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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/11234-h.zip b/11234-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8174d96 --- /dev/null +++ b/11234-h.zip diff --git a/11234-h/11234-h.htm b/11234-h/11234-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fef084 --- /dev/null +++ b/11234-h/11234-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2230 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; +charset=us-ascii" /> + + <title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 397.</title> + + <style type="text/css"> + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + + .note, .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 8em;} + + .figure {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img {border: none;} + .figure p + --> + </style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 397, Saturday, November 7, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 23, 2004 [EBook #11234] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: US-ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 397 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + <hr class="full" /> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page289" name="page289"></a>[pg 289]</span> + + <h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table width="100%" summary="Banner"> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>Vol. XIV. No. 397.]</b></td> + <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1829.</b></td> + <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<h2> +Burleigh, Northamptonshire.</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;"> + <a href="images/397-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/397-1.png" +alt="Burleigh, Northamptonshire." /></a> + </div> + +<p> +The above is a view of the grand screen and entrance lodges to Burleigh, +or Burghley, the seat of the Cecil family, and now the property of the +Marquess of Exeter. The house and principal part of the demesne, are +within the parish of Stamford St. Martin, in the church of which are +some costly monuments to several eminent persons of the Cecil family; +and this estate gave title to William Cecil, Baron Burleigh, in 1570. +The park was formed, and the mansion, which is one of the most splendid +in the kingdom, was mostly built by the great Lord Treasurer, in the +time of Queen Elizabeth, and the following inscription, over one of the +entrances, within a central court, records the era of this work:—"W. +DOM. DE BVRGHLEY, 1577." Beneath the turret is the date of 1585, when +some grand additions were made to the mansion; and the above Grand +Entrance, towards the north, appears to have been added in 1587. Since +these dates, several material alterations and additions have been made +by subsequent possessors; and the whole, as a building, with its vast +and varied collection of works of art, is one of the most magnificent +show-houses in England. The spacious and finely wooded park and large +lake are also very fine. The house surrounds a square court, to the east +of which is the great hall, kitchen, various domestic offices, with +spacious stables, coach-houses, &c.—all indicative of the splendid +hospitalities of the Elizabethean age and old English character. The +south front commands a fine sloping lawn, with a broad sheet of water, +formed by Brown, together with some interesting park-scenery; the +western side has nearly the same views, with the advantage of distant +objects in Rutlandshire, Lincolnshire, and the spires of Stamford. From +the north front the ground gradually slopes to the river Welland. A +complete list of the pictures and valuable curiosities of Burleigh will +be found in a Guide published by the ingenious Mr. Drakard, bookseller, +of Stamford, as well as in that gentleman's excellent <i>History of +Stamford</i>. +</p><p> +About two miles west of Burleigh, are the ruins of Wothorp, or Worthorp +House. According to Camden, a mansion +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page290" name="page290"></a>[pg 290]</span> +of considerable size was erected +here by Thomas Cecil, the first Earl of Burleigh, who jocularly said, +"he built it only to retire to out of the dust, while his great house at +Burleigh was sweeping." After the Restoration the Duke of Buckingham +resided here for some years.</p> + +<hr/> + + +<h3> +THE LION'S ROAR.</h3> +<h4> +(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Sad is my grief, and violent my rage,</p> +<p class="i2">Furious I knock my head against the rail,</p> +<p> That damns me to this miserable cage;</p> +<p class="i2">Fierce as a Jack Tar with his well chew'd tail,</p> +<p> I dash my spittle on the ground, and roar</p> +<p> Loud as the trump to bid us be no more.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> I am the doughty, the illustrious beast,</p> +<p class="i2">Called Leo, father of the Panther young,</p> +<p> Tho' last begotten, not belov'd the least,</p> +<p class="i2">You all know I have a roast beef tongue:</p> +<p> Then, hear my John Bull clamour, hear my shout!</p> +<p> Why, why the d——, roust we all tarn out?</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Did I not keep a beef-eater below</p> +<p class="i2">To show the ladies to my monarch cave?</p> +<p> I kept a constant levee day of show,</p> +<p class="i2">And seldom monarchs so polite behave!</p> +<p> You paid far less for seeing me, I ken,</p> +<p> Than <i>porterage</i> for seeing noble men.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Did I not eat my supper in your presence.</p> +<p class="i2">And gnaw the beef bone with a greedy tusk?</p> +<p> Did you not shudder at the marrow's essence,</p> +<p class="i2">Not quite so beautiful or sweet as musk?</p> +<p> Did I not ope my lion fauces wider</p> +<p> Than is the difference 'twixt Moore and Ryder?</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Then, why the d——?—I'm obliged to swear!</p> +<p class="i2">Must we turn out, to grace the monarch's mews,</p> +<p> From the thronged Strand which seemed our native air,</p> +<p class="i2">And, where as thick as piety in pews,</p> +<p> We growl'd within our dens, nor hop'd to change,</p> +<p> Nor wish'd, Instead of Exeter, a change.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Sweet lovely corner, neighb'ring the Lyceum,</p> +<p class="i2">Lord of whose showy board I used to crow.</p> +<p> Frighting my brethren when folks came to see 'em,</p> +<p class="i2">Or cutlery of Mr. Clarke below;</p> +<p> I mourn thee in the King's Mews, Mr. Cross</p> +<p> Get Mr. Southey's muse to sing my loss.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Yes, I am chang'd, like shillings from the Mint</p> +<p class="i2">Sent forth to find another one's protection!</p> +<p> Chang'd as palaver which the members print</p> +<p class="i2">And do not follow after their election!</p> +<p> Ah! Mr. Cross, your gratitude is low,</p> +<p> You might have ask'd me where I wish'd to go.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Since we have turn'd out, like a minister</p> +<p class="i2">Whose day of residence on loaves and fishes,</p> +<p> Finding himself unable to defer,</p> +<p class="i2">He offers up, as if 'twere to his wishes;</p> +<p> Listen, tho' lately coming, to my moan,</p> +<p> And then I'll tell you where we <i>should</i> have gone.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> The Monkeys should have dwelt in the Arcade,</p> +<p class="i2">And join'd their fellows, and their brethren Ape</p> +<p> Sat in the shop where clothes are ready made,</p> +<p class="i2">To show how elegant they fit the shape!</p> +<p> The Bears gone westward also, ne'er to range</p> +<p> The city, lest they got upon the Change.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> The Tigers, with their talons might have got</p> +<p class="i2">A place as blood letters to Dr. Brooks!</p> +<p> The Ounces found themselves a cosy spot</p> +<p class="i2">In a confectioner's or pastrycook's,</p> +<p> And yet I question howsoe'er they bake,</p> +<p> That <i>sixteen ounces</i> make not a <i>pound</i>-cake.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> And, O, you Elephant!—I beg your pardon!</p> +<p class="i2">Dead Chunee! listen to my grave petition,</p> +<p> And take your ivory to Covent Garden;</p> +<p class="i2">That they may furnish me a free admission,</p> +<p> And you, you Lynx, you ought to out, and sally</p> +<p> The Winter Theatres, or dark blind alley.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> The lovely Zebra, Asia's painted ass,</p> +<p class="i2">'Stead of a den, and bed of straw possessor,</p> +<p> Down to old Cambridge should have had a pass,</p> +<p class="i2">To fill the office of some wise professor;</p> +<p> Then, had he shown each antiquated quiz,</p> +<p> His Zebra auricles were long as his.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Thus had we all obtained a proper station,</p> +<p class="i2">'Twere in one day of happiness to cruise.</p> +<p> And I had never written my vexation</p> +<p class="i2">At being palac'd in the Royal Mews.</p> +<p> The reason for which conduct I'm at loss,</p> +<p> O, Mr. Cross, 'tay'nt you, but I am cross.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> I really thought thou had'st been much genteeler,</p> +<p class="i2"><i>Polite</i>-o was thy grandfather, remember</p> +<p> Thou wert a Merchant Tailor, and a stealer</p> +<p class="i2">To school in younger days, in cold December,</p> +<p> Then did thy fingers, shiv'ring like a Russ,</p> +<p> Make thee to feel—thou could'st not feel for us.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> At Charing Cross, the Golden Cross is thine</p> +<p class="i2">No longer; why, then hurry us so near it,</p> +<p> We do not in the little tap-room dine,</p> +<p class="i2">Where Greenwich cads and Walworth jarvies beer it,</p> +<p> This Mews is cold to the Exchange's glow,</p> +<p> Belle Sauvage Cross, thou'rt <i>beau sauvage</i>, I trow.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> My usage is the best, I don't deny,</p> +<p class="i2">Thou'st fee'd the keeper, and he likes to feed us,</p> +<p> But, then the situation I decry,</p> +<p class="i2">But crying's useless—who the deuce will heed us?</p> +<p> Then, reader would you listen to my wail,</p> +<p> Come, and but see me, "I'll unfold my tail."</p> +</div></div><h4> +P.T.</h4> + +<hr/> + + +<h3> +CALCULATING CHILD.</h3> + +<center> +(<i>Translated from the last number of the Revue Encyclopedique. By a +Correspondent</i>.)</center> +<h4> +(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p> +A boy, seven years of age, whose name is Vincent Zuccaro, has excited +the public attention at Palermo for some time past. This child, born of +poor and +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page291" name="page291"></a>[pg 291]</span> + uneducated parents, possesses an extraordinary talent for +calculation; his mind seizes, as it were, by instinct, all the varied +combinations of numbers, which he unravels with equal facility. The +various reports which had been spread throughout the city, respecting +his talents, appeared so incredible, that a public meeting of literary +men was expressly convened, for the purpose of examining his +pretensions. The meeting was held on the 30th of January last, at the +Academy <i>Del Buon Gusto</i>, and consisted of upwards of four hundred +persons, among whom were observed some of the most distinguished +literati and influential persons of the city. Two Professors of +Mathematics were stationed near the child, to prevent collusion or +fraud, and to take minutes of the questions proposed, with the answers +returned. A great number of questions were proposed, which Vincent +Zuccaro answered with a facility that excited general admiration. We +shall only extract two of the most simple, as some of the questions +would be hardly intelligible to general readers: +</p><p> +Question 1.—A ship set sail at noon from Naples to Palermo (the +distance between the two cities being 180 miles), and sailed at the rate +of ten miles an hour; another ship set off at the same time, to sail +from Palermo to Naples, at the rate of seven miles per hour: at what +time did the ships meet each other, and what was the distance sailed by +each? Vincent Zuccaro immediately replied—The first ship sailed 105 +15/17 miles; the second, 74 2/17 miles. It was then observed to him, +that he had only answered part of the question, and that the hour of +meeting had been omitted. He then said this would be 10 10-17 hours +after the time of the departure. The child had perceived that this part +of the answer was implicitly contained in the former; which he also +imagined the examiners perceived as well as himself, and therefore he +omitted it. +</p><p> +Question 2.—In three successive attacks upon a town, a quarter of the +assailants perished in the first attack, a fifth in the second, and a +sixth in the last, when their number was reduced to 138 men. Required +the original number? Answer, 360. +</p><p> +Q.—How did you find that number? +</p><p> +A.—If the number had been 60, there would eventually have remained 23; +now 23 being the sixth of 138, the assailants were 6 times 60 or 360 at +first. +</p><p> +Q.—Why did you suppose the number 60, rather than 50 or 70? +</p><p> +A.—Because neither 50 nor 70 are divisible by 4 or 6. +</p><p> +From these questions and replies, it will be readily understood that the +child does not employ the ordinary artifices of mathematicians. Marquess +Scriso, who was the first person to discover this singular talent, is +about, with several other persons of distinction in the city, to solicit +the aid of Government in the education of the child, every one being +fully aware of the impropriety of subjecting him to the ordinary mode of +education. +</p> +<hr/> + + +<h3> +"OUT OF SEASON," OR THE BEAU'S LAMENT.</h3> +<h4> +(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4> +<p> +"There is no labour so great as idleness." +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Heigho! what a blank is our being! ahi!</p> +<p class="i2">For there's nobody left in the town,</p> +<p> That's nobody fit to associate with <i>me;</i></p> +<p class="i2">Dinner's up, but my spirits are down,</p> +<p> I can't eat or drink (how should I?) for sorrow,</p> +<p class="i2">And the lack of some usual treat,</p> +<p> And I surely should hang me, or marry tomorrow,</p> +<p class="i2">Were there not a few <i>bawls</i> in the street.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Hang! marry! said I, why I'm now <i>drown'd</i> in tears,</p> +<p class="i2">Who am wont in <i>sham pain</i> to lose real;</p> +<p> And could pull my own house down, about my own ears</p> +<p class="i2">For lack of amusements ideal;</p> +<p> But plays, concerts, shopping, Di'ramas so bright,</p> +<p class="i2">That enlarge the pent mind at a view,</p> +<p> Are fled with my friends; I'm the wretchedest <i>wight</i></p> +<p class="i2">That from devil <i>ennui</i>, e'er look'd <i>blue!</i></p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> O horrible! horrible <i>world!</i> there's not e'en</p> +<p class="i2">An old maid in't, to ask me to tea;</p> +<p> Not fit, or in country or town, to <i>be</i> seen,</p> +<p class="i2">They have hurried off, blindly <i>to see!</i></p> +<p> Parks, houses, clubs, shops, churches, squares, <i>deserts</i> seem;</p> +<p class="i2">Quite flat, Magazines and Newspapers;</p> +<p> Ah, what shall I do? make a trial of <i>steam,</i></p> +<p class="i2">In order to banish the <i>vapours?</i></p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Shall I swallow my dinner? I can't—shall I sleep?</p> +<p class="i2">Then I don't get away from <i>myself!</i></p> +<p> Shall I think what a beau I have <i>once</i> been, and weep</p> +<p class="i2">Like a belle, that is laid on the shelf?</p> +<p> Shall I write? shall I read? ah, yes, that will do,</p> +<p class="i2">But an old book is terrible stuff:</p> +<p> Boy, get the new novel, stop, <i>reading's</i> so new,</p> +<p class="i2">That a <i>book</i> will be <i>novel</i> enough!</p> +</div></div> +<h4> +M.L.B.</h4> + +<hr/> + + +<h3> +ANCIENT HISTORY OF DRURY LANE.</h3> +<h4> +(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4> + +<p> +The reader will most probably exclaim, "Ancient History of Drury Lane! +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page292" name="page292"></a>[pg 292]</span> +What a farce!" A dirty lane filled with all complexions of hawkers and +pedlars, licensed and unlicensed!—true incurious reader, Gay has sung +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> + <p><i>"Of Drury's mazy courts and dark abodes;"</i></p> +</div></div> +<p> +yet the topographical and theatrical loiterer may call to mind many +<i>pleasing</i> reminiscences, although mingled with <i>unpleasing +ones</i>:</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "Who has not here a watch or snuff-box lost,</p> +<p> Or handkerchiefs that India's shuttle boast."</p> +</div></div><h4> +GAY.</h4> + +<p> +Stowe says, "Drury Lane, so called, for that there is a house belonging +to the family of the Druries.<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> This lane turneth north towards S. +Giles in the field. From the south end of this lane in the high street, +are divers faire buildings, hostelries, and houses for gentlemen, and +men of honor, &c."</p> + +<p> +Nightingale tells us, "The west end of Wych Street was formerly +ornamented by Drury House, built by Sir William Drury, an able commander +in the Irish wars, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and who +unfortunately fell in a duel with Sir John Burroughs, through a foolish +quarrel about precedency. During the time of the fatal discontents of +Elizabeth's favourite, the Earl of Essex, it was the place where his +imprudent advisers resolved on such counsels, as terminated in the +destruction of him and his adherents. In the next century it was +possessed by the heroic Earl of Craven, who rebuilt it. It was lately a +large brick pile, concealed by other buildings and was a public-house, +bearing the sign of the Queen of Bohemia's Head, the earl's admired +mistress, whose battles he fought animated by love and duty. When he +could aspire to her hand, he is supposed to have succeeded, and it is +said, that they were privately married; and that he built for her the +fine seat at Hampstead Marshal, in the county of Berks, afterwards +destroyed by fire. The services rendered by the earl to London, his +native city, in particular, were exemplary. He was so indefatigable in +preventing the ravages of the frequent fires of those days, that it was +said his very horse smelt it out. He and Monk, Duke of Albemarle,<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> +heroically staid in town during the dreadful pestilence, and at the +hazard of their lives preserved order in the midst of the terror of the +times." The house was taken down, and the ground purchased by Mr. Philip +Astley, who built there the Olympic Pavilion. In Craven Buildings there +was formerly a very good portrait of the Earl of Craven in armour, with +a truncheon in his hand, and mounted on his white horse. The Theatre +Royal in this street, originated on the Restoration. "The king made a +grant of a patent (says Pennant) for acting in what was then called the +Cockpit, and the Phoenix, the actors were the king's servants, were on +the establishment, and ten of them were called gentlemen of the Great +Chamber, and had ten yards of scarlet cloth allowed them, with a +suitable quantity of lace."</p> + +<p> +There is a curious specimen of ancient architecture at the sign of the +Cock and Magpie public-house, facing Craven Buildings. Smith, in his +<i>London</i>, says, "The late Mr. Thomas Batrich, barber, of Drury +Lane, (who died in 1815, aged 85 years,) informed me that Theophilus +Cibber was the author of many of the prize-fighting bills, and that he +frequently attended and encouraged his favourites. It may be here +observed, that Drury Lane had seldom less than seven fights on a Sunday +morning, all going on at the same time on distinct spots." At present, +the fights are between the apple-women and the dogberries, respecting +the <i>legal tenure of stalls</i>:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "Bess Hoy first found it troublesome to bawl,</p> +<p> And therefore plac'd her cherries on a <i>stall</i>."</p> +</div></div> +<h4> +KING.</h4> + +<p> +Drury Lane will always be interesting to the theatrical loiterer, +from the number of <i>stars</i> that have <i>irradiated</i> from its +<i>horizon</i>. If the wise Solon had lived in our times, he would no +doubt have felt a local attachment to this neighbourhood; for he +frequented plays even in the decline of life. And Plutarch informs us, +he thought plays useful to polish the manners, and instil the principles +of virtue.</p> +<h4> +P.T.W.</h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +SOLUTION OF THE ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH,</h3> +<center> +(See Mirror, vol. xiv. page 214.)</center> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> O! Superbe! Mors superte! Cur Superbis?</p> +<p> Deus supernos! negat superbis vitam supernam.</p> +<p> Proud man know this! then wherefore art thou proud?</p> +<p> This awful doom—terrific cries aloud—</p> +<p> Death lifts his arm! with unrelenting dart,</p> +<p> Ready to pierce thy lofty-tow'ring heart.</p> +<p> Why then persist? The Almighty hath denied</p> +<p> Eternal life to all the slaves of Pride!</p> +</div></div> +<hr/> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page293" name="page293"></a>[pg 293]</span></p> + + + +<h2> +The Selector;<br/> +AND<br/> +LITERARY NOTICES OF<br/> +<i>NEW WORKS</i>.</h2> +<h3> +THE NEW-YEAR'S GIFT AND JUVENILE SOUVENIR FOR 1830.</h3> +<h4> +<i>Edited by Mrs. Alaric Watts.</i></h4> + +<p> +The association of the line—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> In wit a man, simplicity a child—</p> +</div></div> +<p> +is so happy as to be applicable to the Poet of all Nature. It expresses +as much, if not more merit, than any single line often quoted, and its +frequent repetition has probably induced us to consider the latter +half—"simplicity a child"—as the peculiar talent of writing for +young people, aimed at by many, yet accomplished by so few. What is it +that so delights the young reader—we may say ourselves—in Robinson +Crusoe<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>—the Shakspeare of the play-ground—but <i>simplicity;</i> +and where, among the thousands of nursery books that have since been +written, can we find its match? In childhood, youth, manhood, and old +age, this is the great charm of life; and even the vitiated appetite is +not unfrequently coaxed into amendment by its very delightful character +when contrasted with coarser enjoyments. Metaphysicians deal out this +fact to the world over and over again, and all the philosophy of Locke, +Newton, and Bacon would be of little worth without it. +</p> + +<p> +But this is too philosophical a strain for noticing a child's book—a +little volume that is among books what a child is in human nature—"man +in a small letter;" and such is Mrs. Watt's "New Year's Gift." To +express all the kindly feelings which it must produce in a mind occupied +as ours often is with graver matters—would be only to repeat what we +said a fortnight since; and so without further premise, we will open +this little casket of gems for the reader. We shall not string names +together, but take a few of them. First, the "Sisters of Scio," a true +story, by the author of "Constantinople in 1828," of two little Greek +girls being saved from the Turks, by a good Christian. Next is "The +Recall," by Mrs. Hemans:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Music is sorrowful</p> +<p class="i2">Since thou wert gone;</p> +<p> Sisters are mourning thee—</p> +<p class="i2">Come to thine own</p> +<p> Hark! the home voices call,</p> +<p class="i2">Back to thy rest!</p> +<p> Come to thy father's hall,</p> +<p class="i2">Thy mother's breast!</p> +<p> O'er the far blue mountains,</p> +<p class="i2">O'er the white sea-foam,</p> +<p> Come, thou long parted one!</p> +<p class="i2">Back to thy home!</p> +</div></div> +<p> +—How appropriate is the story and its sequel; nay, almost as good as +two of Mr. Farley's pantomime scenes at Christmas. "The Miller's +Daughter," a tale of the French Revolution, which follows, is hardly so +fit: even the mention of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror chills +one's blood. "The Sights of London," is a string of "City Scenes" in +verse; and "May Maxwell," and "The Broken Pitcher," are pretty ballads, +by the Howitts. We are not half through the book, and can only mention +"the Young Governess," a school story—"the Birds and the Beggar of +Bagdad," a fairy tale—"Lady Lucy's Petition," an historiette—"the +Restless Boy," by Mrs. Opie, and the "Passionate Little Girl," by Mrs. +Hofland—all sparkling trifles in prose. Among the poetry is "the +African Mier-Vark," or Ant-eater, by Mr. Pringle, and "the Deadly +Nightshade," a sweetly touching ballad, dated from Florence; "the +Vulture of the Alps" is of similar character; and we are much pleased +with some lines on Birds, by Barry Cornwall, one set of which we copy, +the best prose papers being too long for extract:</p> + +<h3> +TO A WOUNDED SINGING BIRD.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Poor singer! hath the fowler's gun,</p> +<p class="i2">Or the sharp winter, done thee harm?</p> +<p> We'll lay thee gently in the sun,</p> +<p class="i2">And breathe on thee, and keep thee warm;</p> +<p> Perhaps some human kindness still</p> +<p> May make amends for human ill.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> We'll take thee in, and nurse thee well,</p> +<p class="i2">And save thee from the winter wild,</p> +<p> Till summer fall on field and fell,</p> +<p class="i2">And thou shalt be our feathered child,</p> +<p> And tell us all thy pain and wrong</p> +<p> When thou again canst speak in song.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> Fear not, nor tremble, little bird,—</p> +<p class="i2">We'll use thee kindly now,</p> +<p> And sure there's in a friendly word</p> +<p class="i2">An accent even <i>thou</i> shouldst know;</p> +<p> For kindness which the heart doth teach,</p> +<p> Disdaineth all peculiar speech.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> 'Tis common to the bird, and brute,</p> +<p class="i2">To fallen man, to angel bright,</p> +<p> And sweeter 'tis than lonely lute</p> +<p class="i2">Heard in the air at night—</p> +<p> Divine and universal toungue,</p> +<p> Whether by bird or spirit sung!</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p> But hark! is that a sound we hear</p> +<p class="i2">Come chirping from its throat,—</p> +<p> Faint—short—but weak, and very clear,</p> +<p class="i2">And like a little grateful note?</p> +<p> Another? ha—look where it lies,</p> +<p class="i2">It shivers—gasps—is still,—it dies!</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page294" name="page294"></a>[pg 294]</span> +<p> 'Tis dead,—'tis dead! and all our care</p> +<p class="i2">Is useless. Now, in vain</p> +<p> The mother's woe doth pierce the air,</p> +<p class="i2">Calling her nestling bird again!</p> +<p> All's vain:—the singer's heart is cold,</p> +<p> Its eye is dim,—its fortune told!</p> +</div></div> + +<p> +A versification of a story in Mrs. Barbauld's "Evenings at home," by +Sneyd Edgeworth, Esq. deserves favourable mention; even the names will +tempt the reader. +</p><p> +There are eleven plates; the frontispiece, "<i>Little Flora</i>," from +Boaden, and engraved by Edwards, is a sweet production; and the figures +in "<i>the Broken Pitcher</i>," from Gainsborough,<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> are well executed by +H. Robinson. To conclude, we cordially recommend this little volume to +such purchasers as wish to combine simplicity with talent, and the +several beauties of picture and print in their "New Year's Gift," for +1830.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +EDIE OCHILTREE.</h3> + +<center> +<i>From the New Edition of "The Antiquary."</i></center> + +<p> +Of the "blue gowns," or king's bedesmen, from whom the character of Edie +Ochiltree was drawn, after giving an account from Martin's "Reliquiae +Divi Sancti Andrae," of an order of beggars in Scotland, supposed to +have descended from the ancient bards, and existing in Scotland in the +seventeenth century, but now extinct, Sir Walter Scott says:— +</p><p> +"The old remembered beggar, even in my own time, like the Baccoch, or +travelling cripple of Ireland, was expected to merit his quarters by +something beyond an exposition of his distresses. He was often a +talkative, facetious fellow, prompt at repartee, and not withheld from +exercising his powers that way by any respect of persons, his patched +cloak giving him the privilege of the ancient jester. To be a <i>gude +crack</i>, that is, to possess talents for conversation, was essential +to the trade of a 'puir body' of the more esteemed class; and Burns, +who delighted in the amusement their discourse afforded, seems to have +looked forward with gloomy firmness to the possibility of himself +becoming one day or other a member of their itinerant society. In his +poetical works, it is alluded to so often, as perhaps to indicate that +he considered the consummation as not utterly impossible. Thus, in the +fine dedication of his works to Gavin Hamilton, he says— +</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "And when I downa yoke a naig,</p> +<p> Then, Lord be thankit, I can beg."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +Again, in his Epistle to Davie, a brother poet, he states, that in their +closing career—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "The last o't, the warst o't,</p> +<p class="i2"> Is only just to beg."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +And after having remarked, that</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "To lie in kilns and barns at e'en,</p> +<p> When banes are crazed and blude is thin,</p> +<p class="i2">Is doubtless great distress;"</p> +</div></div> +<p> +the bard reckons up, with true poetical spirit, the free enjoyment +of the beauties of nature, which might counterbalance the hardship +and uncertainty of the life even of a mendicant. In one of his prose +letters, to which I have lost the reference, he details this idea yet +more seriously, and dwells upon it, as not ill adapted to his habits +and powers.</p> +<p> +"As the life of a Scottish mendicant of the eighteenth century, seems to +have been contemplated without much horror by Robert Burns, the author +can hardly have erred in giving to Edie Ochiltree something of poetical +character and personal dignity, above the more abject of his miserable +calling. The class had, in fact, some privileges. A lodging, such as it +was, was readily granted to them in some of the outhouses, and the usual +<i>awmous</i> (alms) of a handful of meal (called a <i>gowpen</i>) was +scarce denied by the poorest cottager. The mendicant disposed of these, +according to their different quality, in various bags around his person, +and thus carried about with him the principal part of his sustenance, +which he literally received for the asking. At the houses of the gentry, +his cheer was mended by scraps of broken meat, and perhaps a Scottish +'twal-penny,' or English penny, which was expended in snuff or whisky. +In fact, these indolent peripatetics suffered much less real hardship +and want of food, than the poor peasants from whom they received alms. +</p><p> +"If, in addition to his personal qualifications, the mendicant chanced +to be a King's Bedesman, or Blue Gown, he belonged, in virtue thereof, +to the aristocracy of his order, and was esteemed a person of great +importance." +</p><p> +An extract then follows from an account of payments to "Blew Gownis," by +Sir Robert Melvill, of Murdocarney, treasurer-depute of King James VI., +furnished to the author of "Waverley," by an officer of the Register +House; after which Sir Walter proceeds as follows:— +</p><p> +"I have only to add, that although the institution of King's Bedesmen +still subsists, they are now seldom to be seen +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page295" name="page295"></a>[pg 295]</span> + in the streets of +Edinburgh, of which their peculiar dress made them rather a +characteristic feature. +</p><p> +"Having thus given an account of the genus and species to which Edie +Ochiltree appertains, the author may add, that the individual he had +in his eye was Andrew Gemmells, an old mendicant of the character +described, who was many years since well known, and must still be +remembered, in the vales of Gala, Tweed, Ettrick, Yarrow, and the +adjoining country. +</p><p> +"The author has in his youth repeatedly seen and conversed with Andrew, +but cannot recollect whether he held the rank of Blue Gown. He was a +remarkably fine old figure, very tall, and maintaining a soldier-like, +or military manner and address. His features were intelligent, with a +powerful expression of sarcasm. His motions were always so graceful, +that he might almost have been suspected of having studied them; for +he might, on any occasion, have served as a model for an artist, so +remarkably striking were his ordinary attitudes. Andrew Gemmells had +little of the cant of his calling; his wants were food and shelter, or a +trifle of money, which he always claimed, and seemed to receive, as his +due. He sang a good song, told a good story, and could crack a severe +jest with all the acumen of Shakspeare's jesters, though without using, +like them, the cloak of insanity. It was some fear of Andrew's satire, +as much as a feeling of kindness or charity, which secured him the +general good reception which he enjoyed every where. In fact, a jest of +Andrew Gemmells, especially at the expense of a person of consequence, +flew round the circle which he frequented, as surely as the bon-mot of +a man of established character for wit glides through the fashionable +world. Many of his good things are held in remembrance, but are +generally too local and personal to be introduced here. +</p><p> +"Andrew had a character peculiar to himself among his tribe, for aught +I ever heard. He was ready and willing to play at cards or dice with +any one who desired such amusement. This was more in the character of +the Irish itinerant gambler, called in that country a <i>carrow</i>, +than of the Scottish beggar. But the late Reverend Doctor Robert Douglas, +minister of Galashiels, assured the author, that the last time he saw +Andrew Gemmells, he was engaged in a game at brag with a gentleman of +fortune, distinction, and birth. To preserve the due gradations of rank, +the party was made at an open window of the château, the laird sitting +on his chair in the inside, the beggar on a stool in the yard; and they +played on the window-sill. The stake was a considerable parcel of +silver. The author expressing some surprise, Dr. Douglas observed, that +the laird was no doubt a humorist or original; but that many decent +persons in those times would, like him, have thought there was nothing +extraordinary in passing an hour, either in card-playing or +conversation, with Andrew Gemmells. +</p><p> +"This singular mendicant had generally, or was supposed to have, as much +money about his person, as would have been thought the value of his life +among modern footpads. On one occasion, a country gentleman, generally +esteemed a very narrow man, happening to meet Andrew, expressed great +regret that he had no silver in his pocket, or he would have given him +sixpence:—'I can give you change for a note laird,' replied Andrew. +</p><p> +"Like most who have arisen to the head of their profession, the modern +degradation which mendicity has undergone was often the subject of +Andrew's lamentations. As a trade, he said, it was forty pounds a year +worse since he had first practised it. On another occasion he observed, +begging was in modern times scarcely the profession of a gentleman, and +that if he had twenty sons, he would not easily be induced to breed one +of them up in his own line. When or where this <i>laudator temporis +acti</i> closed his wanderings, the author never heard with certainty; +but most probably, as Burns says—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> "——he died a cadger-powny's death</p> +<p class="i2"> At some dike side."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +"The author may add another picture of the same kind as Edie Ochiltree +and Andrew Gemmells; considering these illustrations as a sort of +gallery, open to the reception of any thing which may elucidate former +manners, or amuse the reader. +</p><p> +"The author's contemporaries at the university of Edinburgh will +probably remember the thin wasted form of a venerable old Bedesman, who +stood by the Potter-row Port, now demolished; and, without speaking a +syllable, gently inclined his head, and offered his hat, but with the +least possible Degree of urgency, towards each individual who passed. +This man gained, by silence and the extenuated and wasted appearance of +a palmer from a remote country, the same tribute which was yielded to +Andrew Gemmells's sarcastic humour and stately deportment. He was +understood +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page296" name="page296"></a>[pg 296]</span> +to be able to maintain a son a student in the theological +classics of the University, at the gate of which the father was a +mendicant. The young man was modest and inclined to learning, so that a +student of the same age, and whose parents were rather of the lower +order, moved by seeing him excluded from the society of other scholars +when the secret of his birth was suspected, endeavoured to console him +by offering him some occasional civilities. The old mendicant was +grateful for this attention to his son, and one day, as the friendly +student passed, he stooped forward more than usual, as if to intercept +his passage. The scholar drew out a halfpenny, which he concluded was +the beggar's object, when he was surprised to receive his thanks for the +kindness he had shown to Jemmie, and at the same time a cordial +invitation to dine with them next Sunday, 'on a shoulder of mutton and +potatoes,' adding, 'ye'll put on your clean sark, as I have company.' +The student was strongly tempted to accept of this hospitable proposal, +as many in his place would probably have done; but as the motive might +have been capable of misrepresentation, he thought it most prudent, +considering the character and circumstances of the old man, to decline +the invitation. +</p><p> +"Such are a few traits of Scottish mendicity, designed to throw light on +a novel in which a character of that description plays a prominent part. +We conclude, that we have vindicated Edie Ochiltree's right to the +importance assigned him; and have shown, that we have known one beggar +take a hand at cards with a person of distinction, and another give +dinner parties." +</p><p> +The curious reader who is anxious to pursue the character still further, +will be gratified with "a few particulars with which his biographer +appears to be unacquainted,"—by a Correspondent of the <i>Literary +Gazette</i>, No. 664.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +UNLUCKY TEXT.</h3> + +<p> +Poor Dr. Sheridan, in an unguarded moment, but in as guiltless a spirit +as characterized the Vicar of Wakefield, chose for his text, upon the +anniversary of the succession of the House of Hanover, "Sufficient for +the day is the evil thereof." Although the sermon did not contain a +single political allusion that could have caused uneasiness, or should +have given offence, yet it was recorded in judgment against him, and +obstructed his preferment ever after.—<i>Southey's Colloquies</i>. +</p> +<hr class="full" /> + + + +<h2> +The Naturalist.</h2> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +THE AMERICAN ALOE.</h3> + +<div class="figure" style="width: 50%; float: right;"> + <a href="images/397-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/397-2.png" +alt="The American Aloe." /></a> + </div> + + +<p> +An American Aloe (<i>Agave Americana</i>) is one of the most superb +exhibitions in the whole vegetable kingdom. The plant, when vigorous, +rises upwards of twenty feet high, and branches out on every side, +forming a kind of pyramid, of greenish yellow flowers, in thick clusters +at every joint. We often meet with the aloe in our conservatories, and +it has been known to flourish in the open air. A Correspondent of the +<i>Gardener's Magazine</i>, writing from Gwrich Castle, Abergelay, +Denbighshire, tells us that "about eight years back he pulled down one +of his hot-houses, in which stood a large American Aloe, known to be 68 +years of age. It was in a box about two feet square, and the plant was +so large that he determined not to put it in the new house then +building; it was, in consequence, placed alongside the south wall in the +corner (not expecting it to live,) where it has been ever since, never +having been watered in summer, nor matted nor attended to in winter, and +it is now as vigorous and as healthy (if not +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page297" name="page297"></a>[pg 297]</span> + more so) than before. The +box was not buried in the ground, and is now falling to pieces. The +garden is about 100 yards from the sea." +</p><p> +It is no fable that the Aloe grows about a hundred years (a few more or +less) before it blooms; and, after yielding its seed, the stem withers +and dies. If we remember right, a beautiful specimen in full bloom, was +exhibited three or four years since at the Argyll Rooms, in Regent +Street. +</p><p> +It may be as well to mention that the sharp-pointed leaves have been +known to inflict serious injury. In the <i>Lancet</i>, No. 313, vol. +ii., a case is recorded of a young gardener, who whilst watering some +plants in a gentleman's garden, at Camberwell, accidentally struck his +hand against an aloe plant, one of the prickles of which passed into the +last joint of his lefthand little finger; he regarded the circumstance +at the time as but of trifling consequence, on account of its causing +him but slight inconvenience; neither were the effects worth notice +until two days after the accident, when the part put on a white +appearance, and the finger became very stiff, swollen, and painful; +these symptoms increased, and by the following morning the whole hand +and arm, as far as the elbow, had attained an exceedingly large size. +After suffering about two months, the poor fellow was removed into St. +Thomas's Hospital, where the diseased arm was amputated by Mr. Travers, +and the patient soon recovered his accustomed good health. +</p> +<hr/> + +<h3> +MOLES.</h3> + +<p> +In those districts where moles abound, it may be remarked that some +of the mole-hills are considerably larger than others. When a hill of +enlarged dimensions is thus discovered, we may be almost certain of +finding the nest, or den of the mole near it, by digging to a sufficient +depth. The fur of the mole is admirably adapted from its softness and +short close texture for defending the animal from subterraneous damp, +which is always injurious, more or less to non-amphibious animals; and +in this climate, no choice of situation could entirely guard against it. +It is a singular fact that there are no moles in Ireland. May not the +dampness of the climate account for their not thriving +there?—<i>Edinburgh Lit. Gaz.</i></p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +CHANGES IN ANIMALS.</h3> + +<p> +All domestic mammiferous animals introduced into America have become +more numerous than the indigenous animals. The hog multiplies very +rapidly, and assumes much of the character of the wild boar. Cows did +not at first thrive, but, in St. Domingo, only twenty-seven years after +its first discovery, 4,000 in a herd was not uncommon, and some herds of +8,000 are mentioned. In 1587, this island exported 35,444 hides, and New +Grenada 64,350. Cows never thrive nor multiply where salt is wanting +either in the plants or in the water. They give less milk in America, +and do not give milk at all if the calves be taken from them. Among +horses the colts have all the amble, as those in Europe have the trot: +this is probably a hereditary effect. Bright chestnut is the prevailing +colour among the wild horses. The lambs which are not from +<i>merinos</i>, but the <i>tana basta </i>and <i>burda</i> of the +Spaniards, at first are covered with wool, and when this is timely +shorn, it grows again; if the proper time is allowed to elapse, the wool +falls off, and is succeeded by short, shining, close hair, like that of +the goat in the same climate. Every animal, it would appear, like man, +requires time to accustom itself to climate.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +THE GREAT AMERICAN BITTERN.</h3> + +<p> +A most interesting and remarkable circumstance we learn from the +<i>Magazine of Natural History</i>, attends the great American Bittern; +it is that it has the power of emitting a light from its breast equal to +the light of a common torch, which illuminates the water so as to enable +it to discover its prey. As this circumstance is not mentioned by any +naturalist, the correspondent of the journal in question, took every +precaution to determine, as he has done, the truth of it.</p> + +<hr class="full"/> + + + +<h2> +Notes of a Reader.</h2> + +<hr/> +<h3> +BRITISH SEA SONGS.</h3> + +<p> +One of our earliest naval ballads is derived from the Pepys Collection, +and is supposed to have been written in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +It records the events of a sea-fight in the reign of Henry the Eighth, +between Lord Howard and Sir Andrew Barton, a Scotch pirate; and it is +rendered curious by the picture it presents of naval engagements in +those days, and by a singular fact which transpires in the course of +the details; namely, that the then maritime force of England consisted +of only <i>two ships of war</i>. In Percy's +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page298" name="page298"></a>[pg 298]</span> + "Reliques of Ancient +Poetry," there is another old marine ballad, called the "Winning of +<i>Cales</i>," a name which our sailors had given to Cadiz. This affair +took place in June, 1596; but the description of it in the old song +presents nothing peculiar, or worthy of attention as regards naval +manners. From this period, I cannot at present call to mind any sea song +of importance till Gay's "Black-eyed Susan," which, you know, has +maintained its popularity to the present hour, and which deserves to +have done so, no less on account of the beauty of the verses, than of +the pathetic air in the minor to which they are set. This was, at no +great length of time, succeeded by Stevens's "Storm," a song which, I +believe you will all allow, stands deservedly at the head of the lyrics +of the deep. The words are nautically correct, the music is of a manly +and original character, and the subject-matter is one of the most +interesting of the many striking incidents common to sea-life. These +fine ballads, if I mistake not, were succeeded by one or two popular +songs, with music by Dr. Arne; then came those of Dibdin, which were in +their turn followed by a host of compositions, distinguished more by the +strenuous, robust character of the music, than by poetical excellence, +or professional accuracy in the words. The songs in which the words +happened to be vigorous and true—(such, for example, as Cowper's noble +ballad called the "Castaway," and the "Loss of the Royal George,") were +not set to music; but the powers of Shield, Davy, and others, were +wasted on verses unworthy of their compositions. Among these, the +foremost in excellence is the "Arethusa," a composition on which the +singing of Incledon, and the bold, reckless, original John-Bull-like +character of the air by Shield, or ascribed to him, have fixed a high +reputation. Davy's "Bay of Biscay," deserves its popularity; and the +"Sailor Boy," "The Old Commodore," and one or two other melodies by +Reeve, (who, though not much of a musician, was an admirable melodist,) +abound also in the qualities which I have already alluded to, as +peculiar to the national music adapted to sea songs.—<i>Blackwood's +Magazine</i>.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +MAKING A BOOK.</h3> + +<p> +Lady Morgan gives the following process by which her "Book of the +Boudoir" was manufactured: "While the fourth volume of the O'Briens," +says her ladyship, "was going through the press, Mr. Colburn was +sufficiently pleased with the subscription (as it is called in the +trade) to the first edition, to desire a new work from the author. I was +just setting off for Ireland, the horses <i>literally</i> putting to, +[how curious!] when Mr. Colburn arrived with his flattering proposition. +[How <i>apropos</i>!] I could not enter into any future engagement; [how +awkward!] and Mr. Colburn taking up a scrabby MS. volume which the +servant was about to thrust into the pocket of the carriage, asked, +'What was that?' [How touchingly simple!] I said it was 'one of many +volumes of odds and ends <i>de omnibus rebus</i>;' and I read him the +last entry I had made the night before, on my return from the opera. +[How very obliging, considering that the horses were <i>literally</i> +put to!] 'This is the very thing!' said the 'European publisher;' [how +charming! and yet how droll!] and if the public is of the same opinion, +I shall have nothing to regret in thus coming, though somewhat in +<i>dishabillé</i>, before its tribunal."</p> +<h4> + <i>Blackwood's Magazine.</i></h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +APPARITIONS.</h3> + +<p> +Dr. Southey's opinion on apparitions deserves to be carried to the +controversial account of this ever-interesting question:—"My serious +belief amounts to this, that preternatural impressions are sometimes +communicated to us for wise purposes; and that departed spirits are +sometimes permitted to manifest themselves."—<i>Colloquies</i>.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +THE FEUDAL SYSTEM.</h3> + +<p> +The system of servitude, which prevailed in the earlier periods of our +history was not of that unmitigated character that may be supposed. "No +man in those days could prey upon society, unless he were at war with it +as an outlaw—a proclaimed and open enemy. Rude as the laws were, the +purposes of law had not then been perverted;—it had not been made a +craft;—it served to deter men from committing crimes, or to punish them +for the commission;—never to shield notorious, acknowledged, impudent +guilt, from condign punishment. And in the fabric of society, imperfect +as it was, the outline and rudiments of what it ought to be were +distinctly marked in some main parts, where they are now wellnigh +utterly effaced. Every person had his place. There was a system of +superintendence +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page299" name="page299"></a>[pg 299]</span> +everywhere, civil as well us religious. They who were +born in villainage, were born to an inheritance of labour, but not of +inevitable depravity and wretchedness. If one class were regarded in +some respects as cattle, they were at least taken care of; they were +trained, fed, sheltered, and protected; and there was an eye upon them +when they strayed. None were wild, unless they were wild wilfully, and +in defiance of control. None were beneath the notice of the priest, nor +placed out of the possible reach of his instruction and his care. But +how large a part of your population are, like the dogs of Lisbon and +Constantinople, unowned, unbroken to any useful purpose, subsisting by +chance or by prey; living in filth, mischief, and wretchedness; a +nuisance to the community while they live, and dying miserably at +last!"—<i>Ibid</i>.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +THE STEAM BOAT ILLUSTRATED.</h3> +<center> +<i>By one of "the Islington, Gray's Inn Lane, and New Road Grand +Literary, Scientific, and Philosophical Institution.</i></center> + +<p> +How wondrous is the science of mechanism! how variegated its progeny, +how simple, yet how compound! I am propelled to the consideration of +this subject by having optically perceived that ingenious nautical +instrument, which has just now flown along like a mammoth, that monster +of the deep! You ask me how are steam-boats propagated? in other words, +how is such an infinite and immovable body inveigled along its course? I +will explain it to you. It is by the power of friction; that is to say, +the two wheels, or paddles turning diametrically, or at the same moment, +on their axioms, and repressing by the rotundity of their motion the +action of the menstruum in which the machine floats,—water being, in +a philosophical sense, a powerful non-conductor,—it is clear, that in +proportion as is the revulsion so is the progression; and as is the +centrifugal force, so is the—."</p> +<p> +"Pooh!" cried Uncle John, "let us have some music."</p> +<h4> +<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i></h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +LAWS FOR THE POOR.</h3> + +<p> +Every civilized state in the world, except Ireland, has prevented the +extortion of the landlords, by institutions, either springing from the +nature of society, or established by positive legal enactments. +</p><p> +In Austria, great exertions are made for the poor.—Vide "Reisbeck's +Travels through Germany," p. 79; and "Este's Journey," p. 337. +</p><p> +In Bavaria, there are laws obliging each community to maintain its own +poor.—Vide "Count Rumford's Establishment of Poor in Bavaria," chap. 1. +</p><p> +In Protestant Germany they are even better provided for.—Vide +"Henderson's Tour in Germany," p. 74. +</p><p> +In Russia, the aged and infirm are provided with food and raiment by +law, at the expense of the owner of the estate.—"Clarke's Travels in +Russia." For others who may want, there is a college of provision in +each government.—"Took's Russian Empire," vol. ii. p. 181. +</p><p> +In Livonia and Poland, the lord is bound by law to provide for the +serf.—Vide "Bavarian Transactions," vol. iii. +</p><p> +In Northern Italy and Sicily, the crop is equally divided between +landlord and tenant.—Vide "Sismondi's Italy." And the revenues of the +church support the poor. +</p><p> +In imperial France, though the land had been divided by an Agrarian law, +and cultivated, yet the Octroi, with other revenues, were devoted to the +poor. +</p><p> +In Hungary, though feudal slavery gives an interest to the lord of the +soil in the life of his serf, yet the law insists upon the provision of +food, raiment and shelter. In Switzerland, though the Agrarian law is in +force, and the governments purchase corn to keep down the retail prices, +yet there is a provision for the poor.—Vide "Sismondi's Switzerland," +vol. 1. p. 452. In Norway there is a provision for the poor.—Clarke's +"Scandinavia," p. 637. +</p><p> +In Sweden, the most moral country in the world, the poor are maintained +in the same manner as in England; a portion of the parochial assessment +is devoted by law to education.—James's "Tour through Sweden," p. 105. +</p><p> +In Flanders there are permanent funds, &c. for the sustentation of the +poor. Vide Radcliff's "Report on the Agriculture of Flanders." And there +are in the Netherlands seven great workhouses. +</p><p> +The Dutch poor laws do not differ much from our own.—-Vide Macfarlan's +"Inquiries concerning the Poor," p. 218. +</p><p> +Even in Iceland, there is a provision for the poor.—Vide Han's +"Iceland." Also in Denmark.—Vide p. 292, Jacob's +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page300" name="page300"></a>[pg 300]</span> +"Tracts on the Corn +Laws." In America there are poor laws.—Vide Dr. Dwight's "Travels," +vol. iv. p. 326. In Scotland the English system is rapidly extending; +and where the poor laws are not introduced, there are a great many of +the miseries which are found in Ireland.—Vide "Evidence of A. Nimmo, +Esq. before the Lords' Committee on Ireland, 1824." This gentleman +thinks, that if they had been earlier introduced, Scotland would be now +a richer country. He also states, that the average expense of supporting +idle mendicants in Ireland, exceeds one million and a half annually, by +the contribution of more than a ton of potatoes from each farm house, to +encourage a system of licentious idleness, profligacy, insolence, and +plunder; and the grand jury presentments amount annually to a +million.—<i>Monthly Mag</i>.</p> + +<hr/> + +<p> +In Turkey, nailing by the ears is an operation performed on bakers, for +selling light bread. There is a hole cut in the door for the back of +the culprit's head; the ears are then nailed to the panel; he is left +in this position till sunset, then released; and seldom sustains any +permanent injury from the punishment, except in his reputation. Perjury +is an offence which is so little thought of, that it is visited with +the mildest of all their punishments. The offender is set upon an ass, +with his face to the tail, and a label on his back, with the term +<i>scheat</i> or perjurer. In this way he is led about to the great +amusement of the multitude, and even of his associates.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +SCHOOL DAYS.</h3> + +<p> +Linnaeus long retained an unpleasant recollection of his school days;<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> +it is common to call this period of human life, a happy one, but that +existence must have been very wretched, of which, the time passed at +school has been the happiest part; it is sufficiently apparent even +to superficial observers that the mind cannot, in early life, be +sufficiently matured for high enjoyment; the most exquisite of our +pleasures, are intellectual, and cannot be relished until the mental +faculties have been cultivated and expanded.—<i>Clayton's Sketches +in Biography</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + +<h2> +SPIRIT OF THE +<br/> +Public Journals</h2> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A LANDAULET!</h3> + +<p> +I dined one day at a bachelor's dinner in Lincoln's Inn-fields, and my +wife having no engagement that evening, I gave my coachman a half +holiday, and when he had set me down, desired him to put up his horses, +as I should return home in a jarvey. At eleven, my conveyance arrived; +the steps were let down, and, when down, they slanted under the body of +the carriage; my foot slipped from the lowest step, and I grazed my shin +against the second; but at last I surmounted the difficulty, and seating +myself, sank back upon the musty, fusty, ill-savoured squabs of the +jarvey. +</p><p> +I was about to undertake a very formidable journey; I lived in the +Regent's Park; and as the horses that now drew me had been worked hard +during the day, it seemed probable that some hours would elapse before I +could reach my own door. Off they went, however; the coachman urged them +on with whip and tongue: the body of the jarvey swung to and fro; the +glasses shook and clattered; the straw on the floor felt damp, and rain +water oozed through the roof, (for it was a landaulet). I felt chilled, +and drew up the front window, at least I drew up the frame; but as it +contained no glass, I was not the warmer for my pains; so I wrapped my +cloak around me, and rather sulkily sank into a reverie. The vehicle +still continued to rumble, and rattle, and shake, and squeak; I fell +into a doze, caused by some fatigue and much claret, and gradually these +sounds seemed to soften into a voice! I distinguished intelligible +accents! I listened attentively to the low murmurs, and distinctly I +heard, and treasured in my memory, what appeared to me to be the "Lament +of the Landaulet!" +</p><p> +The poor <i>body</i> seemed to sigh, and the wheels became +<i>spokesmen</i>! +</p><p> +"I am about fifteen years of age," (thus squeaked my equipage); "I was +born in Long Acre, the birthplace of the aristocracy of my race, and +Messrs. Houlditch were my parents. +</p><p> +"No four-wheeled carriage could possibly have entered upon life with +brighter prospects; it is, alas! my hard lot to detail the vicissitudes +that rendered me what I am. +</p><p> +"I was ordered by an earl, who was on the point of marriage with an +heiress, and I was fitted up in the most expensive style. My complexion +was pale +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page301" name="page301"></a>[pg 301]</span> + yellow; on my sides I had coronets and supporters; my inside +was soft and comfortable; my rumble behind was satisfactory; and my +dicky was perfection, and provided with a hammercloth. My boots were +capacious, my pockets were ample, and my leathers in good condition. +</p><p> +"When I stood at the earl's door on the morning of his marriage, it was +admitted by all who beheld me, that a neater <i>turn-out</i> had never +left Long Acre. Lightly did my noble possessor press my cushions, as I +wafted him to St. George's Church, Hanover Square; and when the ceremony +was over, and the happy pair sat side by side within me, the earl kissed +the lips of his countess, and I felt proud, not of the rank and wealth +of my contents, but because they were contented and happy. +</p><p> +"Oh, how merrily my wheels whirled in those days! I bore my possessors +to their country-seat; I flew about the county returning wedding visits; +I went to races, with sandwiches and champagne in my pockets; and I +spent many a long night in the inn-yard, while my lord and lady were +presiding at county assemblies. +</p><p> +"Mine was a life of sunshine and smiles. But ladies are capricious: the +countess suddenly discovered that I was heavy. Now, if she wished me to +be light-headed, why did she order a landaulet? She declared, too, that +I was unfit for town service; gave new orders to Houlditch; took +possession of a chariot fashioned eight months later than myself; sent +me to Long Acre to be disposed of, and I became a secondhand article! +</p><p> +"My humiliation happened at an unlucky moment, for continual racketing +in the country had quite unhinged me; I required bracing, and had quite +lost my colour. My paternal relation, however, (Houlditch), undertook my +repair, and I was very soon exhibited painted green, and ticketed, 'For +sale secondhand.' +</p><p> +"It was now the month of May, when all persons of the smallest +fashionable pretensions shun their country abodes and come to London, +that they may escape the first fragrance of the flowers, the first song +of the birds, the budding beauty of the forests and the fresh verdure of +the fields. I therefore felt (as young unmarried ladies feel at the +commencement of the season) that there was every chance of my finding a +lord and master, and becoming a prominent ornament of his establishment. +</p><p> +"After standing for a month at Houlditch's, (who, by the by, was not +over-civil to his own child, but made a great favour of giving me +house-room), I one day found myself scrutinized by a gentleman of very +fashionable appearance. He was in immediate want of a carriage; I was, +fortunately, exactly the sort of carriage he required, and in a quarter +of an hour the transfer was arranged. +</p><p> +"The gentleman was on the point of running away with a young lady; +<i>he</i> was attached to <i>her</i>, four horses were attached to +<i>me</i>, and I was in waiting at the corner of Grosvenor Street at +midnight. I thought myself a fortunate vehicle; I anticipated another +marriage, another matrimonial trip, another honeymoon. Alas! my present +trip was not calculated to add to my respectability. My owner, who was a +military man, was at his post at the appointed time: he seemed hurried +and agitated; frequently looked at his watch; paced rapidly before one +of the houses, and continually looked towards the drawing-room windows. +At length a light appeared, the window was opened, and a female, muffled +in a cloak and veil, stood on the balcony; she leaned anxiously forward; +he spoke, and without replying she re-entered the room. The street-door +opened, and a brisk little waiting-maid came out with some bundles, +which she deposited in the carriage: the captain (for such was his rank) +had entered the hall, and he now returned, bearing in his arms a +fainting, weeping woman; he placed her by his side in the carriage: my +rumble was instantly occupied by the waiting-maid and my master's man, +and we drove off rapidly towards Brighton. +</p><p> +"The captain was a man of fashion; handsome, insinuating, profligate, +and unfeeling. The lady—it is painful to speak of her: what she +<i>had</i> been, she could never more be; and what she then was, she +herself had yet to learn. She had been the darling pet daughter of a +rich old man; and a dissipated nobleman had married her for her money +when she was only sixteen. She had been accustomed to have every wish +gratified by her doting parent; she now found herself neglected and +insulted by her husband. Her father could not bear to see his darling's +once-smiling face grow pale and sad, and he died two years after her +marriage. She plunged into the whirlpool of dissipation, and tasted the +rank poisons which are so often sought as the remedies for a sad heart. +From folly she ran to imprudence; from imprudence to guilt;—and +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page302" name="page302"></a>[pg 302]</span> + was +the runaway wife happier than she who once suffered unmerited ill-usage +at home? Time will show. +</p><p> +"At Brighton, my wheels rattled along the cliffs as briskly and as +loudly as the noblest equipage there; but no female turned a glance of +recognition towards my windows, and the eyes of former friends were +studiously averted. I bore my lady through the streets, and I waited for +her now and then at the door of the theatre; but at gates of +respectability, at balls, and at assemblies, I, alas! was never +'called,' and never 'stopped the way.' Like a disabled soldier, I ceased +to bear <i>arms</i>, and I was <i>crest</i>-fallen! +</p><p> +"This could not last: my mistress could little brook contempt, +especially when she felt it to be deserved; her cheek lost its bloom, +her eye its lustre; and when her beauty became less brilliant, she no +longer possessed the only attraction which had made the captain her +lover. He grew weary of her, soon took occasion to quarrel with her, and +she was left without friends, without income, and without character. +I was at length torn from her: it nearly broke my springs to part with +her; but I was despatched to the bazaar in London, and saw no more of +my lady. +</p><p> +(<i>To be continued</i>.) +</p> +<hr/> + +<h3> +FASHIONABLE NOVELS.</h3> + +<p> +It is well that hard words break no bones, else two or three gentlemen +of literary notoriety would be in a sorry plight after reading the +following passage in a recent <i>Magazine</i>. We stand by, and like +the fellow in the play, bite our thumb:— +</p><p> +"Surely, surely, all men, women, and children, not cursed with the +fatuity that would become a vice-president of the Phrenological Society, +must by this time be about heartsick of what are called Novels of +Fashionable Life. Only two men of any pretensions to superiority of +talent have had part in the uproarious manufacture of this ware, that +has been dinned in our ears by trumpet after trumpet, during the last +six or seven years. Mr. Theodore Hook began the business—a man of such +strong native sense and thorough knowledge of the world as it is, that +we cannot doubt the <i>coxcombry</i> which has drawn so much derision on +his <i>sayings</i> and <i>doings</i> was all, to use a phrase which he +himself has brought into fashion, <i>humbug</i>. He could not cast his +keen eyes over any considerable circle of society in this country, +without perceiving the melancholy fact, that the British nation labours +under a universal mania for gentility—all the world hurrying and +bustling in the same idle chase—good honest squires and baronets, with +pedigrees of a thousand years, and estates of ten thousand acres—ay, +and even noble lords—yea, the noblest of the noble themselves (or at +least their ladies), rendered fidgety and uncomfortable by the +circumstance of their not somehow or other belonging to one particular +little circle in London. Comely round-paunched parsons and squireens, +again, all over the land, eating the bread of bitterness, and drinking +the waters of sorrow, because they are, or think they are, tipt the cold +shoulder by these same honest squires and baronets, &c. &c. &c. who, +excluded from Almack's, in their own fair turn and rural sphere enact +nevertheless, with much success, the part of <i>exclusives</i>—and so +downwards—down to the very verge of dirty linen. The obvious facility +of practising lucratively on this prevailing folly—of raising +700<i>l</i>., 1000<i>l</i>., or 1500<i>l</i>. per <i>series</i>, merely +by cramming the mouths of the asinine with mock-majestic details of fine +life—this found favour with an indolent no less than sagacious +humorist; and the fatal example was set. Hence the vile and most +vulgar pawings of such miserables as Messrs. Vivian Grey and "The +Roué"—creatures who betray in every page, which they stuff full of +Marquess and My Lady, that their own manners are as gross as they make +it their boast to show their morals. Hence, some two or three pegs +higher, and not more, are such very very fine scoundrels as the Pelhams, +&c.; shallow, watery-brained, ill-taught, effeminate dandies—animals +destitute apparently of one touch of real manhood, or of real +passion—cold, systematic, deliberate debauchees, withal—seducers, God +wot! and duellists, and, above all, philosophers! How could any human +being be gulled by such flimsy devices as these? +</p><p> +"These gentry form a sort of cross between the Theodorian breed of novel +and the Wardish—the extravagantly overrated—the heavy, imbecile, +pointless, but still well-written, sensible, and, we may even add, not +disagreeable, Tremaine and De Vere. The second of these books was a mere +<i>rifacimento</i> of the first; and, fortunately for what remained of +his reputation, Mr. Robert Ward has made no third attempt. He has much +to answer for; <i>e.g.</i> if we were called upon to point out the most +disgusting abomination to be found in the whole range of contemporary +literature, +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page303" name="page303"></a>[pg 303]</span> +we have no hesitation in saying we should feel it our duty +to lay our finger on the Bolingbroke-<i>Balaam</i> of that last and +worst of an insufferable charlatan's productions—<i>Devereux</i>.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +BRUSSELS IN 1829.</h3> + +<p> +For the education of youth of both sexes, Brussels is one of the best +stations on the continent, and is a good temporary residence for +Englishmen whose means are limited. The country is plentiful, and +consequently every article of living moderate. It is near England, the +government is mild, and there is no restraint in importing English +books, though their own press is any thing but free. +</p><p> +The population of Brussels is rated at nearly 100,000, of which +above 20,000 are paupers, supported by the government and voluntary +contributions. The population is rapidly increasing. The number of +foreigners in the winter of 1828 was between seven and eight thousand, +of which half the number were English. Many families settle for a +season, and take their flight south, or return home in June; but the +greatest number are stationary for the education of their children. An +English clergyman, formerly a teacher at Harrow, has an establishment +for boys, well conducted, and the expense does not exceed fifty guineas +a year. There are several seminaries for girls, also superintended by +Englishwomen, with French teachers. Masters in every department are +excellent, so that few places afford better schools for education. +</p><p> +The air in the upper part of the city is salubrious, and the climate, +perhaps, better on the whole than England; but the winters are sharper, +and the summers hotter; fogs are less frequent, and the spring generally +sets in a fortnight earlier than in any part of Great Britain. +</p><p> +Our countrymen will be disappointed who settle in Brussels as a place of +amusement, for no capital can be more dull; and the natives are not +ready of access, which is probably as much the fault of their visitors +as themselves. As a station for economy, it can be highly recommended, +provided no trust is put in servants, and every thing is paid for with +ready money. The writer of this article resided in Brussels for a dozen +years, and he knows this from experience. If an establishment, large +or small, is well regulated, a saving of fifty per cent, may be made, +certainly, in housekeeping, compared with London. House-rent is dearer +in proportion with other articles of living, and the taxes are daily +augmenting. The horse-tax is more than double that of England; and the +king of the Netherlands can boast that he is the only sovereign in +Europe who has a tax on female labour. William Pitt attempted a similar +measure, but was mobbed by the housemaids, and abandoned it.—<i>New +Monthly Magazine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + +<h2> +The Gatherer.</h2> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"><p> +A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p> +<h4>SHAKSPEARE.</h4> +</div></div> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +CURIOUS DISCOVERY OF A ROBBERY.</h3> + +<p> +Lysons in his "Environs of London," says, "In a room adjoining to the +south-side of the saloon, in the manor-house, at Charlton, in Kent, is +a chimney-piece, with a slab of black marble so finely polished, that +Lord Downe is said to have seen in it a robbery committed on Blackheath; +the tradition adds, that he sent out his servants, who apprehended the +thieves." Dr. Plot makes the story more marvellous, by laying the scene +of the robbery at Shooter's Hill; he also says, "Thus in a chimney-piece +at Beauvoir Castle, might be seen the city and cathedral of Lincoln, and +in another at Wilton, the city and cathedral of Sarum."</p> +<h4> +P.T.W.</h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +"VERY BAD."</h3> + +<p> +A tyro interrogating a classical wag on the labours and sufferings of +Homer, was shown the Iliad, and told that it was composed under great +deprivation. Pointing to the edition, he inquired, if that was all the +Iliad; to which he received as answer, that that was not all the <i>ill +he had</i>, as Homer was obliged to <i>sing it</i>, to procure a little +bread.</p> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +EPIGRAM.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Young Sloeleaves vaunting he could trace</p> +<p class="i2">His line to Julius Caesar,</p> +<p> Was <i>gall'd</i> to hear a wag exclaim,</p> +<p class="i2">"The <i>Celtae</i>, if you please, Sir!"</p> +</div></div> +<h4> +Q IN THE CORNER.</h4> + +<hr/> + +<center> +<i>Inscription over the Hive public-house, in Snargate Street, +Dovor.</i></center> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> Within this Hive</p> +<p class="i2"> We're all alive,</p> +<p> Good liquors make us funny,</p> +<p class="i2"> If you are dry,</p> +<p class="i2"> Step in and try</p> +<p> The flavour of our honey.</p> +</div></div> +<hr/> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page304" name="page304"></a>[pg 304]</span></p> + +<h3> +SOVEREIGNS AND GUINEAS,</h3> +<center> +<i>And the reigns in which they have been coined</i>.</center> + +<pre> + First Sovereigns ... Henry VII ... 1485 + Ditto, and half ... Henry VIII ... 1509 + Ditto, ditto ... Edward VI ... 1546 + Ditto, ditto ... Mary ... 1553 + Ditto, ditto ... Philip & Mary ... 1554 + Ditto, ditto ... Elizabeth ... 1558 + Ditto, ditto ... James I ... 1603 + Ditto, ditto ... Charles I ... 1625 + Ditto, ditto ... Commonwealth ... 1648 + Ditto, ditto ... Oliver Cromwell 1650 + Guineas ... Charles II ... 1660 + 5<i>l</i>. piece, 2<i>l</i>. do. Guinea and + half ditto ... James II ... 1684 + Ditto, ditto ... Will. and Mary... 1688 + Ditto, ditto ... William ... 1694 + Ditto, ditto, and a quarter guinea ... Anne ... 1702 + Ditto, ditto ... George I ... 1725 + Ditto, ditto, but no quar. guineas ... George II ... 1726 + Guineas, half do. Quarter ditto, 2 guinea + piece, 5 guinea ditto ... George III ... 1760 + Dble. Sovereign Sovereign, half ditto ... George IV ... 1820 +</pre> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +EPIGRAMS ON THE FEES DEMANDED FOR SEEING WESTMINSTER ABBEY.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Dame Godly desired the Abbey to view,</p> +<p> Admittance, one sixpence, demanded the clerk,</p> +<p> Which modest request in astonishment wrapt her,</p> +<p> How long will you such imposition pursue?</p> +<p> Faith ma'am, as to that we are left in the dark,</p> +<p> But I think, for my part, to the <i>end</i> of the <i>Chapter</i>.<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a></p> +</div></div> + +<hr/> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Down with your cash, the Verger cries,</p> +<p> How mean'st thou this? John Bull replies,</p> +<p> What law protects th' extortion?</p> +<p> Stop, gentle friend—what's law to us?</p> +<p> The law's your own—so make no fuss,</p> +<p> The <i>profits</i> are <i>our</i> portion.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr/> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Poets and prophets 'mongst the ancient Romans</p> +<p> Were deemed the same, and this our pockets rue,</p> +<p> For on <i>this</i> creed is built our sacred showman's,</p> +<p> Who has his <i>poets</i> and his <i>profits</i> too.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +EPITAPH IN BRENTWOOD CHURCHYARD, ESSEX.</h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Here lyes Isaac Greentree.</p> +</div></div> + +<p> +A wag passing through the churchyard, wrote as follows:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> There is a time when these green trees shall fall,</p> +<p> And Isaac Greentree rise above them all.</p> +</div></div> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +GALLOWAYS—WHY PARTICULAR HORSES SO CALLED.</h3> + +<p> +Galloway is a county in Scotland that lies the most to the south and +the nearest to Ireland. This county gives name to a particular breed +of horses of a middling size, which are strong, active, hardy, and +serviceable. +</p><p> +Tradition reports that this kind of horse sprung from some Spanish +stallions, who swam on shore from some of the ships of the famous +Spanish Armada wrecked on the coast.</p> +<h4> +C.K.W.</h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +WARNING TO YOUNG LADIES.</h3> +<center> +<i>Intended as an "accompaniment" to a celebrated piece of Music, by +Craven</i>.</center> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p> Oh! ladies fair, tho' smooth the air,</p> +<p> I send you now, I pray take care—</p> +<p> Lest "THE LIGHT BARK" be, after all,</p> +<p> Foredoom'd to perish in a <i>squall!</i></p> +</div></div> + +<h4> +PRINTER'S DEVIL.</h4> + +<hr/> + +<h3> +ANNUALS FOR 1830.</h3> + +<p> +With the next number of "THE MIRROR," will be published the first +SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET of the</p> +<center> +SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS FOR 1830,</center> + +<p> +With a fine Engraving from one of the most splendid embellishments +of these popular works. The SUPPLEMENT will contain "the +Amulet"—"Friendship's Offering," and Notices of as many more volumes +as can consistently be brought within the compass of one sheet.</p> + +<hr/> + +<p> +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE<br/> +<i>Following Novels is already Published:</i></p> +<pre> + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 +</pre> + +<hr class="full"/> + + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> +<b>Footnote 1</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p>Dr. Donne resided in a house of Sir R. Drury. Vide <i>Life</i> by + honest Izaak Walton.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> +<b>Footnote 2</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>He married a daughter of one of the Fine Barber-women of + Drury Lane.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> +<b>Footnote 3</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p>A few weeks since we gave a copy of Robinson Crusoe to a young + man, "whose education had been neglected," and who had never + read this delightful book: the account of his delight from its + perusal has more than recompensed us tenfold.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> +<b>Footnote 4</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +<p>We should like to see a volume of poems written by Wordsworth, + and illustrated by Gainsborough. How delightfully too would a + few of the poet's lines glib off in a Juvenile Annual.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> +<b>Footnote 5</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +<p>He was sent at the age of ten years to a school at Wexin, + the master of which was so severe as entirely to destroy his + spirits, and repress the early indications of his extraordinary + talents.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"> +<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a> +<b>Footnote 6</b>: +<a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> +<p>The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are supposed to receive + the money paid for seeing the Abbey.</p> +</blockquote> +<hr class="full"/> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 397 *** + +***** This file should be named 11234-h.htm or 11234-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/3/11234/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 397, Saturday, November 7, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 23, 2004 [EBook #11234] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: US-ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 397 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XIV, No. 397.] SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + * * * * * + + + +Burleigh, Northamptonshire. + +[Illustration] + +The above is a view of the grand screen and entrance lodges to Burleigh, +or Burghley, the seat of the Cecil family, and now the property of the +Marquess of Exeter. The house and principal part of the demesne, are +within the parish of Stamford St. Martin, in the church of which are +some costly monuments to several eminent persons of the Cecil family; +and this estate gave title to William Cecil, Baron Burleigh, in 1570. +The park was formed, and the mansion, which is one of the most splendid +in the kingdom, was mostly built by the great Lord Treasurer, in the +time of Queen Elizabeth, and the following inscription, over one of the +entrances, within a central court, records the era of this work:--"W. +DOM. DE BVRGHLEY, 1577." Beneath the turret is the date of 1585, when +some grand additions were made to the mansion; and the above Grand +Entrance, towards the north, appears to have been added in 1587. Since +these dates, several material alterations and additions have been made +by subsequent possessors; and the whole, as a building, with its vast +and varied collection of works of art, is one of the most magnificent +show-houses in England. The spacious and finely wooded park and large +lake are also very fine. The house surrounds a square court, to the east +of which is the great hall, kitchen, various domestic offices, with +spacious stables, coach-houses, &c.--all indicative of the splendid +hospitalities of the Elizabethean age and old English character. The +south front commands a fine sloping lawn, with a broad sheet of water, +formed by Brown, together with some interesting park-scenery; the +western side has nearly the same views, with the advantage of distant +objects in Rutlandshire, Lincolnshire, and the spires of Stamford. From +the north front the ground gradually slopes to the river Welland. A +complete list of the pictures and valuable curiosities of Burleigh will +be found in a Guide published by the ingenious Mr. Drakard, bookseller, +of Stamford, as well as in that gentleman's excellent _History of +Stamford_. + +About two miles west of Burleigh, are the ruins of Wothorp, or Worthorp +House. According to Camden, a mansion of considerable size was erected +here by Thomas Cecil, the first Earl of Burleigh, who jocularly said, +"he built it only to retire to out of the dust, while his great house at +Burleigh was sweeping." After the Restoration the Duke of Buckingham +resided here for some years. + + * * * * * + + + +THE LION'S ROAR. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + + Sad is my grief, and violent my rage, + Furious I knock my head against the rail, + That damns me to this miserable cage; + Fierce as a Jack Tar with his well chew'd tail, + I dash my spittle on the ground, and roar + Loud as the trump to bid us be no more. + + I am the doughty, the illustrious beast, + Called Leo, father of the Panther young, + Tho' last begotten, not belov'd the least, + You all know I have a roast beef tongue: + Then, hear my John Bull clamour, hear my shout! + Why, why the d----, roust we all tarn out? + + Did I not keep a beef-eater below + To show the ladies to my monarch cave? + I kept a constant levee day of show, + And seldom monarchs so polite behave! + You paid far less for seeing me, I ken, + Than _porterage_ for seeing noble men. + + Did I not eat my supper in your presence. + And gnaw the beef bone with a greedy tusk? + Did you not shudder at the marrow's essence, + Not quite so beautiful or sweet as musk? + Did I not ope my lion fauces wider + Than is the difference 'twixt Moore and Ryder? + + Then, why the d----?--I'm obliged to swear! + Must we turn out, to grace the monarch's mews, + From the thronged Strand which seemed our native air, + And, where as thick as piety in pews, + We growl'd within our dens, nor hop'd to change, + Nor wish'd, Instead of Exeter, a change. + + Sweet lovely corner, neighb'ring the Lyceum, + Lord of whose showy board I used to crow. + Frighting my brethren when folks came to see 'em, + Or cutlery of Mr. Clarke below; + I mourn thee in the King's Mews, Mr. Cross + Get Mr. Southey's muse to sing my loss. + + Yes, I am chang'd, like shillings from the Mint + Sent forth to find another one's protection! + Chang'd as palaver which the members print + And do not follow after their election! + Ah! Mr. Cross, your gratitude is low, + You might have ask'd me where I wish'd to go. + + Since we have turn'd out, like a minister + Whose day of residence on loaves and fishes, + Finding himself unable to defer, + He offers up, as if 'twere to his wishes; + Listen, tho' lately coming, to my moan, + And then I'll tell you where we _should_ have gone. + + The Monkeys should have dwelt in the Arcade, + And join'd their fellows, and their brethren Ape + Sat in the shop where clothes are ready made, + To show how elegant they fit the shape! + The Bears gone westward also, ne'er to range + The city, lest they got upon the Change. + + The Tigers, with their talons might have got + A place as blood letters to Dr. Brooks! + The Ounces found themselves a cosy spot + In a confectioner's or pastrycook's, + And yet I question howsoe'er they bake, + That _sixteen ounces_ make not a _pound_-cake. + + And, O, you Elephant!--I beg your pardon! + Dead Chunee! listen to my grave petition, + And take your ivory to Covent Garden; + That they may furnish me a free admission, + And you, you Lynx, you ought to out, and sally + The Winter Theatres, or dark blind alley. + + The lovely Zebra, Asia's painted ass, + 'Stead of a den, and bed of straw possessor, + Down to old Cambridge should have had a pass, + To fill the office of some wise professor; + Then, had he shown each antiquated quiz, + His Zebra auricles were long as his. + + Thus had we all obtained a proper station, + 'Twere in one day of happiness to cruise. + And I had never written my vexation + At being palac'd in the Royal Mews. + The reason for which conduct I'm at loss, + O, Mr. Cross, 'tay'nt you, but I am cross. + + I really thought thou had'st been much genteeler, + _Polite_-o was thy grandfather, remember + Thou wert a Merchant Tailor, and a stealer + To school in younger days, in cold December, + Then did thy fingers, shiv'ring like a Russ, + Make thee to feel--thou could'st not feel for us. + + At Charing Cross, the Golden Cross is thine + No longer; why, then hurry us so near it, + We do not in the little tap-room dine, + Where Greenwich cads and Walworth jarvies beer it, + This Mews is cold to the Exchange's glow, + Belle Sauvage Cross, thou'rt _beau sauvage_, I trow. + + My usage is the best, I don't deny, + Thou'st fee'd the keeper, and he likes to feed us, + But, then the situation I decry, + But crying's useless--who the deuce will heed us? + Then, reader would you listen to my wail, + Come, and but see me, "I'll unfold my tail." + +P.T. + + * * * * * + + + +CALCULATING CHILD. + + +(_Translated from the last number of the Revue Encyclopedique. By a +Correspondent_.) + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +A boy, seven years of age, whose name is Vincent Zuccaro, has excited +the public attention at Palermo for some time past. This child, born of +poor and uneducated parents, possesses an extraordinary talent for +calculation; his mind seizes, as it were, by instinct, all the varied +combinations of numbers, which he unravels with equal facility. The +various reports which had been spread throughout the city, respecting +his talents, appeared so incredible, that a public meeting of literary +men was expressly convened, for the purpose of examining his +pretensions. The meeting was held on the 30th of January last, at the +Academy _Del Buon Gusto_, and consisted of upwards of four hundred +persons, among whom were observed some of the most distinguished +literati and influential persons of the city. Two Professors of +Mathematics were stationed near the child, to prevent collusion or +fraud, and to take minutes of the questions proposed, with the answers +returned. A great number of questions were proposed, which Vincent +Zuccaro answered with a facility that excited general admiration. We +shall only extract two of the most simple, as some of the questions +would be hardly intelligible to general readers: + +Question 1.--A ship set sail at noon from Naples to Palermo (the +distance between the two cities being 180 miles), and sailed at the rate +of ten miles an hour; another ship set off at the same time, to sail +from Palermo to Naples, at the rate of seven miles per hour: at what +time did the ships meet each other, and what was the distance sailed by +each? Vincent Zuccaro immediately replied--The first ship sailed 105 +15/17 miles; the second, 74 2/17 miles. It was then observed to him, +that he had only answered part of the question, and that the hour of +meeting had been omitted. He then said this would be 10 10-17 hours +after the time of the departure. The child had perceived that this part +of the answer was implicitly contained in the former; which he also +imagined the examiners perceived as well as himself, and therefore he +omitted it. + +Question 2.--In three successive attacks upon a town, a quarter of the +assailants perished in the first attack, a fifth in the second, and a +sixth in the last, when their number was reduced to 138 men. Required +the original number? Answer, 360. + +Q.--How did you find that number? + +A.--If the number had been 60, there would eventually have remained 23; +now 23 being the sixth of 138, the assailants were 6 times 60 or 360 at +first. + +Q.--Why did you suppose the number 60, rather than 50 or 70? + +A.--Because neither 50 nor 70 are divisible by 4 or 6. + +From these questions and replies, it will be readily understood that the +child does not employ the ordinary artifices of mathematicians. Marquess +Scriso, who was the first person to discover this singular talent, is +about, with several other persons of distinction in the city, to solicit +the aid of Government in the education of the child, every one being +fully aware of the impropriety of subjecting him to the ordinary mode of +education. + + * * * * * + + + +"OUT OF SEASON," OR THE BEAU'S LAMENT. + +(_For the Mirror._) + +"There is no labour so great as idleness." + + + Heigho! what a blank is our being! ahi! + For there's nobody left in the town, + That's nobody fit to associate with _me;_ + Dinner's up, but my spirits are down, + I can't eat or drink (how should I?) for sorrow, + And the lack of some usual treat, + And I surely should hang me, or marry tomorrow, + Were there not a few _bawls_ in the street. + + Hang! marry! said I, why I'm now _drown'd_ in tears, + Who am wont in _sham pain_ to lose real; + And could pull my own house down, about my own ears + For lack of amusements ideal; + But plays, concerts, shopping, Di'ramas so bright, + That enlarge the pent mind at a view, + Are fled with my friends; I'm the wretchedest _wight_ + That from devil _ennui_, e'er look'd _blue!_ + + O horrible! horrible _world!_ there's not e'en + An old maid in't, to ask me to tea; + Not fit, or in country or town, to _be_ seen, + They have hurried off, blindly _to see!_ + Parks, houses, clubs, shops, churches, squares, _deserts_ seem; + Quite flat, Magazines and Newspapers; + Ah, what shall I do? make a trial of _steam,_ + In order to banish the _vapours?_ + + Shall I swallow my dinner? I can't--shall I sleep? + Then I don't get away from _myself!_ + Shall I think what a beau I have _once_ been, and weep + Like a belle, that is laid on the shelf? + Shall I write? shall I read? ah, yes, that will do, + But an old book is terrible stuff: + Boy, get the new novel, stop, _reading's_ so new, + That a _book_ will be _novel_ enough! + +M.L.B. + + * * * * * + + + +ANCIENT HISTORY OF DRURY LANE. + +(_For the Mirror._) + + +The reader will most probably exclaim, "Ancient History of Drury Lane! +What a farce!" A dirty lane filled with all complexions of hawkers and +pedlars, licensed and unlicensed!--true incurious reader, Gay has sung + + _"Of Drury's mazy courts and dark abodes;"_ + + +yet the topographical and theatrical loiterer may call to mind many +_pleasing_ reminiscences, although mingled with _unpleasing +ones_: + + "Who has not here a watch or snuff-box lost, + Or handkerchiefs that India's shuttle boast." + +GAY. + + +Stowe says, "Drury Lane, so called, for that there is a house belonging +to the family of the Druries.[1] This lane turneth north towards S. +Giles in the field. From the south end of this lane in the high street, +are divers faire buildings, hostelries, and houses for gentlemen, and +men of honor, &c." + + [1] Dr. Donne resided in a house of Sir R. Drury. Vide _Life_ by + honest Izaak Walton. + +Nightingale tells us, "The west end of Wych Street was formerly +ornamented by Drury House, built by Sir William Drury, an able commander +in the Irish wars, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and who +unfortunately fell in a duel with Sir John Burroughs, through a foolish +quarrel about precedency. During the time of the fatal discontents of +Elizabeth's favourite, the Earl of Essex, it was the place where his +imprudent advisers resolved on such counsels, as terminated in the +destruction of him and his adherents. In the next century it was +possessed by the heroic Earl of Craven, who rebuilt it. It was lately a +large brick pile, concealed by other buildings and was a public-house, +bearing the sign of the Queen of Bohemia's Head, the earl's admired +mistress, whose battles he fought animated by love and duty. When he +could aspire to her hand, he is supposed to have succeeded, and it is +said, that they were privately married; and that he built for her the +fine seat at Hampstead Marshal, in the county of Berks, afterwards +destroyed by fire. The services rendered by the earl to London, his +native city, in particular, were exemplary. He was so indefatigable in +preventing the ravages of the frequent fires of those days, that it was +said his very horse smelt it out. He and Monk, Duke of Albemarle,[2] +heroically staid in town during the dreadful pestilence, and at the +hazard of their lives preserved order in the midst of the terror of the +times." The house was taken down, and the ground purchased by Mr. Philip +Astley, who built there the Olympic Pavilion. In Craven Buildings there +was formerly a very good portrait of the Earl of Craven in armour, with +a truncheon in his hand, and mounted on his white horse. The Theatre +Royal in this street, originated on the Restoration. "The king made a +grant of a patent (says Pennant) for acting in what was then called the +Cockpit, and the Phoenix, the actors were the king's servants, were on +the establishment, and ten of them were called gentlemen of the Great +Chamber, and had ten yards of scarlet cloth allowed them, with a +suitable quantity of lace." + + [2] He married a daughter of one of the Fine Barber-women of + Drury Lane. + +There is a curious specimen of ancient architecture at the sign of the +Cock and Magpie public-house, facing Craven Buildings. Smith, in his +_London_, says, "The late Mr. Thomas Batrich, barber, of Drury +Lane, (who died in 1815, aged 85 years,) informed me that Theophilus +Cibber was the author of many of the prize-fighting bills, and that he +frequently attended and encouraged his favourites. It may be here +observed, that Drury Lane had seldom less than seven fights on a Sunday +morning, all going on at the same time on distinct spots." At present, +the fights are between the apple-women and the dogberries, respecting +the _legal tenure of stalls_: + + "Bess Hoy first found it troublesome to bawl, + And therefore plac'd her cherries on a _stall_." + +KING. + + +Drury Lane will always be interesting to the theatrical loiterer, +from the number of _stars_ that have _irradiated_ from its +_horizon_. If the wise Solon had lived in our times, he would no +doubt have felt a local attachment to this neighbourhood; for he +frequented plays even in the decline of life. And Plutarch informs us, +he thought plays useful to polish the manners, and instil the principles +of virtue. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + + +SOLUTION OF THE ENIGMATICAL EPITAPH, + +(See Mirror, vol. xiv. page 214.) + + + O! Superbe! Mors superte! Cur Superbis? + Deus supernos! negat superbis vitam supernam. + Proud man know this! then wherefore art thou proud? + This awful doom--terrific cries aloud-- + Death lifts his arm! with unrelenting dart, + Ready to pierce thy lofty-tow'ring heart. + Why then persist? The Almighty hath denied + Eternal life to all the slaves of Pride! + + * * * * * + + + + +The Selector; +AND +LITERARY NOTICES OF +_NEW WORKS_. + +THE NEW-YEAR'S GIFT AND JUVENILE SOUVENIR FOR 1830. + +_Edited by Mrs. Alaric Watts._ + + +The association of the line-- + + + In wit a man, simplicity a child-- + + +is so happy as to be applicable to the Poet of all Nature. It expresses +as much, if not more merit, than any single line often quoted, and its +frequent repetition has probably induced us to consider the latter +half--"simplicity a child"--as the peculiar talent of writing for +young people, aimed at by many, yet accomplished by so few. What is it +that so delights the young reader--we may say ourselves--in Robinson +Crusoe[3]--the Shakspeare of the play-ground--but _simplicity;_ +and where, among the thousands of nursery books that have since been +written, can we find its match? In childhood, youth, manhood, and old +age, this is the great charm of life; and even the vitiated appetite is +not unfrequently coaxed into amendment by its very delightful character +when contrasted with coarser enjoyments. Metaphysicians deal out this +fact to the world over and over again, and all the philosophy of Locke, +Newton, and Bacon would be of little worth without it. + + [3] A few weeks since we gave a copy of Robinson Crusoe to a young + man, "whose education had been neglected," and who had never + read this delightful book: the account of his delight from its + perusal has more than recompensed us tenfold. + +But this is too philosophical a strain for noticing a child's book--a +little volume that is among books what a child is in human nature--"man +in a small letter;" and such is Mrs. Watt's "New Year's Gift." To +express all the kindly feelings which it must produce in a mind occupied +as ours often is with graver matters--would be only to repeat what we +said a fortnight since; and so without further premise, we will open +this little casket of gems for the reader. We shall not string names +together, but take a few of them. First, the "Sisters of Scio," a true +story, by the author of "Constantinople in 1828," of two little Greek +girls being saved from the Turks, by a good Christian. Next is "The +Recall," by Mrs. Hemans:-- + + Music is sorrowful + Since thou wert gone; + Sisters are mourning thee-- + Come to thine own + Hark! the home voices call, + Back to thy rest! + Come to thy father's hall, + Thy mother's breast! + O'er the far blue mountains, + O'er the white sea-foam, + Come, thou long parted one! + Back to thy home! + + +--How appropriate is the story and its sequel; nay, almost as good as +two of Mr. Farley's pantomime scenes at Christmas. "The Miller's +Daughter," a tale of the French Revolution, which follows, is hardly so +fit: even the mention of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror chills +one's blood. "The Sights of London," is a string of "City Scenes" in +verse; and "May Maxwell," and "The Broken Pitcher," are pretty ballads, +by the Howitts. We are not half through the book, and can only mention +"the Young Governess," a school story--"the Birds and the Beggar of +Bagdad," a fairy tale--"Lady Lucy's Petition," an historiette--"the +Restless Boy," by Mrs. Opie, and the "Passionate Little Girl," by Mrs. +Hofland--all sparkling trifles in prose. Among the poetry is "the +African Mier-Vark," or Ant-eater, by Mr. Pringle, and "the Deadly +Nightshade," a sweetly touching ballad, dated from Florence; "the +Vulture of the Alps" is of similar character; and we are much pleased +with some lines on Birds, by Barry Cornwall, one set of which we copy, +the best prose papers being too long for extract: + + +TO A WOUNDED SINGING BIRD. + + + Poor singer! hath the fowler's gun, + Or the sharp winter, done thee harm? + We'll lay thee gently in the sun, + And breathe on thee, and keep thee warm; + Perhaps some human kindness still + May make amends for human ill. + + We'll take thee in, and nurse thee well, + And save thee from the winter wild, + Till summer fall on field and fell, + And thou shalt be our feathered child, + And tell us all thy pain and wrong + When thou again canst speak in song. + + Fear not, nor tremble, little bird,-- + We'll use thee kindly now, + And sure there's in a friendly word + An accent even _thou_ shouldst know; + For kindness which the heart doth teach, + Disdaineth all peculiar speech. + + 'Tis common to the bird, and brute, + To fallen man, to angel bright, + And sweeter 'tis than lonely lute + Heard in the air at night-- + Divine and universal toungue, + Whether by bird or spirit sung! + + But hark! is that a sound we hear + Come chirping from its throat,-- + Faint--short--but weak, and very clear, + And like a little grateful note? + Another? ha--look where it lies, + It shivers--gasps--is still,--it dies! + + 'Tis dead,--'tis dead! and all our care + Is useless. Now, in vain + The mother's woe doth pierce the air, + Calling her nestling bird again! + All's vain:--the singer's heart is cold, + Its eye is dim,--its fortune told! + + +A versification of a story in Mrs. Barbauld's "Evenings at home," by +Sneyd Edgeworth, Esq. deserves favourable mention; even the names will +tempt the reader. + +There are eleven plates; the frontispiece, "_Little Flora_," from +Boaden, and engraved by Edwards, is a sweet production; and the figures +in "_the Broken Pitcher_," from Gainsborough,[A] are well executed by +H. Robinson. To conclude, we cordially recommend this little volume to +such purchasers as wish to combine simplicity with talent, and the +several beauties of picture and print in their "New Year's Gift," for +1830. + + [4] We should like to see a volume of poems written by Wordsworth, + and illustrated by Gainsborough. How delightfully too would a + few of the poet's lines glib off in a Juvenile Annual. + + * * * * * + + + +EDIE OCHILTREE. + + +_From the New Edition of "The Antiquary."_ + + +Of the "blue gowns," or king's bedesmen, from whom the character of Edie +Ochiltree was drawn, after giving an account from Martin's "Reliquiae +Divi Sancti Andrae," of an order of beggars in Scotland, supposed to +have descended from the ancient bards, and existing in Scotland in the +seventeenth century, but now extinct, Sir Walter Scott says:-- + +"The old remembered beggar, even in my own time, like the Baccoch, or +travelling cripple of Ireland, was expected to merit his quarters by +something beyond an exposition of his distresses. He was often a +talkative, facetious fellow, prompt at repartee, and not withheld from +exercising his powers that way by any respect of persons, his patched +cloak giving him the privilege of the ancient jester. To be a _gude +crack_, that is, to possess talents for conversation, was essential +to the trade of a 'puir body' of the more esteemed class; and Burns, +who delighted in the amusement their discourse afforded, seems to have +looked forward with gloomy firmness to the possibility of himself +becoming one day or other a member of their itinerant society. In his +poetical works, it is alluded to so often, as perhaps to indicate that +he considered the consummation as not utterly impossible. Thus, in the +fine dedication of his works to Gavin Hamilton, he says-- + + "And when I downa yoke a naig, + Then, Lord be thankit, I can beg." + + +Again, in his Epistle to Davie, a brother poet, he states, that in their +closing career-- + + "The last o't, the warst o't, + Is only just to beg." + + +And after having remarked, that + + "To lie in kilns and barns at e'en, + When banes are crazed and blude is thin, + Is doubtless great distress;" + + +the bard reckons up, with true poetical spirit, the free enjoyment +of the beauties of nature, which might counterbalance the hardship +and uncertainty of the life even of a mendicant. In one of his prose +letters, to which I have lost the reference, he details this idea yet +more seriously, and dwells upon it, as not ill adapted to his habits +and powers. + +"As the life of a Scottish mendicant of the eighteenth century, seems to +have been contemplated without much horror by Robert Burns, the author +can hardly have erred in giving to Edie Ochiltree something of poetical +character and personal dignity, above the more abject of his miserable +calling. The class had, in fact, some privileges. A lodging, such as it +was, was readily granted to them in some of the outhouses, and the usual +_awmous_ (alms) of a handful of meal (called a _gowpen_) was +scarce denied by the poorest cottager. The mendicant disposed of these, +according to their different quality, in various bags around his person, +and thus carried about with him the principal part of his sustenance, +which he literally received for the asking. At the houses of the gentry, +his cheer was mended by scraps of broken meat, and perhaps a Scottish +'twal-penny,' or English penny, which was expended in snuff or whisky. +In fact, these indolent peripatetics suffered much less real hardship +and want of food, than the poor peasants from whom they received alms. + +"If, in addition to his personal qualifications, the mendicant chanced +to be a King's Bedesman, or Blue Gown, he belonged, in virtue thereof, +to the aristocracy of his order, and was esteemed a person of great +importance." + +An extract then follows from an account of payments to "Blew Gownis," by +Sir Robert Melvill, of Murdocarney, treasurer-depute of King James VI., +furnished to the author of "Waverley," by an officer of the Register +House; after which Sir Walter proceeds as follows:-- + +"I have only to add, that although the institution of King's Bedesmen +still subsists, they are now seldom to be seen in the streets of +Edinburgh, of which their peculiar dress made them rather a +characteristic feature. + +"Having thus given an account of the genus and species to which Edie +Ochiltree appertains, the author may add, that the individual he had +in his eye was Andrew Gemmells, an old mendicant of the character +described, who was many years since well known, and must still be +remembered, in the vales of Gala, Tweed, Ettrick, Yarrow, and the +adjoining country. + +"The author has in his youth repeatedly seen and conversed with Andrew, +but cannot recollect whether he held the rank of Blue Gown. He was a +remarkably fine old figure, very tall, and maintaining a soldier-like, +or military manner and address. His features were intelligent, with a +powerful expression of sarcasm. His motions were always so graceful, +that he might almost have been suspected of having studied them; for +he might, on any occasion, have served as a model for an artist, so +remarkably striking were his ordinary attitudes. Andrew Gemmells had +little of the cant of his calling; his wants were food and shelter, or a +trifle of money, which he always claimed, and seemed to receive, as his +due. He sang a good song, told a good story, and could crack a severe +jest with all the acumen of Shakspeare's jesters, though without using, +like them, the cloak of insanity. It was some fear of Andrew's satire, +as much as a feeling of kindness or charity, which secured him the +general good reception which he enjoyed every where. In fact, a jest of +Andrew Gemmells, especially at the expense of a person of consequence, +flew round the circle which he frequented, as surely as the bon-mot of +a man of established character for wit glides through the fashionable +world. Many of his good things are held in remembrance, but are +generally too local and personal to be introduced here. + +"Andrew had a character peculiar to himself among his tribe, for aught +I ever heard. He was ready and willing to play at cards or dice with +any one who desired such amusement. This was more in the character of +the Irish itinerant gambler, called in that country a _carrow_, +than of the Scottish beggar. But the late Reverend Doctor Robert Douglas, +minister of Galashiels, assured the author, that the last time he saw +Andrew Gemmells, he was engaged in a game at brag with a gentleman of +fortune, distinction, and birth. To preserve the due gradations of rank, +the party was made at an open window of the chateau, the laird sitting +on his chair in the inside, the beggar on a stool in the yard; and they +played on the window-sill. The stake was a considerable parcel of +silver. The author expressing some surprise, Dr. Douglas observed, that +the laird was no doubt a humorist or original; but that many decent +persons in those times would, like him, have thought there was nothing +extraordinary in passing an hour, either in card-playing or +conversation, with Andrew Gemmells. + +"This singular mendicant had generally, or was supposed to have, as much +money about his person, as would have been thought the value of his life +among modern footpads. On one occasion, a country gentleman, generally +esteemed a very narrow man, happening to meet Andrew, expressed great +regret that he had no silver in his pocket, or he would have given him +sixpence:--'I can give you change for a note laird,' replied Andrew. + +"Like most who have arisen to the head of their profession, the modern +degradation which mendicity has undergone was often the subject of +Andrew's lamentations. As a trade, he said, it was forty pounds a year +worse since he had first practised it. On another occasion he observed, +begging was in modern times scarcely the profession of a gentleman, and +that if he had twenty sons, he would not easily be induced to breed one +of them up in his own line. When or where this _laudator temporis +acti_ closed his wanderings, the author never heard with certainty; +but most probably, as Burns says-- + + "----he died a cadger-powny's death + At some dike side." + + +"The author may add another picture of the same kind as Edie Ochiltree +and Andrew Gemmells; considering these illustrations as a sort of +gallery, open to the reception of any thing which may elucidate former +manners, or amuse the reader. + +"The author's contemporaries at the university of Edinburgh will +probably remember the thin wasted form of a venerable old Bedesman, who +stood by the Potter-row Port, now demolished; and, without speaking a +syllable, gently inclined his head, and offered his hat, but with the +least possible Degree of urgency, towards each individual who passed. +This man gained, by silence and the extenuated and wasted appearance of +a palmer from a remote country, the same tribute which was yielded to +Andrew Gemmells's sarcastic humour and stately deportment. He was +understood to be able to maintain a son a student in the theological +classics of the University, at the gate of which the father was a +mendicant. The young man was modest and inclined to learning, so that a +student of the same age, and whose parents were rather of the lower +order, moved by seeing him excluded from the society of other scholars +when the secret of his birth was suspected, endeavoured to console him +by offering him some occasional civilities. The old mendicant was +grateful for this attention to his son, and one day, as the friendly +student passed, he stooped forward more than usual, as if to intercept +his passage. The scholar drew out a halfpenny, which he concluded was +the beggar's object, when he was surprised to receive his thanks for the +kindness he had shown to Jemmie, and at the same time a cordial +invitation to dine with them next Sunday, 'on a shoulder of mutton and +potatoes,' adding, 'ye'll put on your clean sark, as I have company.' +The student was strongly tempted to accept of this hospitable proposal, +as many in his place would probably have done; but as the motive might +have been capable of misrepresentation, he thought it most prudent, +considering the character and circumstances of the old man, to decline +the invitation. + +"Such are a few traits of Scottish mendicity, designed to throw light on +a novel in which a character of that description plays a prominent part. +We conclude, that we have vindicated Edie Ochiltree's right to the +importance assigned him; and have shown, that we have known one beggar +take a hand at cards with a person of distinction, and another give +dinner parties." + +The curious reader who is anxious to pursue the character still further, +will be gratified with "a few particulars with which his biographer +appears to be unacquainted,"--by a Correspondent of the _Literary +Gazette_, No. 664. + + * * * * * + + + +UNLUCKY TEXT. + + +Poor Dr. Sheridan, in an unguarded moment, but in as guiltless a spirit +as characterized the Vicar of Wakefield, chose for his text, upon the +anniversary of the succession of the House of Hanover, "Sufficient for +the day is the evil thereof." Although the sermon did not contain a +single political allusion that could have caused uneasiness, or should +have given offence, yet it was recorded in judgment against him, and +obstructed his preferment ever after.--_Southey's Colloquies_. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Naturalist. + + * * * * * + +THE AMERICAN ALOE. + +[Illustration] + + +An American Aloe (_Agave Americana_) is one of the most superb +exhibitions in the whole vegetable kingdom. The plant, when vigorous, +rises upwards of twenty feet high, and branches out on every side, +forming a kind of pyramid, of greenish yellow flowers, in thick clusters +at every joint. We often meet with the aloe in our conservatories, and +it has been known to flourish in the open air. A Correspondent of the +_Gardener's Magazine_, writing from Gwrich Castle, Abergelay, +Denbighshire, tells us that "about eight years back he pulled down one +of his hot-houses, in which stood a large American Aloe, known to be 68 +years of age. It was in a box about two feet square, and the plant was +so large that he determined not to put it in the new house then +building; it was, in consequence, placed alongside the south wall in the +corner (not expecting it to live,) where it has been ever since, never +having been watered in summer, nor matted nor attended to in winter, and +it is now as vigorous and as healthy (if not more so) than before. The +box was not buried in the ground, and is now falling to pieces. The +garden is about 100 yards from the sea." + +It is no fable that the Aloe grows about a hundred years (a few more or +less) before it blooms; and, after yielding its seed, the stem withers +and dies. If we remember right, a beautiful specimen in full bloom, was +exhibited three or four years since at the Argyll Rooms, in Regent +Street. + +It may be as well to mention that the sharp-pointed leaves have been +known to inflict serious injury. In the _Lancet_, No. 313, vol. +ii., a case is recorded of a young gardener, who whilst watering some +plants in a gentleman's garden, at Camberwell, accidentally struck his +hand against an aloe plant, one of the prickles of which passed into the +last joint of his lefthand little finger; he regarded the circumstance +at the time as but of trifling consequence, on account of its causing +him but slight inconvenience; neither were the effects worth notice +until two days after the accident, when the part put on a white +appearance, and the finger became very stiff, swollen, and painful; +these symptoms increased, and by the following morning the whole hand +and arm, as far as the elbow, had attained an exceedingly large size. +After suffering about two months, the poor fellow was removed into St. +Thomas's Hospital, where the diseased arm was amputated by Mr. Travers, +and the patient soon recovered his accustomed good health. + + * * * * * + + +MOLES. + + +In those districts where moles abound, it may be remarked that +some of the mole-hills are considerably larger than others. When +a hill of enlarged dimensions is thus discovered, we may be almost +certain of finding the nest, or den of the mole near it, by digging +to a sufficient depth. The fur of the mole is admirably adapted from +its softness and short close texture for defending the animal from +subterraneous damp, which is always injurious, more or less to +non-amphibious animals; and in this climate, no choice of situation +could entirely guard against it. It is a singular fact that there are +no moles in Ireland. May not the dampness of the climate account for +their not thriving there?--_Edinburgh Lit. Gaz._ + + * * * * * + + +CHANGES IN ANIMALS. + + +All domestic mammiferous animals introduced into America have become +more numerous than the indigenous animals. The hog multiplies very +rapidly, and assumes much of the character of the wild boar. Cows did +not at first thrive, but, in St. Domingo, only twenty-seven years after +its first discovery, 4,000 in a herd was not uncommon, and some herds of +8,000 are mentioned. In 1587, this island exported 35,444 hides, and New +Grenada 64,350. Cows never thrive nor multiply where salt is wanting +either in the plants or in the water. They give less milk in America, +and do not give milk at all if the calves be taken from them. Among +horses the colts have all the amble, as those in Europe have the trot: +this is probably a hereditary effect. Bright chestnut is the prevailing +colour among the wild horses. The lambs which are not from _merinos_, +but the _tana basta _and _burda_ of the Spaniards, at first are covered +with wool, and when this is timely shorn, it grows again; if the proper +time is allowed to elapse, the wool falls off, and is succeeded by +short, shining, close hair, like that of the goat in the same climate. +Every animal, it would appear, like man, requires time to accustom +itself to climate. + + * * * * * + + +THE GREAT AMERICAN BITTERN. + +A most interesting and remarkable circumstance we learn from the +_Magazine of Natural History_, attends the great American Bittern; +it is that it has the power of emitting a light from its breast equal to +the light of a common torch, which illuminates the water so as to enable +it to discover its prey. As this circumstance is not mentioned by any +naturalist, the correspondent of the journal in question, took every +precaution to determine, as he has done, the truth of it. + + * * * * * + + + + +Notes of a Reader. + + * * * * * + + +BRITISH SEA SONGS. + + +One of our earliest naval ballads is derived from the Pepys Collection, +and is supposed to have been written in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. +It records the events of a sea-fight in the reign of Henry the Eighth, +between Lord Howard and Sir Andrew Barton, a Scotch pirate; and it is +rendered curious by the picture it presents of naval engagements in +those days, and by a singular fact which transpires in the course of +the details; namely, that the then maritime force of England consisted +of only _two ships of war_. In Percy's "Reliques of Ancient +Poetry," there is another old marine ballad, called the "Winning of +_Cales_," a name which our sailors had given to Cadiz. This affair +took place in June, 1596; but the description of it in the old song +presents nothing peculiar, or worthy of attention as regards naval +manners. From this period, I cannot at present call to mind any sea song +of importance till Gay's "Black-eyed Susan," which, you know, has +maintained its popularity to the present hour, and which deserves to +have done so, no less on account of the beauty of the verses, than of +the pathetic air in the minor to which they are set. This was, at no +great length of time, succeeded by Stevens's "Storm," a song which, I +believe you will all allow, stands deservedly at the head of the lyrics +of the deep. The words are nautically correct, the music is of a manly +and original character, and the subject-matter is one of the most +interesting of the many striking incidents common to sea-life. These +fine ballads, if I mistake not, were succeeded by one or two popular +songs, with music by Dr. Arne; then came those of Dibdin, which were in +their turn followed by a host of compositions, distinguished more by the +strenuous, robust character of the music, than by poetical excellence, +or professional accuracy in the words. The songs in which the words +happened to be vigorous and true--(such, for example, as Cowper's noble +ballad called the "Castaway," and the "Loss of the Royal George,") were +not set to music; but the powers of Shield, Davy, and others, were +wasted on verses unworthy of their compositions. Among these, the +foremost in excellence is the "Arethusa," a composition on which the +singing of Incledon, and the bold, reckless, original John-Bull-like +character of the air by Shield, or ascribed to him, have fixed a high +reputation. Davy's "Bay of Biscay," deserves its popularity; and the +"Sailor Boy," "The Old Commodore," and one or two other melodies by +Reeve, (who, though not much of a musician, was an admirable melodist,) +abound also in the qualities which I have already alluded to, as +peculiar to the national music adapted to sea songs.--_Blackwood's +Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + +MAKING A BOOK. + + +Lady Morgan gives the following process by which her "Book of the +Boudoir" was manufactured: "While the fourth volume of the O'Briens," +says her ladyship, "was going through the press, Mr. Colburn was +sufficiently pleased with the subscription (as it is called in the +trade) to the first edition, to desire a new work from the author. I was +just setting off for Ireland, the horses _literally_ putting to, +[how curious!] when Mr. Colburn arrived with his flattering proposition. +[How _apropos_!] I could not enter into any future engagement; [how +awkward!] and Mr. Colburn taking up a scrabby MS. volume which the +servant was about to thrust into the pocket of the carriage, asked, +'What was that?' [How touchingly simple!] I said it was 'one of many +volumes of odds and ends _de omnibus rebus_;' and I read him the +last entry I had made the night before, on my return from the opera. +[How very obliging, considering that the horses were _literally_ +put to!] 'This is the very thing!' said the 'European publisher;' [how +charming! and yet how droll!] and if the public is of the same opinion, +I shall have nothing to regret in thus coming, though somewhat in +_dishabille_, before its tribunal." + +_Blackwood's Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + +APPARITIONS. + + +Dr. Southey's opinion on apparitions deserves to be carried to the +controversial account of this ever-interesting question:--"My serious +belief amounts to this, that preternatural impressions are sometimes +communicated to us for wise purposes; and that departed spirits are +sometimes permitted to manifest themselves."--_Colloquies_. + + * * * * * + + +THE FEUDAL SYSTEM. + + +The system of servitude, which prevailed in the earlier periods of our +history was not of that unmitigated character that may be supposed. "No +man in those days could prey upon society, unless he were at war with it +as an outlaw--a proclaimed and open enemy. Rude as the laws were, the +purposes of law had not then been perverted;--it had not been made a +craft;--it served to deter men from committing crimes, or to punish them +for the commission;--never to shield notorious, acknowledged, impudent +guilt, from condign punishment. And in the fabric of society, imperfect +as it was, the outline and rudiments of what it ought to be were +distinctly marked in some main parts, where they are now wellnigh +utterly effaced. Every person had his place. There was a system of +superintendence everywhere, civil as well us religious. They who were +born in villainage, were born to an inheritance of labour, but not of +inevitable depravity and wretchedness. If one class were regarded in +some respects as cattle, they were at least taken care of; they were +trained, fed, sheltered, and protected; and there was an eye upon them +when they strayed. None were wild, unless they were wild wilfully, and +in defiance of control. None were beneath the notice of the priest, nor +placed out of the possible reach of his instruction and his care. But +how large a part of your population are, like the dogs of Lisbon and +Constantinople, unowned, unbroken to any useful purpose, subsisting by +chance or by prey; living in filth, mischief, and wretchedness; a +nuisance to the community while they live, and dying miserably at +last!"--_Ibid_. + + * * * * * + + +THE STEAM BOAT ILLUSTRATED. + +_By one of "the Islington, Gray's Inn Lane, and New Road Grand +Literary, Scientific, and Philosophical Institution._ + + +How wondrous is the science of mechanism! how variegated its progeny, +how simple, yet how compound! I am propelled to the consideration of +this subject by having optically perceived that ingenious nautical +instrument, which has just now flown along like a mammoth, that monster +of the deep! You ask me how are steam-boats propagated? in other words, +how is such an infinite and immovable body inveigled along its course? I +will explain it to you. It is by the power of friction; that is to say, +the two wheels, or paddles turning diametrically, or at the same moment, +on their axioms, and repressing by the rotundity of their motion the +action of the menstruum in which the machine floats,--water being, in +a philosophical sense, a powerful non-conductor,--it is clear, that in +proportion as is the revulsion so is the progression; and as is the +centrifugal force, so is the--." + +"Pooh!" cried Uncle John, "let us have some music." + +_New Monthly Magazine._ + + * * * * * + + +LAWS FOR THE POOR. + + +Every civilized state in the world, except Ireland, has prevented the +extortion of the landlords, by institutions, either springing from the +nature of society, or established by positive legal enactments. + +In Austria, great exertions are made for the poor.--Vide "Reisbeck's +Travels through Germany," p. 79; and "Este's Journey," p. 337. + +In Bavaria, there are laws obliging each community to maintain its own +poor.--Vide "Count Rumford's Establishment of Poor in Bavaria," chap. 1. + +In Protestant Germany they are even better provided for.--Vide +"Henderson's Tour in Germany," p. 74. + +In Russia, the aged and infirm are provided with food and raiment by +law, at the expense of the owner of the estate.--"Clarke's Travels in +Russia." For others who may want, there is a college of provision in +each government.--"Took's Russian Empire," vol. ii. p. 181. + +In Livonia and Poland, the lord is bound by law to provide for the +serf.--Vide "Bavarian Transactions," vol. iii. + +In Northern Italy and Sicily, the crop is equally divided between +landlord and tenant.--Vide "Sismondi's Italy." And the revenues of the +church support the poor. + +In imperial France, though the land had been divided by an Agrarian law, +and cultivated, yet the Octroi, with other revenues, were devoted to the +poor. + +In Hungary, though feudal slavery gives an interest to the lord of the +soil in the life of his serf, yet the law insists upon the provision of +food, raiment and shelter. In Switzerland, though the Agrarian law is in +force, and the governments purchase corn to keep down the retail prices, +yet there is a provision for the poor.--Vide "Sismondi's Switzerland," +vol. 1. p. 452. In Norway there is a provision for the poor.--Clarke's +"Scandinavia," p. 637. + +In Sweden, the most moral country in the world, the poor are maintained +in the same manner as in England; a portion of the parochial assessment +is devoted by law to education.--James's "Tour through Sweden," p. 105. + +In Flanders there are permanent funds, &c. for the sustentation of the +poor. Vide Radcliff's "Report on the Agriculture of Flanders." And there +are in the Netherlands seven great workhouses. + +The Dutch poor laws do not differ much from our own.---Vide Macfarlan's +"Inquiries concerning the Poor," p. 218. + +Even in Iceland, there is a provision for the poor.--Vide Han's +"Iceland." Also in Denmark.--Vide p. 292, Jacob's "Tracts on the Corn +Laws." In America there are poor laws.--Vide Dr. Dwight's "Travels," +vol. iv. p. 326. In Scotland the English system is rapidly extending; +and where the poor laws are not introduced, there are a great many of +the miseries which are found in Ireland.--Vide "Evidence of A. Nimmo, +Esq. before the Lords' Committee on Ireland, 1824." This gentleman +thinks, that if they had been earlier introduced, Scotland would be now +a richer country. He also states, that the average expense of supporting +idle mendicants in Ireland, exceeds one million and a half annually, by +the contribution of more than a ton of potatoes from each farm house, to +encourage a system of licentious idleness, profligacy, insolence, and +plunder; and the grand jury presentments amount annually to a +million.--_Monthly Mag_. + + * * * * * + + +In Turkey, nailing by the ears is an operation performed on bakers, for +selling light bread. There is a hole cut in the door for the back of +the culprit's head; the ears are then nailed to the panel; he is left +in this position till sunset, then released; and seldom sustains any +permanent injury from the punishment, except in his reputation. Perjury +is an offence which is so little thought of, that it is visited with +the mildest of all their punishments. The offender is set upon an ass, +with his face to the tail, and a label on his back, with the term +_scheat_ or perjurer. In this way he is led about to the great +amusement of the multitude, and even of his associates. + + * * * * * + + +SCHOOL DAYS. + + +Linnaeus long retained an unpleasant recollection of his school days;[5] +it is common to call this period of human life, a happy one, but that +existence must have been very wretched, of which, the time passed at +school has been the happiest part; it is sufficiently apparent even +to superficial observers that the mind cannot, in early life, be +sufficiently matured for high enjoyment; the most exquisite of our +pleasures, are intellectual, and cannot be relished until the mental +faculties have been cultivated and expanded.--_Clayton's Sketches +in Biography_. + + [5] He was sent at the age of ten years to a school at Wexin, + the master of which was so severe as entirely to destroy his + spirits, and repress the early indications of his extraordinary + talents. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE +Public Journals + + * * * * * + + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A LANDAULET! + + +I dined one day at a bachelor's dinner in Lincoln's Inn-fields, and my +wife having no engagement that evening, I gave my coachman a half +holiday, and when he had set me down, desired him to put up his horses, +as I should return home in a jarvey. At eleven, my conveyance arrived; +the steps were let down, and, when down, they slanted under the body of +the carriage; my foot slipped from the lowest step, and I grazed my shin +against the second; but at last I surmounted the difficulty, and seating +myself, sank back upon the musty, fusty, ill-savoured squabs of the +jarvey. + +I was about to undertake a very formidable journey; I lived in the +Regent's Park; and as the horses that now drew me had been worked hard +during the day, it seemed probable that some hours would elapse before I +could reach my own door. Off they went, however; the coachman urged them +on with whip and tongue: the body of the jarvey swung to and fro; the +glasses shook and clattered; the straw on the floor felt damp, and rain +water oozed through the roof, (for it was a landaulet). I felt chilled, +and drew up the front window, at least I drew up the frame; but as it +contained no glass, I was not the warmer for my pains; so I wrapped my +cloak around me, and rather sulkily sank into a reverie. The vehicle +still continued to rumble, and rattle, and shake, and squeak; I fell +into a doze, caused by some fatigue and much claret, and gradually these +sounds seemed to soften into a voice! I distinguished intelligible +accents! I listened attentively to the low murmurs, and distinctly I +heard, and treasured in my memory, what appeared to me to be the "Lament +of the Landaulet!" + +The poor _body_ seemed to sigh, and the wheels became _spokesmen_! + +"I am about fifteen years of age," (thus squeaked my equipage); "I was +born in Long Acre, the birthplace of the aristocracy of my race, and +Messrs. Houlditch were my parents. + +"No four-wheeled carriage could possibly have entered upon life with +brighter prospects; it is, alas! my hard lot to detail the vicissitudes +that rendered me what I am. + +"I was ordered by an earl, who was on the point of marriage with an +heiress, and I was fitted up in the most expensive style. My complexion +was pale yellow; on my sides I had coronets and supporters; my inside +was soft and comfortable; my rumble behind was satisfactory; and my +dicky was perfection, and provided with a hammercloth. My boots were +capacious, my pockets were ample, and my leathers in good condition. + +"When I stood at the earl's door on the morning of his marriage, it was +admitted by all who beheld me, that a neater _turn-out_ had never +left Long Acre. Lightly did my noble possessor press my cushions, as I +wafted him to St. George's Church, Hanover Square; and when the ceremony +was over, and the happy pair sat side by side within me, the earl kissed +the lips of his countess, and I felt proud, not of the rank and wealth +of my contents, but because they were contented and happy. + +"Oh, how merrily my wheels whirled in those days! I bore my possessors +to their country-seat; I flew about the county returning wedding visits; +I went to races, with sandwiches and champagne in my pockets; and I +spent many a long night in the inn-yard, while my lord and lady were +presiding at county assemblies. + +"Mine was a life of sunshine and smiles. But ladies are capricious: the +countess suddenly discovered that I was heavy. Now, if she wished me to +be light-headed, why did she order a landaulet? She declared, too, that +I was unfit for town service; gave new orders to Houlditch; took +possession of a chariot fashioned eight months later than myself; sent +me to Long Acre to be disposed of, and I became a secondhand article! + +"My humiliation happened at an unlucky moment, for continual racketing +in the country had quite unhinged me; I required bracing, and had quite +lost my colour. My paternal relation, however, (Houlditch), undertook my +repair, and I was very soon exhibited painted green, and ticketed, 'For +sale secondhand.' + +"It was now the month of May, when all persons of the smallest +fashionable pretensions shun their country abodes and come to London, +that they may escape the first fragrance of the flowers, the first song +of the birds, the budding beauty of the forests and the fresh verdure of +the fields. I therefore felt (as young unmarried ladies feel at the +commencement of the season) that there was every chance of my finding a +lord and master, and becoming a prominent ornament of his establishment. + +"After standing for a month at Houlditch's, (who, by the by, was not +over-civil to his own child, but made a great favour of giving me +house-room), I one day found myself scrutinized by a gentleman of very +fashionable appearance. He was in immediate want of a carriage; I was, +fortunately, exactly the sort of carriage he required, and in a quarter +of an hour the transfer was arranged. + +"The gentleman was on the point of running away with a young lady; +_he_ was attached to _her_, four horses were attached to +_me_, and I was in waiting at the corner of Grosvenor Street at +midnight. I thought myself a fortunate vehicle; I anticipated another +marriage, another matrimonial trip, another honeymoon. Alas! my present +trip was not calculated to add to my respectability. My owner, who was a +military man, was at his post at the appointed time: he seemed hurried +and agitated; frequently looked at his watch; paced rapidly before one +of the houses, and continually looked towards the drawing-room windows. +At length a light appeared, the window was opened, and a female, muffled +in a cloak and veil, stood on the balcony; she leaned anxiously forward; +he spoke, and without replying she re-entered the room. The street-door +opened, and a brisk little waiting-maid came out with some bundles, +which she deposited in the carriage: the captain (for such was his rank) +had entered the hall, and he now returned, bearing in his arms a +fainting, weeping woman; he placed her by his side in the carriage: my +rumble was instantly occupied by the waiting-maid and my master's man, +and we drove off rapidly towards Brighton. + +"The captain was a man of fashion; handsome, insinuating, profligate, +and unfeeling. The lady--it is painful to speak of her: what she +_had_ been, she could never more be; and what she then was, she +herself had yet to learn. She had been the darling pet daughter of a +rich old man; and a dissipated nobleman had married her for her money +when she was only sixteen. She had been accustomed to have every wish +gratified by her doting parent; she now found herself neglected and +insulted by her husband. Her father could not bear to see his darling's +once-smiling face grow pale and sad, and he died two years after her +marriage. She plunged into the whirlpool of dissipation, and tasted the +rank poisons which are so often sought as the remedies for a sad heart. +From folly she ran to imprudence; from imprudence to guilt;--and was +the runaway wife happier than she who once suffered unmerited ill-usage +at home? Time will show. + +"At Brighton, my wheels rattled along the cliffs as briskly and as +loudly as the noblest equipage there; but no female turned a glance of +recognition towards my windows, and the eyes of former friends were +studiously averted. I bore my lady through the streets, and I waited for +her now and then at the door of the theatre; but at gates of +respectability, at balls, and at assemblies, I, alas! was never +'called,' and never 'stopped the way.' Like a disabled soldier, I ceased +to bear _arms_, and I was _crest_-fallen! + +"This could not last: my mistress could little brook contempt, +especially when she felt it to be deserved; her cheek lost its bloom, +her eye its lustre; and when her beauty became less brilliant, she no +longer possessed the only attraction which had made the captain her +lover. He grew weary of her, soon took occasion to quarrel with her, and +she was left without friends, without income, and without character. +I was at length torn from her: it nearly broke my springs to part with +her; but I was despatched to the bazaar in London, and saw no more of +my lady. + +(_To be continued_.) + + * * * * * + + +FASHIONABLE NOVELS. + + +It is well that hard words break no bones, else two or three gentlemen +of literary notoriety would be in a sorry plight after reading the +following passage in a recent _Magazine_. We stand by, and like +the fellow in the play, bite our thumb:-- + +"Surely, surely, all men, women, and children, not cursed with the +fatuity that would become a vice-president of the Phrenological Society, +must by this time be about heartsick of what are called Novels of +Fashionable Life. Only two men of any pretensions to superiority of +talent have had part in the uproarious manufacture of this ware, that +has been dinned in our ears by trumpet after trumpet, during the last +six or seven years. Mr. Theodore Hook began the business--a man of such +strong native sense and thorough knowledge of the world as it is, that +we cannot doubt the _coxcombry_ which has drawn so much derision on his +_sayings_ and _doings_ was all, to use a phrase which he himself has +brought into fashion, _humbug_. He could not cast his keen eyes over any +considerable circle of society in this country, without perceiving the +melancholy fact, that the British nation labours under a universal mania +for gentility--all the world hurrying and bustling in the same idle +chase--good honest squires and baronets, with pedigrees of a thousand +years, and estates of ten thousand acres--ay, and even noble lords--yea, +the noblest of the noble themselves (or at least their ladies), rendered +fidgety and uncomfortable by the circumstance of their not somehow or +other belonging to one particular little circle in London. Comely +round-paunched parsons and squireens, again, all over the land, eating +the bread of bitterness, and drinking the waters of sorrow, because +they are, or think they are, tipt the cold shoulder by these same +honest squires and baronets, &c. &c. &c. who, excluded from Almack's, +in their own fair turn and rural sphere enact nevertheless, with much +success, the part of _exclusives_--and so downwards--down to the very +verge of dirty linen. The obvious facility of practising lucratively +on this prevailing folly--of raising 700_l_., 1000_l_., or 1500_l_. +per _series_, merely by cramming the mouths of the asinine with +mock-majestic details of fine life--this found favour with an indolent +no less than sagacious humorist; and the fatal example was set. Hence +the vile and most vulgar pawings of such miserables as Messrs. Vivian +Grey and "The Roue"--creatures who betray in every page, which they +stuff full of Marquess and My Lady, that their own manners are as gross +as they make it their boast to show their morals. Hence, some two or +three pegs higher, and not more, are such very very fine scoundrels +as the Pelhams, &c.; shallow, watery-brained, ill-taught, effeminate +dandies--animals destitute apparently of one touch of real manhood, +or of real passion--cold, systematic, deliberate debauchees, +withal--seducers, God wot! and duellists, and, above all, philosophers! +How could any human being be gulled by such flimsy devices as these? + +"These gentry form a sort of cross between the Theodorian breed of novel +and the Wardish--the extravagantly overrated--the heavy, imbecile, +pointless, but still well-written, sensible, and, we may even add, not +disagreeable, Tremaine and De Vere. The second of these books was a mere +_rifacimento_ of the first; and, fortunately for what remained of +his reputation, Mr. Robert Ward has made no third attempt. He has much +to answer for; _e.g._ if we were called upon to point out the most +disgusting abomination to be found in the whole range of contemporary +literature, we have no hesitation in saying we should feel it our duty +to lay our finger on the Bolingbroke-_Balaam_ of that last and +worst of an insufferable charlatan's productions."--_Devereux_. + + * * * * * + + +BRUSSELS IN 1829. + + +For the education of youth of both sexes, Brussels is one of the best +stations on the continent, and is a good temporary residence for +Englishmen whose means are limited. The country is plentiful, and +consequently every article of living moderate. It is near England, the +government is mild, and there is no restraint in importing English +books, though their own press is any thing but free. + +The population of Brussels is rated at nearly 100,000, of which +above 20,000 are paupers, supported by the government and voluntary +contributions. The population is rapidly increasing. The number of +foreigners in the winter of 1828 was between seven and eight thousand, +of which half the number were English. Many families settle for a +season, and take their flight south, or return home in June; but the +greatest number are stationary for the education of their children. An +English clergyman, formerly a teacher at Harrow, has an establishment +for boys, well conducted, and the expense does not exceed fifty guineas +a year. There are several seminaries for girls, also superintended by +Englishwomen, with French teachers. Masters in every department are +excellent, so that few places afford better schools for education. + +The air in the upper part of the city is salubrious, and the climate, +perhaps, better on the whole than England; but the winters are sharper, +and the summers hotter; fogs are less frequent, and the spring generally +sets in a fortnight earlier than in any part of Great Britain. + +Our countrymen will be disappointed who settle in Brussels as a place of +amusement, for no capital can be more dull; and the natives are not +ready of access, which is probably as much the fault of their visitors +as themselves. As a station for economy, it can be highly recommended, +provided no trust is put in servants, and every thing is paid for with +ready money. The writer of this article resided in Brussels for a dozen +years, and he knows this from experience. If an establishment, large +or small, is well regulated, a saving of fifty per cent, may be made, +certainly, in housekeeping, compared with London. House-rent is dearer +in proportion with other articles of living, and the taxes are daily +augmenting. The horse-tax is more than double that of England; and the +king of the Netherlands can boast that he is the only sovereign in +Europe who has a tax on female labour. William Pitt attempted a similar +measure, but was mobbed by the housemaids, and abandoned it.--_New +Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Gatherer. + + +A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +CURIOUS DISCOVERY OF A ROBBERY. + + +Lysons in his "Environs of London," says, "In a room adjoining to the +south-side of the saloon, in the manor-house, at Charlton, in Kent, is +a chimney-piece, with a slab of black marble so finely polished, that +Lord Downe is said to have seen in it a robbery committed on Blackheath; +the tradition adds, that he sent out his servants, who apprehended the +thieves." Dr. Plot makes the story more marvellous, by laying the scene +of the robbery at Shooter's Hill; he also says, "Thus in a chimney-piece +at Beauvoir Castle, might be seen the city and cathedral of Lincoln, and +in another at Wilton, the city and cathedral of Sarum." + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +"VERY BAD." + + +A tyro interrogating a classical wag on the labours and sufferings of +Homer, was shown the Iliad, and told that it was composed under great +deprivation. Pointing to the edition, he inquired, if that was all the +Iliad; to which he received as answer, that that was not all the _ill +he had_, as Homer was obliged to _sing it_, to procure a little +bread. + + * * * * * + + +EPIGRAM. + + + Young Sloeleaves vaunting he could trace + His line to Julius Caesar, + Was _gall'd_ to hear a wag exclaim, + "The _Celtae_, if you please, Sir!" + +Q IN THE CORNER. + + * * * * * + + +_Inscription over the Hive public-house, in Snargate Street, Dovor._ + + Within this Hive + We're all alive, + Good liquors make us funny, + If you are dry, + Step in and try + The flavour of our honey. + + * * * * * + + +SOVEREIGNS AND GUINEAS, + +_And the reigns in which they have been coined_. + + + First Sovereigns ... Henry VII ... 1485 + Ditto, and half ... Henry VIII ... 1509 + Ditto, ditto ... Edward VI ... 1546 + Ditto, ditto ... Mary ... 1553 + Ditto, ditto ... Philip & Mary ... 1554 + Ditto, ditto ... Elizabeth ... 1558 + Ditto, ditto ... James I ... 1603 + Ditto, ditto ... Charles I ... 1625 + Ditto, ditto ... Commonwealth ... 1648 + Ditto, ditto ... Oliver Cromwell 1650 + Guineas ... Charles II ... 1660 + 5l. piece, 2l. do. Guinea and half ditto ... James II ... 1684 + Ditto, ditto ... Will. and Mary... 1688 + Ditto, ditto ... William ... 1694 + Ditto, ditto, and a quarter guinea ... Anne ... 1702 + Ditto, ditto ... George I ... 1725 + Ditto, ditto, but no quar. guineas ... George II ... 1726 + Guineas, half do. Quarter ditto, 2 guinea + piece, 5 guinea ditto ... George III ... 1760 + Dble. Sovereign Sovereign, half ditto ... George IV ... 1820 + + + * * * * * + + +EPIGRAMS ON THE FEES DEMANDED FOR SEEING WESTMINSTER ABBEY. + + + Dame Godly desired the Abbey to view, + Admittance, one sixpence, demanded the clerk, + Which modest request in astonishment wrapt her, + How long will you such imposition pursue? + Faith ma'am, as to that we are left in the dark, + But I think, for my part, to the _end_ of the _Chapter_.[6] + + [6] The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are supposed to receive + the money paid for seeing the Abbey. + + * * * * * + + + Down with your cash, the Verger cries, + How mean'st thou this? John Bull replies, + What law protects th' extortion? + Stop, gentle friend--what's law to us? + The law's your own--so make no fuss, + The _profits_ are _our_ portion. + + * * * * * + + + Poets and prophets 'mongst the ancient Romans + Were deemed the same, and this our pockets rue, + For on _this_ creed is built our sacred showman's, + Who has his _poets_ and his _profits_ too. + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH IN BRENTWOOD CHURCHYARD, ESSEX. + + + Here lyes Isaac Greentree. + + +A wag passing through the churchyard, wrote as follows:-- + + There is a time when these green trees shall fall, + And Isaac Greentree rise above them all. + + * * * * * + + +GALLOWAYS--WHY PARTICULAR HORSES SO CALLED. + + +Galloway is a county in Scotland that lies the most to the south and +the nearest to Ireland. This county gives name to a particular breed +of horses of a middling size, which are strong, active, hardy, and +serviceable. + +Tradition reports that this kind of horse sprung from some Spanish +stallions, who swam on shore from some of the ships of the famous +Spanish Armada wrecked on the coast. + +C.K.W. + + * * * * * + + +WARNING TO YOUNG LADIES. + +_Intended as an "accompaniment" to a celebrated piece of Music, by +Craven_. + + + Oh! ladies fair, tho' smooth the air, + I send you now, I pray take care-- + Lest "THE LIGHT BARK" be, after all, + Foredoom'd to perish in a _squall!_ + +PRINTER'S DEVIL. + + * * * * * + + +ANNUALS FOR 1830. + + +With the next number of "THE MIRROR," will be published the first +SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET of the + +SPIRIT OF THE ANNUALS FOR 1830, + +With a fine Engraving from one of the most splendid embellishments +of these popular works. The SUPPLEMENT will contain "the +Amulet"--"Friendship's Offering," and Notices of as many more volumes +as can consistently be brought within the compass of one sheet. + + * * * * * + + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE + +_Following Novels is already Published:_ + + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 397 *** + +***** This file should be named 11234.txt or 11234.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/3/11234/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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