diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/11246.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/11246.txt | 1909 |
1 files changed, 1909 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/old/11246.txt b/old/11246.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..768a626 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11246.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1909 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 394, October 17, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 23, 2004 [EBook #11246] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 394 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David King, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. 14, No. 394.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + +LORD GROSVENOR'S GALLERY, PARK LANE. + + +[Illustration: THE GROSVENOR GALLERY, PARK LANE.] + +At the commencement of our Twelfth Volume, we took occasion to allude to +the public spirit of the Earl of Grosvenor, in our description of his +splendid mansion--Eaton Hall, near Chester. We likewise adverted to his +lordship's munificent patronage of the Fine Arts, and to the erection of +the Gallery which forms the subject of the annexed Engraving. + +The Gallery forms the western wing of Lord Grosvenor's spacious town +mansion in Park Lane. It is from the designs of Mr. Cundy, and consists +of a colonnade of the Corinthian order, raised upon a plain joined +stylobate. Over each column of the principal building is an isolated +statue with an attic behind them, after the manner of the ancient +building called by Palladio the Forum Trajan at Rome. On the acroteria +of the building are vases on a balustrade, and between the columns is a +series of blank windows with balustraded balconies and triangular +pediments, which Mr. Elmes thinks are so introduced as to disfigure the +other grand parts of the design. Above these are sunk panels, with swags +or garlands of fruit and flowers. Mr. E. is likewise of opinion that, +"but for the stopped-up windows, and the overpowering and needless +balustrade over the heads of the statues, this building would rank among +the very first in the metropolis; even with these trifling drawbacks, +that can easily be remedied before the whole is completed, it is grand, +architectural, and altogether worthy of its noble proprietor." + +The reader need not be told that the above Gallery has been erected for +the reception of the superb Grosvenor collection, the first effectual +foundation of which was laid by the purchase of the late Mr. Agar's +pictures for 30,000 guineas, and it has since been gradually enlarged +until it has become one of the finest collection in England. It is not +confined to works of the old masters, but embraces the best productions +of some of the most celebrated modern painters. The Earl of Grosvenor +has, for some years, been in the habit of admitting the public in the +months of May and June, to inspect his pictures, under certain +restrictions. + +The Picture Gallery is but a portion of the improvements contemplated by +Lord Grosvenor. The mansion, in the distance of the Engraving is, we +believe, to be rebuilt in a correspondent style with the Gallery, and +the whole when completed, will be one of the most splendid +establishments in the metropolis. + +Indeed, the recent embellishment of several mansions in Park Lane is +already indicative of the improved taste of their distinguished +occupants. A few years since the Lane for the most part consisted of +unsightly brick fronts; but stone and plaster encasements have given it +the appearance of a new neighbourhood. + + * * * * * + + +HENRY JENKINS. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +A table showing the various changes in his religion, which by the +statute were required of Henry Jenkins, of Ellerton-upon-Swale, in the +county of York, in compliance with the principle, that the English +Constitution is essentially identified with the religion of the state, +and making it his bounden duty (as that of every subject) to conform to +it. Henry Jenkins was born in 1501, and died at the age of 169, in 1670. +He consequently was required by law, to adopt the following changes in +his religious creed and practice:-- + + Henry Jenkins + The Constitution should have been + Reigns of being essentially during + +1st from Henry VII. and VIII. Catholic 33 years. + 1501 to 1534 +2nd from Henry VIII. {Between Catholic & } 13 + 1534 to 1547 {Church of England } +3rd from Edward VI Church of England 6 + 1547 to 1553 +4th from Mary Catholic 5 + 1553 to 1558 +5th from {Elizabeth, James I.} Church of England 91 + 1558 to 1649 {Charles I } +6th from Interregnum Fanatic 4 + 1649 to 1654 +7th from Protectorate Presbyterian 7 + 1654 to 1660 +8th from Charles II Church of England 10 + 1660 to 1670 + 169 years, the + age of Henry Jenkins. + +Jenkins was buried at Bolton-upon-Swale. A handsome pyramid marks his +grave, as the oldest Englishman upon record, and in the church is a +monument to his memory, with the following inscription, written by Dr. +Thomas Chapman:-- + + Blush not marble! + To rescue from oblivion + The memory of + Henry Jenkins, + A person obscure in birth, + But of a life truly memorable, + For + He was enriched + With the goods of nature + If not of fortune; + And happy + In the duration + If not variety + Of his enjoyments, + And tho' the partial world + Despised and disregarded + His low and humble state, + The equal eye of Providence + Beheld and blessed it + With a Patriarch's health and length of days + To teach mistaken man + These blessings + Were entailed on temperance, + A life of labour, and a mind at ease. + He lived to the amazing age of + 169 years, + Was interred here the 6th December, + 1670, + And had this justice done to his memory, + 1743. + +ARTHUR EBOR. + + * * * * * + + +VENERATION OF CATS IN ANCIENT DAYS, AND VALUE OF KITTENS, &c. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +The cat was held in high veneration by the ancient Egyptians. When a cat +died in a house, the owner of the house shaved his eye-brows; they +carried the cats when dead into consecrated houses to be embalmed, and +interred them at Bubastis, a considerable city of Lower Egypt. If any +killed a cat, though by accident, he could not escape death. Even in the +present day they are treated with the utmost care in that country, on +account of their destroying the rats and mice. They are trained in some +of the Grecian islands to attack and destroy serpents, with which those +islands abound. + +In the time of Howel Dha, _Howel the Good_, Prince of Wales, who died in +the year 948, laws were made both to preserve and fix the prices of +different animals; among which the cat was included, as being at that +early period of great importance, on account of its scarcity and +utility. The price of a kitten before it could see, was fixed at one +penny; till proof could be given of its having caught a mouse, +two-pence; after which it was rated at four-pence, a great sum in those +days, when the value of specie was extremely high. It was likewise +required, that the animal should be perfect in its senses of hearing and +seeing, should be a good mouser, have its claws whole, and if a female, +be a careful nurse. If it failed in any of these qualifications, the +seller was to forfeit to the buyer the third part of its value. If any +one should steal or kill the cat that guarded the prince's granary, the +offender was to forfeit either a milch ewe, her fleece, and lamb, or as +much wheat as when poured on the cat suspended by its tail, (its head +touching the floor) would form a heap high enough to cover the tip of +the tail. From these circumstances (says Pennant) we may conclude that +cats were not originally natives of these islands, and from the great +care taken to improve and preserve the breed of this prolific creature, +we may with propriety suppose that they were but little known at that +period. + +When Mr. Baumgarten was at Damascus, he saw there a kind of hospital for +cats; the house in which they were kept was very large, walled round, +and was said to be quite full of them. On inquiring into the origin of +this singular institution, he was told that Mahomet, when he once lived +there, brought with him a cat, which he kept in the sleeve of his gown, +and carefully fed with his own hands. His followers in this place, +therefore, ever afterwards paid a superstitious respect to these +animals; and supported them in this manner by public alms, which were +very adequate to the purpose. Browne, in his _History of Jamaica_, tells +us, "A cat is a very dainty dish among the negroes." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +ST. DUNSTAN'S, FLEET STREET. + +_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_ + + +In your account of this church, in No. 388, I perceive you state that +the clock and figures were put up in 1761, whereas I find by reference +to works on this subject, that they were so placed in 1671.[1] + + [1] Occasioned by a transposition of figures. In vol. xi. + referred to in the above page, the date stands 1671. + +There are many curious monuments in this church, and among others, is +the beautiful one to the memory of Sir Richard Hoare, Knt. who was Lord +Mayor of London in the memorable year 1745, at which "alarming crisis," +in the words of the inscription, "he discharged the great trust reposed +in him with honour and integrity, to the approbation of his sovereign +and the universal satisfaction of his fellow citizens." He died in 1754, +and was buried in this church. The monument, which is of marble, +consists of a sarcophagus, above which is a cherub in the act of +crowning a beautiful bust of Sir Richard with a laurel wreath, above is +a shield of arms, within an orb ar. sa. a spread eagle of the first +bearing an escutcheon of pretence ar. a lion ppr. in chief in base a +chev. gu. charged with three escallop shells of the first, impaling a +saltire sa. between four crosses fitche of the same. Crest, a griffin's +head erased ar. An inscription on the base informs us the monument was +restored in 1820, at the expense of the parish, "in testimony of their +grateful sense of obligation to a family whose eminent virtue and +munificence it is intended to perpetuate." + +In the vestry of this church is preserved a finely executed portrait of +the "Virgin Queen," in stained glass; and there is also another window +consisting of the effigy of St. Matthias, but this is not to be compared +with the other for execution. + +A.P.D. + + * * * * * + + +CONSTANTINOPLE. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +One of the finest buildings in Constantinople is a fountain in an open +square, near the seraglio gate; it is a place built and maintained by +the Grand Vizier, for the people to come and draw water, who have it +served out to them in great jugs by people who are constantly in +attendance to fill them; the jugs are chained to the place, and stand in +rows about four feet from the ground, between gilt iron bars in front of +the building. There are men always ready inside to draw the water and +fill the jugs, which till people come are kept full; these men receive a +yearly salary. + +The houses are chiefly built of wood, and reach so far over the top that +in some of the streets it would be very possible to get from the windows +of one house to another across the street. By this manner of building, +any one who has seen the place will not wonder at the frequent and fatal +conflagrations there, for if once a fire break out it must burn till it +comes to some garden or large vacant place to stop at. The Bussard is +the most regular part of the city, and has a number of parallel streets +crossing one another, and covered at the top with planks which keep out +the rain and sun. Here all the richest and finest goods in +Constantinople are put out to show, as a pattern or sample of the +merchants' stock, for sale in their warehouses at home. Every street has +its particular trade, so that there is no mixture of shops as in other +capitals. One street is occupied by goldsmiths, another by silk and +brocade merchants; grocers and tailors have also different streets to +themselves. The city is always shut up at ten at night, so that no one +can have entrance or get out after that time. Indeed there is scarcely +any one in the streets after dusk, for every one then goes to rest, so +that when daylight is gone no business can be transacted; but the people +are obliged to pray every night one hour and a half after dark, when the +priests go up into the towers of the mosques, and in a loud voice call +crowds to prayers in these words:--"God is great; (three times) give +testimony there is but one God, yield yourselves to his mercy, and pray +to him to forgive your sins. God is great (three times more) there is no +other God but God." + +INA. + + * * * * * + + + +THE NOVELIST. + + + * * * * * + + +THE BACHELOR'S REVENGE. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +Mr. Hardingham, or as some of his very intimate friends used to call +him, Jack Hardingham, lived in a dull looking house in ---- Square, his +profession (the law) was dull, his fire and fireside were dull; and as +he sat by the former one dull evening, in the dullest of all his dull +humours, and of such the lonely bachelor had many, he sighed, kicked his +shins, and looked into his books; but as that was like gazing upon a +very ugly face, he shut them again, and rang the bell. It was answered +by a portly dame, whose age might be about some four or five and forty, +whose complexion was fair, whose chubby cheeks were brilliantly rosy, +and whose black eyes were so vividly lustrous, that one might have +fancied the delicate cap-border near them, in danger from their fire. +Over her full-formed bust, she wore a clear, and stiffly-starched muslin +habit-shirt of purest white, a beautiful lace-edged ruff around her +throat, over her ample shoulders was thrown a fawn-coloured shawl, and +she wore also, a silver gray gown of the material called Norwich crape, +with an apron rivalling in whiteness cap, habit-shirt, and ruff. We are +particular in describing the costume of this fair creature, because when +_dress_ is invariably the same, it has unity with _person_; it is +identified with its wearer, and our affections even are caught and +retained by it, in a manner of which few are aware. On the exterior of +the lady whom we have endeavoured to portray, "housekeeper" was as +indelibly stamped as the effigy of our king on the coin of the realm; +and in a most soft and insinuating tone, she said, "Would you be pleased +to want any thing, sir?" + +"Yes, Mrs. Honeydew--go and ask if they can't let me have De Vere." + +"Yes, sir." + +"Or the Chronicles of the Canongate." + +"Yes, sir." + +"Or Anne of Geierstein." + +"Yes, sir." + +"Or the Loves of the Poets." + +"Yes, sir." + +"Or, d'ye hear, hang it, tell Mr. Mason there are seven or eight other +new works, the names of which I have forgotten, and he must recollect." + +"Certainly, sir." + +"Stop, stop--don't be in such a hurry--tell him, he has never ordered +for me the Quarterly, as I desired--that I want to see the United +Service Journal, and Blackwood for the month; and that if he chooses to +charge four pence a night for his new novels, I'll not read one of +them." + +"Of course, sir; I'll tell him, for 'tis a shame, a real shame, for any +body to _repose_ on, as one may say, a gentleman like yourself. Never +fear, but I'll tell him." + +The lady retired, the door closed, and Mr. Hardingham sighed, "A worthy +creature is Martha Honeydew." "Come in," cried the gentleman in a most +amiable tone, as he presently recognised his housekeeper's tap at the +parlour door, and with a curtsey she entered. + +"O law, law! Mr. Hardingham, sir--Mr. Mason says--but I don't like to +give you all his message, indeed I don't--Mr. Mason says--but I hope +you'll never send me on such an _arrant_ again--he says, sir--O but I'm +sorry for it, that I am--he says then, that the _Quarter_ you _ax'd_ +for, ar'n't come yet, and there's time enough for you to read it in when +it _do_; that the Blackwood and the Officers' Magazine are _hout_; that +you may go without your new novels afore he'll let you have 'em +_chaiper_ than other folks, (and there's a shocking shame, sir!) and as +for the works you mentioned, there's fifty new ones at least to choose +from; but he can't remember what you don't be pleased to recollect +yourself. Dear heart! to think of a gentleman like you, sir, being +_trated_ thus; why, my blood _biled_ within me; and I wouldn't demean +myself to bring back any thing for you from that place; but I took the +liberty, sir, to get you 'Damon and Dorinda,' a sweet pretty thing, from +another." + +"Ah!" sighed the bachelor, "I see there's nobody in this world cares for +poor Jack Hardingham, but Martha Honeydew;" and he felt sorry that his +housekeeper had departed ere his lips had emitted this grateful praise. +Yes, Mr. Hardingham felt vexed he scarcely knew why; and uncommonly +discontented he knew not wherefore; but had he troubled himself to +analyze such feelings, he would have discerned their origin to be +solitude and idleness. Mrs. Honeydew brought tea; she had buttered a +couple of muffins superlatively well; and making her master's fire burn +exceedingly bright, placed them on the cat before it, and a kettle, +which immediately commenced a delicate bravura, upon the glowing coals; +then, modestly waiting at the distance of a few paces from her master +until the water quite boiled, she fixed her brilliant eyes upon his +countenance with an expression _intended_ to be _piteous_. + +"Mrs. Honeydew--Martha," said Hardingham in a low querulous tone, "I +fancy I'm going to have a fit of the gout, or a bilious fever." + +"_Fancy_, indeed, sir; why, I never saw you looking haler." + +"Ay, Ay, so much the worse; a fit of apoplexy then maybe." + +"Lauk, lauk! sir; a fit of the blue devils more likely. How can you talk +so? A fit of _perplexity_! Dear, dear! how some men do go on to be +sure;" pouring the steaming water upon the tea. + +"You are a kind comforter, Martha; nobody ever raises my spirits like +you. Get me my little leathern trunk." + +"Why, then, that I won't;" getting it down from a closet-shelf as she +spoke. "I wish it was burnt with all my heart, that I do; making you so +_lammancholy_ as it always _do_." + +And well might this trunk make Mr. Hardingham melancholy, for it was the +receptacle of letters and little gifts of a lady who had jilted him in +early life; and upon whom he had often vowed vengeance. She was yet +unmarried; but--no--her once devoted admirer was resolved to follow the +lady's advice, and place his "affections upon a worthier object than +Caroline Dalton;" and, thought he to himself, she shall at last see that +I have _found one_; nor shall wild Tom, my graceless nephew, who lives +upon my fortune, ever more touch one penny of it. The postman rapped, +and in a few minutes his housekeeper appeared with many apologies for +bringing to him her own newspaper, but perhaps in it he might be able to +find the names of some of the new novels that he wished to have. + +"Martha Honeydew," cried Hardingham with a smile, the first he had +sported that week, "I am, as you know, a man of but few words, and +straight-forward in my dealings; say that you can fancy me, and I'll +marry you tomorrow." + +Mrs. Honeydew's reply will be surmised; Caroline Dalton saw who was +preferred before her, and the bachelor's revenge ruined wild Tom; for +Hardingham settled all his property upon his wife, and a pretty life the +amiable creature led him. + +M.L.B. + + * * * * * + + + +RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS. + + + * * * * * + + +LETTER OF LORD STRAFFORD. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +The following is literally copied from an original autograph of the +unfortunate Lord Strafford, and may prove interesting to your numerous +readers. + +C.J.T. + +"_Sweete Harte_.--It is _longe_ since I _writt_ unto you, for I am here +in such a _troubel_ as gives _mee_ little or _noe respett_. The +_chardge_ is now _cum in_, and I am now _abel_ I _prayse_ God, to +_telle_ you that I _conceaue_ there is nothing _capitall_, and for the +_reste_ I _knowe_ at the _worste_ his _maty_ will _pardonne_ all without +hurting my fortune, and then _wee_ shall be _happie_ by God's grace. +Therefore _comfortt_ yourself, for I trust these _cloudes_ will away and +_thate wee_ shall have _faire weathere afterwarde_. + +"Fare well, your _lovinge husbande_, +"Tower of _Londonne_, + +"STRAFFORDE. + +"4th Feb. 1640. + +"My Wife." + + * * * * * + + + +STONE PILLARS AND CROSSES. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +It appears from the accounts of the earliest historians, that single +stones, or rude pillars were raised on various occasions, in the most +remote ages. Of these we have frequent notices in the Old Testament, as +of that raised by Jacob at Lug, afterwards named Bethel; a pillar was +also raised by him at the grave of Rachel. The Gentiles set up pillars +for idolatrous purposes. The Paphians worshipped their Venus under the +form of a white pyramid, and the Brachmans the great God under the +figure of a little column of stone. Many large stones are found at this +day in Wales and Cornwall, which are supposed to have been raised by the +Phoenicians and Grecians, who frequently resorted thither for tin and +other metals. + +In Ireland some of these large stones have crosses cut on them, supposed +to have been sculptured by Christians, out of compliance with Druidical +prejudices, that the converts from Paganism not easily diverted from +their reverence for these stones, might pay them a kind of justifiable +adoration, when thus appropriated to the use of Christian memorials, by +the sign of the Cross. Some signs of adoration are at this day paid to +such stones, in the Scottish Western Isles; they are called _bowing +stones_. In the Isle of Barra there is one about seven feet high, and +when the inhabitants come near, they take a religious turn round it, +according with ancient Druidical custom. + +Stones were raised also as memorials of _civil contracts_; as by Jacob, +in his contract with Laban, when the attendants of the latter raised a +heap, to signify their assent to the treaty. Those conical, pyramidal, +and cylindric stones, perpendicularly raised, which are seen in the +British Isles, were formerly introduced in general, to ascertain the +boundaries of districts. On these, representations of the crucifixion +were frequently cut, and the name of crosses were given to the boundary +stones in general, though remaining without this symbol. Many instances +might be given of these termini. At High Cross, on the intersection of +the Watling Street and Foss Roman roads, there was formerly a pillar +which marked the limits of Warwickshire and Leicestershire--the present +column is of modern date; another distinguished the boundaries of +Asfordby and Frisby, in the latter county. One at Crowland, in the +county of Lincoln, the inscription on which has caused considerable +dispute amongst antiquarians, has been much noticed. A famous one near +Landoris, in Fifeshire, placed, as Camden says, as a boundary between +the districts of Fife and Stathern, was also a place of sanctuary. + +Stone pillars, or crosses were also raised to record remarkable events; +as where a battle had been fought, or over persons of distinction slain +therein. Crosses were likewise erected where any particular instance of +mercy had been shown by the Almighty, or where any person had been +murdered by robbers, or had met with a violent death; where the corpse +of any great person had rested on its way to interment, as those +splendid ones erected by Edward I. in memory of his beloved Queen +Elinor; often in churchyards, and in early times at most places of +public concourse; in market-places, perhaps to repress all idea of undue +gain or extortion; and at the meeting of four roads. + +Penances were often finished at crosses. Near Stafford stood one called +_Weeping Cross_, from its being a place designated for the expiation of +penances, which concluded with weeping and other signs of contrition. A +great number of sepulchral crosses were erected in Great Britain and +Ireland, soon after prayers for the dead came into use, by the desire of +individuals, at their places of interment, to remind pious people to +pray for their souls. + +The ancient practice of consecrating Pagan antiquities to religious +purposes, has been continued to times comparatively modern; thus, Pope +Sixtus V. purified the Antonine column and that of Trajan, dedicating +them to St. Peter and St. Paul, whose statues, of a colossal size, he +placed on their summits. Succeeding Popes followed these examples, +dedicating ancient columns, pillars, and obelisks to different Saints +and Apostles. + +A CORRESPONDENT. + + * * * * * + + + +NOTES OF A READER. + + * * * * * + + +THE LONDON UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE, + +No. 1. + + +It is seldom that we "turn critics;" but our very bile rises at the +ill-timed dedication of this work to the King, as the "first fruits of +the combined exertions of a few of your majesty's subjects, educated +within the GROSSLY misrepresented UNIVERSITY of LONDON." It is quite +unnecessary for us to explain _why_ this Dedication deserves the epithet +we have chosen: it stands with the signature of "the Proprietors," and +we hope is not the act of the editors; but for the credit of the +University, the publishers, the proprietors, and editors, we recommend +their friends to cancel the leaf bearing this very offensive +inscription, whether they care or not for the golden opinions of all +sorts of people. + +If the present Number be a fair sample of the _London University +Magazine_, we can promise the reader but little amusement in our "Notes" +from its pages. It may prove useful enough to the students of the +University, but it wofully lacks the attractive features of a Magazine +for the public; it may suit the library-table, but not the "excellent +coffee room," or the "retired cigar room" of the University Hotel. "On a +general Judgment--A new System of communicating Scientific Information +in a Tabular form--On the Study of the Law and Medicine--On Apoplexy," +and the general business of the University, are very grave matters for +little more than 100 pages. "On the Metamorphosis of Plants," by Goethe, +is more attractive; but Magazine readers do not want the lumber of law +and medicine--the dry material of parchment, or the blood and filth of +the physiological chair. How different too, is all this from the +pleasantry and attic wit of "_The Etonian_," into whose volumes we still +dip with undiminished gratification. + +As we have enumerated the least attractive of the papers in the London +University Magazine, we ought also to run over the lighter portions of +its pages. These are "A young head, and, what is still better, a young +heart,"--discursive enough--"A Tale of the Irish Rebellion--the Guerilla +Bride, a Poem," beginning + + "It is a tale of Spain--Romantic Spain!" + +--and a Sketch of the Irish Exchequer Court. A description of the +University, with a Vignette view, and ground plan, is perhaps, the most +interesting of the whole Number; but as dramatic critics sometimes say +of a new performer, we had rather see him in another character before we +form an estimate of his talents--so we wait for better things from the +London University Magazine. + + * * * * * + + +THE EDINBURGH JOURNAL OF NATURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE, No. 1. + + +We expected much from the announcement of this work, and are not +disappointed in its first Number. It contains original +papers--scientific Reviews--geographical and natural History +Collections--and an abundance of scientific intelligence--somewhat on +the plan of Mr. Loudon's excellent Magazines. We have not at present +room for extract; but the Number before us will furnish several +interesting Notes for a portion of our next publication. _A Tour in the +Island of Jersey_ is one of the most amusing articles we have read for +some time, and we hope to abridge it for our columns. + + * * * * * + + +THE FOREIGN REVIEW. + + +The Eighth Number of this valuable Journal is just published, and its +table of contents is exceedingly attractive. Among these are +Phrenology--a characteristic article on Germany--the French and Italian +Drama--anecdotical papers on Napoleon and General Jackson and the United +States of America, and the History of the Cid. Ours will be a pleasing +task to "note" through this Number. + + * * * * * + + +UNPUBLISHED LINES ON DR. JOHNSON. + +_By the late Dr. Wolcot. (Peter Pindar.)_ + + + I own I like not Johnson's turgid style, + That gives an inch the importance of a mile; + Casts of manure a wagon-load around + To raise a simple daisy from the ground; + Uplifts the club of Hercules--for what?-- + To crush a butterfly or brain a gnat; + Creates a whirlwind from the earth to draw + A goose's feather or exalt a straw; + Sets wheels on wheels in motion--such a clatter! + To force up one poor nipperkin of water; + Bids ocean labour with tremendous roar, + To heave a cockle-shell upon the shore. + Alike in every theme his pompous art, + Heaven's awful thunder, or a rumbling cart! + +_New Monthly Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + +GAS LIGHTS. + + +We have now been so long accustomed to this new light in the streets, +that, like all other terrene goods, we have almost become insensible to +its blessings. Yet let him who desires to know what he owes to chemistry +and "Old Murdoch," turn into any of the streets still lighted with oil, +and then come back to the nocturnal day of the Strand or Pall Mall. The +parish oil lamps were like light-houses on the ocean; guides, not +lights; the gas has become a perpetual full moon; and it may assuredly +be pronounced one of the most splendid and valuable applications of +chemistry. Why has not old Murdoch his statue? He deserves it even +better than his master; for the master was well paid in solid pudding. +In other days, that statue would have equalled the Colossus at Rhodes, +and the demi-philosopher would have breathed flame like the Chimera; in +the fabulous ages before that, he would have come down to us a god, or a +demi-god, the rival of Prometheus, Hercules, and Atlas. Why not cast him +in Achillean brass, the rival of the great hero of gunpowder and +Waterloo, and make him breathe gas like the Dragon of Wantley, to +illuminate the triumphal arch. Ingrata Patria! + +The new light! yes, much has been heard of its power and influence; but +what has the new light of all the preachers done for the morality and +order of London, compared to what has been effected by this new light. +Old Murdoch alone, has suppressed more vice than the Suppression +Society; and has been a greater police officer into the bargain than old +Colquhoun and Sir Richard Birnie united. It is not only that men are +afraid to be wicked when light is looking at them, but they are ashamed +also; the reformation is applied to the right place. Where does vice +resort? Where it can hide; in darkness, says the preacher, because its +deeds are deeds of darkness. Seek it in Pudding-lane, and Dyot-street, +and the abysses of Westminster. Why was not this new light preached to +them long ago: twenty bushels of it would have been of more value than +as many chaldrons of sermons, and taking even the explosions of the +inspector into the bargain. But it is well, that this is at length to be +compulsory; since it is never too late. Thieves and rogues are like +moths in blankets: bring the sun to shine on them, and they can neither +live nor breed. Let the Duke of Wellington place a gas-lamp at every +door of these infernal abodes; and since they cannot be smoked out, make +their houses as much like glass, on the principle of the old Roman, as +we can compass. This is the remedy; at least till common sense will +condescend to the better expedient of pulling down and laying open all +these retreats of misery and vice; the disgrace and the nuisance of +London, and not less a standing inhumanity to the poor +themselves.--_Westminster Review._ + + * * * * * + + +CAPE WINES. + + +The commerce at the Cape is wine; and the vine has already increased +tenfold, since the colony became British. But unfortunately more +attention has been hitherto paid to quantity than to quality, except on +the farms which yield Constantia. The latter have an eastern exposure, +and are sheltered from the south-west, the only injurious blast. The +soil being a deposit from the neighbouring mountains, is light, but +enriched by manure. The subsoil, which is even more important, is still +lighter, being mixed with sand and broken stone; on the contrary, in +Drachenstein, where the chief vineyards are at present, the subsoil +being clay, the wine receives an unpleasant flavour, the idea of which +is inseparably associated with the very name of Cape wine. It is +unnecessary to enter into the subject of its manufacture. If the subsoil +be bad, so will the wine be. The vine does not require a rich subsoil. +In Italy, flags are laid to prevent the roots from penetrating into +clay; and in England, rubbish is thrown in to make a subsoil that shall +not be so rich as to produce leaves, instead of fruit. It would be +advantageous were premiums offered for wine that had not been produced +from clay of subsoil, but had been reared in trellis, as requiring less +labour than the standard, and made on a pure and good system, instead of +being mixed with Cape brandy, or sulphuric acid, &c. Notwithstanding all +these disadvantages, Cape wine is generally sold in England under the +names, and at the prices, of Madeira, Sherry, Teneriffe, Stem, Pontac, +and above all, Hock.--_Gill's Repository._ + + * * * * * + + +A VIEW OF LONDON. + + +The finest view in London is from the top of Whitehall Place, looking +towards the river; but then you must see it as I did, at the same hour, +and under similar circumstances. + +It was about a fortnight since I beheld that memorable spectacle. I was +on my way home, having dined with a friend, who, though not an habitual +votary of Bacchus, occasionally sacrifices to the god with intense and +absorbing zeal. After dinner we adjourned to the Opera, having only +determined to renew at supper our intimacy with certain flasks of +Champagne, which lay in their icy baths coolly expecting our return. We +carried our determination into effect to the fullest extent; and at +half-past three o'clock we parted, deeply impressed with a sense of each +other's good qualities, and with as keen and lively an appetite for the +sublime and beautiful as an X of Champagne[2] usually imparts to its +warm-hearted admirers. My way led me through Whitehall, at least I found +myself there, as "Charles," the guardian of the night, was announcing +the fourth hour. As my good fortune would have it, I happened to look +towards the river, and never, while memory holds her seat, shall I +forget the sight which presented itself. Six distinct St. Pauls lifted +themselves through the cloudless morning air (so pure, that the smoke of +a single cigar would defile it: I extinguished mine in awe) towards the +blue transparent sky; nearer, and beneath this stately city of temples, +were four Waterloo Bridges, piling their long arcades in graceful and +harmonious regularity one above the other, with the chaste and lofty +symmetry of a mighty aqueduct; while far away, in the dim distance, a +dome of gigantic dimensions was faintly visible, as if presiding over +the scene, linking shadow and substance, uniting the material with the +intellectual world, like the realization of a grand architectural dream. +Talk not to me of the Eternal City--in her proudest days of imperial +magnificence she could not furnish such a view--thrice be that Champagne +lauded!--_Monthly Magazine._ + + [2] _Reader_--What does he mean by an X of Champagne? + + _Editor_--An unknown quantity, you fool. + + * * * * * + + +NEW YORK. + + +The distant view of New York, almost free from smoke, is singularly +bright and lively; in some respects it refreshes a recollection of the +sea-bound cities of the Mediterranean. The lower parts of the interior, +next to the warehouses, resemble Liverpool; but the boast of the city is +Broadway, a street that, for extent and beauty, the Trongate of Glasgow, +which it somewhat resembles in general effect, alone excels. The style +of the Trongate is, if the expression may be used, of a more massy and +magnificent character, but there is a lightness in that of Broadway +which most people will prefer. Those who compare the latter with +Oxford-street, in London, do it injustice; for, although the shops in +Oxford-street display a richer show of merchandize, the buildings are +neither of equal consequence nor magnitude. Regent-street in London, is +of course always excepted from comparisons of this kind. + +The portico of the Bowery Theatre is immeasurably the finest _morceau_ +of architecture in the city. It resembles that of Covent-Garden, but +seems to be nobler and greater; and yet I am not sure if, in point of +dimensions, it is larger, or so large as that of Covent-Garden. The only +objection to it--and my objection is stronger against the London +theatre--is the unfitness. In both cases, the style and order are of the +gravest Templar character, more appropriate to the tribunals of criminal +justice, than to the haunts of Cytherea and the Muses.--_New Monthly +Mag._ + + * * * * * + + +THE TRUE FORNARINA. + + +The account of a journey which was taken in the year 1664, by Cosmo, the +son of Ferdinand II. de Medici, was written at the time, by Philip +Pizzichi, his travelling chaplain. This work was published for the first +time at Florence, about seven months ago. It contains some curious +notices of persons and things, and among them, what will interest every +lover of the fine arts. It is this--speaking of Verona, he mentions the +Curtoni gallery of paintings, and says, "The picture most worthy of +attention is the lady of Raffaello, so carefully finished by himself, +and so well preserved that it surpasses every other." The editor of +these travels has satisfactorily shown that Raffaelo's lady here +described is the true Fornarina; so that of the three likenesses of her +said to be executed by this eminent artist, the genuine one is the +Veronese, belonging to the Curtoni gallery, now in the possession of a +lady Cavellini Brenzoni, who obtained it by inheritance.--_Monthly +Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + +ITALIAN SCENERY. + + +Happy is the man, who, leaving the Alps behind him, has the plains of +Lombardy on his right hand and on his left, the Apennines in view, and +Florence as the city towards which he directs his steps. His way is +through a country where corn grows under groves of fruit trees, whose +tops are woven into green arcades by thickly-clustering garlands of +vines; the dark masses of foliage and verdure which every where appear, +melt insensibly, as he advances, into a succession of shady bowers that +invite him to their depths; the scenery is monotonous, and yet ever +various from the richness of its sylvan beauty, possessing all the +softness of forest glades without their gloom. Towards Bologna, the +landscape roughens into hills, which grow into Apennines, but Arcadia +still breathes from slopes and lawns of tender green, which take their +rise in the low stream-watered valleys, and extend up the steep ascent +till met midway by the lofty chestnut groves which pale them in. To +these gentler features succeeds the passage of the Apennines, which +here, at least, are not as the author of "Italy as it Is," describes +them, "the children of the Alps--smiling and gentle and happy as +children should be," but, as we remember them, their summits form +themselves into a wild, dreary region, sown with sterile mountain-tops, +and torn to pieces by wind and storm; the only glimpse of peace is +derived from the view on either side of the sea, which sometimes shows +itself on the horizon, a misty line, half silver, half ether. This +barren wilderness again softens into gracefully-swelling hills turned +towards Florence. The fair olive tree and the dark cypress mingle their +foliage with the luxuriant chestnut boughs, and the frequent marble +villa flashes a white gleam from amid its surrounding laurel bowers. The +sky is more beautiful than earth, and each symbolize peace and serene +enjoyment.--_Westminster Review._ + + * * * * * + + +MUSICAL MARVEL. + + +One of the most amusing stories in ancient history, of the successful +and happy use of fine music, is told of Arion, who, when about to be +thrown overboard by some mutinous sailors, begged leave to sing to his +lute one funeral strain before his death. Having obtained leave, he +stood upon the prow with his instrument, chanted with a loud voice his +sweetest elegy, and then threw himself into the sea. A dolphin, as the +story goes, charmed with his music, swam to him while floating on the +waves, bore him on his back, and carried him safely to Cape Taenarus, in +Sparta, from whence he went to Corinth. It would have been well for the +mutineers if their taste for music had been as great as the dolphin's, +for the history not only affords a grand instance of the power of music, +but of retributive justice, as the sailors accidentally going to +Corinth, paid the penalty of their evil intentions with their lives. + + * * * * * + + +POPULATION OF AUSTRALIA. + + +Mr. Martin mentions a very curious fact. The increase of population, he +says, has been most rapid, and is to be accounted for by the number of +females born, the proportion being, with regard to males, as three to +one! The great preponderating number of females brought forth among +domesticated animals, will account for the countless herds of cattle +which overspread the colony.--_New Monthly Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + + + * * * * * + + +THE BLACK LADY OF ALTENOeTTING. + + +With the exception of the shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne, there +exists throughout Germany no spot of greater sanctity, no altar of +richer endowments, than the Chapel of the Black Lady, on the frontier of +Bavaria. The hearts of its sovereign electors have been deposited, from +century to century, within the consecrated cells; nor is there an +historic event, involving the interests of their own, or the adjacent +kingdoms, which is not supposed to have been influenced by her potent +interposition. A sufficient history, in fact, of the destinies of the +whole empire, might be recorded in a mere catalogue of the national +offerings to the shrine of Altenoetting. + +In rambling through the eastern provinces of Bavaria, some few springs +ago, I chanced to arrive one glowing afternoon at the post-house of an +inconsiderable town; which, from the grass-grown tranquillity of its +streets, and from a peculiar air of self-oblivion, appeared to be +basking fast asleep in the sunshine. There was little to admire in the +common-place character of its site, or the narrow meanness of its +distribution; yet there was something peculiar in its look of dreamy +non-identity; and had it not been for the smiling faces of the +fair-haired Bavarian girls, who were to be seen glancing here and there, +with their embroidered purple bodices and coifs, and silver-chained +stomachers, I could believe myself to have reached some enchanted realm +of forgetfulness. + +As I entered the Platz, or market-square, of the little town, chiefly +with a view to the nearer inspection of the cunning workmanship of the +aforesaid carcanets of silver, a light sprinkling of April rain began to +moisten the pavement--one of those unheard, unseen, revivifying showers, +which weep the earth into freshness, and the buds into maturity. I was +anxious, however, to withdraw my mere human nature from participation in +these herbaceous advantages; and looking about for some shelter which +might preserve me from the mischiefs of the shower, without depriving me +of its refreshing fragrance, I espied in the centre of the Platz--a +square of no mighty area--a low, rotunda-like building, with slated +roof, overhanging and resting upon wooden pillars, so as to form a sort +of covered walk. + +I settled with myself that this was the market-house of the town, and +hastened to besiege so desirable a city of refuge. But during my rapid +approach, I observed that the external walls of the nameless edifice +beneath the arcade were covered, and without a single interstitial +interval, by small pictures in oil-colours, equal in size, and equal in +demerit, and each and all representing some calamitous crisis of human +existence--a fire, a ship-wreck, a boat-wreck, a battle, a leprosy! It +occurred to me at the same moment, that this gallery of mortal +casualties and afflictions must be a collection of votive offerings, and +that the seeming market-house was, probably, a shrine of especial +sanctity. And so it was!--the shrine of "The Black Lady of Altenoetting." + +Instigated by somewhat more than a traveller's vague curiosity, I +entered the chapel; the brilliancy of which, eternally illuminated by +the reflection of a profusion of silver lamps upon the thousand precious +objects which decorate the walls, forms a startling contrast with the +dim shadows of the external arcade. In most cases, the entrance to a +religious edifice impresses the mind with a consciousness of vastness, +and a sensation of awe:-- + + "------the tombs + And monumental caves of death look cold, + And strike an aching dullness to the breast." + +But the chapel of the Black Virgin is diminutive as a boudoir, and yet +retains the usual character of listening and awful stillness, the +ordinary impression of local sanctity. A few peasants were seen kneeling +in utter immobility and self-abstraction beneath a lamp, which seemed to +issue in a crimson flame from a colossal two-fold silver heart, +suspended from the ceiling--their untutored minds were elevated into the +belief of a heavenly commune. + +In a glass case above the altar, is deposited this far-famed effigy of +the Holy Galilean virgin--a hideous female negro, carved in wood, and +holding an infant Jesus in her arms of the same hue and material; and +exhibited in its extremity of ugliness by the reflected glare of the +silver and diamonds, and gems of every description, by which she is +surrounded. Chests, mimic altars, models of ships, crowns and sceptres, +chalices and crosses of gold and silver and enamel, and enriched with + + Turkish blue and emerald green, + +and every jewel of every land, lie amassed in gorgeous profusion in the +adjoining cases, and seemed to realize the fabled treasures of the +preadamite Sultans. Boasting themselves as gifts of gratitude or +invocation from emperors and popes, kings, princes, palsgraves, and all +the other minor thrones and dominions of the earth, these splendid +offerings form the most plausible illustration of the miraculous power +attributed to the image of the Black Lady, which has been deposited in +its actual abode since the year of Grace 696. In the course of the +Thirty Years' War, this important relic and its treasury were twice +removed into the city of Salzburg, for security from the Swedish +invaders; and twice brought back in solemn triumph to their ancient +sanctuary. + +But a mightier charm than that of gems or metals, the most precious or +the most beautiful, connects itself with the chapel of Altenoetting--its +association with historical names of all ages, from Charlemagne and Otto +of Wittelsbach, whose monuments we find inscribed in Runic characters, +to Pius the Sixth, whose dedication, "O clemens, O pia Virgo +Oettingana!" is graven in a "fine Roman hand." It contains sepulchral +vaults of the families of Wallenstein, Tilly, Montecuculi, besides those +of divers electors, archbishops, and archdukes, whose titles speak far +less stirringly to the heart; altogether forming an illustration of the +past, which brings the dark ages in living majesty before our eyes. + +Alternately dazzled and disgusted by this fruitless waste of splendour, +this still more fruitless waste of national credulity, I was pondering +over the domestic virtues of a certain "Franziska Barbara, Countess of +Tilly," as recorded over her grave, when the chants of the priests, who +had been engaged in the celebration of mass before the altar, suddenly +ceased; and, as the last fumes of the incense circled upwards to the +blackened roof, there arose another and a solitary voice, evidently of +lay intonation, and deepened by that persuasive earnestness of devotion +which, like an electric chain, connects in holy feeling all sects of the +Christian church. It spoke in the fulness of gratitude, and in the +humbleness of prayer; and although the dialect was tinged with village +barbarism, and its thankfulness addressed to the Black Virgin, I heard +in its simple solemnity only the beauty of holiness; and, overlooking +the visible shrine, beheld in its ultimate object the tribunal of divine +mercy! + +The devout speaker was one of a peasant family who had entered the +chapel unobserved, during my contemplation of its glittering +decorations. He was apparently a Bavarian farmer, somewhat advanced in +years, and wearing, in addition to his richly-substantial holiday +attire, a deep green shade over his eyes, which accounted for the +character of his thanksgivings to the miraculous image. "I thank thee, O +most benign and saintly Maria!" had been the tenour of his prayer, "for +the scattered and glorious gifts of Heaven, which had become as vain +things to my soul, till thy grace renewed them in its knowledge. I thank +thee for the summer skies and the green pastures--for the footsteps +which no longer crave a helping hand--for the restored faces of my +beloved ones--and, above all, O holiest Virgin! I glorify thy name in +gratitude for the precious means by which the blessing of sight hath +been again vouchsafed me!" + +This last mode of expression excited my curiosity, and when the little +group of votaries had concluded their ceremonies, had affixed their +consecrated tapers at the shrine, and deposited their oblations with its +officiating priests, I followed their joyful footsteps out of the +chapel, and was again struck by the delicious transition from the heated +and incense-laden atmosphere of its interior, to the pure, balmy April +air without, gushing with the sweetness of the passing shower. + +The ceremonies of the day were still far from their conclusion. The +historical painter of Altenoetting was in attendance in the arcade, +bearing the votive picture which was to perpetuate the latest miracle of +the Black Lady; and as far as I could observe or ascertain of the +sacerdotal hangman of the consecrated gallery, the oldest and most +weather-stained of the pictures was made to yield precedence to the new +comer. Having profited by a stranger's privilege, and the English garb, +which is held as sacred as a herald's tabard in many a foreign land, to +unite myself to the little group, and address some casual inquiries to +its frank and overjoyous members--old Philipp Stroer himself, the hero +of the day, deigned to take the picture from the hands of the sacristan, +and to ciceronize for my especial edification. I trust his restored +vision was not yet sufficiently acute to admit of his noting the smile +which, in spite of my better will, stole over my face, as I contemplated +the phenomenon of bad taste, and worse execution, which he thrust upon +my observation. It represented his worthy but very unpicturesque self in +the hands of an oculist, and the endurance of a cataract. The eyes of +his surrounding family were fixed with eager interest upon the event of +the operation. "And what," said I, anxious to make some sympathy in this +domestic crisis--"and what is the name of the surgeon whose efforts have +been blessed by the protection of the Black Lady?" + +"The surgeon!" + +"Yes; the oculist who is represented in the picture." + +"That, sir, is no oculist, no surgeon; it is my Karl, sir, my beloved +son!" I shall never forget the voice, struggling with emotion, in which +the old man pronounced the words "_mein sohn_!" + +The story of that son was one of deep, though humble interest. Trained +in the agricultural habits of his forefathers, and destined to succeed +to the laborious honours of the Stroerische farm, young Karl, to whom +his gray-haired father was an object of the fondest and most reverential +affection, beheld with horror the gradual advances of the disease which +was about to render the remaining years of life a burden to the +sightless man. With the fractiousness of advancing age and growing +infirmity, old Philipp obstinately refused to seek the assistance of any +learned leech of the country round. Brannau and Burchhausen boasted each +of a chirurgic wonder, but Stroer misdoubted or defied their skill. "His +frail body," he said, "was in the hands of a heavenly Providence, to +which, as might best beseem, he bequeathed its guidance." Meanwhile, the +perilous uncertainty of his footing, and the growing isolation of his +existence, became more and more perceptible, when one day, just as an +acknowledgement of "total eclipse" had fallen from his quivering lips, +the prop and stay of his household, his beloved son Karl was missing +from the farm! The first moment of uncertainty touching his destinies +was a trying one, but it was also brief. A few days brought a letter +from Munich, in which the absconded son implored his father's +forgiveness, forbearance, and patience, during some ensuing months. +Time, he wrote, might alone explain the motives of duty which had caused +his apparent error. + +Patience is a difficult virtue to the sick and the unhappy. The blind +man, pining for his absent Karl, had need of all his trust in the +excellence of his favourite child: at times, misdoubtings naturally +arose; for the few months lengthened into seven, eight--eleven--a whole +year, and the wanderer came not again. + +At length, one autumn evening, a general shriek from the little +household apprized Philipp Stroer of some unwonted occurrence, and +straightway a voice demanded his blessing, and warm tears were wept upon +his hand, and he knew that his son was at his feet! The story of Karl's +absence was briefly and feelingly explained. Moved by his father's +obstinate aversion to place himself in the hands of a strange +practitioner, he had resolved to qualify himself for so precious a +charge; and having interested an eminent surgeon of Munich by the detail +of his affecting anxieties sufficiently to insure his instructions in +the single branch of surgery requisite for his purpose, Karl had passed +his days in infirmaries and hospitals, denying himself the common +sustenance of nature, in order to maintain the respectability of garb +necessary for his admittance to the lectures of his scientific +preceptor. At length, his ardent endeavours were rewarded by a +certificate of expertness; and a patent of nobility would have afforded +him a far less gratifying excitement. Nor did Heaven withhold its +blessing from a cause thus hallowed by filial devotion; the operation, +which quickly followed his arrival at the farm, was attended with +perfect success. For some days, indeed, the old man still maintained his +resistance; but when he was assured that Karl had preceded his departure +for Munich by a pilgrimage to Altenoetting, and that the especial favour +of the Black Lady had sanctified his undertaking, he became more +passive--the result was a perfect restoration to sight. + +"And where," I exclaimed, "is this excellent, this worthy Karl of yours +at present?" + +"By your side," replied a chorus of voices; and following their +indication, I turned towards a young man of sturdy appearance, who +acknowledged my salute with prompt and open frankness. He wore the +common peasant costume of the country, and laughed away my honest +praises as a mere exaggeration. "I had nothing to fear from my absence," +said he, looking towards a very beautiful girl who stood beside him, +"for I was secure of the good faith of my Hannchen, and I knew that the +Black Lady would bless my enterprise!" + +I could not presume to despise this strange union of intelligence and +bigotry; nay, so intimately is the remembrance of the family of Stroer +connected in my mind with that of the miraculous idol, that I must +acknowledge some sort of lingering superstitious reverence towards the +shrine of the Black Virgin of Altenoetting.--_New Monthly Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + +THE RIVER. + + + River, River, little River, + Bright you sparkle on your way, + O'er the yellow pebbles dancing, + Through the flowers and foliage glancing, + Like a child at play. + + River, River, swelling River, + On you rush o'er rough and smooth-- + Louder, faster, brawling, leaping + Over rocks, by rose-banks sweeping, + Like impetuous youth. + + River, River, brimming River, + Broad and deep and _still_ as Time, + Seeming _still_--yet still in motion, + Tending onward to the ocean, + Just like mortal prime. + + River, River, rapid River, + Swifter now you slip away; + Swift and silent as an arrow, + Through a channel dark and narrow, + Like life's closing day. + + River, River, headlong River, + Down you dash into the sea; + Sea, that line hath never sounded, + Sea, that voyage hath never rounded, + Like eternity. + +_Blackwood's Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + + +The Anecdote Gallery. + + + * * * * * + + +YOUTH OF MOZART. + +_Abridged from the Foreign Quarterly Review._ + + +When we bring into one view all the qualifications of Mozart as a +composer and practical musician, the result is astounding. The same man, +under the age of thirty-six, is at the head of dramatic, sinfonia, and +piano-forte music--is eminent in the church style--and equally at his +ease in every variety, from the concerto to the country dance or baby +song: he puts forth about 800 compositions, including masses, motetts, +operas, and fragments of various kinds; at the same time supporting +himself by teaching and giving public performances, at which he executes +concertos on the piano-forte, the violin, or the organ, or plays +_extempore_. But when we learn that the infant Mozart, at four years of +age, began to compose, and by an instinct perception of beauty to make +correct basses to melodies; and also that he became a great performer on +two instruments, without the usual labour of practice, we cease to be +surprised at the mechanical dexterity of his fingers in after-life, when +composition and other pursuits had engrossed the time usually employed +in preserving the power of execution. + +The father of Mozart held the situation of Vice Kapell-meister and +violinist in the chapel of the archbishop of Salzburg. In the service of +this haughty and ignorant nobleman, (who appears to have been a complete +feudal tyrant, and to have represented all the pride and insolence for +which the then beggarly-princes of Germany were remarkable), he was so +ill paid, that notwithstanding his utmost exertions as an instructor, it +was with difficulty he supported a wife and family. Anna Maria,[3] born +August 29, 1751, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born January 27, 1756, +were the only two of seven children who survived. The sister made such +progress on the harpsichord, that in the first journeys which the father +took in order to display the talents of his children, she divided the +public attention with her brother. Wolfgang, however, not only profited +as a player, from the careful instruction which both the children +received from their parent, but began then to exhibit the extraordinary +precocity of his musical mind; the minuets and other little movements +which he composed from the age of four to seven show a consistency of +thought and a symmetry of design which promised a maturity of the +highest genius. Of the first expedition of Leopold Mozart with his son +and daughter, in January, 1762, little account is preserved, further +than that they visited Munich, and played concertos on the harpsichord +before the royal family. In the following autumn, (Wolfgang being then +in his seventh year), the father proceeded in the same company to +Vienna; the journey was made by water, and the family gave concerts at +the principal towns they passed, as occasion served. Leopold Mozart +writes, "On Tuesday we arrived at Ips, where two Minorites and a +Benedictine who accompanied us said mass,[4] during which our little +Wolfgang _tumbled about_ upon the organ and played so well, that the +Franciscan fathers, who were just sitting down to dinner with some +guests, left the table, and ran with all their company into the choir, +where they were filled with wonder." A little before, he says, "the +children are as merry as when they were at home. The boy is friendly +with every body, but particularly with military officers, as though he +had known them all his life. He is the admiration of all." At the Court +of Vienna the family was received with great favour, the Emperor Francis +I. being mightily pleased with "the little magician," as he used +playfully to call young Mozart. "There is nothing wonderful," said the +emperor one day, joking with him, "in playing with all the fingers, but +to play with _one_ finger and with the keys covered, would really be +surprising." Upon which the child instantly performed in this manner +with as much neatness and certainty as if he had long practised it. The +father writes, "you will scarcely believe me when I tell you how +graciously we have been received. The empress took Wolfgang on her lap, +and kissed him heartily."[5] It was at this time that Mozart began to +display the feeling of a great artist; just before he commenced a +concerto, seeing himself surrounded by people of the Court, he asked the +emperor--"is not M. Wagenseil here? _he_ understands these things." +Wagenseil was called forward to the harpsichord; "I am going to play one +of your concertos," said the boy, "will you turn over for me?" + + [3] This lady is at present living in Salzburg, and in 1826 had + not entirely given up her occupation as an instructress in + piano-forte playing. Many pupils have been brought up under her, + who by a peculiar neatness and precision of performance, evince + the excellent tuition of Nanette Mozart. + + [4] Probably at a convent. + + [5] The following anecdote is recorded in the history of this + journey:--Little Mozart one day, on a visit to the empress, was + led into her presence by the two princesses, one of whom was + afterwards the unfortunate Queen of France, Marie Antoinette. + Being unaccustomed to the smoothness of the floor, his foot + slipped and he fell. One of the princesses took no notice of the + accident, but the other Marie Antoinette, lifted him up and + consoled him. Upon which he said to her, "you are very good, I + will marry you." She related this to her mother, who asked + Wolfang how he came to make this resolution. He answered, "from + gratitude--she was so kind to me--whereas her sister gave + herself no trouble." + +As yet Mozart had only played on keyed instruments, but on his return to +Salzburg he practised privately on a little violin which he had +purchased in Vienna, and, to the surprise of his father and some friends +who had met to play over some new trios, he performed the second violin +part, and then the first, with correctness, though without method. His +horror of the sound of the trumpet in childhood, and the early passion +he displayed for arithmetic, are well known; to the last he was fond of +figures, and was extremely clever in making calculations; though very +improvident in his pecuniary affairs. The peculiar delicacy of Mozart's +organization is displayed in the fine sense of hearing which he evinced +at a tender age. Schachtner, a trumpeter, who used to visit his father, +had a violin that Wolfgang was fond of playing upon, which he used to +praise extremely for its soft tone, calling it the "_butter fiddle_." On +one occasion, as the boy was amusing himself on his own little violin, +he said to Schachtner, "if you have left your violin tuned as it was +when I last played upon it, it must be full half-a-quarter of a note +flatter than mine." Those present laughed at a nicety of distinction, +upon which the most critical ear could hardly pronounce; but the father, +who had many proofs of the extraordinary memory and exquisite feeling of +his son, sent for the instrument, and it was found to be as the boy had +said. Although he daily gave fresh instances of his extraordinary +endowments, he did not become proud or conceited, but was always an +amiable and tractable child. The affection and sweetness which +characterize his airs were inherent in his disposition, and the +following anecdote accounts for the prevalence of those delightful +qualities in his vein of melody:--"Mozart loved his parents, +particularly his father, so tenderly, that every night before going to +bed he used to sing a little air that he had composed on purpose, his +father having placed him standing in a chair, and singing the second to +him. During the singing he often kissed his father _on the top of the +nose_, (the epicurism of childish fondness), and as soon as this +solemnity was over, he was laid in bed, perfectly contented and happy." + +The young artist, in his eighth year, began to show a manly intellect. +It was in the third tour through Germany to Paris, London. &c. that the +fame of Mozart extended throughout Europe; but as many particulars of +this period of his life are already known, from the account published by +Daines Barrington in the Philosophical Transactions, the Letters of +Baron Grimm, and other sources, we shall only notice the newest and most +interesting incidents of this part of the Biography. From Wasserburg, +Leopold Mozart writes, "We went up to the organ to amuse ourselves, +where I explained the pedals to Wolfgang. He began instantly to make an +attempt with them, pushed back the stool and preluded standing, treading +the bass to his harmonies as if he had practised for months." The +violin-playing of Nardini, whom the party heard at Ludwigsberg, is much +praised by Leopold Mozart for the neatness of the execution, and the +beauty and equality of the tone. At Frankfort, Wolfgang one morning on +waking began to cry. His father asked him the reason. He said he was so +sorry at not being able to see his friends Hagenaur, Wenzl, Spitzeder, +and Reibl. Though the children performed before all the persons of +distinction they met on their route, yet as they were often rewarded +with costly presents, swords, snuff-boxes, trinkets, &c. instead of +money, the father had much anxiety on this account. He says, in a letter +from Brussels, "At Aix we saw the Princess Amelia, sister to the King of +Prussia, but she has no money. If the kisses which she gave my children, +especially to Master Wolfgang, had been louis d'ors, we might have +rejoiced." In Paris, little Mozart performed feats which would have done +honour to an experienced Kapellmeister, transposing at sight, into any +key whatever, any airs which were placed before him, writing the melody +to a bass, or the bass to a melody, with the utmost facility and without +premeditation. His deep acquaintance with harmony and modulation +surprised every one, and his organ-playing was particularly admired. A +very pleasant picture of the musical family was painted in Paris, of +which an engraving is given in the Biography. Mozart's sister relates, +that when they were at Versailles, Madame de Pompadour had her brother +placed upon a table, and that as he approached to salute her, she turned +away from him; upon which he said indignantly, "I wonder who she is, +that she will not kiss me--the empress has kissed me!" At Versailles the +whole court was present to hear the little boy of eight years play upon +the organ, and he was moreover treated by the royal family with great +distinction, particularly by the queen. When she dined in public, young +Mozart had the honour to stand near her, to converse with her +constantly, and now and then to receive some delicacy from her hand. The +father writes, "the queen speaks as good German as we do. As, however, +the king understands nothing of it, the queen interprets all that our +_heroic_ Wolfgang says." + +_(To be concluded in our next.)_ + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +AN ATTACHMENT. + + +Mr. Best, in his _Memorials_, says, I told my friend, Sir J., that Mr. +---- said, that among other fishes good for food, he was particularly +_attached_ to a smelt. "---- him;" said Sir J., "I wish a smelt was +attached to _him_--to his nose for a week, till it stank, and cured him +of his attachment." + + * * * * * + + +WINE. + + +Some people are very proud of their wine, and court your approbation by +incessant questions. One of a party being invited by Sir Thomas Grouts +to a second glass of his "old East India," he said that one was a +dose--had rather not double the _Cape_; and at the first glass of +champagne, he inquired whether there had been a plentiful supply of +gooseberries that year. + + * * * * * + + +GEORGE III. + + +Was known to make no secret of his own plans or notions. "Have you ever +been in Parliament, Mr. Law?" asked the King, when Law was attending at +the levee on his appointment as Attorney-General. The answer was in the +negative. "That is right; my Attorney-General ought not to have been in +Parliament; for then, you know, he is not obliged to eat his own words." +On the esplanade at Weymouth, he used to stop and speak to some +children. "Well, little boy, what will you be? Will you be a soldier?" +Then turning to one of his attendants, "I know the children by the +nursemaids." + + * * * * * + + +INGENIOUS DEFENCE. + + +At a celebrated watering-place a man was fined five shillings and costs +for being found in a state of inebriation, when he made an elaborate +appeal to their Worships (the Bench) _in mitigation of damages_, founded +upon the extreme hardship he had undergone in being fined _four_ several +times _for the same offence_! + +C.C. + + * * * * * + + +_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS._ + +CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand, +near Somerset House. + +The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS. +Embellished with nearly 150 Engravings. +In 6 Parts, 1s. each. + +The TALES of the GENII. 4 Parts, 6d. each. + +The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. +CANNING. &c. 4 Parts. 6d. each. + +PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, +12 Parts, 1s. each. + +COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, +12 Numbers, 3d. each. + +COOK'S VOYAGES, 28 Numbers, 3d. each. + +The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS +of the WORLD DISPLAYED. 27 Nos. 2d. each. + +BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 36 Numbers, 3d. +each. + +The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price +4s. 6d. + +GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d. + +DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d. + +BACON'S ESSAYS. Price 8d. + +SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 394 *** + +***** This file should be named 11246.txt or 11246.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/4/11246/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David King, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + + https://www.gutenberg.org/etext06 + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + |