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diff --git a/old/11222-8.txt b/old/11222-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18f02e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11222-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2018 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 395, Saturday, October 24, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: February 22, 2004 [EBook #11222] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 395 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + + + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XIV, No. 395.] SATURDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration] + + + + +The Original Royal Exchange. + +(_From a Correspondent_.) + + +Four centuries since the Merchants of London could not boast of a public +Exchange. They then assembled to transact business in Lombard-street, +among the Lombard Jews, from whom the street derives its name, and who +were then the bankers of all Europe. Here too they probably kept their +_benches_ or _banks_, as they were wont to do in the market-places of +the continent, for transacting pecuniary matters; and thus drew around +them all those of whose various pursuits money is the common medium. + +At length, in 1534, Sir R. Gresham, who was agent for Henry the Eighth +at Antwerp, and had been struck with the advantages attending the +_Bourse_, or Exchange, of that city, prevailed upon his Royal Master to +send a letter to the Mayor and Commonalty of London, recommending them +to erect a similar building on their manor of Leadenhall. The Court of +Common Council, however, were of opinion that such a removal of the +seat of business would be impracticable, and the scheme was therefore +dropped; but in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Gresham, who +succeeded to the Antwerp agency, happily accomplished what had been +denied to the hopes of his father. In 1564 Sir Thomas proposed to the +Corporation--"That if the City would give him a piece of ground, in a +commodious spot, he would erect an Exchange at his own expense, with +large and covered walks, wherein the merchants might assemble and +transact business at all seasons, without interruption from the weather, +or impediments of any kind." The Corporation met the proposal with +a spirit of equal liberality; and in 1566 various buildings, houses, +tenements, &c. in Cornhill, were purchased for rather more than £3,530, +and the materials re-sold for £478, on condition of pulling them down +and carrying them away.--The ground plot was then levelled at the charge +of the City, and possession given to Sir Thomas, who in the deed is +styled, "Agent to the Queen's Highness," and who laid the foundation of +the new Exchange on the 7th of June following; and the whole was covered +in before November 1567. + +The plan adopted by Sir Thomas, in the formation of his building, was +similar to the one at Antwerp. An open area was inclosed by a quadrangle +of lofty stone-buildings, with a colonnade as at present, supported, +by marble columns of the Doric order, over which ran a cornice, with +Ionic pilasters above, having niches between, containing statues of the +English Sovereigns. The entrances were from Cornhill and Broad-street. +Over the first, between two Ionic three-quarter columns, were the Royal +Arms, and on either side were those of the City and Sir Thomas; on the +north side, but not exactly in the centre, rose a Corinthian pillar +to about the same height as the tower in front surmounted with the +grasshopper. In every other respect it was similar to the south, of +which the previous engraving is a view. + +Over the arcade were shops, to which you ascended by two staircases, +north and south. Above stairs were about[1] one hundred shops, varying +from 2-3/4 feet to 20 in breadth and forming a sort of bazaar, then +called the Pawne. These shops, for the first two or three years did not +answer the expectation of the founder, for such was the force of habit, +that the merchants, notwithstanding all the inconveniences attending +Lombard-street, could not be prevailed upon to avail themselves of the +new mart. + + [1] From an old Vestry-book belonging to St. Michael's we also + learn the rents of the shops, which were at first only forty + shillings, in the course of a few years were raised to four + marks; afterwards to four pounds, and after the fire they were + let at ten shillings per foot. + +The building had been opened two or three years, when the Queen +signified her intention of paying it a visit of inspection; but so +many of the shops still remained unoccupied, that Sir Thomas found it +necessary to go round to the shopkeepers, and beseech them "to furnish +and adorne it with wares and wax lights, in as many shoppes as they +either could or woulde, and they should have all those so furnished +rent-free for that yeare."--_Stowe_. + +Her Majesty on the day fixed (Jan. 23, 1570), having dined with the +founder, at his house in Bishopsgate-street, returned by the way of +Cornhill, and entered on the south side; and having viewed it, she +expressed herself much pleased; and, with the national spirit which so +eminently distinguished her, commanded that, instead of the foreign name +_Bourse_, by which the citizens had begun to call it, it should be +styled, in plain English--The Royal Exchange--which was proclaimed by +sound of trumpet:-- + + + "Proclaim through every high street of the city, + This place be no longer called a Burse; + But since the building's stately, fair, and strange, + Be it for ever called--The Royal Exchange!"[2] + + [2] Second part of "Queen Elizabeth's Troubles"--a Play, by + T. Heywood, 1609. + +The building could not have been very substantial, for by an entry in +the Wardbook of Cornhill ward, we find that in 1581, not fourteen years +after its completion, some of the arches of the arcade were in an unsafe +condition, and the lives of the merchants passing under were in danger. +And further--in 1603 another entry states, that the east and north walls +were also unsafe; and thus it continued wanting still greater repairs, +in which the Mercers' Company expended vast sums of money, till it was +entirely destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. + +Sir Thomas Gresham, by his will, bequeathed this building, with his +house in Bishopsgate-street, to the Mercers' Company and the Corporation +of London, in joint trust: the house as a college, and the produce of +the Exchange for the payment, in the first place, of the salaries of the +lecturers and the other expenses of the college; and secondly, of +certain annual sums to different hospitals, prisons, and almshouses. + +Such was the origin of the Royal Exchange. After its destruction, in +1666, the funds in the hands of Sir Thomas Gresham's trustees amounted +to no more than £234. 8s. 2d.; but, with a spirit beyond all praise, +they contributed from their own resources the necessary sum for +rebuilding the Exchange, which was completed and opened September 28, +1669, the total cost being £58,962, which the City Corporation and the +Mercers' Company defrayed equally between them. Since that period it has +undergone several reparations; but a most complete and substantial one +was commenced in 1820, under the direction of Mr. Geo. Smith, architect +to the Mercers' Company, the estimated expense of which was nearly +£33,000; and staircases on the north, south, and west sides have since +been built of stone, at an expense of about £6,000. + +The emoluments derived by Lady Gresham from the Royal Exchange are +stated to have amounted to £751. 5_s_. per annum; and these she +continued to enjoy till her decease, in the year 1596; but the Mercers' +Company, instead of profiting by the donation, had, after the late +repairs, expended out of their own fund no less a sum than £200,500. + +We are indebted to an active Correspondent for the original of +the engraving (a pencil drawing), and the abridgment of the previous +description, from a neatly compiled work--the _Percy_ History of London, +and from original and authentic sources. We are, however, compelled +to omit the "dimensions of the ground on which the original Exchange +stood," notwithstanding our Correspondent has been at the pains to copy +the items from "an old record in the Chamber of London, never before +made public." The document is of considerable value, in illustrating the +topography of ancient London; but its interest is hardly popular enough +for our pages. + + * * * * * + + +SONNET, + +ON LEAVING WINCHESTER. + + + Winton--ere thee I leave in hoary pride, + Thy hallow'd temples, and thine aged towers, + Lifting their heads amid the rural bowers + That grace fair Itchen's ever-rippling tide, + I gaze--and think how many a century + Hath slowly roll'd along, since in their might + The British Chieftain and the Roman Knight + First met in thee in triumph or to die. + But now in peace along thy vale I rove, + Or mark with awe thy venerable pile + Of mitred pomp, and down the lengthen'd aisle + Listen to notes divine, with those I love. + These are the charms that memory must renew, + Till I shall gaze again, with reverence due. + +TOSCAR. + + * * * * * + + +EQUANIMITY. + +HORACE. Part of Ode 3rd, Book 3rd, paraphrased. + +_"Justum et tenacem propositi virum"_ + + + Nor direful rage, nor bois'trous tumult loud, + Nor looks infuriate of the threat'ning crowd-- + Nor haughty tyrants, with their angry scowl, + Like beasts that o'er the traveller's pathway prowl-- + Nor southern storm, that o'er the ocean raves, + And swells in mountain heights its restless waves, + Can aught avail, with all their force combined, + To shake the man with firm, though tranquil, mind! + Guided by Justice and by Wisdom's laws, + Secure he stands to guard his righteous cause. + What--tho' in awful haste the tott'ring world, + By Heaven's command, be into ruin hurl'd: + As on a rock unshaken he remains, + Upborne by Him who all the just sustains! + Destruction's thunders rage from pole to pole-- + Yet he undaunted smiles, and bids them calmly roll! + +TOSCAR. + + * * * * * + + +ST. SEPULCHRE'S BELL. + +(_For the Mirror_.) + + +Among the list of benefactions in the parish church of St. Sepulchre is +the following, relative to the tolling of the church-bell on the eve of +the execution of unhappy criminals: + +"Robert Doue, Citizen and Merchant Tailor of London, gave to the parish +church of St. Sepulchre's the somme of £50. That after the several +Sessions of London, when the prisoners remain in the gaole as condemned +men to death, expecting execution on the morrow following, the clarke +(that is, the parson) of the church shoold come in the night time, and +likewise in the morning, to the window of the prison where they lye, and +there ringing certain tolls with a hand-bell appointed for the purpose, +he doth afterwards (in most Christian manner) put them in mind of their +present condition and ensuing execution, desiring them to be prepared +therefore as they ought to be. When they are in the cart, and brought +before the wall of the church, there he standeth ready with the same +bell, and after certain toles rehearseth an appointed praier, desiring +all the people there present to pray for them. The Beadle, also, of +Merchant Taylors' Hall hath an honest stipend allowed to See that this +is duly done." + +It has been a very ancient custom, on the night previous to the +execution of condemned criminals, for the bellman of the above parish to +go under Newgate, and, ringing his bell, repeat the verses beneath +(which, by the above extract, it would appear, should be the duty of the +clergyman), as a friendly admonition to the wretched prisoners: + + "All you that in the condemned hold do lie, + Prepare you, for to-morrow you shall die! + Watch all and pray, the hour is drawing near + That you before the Almighty must appear: + Examine well yourselves, in time repent, + That you may not t' eternal flames be sent. + And when St. Sepulchre's bell to-morrow tolls, + The Lord above have mercy on your souls! + Past twelve o'clock!" + + +In the case of Stephen Gardener, who was executed at Tyburn, in 1724, +the bellman chanted the above verses. This man, with another, being +brought to St. Sepulchre's watch-house, on suspicion of felony, which, +however, was not validated, they were dismissed. "But," said the +constable to Gardener, "beware how you come here again, or this bellman +will certainly say his verses over you;" for the dreaded bellman +happened to be then in the watch-house.--Such proved to be the case, +for the same man suffered the penalty of the law, for housebreaking, +"the day and year first above mentioned." + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Contemporary Traveller. + + * * * * * + + +NOTES OF A TOUR IN THE ISLAND OF JERSEY. + +_By Alexander Sutherland, Esq. Member of the Royal Physical Society of +Edinburgh_. + + +We lost sight of the Needles at sunset. There was little wind; but a +heavy weltering sea throughout the night. Nevertheless, our bark drove +merrily on her way, and at day-break the French coast, near Cape de +la Hogue, was dimly visible through the haze of morning. At dawn the +breeze died away; and as the tide set strongly against us, it was found +necessary to let go an anchor, in order to prevent the current from +carrying us out of our course. The surface of the ocean, though furrowed +by the long deep swell peculiar to seas of vast extent, looked as if +oil had been poured upon it. The vessel pitched prodigiously too; but +neither foam-bubbles nor spray ruffled the glassy expanse. Wave after +wave swept by in majesty, smooth and shining like mountains of molten +crystal; and though the ocean was agitated to its profoundest depths, +its convulsed bosom had a character of sublime serenity, which neither +pen nor pencil could properly describe. + +The night-dew had been remarkably heavy, and when the sun burst through +the thick array of clouds that impended over the French coast, the +cordage and sails discharged a sparkling shower of large pellucid drops. +In the course of the forenoon, a small bird of the linnet tribe perched +on the rigging in a state of exhaustion, and allowed itself to be +caught. It was thoughtlessly encaged in the crystal lamp that lighted +the cabin, where it either chafed itself to death, or died from the +intense heat of the noon-day sun, which shone almost vertically on its +prison. At the time this bird came on board, we were at least ten miles +northward of the island of Alderney, the nearest land. + +At one P.M. tide and wind favouring, we weighed anchor, and stood away +for the Race of Alderney, which separates that island from Cape de la +Hogue. In the Race the tide ran with a strength and rapidity scarcely +paralleled on the coasts of Britain. The famous gulf of Coryvreckan in +the Hebridean Sea, and some parts of the Pentland Firth, are perhaps the +only places where the currents are equally irresistible. To the latter +strait, indeed, the Alderney Race bears a great resemblance; and an +Orkney man unexpectedly entering it, would be in danger of mistaking +Alderney for Stroma, and Cape de la Hogue for Dunnet Head. In stormy +weather the passage of the Race is esteemed by mariners an undertaking +of some peril--a fact we felt no disposition to gainsay; for though the +day was serene, and the swell from the westward completely broken by +the intervention of the island, the conflict of counter-currents was +tremendous. At some places the water appeared in a state of fierce +ebullition, leaping and foaming as if convulsed by the action of +submarine fires; at others it formed powerful eddies, which rendered +the helm almost of no avail in the guidance of the vessel. + +We steered as near to Alderney, or Aurigni as it is frequently called, +as prudence warranted. It is a high, rugged, bare-looking island, +encompassed by perilous reefs, but supporting a pretty numerous +population. The only arborescent plants discernible from the deck of our +vessel, were clumps of brushwood. The grain on the cultivated spots was +uncut, and several wind-mills on the higher grounds, indicated the means +by which the islanders, who have very little intercourse with the rest +of the world, reduce their wheat into flour. The southern side of the +island is precipitous, and its eastern cape terminates in a fantastic +rock called the Cloak, which our captain consulted as a landmark in +steering through the Race. There is only one village in Alderney--a +paltry place, named St. Anne, or in common parlance La Ville; and there +a detachment of troops is generally stationed. Small vessels only can +enter the harbour, which is shelterless, and rendered difficult of +access by a sunken reef. At sunset Alderney was far astern, and three +of its sister islands, Sark, Herm, and Jethau, were in view ahead. + +It was impossible to behold, without a portion of romantic enthusiasm, +the dazzling radiance of the orb of day, as it went down in splendour +beyond the gleaming waves. A thousand affecting emotions are liable to +be excited by the prospect of that mighty sea whose farther boundaries +lie in another hemisphere--whose waters have witnessed the noblest feats +of maritime enterprise, and the fiercest conflicts of hostile fleets. +Where shall we find the man to whom science is dear, who dreams not of +Columbus, when he first feels himself rocked by the majestic billows +of the Atlantic--who regards not the golden line of light, which +the setting sun casts over the waste of waters, as a type of the +intellectual illumination experienced by the ocean pilgrim, when he +first steered his bark into its solitudes? Who can survey, even the +hither strand of that vast sea, without reflecting that the waves that +break at his feet have laved the palm-fringed shores of America; and +that the bones of millions--the pride, and pomp, and treasure of +nations--repose in the same capacious tomb? + +Anxious to be a spectator of the perils that beset navigation among +these islands, I repaired to the deck before day-break, at which time, +according to our captain's calculation, we were likely to double the +Corbiére--a well-known promontory on the western side of Jersey--which +requires to be weathered with great circumspection. Jersey was already +visible on our larboard bow--a lofty precipitous coast. Wind and tide +were in our favour, and we swept smoothly and rapidly round the cape; +but the jagged summits of the reefs that environ it, and the impetuosity +of the currents, bore incontestable evidence to the verity of the tales +of misfortune which our captain associated with its name. The rock +which bears the appellation of the Corbiére, is close in shore, and +so grotesque in form, as to be readily singled out from the adjacent +cliffs. A reef, visible only at low water, shoots from it a considerable +distance into the sea, and another ledge of the same aspect, lies still +farther seaward; consequently the course of a careful pilot, is to hold +his way free through the channel between them. If a lands-*man may be +permitted to make an observation on a nautical point, I would say that +our steersman kept the peak of the Corbiére exactly on a level with the +adjacent precipices, till we were directly abreast of the headland, and +then stood abruptly in-shore till within a few fathoms of the cliffs, +under the shadow of which he afterwards held a steady course till +we opened the bay of St. Aubin. + +The fantastic and inconstant outline of the Corbiére, as we were +hurried swiftly past it, was a subject of surprise and admiration. +When first seen through the haze of morning, it resembled a huge +elephant supporting an embattled tower; a little after, it assumed +the similitude of a gigantic warrior in a recumbent posture, armed +_cap-a-pie;_ anon, this apparition vanished, and in its stead rose a +fortalice in miniature, with pigmy sentinels stationed on its ramparts. +The precipices between the Corbiére and the bay of St. Aubin, are no +less worthy of notice than that promontory. They slope down to the +water-edge in enormous protuberances, resembling billows of frozen +lava, intersected by wide sinuous rifts, and present a most interesting +field for geological research. + +The bay of St. Aubin is embraced by a crescent of smiling eminences +thickly sprinkled with villas and orchards. St. Helier crouches at the +base of a lofty rock that forms the eastern cape: the village of St. +Aubin is similarly placed near Noirmont Point, the westward promontory, +and between the two, stretches a sandy shelving beach, studded with +martello towers. The centre of the bay is occupied by Elizabeth +Castle--a fortress erected on a lofty insulated rock, the jagged +pinnacles of which shoot up in grotesque array round the battlements. +The harbour is artificial, but capacious and safe, and so completely +commanded by the castle, as to be nearly inaccessible to an enemy. The +jetties and quays, which had only been recently constructed, are of +great extent and superior masonry. The majority of the vessels in port +were colliers from England; but summer is not the season to look for +crowded harbours. The merchants of St. Helier engage deeply in the +Newfoundland fishery, and are otherwise distinguished for maritime +enterprise; consequently there is no reason to infer that the vast sum +of money which must of necessity have been expended in the improvement +of the harbour, has been unprofitably sunk. During the late war the +islanders rapidly increased in opulence, as the island was filled with +troops and emigrants, who greatly enhanced the value of home produce; +but the cessation of hostilities restored matters to their natural +order, and the Jerseymen bewail the return of peace and plenty with +as much sincerity as any half-pay officer that ever doffed his martial +appurtenances. + +St. Helier may contain about 7,000 inhabitants. Internally it differs +little from the majority of small sea-ports in England, save it may be +in the predominance of foreign names on the signboards, and the groups +of French marketwomen, distinguished by their fantastic head-gear, who +perambulate the streets. The only place worthy of a visit is the market, +which, for orderly arrangement, and plenteous supply, is scarcely +excelled in any quarter of the world. It was occupied chiefly by Norman +women, who repair here regularly once a-week from Granville to dispose +of their fowls, fish, eggs, fruit, and vegetables. Most of them were +seated at their stalls, and industriously plying their needles, when +not occupied in serving customers. They had a mighty demure look, and +never condescended to solicit any person to deal with them--a mode of +behaviour which the butchers, fishmongers, fruiterers, and greengrocers, +of Great Britain would do well to imitate. The generality were +hard-featured; and their grotesque head-dresses, parti-coloured +kerchiefs, and short clumsily-plaited petticoats, gave them a grotesque, +antiquated air, altogether irreconcilable to an Englishman's taste. +They were, however, wonderfully clean, and civil and honourable in their +traffic, compared with the filthy, ribald, over-reaching hucksters who +infest our markets; and it was gratifying to hear that the Jersey people +encouraged their visits, and treated them with hospitality and respect. + +The rock on which Elizabeth Castle is perched, is nearly a mile in +circuit, and accessible on foot at low water by means of a mole, formed +of loose stones and rubbish, absurdly termed "the Bridge," which +connects it with the mainland. In times of war with France, this +fortress was a post of great importance, and strongly garrisoned; +but in these piping days of peace, I found only one sentinel pacing his +"lonely round" on the ramparts. The barracks were desolate--the cannon +dismounted--and grass sufficient to have grazed a whole herd, had sprung +up in the courts, and among the pyramids of shot and shells piled up at +the embrazures. The gate stood open, inviting all who listed to enter, +and native or foreigner might institute what scrutiny he pleased without +interruption. + +The hermitage of St. Elericus, the patron saint of Jersey, a holy man +who suffered martyrdom at the time the pagan Normans invaded the island, +is said to have occupied an isolated peak, quite detached from the +fortifications, which commands a noble seaward view of the bay. A small +arched building of rude masonry, having the semblance of a watch-tower, +covers a sort of crypt excavated in the rock, into which, by dint of +perseverance, a man might introduce himself; and this, if we are to +credit tradition, is the cave and bed of the ascetic. Here, like the +inspired seer of Patmos, he could congratulate himself on having shaken +off communion with mankind. Cliffs shattered by the warfare of the +elements--a restless and irresistible sea, intersected by perilous +reefs--and the blue firmament--were the only visible objects to distract +the solemn contemplations of his soul. + +An abbey, dedicated to St. Elericus, once occupied the site of Elizabeth +Castle. The fortress was founded on the ruins of this edifice in 1551, +in the reign of Edward VI., and according to tradition, all the bells in +the island, with the reservation of one to each church, were seized by +authority, and ordered to be sold, to defray in part the expense of its +erection. The confiscated metal was shipped for St. Malo, where it was +expected to bring a high price, but the vessel foundered in leaving the +harbour, to the triumph of all good Catholics, who regarded the disaster +as a special manifestation of divine wrath at the sacrilegious +spoliation. + +The works of Fort Regent occupy the precipitous hill that overhangs the +harbour, and completely command Elizabeth Castle, and indeed the whole +bay. They are of great strength, and immense masses of rock have been +blown away from the cliff in order to render it impregnable. The +barracks are bomb-proof, and scooped in the ramparts; and the parade +ground, which in shape exactly resembles a coffin, forms the nucleus of +the fortifications. This fortress had been completed since the peace, +and we found the 12th regiment of the line garrisoning it; but little +of the pomp and circumstance of warlike preparation was visible on +its ramparts. The prospect seaward is magnificent, and includes +a vast labyrinth of rocks called the Violet Bank, which fringes the +south-eastern corner of the island. One glimpse of this submarine garden +is sufficient to satisfy the most apprehensive patriot, that Jersey +is in a great measure independent of "towers along the steep." + +At St. Helier a stranger may, without any great stretch of imagination, +fancy himself in England; but no sooner does he penetrate into the +country, than such self-deception becomes impossible. The roads, even +the best of them, are mere paths, narrow, deep sunk between enormous +dikes, and so fenced by hedges and trees, as to be almost impervious to +the light of day. The fields, of which it is scarce possible to obtain a +glimpse from these "covered ways," are paltry paddocks, rarely exceeding +two or three acres. Hedges and orchards render the face of the country +like a forest, and nearly as much ground is occupied by lanes and fences +as is under the plough. + +(_To be concluded in our next_.) + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE Public Journals + + * * * * * + +THE IDIOT.--AN ANECDOTE. + + +Every reader of dramatic history has heard of Garrick's contest with +Madam Clairon, and the triumph which the English Roscius achieved over +the Siddons of the French stage, by his representation of the father +struck with fatuity on beholding his only infant child dashed to pieces +by leaping in its joy from his arms: perhaps the sole remaining conquest +for histrionic tragedy is somewhere in the unexplored regions of the +mind, below the ordinary understanding, amidst the gradations of +idiotcy. The various shades and degrees of sense and sensibility which +lie there unknown, Genius, in some gifted moment, may discover. In the +meantime, as a small specimen of its undivulged dramatic treasures, we +submit to our readers the following little anecdote:-- + +A poor widow, in a small town in the north of England, kept a booth or +stall of apples and sweetmeats. She had an idiot child, so utterly +helpless and dependent, that he did not appear to be ever alive to anger +or self-defence. + +He sat all day at her feet, and seemed to be possessed of no other +sentiment of the human kind than confidence in his mother's love, and +a dread of the schoolboys, by whom he was often annoyed. His whole +occupation, as he sat on the ground, was in swinging backwards and +forwards, singing "pal-lal" in a low pathetic voice, only interrupted +at intervals on the appearance of any of his tormentors, when he clung +to his mother in alarm. + +From morning to evening he sang his plaintive and aimless ditty; at +night, when his poor mother gathered up her little wares to return home, +so deplorable did his defects appear, that while she carried her table +on her head, her stock of little merchandize in her lap, and her stool +in one hand, she was obliged to lead him by the other. Ever and anon as +any of the schoolboys appeared in view, the harmless thing clung close +to her, and hid his face in her bosom for protection. + +A human creature so far below the standard of humanity was no where ever +seen; he had not even the shallow cunning which is often found among +these unfinished beings; and his simplicity could not even be measured +by the standard we would apply to the capacity of a lamb. Yet it had a +feeling rarely manifested even in the affectionate dog, and a knowledge +never shown by any mere animal. + +He was sensible of his mother's kindness, and how much he owed to her +care. At night when she spread his humble pallet, though he knew not +prayer, nor could comprehend the solemnities of worship, he prostrated +himself at her feet, and as he kissed them, mumbled a kind of mental +orison, as if in fond and holy devotion. In the morning, before she went +abroad to resume her station in the market-place, he peeped anxiously +out to reconnoitre the street, and as often as he saw any of the +schoolboys in the way, he held her firmly back, and sang his sorrowful +"pal-lal." + +One day the poor woman and her idiot boy were missed from the +market-place, and the charity of some of the neighbours induced them to +visit her hovel. They found her dead on her sorry couch, and the boy +sitting beside her, holding her hand, swinging and singing his pitiful +lay more sorrowfully than he had ever done before. He could not speak, +but only utter a brutish gabble! sometimes, however, he looked as if +he comprehended something of what was said. On this occasion, when the +neighbours spoke to him, he looked up with the tear in his eye, and +clasping the cold hand more tenderly, sank the strain of his mournful +"pal-lal" into a softer and sadder key. + +The spectators, deeply affected, raised him from the body, and he +surrendered his hold of the earthy hand without resistance, retiring in +silence to an obscure corner of the room. One of them, looking towards +the others, said to them, "Poor wretch! what shall we do with him?" At +that moment he resumed his chant, and lifting two handfuls of dust from +the floor, sprinkled it on his head, and sang with a wild and clear +heart-piercing pathos, "pal-lal--pal-lal."--_Blackwood's Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + +ENGLISH HEADS. + + +Comparative estimate respecting the dimensions of the head of the +inhabitants in several counties of England. + +The male head in England, at maturity, averages from 6-1/2 to 7-5/8 in +diameter; the medium and most general size being 7 inches. The female +head is smaller, varying from 6-3/8 to 7, or 7-1/2, the medium male +size. Fixing the medium of the English head at 7 inches, there can be +no difficulty in distinguishing the portions of society above from +those below that measurement. + +_London_.--The majority of the higher classes are above the medium, +while amongst the lower it is very rare to find a large head. + +_Spitalfields Weavers_ have extremely small heads, 6-1/2, 6-5/8, 6-3/4, +being the prevailing admeasurement. + +_Coventry_.--Almost exclusively peopled by weavers, the same facts are +peculiarly observed. + +_Hertfordshire, Essex, Suffolk_, and _Norfolk_, contain a larger +proportion of small heads than any part of the empire; Essex and +Hertfordshire, particularly. Seven inches in diameter is here, as in +Spitalfields and Coventry, quite unusual--6-5/8 and 6-1/2 are more +general; and 6-3/8, the usual size for a boy of six years of age, is +frequently to be met with here in the full maturity of manhood. + +_Kent, Surrey_, and _Sussex_.--An increase of size of the usual average +is observed; and the inland counties, in general, are nearly upon the +same scale. + +_Devonshire_ and _Cornwall_.--The heads of full sizes. + +_Herefordshire_.--Superior to the London average. + +_Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cumberland_, and _Northumberland_, have more +large heads, in proportion, than any part of the country. + +_Scotland_.--The full-sized head is known to be possessed by the +inhabitants; their measurement ranging between 7-3/4 and 7-7/8 even to +8 inches; this extreme size, however, is rare.--_Literary Gazette_. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Naturalist + + +ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. + + +The laying-out of the tract of ground on the northern verge of the +Regent's Park, and divided from the present garden of the Zoological +Society, has at length been commenced, and is proceeding with great +activity. We described this as part of the gardens in our illustrated +account of them in No. 330 of the MIRROR, and we now congratulate the +Society on their increased funds which have enabled them to begin this +very important portion of their original design. + +For the purposes of these alterations, the belt of trees and shrubs +which formed so complete and natural a barrier between the road and +canal, will be removed; but when the buildings, &c. are completed, trees +and shrubs are to be replanted close to the road. In addition to huts, +cages, &c. for the reception of living animals, it is said that a +building will be erected in the new garden for the whole or part +of the Society's Museum, now deposited in Bruton Street. This is very +desirable, as the Establishment will then combine similar advantages to +those of the _Jardin des Plantes_ at Paris, where the Museum is in the +grounds. The addition of a botanical garden would then complete the +scheme, and it is reasonable to hope that some of the useless ground in +the park may be applied to this very serviceable as well as ornamental +purpose. + +The communication between the present Zoological exhibition, and the +additions in preparation, will be by a vaulted passage beneath the road. +This subterranean passage will be useful for the abode of such portions +of varied creation as love the shade, as bats, owls, &c. + + * * * * * + + +THE GIRAFFE. + + +The King's Giraffe died on Sunday week, at the Menagerie at +Sandpit-gate, near Windsor. It was nearly four years and a half old, and +arrived in England in August, 1827, as a present from the Pacha of Egypt +to his Majesty. + +About the same time another Giraffe arrived at Marseilles, being also +a present from the Pacha to the King of France. This and the deceased +animal were females, and were taken very young by some Arabs, who fed +them with milk. The Governor of Sennaar, a large town of Nubia, obtained +them from the Arabs, and forwarded them to the Pacha of Egypt. This +ruler determined on presenting them to the Kings of England and France; +and as there was some difference in size, the Consuls of each nation +drew lots for them. The shortest and weakest fell to the lot of England. +The Giraffe destined for our Sovereign was conveyed to Malta, under the +charge of two Arabs; and was from thence forwarded to London, in the +Penelope merchant vessel, and arrived on the 11th of August. The animal +was conveyed to Windsor two days after, in a spacious caravan. The +following were its dimensions, as measured shortly after its arrival +at Windsor: + + + From the top of the head to the bottom of the hoof ... 10 8 + Length of the head ... 1 9 + From the top of the head to the neck root ... 4 0 + From the neck-root to the elbow ... 2 3 + From the elbow to the upper part of the knee ... 1 8 + From the upper part of the knee to the fetlock joint ... 1 11 + From the fetlock joint to the bottom of the hoof ... 0 10 + Length of the back ... 3 1 + From the croup to the bottom of the hoof ... 5 8 + From the hock to the bottom of the hoof ... 2 9 + Length of the hoof ... 0 7-1/2 + + +From the period of its arrival to June last, the animal grew 18 inches. +Her usual food was barley, oats, split beans, and ash-leaves: she drank +milk. Her health was not good; her joints appeared to _shoot over_, and +she was very weak and crippled. She was occasionally led for exercise +round her paddock, when she was well enough, but she was seldom on her +legs: indeed, so great was the weakness of her fore legs for some time +previous to her death, that a pulley was constructed, being suspended +from the ceiling of her hovel, and fastened round her body, so as to +raise her on her legs without any exertion on her part. When she first +arrived she was exceedingly playful, and up to her death continued +perfectly harmless.--_Abridged from the library of Entertaining +Knowledge_. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Anecdote Gallery. + + * * * * * + + +YOUTH AND GENIUS OF MOZART. + + +(_Concluded from page 256_.) + + +On the 10th of April, 1764, the family arrived in England, and remained +there until the middle of the following year. Leopold Mozart fell ill of +a dangerous sore throat during his stay, and as no practising could go +forward in the house at that time, his son employed himself in writing +his first sinfonia. It was scored with all the instruments, not omitting +drums and trumpets. His sister sat near him while he wrote, and he said +to her, "remind me that I give the horns something good to do." An +extract or two from the correspondence of the father will show how +they were received in England:-- + +"A week after, as we were walking in St. James's Park, the king and +queen came by in their carriage, and, although we were differently +dressed, they knew us, and not only that, but the king opened the +window, and, putting his head out and laughing, greeted us with head +and hands, particularly our Master Wolfgang." + +"On the 19th of May, we were with their Majesties from six to ten +o'clock in the evening. No one was present but the two princes, brothers +to the king and queen. The king placed before Wolfgang not only pieces +of Wagenseil, but of Bach, Abel, and Handel, all of which he performed +_prima vista_. He played upon the king's organ in such a style that +every one admired his organ even more than his harpsichord performance. +He then accompanied the queen, who sang an air, and afterwards a +flute-player in a solo. At last they gave him the bass part of one of +Handel's airs, to which he composed so beautifal a melody that all +present were lost in astonishment. In a word, what he knew in Salzburg +was a mere shadow of his present knowledge; his invention and fancy gain +strength every day." + +"A concert was lately given at Ranelagh for the benefit of a newly +erected Lying-in-Hospital. I allowed Wolfgang to play a concerto on the +organ at it. Observe--this is the way to get the love of these people." + +A large portion of Leopold Mozart's letters is occupied with masses +to be offered up for the health, &c.; and during his sojourn in the +Five-fields, Chelsea, he appears to have been in considerable hope that +he had converted a Mr. Sipruntini (a Dutch Jew, and a fine violoncello +player), to Catholicism. After dedicating a set of sonatas to the queen, +and experiencing great patronage from the nobility, Mozart, with his +father and sister, in July, 1765, crossed over into the Netherlands. +At the Hague, a fever attacked both children, and had nearly cost the +daughter her life. On their recovery, they played before the Prince of +Orange, and Wolfgang composed some variations on a national air, which +was, just then, sung, piped, and whistled throughout the streets of +Holland. The organist of the cathedral in Haerlem waited upon the +Mozarts, and invited the son to try his instrument, which he did the +next morning. Mozart senior describes the organ as a magnificent one, of +sixty-eight stops, and built wholly of metal, "as wood would not endure +the dampness of the Dutch atmosphere." Upon the return of the family to +Salzburg, Mozart enjoyed a year of quiet and uninterrupted study in the +higher walks of composition. Besides applying to the old masters, he was +indefatigable in perusing the works of Emanuel Bach, Hasse, Handel, and +Eberlin, and by the diligent performance of these authors, he acquired +extraordinary brilliancy and power in the left hand. On the 11th of +September, 1767, the whole family proceeded on their way to Vienna; but +as the small pox was raging there, they went to Ollmütz instead, where +both the children caught that disorder. At Vienna, Mozart wrote his +first opera, by desire of the emperor. Though the singers extolled their +parts to the skies, in presence of Leopold Mozart, they formed in secret +a cabal against the work, and it was never performed. The Italian +singers and composers who were established in this capital did not like +to find themselves surpassed in knowledge and skill by a boy of twelve +years old, and they therefore not only charged the composition with a +want of dramatic effect, but they even went so far as to say, that he +had not scored it himself. To counteract such calumnies, Leopold Mozart +often obliged his son to put the orchestral parts to his compositions in +the presence of spectators, which he did with wonderful celerity before +Metastasio, Hasse, the Duke of Braganza, and others. The injurious +opinion of the nobility, which these people hoped to excite against +the young musician, had no success; for he composed a Mass--an +Offertorium--and a Trumpet Concerto for a Boy--which were performed +before the whole court, and at which he himself presided and beat the +time. The year 1769 was employed by Wolfgang in studying the Italian +language, and in the practice of composition; and at this time he was +appointed concert master to the court of Salzburg. + +Father and son now made the tour of Italy, and met in every city with an +enthusiastic reception. + +In Rome, Mozart gave a miraculous attestation of his quickness of ear, +and extensive memory, by bringing away from the Sistine Chapel the +"Miserere of Allegri," a work full of imitation and repercussion, mostly +for a double choir, and continually changing in the combination and +relation of the parts. This accomplished piece of thievery was thus +performed:--the sketch was drawn out upon the first hearing, and filled +up from recollection at home--Mozart then repaired to the second and +last performance, with his manuscript in his hat, and corrected it. + +The slow voluptuous movement of the style of dancing prevalent in Italy +gave Mozart great pleasure; in the postscripts to his father's letters, +which he generally addressed to his sister and playfellow, he speaks of +this subject with as much zest as of his own art. Later in manhood he +became a pupil of Vestris, and the gracefulness of his dancing was much +admired, especially in the minuet. + +About this time Mozart's voice began to break, and he ceased to sing in +public, unless words were put before him; the violin he continued to +play, but mostly in private. The alarming illnesses which had attacked +his children on their journey kept Leopold Mozart in continual +anxiety--the malaria of Rome and the heat of Naples were alike dreaded +by him. + +The travellers arrived at Naples in May, and fortunately procured cool +and healthy lodgings. Here they visited the English Ambassador, Sir +William Hamilton, whose acquaintance they had made in London, and whose +lady was not only a very agreeable person, but a charming performer on +the harpsichord. She trembled on playing before Mozart. The concerts +given by the Mozarts in Naples were very successful, and they were +treated with great distinction; the carriages of the nobility, attended +by footmen with flambeaux, fetched them from home and carried them back; +the queen greeted them daily on the promenade, and they received +invitations to the ball given by the French Ambassador on the marriage +of the Dauphin. + +If Mozart had not been engaged to compose the carnival opera for Milan, +he might have written that for Bologna, Rome, or Naples, as at these +three cities offers were made to him, a proof of what his genius had +effected in Italy. + + * * * * * + +The epoch at which Mozart's genius was ripe may be dated from his +twentieth year; constant study and practice had given him ease in +composition, and ideas came thicker with his early manhood--the fire, +the melodiousness, the boldness of harmony, the inexhaustible invention +which characterize his works, were at this time apparent; he began to +think in a manner entirely independent, and to perform what he had +promised as a regenerator of the musical art. The situation of his +father as Kapell-meister, in Salzburg, indeed gave Mozart some +opportunities of writing church music, but not such as he most coveted, +the sacred musical services of the court being restricted to a given +duration, and the orchestra but poorly supplied with singers; it was +therefore his earnest desire to get some permanent appointment in which +he could exercise freely his talent for composition, and reckon on +a sufficient income. When childhood and boyhood had passed away, his +_quondam_ patrons ceased to wonder at, or feel interest in, his genius, +and Mozart, whose early years had been spent in familiar intercourse +with the principal nobility of Europe, who had been from court to court, +and received distinctions and caresses unparalleled in the history of +musicians, up to the period of his death gained no situation worthy +his acceptance, but earned his fame in the midst of worldly cares and +annoyances, in alternate abundance and poverty, deceived by pretended +friendship, or persecuted by open enmity. The obstacles which Mozart +surmounted in establishing the immortality of his muse, leave those +without excuse who plead other occupations and the necessity of gaining +a livelihood as an excuse for want of success in the art. Where the +creative faculty has been bestowed, it will not be repressed by +circumstances. + +In the exterior of Mozart there was nothing remarkable; he was small in +person, and had a very agreeable countenance, but it did not discover +the greatness of his genius at the first glance. His eyes were tolerably +large and well shaped, more heavy than fiery in the expression; when he +was thin they were rather prominent. His sight was always quick and +strong; he had an unsteady abstracted look, except when seated at the +piano-forte, when the whole form of his visage was changed. His hands +were small and beautiful, and he used them so softly and naturally upon +the piano-forte, that the eye was no less delighted than the ear. It was +surprising that he could grasp so much as he did in the bass. His head +was too large in proportion to his body, but his hands and feet were in +perfect symmetry, of which he was rather vain. The stunted growth of +Mozart's body may have arisen from the early efforts of his mind; not, +as some suppose, from want of exercise in childhood--for then he had +much exercise--though at a later period the want of it may have been +hurtful to him. Sophia, a sister-in-law of Mozart, who is still living, +relates: "he was always good-humoured, but very abstracted, and in +answering questions seemed always to be thinking of something else. +Even in the morning when he washed his hands, he never stood still, but +would walk up and down the room, sometimes striking one heel against the +other; at dinner he would frequently make the ends of his napkin fast, +and draw it backwards and forwards under his nose, seeming lost in +meditation, and not in the least aware of what he did." He was fond of +animals, and in his amusements delighted with any thing new; at one +time of his life with riding, at another with billiards. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Selector; +AND +LITERARY NOTICES OF +_NEW WORKS_. + + * * * * * + + +A PORTRAIT, BY MISS LANDON. + +FROM "THE VENETIAN BRACELET, AND OTHER POEMS," (JUST PUBLISHED) + + + "O No, sweet Lady, not to thee + That set and chilling tone, + By which the feelings on themselves + So utterly are thrown, + For mine has sprung upon my lips, + Impatient to express + The haunting charm of thy sweet voice + And gentlest loveliness. + A very fairy queen thou art, + Whose only spells are on the heart. + + The garden it has many a flower, + But only one for thee-- + The early graced of Grecian song, + The fragant myrtle tree; + For it doth speak of happy love, + The delicate, the true. + If its pearl buds are fair like thee, + They seem as fragile too; + Likeness, not omens; for love's power + Will watch his own most precious flower. + + Thou art not of that wilder race + Upon the mountain side, + Able alike the summer sun + And winter blast to bide; + But thou art of that gentle growth + Which asks some loving eye + To keep it in sweet guardianship, + Or it must droop and die; + Requiring equal love and care, + Even more delicate than fair. + + I cannot paint to thee the charm + Which thou hast wrought on me; + Thy laugh, so like the wild bird's song + In the first bloom-touch'd tree. + You spoke of lovely Italy, + And of its thousand flowers; + Your lips had caught the music breath + Amid its summer bow'rs. + And can it be a form like thine + Has braved the stormy Apennine? + + I'm standing now with one white rose + Where silver waters glide + I've flung that white rose on the stream-- + How light it breasts the tide! + The clear waves seem as if they loved + So beautiful a thing; + And fondly to the scented leaves + The laughing sunbeams cling. + A summer voyage--fairy freight;-- + And such, sweet Lady, be thy fate!" + + * * * * * + + +WATERLOO. + + +Three volumes of tales and sketches of considerable graphic interest, +have lately been published under the title of "_Stories of Waterloo_." +The first inquiry will naturally be whether they throw any new lights +on the ever-memorable struggle. The details of the day are vividly +sketched, and as they must be familiar to all our readers, the following +excellent general observations will be appreciated:-- + +"No situation could be more trying to the unyielding courage of the +British army than their disposition in square at Waterloo. There is an +excited feeling in an attacking body that stimulates the coldest, and +blunts the thought of danger. The tumultuous enthusiasm of the assault +spreads from man to man, and duller spirits catch a gallant frenzy +from the brave around them. But the enduring and devoted courage which +pervaded the British squares, when, hour after hour, mowed down by +a murderous artillery, and wearied by furious and frequent onsets of +lancers and cuirassiers; when the constant order--'Close up!--close up!' +marked the quick succession of slaughter that thinned their diminished +ranks; and when the day wore later, when the remnants of two, and even +three regiments were necessary to complete the square which one of them +had formed in the morning--to support this with firmness, and 'feed +death,' inactive and unmoved, exhibited that calm and desperate bravery +which elicited the admiration of Napoleon himself. + +"There was a terrible sameness in the battle of the 18th of June, which +distinguishes it in the history of modern slaughter. Although designated +by Napoleon 'a day of false manoeuvres,' in reality there was less +display of military tactics at Waterloo than in any general action we +have on record. Buonaparte's favourite plan was perseveringly followed. +To turn a wing, or separate a position, was his customary system. Both +were tried at Hougomont to turn the right, and at La Haye Sainte to +break through the left centre. Hence the French operations were confined +to fierce and incessant onsets with masses of cavalry and infantry, +generally supported by a numerous and destructive artillery. + +"Knowing that to repel these desperate and sustained attacks a +tremendous sacrifice of human life must occur, Napoleon, in defiance +of their acknowledged bravery, calculated on wearying the British into +defeat. But when he saw his columns driven back in confusion--when +his cavalry receded from the squares they could not penetrate--when +battalions were reduced to companies by the fire of his cannon, and +still that 'feeble few' showed a perfect front, and held the ground +they had originally taken, no wonder his admiration was expressed to +Soult--'How beautifully these English fight!--but they must give way!'" + +The closing scene is then described with great animation:-- + +"The irremediable disorder consequent on this decisive repulse, and the +confusion in the French rear, where Bulow had fiercely attacked them, +did not escape the eagle glance of Wellington. 'The hour is come!' he is +said to have exclaimed; and closing his telescope, commanded the whole +line to advance. The order was exultingly obeyed: forming four deep, on +came the British:--wounds, and fatigue, and hunger, were all forgotten! +With their customary steadiness they crossed the ridge; but when they +saw the French, and began to move down the hill, a cheer that seemed to +rend the heavens pealed from their proud array, and with levelled +bayonets they pressed on to meet the enemy. + +"But, panicstruck and disorganized, the French resistance was short and +feeble. The Prussian cannon thundered in their rear; the British bayonet +was flashing in their front; and, unable to stand the terror of the +charge, they broke and fled. A dreadful and indiscriminate carnage +ensued. The great road was choked with the equipage, and cumbered with +the dead and dying; while the fields, as far as the eye could reach, +were covered with a host of helpless fugitives. Courage and discipline +were forgotten, and Napoleon's army of yesterday was now a splendid +wreck--a terror-stricken multitude. His own words best describe it--'It +was a total rout!' + +"But although the French army had ceased to exist as such, and now +(to use the phrase of a Prussian officer) exhibited rather the flight +of a scattered horde of barbarians, than the retreat of a disciplined +body--never had it, in the proudest days of its glory, shown greater +devotion to its leader, or displayed more desperate and unyielding +bravery, than during the long and sanguine battle of the 18th. The +plan of Buonaparte's attack was worthy of his martial renown: it was +unsuccessful; but let this be ascribed to the true cause--the heroic and +enduring courage of the troops, and the man to whom he was opposed. +Wellington without that army, or, that army without Wellington, must +have fallen beneath the splendid efforts of Napoleon. + +"While a mean attempt has been often made to lower the military +character of that great warrior, who is now no more, those who would +libel Napoleon rob Wellington of half his glory. It may be the proud +boast of England's hero, that the subjugator of Europe fell before +him, not in the wane of his genius, but in the full possession +of those martial talents which placed him foremost in the list of +conquerors--leading that very army which had overthrown every power that +had hitherto opposed it, now perfect in its discipline, flushed with +recent success, and confident of approaching victory." + + * * * * * + + +ANNUALS FOR 1830. + + +1. _The Juvenile Forget-me-not. Edited by Mrs. S.C. Hall_. + +2. _The Amulet. By Mr. S.C. Hall_. + + +The tone and temper of these two works--to us the _first fruits_ of +"the Annuals" are excellent, as their literary execution is admirable. +The first has innumerable attractions for _the young_; its pleasantness +consists in simplicity and truth, whilst its narratives of the playful +incidents of childhood are interspersed with "good seed," and precept +and pretty illustration spring up in every page. The second work, _the +Amulet_, is calculated for maturer age, and its literary pretensions are +consequently of a more advanced order: but of these we shall speak more +at length on a future occasion. Our intention in coupling the works at +the head of this slight notice is to express our high esteem of the +taste which has dictated the scholar and the gentleman in the production +of the _Amulet_, and his ingenious lady in the "delightful task" of +writing and catering for those of tender growth, in the _Juvenile +Forget-me-not_. The association is indeed delightful, and has all the +interest of a family picture: it beams with affection and parental love, +truth, and nature; and happy, thrice happy, must be the union that is +crowned with so amiable an intercommunity of mind. + +The first few pages of the _Juvenile Forget-me-not_ are very +appropriately occupied by a playful paper by the late Mrs. Barbauld, +the sincerity and tenderness of whose Lessons and Hymns we have never +forgotten even amidst all the cares and crosses of after life. How often +and how fondly too have we lingered over their delightful pages; and +it may be questioned whether any works ever produced a better or more +lasting impression on the infantine mind--than these unassuming little +volumes. Mrs. Barbauld's present article is entitled "the Misses, +addressed to a careless girl"--as the Misses Chief, Management, Lay, +Place, Understanding, Representation, Trust, Rule, Hap, Chance, Take, +and Miss Fortune; the "latter, though she has it not in her power to +be an agreeable acquaintance, has sometimes proved a valuable friend. +The wisest philosophers have not scrupled to acknowledge themselves the +better for her company, &c." Then follow some pleasing lines to "My Son, +My Son," by Allan Cunningham, glorifying the bounty of Providence, +"A Tale of a Triangle," by Mary Howitt, is a pretty school sketch. Next +are some lines by James Montgomery, on Birds--as the Swallow, Skylark, +&c. in all, numbering forty-five. "The Muscle," by Dr. Walsh, consists +of half-a-dozen conversational pages, illustrating its natural history +in a very pleasing style, which is really worth the attention of many +who attempt to simplify science. Next Miss Mitford has a true story of +"Two Dolls," and the author of Selwyn a pretty little story, entitled +"Prison Roses;" Miss Jewsbury, "Aunt Kate and the Review;" and Mr. S.C. +Hall a sketch of a "Blind Sailor"--both of which are very pleasing. +"A Child's Prayer," by the Ettrick Shepherd, is a sweet and simple hymn +of praise. "The Royal Sufferer," by Mrs. Hofland, follows, and gives +the misfortunes of Prince Arthur in an interesting historiette.--We +have only room to enumerate "The Birth-day," a sketch from Nature, by +Mrs. Opie; an extremely well-drawn Irish sketch, by Mrs. S.C. Hall; and +"The Shipwrecked Boy," a tale, by the author of Letters from the East. + +The Engravings, twelve in number, are, for the most part, excellent. +The Frontispiece--two lovely children--is exquisitely engraved by +J. Thomson, as is also "Heart's Ease," by the same artist: the last, +especially, is of great delicacy. "Holiday Time," from Richter, is +well chosen for this delightful little work. + +Altogether, we congratulate the fair Editoress on the very pleasing, +attractive, and useful character of her volume for the coming season; +and as that for the previous year did not reach us early enough for +special notice at the time of publication, we are happy to make the +_amende_, by placing the _Juvenile Forget-me-not_ first on our list +of Annuals for 1830. + + * * * * * + + +BURMESE BOAT-RACES. + + +As the waters of the Irawadi begin to fall, a yearly festival of three +days is held, consisting chiefly of boat-racing. It is called the +Water-festival, of which we have the following account in Crawfurd's +_Embassy to Ava_:-- + +"According to promise, a gilt boat and six common war-boats were sent to +convey us to the place where these races were exhibited, which was on +the Irawadi, before the palace. We reached it at eleven o'clock. The +Kyi-wun, accompanied by a palace secretary, received us in a large and +commodious covered boat, anchored, to accommodate us, in the middle of +the river. The escort and our servants were very comfortably provided +for in other covered boats. The king and queen had already arrived, and +were in a large barge at the east bank of the river. This vessel, the +form of which represented two huge fishes, was extremely splendid; every +part of it was richly gilt; and a spire of at least thirty feet high, +resembling in miniature that of the palace, rose in the middle. The king +and queen sat under a green canopy at the bow of the vessel, which, +according to Burman notions, is the place of honour; indeed, the only +part ever occupied by persons of rank. The situation of their majesties +could be distinguished by the white umbrellas, which are the appropriate +marks of royalty. The king, whose habits are volatile and restless, +often walked up and down, and was easily known from the crowd of his +courtiers by his being the only person in an erect position; the +multitude sitting, crouching, or crawling all round him. Near the king's +barge were a number of gold boats; and the side of the river, in this +quarter, was lined with those of the nobility, decked with gay banners, +each having its little band of music, and some dancers exhibiting +occasionally on their benches. Shortly after our arrival, nine gilt, +war-boats were ordered to manoeuvre before us. The Burmans nowhere +appear to so much advantage as in their boats, the management of which +is evidently a favourite occupation. The boats themselves are extremely +neat, and the rowers expert, cheerful, and animated. In rowing, they +almost always sing; and their airs are not destitute of melody. The +burthen of the song, upon the present occasion, was literally translated +by Dr. Price, and was as follows:--"The golden glory shines forth like +the round sun; the royal kingdom, the country and its affairs, are the +most pleasant." If this verse be in unison with the feelings of the +people, (and I have no doubt it is,) they are, at least, satisfied +with their own condition, whatever it may appear to others." + +Boat-racing, taming wild elephants, and boxing-matches, are said to be +the chief amusements of the king and the people. Mr. Crawfurd saw all +these, and he tells us that in the last of them the populace formed a +ring with as much regularity as if they had been true-born Englishmen, +and preserved it with much greater regularity than is usually witnessed +here--thanks to the assistance of the constables with their long staves. +While these official persons were duly exercising their authority, the +same good-natured monarch, who roasted his prime minister in the sun, +frequently called out, "Don't hurt them--don't prevent them from +looking on." + + * * * * * + + +OPIUM EATING. + + +Mr. Madden, in his recent _Travels in Turkey_, having determined to +experience the effects of that pestilent practice of eating opium, +which is so common in Turkey, he repaired to the market of Theriaki +Tchachissy, where he seated himself among the persons who were in the +habit of resorting thither for the purpose of enjoying (?) this fatal +pleasure. His description of those victims to sensuality is very +striking, and is enough to cure any man of common sense of wishing +to become an opium eater. + +"Their gestures were frightful; those who were completely under the +influence of the opium talked incoherently, their features were flushed, +their eyes had an unnatural brilliancy, and the general expression of +their countenances was horribly wild. The effect is usually produced in +two hours, and lasts four or five; the dose varies from three grains +to a drachm. I saw one old man take four pills, of six grains each, +in the course of two hours; I was told he had been using opium for +five-and-twenty years; but this is a very rare example of an opium eater +passing thirty years of age, if he commence the practice early. The +debility, both moral and physical, attendant on its excitement, is +terrible; the appetite is soon destroyed, every fibre in the body +trembles, the nerves of the neck become affected, and the muscles get +rigid; several of these I have seen, in this place, at various times, +who had wry necks and contracted fingers; but still they cannot abandon +the custom; they are miserable till the hour arrives for taking their +daily dose; and when its delightful influence begins, they are all +fire and animation. Some of them compose excellent verses, and others +addressed the bystanders in the most eloquent discourses, imagining +themselves to be emperors, and to have all the harems in the world at +their command. I commenced with one grain; in the course of an hour and +a half it produced no perceptible effect, the coffee-house keeper was +very anxious to give me an additional pill of two grains, but I was +contented with half a one; and another half hour, feeling nothing of the +expected reverie, I took half a grain more, making in all two grains in +the course of two hours. After two hours and a half from the first dose, +I took two grains more; and shortly after this dose, my spirits became +sensibly excited; the pleasure of the sensation seemed to depend on a +universal expansion of mind and matter. My faculties appeared enlarged; +every thing I looked on seemed increased in volume; I had no longer the +same pleasure when I closed my eyes which I had when they were open; it +appeared to me as if it was only external objects, which were acted on +by the imagination, and magnified into images of pleasure; in short, it +was 'the faint exquisite music of a dream' in a waking moment. I made my +way home as fast as possible, dreading, at every step, that I should +commit some extravagance. In walking, I was hardly sensible of my feet +touching the ground, it seemed as if I slid along the street, impelled +by some invisible agent, and that my blood was composed of some ethereal +fluid, which rendered my body lighter than air. I got to bed the moment +I reached home. The most extraordinary visions of delight filled my +brain all night. In the morning I rose, pale and dispirited; my head +ached; my body was so debilitated that I was obliged to remain on the +sofa all the day, dearly paying for my first essay at opium eating." + + * * * * * + + + + +Old Poets. + + * * * * * + + +FRIENDSHIP. + + + I had a friend that lov'd me; + I was his soul; he liv'd not but in me; + We were so close within each other's breast, + The rivets were not found that join'd us first. + That does not reach us yet; we were so mix'd, + As meeting streams, both to ourselves were lost. + We were one mass, we could not give or take, + But from the same: for He was I; I He; + Return my better half, and give me all myself, + For thou art all! + If I have any joy when thou art absent, + I grudge it to myself; methinks I rob + Thee of thy part. + +DRYDEN. + + * * * * * + + +MARRIAGE. + + + As good and wise; so she be fit for me, + That is, to will, and not to will the same; + My wife is my adopted self, and she + As me, to what I love, to love must frame. + And when by marriage both in one concur, + Woman converts to man, not man to her. + +SIR T. OVERBURY. + + * * * * * + + + What do you think of marriage? + I take't, as those that deny purgatory; + It locally contains or heaven or hell; + There's no third place in it. + +WEBSTER. + + * * * * * + + +GENTILITY. + + + Nor stand so much on your gentility, + Which is an airy, and mere borrow'd thing, + From dead men's dust and bones; and none of yours, + Except you make, or hold it. + +BEN JONSON. + + * * * * * + + +HEAVEN. + + + Heav'n is a great way off, and I shall be + Ten thousand years in travel, yet 'twere happy + If I may find a lodging there at last, + Though my poor soul get thither upon crutches. + +SHIRLEY. + + * * * * * + + +COURT FAVOUR. + + + Dazzled with the height of place, + While our hopes our wits beguile, + No man marks the narrow space + Between a prison and a smile. + Then since fortune's favours fade, + You that in her arms do sleep, + Learn to swim and not to wade, + For the hearts of kings are deep. + But if greatness be so blind, + As to trust in tow'rs of air, + Let it be with goodness joyn'd, + That at least the fall be fair. + +LORD BACON. + + * * * * * + + +HONESTY. + + + An honest soul is like a ship at sea, + That sleeps at anchor upon the occasion's calm; + But when it rages, and the wind blows high, + She cuts her way with skill and majesty. + +BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. + + * * * * * + + +SOLITUDE. + + + O sweet woods, the delight of solitariness! + O how much do I like your solitariness! + Here nor reason is hid, vailed in innocence, + Nor envy's snaky eye, finds any harbour here. + Nor flatterer's venomous insinuations. + Nor coming humourist's puddled opinions, + Nor courteous ruin of proffer'd usury, + Nor time prattled away, cradle of ignorance, + Nor causeless duty, nor cumber of arrogance, + Nor trifling titles of vanity dazzleth us, + Nor golden manacles stand for a paradise. + Here wrong's name is unheard; slander a monster is, + Keep thy sprite from abuse, here no abuse doth haunt, + What man grafts in a tree dissimulation. + +SIR P. SIDNEY'S _Arcadia_. + + * * * * * + + +DISCIPLINE. + + + Each state must have its policies: + Kingdoms have edicts, cities have their charters. + Ev'n the wild outlaw, in his forest walk, + Keeps yet some touch of civil discipline. + For not since Adam wore his verdant apron, + Hath man with man in social union dwelt, + But laws were made to draw that union closer. + +OLD PLAY. + + * * * * * + + + + +The Gatherer. + +A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. + +SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +FASHIONABLE ODDITIES. + + +Lady Morgan, in her _Book of the Boudoir_, says, "The late Marquess of +Londonderry was a _liveable_, cheerful, _give-and-take person_." Again, +"_Vitality_, or _all-a-live-ness_, energy, and activity, are the great +elements of what we call talent;" which occasions a critic to observe, +"What a prodigious quantity of this "all-a-liveness" her ladyship must +have in her composition." + + * * * * * + + +What burns to keep a secret?--_Sealing Wax_. + +When is wine like a pig's tusk?--When it is in a hogs head. + +C.J.T. + + * * * * * + + +The young Duke of Rutland, when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, in a drunken +frolic knighted the landlord of an inn in a country town. Being told the +next morning what he had done, the duke sent for _mine host_, and begged +of him to consider the ceremonial as merely a drunken frolic. "For my +own part, my lord duke, I should readily comply with your excellency's +wish; but Lady O'Shannessy!" + + * * * * * + + +EPITAPH ON MARSHAL SAXE. + +N.B. The figures are to be pronounced in French, as _un, deux, +trois_, &c. + + + Ses vertus le feront admiré de chac 1 + Il avait des Rivaux, mais il triompha 2 + Les Batailles qu' il gagna sont au nombre de 3 + Pour Louis son grand coeur se serait mis en 4 + En amour, c'était peu pour lui d'aller à 5 + Nous l'aurions s'il n'eut fait que le berger Tir[3] 6 + Pour avoir trop souvent passé douze, "Hic-ja" 7 + Il a cessé de vivre en Decembre 8 + Strasbourg contient son corps dans un Tombeau tout 9 + Pour tant de "Te Deum" pas un "De profun"[4] 10 + -- + He died at the age of 55 + + + [3] Tircis, the name of a celebrated Arcadian shepherd. + + [4] A great personage of the day remarked, that it was a pity + after the marshal had by his victories been the cause of so many + "Te Deums" that it would not be allowed (the marshal dying in the + Lutheran faith) to chant _one_ "de profundis" over his remains. + + * * * * * + + +ROUGE. + + +A lady consulted St. Francis of Sales on the lawfulness of using rouge. +"Why," says he, "some pious men object to it; others see no harm in it; +I will hold a middle course, and allow you to use it on _one_ cheek." + + * * * * * + + +A PARLIAMENTARY JOKE. + + +The prevailing fashion of certain orators interlarding their speeches +with frequent classical quotations, reminds us of a piece of mischievous +waggery perpetrated by one of the greatest men of his time. Sheridan +once electrified the country gentlemen in the House of Commons, by +concluding an animated appeal to their patriotism, with a quotation +from Herodotus, which they cheered most vociferously; when, in fact, +he merely strung together a jumble of words, a jargon uttered on the +instant, which sounded very much _like_ Greek. Pitt, it is said, was +in a convulsion of laughter all the time. + + * * * * * + + +THOUGHTS ON THE TIMES. + + +There is not a word of news stirring. Yesterday's papers may serve for +to-day's, and Sunday's for all the week. There is, as it were, a syncope +in all things; nothing is doing; art, science, and business, are alike +at a stand-still. The stage, the press, the easel, the loom, the rudder +of the merchantman, and the helm of the state, all are alike in a most +extraordinary negative condition. The world is in a catalepsy. It hears +and sees, but it can do nothing.--_Blackwood_. + + * * * * * + + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE +_Following Novels is already Published:_ + + g. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 5 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + * * * * * + +_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand, (near Somerset House,) +London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all +Newsmen and Booksellers_. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 395 *** + +***** This file should be named 11222-8.txt or 11222-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/2/2/11222/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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