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diff --git a/old/11281.txt b/old/11281.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ca9d64 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11281.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2112 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 12, No. 334 Saturday, October 4, 1828 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 25, 2004 [EBook #11281] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 334 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL XII, NO. 334.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1828. [PRICE 2d. + + + + + +[Illustration: UNITED SERVICE CLUB-HOUSE.] + + +UNITED SERVICE CLUB-HOUSE + + +Modern club-houses are, for the most part, splendid specimens of the +style which luxury and good-living have attained in this country. +Such are their internal recommendations; but to the public they are +interesting for the architectural embellishment which they add to the +streets of the metropolis. If we reason on Bishop Berkeley's theory--that +all the mansions, equipages, &c. we see abroad, are intended for our +gratification--we must soon forget the turtle, venison, and claret +that are stored in the larders and cellars of club-houses, whilst +our admiration is awakened at the taste which is lavished on their +exteriors. + +The "United Service" Club-House is, as its name implies, intended for +the Officers of the Army and Navy, who, in these pacific times, may here +enjoy _otium cum dignitate_, and fill up the intervals of refection, in +reading the "history of the war," from the noble quarto to the last +dispatches received at the Foreign Office. + +The above Club-House, which occupies an angle of Charles-street and +Regent-street, is, however, but a meagre specimen of the abilities of +the architect, Mr. Smirke. It has none of the characteristic decorations +of either service, if we except the bas-relief on the entrance-front in +Charles street, which represents Britannia distributing laurels to her +brave sons by land and sea. The architecture of the whole is cold and +unfeeling, and even the columns supporting the porticoes are of a very +rigid order--when we consider that the clubhouse is not an official +establishment, but one intended for luxurious accommodation, and that it +would have admitted of much more florid embellishment. At the same time, +although we quarrel with the frigidity of the exterior, we do not +question the warmth of its kitchens, or the potency of its cellars; +neither do we affect any knowledge of the latter--nay, not even enough +to weave into a "fashionable" novel. + +A new mansion is building for the United Service Club, on the site of +Carlton House, under the superintendance of Mr. Nash, and which, with +another new clubhouse for the Athaenaeum, will form an entrance to the +new square opposite Waterloo-Place. The taste of the sword and pen does +not, however, agree, and their buildings are dissimilar. In the United +Service Club are two rooms of 150 feet by 50, the floors of which are +constructed of cast-iron girders. At the back of these club-houses will +be a large ornamental garden. + + * * * * * + + +FUNERAL GARLANDS. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +The primitive Christians censured a practice prevalent among the Romans, +of decorating a corpse, previous to interment or combustion, with +garlands and flowers. Their reprehension extended also to a periodical +custom of placing the "first-fruits of Flora" on their graves and tombs. +Thus Anchises, in Dryden's Virgil,_Aeneid,_ book 6, says, + + "Full canisters of fragrant lilies bring, + Mix'd with the purple roses of the spring; + Let me with _funeral flowers_ his body strew-- + This gift, which parents to their children owe, + This unavailing gift I may bestow." + +Notwithstanding the anathemas of the church, these simple, interesting, +and harmless (if not laudable) practices still remain. The early customs +and features of all nations approximate; and whether the following +traits, which a friend has kindly obliged me with, are relics of Roman +introduction, or national, I leave the antiquary to decide. + +On Palm Sunday, in several villages in South Wales, a custom prevails +of cleaning the grave-stones of departed friends and acquaintances, and +ornamenting them with flowers, &c. On the Saturday preceding, a troop of +servant girls go to the churchyard with pails and brushes, to renovate +the various mementos of affection, clean the letters, and take away +the weeds. The next morning their young mistresses attend, with the +gracefulness of innocence in their countenances, and the roses of health +and beauty blooming on their cheeks. According to their fancy, and +according to the state of the season, they place on the stones +snow-drops, crocuses, lilies of the valley, and roses. + +A sacrifice such as this, so pure, so innocent, so expressive, is surely +acceptable to the great God of nature. + +QUAESITOR. + +To our Correspondent's communication, which is worthy of record, from +its originality, we could add many well-authenticated accounts of the +rite of decorating graves, &c. There is in our drawer an interesting +paper on the subject; but we give _Quaesitor_ the priority. + + * * * * * + + +THE SPIDER'S WEB. + +(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.) + + +To the curious among the perusers of the Mirror, it may not be +uninteresting to know that a beautiful impression may be taken on paper +of the reticulated web of the _field-spider_, by sprinkling it finely +with any dark-coloured liquid, and placing the paper intended for the +impression behind the web, and drawing it gently towards you. I do not +know of what ingredients bookbinders' blue-sprinkle is made, but it seems +to absorb the gelatinous matter of which the web is composed. The idea +that an impression might be produced in this manner, was suggested to me +by observing the dew on the web in the morning. + +_Rugby_. W.I.T. + +Our ingenious Correspondent has, on the fly-leaf of his letter, furnished +us with the impression of a web, as a proof of the practicability of the +above. + + * * * * * + + +ATAR GUL. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +Who hath not inhaled with ecstasy the delicious, the heavenly odour of +"the Atar Gul, more precious than gold?" Who hath not in fancy wandered, +as he inspired it, to the terrestrial paradise from whence it is +procured? And who that knew not how so volatile an essence was collected, +hath not marvelled, over the enjoyment of Otto of Roses? Persia, Turkey, +and Egypt, are the principal countries in which it is manufactured, and +the Atar of Persia is generally allowed to be the most superior, and the +most difficult to be obtained genuine. The rose of Cashmire is proverbial +throughout the east for its brilliancy and fragrance; and "the Roses of +the Jinan Nile, or Garden of the Nile, (attached to the Emperor of +Morocco's palace) are unequalled; mattresses are made of their leaves for +the men of rank to recline upon." I transcribe from a published account +in my possession, the method of obtaining Atar Gul in the _east_ (for +I have heard that some _English_ chemists have endeavoured to procure +it from _English_ roses.) merely begging to observe that it exactly +corresponds with that given to me by a gentleman who had witnessed the +process in Egypt. + +"_Otto of Roses_.--The usual method of making it is, to gather the roses +with their calyces, and put them into a still with nearly double their +weight of pure spring water; which, when sufficiently distilled, will be +highly scented with roses; this is then poured into shallow vessels and +exposed to the nocturnal air. Next morning, the _Atar, or essential oil_ +of the flowers is found swimming in small congealed particles on the +surface of the water; it is carefully collected and preserved in small +glass bottles."[1] A hundred pounds of the flowers scarcely afford in +India two drachms of essential oil. "Cent livres de petales de Roses," +says a French chemist, "N'en fournissent par la distillation que +_quatre_ drachmes." Tachenius from the same quantity obtained half +an ounce, and Hoffman a much larger proportion. The trials of other +chemists have been attended with various results. It is most difficult +to procure the _genuine_ Otto of Roses, since even in the countries +where it is made, the distillers are tempted to put sandal wood, scented +grasses, and other oily plants into the still with the roses, which +alter their perfume, and debase the value of the Atar; colour is no test +of genuineness; green, amber, and light red or pink. The hues of the +_real_ otto, are also those of the adulterated; the presence of the +sandal wood may be detected by the simple sense of smelling; but in +order to discover the union of a grosser oil with the _essential_, drop +a very little otto on a piece of clean writing paper, and hold it to the +fire; if the article is _genuine_, it will evaporate without leaving +a mark on the paper, so ethereal is the _essential oil of roses!_ if +otherwise, a grease-spot will declare the imposition. I need scarcely +expatiate upon the delicate and long-continuing fragrance which this +luxuriant perfume imparts to all things with which it comes in contact; +it is peculiarly calculated for the drawer, writing-desk, &c. since its +aroma is totally unmingled with that most disagreeable effluvium, which +is ever proceeding from alcohol. Lavender-water, _esprit_ de rose &c. +&c. are quite disgusting shut up in box or drawer, but the Atar Gul, is +as delightful there as in the most open and airy space. Some persons +there are, however, who have an antipathy to it, and others will, as +they inhale its delicious odour, fancy with myself, what may be. + + +THE SONG OF THE ATAR GUL! + + I'm come! I'm come! for you've charm'd me here + _Soul of the Rose_, from divine Cashmire + I'm come,--all orient, odorous, rare, + An Eden-breath in your boreal air; + + I'm come. I'm come! like a seraph's sigh + Breath'd to ethereal minstrelsy, + And well ye'll deem what a sigh must be + From the tearless heirs of eternity! + + I've fled my bright frame from Tirnagh's stream, + And, wand'ring here, am sweet as the dream + Of passion, which stirs the Peri's breast, + Whom her dear one's winglets fan to rest; + I've dwelt i' the rose-cup, and drunk the tone-- + Of my lover the Bulbul, all low and lone; + And the maid's soul-song, who forth hath crept, + When pale stars peer'd, and night flow'rs wept. + + But oh! from the songs of Cashmire's vale, + The rose, the lute, and the nightingale, + From flow'rs, whose odours were _too_ divine; + From gems of beauty whose souls were mine; + From floating eyes, that could wound, yet bless, + In their warm, dark, deep, voluptuousness; + I'm come, in young iv'ry breasts to lie, + Betray'd like Love, by my luscious sigh! + + I'm come, and my holy, rich, perfume + Makes faint your roses of palest bloom; + Soul, as _I_ am, of an orient gem, + My aroma's too divine for them; + I'm come! but mine odorous, elfin wing + Rises from earth, and that one fair thing + _First_ Love's _first_ sigh, which ye know to be, + More exquisite, and more brief than _me_! + +M.L.B. + + +[1] Having, not long since, purchased a bottle of Persian Otto, warranted + _genuine_, (as is all) I laid it carefully by, wrapped thickly round + with cotton wool; the Atar which was certainly excellent, was in a + curious bottle of rough misshapen workmanship, but ornamented with + sundry circles, and lozenges, of various coloured glass. I was + inclined to regard this bottle as a more genuine specimen of oriental + art, than one of those, which, enamelled, with gold, stands forth in + its way an _elegant_ of the first water, and I hoped to have kept it + long. On visiting my Otto shortly afterwards, I found that not only + had it all evaporated, but destroyed its receptacle. Its strength (I + conclude) had dissolved the cement of the aforesaid coloured bits of + glass, and left me only an empty and plain bottle, the ugliest of the + ugly. I mention this circumstance as a caution to amateurs in Atar + Gul. + + * * * * * + + +SHOOTING AT THE POPINJAY. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +The Popinjay or Popingo (signifying painted bird) is a very favourite and +popular diversion in Denmark, and of which it may be interesting to give +some account. A society is constituted of various members, called the +"King's Shooting Club," who have a code of laws and regulations drawn up +for their observance; and are under the direction of nine managers. The +entrance-money is 60 dollars. Members are admitted by ballot, and on +election receive a diploma on parchment, with the seal of the society. + +The meetings are held in a large building in the environs, and members +are decorated with an order or badge of distinction, which is the figure +of a gilded bird with outstretched wings, perching on a branch of laurel. +This is worn on the left breast, and attached to a button-hole of the +waistcoat by a green silk riband. On the breast are marked the letters +"_D.C._" meaning "_Danish Company_." On one side of the branch is the +date 1542, and on the other 1739.[2] In the month of August, when the +amusement commences, the members meet in their hall, and proceed in +formal procession to an adjoining field on the western side of the city; +where arrangements are previously made for the numerous spectators. The +bird to be shot at is about the size of a parrot, gilded, and placed on +the top of a high pole. On their way to the field they are attended by a +band of music, which precedes the members as they march with their pieces +over their shoulders. + +According to a law of the institution, the competitors fire at this mark +with large rifle pieces charged with balls, and rested on triangular +stands. Whoever is so fortunate as to strike the wing of the Popingo +first, is entitled to a prize. This is sometimes a pair of handsome +candlesticks, or a silver tea-pot and spoons. Whoever hits the tail is +entitled to another prize not inferior to the last; but he who wounds the +body of the bird is complimented with the principal one which weighs at +least 65 ounces of silver, and is honoured with the title of the "BIRD +KING." These prizes are surmounted with the royal cipher and crown. His +Danish majesty opens this ceremony in person, and is entitled to the +first shot, and the queen to the second, then they are followed by the +other branches of the royal family in succession. The firing continues +until the bird falls. In returning to the hall, the "Bird King," +accompanied by the procession, first enters the room, and is placed at +the head of the table laid out for an entertainment, even in the presence +of his majesty. On this occasion he is understood to be invested with +peculiar privileges, such as proposing toasts, directing the order of the +feast, &c. and his own health is first given by the judges. The members +pay 100 dollars each. The festival is honoured by the presence of the +royal family, and no person excepting the members, the foreign ministers, +and other distinguished persons, who are specially invited, can be +admitted. + +The practice of shooting at the Popingo or Popinjay, however, is not +peculiar to Denmark. In Scotland a nearly similar amusement is observed, +where the head marksman receives the title of "Captain." In a future +paper, perhaps, I may notice the subject again, as it may prove +interesting. + +W.H.H. + + +[2] I imagine this to mean the time of the introduction of the sport, and + the year when the company was instituted. + + * * * * * + + +IMMENSE TROUT. + +(_To the Editor of the Mirror._) + + +In No. 331 of the MIRROR, I observed an article on Trout-fishing in +Westmoreland. The writer states, that the largest trout ever caught in +that county weighed four pounds and a half. This circumstance induces me +to send you the annexed account respecting trout in Kent. + +The county of Kent affords a vast number of trout-streams, which are +nowhere surpassed in England; and fish of extraordinary size and beauty +have frequently been caught in them. Some years ago, at Farningham, (a +village through which a noble trout-stream takes its course), stood a +flour-mill, the proprietor of which informed my father, that he had often +observed an enormous trout in the stream, near the mill-head, and that he +would endeavour to catch it, in order to ascertain its real dimensions, +as he was very desirous to have a picture done from it. My father having +consented to undertake the picture, the proprietor caused the trout, +though with much difficulty, to be caught in a stub-net. It appeared of a +most beautiful colour, and was finely variegated with spots; but it +possessed such exceeding strength, that the assistance of two men was +necessary to hold it down on a table while the measurement was made. It +proved to be twenty-six inches in length, and weighed _nine pounds_. The +proprietor returned it to the water unhurt, for he would by no means +suffer it to be killed, but caused food from time to time to be thrown +into the stream. This food chiefly consisted of meal and flour, made into +small balls, which allured the trout to remain near the mill-head. When +the particulars concerning this remarkable fish were circulated, many +persons came from different parts of Kent, and even from London, to +obtain a sight of it. + +Numerous individuals now living at Farningham can attest the truth of +this account; and, probably, the painting may still be seen at that place. +_September_ 20, 1828. + +G.W.N. + + * * * * * + + +INSCRIPTION FOR A BROOK + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +SUR UN RUISSEAU. + + + Coule gentil ruisseau, sous cet epais fouillage: + Ton bruit charme les sens--il attendrit le coeur. + Coule gentil ruisseau, car ton cours est l'image + D'un beau jour ecoule dans le sein du bonheur. + +J. J. ROUSSEAU. + + +IMITATED FROM THE ABOVE. + + + Flow, gentle stream, thy course pursue + Beneath the shade of waving bowers, + Where sunbeams lightly glancing through, + The dew-drops kiss from off the flowers. + + Thy murmurs charm the list'ning ear, + And soothe the senses to repose-- + No wayward passion rages here, + The heart no throbbing tumult knows. + + Thy waters, as they glide along, + Reflect but images of peace, + Emblem of days, too swiftly flown, + Pass'd in the midst of happiness. + + Flow on, fair stream, thy course pursue + Beneath the shade of waving bowers, + Where sunbeams lightly glancing through, + Kiss the bright dew from off the flowers. + +S.N. + + * * * * * + + +NATIONAL VARIETIES. + +(_Continued from page_ 165.) + + +It is almost impossible to lay down any rule which would define the +variations of national manners as having any reference to climate. We +frequently find that the passage of a river, or a chain of mountains, +dividing countries of the same natural features, brings us among an +entirely new people, and presents us with a fresh scene in the melodrama +of life. The inhabitants of Languedoc and Gascony, and the southern parts +of France, are the gayest and most lively of the subjects of Charles X.; +but the moment we have crossed the Pyrenees, we are among one of the +gravest nations in the world, the Spaniards. Again, contrast the +solemnity and deep sense of honour of the Turks, with the vivacity and, +we regret to add, the deceit and bad faith of the unfortunate modern +Greeks. The virtuous spirit will, we trust, revive in the Morea with the +return of civilization and freedom; for, as no one will attribute the +degradation of the modern Greeks from the high moral cultivation of their +ancestors, to any alteration in the climate of their country, so let us +never despair of the return of virtue, of poetry, of the arts and +sciences, whilst Parnassus and Helicon still enjoy the same glorious sun, +and whilst the Isles are still gilded by eternal summer. We want no +proofs that patriotism still lives in Greece, and with that feeling will +ever be associated the powers that are able to invigorate a nation. + +Although a mountainous country like Greece, situated in the loveliest +climate in the world, must of course have some effect on the spirit of +the people, yet the degree of it seems extremely uncertain. The Swiss +seem in a great measure to have lost their renown for patriotism, by +their slavish submissions to foreign yokes during the late war, and by +the apathy with which they allow their rights to be trampled on at this +day by a tyrannical aristocracy at home. There is now a proverb of +"_Point d'argent, point de Suisse!_"--a melancholy reflection for a land +where Tell drew his unerring shaft in the cause of freedom--where, so +late as 1798, a patriot of the canton of Schwyz concluded an address with +these words:--"The dew of the mountain may still moisten its verdure--the +sweets of the valley may still shed their fragrance around you--the +purple grape may still mingle with the green vine--the note of the maiden +may still sound sweetly to the ear of her lover--the soft cry of the +infant charm the feelings of the father--the confiding wife may yet +gladden the home of her husband--but the heart of man will be rotten--the +spirit of your ancestors extinguished--Switzerland no more, if you submit +to the French. If you love your country, and value your honour, be men, +and resist. If not, prove cowards, and obey." + +Patriotism, however, does not confine itself to mountains, as witness the +history of the ancient and modern republics of Italy; of the resistance +of Holland and Belgium to their oppressors; of the English and French +revolutions. It is unnecessary to look across the Atlantic, to prove the +existence of the pure plant in its most healthy and vigorous growth. The +new world is dedicated to the cause of liberty, and from that good seed +is now springing forth fruit an hundred fold; the progress of +civilization, of knowledge, of virtue, and happiness in the United States, +is, by every recent traveller there, proved to be immense. The example of +her own children is becoming an additional security for right principles +to the mother country; and long may it so continue: + + Yes! in that generous cause, for ever strong, + The patriot's virtue and the poet's song, + Still as the tide of ages rolls away, + Shall charm the world, unconscious of decay! + + +We cannot even contend that the sun has the effect of inflaming the +imaginations of men, and infusing into them either vivacity or a poetic +spirit. The French, Greeks, Egyptians, and Persians are all remarkable +for gaiety; while the Spaniards, Turks, and Chinese, the latitudes of +whose countries vary but little, are noted for a grave and serious +deportment. The land that has given birth to Shakspeare and Milton has no +reason to complain of the want of warmth of imagination. Klopstock and +Goethe,--the latter now allowed to be first of the living poets,--are +instances of the wide range of the spirit of poetry. Shall we, who have +seen Byron writing, as it were, in the midst of us, yield assent to +calling Greece and Italy the countries of imagination, _par excellence_, +because they have produced Homer and Dante? Assuredly not. We cannot even +admit, as a general proposition, that the languages of the south are +always the smoothest and most melodious, and the northern ones harsh, and +not adapted for music. The liquid, smooth, and effeminate language of +modern Italy is totally different from the strong, energetic, and harsh +Latin used by the ancient Romans. The Arabic will be immediately admitted, +by any who has heard a page of it read, to be extremely uncouth and +disagreeable. The Russian, on the contrary, is soft and musical. And to +recur to a more familiar instance, we shall find the Welsh tongue, on +examination, to be in fact very poetic, and peculiarly capable of giving +force and expression--whether of grandeur, of terror, or of melody--to +the idea the words are intended to convey. Let the reader who understands +the Welsh pronunciation, judge whether the following distich is not an +echo to, and as it were a picture of, the sense of the majestic sound of +thunder:-- + + "Tan a dwr y'n ymwriaw, + Yw'r taranau dreigiau draw." + + The roaring thunder, dreadful in its ire, + Is water warring with aerial fire. + + +The next specimen will show the capability of the Welsh to express soft +and melodious sounds:-- + + "Mae mil o leisian meluson, + Mai mel o hyd ym mola hon." + + +The mellifluence of these lines, written on a harp, is totally lost in +the translation:-- + + Within the concave of its womb is found + The magic scale of soul-enchanting sound. + + +The best illustration of the comparative degree of mental excellence +between the southern and northern nations, is, perhaps, that of Bishop +Berkeley, who compares the southern wits to cucumbers, which are commonly +all good of their kind, but at best an insipid fruit; while the northern +geniuses are like melons, of which not one in fifty is good; but when it +is so, it has an excellent relish. Now it is not probable that the same +climate which is favourable to the study of the sciences and to the +reasoning powers, would prevent their being pushed to the utmost extent; +and the solution of this difference may, perhaps, depend on the question, +whether a general diffusion of learning among a people is a state of +things usually accompanied by a remarkable perfection in particular +persons. A man of ordinary acquirements in the present day might have +passed for a prodigy in the thirteenth century; and the novelty and +distinction attaching to one who rises above the rest, is, of course, +more difficult to attain in an age where knowledge is possessed +universally. Inasmuch, therefore, as the liberal arts have been imported +to us from the south, and their progress is as yet not so extensive in +cold countries, the stimulus to their cultivation in the latter is so +much the greater; which is one way of accounting for the giants in +science that have appeared in the north, It is moreover remarkable, that +the northern nations have a stronger apprehension of abstract +propositions, and a greater fondness for generalizing, than seems to be +the case in the south. The difference between a Frenchman and a German is +observable in this particular, by any one who attends to their manner of +telling stories. The former, in giving you an account of his being robbed +by a servant to whom he had been particularly kind, first tells you the +facts, and concludes with a reflection, "_Voila que le monde est ingrat!_" +The German, on the other hand, in order to prove to you the general +proposition of the unthankfulness of men to their benefactors, gives you +the instance that has recently happened. To the one, the fact is +interesting, because it proves the proposition; to the other, the +proposition is a conclusion, which he hastily draws from an individual +occurrence that has suggested it. + +The climate does not appear to affect even the bodies of men to any +great degree. We cannot pronounce that it is the sun which makes +the African black, when we see the same heat pouring down on the +copper-coloured American, in the same degree of latitude, though in +another longitude. The inhabitants of Terra del Fuego are of a very dark +hue, approaching to black; and yet that island experiences as severe +cold as any part of the earth, as Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander +have testified. The complexion and appearance of the Jews, and other +emigratory races, is the same in all parts of the world. And a stronger +proof cannot be given, than the marked distinction which still exists +among the three great families that divide Europe. These three have been +for the last 2,500 years, and still are, the Celts, the Teutonic race, +and the Slavonic race. + +The Celts have black hair and eyes, and a white skin, verging to brown. +They chiefly inhabit the west of Europe, viz. the south of France, +(called by M. Dupin, _France obscure_,) Spain, Portugal, and the +greatest part of Italy. To them also belong the ancient Britons, the +Welsh, Bretons, Irish, Highland Scotch, and the Manks, or people of the +Isle of Man. The great German race, with blue eyes, yellow or reddish +hair, and a fair and red skin, occupies the middle of Europe. It +includes the Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders, Danes, ancient and modern +Germans, Saxons and English, Caledonians and Lowland Scotch, the +Belgians, the Vandals, and the Goths. + +The east of Europe contains the Sarmatian and Slavonic tribes, with +dark hair and eyes, darker skin than the Germans, and larger limbs than +the Celts. This race includes the Russians, Poles, Croats, Slavons, +Bohemians, Bulgarians, Cossacks, and other tribes using the Slavonic +language. + +We trust we shall not give offence to such of our readers as wear the +Celtic appearance, if we assume, as undisputed, the general superiority +of the Teutonic to the Celtic or Slavonic races in mental acquirements. +We believe that the German race are pre-eminent for their sense of order, +of law, and of social institutions; and whether they derive these +advantages from the east, whence their origin has now been satisfactorily +traced, or however they have attained them, we have only to reflect on +the civilization introduced by the Saxons into England--on the actual +state of the ancient Britons at present inhabiting Wales and the +Highlands--and on the terrible disorder and barbarism that reigns in +Ireland--to be thankful that the pure Celtic blood has not been allowed +to remain unmixed in these islands. + +What, then, it will be asked, is the result of these speculations? Are we +to conclude that the races of men are essentially different, or that the +variations are attributable to the various degrees of moral cultivation +that each nation has received? And our answer is, that we are inclined to +believe the capacities for improvement of races, as of individuals, to +have been differently bestowed by nature; but that none are actually +incapable of culture. There is no land, however sterile, that the art of +man may not make to produce fruit; but the difficulty and expense of +tillage must be in proportion to the intrinsic richness or poverty of the +soil. We fear that the soil of the Negroes[3], of the American Indians, +and of the Esquimaux, must be laboured at early and late, before it +brings forth even an average crop. But we do not despair even here. Still +less could we for a moment depreciate the labours of those who are +carrying education to the utmost bounds of the earth. The more degraded +and stupid the condition of any set of people may be, the more +meritorious and thankworthy are those efforts that are made to advance +them one point nearer to the heavens--one step above the beasts that +perish. The advancement of Hayti, though much overrated, is nevertheless +considerable; and we trust that national independence will co-operate +there also with the progress of learning, for the increase of happiness +and prosperity. A free government, high public spirit, and an eager +desire for wisdom, are permanent securities for the welfare of the state, +and the happiness of the citizens; and though we cannot control nature, +let us endeavour by art to supply what is wanting, where her bounty has +been limited; "let us," in the words of Lord Bacon, "labour to restore +and enlarge the power and dominion of the whole race of man over the +universe of things!" + +D. + +[3] The idea of the ancient Egyptians, as mentioned by Herodotus, having + been of the same family as the Negroes, is now completely refuted by + the inquiries of Cuvier and other naturalists. The examinations of + mummies have been highly useful in setting this question at rest. + + * * * * * + + +MORTON BRIDGE. + +A BALLAD. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +The remorseless tragedy on which this ballad is founded, took place +upwards of a century ago. In the retired village of Romanby, near +Northallerton, Yorkshire, there resided a desperate band of coiners, +whose respectability and cunning concealment precluded all possibility of +suspicion as to their proceedings. The victim of their revenge was Mary +Ward, the servant of one of those ruffians. Having obtained an accidental +view of some secret apartments appropriated to their treasonable +practices, she unguardedly communicated her knowledge to an acquaintance; +which reaching her master's ears, he determined to destroy her. The most +plausible story, time, and means were selected for this purpose. On a +Sunday evening, after sunset, an unknown personage on horseback arrived +at her master's mansion, half equipped, to give colour to his alleged +haste, and slated that he was dispatched for Mary, as _her mother was +dying_. She lingered to ask her master's permission; but he feigned sleep, +and she departed without his leave. On the table of her room was her +Bible, opened at those remarkable words in Job, "They shall seek me _in +the morning_, and shall not find me; and where I am, they shall not come." +Her home was at the distance of eight miles from Romanby; and Morton +bridge, hard by the heath where she was murdered, is the traditionary +scene of her nocturnal revisitings. The author has seen the tree said to +have been distorted by her in endeavouring to climb the fence; and has +visited the village and bridge, from which his descriptions are +accurately taken. The impression of her re-appearance is only +_poetically_ assumed, for there is too much of what Coleridge would term +"the divinity of nature" around Morton Bridge, to warrant its association +with supernatural mysteries. + + Oh! sights are seen, and sounds are heard, + On Morton Bridge, at night, + When to the woods the cheerful birds + Have ta'en their silent flight. + + When through the mantle of the sky + No cheering moonbeams delve, + And the far village clock hath told + The midnight hour of twelve. + + Then o'er the lonely path is heard + The sigh of sable trees, + With deadly moan of suff'ring strife + Borne on the solemn breeze-- + + For Mary's spirit wanders there, + In snowy robe array'd, + To tell each trembling villager + Where sleeps the murder'd maid. + + It was a Sabbath's eve of love, + When nature seem'd more holy; + And nought in life was dull, but she + Whose look was melancholy. + + She lean'd her tear-stain'd cheek of health + Upon her lily arm, + Poor, hapless girl! she could not tell + What caus'd her wild alarm. + + Around the roses of her face + Her flaxen ringlets fell; + No lovelier bosom than her own + Could guiltless sorrow swell! + + The holy book before her lay, + That boon to mortals given, + To teach the way from weeping earth + To ever-glorious heaven; + + And Mary read prophetic words, + That whisper'd of her doom-- + "Oh! they will search for me, but where + I am, they cannot come!" + + The tears forsook her gentle eyes, + And wet the sacred lore; + And such a terror shook her frame, + She ne'er had known before. + + She ceas'd to weep, but deeper gloom + Her tearless musing brought; + And darker wan'd the evening hour, + And darker Mary's thought. + + The sun, he set behind the hills, + And threw his fading fire + On mountain rock and village home, + And lit the distant spire. + + (Sweet fane of truth and mercy! where + The tombs of other years + Discourse of virtuous life and hope, + And tell of by-gone tears!) + + It was a night of nature's calm, + For earth and sky were still; + And childhood's revelry was o'er, + Upon the daisied hill. + + The ale-house, with its gilded sign, + Hung on the beechen bough, + Was mute within, and tranquilly + The hamlet stream did flow. + + The room where sat this grieving girl + Was one of ancient years; + Its antique state was well display'd + To conjure up her fears; + + With massy walls of sable oak, + And roof of quaint design, + And lattic'd window, darkly hid + By rose and eglantine. + + The summer moon now sweetly shone + All softly and serene; + She clos'd the casement tremblingly + Upon the beauteous scene. + + Above that carved mantle hung, + Clad in the garb of gloom, + A painting of rich feudal state,-- + An old baronial room. + + The Norman windows scarcely cast + A light upon the wall, + Where shone the shields of warrior knights + Within the lonely hall. + + And, pendent from each rusty nail, + Helmet and steely dress, + With bright and gilded morion, + To grace that dim recess. + + Then Mary thought upon each tale + Of terrible romance:-- + The lady in the lonely tower-- + The murd'rer's deadly glance-- + + And moon-lit groves in pathless woods, + Where shadows nightly sped; + Her fancy could not leave the realms + Of darkness and the dead. + + There stood a messenger without, + Beside her master's gate, + Who, till his thirsty horse had drunk, + Would hardly deign to wait. + + The mansion rung with Mary's name, + For dreadful news he bore-- + A dying mother wish'd to look + Upon her child once more. + + The words were, "Haste, ere life be gone;" + Then was she quickly plac'd + Behind him on the hurrying steed, + Which soon the woods retrac'd. + + Now they have pass'd o'er Morton Bridge, + While smil'd the moon above + Upon the ruffian and his prey-- + The hawk and harmless dove. + + The towering elms divide their tops; + And now a dismal heath + Proclaims her "final doom" is near + The awful hour of death! + + The villain check'd his weary horse, + And spoke of trust betray'd; + And Mary's heart grew sick with fright, + As, answering, thus she said-- + + "Oh! kill me not until I see + My mother's face again! + Ride on, in mercy, horseman, ride, + And let us reach the lane! + + "There slay me by my mother's door, + And I will pray for thee-- + For she shall find her daughter's corse"-- + "No, girl, it cannot be. + + "This heath thou shalt not cross, for soon + Its earth will hide thy form; + That babbling tongue of thine shall make + A morsel for the worm!" + + She leap'd upon the ling-clad heath, + And, nerv'd with phrensied fear, + Pursued her slippery way across, + Until the wood was near. + + But nearer still _two_ fiends appear'd, + Like hunters of the fawn, + Who cast their cumb'ring cloaks away, + Beside that forest lone; + + And bounded swifter than the maid, + Who nearly 'scap'd their wrath, + For well she knew that woody glade, + And every hoary path, + + Obscur'd by oak and hazel bush, + Where milk-maid's merry song + Had often charm'd her lover's ear, + Who blest her silv'ry tongue. + + But Mary miss'd the woodland stile-- + The hedge-row was not high; + She gain'd its prickly top, and now + Her murderers were nigh. + + A slender tree her fingers caught-- + It bent beneath her weight; + 'Twas false as love and Mary's fate! + Deceiving as the night! + + She fell--and villagers relate + No more of Mary's hour, + But how she rose with deadly might, + And, with a maniac's power, + + Fought with her murd'rers till they broke + Her slender arm in twain: + That none could e'er discover where + The maiden's corse was lain. + + When wand'ring by that noiseless wood, + Forsaken by the bee, + Each rev'rend chronicler displays + The bent and treach'rous tree. + + Pointing the barkless spot to view, + Which Mary's hand embrac'd, + They shake their hoary locks, and say, + "It ne'er can be effac'd!" + +* * H. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY. + +_Tanning_. + + +The tanner steeps the skin at first in a weak infusion of bark, until it +has acquired a nutmeg brown colour, and then he gradually increases the +strength of the steeping liquors, and after a time he draws the skin +out, and finds that it is converted into leather. A thick piece of hide +requires ten, twelve, or fourteen months, to be converted into good +leather; and when you consider the length of time consumed in the +process, and the great capital necessarily employed, you cannot feel +surprised that various plans should have been proposed to lessen both. +It was proposed to tan with warm instead of cold liquors; and although +the tan appeared to promote the skins in a shorter time, the quality of +the leather was so much injured, that it was soon given up. Then it was +tried to force the tan through the pores of the skin, by employing great +pressure; but this was not found to answer. But you may ask why the +tanner does not put the skins at once into a strong liquor? The reason +is, that the exterior surface of the skin would soon become tanned, and +the central part would remain untanned, which, in a short time, would +begin to rot and decay, and the leather so treated would soon fall to +pieces. The tanner, therefore, judges of the perfection of the tanning +by cutting through the leather; and if he finds it of an uniform brown +colour, without any white streak in the centre, he considers that the +process has been successfully conducted. It would require much time to +describe all the operations of the _tan-yard_, but many of them are +interesting, as regards the chemical agents employed. I might have +mentioned to you, that the mode of preparing the skin for tanning, is +first to soak it in lime-water, by which the hair is easily detached; +but the cuticle and under part of the skin, the cellular substance, are +scraped off after it has been soaked in the lime water. A great variety +of substances have been used for tanning, as the acorn-cup of the +oriental bark; catechu and sumach have been also used; but the oak bark +is most generally used, as furnishing a large quantity of astringent +matter. It is not the business of the chemist to describe the different +kinds of leather, but I may just mention, that the upper leather of +shoes is called _curried_ leather; the leather having been tanned, is +rubbed over with oil before it is dried, and it is then very flexible, +pliable, and durable; but if you take a piece of dry leather, and try to +rub it over with oil or grease, you cannot make it enter the pores of +the leather; the black colour is produced by rubbing it over with a +solution of green vitriol, the sulphate of iron. _Russian_ leather is +tanned in an infusion of birch bark, and is said to be afterwards mixed +with a quantity of birch tar, to give it that odour for which it is +peculiar, which renders it valuable for book-binding, on account of +preventing it from being attacked by insects. _Tawed_ leather, used for +gloves, is made by impregnating the skin with a liquor containing alum +and salt, and afterwards washed in a mixture of yolks of eggs and water; +the saline and animal matters combine, and give it that peculiar +softness, and such leather is afterwards coloured as may be required; +having been rolled over wooden rollers, in which are grooves, it is +called _Morocco_ leather. These are the principal varieties of leather +employed in this country.--_Brande's Lectures--Lancet_. + + +_Mites_. + +An indefatigable naturalist has undertaken the very difficult task +of arranging the family of _acarides_, or mites; he divides them into +sixty-nine genera, the greater part of them new! + + +_Electro-Attraction of Leaves_. + +The results of a French experimentalist have lately led him to conclude +that the leaves, hairs, and thorns of plants tend to maintain in them +the requisite proportion of electricity; and, by drawing off from the +atmosphere what is superabundant, they also act in some measure as +thunder-rods. + + +_Enormous Whale_. + +The skeleton of a whale, 95 feet long by 18 feet high, has lately been +deposited in the Cabinet of Natural History at Ghent. In the opinion of +many naturalists, among whom is M. Cuvier, this fish could not have been +less than 900 or 1,000 years old! + + +_Fly in Wheat_. + +In North America, much damage is done to crops of wheat by the Hessian +fly. The female deposits from one to eight or more eggs upon a single +plant of wheat, between the vagina or sheath of the inner leaf and the +culm nearest the roots; in which situation, with its head towards the +root or first joint, the young larva pass the winter. They eat the stem, +which thus becomes weak, and breaks; but are checked by another insect, +called the destructor, otherwise whole crops of wheat would be +annihilated. + + +_Spiders_. + +A correspondent of London's _Magazine of Natural History_ says, that he +lately amused himself for more than an hour in observing the proceedings +of a little spider, whose bag of eggs had been removed and restored! + + +_Light of the Sea_. + +Its appearance previous to a storm is a very old observation among +sailors. It is, however without foundation, as it is to be seen, more +or less, all the year round in the Carribean sea, where there are no +storms but in the hurricane months. In the hand it has a kind of mucous +feel.--_Mag. Nat. Hist_. + + +_Woodpeckers_. + +A specimen of the _least woodpecker_ was lately shot near Newcastle; and +another has since been heard and seen near Coventry. Its noise resembles +that made by the boring of a large auger through the hardest wood; whence +the country people sometimes call the bird "the pump-borer."--_Ibid_. + + +_The Tea Shrub_ + +Has been naturalized in Java with complete success; so that, sooner or +later, the Chinese monopoly will come to an end. + + +_Floating Island_. + +From the earliest times, there are to be found in authors, notices of the +singular geological phenomena of floating islands. Pliny tells us of the +floating islands of the Lago de Bassanello, near Rome; in Loch Lomond, in +Scotland, there is or was a floating island; and in the Lake of Derwent +Water, in Cumberland, such islands appear and disappear at indefinite +periods. Mr. A. Pettingal, jun. has recently described a floating island, +about a mile southwards of Newbury port, 140 poles in length, and 120 in +breadth. It is covered with trees; and in summer, when dry weather is +long continued, it descends to the bottom of the lake.--_American, +Journal of Science_. + + +_An immense Medusa_. + +A species of sea-serpent, was thrown on shore near Bombay, in 1819. +It was about 40 feet long, and must have weighed many tons. A violent +gale of wind threw it high above the reach of ordinary tides; in which +situation it took nine months to rot; during which process travellers +were obliged to change the direction of the road for nearly a quarter of +a mile, to avoid the offensive effluvia. It rotted so completely, that +not a vestige of bone remained.--(_C. Telfair, Esq. to R. Barclay, Esq. +of Bury Hill._) + + +_Himalaya Mountains_. + +Captain Gerard, in exploring these mountains, with a view to measurement, +had ascended to the height of 19,600 feet, being 400 feet higher than +Humboldt had ascended on the Andes. The latter part of Captain Gerard's +ascent, for about two miles, was on an inclined plane of 42 deg., a nearer +approach to the perpendicular than Humboldt conceived it possible to +climb for any distance together.--_Heber's India_. + + +_Hippopotamus_. + +The head of a Hippopotamus has recently been brought to England, with +all the flesh about it, in a high state of preservation. This amphibious +animal was harpooned while in combat with a crocodile, in a lake in +the interior of Africa. The head measures near four feet long, and +eight feet in circumference; the jaws open two feet wide, and the +cutting-teeth of which it has four in each jaw, are above a foot +long, and four inches in circumference. Its ears are not bigger than +a terrier's, and are much about the same shape. This formidable and +terrific creature, when full-grown, measures about 17 feet long from the +extremity of the snout to the insertion of the tail, above 16 feet in +circumference round the body, and stands above 7 feet high. It runs with +astonishing swiftness for its great bulk, at the bottom of lakes and +rivers, but not with as much ease on land. When excited, it puts forth +its full strength, which is prodigious. "I have seen," says a mariner, +as we find it in Dampier, "one of these animals open its jaws, and +seizing a boat between its teeth, at once bite and sink it to the +bottom. I have seen it on another occasion place itself under one of our +boats, and rising under it, overset it, with six men who were in it, but +who, however, happily received no other injury." At one time it was not +uncommon in the Nile, but now it is no where to be found in that river, +except above the cataracts. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE COSMOPOLITE. + +A CHAPTER OF BULLS. + + I confess it is what the English call _a bull_, in the expression, + though the sense be manifest enough.--POPE. + + +We are friends to the exposition of the weak sides of great men, inasmuch +as it reads them a valuable lesson on their own infallibility, and tends +to lower the molehills of conceit that are raised in the world as +stumbling-blocks along every road of petty ambition. It would, however, +be but a sorry toil for the most cynical critic to illustrate these +vagaries otherwise than so many slips and trippings of the tongue and pen, +to which all men are liable in their unguarded moments--from Homer to +Anacreon Moore, or Demosthenes to Mr. Brougham. Our course is rather that +of a good-humoured _expose_, the worst effect of which will be to raise a +laugh at the expense of poor humanity, or a merited smile at our own +dulness and mistaken sense of the ridiculous. + +First, of the ancient Poets, who make departed spirits know things past +and to come, yet ignorant of things present. Agamemnon foretels what +should happen to Ulysses, yet ignorantly inquires what is become of his +own son. The ghosts are afraid of swords in Homer, yet Sibylla tells +Aeneas in Virgil, that the then habit of spirits was beyond the force of +weapons. The spirits put off their malice with their bodies; and Caesar +and Pompey accord in Latin hell; yet Ajax in Homer, endures not a +conference with Ulysses. + +In Painting alone we have a rich harvest. Burgoyne in his travels, +notices a painting in Spain, where Abraham is preparing to shoot Isaac +_with a pistol!_ + +There is a painting at Windsor, of Antonio Verrio, in which, he has +introduced himself, Sir Godfrey Kneller, and Bap. May, surveyor of the +works, in long periwigs, as spectators of Christ healing the sick. + +In the Luxembourg is a picture of Reubens, in which are the queen-mother +in council, with two cardinals, and _Mercury!_ + +There may be, also, a sort of anachronism of the limbs, as in the case of +the painter of Toledo, who painted the story of the three wise men of the +east coming to worship, and bringing their presents to our Lord, upon his +birth, at Bethlehem, whence he presents them as three Arabian, or Indian +kings; two of them are white, and one of them black; but, unhappily, when +he drew the latter part of them kneeling, which, to be sure, was done +after their faces, their legs being necessarily a little intermixed, he +made three black feet for the negro king, and but three white feet for +the two white kings; and yet never discovered the mistake till the piece +was presented to the king, and hung up in the great church. + +There was, also, in the Houghton Hall collection, Velvet Brughel's +Adoration of the Magi, in which were a multitude of figures, all finished +with the greatest Dutch exactness; in fact, the ideas are rather a little +too Dutch, for the Ethiopian king is dressed in a surplice, with boots +and spurs, and brings, for a present, a gold model of a modern ship. + +The monks of a certain monastery at Messina, exhibited, with great +triumph, a letter written by the Virgin Mary with her own hand. Unluckily +for them, this was not, as it easily might have been, written on the +ancient papyrus, but on paper made of rags. On some occasion, a visiter, +to whom this was shown, observed, with affected solemnity, that the +letter involved also a miracle, for the paper on which it was written was +not in existence till several hundred years after the mother of our Lord +had ascended into heaven. + +In the church of St. Zacharia, at Venice, is the picture of a Virgin and +Child, whom an angel is entertaining with an air upon the violin. Jean +Belin was the artist, in 1500. So, also, in the college library of +Aberdeen, to a very neat Dutch missal, are appended elegant paintings on +the margin, of the angels appearing to the shepherds, with one of the men +playing on the bagpipes. + +There is a picture in a church at Bruges that puts not only all +chronology, but all else, out of countenance. It is the marriage of Jesus +Christ with Saint Catherine of Sienna. But who marries them? St. Dominic, +the patron of the church. Who joins their hands? Why, the Virgin Mary. +And to crown the anachronism, King David plays the harp at the wedding! + +Albert Durer represented an angel in a flounced petticoat, driving Adam +and Eve from Paradise. + +Lewis Cigoli painted a picture of the Circumcision of the Holy Child, +Jesus, and drew the high priest, Simeon, with spectacles on his nose; +upon a supposition, probably, that, in respect of his great age, that aid +would be necessary. Spectacles, however, were not known for fourteen +centuries afterwards. + +In a picture painted by F. Chello della Puera, the Virgin Mary is placed +on a velvet sofa, playing with a cat and a paroquet, and about to help +herself to coffee from an engraved coffee-pot. + +In another, painted by Peter of Cortona, representing the reconciliation +of Jacob and Laban, (now in the French Museum), the painter has +represented a steeple or belfry rising over the trees. A belfry in the +mountains of Mesopotamia, in the time of Jacob! + +N. Poussin's celebrated picture, at the same place, of Rebecca at the +Well, has the whole back-ground decorated with Grecian architecture. + +Paul Veronese placed Benedictine fathers and _Swiss soldiers_ among his +paintings from the Old Testament. + +A painter, intending to describe the miracle of the fishes listening to +the preaching of St. Anthony of Padua, painted the lobsters, who were +stretching out of the water, _red!_ probably having never seen them in +their natural state. Being asked how he could justify this anachronism, +he extricated himself by observing, that the whole affair was a miracle, +and that thus the miracle was made still greater. + +In the Notices des MSS. du Roi VI. 120, in the illuminations of a +manuscript Bible at Paris, under the Psalms, are two persons playing at +cards; and under Job and the Prophets are coats of arms and a windmill. + +Poussin, in his picture of the Deluge has painted boats, not then +invented. St. Jerome, in another place, with a clock by his side; a thing +unknown in that saint's days.--_Nous revenons._ + + * * * * * + + + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER + + * * * * * + +VIRGINIA WATER, + +(_The favourite Retreat of his Majesty_.) + + +Virginia Water was planted, and the lake executed, under the direction of +Paul Sandby, at a time when this part of Windsor Forest was the favourite +residence of Duke William of Cumberland. The artificial water is the +largest in the kingdom, with the single exception of Blenheim; the +cascade is, perhaps, the most striking imitation we have of the great +works of nature; and the grounds are arranged in the grandest style of +landscape-gardening. The neighbouring scenery is bold and rugged, being +the commencement of Bagshot Heath; and the variety of surface agreeably +relieves the eye, after the monotony of the first twenty miles from town, +which fatigues the traveller either upon the Bath or Western roads. At +the time when the public were allowed to visit Virginia Water, the best +point of entrance was at the gate at Bishopsgate; near which very pretty +village, or rather green, the Royal Lodge is at present situated. Shelley, +who had a true eye for the picturesque, resided for some time at this +place; and it would have been difficult for a poet to have found, in any +of the highly cultivated counties of England, a spot so full of the most +exquisite variety of hill and dale, of wood and water,--so fitted to call +forth and cherish the feelings upon which poetry must depend for its +peculiar nurture. + +Bishopsgate is situated about a mile to the right of the western road +from London, after you ascend the hill beyond Egham. To the left, St. +Anne's Hill, the favoured residence of Charles Fox, is a charming object; +and upon the ridge which the traveller ascends, is the spot which has +given a name to Denham's celebrated poem. "Cooper's Hill" is not shut out +from the contemplative searchers after the beauties of nature; and, +however the prospect here may be exceeded by scenes of wider extent, or +more striking grandeur, certainly the _locale_ of the earliest, and +perhaps the best, descriptive poem of our language, is calculated to +produce the warmest feelings of admiration, both for its actual beauty +and its unrivalled associations. From an elevation of several hundred +feet, you look down upon a narrow fertile valley, through which the +Thames winds with surpassing loveliness. Who does not recollect the +charming lines with which Denham describes the "silver river:"-- + + "Oh! could I flow thee, and make thy stream + My great example, as it is my theme; + Though deep, yet clear; though gentle, yet not dull; + Strong without rage; without o'erflowing full." + + +Immediately at your feet is the plain of Runnemede, where the great +battle between John and the Barons was fought; and in the centre of the +river is the little fishing island, where Magna Charta was signed. At the +extremity of the valley is Windsor Castle, rising up in all the pomp of +its massive towers. We recollect the scene as Windsor _was_. Whatever Mr. +Wyattville may have done for its internal improvement, and for its +adaptation to the purposes of a modern residence without sacrificing all +its character of antiquity, we fear that he has destroyed its picturesque +effect in the distant landscape. Its old characteristic feature was that +of a series of turrets rising above the general elevation. By raising the +intermediate roofs, without giving a proportionate height to the towers, +the whole line has become square and unbroken. This was, perhaps, an +unavoidable fault; but it is a fault. + +From Cooper's Hill, the entrance to Virginia Water is a walk of a quarter +of an hour. We were accustomed to wander down a long and close plantation +of pines, where the rabbit ran across with scarcely a fear of man. A more +wild and open country succeeded; and we then followed the path, through +many a "bosky bourn," till we arrived at a rustic bridge, which crossed +the lake at a narrow neck, where the little stream was gradually lost +amongst the underwood. A scene of almost unrivalled beauty here burst +upon the view. For nearly a mile, a verdant walk led along, amidst the +choicest evergreens, by the side of a magnificent breadth of water. The +opposite shore was rich with the heather-bloom; and plantations of the +most graceful trees--the larch, the ash, and the weeping birch ("the lady +of the woods"), broke the line of the wide lake, and carried the +imagination on, in the belief that some mighty river lay beyond that +screening wood. The cascade was at length reached. Cascades are much upon +the same plan, whether natural or artificial; the scale alone makes the +difference. This cascade is sufficiently large not to look like a +plaything; and if it were met with in Westmoreland or Wales, tourists +would dilate much upon its beauties. At this point the water may be +easily forded; and after a walk of the most delicious seclusion, we used +to reach a bold arch, over which the public road was carried. Here have +been erected some of the antique columns, that, a few years ago, were in +the court-yard of the British Museum. + +From this arch a variety of walks, of the most delightful retirement, +present themselves. They are principally bounded with various trees of +the pine tribe, intermingled with laurel and acacia. The road gradually +ascends to a considerable elevation, where there is a handsome building, +called the Belvidere. The road from this spot is very charming. We +descend from this height, through a wild path, by the side of trees of +much more ancient growth than the mass around; and, crossing the high +road, again reach the lake, at a point where its dimensions are ample and +magnificent. About this part a splendid fishing-temple has lately been +erected. Of its taste we can say nothing. + +The common road from Blacknest (the name of this district of Windsor +Forest) to the Royal Lodge is strikingly beautiful. Virginia Water is +crossed by a very elegant bridge, built by Sandby; on one side of it the +view terminates in a toy of the last age--a Chinese temple; on the other +it ranges over a broad expanse of water. The road sometimes reminds one +of the wildness of mountain scenery, and at another turn displays all the +fertility of a peaceful agricultural district. We at length pass the +secluded domain of the Royal Lodge; and when we reach the edge of the +hill, we look upon a vista of the most magnificent elms, and over an +expanse of the most striking forest scenery, with the splendid Castle +terminating the prospect--a monument of past glories, which those who +have a feeling for their country's honour may well uphold and cherish.-- +_London Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + +TEA. + + +The principal article of our commerce with China, namely, tea, is, +perhaps, more singular in its history than any other article of commerce +in the known world. A simple and unsophisticated shrub, in little more +than half a century, has become an article of such general consumption, +that it seems to form one of the prime articles of existence among the +great bulk of mankind. It is the peculiar growth of a country, of which +it forms almost the only link of connexion with the rest of the world. It +forms the source of the largest commercial revenue to the British +Government of any other commodity whatever, and of the largest commercial +profits to the individuals concerned in its importation. Withal, it is +the simplest, the most harmless thing that ever was offered to the +gratification of man,--having, it is believed and argued by many, a moral +influence wherever it is diffused. It is the rallying point of our +earliest associations; it has ever given an additional charm to our +firesides; and tends, perhaps, more than any one thing, to confirm the +pre-existing domestic habits of the British public. Its exhilarating +qualities are eagerly sought after as a restorative and solace from the +effects of fatigue or dissipation; the healthy and the sick, the young +and the old, all equally resort to the use of it, as yielding all the +salutary influence of strong liquors, without their baneful and +pernicious effects. Yet this shrub, so simple and so useful, is delivered +to the community of this country, so surcharged with duties and profits +beyond its original cost, that, did it contain all the mischievous +qualities that are opposed to its real virtues, it could not be more +strictly guarded from general use. + +For the whole of our imports, including factory expenses and commission, +the original cost in China amounts to the sum of two millions sterling. +This is wonderfully increased before the British public can have any +access to the article of consumption; thus:-- + + +1. The value of the Company's importations from China + into Great Britain, as established by their own + statements, is L2,000,000 + +2. On this they charge 100 per cent, for their own + especial benefit 2,000,000 + +3. And the Government duty, as by law established, is + equal to the original cost, and the profits charged + by the company; both forming the _sale price_ 4,000,000 + ---------- + L8,000,000 +_Oriental Herald_. + + * * * * * + + + +DEATH OF YOUNG PARK. + + +It is quite inconceivable with what increased zeal new candidates for +African discovery come forward the moment that the death of any fresh +victim to this pestilential country is announced. To the list of those +who have already fallen, may be added young Park, the son of the late +enterprising Mungo Park, and a midshipman of his majesty's ship Sybille. +He went out in this ship with a full determination to proceed on foot, +and alone, from the coast to the spot where his father perished, in the +hope of hearing some authentic and more detailed account of the +catastrophe than had yet been received. With leave of the commodore, he +set out from Accra, and proceeded as far as Yansong, the chief town of +Acquimbo, distant from the coast about one hundred and forty miles. Here +the natives were celebrating the Yam feast, a sort of religious ceremony, +to witness which Park got up into a Fetish tree, which is regarded by the +natives with fear and dread. Here he remained a great part of the day, +exposed to the sun, and was observed to drink a great quantity of palm +wine. In dropping down from one of the lower branches, he fell on the +ground, and said, that he felt a severe shock in his head. He was that +evening seized with a fever, and died in three days, on the 31st October, +1827. As soon as the king, Akitto, heard of his death, he ordered all his +baggage to be brought to his house, and instantly despatched a messenger +to Accra, first making him swear "by the head of his father," that he +would not sleep till he had delivered the message; it was to inform the +resident of the event, and that all the property of the deceased would be +forthwith sent down to Accra. This was accordingly done, and it did not +appear on examination, that a single article was missing; even an old hat, +without a crown, was not omitted. There was an idle report of Park being +poisoned, for which there appears not the slightest foundation.--_Q. Rev._ + + * * * * * + + +DIRGE + +TO THE MEMORY OF MISS ELLEN GEE, OF KEW, + +_Who died in consequence of being stung in the eye._ + + + Peerless, yet hapless maid of Q! + Accomplish'd LN G! + Never again shall I and U + Together sip our T. + + For, ah! the Fates, I know not Y, + Sent midst the flowers a B, + Which ven'mous stung her in the I, + So that she could not C. + + LN exclaim'd, "Vile, spiteful B! + If ever I catch U + On jess'mine, rosebud, or sweet P, + I'll change your stinging Q. + + "I'll send you, like a lamb or U, + Across the Atlantic C, + From our delightful village Q, + To distant OYE. + + "A stream runs from my wounded I, + Salt as the briny C, + As rapid as the X or Y, + The OIO, or D. + + "Then fare thee ill, insensate B! + Who stung, nor yet knew Y; + Since not for wealthy Durham's C + Would I have lost my I." + + They bear with tears fair LN G + In funeral RA, + A clay-cold corse now doom'd to B, + Whilst I mourn her DK. + + Ye nymphs of Q, then shun each B, + List to the reason Y! + For should a B C U at T, + He'll surely sting your I. + + Now in a grave, L deep in Q, + She's cold as cold can B; + Whilst robins sing upon A U, + Her dirge and LEG. + +_New Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + +LINES SENT WITH A GOOSE. + + + "When this you see, + Remember me," + Was long a phrase in use, + And so I send + To you, dear friend, + My proxy. "What?" A goose! + + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + +SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +CORPORATION LEARNING. + + +At a late meeting of a certain corporation in Dorsetshire, for the +nomination of a person to fill the office of Mayor, a sufficient number +of the burgesses not being in attendance, it was intimated that an +application would be made for a _Mandamus_, when one of "the worthy +electors," being un-"learned in the law," innocently remarked, "I hope +_he_ will come, and then _he'll_ put _un_ all right and make _un_ elect +one." + +Sept. 25, 1828. + +This is not a Joe Miller joke, but one of actual and recent occurrence; +although there is a similar story fathered on a sapient civic authority. + + * * * * * + + +SELLING A WOMAN. + + +The value that was set upon the bond-servants in the West Indies, is +curiously exemplified in the following anecdote:-- + +There was a planter in Barbadoes that came to his neighbour, and said to +him, "Neighbour, I hear you have lately brought good store of servants +out of the last ship that came from England; and I hear withal that you +want provisions. I have great want of a woman servant, and would be glad +to make an exchange. If you will let me have some of your woman's flesh, +you shall have some of my hog's flesh." So the price was set, a groat +a-pound for the hog's flesh, and sixpence for the woman's. The scales were +set up, and the planter had a maid that was extremely fat, lazy, and good +for nothing; her name was Honour. The man brought a great fat sow, and +put it in one scale, and Honour was put in the other. But when he saw how +much the maid outweighed his sow, he broke off the bargain and would not +go on. + + * * * * * + + +SMOKING. + + +Such is the passion for smoking at Hamburgh, that children about ten +years of age may be seen with pipes in their mouths, whiffing with great +gravity and composure. + + * * * * * + + +PUBLIC ROADS. + + +The turnpike-roads of England are above twenty thousand miles in length, +and upwards of a million sterling is annually expended in their repair +and maintenance. + + * * * * * + + +John Bulwer, M.D. was author of many books, the most curious of which +were his "Anthropo Metamorphoses," and "Pathomyotomia." We might conclude +he was of Irish extraction; St. Patrick, the old song says, "ne'er shut +his eyes to complaints," and Bulwer in his "Instructions to the Deaf and +Dumb," tells us they are intended "to bring those who are so born to +_hear_ the sound of words with their _eyes!_"--_Wadd's Memoirs_. + + * * * * * + + +CRANIOLOGY. + + +Philosophy is a very pleasant thing, and has various uses; one is, that +it makes us laugh; and certainly there are no speculations in philosophy, +that excite the risible faculties, more than some of the serious stories +related by fanciful philosophers.--One man cannot think with the left +side of his head; another, with the sanity of the right side judges the +insanity of the left side of his head. Zimmerman, a very grave man, used +to draw conclusions as to a man's temperament, from his _nose!_--not from +the size or form of it, but the peculiar sensibility of the organ; while +some have thought, that the temperature of the atmosphere might be +accurately ascertained by the state of its tip! and Cardan considered +_acuteness of the organ_ a sure proof of genius!--_Ibid_. + + * * * * * + + +WILSON THE PAINTER. + + +The late Mr. Christie, the auctioneer, while selling a collection of +pictures, having arrived at a _chef-d'oeuvre_ of Wilson's, was +expatiating with his usual eloquence on its merits, quite unaware that +Wilson himself had just before entered the room. "This gentlemen, is one +of Mr. Wilson's Italian pictures; he cannot paint anything like it now." +"That's a lie!" exclaimed the irritated artist, to Mr. Christie's no small +discomposure, and to the great amusement of the company; "he can paint +infinitely better." + + * * * * * + + +SCOTCH DEGREE. + + +A few years since, a vain old country surgeon obtained a diploma to +practice, and called on Dr. H----, of Bath, with the important +intelligence. At dinner, the doctor asked his new brother, if the form of +diplomas ran now in the same style as at the early commencement of those +honours? "Pray Sir, what might that form be?" says the surgeon, "I'll +give it to you," replied our Galen, when stepping to his daughter's +harpsichord, he sung the following prophecy of the Witches to _Macbeth_: + + + He must, he must, + He shall, he shall + Spill much more blood + And become worse, + To make his title good. + + +"That, sir, was the true ancient mode of conferring a Scotch degree on Dr. +Macbeth." + +G.J.Y. + + * * * * * + + +THREE FACES. + + + Three faces wears the doctor; when first sought + An angel's--and a god's the cure half wrought; + But when, that cure complete, he seeks his fee, + The devil looks then less terrible than he. + + +This epigram is illustrated by the following conversation, which passed +between Bouvart and a French marquis, whom he had attended during a long +and severe indisposition. As he entered the chamber on a certain occasion, +he was thus addressed by his patient: "Good day to you, Mr. Bouvart; I +feel quite in spirits, and think my fever has left me."--"I am sure of it, +" replied the doctor; "the very first expression you used convinces me of +it."--"Pray explain yourself."--"Nothing more easy; in the first days of +your illness, when your life was in danger, I was your _dearest friend_; +as you began to get better, I was your _good Bouvart_; and now I am Mr. +Bouvart; depend upon it you are quite recovered." + + * * * * * + + +LYING. + + +A Dutch ambassador, entertaining the king of Siam with an account of +Holland, after which his majesty was very inquisitive, amongst other +things told him, that water in his country would sometimes get so hard, +that men walked upon it; and that it would bear an elephant with the +utmost ease. To which the king replied, "Hitherto I have believed the +strange things you have told me, because I looked upon you as a sober, +fair man; but now _I am sure you lie_." + + * * * * * + + +LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS. + +CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand, +near Somerset House. + +The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS. Embellished with nearly 150 +Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards. + +The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s. + +The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &c. Price 2s. + +PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s. boards. + +COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s. 6d. boards. + +COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards. + +The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED Price 5s. +boards. + +BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. Price 7s. boards. + +GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d. + +DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d. + +BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d. + +SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d. + +The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 334 *** + +***** This file should be named 11281.txt or 11281.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/8/11281/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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