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<pre>
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Highroads of Geography, by Anonymous
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with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
Title: Highroads of Geography
Author: Anonymous
Release Date: February 21, 2004 [EBook #11218]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HIGHROADS OF GEOGRAPHY ***
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<hr class="title">
<h2><i>THE ROYAL SCHOOL SERIES</i></h2>
<h1>Highroads of Geography</h1>
<h4 class="illus">Illustrated by Masterpieces of the following
artists:—</h4>
<h4 class="illus">J. M. W. Turner, F. Goodall, E. A.
Hornel,</h4>
<h4 class="illus">Talbot Kelly, W. Simpson, Edgar H.</h4>
<h4 class="illus">Fisher, J. F. Lewis, T. H.</h4>
<h4 class="illus">Liddell, Cyrus Cuneo,</h4>
<h4 class="illus">&c.</h4>
<center>
<div class="figure2c">
<img src="illustrations/FigF-1.png"
width="35"
height="59"
alt="">
</div>
</center><br>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;">Introductory Book—</h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0;">Round the World with Father</h2>
<h4>1916</h4><a name="PhotoF-1"></a> <br>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/PhotoF-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="422"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">That's where Daddy is!<br>
(<i>From the painting by J. Snowman.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center>
<hr class="chapter">
<a name="CONTENTS"></a>
<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
<div style="margin-left: 15%;">
<ol>
<li><a href="#c1">Good-bye to Father</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c2">A Letter from France</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c3">In Paris</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c4">On the Way to Egypt</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c5">A Letter from Egypt</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c6">Children of Egypt</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c7">Through the Canal</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c8">Amongst the Arabs.—I.</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c9">Amongst the
Arabs.—II.</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c10">A Letter from India</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c11">In the Streets</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c12">Our Indian Cousin</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c13">In the Garden</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c14">Indian Boys and Girls</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c15">Elephants and Tigers</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c16">A Letter from
Burma.—I.</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c17">A Letter from
Burma.—II.</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c18">A Letter from Ceylon</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c19">A Letter from China</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c20">Chinese Boys and Girls</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c21">Hair, Fingers, and Toes</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c22">A Letter from Japan</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c23">Jap Children</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c24">A Letter from Canada</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c25">Children of Canada</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c26">The Red Men</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c27">The Eskimos</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c28">Father's Last Letter</a>,</li>
<li><a href="#c29">Home Again</a>,</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Exercises">EXERCISES</a>,</li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr class="chapter">
<a name="INTRODUCTORY_BOOK"></a>
<h2>INTRODUCTORY BOOK.</h2><a name="c1"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L1">1. GOOD-BYE TO FATHER.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig01-1ed.png"
width="400"
height="325"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Father kissed us and said, "Good-bye, dears. Be good
children, and help mother as much as you can. The year will
soon pass away. What a merry time we will have when I come back
again!"</p>
<p>2. Father kissed mother, and then stepped into the train.
The guard blew his whistle, and the train began to move. We
waved good-bye until it was out of sight.</p>
<p>3. Then we all began to cry—even Tom, who thinks
himself such a man. It was <i>so</i> lonely without father.</p>
<p>4. Tom was the first to dry his eyes. He turned to me and
said, "Stop that crying. You are the eldest, and you ought to
know better."</p>
<p>5. He made mother take his arm, just as father used to do.
Then he began to whistle, to show that he did not care a bit.
All the way home he tried to make jokes.</p>
<p>6. As soon as we had taken off our coats and hats, Tom
called us into the sitting-room. "Look here," he said: "we're
going to have no glum faces in this house. We must be bright
and cheerful, or mother will fret. You know father wouldn't
like that."</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig01-2ed.png"
width="400"
height="281"
alt="">
</div>
<p>7. We said that we would do our best. So off we went to help
mother to make the beds and to dust the rooms. While we were
doing this we quite forgot to be sad.</p>
<p>8. After tea we went into father's room and looked at the
globe. "I'm going to follow father right round the world," said
Tom. "Please show me which way he is going." Mother did so.</p>
<p>9. "By this time next week," she said, "we shall have the
first of many long letters from father. I am sure we shall
enjoy reading them. He will tell us about the far-off lands
which he is going to see."</p>
<p>10. "That will be grand," I said. "I hope he will tell us
<i>lots</i> about the children. I want to know what they look
like, what they wear, and what games they play."</p>
<p>11. Tom said he would rather not hear about children. He
wanted to hear about savages and tigers and shipwrecks, and
things like that.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig01-3ed.png"
width="250"
height="416"
alt="">
</div>
<p>12. A week later the postman brought us father's first
letter. How eager we were to hear it! Mother had to read it for
us two or three times.</p>
<p>13. Every week for many weeks the postman brought us letters
from father. When he handed us a letter he used to say, "I'm
glad to see that your daddy is all right so far."</p>
<p>14. This book is made up of father's letters from abroad. I
hope you will enjoy them as much as we did.</p><a name=
"c2"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L2">2. A LETTER FROM FRANCE.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I am writing this letter in a
large seaport of the south of France. To-morrow I shall go on
board the big ship which is to take me to
Egypt.</p><a name="c2p2"></a>
<p class="pic1">2. Let me tell you about my travels so far. The
train in which I left our town took me to London. Next day
another train took me to a small town on the
seashore.</p><a name="Photo02-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo02-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="393"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">The White Cliffs of Dover.<br>
(<i>From the picture by J.M.W. Turner, R.A.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>3. About twenty miles of sea lie between this town and
France. At once I went on board the small steamer which was to
take me across. The sea was smooth and the sun was shining.</p>
<p>4. I stood on the deck looking at the white cliffs of dear
old England. When I could see them no longer I found that we
were not far from France.</p>
<p>5. In about an hour we reached a French town which in olden
days belonged to us. The steamer sailed right up to the railway
station.</p>
<p>6. I had something to eat, and then took my place in the
train. Soon we were speeding towards Paris, the chief town of
France.</p>
<p>7. I looked out of the window most of the time. We ran
through many meadows and cornfields. Here and there I saw rows
of poplar trees between the fields.</p>
<p>8. Now and then we crossed rivers with barges on them. On
and on we went, past farmhouses and little villages, each with
its church. The French villages look brighter than ours. I
think this is because the houses are painted in gay
colours.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig02-1ed.png"
width="400"
height="277"
alt="">
</div>
<p>9. I saw many men, women, and children working in the
fields. All of them wore wooden shoes. Most of the men and boys
were dressed in blue blouses.</p>
<p>10. There was a little French boy in my carriage. He wore a
black blouse with a belt. His stockings were short, and did not
come up to his knickerbockers. He was rather pale, and his legs
were very thin.</p>
<p>11. The boy was about Tom's age. He sat still, and held his
father's hand all the way. I don't think Tom would have done
this; he thinks himself too much of a man.</p>
<p>12. After a time we crossed a broad river, and came to the
dull, dark station of a large city. As we left it, I saw the
tall spire of one of the grandest churches in all the
world.</p>
<p>13. On we went, past farms and villages and small towns,
until at last we reached Paris.</p><a name="c3"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L3">3. IN
PARIS.</a></h2><a name="Photo03-1"></a>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style=
"width: 640px; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo03-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="437"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">In the Gardens.<br>
(<i>From the picture by Cyrus Cuneo, R.I.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center><br clear="all">
<p>1. Paris is a very grand and beautiful city. The French
people say that France is a great garden. They also say that
the finest flowers in this garden make up the nosegay which we
call Paris.</p>
<p>2. A great river runs through Paris. All day long you can
see little steamboats darting to and fro on the river, like
swallows. Near to the river are some beautiful gardens.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig03-1ed.png"
width="450"
height="256"
alt="">
</div>
<p>3. I sat in these gardens, at a little table under the
trees. As I sat there a man walked up the path. At once I heard
a great chirping and a flutter of wings.</p>
<p>4. All the birds in the garden flocked to him. They seemed
to know him as an old friend. Some perched on his shoulders and
some on his hat. One bold little fellow tried to get into his
pocket. It was a pretty sight to see him feeding the birds.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig03-2ed.png"
width="250"
height="358"
alt="">
</div>
<p>5. In the gardens there were many nurses carrying babies.
These nurses were very gay indeed. They wore gray cloaks and
white caps, with broad silk ribbons hanging down their
backs.</p>
<p>6. Some of the older children were playing ball, but they
did not play very well. Until a few years ago French boys had
few outdoor games. Now they are learning to play tennis and
football.</p>
<p>7. French boys are always clean and neatly dressed, however
poor they may be. They think more about lessons than our boys
do. Their school hours are much longer than ours.</p>
<p>8. French girls have not so much freedom as our girls. A
grown-up person takes them to school and brings them home
again. Their mothers do not allow them to go for walks by
themselves. I wonder how Kate and May would like this.</p>
<p>9. Some day I must take you to see Paris. You would love to
ramble through its streets. Many of them are planted with
trees. Under these trees you may see men and women sitting at
little tables. They eat and drink while a band plays merry
tunes.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig03-3ed.png"
width="275"
height="239"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. You would be sure to notice that the French people have
very good manners. When a Frenchman enters or leaves a shop he
raises his hat and bows. A Frenchman is always polite, and he
always tries to please you.</p>
<p>11. I cannot now write anything more about Paris. I should
like to tell you about its beautiful buildings and its fine
shops, but I have no more time to spare.</p>
<p>12. I hope you are all doing your best to make mother happy.
I am very well; I hope you are well too.—Your loving
FATHER.</p><a name="c4"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L4">4. ON THE WAY TO EGYPT.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I am writing this letter on board
the big ship which is taking me to Egypt. Let me tell you what
I have seen and done since I left Paris.</p>
<p>2. It is a long day's ride from Paris to the seaport from
which my ship set sail. Let me tell you about the journey. A
few hours after leaving Paris the train began to run through
vineyards.</p>
<p class="pic1">3. At this time of the year a vineyard is a
pretty sight. The broad leaves of the vine are tinted with
crimson and gold. Beneath them are the purple or golden
grapes.</p><a name="Photo04-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo04-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="384"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">THE GRAPE HARVEST.<br>
(<i>From the picture by P.M. Dupuy in the Salon of 1909.
Bought by the State.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>4. As I passed through France the grapes were ripe, and were
being gathered. I could see women and children going up and
down between the rows of vines. They plucked the ripe fruit and
put it into baskets. When the baskets were filled they were
emptied into a big tub.</p>
<p>5. When the tub was filled it was taken to a building near
at hand. In this building there is a press which squeezes the
juice out of the grapes. The grape juice is then made into
wine.</p>
<p>6. As evening drew on we came to a large town where two big
rivers meet. It is a busy town, and has many smoky chimneys.
Much silk and velvet are made in this town.</p>
<p>7. I think you know that silk is made by the silkworm. This
worm feeds on the leaves of the mulberry tree. In the south of
France there are thousands of mulberry trees. There are also
many orange and olive trees.</p>
<p>8. The weather is much warmer in the south of France than it
is in England. In the early spring all sorts of pretty flowers
are grown on the hillsides. They are sent to England, and are
sold in the shops when our gardens are bare.</p>
<p class="pic">9. Now I must hurry on. For some hours we ran by
the side of a swift river; with mountains on both sides of us.
Then we reached the big seaport, and there I found my ship
waiting for me.</p><a name="Photo04-2"></a>
<div class="figure1r"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo04-2.jpg"
width="600"
height="377"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">GAMES ON BOARD FATHER'S SHIP.<br>
(<i>From the picture by W.L. Wylie. By kind permission of
the P. and O. Co.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>10. It is a huge ship, with hundreds of cabins, a large
dining-room, drawing-room and smoking-room. It is really a
floating hotel.</p>
<p>11. Most of the people on board are going to India. All day
long they sit in chairs on the deck reading. Some of us play
games, and at night we have dances and concerts.</p>
<p>12. We have now been four days at sea. To-morrow we shall
reach a town by the side of a great canal. This town and canal
are in Egypt.</p>
<p>13. I hope you are still good and happy.—Best love to
you all. FATHER.</p><a name="c5"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L5">5. A LETTER FROM
EGYPT.</a></h2><a name="Photo05-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px; margin-top: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo05-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="301"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">The Nile in Flood.<br>
(<i>From the picture by F. Goodall, R. A., in the
Guildhall Gallery. By permission of the Corporation of
London.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—With this letter I am sending you
a beautiful picture. Look at it carefully, and you will see
what Egypt is like.</p>
<p>2. The water which you see in the picture is part of the
great river Nile. If there were no Nile to water the land,
Egypt would be nothing but a desert.</p>
<p>3. Once a year, as a rule, the Nile rises and overflows its
banks. The waters spread out over the country and cover it with
rich mud. In this mud much cotton, sugar, grain, and rice are
grown.</p>
<p>4. Egypt now belongs to the British. They have turned part
of the Nile into a huge lake, in which the water is stored.</p>
<p>5. The water is let out of the lake when it is needed. It
runs into canals, and then into drains, which cross the fields
and water them.</p>
<p>6. A sail along the Nile is very pleasant. There are lovely
tints of green on the water. As the boat glides on, many
villages are passed. Each of these has its snow-white
temple.</p>
<p class="pic">7. All along the river bank there are palm
trees. They wave their crowns of green leaves high in the air.
The fields are gay with colour. Above all is the bright blue
sky.</p><a name="Photo05-2"></a>
<div class="figure1r"
style="width: 449px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo05-2.jpg"
width="409"
height="600"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">The Chief City of Egypt.<br>
(<i>From the picture by Talbot Kelly, R.I.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>8. Look at the picture again. At a short distance from the
water you see a village. It has a wall round it, and outside
the wall is a ditch. In October the ditch is full of water; in
spring it is dry.</p>
<p>9. In and near this ditch the children and the dogs of the
villages play together. You can see two boys in the picture.
One of them is standing by his mother. The other boy is riding
on a buffalo.</p>
<p>10. In the middle of the village there is an open space.
Sometimes this space is covered with bright green grass. Round
it are rows of palm trees. The house of the chief stands on one
side of this green.</p>
<p>11. Every village has its well, and every well has its
water-wheel for drawing up the water. By the side of the well
the old men of the village sit smoking and chatting. The women
come to the well to fill their pitchers with water.</p>
<p class="pic">12. All the houses are built of Nile mud. This
mud is dug out of the banks of the river. It is mixed with a
little chopped straw to hold it together. Then it is put into
moulds. After a time it is turned out of the moulds, and is
left to dry in the sun.</p><a name="c6"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L6">6. CHILDREN OF EGYPT.</a></h2>
<p>1. In the picture you see two of the women of Egypt. One of
them is standing at the edge of the river. She is filling her
pitcher with water. The other woman is carrying a lamb in her
arms.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig06-1ed.png"
width="200"
height="428"
alt="">
</div>
<p>2. The people of Egypt have changed but little since the
days of Moses. The men have brown faces, white teeth, and
bright black eyes. Most of them wear beards and shave their
heads.</p>
<p>3. The women wear long dark cloaks. If they are well-to-do
they cover their faces with a veil. They think it wrong to let
their faces be seen by any men except their husbands.</p>
<p>4. I think Kate would like to hear something about the
children. Those who have rich fathers wear beautiful clothes,
and have a very happy time. Poor children wear few clothes, and
are nearly always covered with dust.</p>
<p>5. Many of the boys go to school, and are taught just as you
are. They read the same kind of books that you read.</p>
<p>6. The children of Egypt always obey their parents, and are
never rude to them. I think they have very good manners.</p>
<p>7. All the people of Egypt love singing. Their voices are
soft and sweet. The boatmen on the Nile sing as they row. The
fruit-sellers sing as they cry their wares in the streets.</p>
<p>8. Many of the boys in the chief city of Egypt are donkey
drivers. In Egypt donkeys are far more used for riding than
horses. The donkeys are beautiful little animals, and they trot
along very quickly.</p>
<p>9. Each donkey has a boy to run after it with a stick, and
to shout at it to make it go. The donkey boys are very jolly
little fellows. They always smile, however far they have to
run.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig06-2ed.png"
width="350"
height="327"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. Most donkey boys wear a white or blue gown, and have a
red cap, or fez, on the head. If a donkey boy sees an
Englishman coming, he runs to him and says, "My donkey is
called John Bull." If he sees an American coming, he says that
his donkey's name is Yankee Doodle.</p>
<p>11. Sometimes the donkey boy will ask the rider,—</p>
<p>"Very good donkey?"</p>
<p>If the rider says "Yes," he will then ask,—</p>
<p>"Very good donkey boy?"</p>
<p>"Yes."</p>
<p>12. "Very good saddle too?"</p>
<p>"Yes."</p>
<p>"<i>Then me have very good present!</i>"</p>
<p>13. Now let me tell you something that will surprise you.
The people of Egypt in the old, old days thought that their
cats were gods.</p>
<p class="pic">14. They prayed to them and built temples to
them. When the family cat died, all the people in the house
shaved their eyebrows to show how sorry they were.—Best
love to you all. FATHER.</p><a name="c7"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L7">7. THROUGH THE CANAL.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I have just sailed through a very
wonderful canal. It joins two great seas together, and is now
part of the way to India.</p>
<p>2. By means of this canal we can sail from England to India
in three weeks. Before it was made the voyage took three months
or more.</p>
<p>3. The canal was made more than forty years ago by a
Frenchman. He dug a great ditch, and joined together a number
of lakes. By doing so he made a waterway from sea to sea. This
waterway is about a hundred miles long.</p>
<p>4. I joined my ship at the town which stands at the north
end of the canal. There is nothing to see in the town except
the lighthouse and the shops. On the sea wall there is a statue
of the Frenchman who made the canal.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig07-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="466"
alt="">
</div>
<p>5. As we lay off the town we could see many little boats
darting to and fro. The boatmen were dressed in all the colours
of the rainbow—red, blue, green, and orange. In one boat
there were men and women playing and singing songs.</p>
<p>6. By the side of our ship men were swimming in the water. I
threw a piece of silver into the water. One of the men dived,
and caught it before it reached the bottom.</p>
<p>7. On the other side of the ship there were great barges
full of coal. Hundreds of men and women carried this coal to
the ship in little baskets upon their heads. They walked up and
down a plank, and all the time they made an awful noise which
they called singing.</p>
<p>8. When all the coal was on board, the ship began to steam
slowly along the narrow canal. No ship is allowed to sail more
than four miles an hour, lest the "wash" should break down the
banks.</p>
<p>9. Soon we passed out of the narrow canal into one of the
lakes. Our road was marked by buoys. Away to right and to left
of us stretched the sandy desert.</p>
<p>10. In the afternoon we passed a station, where I saw a
number of camels laden with boxes of goods. They were going to
travel across the sands for many days.</p>
<p>11. The sun went down in a sky of purple and gold. Then a
large electric light shone forth from our bows. It threw a
broad band of white light on the water and on the banks of the
canal. Where the light touched the sands it seemed to turn them
into silver.</p>
<p class="pic">12. In less than twenty-four hours we reached
the town at the south end of the canal. A boat came out from
the shore, and this letter is going back with it.—Love to
you all. FATHER.</p><a name="c8"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L8">8. AMONGST THE
ARABS.—I.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig08-1ed.png"
width="350"
height="421"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I am now sailing along the Red
Sea. The weather is very hot. All over the ship electric fans
are hard at work. In spite of them I cannot keep cool.</p>
<p>2. Away on the left, or port, side of the ship I see high
hills. They are red in colour, and seem to be baked by the hot
sun. Even through my spy-glass I cannot see a speck of green on
them. All is red and bare.</p>
<p>3. Beyond the hills lies the land of Arabia. It is a hot,
dry land, in which years sometimes pass without a shower of
rain. There is hardly ever a cloud in the sky, and there is no
dew at night.</p>
<p>4. Much of the land is covered with sand. Little or nothing
will grow. You know that we call a sandy waste of this kind a
<i>desert</i>.</p>
<p>5. Here and there in the desert a few springs are found. The
water of these springs causes grass and trees to grow well.
Around each spring is what looks like an island of green in the
midst of a red sea of sand. A green spot in a desert is called
an <i>oasis</i>.</p>
<p>6. The Arabs live upon these green spots. Some of them dwell
in villages, and some wander from oasis to oasis. Those who
live in villages build their houses of sun-dried bricks; those
who wander from place to place live in tents.</p>
<p>7. The Arabs are fine, fierce-looking men. They own flocks
of sheep, herds of goats, camels and horses.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig08-2ed.png"
width="450"
height="319"
alt="">
</div>
<p>8. An Arab's tent is woven out of camel's hair. So are the
ropes of the tent. The poles are made of palm wood.</p>
<p>9. Inside the tent there are leather buckets for drawing
water. There are also skin bags for carrying it across the
desert. There are no chairs or tables or beds in the tents. The
Arabs squat upon the ground and sleep on rugs.</p>
<p>10. In front of an Arab tent you are almost sure to see a
woman grinding corn between two large stones. There is a hole
in the top stone, and into this she pours the grain.</p>
<p>11. She turns the top stone round and round, and the grain
is ground into flour, which oozes out at the edges. With this
flour she makes cakes.</p><br clear="all">
<a name="Photo08-1"></a>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 440px; margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo08-1.jpg"
width="400"
height="611"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">Arabs of the Desert.</p>
</div>
</center><a name="c9"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L9">9. AMONGST THE
ARABS.—II.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig09-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="398"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Date palms grow on every oasis. The date palm is a
beautiful tree. It is very tall, and has a crown of leaves at
the top.</p>
<p>2. The fruit grows in great golden clusters. Sometimes a
cluster of dates weighs twenty-five pounds.</p>
<p>3. The date palm is beloved by the Arabs, because it is so
useful to them. They eat or sell the dates, and they use the
wood for their tents or houses. From the sap they make wine.
Out of the leaf-stalks they weave baskets.</p>
<p>4. Some of the Arabs are traders. They carry their goods
from oasis to oasis on the backs of camels. A large number of
laden camels form a caravan.</p>
<p>5. A camel is not pretty to look at, but the Arab could not
do without it. I think you can easily understand why the camel
is called the "ship of the desert." It carries its master or
its load across the sea of sand from one green island to
another.</p>
<p>6. The hoofs of the camel are broad, and this prevents them
from sinking into the sand. The camel can go for a long time
without food or water.</p>
<p class="pic">7. The camel is very useful to the Arab, both
when it is alive and when it is dead. It gives him milk to
drink, and its hair is useful for making clothes, tents, and
ropes.</p>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo09-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="426"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">The Halt in the Desert.<br>
(<i>From the picture by J.F. Lewis, R.A., in the South
Kensington Museum.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>8. I think I told you that when I was sailing along the
canal I saw a caravan. It was then beginning to cross the
desert. Very likely, weeks or months will pass away before its
journey comes to an end.</p>
<p>9. There are no roads across the desert, so it is very easy
for a caravan to lose its way. Then the men and camels wander
on until all their food and water are finished. At last they
fall to the ground, and die of hunger and thirst.</p>
<p>10. Dreadful sand-storms often arise. The storm beats down
upon the caravan, and sometimes chokes both men and camels. A
journey across the desert is full of dangers.</p>
<p>11. Before I close this letter, let me tell you a little
story. One day an Arab belonging to a caravan overslept himself
at an oasis. When he awoke, the caravan had started on its
journey again, and was many miles away.</p>
<p>12. The Arab followed the caravan, in the hope of catching
it up. On and on he walked, but nothing could he see of it.
Then darkness came on, and he lay on the sand and slept until
morning.</p>
<p>13. When the sun rose he began his journey again. Hours
passed, but still there was no sign of the caravan. At last he
was quite overcome by hunger and thirst. He fell to the ground,
and was too weak to rise again.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig09-2ed.png"
width="300"
height="275"
alt="">
</div>
<p>14. Looking around, he saw something black lying on the
sand, not far away. He crawled to it, and found that it was a
small bag which had fallen from the back of a camel.</p>
<p>15. The poor Arab was filled with joy. He hoped that the bag
would contain food of some sort. With trembling fingers he tore
it open. Alas! it was full of gold and jewels.</p>
<p>16. "Woe is me!" cried the poor fellow; "had it been dates
my life would have been saved."</p>
<p class="pic">17. This little story shows you that on the
desert dates may sometimes be worth much more than gold and
jewels. I hope you are well and happy.—Your loving
FATHER.</p><a name="c10"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L10">10. A LETTER FROM INDIA.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig10-1ed.png"
width="400"
height="451"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—Hurrah! I am on shore again,
after nine long days at sea. Yesterday I reached Bombay, the
chief seaport of India.</p>
<p>2. Soon after I landed a friend came to see me at my hotel.
He drove me round Bombay, and showed me all the sights. I wish
you had been with me to see them.</p>
<p>3. Here in Bombay I seem to be in a new world altogether. It
is a world of wonderful light and colour. The bright hot sun
floods the streets and dazzles my eyes. Everywhere I see bright
colour—in the sky, the trees, the flowers, and the
dresses of the people.</p>
<p>4. The streets are always full of people. They are dark
brown in colour; their hair is black, their eyes are bright,
and their teeth are as white as pearls. Most of the people are
bare-legged and bare-footed.</p>
<p>5. The men wear white clothes, with turbans and sashes of
yellow, green, or blue. Yesterday was a feast-day. In the
morning I saw thousands of the people bathing in the sea.
Afterwards they roamed about the streets in their best clothes.
One crowd that I saw looked like a great tulip garden in full
bloom.</p>
<p>6. The women wear a garment of red, blue, or some other
bright colour. This garment covers them from the neck to the
knee. Almost every woman wears rings of silver on her arms and
ankles. Some of them have great rings in their noses, as well
as rings in their ears and on their toes.</p>
<p>7. You would be amused to see the people carrying their
burdens on their heads. Yesterday I saw a dozen men carrying a
grand piano on their heads.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig10-2ed.png"
width="175"
height="423"
alt="">
</div>
<p>8. From childhood the women carry jars of water or baskets
of earth in this way. They hold themselves very upright and
walk like queens.</p>
<p>9. Bombay is a very busy city. The streets are thronged with
carriages, motor cars, bullock carts, and electric trams. As
the people walk in the middle of the road, it is not easy for a
carriage to make its way through the streets.</p>
<p>10. The drivers ring bells, or shout to warn the people:
"Hi, you woman with the baby on your hip, get out of the
way!—Hi, you man with the box on your head, get out of
the way!"</p>
<p>11. I think you would like to see the bullock carts. They
are very small, and are drawn by two bullocks with humps on
their shoulders. The driver sits on the shaft and steers them
with a stick. These carts carry cotton to the mills or to the
docks.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig10-3ed.png"
width="450"
height="256"
alt="">
</div>
<p>12. In some of the carriages and motor cars you may see rich
men wearing fine silk robes. Many of these rich men now dress
as we do, except that they wear turbans instead of
hats.</p><a name="c11"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L11">11. IN THE STREETS.</a></h2>
<p>1. I should like you to see the shops of Bombay. Most of
them are quite unlike our British shops. They have no doors and
no windows, but are open to the street.</p>
<p>2. Our shopkeepers try to make a fine show of their goods.
The Indian shopkeeper does nothing of the sort. He simply piles
his goods round his shop and squats in the midst of them. There
he sits waiting for people to come and buy.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig11-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="475"
alt="">
</div>
<p>3. In our shops there is a fixed price for the goods. In
India nothing has a fixed price. You must bargain with the
shopkeeper if you wish to buy anything. Very likely he will ask
you three times the price which he hopes to get.</p>
<p>4. Our penny is divided into four parts; each of these parts
is called a farthing. The Indian penny is divided into twelve
parts; each of these parts is called a "pie." An Indian boy or
girl can buy rice or sweets with one pie.</p>
<p>5. There are thousands of beggars in India. They go to and
fro in front of the shops begging. The shopkeepers are very
kind to them, and never send them away without a present.</p>
<p>6. Very good order is kept in the streets. At every street
corner stands a native policeman, dressed in blue, with a flat
yellow cap on his head and a club by his side. Some of the
policemen ride horses, and carry guns and lances.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig11-2ed.png"
width="150"
height="453"
alt="">
</div>
<p>7. The parks of Bombay are large open spaces covered with
grass. Round them are rows of palm trees. In these parks you
may see men and boys playing all sorts of games.</p>
<p>8. Indians are very fond of cricket, which they play very
well. Not many years ago an Indian prince was one of the best
players in England.</p>
<p>9. Polo is also played in the parks of Bombay. It is an
Indian game, but Britons now play it too. Polo is just hockey
on horseback.</p>
<p>10. The players ride ponies which are very quick and nimble.
Each player carries a mallet with a very long handle. With this
mallet he strikes a wooden ball and tries to drive it between
the goal posts.</p>
<p>11. Last night I stopped to watch some Indian boys playing
marbles. When Tom plays the game, he places the marble between
his thumb and forefinger and shoots it out with his thumb.</p>
<p>12. The Indian boy does not shoot the marble in this way at
all. He presses back the second finger of one hand with the
forefinger of the other. Then he lets go and strikes the marble
with the finger that was bent back. Some of the boys are very
clever at this game.</p>
<p class="pic">13. Bombay has some very fine buildings. On the
top of most of them you see the Union Jack, the flag of
Britain. Not only Bombay but all India belongs to Britain. I
hope you are all well.—Best love.
FATHER.</p><br clear="all">
<a name="Photo11-1"></a>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 640px;margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo11-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="432"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">The Village Well.<br>
(<i>From the picture by W. Simpson, R.I.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center><a name="c12"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L12">12. OUR INDIAN COUSIN.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I am now in the north of India,
not far from the great river Ganges. It is a long railway
journey from Bombay to this place. I have been in the train two
days and two nights.</p>
<p>2. I am now beginning to understand what a vast land India
is. Do you know that it would make sixteen lands as large as
our own? One in every five of all the people on earth lives in
India.</p>
<p>3. Perhaps you can guess why I have made this long journey
from Bombay. My brother, your uncle, is the chief man in this
part of the country. He and I have been parted for many years.
I am now living in his house.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig12-1ed.png"
width="450"
height="285"
alt="">
</div>
<p>4. Let me tell you about little Hugh, your cousin. He was
born in India seven years ago, and he has never been to
England. He hopes to come "home" to see you all in a few
months' time.</p>
<p>5. Hugh's home is a big house, all on the ground floor. It
has no upstairs. The rooms are very large and lofty. This is
because the weather is very hot for the greater part of the
year. If the rooms were not large and high, they would be too
hot to live in.</p>
<p>6. In every room there is a beam of wood with a short
curtain hanging from it. This is the punkah. The beam is hung
from the roof by ropes. In the hot weather a boy sits outside
and pulls the punkah to and fro with a rope. In this way he
makes a little breeze, which keeps the room cool.</p>
<p>7. The roof of the house juts out all round and is held up
by pillars. We sit outside, under the roof, whenever we can.
During the heat of the day we must stay indoors.</p>
<p>8. The garden round the house is very large. There are many
tall palm trees in it. Some of the other trees bear most
beautiful blossoms of crimson, yellow, and blue. All along the
front of the house are many flowerpots, in which roses and
other English flowers are growing.</p>
<p>9. A few days ago little Hugh came to me and asked if he
might show me what he called "the compound." I said "Yes." So
he took my hand and led me away.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig12-2ed.png"
width="325"
height="316"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. First he showed me the gardener. He is a short, dark
man, and he squats down to do his work. He is a very good
gardener, and he is proud of his flowers. Every morning he
comes to the house with a flower for Hugh's father and mother
and uncle.</p>
<p>11. Next, Hugh took me to see the well. It is behind the
house. The mouth of the well is on the top of a mound. To reach
it you must walk up a sloping road. Above the mouth of the well
there is a wheel.</p>
<p class="pic">12. A rope runs over this wheel. At one end of
the rope there is a large leather bag. The other end of the
rope is fastened to the necks of a pair of
bullocks.</p><a name="c13"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L13">13. IN THE GARDEN.</a></h2>
<p>1. The bullocks walk backwards up the sloping road. This
lowers the leather bag into the well, where it is filled with
water. Then the bullocks walk down the sloping road. This pulls
the bag up to the mouth of the well.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig13-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="477"
alt="">
</div>
<p>2. A man empties the water out of the bag into a tank by the
side of the well. The water runs out of this tank into the
garden, where it spreads out into many little streams. It is
this water which makes the trees, the plants, and the grass
grow so well in the garden.</p>
<p>3. If the garden were not watered in this way, it would soon
be brown and bare. For many months at a time no rain falls in
India. Then dust a foot deep lies on the roads, and the ground
cracks with the heat.</p>
<p>4. When the dry season is over the rain begins to fall. It
comes down in torrents for days together. In some places more
rain falls in a single day than we have in a whole year.</p>
<p>5. During the "rains" the rivers become full to the brim,
and the whole land is fresh and green. Sometimes the "rains" do
not come at all. Then the crops wither away, and the people
starve.</p>
<p>6. In our country we are never sure of the weather. It
changes so often that we talk about it a great deal. In India
nobody talks about the weather. During seven months of the year
every day is fine.</p>
<p>7. In our country we almost always have plenty of water for
our crops, and for drinking and washing. Plenty of fresh water
is a great blessing to a land. In many parts of India water is
very scarce.</p>
<p>8. I told you that the great river Ganges is not far away
from little Hugh's home. This grand river begins in the
mountains of North India. I wish you could see these mountains.
They are the highest on earth. They rise up from the plains
like a huge wall, and their tops are always covered with fields
of ice and snow.</p>
<p>9. These ice-fields slowly move down the mountain sides.
Then they melt, and this gives rise to the Ganges and to the
other great rivers of North India.</p>
<p>10. Millions of the Indian people love the Ganges, and they
have good reason to do so. It gives water and food to more than
twice as many people as dwell in the British
Islands.</p><a name="Fig13-2"></a>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig13-2ed.png"
width="550"
height="481"
alt="">
</div>
<p>11. Many Indians think that every drop of water in the river
is holy. They believe that if they bathe in its waters their
souls will be washed clean from sin.</p>
<p>12. There is a town by the side of the Ganges which the
Indians say is the holiest place on earth. It is full of
temples. Millions of Indians visit these temples every
year.</p>
<p>13. All along the river bank there are stone steps leading
down to the water. Standing in the stream are men and women and
children who have come from all parts of India. They wash
themselves in the stream, and pour the holy water over their
heads as they pray.</p>
<p>14. People who are very ill are carried to this place, that
they may die by the side of "Mother Ganges." They die happy if
they can see her or hear the sound of her waters during their
last moments.</p>
<p>15. When they die their bodies are taken to the steps. There
they are washed in the river water, and are placed on piles of
wood. Friends set fire to the wood, and soon the bodies are
burnt to ashes. These ashes are thrown into the stream, which
bears them to the distant ocean.</p><a name="c14"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L14">14. INDIAN BOYS AND
GIRLS.</a></h2>
<p>1. I am very fond of going about the streets with your
uncle. The Indian children always amuse me.</p>
<p>2. When Indians grow up they are rather grave and sad. The
children, however, are always bright and merry. Indian fathers
and mothers are very fond of their boys. They care very little
for their girls.</p>
<p>3. Boys soon become men in India. They begin work at an
early age, and they are married when they are about sixteen.
Girls are married a few years younger.</p>
<p>4. Almost every boy follows the trade of his father. A
farmer's son becomes a farmer, a weaver's son becomes a weaver,
and so on.</p>
<p>5. Many of the boys go to school, but not many of the girls.
They, poor things, begin to work in the house or in the field
almost as soon as they can walk. Much of the hard rough work in
India is done by poor women and girls.</p>
<p>6. A rich father keeps his girls shut up in the back part of
his house. Their faces are never seen by any man except those
of their own family. If they go out of the house, they cover
themselves from head to foot with a thick veil. Sometimes they
are carried from place to place in a closely shut box on
poles.</p>
<p>7. Are you not sorry for these poor rich girls? I am. They
can never play merry games with boy friends, or go for long
walks in the country.</p>
<p>8. They know nothing of the beautiful world in which they
live. Their rooms are fine, their dresses are grand, and their
jewels are lovely; but they are only poor prisoners after
all.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig14-1ed.png"
width="400"
height="326"
alt="">
</div>
<p>9. Yesterday I went with your uncle to see a village school.
There were only twenty boys in it. The roof was off the
schoolhouse, so the classes were held in the open air.</p>
<p>10. The boys sat on forms, just as you do. The teacher wrote
on a blackboard, and taught the children to do sums with a ball
frame. Each boy had a reading-book. It was not printed in
English, but in the tongue spoken in that part of the
country.</p>
<p>11. Some of the boys wrote in copy-books, but most of them
wrote on thin boards, which they used instead of slates.
Instead of a pencil they used a pen made of a reed.</p>
<p>12. Chalk was ground up and wetted in a little cup. The boys
dipped their reed pens into the cup, just as you dip your steel
pen into the ink. The letters and figures which they wrote were
very different from ours.</p>
<p>13. Some of the boys read their books very well, and worked
hard sums. They sang "God save the King" for me in their own
tongue.</p>
<p class="pic">14. In the towns there are large and good
schools. Some of the scholars are very clever indeed. I think
Indian boys are much fonder of their lessons than our
boys.</p><a name="c15"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L15">15. ELEPHANTS AND
TIGERS.</a></h2><a name="Photo15-1"></a>
<div class="figure1r"
style="width: 440px; margin-top: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo15-1.jpg"
width="400"
height="554"
alt=""><br>
<p class="caption">AN INDIAN RAJAH.</p>
</div>
<p>1. In his last letter Tom asked me to tell him something
about elephants and tigers. I will try to do so.</p>
<p>2. Yesterday your uncle and I went out to shoot pigeons. An
Indian chief, or rajah, lent us an elephant to carry us to the
shooting ground.</p>
<p>3. A driver sat on the neck of the huge animal. Instead of a
whip he had a goad of sharp steel. I did not see him prick the
elephant with this goad. He guided the animal with voice and
hand.</p>
<p>4. On the elephant's back there was a large pad upon which
we were to sit. I could see no ladder, so I wondered how I was
to climb up. Just then the elephant knelt down on his hind
legs.</p>
<p>5. Your uncle showed me how to get up. "Here," he said, "is
a ladder of two steps. The first step is the elephant's foot,
the second is the loop of his tail."</p>
<p>6. He held the end of the elephant's tail in his hand and
bent it to make a loop. When I put my foot on it he lifted the
tail, and in this way helped me on to the elephant's back.</p>
<p>7. When your uncle had climbed up, the elephant jogged off
at a good pace. He went along rough, narrow paths, over ditches
and the beds of streams. Never once did he make a false
step.</p>
<p>8. An elephant costs a great deal of money. Only princes and
rich men can afford to keep them. Sometimes a great prince has
as many as a hundred elephants in his stables.</p>
<p>9. When a prince rides through a city in state his elephants
wear rich cloths, which are studded with gems. Sometimes the
elephants' heads are painted and their tusks are covered with
gold.</p>
<p>10. In the drawing-room of your uncle's house there is a
beautiful tiger skin. The tiger that used to wear this skin was
shot by your uncle about three years ago.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig15-1ed.png"
width="350"
height="172"
alt="">
</div>
<p>11. It was a man-eating tiger—that is, an old tiger
that could no longer run fast enough to catch deer. This
man-eater used to hide near a village. He would creep up
silently behind men and women, and stun them with a blow of his
paw. Then he would drag them away and eat them.</p>
<p>12. The people of the village came to your uncle and begged
him to kill the man-eater. He agreed to do so. Near to the
tiger's drinking-place a little hut was built in a tree. One
night your uncle sat in this hut with his gun on his knee,
waiting for the tiger to come.</p>
<p>13. Slowly the hours went by, and your uncle felt sure that
the tiger had gone to another place to drink. Just as he was
thinking of going home to bed the huge animal crept into the
moonlight.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig15-2ed.png"
width="375"
height="490"
alt="">
</div>
<p>14. Nearer and nearer he came. Then your uncle lifted his
gun, took a steady aim, and shot the tiger through the
heart.</p>
<p>15. In the morning there was great joy among the people of
the village because their fierce foe was dead. They hung
garlands of flowers round your uncle's neck, and sang his
praises in many songs.</p>
<p>16. Now I must close this very long letter.—Best love
to you all. FATHER.</p><br clear="all">
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 640px; margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo15-2.jpg"
width="600"
height="419"
alt="">
<p class="caption">A Tiger Shoot.<br>
(<i>From the picture by Edgar H. Fischer, in the Royal
Academy, 1911.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center><a name="c16"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L16">16. A LETTER FROM
BURMA.—I.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—Since I last wrote to you I have
visited several of the large cities of India. A week ago I was
in the largest city of all.</p>
<p>2. On Christmas morning I sailed down the mouth of the
Ganges into the open sea, on my way to the country of
Burma.</p>
<p>3. Now I am in the chief town of Burma, and you will expect
me to tell you something about the land and its people. From
what I have seen, I think Burma is a prettier country than
India.</p><a name="Fig16-1"></a>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig16-1ed.png"
width="175"
height="391"
alt="">
</div>
<p>4. In the chief town there seem to be people from many
lands. I saw Chinamen, with their pigtails hanging down their
backs. I also saw Indians from across the sea, and white men
from our own country. Of course, there were also many Burmese,
as the people of Burma are called.</p>
<p>5. Kate and May will like to hear something about the
Burmese girls and women. They are not at all sad like the
Indians, but are very bright and gay. As I write these lines I
see a party of Burmese girls passing my window, I can hear them
laughing.</p>
<p>6. They are very dainty in their dress. One girl wears a
skirt of pink silk and a blouse of light green. She has
bracelets on her arms, ear-rings in her ears, a string of coral
round her neck, and flowers in her hair.</p>
<p>7. In one hand she carries a bamboo sunshade; in the other
she holds a big paper cigar! She is very fond of smoking, and
you never see her without a cigar. On her feet she wears
sandals.</p>
<p>8. The men are gentle and rather lazy. The women have far
more "go" in them than the men. Many of them keep shops, and
are very good traders. The wife is the chief person in every
home.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig16-2ed.png"
width="200"
height="467"
alt="">
</div>
<p>9. The men also wear skirts, and sometimes their jackets are
very gay. They wrap a handkerchief of pink, or of some other
bright colour, round their head.</p>
<p>10. The Burmese worship Buddha, a prince who lived more than
two thousand years ago. He was a very noble man, and he gave up
all the pleasant things of life that nothing might turn his
thoughts from goodness.</p>
<p>11. Amongst other things he taught men to be kind to
animals. All animals are well treated in Burma.</p>
<p>12. All over the land you see temples to Buddha. These
temples grow narrower and narrower the higher they rise. They
all end in a spire above which there is a kind of umbrella. It
is made of metal, and all round its edge are silver or golden
bells, which make pretty music as they are blown to and fro by
the wind.</p>
<p>13. By the side of many of these temples you may see a great
image of Buddha. Most of the images are made of brass. The
Burmese pray before these images, and offer flowers and candles
and rice to them.</p><a name="Fig16-3"></a>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig16-3ed.png"
width="350"
height="501"
alt="">
</div><br clear="all">
<a name="c17"></a>
<hr class="chapter"
style="clear: none;">
<h2><a href="#L17">17. A LETTER FROM
BURMA.—II.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig17-1ed.png"
width="150"
height="423"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Wherever you go in Burma you see monks. They have shaven
heads, and they wear yellow robes. Every morning they go out to
beg. Boys in yellow robes go with them, and carry large bowls
in their hands.</p>
<p>2. The people come out of their houses and put food into the
bowls. The monks do not thank them. They say that he who gives
is more blessed than he who takes.</p>
<p>3. The monks live in houses built of teak wood. In every
village you can see a monk's house standing in a grove of palm
trees. In these houses the monks keep school.</p>
<p>4. Every Burmese boy lives for some time in one of the
monks' houses. Here he learns to read and write, and is taught
to be a good man.</p>
<p>5. I went to see the most beautiful of all the monks'
houses. It is in a city far up in the country. The building is
of dark-brown teak wood, and has many roofs, one above the
other. It is covered with carving, and here and there it is
gilded.</p>
<p>6. Many boys in yellow robes were playing beneath the trees.
They were the scholars of the school. One of the boys told me
that he was never going to leave the place. When he was old
enough he meant to be a monk.</p>
<p>7. In the city I saw the palace of the king from whom we
took Burma. It stands inside a large space, with high walls all
round it. Outside the wall is a broad ditch full of water. When
I saw the ditch it was overgrown with water-plants covered with
pink blossoms.</p>
<p>8. Many buildings, something like the monks' houses, form
the king's palace. Some of the buildings are very richly
carved, and are covered with gold leaf. Inside one of them I
saw great teak pillars, also covered with gold.</p>
<p>9. The chief building ends in a very lofty spire, with a
beautiful metal umbrella above it. The Burmese used to believe
that this spire was in the very middle of the earth.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig17-2ed.png"
width="400"
height="378"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. Another fine building is a high lookout tower. From the
top of it there is a grand view. On one side I saw a hill
covered with temples. At the foot of the hill there were four
hundred and fifty of these temples. There must be thousands of
them in and near the city.</p>
<p>11. As I drove to my hotel last night I saw a number of boys
playing Burmese football. They do not take sides, nor do they
try to kick goals. The football is made of basket-work.</p>
<p>12. The boys stand round in a ring, and the game is to keep
the ball from touching the ground. The boys pass the ball from
one to the other by knocking it up with their heads, arms,
hands, legs, or toes. Some of the boys are very clever at this
game.</p>
<p>13. Burma has many beautiful rivers and some fine mountains.
By the side of the rivers much rice is grown. Away in the north
there are grand forests filled with wild animals. Tigers are
often shot within twenty miles of the old king's palace.</p>
<p class="pic">14. Now I have filled my paper, and I must bring
this letter to an end. I hope you are all well and happy. I am
leaving Burma tomorrow.—Best love to you all.
FATHER.</p><a name="c18"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L18">18. A LETTER FROM
CEYLON.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig18-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="199"
alt="">
</div>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig18-2ed.png"
width="300"
height="517"
alt="">
</div>
<p class="pic2">1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—A week ago I landed
in the beautiful island of Ceylon. It lies to the south of
India. Get mother to show it to you on the globe.</p>
<p>2. I am still under the British flag, the Union Jack. I can
see it waving from the top of a big building. The people of
Ceylon are proud to call themselves British.</p>
<p>3. I have just been for a ride through the streets of the
chief town. I rode in a rickshaw—that is, a kind of large
baby-carriage drawn by a man. My rickshaw had rubber on its
wheels, so we went along very smoothly and quickly.</p>
<p>4. Some of the carts are drawn by little bullocks that trot
along as fast as a pony. I often meet carts with a high cover
of thatch. These carts carry the tea, which grows on the hills,
down to the ships in the harbour.</p>
<p>5. Some of the men of Ceylon wear tortoise-shell combs in
their hair. They are very proud of these combs, and some of
them are very handsome.</p>
<p class="pic">6. The children of Ceylon seem very happy. They
are pretty and clean, and always obey their parents. Many of
them learn to speak and read English. They love dancing and
singing, and they never quarrel.</p><a name="Photo18-1"></a>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo18-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="469"
alt="">
<p class="caption">Ceylon Girls Playing the
Tom-Tom.<br>
(<i>From the picture by E.A. Hornel. By permission of
the Corporation of Manchester.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center>
<p>7. By the next ship home I am sending mother a chest of tea.
The tea grew on the hills of Ceylon. I made a journey to these
hills by train. On the way we passed through thick forests, and
by the side of beautiful rivers.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig18-3ed.png"
width="300"
height="508"
alt="">
</div>
<p>8. Ceylon is very rich in plants and trees. The cocoanut
palm grows almost everywhere. On one of the rivers I saw a raft
of cocoanuts. A man swam behind it and pushed it along.</p>
<p>9. With this letter I send you a picture of a tea-garden.
Notice the men and women plucking the leaf. Many of them come
from the south of India. Look at the white planter. He comes,
as you know, from our own country.</p>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo18-2.jpg"
width="600"
height="466"
alt="">
<p class="caption">IN A CEYLON TEA PLANTATION.</p>
</div>
<p>10. In the middle of Ceylon there are many high mountains.
The highest is called Adam's Peak. It stands like a great wedge
high above the other hills.</p>
<p>11. The people of Ceylon believe that it is a holy mountain.
They say that once upon a time Buddha climbed to the top of
this mountain. To prove that he did so they show you his
footprint. It is more than five feet long!</p>
<p>12. A little temple has been built over the footprint. Men,
women, and children climb the mountain, to lay little gifts
before the footprint, and to strew sweet flowers about it. When
this is done, the children kneel down and ask their parents to
bless them.</p>
<p>13. To-morrow I leave Ceylon on a long voyage to China. You
will not hear from me for several weeks. I hope you are all
well, and that you are still good children.—I remain,
your loving Father.</p><a name="c19"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L19">19. A LETTER FROM
CHINA.</a></h2><a name="Photo19-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 440px; margin-top: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo19-1.jpg"
width="400"
height="571"
alt="">
<p class="caption">A Chinese Street.<br>
(<i>From the picture by T. Hodgson Liddell,
R.B.A.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—Three weeks have gone by since I
last wrote to you. I have made my voyage safely, and I am now
in a great city of China called Canton.</p>
<p>2. Ask mother to show you China on the globe. You see at
once that it is a vast country. It is larger than the whole of
Europe. One-fourth of all the people in the world live in
China.</p>
<p>3. All round this city of Canton there is a high wall. From
the wall the city seems to be a beautiful place. When, however,
you enter it, you soon find that it is dirty and full of foul
smells.</p><br clear="all">
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig19-1ed.png"
width="400"
height="413"
alt="">
</div>
<p>4. The streets are very narrow, and are always crowded with
people. Many of them are roofed in to keep them cool. Most of
them are so narrow that no carriage can pass along them. People
who wish to ride must be carried in a kind of box on the
shoulders of two or more men.</p>
<p>5. I am sure you would like to see the signboards that hang
down in front of the shops. The strange letters on them are
painted in gold and in bright colours. They look very gay
indeed.</p>
<p>6. The shops sell all sorts of things—silk, books,
drugs, flowers, china, and birds. Some of the shops only sell
gold and silver paper. The Chinese burn this paper at the
graves of their friends. When they do this they think that they
are sending money for their dead friends to spend in the other
world.</p>
<p>7. Many things are also sold in the streets. The street
traders carry a bamboo pole across the shoulder. From the ends
of this pole they sling the baskets in which they carry their
wares. Many workmen ply their trades in the open street, and
you are sure to see quack doctors, letter-writers, and
money-changers.</p>
<p>8. The Chinese do in the open street many things which we do
inside our houses. A Chinaman likes to eat his meals where
every one can see him.</p>
<p>9. Sometimes he will sit in front of his house and wash his
feet. Yesterday I saw a man having his tooth drawn out of
doors. A crowd stood round him, watching to see how it was
done.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig19-2ed.png"
width="350"
height="333"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. How should you like to go for a ride in a wheelbarrow?
In China the wheelbarrow is often used for carrying people or
goods from place to place. It has a large wheel in the middle.
Round the wheel there is a platform for people or goods.</p>
<p>11. A broad river runs through the city. It is crowded with
boats, in which live many thousands of people. Many of these
people never go ashore at all.</p>
<p>12. Over the sterns of the boats there are long baskets.
These are the backyards of the floating city. Hens, ducks,
geese, and sometimes pigs, are kept in these baskets.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig19-3ed.png"
width="350"
height="358"
alt="">
</div>
<p>13. The little boys who live on the boats have a log of wood
fastened to their waists. This keeps them afloat if they fall
overboard. The little girls have no such lifebelts. In China
nobody troubles about the girls.</p>
<p class="pic2">14. Nearly all the boats have an eye painted on
their bows. Perhaps this seems strange to you. The Chinese,
however, say,—</p>
<blockquote>
"<i>S'pose no got eye, no can see;<br>
S'pose no can see, no can walkee</i>"
</blockquote><a name="c20"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L20">20. CHINESE BOYS AND
GIRLS.</a></h2>
<p>1. Chinese fathers and mothers are very glad when their
children are boys. In China the boys are much petted. Their
mothers give way to them, and let them do as they please.</p>
<p>2. Girls, however, are not welcome. Sometimes they are
called "Not-wanted" or "Ought-to-have-been-a-boy."</p>
<p>3. A Chinese boy has always two names, sometimes four. He
has one name when he is a child, and another when he goes to
school. He has a third name when he begins to earn money. When
he dies he has a fourth name.</p>
<p>4. Chinese boys are very fond of flying kites, which are
shaped like fish or butterflies or dragons. Old gentlemen are
just as fond of kite-flying as boys.</p>
<p>5. In China you will often see boys playing hopscotch or
spinning peg-tops. They also play shuttlecock, but they have no
battledore. They kick the shuttlecock with the sides of their
feet.</p>
<p>6. Chinese boys love to set off fireworks, such as crackers,
wheels, and rockets. If the fireworks make a loud noise, so
much the better.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig20-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="391"
alt="">
</div>
<p>7. Chinese children are taught to show very great respect to
their parents. They all bow and kneel to their fathers and
mothers. A boy who is not kind and good to his parents is
thought to be a wicked wretch.</p>
<p>8. A few days ago I went to see a Chinese school. The boys
sit on stools at tiny tables. In front of them they have a
stone slab, a stick of Chinese ink, and some brushes with which
they write.</p>
<p>9. There is always a great din in a Chinese schoolroom. The
boys shout at the top of their voices. If they do not make a
noise, the teacher thinks that they are not learning.</p>
<p>10. When a boy knows his lesson he goes up to his master to
say it. He turns his back to his master, and does not face him
as you do.</p>
<p>11. A Chinese boy becomes a man at sixteen years of age. He
chooses his work in life when he is quite a baby. Let me tell
you how he does it.</p>
<p>12. When he is one year old he is seated in the middle of
such things as money, books, and pens. Then the parents watch
him to see what he will play with.</p>
<p>13. If he takes up the money, they say that he must be a
trader or a banker. If he takes up a book or a pen, they say
that he must be a writer or a teacher or a
scholar.</p><a name="c21"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L21">21. HAIR, FINGERS, AND
TOES.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig21-1ed.png"
width="300"
height="335"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Chinese men shave their heads, all but a small patch of
hair. This is allowed to grow very long, and is plaited into a
pigtail. I have seen Chinamen with coloured ribbons woven into
their pigtails.</p>
<p>2. When men are at work they twine their pigtails round
their heads. When they wish to show respect to any person they
let down their pigtails. A man who has a long, thick pigtail is
very proud of it.</p>
<p>3. Sometimes men who are sent to prison have their pigtails
cut off. This is thought to be a great disgrace. When they
leave prison they buy false pigtails to wear.</p>
<p>4. When Chinamen fight they pull each other about by the
pigtail. Sometimes a schoolmaster punishes bad boys with his
pigtail.</p>
<p>5. Rich women are very proud of their tiny feet. Chinese
ladies can wear shoes about four inches long. Fancy mother
wearing a doll's shoes!</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig21-2ed.png"
width="325"
height="400"
alt="">
</div>
<p>6. Girls have their feet bound up tightly when they are five
years of age. The bandages are made tighter every week, until
the foot stops growing. Of course, the poor girls suffer very
much. The Chinese have a saying: "Every pair of bound feet
costs a bath of tears."</p>
<p>7. When the girls grow up they cannot walk. They can only
totter along, and they have to lean on the arm of a maid to
keep themselves from falling.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig21-3ed.png"
width="275"
height="406"
alt="">
</div>
<p>8. I am glad to say that many parents do not now bind the
feet of their girls. They have learnt that it is both wicked
and foolish to do so. At one school in China all the girls have
their feet unbound. They skip and play about almost as well as
Kate and May.</p>
<p>9. You and I think that only dirty, untidy people let their
nails grow long. Rich people in China never cut their nails.
They let them grow so long that they have to wear shields to
keep them from being broken.</p>
<p>10. The dress of a Chinaman is very simple. He wears
trousers and several cotton or silk tunics. The outside tunic
has very long, wide sleeves; these are used as pockets.</p>
<p>11. The trousers are loose, and are covered up to the knee
by white stockings. When a Chinaman is in full dress he wears a
long gown. The Chinese boy wears the same kind of clothes as
his father. Every man, woman, and child carries a fan.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig21-4ed.png"
width="250"
height="92"
alt="">
</div>
<p>12. Chinese boots are made of cloth or satin, never of
leather. The soles are made of rags or paper. We blacken the
uppers of our boots. Chinamen whiten the soles of theirs.</p>
<p>13. Now I must end this letter. When I come home you must
ask me to tell you about the rice fields and the silk farms and
the Great Wall. I have a hundred more things to tell you about
this wonderful land.—Your loving
FATHER.</p><a name="Photo21-1"></a>
<center>
<div class="figure1c"
style="width: 640px; margin-bottom: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo21-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="426"
alt="">
<p class="caption">A Rich Chinaman's House.<br>
(<i>From the photograph by J. Thomson,
F.R.G.S.</i>)</p>
</div>
</center><a name="c22"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L22">22. A LETTER FROM JAPAN.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—Once more I have made a long sea
voyage, and once more I am safely on shore. I am now in
Japan.</p>
<p>2. The Japs live on islands, just as we do. They are brave
and clever and busy, and they have many fine warships. Because
of all these things they are sometimes called the Britons of
the Far East.</p>
<p>3. Most of the people in the East are very backward. They
have stood still while the people of the West have gone
forward. Not so the Japs. They have learnt everything that the
West can teach them. You will see in Japan all the things on
which we pride ourselves.</p>
<p>4. The Japs are first-rate sailors. Some of their captains
learnt to be sailors on board our warships. They are also fine
soldiers. You know that not many years ago they beat the
Russians both by land and by sea.</p>
<p>5. I like the Japs better than any other people that I have
met in the East. Many of them still wear the dress of olden
days, and keep to their simple and pretty ways. Their country
is beautiful, and they love beautiful things.</p>
<p>6. They are very fond indeed of flowers, which they grow
very well. Their gardens are lovely. When the flowers are in
bloom the Japs troop in thousands to see them. It is pretty to
watch the delight of fathers and mothers and children at the
form, colour, and scent of the flowers.</p>
<p>7. The Japs are very clever workmen. I have often stood and
watched them at work. They always try to beat their own best.
Good work of any kind gives them joy; bad work gives them
pain.</p>
<p>8. I have bought Jap fans for Kate and May. On these fans
there are pictures of a snow-clad mountain shaped like a sugar
loaf. There is no more beautiful mountain in all the world.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig22-1ed.png"
width="500"
height="226"
alt="">
</div>
<p>9. This mountain began as a hole in the ground. Melted rocks
boiled up out of the hole and built up the mountain. In time
the rocks grew cool and hard. Some Japs believe that it was
formed in a single night!</p>
<p>10. Steam still comes out of a crack in the side of the
mountain. This shows that any day melted rocks may boil forth
again. About two hundred years ago the mountain threw out so
much ash that it covered a town sixty miles away.</p>
<p>11. Sometimes the earth shakes and opens in great cracks.
When the earth "quakes" houses tumble down, and the tops of
tall trees snap off. Very often lives are
lost.</p><a name="c23"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L23">23. JAP CHILDREN.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig23-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="448"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. When a Jap boy is born there is great joy in his home.
His mother's friends all come to see him. They bring him
presents, such as toys, dried fish, and eggs.</p>
<p>2. Very early in his life the little Jap baby is strapped on
to his sister's back. He goes with her wherever she goes. If
the weather is cold, the little girl covers him with her coat.
When the sun is hot she shelters him with her sunshade.</p>
<p>3. When she plays she jumps and skips and runs about, and
all the time baby's little head jerks to and fro. He does not
mind; he is quite happy. You never hear a Jap baby cry.</p>
<p>4. When a boy is about three years of age he learns to walk.
He soon finds his feet, and runs about on high wooden
clogs.</p>
<p>5. Jap boys are fond of pets and games. Wherever a boy goes
he carries with him a long pole. With this he makes flying
leaps and does many clever tricks.</p>
<p>6. Every boy in Japan wishes to be either a soldier or a
sailor when he grows up. Even tiny little mites play with flags
and drums and little guns. When the boys are older they are
taught to be brave, and to die if need be for their
country.</p>
<p>7. The great day of the year for Jap boys is the fifth day
of the fifth month. On this day the Feast of Flags is held.
Over each house where there is a boy you see big paper fish
floating in the air.</p>
<p class="pic">8. The shops are then full of toys. Most of the
toys are soldiers, and sometimes they are like the soldiers of
olden days. Some are on foot, and some are on horseback; some
are generals, and some are drummers.</p><a name=
"Photo23-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo23-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="373"
alt="">
<p class="caption">The Toy Seller.<br>
(<i>From the water-colour painting by H.E.
Tidmarsh.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>9. The boys love to play at war. You can always make Jap
boys happy by giving them a toy army to play with.</p>
<p>10. The greatest day of the year for the girls is the Feast
of Dolls. On this day the girls give doll parties to their
little friends. All the dolls, however old, are brought out and
dressed up in fine new clothes. The Feast of Dolls is a time of
great fun and laughter.</p>
<p>11. Jap children now play many of our games. They are very
fond of "prisoner's base," "fox and geese," and "tag." The boys
love kite-flying.</p>
<div class="figure2r"
style="clear: all;">
<img src="illustrations/Fig23-2ed.png"
width="350"
height="393"
alt="">
</div>
<p>12. Sometimes they put glass on the strings of their kites,
and with it try to cut the strings of other boys' kites. They
are very clever at this game, and there is great laughter when
a string is cut.</p>
<p>13. In the house, during the day, girls like to blow soap
bubbles. At dusk they are fond of hunting fire-flies, and
driving them to and fro with fans.</p>
<p>14. In the summer they catch grasshoppers, and keep them in
small bamboo cages. They say that the chirping of the
grasshoppers brings them good luck.</p>
<p>15. All Japs are polite—even boys. When a boy goes to
the house of a friend he squats on his heels. Then he places
his hands on the floor, and bows until his forehead touches his
toes. This he does again and again, and all the time he speaks
very politely.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig23-3ed.png"
width="300"
height="353"
alt="">
</div>
<p>16. Jap children are taught to be very kind and helpful to
their elders, and to the poor and the weak. Yesterday I saw a
little girl run from her mother to take the hand of a blind man
and lead him across the street.</p>
<p>17. Now, my dears, I must end this letter. To-morrow I start
on my homeward way. I shall sail across the ocean to the great
land of America. I hope you are all well, good, and happy. Your
loving FATHER.</p><a name="c24"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L24">24. A LETTER FROM
CANADA.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—Look at the globe in my room and
find Japan. Then find America. You will see that a broad ocean
lies between them. It is called the Pacific Ocean. I have
crossed this ocean, and I am now in the great country of
Canada.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig24-1ed.png"
width="450"
height="353"
alt="">
</div>
<p>2. I am sure that you cannot guess where I am writing this
letter. I am writing it in the train. I have already been three
days in the train, and I am only half-way across Canada.</p>
<p>3. I am glad to say that I am once more under the Union
Jack. The whole land of Canada is British, from sea to sea. Our
flag floats above every city.</p>
<p>4. The first part of my journey pleased me most. The train
ran through a beautiful country, filled with splendid trees.
Some of them are as high as a church tower, and have trunks
many yards round. There are no finer trees in all the
world.</p>
<p>5. Later in the day our train ran by the side of a rushing
river, which was deep down in a narrow valley between the
mountains.</p>
<p>6. In this river there are millions of salmon. I saw men
catching them. You will see tins of salmon from this river in
most of the grocers' shops at home.</p>
<p>7. As the train ran on, the mountains rose higher and
higher, until their tops were covered with snow. We then began
to cross the great Rocky Mountains. Up and up the train
climbed, until the rails reached their highest point.</p>
<p class="pic">8. Then we began to descend. We ran through dark
clefts in the rocks, along the edges of steep cliffs, across
rivers, and by the side of lakes. High above us were the snowy
mountain tops. It was all very grand and very beautiful.</p>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo24-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="419"
alt="">
<p class="caption">Harvest-Time in Canada.<br>
(<i>From the picture by Cyrus Cuneo, R.I. By kind
permission of the C.P.R. Co.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>9. At last we left the mountains behind us and reached the
plains. We are now speeding over these plains. The country is
as flat as the palm of your hand. Here and there, far apart, I
can see farm-houses. On these plains the best wheat in the
world is grown.</p>
<p>10. In winter the whole land is covered deep with snow, and
the rivers are frozen over. In April winter gives place to
spring. Then the snow melts, and the ice on the rivers breaks
up.</p>
<p>11. No sooner has the snow gone than the wheat begins to
spring up. The wheat grows very fast and ripens very quickly.
Much of it is sent to Britain. Very likely the loaf which you
ate for breakfast this morning was made of wheat which grew on
the plains of Canada.</p>
<p>12. In other parts of Canada there are forests which cover
thousands of miles of country. The trees in these forests are
cut down, and are made into planks which are sent to all parts
of the world.</p>
<p>13. The trees are felled during winter. Their trunks are
piled up by the side of a river. When the thaw comes they are
thrown into the water. Men follow them and push them back into
the water if they drift ashore.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig24-2ed.png"
width="400"
height="424"
alt="">
</div>
<p>14. The stream carries the logs down to the sawmills, where
they are cut up into planks. Love to all.
FATHER.</p><a name="c25"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L25">25. CHILDREN OF CANADA.</a></h2>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig25-1ed.png"
width="500"
height="223"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—I am staying for a few days with
a friend who has a farm on the plains. His house is five miles
from the railway.</p>
<p>2. My friend met me at the station with a motor car, and
drove me over rough roads between huge fields. There are no
hedges in this part of the country. The fields are divided from
each other by fences.</p>
<p>3. This farm is much larger than any farm which you have
seen in England. The house is built of wood. All round it is a
pretty garden. Not far away are the stables and the barns.</p>
<p>4. I am sure you would like to hear something about the
farmer's children. There are three of them—a girl and two
boys. The girl is the youngest, and she is about eight years of
age.</p>
<p>5. All the children make themselves very useful in the
house. Servants are hard to get in Canada, so people must learn
to help themselves. The boys clean the boots and chop wood. The
girls think nothing of helping to scrub the floors.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig25-2ed.png"
width="400"
height="326"
alt="">
</div>
<p>6. After breakfast the children trudge off to school, which
is three miles away. They take their lunch with them. When they
return in the evening they have many odd jobs to do.</p>
<p>7. In the playground of their school you will see many young
trees growing. There are very few trees on the plains, and far
more are needed.</p>
<p>8. On one day in each year the children make holiday, and
plant trees in the school grounds. The teacher tells them that
when they grow up they must plant trees on their farms.</p>
<p>9. Harvest is the busiest time of the year. Then the
children rise at half-past four, and work all day long in the
fields. Every one who can work at all must do so at harvest
time.</p>
<p>10. There is also plenty of work to be done in the autumn.
Everything needed in the house must be brought in before the
snow begins to fall.</p>
<p class="pic">11. Winter is the real holiday time. No work can
then be done on the land. The rivers and lakes are frozen, and
everywhere there is plenty of skating. The wheels are taken off
the carriages, and runners are put on instead. Horses draw them
very swiftly over the frozen snow.</p><a name="Photo25-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 390px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo25-1.jpg"
width="350"
height="472"
alt="">
<p class="caption">BOYS OF CANADA IN WINTER.</p>
</div>
<p>12. Look at the picture post-card which I send you with this
letter. It shows you how Canadian boys are dressed in winter.
On the ground you see a pair of snow-shoes. The boys can travel
very quickly on these snow-shoes without sinking into the
snow.</p>
<p>13. In the picture you also see a toboggan. It is a small
sledge. The boy drags his toboggan up to the top of a hill. He
seats himself on it and pushes off. Away he goes over the
frozen snow like an arrow from a bow. It is splendid fun.</p>
<p>14. Those boys and girls whose homes are in towns live very
much as you do. They go to school, and they play in the streets
and parks. When summer comes many of them go to the seaside or
to the lakeside for a holiday.</p>
<p>15. Sometimes a whole family goes camping in the woods. They
then live in tents or in little huts by the side of a river or
a lake. What happy times the children have! They go fishing,
they bathe, and they dart to and fro in canoes.</p>
<p>16. Most of the young folks of Canada are strong and
healthy. They are happy and bright, and they are not afraid of
work. No children are more useful to their parents than the
boys and girls of Canada.</p><a name="c26"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L26">26. THE RED
MEN.</a></h2><a name="Photo26-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 640px; margin-top: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo26-1.jpg"
width="600"
height="419"
alt="">
<p class="caption">Red Men and White Men.<br>
(<i>From the picture by Cyrus Cuneo, R.I. By kind
permission of the C.P.R. Co.</i>)</p>
</div>
<p>1. Tom will not forgive me unless I tell you something about
the Red men of America. He has often asked me about the picture
of Red men which is in my room at home.</p>
<div class="figure2r"
style="clear: left;">
<img src="illustrations/Fig26-1ed.png"
width="375"
height="453"
alt="">
</div>
<p>2. In the old days, before white men settled in America, the
Red men were masters of the land. They were tall and strong,
and their skin was of a dark copper colour. Their eyes were jet
black, and their hair was long and straight.</p>
<p>3. They wore very little clothing, even though the winters
in North America are very cold. From the time when they were
babies they were trained to bear heat and cold, hunger, thirst,
and pain without grumbling.</p>
<p>4. When the white men landed in America, the villages of the
Red men were to be found all over the country. Each of these
villages was the home of a tribe. The houses were tents made of
skin or huts made of wood.</p>
<p>5. The women or squaws did all the hard work. They planted
and tilled the fields, cooked the food, and made the clothes.
The babies were put into little bark cradles, which were
sometimes hung from the branches of trees, and were rocked to
and fro by the wind.</p>
<p>6. The Red men were nearly always at war, either amongst
themselves or against the white men. In battle they were very
crafty and skilful. Those who fell into their hands were
sometimes treated very cruelly.</p>
<p>7. Before the Red men went on the "warpath" they painted
their faces, so as to frighten their foes. Then they took up
their bows and hatchets, and, following their leader, strode
silently away.</p>
<p>8. The Red men did not care to fight in the open. They
always tried to catch their foes asleep or to take them by
surprise.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig26-2ed.png"
width="400"
height="434"
alt="">
</div>
<p>9. In those days the land was full of deer and other wild
animals. On the great plains where the wheat now grows huge
herds of bison used to feed.</p>
<p>10. The Red men hunted the bison on their swift little
ponies. When they were close to the animals they shot at them
with arrows. If the arrows missed their mark, the Red men
killed the bison with their knives.</p>
<p>11. When the white men came they hunted the bison with guns,
and soon killed them off. Only a few bisons remain, and these
are now kept in parks.</p>
<p>12. There are not many Red men left in North America. Most
of them have died off. Many of those who now remain have given
up their old way of living.</p><a name="c27"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L27">27. THE
ESKIMOS.</a></h2><a name="Photo27-1"></a>
<div class="figure1"
style="width: 440px; margin-top: 0;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo27-1.jpg"
width="400"
height="611"
alt="">
<p class="caption">Amongst the Eskimos.</p>
</div>
<p>1. Here is another picture for you. Look at it carefully. It
shows you the people who live in the far north of Canada. They
are called Eskimos.</p>
<p>2. In the upper part of the picture you see a man on a
sledge. He is dressed in furs, and has fur gloves on his hands.
His head and ears are covered with a hood. In the far north of
Canada the cold is so bitter in winter that men's hands and
ears would be frost-bitten if they were not kept warm in this
way.</p>
<p>3. In winter the sea and the land are thickly frozen over.
The whole country is covered with ice and snow. The Eskimo has
to travel over the ice to get from place to place. He uses a
sledge drawn by dogs. There is a team of dogs in the upper part
of the picture.</p>
<p>4. Sometimes the sledge is overturned, and the men and dogs
are thrown into deep, wide cracks in the ice. Sometimes fierce
storms arise, and men and dogs perish together. Sometimes food
runs short, and they die of hunger.</p>
<p>5. In the middle part of the picture you see a tent. The
Eskimos can only live in tents during the short summers; during
the long dark winters they live in huts. The walls are made of
stones and sods. The roof is of wood which has drifted to their
shores. You must remember that no trees will grow in these very
cold lands.</p>
<p>6. Some Eskimos make their winter houses of blocks of snow,
with sheets of ice for the windows. Perhaps you shiver at the
thought of living in a snow house, but you need not do so.</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig27-1ed.png"
width="425"
height="239"
alt="">
</div>
<p>7. Really, a snow house is quite a snug home. The snow keeps
in the heat of the house, just as a blanket keeps in the heat
of your body. Perhaps you know that it is the blanket of snow
spread over the ground in winter which keeps the roots of the
plants from being frozen.</p>
<p>8. When summer comes, the snow and ice melt along the edge
of the sea. Then the Eskimo leaves his winter quarters for the
seashore.</p>
<p>9. The sea-shores of these very cold lands abound in bears,
seals, foxes, and other wild animals. The sea is full of fish,
and millions of gulls, geese, and other birds fly north for the
summer.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig27-2ed.png"
width="375"
height="182"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. When a boy is ten years of age his father gives him a
bow and arrows and a canoe. Then he thinks himself a man
indeed. In the lower part of the picture you see a man in an
Eskimo canoe. He is going to hunt seals and small whales.</p>
<p>11. Now I must bring this long letter to a close. I shall
write you one more before I start for home. I am eager to see
you all again.—Your loving FATHER.</p><a name="c28"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L28">28. FATHER'S LAST
LETTER.</a></h2>
<p>1. MY DEAR CHILDREN,—This is the last letter which I
shall write to you from abroad. I hope to sail for home in a
week's time. I shall send you a telegram to tell you when I
shall arrive. You must all come to the station to meet me.</p>
<p>2. Look at the globe and find North America. The northern
half is called Canada, and the southern half is called the
United States. I am now in New York, the largest city of the
United States.</p>
<p>3. The people of the United States speak English. The
forefathers of many of them came from our islands. But the
United States do not belong to Britain. Their flag is not the
Union Jack, but the Stars and Stripes.</p>
<p>4. This morning at breakfast a black man waited upon me. His
skin was very dark, his lips were thick, and his hair was short
and curly.</p>
<p>5. Are you not surprised to hear that there are black men in
America? There are thousands of them in New York. In the
southern part of the United States there are more black men
than white men.</p>
<p>6. Most of the black men live in the hot part of the United
States, where cotton and sugar are grown. White people cannot
work in the cotton or sugar fields, because the sun is too hot
for them.</p>
<p>7. The black people who live in the United States were born
in America. They have never known any other land. America,
however, is not their real home. They really belong to
Africa.</p>
<p>8. How is it that we now find them in America? When the
white men of America began to grow cotton and sugar, they
needed black men to work in the fields. Men called "slavers"
went to Africa in ships. They landed and pushed inland. When
they came to villages they seized the people and drove them off
to the ships.</p>
<p>9. The poor blacks, who were thus dragged from their home
and kindred, were thrust into the holds of ships and carried to
America. Sometimes they suffered much on the voyage. The
weakest of them died, and were thrown overboard.</p>
<p>10. When they reached America they were sold to the
cotton-growers and sugar-growers, who carried them off to work
in the fields. Sometimes they were kindly treated; sometimes
they were flogged to make them work. But whether kindly or
cruelly treated, they were no longer men and women, but
slaves.</p>
<p>11. This went on for many years. At last some kind-hearted
men in the northern states said, "It is wicked to own slaves.
All the slaves in America shall be set free."</p>
<div class="figure1r"
style="width: 490px;">
<img src="illustrations/Photo28-1.jpg"
width="450"
height="181"
alt="">
</div>
<p>12. The farmers of the south were very angry when they heard
this, and said that they would not free their slaves. Then a
fierce war broke out. The North beat the South, and when the
war came to an end all the slaves in America were set free.</p>
<p>13. The blacks still work in the cotton and sugar and
tobacco fields; but they now work for wages, just as I do. They
are free to come and go as they please.</p>
<p>14. The darkies are very merry and full of fun. When their
work is over they love to sing and dance to the music of the
banjo. Some of their songs are very pretty. I will sing some of
them to you when I come home. Good-bye, dears. I shall soon be
with you now.—Your loving FATHER.</p><a name="c29"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2><a href="#L29">29. HOME AGAIN.</a></h2>
<p>1. The telegram came soon after breakfast. Father was coming
home that very day. We were so delighted that we sang and
danced and clapped our hands, just like the darkies.</p>
<p>2. Mother was very busy. "You must all come and help me,"
she said. "The house must be made beautiful for father's
return."</p>
<p>3. May and I worked with mother, but the day passed very
slowly. Father's train was to arrive at six o'clock. By
half-past five we were all at the station waiting for him.</p>
<div class="figure2l">
<img src="illustrations/Fig29-1ed.png"
width="250"
height="321"
alt="">
</div>
<p>4. At last the train steamed in, and out jumped father. Oh,
how we hugged and kissed him! Father was well, and he looked
very brown.</p>
<p>5. I sat next to him in the cab. He told us that his ship
had only reached Liverpool that morning. He had taken the first
train for home, because he wished to see us so much.</p>
<p>6. After tea he opened one of his boxes. "I have brought
each of you a present," he said. "Sit down, and I will show you
some pretty things."</p>
<p>7. Mother's present was a dress from India. It had gold and
beetles' wings on it. They were a lovely shiny green, just like
jewels.</p>
<p>8. My present was a necklace of beautiful blue stones. May's
was a dolly, dressed just like an Indian lady. Tom's was a kite
from Japan. It was shaped just like a dragon. Of course, we
were all delighted with our gifts.</p>
<p>9. Then father told us many things about his travels. "I
have been right round the world," he said. "I sailed to the
East, and I went on and on until I returned to the place from
which I set out."</p>
<p>"I know," cried Tom. "I have followed you all round the
world on the globe."</p>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/Fig29-2ed.png"
width="425"
height="286"
alt="">
</div>
<p>10. May was sitting on father's knee. "Dad," she said, "I
suppose you are the very first man who has ever been right
round the world." "Of course he is," said Tom.</p>
<p>11. Father laughed. "No, my dear," he replied; "thousands of
men had been round the world before I was born."</p>
<p>12. "I'm so sorry," said May. "I did so want to tell the
girls at school that my father was the very first man who ever
went round the world."</p><a name="Exercises"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h2>EXERCISES.</h2>
<h3>(<i>To be worked under the direction of the
teacher</i>)</h3><a name="L1"></a>
<hr class="chapter">
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c1">Lesson 1.</a></h3>
<p>1. The father travelled by train. In what other ways might
he have travelled? Which is the fastest way? Which is the
slowest?</p>
<p>2. What power drives the train? What other work does this
power do?</p>
<p>3. Look carefully at the <a href="#PhotoF-1">first
picture</a> in this book. Describe it.</p>
<p>4. Learn: <i>A globe is a small model of the earth.</i> Of
what shape is the earth? Of what shape are the sun, moon, and
stars?</p><a name="L2"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c2">Lesson 2.</a></h3>
<p>1. The name of the town on the seashore (<a href=
"#c2p2">par. 2</a>) is Dover. Turn to the picture on
<a href="#Photo02-1">page 11</a> and describe the cliffs of
Dover as seen from the sea.</p>
<p>2. The distance between Dover and Calais is only twenty-one
miles. Learn: <i>A narrow passage of water joining two seas is
called a strait.</i> The word <i>strait</i> means "narrow."
This strait is called the Strait of Dover.</p>
<p>3. Model the Strait of Dover in clay or plasticine. Suppose
the water between England and France were to dry up, what would
the strait be then? Write out and learn: <i>A valley is a
hollow between hills or mountains.</i></p><a name="L3"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c3">Lesson 3.</a></h3>
<p>1. The river which runs through Paris is called the Seine.
The river which runs through London is called the Thames.
Learn: <i>A river is a large stream of fresh water flowing
across the land to join another river, a lake, or the
sea.</i></p>
<p>2. Look carefully at the picture on <a href=
"#Photo03-1">page 14</a> and describe it.</p>
<p>3. Compare French boys with English boys. Compare French
girls with English girls.</p><a name="L4"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c4">Lesson 4.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE04ed.png"
width="325"
height="204"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Look carefully at the picture on <a href=
"#Photo04-1">page 18</a> and describe it.</p>
<p>2. Copy this little drawing of the silkworm and the mulberry
leaf.</p>
<p>3. Why do flowers bloom earlier in the south of France than
in England?</p>
<p>4. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo04-2">page
20</a>.</p><a name="L5"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c5">Lesson 5.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE05ed.png"
width="175"
height="375"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. The Nile carries much mud in its waters. If there is a
stream near your school, go to it and get a bottleful of water.
Let this water stand for a time and notice the mud which
settles down. Where does this mud come from?</p>
<p>2. Copy this little drawing of a palm tree. The Arabs say
that the palm tree loves to have its foot in the water and its
head in the fire. What do you think this saying means?</p>
<p>3. Look at the picture on <a href="#Photo05-1">page 23</a>.
What animals do you see in the picture? Tell me something about
each of them.</p><a name="L6"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c6">Lesson 6.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE06ed.png"
width="350"
height="137"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Copy this little drawing of two of the oldest buildings
in Egypt. Such buildings are called <i>pyramids</i>. Write out
this word six times. You will see pyramids in the picture on
<a href="#Photo05-1">page 23</a>. Of what shape is the ground
on which a pyramid stands? Make a <i>ground plan</i> of a
pyramid.</p>
<p>2. How do we know what the men of Egypt were like in olden
times?</p>
<p>3. The picture on <a href="#Photo05-2">page 25</a> shows you
a street in Cairo, the chief town of Egypt. Describe the
picture.</p><a name="L7"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c7">Lesson 7.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE07ed.png"
width="275"
height="376"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Write out and learn: <i>A long deep ditch filled with
water is called a canal.</i> Model a canal in clay or
plasticine. What is the difference between a canal and a
strait?</p>
<p>2. Copy this little drawing of a lighthouse. Write out and
learn: <i>A lighthouse is a tower near the sea. It shows a
bright light at night to warn sailors of rocks or shallow
places.</i></p>
<p>3. Why does a big ship "go slow" through the Suez
Canal?</p><a name="L8"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c8">Lesson 8.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE08ed.png"
width="500"
height="105"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Write out and learn: <i>A desert is a rainless tract of
country on which little or nothing will grow.</i> How can a
desert be turned into a garden?</p>
<p>2. Copy this little drawing of an Arab tent. Why do the
Arabs who wander from place to place live in tents?</p>
<p>3. Write out and learn: <i>A green spot in a desert is
called an oasis.</i> Several of these green spots are called
<i>oases</i>.</p><a name="L9"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c9">Lesson 9.</a></h3>
<p>1. The palm is said to have as many uses as there are days
in the year. Name some of these uses.</p>
<p>2. Why is the camel called the "ship of the desert"?</p>
<p>3. Go to a sand heap. Stand on it; you sink in. Put a piece
of board on the sand and stand on it; the board does not sink
in much. Now turn to the picture on <a href="#Photo25-1">page
105</a>. You will see a pair of snow-shoes on the snow. A boy's
foot will sink into the snow. When he stands on the snow-shoes
he does not sink in. Find out why. Notice the camel's foot, and
tell me why it does not sink into the sand.</p><a name=
"L10"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c10">Lesson 10.</a></h3>
<p>1. In what ways do the people of Bombay differ from the
people of your town or village?</p>
<p>2. Why are the people of hot lands dark in colour?</p>
<p>3. Look at the picture on <a href="#Photo11-1">page 47</a>.
Describe it.</p><a name="L11"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c11">Lesson 11.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE11ed.png"
width="300"
height="285"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. What is the difference between our shops and the shops of
Bombay?</p>
<p>2. How do Indian boys play at marbles?</p>
<p>3. Copy this drawing of the Union Jack. Colour it with
chalks.</p><a name="L12"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c12">Lesson 12.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE12ed.png"
width="325"
height="231"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. With a pair of scissors cut out a square of paper. Fold
it into two; then into four; then into eight, and lastly into
sixteen. Open out the paper. If the whole square stands for the
size of India, one of the small squares will stand for the size
of our land.</p>
<p>2. Copy this drawing of a punkah. What is the use of a
punkah?</p>
<p>3. Suppose you forget to water your plants, what happens?
Suppose you water them too much, what
happens?</p><a name="L13"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c13">Lesson 13.</a></h3>
<p>1. Write out and learn: <i>A mountain is land which rises
high above the level of the country round about it. A row of
mountains joined together by high ground is called a mountain
range or chain.</i></p>
<p>2. Write out the following:—"Some mountains may be
called water savings banks. The rain freezes as it falls and
becomes snow. On very high mountains this snow never melts. It
gets deeper and deeper, and the lower part turns into ice. This
ice creeps slowly down the mountain side until it comes into
air that is warm enough to melt it. The water which flows away
from the ice forms a river. Many large rivers begin in melting
ice-fields."</p>
<p>3. Describe the picture on <a href="#Fig13-2">page
55</a>.</p><a name="L14"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c14">Lesson 14.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE14ed.png"
width="550"
height="146"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Make a copy of this little drawing. It shows you a
palanquin—that is, a box carried on poles. Rich ladies
are carried from place to place in India in palanquins of this
kind.</p>
<p>2. Compare the life of a rich Indian girl with that of our
girls.</p>
<p>3. "They sang 'God Save the King' for me." Who is their
king? Have the people of India ever seen him?</p><a name=
"L15"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c15">Lesson 15.</a></h3>
<p>1. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo15-1">page
61</a>.</p>
<p>2. Describe an elephant. Of what use is he?</p>
<p>3. Tell me what you know of tigers. How are tigers
hunted?</p><a name="L16"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c16">Lesson 16.</a></h3>
<p>1. In what way does a Burmese girl differ from an Indian
girl?</p>
<p>2. Copy the drawing of a Burmese girl on <a href=
"#Fig16-1">page 66</a>.</p>
<p>3. Write out the following: "The Burmese alphabet is very
hard to learn. Dull boys often take a year to learn it. In the
monks' schools the lazy boys are sometimes punished by being
made to carry the hard-working boys on their backs up and down
the schoolroom."</p><a name="L17"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c17">Lesson 17.</a></h3>
<p>1. What is the difference between Burmese football and
British football?</p>
<p>2. Describe the picture on <a href="#Fig16-3">page
68</a>.</p>
<p>3. Write out the following: "Rice is a grass on which many
seeds grow. These seeds are eaten. Rice will only grow in wet
ground. The fields are flooded with water, and then the
rice-shoots are planted. The fields must be kept flooded until
the rice is ripe. In India, men sometimes gather the rice in
small boats."</p><a name="L18"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c18">Lesson 18.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE18ed.png"
width="450"
height="216"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Copy this little drawing of a rickshaw.</p>
<p>2. Write out the following: "Tea is the name given to the
dried leaves and young shoots of the tea-plant. This plant is a
large evergreen shrub. It grows on the hillsides of Ceylon, and
in many other places in the East. When the leaves are picked,
they are spread out in trays until they wither; then they are
rolled. Wet cloths are next placed over the leaves, and they
are put in a cool dark place, until they rot a little. The
leaves are then dried over a fire, and after cooling are packed
in air-tight chests. They are then sent to our country."</p>
<p>3. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo18-1">page
75</a>.</p><a name="L19"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c19">Lesson 19.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE19ed.png"
width="425"
height="181"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Old cities have walls round them. Why were these walls
built? Why are they of no use now?</p>
<p>2. Copy this drawing of a Chinese wheelbarrow.</p>
<p>3. Why do the Chinese paint an eye on the bows of their
boats?</p><a name="L20"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c20">Lesson 20.</a></h3>
<p>1. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo19-1">page
78</a>.</p>
<p>2. Say what you know about a Chinese school.</p>
<p>3. How can you tell a Chinaman when you see
him?</p><a name="L21"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c21">Lesson 21.</a></h3>
<p>1. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo21-1">page
88</a>.</p>
<p>2. In what ways do Chinese girls differ from British
girls?</p>
<p>3. Write out the following: "The Great Wall of China is the
longest wall in the world. It was built about two thousand
years ago, and was meant to shut out the wild tribes which were
then trying to conquer China. The wall is more than twice as
long as the island of Great Britain. It is built of stone and
earth, and is so broad that four horses can be driven on it
abreast. The wall is now in ruins."</p><a name="L22"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c22">Lesson 22.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE22ed.png"
width="400"
height="128"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Write out and learn: <i>An island is land with water all
round it. People can only reach an island by sailing to it in a
boat or by crossing a bridge.</i> A small island is called an
<i>islet</i>.</p>
<p>2. Model an island in clay or plasticine. Suppose the water
round an island were to dry up, what would the island be
then?</p>
<p>3. Copy this little drawing. It shows you the sacred
mountain of Japan.</p>
<p>4. Write out and learn: <i>A volcano is a hole in the ground
out of which steam, ashes, mud, and melted rock are thrown. An
earthquake is a shaking or tearing apart of the
ground.</i></p><a name="L23"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c23">Lesson 23.</a></h3>
<p>1. Which should you prefer to be—a boy or a girl (1)
in Japan, (2) in India?</p>
<p>2. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo23-1">page
90</a>.</p>
<p>3. Try to make a drawing of a kite just after its string has
been cut by the glass on the string of another
kite.</p><a name="L24"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c24">Lesson 24.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE24ed.png"
width="425"
height="149"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Write out and learn: <i>A plain is a wide tract of
low-lying and nearly level country. A high plain is called a
plateau.</i></p>
<p>2. Copy this drawing of a salmon. What do you know about
salmon?</p>
<p>3. Which should you like to do best—till the fields,
cut down trees, or catch salmon? Say why.</p><a name="L25"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c25">Lesson 25.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE25ed.png"
width="475"
height="125"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo25-1">page
105</a>. Why do the boys cover up their ears?</p>
<p>2. What sports do these boys enjoy in winter?</p>
<p>3. Copy this drawing of a canoe.</p><a name="L26"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c26">Lesson 26.</a></h3>
<div class="figure2r">
<img src="illustrations/FigE26ed.png"
width="300"
height="277"
alt="">
</div>
<p>1. Copy this little drawing of a wigwam—that is, a Red
man's tent.</p>
<p>2. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo26-1">page
102</a>.</p>
<p>3. How did the Red men hunt the bison? What has become of
the bison?</p><a name="L27"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c27">Lesson 27.</a></h3>
<p>1. Look carefully at the picture on <a href=
"#Photo27-1">page 111</a>. Compare it with the picture on
<a href="#Photo08-1">page 35</a>.</p>
<p>2. Why are the Eskimos fishermen and hunters, and not
farmers?</p>
<p>3. How would you build a snow house? Would it be very cold
to live in? If not, why not?</p><a name="L28"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c28">Lesson 28.</a></h3>
<p>1. Describe the picture on <a href="#Photo26-1">page
102</a>.</p>
<p>2. Write out the following: "The cotton plant loves sun and
water, and will only grow in the hot, moist parts of the world.
It throws out flower stalks, at the end of which pods appear.
Inside the pods is a soft, white down, which is called cotton.
This is spun and woven into cloth."</p>
<p>3. What is the difference between cotton and
wool?</p><a name="L29"></a>
<hr>
<h3 class="lesson"><a href="#c29">Lesson 29.</a></h3>
<p>1. Look at a globe. Find a line running round the globe at
the thickest part. This is called the <i>Equator</i>, because
it divides the earth into two <i>equal</i> parts. The hottest
parts of the earth lie round about the Equator. The distance
round the earth at the Equator is 25,000 miles. A railway
train, running 50 miles an hour, and never stopping, would
require nearly three weeks for the journey. Find out whether
father's voyage was longer or shorter than this.</p>
<p>2. Measure with a band of paper the distance on the globe
from the Equator on one side to the Equator on the other. Find
half this distance and mark it on the globe. Then mark the same
distance on the other side of the Equator. The points which you
have marked are called the <i>Poles</i>. One is the <i>North
Pole</i>; the other is the <i>South Pole</i>.</p>
<p>3. Learn: <i>We divide the land of the earth into five great
parts; each of these parts is called a continent. There are
five continents</i>—<i>Europe, Asia, Africa, America,
Australia. We divide the water of the earth into five great
parts. Each of these parts is called an ocean. There are five
oceans</i>—<i>Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and
Antarctic. The Arctic Ocean is round the North Pole; the
Antarctic Ocean is round the South Pole</i>.</p><br>
<br>
<pre>
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