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diff --git a/old/11245.txt b/old/11245.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4658890 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11245.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2096 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Vol. 14, Issue 393, October 10, 1829 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 23, 2004 [EBook #11245] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 393 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David King, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. 14, No. 393.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + +[Illustration: Glammis Castle] + + + +Glammis Castle + + +Here is a castellated palace, or princely castle, associated with many +great and daring events in the roll of Scottish history. It stands in +the valley of Strathmore, in a park of 160 acres, a little to the north +of Glammis, a village of Angus, N.B. The original foundation is of high +antiquity; for Malcolm II. was assassinated here in the year 1034, and +the chamber in which he expired is still shown. Two obelisks, one near +the Manse, and the other in a neighbouring field, denote the places +where he was attacked. In this castle also, according to some +historians, Macbeth murdered Duncan. We notice, however, that Sir Walter +Scott, in his recently-published version of the story of Macbeth, states +the murder to have been committed at "a great castle near Inverness," in +which he is corroborated by Baethius, who says, the castle stood upon an +eminence south-east of Inverness. But Fordun says the murder was +perpetrated near Elgin; and others say at Cawdor Castle. + +The Castle originally consisted of two rectangular towers, longer than +broad, with walls of fifteen feet in thickness; they were connected by a +square projection, and together formed a figure somewhat like the letter +Z, saving that in the castle all the angles were right ones; this form +gave mutual defence to every part of the building. It contains a spiral +staircase of 143 steps, reaching from the bottom to the top of the +building. + +Glammis Castle is still the seat of the Strathmore family. It was given +by Robert I. of Scotland, in the year 1376, with his daughter, to John +Lyon, Lord Glammis, chancellor of Scotland. Great alterations and +additions were made to the building by Patrick, Earl of Strathmore, his +lineal heir and successor: these improvements, according to the above +cited plan, a date carved on a stone on the outside of the building, and +other authorities, were made in the year 1606, and not in 1686, as is +said in an old print engraved about that time, and from which our view +is copied. The architect employed on this occasion, as tradition +reports, was Inigo Jones; indeed, the work seems greatly to resemble +Heriot's Hall at Edinburgh, and other buildings designed by him. The +great hall was finished in the year 1621; it is a handsome room with a +carved ceiling, adorned with heads and ornaments in stucco. Among the +apartments shown to visitors, are a wardrobe containing a curious +collection of old state dresses; the armoury, in which are preserved the +sword and coat of mail of Macbeth, as well as some articles supposed to +have been carried off by Malcolm's murderers, and found in the Loch of +Forfar, during the last century; and the chapel built about 1500, the +furniture of which remains in its original state. Here also are about +one hundred portraits; among which is a large picture, in a carved +frame, representing Earl Patrick and his three sons; in the background +is a view of the castle, as it was in the year 1683. At that time there +were three gates leading from the park. Some idea may be formed of the +extent of this establishment from the circumstance of eighty beds being +made up within the house, for the Pretender and his retinue, during +their sojourn here, besides those for the inferior servants, in the +offices out of doors. The forfeiture of the estate was prevented by the +earl's brother being killed at the head of his regiment on Shiremore. + +In the courtyard is shown a stone, on which is engraved a cross and +divers figures, said to allude to the murder of Malcolm, and the death +of the murderers, who attempting to cross the Lake of Forfar, then +slightly frozen over, the ice broke, and they were drowned: this stone +is described and engraved by Mr. Pennant, in his Tour through Scotland. + +By way of enlivening these historical data, and as an epigrammatic +conclusion to our description, we subjoin a pleasant little anecdote +related by Sir Walter Scott, of a certain old Earl of Strathmore, who, +in superintending some improvements of the castle, displayed an +eccentric love of uniformity. "The earl and his gardener directed all in +the garden and pleasure-grounds upon the ancient principle of exact +correspondence between the different parts, so that each alley had its +brother--a principle now renounced by gardeners. It chanced once upon a +time that a fellow was caught committing some petty theft, and, being +taken in the manner, was sentenced by the Bailie M'Wheeble of the +jurisdiction to stand for a certain time in the baronial pillory, called +the _jougs_, being a collar and chain attached to the uppermost portal +of the great avenue which led to the castle. The thief was turned over +accordingly to the gardener as the ground officer, to see the punishment +duly inflicted. When the Thane of Glammis returned from his morning +ride, he was surprised to find both sides of the gateway accommodated +each with a prisoner. He asked the gardener, whom he found watching the +place of punishment, as his duty required, whether another delinquent +had been detected? 'No, my lord,' said the gardener, in the tone of a +man excellently well satisfied with himself, 'but I thought the single +fellow looked very awkward standing on one side of the gateway, so I +gave half-a-crown to one of the labourers to stand on the other side +_for uniformity's sake_.'" + + * * * * * + + + +ON LOCALITIES: + +LITERARY RECOLLECTIONS OF LONDON. + +_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_ + + +No intellectual enjoyment, in my opinion, can surpass the delight we +experience when traversing those spots of the habitable earth where +celebrated warriors fought, minstrels sang, philosophers pondered, or +where philanthropists have immortalized their names by deeds of charity. +To roam through the romantic vales of Italy--surrounded at all turns by +the sad memorials of its former magnificence--the mighty ruins of its +temples and palaces, and the mutilated remains of its statues and +triumphal columns, conveying to the mind mournful images of the fallen +fates of those who had for ages been its proud possessors; where the +Mantuan bard first caught inspiration from the deathless muse; where +Tully charmed the listening throng, whilst defending with mild +persuasion the arts and the sciences he loved, and condemning in +terrible denunciations the mad ambition that threatened the destruction +of his country; to wander among its groves, and say, here Ovid, in +lonely exile, soothed his sorrows with the melody of his heaven-inspired +strain; here Petrarch wooed his much-loved Laura in sonnets soft as the +affection that gave them birth; here Tasso made history and Jerusalem +immortal by crowning them with the garlands of his Promethean genius; +and here Ariosto, Dante, Metastasio, and a galaxy of poets and +philosophers shed the splendour of their gifted imaginations on the +expiring greatness of their country. + +Where is the portion of the civilized globe that has not some delightful +reminiscence connected with it? There is not a country in the world, +even the most barbarous, where the inhabitants will not feel pride and +pleasure in pointing out to your attention some sacred spot ever dear to +their memories: some battle-field or scene of conquest; some warrior's +grave; some monarch's sepulchre, or some chieftain or legislator's +dwelling. And what shall we say of the classic soil of Greece? where the +eye cannot turn, or the foot move to a place which is not eternalized by +its associations: where the waters will not remind you of Castalian +founts; the flowers of Parnassian wreaths; the eminences of the Phocian +hills; and where the air of all breathes inspiration. To a mind prone to +contemplation, a walk through Athens must awaken the most exquisite +reveries. Although "fallen from its high estate," there is enough in the +tottering ruins which yet remain to recall the history of its ancient +grandeur: the shattered Acropolis and the Pyraeus tell the tale of other +days, in language at once pathetic and intelligible-- + + "_The time has been when they were young and proud, + Banners on high and battles pass'd below_." + +The mind must be distracted with the multiplicity of its recollections; +all that is great or good or glorious in our nature, must be identified +with some forcible remembrance; and heroes, poets, statesmen, patriots, +legislators, philosophers, and the historical events connected with +their names, must congregate before us in sublime and touching +similitude. "Alas, poor country!"--On those shores the monuments of +science and of art, which drew admirers from the remotest corners of the +earth, are now demolished by the savage and cowardly slaves of a despot, +who is himself a slave; the eloquence which swayed the passions of +applauding multitudes is dumb; the pencil of Appelles that breathed over +the canvass, and the chisel of Praxiteles that gave life and animation +to shapeless blocks, are now no more; and the all-powerful lyre, whose +sweeping chords would rouse the soul to rage or melt it into pity, is +now, and perhaps FOR EVER, mute and unstrung! + +These observations, which you may think too enthusiastic, were elicited +by the perusal of an article in your No. 388, entitled "A Desultory +Chapter on Localities." Your Correspondent states, that "it is needless +to travel to foreign countries in search of localities. In our own +metropolis and its environs a diligent inquirer will find them at every +step." The following Collection will serve to confirm the truth of his +statement, and should you deem it worthy "a local habitation" in your +excellent journal, I doubt not it will prove interesting, if not quite +new to many of your readers.[1] + + [1] Is not this very interesting extract by Leigh Hunt?--We have + not his _Indicator_ at hand for reference. + +C.E. + +"In St. Giles' Church lie Chapman, the earliest and best translator of +Homer; and Andrew Marvell, the wit and patriot, whose poverty Charles +II. could not bribe.--Who would suppose that the Borough was the most +classical ground in the metropolis? And yet it is undoubtedly so. The +Globe Theatre was there, of which Shakspeare himself was a proprietor, +and for which he wrote his plays. Globe-lane, in which it stood, is +still extant, we believe, under that name. It is probable that he lived +near it: it is certain that he must have been much there. It is also +certain that on the Borough side of the river, then and still called the +Bank-side, in the same lodging, having the same wardrobe, and some say, +with other participations more remarkable, lived Beaumont and Fletcher. +In the Borough, also, at St. Saviour's, lie Fletcher and Massinger in +one grave; in the same church, under a monument and effigy, lies +Chaucer's contemporary, Gower; and from an inn in the Borough, the +existence of which is still boasted, and the site pointed out by a +picture and inscription, Chaucer set out his pilgrims and himself on +their famous road to Canterbury. + +"To return over the water, who would expect any thing poetical from East +Smithfield? Yet there was born the most poetical even of poets, Spenser. +Pope was born within the sound of Bowbell, in a street no less +anti-poetical than Lombard-street. So was Gray, in Cornhill. So was +Milton, in Bread-street, Cheapside. The presence of the same great poet +and patriot has given happy memories to many parts of the metropolis. He +lived in St. Bride's Churchyard, Fleet-street; in Alders-gate-street, in +Jewin-street, in Barbican, in Bartholomew-close; in Holborn, looking +back to Lincoln's Inn Fields; in Holborn, near Red-lion-square; in +Scotland-yard; in a house looking to St. James' Park, now belonging to +an eminent writer on legislation, and lately occupied by a celebrated +critic and metaphysician; and he died in Artillery-walk, Bunhill-fields; +and was buried in St. Giles', Cripplegate. + +"Ben Jonson, who was born 'in Hartshorne-lane, near Charing-cross,' was +at one time 'master' of a theatre in Barbican. He appears also to have +visited a tavern called the Sun and Moon, in Aldersgate-street; and is +known to have frequented with Beaumont and others, the famous one called +the Mermaid, which was in Cornhill. + +"The other celebrated resort of the great wits of that time was the +Devil Tavern, in Fleet-street, close to Temple-bar. Ben Jonson lived +also in Bartholomew-close, where Milton afterwards lived. It was in the +passage from the cloisters of Christ's Hospital into St. Bartholomew's. +Aubrey gives it as a common opinion, that at the time when Jonson's +father-in-law made him help him in his business of bricklayer, he worked +with his own hands upon the Lincoln's Inn garden wall, which looks upon +Chancery-lane, and which seems old enough to have some of his +illustrious brick and mortar still remaining. + +"Under the cloisters in Christ's Hospital (which stand in the heart of +the city unknown to most persons, like a house kept invisible for young +and learned eyes) lie buried a multitude of persons of all ranks; for it +was once a monastery of Gray Friars. Among them is John of Bourbon, one +of the prisoners taken at the battle of Agincourt. Here also lies Thomas +Burdet, ancestor of the present Sir Francis, who was put to death in the +reign of Edward IV., for wishing the horns of a favourite white stag, +which the King had killed, in the body of the person who advised him to +do it. And here too (a sufficing contrast) lies Isabella, wife of Edward +II. + + 'She, wolf of France, with unrelenting fangs, + Who tore the bowels of her mangled mate' + GRAY. + +"Her 'mate's' heart was buried with her, and placed upon her bosom! a +thing that looks like the fantastic incoherence of a dream. It is well +we did not know of her presence when at school; or after reading one of +Shakspeare's tragedies, we should have run twice as fast round the +cloisters at night time, as we used. Camden, 'the nourrice of +antiquitie,' received part of his education in this school; and here +also, not to mention a variety of others known in the literary world, +were bred two of the most powerful and deep-spirited writers of the +present day; whose visits to the cloisters we well remember. + +"In a palace on the site of Hatton-garden, died John of Gaunt. Brook +House, at the corner of the street of that name in Holborn, was the +residence of the celebrated Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brook, the 'friend +of Sir Philip Sydney.' In the same street, died, by a voluntary death, +of poison, that extraordinary person, Thomas Chatterton--- + + 'The sleepless boy, who perished in his pride.' + WORDSWORTH. + +He was buried in the workhouse in Shoe-lane; a circumstance, at which +one can hardly help feeling a movement of indignation. Yet what could +beadles and parish officers know about such a being? No more than Horace +Walpole. In Gray's Inn, lived, and in Gray's Inn Garden meditated, Lord +Bacon. In Southampton-row, Holborn, Cowper was a fellow-clerk to an +attorney with the future Lord Chancellor Thurlow. At the Fleet-street +corner of Chancery-lane, Cowley, we believe, was born. In +Salisbury-court, Fleet-street, was the house of Thomas Sackville, first +Earl of Dorset, the precursor of Spenser, and one of the authors of the +first regular English tragedy. On the demolition of this house, part of +the ground was occupied by the celebrated theatre built after the +Restoration, at which Betterton performed, and of which Sir William +Davenant was manager. Lastly, here was the house and printing-office of +Richardson. In Bolt-court, not far distant, lived Dr. Johnson, who +resided also for some time in the Temple. A list of his numerous other +residences is to be found in Boswell[2]. Congreve died in Surrey-street, +in the Strand, at his own house. At the corner of Beaufort-buildings, +was Lilly's, the perfumer, at whose house the Tatler was published. In +Maiden-lane, Covent-garden, Voltaire lodged while in London, at the sign +of the White Peruke. Tavistock-street was then, we believe, the +Bond-street of the fashionable world; as Bow-street was before. The +change of Bow-street from fashion to the police, with the theatre still +in attendance, reminds one of the spirit of the Beggar's Opera. Button's +Coffee-house, the resort of the wits of Queen's Anne's time, was in +Russell-street--we believe, near where the Hummums now stand. We think +we recollect reading also, that in the same street, at one of the +corners of Bow-street, was the tavern where Dryden held regal possession +of the arm chair. The whole of Covent-garden is classic ground, from its +association with the dramatic and other wits of the times of Dryden and +Pope. Butler lived, perhaps died, in Rose-street, and was buried in +Covent-garden Churchyard; where Peter Pindar the other day followed him. +In Leicester-square, on the site of Miss Linwood's exhibition and other +houses, was the town mansion of the Sydneys, Earls of Leicester, and the +family of Sir Philip and Algernon Sydney. In the same square lived Sir +Joshua Reynolds. Dryden lived and died in Gerrard-street, in a house +which looked backwards into the garden of Leicester House. Newton lived +in St. Martin's-street, on the south side of the square. Steele lived in +Bury-street, St. James'; he furnishes an illustrious precedent for the +loungers in St. James'-street, where scandal-mongers of those times +delighted to detect Isaac Bickerstaff in the person of captain Steele, +idling before the Coffee-house, and jerking his leg and stick +alternately against the pavement. We have mentioned the birth of Ben +Jonson, near Charing-cross. Spenser died at an inn, where he put up on +his arrival from Ireland, in King-street, Westminster--the same which +runs at the back of Parliament-street to the Abbey. Sir Thomas More +lived at Chelsea. Addison lived and died in Holland House, Kensington, +now the residence of the accomplished nobleman who takes his title from +it. In Brook-street, Grosvenor-square, lived Handel; and in +Bentinck-street, Manchester-square, Gibbon. We have omitted to mention +that De Foe kept a hosier's shop in Cornhill; and that, on the site of +the present Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane, stood the mansion of +the Wriothesleys, Earls of Southampton, one of whom was the celebrated +friend of Shakspeare. But what have we not omitted also? No less an +illustrious head than the Boar's, in Eastcheap--the Boar's Head Tavern, +the scene of Falstaff's revels. We believe the place is still marked out +by a similar sign. But who knows not Eastcheap and the Boar's Head? Have +we not all been there time out of mind? And is it not a more real, as +well as notorious thing to us, than the London Tavern, or the Crown and +Anchor, or the Hummums, or White's, or What's-his-name's, or any other +of your contemporary and fleeting taps? + + [2] The Temple must have had many eminent inmates. Among them, + it is believed, was Chaucer, who is also said, upon the strength + of an old record, to have been fined two shillings for beating a + Franciscan Friar in Fleet-street. + +"Before we rest our wings, however, we must take another dart over the +city, as far as Stratford at Bow, where, with all due tenderness for +boarding-school French, a joke of Chaucer has existed as a piece of +local humour for nearly four hundred and fifty years. Speaking of the +Prioress, who makes such a delicate figure among his Canterbury +Pilgrims, he tells us, among her other accomplishments, that-- + + 'French she spake full faire and featously;' + +adding with great gravity, + + 'After the school of Stratford atte Bowe; + For French of Paris was to her unknowe.' + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS FACTS RELATING TO SLEEP. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +"Next to those nourishments that sustain the body (says Dr. Venner) +moderate and seasonable sleep is most profitable and necessary. It helps +digestion, recreates the mind, repairs the spirits, and comforts and +refreshes the whole body." It is also observed by Dr. Hufeland, that +"sleep is one of the wisest regulations of nature, to check and moderate +at fixed periods, the incessant and impetuous stream of vital +consumption. It forms as it were, stations for our physical and moral +existence, and we thereby obtain the happiness of being daily reborn, +and of passing every morning through a state of annihilation, into a new +and refreshed life." + +The writer of the article "Sleep." in Rees's _Cyclopaedia_, says, "the +proportion of time passed in sleep differs in different persons, and at +different ages. From six to nine hours may be reckoned about the average +proportion. Men of active minds whose attention is engaged in a series +of interesting enjoyments, sleep much less than the listless and +indolent, and the same individual will spend fewer hours in this way, +when strongly interested in any pursuits, than when the stream of life +is gentle and undisturbed. The Great Frederic of Prussia, and John +Hunter, who devoted every moment of their time to the most active +employments of body and mind, generally took only four or five hours' +sleep. A rich and lazy citizen, whose life is merely a chronicle of +breakfast, dinners, suppers, and sleep, will slumber away ten or twelve +hours daily. When any subject strongly occupies us, it keeps us awake in +spite of ourselves. The newly born child sleeps most of its time, and +seems to wake merely for the purpose of feeding. Very old persons sleep +much of their time; in the natural progress towards death, the animal +faculties are first extinguished; accordingly, when they begin to +decline in decrepit old age, the periods of their intermissions are +longer. The celebrated De Moivre, when eighty-three years of age, was +awake only four hours out of the twenty-four; and Thomas Parr at last +slept the greatest part of his time. An eye-witness relates that some +boys, completely exhausted by exertion, fell asleep amid all the tumult +of the battle of the Nile; and other instances are known of soldiers +sleeping amid discharges of artillery, and all the tumult of war. +Couriers are known to sleep on horseback, and coachmen on their coaches. +A gentleman who saw the fact, reported, to the writer of this article, +that many soldiers in the retreat of Sir John Moore, fell asleep on the +march, and continued walking on. Even stripes and tortures cannot keep +off sleep beyond a certain time. Noises at first prevent us from +sleeping, but their influence soon ceases, and persons rest soundly in +the most noisy situations. The proprietors of some vast iron-works, who +slept close to them, through the incessant din of hammers, forges, and +blast furnaces, would awake if there were any interruption during the +night. And a miller, being very ill and unable to sleep, when his mill +was stopped, on his account, rested well and recovered quickly when the +mill was set going again. Great hunger prevents sleep, and cold +affecting a part of the body has the same effect. These causes operated +on the unfortunate women who lived thirty-four days in a small room +overwhelmed by snow, and with the slightest sustenance, they hardly +slept the whole time." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +PERU: SIMPLICITY OF PASTORAL LIFE. + +_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_ + + +After all that has been written and said on South America, by many +recent travellers, it may probably be thought that the following remarks +are rather out of time; but as a single fact may sometimes serve to show +the state of a country more forcibly than volumes, I am induced to +relate an anecdote which will throw a little light on the present +situation of one portion of the natives of Peru. + +The Andes take their rise literally at the "end of the World;" for Cape +Horn certainly deserves that epithet, and the Straights of Magellan, +which divide Terra del Fuego from the continent are comparatively no +more than a mountain stream in a hilly country, so that that island may +without any impropriety be deemed a part of it. The Andes are not one +continuous chain of mountains; but an immensity of piles raised one on +another, at different elevations of which are extensive plains, termed +"Pampas," some of which appear as boundless as the horizon, and totally +divested of herbage. On one of these plains, called the Pampa of Diesmo, +in the province of Junin, I was detained some days at the only hut to be +seen for leagues. One of the _arreoros_, or muleteers, with me, a native +of Madrid, remarked on the solitude of the spot, adding, with a sigh, +"This was a different place when first I visited it." Within about half +a mile from where we were then conversing was an astonishing freak of +Nature. In the midst of the plain were about one hundred naked rocks +rising abruptly from the surface, in detached groups, some of which were +as high as St. Paul's, and many appeared like the spires of a cathedral. +Pointing to these eminences, the muleteer went on to say, "for five +months these rocks were my refuge from white men, and from them have I +seen an army of twenty-five thousand men traverse this plain again and +again; their only support for nearly fourteen months being drawn from +the spot." On asking an explanation, he bid me look round and say if I +thought I could count the number of sheep on the Pampa. I readily +answered I did not think there were fifty. "What will you say, sir," +said he, "when I tell you that sixteen years since, there were, _on this +plain alone, eight hundred thousand sheep!_ besides oxen; at that time +there was scarcely an Indian that did not possess at least two thousand, +and this was only a part of the wealth of Peru. The desolation that now +exists may justly be laid to the account of a revolution, which has only +been the means of creating a spirit of animosity amongst those who +before were cordially united; you yourself must be aware that if it were +known I was a Godo, (Old Spaniard), my life would not be worth an hour's +purchase; another thing you have yourself experienced, is the total +absence of hospitality in Peru. This is also an effect of the +revolution; for at the time I alluded to, a stranger in this country +need not expend a maravedi in travelling; but those days, I fear, will +never return." + +This conversation occurred in the summer of 1827, and there are a few +readers of the MIRROR who were then in Peru, who will readily recognise +the writer. + +VIATOR. + + * * * * * + + +ON FEAR. + +_By Sir Thomas More._ + + + If evils come not, then our fears are vain, + And if they do, fear but augments the pain. + + * * * * * + + +MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS. + +SKIMINGTON RIDING. + +_(To the Editor of the Mirror.)_ + + +I have been amused by the accounts given in a former volume of the +MIRROR, of the curious custom called "Stanging;" may I be allowed to +edge in a few words descriptive of a ceremony belonging to the same +order, which prevails in my native county, (Dorset), instituted and +practised on the same occasions as those mentioned in vol. xii., but +differing from them in many material points, and in my opinion partaking +more of the theatrical cast than either of those two mentioned by your +correspondents. Having been an eye witness to one or two of these +exhibitions, I am enabled to give an accurate account of the same. The +name which they give to this ceremony, as near as I can make out from +the pronunciation, is _Skimington Riding_; the origin of which name I +have endeavoured in vain to ascertain. The ceremony commences by two +fellows armed with stump brooms mounting on a ladder borne by four or +five more of the crowd, when sitting back to back, they commence a +fierce attack on each other with the brooms over their shoulders, +maintaining at the same time as the procession advances, a scolding +dialogue, or rather duet; one of them squeaking to represent the angry +tones of the better half, while the other growls his complaints an +octave below. In this manner, accompanied by the shouts of the crowd, +the rattling of old tin kettles, and the blowing of cow's horns, +producing altogether a horrible din, they parade before the dwelling +house of some peace-breaking couple; and should they be in possession of +any word or words made use of by the unhappy pair in their squabbles, +you may be sure such expressions are repeated with all due emphasis by +the performers on the (stage) ladder. After making as much noise as they +possibly can before the fated dwelling, where they sometimes meet with a +most ungracious reception, they proceed in the same style through all +the streets of the parish in order that the whole place may be apprized +of the conduct of the offending couple; and they keep up the game as +long as they possibly can. + +_Sturminster._ + +RURIS. + + * * * * * + + +A SEA-SIDE MAYOR. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +At Yarmouth, a person is selected from among those employed on the beach +during the fishing season, who is denominated the _Sea-side Mayor_, his +office being to inflict certain punishments and penalties on such +fishermen as are found guilty of pilfering herrings, &c. + +The fishing commences in the latter part of September, a day or two +previous to which a procession goes round the town, the object and order +of which are as follow:-- + +A person grotesquely attired, and carrying a trident, to represent +Neptune,[3] precedes, followed by four or five men bearing colours with +inscriptions of "Prosperity to the town of Yarmouth." "Death to our best +Friends," (meaning the herrings), "Success to the Herring Fishery," &c. +Then follows a band of musicians. The Sea-side Mayor (dressed as a +sailor, and wearing a gilt chain around his neck) brings up the rear, in +a handsome boat built for the occasion, and borne on the shoulders of +ten or a dozen men, wearing white ribands on the breast of their jackets +and on their hats. + + [3] An individual named Joseph Penny, was for many years the + representative of Neptune. He was a man of daring spirit, and + there are many living at this time who were indebted to his + intrepidity for being rescued from drowning. In the month of + November 1825, accompanied by his son, he went off from the + beach in an open boat, to a vessel in distress, soon after which + the boat was washed ashore, with the body of the son entangled + in the rigging; but the father was never again heard of. + +In this order the procession calls at the shops of different +tradespeople, or any one at all connected with the herring fishery, +where they solicit contributions, and those who are disposed to be +liberal, are honoured with a tune from the musicians, and the cheering +of the mayor. After parading the town they retire to a tavern to dinner. +A great number of French and Dutch fishing boats resort to Yarmouth at +the herring fishing, and on the Sunday previous to the 21st of +September, "Dutch Fair," as it is denominated, is held on the beach, and +presents a novel and interesting appearance. + +From twenty to thirty of their flat bottomed boats are run on shore at +high water, and as the tide recedes, are left high and dry. Dutch pipes, +dried flounders, wooden shoes, apples, and gingerbread, are then offered +for sale, and if the weather be fine, the beach is thronged with +company, many of whom come from a great distance. + +W. S. L. + + * * * * * + + +SAXON NAMES OF THE MONTHS. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +December, which stood first, was styled "Mid-winter monath." January was +"Aefter-yule," or after Christmas. February "Sol-monath," from the +returning sun. March "Rhede, or Rhede monath," rough, or rugged month. +April "Easter monath," from a favourite Saxon goddess, whose name we +still preserve. May was "Trimilchi," from the cows being then milked +thrice in the day. June "Sere monath," dry month. July "Maed monath," +the meads being then in their bloom. August was "Weod monath," from the +luxuriance of weeds. September "Haerfest monath." October they called +"Winter fylleth," from winter approaching with the full moon of that +month. And lastly, November was styled "Blot monath," from the blood of +the cattle slain that month, and stored for winter provision. Verstegan +names the months somewhat differently. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS BEQUEST. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +John Wardell, by will, dated August 29, 1656, gave to the Grocers' +Company, a tenement known by the name of the White Bear, in Walbrook, to +the intent that they should yearly, within thirty days after Michaelmas, +pay to the churchwardens of St. Botolph, Billingsgate, L4. to provide a +good and sufficient iron and glass lantern, with a candle, for the +direction of passengers, to go with more security to and from the water +side, all night long, to be placed at the north-east corner of the +parish church of St. Botolph, from the Feast Day of St. Bartholomew to +Lady Day; out of which sum L1. is to be paid to the sexton for taking +care of the said lantern. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + +SLEEPERS IN CHURCH. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +Richard Davey, in 1659, founded a free-school at Claverley, Salop, and +directed to be paid yearly the sum of eight shillings to a poor man of +the said parish, who should undertake to awaken sleepers, and to whip +out dogs from the church of Claverley, during divine service. + +H.B.A. + + * * * * * + + + +THE SELECTOR; + +AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_. + + + * * * * * + + +THE EPPING HUNT. + +_By Thomas Hood, Esq._ + + +We remember the appearance of Mr. Hood's first work--_Odes and Addresses +to Great People_; and many a reviewer and printer rejoiced in the light +columns which it furnished them by way of extract. They made up very +prettily beside a theological critique, a somewhat lumbering book on +political economy, or a volume of deep speculations on geology. Hood's +little book, a mere thin pocket size, soon grew into notice and favour; +the edition ran off, and one or two more impressions have followed. A +host of imitators soon sprung up, but we are bound to acknowledge that +from the above to the present time, Mr. Hood has kept the field--the +Pampa of pun--to himself, and right sincerely are we obliged for the +many quips and quiddities with which he has enabled us to _garnish our_ +pages. We say garnish, for what upon earth can better resemble the +garnishings of a table than Mr. Hood's little volumes: how they enliven +and embellish the feast, like birds and flowers cut from carrots, +turnips, and beet-root; parsley fried _crisp_; cascades spun in sugar, +or mouldings in almond paste, at a pic-nic supper party. + +We love a good motto, and one like Mr. Hood's speaks volumes: + + "HUNTS ROASTED"-- + +Next comes an advertisement of the author's endeavour to record a yearly +revel (the Epping Hunt,) already fast hastening to decay. Mr. Hood is +_serious_, as the following epistle will show:-- + +"It was penned by an underling at the Wells, a person more accustomed to +riding than writing." + +"Sir,--About the Hunt. In anser to your Innqueries, their as been a +great falling off laterally, so much so this year that there was nobody +allmost. We did a mear nothing provisionally, hardly a Bottle extra, +wich is a proof in Pint. In short our Hunt may be sad to be in the last +Stag of a Decline. + +"I am, Sir, + +"With respects from + +"Your humble Servant, + +"BARTHOLOMEW RUTT." + +Then begins the tale. + + John Huggins was as bold a man + As trade did ever know, + A warehouse good he had, that stood + Hard by the church of Bow. + + There people bought Dutch cheeses round, + And single Glos'ter flat,-- + And English butter in a lump, + And Irish--in a _pat_. + + Six days a week beheld him stand, + His business next his heart, + At _counter_ with his apron tied + About his _counter-part_. + + The seventh in a sluice-house box, + He took his pipe and pot; + On Sundays for _eel-pie_ty, + A very noted spot. + +Huggins gets "Epping in his head," and resolves to go to "the Hunt." + + Alas! there was no warning voice + To whisper in his ear, + Thou art a fool in leaving _Cheap_ + To go and hunt the _deer_! + + No thought he had of twisted spine, + Or broken arms or legs; + Not _chicken-hearted_ he, altho' + 'Twas whisper'd of his _eggs_.' + + Ride out he would, and hunt he would, + Nor dreamt of ending ill; + Mayhap with Dr. _Ridout's_ fee, + And Surgeon _Hunter's_ bill. + + To say the horse was Huggins' own, + Would only be a brag; + His neighbour Fig and he went halves, + Like Centaurs, in a nag. + + And he that day had got the gray, + Unknown to brother cit; + The horse he knew would never tell, + Altho' it was a _tit_. + + A well bred horse he was I wis, + As he began to show, + By quickly "rearing up within + The way he ought to go." + + And so he jogged to Tot'n'am Cross, + An ancient town well known, + Where Edward wept for Eleanor + In mortar and in stone + + A royal game of fox and goose, + To play on such a loss; + Wherever she set down her _orts_, + Thereby he put a _cross_. + + Now Huggins had a crony here, + That lived beside the way; + One that had promised sure to be + His comrade for the day. + +His friend had gone to Enfield Chase: + + Then Huggins turned his horse's head, + And crossed the bridge of Lea. + + Thence slowly on thro' Laytonstone, + Past many a Quaker's box,-- + No friends to hunters after deer, + Tho' followers of a _Fox_. + + And many a score behind--before-- + The self-same route inclin'd, + And minded all to march one way, + Made one great march of mind. + + Gentle and simple, he and she, + And swell, and blood, and prig; + And some had carts, and some a chaise, + According to their gig. + + Some long-ear'd jacks, some knacker's hacks, + (However odd it sounds,) + Let out that day _to hunt_, instead + _Of going to the hounds_! + + And some had horses of their own, + And some were forc'd to job it; + And some, while they inclin'd to _Hunt_, + Betook themselves to _Cob-it_. + + All sorts of vehicles and vans, + Bad, middling, and the smart; + Here roll'd along the gay barouche, + And there a dirty cart! + + And lo! a cart that held a squad + Of costermonger line; + With one poor hack, like Pegasus, + That slav'd for all the Nine! + + * * * * * + + And so he paced to Woodford Wells, + Where many a horseman met, + And letting go the _reins_, of course, + Prepared for _heavy wet_. + + And lo! within the crowded door, + Stood Rounding, jovial elf; + Here shall the Muse frame no excuse, + But frame the man himself. + +The portrait is excellent: + + A snow white head a merry eye, + A cheek of jolly blush; + A claret tint laid on by health, + With master reynard's brush. + + A hearty frame, a courteous bow, + The prince he learn'd it from: + His age about three-score and ten, + And there you have Old Tom. + + In merriest key I trow was he, + So many guests to boast; + So certain congregations meet, + And elevate the host. + +They start-- + + But Huggins, hitching on a tree, + Branched off from all the rest. + +Then comes the motley mob-- + + Idlers to wit--no Guardians some, + Of Tattlers in a squeeze; + Ramblers, in heavy carts and vans, + Spectators up in trees. + + Butchers on backs of butcher's hacks, + That shambled to and fro'! + Bakers intent upon a buck, + Neglectful of the _dough_! + + Change Alley Bears to speculate, + As usual, for a fall; + And green and scarlet runners, such + As never climb'd a wall! + + 'Twas strange to think what difference + A single creature made; + A single stag had caused a whole + _Stag_nation in their trade. + +The deer is brought--- + + Now Huggins from his saddle rose, + And in the stirrups stood; + And lo! a little cart that came + Hard by a little wood. + + In shape like half a hearse,--tho' not + For corpses in the least; + For this contained the _deer alive_, + And not the _dear deceased_! + +Robin bounds out, and the hunt starts: Huggins-- + + Away he went, and many a score + Of riders did the same, + On horse and ass--like high and low + And Jack pursuing game. + + Good lord! to see the riders now, + Thrown off with sudden whirl, + A score within the purling brook, + Enjoy'd their "early purl." + + A score were sprawling on the grass, + And beavers fell in show'rs; + There was another _Floorer_ there, + Beside the Queen of Flowers! + + Some lost their stirrups, some their whips, + Some had no caps to show; + But few, like Charles at Charing Cross, + Rode on in _Statue_ quo. + + "O, dear! O, dear!" now might you hear, + "I've surely broke a bone;" + "My head is sore,"--with many more + Such speeches from the _thrown_. + + * * * * * + + Away they went then dog and deer, + And hunters all away.-- + The maddest horses never knew + _Mad staggers_ such as they! + + Some gave a shout, some roll'd about, + And antick'd as they rode, + And butchers whistled on their curs, + And milkmen _tally-ho'd_! + + About two score there were, not more, + That gallopped in the race; + The rest, alas! lay on the grass, + As once in Chevy Chase! + + And by their side see Huggins ride, + As fast as he could speed; + For, like Mazeppa, he was quite + At mercy of his steed. + + No means he had, by timely check, + The gallop to remit, + For firm and last, between his teeth, + The biter held the bitt. + + Trees raced along, all Essex fled + Beneath him as he sate,-- + He never saw a county go + At such a county-rate! + + "Hold hard! hold hard! you'll lame the dogs:" + Quoth Huggins, "so I do,-- + I've got the saddle well in hand, + And hold as hard as you!" + + And now he bounded up and down, + Now like a jelly shook: + Till bump'd and gall'd--yet not where Gall, + For bumps did ever look! + + And rowing with his legs the while, + As tars are apt to ride; + With every kick he gave a prick, + Deep in the horse's side! + + But soon the horse was well avenged, + For cruel smart of spurs, + For, riding through a moor, he pitched + His master in a furze! + + Where sharper set than hunger is + He squatted all forlorn; + And like a bird was singing out + While sitting on a thorn! + + Right glad was he, as well as might be. + Such cushion to resign: + "Possession is nine points," but his + Seemed more than ninety nine. + + Yet worse than all the prickly points + That enter'd in his skin, + His nag was running off the while + The thorns were running in! + +A jolly wight comes by upon + + A sorry mare, that surely came + Of pagan blood and bone; + For down upon her knees she went, + To many a stock and stone! + + Now seeing Huggins' nag adrift, + This farmer, shrewd and sage, + Resolv'd by changing horses here, + To hunt another stage! + + So up on Huggins' horse he got, + And swiftly rode away, + While Huggins mounted on the mare + Done brown upon a bay! + + And off they set, in double chase, + For such was fortune's whim, + The Farmer rode to hunt the stag, + And Huggins hunted him. + + * * * * * + + And, far remote, each scarlet coat + Soon flitted like a spark,-- + Tho' still the forest murmur'd back + An echo of the bark. + + But sad at soul John Huggins turn'd: + No comfort he could find. + Whilst thus the "Hunting Chorus" sped + To stay five bars behind. + + For tho' by dint of spur he got + A leap in spite of fate-- + Howbeit there was no toll at all, + They could not clear the gate. + + And, like Fitzjames, he cursed the hunt, + And sorely cursed the day, + And mus'd a new Gray's elegy + On his departed gray. + +Huggins now betook him to the Wells--the Hunt was o'er--and many a joke +is told-- + + How Huggins stood when he was rubb'd + By help and ostler kind, + And when they cleaned the clay before, + How "worse remain'd behind." + + And one, how he had found a horse + Adrift--a goodly gray! + And kindly rode the nag, for fear + The nag should go astray. + +Huggins claims the horse, and offers "a bottle and a pound" for his +recovery: + + The wine was drunk,--the money paid, + Tho' not without remorse. + To pay another man so much, + For riding on his horse. + +MORAL. + + Thus Pleasure oft eludes our grasp, + Just when we think to grip her; + And hunting after Happiness, + We only hunt a slipper. + +The tale occupies less than thirty pages, and may be read whilst smoking +a cigar. It is all quaint fun, whim, humour, and frolic, and one of +those merry morsels which amuse us more than the whole leaven of +utilitarianism; and if to laugh and learn be your maxim, why read the +"Epping Hunt." After this, hold your sides, and look at the _cuts_, +designed by George Cruikshank, and engraved by Branston, Bonner, Slader, +and T. Williams. Old Tom Rounding is the frontispiece, in a cosy chair, +and glass in hand--framed with foxes', and Towler and Jowler's heads, +antlers, &c. The rich twinkle of Tom's eye, and the benevolent rotundity +of his form, are admirable. Huggins hitched on a tree is the next--then +comes "the beast charging in Tom's rear;" his perturbed look and the +saucy waggery of a round headed wight who has climbed into an adjoining +tree are a good contrast; Huggins "sitting on a thorn" is another +ludicrous picture of perturbation; the cit on the grass, with "cattle +grazed here" on a tree, is the fifth; and Huggins being cleared of clay +by two of Tom Roundhead's helpers, with mop and broom, completes the +cuts and catastrophes of the Epping Hunt. + +The engravings, one and all, are exceedingly clever, and _proof +impressions_, (which we observe are advertised,) will soon find their +way into scores of scrapbooks. + + * * * * * + + + +The Sketch-Book. + +THE SPIRIT OF THE STORM. + +_(For the Mirror.)_ + + +When the unfortunate Cedric (who had imbued his hands in the blood of +another,) was endeavouring by flight to a distant land to evade the arm +of justice, there existed a belief in a supernatural being, whose +exclusive office was, + +_To guide the whirlwind and direct the storm_. + +It was imagined that he circumnavigated the globe in a chariot of fire +that was wafted on the wings of the wind through the illimitable fields +of aether, but that he ever kept within the bounds of our atmosphere. +His course was preceded by thunder and lightning--and storm and tempest +followed him wherever he went. He visited every climate in succession, +and had a vast concourse of inferior spirits at his command. He never +paused in his terrible career, but to witness the shipwreck of a felon, +and then only was he visible to mortal view. He was The Spirit of the +Storm! + +The recollection of this personage occurred to the mind of Cedric, +accompanied with no very pleasing associations, just as the Levantine +cleared the mouth of the harbour, and was bearing a full sail before a +propitious northern gale for India. + +A quick voyage had almost brought the vessel successfully to the desired +port, when an accident, fatal in its termination occurred, which we +shall endeavour to relate. + +There was on board an old man who had long been in the habit of reading +the almanac, observing the changes of the wind and moon, the rising and +setting of the sun, the degree of heat or cold, dryness or dampness of +the atmosphere, the form and colour of the clouds, the rising and +falling of the mercury, and several other similar indications of the +weather, who for his knowledge in these matters, had obtained the +epithet of "weatherwise," and indeed not without reason, for although he +might sometimes be wrong in his prognostications to the no small +amusement of others, and to his own mortification; yet in general they +were pretty correct, especially of the approach of a storm in a tropical +climate. + +One fine evening whilst walking on the deck, he carelessly observed, +that there would be a heavy sea gale, accompanied by rain, before +morning. The captain of the vessel, who happened to be within hearing, +cursed the poor fellow for his prediction, declaring that he kept the +whole crew in a state of alarm, and vowing that if he foretold another +tempest he would throw him overboard. The old man, who had a +considerable opinion of his own talents, calmly replied, "_experientia +docet_." + +Cedric, from being one of the most daring and reckless spirits of his +age, on hearing the above parley, and aware of their proximity to a +rocky and dangerous shore, became terrified. The fear of a wreck +overcame his once undaunted but now agitated frame, and a stiff glass of +grog was found necessary to support him. + +At midnight (having previously been sleeping soundly, composed by the +soporific effects of the dram, lulled by the music of the rising breeze, +and the gentle undulations of the reeling vessel) he was flung several +yards from his hammock, and received a contusion on the head, which for +some time deprived him of his senses. When he had somewhat recovered, +the rocking of the vessel, the howling of the wind, and the creeking of +the timbers, told him but too truly that the old man's prophecy was +being fulfilled. + +He went hastily on deck, half dressed and nearly frantic through fear, +to ascertain his opinion of the probable extent of the danger to which +they were exposed. But, alas! the old man, who had been placed at the +helm as the only person capable of conducting the vessel in so perilous +a situation, had been swept overboard by one of the early surges. He +spoke to many, but none seemed disposed to listen to him; each person +being too much engaged with his own concerns to attend to those of +others. + +Every hand seemed paralyzed; the vessel without a steersman at the +helm--without a sailor to haul down a shroud, was cleaving the ocean at +the mercy of the winds and the waves! + +His sense of guilt at this moment was overpowering; hitherto (partly +occasioned by ignorance, and partly by depraved habits of life) a degree +of thoughtlessness had possessed him, which it is almost impossible to +conceive could reign in the breast of a being endued with reason. Now +indeed his eyes were open to his fate--to his earthly fate; a strange +foreboding came upon him; it was a species of instinctive horror; he +could not look beyond it. Whether there was a being who ruled the world, +or whether there was not, had never been the subject of his meditations; +yet a secret whisper intimated to him that death would not be the bound +of his hopes and his fears--of his joys and his sorrows. + +He was conscious of the blackness of his crime, which indeed was of the +deepest dye, and that he had never till then experienced the arm of +vengeance. He shuddered as the violence of the tempest increased. + +He had braved the seas--he had fought with the enemies of his country; +but never did fear paralyze the daring Cedric before. He fell senseless +on the deck entangled in the shattered cordage, whereby he was preserved +from being washed overboard by the mountain billows, which every moment +engulfed the vessel, threatening immediate destruction to all on board. + +The murkiest cloud that ever hid the skies from the view of man, now +rode in universal blackness over the horror-stricken crew, which, +opening every pore, as though at once to overwhelm creation, poured +forth its contents like one vast sea descending to overflow another. The +winds gathered from every quarter with unparalleled fury. Thunders +rolled with that incessant clamour which pervades a field of earthly +battle; but artillery, whose dreadful note hath made the hardiest and +the boldest quake, utters with but feeble voice to that which that night +growled on the craggy shores of India. And lightnings fell, as when +Elijah called on heaven to answer him, and fire descended to proclaim +the true Jehovah's name, and hail the one true prophet! + +The Levantine now struck with tremendous force against a rock, which lay +concealed amidst the swelling waters, and instantaneously disappeared, +leaving the wretched crew floating on the surface--borne on the billows! + +Cedric, by the tumultuous fury of the element, was thrown on a shelf of +one of the steep rocks which form a natural barrier between the sea and +land; being recovered from his stupor, he was again awake to the horrors +that surrounded him; what had become of his comrades he knew not--he +thought not. He clung to a fragment of the precipice with the +desperation and firm grasp of madness--while every successive tide that +rolled over his head became stronger and stronger. + +He counted the billows as they passed over him; he watched the receding +wave--he looked sternly at the approaching one. Time with him was fast +ebbing. The wave that was to wash him into eternity was already curling +towards him in fearful whiteness, which the glare of lightnings that +seemed to illuminate the universe showed him in all its terrors. + +At the same time he distinguished a towering rock which the darkness had +hitherto obscured, but which now rose in awful majesty before him, +amidst the spray and foam of the heaving surges, and seemed a sea-god's +throne! The sublimity and magnificence of the storm were now at their +height! On the summit of the conical rock, which was reddened by the +fierce blaze of the brilliant fires that incessantly played around it, +appeared a colossal figure, arrayed in white, whose long tresses and +flowing robes streamed with the wind. The figure pointed at the hopeless +Cedric with a deadly smile on his countenance. Cedric glared wildly at +the unearthly vision. The last whelming wave approached and buried him +for ever in the foaming sea. + +The spectre mounted his car, attended by an innumerable host of +tributary spirits, and was borne on the whirlwind to visit other climes. +He was the Spirit of the Storm! + +CYMBELINE. + + * * * * * + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. + +RECOLLECTIONS OF AN OLD FAVOURITE. + + + "In his wine he would volunteer an imitation of somebody, + generally of Incledon. His imitation was vocal; I made + pretensions to the oratorical parts; and between us, we boasted, + that we made up the entire phenomenon." + LEIGH HUNT'S BYRON. + +"Of Incledon? poor Charles Incledon!" said I, turning to his portrait in +the "Storm," hanging in goodly fellowship with a few of the idols of my +theatrical days, Siddons, Kemble, Bannister, Mrs. Jordan, and G. Cook, +in my little book-room--"Poor Charles Incledon! The mighty in genius, +the high in birth, the conceited in talent, have not forgotten thee, +then--and will even condescend to imitate thee, to imitate _thee_ who +wast _inimitable_!" I arose and walked about my little sanctum in +meditative mood. The days of old came o'er me--the benefit nights--the +play-bills, with the "Storm," "Black-eyed Susan," &c. in the largest +type, as forming the most attractive morceaux in the bill of fare. Then +followed the squeeze in June! through that horrid passage in the old +Covent Garden Theatre!--then the well-earned climax--Incledon in blue +jacket, white trousers, red waistcoat, smart hat and cane--the +representative of Britain's best defenders, in holiday +garb--unaccompanied by orchestra or instruments, depending upon naught +but "the human voice divine," after his usual walk before the lights, +and repeatedly licking his lips, (as if he thought that the sweet sounds +which were accustomed to flow from them must leave honey +behind),--rolling forth with that vast volume of voice, at once +astonishing and delightful--"All in the downs the fleet lay moored;" and +then followed the strain of love, manly love and constancy, in the +beautiful language of Gay, and in tones so rich, so clear, so sweet! +every faculty was absorbed in the sense of hearing! the hair seemed to +rise, the flesh to stir! the silence of the audience was holy--they +durst not, they could not, even applaud that which so enchanted them, +for fear of losing a note--I really think I could have struck any one +who could have shouted a "bravo!"--Never were Milton's lines, + + "Soft Lydian airs + Married to immortal verse, + Such as the meeting soul may pierce + In notes, with many a winding bout + Of linked sweetness long drawn out, + With wanton heed and giddy cunning; + The melting voice through mazes running, + Untwisting all the chains that tie + The hidden soul of harmony." + +so illustrated as in the last line of Gay's "Black-eyed Susan,"-- + + "Adieu, she cried, and waved her lily hand," + +as sung by Incledon in his prime. + +'Tis strange! here was "a voice that hath failed," and little or nothing +said of it--"Died at Worcester, on ----, the celebrated vocalist, +Charles Incledon," without further comment, was all that most of the +periodicals said at his decease. I recollect nothing worthy of him being +put forth, no essay upon his voice and style--and why? because poor +Charles Incledon had ceased to be the fashion! + +The time is somewhat advanced, but the quotation at the head of this +article has brought to my mind what ought to have been done by abler +hands; and I will endeavour to point out what we possessed in this +singer, and what we have lost by his death. + +And how am I qualified, for the task? With respect to the knowledge of +the _science_ of music I cannot boast--but Rousseau says--"Disoit +autrefois un sage, c'est an poete a faire de la poesie, et an musicien a +faire de la musique; mais il n'appartient qu'au philosophe de _bien_ +parle de l'une et de l'autre." And there are hearts, such as inspired +the poet when he wrote-- + + "Withdraw yourself + Unto this neighbouring grove; there shall you see + How the sweet treble of the chirping birds, + And the sweet stirring of the moved leaves, + Running delightful descant to the sound + Of the base murmuring of the bubbling brook, + Becomes a concert of good instruments, + While twenty babbling echoes round about, + Out of the stony concave of their mouths, + Restore the vanish'd music of each close, + And fill your ears full with redoubled pleasure."[4] + +such as warmed Spenser when he wrote his "Bowre of Blesse;" Tasso his +"Gardens of Armida;" Collins his "Melancholy," who + + "Pour'd through the mellow horn her pensive soul"-- + +such hearts, I say, and such as have drunk with unsatiated thirst at the +fountains of these "masters of the lay," are better qualified to speak +upon a question of the "concord of sweet sounds" than all the merely +scientific musicians, whether professors or amateurs, in the world. + + [4] "Lingua." Dodsley's Old Plays. + +"Of melody aye held in thrall," I profess myself an admirer of that +English music which preceded the appearance of Mr. Braham--the music of +Arne, Jackson, Carter, Storace, Linley, Shield, Davy, even of Dibdin, +and of those fine airs, (the names of whose composers are now little +better than traditional), which glow in the Beggar's Opera. And of this +music there never was heard a singer equal to Incledon, and perhaps +never will. The pathos, the richness, the roundness, the satisfying +fulness to the ear, which characterize these composers, can never be +mastered by the _merely scientific_ singer; _they_ composed for the +_voice_, and without that organ in its most perfect state, complete +justice can never be done to their strains. + +I before said these masters flourished previous to the debut of Mr. +Braham; for it is in a great measure owing to that gentleman, and the +false taste he introduced and has kept alive, that they are now so +seldom heard in our theatres, concerts, or drawing-rooms. We have lost +the notes of melody and feeling, and what have we in their stead? The +glitter and plagiarism of Rossini, the ponderous science of Weber, and +the absolute trash of all our English composers. The last mentioned +gentlemen certainly came into court "in forma pauperis,"--satisfied with +the merit of arrangers, harmonizers, &c., and are found to confess, when +detection is probable, that the very soul of their pieces--the +melody[5]--is taken from such an Italian, such a Sicilian, Greek, nay +even Russian air. + + [5] "Melody is the essence of Music," said Mozart to Michael + Kelly; "I compare a good melodist to a _fine racer_, and + counter-points to _hack post-horses_." + +I think I can, in some degree, account for the fashion these composers +have gained, and why, I fear, they are likely to maintain it. It is that +the _public have become too musical_. Every female, from the highest to +the lowest, whose parents can purchase a piano-forte, and pay a master, +_must_ learn music; the number of teachers and pupils are multiplied +without end; and out of either class how many are there qualified by +nature as singers? Not two in fifty. What follows? By labour and +attention _science_ may be acquired, although _voice_ cannot. The +voiceless teacher may instruct his voiceless pupil in the foppery of an +art, the _spirit_ of which is unattainable by either; pieces merely +scientific are placed by him on her piano--are performed to the credit +of both, with vast execution, as far as respects the science and the +harmony---but as for the singing, as singing ought to be, 'tis + + "Worse than the howling of Irish wolves against the moon." + +Well--_Miss_, from the expense and pains bestowed upon her, must, of +course, be the musical oracle of the family; the father must forego his +favourite old songs, written by "_honest_ Harry Carey," (as Ritson +insists on his being called); the mother is laughed to scorn if she +mentions "Auld Robin Gray," "Mary's Dream," "Oh, Nanny, wilt thou gang +wi' me?"--or such obsolete stuff;--and even the brothers, who might +stickle a little for Moore's melodies, + + "With thoughts that breathe and words that burn," + +are silenced with, "Pooh! any body can sing them." + +Thus is the family taste made up; and this extends to the patronage of +singers in the style alone deemed correct, as it is the quantity of +public patronage which must influence the manager of either theatre or +concert in the persons he engages. And thus has the great extension of +musical taste been injurious to music. + +But, to return to our old favourite. All who remember him must likewise +remember his powers of attraction ere this blight of _fashion_ had come +over us. Witness his various benefits, and above all, that at the Opera +House, producing, it is said, 1,500_l_. Such marks of public favour, +added to the constant request of company, both public and private, and +to a man who, like Incledon, _loved_ his art, were sure to be productive +of _vanity_--vanity, the besetting sin of all great men, from Alexander +on his Persian throne, to Mr. Kean enthroned in the Coal Hole.--His +education had been limited. The songs chiefly in vogue at the early part +of the late war were _nautical_, which led him to a bold, free style; +these were his faults--vanity, want of cultivation, and a freedom of +manner approaching to excess. But he had a qualification as a singer +which threw all these into shade. The "Spectator," I believe, somewhere +says it is necessary for a good dancer to have a good understanding; but +I think it is much more necessary for a good singer to have a _good and +feeling heart_; and whether singing or acting his part in the drama of +life, with family, friends, or brother (not forgetting sister) +performers, Charles Incledon had as warm a heart as ever beat. + +I cannot completely effect my purpose of reminding the public of what +they have lost in this fine singer, without recurrence to the songs in +which he earned his fame. "Pleasant is the recollection of the joys that +are passed," says Ossian; and what a delightful store-house of melody is +opened by the remembrance of these songs! At the head of the list, in +unapproachable beauty, stand his "Black-eyed Susan," "Storm," "Old +Towler," and "Lads of the Village;" songs which few voices can attempt, +and none dare hope to equal him in. Then, as operas, we had first his +Macheath, a part in which, notwithstanding what has been said of his +slovenly acting, I think him unequalled. His was the voice to burst +forth in the rich melodies of that _equivocal_ piece--_he_ was the +_gentleman_ who, if ruined by excess, could become the _highwayman_--his +was the dashing, manly style to ensnare either a Polly or a Lucy. Poor +Macheath is now emasculated, because _no man_ has voice to sing his +songs. I have heard Mr. Young has played the part, and "report speaks +goldenly" of his singing, and I deeply regret not having heard him. I +understand he sings Moore's melodies better than any body; and think it +likely, from the few "snatches" I have heard him give. By the bye, +excepting the hurried, thick utterance of Incledon when speaking, there +is great resemblance, as far as regards voice, between that singer and +Mr. Young. + +As a Shakspearean, I must class next his two sweet songs in "As You Like +it." His was the pipe to be listened to amongst the warblers of +"Ardenne," in Dr. Arne's delicious "Blow! blow! thou Winter's wind," and +"Under the green-wood tree." "Oh!" as Jaques says, "I can suck +melancholy from the recollection of these songs as a weasel sucks eggs." +Then follow Jackson of Exeter's "Lord of the Manor," and Dibdin's +"Quaker" and "Waterman;" pieces after Incledon's own heart; all free, +rich, clear melody, without glitter. + +But of all the composers of his own day, Shield[6] was his favourite; +and justly. He furnished him with most of his popular songs. The singer +was the peculiar organ of the composer--his "Thorn," his "Mouth which a +Smile," "Tom Moody," "Heaving the Lead," and many, many others, seem to +have faded away with the voice of the melodist. + + [6] Let the lover of melody look over the list of works + published, in the obituary of that beautiful composer! + +But I find, were I to run through, as I proposed, all the songs +_peculiar_ to my hero, I should, most likely, tire my reader. The +delight with which I dwell upon them is a species of egotism; I will +therefore only name a few more, and "leave him alone with his +glory."--"Sally in our Alley," the song Addison was so fond of; what an +_association!_ "Post Captain," "Brown Jug." In his decline, even "His +father he lost," and "On Lethe's banks," in Artaxerxes;--hear the +singers of the present day sing these songs! "Bay of Biscay," "When +Vulcan forged," the second of "All's Well," "Bet, sweet blossom," "Will +Watch," "Last Whistle," &c. &c. Alas! alas! and all this over! He has +piped his last whistle, and poor Charles "sleeps in peace with the +dead!" + +In concluding, I cannot but observe, that no singer has so completely +identifies himself with particular songs. Those in which he most +excelled, he stamped as his own--no one can touch them "while his memory +be green." + +When the race who heard him has faded away, some one may attempt them; +but I should as soon think of going to see Mr. Kean play Coriolanus, as +to hear another sing "Black-eyed Susan." My mind is filled--I have +Kemble's noble patrician _perfect_ before me; I have Gay's ballad in +Incledon's notes as fully in "my mind's _ear_," and I would not have +them displaced. + +_Blackwood's Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + + Shakspeare. + +_The following is inscribed on a black Tablet in Sherborne Church, +Dorset:_ + + This Monument was erected by + Mr. Thomas Mansel, of this Towne, + in remembrance of a great hailstorme, + May 16th, 1709, + between the hours of one and four in + the afternoon; + which stopping the course of a small + river, west of this church, caused of a + sudden an extraordinary flood in the + Abbey Garden and Green, + running with so rapid a stream, that it + forced open the north door of the + church, displaced and removed about + 1,222 feet of the pavement, and was + two feet and ten inches high as it + passed out at this south door. + +_Sturminster._ + +RURIS. + + * * * * * + + +ANTIQUITY AND INTEREST. + + +In the kitchen of a public house called the Cross in Hand, at Waldron, +in Sussex, there is an ancient couple, who appear to have been +companions for more than seven hundred years. These are a pair of dog, +or brandirons, with the date of 1115 on each. Suppose their original +cost to have been five shillings; this sum put out at simple interest, +together with the principal, would now have amounted to nine pounds, +twelve shillings, and sixpence; but at compound interest it would be two +hundred and fifty eight billions, seven hundred and eighty four +millions, two hundred and thirty thousand, six hundred and fifty six +pounds sterling. + +J.B.--Y. + + * * * * * + +King James I. mounting a horse that was unruly, said, "The de'il tak' my +saul, sirrah, and ye be na quiet, I'll send ye to the five hundred kings +in the House of Commons--they'll soon tame you." + +On the road to Hastings are two hotels, nearly opposite one another, the +one kept by a person of the name of Hogsflesh, the other by a person +named Bacon. + +T.R.W. + + * * * * * + + +A JUDICIOUS TITLE. + + +On a vacancy on the Scotch bench, a certain advocate of some standing at +the bar, but by no means remarkable for the brilliancy of his parts, or +the extent of his legal knowledge, was in full expectation of being +appointed to the vacant gown. This is done by a court letter, signed +with the King's sign manual. In the full flutter of his darling hopes, +he one day encountered an old brother lawyer, notorious for the acidity +of his temper, and the poignancy and acrimony of his remarks. "Weel, +friend Robby," said the latter, "I hear you're to get the vacant +gown."--"Yes, Mr. C--k, I have every reason to believe so."--"Have ye +gotten doon your letter yet frae London?"--"No: but I expect an express +every minute."--"Nae doot, nae doot; have you bethocht yoursel o' what +teetle ye're to tak'? Lord H--n will never do; ye ken that's the teetle +o' ane o' oor grandest dukes. Gudesake, for a bit session lordy, like +you, to gang by that style and teetle o' ane high and michty prince! +that wad be a bonny boorlesque on a' warldly honours and dignities. Weel +a weel, let that be a pass over. Noo a teetle ye maun hae, that's as +clear as the licht, and there's ane come just now into my head that will +answer ye to a T; when ye're a lord, freend, Robby, ye'll be Lord +Preserve Us?"--"You are very impertinent Mr. C--k," replied the nettled +judge expectant; "I am sure you may find a waur."--There never, perhaps, +was, or will be, comprehended so much pithy meaning and bitter sarcasm +in a single syllable, as that which formed the astounding +response--"Whaur (where)?" + + * * * * * + + +GREGORY THE GREAT A PUNSTER. + + +Gregory the great was a punster, as appears from an anecdote related of +him, and which gave the first impulse to his exertions to promulgate +Christianity in this country. It was sometime before he was advanced to +St. Peter's chair, and when he was only a deacon in the church, that he +saw some handsome youths for sale in the open market: struck with their +appearance, he inquired whence they were, and was answered they were +_Angli (English.)_ "They are rightly called," said he, "for they seem +Angeli," (of or belonging to angels,) and asking what province they were +of among the Angli; he was told of _Deira_ (part of the kingdom of +Northumbria.) Ah, exclaimed he, _De ira Dei sunt liberandi_. Learning +farther that their king was named _Alle_, he said how fitly may he sing +_Alle_lujahs to God, who possesseth such subjects. From that time he +seriously endeavoured to bring about the conversion of the English +nation, and a few years afterwards, being Pope, he happily effected it +by the travels and labours of St. Augustine, who was the first +Archbishop of Canterbury. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH + + +_In St. Mary's Churchyard, Lambeth._ + + God takes the good, too good to stay, + He leaves the bad, too bad to take away. + + * * * * * + + +MUSIC. + + +_Voluntary composed under the impulse of peculiar sensibility, by +Rainer, of Frankfort._ + + Fol, di, lol, tol, tiddle lol de de di do + ral tal lil liddle lal lal de ra. + + * * * * * + + +ORTHOGRAPHY. + +The following is a literal copy of a notice upon a gate between +Cheltenham and Gloucester:-- + + "Here is No Public Road: whosdomnever + tresprss on wil be proccuted to + the hutmast Reglar." + +C.J.T. + + * * * * * + + +HONOURABLE SERVICE. + + + If one has served thee, tell the deed to many, + Hast thou served many, tell it not to any. + + * * * * * + + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE +_Following Novels is already Published;_ + + s. d. +Mackenzie's Man of Feeling . . . . . 0 6 +Paul and Virginia . . . . . . . . . . 0 6 +The Castle of Otranto . . . . . . . . 0 6 +Almoran and Harnet . . . . . . . . . 0 6 +Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia . 0 6 +The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne . 0 6 +Rasselas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 8 +The Old English Baron . . . . . . . . 0 8 +Nature and Art . . . . . . . . . . . 0 8 +Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield . . . 0 10 +Sicilian Romance . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 +The Man of the World . . . . . . . . 1 0 +A Simple Story . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 +Joseph Andrews . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 +Humphry Clinker . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 +The Romance of the Forest . . . . . . 1 8 +The Italian . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 +Zeluco, by Dr. Moore . . . . . . . . 2 6 +Edward, by Dr Moore . . . . . . . . . 2 6 +Roderick Random . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 +The Mysteries of Udolpho . . . . . . 3 6 +Peregrine Pickle . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, +Strand, (near Somerset House,) London; sold +by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, +Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers._ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 393 *** + +***** This file should be named 11245.txt or 11245.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/4/11245/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David King, and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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