself a greater man, in
+proportion as he diminished his wants, placed his luxuries in idleness
+and sunshine, and seems to have relished these enjoyments with as much
+sensuality as Plato did his fine house and delicate fare. Even he was
+more reasonable than those sectarians, who have prevailed in almost
+all religions, and who, believing that the Deity created man for the
+express purpose of inflicting upon him every species of torture, have
+inveighed against the most innocent gratifications, and have erected
+luxury into a deadly sin. These theologians will not allow a man to
+eat his breakfast with a relish; and impute it as a vice if he smacks
+his lips, though it be but after a draught of water. Nay, there have
+been some who have thought good roots and Adam's ale too great
+luxuries for a Christian lawfully to indulge in; and they have
+purposely ill-cooked their vegetables, and mixed them with ashes, and
+even more disgusting things, to mortify the flesh, as they called
+it--i.e. to offer a sacrifice of their natural feelings to the demon
+of which they have made a god.
+
+Of late years, more especially, our ideas on this subject have much
+enlarged; and all ranks of Englishmen hold an infinity of objects as
+prime necessaries, which their more modest ancestors ranked as
+luxuries, fit only for their betters to enjoy. This should be a matter
+of sincere rejoicing to all true patriots; because it affords
+indubitable evidence of the progress of civilization. A civilized
+gentleman differs from a savage, principally in the multiplicity of
+his wants; and Mandeville, in his fable of the bees, has proved to
+demonstration that extravagance is the mother of commerce. What,
+indeed, are steam-engines, macadamized roads, man-traps that break no
+bones, patent cork-screws, and detonating fowling-pieces, safety
+coaches and cork legs, but luxuries, at which a cynic would scoff; yet
+how could a modern Englishman get on without them? It is perfectly
+true that our Henries and Edwards contrived to beat their enemies
+unassisted by these inventions. Books, likewise, which were a luxury
+scarcely known to the wisdom of our ancestors, are a luxury now so
+indispensable, that there is hardly a mechanic who has not his little
+library: while a piano forte also has become as necessary to a
+farm-house as a mangle or a frying-pan; and there are actually more
+copies printed of "Cherry ripe," than of Tull's husbandry. Is not a
+silver fork, moreover, an acknowledged necessary in every decent
+establishment? while the barbarous Mussulman dispenses with knives and
+forks altogether, and eats his meal, like a savage as he is, with his
+fingers. Nor can it be deemed an objection to this hypothesis, that
+the Turk, who rejects all the refinements of European civilization,
+excepting only gunpowder, esteems four wives to be necessary to a
+decent establishment; while the most clear-sighted Englishmen think
+one more than enough for enjoyment. The difference is more formal than
+real.
+
+Henry the fourth of France had but one coach between himself and his
+queen; whereas no respectable person can now dispense at the least
+with a travelling chariot, a barouche, a cab, and a dennet.
+Civilization, which received a temporary check during the
+revolutionary war, has resumed its march in double-quick time since
+the Continent has been opened. Champaigne and ices have now become
+absolute necessaries at tables where a bottle of humble port and a
+supernumerary pudding were esteemed luxuries, fit only for honouring
+the more solemn rites of hospitality. I say nothing of heads of hair,
+and false (I beg pardon--artificial) teeth; without which, at a
+certain age, there is no appearing. A bald head, at the present day,
+is as great an indecency as Humphrey Clinker's unmentionables; and a
+dismantled mouth is an outrage on well-bred society. Then, again, how
+necessary is a cigar and a meerschaum to a well-appointed man of
+fashion, and how can a gentleman possibly show at Melton without at
+least a dozen hunters, and two or three hacks, to ride to cover! Yet
+no one in his senses would tax these things as luxuries; or would
+blame his friend for getting into the King's Bench for their
+indulgence. Even the most austere judges of the land, and the most
+jealous juries of tradesmen, have borne ample testimony to the
+reasonableness of this modern extension of the wants of life, by the
+liberal allowance of necessaries which they have sanctioned in the
+tailors' bills of litigating minors. This liberality, indeed, follows,
+as consequence follows cause. Some one has found, or invented, a story
+of a shipwrecked traveller's hailing the gallows as the sure token of
+a civilized community. But the jest is by no means a _ben trovato_;
+the member of gibbets being inversely as the perfection of social
+institutions; and if any one object, that England, while it is the
+best-governed country in Europe--its envy and admiration--is also a
+hanging community _par excellence_, I must beg to remind him of the
+intense interest which an English public feels in the victims of
+capital punishment, in the Thurtells and the Fauntleroys; as also of
+the universal conviction prevailing in England, that the gallows is a
+short and sure cut to everlasting happiness. From all this, if there
+is any force in logic, we must conclude, that hanging, in this
+country, is only applied _honoris causâ_, as an ovation, in
+consideration of the great and magnanimous daring of the Alexanders
+and Caesars on a small scale, to whom the law adjudges the "palmam qui
+meruit ferat." The real and true test of a refined polity is not the
+gallows; but is to be found rather in such well-imagined insolvent
+laws, as discharge a maximum of debt with a minimum of assets; and rid
+a gentleman annually of his duns, with the smallest possible quantity
+of corporeal inconvenience. When luxuries become necessaries,
+insolvency is the best safety-valve to discharge the surplus
+dishonesty of the people, which, if pent up, would explode in
+dangerous overt acts of crime and violence; and it should be
+encouraged accordingly.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.
+
+
+The only notice which occurs of "The Last of the Plantagenets" is,
+says the author of a Romance with the above name, in Peck's
+"Desiderata Curiosa," where a letter is inserted from Dr. Brett to Dr.
+Warren, the president of Trinity Hall, in which he says that, calling
+on Lord Winchilsea in 1720, his lordship pointed out to him this entry
+in the register of Eastwell--"Anno 1550, Rycharde Plantagenet was
+buryed the 22nd daye of December;" beyond this, not a word is known of
+him excepting what tradition affords, which, with some slight
+variations, for there are two versions of his history, is as
+follows:--When Sir Thomas Moyle built Eastwell, he observed that his
+principal bricklayer, whenever he quitted his work, retired with a
+book, a circumstance which attracted his attention, and on inquiry he
+found he was reading Latin: he then told Sir Thomas his secret, which
+was, that he was boarded with a Latin schoolmaster, without knowing
+who were his relations, until he was fifteen or sixteen; that he was
+occasionally visited by a gentleman who provided for his expenses;
+that this person one day took him to a fine house where he was
+presented to a gentleman handsomely drest, wearing a "star and
+garter," who gave him money, and conducted him back to school; that
+some time afterwards the same gentleman came to him, and took him into
+Leicestershire and to Bosworth Field, when he was carried to king
+Richard's tent; that the king embraced him, told him he was his son;
+adding, "Child, to-morrow, I must fight for my crown; and assure
+yourself, if I lose that, I will lose my life too, but I hope to
+preserve both, do you stand in such a place (pointing to the spot)
+where you may see the battle, out of danger, and when I have gained
+the victory come to me. I will then own you to be mine, and take care
+of you: but if I should lose the battle, then shift as well as you
+can, and take care to let nobody know that I am your father, for no
+mercy will be shown to any one so nearly related to me;" that the king
+gave him a purse of gold and dismissed him; that he followed those
+directions, and when he saw the battle was lost and the king slain, he
+hastened to London, sold his horse and his fine clothes, and the
+better to conceal himself from all suspicion of being the son of a
+king, and that he might gain a livelihood, he put himself apprentice
+to a bricklayer, and generally spent his spare time in reading. Sir
+Thomas, finding him very old, is said to have offered him _the run of
+his kitchen_, which he declined, on the ground of his patron having a
+large family; but asked his permission to build a small house in one
+of his fields, and this being granted, he built a cottage, and
+continued in it till his death.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANTIQUITIES BURLESQUED.
+
+
+We have often been amused with the different wonders of ancient Rome,
+but seldom more than with the following piece of antiquarianism
+burlesqued:--
+
+M. Simond, in his Tour in Italy and Sicily, tells us that the Coliseum
+is too ruinous--that the Egyptian Museum in the Vatican puts him in
+mind of the five wigs in the barber Figaro's shop-window--that the
+Apollo Belvidere looks like a broken-backed young gentleman shooting
+at a target for the amusement of young ladies. Speaking of the
+Etruscan vases, he says, "As to the alleged elegance of form, I should
+be inclined to appeal from the present to succeeding generations, when
+the transformation of every pitcher, milk-pot and butter-pan, into an
+antique shape, has completely burlesqued away the classical feeling,
+and restored impartiality to taste."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+About six or seven-and-twenty years ago, an effort was made to revive
+the fashion of ladies visiting the House of Commons. The late Queen
+Caroline, then Princess of Wales, upon one or two occasions made her
+appearance, with a female attendant, in the side-gallery. The royal
+visit soon became generally known, and several other females were
+tempted to follow the example. Among these was Mrs. Sheridan, the wife
+of the late Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan; but this lady,
+considering herself an intruder, to whose presence, if known,
+exception might be taken, thought fit to disguise her person in male
+attire. Her fine dark hair was combed smooth on her forehead, and made
+to sit close, in good puritanical trim, while a long, loose, brown
+coat concealed her feminine proportions. Thus prepared, she took her
+seat in the Strangers' Gallery, anxious to witness a display of her
+husband's eloquence; but he did not speak, and the debate proved
+without any interest. The female aspirants whose taste was thus
+excited, were, however, confined to a few blue-stocking belles,
+without influence to set the fashion; and the attempt did not succeed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOCHA.
+
+
+The buildings of Mocha are so white, that it seems as if excavated
+from a quarry of marble; and this whiteness of the town forms a
+curious contrast with the blueness of the sea. The materials, however,
+of which Mocha is constructed, are nothing better than unburnt bricks,
+plastered over, and whitewashed. The coffee bean is cultivated in the
+interior, and is thence brought to Mocha for exportation. The Arabs
+themselves use the husks, which make but an inferior infusion.
+Vegetables are grown round the town, and fruits are brought from
+Senna; while grain, horses, asses, and sheep, are imported from
+Abyssinia. There are twelve schools in the town; and, inland, near
+Senna, there are colleges, in which the twelve branches of Mohomedan
+sciences are taught, as is usual in Turkey and India. Arab women marry
+about the age of sixteen; they are allowed great liberty in visiting
+one another, and can divorce their husbands on very slight grounds.
+Every lady who pays a visit, carries a small bag of coffee with her,
+which enables "her to enjoy society without putting her friends to
+expense."--_Lushington's Journey from Calcutta to Europe._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+Every one acquainted with the public press of Europe, must have
+observed the contrast which a London Newspaper forms with the journals
+of every other capital in Europe. The foreign journals never break in
+upon the privacy of domestic life. There the fame of parties and
+dinners is confined to the rooms which constitute their scene, and the
+names of the individuals who partake of them never travel out of their
+own circle. How widely different is the practice of the London
+Journals! A lady of fashion can find no place so secret where she can
+hide herself from their search. They follow her from town to country,
+from the country to the town. They trace her from the breakfast-table
+to the Park, from the Park to the dinner-table, from thence to the
+Opera or the ball, and from her boudoir to her bed. They trace her
+every where. She may make as many doubles as a hare, but they are all
+in vain; it is impossible to escape pursuit; and yet the introduction
+of female names into the daily newspapers, now so common, is only of
+modern date.
+
+The late Sir Henry Dudley Bate, editor of _The Morning Herald_, was
+the first person who introduced females into the columns of a
+newspaper. He was at the time editor of _The Morning Post_.-- _New
+Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REFLECTION IN A FLOWER GARDEN.
+
+
+  I hate the flower whose wanton breast[9]
+    Awaits the sun at morn and noon,
+  And when he's hid behind the west,
+    As gaily flaunteth with the moon.
+
+  Mine be the flower of virgin leaf,
+    That when its sire has left the plain,
+  Wraps up its charms in silent grief,
+    Nor ope's them till he comes again.
+
+E.K.
+
+    [9] There be some flowers that do remain quite unclosed, during
+        not only the day, but during also the night. There be others
+        which do likewise open during the day, albeit when night
+        cometh, they close themselves up until the sun do appear,
+        when they again ope their beautifulness.--_Old Botanist_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A "THIN NIGHT" AT VAUXHALL.
+
+
+There were fewer audience than performers, and those made up of
+fellows evidently not in the habit of shirt-wearing; of women there
+were very few-- of ladies none; the fireworks were bad and brief, and
+the waterworks the most absurd affair I ever beheld; the thing was
+overdone. To the people who would like to go to Vauxhall in fine
+weather, second-rate Italian singing and broken down English prima
+donnas are no inducement, a bad ballet in a booth has no attraction,
+and an attempt at variety mars the whole affair. Vauxhall is a
+delightful place to go to in fine weather with a pleasant party; give
+us space to walk, light up that space, and shelter us from the
+elements, set the military bands to play popular airs, and we ask no
+more for our four or five shillings, or whatever it is; but the moment
+tumbling is established in various parts of the garden, and the whole
+thing is made a sort of Bartholomew Fair, the object of breathing a
+little fresher air, and hearing ourselves talk is ended; crowds of
+raffs in boots and white neckcloths attended by their dowdy damsels
+and waddling wives, rush from one place to another, helter skelter,
+knocking over the few quiet people to whom the "sights" are a novelty;
+turning what in the days of the late Lady Castlereagh, the present
+Duchess of Bedford, the first Duchess of Devonshire, and the last
+Duchess of Gordon (but one) was a delightful reunion of fashion, into
+a tea-garden (without tea) or a bear-garden--not without
+bears.--_Sharpe's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND LORD NOEL BYRON.
+
+
+It is a singular coincidence, not unworthy of remark, that the
+initials of two of the most singular men of their own, and perhaps of
+any age, the Emperor Napoleon of France, and Lord Noel Byron of
+England, used the same letters as an abbreviation of their name, N.B.
+which likewise denotes _Nota Bene_. It was not the habit of either to
+affix his name to letters, but merely N.B.--R.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE _FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED_:
+
+                                      _s_.  _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling           0     6
+  Paul and Virginia                    0     6
+  The Castle of Otranto                0     6
+  Almoran and Hamet                    0     6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia  0     6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne   0     6
+  Rasselas                             0     8
+  The Old English Baron                0     8
+  Nature and Art                       0     8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield       0    10
+  Sicilian Romance                     0    10
+  The Man of the World                 1     0
+  A Simple Story                       1     4
+  Joseph Andrews                       1     6
+  Humphry Clinker                      1     8
+  The Romance of the Forest            1     8
+  The Italian                          2     0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Roderick Random                      2     6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho             3     6
+  Peregrine Pickle                     4     6
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11332 ***
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+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+    <title>
+      The Mirror of Literature, Issue 381.
+    </title>
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+  <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11332 ***</div>
+
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a id="page33" name="page33"></a>[pg
+    33]</span>
+    <h1>
+      THE MIRROR<br />
+       OF<br />
+       LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+    </h1>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left">
+          <b>VOL. XIV. NO. 381.]</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="center">
+          <b>SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1829.</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+      <a href="images/381-1.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/381-1.png" alt="Apsley House" /></a>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      THE MANSION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The town mansions of our nobility are generally beneath all
+      architectural criticism; and it has been pertinently observed
+      that "an educated foreigner is quite astonished when shown
+      the residences of our higher nobility and gentry in the
+      British capital. He has heard speak of some great nobleman,
+      with a revenue equal to that of a principality. He feels a
+      curiosity to look at his palace, and he is shown a plain,
+      common, brick house of forty or fifty feet in extent." These
+      observations were made about three years ago, since which
+      period, the spirit of architectural improvement has been fast
+      extending from public buildings to individual mansions. Among
+      the latter, the renovation or encasement of Apsley House, at
+      Hyde Park Corner, with a fine stone front, is entitled to
+      foremost notice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This splendid improvement is from the designs of Benjamin
+      Wyatt, Esq. and is of the Palladian style. The basement story
+      is rusticated, and the principal front has a handsome
+      pediment supported by four columns of the Corinthian order. A
+      bold cornice extends on all sides, which are decorated at the
+      angles with Corinthian pilasters. The whole has an air of
+      substantial elegance, and is in extremely good taste, if we
+      except the door and window cases, which we are disposed to
+      think rather too small. The Piccadilly front is enclosed with
+      a rich bronzed palisade between leaved pillars, being in
+      continuation of the classical taste of the entrance gates to
+      Hyde Park, and the superb entrance to the Royal Gardens on
+      the opposite side of the road. Throughout the whole, the
+      chaste Grecian honey-suckle is introduced with very pleasing
+      effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Besides the new frontage, Apsley House has been considerably
+      enlarged, and a slip of ground from Hyde Park added to the
+      gardens. The ball-room, extending the whole depth of the
+      mansion, is one of the most magnificent <i>salons</i> in the
+      metropolis; and a picture gallery is in progress. Altogether,
+      the improvement is equally honourable to the genius of the
+      architect, and the taste of the illustrious proprietor of the
+      mansion; for no foreigner can gainsay that Apsley House has
+      the befitting splendour of a ducal, nay even of a royal
+      palace.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page34" name="page34"></a>[pg
+      34]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WATLING STREET.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There has been much discussion among antiquaries respecting
+      the etymology of an ancient Roman road, called the Watling
+      Street Way, which commencing from Dover, traces its course to
+      London, St. Alban's, Weedon, over <i>Bensford
+      Bridge</i>,<a id="footnotetag1"
+      name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+      High Cross, Atherstone, Wall, Wroxeter, and Chester, from
+      which last place a branch appears to point in nearly a
+      straight direction through St. Asaph to Segontium, or Caer
+      Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course
+      from Wroxeter to Manchester, York, Lancaster, Kendal, and
+      Cockermouth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hoveden thinks it was called the Watling Street from Wathe,
+      or Wathla, a British king. Spelman fancies it was called
+      Werlam Street, from its passing through Verulam. Somner
+      derives the name from the Belgic Wentelen, <i>volvere,
+      versare se, a sinuosis flexibus</i>. Baxter contends that it
+      was made by the original Britons, Weteling, or Oedeling
+      signifying in their language, <i>originarius civis vel
+      ingenuus</i>. Stukeley's opinion, in which he is joined by
+      Whitaker, the Manchester historian, is, that it was the
+      Guetheling road&mdash;Sarn Guethelin, or the road of the
+      Irish, the G being pronounced as a W. Dr. Wilkes says, that
+      it is more indented and crooked than other Roman Roads
+      usually are, and supposes that it was formed of
+      <i>Wattles</i>, which was the idea also of Pointer. Mr. Duff
+      is not pleased with the opinion of Camden, that it derives
+      its name from an unknown <i>Vitellianus</i>, but conjectures
+      that its etymology is from the Saxon <i>Wadla</i>, a poor
+      man, a beggar, because such people resorted to this road for
+      the charity of travellers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among so many crude and discordant opinions, I shall
+      endeavour to substitute another more consistent with the true
+      etymology of the word. I agree with the historian of
+      Manchester, that the Roman stations were prior to the roads,
+      and that the latter were only the channels of communication
+      to the former. The stations commenced during the conquest of
+      the country, and all of them were completed at the conclusion
+      of it. The roads therefore could not be constructed till the
+      first or second summer after the stations were established.
+      Whoever has attentively observed the line or direction of the
+      Watling Street, must be convinced of the truth of the
+      foregoing observations; and the deviation from a straight
+      line, which in many parts is so apparent, and so evidently
+      made to enable the Romans to pass from one station to
+      another, may be considered conclusive upon this point. I
+      therefore have no hesitation in asserting, that the Watling
+      Street Way is a Roman road, and probably planned and formed
+      by Vespasian, the celebrated Roman general in Britain, who
+      named this road in compliment to the emperor, <i>Vitellius,
+      Vitellii Strata Via</i>, Watling Street Way. Suetonius, in
+      his <i>Life of Vespasian</i>, says, (chapter 4,) "<i>Claudio
+      principe, Narcissi grati&acirc;, legatus in Germaniam missus
+      est (Vespasianus;) inde in Britanniam translatus, tricies cum
+      hoste conflixit. Duas validissimas gentes, superq viginti
+      oppida, et insulam Vectam Britanniae proximam, in deditionem
+      redegit, partim Auli Plautii legati, partim Claudii ipsius
+      ductu. Quare triumphalia ornamenta, et in spatio brevi,
+      duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum, quem gessit
+      per duos novissimos anni menses.</i>" Or, "In the reign of
+      Claudius, by the interest of Narcissus,<a id="footnotetag2"
+      name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+      he (Vespasian) was sent lieutenant general of a legion into
+      Germany, from whence being removed into Britain, he engaged
+      the enemy in thirty distinct battles, and subjected to the
+      power of the Romans two very strong nations, and above twenty
+      great towns, and the Isle of Wight, upon the coast of
+      Britain, partly under the command of Aulus Plautius, and
+      partly under that of Claudius himself. In reward for these
+      noble services he received the triumphal ornaments, and in a
+      short time after, two priest's offices, besides the
+      consulship, which he held for the two last months of the
+      year."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The same author, in his Life of Vitellius, seems to
+      strengthen or rather establish the conjecture of its being
+      the <i>Vitellii Strata Via</i>, for he says, (chapter 1,)
+      "<i>indicia, stirpis (Vitelliorum) diu mansisse, Viam
+      Vitelliam ab Janiculo ad mare usque, item coloniam ejusdem
+      nominis.</i>" Or, "Some monuments of the family continued a
+      long time, as the <i>Vitellian Way</i>, reaching from the
+      Janiculum to the sea, and likewise a colony of that name."
+      From the abovementioned extracts, it seems not improbable
+      that one of the thirty battles mentioned by Suetonius, might
+      have been fought during the time the Romans were forming this
+      road through the Forest of Arden,
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page35" name="page35"></a>[pg
+      35]</span> which extended from Henley, in Warwickshire, to
+      Market Harborough, in Leicestershire; and that it was called
+      in compliment to Vitellius, the <i>Vitellian Way</i>,
+      afterwards corrupted to the <i>Watling Way</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This road from the Avon, which it passes at Dove Bridge, to
+      the Anker, near Atherstone, forms the boundary between the
+      counties of Leicester and Warwick. In the month of June,
+      1824, numerous skulls and bones were discovered in a line
+      from the intersection of the road that leads from Rugby to
+      Lutterworth, with the Watling Street to Benones or Bensford
+      Bridge, the distance not being more than half a mile. These
+      bones were lying about two feet below the surface of the
+      ground. Many fragments of shields, spear heads, knives, and a
+      sword,<a id="footnotetag3"
+      name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>
+      placed by the side of a skeleton, and at one end touching a
+      funereal urn,<a id="footnotetag4"
+      name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+      and likewise several drinking cups, or small vessels,
+      apparently formed of half-baked clay, with clasps both of
+      silver and brass, were found within the abovementioned
+      distance. On the contrary side of the road were discovered
+      beads, glass, and amber, but neither urns, spear-heads, or
+      fragments of shields; these relics, therefore, probably
+      belonged to the Britons, who fell encountering the Romans, to
+      prevent their forming a road through the Forest of Arden.
+      There can be little doubt of a battle having been here
+      fought, from the bones, urns, and tumuli discovered here and
+      in the adjacent neighbourhood. "In this parish (Church
+      Over,") says Dugdale, "upon the old Roman Way, called Watling
+      Strete, is to be seen a very great tumulus, which is of that
+      magnitude, that it puts travellers beside the usual road,"
+      and a <i>Letter</i> from Elias Ashmole to Sir Wm.
+      Dugdale,<a id="footnotetag5"
+      name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>
+      states, "that about a mile from hence (that is from Holywell
+      Abbey, now the site of Caves Inn,) there is a tumulus raised
+      in the very middle of the high way, which methought was worth
+      observing." This tumulus, in an ancient deed, is called the
+      Pilgrim's Low. It was removed in making the turnpike-road
+      from Banbury to Lutterworth, about the year 1770. In the
+      plantations of Abraham Grimes, Esq., within half a mile of
+      the site of the former, is another tumulus of smaller
+      dimensions, adjoining the road which leads from Rugby to
+      Lutterworth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were probably raised in honour of some military chiefs
+      who were slain in the battle.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Si quid novisti rectius istis
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      R.R.B.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE PENDRILLS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I beg to correct the statement of <i>W.W.</i> in vol. xiii.
+      page 419, respecting this family. It is true that the pension
+      did not expire at Richard Pendrill's death&mdash;and it is
+      also true that Dr. Pendrill died about the time as therein
+      stated&mdash;but his son, John Pendrill, died at his own
+      residence, near the Seahouses, Eastbourne, last year only,
+      (1828,) leaving issue, one son by his first wife, (named
+      John,) and one son and three daughters by his second wife;
+      his first son, John, now enjoys the pension of 100 marks, and
+      is residing at the Gloucester Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, in
+      sound health. The privilege granted to this family under the
+      title of "Free Warren," is the liberty of shooting, hunting,
+      fishing, &amp;c. upon any of the King's manors, and upon the
+      manor on which the party enjoying this pension might reside;
+      and I am informed that a certain noble lord made some yearly
+      payment or gift to the deceased, John, not to exercise that
+      privilege on his manor in Sussex. The pension is payable out
+      of, or secured upon, lands in four different counties,
+      Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and
+      Warwickshire, and entitles the party enjoying it to a vote in
+      each of these counties; but whether this has been acted upon,
+      I cannot possibly say. I have seen in the possession of a
+      branch of this loyal family, only a few days ago, a scarce
+      print of the arms, &amp;c. published in 1756, under the
+      regulation of the act of parliament; besides other prints on
+      the subject. This family, <i>being commoners</i>, is I
+      believe, the only one which have
+      supporters.<a id="footnotetag6"
+      name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a>
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      C.C.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE FRIENDS OF THE DEAD.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          They've seen him laid, all cold and low;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          They've flung the flat stone o'er his breast:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And Summer's sun, and Winter's snow
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          May never mar his dreamless rest!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          They've left him to his long decay;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The banner waves above his head:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Funereal is their rich array,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But hark! how speak they of the dead.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <span class="pagenum"><a id="page36" name="page36"></a>[pg
+        36]</span>
+        <p>
+          In his own hall, they've pledg'd to him
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          'Mid mirth, and minstrelsy divine;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When, at the crystal goblet's brim
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Hath flash'd, the od'rous rosy wine;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When viands from all lands afar
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Have grac'd the shining, sumptuous board,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And <i>now</i>, they'd prove their vaunted star,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The Cobbold, of his priceless hoard.<a id="footnotetag7"
+          name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Hark! how they scandalize the <i>dead</i>!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          They spake not thus,&mdash;(their patron <i>here</i>)
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When they were proud to break his bread,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To watch his faintest smile, and fear
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His latent frown; they did not speak
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Of vices, follies, meanness: <i>then</i>
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          A <i>crime</i> in him, had been, "the freak
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Of youth," and "worthiest <i>he</i>, of men!"
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Off with those garbs of woe, <i>false</i> friends!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Those sadden'd visages, all feign'd!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Or have ye yet, some golden ends
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To be, by Death's own liv'ries gain'd?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <i>Ye</i> mourn the dead forsooth! who say
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          That which should shame the lordly hall
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His late ancestral home! Away!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And dream that he hath <i>heard</i> it all!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      M.L.B.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Cosmopolite.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FOOD OF VARIOUS NATIONS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>Conclusion</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The diet of the <i>Frenchman</i>, is chiefly vegetable, and
+      his <i>frogs</i> are rarities reserved for the delectation of
+      the opulent, and answering, in some degree, to the brains and
+      tongues of singing-birds amongst ancient epicures; since,
+      after being subjected to a peculiar process of fattening and
+      purifying, only the legs of these animals are eaten. Light
+      wines, beer, sugar and water, strong coffee, and a variety of
+      delicious liqueurs, are drunk by the French, but they have
+      shown themselves capable of conforming to the English taste
+      in a relish for stronger potations. <i>Spaniards</i> of all
+      ranks, use fruit, vegetables, fish, and olives, for their
+      principal diet, and oil and garlic are used plentifully in
+      their culinary operations; chocolate is their chief beverage,
+      but at dinner ladies drink nothing but water, and gentlemen a
+      little wine. The fare of the <i>Portuguese</i> peasantry is
+      meagre in the extreme, although, they are, in fact,
+      surrounded with the abundant luxuries of nature; a piece of
+      black bread and a pickled pilchard, or head of garlic, is
+      their usual subsistence, but a salted cod is a feast. In
+      <i>Italy</i>, ice-water and lemonade are luxuries essential
+      to the existence of all classes, and the inferior ones, who
+      never inebriate themselves with spirituous liquors, can
+      procure them at a cheap rate; macaroni and fruit are chief
+      articles of food, but the Italians are great gourmands, and
+      delight in dishes swimming in oil, which, to an English ear,
+      sounds very disgustingly; however, it must be remembered,
+      that oil in Italy is so pure and fresh, that it answers every
+      purpose of our newest butter. A gentleman who had resided
+      some time in this country, informs us, that by the Italians,
+      <i>puppy-broth</i> was reckoned a sovereign remedy in some
+      slight indispositions, and that he has constantly seen in the
+      markets young dogs skinned for sale. Of the <i>Turks</i>, the
+      ordinary food is rice, sometimes boiled with gravy, and
+      sometimes made into <i>pilan</i>; a kind of curry composed of
+      mutton and fowl stewed to rags, and highly seasoned gravy.
+      This is eaten with their fingers, since they have neither
+      knives nor forks, and the Koran prohibits the use of gold and
+      silver spoons. Coffee and sherbet are their ordinary
+      beverages, and by the higher classes of "the faithful," wine
+      is drunk in private, but an intoxication of a singular and
+      destructive description, is produced by opium, which the
+      Turks chew in immoderate quantities. The food of the
+      <i>Circassians</i> consists of a little meat, millet-paste,
+      and a kind of beer fermented from millet. The <i>Tartars</i>
+      are not fond of beef and veal, but admire horse-flesh; they
+      prefer to drink, before any thing else, mare's milk, and
+      produce from it, by keeping it in sour skins, a strong spirit
+      termed <i>koumiss</i>. The <i>Jakutians</i> (a Tartar tribe)
+      esteem horse-flesh as the greatest possible dainty; they eat
+      raw the fat of horses and oxen, and drink melted butter with
+      avidity; but bread is rare. The favourite food of the
+      <i>Kalmuc Tartars</i> is horse-flesh, eaten raw sometimes,
+      but commonly dried in the sun; dogs, cats, rats, marmots, and
+      other small animals and vermin are also eaten by them; but
+      neither vegetables, bread nor fruits; and they drink koumiss;
+      than which, scarcely any thing can be more disgusting,
+      except, perhaps, that beverage of the South Sea islanders,
+      prepared by means of leaves being masticated by a large
+      company, and spit into a bowl of water. The diet of the
+      <i>Kamtschatdales</i>, is chiefly fish, variously prepared;
+      <i>huigal</i>, which is neither more nor less than fish laid
+      in a pit until <i>putrid</i>, is a <i>luxury</i> with this
+      people! They are fond of caviar, made of roes of fish, and
+      scarcely less disgusting than huigal. A pound of dry caviar
+      will last a Kamtschatdale
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page37" name="page37"></a>[pg
+      37]</span> on a journey for a considerable time, since he
+      finds bread to eat with it in the bark of every birch and
+      elder he meets with. These people boil the fat of the whale
+      and walrus with roots of <i>setage</i>. A principal dish at
+      their feasts, consists of various roots and berries pounded
+      with caviar, and mixed with the melted fat of whale and seal.
+      They are fond of spirits, but commonly drink water. For the
+      <i>Arabs</i>, lizards and locusts, afford food, but with
+      better articles. The <i>Persians</i> live like the Turks, or
+      nearly so, but for the want of spoons, knives, and forks,
+      their feasts, if the provisions are good in themselves, are
+      disgusting; besides which, the <i>sofera</i>, or cloth on
+      which the dinner is spread, is, from a superstitious notion
+      that changing is unlucky, so intolerably dirty and offensive
+      in odour, that the stranger can scarcely endure to sit beside
+      it. With the <i>Chinese</i>, rice is the "staff of life," but
+      all kinds of animal food are eagerly devoured; and pedlars
+      offering for sale rats, cats, and dogs, may be seen in the
+      streets of Chinese towns. It is uncertain whether a depraved
+      taste or lack of superior animal food, induces a really
+      civilized people to devour such flesh. Weak tea, without
+      sugar, or milk, is the common beverage of the Chinese; in the
+      use of ardent spirits they are moderate. The <i>Peguese</i>,
+      worshipping crocodiles, will drink no water but from the
+      ditches wherein those creatures abound, and consequently are
+      frequently devoured by them. The <i>Siamese</i>, besides a
+      variety of superior food, eat rats, lizards, and some kinds
+      of insects. The <i>Battas</i> of Sumatra, prefer <i>human
+      flesh</i> to all other, and speak with rapture of the soles
+      of the feet and palms of the hands. Warm water is the usual
+      beverage of the <i>Manilla</i> islanders. The
+      <i>Japanese</i>, amongst other things, drink a kind of beer
+      distilled from rice, and called <i>sacki</i>; it is kept
+      constantly warm, and drunk after every morsel they eat.
+      Cocoa-nut milk and water, is the common beverage of the
+      natives of the <i>New Hebrides</i>. In <i>New Caledonia</i>
+      so great is the scarcity of food, that the natives make
+      constant war for the sake of eating their prisoners, and
+      sometimes, to assuage the cravings of hunger, they bind
+      ligatures tightly round their bodies and swallow oleaginous
+      earth. The <i>New Zealanders</i> are cannibals sometimes in a
+      dearth, and to gratify a spirit of vengeance against their
+      enemies. The <i>New Hollanders</i>, near the sea, subsist on
+      fish eaten raw, or nearly so; should a whale be cast ashore,
+      it is never abandoned until its bones are picked; their
+      substitute for bread, and that which forms their chief
+      subsistence, is a species of fern roasted, pounded between
+      stones, and mixed with fish. The general beverage of the
+      negro tribes is palm-wine. No disgust is evinced by the
+      <i>Bosjesman Hottentots</i> at the most nauseous food, and
+      having shot an animal with a poisoned arrow, their only
+      precaution, previous to tearing it in pieces and devouring it
+      raw, is to cut out the envenomed part. Half a dozen
+      Bosjesmans, will eat a fat sheep in an hour; they use no
+      salt, and seldom drink anything, probably from the succulent
+      nature of their food. The <i>Caffres</i> live chiefly on
+      milk; they have no poultry, nor do they eat eggs. When flesh
+      is boiled, each member of a family helps himself from the
+      kettle with a pointed stick, and eats it in his hand. Their
+      substitute for bread, which is made of Caffre-corn, a sort of
+      millet, is the pith of a palm, indigenous to the country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Lattakoos</i> eat, with equal zest, the flesh of
+      elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers, giraffes, quaggas, &amp;c.;
+      and sometimes, under an idea that it confers valour, human
+      flesh, of which they have otherwise great abhorrence. They
+      are very disgusting in their manner of preparing food. The
+      <i>Abyssinians</i> usually eat the flesh of cattle raw, and
+      sometimes, although we believe the fact has been much
+      controverted, immediately as it is cut from the living
+      animals. The <i>Bisharye</i>, a tribe of Bedouin Arabs, eat
+      raw flesh, drink raw sheep's blood, and esteem the raw marrow
+      of camels their greatest dainty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Patagonians</i> eat raw flesh with no regard to
+      cleanliness. The <i>Greenlanders</i> subsist on fish, seals,
+      and sea-fowls, prepared and devoured in manners truly
+      disgusting; train-oil is their sauce, and the blood of seals,
+      their favourite beverage! Some of the <i>North American
+      Indians</i> diet on the flesh of the sea-dog, parts of the
+      whale and its fat, and an oil made of the blubber of both of
+      these animals. Whilst, singular is the contrast, some of the
+      <i>South American</i> tribes, are able to digest monkeys,
+      blackened in, and dried by fire, to such a degree of
+      wood-like hardness, as to be rendered capable of keeping, we
+      dare not say how long.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Chacun &agrave; son gout</i>, says one proverb, but we
+      trust that the readers of this paper will, whenever they feel
+      themselves inclined to quarrel with <i>English</i> fare,
+      pause, and remember, another, viz.:&mdash;"A man may go
+      further and fare worse."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      M.L.B
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page38" name="page38"></a>[pg
+      38]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      Manners &amp; Customs of all Nations.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      SINGULAR TENURE.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Among the records in the Tower of London, is one to the
+      following effect:&mdash;King John gave several lands at
+      Kipperton and Alterton, in Kent, to Solomon Atlefield to be
+      held by this service:&mdash;"That as often as the King should
+      please to cross the sea, the said Solomon or his heirs,
+      should be obliged to go with him, to hold his majesty's head
+      if there be occasion for it;" that is, should his majesty be
+      sea-sick. And it appears by the record, that this same office
+      of head-holding was accordingly performed afterwards, in the
+      reign of Edward the First.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      R.S.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The custom of the manor of Woodford, Essex, is
+      <i>Borough-English</i>, by which the youngest son inherits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The origin of this custom has been a subject of much dispute;
+      but it appears to have prevailed greatly among the East
+      Saxons. Dr. Plot conjectured, that it was introduced by the
+      lord of the manor's claiming the right of enjoying the bride,
+      daughter of his tenant, on the wedding-night; therefore the
+      villain or slave, doubting whether the eldest son was his
+      own, made the youngest his heir. This custom prevailed among
+      the Ancient Britons before there were either Saxons or
+      villains.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the laws of succession among the Ancient Britons, a man's
+      land at his death did not descend to his eldest son, but was
+      equally divided among all his sons; and when any dispute
+      arose, it was determined by the Druids. The youngest son, it
+      appears, was more favoured than the eldest or any of his
+      brothers. "When the brothers have divided their father's
+      estate, the youngest shall have the best house, with all the
+      office-houses, the implements of husbandry, his father's
+      kettle, his axe for cutting wood, and his knife. These three
+      last things the father cannot give away by gift, nor leave by
+      his last will to any but his youngest son, and if they are
+      pledged they shall be redeemed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To account for this law is not very difficult. The elder
+      brothers of a family were supposed to have left their
+      father's house before his death, and obtained a house and
+      necessaries of their own; but the youngest, by reason of his
+      tender age, was considered as more helpless, and not so well
+      provided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Halbert H.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      STORM RAISING
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The dread of storm raisers is universally prevalent amongst
+      the Italian peasantry, and especially in mountainous
+      districts. A Danish botanist, journeying alone upon an ass
+      through the mountains of Abruzzi, was involved in several
+      perilous adventures by this superstitious terror of the
+      peasantry. They had for some time seen him collecting plants
+      amongst the unfrequented cliffs and ravines, and watched his
+      proceedings with suspicious curiosity. A few days later their
+      district was ravaged by a succession of storms, their
+      suspicions grew into certainty, and, assembling in
+      considerable numbers, they attacked the unconscious botanist
+      with a volley of stones, and cursed him as a storm-raising
+      enchanter. He made vehement protestations of his innocence,
+      but the enraged peasants took forcible possession of his
+      collection, which they minutely examined. Finding only some
+      harmless leaves and blossoms, and no roots, their fury
+      abated, and, although it was suggested by some that he had
+      probably used the roots in his incantations, the unfortunate
+      herbalist was at length dismissed with fierce menaces, that
+      if he dared to take a single root from the ground, it would
+      cost him his life. In the mountains near Rome, the peasants
+      regard with suspicion a singular costume, a stern cast of
+      countenance, or any striking personal formation, in the
+      strangers who arrive there. All travellers, thus peculiarly
+      marked, are supposed to be enchanters and treasure-seekers,
+      and the young Germans, in their black dresses, untrimmed
+      beards, and long hair, are especial objects of
+      suspicion.&mdash;<i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      NEAPOLITAN SUPERSTITION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The Neapolitan sailors never go to sea without a box of small
+      images or puppets, some of which are patron saints, inherited
+      from their progenitors, while others are more modern, but of
+      tried efficacy in the hour of peril. When a storm overtakes
+      the vessel, the sailors leave her to her fate, and bring upon
+      deck the box of saints, one of which is held up, and loudly
+      prayed to for assistance. The storm, however, increases, and
+      the obstinate or powerless saint is vehemently abused, and
+      thrown upon the deck. Others are held up, prayed to, abused,
+      and thrown down in succession, until the heavens become more
+      propitious. The storm abates, all danger disappears, the
+      saint last prayed to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page39"
+      name="page39"></a>[pg 39]</span> acquires the reputation of
+      miraculous efficacy, and, after their return to Naples, is
+      honoured with prayers.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Naturalist.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      LENGTH AND FINENESS OF THE SILKWORM'S WEB, &amp;c.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Baker in <i>The Microscope made Easy</i>, says, "A silkworm's
+      web being examined, appeared perfectly smooth and shining,
+      every where equal, and much finer than any thread the best
+      spinster in the world can make, as the smallest twine is
+      finer than the thickest cable. A pod of this silk being wound
+      off, was found to contain 930 yards; but it is proper to take
+      notice, that as two threads are glewed together by the worm
+      through its whole length, it makes double the above number,
+      or 1,860 yards; which being weighed with the utmost
+      exactness, were found no heavier than two grains and a half.
+      What an exquisite fineness is here! and yet, this is nothing
+      when compared with the web of a small spider, or even with
+      the silk that issued from the mouth of this very worm, when
+      but newly hatched from the egg."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Under the article <i>Silk</i>, in <i>Rees's Cyclopaedia</i>,
+      the writer says, "that those who have examined it
+      attentively, think they speak within compass, when they
+      affirm that each ball contains silk enough to reach the
+      length of <i>six</i> English miles."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Baker tells us, "not to neglect the <i>skins</i> these
+      animals cast off three times before they begin to spin; for
+      the eyes, mouth, teeth, ornaments of the head, and many other
+      parts may be discovered better in the <i>cast</i>-off skins
+      than in the real animal."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      P.T.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      CUCKOO
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Jerdan, editor of the <i>Literary Gazette</i>, in a
+      letter to Mr. Loudon, says, "about fifteen years ago I
+      obtained a cuckoo from the nest of (I think) a hedge sparrow,
+      at Old Brompton, where I then resided. It was rather curious,
+      as being within ten yards of my house, Cromwell Cottage, and
+      in a narrow and much frequented lane, leading from near
+      Gloucester Lodge to Kensington. This bird I reared and kept
+      alive till late in January; when it fell suddenly from its
+      perch, while feeding on a rather large dew worm. It was
+      buried: but I had, long afterwards, strange misgivings, that
+      my poor feathered favourite was only choked by his food, or
+      in a fit of some kind&mdash;his apparent death was so
+      extremely unexpected from his health and liveliness at the
+      time. I assure you that I regretted my loss much, my bird
+      being in full plumage and a very handsome creature. He was
+      quite tame, for in autumn I used to set him on a branch of a
+      tree in the garden, while I dug worms for him to dine upon,
+      and he never attempted more than a short friendly flight.
+      During the coldest weather, and it was rather a sharp winter,
+      my only precaution was, nearly to cover his cage with
+      flannel; and when I used to take it off, more or less, on
+      coming into my breakfast room in the morning, I was
+      recognised by him with certainly not all the cry "unpleasant
+      to a married ear," but with its full half "<i>Cuck</i>!
+      <i>Cuck</i>!"&mdash;the only sounds or notes I ever heard
+      from my bird. Though trifling, these facts may be so far
+      curious as illustrating the natural history of a remarkable
+      genus, and I have great pleasure in offering them for your
+      excellent Journal." <i>Mag. Nat. Hist.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MUSICAL SNAILS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      As I was sitting in my room, on the first floor, about nine
+      P.M. (4th of October last), I was surprised with what I
+      supposed to be the notes of a bird, under or upon the sill of
+      a window. My impression was, that they somewhat resembled the
+      notes of a wild duck in its nocturnal flight, and, at times,
+      the twitter of a redbreast, in quick succession. To be
+      satisfied on the subject, I carefully removed the shutter,
+      and, to my surprise, found it was a garden snail, which, in
+      drawing itself along the glass, had produced sounds similar
+      to those elicited from the musical
+      glasses.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      BEWICK.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      In the museum at Newcastle are many of the identical
+      specimens from which the illustrious townsman Bewick drew his
+      figures for the wood-cuts which embellish his unique and
+      celebrated work. This truly amiable man, and, beyond all
+      comparison, greatest genius Newcastle has ever produced, died
+      on the 8th of November last, in the 76th year of his age. He
+      continued to the last in the enjoyment of all his faculties;
+      his single-heartedness and enthusiasm not a jot abated, and
+      his wonder-working pencil still engaged in tracing, with his
+      wonted felicity and fidelity, those objects which had all his
+      life afforded him such delight, and which have charmed, and
+      must continue to charm, all those who have any relish for the
+      pure and simple beauties of nature.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page40" name="page40"></a>[pg
+      40]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      The Argonaut, Or Paper Nautilus.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+      <a href="images/381-8.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/381-8.png"
+      alt="The Argonaut, Or Paper Nautilus." /></a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Learn of the little Nautilus to sail,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This species of shell-fish, (see the cut,) is named from
+      <i>Argonautes</i>, the companions of Jason, in the celebrated
+      ship, Argo, and from the Latin <i>naus</i>, a ship; the
+      shells of all the Nautili having the appearance of a ship
+      with a very high poop. The shell of this interesting creature
+      is no thicker than paper, and divided into forty compartments
+      or chambers, through every one of which a portion of its body
+      passes, connected as it were, by a thread. In the cut it is
+      represented as sailing, when it expands two of its arms on
+      high, and between these supports a membrane which serves as a
+      sail, hanging the two other arms out of its shell, to serve
+      as oars, the office of steerage being generally served by the
+      tail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The shell of the Nautilus being exceedingly thin and fragile,
+      the tenant has many enemies, and among others the Trochus who
+      makes war on it with unrelenting fury. Pursued by this cruel
+      foe, it ascends to the top of the water, spreads its little
+      sail to catch the flying breeze, and rowing with all its
+      might, scuds along, like a galley in miniature, and often
+      escapes its more cumbrous pursuer. Sometimes, however, all
+      will not do, the Trochus nears and nears, and escape appears
+      impossible; but when the little animal, with inexplicable
+      ingenuity, suddenly and secretly extricates itself from its
+      tortuous and fragile dwelling, the Trochus immediately turns
+      to other prey. The Nautilus then returns to tenant and repair
+      its little bark; but it too often happens, that before he can
+      regain it, it is by a species of shipwreck, dashed to pieces
+      on the shore. Thus wretchedly situated, this hero of the
+      testaceous tribe seeks some obscure corner "where to die,"
+      but which seldom, if ever, happens, until after he has made
+      extraordinary exertions to establish himself anew. What a
+      fine picture of virtue nobly struggling with
+      misfortune.<a id="footnotetag8"
+      name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the sea is calm, whole fleets of these Nautili may be
+      seen diverting themselves; but when a storm rises, or they
+      are disturbed, they draw in their legs, take in as much water
+      as makes them specifically heavier, than that in which they
+      float, and then sink to the bottom. When they rise again they
+      void this water by numerous holes, of which their legs are
+      full. The other species of Nautilus, whose shell is thick,
+      never quits that habitation. The shells of both varieties are
+      exceedingly beautiful when polished, and produce high prices
+      among Conchologists.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is easy to conceive that the ingenious habits of this
+      wonderful creature may have suggested to man the power of
+      sailing upon the sea, and of the various apparatus by which
+      he effects that object. The whole creation abounds with
+      similar instances of Nature ministering to the proud purposes
+      of art: one of them, the origin of the Gothic Arch from the
+      "high o'erarching groves," is mentioned by Warburton, in his
+      <i>Divine Legation</i>, and is a sublime lesson for besotted
+      man.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE SELECTOR;<br />
+      AND<br />
+      LITERARY NOTICES OF<br />
+      <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      VIDOCQ.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      [We have abridged one of the most striking chapters in the
+      very extraordinary history of Vidocq; premising that the
+      interest of the adventure will compensate for the space it
+      here occupies.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A short time before the first invasion (1814), M. Senard, one
+      of the richest jewellers of the Palais Royal, having gone to
+      pay a visit to his friend the Cur&egrave; of Livry, found him
+      in one of those perplexities which are generally caused by
+      the approach of our good friends the enemy. He was anxious to
+      secrete from the rapacity of the cossacks first the
+      consecrated vessels, and then his own little treasures. After
+      much hesitation, although in his situation he must have been
+      used to interments, Monsieur le Cur&egrave; decided on
+      burying the objects which he was anxious to save, and
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page41" name="page41"></a>[pg
+      41]</span> M. Senard, who, like the other gossips and misers,
+      imagined that Paris would be given over to pillage,
+      determined to cover up, in a similar way, the most precious
+      articles in his shop. It was agreed that the riches of the
+      pastor and those of the jeweller should be deposited in the
+      same hole. But, then, who was to dig the said hole? One of
+      the singers in church was the very pearl of honest fellows,
+      father Moiselet, and in him every confidence could be
+      reposed. He would not touch a penny that did not belong to
+      him. The hole, made with much skill, was soon ready to
+      receive the treasure which it was intended to preserve, and
+      six feet of earth were cast on the specie of the Cur&egrave;,
+      to which were united diamonds worth 100,000 crowns, belonging
+      to M. Senard, and enclosed in a small box. The hollow filled
+      up, the ground was so well flattened, that one would have
+      betted with the devil that it had not been stirred since the
+      creation. "This good Moiselet," said M. Senard, rubbing his
+      hands, "has done it all admirably. Now, gentlemen cossacks,
+      you must have fine noses if you find it out!" At the end of a
+      few days the allied armies made further progress, and clouds
+      of Kirguiz, Kalmucs, and Tartars, of all hordes and all
+      colours, appeared in the environs of Paris. These unpleasant
+      guests are, it is well known, very greedy for plunder: they
+      made, every where, great ravages; they passed no habitation
+      without exacting tribute: but in their ardour for pillage
+      they did not confine themselves to the surface, all belonged
+      to them to the centre of the globe; and that they might not
+      be frustrated in their pretensions, these intrepid geologists
+      made a thousand excavations, which, to the regret of the
+      naturalists of the country, proved to them, that in France
+      the mines of gold or silver are not so deep as in Peru. Such
+      a discovery was well calculated to give them additional
+      energy; they dug with unparalleled activity, and the spoil
+      they found in many places of concealment threw the Croesuses
+      of many cantons into perfect despair. The cursed Cossacks!
+      But yet the instinct which so surely led them to the spot
+      where treasure was hidden, did not guide them to the hiding
+      place of the Cur&egrave;. It was like the blessing of heaven,
+      each morning the sun rose and nothing new; nothing new when
+      it set.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Most decidedly the finger of heaven must be recognised in the
+      impenetrability of the mysterious inhumation performed by
+      Moiselet. M. Senard was so fully convinced of it, that he
+      actually mingled thanksgivings with the prayers which he made
+      for the preservation and repose of his diamonds. Persuaded
+      that his vows would be heard, in growing security he began to
+      sleep more soundly, when one fine day, which was, of all days
+      in the week, a Friday, Moiselet, more dead than alive, ran to
+      the Cur&egrave;'s.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, sir, I can scarcely speak."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What's the matter, Moiselet?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I dare not tell you. Poor M. le Cur&egrave;, this affects me
+      deeply, I am paralyzed. If my veins were open not a drop of
+      blood would flow."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What is the matter? You alarm me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The hole."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mercy! I want to learn no more. Oh, what a terrible scourge
+      is war! Jeanneton, Jeanneton, come quickly, my shoes and
+      hat."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, sir, you have not breakfasted."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Oh, never mind breakfast."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You know, sir, when you go out fasting you have such
+      spasms&mdash;&mdash;."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My shoes, I tell you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And then you complain of your stomach."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I shall have no want of a stomach again all my life. Never
+      any more&mdash;no, never&mdash;ruined."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ruined&mdash;Jesu&mdash;Maria! Is it possible? Ah! sir, run
+      then,&mdash;run&mdash;."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whilst the Cur&egrave; dressed himself in haste, and,
+      impatient to buckle the strap, could scarcely put on his
+      shoes, Moiselet, in a most lamentable tone, told him what he
+      had seen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are you sure of it?" said the Cur&egrave;, perhaps they did
+      not take all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, sir, God grant it, but I had not courage enough to
+      look."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They went together towards the old barn, when they found that
+      the spoliation had been complete. Reflecting on the extent of
+      his loss, the Cur&egrave; nearly fell to the ground. Moiselet
+      was in a most pitiable state; the dear man afflicted himself
+      more than if the loss had been his own. It was terrific to
+      hear his sighs and groans. This was the result of love to
+      one's neighbour. M. Senard little thought how great was the
+      desolation at Livry. What was his despair on receiving the
+      news of the event! In Paris the police is the providence of
+      people who have lost any thing. The first idea, and the most
+      natural one, that occurred to M. Senard was, that the robbery
+      had been committed by the Cossacks, and, in such a case, the
+      police could not avail him materially; but M. Senard took
+      care not to suspect the Cossacks.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One Monday when I was in the office
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page42" name="page42"></a>[pg
+      42]</span> of M. Henry, I saw one of those little abrupt,
+      brisk men enter, who, at the first glance, we are convinced
+      are interested and distrustful: it was M. Senard, who briefly
+      related his mishap, and concluded by saying, that he had
+      strong suspicions of Moiselet. M. Henry thought also that he
+      was the author of the robbery, and I agreed with both. "It is
+      very well," he said, "but still our opinion is only founded
+      on conjecture, and if Moiselet keeps his own counsel we shall
+      have no chance of convicting him. It will be impossible."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Impossible!" cried M. Senard, "what will become of me? No,
+      no, I shall not vainly implore your succour. Do not you know
+      all? can you not do all when you choose? My diamonds! my poor
+      diamonds! I will give one hundred thousand francs to get them
+      back again."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [Vidocq promises to recover the jewels, and the jeweller
+      offers him 10,000 francs.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In spite of successive abatements of M. Senard, in proportion
+      as he believed the discovery probable, I promised to exert
+      every effort in my power to effect the desired result. But
+      before any thing could be undertaken, it was necessary that a
+      formal complaint should be made; and M. Senard and the
+      Cur&egrave;, thereupon, went to Pontoise, and the declaration
+      being consequently made, and the robbery stated, Moiselet was
+      taken up and interrogated. They tried every means to make him
+      confess his guilt; but he persisted in avowing himself
+      innocent, and, for lack of proof to the contrary, the charge
+      was about to be dropped altogether, when to preserve it for a
+      time, I set an agent of mine to work. He, clothed in a
+      military uniform, with his left arm in a sling, went with a
+      billet to the house where Moiselet's wife lived. He was
+      supposed to have just left the hospital, and was only to stay
+      at Livry for forty-eight hours; but a few moments after his
+      arrival, he had a fall, and a pretended sprain suddenly
+      occurred, which put it out of his power to continue his
+      route. It was then indispensable for him to delay, and the
+      mayor decided that he should remain with the cooper's wife
+      until further orders.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cooper's wife was charmed with his many little
+      attentions. The soldier could write, and became her
+      secretary; but the letters which she addressed to her dear
+      husband were of a nature not to compromise her&mdash;not the
+      least expression that can have a twofold
+      construction&mdash;it was innocence corresponding with
+      innocence. At length, after a few day's experience, I was
+      convinced that my agent, in spite of his talent, would draw
+      no profit from his mission. I then resolved to manoeuvre in
+      person, and, disguised as a travelling hawker, I began to
+      visit the environs of Livry. I was one of those Jews who deal
+      in every thing,&mdash;clothes, jewels, &amp;c. &amp;c.; and I
+      took in exchange gold, silver, jewels, in fact, all that was
+      offered me. An old female robber, who knew the neighbourhood
+      perfectly, accompanied me in my tour: she was the widow of a
+      celebrated thief, Germain Boudier, called Father Latuil, who,
+      after having undergone half-a-dozen sentences, died at last
+      at Saint Pelagie. I flattered myself that Madame Moiselet,
+      seduced by her eloquence, and by our merchandize, would bring
+      out the store of the Cur&egrave;'s crowns, some brilliant of
+      the purest water, nay, even the chalice or paten, in case the
+      bargain should be to her liking. My calculation was not
+      verified; the cooper's wife was in no haste to make a
+      bargain, and her coquetry did not get the better of her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Jew hawker was soon metamorphosed into a German servant;
+      and under this disguise I began to ramble about the vicinity
+      of Pontoise, with a design of being apprehended. I sought out
+      the gendarmes, whilst I pretended to avoid them; but they,
+      thinking I wished to get away from them, demanded a sight of
+      my papers. Of course I had none, and they desired me to
+      accompany them to a magistrate, who, knowing nothing of the
+      jargon in which I replied to his questions, desired to know
+      what money I had; and a search was forthwith commenced in his
+      presence. My pockets contained some money and valuables, the
+      possession of which seemed to astonish him. The magistrate,
+      as curious as a commissary, wished to know how they came into
+      my hands; and I sent him to the devil with two or three
+      Teutonic oaths, of the most polished kind; and he, to teach
+      me better manners another time, sent me to prison.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Once more the iron bolts were drawn upon me. At the moment of
+      my arrival, the prisoners were playing in the prison yard,
+      and the jailer introduced me amongst them in these terms, "I
+      bring you a murderer of the parts of speech; understand him
+      if you can."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They immediately flocked about me, and I was accosted with
+      salutations of <i>Landsman</i> and <i>Meinheer</i> without
+      end. During this reception, I looked out for the cooper of
+      Livry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [He meets with him.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page43" name="page43"></a>[pg
+      43]</span> "Mossi&eacute;, Mossi&eacute;," I said, addressing
+      the prisoner, who seemed to think I said Moiselet,
+      "Mossi&eacute; Fine Hapit, (not knowing his name, I so
+      designated him, because his coat was the colour of flesh,)
+      sacrement, ter teufle, no tongue to me; yer Fran&ccedil;ois,
+      I miseraple, I trink vine; faut trink for gelt, plack vine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I pointed to his hat, which was black; he did not understand
+      me; but on making a gesture that I wanted to drink, he found
+      me perfectly intelligible. All the buttons of my great coat
+      were twenty-franc pieces; I gave him one: he asked if they
+      had brought the wine, and soon afterwards I heard a turnkey
+      say,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Father Moiselet, I have taken up two bottles for you." The
+      flesh-coloured coat was then Moiselet. I followed him into
+      his room, and we began to drink with all our might. Two other
+      bottles arrived; we only went on in couples. Moiselet, in his
+      capacity of chorister, cooper, sexton, &amp;c. &amp;c. was no
+      less a sot than gossip; he got tipsy with great good-will,
+      and incessantly spoke to me in the jargon I had assumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Matters progressed well; after two or three hours such as
+      these I pretended to get stupid. Moiselet, to set me to
+      rights, gave me a cup of coffee without sugar; after coffee
+      came glasses of water. No one can conceive the care which my
+      new friend took of me; but when drunkenness is of such a
+      nature it is like death&mdash;all care is useless.
+      Drunkenness overpowered me. I went to bed and slept; at least
+      Moiselet thought so; but I saw him many times fill my glass
+      and his own, and gulp them both down. The next day, when I
+      awoke, he paid me the balance, three francs and fifty
+      centimes, which, according to him, remained from the
+      twenty-franc piece. I was an excellent companion; Moiselet
+      found me so, and never quitted me. I finished the
+      twenty-franc piece with him, and then produced one of forty
+      francs, which vanished as quickly. When he saw it drunk out
+      also he feared it was the last.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your button again," said he to me, in a tone of extreme
+      anxiety, and yet very comical.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I showed him another coin. "Ah, your large button again," he
+      shouted out, jumping for joy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This button went the same way as all the other buttons, until
+      at length, by dint of drinking together, Moiselet understood
+      and spoke my language almost as well as I did myself, and we
+      could then disclose our troubles to each other. Moiselet was
+      very curious to know my history, and that which I trumped up
+      was exactly adapted to inspire the confidence I wished to
+      create.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My master and I come to France&mdash;I was
+      tomestic&mdash;master of mein Austrian
+      marechal&mdash;Austrian with de gelt in family. Master always
+      roving, always gay, joint regiment at Montreau. Montreau, oh,
+      mein Gott, great, great pattle&mdash;many sleep no more but
+      in death. Napoleon coom&mdash;poum, poum go gannon. Prusse,
+      Austrian, Rousse all disturb. I, too, much disturb. Go on my
+      ways with master mein, with my havresac on mein
+      horse&mdash;poor teufel was I&mdash;but there was gelt in it.
+      Master mein say, 'Galop, Fritz.' I called Fritz in home mein.
+      Fritz galop to Pondi&mdash;there halt Fritz&mdash;place
+      havresac not visible; and if I get again to Yarmany with
+      havresac, me rich becomen, mistress mein rich, father mein
+      rich, you too rich."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Although the narrative was not the cleverest in the world,
+      father Moiselet swallowed it all as gospel; he saw well that
+      during the battle of Montereau, I had fled with my master's
+      portmanteau, and hidden it in the forest of Bondy. The
+      confidence did not astonish him, and had the effect of
+      acquiring for me an increase of his affection. This
+      augmentation of friendship, after a confession which exposed
+      me as a thief, proved to me that he had an accommodating
+      conscience. I thenceforth remained convinced that he knew
+      better than any other person what had become of the diamonds
+      of M. Senard, and that it only depended on him to give me
+      full and accurate information.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One evening, after a good dinner, I was boasting to him of
+      the delicacies of the Rhine: he heaved a deep sigh, and then
+      asked me if there was good wine in that country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, yes," I answered, "goot vine and charming girl."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Charming girl too!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, ya."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Landsman, shall I go with you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, ya, me grat content."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, you content, well! I quit France, yield the old woman,
+      (he showed me by his fingers that Madame Moiselet was
+      three-and-thirty,) and in your land I take little girl no
+      more as fifteen years."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, bien, a girl no infant: a! you is a brave lad."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Moiselet returned more than once to his project of
+      emigration; he thought seriously of it, but to emigrate
+      liberty was requisite, and they were not inclined to let us
+      go out. I suggested to him
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page44" name="page44"></a>[pg
+      44]</span> that he should escape with me on the first
+      opportunity&mdash;and when he had promised me that we would
+      not separate, not even to take a last adieu of his wife, I
+      was certain that I should soon have him in my toils. This
+      certainly was the result of very simple reasoning. Moiselet,
+      said I to myself, will follow me to Germany: people do not
+      travel or live on air: he relies on living well there: he is
+      old, and, like king Solomon, proposes to tickle his fancy
+      with some little Abishag of Sunem. Oh, father Moiselet has
+      found the <i>black hen</i>; here he has no money, therefore
+      his black hen is not here; but where is she? We shall soon
+      learn, for we are to be henceforward inseparable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as my man had made all his reflections, and that,
+      with his head full of his castles in Germany, he had so soon
+      resolved to expatriate himself, I addressed to the king's
+      attorney-general a letter, in which, making myself known as
+      the superior agent of the Police de S&ucirc;ret&eacute;, I
+      begged him to give an order that I should be sent away with
+      Moiselet, he to go to Livry, and I to Paris.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We did not wait long for the order, and the jailer announced
+      it to us, on the eve of its being put into execution; and I
+      had the night before me to fortify Moiselet in his
+      resolutions. He persisted in them more strongly than ever,
+      and acceded with rapture to the proposition I made him of
+      effecting an escape from our escort as soon as it was
+      feasible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So anxious was he to commence his journey, that he could not
+      sleep. At daybreak, I gave him to understand that I took him
+      for a thief as well as myself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, ah, grip also," said I to him, "deep, deep
+      Fran&ccedil;ois, you not spoken, but tief all as von."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He made me no answer; but when, with my fingers squeezed
+      together <i>&agrave; la Normande</i>, he saw me make a
+      gesture of grasping something, he could not prevent himself
+      from smiling, with that bashful expression of <i>Yes</i>,
+      which he had not courage to utter. The hypocrite had some
+      shame about him, the shame of a devotee. I was understood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At length the wished-for moment of departure came, which was
+      to enable us to accomplish our designs. Moiselet was ready
+      three whole hours beforehand, and to give him courage, I had
+      not neglected to push about the wine and brandy, and he did
+      not leave the prison until after having received all his
+      sacraments.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We were tied with a very thin cord, and on our way he made me
+      a signal that there would be no difficulty in breaking it. He
+      did not think that he should break the charm which had till
+      then preserved him. The further we went the more he testified
+      that he placed his hopes of safety in me; at each minute he
+      reiterated a prayer that I would not abandon him; and I as
+      often replied, "Ya, Fran&ccedil;ois, ya, I not leave you." At
+      length the decisive moment came, the cord was broken. I
+      leaped a ditch, which separated us from a thicket. Moiselet,
+      who seemed young again, jumped after me: one of the gendarmes
+      alighted to follow us, but to run and jump in jack-boots and
+      with a heavy sword was difficult; and whilst he made a
+      circuit to join us, we disappeared in a hollow, and were soon
+      lost to view.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A path into which we struck led us to the wood of Vaujours.
+      There Moiselet stopped, and having looked carefully about
+      him, went towards some bushes. I saw him then stoop, plunge
+      his arm into a thick tuft, whence he took out a spade:
+      arising quickly, he went on some paces without saying a word;
+      and when we reached a birch tree, several of the boughs of
+      which I observed were broken, he took off his hat and coat,
+      and began to dig. He went to work with so much good-will,
+      that his labour rapidly advanced. Suddenly he stooped down,
+      and then escaped from him that ha! which betokens
+      satisfaction, and which informed me, without the use of a
+      conjuror's rod, that he had found his treasure. I thought the
+      cooper would have fainted; but recovering himself, he made
+      two or three more strokes with his spade, and the box was
+      exposed to view. I seized on the instrument of his toil, and
+      suddenly changing my language, declared, in very good French,
+      that he was my prisoner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No resistance," I said, "or I will cleave your skull in
+      two."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this threat he seemed in a dream; but when he knew that he
+      was gripped by that iron hand which had subdued the most
+      vigorous malefactors, he was convinced that it was no vision.
+      Moiselet was as quiet as a lamb. I had sworn not to leave
+      him, and kept my word. During the journey to the station of
+      the brigade of gendarmerie, where I deposited him, he
+      frequently cried out,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am done&mdash;who could have thought it? and he had such a
+      simple look too!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the assizes of Versailles, Moiselet was sentenced to six
+      months' solitary confinement.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M. Senard was overpowered with joy at having recovered his
+      hundred thousand crowns worth of diamonds. Faithful to his
+      system of abatement, he reduced the
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page45" name="page45"></a>[pg
+      45]</span> reward one-half; and still there was difficulty in
+      getting five thousand francs from him, out of which I had
+      been compelled to expend more than two thousand: in fact, at
+      one moment I really thought I should have been compelled to
+      bear the expenses myself.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE TOYMAN IS ABROAD.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "En fait d'inutilit&eacute;s, il ne faut que le
+          n&eacute;cessaire."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      CHAMPFORT.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      There is no term in political philosophy more ambiguous and
+      lax in its meaning than Luxury. In Ireland, salt with a
+      potato is, by the peasant, placed in this category. Among the
+      Cossacks, a clean shirt is more than a luxury&mdash;it is an
+      effeminacy; and a Scotch nobleman is reported to have
+      declared, that the act of scratching one's self is a luxury
+      too great for any thing under royalty. The Russians (there is
+      no disputing on tastes) hold train-oil to be a prime luxury;
+      and I remember seeing a group of them following an exciseman
+      on the quays at Dover to plunder the oil casks, as they were
+      successively opened for his operations. A poor Finland woman,
+      who for her sins had married an Englishman and followed him
+      to this country, was very glad to avail herself of her
+      husband's death to leave a land where the people were so
+      unhappy as to be without a regular supply of seal's flesh for
+      their dinner. While the good man lived, her affection for him
+      somewhat balanced her hankering after this native luxury; but
+      no sooner was the husband dead, than her lawyer-like
+      propensity re-assumed its full force, and, like Proteus
+      released from his chains, she abandoned civilized life to get
+      back to her favourite shores, to liberty, and the animals of
+      her predilection. "If I were rich," said a poor farmer's boy,
+      "I would eat fat pudding, and ride all day on a gate;" which
+      was evidently his highest idea of human luxury. But it is
+      less with the quality of our indulgences, than their extent,
+      that I have now to treat. Diogenes, who prided himself on
+      cutting his coat according to his cloth, and thought himself
+      a greater man, in proportion as he diminished his wants,
+      placed his luxuries in idleness and sunshine, and seems to
+      have relished these enjoyments with as much sensuality as
+      Plato did his fine house and delicate fare. Even he was more
+      reasonable than those sectarians, who have prevailed in
+      almost all religions, and who, believing that the Deity
+      created man for the express purpose of inflicting upon him
+      every species of torture, have inveighed against the most
+      innocent gratifications, and have erected luxury into a
+      deadly sin. These theologians will not allow a man to eat his
+      breakfast with a relish; and impute it as a vice if he smacks
+      his lips, though it be but after a draught of water. Nay,
+      there have been some who have thought good roots and Adam's
+      ale too great luxuries for a Christian lawfully to indulge
+      in; and they have purposely ill-cooked their vegetables, and
+      mixed them with ashes, and even more disgusting things, to
+      mortify the flesh, as they called it&mdash;i.e. to offer a
+      sacrifice of their natural feelings to the demon of which
+      they have made a god.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of late years, more especially, our ideas on this subject
+      have much enlarged; and all ranks of Englishmen hold an
+      infinity of objects as prime necessaries, which their more
+      modest ancestors ranked as luxuries, fit only for their
+      betters to enjoy. This should be a matter of sincere
+      rejoicing to all true patriots; because it affords
+      indubitable evidence of the progress of civilization. A
+      civilized gentleman differs from a savage, principally in the
+      multiplicity of his wants; and Mandeville, in his fable of
+      the bees, has proved to demonstration that extravagance is
+      the mother of commerce. What, indeed, are steam-engines,
+      macadamized roads, man-traps that break no bones, patent
+      cork-screws, and detonating fowling-pieces, safety coaches
+      and cork legs, but luxuries, at which a cynic would scoff;
+      yet how could a modern Englishman get on without them? It is
+      perfectly true that our Henries and Edwards contrived to beat
+      their enemies unassisted by these inventions. Books,
+      likewise, which were a luxury scarcely known to the wisdom of
+      our ancestors, are a luxury now so indispensable, that there
+      is hardly a mechanic who has not his little library: while a
+      piano forte also has become as necessary to a farm-house as a
+      mangle or a frying-pan; and there are actually more copies
+      printed of "Cherry ripe," than of Tull's husbandry. Is not a
+      silver fork, moreover, an acknowledged necessary in every
+      decent establishment? while the barbarous Mussulman dispenses
+      with knives and forks altogether, and eats his meal, like a
+      savage as he is, with his fingers. Nor can it be deemed an
+      objection to this hypothesis, that the Turk, who rejects all
+      the refinements of European civilization, excepting only
+      gunpowder, esteems four wives to be necessary to a decent
+      establishment; while the most clear-sighted
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page46" name="page46"></a>[pg
+      46]</span> Englishmen think one more than enough for
+      enjoyment. The difference is more formal than real.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Henry the fourth of France had but one coach between himself
+      and his queen; whereas no respectable person can now dispense
+      at the least with a travelling chariot, a barouche, a cab,
+      and a dennet. Civilization, which received a temporary check
+      during the revolutionary war, has resumed its march in
+      double-quick time since the Continent has been opened.
+      Champaigne and ices have now become absolute necessaries at
+      tables where a bottle of humble port and a supernumerary
+      pudding were esteemed luxuries, fit only for honouring the
+      more solemn rites of hospitality. I say nothing of heads of
+      hair, and false (I beg pardon&mdash;artificial) teeth;
+      without which, at a certain age, there is no appearing. A
+      bald head, at the present day, is as great an indecency as
+      Humphrey Clinker's unmentionables; and a dismantled mouth is
+      an outrage on well-bred society. Then, again, how necessary
+      is a cigar and a meerschaum to a well-appointed man of
+      fashion, and how can a gentleman possibly show at Melton
+      without at least a dozen hunters, and two or three hacks, to
+      ride to cover! Yet no one in his senses would tax these
+      things as luxuries; or would blame his friend for getting
+      into the King's Bench for their indulgence. Even the most
+      austere judges of the land, and the most jealous juries of
+      tradesmen, have borne ample testimony to the reasonableness
+      of this modern extension of the wants of life, by the liberal
+      allowance of necessaries which they have sanctioned in the
+      tailors' bills of litigating minors. This liberality, indeed,
+      follows, as consequence follows cause. Some one has found, or
+      invented, a story of a shipwrecked traveller's hailing the
+      gallows as the sure token of a civilized community. But the
+      jest is by no means a <i>ben trovato</i>; the member of
+      gibbets being inversely as the perfection of social
+      institutions; and if any one object, that England, while it
+      is the best-governed country in Europe&mdash;its envy and
+      admiration&mdash;is also a hanging community <i>par
+      excellence</i>, I must beg to remind him of the intense
+      interest which an English public feels in the victims of
+      capital punishment, in the Thurtells and the Fauntleroys; as
+      also of the universal conviction prevailing in England, that
+      the gallows is a short and sure cut to everlasting happiness.
+      From all this, if there is any force in logic, we must
+      conclude, that hanging, in this country, is only applied
+      <i>honoris caus&acirc;</i>, as an ovation, in consideration
+      of the great and magnanimous daring of the Alexanders and
+      Caesars on a small scale, to whom the law adjudges the
+      "palmam qui meruit ferat." The real and true test of a
+      refined polity is not the gallows; but is to be found rather
+      in such well-imagined insolvent laws, as discharge a maximum
+      of debt with a minimum of assets; and rid a gentleman
+      annually of his duns, with the smallest possible quantity of
+      corporeal inconvenience. When luxuries become necessaries,
+      insolvency is the best safety-valve to discharge the surplus
+      dishonesty of the people, which, if pent up, would explode in
+      dangerous overt acts of crime and violence; and it should be
+      encouraged accordingly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To be concluded in our next</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      Notes of a Reader.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The only notice which occurs of "The Last of the
+      Plantagenets" is, says the author of a Romance with the above
+      name, in Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa," where a letter is
+      inserted from Dr. Brett to Dr. Warren, the president of
+      Trinity Hall, in which he says that, calling on Lord
+      Winchilsea in 1720, his lordship pointed out to him this
+      entry in the register of Eastwell&mdash;"Anno 1550, Rycharde
+      Plantagenet was buryed the 22nd daye of December;" beyond
+      this, not a word is known of him excepting what tradition
+      affords, which, with some slight variations, for there are
+      two versions of his history, is as follows:&mdash;When Sir
+      Thomas Moyle built Eastwell, he observed that his principal
+      bricklayer, whenever he quitted his work, retired with a
+      book, a circumstance which attracted his attention, and on
+      inquiry he found he was reading Latin: he then told Sir
+      Thomas his secret, which was, that he was boarded with a
+      Latin schoolmaster, without knowing who were his relations,
+      until he was fifteen or sixteen; that he was occasionally
+      visited by a gentleman who provided for his expenses; that
+      this person one day took him to a fine house where he was
+      presented to a gentleman handsomely drest, wearing a "star
+      and garter," who gave him money, and conducted him back to
+      school; that some time afterwards the same gentleman came to
+      him, and took him into Leicestershire and to Bosworth Field,
+      when he was carried to king Richard's tent; that the king
+      embraced him, told him he was his son; adding, "Child,
+      to-morrow, I must fight for my
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page47" name="page47"></a>[pg
+      47]</span> crown; and assure yourself, if I lose that, I will
+      lose my life too, but I hope to preserve both, do you stand
+      in such a place (pointing to the spot) where you may see the
+      battle, out of danger, and when I have gained the victory
+      come to me. I will then own you to be mine, and take care of
+      you: but if I should lose the battle, then shift as well as
+      you can, and take care to let nobody know that I am your
+      father, for no mercy will be shown to any one so nearly
+      related to me;" that the king gave him a purse of gold and
+      dismissed him; that he followed those directions, and when he
+      saw the battle was lost and the king slain, he hastened to
+      London, sold his horse and his fine clothes, and the better
+      to conceal himself from all suspicion of being the son of a
+      king, and that he might gain a livelihood, he put himself
+      apprentice to a bricklayer, and generally spent his spare
+      time in reading. Sir Thomas, finding him very old, is said to
+      have offered him <i>the run of his kitchen</i>, which he
+      declined, on the ground of his patron having a large family;
+      but asked his permission to build a small house in one of his
+      fields, and this being granted, he built a cottage, and
+      continued in it till his death.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      ANTIQUITIES BURLESQUED.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      We have often been amused with the different wonders of
+      ancient Rome, but seldom more than with the following piece
+      of antiquarianism burlesqued:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M. Simond, in his Tour in Italy and Sicily, tells us that the
+      Coliseum is too ruinous&mdash;that the Egyptian Museum in the
+      Vatican puts him in mind of the five wigs in the barber
+      Figaro's shop-window&mdash;that the Apollo Belvidere looks
+      like a broken-backed young gentleman shooting at a target for
+      the amusement of young ladies. Speaking of the Etruscan
+      vases, he says, "As to the alleged elegance of form, I should
+      be inclined to appeal from the present to succeeding
+      generations, when the transformation of every pitcher,
+      milk-pot and butter-pan, into an antique shape, has
+      completely burlesqued away the classical feeling, and
+      restored impartiality to taste."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      About six or seven-and-twenty years ago, an effort was made
+      to revive the fashion of ladies visiting the House of
+      Commons. The late Queen Caroline, then Princess of Wales,
+      upon one or two occasions made her appearance, with a female
+      attendant, in the side-gallery. The royal visit soon became
+      generally known, and several other females were tempted to
+      follow the example. Among these was Mrs. Sheridan, the wife
+      of the late Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan; but
+      this lady, considering herself an intruder, to whose
+      presence, if known, exception might be taken, thought fit to
+      disguise her person in male attire. Her fine dark hair was
+      combed smooth on her forehead, and made to sit close, in good
+      puritanical trim, while a long, loose, brown coat concealed
+      her feminine proportions. Thus prepared, she took her seat in
+      the Strangers' Gallery, anxious to witness a display of her
+      husband's eloquence; but he did not speak, and the debate
+      proved without any interest. The female aspirants whose taste
+      was thus excited, were, however, confined to a few
+      blue-stocking belles, without influence to set the fashion;
+      and the attempt did not succeed.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MOCHA.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The buildings of Mocha are so white, that it seems as if
+      excavated from a quarry of marble; and this whiteness of the
+      town forms a curious contrast with the blueness of the sea.
+      The materials, however, of which Mocha is constructed, are
+      nothing better than unburnt bricks, plastered over, and
+      whitewashed. The coffee bean is cultivated in the interior,
+      and is thence brought to Mocha for exportation. The Arabs
+      themselves use the husks, which make but an inferior
+      infusion. Vegetables are grown round the town, and fruits are
+      brought from Senna; while grain, horses, asses, and sheep,
+      are imported from Abyssinia. There are twelve schools in the
+      town; and, inland, near Senna, there are colleges, in which
+      the twelve branches of Mohomedan sciences are taught, as is
+      usual in Turkey and India. Arab women marry about the age of
+      sixteen; they are allowed great liberty in visiting one
+      another, and can divorce their husbands on very slight
+      grounds. Every lady who pays a visit, carries a small bag of
+      coffee with her, which enables "her to enjoy society without
+      putting her friends to expense."&mdash;<i>Lushington's
+      Journey from Calcutta to Europe.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Every one acquainted with the public press of Europe, must
+      have observed the contrast which a London Newspaper forms
+      with the journals of every other capital in Europe. The
+      foreign journals never break in upon the privacy of
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page48" name="page48"></a>[pg
+      48]</span> domestic life. There the fame of parties and
+      dinners is confined to the rooms which constitute their
+      scene, and the names of the individuals who partake of them
+      never travel out of their own circle. How widely different is
+      the practice of the London Journals! A lady of fashion can
+      find no place so secret where she can hide herself from their
+      search. They follow her from town to country, from the
+      country to the town. They trace her from the breakfast-table
+      to the Park, from the Park to the dinner-table, from thence
+      to the Opera or the ball, and from her boudoir to her bed.
+      They trace her every where. She may make as many doubles as a
+      hare, but they are all in vain; it is impossible to escape
+      pursuit; and yet the introduction of female names into the
+      daily newspapers, now so common, is only of modern date.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The late Sir Henry Dudley Bate, editor of <i>The Morning
+      Herald</i>, was the first person who introduced females into
+      the columns of a newspaper. He was at the time editor of
+      <i>The Morning Post</i>.&mdash; <i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Gatherer.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      SHAKSPEARE.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      REFLECTION IN A FLOWER GARDEN.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          I hate the flower whose wanton breast<a id="footnotetag9"
+          name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a>
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Awaits the sun at morn and noon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And when he's hid behind the west,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          As gaily flaunteth with the moon.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Mine be the flower of virgin leaf,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          That when its sire has left the plain,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Wraps up its charms in silent grief,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Nor ope's them till he comes again.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      E.K.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      A "THIN NIGHT" AT VAUXHALL.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      There were fewer audience than performers, and those made up
+      of fellows evidently not in the habit of shirt-wearing; of
+      women there were very few&mdash; of ladies none; the
+      fireworks were bad and brief, and the waterworks the most
+      absurd affair I ever beheld; the thing was overdone. To the
+      people who would like to go to Vauxhall in fine weather,
+      second-rate Italian singing and broken down English prima
+      donnas are no inducement, a bad ballet in a booth has no
+      attraction, and an attempt at variety mars the whole affair.
+      Vauxhall is a delightful place to go to in fine weather with
+      a pleasant party; give us space to walk, light up that space,
+      and shelter us from the elements, set the military bands to
+      play popular airs, and we ask no more for our four or five
+      shillings, or whatever it is; but the moment tumbling is
+      established in various parts of the garden, and the whole
+      thing is made a sort of Bartholomew Fair, the object of
+      breathing a little fresher air, and hearing ourselves talk is
+      ended; crowds of raffs in boots and white neckcloths attended
+      by their dowdy damsels and waddling wives, rush from one
+      place to another, helter skelter, knocking over the few quiet
+      people to whom the "sights" are a novelty; turning what in
+      the days of the late Lady Castlereagh, the present Duchess of
+      Bedford, the first Duchess of Devonshire, and the last
+      Duchess of Gordon (but one) was a delightful reunion of
+      fashion, into a tea-garden (without tea) or a
+      bear-garden&mdash;not without bears.&mdash;<i>Sharpe's
+      Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND LORD NOEL BYRON.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It is a singular coincidence, not unworthy of remark, that
+      the initials of two of the most singular men of their own,
+      and perhaps of any age, the Emperor Napoleon of France, and
+      Lord Noel Byron of England, used the same letters as an
+      abbreviation of their name, N.B. which likewise denotes
+      <i>Nota Bene</i>. It was not the habit of either to affix his
+      name to letters, but merely N.B.&mdash;R.W.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      LIMBIRD'S EDITION<br />
+      of the <i>following novels is already published</i>:
+    </p>
+    <pre>
+                                       s.   d.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling           0     6
+  Paul and Virginia                    0     6
+  The Castle of Otranto                0     6
+  Almoran and Hamet                    0     6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia  0     6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne   0     6
+  Rasselas                             0     8
+  The Old English Baron                0     8
+  Nature and Art                       0     8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield       0    10
+  Sicilian Romance                     0    10
+  The Man of the World                 1     0
+  A Simple Story                       1     4
+  Joseph Andrews                       1     6
+  Humphry Clinker                      1     8
+  The Romance of the Forest            1     8
+  The Italian                          2     0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Roderick Random                      2     6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho             3     6
+  Peregrine Pickle                     4     6
+</pre>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Probably a corruption of Benones Bridge, as it is within
+        four miles of the Roman station, Benones, now High Cross.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Vitellius had great weight and influence in the reign of
+        Claudius; Vespasian at that time paid his court to the
+        favourite, and also to Narcissus, the emperor's freedman.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Now in the possession of the Rev. P. Homer, of Rugby.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        In the possession of Mr. Matthew Bloxam, of the same place.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> <b>Footnote 5</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Edited by that distinguished and learned antiquary, Wm.
+        Hamper, of Birmingham, Esq., in his <i>Life of Dugdale</i>.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a> <b>Footnote 6</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Another correspondent, <i>Amicus</i>, states that the grant
+        of the Pension was in the possession of the Rector of
+        Cheriton, in Hampshire, and was "lost by him to Government,
+        a short time before his death, in the year 1825."
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a> <b>Footnote 7</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        <i>Cobbold</i>, in mining countries, especially Cornwall,
+        is the legendary guardian spirit of the mine, and severe
+        master of its treasures. In Germany, Sweden, &amp;c. the
+        Cobbold may be traced under various modifications and
+        titles.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a> <b>Footnote 8</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Magazine of Natural History, No.1.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a> <b>Footnote 9</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        There be some flowers that do remain quite unclosed, during
+        not only the day, but during also the night. There be
+        others which do likewise open during the day, albeit when
+        night cometh, they close themselves up until the sun do
+        appear, when they again ope their
+        beautifulness.&mdash;<i>Old Botanist</i>.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+  <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11332 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11332 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11332)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 381 Saturday, July 18, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 27, 2004 [EBook #11332]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO 381 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David Garcia and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 381.] SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+[Illustration: APSLEY HOUSE]
+
+
+
+THE MANSION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+
+The town mansions of our nobility are generally beneath all
+architectural criticism; and it has been pertinently observed that "an
+educated foreigner is quite astonished when shown the residences of
+our higher nobility and gentry in the British capital. He has heard
+speak of some great nobleman, with a revenue equal to that of a
+principality. He feels a curiosity to look at his palace, and he is
+shown a plain, common, brick house of forty or fifty feet in extent."
+These observations were made about three years ago, since which
+period, the spirit of architectural improvement has been fast
+extending from public buildings to individual mansions. Among the
+latter, the renovation or encasement of Apsley House, at Hyde Park
+Corner, with a fine stone front, is entitled to foremost notice.
+
+This splendid improvement is from the designs of Benjamin Wyatt, Esq.
+and is of the Palladian style. The basement story is rusticated, and
+the principal front has a handsome pediment supported by four columns
+of the Corinthian order. A bold cornice extends on all sides, which
+are decorated at the angles with Corinthian pilasters. The whole has
+an air of substantial elegance, and is in extremely good taste, if we
+except the door and window cases, which we are disposed to think
+rather too small. The Piccadilly front is enclosed with a rich bronzed
+palisade between leaved pillars, being in continuation of the
+classical taste of the entrance gates to Hyde Park, and the superb
+entrance to the Royal Gardens on the opposite side of the road.
+Throughout the whole, the chaste Grecian honey-suckle is introduced
+with very pleasing effect.
+
+Besides the new frontage, Apsley House has been considerably enlarged,
+and a slip of ground from Hyde Park added to the gardens. The
+ball-room, extending the whole depth of the mansion, is one of the
+most magnificent _salons_ in the metropolis; and a picture gallery is
+in progress. Altogether, the improvement is equally honourable to the
+genius of the architect, and the taste of the illustrious proprietor
+of the mansion; for no foreigner can gainsay that Apsley House has the
+befitting splendour of a ducal, nay even of a royal palace.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+WATLING STREET.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+There has been much discussion among antiquaries respecting the
+etymology of an ancient Roman road, called the Watling Street Way,
+which commencing from Dover, traces its course to London, St. Alban's,
+Weedon, over _Bensford Bridge_,[1] High Cross, Atherstone, Wall,
+Wroxeter, and Chester, from which last place a branch appears to point
+in nearly a straight direction through St. Asaph to Segontium, or Caer
+Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course from
+Wroxeter to Manchester, York, Lancaster, Kendal, and Cockermouth.
+
+Hoveden thinks it was called the Watling Street from Wathe, or Wathla,
+a British king. Spelman fancies it was called Werlam Street, from its
+passing through Verulam. Somner derives the name from the Belgic
+Wentelen, _volvere, versare se, a sinuosis flexibus_. Baxter contends
+that it was made by the original Britons, Weteling, or Oedeling
+signifying in their language, _originarius civis vel ingenuus_.
+Stukeley's opinion, in which he is joined by Whitaker, the Manchester
+historian, is, that it was the Guetheling road--Sarn Guethelin, or the
+road of the Irish, the G being pronounced as a W. Dr. Wilkes says,
+that it is more indented and crooked than other Roman Roads usually
+are, and supposes that it was formed of _Wattles_, which was the idea
+also of Pointer. Mr. Duff is not pleased with the opinion of Camden,
+that it derives its name from an unknown _Vitellianus_, but
+conjectures that its etymology is from the Saxon _Wadla_, a poor man,
+a beggar, because such people resorted to this road for the charity of
+travellers.
+
+Among so many crude and discordant opinions, I shall endeavour to
+substitute another more consistent with the true etymology of the
+word. I agree with the historian of Manchester, that the Roman
+stations were prior to the roads, and that the latter were only the
+channels of communication to the former. The stations commenced during
+the conquest of the country, and all of them were completed at the
+conclusion of it. The roads therefore could not be constructed till
+the first or second summer after the stations were established.
+Whoever has attentively observed the line or direction of the Watling
+Street, must be convinced of the truth of the foregoing observations;
+and the deviation from a straight line, which in many parts is so
+apparent, and so evidently made to enable the Romans to pass from one
+station to another, may be considered conclusive upon this point. I
+therefore have no hesitation in asserting, that the Watling Street Way
+is a Roman road, and probably planned and formed by Vespasian, the
+celebrated Roman general in Britain, who named this road in compliment
+to the emperor, _Vitellius, Vitellii Strata Via_, Watling Street Way.
+Suetonius, in his _Life of Vespasian_, says, (chapter 4,) "_Claudio
+principe, Narcissi gratiâ, legatus in Germaniam missus est
+(Vespasianus;) inde in Britanniam translatus, tricies cum hoste
+conflixit. Duas validissimas gentes, superq viginti oppida, et insulam
+Vectam Britanniae proximam, in deditionem redegit, partim Auli Plautii
+legati, partim Claudii ipsius ductu. Quare triumphalia ornamenta, et
+in spatio brevi, duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum,
+quem gessit per duos novissimos anni menses." Or, "In the reign of
+Claudius, by the interest of Narcissus,[2] he (Vespasian) was sent
+lieutenant general of a legion into Germany, from whence being removed
+into Britain, he engaged the enemy in thirty distinct battles, and
+subjected to the power of the Romans two very strong nations, and
+above twenty great towns, and the Isle of Wight, upon the coast of
+Britain, partly under the command of Aulus Plautius, and partly under
+that of Claudius himself. In reward for these noble services he
+received the triumphal ornaments, and in a short time after, two
+priest's offices, besides the consulship, which he held for the two
+last months of the year."
+
+The same author, in his Life of Vitellius, seems to strengthen or
+rather establish the conjecture of its being the _Vitellii Strata
+Via_, for he says, (chapter 1,) "_indicia, stirpis (Vitelliorum) diu
+mansisse, Viam Vitelliam ab Janiculo ad mare usque, item coloniam
+ejusdem nominis._" Or, "Some monuments of the family continued a long
+time, as the _Vitellian Way_, reaching from the Janiculum to the sea,
+and likewise a colony of that name." From the abovementioned extracts,
+it seems not improbable that one of the thirty battles mentioned by
+Suetonius, might have been fought during the time the Romans were
+forming this road through the Forest of Arden, which extended from
+Henley, in Warwickshire, to Market Harborough, in Leicestershire; and
+that it was called in compliment to Vitellius, the _Vitellian Way_,
+afterwards corrupted to the _Watling Way_.
+
+This road from the Avon, which it passes at Dove Bridge, to the Anker,
+near Atherstone, forms the boundary between the counties of Leicester
+and Warwick. In the month of June, 1824, numerous skulls and bones
+were discovered in a line from the intersection of the road that leads
+from Rugby to Lutterworth, with the Watling Street to Benones or
+Bensford Bridge, the distance not being more than half a mile. These
+bones were lying about two feet below the surface of the ground. Many
+fragments of shields, spear heads, knives, and a sword,[3] placed by
+the side of a skeleton, and at one end touching a funereal urn,[4] and
+likewise several drinking cups, or small vessels, apparently formed of
+half-baked clay, with clasps both of silver and brass, were found
+within the abovementioned distance. On the contrary side of the road
+were discovered beads, glass, and amber, but neither urns,
+spear-heads, or fragments of shields; these relics, therefore,
+probably belonged to the Britons, who fell encountering the Romans, to
+prevent their forming a road through the Forest of Arden. There can be
+little doubt of a battle having been here fought, from the bones,
+urns, and tumuli discovered here and in the adjacent neighbourhood.
+"In this parish (Church Over,") says Dugdale, "upon the old Roman Way,
+called Watling Strete, is to be seen a very great tumulus, which is of
+that magnitude, that it puts travellers beside the usual road," and a
+_Letter_ from Elias Ashmole to Sir Wm. Dugdale,[5] states, "that about
+a mile from hence (that is from Holywell Abbey, now the site of Caves
+Inn,) there is a tumulus raised in the very middle of the high way,
+which methought was worth observing." This tumulus, in an ancient
+deed, is called the Pilgrim's Low. It was removed in making the
+turnpike-road from Banbury to Lutterworth, about the year 1770. In the
+plantations of Abraham Grimes, Esq., within half a mile of the site of
+the former, is another tumulus of smaller dimensions, adjoining the
+road which leads from Rugby to Lutterworth.
+
+These were probably raised in honour of some military chiefs who were
+slain in the battle.
+
+  Si quid novisti rectius istis
+  Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum.
+
+    [1] Probably a corruption of Benones Bridge, as it is within four
+        miles of the Roman station, Benones, now High Cross.
+
+    [2] Vitellius had great weight and influence in the reign of
+        Claudius; Vespasian at that time paid his court to the
+        favourite, and also to Narcissus, the emperor's freedman.
+
+    [3] Now in the possession of the Rev. P. Homer, of Rugby.
+
+    [4] In the possession of Mr. Matthew Bloxam, of the same place.
+
+    [5] Edited by that distinguished and learned antiquary, Wm. Hamper,
+        of Birmingham, Esq., in his _Life of Dugdale_.
+
+R.R.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE PENDRILLS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+I beg to correct the statement of _W.W._ in vol. xiii. page 419,
+respecting this family. It is true that the pension did not expire at
+Richard Pendrill's death--and it is also true that Dr. Pendrill died
+about the time as therein stated--but his son, John Pendrill, died at
+his own residence, near the Seahouses, Eastbourne, last year only,
+(1828,) leaving issue, one son by his first wife, (named John,) and
+one son and three daughters by his second wife; his first son, John,
+now enjoys the pension of 100 marks, and is residing at the Gloucester
+Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, in sound health. The privilege granted to
+this family under the title of "Free Warren," is the liberty of
+shooting, hunting, fishing, &c. upon any of the King's manors, and
+upon the manor on which the party enjoying this pension might reside;
+and I am informed that a certain noble lord made some yearly payment
+or gift to the deceased, John, not to exercise that privilege on his
+manor in Sussex. The pension is payable out of, or secured upon, lands
+in four different counties, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire,
+Herefordshire, and Warwickshire, and entitles the party enjoying it to
+a vote in each of these counties; but whether this has been acted
+upon, I cannot possibly say. I have seen in the possession of a branch
+of this loyal family, only a few days ago, a scarce print of the arms,
+&c. published in 1756, under the regulation of the act of parliament;
+besides other prints on the subject. This family, _being commoners_,
+is I believe, the only one which have supporters.[6]
+
+    [6] Another correspondent, _Amicus_, states that the grant of the
+        Pension was in the possession of the Rector of Cheriton, in
+        Hampshire, and was "lost by him to Government, a short time
+        before his death, in the year 1825."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FRIENDS OF THE DEAD.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  They've seen him laid, all cold and low;
+    They've flung the flat stone o'er his breast:
+  And Summer's sun, and Winter's snow
+    May never mar his dreamless rest!
+  They've left him to his long decay;
+    The banner waves above his head:
+  Funereal is their rich array,
+    But hark! how speak they of the dead.
+
+  In his own hall, they've pledg'd to him
+    'Mid mirth, and minstrelsy divine;
+  When, at the crystal goblet's brim
+    Hath flash'd, the od'rous rosy wine;
+  When viands from all lands afar
+    Have grac'd the shining, sumptuous board,
+  And _now_, they'd prove their vaunted star,
+    The Cobbold, of his priceless hoard.[7]
+
+  Hark! how they scandalize the _dead_!
+    They spake not thus,--(their patron _here_)
+  When they were proud to break his bread,
+    To watch his faintest smile, and fear
+  His latent frown; they did not speak
+    Of vices, follies, meanness: _then_
+  A _crime_ in him, had been, "the freak
+    Of youth," and "worthiest _he_, of men!"
+
+  Off with those garbs of woe, _false_ friends!
+    Those sadden'd visages, all feign'd!
+  Or have ye yet, some golden ends
+    To be, by Death's own liv'ries gain'd?
+  _Ye_ mourn the dead forsooth! who say
+    That which should shame the lordly hall
+  His late ancestral home! Away!
+    And dream that he hath _heard_ it all!
+
+    [7] _Cobbold_, in mining countries, especially Cornwall, is the
+        legendary guardian spirit of the mine, and severe master of
+        its treasures. In Germany, Sweden, &c. the Cobbold may be
+        traced under various modifications and titles.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+The Cosmopolite.
+
+
+
+FOOD OF VARIOUS NATIONS.
+
+(_Conclusion_.)
+
+
+The diet of the _Frenchman_, is chiefly vegetable, and his _frogs_ are
+rarities reserved for the delectation of the opulent, and answering,
+in some degree, to the brains and tongues of singing-birds amongst
+ancient epicures; since, after being subjected to a peculiar process
+of fattening and purifying, only the legs of these animals are eaten.
+Light wines, beer, sugar and water, strong coffee, and a variety of
+delicious liqueurs, are drunk by the French, but they have shown
+themselves capable of conforming to the English taste in a relish for
+stronger potations. _Spaniards_ of all ranks, use fruit, vegetables,
+fish, and olives, for their principal diet, and oil and garlic are
+used plentifully in their culinary operations; chocolate is their
+chief beverage, but at dinner ladies drink nothing but water, and
+gentlemen a little wine. The fare of the _Portuguese_ peasantry is
+meagre in the extreme, although, they are, in fact, surrounded with
+the abundant luxuries of nature; a piece of black bread and a pickled
+pilchard, or head of garlic, is their usual subsistence, but a salted
+cod is a feast. In _Italy_, ice-water and lemonade are luxuries
+essential to the existence of all classes, and the inferior ones, who
+never inebriate themselves with spirituous liquors, can procure them
+at a cheap rate; macaroni and fruit are chief articles of food, but
+the Italians are great gourmands, and delight in dishes swimming in
+oil, which, to an English ear, sounds very disgustingly; however, it
+must be remembered, that oil in Italy is so pure and fresh, that it
+answers every purpose of our newest butter. A gentleman who had
+resided some time in this country, informs us, that by the Italians,
+_puppy-broth_ was reckoned a sovereign remedy in some slight
+indispositions, and that he has constantly seen in the markets young
+dogs skinned for sale. Of the _Turks_, the ordinary food is rice,
+sometimes boiled with gravy, and sometimes made into _pilan_; a kind
+of curry composed of mutton and fowl stewed to rags, and highly
+seasoned gravy. This is eaten with their fingers, since they have
+neither knives nor forks, and the Koran prohibits the use of gold and
+silver spoons. Coffee and sherbet are their ordinary beverages, and by
+the higher classes of "the faithful," wine is drunk in private, but an
+intoxication of a singular and destructive description, is produced by
+opium, which the Turks chew in immoderate quantities. The food of the
+_Circassians_ consists of a little meat, millet-paste, and a kind of
+beer fermented from millet. The _Tartars_ are not fond of beef and
+veal, but admire horse-flesh; they prefer to drink, before any thing
+else, mare's milk, and produce from it, by keeping it in sour skins, a
+strong spirit termed _koumiss_. The _Jakutians_ (a Tartar tribe)
+esteem horse-flesh as the greatest possible dainty; they eat raw the
+fat of horses and oxen, and drink melted butter with avidity; but
+bread is rare. The favourite food of the _Kalmuc Tartars_ is
+horse-flesh, eaten raw sometimes, but commonly dried in the sun; dogs,
+cats, rats, marmots, and other small animals and vermin are also eaten
+by them; but neither vegetables, bread nor fruits; and they drink
+koumiss; than which, scarcely any thing can be more disgusting,
+except, perhaps, that beverage of the South Sea islanders, prepared by
+means of leaves being masticated by a large company, and spit into a
+bowl of water. The diet of the _Kamtschatdales_, is chiefly fish,
+variously prepared; _huigal_, which is neither more nor less than fish
+laid in a pit until _putrid_, is a _luxury_ with this people! They are
+fond of caviar, made of roes of fish, and scarcely less disgusting
+than huigal. A pound of dry caviar will last a Kamtschatdale on a
+journey for a considerable time, since he finds bread to eat with it
+in the bark of every birch and elder he meets with. These people boil
+the fat of the whale and walrus with roots of _setage_. A principal
+dish at their feasts, consists of various roots and berries pounded
+with caviar, and mixed with the melted fat of whale and seal. They are
+fond of spirits, but commonly drink water. For the _Arabs_, lizards
+and locusts, afford food, but with better articles. The _Persians_
+live like the Turks, or nearly so, but for the want of spoons, knives,
+and forks, their feasts, if the provisions are good in themselves, are
+disgusting; besides which, the _sofera_, or cloth on which the dinner
+is spread, is, from a superstitious notion that changing is unlucky,
+so intolerably dirty and offensive in odour, that the stranger can
+scarcely endure to sit beside it. With the _Chinese_, rice is the
+"staff of life," but all kinds of animal food are eagerly devoured;
+and pedlars offering for sale rats, cats, and dogs, may be seen in the
+streets of Chinese towns. It is uncertain whether a depraved taste or
+lack of superior animal food, induces a really civilized people to
+devour such flesh. Weak tea, without sugar, or milk, is the common
+beverage of the Chinese; in the use of ardent spirits they are
+moderate. The _Peguese_, worshipping crocodiles, will drink no water
+but from the ditches wherein those creatures abound, and consequently
+are frequently devoured by them. The _Siamese_, besides a variety of
+superior food, eat rats, lizards, and some kinds of insects. The
+_Battas_ of Sumatra, prefer _human flesh_ to all other, and speak with
+rapture of the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Warm water is
+the usual beverage of the _Manilla_ islanders. The _Japanese_, amongst
+other things, drink a kind of beer distilled from rice, and called
+_sacki_; it is kept constantly warm, and drunk after every morsel they
+eat. Cocoa-nut milk and water, is the common beverage of the natives
+of the _New Hebrides_. In _New Caledonia_ so great is the scarcity of
+food, that the natives make constant war for the sake of eating their
+prisoners, and sometimes, to assuage the cravings of hunger, they bind
+ligatures tightly round their bodies and swallow oleaginous earth. The
+_New Zealanders_ are cannibals sometimes in a dearth, and to gratify a
+spirit of vengeance against their enemies. The _New Hollanders_, near
+the sea, subsist on fish eaten raw, or nearly so; should a whale be
+cast ashore, it is never abandoned until its bones are picked; their
+substitute for bread, and that which forms their chief subsistence, is
+a species of fern roasted, pounded between stones, and mixed with
+fish. The general beverage of the negro tribes is palm-wine. No
+disgust is evinced by the _Bosjesman Hottentots_ at the most nauseous
+food, and having shot an animal with a poisoned arrow, their only
+precaution, previous to tearing it in pieces and devouring it raw, is
+to cut out the envenomed part. Half a dozen Bosjesmans, will eat a fat
+sheep in an hour; they use no salt, and seldom drink anything,
+probably from the succulent nature of their food. The _Caffres_ live
+chiefly on milk; they have no poultry, nor do they eat eggs. When
+flesh is boiled, each member of a family helps himself from the kettle
+with a pointed stick, and eats it in his hand. Their substitute for
+bread, which is made of Caffre-corn, a sort of millet, is the pith of
+a palm, indigenous to the country.
+
+The _Lattakoos_ eat, with equal zest, the flesh of elephants,
+rhinoceroses, tigers, giraffes, quaggas, &c.; and sometimes, under an
+idea that it confers valour, human flesh, of which they have otherwise
+great abhorrence. They are very disgusting in their manner of
+preparing food. The _Abyssinians_ usually eat the flesh of cattle raw,
+and sometimes, although we believe the fact has been much
+controverted, immediately as it is cut from the living animals. The
+_Bisharye_, a tribe of Bedouin Arabs, eat raw flesh, drink raw sheep's
+blood, and esteem the raw marrow of camels their greatest dainty.
+
+The _Patagonians_ eat raw flesh with no regard to cleanliness. The
+_Greenlanders_ subsist on fish, seals, and sea-fowls, prepared and
+devoured in manners truly disgusting; train-oil is their sauce, and
+the blood of seals, their favourite beverage! Some of the _North
+American Indians_ diet on the flesh of the sea-dog, parts of the whale
+and its fat, and an oil made of the blubber of both of these animals.
+Whilst, singular is the contrast, some of the _South American_ tribes,
+are able to digest monkeys, blackened in, and dried by fire, to such a
+degree of wood-like hardness, as to be rendered capable of keeping, we
+dare not say how long.
+
+_Chacun à son gout_, says one proverb, but we trust that the readers
+of this paper will, whenever they feel themselves inclined to quarrel
+with _English_ fare, pause, and remember, another, viz.:--"A man may
+go further and fare worse."
+
+M.L.B
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR TENURE.
+
+
+Among the records in the Tower of London, is one to the following
+effect:--King John gave several lands at Kipperton and Alterton, in
+Kent, to Solomon Atlefield to be held by this service:--"That as often
+as the King should please to cross the sea, the said Solomon or his
+heirs, should be obliged to go with him, to hold his majesty's head if
+there be occasion for it;" that is, should his majesty be sea-sick.
+And it appears by the record, that this same office of head-holding
+was accordingly performed afterwards, in the reign of Edward the
+First.
+
+R.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The custom of the manor of Woodford, Essex, is _Borough-English_, by
+which the youngest son inherits.
+
+The origin of this custom has been a subject of much dispute; but it
+appears to have prevailed greatly among the East Saxons. Dr. Plot
+conjectured, that it was introduced by the lord of the manor's
+claiming the right of enjoying the bride, daughter of his tenant, on
+the wedding-night; therefore the villain or slave, doubting whether
+the eldest son was his own, made the youngest his heir. This custom
+prevailed among the Ancient Britons before there were either Saxons or
+villains.
+
+By the laws of succession among the Ancient Britons, a man's land at
+his death did not descend to his eldest son, but was equally divided
+among all his sons; and when any dispute arose, it was determined by
+the Druids. The youngest son, it appears, was more favoured than the
+eldest or any of his brothers. "When the brothers have divided their
+father's estate, the youngest shall have the best house, with all the
+office-houses, the implements of husbandry, his father's kettle, his
+axe for cutting wood, and his knife. These three last things the
+father cannot give away by gift, nor leave by his last will to any but
+his youngest son, and if they are pledged they shall be redeemed."
+
+To account for this law is not very difficult. The elder brothers of a
+family were supposed to have left their father's house before his
+death, and obtained a house and necessaries of their own; but the
+youngest, by reason of his tender age, was considered as more
+helpless, and not so well provided. Halbert H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STORM RAISING
+
+
+The dread of storm raisers is universally prevalent amongst the
+Italian peasantry, and especially in mountainous districts. A Danish
+botanist, journeying alone upon an ass through the mountains of
+Abruzzi, was involved in several perilous adventures by this
+superstitious terror of the peasantry. They had for some time seen him
+collecting plants amongst the unfrequented cliffs and ravines, and
+watched his proceedings with suspicious curiosity. A few days later
+their district was ravaged by a succession of storms, their suspicions
+grew into certainty, and, assembling in considerable numbers, they
+attacked the unconscious botanist with a volley of stones, and cursed
+him as a storm-raising enchanter. He made vehement protestations of
+his innocence, but the enraged peasants took forcible possession of
+his collection, which they minutely examined. Finding only some
+harmless leaves and blossoms, and no roots, their fury abated, and,
+although it was suggested by some that he had probably used the roots
+in his incantations, the unfortunate herbalist was at length dismissed
+with fierce menaces, that if he dared to take a single root from the
+ground, it would cost him his life. In the mountains near Rome, the
+peasants regard with suspicion a singular costume, a stern cast of
+countenance, or any striking personal formation, in the strangers who
+arrive there. All travellers, thus peculiarly marked, are supposed to
+be enchanters and treasure-seekers, and the young Germans, in their
+black dresses, untrimmed beards, and long hair, are especial objects
+of suspicion.--_Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEAPOLITAN SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+The Neapolitan sailors never go to sea without a box of small images
+or puppets, some of which are patron saints, inherited from their
+progenitors, while others are more modern, but of tried efficacy in
+the hour of peril. When a storm overtakes the vessel, the sailors
+leave her to her fate, and bring upon deck the box of saints, one of
+which is held up, and loudly prayed to for assistance. The storm,
+however, increases, and the obstinate or powerless saint is vehemently
+abused, and thrown upon the deck. Others are held up, prayed to,
+abused, and thrown down in succession, until the heavens become more
+propitious. The storm abates, all danger disappears, the saint last
+prayed to acquires the reputation of miraculous efficacy, and, after
+their return to Naples, is honoured with prayers.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LENGTH AND FINENESS OF THE SILKWORM'S WEB, &c.
+
+
+Baker in _The Microscope made Easy_, says, "A silkworm's web being
+examined, appeared perfectly smooth and shining, every where equal,
+and much finer than any thread the best spinster in the world can
+make, as the smallest twine is finer than the thickest cable. A pod of
+this silk being wound off, was found to contain 930 yards; but it is
+proper to take notice, that as two threads are glewed together by the
+worm through its whole length, it makes double the above number, or
+1,860 yards; which being weighed with the utmost exactness, were found
+no heavier than two grains and a half. What an exquisite fineness is
+here! and yet, this is nothing when compared with the web of a small
+spider, or even with the silk that issued from the mouth of this very
+worm, when but newly hatched from the egg."
+
+Under the article _Silk_, in _Rees's Cyclopaedia_, the writer says,
+"that those who have examined it attentively, think they speak within
+compass, when they affirm that each ball contains silk enough to reach
+the length of _six_ English miles."
+
+Baker tells us, "not to neglect the _skins_ these animals cast off
+three times before they begin to spin; for the eyes, mouth, teeth,
+ornaments of the head, and many other parts may be discovered better
+in the _cast_-off skins than in the real animal."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CUCKOO
+
+
+Mr. Jerdan, editor of the _Literary Gazette_, in a letter to Mr.
+Loudon, says, "about fifteen years ago I obtained a cuckoo from the
+nest of (I think) a hedge sparrow, at Old Brompton, where I then
+resided. It was rather curious, as being within ten yards of my house,
+Cromwell Cottage, and in a narrow and much frequented lane, leading
+from near Gloucester Lodge to Kensington. This bird I reared and kept
+alive till late in January; when it fell suddenly from its perch,
+while feeding on a rather large dew worm. It was buried: but I had,
+long afterwards, strange misgivings, that my poor feathered favourite
+was only choked by his food, or in a fit of some kind--his apparent
+death was so extremely unexpected from his health and liveliness at
+the time. I assure you that I regretted my loss much, my bird being in
+full plumage and a very handsome creature. He was quite tame, for in
+autumn I used to set him on a branch of a tree in the garden, while I
+dug worms for him to dine upon, and he never attempted more than a
+short friendly flight. During the coldest weather, and it was rather a
+sharp winter, my only precaution was, nearly to cover his cage with
+flannel; and when I used to take it off, more or less, on coming into
+my breakfast room in the morning, I was recognised by him with
+certainly not all the cry "unpleasant to a married ear," but with its
+full half "_Cuck_! _Cuck_!"--the only sounds or notes I ever heard
+from my bird. Though trifling, these facts may be so far curious as
+illustrating the natural history of a remarkable genus, and I have
+great pleasure in offering them for your excellent Journal." _Mag.
+Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICAL SNAILS.
+
+
+As I was sitting in my room, on the first floor, about nine P.M. (4th
+of October last), I was surprised with what I supposed to be the notes
+of a bird, under or upon the sill of a window. My impression was, that
+they somewhat resembled the notes of a wild duck in its nocturnal
+flight, and, at times, the twitter of a redbreast, in quick
+succession. To be satisfied on the subject, I carefully removed the
+shutter, and, to my surprise, found it was a garden snail, which, in
+drawing itself along the glass, had produced sounds similar to those
+elicited from the musical glasses.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BEWICK.
+
+
+In the museum at Newcastle are many of the identical specimens from
+which the illustrious townsman Bewick drew his figures for the
+wood-cuts which embellish his unique and celebrated work. This truly
+amiable man, and, beyond all comparison, greatest genius Newcastle has
+ever produced, died on the 8th of November last, in the 76th year of
+his age. He continued to the last in the enjoyment of all his
+faculties; his single-heartedness and enthusiasm not a jot abated, and
+his wonder-working pencil still engaged in tracing, with his wonted
+felicity and fidelity, those objects which had all his life afforded
+him such delight, and which have charmed, and must continue to charm,
+all those who have any relish for the pure and simple beauties of
+nature.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[Illustration: The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus.]
+
+
+  Learn of the little Nautilus to sail,
+  Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
+
+This species of shell-fish, (see the cut,) is named from _Argonautes_,
+the companions of Jason, in the celebrated ship, Argo, and from the
+Latin _naus_, a ship; the shells of all the Nautili having the
+appearance of a ship with a very high poop. The shell of this
+interesting creature is no thicker than paper, and divided into forty
+compartments or chambers, through every one of which a portion of its
+body passes, connected as it were, by a thread. In the cut it is
+represented as sailing, when it expands two of its arms on high, and
+between these supports a membrane which serves as a sail, hanging the
+two other arms out of its shell, to serve as oars, the office of
+steerage being generally served by the tail.
+
+The shell of the Nautilus being exceedingly thin and fragile, the
+tenant has many enemies, and among others the Trochus who makes war on
+it with unrelenting fury. Pursued by this cruel foe, it ascends to the
+top of the water, spreads its little sail to catch the flying breeze,
+and rowing with all its might, scuds along, like a galley in
+miniature, and often escapes its more cumbrous pursuer. Sometimes,
+however, all will not do, the Trochus nears and nears, and escape
+appears impossible; but when the little animal, with inexplicable
+ingenuity, suddenly and secretly extricates itself from its tortuous
+and fragile dwelling, the Trochus immediately turns to other prey. The
+Nautilus then returns to tenant and repair its little bark; but it too
+often happens, that before he can regain it, it is by a species of
+shipwreck, dashed to pieces on the shore. Thus wretchedly situated,
+this hero of the testaceous tribe seeks some obscure corner "where to
+die," but which seldom, if ever, happens, until after he has made
+extraordinary exertions to establish himself anew. What a fine picture
+of virtue nobly struggling with misfortune.[8]
+
+When the sea is calm, whole fleets of these Nautili may be seen
+diverting themselves; but when a storm rises, or they are disturbed,
+they draw in their legs, take in as much water as makes them
+specifically heavier, than that in which they float, and then sink to
+the bottom. When they rise again they void this water by numerous
+holes, of which their legs are full. The other species of Nautilus,
+whose shell is thick, never quits that habitation. The shells of both
+varieties are exceedingly beautiful when polished, and produce high
+prices among Conchologists.
+
+It is easy to conceive that the ingenious habits of this wonderful
+creature may have suggested to man the power of sailing upon the sea,
+and of the various apparatus by which he effects that object. The
+whole creation abounds with similar instances of Nature ministering to
+the proud purposes of art: one of them, the origin of the Gothic Arch
+from the "high o'erarching groves," is mentioned by Warburton, in his
+_Divine Legation_, and is a sublime lesson for besotted man.
+
+    [8] Magazine of Natural History, No.1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+AND
+LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VIDOCQ.
+
+
+[We have abridged one of the most striking chapters in the very
+extraordinary history of Vidocq; premising that the interest of the
+adventure will compensate for the space it here occupies.]
+
+A short time before the first invasion (1814), M. Senard, one of the
+richest jewellers of the Palais Royal, having gone to pay a visit to
+his friend the Curè of Livry, found him in one of those perplexities
+which are generally caused by the approach of our good friends the
+enemy. He was anxious to secrete from the rapacity of the cossacks
+first the consecrated vessels, and then his own little treasures.
+After much hesitation, although in his situation he must have been
+used to interments, Monsieur le Curè decided on burying the objects
+which he was anxious to save, and M. Senard, who, like the other
+gossips and misers, imagined that Paris would be given over to
+pillage, determined to cover up, in a similar way, the most precious
+articles in his shop. It was agreed that the riches of the pastor and
+those of the jeweller should be deposited in the same hole. But, then,
+who was to dig the said hole? One of the singers in church was the
+very pearl of honest fellows, father Moiselet, and in him every
+confidence could be reposed. He would not touch a penny that did not
+belong to him. The hole, made with much skill, was soon ready to
+receive the treasure which it was intended to preserve, and six feet
+of earth were cast on the specie of the Curè, to which were united
+diamonds worth 100,000 crowns, belonging to M. Senard, and enclosed in
+a small box. The hollow filled up, the ground was so well flattened,
+that one would have betted with the devil that it had not been stirred
+since the creation. "This good Moiselet," said M. Senard, rubbing his
+hands, "has done it all admirably. Now, gentlemen cossacks, you must
+have fine noses if you find it out!" At the end of a few days the
+allied armies made further progress, and clouds of Kirguiz, Kalmucs,
+and Tartars, of all hordes and all colours, appeared in the environs
+of Paris. These unpleasant guests are, it is well known, very greedy
+for plunder: they made, every where, great ravages; they passed no
+habitation without exacting tribute: but in their ardour for pillage
+they did not confine themselves to the surface, all belonged to them
+to the centre of the globe; and that they might not be frustrated in
+their pretensions, these intrepid geologists made a thousand
+excavations, which, to the regret of the naturalists of the country,
+proved to them, that in France the mines of gold or silver are not so
+deep as in Peru. Such a discovery was well calculated to give them
+additional energy; they dug with unparalleled activity, and the spoil
+they found in many places of concealment threw the Croesuses of many
+cantons into perfect despair. The cursed Cossacks! But yet the
+instinct which so surely led them to the spot where treasure was
+hidden, did not guide them to the hiding place of the Curè. It was
+like the blessing of heaven, each morning the sun rose and nothing
+new; nothing new when it set.
+
+Most decidedly the finger of heaven must be recognised in the
+impenetrability of the mysterious inhumation performed by Moiselet. M.
+Senard was so fully convinced of it, that he actually mingled
+thanksgivings with the prayers which he made for the preservation and
+repose of his diamonds. Persuaded that his vows would be heard, in
+growing security he began to sleep more soundly, when one fine day,
+which was, of all days in the week, a Friday, Moiselet, more dead than
+alive, ran to the Curè's.
+
+"Ah, sir, I can scarcely speak."
+
+"What's the matter, Moiselet?"
+
+"I dare not tell you. Poor M. le Curè, this affects me deeply, I am
+paralyzed. If my veins were open not a drop of blood would flow."
+
+"What is the matter? You alarm me."
+
+"The hole."
+
+"Mercy! I want to learn no more. Oh, what a terrible scourge is war!
+Jeanneton, Jeanneton, come quickly, my shoes and hat."
+
+"But, sir, you have not breakfasted."
+
+"Oh, never mind breakfast."
+
+"You know, sir, when you go out fasting you have such spasms----."
+
+"My shoes, I tell you."
+
+"And then you complain of your stomach."
+
+"I shall have no want of a stomach again all my life. Never any
+more--no, never--ruined."
+
+"Ruined--Jesu--Maria! Is it possible? Ah! sir, run then,--run--."
+
+Whilst the Curè dressed himself in haste, and, impatient to buckle the
+strap, could scarcely put on his shoes, Moiselet, in a most lamentable
+tone, told him what he had seen.
+
+"Are you sure of it?" said the Curè, perhaps they did not take all."
+
+"Ah, sir, God grant it, but I had not courage enough to look."
+
+They went together towards the old barn, when they found that the
+spoliation had been complete. Reflecting on the extent of his loss,
+the Curè nearly fell to the ground. Moiselet was in a most pitiable
+state; the dear man afflicted himself more than if the loss had been
+his own. It was terrific to hear his sighs and groans. This was the
+result of love to one's neighbour. M. Senard little thought how great
+was the desolation at Livry. What was his despair on receiving the
+news of the event! In Paris the police is the providence of people who
+have lost any thing. The first idea, and the most natural one, that
+occurred to M. Senard was, that the robbery had been committed by the
+Cossacks, and, in such a case, the police could not avail him
+materially; but M. Senard took care not to suspect the Cossacks.
+
+One Monday when I was in the office of M. Henry, I saw one of those
+little abrupt, brisk men enter, who, at the first glance, we are
+convinced are interested and distrustful: it was M. Senard, who
+briefly related his mishap, and concluded by saying, that he had
+strong suspicions of Moiselet. M. Henry thought also that he was the
+author of the robbery, and I agreed with both. "It is very well," he
+said, "but still our opinion is only founded on conjecture, and if
+Moiselet keeps his own counsel we shall have no chance of convicting
+him. It will be impossible."
+
+"Impossible!" cried M. Senard, "what will become of me? No, no, I
+shall not vainly implore your succour. Do not you know all? can you
+not do all when you choose? My diamonds! my poor diamonds! I will give
+one hundred thousand francs to get them back again."
+
+[Vidocq promises to recover the jewels, and the jeweller offers him
+10,000 francs.]
+
+In spite of successive abatements of M. Senard, in proportion as he
+believed the discovery probable, I promised to exert every effort in
+my power to effect the desired result. But before any thing could be
+undertaken, it was necessary that a formal complaint should be made;
+and M. Senard and the Curè, thereupon, went to Pontoise, and the
+declaration being consequently made, and the robbery stated, Moiselet
+was taken up and interrogated. They tried every means to make him
+confess his guilt; but he persisted in avowing himself innocent, and,
+for lack of proof to the contrary, the charge was about to be dropped
+altogether, when to preserve it for a time, I set an agent of mine to
+work. He, clothed in a military uniform, with his left arm in a sling,
+went with a billet to the house where Moiselet's wife lived. He was
+supposed to have just left the hospital, and was only to stay at Livry
+for forty-eight hours; but a few moments after his arrival, he had a
+fall, and a pretended sprain suddenly occurred, which put it out of
+his power to continue his route. It was then indispensable for him to
+delay, and the mayor decided that he should remain with the cooper's
+wife until further orders.
+
+The cooper's wife was charmed with his many little attentions. The
+soldier could write, and became her secretary; but the letters which
+she addressed to her dear husband were of a nature not to compromise
+her--not the least expression that can have a twofold construction--it
+was innocence corresponding with innocence. At length, after a few
+day's experience, I was convinced that my agent, in spite of his
+talent, would draw no profit from his mission. I then resolved to
+manoeuvre in person, and, disguised as a travelling hawker, I began to
+visit the environs of Livry. I was one of those Jews who deal in every
+thing,--clothes, jewels, &c. &c.; and I took in exchange gold, silver,
+jewels, in fact, all that was offered me. An old female robber, who
+knew the neighbourhood perfectly, accompanied me in my tour: she was
+the widow of a celebrated thief, Germain Boudier, called Father
+Latuil, who, after having undergone half-a-dozen sentences, died at
+last at Saint Pelagie. I flattered myself that Madame Moiselet,
+seduced by her eloquence, and by our merchandize, would bring out the
+store of the Curè's crowns, some brilliant of the purest water, nay,
+even the chalice or paten, in case the bargain should be to her
+liking. My calculation was not verified; the cooper's wife was in no
+haste to make a bargain, and her coquetry did not get the better of
+her.
+
+The Jew hawker was soon metamorphosed into a German servant; and under
+this disguise I began to ramble about the vicinity of Pontoise, with a
+design of being apprehended. I sought out the gendarmes, whilst I
+pretended to avoid them; but they, thinking I wished to get away from
+them, demanded a sight of my papers. Of course I had none, and they
+desired me to accompany them to a magistrate, who, knowing nothing of
+the jargon in which I replied to his questions, desired to know what
+money I had; and a search was forthwith commenced in his presence. My
+pockets contained some money and valuables, the possession of which
+seemed to astonish him. The magistrate, as curious as a commissary,
+wished to know how they came into my hands; and I sent him to the
+devil with two or three Teutonic oaths, of the most polished kind; and
+he, to teach me better manners another time, sent me to prison.
+
+Once more the iron bolts were drawn upon me. At the moment of my
+arrival, the prisoners were playing in the prison yard, and the jailer
+introduced me amongst them in these terms, "I bring you a murderer of
+the parts of speech; understand him if you can."
+
+They immediately flocked about me, and I was accosted with salutations
+of _Landsman_ and _Meinheer_ without end. During this reception, I
+looked out for the cooper of Livry.
+
+[He meets with him.]
+
+"Mossié, Mossié," I said, addressing the prisoner, who seemed to think
+I said Moiselet, "Mossié Fine Hapit, (not knowing his name, I so
+designated him, because his coat was the colour of flesh,) sacrement,
+ter teufle, no tongue to me; yer François, I miseraple, I trink vine;
+faut trink for gelt, plack vine."
+
+I pointed to his hat, which was black; he did not understand me; but
+on making a gesture that I wanted to drink, he found me perfectly
+intelligible. All the buttons of my great coat were twenty-franc
+pieces; I gave him one: he asked if they had brought the wine, and
+soon afterwards I heard a turnkey say,
+
+"Father Moiselet, I have taken up two bottles for you." The
+flesh-coloured coat was then Moiselet. I followed him into his room,
+and we began to drink with all our might. Two other bottles arrived;
+we only went on in couples. Moiselet, in his capacity of chorister,
+cooper, sexton, &c. &c. was no less a sot than gossip; he got tipsy
+with great good-will, and incessantly spoke to me in the jargon I had
+assumed.
+
+Matters progressed well; after two or three hours such as these I
+pretended to get stupid. Moiselet, to set me to rights, gave me a cup
+of coffee without sugar; after coffee came glasses of water. No one
+can conceive the care which my new friend took of me; but when
+drunkenness is of such a nature it is like death--all care is useless.
+Drunkenness overpowered me. I went to bed and slept; at least Moiselet
+thought so; but I saw him many times fill my glass and his own, and
+gulp them both down. The next day, when I awoke, he paid me the
+balance, three francs and fifty centimes, which, according to him,
+remained from the twenty-franc piece. I was an excellent companion;
+Moiselet found me so, and never quitted me. I finished the
+twenty-franc piece with him, and then produced one of forty francs,
+which vanished as quickly. When he saw it drunk out also he feared it
+was the last.
+
+"Your button again," said he to me, in a tone of extreme anxiety, and
+yet very comical.
+
+I showed him another coin. "Ah, your large button again," he shouted
+out, jumping for joy.
+
+This button went the same way as all the other buttons, until at
+length, by dint of drinking together, Moiselet understood and spoke my
+language almost as well as I did myself, and we could then disclose
+our troubles to each other. Moiselet was very curious to know my
+history, and that which I trumped up was exactly adapted to inspire
+the confidence I wished to create.
+
+"My master and I come to France--I was tomestic--master of mein
+Austrian marechal--Austrian with de gelt in family. Master always
+roving, always gay, joint regiment at Montreau. Montreau, oh, mein
+Gott, great, great pattle--many sleep no more but in death. Napoleon
+coom--poum, poum go gannon. Prusse, Austrian, Rousse all disturb. I,
+too, much disturb. Go on my ways with master mein, with my havresac on
+mein horse--poor teufel was I--but there was gelt in it. Master mein
+say, 'Galop, Fritz.' I called Fritz in home mein. Fritz galop to
+Pondi--there halt Fritz--place havresac not visible; and if I get
+again to Yarmany with havresac, me rich becomen, mistress mein rich,
+father mein rich, you too rich."
+
+Although the narrative was not the cleverest in the world, father
+Moiselet swallowed it all as gospel; he saw well that during the
+battle of Montereau, I had fled with my master's portmanteau, and
+hidden it in the forest of Bondy. The confidence did not astonish him,
+and had the effect of acquiring for me an increase of his affection.
+This augmentation of friendship, after a confession which exposed me
+as a thief, proved to me that he had an accommodating conscience. I
+thenceforth remained convinced that he knew better than any other
+person what had become of the diamonds of M. Senard, and that it only
+depended on him to give me full and accurate information.
+
+One evening, after a good dinner, I was boasting to him of the
+delicacies of the Rhine: he heaved a deep sigh, and then asked me if
+there was good wine in that country.
+
+"Yes, yes," I answered, "goot vine and charming girl."
+
+"Charming girl too!"
+
+"Ya, ya."
+
+"Landsman, shall I go with you."
+
+"Ya, ya, me grat content."
+
+"Ah, you content, well! I quit France, yield the old woman, (he showed
+me by his fingers that Madame Moiselet was three-and-thirty,) and in
+your land I take little girl no more as fifteen years."
+
+"Ya, bien, a girl no infant: a! you is a brave lad."
+
+Moiselet returned more than once to his project of emigration; he
+thought seriously of it, but to emigrate liberty was requisite, and
+they were not inclined to let us go out. I suggested to him that he
+should escape with me on the first opportunity--and when he had
+promised me that we would not separate, not even to take a last adieu
+of his wife, I was certain that I should soon have him in my toils.
+This certainly was the result of very simple reasoning. Moiselet, said
+I to myself, will follow me to Germany: people do not travel or live
+on air: he relies on living well there: he is old, and, like king
+Solomon, proposes to tickle his fancy with some little Abishag of
+Sunem. Oh, father Moiselet has found the _black hen_; here he has no
+money, therefore his black hen is not here; but where is she? We shall
+soon learn, for we are to be henceforward inseparable.
+
+As soon as my man had made all his reflections, and that, with his
+head full of his castles in Germany, he had so soon resolved to
+expatriate himself, I addressed to the king's attorney-general a
+letter, in which, making myself known as the superior agent of the
+Police de Sûreté, I begged him to give an order that I should be sent
+away with Moiselet, he to go to Livry, and I to Paris.
+
+We did not wait long for the order, and the jailer announced it to us,
+on the eve of its being put into execution; and I had the night before
+me to fortify Moiselet in his resolutions. He persisted in them more
+strongly than ever, and acceded with rapture to the proposition I made
+him of effecting an escape from our escort as soon as it was feasible.
+
+So anxious was he to commence his journey, that he could not sleep. At
+daybreak, I gave him to understand that I took him for a thief as well
+as myself.
+
+"Ah, ah, grip also," said I to him, "deep, deep François, you not
+spoken, but tief all as von."
+
+He made me no answer; but when, with my fingers squeezed together _à
+la Normande_, he saw me make a gesture of grasping something, he could
+not prevent himself from smiling, with that bashful expression of
+_Yes_, which he had not courage to utter. The hypocrite had some shame
+about him, the shame of a devotee. I was understood.
+
+At length the wished-for moment of departure came, which was to enable
+us to accomplish our designs. Moiselet was ready three whole hours
+beforehand, and to give him courage, I had not neglected to push about
+the wine and brandy, and he did not leave the prison until after
+having received all his sacraments.
+
+We were tied with a very thin cord, and on our way he made me a signal
+that there would be no difficulty in breaking it. He did not think
+that he should break the charm which had till then preserved him. The
+further we went the more he testified that he placed his hopes of
+safety in me; at each minute he reiterated a prayer that I would not
+abandon him; and I as often replied, "Ya, François, ya, I not leave
+you." At length the decisive moment came, the cord was broken. I
+leaped a ditch, which separated us from a thicket. Moiselet, who
+seemed young again, jumped after me: one of the gendarmes alighted to
+follow us, but to run and jump in jack-boots and with a heavy sword
+was difficult; and whilst he made a circuit to join us, we disappeared
+in a hollow, and were soon lost to view.
+
+A path into which we struck led us to the wood of Vaujours. There
+Moiselet stopped, and having looked carefully about him, went towards
+some bushes. I saw him then stoop, plunge his arm into a thick tuft,
+whence he took out a spade: arising quickly, he went on some paces
+without saying a word; and when we reached a birch tree, several of
+the boughs of which I observed were broken, he took off his hat and
+coat, and began to dig. He went to work with so much good-will, that
+his labour rapidly advanced. Suddenly he stooped down, and then
+escaped from him that ha! which betokens satisfaction, and which
+informed me, without the use of a conjuror's rod, that he had found
+his treasure. I thought the cooper would have fainted; but recovering
+himself, he made two or three more strokes with his spade, and the box
+was exposed to view. I seized on the instrument of his toil, and
+suddenly changing my language, declared, in very good French, that he
+was my prisoner.
+
+"No resistance," I said, "or I will cleave your skull in two."
+
+At this threat he seemed in a dream; but when he knew that he was
+gripped by that iron hand which had subdued the most vigorous
+malefactors, he was convinced that it was no vision. Moiselet was as
+quiet as a lamb. I had sworn not to leave him, and kept my word.
+During the journey to the station of the brigade of gendarmerie, where
+I deposited him, he frequently cried out,
+
+"I am done--who could have thought it? and he had such a simple look
+too!"
+
+At the assizes of Versailles, Moiselet was sentenced to six months'
+solitary confinement.
+
+M. Senard was overpowered with joy at having recovered his hundred
+thousand crowns worth of diamonds. Faithful to his system of
+abatement, he reduced the reward one-half; and still there was
+difficulty in getting five thousand francs from him, out of which I
+had been compelled to expend more than two thousand: in fact, at one
+moment I really thought I should have been compelled to bear the
+expenses myself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+
+
+THE TOYMAN IS ABROAD.
+
+
+  "En fait d'inutilités, il ne faut que le nécessaire."
+
+CHAMPFORT.
+
+
+There is no term in political philosophy more ambiguous and lax in its
+meaning than Luxury. In Ireland, salt with a potato is, by the
+peasant, placed in this category. Among the Cossacks, a clean shirt is
+more than a luxury--it is an effeminacy; and a Scotch nobleman is
+reported to have declared, that the act of scratching one's self is a
+luxury too great for any thing under royalty. The Russians (there is
+no disputing on tastes) hold train-oil to be a prime luxury; and I
+remember seeing a group of them following an exciseman on the quays at
+Dover to plunder the oil casks, as they were successively opened for
+his operations. A poor Finland woman, who for her sins had married an
+Englishman and followed him to this country, was very glad to avail
+herself of her husband's death to leave a land where the people were
+so unhappy as to be without a regular supply of seal's flesh for their
+dinner. While the good man lived, her affection for him somewhat
+balanced her hankering after this native luxury; but no sooner was the
+husband dead, than her lawyer-like propensity re-assumed its full
+force, and, like Proteus released from his chains, she abandoned
+civilized life to get back to her favourite shores, to liberty, and
+the animals of her predilection. "If I were rich," said a poor
+farmer's boy, "I would eat fat pudding, and ride all day on a gate;"
+which was evidently his highest idea of human luxury. But it is less
+with the quality of our indulgences, than their extent, that I have
+now to treat. Diogenes, who prided himself on cutting his coat
+according to his cloth, and thought himself a greater man, in
+proportion as he diminished his wants, placed his luxuries in idleness
+and sunshine, and seems to have relished these enjoyments with as much
+sensuality as Plato did his fine house and delicate fare. Even he was
+more reasonable than those sectarians, who have prevailed in almost
+all religions, and who, believing that the Deity created man for the
+express purpose of inflicting upon him every species of torture, have
+inveighed against the most innocent gratifications, and have erected
+luxury into a deadly sin. These theologians will not allow a man to
+eat his breakfast with a relish; and impute it as a vice if he smacks
+his lips, though it be but after a draught of water. Nay, there have
+been some who have thought good roots and Adam's ale too great
+luxuries for a Christian lawfully to indulge in; and they have
+purposely ill-cooked their vegetables, and mixed them with ashes, and
+even more disgusting things, to mortify the flesh, as they called
+it--i.e. to offer a sacrifice of their natural feelings to the demon
+of which they have made a god.
+
+Of late years, more especially, our ideas on this subject have much
+enlarged; and all ranks of Englishmen hold an infinity of objects as
+prime necessaries, which their more modest ancestors ranked as
+luxuries, fit only for their betters to enjoy. This should be a matter
+of sincere rejoicing to all true patriots; because it affords
+indubitable evidence of the progress of civilization. A civilized
+gentleman differs from a savage, principally in the multiplicity of
+his wants; and Mandeville, in his fable of the bees, has proved to
+demonstration that extravagance is the mother of commerce. What,
+indeed, are steam-engines, macadamized roads, man-traps that break no
+bones, patent cork-screws, and detonating fowling-pieces, safety
+coaches and cork legs, but luxuries, at which a cynic would scoff; yet
+how could a modern Englishman get on without them? It is perfectly
+true that our Henries and Edwards contrived to beat their enemies
+unassisted by these inventions. Books, likewise, which were a luxury
+scarcely known to the wisdom of our ancestors, are a luxury now so
+indispensable, that there is hardly a mechanic who has not his little
+library: while a piano forte also has become as necessary to a
+farm-house as a mangle or a frying-pan; and there are actually more
+copies printed of "Cherry ripe," than of Tull's husbandry. Is not a
+silver fork, moreover, an acknowledged necessary in every decent
+establishment? while the barbarous Mussulman dispenses with knives and
+forks altogether, and eats his meal, like a savage as he is, with his
+fingers. Nor can it be deemed an objection to this hypothesis, that
+the Turk, who rejects all the refinements of European civilization,
+excepting only gunpowder, esteems four wives to be necessary to a
+decent establishment; while the most clear-sighted Englishmen think
+one more than enough for enjoyment. The difference is more formal than
+real.
+
+Henry the fourth of France had but one coach between himself and his
+queen; whereas no respectable person can now dispense at the least
+with a travelling chariot, a barouche, a cab, and a dennet.
+Civilization, which received a temporary check during the
+revolutionary war, has resumed its march in double-quick time since
+the Continent has been opened. Champaigne and ices have now become
+absolute necessaries at tables where a bottle of humble port and a
+supernumerary pudding were esteemed luxuries, fit only for honouring
+the more solemn rites of hospitality. I say nothing of heads of hair,
+and false (I beg pardon--artificial) teeth; without which, at a
+certain age, there is no appearing. A bald head, at the present day,
+is as great an indecency as Humphrey Clinker's unmentionables; and a
+dismantled mouth is an outrage on well-bred society. Then, again, how
+necessary is a cigar and a meerschaum to a well-appointed man of
+fashion, and how can a gentleman possibly show at Melton without at
+least a dozen hunters, and two or three hacks, to ride to cover! Yet
+no one in his senses would tax these things as luxuries; or would
+blame his friend for getting into the King's Bench for their
+indulgence. Even the most austere judges of the land, and the most
+jealous juries of tradesmen, have borne ample testimony to the
+reasonableness of this modern extension of the wants of life, by the
+liberal allowance of necessaries which they have sanctioned in the
+tailors' bills of litigating minors. This liberality, indeed, follows,
+as consequence follows cause. Some one has found, or invented, a story
+of a shipwrecked traveller's hailing the gallows as the sure token of
+a civilized community. But the jest is by no means a _ben trovato_;
+the member of gibbets being inversely as the perfection of social
+institutions; and if any one object, that England, while it is the
+best-governed country in Europe--its envy and admiration--is also a
+hanging community _par excellence_, I must beg to remind him of the
+intense interest which an English public feels in the victims of
+capital punishment, in the Thurtells and the Fauntleroys; as also of
+the universal conviction prevailing in England, that the gallows is a
+short and sure cut to everlasting happiness. From all this, if there
+is any force in logic, we must conclude, that hanging, in this
+country, is only applied _honoris causâ_, as an ovation, in
+consideration of the great and magnanimous daring of the Alexanders
+and Caesars on a small scale, to whom the law adjudges the "palmam qui
+meruit ferat." The real and true test of a refined polity is not the
+gallows; but is to be found rather in such well-imagined insolvent
+laws, as discharge a maximum of debt with a minimum of assets; and rid
+a gentleman annually of his duns, with the smallest possible quantity
+of corporeal inconvenience. When luxuries become necessaries,
+insolvency is the best safety-valve to discharge the surplus
+dishonesty of the people, which, if pent up, would explode in
+dangerous overt acts of crime and violence; and it should be
+encouraged accordingly.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.
+
+
+The only notice which occurs of "The Last of the Plantagenets" is,
+says the author of a Romance with the above name, in Peck's
+"Desiderata Curiosa," where a letter is inserted from Dr. Brett to Dr.
+Warren, the president of Trinity Hall, in which he says that, calling
+on Lord Winchilsea in 1720, his lordship pointed out to him this entry
+in the register of Eastwell--"Anno 1550, Rycharde Plantagenet was
+buryed the 22nd daye of December;" beyond this, not a word is known of
+him excepting what tradition affords, which, with some slight
+variations, for there are two versions of his history, is as
+follows:--When Sir Thomas Moyle built Eastwell, he observed that his
+principal bricklayer, whenever he quitted his work, retired with a
+book, a circumstance which attracted his attention, and on inquiry he
+found he was reading Latin: he then told Sir Thomas his secret, which
+was, that he was boarded with a Latin schoolmaster, without knowing
+who were his relations, until he was fifteen or sixteen; that he was
+occasionally visited by a gentleman who provided for his expenses;
+that this person one day took him to a fine house where he was
+presented to a gentleman handsomely drest, wearing a "star and
+garter," who gave him money, and conducted him back to school; that
+some time afterwards the same gentleman came to him, and took him into
+Leicestershire and to Bosworth Field, when he was carried to king
+Richard's tent; that the king embraced him, told him he was his son;
+adding, "Child, to-morrow, I must fight for my crown; and assure
+yourself, if I lose that, I will lose my life too, but I hope to
+preserve both, do you stand in such a place (pointing to the spot)
+where you may see the battle, out of danger, and when I have gained
+the victory come to me. I will then own you to be mine, and take care
+of you: but if I should lose the battle, then shift as well as you
+can, and take care to let nobody know that I am your father, for no
+mercy will be shown to any one so nearly related to me;" that the king
+gave him a purse of gold and dismissed him; that he followed those
+directions, and when he saw the battle was lost and the king slain, he
+hastened to London, sold his horse and his fine clothes, and the
+better to conceal himself from all suspicion of being the son of a
+king, and that he might gain a livelihood, he put himself apprentice
+to a bricklayer, and generally spent his spare time in reading. Sir
+Thomas, finding him very old, is said to have offered him _the run of
+his kitchen_, which he declined, on the ground of his patron having a
+large family; but asked his permission to build a small house in one
+of his fields, and this being granted, he built a cottage, and
+continued in it till his death.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANTIQUITIES BURLESQUED.
+
+
+We have often been amused with the different wonders of ancient Rome,
+but seldom more than with the following piece of antiquarianism
+burlesqued:--
+
+M. Simond, in his Tour in Italy and Sicily, tells us that the Coliseum
+is too ruinous--that the Egyptian Museum in the Vatican puts him in
+mind of the five wigs in the barber Figaro's shop-window--that the
+Apollo Belvidere looks like a broken-backed young gentleman shooting
+at a target for the amusement of young ladies. Speaking of the
+Etruscan vases, he says, "As to the alleged elegance of form, I should
+be inclined to appeal from the present to succeeding generations, when
+the transformation of every pitcher, milk-pot and butter-pan, into an
+antique shape, has completely burlesqued away the classical feeling,
+and restored impartiality to taste."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+About six or seven-and-twenty years ago, an effort was made to revive
+the fashion of ladies visiting the House of Commons. The late Queen
+Caroline, then Princess of Wales, upon one or two occasions made her
+appearance, with a female attendant, in the side-gallery. The royal
+visit soon became generally known, and several other females were
+tempted to follow the example. Among these was Mrs. Sheridan, the wife
+of the late Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan; but this lady,
+considering herself an intruder, to whose presence, if known,
+exception might be taken, thought fit to disguise her person in male
+attire. Her fine dark hair was combed smooth on her forehead, and made
+to sit close, in good puritanical trim, while a long, loose, brown
+coat concealed her feminine proportions. Thus prepared, she took her
+seat in the Strangers' Gallery, anxious to witness a display of her
+husband's eloquence; but he did not speak, and the debate proved
+without any interest. The female aspirants whose taste was thus
+excited, were, however, confined to a few blue-stocking belles,
+without influence to set the fashion; and the attempt did not succeed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOCHA.
+
+
+The buildings of Mocha are so white, that it seems as if excavated
+from a quarry of marble; and this whiteness of the town forms a
+curious contrast with the blueness of the sea. The materials, however,
+of which Mocha is constructed, are nothing better than unburnt bricks,
+plastered over, and whitewashed. The coffee bean is cultivated in the
+interior, and is thence brought to Mocha for exportation. The Arabs
+themselves use the husks, which make but an inferior infusion.
+Vegetables are grown round the town, and fruits are brought from
+Senna; while grain, horses, asses, and sheep, are imported from
+Abyssinia. There are twelve schools in the town; and, inland, near
+Senna, there are colleges, in which the twelve branches of Mohomedan
+sciences are taught, as is usual in Turkey and India. Arab women marry
+about the age of sixteen; they are allowed great liberty in visiting
+one another, and can divorce their husbands on very slight grounds.
+Every lady who pays a visit, carries a small bag of coffee with her,
+which enables "her to enjoy society without putting her friends to
+expense."--_Lushington's Journey from Calcutta to Europe._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+Every one acquainted with the public press of Europe, must have
+observed the contrast which a London Newspaper forms with the journals
+of every other capital in Europe. The foreign journals never break in
+upon the privacy of domestic life. There the fame of parties and
+dinners is confined to the rooms which constitute their scene, and the
+names of the individuals who partake of them never travel out of their
+own circle. How widely different is the practice of the London
+Journals! A lady of fashion can find no place so secret where she can
+hide herself from their search. They follow her from town to country,
+from the country to the town. They trace her from the breakfast-table
+to the Park, from the Park to the dinner-table, from thence to the
+Opera or the ball, and from her boudoir to her bed. They trace her
+every where. She may make as many doubles as a hare, but they are all
+in vain; it is impossible to escape pursuit; and yet the introduction
+of female names into the daily newspapers, now so common, is only of
+modern date.
+
+The late Sir Henry Dudley Bate, editor of _The Morning Herald_, was
+the first person who introduced females into the columns of a
+newspaper. He was at the time editor of _The Morning Post_.-- _New
+Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REFLECTION IN A FLOWER GARDEN.
+
+
+  I hate the flower whose wanton breast[9]
+    Awaits the sun at morn and noon,
+  And when he's hid behind the west,
+    As gaily flaunteth with the moon.
+
+  Mine be the flower of virgin leaf,
+    That when its sire has left the plain,
+  Wraps up its charms in silent grief,
+    Nor ope's them till he comes again.
+
+E.K.
+
+    [9] There be some flowers that do remain quite unclosed, during
+        not only the day, but during also the night. There be others
+        which do likewise open during the day, albeit when night
+        cometh, they close themselves up until the sun do appear,
+        when they again ope their beautifulness.--_Old Botanist_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A "THIN NIGHT" AT VAUXHALL.
+
+
+There were fewer audience than performers, and those made up of
+fellows evidently not in the habit of shirt-wearing; of women there
+were very few-- of ladies none; the fireworks were bad and brief, and
+the waterworks the most absurd affair I ever beheld; the thing was
+overdone. To the people who would like to go to Vauxhall in fine
+weather, second-rate Italian singing and broken down English prima
+donnas are no inducement, a bad ballet in a booth has no attraction,
+and an attempt at variety mars the whole affair. Vauxhall is a
+delightful place to go to in fine weather with a pleasant party; give
+us space to walk, light up that space, and shelter us from the
+elements, set the military bands to play popular airs, and we ask no
+more for our four or five shillings, or whatever it is; but the moment
+tumbling is established in various parts of the garden, and the whole
+thing is made a sort of Bartholomew Fair, the object of breathing a
+little fresher air, and hearing ourselves talk is ended; crowds of
+raffs in boots and white neckcloths attended by their dowdy damsels
+and waddling wives, rush from one place to another, helter skelter,
+knocking over the few quiet people to whom the "sights" are a novelty;
+turning what in the days of the late Lady Castlereagh, the present
+Duchess of Bedford, the first Duchess of Devonshire, and the last
+Duchess of Gordon (but one) was a delightful reunion of fashion, into
+a tea-garden (without tea) or a bear-garden--not without
+bears.--_Sharpe's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND LORD NOEL BYRON.
+
+
+It is a singular coincidence, not unworthy of remark, that the
+initials of two of the most singular men of their own, and perhaps of
+any age, the Emperor Napoleon of France, and Lord Noel Byron of
+England, used the same letters as an abbreviation of their name, N.B.
+which likewise denotes _Nota Bene_. It was not the habit of either to
+affix his name to letters, but merely N.B.--R.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE _FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED_:
+
+                                      _s_.  _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling           0     6
+  Paul and Virginia                    0     6
+  The Castle of Otranto                0     6
+  Almoran and Hamet                    0     6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia  0     6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne   0     6
+  Rasselas                             0     8
+  The Old English Baron                0     8
+  Nature and Art                       0     8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield       0    10
+  Sicilian Romance                     0    10
+  The Man of the World                 1     0
+  A Simple Story                       1     4
+  Joseph Andrews                       1     6
+  Humphry Clinker                      1     8
+  The Romance of the Forest            1     8
+  The Italian                          2     0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Roderick Random                      2     6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho             3     6
+  Peregrine Pickle                     4     6
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO 381 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 11332-8.txt or 11332-8.zip *****
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+filed in a different way.  The year of a release date is no longer part
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+example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234
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+     https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689
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+An alternative method of locating eBooks:
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+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+    content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Mirror of Literature, Issue 381.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+    /*<![CDATA[*/
+    <!--
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+
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+    hr.full              {width: 100%;}
+    html>body hr.full    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+
+    .note, .footnote     {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;}
+
+    span.pagenum         {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+    .poem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+    .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+
+    .figure              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+    .figure img          {border: none;}
+    .figure p
+    -->
+    /*]]>*/
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 381 Saturday, July 18, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 27, 2004 [EBook #11332]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO 381 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David Garcia and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a id="page33" name="page33"></a>[pg
+    33]</span>
+    <h1>
+      THE MIRROR<br />
+       OF<br />
+       LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+    </h1>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left">
+          <b>VOL. XIV. NO. 381.]</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="center">
+          <b>SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1829.</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+      <a href="images/381-1.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/381-1.png" alt="Apsley House" /></a>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      THE MANSION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The town mansions of our nobility are generally beneath all
+      architectural criticism; and it has been pertinently observed
+      that "an educated foreigner is quite astonished when shown
+      the residences of our higher nobility and gentry in the
+      British capital. He has heard speak of some great nobleman,
+      with a revenue equal to that of a principality. He feels a
+      curiosity to look at his palace, and he is shown a plain,
+      common, brick house of forty or fifty feet in extent." These
+      observations were made about three years ago, since which
+      period, the spirit of architectural improvement has been fast
+      extending from public buildings to individual mansions. Among
+      the latter, the renovation or encasement of Apsley House, at
+      Hyde Park Corner, with a fine stone front, is entitled to
+      foremost notice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This splendid improvement is from the designs of Benjamin
+      Wyatt, Esq. and is of the Palladian style. The basement story
+      is rusticated, and the principal front has a handsome
+      pediment supported by four columns of the Corinthian order. A
+      bold cornice extends on all sides, which are decorated at the
+      angles with Corinthian pilasters. The whole has an air of
+      substantial elegance, and is in extremely good taste, if we
+      except the door and window cases, which we are disposed to
+      think rather too small. The Piccadilly front is enclosed with
+      a rich bronzed palisade between leaved pillars, being in
+      continuation of the classical taste of the entrance gates to
+      Hyde Park, and the superb entrance to the Royal Gardens on
+      the opposite side of the road. Throughout the whole, the
+      chaste Grecian honey-suckle is introduced with very pleasing
+      effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Besides the new frontage, Apsley House has been considerably
+      enlarged, and a slip of ground from Hyde Park added to the
+      gardens. The ball-room, extending the whole depth of the
+      mansion, is one of the most magnificent <i>salons</i> in the
+      metropolis; and a picture gallery is in progress. Altogether,
+      the improvement is equally honourable to the genius of the
+      architect, and the taste of the illustrious proprietor of the
+      mansion; for no foreigner can gainsay that Apsley House has
+      the befitting splendour of a ducal, nay even of a royal
+      palace.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page34" name="page34"></a>[pg
+      34]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      WATLING STREET.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There has been much discussion among antiquaries respecting
+      the etymology of an ancient Roman road, called the Watling
+      Street Way, which commencing from Dover, traces its course to
+      London, St. Alban's, Weedon, over <i>Bensford
+      Bridge</i>,<a id="footnotetag1"
+      name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+      High Cross, Atherstone, Wall, Wroxeter, and Chester, from
+      which last place a branch appears to point in nearly a
+      straight direction through St. Asaph to Segontium, or Caer
+      Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course
+      from Wroxeter to Manchester, York, Lancaster, Kendal, and
+      Cockermouth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hoveden thinks it was called the Watling Street from Wathe,
+      or Wathla, a British king. Spelman fancies it was called
+      Werlam Street, from its passing through Verulam. Somner
+      derives the name from the Belgic Wentelen, <i>volvere,
+      versare se, a sinuosis flexibus</i>. Baxter contends that it
+      was made by the original Britons, Weteling, or Oedeling
+      signifying in their language, <i>originarius civis vel
+      ingenuus</i>. Stukeley's opinion, in which he is joined by
+      Whitaker, the Manchester historian, is, that it was the
+      Guetheling road&mdash;Sarn Guethelin, or the road of the
+      Irish, the G being pronounced as a W. Dr. Wilkes says, that
+      it is more indented and crooked than other Roman Roads
+      usually are, and supposes that it was formed of
+      <i>Wattles</i>, which was the idea also of Pointer. Mr. Duff
+      is not pleased with the opinion of Camden, that it derives
+      its name from an unknown <i>Vitellianus</i>, but conjectures
+      that its etymology is from the Saxon <i>Wadla</i>, a poor
+      man, a beggar, because such people resorted to this road for
+      the charity of travellers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among so many crude and discordant opinions, I shall
+      endeavour to substitute another more consistent with the true
+      etymology of the word. I agree with the historian of
+      Manchester, that the Roman stations were prior to the roads,
+      and that the latter were only the channels of communication
+      to the former. The stations commenced during the conquest of
+      the country, and all of them were completed at the conclusion
+      of it. The roads therefore could not be constructed till the
+      first or second summer after the stations were established.
+      Whoever has attentively observed the line or direction of the
+      Watling Street, must be convinced of the truth of the
+      foregoing observations; and the deviation from a straight
+      line, which in many parts is so apparent, and so evidently
+      made to enable the Romans to pass from one station to
+      another, may be considered conclusive upon this point. I
+      therefore have no hesitation in asserting, that the Watling
+      Street Way is a Roman road, and probably planned and formed
+      by Vespasian, the celebrated Roman general in Britain, who
+      named this road in compliment to the emperor, <i>Vitellius,
+      Vitellii Strata Via</i>, Watling Street Way. Suetonius, in
+      his <i>Life of Vespasian</i>, says, (chapter 4,) "<i>Claudio
+      principe, Narcissi grati&acirc;, legatus in Germaniam missus
+      est (Vespasianus;) inde in Britanniam translatus, tricies cum
+      hoste conflixit. Duas validissimas gentes, superq viginti
+      oppida, et insulam Vectam Britanniae proximam, in deditionem
+      redegit, partim Auli Plautii legati, partim Claudii ipsius
+      ductu. Quare triumphalia ornamenta, et in spatio brevi,
+      duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum, quem gessit
+      per duos novissimos anni menses.</i>" Or, "In the reign of
+      Claudius, by the interest of Narcissus,<a id="footnotetag2"
+      name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+      he (Vespasian) was sent lieutenant general of a legion into
+      Germany, from whence being removed into Britain, he engaged
+      the enemy in thirty distinct battles, and subjected to the
+      power of the Romans two very strong nations, and above twenty
+      great towns, and the Isle of Wight, upon the coast of
+      Britain, partly under the command of Aulus Plautius, and
+      partly under that of Claudius himself. In reward for these
+      noble services he received the triumphal ornaments, and in a
+      short time after, two priest's offices, besides the
+      consulship, which he held for the two last months of the
+      year."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The same author, in his Life of Vitellius, seems to
+      strengthen or rather establish the conjecture of its being
+      the <i>Vitellii Strata Via</i>, for he says, (chapter 1,)
+      "<i>indicia, stirpis (Vitelliorum) diu mansisse, Viam
+      Vitelliam ab Janiculo ad mare usque, item coloniam ejusdem
+      nominis.</i>" Or, "Some monuments of the family continued a
+      long time, as the <i>Vitellian Way</i>, reaching from the
+      Janiculum to the sea, and likewise a colony of that name."
+      From the abovementioned extracts, it seems not improbable
+      that one of the thirty battles mentioned by Suetonius, might
+      have been fought during the time the Romans were forming this
+      road through the Forest of Arden,
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page35" name="page35"></a>[pg
+      35]</span> which extended from Henley, in Warwickshire, to
+      Market Harborough, in Leicestershire; and that it was called
+      in compliment to Vitellius, the <i>Vitellian Way</i>,
+      afterwards corrupted to the <i>Watling Way</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This road from the Avon, which it passes at Dove Bridge, to
+      the Anker, near Atherstone, forms the boundary between the
+      counties of Leicester and Warwick. In the month of June,
+      1824, numerous skulls and bones were discovered in a line
+      from the intersection of the road that leads from Rugby to
+      Lutterworth, with the Watling Street to Benones or Bensford
+      Bridge, the distance not being more than half a mile. These
+      bones were lying about two feet below the surface of the
+      ground. Many fragments of shields, spear heads, knives, and a
+      sword,<a id="footnotetag3"
+      name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>
+      placed by the side of a skeleton, and at one end touching a
+      funereal urn,<a id="footnotetag4"
+      name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+      and likewise several drinking cups, or small vessels,
+      apparently formed of half-baked clay, with clasps both of
+      silver and brass, were found within the abovementioned
+      distance. On the contrary side of the road were discovered
+      beads, glass, and amber, but neither urns, spear-heads, or
+      fragments of shields; these relics, therefore, probably
+      belonged to the Britons, who fell encountering the Romans, to
+      prevent their forming a road through the Forest of Arden.
+      There can be little doubt of a battle having been here
+      fought, from the bones, urns, and tumuli discovered here and
+      in the adjacent neighbourhood. "In this parish (Church
+      Over,") says Dugdale, "upon the old Roman Way, called Watling
+      Strete, is to be seen a very great tumulus, which is of that
+      magnitude, that it puts travellers beside the usual road,"
+      and a <i>Letter</i> from Elias Ashmole to Sir Wm.
+      Dugdale,<a id="footnotetag5"
+      name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a>
+      states, "that about a mile from hence (that is from Holywell
+      Abbey, now the site of Caves Inn,) there is a tumulus raised
+      in the very middle of the high way, which methought was worth
+      observing." This tumulus, in an ancient deed, is called the
+      Pilgrim's Low. It was removed in making the turnpike-road
+      from Banbury to Lutterworth, about the year 1770. In the
+      plantations of Abraham Grimes, Esq., within half a mile of
+      the site of the former, is another tumulus of smaller
+      dimensions, adjoining the road which leads from Rugby to
+      Lutterworth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were probably raised in honour of some military chiefs
+      who were slain in the battle.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Si quid novisti rectius istis
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      R.R.B.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE PENDRILLS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I beg to correct the statement of <i>W.W.</i> in vol. xiii.
+      page 419, respecting this family. It is true that the pension
+      did not expire at Richard Pendrill's death&mdash;and it is
+      also true that Dr. Pendrill died about the time as therein
+      stated&mdash;but his son, John Pendrill, died at his own
+      residence, near the Seahouses, Eastbourne, last year only,
+      (1828,) leaving issue, one son by his first wife, (named
+      John,) and one son and three daughters by his second wife;
+      his first son, John, now enjoys the pension of 100 marks, and
+      is residing at the Gloucester Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, in
+      sound health. The privilege granted to this family under the
+      title of "Free Warren," is the liberty of shooting, hunting,
+      fishing, &amp;c. upon any of the King's manors, and upon the
+      manor on which the party enjoying this pension might reside;
+      and I am informed that a certain noble lord made some yearly
+      payment or gift to the deceased, John, not to exercise that
+      privilege on his manor in Sussex. The pension is payable out
+      of, or secured upon, lands in four different counties,
+      Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and
+      Warwickshire, and entitles the party enjoying it to a vote in
+      each of these counties; but whether this has been acted upon,
+      I cannot possibly say. I have seen in the possession of a
+      branch of this loyal family, only a few days ago, a scarce
+      print of the arms, &amp;c. published in 1756, under the
+      regulation of the act of parliament; besides other prints on
+      the subject. This family, <i>being commoners</i>, is I
+      believe, the only one which have
+      supporters.<a id="footnotetag6"
+      name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a>
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      C.C.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE FRIENDS OF THE DEAD.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          They've seen him laid, all cold and low;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          They've flung the flat stone o'er his breast:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And Summer's sun, and Winter's snow
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          May never mar his dreamless rest!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          They've left him to his long decay;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The banner waves above his head:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Funereal is their rich array,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But hark! how speak they of the dead.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <span class="pagenum"><a id="page36" name="page36"></a>[pg
+        36]</span>
+        <p>
+          In his own hall, they've pledg'd to him
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          'Mid mirth, and minstrelsy divine;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When, at the crystal goblet's brim
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Hath flash'd, the od'rous rosy wine;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When viands from all lands afar
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Have grac'd the shining, sumptuous board,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And <i>now</i>, they'd prove their vaunted star,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The Cobbold, of his priceless hoard.<a id="footnotetag7"
+          name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a>
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Hark! how they scandalize the <i>dead</i>!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          They spake not thus,&mdash;(their patron <i>here</i>)
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When they were proud to break his bread,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To watch his faintest smile, and fear
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His latent frown; they did not speak
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Of vices, follies, meanness: <i>then</i>
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          A <i>crime</i> in him, had been, "the freak
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Of youth," and "worthiest <i>he</i>, of men!"
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Off with those garbs of woe, <i>false</i> friends!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Those sadden'd visages, all feign'd!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Or have ye yet, some golden ends
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To be, by Death's own liv'ries gain'd?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <i>Ye</i> mourn the dead forsooth! who say
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          That which should shame the lordly hall
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His late ancestral home! Away!
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And dream that he hath <i>heard</i> it all!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      M.L.B.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Cosmopolite.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FOOD OF VARIOUS NATIONS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>Conclusion</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The diet of the <i>Frenchman</i>, is chiefly vegetable, and
+      his <i>frogs</i> are rarities reserved for the delectation of
+      the opulent, and answering, in some degree, to the brains and
+      tongues of singing-birds amongst ancient epicures; since,
+      after being subjected to a peculiar process of fattening and
+      purifying, only the legs of these animals are eaten. Light
+      wines, beer, sugar and water, strong coffee, and a variety of
+      delicious liqueurs, are drunk by the French, but they have
+      shown themselves capable of conforming to the English taste
+      in a relish for stronger potations. <i>Spaniards</i> of all
+      ranks, use fruit, vegetables, fish, and olives, for their
+      principal diet, and oil and garlic are used plentifully in
+      their culinary operations; chocolate is their chief beverage,
+      but at dinner ladies drink nothing but water, and gentlemen a
+      little wine. The fare of the <i>Portuguese</i> peasantry is
+      meagre in the extreme, although, they are, in fact,
+      surrounded with the abundant luxuries of nature; a piece of
+      black bread and a pickled pilchard, or head of garlic, is
+      their usual subsistence, but a salted cod is a feast. In
+      <i>Italy</i>, ice-water and lemonade are luxuries essential
+      to the existence of all classes, and the inferior ones, who
+      never inebriate themselves with spirituous liquors, can
+      procure them at a cheap rate; macaroni and fruit are chief
+      articles of food, but the Italians are great gourmands, and
+      delight in dishes swimming in oil, which, to an English ear,
+      sounds very disgustingly; however, it must be remembered,
+      that oil in Italy is so pure and fresh, that it answers every
+      purpose of our newest butter. A gentleman who had resided
+      some time in this country, informs us, that by the Italians,
+      <i>puppy-broth</i> was reckoned a sovereign remedy in some
+      slight indispositions, and that he has constantly seen in the
+      markets young dogs skinned for sale. Of the <i>Turks</i>, the
+      ordinary food is rice, sometimes boiled with gravy, and
+      sometimes made into <i>pilan</i>; a kind of curry composed of
+      mutton and fowl stewed to rags, and highly seasoned gravy.
+      This is eaten with their fingers, since they have neither
+      knives nor forks, and the Koran prohibits the use of gold and
+      silver spoons. Coffee and sherbet are their ordinary
+      beverages, and by the higher classes of "the faithful," wine
+      is drunk in private, but an intoxication of a singular and
+      destructive description, is produced by opium, which the
+      Turks chew in immoderate quantities. The food of the
+      <i>Circassians</i> consists of a little meat, millet-paste,
+      and a kind of beer fermented from millet. The <i>Tartars</i>
+      are not fond of beef and veal, but admire horse-flesh; they
+      prefer to drink, before any thing else, mare's milk, and
+      produce from it, by keeping it in sour skins, a strong spirit
+      termed <i>koumiss</i>. The <i>Jakutians</i> (a Tartar tribe)
+      esteem horse-flesh as the greatest possible dainty; they eat
+      raw the fat of horses and oxen, and drink melted butter with
+      avidity; but bread is rare. The favourite food of the
+      <i>Kalmuc Tartars</i> is horse-flesh, eaten raw sometimes,
+      but commonly dried in the sun; dogs, cats, rats, marmots, and
+      other small animals and vermin are also eaten by them; but
+      neither vegetables, bread nor fruits; and they drink koumiss;
+      than which, scarcely any thing can be more disgusting,
+      except, perhaps, that beverage of the South Sea islanders,
+      prepared by means of leaves being masticated by a large
+      company, and spit into a bowl of water. The diet of the
+      <i>Kamtschatdales</i>, is chiefly fish, variously prepared;
+      <i>huigal</i>, which is neither more nor less than fish laid
+      in a pit until <i>putrid</i>, is a <i>luxury</i> with this
+      people! They are fond of caviar, made of roes of fish, and
+      scarcely less disgusting than huigal. A pound of dry caviar
+      will last a Kamtschatdale
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page37" name="page37"></a>[pg
+      37]</span> on a journey for a considerable time, since he
+      finds bread to eat with it in the bark of every birch and
+      elder he meets with. These people boil the fat of the whale
+      and walrus with roots of <i>setage</i>. A principal dish at
+      their feasts, consists of various roots and berries pounded
+      with caviar, and mixed with the melted fat of whale and seal.
+      They are fond of spirits, but commonly drink water. For the
+      <i>Arabs</i>, lizards and locusts, afford food, but with
+      better articles. The <i>Persians</i> live like the Turks, or
+      nearly so, but for the want of spoons, knives, and forks,
+      their feasts, if the provisions are good in themselves, are
+      disgusting; besides which, the <i>sofera</i>, or cloth on
+      which the dinner is spread, is, from a superstitious notion
+      that changing is unlucky, so intolerably dirty and offensive
+      in odour, that the stranger can scarcely endure to sit beside
+      it. With the <i>Chinese</i>, rice is the "staff of life," but
+      all kinds of animal food are eagerly devoured; and pedlars
+      offering for sale rats, cats, and dogs, may be seen in the
+      streets of Chinese towns. It is uncertain whether a depraved
+      taste or lack of superior animal food, induces a really
+      civilized people to devour such flesh. Weak tea, without
+      sugar, or milk, is the common beverage of the Chinese; in the
+      use of ardent spirits they are moderate. The <i>Peguese</i>,
+      worshipping crocodiles, will drink no water but from the
+      ditches wherein those creatures abound, and consequently are
+      frequently devoured by them. The <i>Siamese</i>, besides a
+      variety of superior food, eat rats, lizards, and some kinds
+      of insects. The <i>Battas</i> of Sumatra, prefer <i>human
+      flesh</i> to all other, and speak with rapture of the soles
+      of the feet and palms of the hands. Warm water is the usual
+      beverage of the <i>Manilla</i> islanders. The
+      <i>Japanese</i>, amongst other things, drink a kind of beer
+      distilled from rice, and called <i>sacki</i>; it is kept
+      constantly warm, and drunk after every morsel they eat.
+      Cocoa-nut milk and water, is the common beverage of the
+      natives of the <i>New Hebrides</i>. In <i>New Caledonia</i>
+      so great is the scarcity of food, that the natives make
+      constant war for the sake of eating their prisoners, and
+      sometimes, to assuage the cravings of hunger, they bind
+      ligatures tightly round their bodies and swallow oleaginous
+      earth. The <i>New Zealanders</i> are cannibals sometimes in a
+      dearth, and to gratify a spirit of vengeance against their
+      enemies. The <i>New Hollanders</i>, near the sea, subsist on
+      fish eaten raw, or nearly so; should a whale be cast ashore,
+      it is never abandoned until its bones are picked; their
+      substitute for bread, and that which forms their chief
+      subsistence, is a species of fern roasted, pounded between
+      stones, and mixed with fish. The general beverage of the
+      negro tribes is palm-wine. No disgust is evinced by the
+      <i>Bosjesman Hottentots</i> at the most nauseous food, and
+      having shot an animal with a poisoned arrow, their only
+      precaution, previous to tearing it in pieces and devouring it
+      raw, is to cut out the envenomed part. Half a dozen
+      Bosjesmans, will eat a fat sheep in an hour; they use no
+      salt, and seldom drink anything, probably from the succulent
+      nature of their food. The <i>Caffres</i> live chiefly on
+      milk; they have no poultry, nor do they eat eggs. When flesh
+      is boiled, each member of a family helps himself from the
+      kettle with a pointed stick, and eats it in his hand. Their
+      substitute for bread, which is made of Caffre-corn, a sort of
+      millet, is the pith of a palm, indigenous to the country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Lattakoos</i> eat, with equal zest, the flesh of
+      elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers, giraffes, quaggas, &amp;c.;
+      and sometimes, under an idea that it confers valour, human
+      flesh, of which they have otherwise great abhorrence. They
+      are very disgusting in their manner of preparing food. The
+      <i>Abyssinians</i> usually eat the flesh of cattle raw, and
+      sometimes, although we believe the fact has been much
+      controverted, immediately as it is cut from the living
+      animals. The <i>Bisharye</i>, a tribe of Bedouin Arabs, eat
+      raw flesh, drink raw sheep's blood, and esteem the raw marrow
+      of camels their greatest dainty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Patagonians</i> eat raw flesh with no regard to
+      cleanliness. The <i>Greenlanders</i> subsist on fish, seals,
+      and sea-fowls, prepared and devoured in manners truly
+      disgusting; train-oil is their sauce, and the blood of seals,
+      their favourite beverage! Some of the <i>North American
+      Indians</i> diet on the flesh of the sea-dog, parts of the
+      whale and its fat, and an oil made of the blubber of both of
+      these animals. Whilst, singular is the contrast, some of the
+      <i>South American</i> tribes, are able to digest monkeys,
+      blackened in, and dried by fire, to such a degree of
+      wood-like hardness, as to be rendered capable of keeping, we
+      dare not say how long.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Chacun &agrave; son gout</i>, says one proverb, but we
+      trust that the readers of this paper will, whenever they feel
+      themselves inclined to quarrel with <i>English</i> fare,
+      pause, and remember, another, viz.:&mdash;"A man may go
+      further and fare worse."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      M.L.B
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page38" name="page38"></a>[pg
+      38]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      Manners &amp; Customs of all Nations.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      SINGULAR TENURE.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Among the records in the Tower of London, is one to the
+      following effect:&mdash;King John gave several lands at
+      Kipperton and Alterton, in Kent, to Solomon Atlefield to be
+      held by this service:&mdash;"That as often as the King should
+      please to cross the sea, the said Solomon or his heirs,
+      should be obliged to go with him, to hold his majesty's head
+      if there be occasion for it;" that is, should his majesty be
+      sea-sick. And it appears by the record, that this same office
+      of head-holding was accordingly performed afterwards, in the
+      reign of Edward the First.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      R.S.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The custom of the manor of Woodford, Essex, is
+      <i>Borough-English</i>, by which the youngest son inherits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The origin of this custom has been a subject of much dispute;
+      but it appears to have prevailed greatly among the East
+      Saxons. Dr. Plot conjectured, that it was introduced by the
+      lord of the manor's claiming the right of enjoying the bride,
+      daughter of his tenant, on the wedding-night; therefore the
+      villain or slave, doubting whether the eldest son was his
+      own, made the youngest his heir. This custom prevailed among
+      the Ancient Britons before there were either Saxons or
+      villains.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the laws of succession among the Ancient Britons, a man's
+      land at his death did not descend to his eldest son, but was
+      equally divided among all his sons; and when any dispute
+      arose, it was determined by the Druids. The youngest son, it
+      appears, was more favoured than the eldest or any of his
+      brothers. "When the brothers have divided their father's
+      estate, the youngest shall have the best house, with all the
+      office-houses, the implements of husbandry, his father's
+      kettle, his axe for cutting wood, and his knife. These three
+      last things the father cannot give away by gift, nor leave by
+      his last will to any but his youngest son, and if they are
+      pledged they shall be redeemed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To account for this law is not very difficult. The elder
+      brothers of a family were supposed to have left their
+      father's house before his death, and obtained a house and
+      necessaries of their own; but the youngest, by reason of his
+      tender age, was considered as more helpless, and not so well
+      provided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Halbert H.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      STORM RAISING
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The dread of storm raisers is universally prevalent amongst
+      the Italian peasantry, and especially in mountainous
+      districts. A Danish botanist, journeying alone upon an ass
+      through the mountains of Abruzzi, was involved in several
+      perilous adventures by this superstitious terror of the
+      peasantry. They had for some time seen him collecting plants
+      amongst the unfrequented cliffs and ravines, and watched his
+      proceedings with suspicious curiosity. A few days later their
+      district was ravaged by a succession of storms, their
+      suspicions grew into certainty, and, assembling in
+      considerable numbers, they attacked the unconscious botanist
+      with a volley of stones, and cursed him as a storm-raising
+      enchanter. He made vehement protestations of his innocence,
+      but the enraged peasants took forcible possession of his
+      collection, which they minutely examined. Finding only some
+      harmless leaves and blossoms, and no roots, their fury
+      abated, and, although it was suggested by some that he had
+      probably used the roots in his incantations, the unfortunate
+      herbalist was at length dismissed with fierce menaces, that
+      if he dared to take a single root from the ground, it would
+      cost him his life. In the mountains near Rome, the peasants
+      regard with suspicion a singular costume, a stern cast of
+      countenance, or any striking personal formation, in the
+      strangers who arrive there. All travellers, thus peculiarly
+      marked, are supposed to be enchanters and treasure-seekers,
+      and the young Germans, in their black dresses, untrimmed
+      beards, and long hair, are especial objects of
+      suspicion.&mdash;<i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      NEAPOLITAN SUPERSTITION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The Neapolitan sailors never go to sea without a box of small
+      images or puppets, some of which are patron saints, inherited
+      from their progenitors, while others are more modern, but of
+      tried efficacy in the hour of peril. When a storm overtakes
+      the vessel, the sailors leave her to her fate, and bring upon
+      deck the box of saints, one of which is held up, and loudly
+      prayed to for assistance. The storm, however, increases, and
+      the obstinate or powerless saint is vehemently abused, and
+      thrown upon the deck. Others are held up, prayed to, abused,
+      and thrown down in succession, until the heavens become more
+      propitious. The storm abates, all danger disappears, the
+      saint last prayed to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page39"
+      name="page39"></a>[pg 39]</span> acquires the reputation of
+      miraculous efficacy, and, after their return to Naples, is
+      honoured with prayers.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Naturalist.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      LENGTH AND FINENESS OF THE SILKWORM'S WEB, &amp;c.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Baker in <i>The Microscope made Easy</i>, says, "A silkworm's
+      web being examined, appeared perfectly smooth and shining,
+      every where equal, and much finer than any thread the best
+      spinster in the world can make, as the smallest twine is
+      finer than the thickest cable. A pod of this silk being wound
+      off, was found to contain 930 yards; but it is proper to take
+      notice, that as two threads are glewed together by the worm
+      through its whole length, it makes double the above number,
+      or 1,860 yards; which being weighed with the utmost
+      exactness, were found no heavier than two grains and a half.
+      What an exquisite fineness is here! and yet, this is nothing
+      when compared with the web of a small spider, or even with
+      the silk that issued from the mouth of this very worm, when
+      but newly hatched from the egg."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Under the article <i>Silk</i>, in <i>Rees's Cyclopaedia</i>,
+      the writer says, "that those who have examined it
+      attentively, think they speak within compass, when they
+      affirm that each ball contains silk enough to reach the
+      length of <i>six</i> English miles."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Baker tells us, "not to neglect the <i>skins</i> these
+      animals cast off three times before they begin to spin; for
+      the eyes, mouth, teeth, ornaments of the head, and many other
+      parts may be discovered better in the <i>cast</i>-off skins
+      than in the real animal."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      P.T.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      CUCKOO
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Jerdan, editor of the <i>Literary Gazette</i>, in a
+      letter to Mr. Loudon, says, "about fifteen years ago I
+      obtained a cuckoo from the nest of (I think) a hedge sparrow,
+      at Old Brompton, where I then resided. It was rather curious,
+      as being within ten yards of my house, Cromwell Cottage, and
+      in a narrow and much frequented lane, leading from near
+      Gloucester Lodge to Kensington. This bird I reared and kept
+      alive till late in January; when it fell suddenly from its
+      perch, while feeding on a rather large dew worm. It was
+      buried: but I had, long afterwards, strange misgivings, that
+      my poor feathered favourite was only choked by his food, or
+      in a fit of some kind&mdash;his apparent death was so
+      extremely unexpected from his health and liveliness at the
+      time. I assure you that I regretted my loss much, my bird
+      being in full plumage and a very handsome creature. He was
+      quite tame, for in autumn I used to set him on a branch of a
+      tree in the garden, while I dug worms for him to dine upon,
+      and he never attempted more than a short friendly flight.
+      During the coldest weather, and it was rather a sharp winter,
+      my only precaution was, nearly to cover his cage with
+      flannel; and when I used to take it off, more or less, on
+      coming into my breakfast room in the morning, I was
+      recognised by him with certainly not all the cry "unpleasant
+      to a married ear," but with its full half "<i>Cuck</i>!
+      <i>Cuck</i>!"&mdash;the only sounds or notes I ever heard
+      from my bird. Though trifling, these facts may be so far
+      curious as illustrating the natural history of a remarkable
+      genus, and I have great pleasure in offering them for your
+      excellent Journal." <i>Mag. Nat. Hist.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MUSICAL SNAILS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      As I was sitting in my room, on the first floor, about nine
+      P.M. (4th of October last), I was surprised with what I
+      supposed to be the notes of a bird, under or upon the sill of
+      a window. My impression was, that they somewhat resembled the
+      notes of a wild duck in its nocturnal flight, and, at times,
+      the twitter of a redbreast, in quick succession. To be
+      satisfied on the subject, I carefully removed the shutter,
+      and, to my surprise, found it was a garden snail, which, in
+      drawing itself along the glass, had produced sounds similar
+      to those elicited from the musical
+      glasses.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      BEWICK.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      In the museum at Newcastle are many of the identical
+      specimens from which the illustrious townsman Bewick drew his
+      figures for the wood-cuts which embellish his unique and
+      celebrated work. This truly amiable man, and, beyond all
+      comparison, greatest genius Newcastle has ever produced, died
+      on the 8th of November last, in the 76th year of his age. He
+      continued to the last in the enjoyment of all his faculties;
+      his single-heartedness and enthusiasm not a jot abated, and
+      his wonder-working pencil still engaged in tracing, with his
+      wonted felicity and fidelity, those objects which had all his
+      life afforded him such delight, and which have charmed, and
+      must continue to charm, all those who have any relish for the
+      pure and simple beauties of nature.&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page40" name="page40"></a>[pg
+      40]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      The Argonaut, Or Paper Nautilus.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: left;">
+      <a href="images/381-8.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/381-8.png"
+      alt="The Argonaut, Or Paper Nautilus." /></a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Learn of the little Nautilus to sail,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This species of shell-fish, (see the cut,) is named from
+      <i>Argonautes</i>, the companions of Jason, in the celebrated
+      ship, Argo, and from the Latin <i>naus</i>, a ship; the
+      shells of all the Nautili having the appearance of a ship
+      with a very high poop. The shell of this interesting creature
+      is no thicker than paper, and divided into forty compartments
+      or chambers, through every one of which a portion of its body
+      passes, connected as it were, by a thread. In the cut it is
+      represented as sailing, when it expands two of its arms on
+      high, and between these supports a membrane which serves as a
+      sail, hanging the two other arms out of its shell, to serve
+      as oars, the office of steerage being generally served by the
+      tail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The shell of the Nautilus being exceedingly thin and fragile,
+      the tenant has many enemies, and among others the Trochus who
+      makes war on it with unrelenting fury. Pursued by this cruel
+      foe, it ascends to the top of the water, spreads its little
+      sail to catch the flying breeze, and rowing with all its
+      might, scuds along, like a galley in miniature, and often
+      escapes its more cumbrous pursuer. Sometimes, however, all
+      will not do, the Trochus nears and nears, and escape appears
+      impossible; but when the little animal, with inexplicable
+      ingenuity, suddenly and secretly extricates itself from its
+      tortuous and fragile dwelling, the Trochus immediately turns
+      to other prey. The Nautilus then returns to tenant and repair
+      its little bark; but it too often happens, that before he can
+      regain it, it is by a species of shipwreck, dashed to pieces
+      on the shore. Thus wretchedly situated, this hero of the
+      testaceous tribe seeks some obscure corner "where to die,"
+      but which seldom, if ever, happens, until after he has made
+      extraordinary exertions to establish himself anew. What a
+      fine picture of virtue nobly struggling with
+      misfortune.<a id="footnotetag8"
+      name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the sea is calm, whole fleets of these Nautili may be
+      seen diverting themselves; but when a storm rises, or they
+      are disturbed, they draw in their legs, take in as much water
+      as makes them specifically heavier, than that in which they
+      float, and then sink to the bottom. When they rise again they
+      void this water by numerous holes, of which their legs are
+      full. The other species of Nautilus, whose shell is thick,
+      never quits that habitation. The shells of both varieties are
+      exceedingly beautiful when polished, and produce high prices
+      among Conchologists.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is easy to conceive that the ingenious habits of this
+      wonderful creature may have suggested to man the power of
+      sailing upon the sea, and of the various apparatus by which
+      he effects that object. The whole creation abounds with
+      similar instances of Nature ministering to the proud purposes
+      of art: one of them, the origin of the Gothic Arch from the
+      "high o'erarching groves," is mentioned by Warburton, in his
+      <i>Divine Legation</i>, and is a sublime lesson for besotted
+      man.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE SELECTOR;<br />
+      AND<br />
+      LITERARY NOTICES OF<br />
+      <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      VIDOCQ.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      [We have abridged one of the most striking chapters in the
+      very extraordinary history of Vidocq; premising that the
+      interest of the adventure will compensate for the space it
+      here occupies.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A short time before the first invasion (1814), M. Senard, one
+      of the richest jewellers of the Palais Royal, having gone to
+      pay a visit to his friend the Cur&egrave; of Livry, found him
+      in one of those perplexities which are generally caused by
+      the approach of our good friends the enemy. He was anxious to
+      secrete from the rapacity of the cossacks first the
+      consecrated vessels, and then his own little treasures. After
+      much hesitation, although in his situation he must have been
+      used to interments, Monsieur le Cur&egrave; decided on
+      burying the objects which he was anxious to save, and
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page41" name="page41"></a>[pg
+      41]</span> M. Senard, who, like the other gossips and misers,
+      imagined that Paris would be given over to pillage,
+      determined to cover up, in a similar way, the most precious
+      articles in his shop. It was agreed that the riches of the
+      pastor and those of the jeweller should be deposited in the
+      same hole. But, then, who was to dig the said hole? One of
+      the singers in church was the very pearl of honest fellows,
+      father Moiselet, and in him every confidence could be
+      reposed. He would not touch a penny that did not belong to
+      him. The hole, made with much skill, was soon ready to
+      receive the treasure which it was intended to preserve, and
+      six feet of earth were cast on the specie of the Cur&egrave;,
+      to which were united diamonds worth 100,000 crowns, belonging
+      to M. Senard, and enclosed in a small box. The hollow filled
+      up, the ground was so well flattened, that one would have
+      betted with the devil that it had not been stirred since the
+      creation. "This good Moiselet," said M. Senard, rubbing his
+      hands, "has done it all admirably. Now, gentlemen cossacks,
+      you must have fine noses if you find it out!" At the end of a
+      few days the allied armies made further progress, and clouds
+      of Kirguiz, Kalmucs, and Tartars, of all hordes and all
+      colours, appeared in the environs of Paris. These unpleasant
+      guests are, it is well known, very greedy for plunder: they
+      made, every where, great ravages; they passed no habitation
+      without exacting tribute: but in their ardour for pillage
+      they did not confine themselves to the surface, all belonged
+      to them to the centre of the globe; and that they might not
+      be frustrated in their pretensions, these intrepid geologists
+      made a thousand excavations, which, to the regret of the
+      naturalists of the country, proved to them, that in France
+      the mines of gold or silver are not so deep as in Peru. Such
+      a discovery was well calculated to give them additional
+      energy; they dug with unparalleled activity, and the spoil
+      they found in many places of concealment threw the Croesuses
+      of many cantons into perfect despair. The cursed Cossacks!
+      But yet the instinct which so surely led them to the spot
+      where treasure was hidden, did not guide them to the hiding
+      place of the Cur&egrave;. It was like the blessing of heaven,
+      each morning the sun rose and nothing new; nothing new when
+      it set.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Most decidedly the finger of heaven must be recognised in the
+      impenetrability of the mysterious inhumation performed by
+      Moiselet. M. Senard was so fully convinced of it, that he
+      actually mingled thanksgivings with the prayers which he made
+      for the preservation and repose of his diamonds. Persuaded
+      that his vows would be heard, in growing security he began to
+      sleep more soundly, when one fine day, which was, of all days
+      in the week, a Friday, Moiselet, more dead than alive, ran to
+      the Cur&egrave;'s.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, sir, I can scarcely speak."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What's the matter, Moiselet?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I dare not tell you. Poor M. le Cur&egrave;, this affects me
+      deeply, I am paralyzed. If my veins were open not a drop of
+      blood would flow."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What is the matter? You alarm me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The hole."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mercy! I want to learn no more. Oh, what a terrible scourge
+      is war! Jeanneton, Jeanneton, come quickly, my shoes and
+      hat."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, sir, you have not breakfasted."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Oh, never mind breakfast."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You know, sir, when you go out fasting you have such
+      spasms&mdash;&mdash;."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My shoes, I tell you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And then you complain of your stomach."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I shall have no want of a stomach again all my life. Never
+      any more&mdash;no, never&mdash;ruined."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ruined&mdash;Jesu&mdash;Maria! Is it possible? Ah! sir, run
+      then,&mdash;run&mdash;."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whilst the Cur&egrave; dressed himself in haste, and,
+      impatient to buckle the strap, could scarcely put on his
+      shoes, Moiselet, in a most lamentable tone, told him what he
+      had seen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are you sure of it?" said the Cur&egrave;, perhaps they did
+      not take all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, sir, God grant it, but I had not courage enough to
+      look."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They went together towards the old barn, when they found that
+      the spoliation had been complete. Reflecting on the extent of
+      his loss, the Cur&egrave; nearly fell to the ground. Moiselet
+      was in a most pitiable state; the dear man afflicted himself
+      more than if the loss had been his own. It was terrific to
+      hear his sighs and groans. This was the result of love to
+      one's neighbour. M. Senard little thought how great was the
+      desolation at Livry. What was his despair on receiving the
+      news of the event! In Paris the police is the providence of
+      people who have lost any thing. The first idea, and the most
+      natural one, that occurred to M. Senard was, that the robbery
+      had been committed by the Cossacks, and, in such a case, the
+      police could not avail him materially; but M. Senard took
+      care not to suspect the Cossacks.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One Monday when I was in the office
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page42" name="page42"></a>[pg
+      42]</span> of M. Henry, I saw one of those little abrupt,
+      brisk men enter, who, at the first glance, we are convinced
+      are interested and distrustful: it was M. Senard, who briefly
+      related his mishap, and concluded by saying, that he had
+      strong suspicions of Moiselet. M. Henry thought also that he
+      was the author of the robbery, and I agreed with both. "It is
+      very well," he said, "but still our opinion is only founded
+      on conjecture, and if Moiselet keeps his own counsel we shall
+      have no chance of convicting him. It will be impossible."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Impossible!" cried M. Senard, "what will become of me? No,
+      no, I shall not vainly implore your succour. Do not you know
+      all? can you not do all when you choose? My diamonds! my poor
+      diamonds! I will give one hundred thousand francs to get them
+      back again."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [Vidocq promises to recover the jewels, and the jeweller
+      offers him 10,000 francs.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In spite of successive abatements of M. Senard, in proportion
+      as he believed the discovery probable, I promised to exert
+      every effort in my power to effect the desired result. But
+      before any thing could be undertaken, it was necessary that a
+      formal complaint should be made; and M. Senard and the
+      Cur&egrave;, thereupon, went to Pontoise, and the declaration
+      being consequently made, and the robbery stated, Moiselet was
+      taken up and interrogated. They tried every means to make him
+      confess his guilt; but he persisted in avowing himself
+      innocent, and, for lack of proof to the contrary, the charge
+      was about to be dropped altogether, when to preserve it for a
+      time, I set an agent of mine to work. He, clothed in a
+      military uniform, with his left arm in a sling, went with a
+      billet to the house where Moiselet's wife lived. He was
+      supposed to have just left the hospital, and was only to stay
+      at Livry for forty-eight hours; but a few moments after his
+      arrival, he had a fall, and a pretended sprain suddenly
+      occurred, which put it out of his power to continue his
+      route. It was then indispensable for him to delay, and the
+      mayor decided that he should remain with the cooper's wife
+      until further orders.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cooper's wife was charmed with his many little
+      attentions. The soldier could write, and became her
+      secretary; but the letters which she addressed to her dear
+      husband were of a nature not to compromise her&mdash;not the
+      least expression that can have a twofold
+      construction&mdash;it was innocence corresponding with
+      innocence. At length, after a few day's experience, I was
+      convinced that my agent, in spite of his talent, would draw
+      no profit from his mission. I then resolved to manoeuvre in
+      person, and, disguised as a travelling hawker, I began to
+      visit the environs of Livry. I was one of those Jews who deal
+      in every thing,&mdash;clothes, jewels, &amp;c. &amp;c.; and I
+      took in exchange gold, silver, jewels, in fact, all that was
+      offered me. An old female robber, who knew the neighbourhood
+      perfectly, accompanied me in my tour: she was the widow of a
+      celebrated thief, Germain Boudier, called Father Latuil, who,
+      after having undergone half-a-dozen sentences, died at last
+      at Saint Pelagie. I flattered myself that Madame Moiselet,
+      seduced by her eloquence, and by our merchandize, would bring
+      out the store of the Cur&egrave;'s crowns, some brilliant of
+      the purest water, nay, even the chalice or paten, in case the
+      bargain should be to her liking. My calculation was not
+      verified; the cooper's wife was in no haste to make a
+      bargain, and her coquetry did not get the better of her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Jew hawker was soon metamorphosed into a German servant;
+      and under this disguise I began to ramble about the vicinity
+      of Pontoise, with a design of being apprehended. I sought out
+      the gendarmes, whilst I pretended to avoid them; but they,
+      thinking I wished to get away from them, demanded a sight of
+      my papers. Of course I had none, and they desired me to
+      accompany them to a magistrate, who, knowing nothing of the
+      jargon in which I replied to his questions, desired to know
+      what money I had; and a search was forthwith commenced in his
+      presence. My pockets contained some money and valuables, the
+      possession of which seemed to astonish him. The magistrate,
+      as curious as a commissary, wished to know how they came into
+      my hands; and I sent him to the devil with two or three
+      Teutonic oaths, of the most polished kind; and he, to teach
+      me better manners another time, sent me to prison.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Once more the iron bolts were drawn upon me. At the moment of
+      my arrival, the prisoners were playing in the prison yard,
+      and the jailer introduced me amongst them in these terms, "I
+      bring you a murderer of the parts of speech; understand him
+      if you can."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They immediately flocked about me, and I was accosted with
+      salutations of <i>Landsman</i> and <i>Meinheer</i> without
+      end. During this reception, I looked out for the cooper of
+      Livry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      [He meets with him.]
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page43" name="page43"></a>[pg
+      43]</span> "Mossi&eacute;, Mossi&eacute;," I said, addressing
+      the prisoner, who seemed to think I said Moiselet,
+      "Mossi&eacute; Fine Hapit, (not knowing his name, I so
+      designated him, because his coat was the colour of flesh,)
+      sacrement, ter teufle, no tongue to me; yer Fran&ccedil;ois,
+      I miseraple, I trink vine; faut trink for gelt, plack vine."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I pointed to his hat, which was black; he did not understand
+      me; but on making a gesture that I wanted to drink, he found
+      me perfectly intelligible. All the buttons of my great coat
+      were twenty-franc pieces; I gave him one: he asked if they
+      had brought the wine, and soon afterwards I heard a turnkey
+      say,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Father Moiselet, I have taken up two bottles for you." The
+      flesh-coloured coat was then Moiselet. I followed him into
+      his room, and we began to drink with all our might. Two other
+      bottles arrived; we only went on in couples. Moiselet, in his
+      capacity of chorister, cooper, sexton, &amp;c. &amp;c. was no
+      less a sot than gossip; he got tipsy with great good-will,
+      and incessantly spoke to me in the jargon I had assumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Matters progressed well; after two or three hours such as
+      these I pretended to get stupid. Moiselet, to set me to
+      rights, gave me a cup of coffee without sugar; after coffee
+      came glasses of water. No one can conceive the care which my
+      new friend took of me; but when drunkenness is of such a
+      nature it is like death&mdash;all care is useless.
+      Drunkenness overpowered me. I went to bed and slept; at least
+      Moiselet thought so; but I saw him many times fill my glass
+      and his own, and gulp them both down. The next day, when I
+      awoke, he paid me the balance, three francs and fifty
+      centimes, which, according to him, remained from the
+      twenty-franc piece. I was an excellent companion; Moiselet
+      found me so, and never quitted me. I finished the
+      twenty-franc piece with him, and then produced one of forty
+      francs, which vanished as quickly. When he saw it drunk out
+      also he feared it was the last.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Your button again," said he to me, in a tone of extreme
+      anxiety, and yet very comical.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I showed him another coin. "Ah, your large button again," he
+      shouted out, jumping for joy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This button went the same way as all the other buttons, until
+      at length, by dint of drinking together, Moiselet understood
+      and spoke my language almost as well as I did myself, and we
+      could then disclose our troubles to each other. Moiselet was
+      very curious to know my history, and that which I trumped up
+      was exactly adapted to inspire the confidence I wished to
+      create.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My master and I come to France&mdash;I was
+      tomestic&mdash;master of mein Austrian
+      marechal&mdash;Austrian with de gelt in family. Master always
+      roving, always gay, joint regiment at Montreau. Montreau, oh,
+      mein Gott, great, great pattle&mdash;many sleep no more but
+      in death. Napoleon coom&mdash;poum, poum go gannon. Prusse,
+      Austrian, Rousse all disturb. I, too, much disturb. Go on my
+      ways with master mein, with my havresac on mein
+      horse&mdash;poor teufel was I&mdash;but there was gelt in it.
+      Master mein say, 'Galop, Fritz.' I called Fritz in home mein.
+      Fritz galop to Pondi&mdash;there halt Fritz&mdash;place
+      havresac not visible; and if I get again to Yarmany with
+      havresac, me rich becomen, mistress mein rich, father mein
+      rich, you too rich."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Although the narrative was not the cleverest in the world,
+      father Moiselet swallowed it all as gospel; he saw well that
+      during the battle of Montereau, I had fled with my master's
+      portmanteau, and hidden it in the forest of Bondy. The
+      confidence did not astonish him, and had the effect of
+      acquiring for me an increase of his affection. This
+      augmentation of friendship, after a confession which exposed
+      me as a thief, proved to me that he had an accommodating
+      conscience. I thenceforth remained convinced that he knew
+      better than any other person what had become of the diamonds
+      of M. Senard, and that it only depended on him to give me
+      full and accurate information.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One evening, after a good dinner, I was boasting to him of
+      the delicacies of the Rhine: he heaved a deep sigh, and then
+      asked me if there was good wine in that country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, yes," I answered, "goot vine and charming girl."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Charming girl too!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, ya."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Landsman, shall I go with you."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, ya, me grat content."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, you content, well! I quit France, yield the old woman,
+      (he showed me by his fingers that Madame Moiselet was
+      three-and-thirty,) and in your land I take little girl no
+      more as fifteen years."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ya, bien, a girl no infant: a! you is a brave lad."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Moiselet returned more than once to his project of
+      emigration; he thought seriously of it, but to emigrate
+      liberty was requisite, and they were not inclined to let us
+      go out. I suggested to him
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page44" name="page44"></a>[pg
+      44]</span> that he should escape with me on the first
+      opportunity&mdash;and when he had promised me that we would
+      not separate, not even to take a last adieu of his wife, I
+      was certain that I should soon have him in my toils. This
+      certainly was the result of very simple reasoning. Moiselet,
+      said I to myself, will follow me to Germany: people do not
+      travel or live on air: he relies on living well there: he is
+      old, and, like king Solomon, proposes to tickle his fancy
+      with some little Abishag of Sunem. Oh, father Moiselet has
+      found the <i>black hen</i>; here he has no money, therefore
+      his black hen is not here; but where is she? We shall soon
+      learn, for we are to be henceforward inseparable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as my man had made all his reflections, and that,
+      with his head full of his castles in Germany, he had so soon
+      resolved to expatriate himself, I addressed to the king's
+      attorney-general a letter, in which, making myself known as
+      the superior agent of the Police de S&ucirc;ret&eacute;, I
+      begged him to give an order that I should be sent away with
+      Moiselet, he to go to Livry, and I to Paris.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We did not wait long for the order, and the jailer announced
+      it to us, on the eve of its being put into execution; and I
+      had the night before me to fortify Moiselet in his
+      resolutions. He persisted in them more strongly than ever,
+      and acceded with rapture to the proposition I made him of
+      effecting an escape from our escort as soon as it was
+      feasible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So anxious was he to commence his journey, that he could not
+      sleep. At daybreak, I gave him to understand that I took him
+      for a thief as well as myself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ah, ah, grip also," said I to him, "deep, deep
+      Fran&ccedil;ois, you not spoken, but tief all as von."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He made me no answer; but when, with my fingers squeezed
+      together <i>&agrave; la Normande</i>, he saw me make a
+      gesture of grasping something, he could not prevent himself
+      from smiling, with that bashful expression of <i>Yes</i>,
+      which he had not courage to utter. The hypocrite had some
+      shame about him, the shame of a devotee. I was understood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At length the wished-for moment of departure came, which was
+      to enable us to accomplish our designs. Moiselet was ready
+      three whole hours beforehand, and to give him courage, I had
+      not neglected to push about the wine and brandy, and he did
+      not leave the prison until after having received all his
+      sacraments.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We were tied with a very thin cord, and on our way he made me
+      a signal that there would be no difficulty in breaking it. He
+      did not think that he should break the charm which had till
+      then preserved him. The further we went the more he testified
+      that he placed his hopes of safety in me; at each minute he
+      reiterated a prayer that I would not abandon him; and I as
+      often replied, "Ya, Fran&ccedil;ois, ya, I not leave you." At
+      length the decisive moment came, the cord was broken. I
+      leaped a ditch, which separated us from a thicket. Moiselet,
+      who seemed young again, jumped after me: one of the gendarmes
+      alighted to follow us, but to run and jump in jack-boots and
+      with a heavy sword was difficult; and whilst he made a
+      circuit to join us, we disappeared in a hollow, and were soon
+      lost to view.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A path into which we struck led us to the wood of Vaujours.
+      There Moiselet stopped, and having looked carefully about
+      him, went towards some bushes. I saw him then stoop, plunge
+      his arm into a thick tuft, whence he took out a spade:
+      arising quickly, he went on some paces without saying a word;
+      and when we reached a birch tree, several of the boughs of
+      which I observed were broken, he took off his hat and coat,
+      and began to dig. He went to work with so much good-will,
+      that his labour rapidly advanced. Suddenly he stooped down,
+      and then escaped from him that ha! which betokens
+      satisfaction, and which informed me, without the use of a
+      conjuror's rod, that he had found his treasure. I thought the
+      cooper would have fainted; but recovering himself, he made
+      two or three more strokes with his spade, and the box was
+      exposed to view. I seized on the instrument of his toil, and
+      suddenly changing my language, declared, in very good French,
+      that he was my prisoner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No resistance," I said, "or I will cleave your skull in
+      two."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this threat he seemed in a dream; but when he knew that he
+      was gripped by that iron hand which had subdued the most
+      vigorous malefactors, he was convinced that it was no vision.
+      Moiselet was as quiet as a lamb. I had sworn not to leave
+      him, and kept my word. During the journey to the station of
+      the brigade of gendarmerie, where I deposited him, he
+      frequently cried out,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I am done&mdash;who could have thought it? and he had such a
+      simple look too!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the assizes of Versailles, Moiselet was sentenced to six
+      months' solitary confinement.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M. Senard was overpowered with joy at having recovered his
+      hundred thousand crowns worth of diamonds. Faithful to his
+      system of abatement, he reduced the
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page45" name="page45"></a>[pg
+      45]</span> reward one-half; and still there was difficulty in
+      getting five thousand francs from him, out of which I had
+      been compelled to expend more than two thousand: in fact, at
+      one moment I really thought I should have been compelled to
+      bear the expenses myself.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE TOYMAN IS ABROAD.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "En fait d'inutilit&eacute;s, il ne faut que le
+          n&eacute;cessaire."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      CHAMPFORT.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      There is no term in political philosophy more ambiguous and
+      lax in its meaning than Luxury. In Ireland, salt with a
+      potato is, by the peasant, placed in this category. Among the
+      Cossacks, a clean shirt is more than a luxury&mdash;it is an
+      effeminacy; and a Scotch nobleman is reported to have
+      declared, that the act of scratching one's self is a luxury
+      too great for any thing under royalty. The Russians (there is
+      no disputing on tastes) hold train-oil to be a prime luxury;
+      and I remember seeing a group of them following an exciseman
+      on the quays at Dover to plunder the oil casks, as they were
+      successively opened for his operations. A poor Finland woman,
+      who for her sins had married an Englishman and followed him
+      to this country, was very glad to avail herself of her
+      husband's death to leave a land where the people were so
+      unhappy as to be without a regular supply of seal's flesh for
+      their dinner. While the good man lived, her affection for him
+      somewhat balanced her hankering after this native luxury; but
+      no sooner was the husband dead, than her lawyer-like
+      propensity re-assumed its full force, and, like Proteus
+      released from his chains, she abandoned civilized life to get
+      back to her favourite shores, to liberty, and the animals of
+      her predilection. "If I were rich," said a poor farmer's boy,
+      "I would eat fat pudding, and ride all day on a gate;" which
+      was evidently his highest idea of human luxury. But it is
+      less with the quality of our indulgences, than their extent,
+      that I have now to treat. Diogenes, who prided himself on
+      cutting his coat according to his cloth, and thought himself
+      a greater man, in proportion as he diminished his wants,
+      placed his luxuries in idleness and sunshine, and seems to
+      have relished these enjoyments with as much sensuality as
+      Plato did his fine house and delicate fare. Even he was more
+      reasonable than those sectarians, who have prevailed in
+      almost all religions, and who, believing that the Deity
+      created man for the express purpose of inflicting upon him
+      every species of torture, have inveighed against the most
+      innocent gratifications, and have erected luxury into a
+      deadly sin. These theologians will not allow a man to eat his
+      breakfast with a relish; and impute it as a vice if he smacks
+      his lips, though it be but after a draught of water. Nay,
+      there have been some who have thought good roots and Adam's
+      ale too great luxuries for a Christian lawfully to indulge
+      in; and they have purposely ill-cooked their vegetables, and
+      mixed them with ashes, and even more disgusting things, to
+      mortify the flesh, as they called it&mdash;i.e. to offer a
+      sacrifice of their natural feelings to the demon of which
+      they have made a god.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of late years, more especially, our ideas on this subject
+      have much enlarged; and all ranks of Englishmen hold an
+      infinity of objects as prime necessaries, which their more
+      modest ancestors ranked as luxuries, fit only for their
+      betters to enjoy. This should be a matter of sincere
+      rejoicing to all true patriots; because it affords
+      indubitable evidence of the progress of civilization. A
+      civilized gentleman differs from a savage, principally in the
+      multiplicity of his wants; and Mandeville, in his fable of
+      the bees, has proved to demonstration that extravagance is
+      the mother of commerce. What, indeed, are steam-engines,
+      macadamized roads, man-traps that break no bones, patent
+      cork-screws, and detonating fowling-pieces, safety coaches
+      and cork legs, but luxuries, at which a cynic would scoff;
+      yet how could a modern Englishman get on without them? It is
+      perfectly true that our Henries and Edwards contrived to beat
+      their enemies unassisted by these inventions. Books,
+      likewise, which were a luxury scarcely known to the wisdom of
+      our ancestors, are a luxury now so indispensable, that there
+      is hardly a mechanic who has not his little library: while a
+      piano forte also has become as necessary to a farm-house as a
+      mangle or a frying-pan; and there are actually more copies
+      printed of "Cherry ripe," than of Tull's husbandry. Is not a
+      silver fork, moreover, an acknowledged necessary in every
+      decent establishment? while the barbarous Mussulman dispenses
+      with knives and forks altogether, and eats his meal, like a
+      savage as he is, with his fingers. Nor can it be deemed an
+      objection to this hypothesis, that the Turk, who rejects all
+      the refinements of European civilization, excepting only
+      gunpowder, esteems four wives to be necessary to a decent
+      establishment; while the most clear-sighted
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page46" name="page46"></a>[pg
+      46]</span> Englishmen think one more than enough for
+      enjoyment. The difference is more formal than real.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Henry the fourth of France had but one coach between himself
+      and his queen; whereas no respectable person can now dispense
+      at the least with a travelling chariot, a barouche, a cab,
+      and a dennet. Civilization, which received a temporary check
+      during the revolutionary war, has resumed its march in
+      double-quick time since the Continent has been opened.
+      Champaigne and ices have now become absolute necessaries at
+      tables where a bottle of humble port and a supernumerary
+      pudding were esteemed luxuries, fit only for honouring the
+      more solemn rites of hospitality. I say nothing of heads of
+      hair, and false (I beg pardon&mdash;artificial) teeth;
+      without which, at a certain age, there is no appearing. A
+      bald head, at the present day, is as great an indecency as
+      Humphrey Clinker's unmentionables; and a dismantled mouth is
+      an outrage on well-bred society. Then, again, how necessary
+      is a cigar and a meerschaum to a well-appointed man of
+      fashion, and how can a gentleman possibly show at Melton
+      without at least a dozen hunters, and two or three hacks, to
+      ride to cover! Yet no one in his senses would tax these
+      things as luxuries; or would blame his friend for getting
+      into the King's Bench for their indulgence. Even the most
+      austere judges of the land, and the most jealous juries of
+      tradesmen, have borne ample testimony to the reasonableness
+      of this modern extension of the wants of life, by the liberal
+      allowance of necessaries which they have sanctioned in the
+      tailors' bills of litigating minors. This liberality, indeed,
+      follows, as consequence follows cause. Some one has found, or
+      invented, a story of a shipwrecked traveller's hailing the
+      gallows as the sure token of a civilized community. But the
+      jest is by no means a <i>ben trovato</i>; the member of
+      gibbets being inversely as the perfection of social
+      institutions; and if any one object, that England, while it
+      is the best-governed country in Europe&mdash;its envy and
+      admiration&mdash;is also a hanging community <i>par
+      excellence</i>, I must beg to remind him of the intense
+      interest which an English public feels in the victims of
+      capital punishment, in the Thurtells and the Fauntleroys; as
+      also of the universal conviction prevailing in England, that
+      the gallows is a short and sure cut to everlasting happiness.
+      From all this, if there is any force in logic, we must
+      conclude, that hanging, in this country, is only applied
+      <i>honoris caus&acirc;</i>, as an ovation, in consideration
+      of the great and magnanimous daring of the Alexanders and
+      Caesars on a small scale, to whom the law adjudges the
+      "palmam qui meruit ferat." The real and true test of a
+      refined polity is not the gallows; but is to be found rather
+      in such well-imagined insolvent laws, as discharge a maximum
+      of debt with a minimum of assets; and rid a gentleman
+      annually of his duns, with the smallest possible quantity of
+      corporeal inconvenience. When luxuries become necessaries,
+      insolvency is the best safety-valve to discharge the surplus
+      dishonesty of the people, which, if pent up, would explode in
+      dangerous overt acts of crime and violence; and it should be
+      encouraged accordingly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To be concluded in our next</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      Notes of a Reader.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The only notice which occurs of "The Last of the
+      Plantagenets" is, says the author of a Romance with the above
+      name, in Peck's "Desiderata Curiosa," where a letter is
+      inserted from Dr. Brett to Dr. Warren, the president of
+      Trinity Hall, in which he says that, calling on Lord
+      Winchilsea in 1720, his lordship pointed out to him this
+      entry in the register of Eastwell&mdash;"Anno 1550, Rycharde
+      Plantagenet was buryed the 22nd daye of December;" beyond
+      this, not a word is known of him excepting what tradition
+      affords, which, with some slight variations, for there are
+      two versions of his history, is as follows:&mdash;When Sir
+      Thomas Moyle built Eastwell, he observed that his principal
+      bricklayer, whenever he quitted his work, retired with a
+      book, a circumstance which attracted his attention, and on
+      inquiry he found he was reading Latin: he then told Sir
+      Thomas his secret, which was, that he was boarded with a
+      Latin schoolmaster, without knowing who were his relations,
+      until he was fifteen or sixteen; that he was occasionally
+      visited by a gentleman who provided for his expenses; that
+      this person one day took him to a fine house where he was
+      presented to a gentleman handsomely drest, wearing a "star
+      and garter," who gave him money, and conducted him back to
+      school; that some time afterwards the same gentleman came to
+      him, and took him into Leicestershire and to Bosworth Field,
+      when he was carried to king Richard's tent; that the king
+      embraced him, told him he was his son; adding, "Child,
+      to-morrow, I must fight for my
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page47" name="page47"></a>[pg
+      47]</span> crown; and assure yourself, if I lose that, I will
+      lose my life too, but I hope to preserve both, do you stand
+      in such a place (pointing to the spot) where you may see the
+      battle, out of danger, and when I have gained the victory
+      come to me. I will then own you to be mine, and take care of
+      you: but if I should lose the battle, then shift as well as
+      you can, and take care to let nobody know that I am your
+      father, for no mercy will be shown to any one so nearly
+      related to me;" that the king gave him a purse of gold and
+      dismissed him; that he followed those directions, and when he
+      saw the battle was lost and the king slain, he hastened to
+      London, sold his horse and his fine clothes, and the better
+      to conceal himself from all suspicion of being the son of a
+      king, and that he might gain a livelihood, he put himself
+      apprentice to a bricklayer, and generally spent his spare
+      time in reading. Sir Thomas, finding him very old, is said to
+      have offered him <i>the run of his kitchen</i>, which he
+      declined, on the ground of his patron having a large family;
+      but asked his permission to build a small house in one of his
+      fields, and this being granted, he built a cottage, and
+      continued in it till his death.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      ANTIQUITIES BURLESQUED.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      We have often been amused with the different wonders of
+      ancient Rome, but seldom more than with the following piece
+      of antiquarianism burlesqued:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      M. Simond, in his Tour in Italy and Sicily, tells us that the
+      Coliseum is too ruinous&mdash;that the Egyptian Museum in the
+      Vatican puts him in mind of the five wigs in the barber
+      Figaro's shop-window&mdash;that the Apollo Belvidere looks
+      like a broken-backed young gentleman shooting at a target for
+      the amusement of young ladies. Speaking of the Etruscan
+      vases, he says, "As to the alleged elegance of form, I should
+      be inclined to appeal from the present to succeeding
+      generations, when the transformation of every pitcher,
+      milk-pot and butter-pan, into an antique shape, has
+      completely burlesqued away the classical feeling, and
+      restored impartiality to taste."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      About six or seven-and-twenty years ago, an effort was made
+      to revive the fashion of ladies visiting the House of
+      Commons. The late Queen Caroline, then Princess of Wales,
+      upon one or two occasions made her appearance, with a female
+      attendant, in the side-gallery. The royal visit soon became
+      generally known, and several other females were tempted to
+      follow the example. Among these was Mrs. Sheridan, the wife
+      of the late Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan; but
+      this lady, considering herself an intruder, to whose
+      presence, if known, exception might be taken, thought fit to
+      disguise her person in male attire. Her fine dark hair was
+      combed smooth on her forehead, and made to sit close, in good
+      puritanical trim, while a long, loose, brown coat concealed
+      her feminine proportions. Thus prepared, she took her seat in
+      the Strangers' Gallery, anxious to witness a display of her
+      husband's eloquence; but he did not speak, and the debate
+      proved without any interest. The female aspirants whose taste
+      was thus excited, were, however, confined to a few
+      blue-stocking belles, without influence to set the fashion;
+      and the attempt did not succeed.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MOCHA.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The buildings of Mocha are so white, that it seems as if
+      excavated from a quarry of marble; and this whiteness of the
+      town forms a curious contrast with the blueness of the sea.
+      The materials, however, of which Mocha is constructed, are
+      nothing better than unburnt bricks, plastered over, and
+      whitewashed. The coffee bean is cultivated in the interior,
+      and is thence brought to Mocha for exportation. The Arabs
+      themselves use the husks, which make but an inferior
+      infusion. Vegetables are grown round the town, and fruits are
+      brought from Senna; while grain, horses, asses, and sheep,
+      are imported from Abyssinia. There are twelve schools in the
+      town; and, inland, near Senna, there are colleges, in which
+      the twelve branches of Mohomedan sciences are taught, as is
+      usual in Turkey and India. Arab women marry about the age of
+      sixteen; they are allowed great liberty in visiting one
+      another, and can divorce their husbands on very slight
+      grounds. Every lady who pays a visit, carries a small bag of
+      coffee with her, which enables "her to enjoy society without
+      putting her friends to expense."&mdash;<i>Lushington's
+      Journey from Calcutta to Europe.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Every one acquainted with the public press of Europe, must
+      have observed the contrast which a London Newspaper forms
+      with the journals of every other capital in Europe. The
+      foreign journals never break in upon the privacy of
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page48" name="page48"></a>[pg
+      48]</span> domestic life. There the fame of parties and
+      dinners is confined to the rooms which constitute their
+      scene, and the names of the individuals who partake of them
+      never travel out of their own circle. How widely different is
+      the practice of the London Journals! A lady of fashion can
+      find no place so secret where she can hide herself from their
+      search. They follow her from town to country, from the
+      country to the town. They trace her from the breakfast-table
+      to the Park, from the Park to the dinner-table, from thence
+      to the Opera or the ball, and from her boudoir to her bed.
+      They trace her every where. She may make as many doubles as a
+      hare, but they are all in vain; it is impossible to escape
+      pursuit; and yet the introduction of female names into the
+      daily newspapers, now so common, is only of modern date.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The late Sir Henry Dudley Bate, editor of <i>The Morning
+      Herald</i>, was the first person who introduced females into
+      the columns of a newspaper. He was at the time editor of
+      <i>The Morning Post</i>.&mdash; <i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      The Gatherer.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      SHAKSPEARE.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      REFLECTION IN A FLOWER GARDEN.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          I hate the flower whose wanton breast<a id="footnotetag9"
+          name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9"><sup>9</sup></a>
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Awaits the sun at morn and noon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And when he's hid behind the west,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          As gaily flaunteth with the moon.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Mine be the flower of virgin leaf,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          That when its sire has left the plain,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Wraps up its charms in silent grief,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Nor ope's them till he comes again.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      E.K.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      A "THIN NIGHT" AT VAUXHALL.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      There were fewer audience than performers, and those made up
+      of fellows evidently not in the habit of shirt-wearing; of
+      women there were very few&mdash; of ladies none; the
+      fireworks were bad and brief, and the waterworks the most
+      absurd affair I ever beheld; the thing was overdone. To the
+      people who would like to go to Vauxhall in fine weather,
+      second-rate Italian singing and broken down English prima
+      donnas are no inducement, a bad ballet in a booth has no
+      attraction, and an attempt at variety mars the whole affair.
+      Vauxhall is a delightful place to go to in fine weather with
+      a pleasant party; give us space to walk, light up that space,
+      and shelter us from the elements, set the military bands to
+      play popular airs, and we ask no more for our four or five
+      shillings, or whatever it is; but the moment tumbling is
+      established in various parts of the garden, and the whole
+      thing is made a sort of Bartholomew Fair, the object of
+      breathing a little fresher air, and hearing ourselves talk is
+      ended; crowds of raffs in boots and white neckcloths attended
+      by their dowdy damsels and waddling wives, rush from one
+      place to another, helter skelter, knocking over the few quiet
+      people to whom the "sights" are a novelty; turning what in
+      the days of the late Lady Castlereagh, the present Duchess of
+      Bedford, the first Duchess of Devonshire, and the last
+      Duchess of Gordon (but one) was a delightful reunion of
+      fashion, into a tea-garden (without tea) or a
+      bear-garden&mdash;not without bears.&mdash;<i>Sharpe's
+      Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND LORD NOEL BYRON.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It is a singular coincidence, not unworthy of remark, that
+      the initials of two of the most singular men of their own,
+      and perhaps of any age, the Emperor Napoleon of France, and
+      Lord Noel Byron of England, used the same letters as an
+      abbreviation of their name, N.B. which likewise denotes
+      <i>Nota Bene</i>. It was not the habit of either to affix his
+      name to letters, but merely N.B.&mdash;R.W.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      LIMBIRD'S EDITION<br />
+      of the <i>following novels is already published</i>:
+    </p>
+    <pre>
+                                       s.   d.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling           0     6
+  Paul and Virginia                    0     6
+  The Castle of Otranto                0     6
+  Almoran and Hamet                    0     6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia  0     6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne   0     6
+  Rasselas                             0     8
+  The Old English Baron                0     8
+  Nature and Art                       0     8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield       0    10
+  Sicilian Romance                     0    10
+  The Man of the World                 1     0
+  A Simple Story                       1     4
+  Joseph Andrews                       1     6
+  Humphry Clinker                      1     8
+  The Romance of the Forest            1     8
+  The Italian                          2     0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Roderick Random                      2     6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho             3     6
+  Peregrine Pickle                     4     6
+</pre>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Probably a corruption of Benones Bridge, as it is within
+        four miles of the Roman station, Benones, now High Cross.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Vitellius had great weight and influence in the reign of
+        Claudius; Vespasian at that time paid his court to the
+        favourite, and also to Narcissus, the emperor's freedman.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Now in the possession of the Rev. P. Homer, of Rugby.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        In the possession of Mr. Matthew Bloxam, of the same place.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> <b>Footnote 5</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Edited by that distinguished and learned antiquary, Wm.
+        Hamper, of Birmingham, Esq., in his <i>Life of Dugdale</i>.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a> <b>Footnote 6</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Another correspondent, <i>Amicus</i>, states that the grant
+        of the Pension was in the possession of the Rector of
+        Cheriton, in Hampshire, and was "lost by him to Government,
+        a short time before his death, in the year 1825."
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a> <b>Footnote 7</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        <i>Cobbold</i>, in mining countries, especially Cornwall,
+        is the legendary guardian spirit of the mine, and severe
+        master of its treasures. In Germany, Sweden, &amp;c. the
+        Cobbold may be traced under various modifications and
+        titles.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a> <b>Footnote 8</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        Magazine of Natural History, No.1.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a> <b>Footnote 9</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        There be some flowers that do remain quite unclosed, during
+        not only the day, but during also the night. There be
+        others which do likewise open during the day, albeit when
+        night cometh, they close themselves up until the sun do
+        appear, when they again ope their
+        beautifulness.&mdash;<i>Old Botanist</i>.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 14, No. 381 Saturday, July 18, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 27, 2004 [EBook #11332]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO 381 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David Garcia and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIV, NO. 381.] SATURDAY, JULY 18, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+[Illustration: APSLEY HOUSE]
+
+
+
+THE MANSION OF HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
+
+
+The town mansions of our nobility are generally beneath all
+architectural criticism; and it has been pertinently observed that "an
+educated foreigner is quite astonished when shown the residences of
+our higher nobility and gentry in the British capital. He has heard
+speak of some great nobleman, with a revenue equal to that of a
+principality. He feels a curiosity to look at his palace, and he is
+shown a plain, common, brick house of forty or fifty feet in extent."
+These observations were made about three years ago, since which
+period, the spirit of architectural improvement has been fast
+extending from public buildings to individual mansions. Among the
+latter, the renovation or encasement of Apsley House, at Hyde Park
+Corner, with a fine stone front, is entitled to foremost notice.
+
+This splendid improvement is from the designs of Benjamin Wyatt, Esq.
+and is of the Palladian style. The basement story is rusticated, and
+the principal front has a handsome pediment supported by four columns
+of the Corinthian order. A bold cornice extends on all sides, which
+are decorated at the angles with Corinthian pilasters. The whole has
+an air of substantial elegance, and is in extremely good taste, if we
+except the door and window cases, which we are disposed to think
+rather too small. The Piccadilly front is enclosed with a rich bronzed
+palisade between leaved pillars, being in continuation of the
+classical taste of the entrance gates to Hyde Park, and the superb
+entrance to the Royal Gardens on the opposite side of the road.
+Throughout the whole, the chaste Grecian honey-suckle is introduced
+with very pleasing effect.
+
+Besides the new frontage, Apsley House has been considerably enlarged,
+and a slip of ground from Hyde Park added to the gardens. The
+ball-room, extending the whole depth of the mansion, is one of the
+most magnificent _salons_ in the metropolis; and a picture gallery is
+in progress. Altogether, the improvement is equally honourable to the
+genius of the architect, and the taste of the illustrious proprietor
+of the mansion; for no foreigner can gainsay that Apsley House has the
+befitting splendour of a ducal, nay even of a royal palace.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+WATLING STREET.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+There has been much discussion among antiquaries respecting the
+etymology of an ancient Roman road, called the Watling Street Way,
+which commencing from Dover, traces its course to London, St. Alban's,
+Weedon, over _Bensford Bridge_,[1] High Cross, Atherstone, Wall,
+Wroxeter, and Chester, from which last place a branch appears to point
+in nearly a straight direction through St. Asaph to Segontium, or Caer
+Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course from
+Wroxeter to Manchester, York, Lancaster, Kendal, and Cockermouth.
+
+Hoveden thinks it was called the Watling Street from Wathe, or Wathla,
+a British king. Spelman fancies it was called Werlam Street, from its
+passing through Verulam. Somner derives the name from the Belgic
+Wentelen, _volvere, versare se, a sinuosis flexibus_. Baxter contends
+that it was made by the original Britons, Weteling, or Oedeling
+signifying in their language, _originarius civis vel ingenuus_.
+Stukeley's opinion, in which he is joined by Whitaker, the Manchester
+historian, is, that it was the Guetheling road--Sarn Guethelin, or the
+road of the Irish, the G being pronounced as a W. Dr. Wilkes says,
+that it is more indented and crooked than other Roman Roads usually
+are, and supposes that it was formed of _Wattles_, which was the idea
+also of Pointer. Mr. Duff is not pleased with the opinion of Camden,
+that it derives its name from an unknown _Vitellianus_, but
+conjectures that its etymology is from the Saxon _Wadla_, a poor man,
+a beggar, because such people resorted to this road for the charity of
+travellers.
+
+Among so many crude and discordant opinions, I shall endeavour to
+substitute another more consistent with the true etymology of the
+word. I agree with the historian of Manchester, that the Roman
+stations were prior to the roads, and that the latter were only the
+channels of communication to the former. The stations commenced during
+the conquest of the country, and all of them were completed at the
+conclusion of it. The roads therefore could not be constructed till
+the first or second summer after the stations were established.
+Whoever has attentively observed the line or direction of the Watling
+Street, must be convinced of the truth of the foregoing observations;
+and the deviation from a straight line, which in many parts is so
+apparent, and so evidently made to enable the Romans to pass from one
+station to another, may be considered conclusive upon this point. I
+therefore have no hesitation in asserting, that the Watling Street Way
+is a Roman road, and probably planned and formed by Vespasian, the
+celebrated Roman general in Britain, who named this road in compliment
+to the emperor, _Vitellius, Vitellii Strata Via_, Watling Street Way.
+Suetonius, in his _Life of Vespasian_, says, (chapter 4,) "_Claudio
+principe, Narcissi gratia, legatus in Germaniam missus est
+(Vespasianus;) inde in Britanniam translatus, tricies cum hoste
+conflixit. Duas validissimas gentes, superq viginti oppida, et insulam
+Vectam Britanniae proximam, in deditionem redegit, partim Auli Plautii
+legati, partim Claudii ipsius ductu. Quare triumphalia ornamenta, et
+in spatio brevi, duplex sacerdotium accepit, praeterea consulatum,
+quem gessit per duos novissimos anni menses." Or, "In the reign of
+Claudius, by the interest of Narcissus,[2] he (Vespasian) was sent
+lieutenant general of a legion into Germany, from whence being removed
+into Britain, he engaged the enemy in thirty distinct battles, and
+subjected to the power of the Romans two very strong nations, and
+above twenty great towns, and the Isle of Wight, upon the coast of
+Britain, partly under the command of Aulus Plautius, and partly under
+that of Claudius himself. In reward for these noble services he
+received the triumphal ornaments, and in a short time after, two
+priest's offices, besides the consulship, which he held for the two
+last months of the year."
+
+The same author, in his Life of Vitellius, seems to strengthen or
+rather establish the conjecture of its being the _Vitellii Strata
+Via_, for he says, (chapter 1,) "_indicia, stirpis (Vitelliorum) diu
+mansisse, Viam Vitelliam ab Janiculo ad mare usque, item coloniam
+ejusdem nominis._" Or, "Some monuments of the family continued a long
+time, as the _Vitellian Way_, reaching from the Janiculum to the sea,
+and likewise a colony of that name." From the abovementioned extracts,
+it seems not improbable that one of the thirty battles mentioned by
+Suetonius, might have been fought during the time the Romans were
+forming this road through the Forest of Arden, which extended from
+Henley, in Warwickshire, to Market Harborough, in Leicestershire; and
+that it was called in compliment to Vitellius, the _Vitellian Way_,
+afterwards corrupted to the _Watling Way_.
+
+This road from the Avon, which it passes at Dove Bridge, to the Anker,
+near Atherstone, forms the boundary between the counties of Leicester
+and Warwick. In the month of June, 1824, numerous skulls and bones
+were discovered in a line from the intersection of the road that leads
+from Rugby to Lutterworth, with the Watling Street to Benones or
+Bensford Bridge, the distance not being more than half a mile. These
+bones were lying about two feet below the surface of the ground. Many
+fragments of shields, spear heads, knives, and a sword,[3] placed by
+the side of a skeleton, and at one end touching a funereal urn,[4] and
+likewise several drinking cups, or small vessels, apparently formed of
+half-baked clay, with clasps both of silver and brass, were found
+within the abovementioned distance. On the contrary side of the road
+were discovered beads, glass, and amber, but neither urns,
+spear-heads, or fragments of shields; these relics, therefore,
+probably belonged to the Britons, who fell encountering the Romans, to
+prevent their forming a road through the Forest of Arden. There can be
+little doubt of a battle having been here fought, from the bones,
+urns, and tumuli discovered here and in the adjacent neighbourhood.
+"In this parish (Church Over,") says Dugdale, "upon the old Roman Way,
+called Watling Strete, is to be seen a very great tumulus, which is of
+that magnitude, that it puts travellers beside the usual road," and a
+_Letter_ from Elias Ashmole to Sir Wm. Dugdale,[5] states, "that about
+a mile from hence (that is from Holywell Abbey, now the site of Caves
+Inn,) there is a tumulus raised in the very middle of the high way,
+which methought was worth observing." This tumulus, in an ancient
+deed, is called the Pilgrim's Low. It was removed in making the
+turnpike-road from Banbury to Lutterworth, about the year 1770. In the
+plantations of Abraham Grimes, Esq., within half a mile of the site of
+the former, is another tumulus of smaller dimensions, adjoining the
+road which leads from Rugby to Lutterworth.
+
+These were probably raised in honour of some military chiefs who were
+slain in the battle.
+
+  Si quid novisti rectius istis
+  Candidus imperti: si non, his utere mecum.
+
+    [1] Probably a corruption of Benones Bridge, as it is within four
+        miles of the Roman station, Benones, now High Cross.
+
+    [2] Vitellius had great weight and influence in the reign of
+        Claudius; Vespasian at that time paid his court to the
+        favourite, and also to Narcissus, the emperor's freedman.
+
+    [3] Now in the possession of the Rev. P. Homer, of Rugby.
+
+    [4] In the possession of Mr. Matthew Bloxam, of the same place.
+
+    [5] Edited by that distinguished and learned antiquary, Wm. Hamper,
+        of Birmingham, Esq., in his _Life of Dugdale_.
+
+R.R.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE PENDRILLS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+I beg to correct the statement of _W.W._ in vol. xiii. page 419,
+respecting this family. It is true that the pension did not expire at
+Richard Pendrill's death--and it is also true that Dr. Pendrill died
+about the time as therein stated--but his son, John Pendrill, died at
+his own residence, near the Seahouses, Eastbourne, last year only,
+(1828,) leaving issue, one son by his first wife, (named John,) and
+one son and three daughters by his second wife; his first son, John,
+now enjoys the pension of 100 marks, and is residing at the Gloucester
+Hotel, Old Steine, Brighton, in sound health. The privilege granted to
+this family under the title of "Free Warren," is the liberty of
+shooting, hunting, fishing, &c. upon any of the King's manors, and
+upon the manor on which the party enjoying this pension might reside;
+and I am informed that a certain noble lord made some yearly payment
+or gift to the deceased, John, not to exercise that privilege on his
+manor in Sussex. The pension is payable out of, or secured upon, lands
+in four different counties, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire,
+Herefordshire, and Warwickshire, and entitles the party enjoying it to
+a vote in each of these counties; but whether this has been acted
+upon, I cannot possibly say. I have seen in the possession of a branch
+of this loyal family, only a few days ago, a scarce print of the arms,
+&c. published in 1756, under the regulation of the act of parliament;
+besides other prints on the subject. This family, _being commoners_,
+is I believe, the only one which have supporters.[6]
+
+    [6] Another correspondent, _Amicus_, states that the grant of the
+        Pension was in the possession of the Rector of Cheriton, in
+        Hampshire, and was "lost by him to Government, a short time
+        before his death, in the year 1825."
+
+C.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FRIENDS OF THE DEAD.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  They've seen him laid, all cold and low;
+    They've flung the flat stone o'er his breast:
+  And Summer's sun, and Winter's snow
+    May never mar his dreamless rest!
+  They've left him to his long decay;
+    The banner waves above his head:
+  Funereal is their rich array,
+    But hark! how speak they of the dead.
+
+  In his own hall, they've pledg'd to him
+    'Mid mirth, and minstrelsy divine;
+  When, at the crystal goblet's brim
+    Hath flash'd, the od'rous rosy wine;
+  When viands from all lands afar
+    Have grac'd the shining, sumptuous board,
+  And _now_, they'd prove their vaunted star,
+    The Cobbold, of his priceless hoard.[7]
+
+  Hark! how they scandalize the _dead_!
+    They spake not thus,--(their patron _here_)
+  When they were proud to break his bread,
+    To watch his faintest smile, and fear
+  His latent frown; they did not speak
+    Of vices, follies, meanness: _then_
+  A _crime_ in him, had been, "the freak
+    Of youth," and "worthiest _he_, of men!"
+
+  Off with those garbs of woe, _false_ friends!
+    Those sadden'd visages, all feign'd!
+  Or have ye yet, some golden ends
+    To be, by Death's own liv'ries gain'd?
+  _Ye_ mourn the dead forsooth! who say
+    That which should shame the lordly hall
+  His late ancestral home! Away!
+    And dream that he hath _heard_ it all!
+
+    [7] _Cobbold_, in mining countries, especially Cornwall, is the
+        legendary guardian spirit of the mine, and severe master of
+        its treasures. In Germany, Sweden, &c. the Cobbold may be
+        traced under various modifications and titles.
+
+M.L.B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+The Cosmopolite.
+
+
+
+FOOD OF VARIOUS NATIONS.
+
+(_Conclusion_.)
+
+
+The diet of the _Frenchman_, is chiefly vegetable, and his _frogs_ are
+rarities reserved for the delectation of the opulent, and answering,
+in some degree, to the brains and tongues of singing-birds amongst
+ancient epicures; since, after being subjected to a peculiar process
+of fattening and purifying, only the legs of these animals are eaten.
+Light wines, beer, sugar and water, strong coffee, and a variety of
+delicious liqueurs, are drunk by the French, but they have shown
+themselves capable of conforming to the English taste in a relish for
+stronger potations. _Spaniards_ of all ranks, use fruit, vegetables,
+fish, and olives, for their principal diet, and oil and garlic are
+used plentifully in their culinary operations; chocolate is their
+chief beverage, but at dinner ladies drink nothing but water, and
+gentlemen a little wine. The fare of the _Portuguese_ peasantry is
+meagre in the extreme, although, they are, in fact, surrounded with
+the abundant luxuries of nature; a piece of black bread and a pickled
+pilchard, or head of garlic, is their usual subsistence, but a salted
+cod is a feast. In _Italy_, ice-water and lemonade are luxuries
+essential to the existence of all classes, and the inferior ones, who
+never inebriate themselves with spirituous liquors, can procure them
+at a cheap rate; macaroni and fruit are chief articles of food, but
+the Italians are great gourmands, and delight in dishes swimming in
+oil, which, to an English ear, sounds very disgustingly; however, it
+must be remembered, that oil in Italy is so pure and fresh, that it
+answers every purpose of our newest butter. A gentleman who had
+resided some time in this country, informs us, that by the Italians,
+_puppy-broth_ was reckoned a sovereign remedy in some slight
+indispositions, and that he has constantly seen in the markets young
+dogs skinned for sale. Of the _Turks_, the ordinary food is rice,
+sometimes boiled with gravy, and sometimes made into _pilan_; a kind
+of curry composed of mutton and fowl stewed to rags, and highly
+seasoned gravy. This is eaten with their fingers, since they have
+neither knives nor forks, and the Koran prohibits the use of gold and
+silver spoons. Coffee and sherbet are their ordinary beverages, and by
+the higher classes of "the faithful," wine is drunk in private, but an
+intoxication of a singular and destructive description, is produced by
+opium, which the Turks chew in immoderate quantities. The food of the
+_Circassians_ consists of a little meat, millet-paste, and a kind of
+beer fermented from millet. The _Tartars_ are not fond of beef and
+veal, but admire horse-flesh; they prefer to drink, before any thing
+else, mare's milk, and produce from it, by keeping it in sour skins, a
+strong spirit termed _koumiss_. The _Jakutians_ (a Tartar tribe)
+esteem horse-flesh as the greatest possible dainty; they eat raw the
+fat of horses and oxen, and drink melted butter with avidity; but
+bread is rare. The favourite food of the _Kalmuc Tartars_ is
+horse-flesh, eaten raw sometimes, but commonly dried in the sun; dogs,
+cats, rats, marmots, and other small animals and vermin are also eaten
+by them; but neither vegetables, bread nor fruits; and they drink
+koumiss; than which, scarcely any thing can be more disgusting,
+except, perhaps, that beverage of the South Sea islanders, prepared by
+means of leaves being masticated by a large company, and spit into a
+bowl of water. The diet of the _Kamtschatdales_, is chiefly fish,
+variously prepared; _huigal_, which is neither more nor less than fish
+laid in a pit until _putrid_, is a _luxury_ with this people! They are
+fond of caviar, made of roes of fish, and scarcely less disgusting
+than huigal. A pound of dry caviar will last a Kamtschatdale on a
+journey for a considerable time, since he finds bread to eat with it
+in the bark of every birch and elder he meets with. These people boil
+the fat of the whale and walrus with roots of _setage_. A principal
+dish at their feasts, consists of various roots and berries pounded
+with caviar, and mixed with the melted fat of whale and seal. They are
+fond of spirits, but commonly drink water. For the _Arabs_, lizards
+and locusts, afford food, but with better articles. The _Persians_
+live like the Turks, or nearly so, but for the want of spoons, knives,
+and forks, their feasts, if the provisions are good in themselves, are
+disgusting; besides which, the _sofera_, or cloth on which the dinner
+is spread, is, from a superstitious notion that changing is unlucky,
+so intolerably dirty and offensive in odour, that the stranger can
+scarcely endure to sit beside it. With the _Chinese_, rice is the
+"staff of life," but all kinds of animal food are eagerly devoured;
+and pedlars offering for sale rats, cats, and dogs, may be seen in the
+streets of Chinese towns. It is uncertain whether a depraved taste or
+lack of superior animal food, induces a really civilized people to
+devour such flesh. Weak tea, without sugar, or milk, is the common
+beverage of the Chinese; in the use of ardent spirits they are
+moderate. The _Peguese_, worshipping crocodiles, will drink no water
+but from the ditches wherein those creatures abound, and consequently
+are frequently devoured by them. The _Siamese_, besides a variety of
+superior food, eat rats, lizards, and some kinds of insects. The
+_Battas_ of Sumatra, prefer _human flesh_ to all other, and speak with
+rapture of the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Warm water is
+the usual beverage of the _Manilla_ islanders. The _Japanese_, amongst
+other things, drink a kind of beer distilled from rice, and called
+_sacki_; it is kept constantly warm, and drunk after every morsel they
+eat. Cocoa-nut milk and water, is the common beverage of the natives
+of the _New Hebrides_. In _New Caledonia_ so great is the scarcity of
+food, that the natives make constant war for the sake of eating their
+prisoners, and sometimes, to assuage the cravings of hunger, they bind
+ligatures tightly round their bodies and swallow oleaginous earth. The
+_New Zealanders_ are cannibals sometimes in a dearth, and to gratify a
+spirit of vengeance against their enemies. The _New Hollanders_, near
+the sea, subsist on fish eaten raw, or nearly so; should a whale be
+cast ashore, it is never abandoned until its bones are picked; their
+substitute for bread, and that which forms their chief subsistence, is
+a species of fern roasted, pounded between stones, and mixed with
+fish. The general beverage of the negro tribes is palm-wine. No
+disgust is evinced by the _Bosjesman Hottentots_ at the most nauseous
+food, and having shot an animal with a poisoned arrow, their only
+precaution, previous to tearing it in pieces and devouring it raw, is
+to cut out the envenomed part. Half a dozen Bosjesmans, will eat a fat
+sheep in an hour; they use no salt, and seldom drink anything,
+probably from the succulent nature of their food. The _Caffres_ live
+chiefly on milk; they have no poultry, nor do they eat eggs. When
+flesh is boiled, each member of a family helps himself from the kettle
+with a pointed stick, and eats it in his hand. Their substitute for
+bread, which is made of Caffre-corn, a sort of millet, is the pith of
+a palm, indigenous to the country.
+
+The _Lattakoos_ eat, with equal zest, the flesh of elephants,
+rhinoceroses, tigers, giraffes, quaggas, &c.; and sometimes, under an
+idea that it confers valour, human flesh, of which they have otherwise
+great abhorrence. They are very disgusting in their manner of
+preparing food. The _Abyssinians_ usually eat the flesh of cattle raw,
+and sometimes, although we believe the fact has been much
+controverted, immediately as it is cut from the living animals. The
+_Bisharye_, a tribe of Bedouin Arabs, eat raw flesh, drink raw sheep's
+blood, and esteem the raw marrow of camels their greatest dainty.
+
+The _Patagonians_ eat raw flesh with no regard to cleanliness. The
+_Greenlanders_ subsist on fish, seals, and sea-fowls, prepared and
+devoured in manners truly disgusting; train-oil is their sauce, and
+the blood of seals, their favourite beverage! Some of the _North
+American Indians_ diet on the flesh of the sea-dog, parts of the whale
+and its fat, and an oil made of the blubber of both of these animals.
+Whilst, singular is the contrast, some of the _South American_ tribes,
+are able to digest monkeys, blackened in, and dried by fire, to such a
+degree of wood-like hardness, as to be rendered capable of keeping, we
+dare not say how long.
+
+_Chacun a son gout_, says one proverb, but we trust that the readers
+of this paper will, whenever they feel themselves inclined to quarrel
+with _English_ fare, pause, and remember, another, viz.:--"A man may
+go further and fare worse."
+
+M.L.B
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+Manners & Customs of all Nations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SINGULAR TENURE.
+
+
+Among the records in the Tower of London, is one to the following
+effect:--King John gave several lands at Kipperton and Alterton, in
+Kent, to Solomon Atlefield to be held by this service:--"That as often
+as the King should please to cross the sea, the said Solomon or his
+heirs, should be obliged to go with him, to hold his majesty's head if
+there be occasion for it;" that is, should his majesty be sea-sick.
+And it appears by the record, that this same office of head-holding
+was accordingly performed afterwards, in the reign of Edward the
+First.
+
+R.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+The custom of the manor of Woodford, Essex, is _Borough-English_, by
+which the youngest son inherits.
+
+The origin of this custom has been a subject of much dispute; but it
+appears to have prevailed greatly among the East Saxons. Dr. Plot
+conjectured, that it was introduced by the lord of the manor's
+claiming the right of enjoying the bride, daughter of his tenant, on
+the wedding-night; therefore the villain or slave, doubting whether
+the eldest son was his own, made the youngest his heir. This custom
+prevailed among the Ancient Britons before there were either Saxons or
+villains.
+
+By the laws of succession among the Ancient Britons, a man's land at
+his death did not descend to his eldest son, but was equally divided
+among all his sons; and when any dispute arose, it was determined by
+the Druids. The youngest son, it appears, was more favoured than the
+eldest or any of his brothers. "When the brothers have divided their
+father's estate, the youngest shall have the best house, with all the
+office-houses, the implements of husbandry, his father's kettle, his
+axe for cutting wood, and his knife. These three last things the
+father cannot give away by gift, nor leave by his last will to any but
+his youngest son, and if they are pledged they shall be redeemed."
+
+To account for this law is not very difficult. The elder brothers of a
+family were supposed to have left their father's house before his
+death, and obtained a house and necessaries of their own; but the
+youngest, by reason of his tender age, was considered as more
+helpless, and not so well provided. Halbert H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STORM RAISING
+
+
+The dread of storm raisers is universally prevalent amongst the
+Italian peasantry, and especially in mountainous districts. A Danish
+botanist, journeying alone upon an ass through the mountains of
+Abruzzi, was involved in several perilous adventures by this
+superstitious terror of the peasantry. They had for some time seen him
+collecting plants amongst the unfrequented cliffs and ravines, and
+watched his proceedings with suspicious curiosity. A few days later
+their district was ravaged by a succession of storms, their suspicions
+grew into certainty, and, assembling in considerable numbers, they
+attacked the unconscious botanist with a volley of stones, and cursed
+him as a storm-raising enchanter. He made vehement protestations of
+his innocence, but the enraged peasants took forcible possession of
+his collection, which they minutely examined. Finding only some
+harmless leaves and blossoms, and no roots, their fury abated, and,
+although it was suggested by some that he had probably used the roots
+in his incantations, the unfortunate herbalist was at length dismissed
+with fierce menaces, that if he dared to take a single root from the
+ground, it would cost him his life. In the mountains near Rome, the
+peasants regard with suspicion a singular costume, a stern cast of
+countenance, or any striking personal formation, in the strangers who
+arrive there. All travellers, thus peculiarly marked, are supposed to
+be enchanters and treasure-seekers, and the young Germans, in their
+black dresses, untrimmed beards, and long hair, are especial objects
+of suspicion.--_Blackwood's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEAPOLITAN SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+The Neapolitan sailors never go to sea without a box of small images
+or puppets, some of which are patron saints, inherited from their
+progenitors, while others are more modern, but of tried efficacy in
+the hour of peril. When a storm overtakes the vessel, the sailors
+leave her to her fate, and bring upon deck the box of saints, one of
+which is held up, and loudly prayed to for assistance. The storm,
+however, increases, and the obstinate or powerless saint is vehemently
+abused, and thrown upon the deck. Others are held up, prayed to,
+abused, and thrown down in succession, until the heavens become more
+propitious. The storm abates, all danger disappears, the saint last
+prayed to acquires the reputation of miraculous efficacy, and, after
+their return to Naples, is honoured with prayers.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Naturalist.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LENGTH AND FINENESS OF THE SILKWORM'S WEB, &c.
+
+
+Baker in _The Microscope made Easy_, says, "A silkworm's web being
+examined, appeared perfectly smooth and shining, every where equal,
+and much finer than any thread the best spinster in the world can
+make, as the smallest twine is finer than the thickest cable. A pod of
+this silk being wound off, was found to contain 930 yards; but it is
+proper to take notice, that as two threads are glewed together by the
+worm through its whole length, it makes double the above number, or
+1,860 yards; which being weighed with the utmost exactness, were found
+no heavier than two grains and a half. What an exquisite fineness is
+here! and yet, this is nothing when compared with the web of a small
+spider, or even with the silk that issued from the mouth of this very
+worm, when but newly hatched from the egg."
+
+Under the article _Silk_, in _Rees's Cyclopaedia_, the writer says,
+"that those who have examined it attentively, think they speak within
+compass, when they affirm that each ball contains silk enough to reach
+the length of _six_ English miles."
+
+Baker tells us, "not to neglect the _skins_ these animals cast off
+three times before they begin to spin; for the eyes, mouth, teeth,
+ornaments of the head, and many other parts may be discovered better
+in the _cast_-off skins than in the real animal."
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CUCKOO
+
+
+Mr. Jerdan, editor of the _Literary Gazette_, in a letter to Mr.
+Loudon, says, "about fifteen years ago I obtained a cuckoo from the
+nest of (I think) a hedge sparrow, at Old Brompton, where I then
+resided. It was rather curious, as being within ten yards of my house,
+Cromwell Cottage, and in a narrow and much frequented lane, leading
+from near Gloucester Lodge to Kensington. This bird I reared and kept
+alive till late in January; when it fell suddenly from its perch,
+while feeding on a rather large dew worm. It was buried: but I had,
+long afterwards, strange misgivings, that my poor feathered favourite
+was only choked by his food, or in a fit of some kind--his apparent
+death was so extremely unexpected from his health and liveliness at
+the time. I assure you that I regretted my loss much, my bird being in
+full plumage and a very handsome creature. He was quite tame, for in
+autumn I used to set him on a branch of a tree in the garden, while I
+dug worms for him to dine upon, and he never attempted more than a
+short friendly flight. During the coldest weather, and it was rather a
+sharp winter, my only precaution was, nearly to cover his cage with
+flannel; and when I used to take it off, more or less, on coming into
+my breakfast room in the morning, I was recognised by him with
+certainly not all the cry "unpleasant to a married ear," but with its
+full half "_Cuck_! _Cuck_!"--the only sounds or notes I ever heard
+from my bird. Though trifling, these facts may be so far curious as
+illustrating the natural history of a remarkable genus, and I have
+great pleasure in offering them for your excellent Journal." _Mag.
+Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICAL SNAILS.
+
+
+As I was sitting in my room, on the first floor, about nine P.M. (4th
+of October last), I was surprised with what I supposed to be the notes
+of a bird, under or upon the sill of a window. My impression was, that
+they somewhat resembled the notes of a wild duck in its nocturnal
+flight, and, at times, the twitter of a redbreast, in quick
+succession. To be satisfied on the subject, I carefully removed the
+shutter, and, to my surprise, found it was a garden snail, which, in
+drawing itself along the glass, had produced sounds similar to those
+elicited from the musical glasses.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BEWICK.
+
+
+In the museum at Newcastle are many of the identical specimens from
+which the illustrious townsman Bewick drew his figures for the
+wood-cuts which embellish his unique and celebrated work. This truly
+amiable man, and, beyond all comparison, greatest genius Newcastle has
+ever produced, died on the 8th of November last, in the 76th year of
+his age. He continued to the last in the enjoyment of all his
+faculties; his single-heartedness and enthusiasm not a jot abated, and
+his wonder-working pencil still engaged in tracing, with his wonted
+felicity and fidelity, those objects which had all his life afforded
+him such delight, and which have charmed, and must continue to charm,
+all those who have any relish for the pure and simple beauties of
+nature.--_Ibid_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+[Illustration: The Argonaut, or Paper Nautilus.]
+
+
+  Learn of the little Nautilus to sail,
+  Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
+
+This species of shell-fish, (see the cut,) is named from _Argonautes_,
+the companions of Jason, in the celebrated ship, Argo, and from the
+Latin _naus_, a ship; the shells of all the Nautili having the
+appearance of a ship with a very high poop. The shell of this
+interesting creature is no thicker than paper, and divided into forty
+compartments or chambers, through every one of which a portion of its
+body passes, connected as it were, by a thread. In the cut it is
+represented as sailing, when it expands two of its arms on high, and
+between these supports a membrane which serves as a sail, hanging the
+two other arms out of its shell, to serve as oars, the office of
+steerage being generally served by the tail.
+
+The shell of the Nautilus being exceedingly thin and fragile, the
+tenant has many enemies, and among others the Trochus who makes war on
+it with unrelenting fury. Pursued by this cruel foe, it ascends to the
+top of the water, spreads its little sail to catch the flying breeze,
+and rowing with all its might, scuds along, like a galley in
+miniature, and often escapes its more cumbrous pursuer. Sometimes,
+however, all will not do, the Trochus nears and nears, and escape
+appears impossible; but when the little animal, with inexplicable
+ingenuity, suddenly and secretly extricates itself from its tortuous
+and fragile dwelling, the Trochus immediately turns to other prey. The
+Nautilus then returns to tenant and repair its little bark; but it too
+often happens, that before he can regain it, it is by a species of
+shipwreck, dashed to pieces on the shore. Thus wretchedly situated,
+this hero of the testaceous tribe seeks some obscure corner "where to
+die," but which seldom, if ever, happens, until after he has made
+extraordinary exertions to establish himself anew. What a fine picture
+of virtue nobly struggling with misfortune.[8]
+
+When the sea is calm, whole fleets of these Nautili may be seen
+diverting themselves; but when a storm rises, or they are disturbed,
+they draw in their legs, take in as much water as makes them
+specifically heavier, than that in which they float, and then sink to
+the bottom. When they rise again they void this water by numerous
+holes, of which their legs are full. The other species of Nautilus,
+whose shell is thick, never quits that habitation. The shells of both
+varieties are exceedingly beautiful when polished, and produce high
+prices among Conchologists.
+
+It is easy to conceive that the ingenious habits of this wonderful
+creature may have suggested to man the power of sailing upon the sea,
+and of the various apparatus by which he effects that object. The
+whole creation abounds with similar instances of Nature ministering to
+the proud purposes of art: one of them, the origin of the Gothic Arch
+from the "high o'erarching groves," is mentioned by Warburton, in his
+_Divine Legation_, and is a sublime lesson for besotted man.
+
+    [8] Magazine of Natural History, No.1.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR;
+AND
+LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VIDOCQ.
+
+
+[We have abridged one of the most striking chapters in the very
+extraordinary history of Vidocq; premising that the interest of the
+adventure will compensate for the space it here occupies.]
+
+A short time before the first invasion (1814), M. Senard, one of the
+richest jewellers of the Palais Royal, having gone to pay a visit to
+his friend the Cure of Livry, found him in one of those perplexities
+which are generally caused by the approach of our good friends the
+enemy. He was anxious to secrete from the rapacity of the cossacks
+first the consecrated vessels, and then his own little treasures.
+After much hesitation, although in his situation he must have been
+used to interments, Monsieur le Cure decided on burying the objects
+which he was anxious to save, and M. Senard, who, like the other
+gossips and misers, imagined that Paris would be given over to
+pillage, determined to cover up, in a similar way, the most precious
+articles in his shop. It was agreed that the riches of the pastor and
+those of the jeweller should be deposited in the same hole. But, then,
+who was to dig the said hole? One of the singers in church was the
+very pearl of honest fellows, father Moiselet, and in him every
+confidence could be reposed. He would not touch a penny that did not
+belong to him. The hole, made with much skill, was soon ready to
+receive the treasure which it was intended to preserve, and six feet
+of earth were cast on the specie of the Cure, to which were united
+diamonds worth 100,000 crowns, belonging to M. Senard, and enclosed in
+a small box. The hollow filled up, the ground was so well flattened,
+that one would have betted with the devil that it had not been stirred
+since the creation. "This good Moiselet," said M. Senard, rubbing his
+hands, "has done it all admirably. Now, gentlemen cossacks, you must
+have fine noses if you find it out!" At the end of a few days the
+allied armies made further progress, and clouds of Kirguiz, Kalmucs,
+and Tartars, of all hordes and all colours, appeared in the environs
+of Paris. These unpleasant guests are, it is well known, very greedy
+for plunder: they made, every where, great ravages; they passed no
+habitation without exacting tribute: but in their ardour for pillage
+they did not confine themselves to the surface, all belonged to them
+to the centre of the globe; and that they might not be frustrated in
+their pretensions, these intrepid geologists made a thousand
+excavations, which, to the regret of the naturalists of the country,
+proved to them, that in France the mines of gold or silver are not so
+deep as in Peru. Such a discovery was well calculated to give them
+additional energy; they dug with unparalleled activity, and the spoil
+they found in many places of concealment threw the Croesuses of many
+cantons into perfect despair. The cursed Cossacks! But yet the
+instinct which so surely led them to the spot where treasure was
+hidden, did not guide them to the hiding place of the Cure. It was
+like the blessing of heaven, each morning the sun rose and nothing
+new; nothing new when it set.
+
+Most decidedly the finger of heaven must be recognised in the
+impenetrability of the mysterious inhumation performed by Moiselet. M.
+Senard was so fully convinced of it, that he actually mingled
+thanksgivings with the prayers which he made for the preservation and
+repose of his diamonds. Persuaded that his vows would be heard, in
+growing security he began to sleep more soundly, when one fine day,
+which was, of all days in the week, a Friday, Moiselet, more dead than
+alive, ran to the Cure's.
+
+"Ah, sir, I can scarcely speak."
+
+"What's the matter, Moiselet?"
+
+"I dare not tell you. Poor M. le Cure, this affects me deeply, I am
+paralyzed. If my veins were open not a drop of blood would flow."
+
+"What is the matter? You alarm me."
+
+"The hole."
+
+"Mercy! I want to learn no more. Oh, what a terrible scourge is war!
+Jeanneton, Jeanneton, come quickly, my shoes and hat."
+
+"But, sir, you have not breakfasted."
+
+"Oh, never mind breakfast."
+
+"You know, sir, when you go out fasting you have such spasms----."
+
+"My shoes, I tell you."
+
+"And then you complain of your stomach."
+
+"I shall have no want of a stomach again all my life. Never any
+more--no, never--ruined."
+
+"Ruined--Jesu--Maria! Is it possible? Ah! sir, run then,--run--."
+
+Whilst the Cure dressed himself in haste, and, impatient to buckle the
+strap, could scarcely put on his shoes, Moiselet, in a most lamentable
+tone, told him what he had seen.
+
+"Are you sure of it?" said the Cure, perhaps they did not take all."
+
+"Ah, sir, God grant it, but I had not courage enough to look."
+
+They went together towards the old barn, when they found that the
+spoliation had been complete. Reflecting on the extent of his loss,
+the Cure nearly fell to the ground. Moiselet was in a most pitiable
+state; the dear man afflicted himself more than if the loss had been
+his own. It was terrific to hear his sighs and groans. This was the
+result of love to one's neighbour. M. Senard little thought how great
+was the desolation at Livry. What was his despair on receiving the
+news of the event! In Paris the police is the providence of people who
+have lost any thing. The first idea, and the most natural one, that
+occurred to M. Senard was, that the robbery had been committed by the
+Cossacks, and, in such a case, the police could not avail him
+materially; but M. Senard took care not to suspect the Cossacks.
+
+One Monday when I was in the office of M. Henry, I saw one of those
+little abrupt, brisk men enter, who, at the first glance, we are
+convinced are interested and distrustful: it was M. Senard, who
+briefly related his mishap, and concluded by saying, that he had
+strong suspicions of Moiselet. M. Henry thought also that he was the
+author of the robbery, and I agreed with both. "It is very well," he
+said, "but still our opinion is only founded on conjecture, and if
+Moiselet keeps his own counsel we shall have no chance of convicting
+him. It will be impossible."
+
+"Impossible!" cried M. Senard, "what will become of me? No, no, I
+shall not vainly implore your succour. Do not you know all? can you
+not do all when you choose? My diamonds! my poor diamonds! I will give
+one hundred thousand francs to get them back again."
+
+[Vidocq promises to recover the jewels, and the jeweller offers him
+10,000 francs.]
+
+In spite of successive abatements of M. Senard, in proportion as he
+believed the discovery probable, I promised to exert every effort in
+my power to effect the desired result. But before any thing could be
+undertaken, it was necessary that a formal complaint should be made;
+and M. Senard and the Cure, thereupon, went to Pontoise, and the
+declaration being consequently made, and the robbery stated, Moiselet
+was taken up and interrogated. They tried every means to make him
+confess his guilt; but he persisted in avowing himself innocent, and,
+for lack of proof to the contrary, the charge was about to be dropped
+altogether, when to preserve it for a time, I set an agent of mine to
+work. He, clothed in a military uniform, with his left arm in a sling,
+went with a billet to the house where Moiselet's wife lived. He was
+supposed to have just left the hospital, and was only to stay at Livry
+for forty-eight hours; but a few moments after his arrival, he had a
+fall, and a pretended sprain suddenly occurred, which put it out of
+his power to continue his route. It was then indispensable for him to
+delay, and the mayor decided that he should remain with the cooper's
+wife until further orders.
+
+The cooper's wife was charmed with his many little attentions. The
+soldier could write, and became her secretary; but the letters which
+she addressed to her dear husband were of a nature not to compromise
+her--not the least expression that can have a twofold construction--it
+was innocence corresponding with innocence. At length, after a few
+day's experience, I was convinced that my agent, in spite of his
+talent, would draw no profit from his mission. I then resolved to
+manoeuvre in person, and, disguised as a travelling hawker, I began to
+visit the environs of Livry. I was one of those Jews who deal in every
+thing,--clothes, jewels, &c. &c.; and I took in exchange gold, silver,
+jewels, in fact, all that was offered me. An old female robber, who
+knew the neighbourhood perfectly, accompanied me in my tour: she was
+the widow of a celebrated thief, Germain Boudier, called Father
+Latuil, who, after having undergone half-a-dozen sentences, died at
+last at Saint Pelagie. I flattered myself that Madame Moiselet,
+seduced by her eloquence, and by our merchandize, would bring out the
+store of the Cure's crowns, some brilliant of the purest water, nay,
+even the chalice or paten, in case the bargain should be to her
+liking. My calculation was not verified; the cooper's wife was in no
+haste to make a bargain, and her coquetry did not get the better of
+her.
+
+The Jew hawker was soon metamorphosed into a German servant; and under
+this disguise I began to ramble about the vicinity of Pontoise, with a
+design of being apprehended. I sought out the gendarmes, whilst I
+pretended to avoid them; but they, thinking I wished to get away from
+them, demanded a sight of my papers. Of course I had none, and they
+desired me to accompany them to a magistrate, who, knowing nothing of
+the jargon in which I replied to his questions, desired to know what
+money I had; and a search was forthwith commenced in his presence. My
+pockets contained some money and valuables, the possession of which
+seemed to astonish him. The magistrate, as curious as a commissary,
+wished to know how they came into my hands; and I sent him to the
+devil with two or three Teutonic oaths, of the most polished kind; and
+he, to teach me better manners another time, sent me to prison.
+
+Once more the iron bolts were drawn upon me. At the moment of my
+arrival, the prisoners were playing in the prison yard, and the jailer
+introduced me amongst them in these terms, "I bring you a murderer of
+the parts of speech; understand him if you can."
+
+They immediately flocked about me, and I was accosted with salutations
+of _Landsman_ and _Meinheer_ without end. During this reception, I
+looked out for the cooper of Livry.
+
+[He meets with him.]
+
+"Mossie, Mossie," I said, addressing the prisoner, who seemed to think
+I said Moiselet, "Mossie Fine Hapit, (not knowing his name, I so
+designated him, because his coat was the colour of flesh,) sacrement,
+ter teufle, no tongue to me; yer Francois, I miseraple, I trink vine;
+faut trink for gelt, plack vine."
+
+I pointed to his hat, which was black; he did not understand me; but
+on making a gesture that I wanted to drink, he found me perfectly
+intelligible. All the buttons of my great coat were twenty-franc
+pieces; I gave him one: he asked if they had brought the wine, and
+soon afterwards I heard a turnkey say,
+
+"Father Moiselet, I have taken up two bottles for you." The
+flesh-coloured coat was then Moiselet. I followed him into his room,
+and we began to drink with all our might. Two other bottles arrived;
+we only went on in couples. Moiselet, in his capacity of chorister,
+cooper, sexton, &c. &c. was no less a sot than gossip; he got tipsy
+with great good-will, and incessantly spoke to me in the jargon I had
+assumed.
+
+Matters progressed well; after two or three hours such as these I
+pretended to get stupid. Moiselet, to set me to rights, gave me a cup
+of coffee without sugar; after coffee came glasses of water. No one
+can conceive the care which my new friend took of me; but when
+drunkenness is of such a nature it is like death--all care is useless.
+Drunkenness overpowered me. I went to bed and slept; at least Moiselet
+thought so; but I saw him many times fill my glass and his own, and
+gulp them both down. The next day, when I awoke, he paid me the
+balance, three francs and fifty centimes, which, according to him,
+remained from the twenty-franc piece. I was an excellent companion;
+Moiselet found me so, and never quitted me. I finished the
+twenty-franc piece with him, and then produced one of forty francs,
+which vanished as quickly. When he saw it drunk out also he feared it
+was the last.
+
+"Your button again," said he to me, in a tone of extreme anxiety, and
+yet very comical.
+
+I showed him another coin. "Ah, your large button again," he shouted
+out, jumping for joy.
+
+This button went the same way as all the other buttons, until at
+length, by dint of drinking together, Moiselet understood and spoke my
+language almost as well as I did myself, and we could then disclose
+our troubles to each other. Moiselet was very curious to know my
+history, and that which I trumped up was exactly adapted to inspire
+the confidence I wished to create.
+
+"My master and I come to France--I was tomestic--master of mein
+Austrian marechal--Austrian with de gelt in family. Master always
+roving, always gay, joint regiment at Montreau. Montreau, oh, mein
+Gott, great, great pattle--many sleep no more but in death. Napoleon
+coom--poum, poum go gannon. Prusse, Austrian, Rousse all disturb. I,
+too, much disturb. Go on my ways with master mein, with my havresac on
+mein horse--poor teufel was I--but there was gelt in it. Master mein
+say, 'Galop, Fritz.' I called Fritz in home mein. Fritz galop to
+Pondi--there halt Fritz--place havresac not visible; and if I get
+again to Yarmany with havresac, me rich becomen, mistress mein rich,
+father mein rich, you too rich."
+
+Although the narrative was not the cleverest in the world, father
+Moiselet swallowed it all as gospel; he saw well that during the
+battle of Montereau, I had fled with my master's portmanteau, and
+hidden it in the forest of Bondy. The confidence did not astonish him,
+and had the effect of acquiring for me an increase of his affection.
+This augmentation of friendship, after a confession which exposed me
+as a thief, proved to me that he had an accommodating conscience. I
+thenceforth remained convinced that he knew better than any other
+person what had become of the diamonds of M. Senard, and that it only
+depended on him to give me full and accurate information.
+
+One evening, after a good dinner, I was boasting to him of the
+delicacies of the Rhine: he heaved a deep sigh, and then asked me if
+there was good wine in that country.
+
+"Yes, yes," I answered, "goot vine and charming girl."
+
+"Charming girl too!"
+
+"Ya, ya."
+
+"Landsman, shall I go with you."
+
+"Ya, ya, me grat content."
+
+"Ah, you content, well! I quit France, yield the old woman, (he showed
+me by his fingers that Madame Moiselet was three-and-thirty,) and in
+your land I take little girl no more as fifteen years."
+
+"Ya, bien, a girl no infant: a! you is a brave lad."
+
+Moiselet returned more than once to his project of emigration; he
+thought seriously of it, but to emigrate liberty was requisite, and
+they were not inclined to let us go out. I suggested to him that he
+should escape with me on the first opportunity--and when he had
+promised me that we would not separate, not even to take a last adieu
+of his wife, I was certain that I should soon have him in my toils.
+This certainly was the result of very simple reasoning. Moiselet, said
+I to myself, will follow me to Germany: people do not travel or live
+on air: he relies on living well there: he is old, and, like king
+Solomon, proposes to tickle his fancy with some little Abishag of
+Sunem. Oh, father Moiselet has found the _black hen_; here he has no
+money, therefore his black hen is not here; but where is she? We shall
+soon learn, for we are to be henceforward inseparable.
+
+As soon as my man had made all his reflections, and that, with his
+head full of his castles in Germany, he had so soon resolved to
+expatriate himself, I addressed to the king's attorney-general a
+letter, in which, making myself known as the superior agent of the
+Police de Surete, I begged him to give an order that I should be sent
+away with Moiselet, he to go to Livry, and I to Paris.
+
+We did not wait long for the order, and the jailer announced it to us,
+on the eve of its being put into execution; and I had the night before
+me to fortify Moiselet in his resolutions. He persisted in them more
+strongly than ever, and acceded with rapture to the proposition I made
+him of effecting an escape from our escort as soon as it was feasible.
+
+So anxious was he to commence his journey, that he could not sleep. At
+daybreak, I gave him to understand that I took him for a thief as well
+as myself.
+
+"Ah, ah, grip also," said I to him, "deep, deep Francois, you not
+spoken, but tief all as von."
+
+He made me no answer; but when, with my fingers squeezed together _a
+la Normande_, he saw me make a gesture of grasping something, he could
+not prevent himself from smiling, with that bashful expression of
+_Yes_, which he had not courage to utter. The hypocrite had some shame
+about him, the shame of a devotee. I was understood.
+
+At length the wished-for moment of departure came, which was to enable
+us to accomplish our designs. Moiselet was ready three whole hours
+beforehand, and to give him courage, I had not neglected to push about
+the wine and brandy, and he did not leave the prison until after
+having received all his sacraments.
+
+We were tied with a very thin cord, and on our way he made me a signal
+that there would be no difficulty in breaking it. He did not think
+that he should break the charm which had till then preserved him. The
+further we went the more he testified that he placed his hopes of
+safety in me; at each minute he reiterated a prayer that I would not
+abandon him; and I as often replied, "Ya, Francois, ya, I not leave
+you." At length the decisive moment came, the cord was broken. I
+leaped a ditch, which separated us from a thicket. Moiselet, who
+seemed young again, jumped after me: one of the gendarmes alighted to
+follow us, but to run and jump in jack-boots and with a heavy sword
+was difficult; and whilst he made a circuit to join us, we disappeared
+in a hollow, and were soon lost to view.
+
+A path into which we struck led us to the wood of Vaujours. There
+Moiselet stopped, and having looked carefully about him, went towards
+some bushes. I saw him then stoop, plunge his arm into a thick tuft,
+whence he took out a spade: arising quickly, he went on some paces
+without saying a word; and when we reached a birch tree, several of
+the boughs of which I observed were broken, he took off his hat and
+coat, and began to dig. He went to work with so much good-will, that
+his labour rapidly advanced. Suddenly he stooped down, and then
+escaped from him that ha! which betokens satisfaction, and which
+informed me, without the use of a conjuror's rod, that he had found
+his treasure. I thought the cooper would have fainted; but recovering
+himself, he made two or three more strokes with his spade, and the box
+was exposed to view. I seized on the instrument of his toil, and
+suddenly changing my language, declared, in very good French, that he
+was my prisoner.
+
+"No resistance," I said, "or I will cleave your skull in two."
+
+At this threat he seemed in a dream; but when he knew that he was
+gripped by that iron hand which had subdued the most vigorous
+malefactors, he was convinced that it was no vision. Moiselet was as
+quiet as a lamb. I had sworn not to leave him, and kept my word.
+During the journey to the station of the brigade of gendarmerie, where
+I deposited him, he frequently cried out,
+
+"I am done--who could have thought it? and he had such a simple look
+too!"
+
+At the assizes of Versailles, Moiselet was sentenced to six months'
+solitary confinement.
+
+M. Senard was overpowered with joy at having recovered his hundred
+thousand crowns worth of diamonds. Faithful to his system of
+abatement, he reduced the reward one-half; and still there was
+difficulty in getting five thousand francs from him, out of which I
+had been compelled to expend more than two thousand: in fact, at one
+moment I really thought I should have been compelled to bear the
+expenses myself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS
+
+
+THE TOYMAN IS ABROAD.
+
+
+  "En fait d'inutilites, il ne faut que le necessaire."
+
+CHAMPFORT.
+
+
+There is no term in political philosophy more ambiguous and lax in its
+meaning than Luxury. In Ireland, salt with a potato is, by the
+peasant, placed in this category. Among the Cossacks, a clean shirt is
+more than a luxury--it is an effeminacy; and a Scotch nobleman is
+reported to have declared, that the act of scratching one's self is a
+luxury too great for any thing under royalty. The Russians (there is
+no disputing on tastes) hold train-oil to be a prime luxury; and I
+remember seeing a group of them following an exciseman on the quays at
+Dover to plunder the oil casks, as they were successively opened for
+his operations. A poor Finland woman, who for her sins had married an
+Englishman and followed him to this country, was very glad to avail
+herself of her husband's death to leave a land where the people were
+so unhappy as to be without a regular supply of seal's flesh for their
+dinner. While the good man lived, her affection for him somewhat
+balanced her hankering after this native luxury; but no sooner was the
+husband dead, than her lawyer-like propensity re-assumed its full
+force, and, like Proteus released from his chains, she abandoned
+civilized life to get back to her favourite shores, to liberty, and
+the animals of her predilection. "If I were rich," said a poor
+farmer's boy, "I would eat fat pudding, and ride all day on a gate;"
+which was evidently his highest idea of human luxury. But it is less
+with the quality of our indulgences, than their extent, that I have
+now to treat. Diogenes, who prided himself on cutting his coat
+according to his cloth, and thought himself a greater man, in
+proportion as he diminished his wants, placed his luxuries in idleness
+and sunshine, and seems to have relished these enjoyments with as much
+sensuality as Plato did his fine house and delicate fare. Even he was
+more reasonable than those sectarians, who have prevailed in almost
+all religions, and who, believing that the Deity created man for the
+express purpose of inflicting upon him every species of torture, have
+inveighed against the most innocent gratifications, and have erected
+luxury into a deadly sin. These theologians will not allow a man to
+eat his breakfast with a relish; and impute it as a vice if he smacks
+his lips, though it be but after a draught of water. Nay, there have
+been some who have thought good roots and Adam's ale too great
+luxuries for a Christian lawfully to indulge in; and they have
+purposely ill-cooked their vegetables, and mixed them with ashes, and
+even more disgusting things, to mortify the flesh, as they called
+it--i.e. to offer a sacrifice of their natural feelings to the demon
+of which they have made a god.
+
+Of late years, more especially, our ideas on this subject have much
+enlarged; and all ranks of Englishmen hold an infinity of objects as
+prime necessaries, which their more modest ancestors ranked as
+luxuries, fit only for their betters to enjoy. This should be a matter
+of sincere rejoicing to all true patriots; because it affords
+indubitable evidence of the progress of civilization. A civilized
+gentleman differs from a savage, principally in the multiplicity of
+his wants; and Mandeville, in his fable of the bees, has proved to
+demonstration that extravagance is the mother of commerce. What,
+indeed, are steam-engines, macadamized roads, man-traps that break no
+bones, patent cork-screws, and detonating fowling-pieces, safety
+coaches and cork legs, but luxuries, at which a cynic would scoff; yet
+how could a modern Englishman get on without them? It is perfectly
+true that our Henries and Edwards contrived to beat their enemies
+unassisted by these inventions. Books, likewise, which were a luxury
+scarcely known to the wisdom of our ancestors, are a luxury now so
+indispensable, that there is hardly a mechanic who has not his little
+library: while a piano forte also has become as necessary to a
+farm-house as a mangle or a frying-pan; and there are actually more
+copies printed of "Cherry ripe," than of Tull's husbandry. Is not a
+silver fork, moreover, an acknowledged necessary in every decent
+establishment? while the barbarous Mussulman dispenses with knives and
+forks altogether, and eats his meal, like a savage as he is, with his
+fingers. Nor can it be deemed an objection to this hypothesis, that
+the Turk, who rejects all the refinements of European civilization,
+excepting only gunpowder, esteems four wives to be necessary to a
+decent establishment; while the most clear-sighted Englishmen think
+one more than enough for enjoyment. The difference is more formal than
+real.
+
+Henry the fourth of France had but one coach between himself and his
+queen; whereas no respectable person can now dispense at the least
+with a travelling chariot, a barouche, a cab, and a dennet.
+Civilization, which received a temporary check during the
+revolutionary war, has resumed its march in double-quick time since
+the Continent has been opened. Champaigne and ices have now become
+absolute necessaries at tables where a bottle of humble port and a
+supernumerary pudding were esteemed luxuries, fit only for honouring
+the more solemn rites of hospitality. I say nothing of heads of hair,
+and false (I beg pardon--artificial) teeth; without which, at a
+certain age, there is no appearing. A bald head, at the present day,
+is as great an indecency as Humphrey Clinker's unmentionables; and a
+dismantled mouth is an outrage on well-bred society. Then, again, how
+necessary is a cigar and a meerschaum to a well-appointed man of
+fashion, and how can a gentleman possibly show at Melton without at
+least a dozen hunters, and two or three hacks, to ride to cover! Yet
+no one in his senses would tax these things as luxuries; or would
+blame his friend for getting into the King's Bench for their
+indulgence. Even the most austere judges of the land, and the most
+jealous juries of tradesmen, have borne ample testimony to the
+reasonableness of this modern extension of the wants of life, by the
+liberal allowance of necessaries which they have sanctioned in the
+tailors' bills of litigating minors. This liberality, indeed, follows,
+as consequence follows cause. Some one has found, or invented, a story
+of a shipwrecked traveller's hailing the gallows as the sure token of
+a civilized community. But the jest is by no means a _ben trovato_;
+the member of gibbets being inversely as the perfection of social
+institutions; and if any one object, that England, while it is the
+best-governed country in Europe--its envy and admiration--is also a
+hanging community _par excellence_, I must beg to remind him of the
+intense interest which an English public feels in the victims of
+capital punishment, in the Thurtells and the Fauntleroys; as also of
+the universal conviction prevailing in England, that the gallows is a
+short and sure cut to everlasting happiness. From all this, if there
+is any force in logic, we must conclude, that hanging, in this
+country, is only applied _honoris causa_, as an ovation, in
+consideration of the great and magnanimous daring of the Alexanders
+and Caesars on a small scale, to whom the law adjudges the "palmam qui
+meruit ferat." The real and true test of a refined polity is not the
+gallows; but is to be found rather in such well-imagined insolvent
+laws, as discharge a maximum of debt with a minimum of assets; and rid
+a gentleman annually of his duns, with the smallest possible quantity
+of corporeal inconvenience. When luxuries become necessaries,
+insolvency is the best safety-valve to discharge the surplus
+dishonesty of the people, which, if pent up, would explode in
+dangerous overt acts of crime and violence; and it should be
+encouraged accordingly.
+
+(_To be concluded in our next_.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Notes of a Reader.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS.
+
+
+The only notice which occurs of "The Last of the Plantagenets" is,
+says the author of a Romance with the above name, in Peck's
+"Desiderata Curiosa," where a letter is inserted from Dr. Brett to Dr.
+Warren, the president of Trinity Hall, in which he says that, calling
+on Lord Winchilsea in 1720, his lordship pointed out to him this entry
+in the register of Eastwell--"Anno 1550, Rycharde Plantagenet was
+buryed the 22nd daye of December;" beyond this, not a word is known of
+him excepting what tradition affords, which, with some slight
+variations, for there are two versions of his history, is as
+follows:--When Sir Thomas Moyle built Eastwell, he observed that his
+principal bricklayer, whenever he quitted his work, retired with a
+book, a circumstance which attracted his attention, and on inquiry he
+found he was reading Latin: he then told Sir Thomas his secret, which
+was, that he was boarded with a Latin schoolmaster, without knowing
+who were his relations, until he was fifteen or sixteen; that he was
+occasionally visited by a gentleman who provided for his expenses;
+that this person one day took him to a fine house where he was
+presented to a gentleman handsomely drest, wearing a "star and
+garter," who gave him money, and conducted him back to school; that
+some time afterwards the same gentleman came to him, and took him into
+Leicestershire and to Bosworth Field, when he was carried to king
+Richard's tent; that the king embraced him, told him he was his son;
+adding, "Child, to-morrow, I must fight for my crown; and assure
+yourself, if I lose that, I will lose my life too, but I hope to
+preserve both, do you stand in such a place (pointing to the spot)
+where you may see the battle, out of danger, and when I have gained
+the victory come to me. I will then own you to be mine, and take care
+of you: but if I should lose the battle, then shift as well as you
+can, and take care to let nobody know that I am your father, for no
+mercy will be shown to any one so nearly related to me;" that the king
+gave him a purse of gold and dismissed him; that he followed those
+directions, and when he saw the battle was lost and the king slain, he
+hastened to London, sold his horse and his fine clothes, and the
+better to conceal himself from all suspicion of being the son of a
+king, and that he might gain a livelihood, he put himself apprentice
+to a bricklayer, and generally spent his spare time in reading. Sir
+Thomas, finding him very old, is said to have offered him _the run of
+his kitchen_, which he declined, on the ground of his patron having a
+large family; but asked his permission to build a small house in one
+of his fields, and this being granted, he built a cottage, and
+continued in it till his death.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANTIQUITIES BURLESQUED.
+
+
+We have often been amused with the different wonders of ancient Rome,
+but seldom more than with the following piece of antiquarianism
+burlesqued:--
+
+M. Simond, in his Tour in Italy and Sicily, tells us that the Coliseum
+is too ruinous--that the Egyptian Museum in the Vatican puts him in
+mind of the five wigs in the barber Figaro's shop-window--that the
+Apollo Belvidere looks like a broken-backed young gentleman shooting
+at a target for the amusement of young ladies. Speaking of the
+Etruscan vases, he says, "As to the alleged elegance of form, I should
+be inclined to appeal from the present to succeeding generations, when
+the transformation of every pitcher, milk-pot and butter-pan, into an
+antique shape, has completely burlesqued away the classical feeling,
+and restored impartiality to taste."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+About six or seven-and-twenty years ago, an effort was made to revive
+the fashion of ladies visiting the House of Commons. The late Queen
+Caroline, then Princess of Wales, upon one or two occasions made her
+appearance, with a female attendant, in the side-gallery. The royal
+visit soon became generally known, and several other females were
+tempted to follow the example. Among these was Mrs. Sheridan, the wife
+of the late Right Honourable Richard Brinsley Sheridan; but this lady,
+considering herself an intruder, to whose presence, if known,
+exception might be taken, thought fit to disguise her person in male
+attire. Her fine dark hair was combed smooth on her forehead, and made
+to sit close, in good puritanical trim, while a long, loose, brown
+coat concealed her feminine proportions. Thus prepared, she took her
+seat in the Strangers' Gallery, anxious to witness a display of her
+husband's eloquence; but he did not speak, and the debate proved
+without any interest. The female aspirants whose taste was thus
+excited, were, however, confined to a few blue-stocking belles,
+without influence to set the fashion; and the attempt did not succeed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MOCHA.
+
+
+The buildings of Mocha are so white, that it seems as if excavated
+from a quarry of marble; and this whiteness of the town forms a
+curious contrast with the blueness of the sea. The materials, however,
+of which Mocha is constructed, are nothing better than unburnt bricks,
+plastered over, and whitewashed. The coffee bean is cultivated in the
+interior, and is thence brought to Mocha for exportation. The Arabs
+themselves use the husks, which make but an inferior infusion.
+Vegetables are grown round the town, and fruits are brought from
+Senna; while grain, horses, asses, and sheep, are imported from
+Abyssinia. There are twelve schools in the town; and, inland, near
+Senna, there are colleges, in which the twelve branches of Mohomedan
+sciences are taught, as is usual in Turkey and India. Arab women marry
+about the age of sixteen; they are allowed great liberty in visiting
+one another, and can divorce their husbands on very slight grounds.
+Every lady who pays a visit, carries a small bag of coffee with her,
+which enables "her to enjoy society without putting her friends to
+expense."--_Lushington's Journey from Calcutta to Europe._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+Every one acquainted with the public press of Europe, must have
+observed the contrast which a London Newspaper forms with the journals
+of every other capital in Europe. The foreign journals never break in
+upon the privacy of domestic life. There the fame of parties and
+dinners is confined to the rooms which constitute their scene, and the
+names of the individuals who partake of them never travel out of their
+own circle. How widely different is the practice of the London
+Journals! A lady of fashion can find no place so secret where she can
+hide herself from their search. They follow her from town to country,
+from the country to the town. They trace her from the breakfast-table
+to the Park, from the Park to the dinner-table, from thence to the
+Opera or the ball, and from her boudoir to her bed. They trace her
+every where. She may make as many doubles as a hare, but they are all
+in vain; it is impossible to escape pursuit; and yet the introduction
+of female names into the daily newspapers, now so common, is only of
+modern date.
+
+The late Sir Henry Dudley Bate, editor of _The Morning Herald_, was
+the first person who introduced females into the columns of a
+newspaper. He was at the time editor of _The Morning Post_.-- _New
+Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+The Gatherer.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REFLECTION IN A FLOWER GARDEN.
+
+
+  I hate the flower whose wanton breast[9]
+    Awaits the sun at morn and noon,
+  And when he's hid behind the west,
+    As gaily flaunteth with the moon.
+
+  Mine be the flower of virgin leaf,
+    That when its sire has left the plain,
+  Wraps up its charms in silent grief,
+    Nor ope's them till he comes again.
+
+E.K.
+
+    [9] There be some flowers that do remain quite unclosed, during
+        not only the day, but during also the night. There be others
+        which do likewise open during the day, albeit when night
+        cometh, they close themselves up until the sun do appear,
+        when they again ope their beautifulness.--_Old Botanist_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A "THIN NIGHT" AT VAUXHALL.
+
+
+There were fewer audience than performers, and those made up of
+fellows evidently not in the habit of shirt-wearing; of women there
+were very few-- of ladies none; the fireworks were bad and brief, and
+the waterworks the most absurd affair I ever beheld; the thing was
+overdone. To the people who would like to go to Vauxhall in fine
+weather, second-rate Italian singing and broken down English prima
+donnas are no inducement, a bad ballet in a booth has no attraction,
+and an attempt at variety mars the whole affair. Vauxhall is a
+delightful place to go to in fine weather with a pleasant party; give
+us space to walk, light up that space, and shelter us from the
+elements, set the military bands to play popular airs, and we ask no
+more for our four or five shillings, or whatever it is; but the moment
+tumbling is established in various parts of the garden, and the whole
+thing is made a sort of Bartholomew Fair, the object of breathing a
+little fresher air, and hearing ourselves talk is ended; crowds of
+raffs in boots and white neckcloths attended by their dowdy damsels
+and waddling wives, rush from one place to another, helter skelter,
+knocking over the few quiet people to whom the "sights" are a novelty;
+turning what in the days of the late Lady Castlereagh, the present
+Duchess of Bedford, the first Duchess of Devonshire, and the last
+Duchess of Gordon (but one) was a delightful reunion of fashion, into
+a tea-garden (without tea) or a bear-garden--not without
+bears.--_Sharpe's Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAPOLEON BONAPARTE AND LORD NOEL BYRON.
+
+
+It is a singular coincidence, not unworthy of remark, that the
+initials of two of the most singular men of their own, and perhaps of
+any age, the Emperor Napoleon of France, and Lord Noel Byron of
+England, used the same letters as an abbreviation of their name, N.B.
+which likewise denotes _Nota Bene_. It was not the habit of either to
+affix his name to letters, but merely N.B.--R.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE _FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED_:
+
+                                      _s_.  _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling           0     6
+  Paul and Virginia                    0     6
+  The Castle of Otranto                0     6
+  Almoran and Hamet                    0     6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia  0     6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne   0     6
+  Rasselas                             0     8
+  The Old English Baron                0     8
+  Nature and Art                       0     8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield       0    10
+  Sicilian Romance                     0    10
+  The Man of the World                 1     0
+  A Simple Story                       1     4
+  Joseph Andrews                       1     6
+  Humphry Clinker                      1     8
+  The Romance of the Forest            1     8
+  The Italian                          2     0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                 2     6
+  Roderick Random                      2     6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho             3     6
+  Peregrine Pickle                     4     6
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO 381 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 11332.txt or 11332.zip *****
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