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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11099 ***
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 11099-h.htm or 11099-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/0/9/11099/11099-h/11099-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/0/9/11099/11099-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR, ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+BEING, AN ACCOUNT OF
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+ABOUT BLACK SLAVES;
+A CONVERSATION ON HISTORY; AND
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+BY MISS JULIA CORNER.
+
+EMBELLISHED WITH SEVEN ELEGANT COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
+
+LONDON:
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH.]
+
+
+
+
+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR,
+ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. I.
+
+
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+
+You have heard a great deal about Charles in the Seeds of Useful
+Knowledge; perhaps you would like to hear a little more about him; for,
+as he was never tired of learning good things, I might fill many books,
+if I were to speak of every thing that his papa and mamma taught him.
+But I dare say all the boys and girls who read this, have kind parents
+or friends who teach them, as well as Charles's papa and mamma taught
+him; so I will only mention such things as they may not perhaps yet have
+heard.
+
+But first of all, I must tell you what Charles has been doing, since you
+heard of him last. He was now a year older than he was then, and he was
+also wiser, for he could write pretty well, and read without spelling
+the long words; he knew the multiplication table, and the pence table
+too; and could do sums in multiplication without a mistake, when he took
+pains; but sometimes, when he was careless, or in a hurry, the sums were
+wrong: however, I am happy to say that did not happen very often.
+Besides all these things, Charles learned grammar, and geography, and
+could decline many Latin nouns; which was very well for a little boy not
+quite seven years old. But of all his lessons he liked geography best,
+he liked to find out places in the maps, and to know whereabouts the
+different countries were that he heard people talk of; and then his papa
+was often kind to tell him amusing stories about the inhabitants of
+those countries, and he also told him what things are brought from them:
+for instance, Charles knew that tea grows in China, which is in Asia;
+and sugar in the West-Indies; that the rose-wood that his mamma's chairs
+and card tables were made of, grew in a country called Brazil in South
+America; and that the raisins in the plum-pudding on Christmas day, were
+dried grapes, and came from Spain.
+
+"Papa," said Charles one night, when he was, as usual, telling his papa
+what he had done in the course of the day,--"I wish I might learn more
+geography, instead of any grammar; I like it so much better: I like
+geography very much, but I do not like grammar at all."
+
+"What is your objection to grammar, Charles?" said his papa.
+
+"Oh, why--there is nothing amusing in it."
+
+"And do you not think there is some other reason for learning, besides
+being amused?"
+
+"Yes; I think we learn that we may grow wise; but I don't want to leave
+off learning, papa; I only want to learn something else, instead of
+grammar?"
+
+Mr. Barber laughed, and told Charles, that no other kind of knowledge
+would be of much use to him without grammar, since nothing else would
+teach him to speak or write like a gentleman.
+
+"Don't I speak like a gentleman now, papa?"
+
+"You speak pretty well for a little boy, my dear; but you often make
+mistakes, which we think nothing of now, because we know that when you
+have learnt a little more grammar, you will know better; but if you were
+to make such mistakes when you are a man, you would be thought an
+ignorant person, and not be treated with respect."
+
+"Can you tell me of any mistakes I make now papa?"
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY.]
+
+"Oh yes, I think I could very soon tell you of a great many. Just now,
+when you were standing at the window, I heard you say,--'There goes two
+white horses!' now that was a very great blunder, Charles."
+
+"Was it, papa;--why?"
+
+"Because it showed that you did not know the difference between singular
+and plural."
+
+"But I do know the difference--singular means one thing, and plural
+means more than one."
+
+"Exactly, so now try to find out the blunder."
+
+Charles repeated the words two or three times, "there goes two white
+horses;" but he could not find out what was wrong, and after puzzling
+for a long while, he was obliged to give it up, and his papa
+said,--"Suppose you had been talking about those horses before you saw
+them go by, should you have said, 'there they goes?'" "No," said Charles.
+
+"I should have said--'there they go.'"
+
+"And why should you have said so?"
+
+"Because it is not right to say--'there they goes'; nobody says so, but
+very ignorant people indeed; I heard the butcher's boy say so one day;
+but then, you know, he is a poor ignorant boy and I dare say has never
+learnt any thing."
+
+"How did you know that he was an ignorant boy, Charles?"
+
+"I knew it by his speaking wrong, papa."
+
+"Then you see it was true what I told you that if you speak wrong,
+people will directly think you are an ignorant person, as you thought
+the butcher's boy."
+
+"But I should never say, 'there they goes,'" said Charles, "I know
+better than that."
+
+"Ah, Charles," said his papa, "you must learn a little more grammar, and
+then you will know that you made exactly the same blunder as the
+butcher's boy, when you said, 'there _goes_ two white horses,' you
+should have said, 'there _go_ two white horses.'"
+
+"Should I? I did not know that," said Charles.
+
+"Which shews how necessary it is, that you should learn grammar, my
+boy, and then you will know that go is plural, and goes is singular, so
+that if you are speaking of more than one horse, it is proper to say go,
+because we say, 'they go;' but if you are speaking of only one, it is
+proper to say goes, because we should say, 'he goes.'"
+
+"Thank you, papa, I think I shall remember that, and I will not wish to
+leave off grammar, for I see that geography would not teach me to speak
+properly; and I should not like to be thought an ignorant man when I
+grow up."
+
+"I hope not, my dear, and I also hope there is no danger of such a
+misfortune, for you have a great many years to learn in; and if you make
+good use of them, you will know a great deal by the time you are
+twenty."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I will learn as much as I can every day."
+
+"A very good resolution," said his papa; "education is one of the best
+things in the world. I will tell you an entertaining story on this very
+subject."
+
+"Do, papa, I should like to hear it very much; I am so fond of stories."
+
+"But this is a true one, Charles, which makes it all the better. You
+have seen in your map of America, a country called Peru?"
+
+"Yes," answered Charles; "I saw it this morning, when I was saying my
+geography lesson to mamma; I had to say all the countries in South
+America, and Peru was one of them."
+
+"Well, this country was once governed by a king who was called an Inca,
+and his name was Atabalipa; but although he was a king, he knew neither
+how to read nor write, for reading and writing were arts that were not
+known in America at that time."
+
+"What are arts, papa?"
+
+"Arts are those things which men have taught themselves to do by their
+own skill and invention; making tables and chairs, is an art; Printing
+is an art, and a very clever art it is; building is an art; and reading
+and writing are arts; but at the time I am speaking of, there were very
+few arts known in America, for it was mostly inhabited by savages; and
+even in Peru, where they were not savages, they were quite ignorant;
+they had no books, and would not have known how to read them if they
+had, and they thought they were the only people in the world besides the
+savages."
+
+"Then, I dare say, they thought themselves very clever fellows," said
+Charles, "for all they could not read or write; for you know, papa, if
+they thought there was nobody in the world but them and the savages,
+they would not know there were any people cleverer than themselves."
+
+"No, I have no doubt they were quite satisfied with themselves, my dear,
+and not without reason, for they had taught themselves many useful
+things; but at last they found out that there were people in the world
+who were cleverer than they were as you shall hear. There was a Spanish
+soldier, named Pizarro, who happened to hear that there was a great deal
+of gold and silver to be found in Peru; so he thought he would go there,
+and try if he could not make himself rich. Pizarro was a fierce, cruel
+man, but he had been brought up in total ignorance; for his mother was a
+very poor woman, and could not afford to send him to school, therefore
+he had never learned to read or write. However he could fight, and so he
+took a number of other soldiers with him, and went to Peru, where the
+people were so surprised at the sight of him and his men, who were not
+like any men they had seen before, that they were afraid; therefore the
+Spaniards very easily conquered them, and robbed them of their gold, and
+at last took the Inca prisoner, and kept him confined in a small room,
+where he would have been very unhappy; but that he was very much amused,
+by observing how many things the Spaniards knew that he had never before
+heard of.
+
+"He was astonished to see that they could tell the hour of the day by
+their watches, and thought the Europeans must be very wonderful people
+indeed, to make such clever things; but what pleased him more than all,
+was the art of writing. He could not imagine how one person could know
+what another meant by looking at a few black marks, and he thought that
+men who could do this, must be far superior to the Peruvians, and
+therefore felt a respect even for the common soldiers who guarded him;
+for he saw that they had more knowledge than he had, although a king.
+
+"Now Pizarro was the general of the soldiers, and of course the greatest
+man among them; and he had also become very rich by conquering the
+Peruvians, and plundering their towns, that is, taking away all the gold
+and silver he found: and Atabalipa supposed that, as he was the chief of
+the Spaniards, he must be the cleverest of them too; but one day he
+happened to find out by accident, that Pizarro could neither read nor
+write, and this discovery made him think so meanly of his conqueror,
+that from that moment he treated him with great contempt, saying that
+Pizarro, though a general, could not be a person of any consequence in
+his own country; since his common soldiers were better taught than
+himself."
+
+"Thank you, papa," said Charles, "that is just such a story as I like,
+and I see that it is of no use to be rich and great, if we are not wise
+also."
+
+[Illustration: THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+
+BLACK SLAVES.
+
+Charles used to go every fine day after his lessons were finished, to
+play in the square gardens; and as all the other boys whose parents
+lived in the square went there too, he had several friends, and amongst
+them one a little older than himself, named Peter Ross, whom he liked
+better than any of the rest.
+
+Peter was not an English boy, he was a West-Indian: his father and
+mother lived in Jamaica, but they had sent him to England to be
+educated, so he lived with his uncle in Euston-square, and went every
+day to the London University school. Charles was very fond of talking
+to Peter, because Peter told about the slaves that worked on his
+father's plantations, for his father was a sugar planter, and had a
+large estate in Jamaica, so he was obliged to keep a great many negro
+slaves, for all the plantations in the West-Indies, are cultivated by
+negroes.
+
+"I wish I had a slave," said Charles to his papa one evening, after he
+had been playing with Peter. "Do you know, papa, when Peter was at home
+in the West-Indies, he had a slave of his own, a black boy, to wait upon
+him, and do every thing he wanted; and Peter was his master, and he was
+not older, then, than I am. What a nice thing it must be to have a slave
+of one's own; I should get him to carry my kite, and my hoop and stick,
+when I don't want to bowl it, and mend my toys when I break them, and do
+a great many things for me. He could move my rocking horse, and that
+great wooden box where I keep my bats and balls, for it is too heavy for
+me to lift myself, and I often want it moved: really a slave would be
+very useful to me, papa."
+
+Mr. Barker could not help laughing at Charles's idea of the usefulness
+of a slave, and asked him if he knew exactly what slaves were.
+
+"Yes," replied Charles; "they are black people."
+
+"A great many slaves are black, certainly," said his papa, "but is not
+being black, that makes a man a slave, and there have been many
+unfortunate white people sold for slaves, as well as the poor blacks."
+
+"Sold!" said Charles, "what, do they sell people, I never heard of that
+before."
+
+"Then I will tell you now, my dear, and I think you will never again
+wish to have a slave. When America was first discovered, which is about
+three hundred and fifty years ago, there were many gold mines found in
+the West-Indies, all the mountains contained a vast quantity of gold,
+but it was very hard work to dig for it, and the natives of the country,
+who were savages, were not strong, and had never been used to work; so
+that the Spaniards who had discovered the country, could not get as much
+gold as they wished, although they were cruel enough to force the poor
+savages to work in the mines, and chained them together; that they might
+not run away; poor creatures! they were much to be pitied, and numbers
+of them died every day, for they had not strength to bear such hard
+labour. So when the Spaniards found that the Indians could not do as
+much work as they wanted done, they employed sailors to go to Africa and
+bring them a number of black men from that country; for they knew the
+Africans were strong, and that they could make them work as hard as they
+pleased."
+
+"But why did the Africans go, papa?" said Charles, whose eyes were full
+of tears at this sad tale. "Why did they not send the sailors away
+again, and say they would not go with them?"
+
+"They most likely would have done so," replied his papa; "if they had
+known how they would be treated; but the sailors said they would take
+them to a fine country, where they would get plenty of food without any
+trouble, and live much better than they did in their own country; so the
+simple negroes believed them, and went on board their ships; but they
+soon found out how wrong they had been to trust these wicked men; for
+when they came to the place where they expected to be so happy, they
+were all sold as if they had been beasts, instead of men, and sent to
+work in the mines; where they led a very miserable life indeed, for the
+cruel masters who had bought them, did not care what they suffered, so
+long as they got plenty of gold.
+
+"This was the beginning of what is called the slave trade, and a
+dreadful trade it has been ever since; for when the captains of ships
+found how much money the Spaniards would give for negroes, they went
+again to Africa; and when the black men refused to go with them, they
+took them by force, and carried them on board the ships, where they
+tied them together, so that it was impossible for them to escape. You
+would think it a very hard case, Charles, if you were walking by the sea
+shore, and two or three men were to come and carry you away by force to
+a distant land, and sell you to somebody who would make you work hard
+for him all the rest of your life, and consider you as much his
+property, as if he had bought a horse or a dog."
+
+"But they would have no right to sell me," said Charles, "I do not
+belong to them."
+
+"Neither do those poor Africans belong to the men who sell them; they
+have as much right to be free and happy, as you or I have."
+
+"Then how is it, papa, that Peter's father has slaves? he is an
+Englishman."
+
+"Yes, Charles, I am sorry to say, that Englishmen, as well as Spaniards,
+have traded in slaves, for when some of the West-India islands came into
+the possession of the English, they found the negroes so useful, and
+made so much money by their labour, that they forgot how unjust it was
+to keep them in slavery. However, I am happy to say, that a law is now
+in operation which will soon set all the slaves free. In a very short
+time, the negroes will be at liberty like other working men; and the
+masters, instead of buying them, must hire them like servants, and pay
+them wages; and they will be able to leave their master if he does not
+treat them well, and get another place, as our servants do."
+
+"Ah, how glad I am," said Charles, "that will be a good thing for the
+poor blacks. I do not wish to have a slave now, papa; I would not have
+one for the world. But Peter's father's slaves do not work in the gold
+mines, they make sugar: why is that?"
+
+"Because there are no gold mines now in the West-Indies worth working,"
+said Mr. Barker; "the Spaniards took care to get all the gold there was,
+but people still make large fortunes there, by growing sugar; and there
+are still gold mines in other parts of America, where negro slaves
+work."
+
+"How does sugar grow?" enquired Charles.
+
+"It is made from the juice of reeds, called sugar canes," said his
+papa.--"A plantation of sugar canes is very pretty, they grow very high,
+and are of a beautiful gold colour, streaked with red; and at the top of
+this yellow cane are long green leaves, which hang down round it: but
+this is not all, for out of the midst of these leaves, there grows a
+long stem, like a thin silver wand; and at the top of it, is something
+that looks like a plume of white feathers, edged with lilac."
+
+"Oh, how beautiful!" exclaimed Charles:--"I should like to go to the
+West-Indies, if it was only to see a sugar plantation; but how do they
+get the sugar, papa?"
+
+"When the canes are ripe, Charles, the negroes cut them down, and tie
+them up in bundles, and carry them to a mill, where the juice is pressed
+out.
+
+"This juice is boiled several times in large coppers, and the coarse
+parts separated from the fine, which at last dries into sugar. It is all
+brown at first, or what you call moist sugar; but by mixing different
+things with it, and boiling it again in a particular manner, they can
+make lump sugar, and sugar candy; and this is done by the black slaves,
+who have been dragged away from their own country to be sold to the
+planters: so you see Charles, that even so simple a thing as a lump of
+sugar, is the cause of a vast deal of cruelty and injustice."
+
+[Illustration: Man (Drawing).]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+
+A VISIT TO THE THEATRE.
+
+Charles had never seen a play; but his papa and mamma had always
+promised him that when he was seven years old, they would take him to
+Covent-Garden Theatre, and as that time had now nearly come, he did not
+forget to remind them of their promise. His birth-day was the fifteenth
+of January, which was lucky, because they always perform pantomimes in
+the Christmas holidays, and he was very desirous of seeing harlequin and
+columbine, and the clown, as he had heard a great deal about them from
+his young friends in the square, who had been to see them. As the day
+approached, Charles could think of nothing but the play, and said he
+thought it would be the happiest day of his life; but his mamma told him
+she hoped he would have much greater cause to be happy many days of his
+life, than going to a theatre; however Charles did not think there could
+be any greater cause for happiness, and his mamma said, it was as well
+for him to think so: The night before his birth-day, he went to bed in
+high spirits, saying he was sure he should not be able to sleep all
+night; but that was a mistake, for he went to sleep almost directly; and
+did not wake till the morning.
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME.]
+
+As soon as he was dressed, he ran down stairs to breakfast, with a
+smiling face. "Here is the day come at last!" he said, "I am so glad
+mamma, I wish it was night; I am seven years old to-day."
+
+"Yes, my dear," said his mamma, "and I wish you many happy returns of
+the day."
+
+"Thank you, mamma, but I have a great favour to ask you."
+
+"What is it? Charles."
+
+"I am afraid you will not do it."
+
+"If it is any thing very unreasonable, perhaps I shall not," said his
+mamma; "but if it is not very unreasonable, I think, as it is your
+birth-day, I may venture to promise that I will do it."
+
+"Then this is it," said Charles; "Peter has never been to the play in
+his life, and he said yesterday, he should like to go with me; so I wish
+you would take him with us; he would be so pleased."
+
+"Well then, we will take him with us," said Mrs. Barker; "and I am glad
+to find that you think of other people's pleasure, as well as your own;
+it shows that you are not selfish."
+
+A message was then sent to Peter's uncle, who readily gave his consent,
+which made Charles happier than he was before.
+
+At six o'clock Peter came; and very much delighted he looked, as well
+he might, for he had not expected so great a pleasure; and then both the
+boys watched at the window for Mr. Barker, who had not yet come home;
+but he soon came, when they all got into a coach, and away they drove.
+
+The play was to be Macbeth, which Charles said was very fortunate,
+because he had read about him in 'Tales of a Grandfather,' but Peter had
+never read 'Tales of Grandfather,' nor any history of Scotland, so he
+did not know who Macbeth was, therefore Mr. Barker was kind enough to
+tell him the whole story as they went along; that he might be able to
+understand what he was going to see. Perhaps some other little boys
+would like to hear it too, so I will tell it.
+
+"There was once a king of Scotland, named Duncan, who was a good man,
+and much beloved by his subjects. This king had a cousin named Macbeth,
+who being the bravest general in Scotland, was employed by Duncan to
+fight all his battles for him, when he was too old to fight them
+himself; but Macbeth, although a brave man, was not a good man, and
+besides that, he had a very wicked wife, who wanted to be a queen, and
+therefore she tried to persuade her husband to kill Duncan, that he
+might be made king in his stead.
+
+"At this time the Danes, who came from Denmark, invaded Scotland; that
+is, they came there to fight the Scots, and try to conquer the country:
+but they were disappointed, for Macbeth went with a large army to the
+place where they had landed, and having killed a great number of them in
+a battle, he forced the rest to return to Denmark.
+
+"When Duncan heard that Macbeth had gained this victory, and driven his
+enemies out of Scotland, he was so much pleased, that he went, with his
+two sons, to pay him a visit at his castle; but he little thought, poor
+old man, what was going to happen, for in the middle of the night, when
+he was fast asleep, Macbeth went softly into his room, and killed him
+with a dagger. So in the morning, when it became known that the king was
+murdered, Macbeth pretended to be very much surprised and grieved at it,
+and although the people all thought he had done it himself, they were
+afraid to say so; and he was made king of Scotland. But wickedness is
+sure to be punished, as you shall hear; for the two young Princes,
+Malcolm and Donald Bane, as soon as they heard their father was dead,
+escaped from the castle, fearing that if they staid they might be killed
+too.
+
+"Now happened that at that very time there was in England a very good
+king, called Edward the Confessor, who was an enemy to all bad men;
+therefore the Scottish princes determined to go to his court, and tell
+him what Macbeth had done; for they did not doubt that when he heard of
+it, he would render them some assistance; and they were not mistaken.
+The English king declared that he would revenge the death of Duncan,
+and place Malcolm on the throne; so he sent a large army into Scotland,
+to fight for the young prince, and Macbeth was killed in a battle, which
+gave great joy to the people, who were very glad to have Malcolm for
+their king. All this happened nearly eight hundred years ago, and
+Malcolm, who is called in the history of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, was
+one of the best kings that ever reigned over that country."
+
+By the time Mr. Barker had finished this story they had arrived at the
+theatre, and were just seated in the front row of a box, as the curtain
+drew up. The two boys liked the play very much, although it made them
+rather dull; but they were merry enough when the pantomime began, for it
+was full of fun, from beginning to end, and Charles could not help
+exclaiming every now and then, "Oh, what capital fun!"
+
+He was very much astonished at the wonderful tricks performed by
+harlequin with his magic sword, for to those who have never seen a
+pantomime before, it must be rather surprising to see a wheelbarrow
+turned into a steam carriage, and an umbrella into an arm chair. But
+what amused Charles and Peter more than all the rest, was a large pie
+which was brought in and placed on a table, where the king and queen,
+with several lords and ladies were sitting at dinner, all seemingly very
+anxious to taste of this pie. But the moment it was cut, a whistling
+noise was heard, and a number of little birds hopped out of the pie, and
+flew away, leaving the dish quite empty, to the great amusement of all
+the boys and girls in the theatre, who laughed very loud indeed.
+
+But pleasure cannot last for ever. The pantomime was soon over, and as
+Charles went home, he said he should like to go to the play every night,
+all the rest of his life--"Ah, Charles,"--said his papa, "we are all apt
+to like what is new to us, but you will find out, my boy, that people
+get tired even of pleasure, if they have too much of it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+
+CONVERSATION ON HISTORY.
+
+On the morning after the play, Charles was thinking about the king of
+Scotland, and he asked his mamma why there was no king of Scotland now,
+as there used to be, and she told him that England and Scotland were now
+considered only as one kingdom, and called Great Britain.
+
+"Yes," said Charles, "I know that the queen of England is queen of
+Scotland too; but I want to know how it came to be so; because you see,
+mamma, that when Duncan was king of Scotland, there was a king of
+England as well."
+
+"Yes, my dear," and for five hundred years after Duncan was murdered,
+there were kings of Scotland and England also; but when Queen Elizabeth
+died, her nearest relation happened to be the king of Scotland, James
+the sixth; he was her cousin, and as she left neither brothers nor
+sisters, nor children, James became king of England as well as of his
+own country; and since that time there has been but one king to govern
+both kingdoms."
+
+"Thank you, mamma," said Charles, "I could not think how it was before;
+but do you think it is best to have one king or two?"
+
+"I think it is best to have but one, because, if you look at your map,
+you will see that England and Scotland together make one large island;
+and while they were separate kingdoms, they were frequently at war with
+each other."
+
+"What did they go to war for, mamma?"
+
+"I believe, Charles, the true cause generally was, that the English king
+thought he should like to have the whole island for himself; but what
+made the matter worse was, that as the people who were fighting against
+each other, all lived in the same island, it was almost as bad as a
+civil war."
+
+"What is a civil war, mamma?"
+
+"It is when the people of any country cannot agree among themselves, and
+so make war upon each other: there have been civil wars in all countries
+at different times; they are the most dreadful of all wars, because
+relations and friends are often fighting in battle against each other."
+
+"Oh, what a shocking thing!" said Charles; "But why do they do it mamma?
+I cannot think why people should fight battles with one another."
+
+"I will try to explain it, my dear: There is at present a civil war in
+Spain, because when the last king died, some of the people said that his
+daughter should be queen, and others said his brother should be king; so
+the daughter was placed on the throne and crowned; but the brother,
+whose name is Don Carlos, is very angry at this, because he thinks he
+has the greatest right to the crown; so he has persuaded all who are on
+his side, to go to war with all who are in favour of the queen,
+therefore the Spaniards are now fighting against each other."
+
+"Which do you think will win?" said Charles.
+
+"I cannot possibly say, my dear. But I wish to show you, Charles, the
+terrible consequences of a civil war. It may happen that fathers and
+sons are of different opinions, and that one fights for the queen, and
+the other for the king; and then it is possible that in battle the son
+may kill his father, or the father his son."
+
+"Oh, that would be shocking!" said Charles.
+
+"And yet it has sometimes happened," said his mamma; "there have been
+brothers too, who have fought against each other, and many persons who
+were friends before, have become the bitterest enemies."
+
+"Was there ever a civil war in England, mamma?"
+
+"Yes, my dear, more than once. The last was because many people thought
+they should like to have no king at all; I am going to buy you a little
+history of England, and then you will read about it."
+
+"I shall like to read about it," said Charles, "but what did the people
+do when they thought they should like to have no king?"
+
+"They said the king had done a great many things that were wrong, and so
+they put him in prison, and at last had his head cut off; do you know,
+Charles, which king it was who was beheaded?"
+
+"Yes, mamma; it was Charles the first."
+
+"Well, after Charles the first was beheaded, some of the people declared
+that his son should be king, and others said they would have no king at
+all, but that they would have somebody instead to manage the affairs of
+the country."
+
+"And I know who that was, mamma," said Charles, "it was Oliver Cromwell,
+I know he was not a king, but I did not understand how it was before."
+
+"And I suppose you also understand now, why this caused a civil war?"
+said his mamma.
+
+"Of course I do," replied Charles; "some people fought for the king, and
+some for Oliver Cromwell."
+
+"Yes," replied Mrs. Barker, "and for a long time the country was in a
+very unhappy state. The king was obliged to hide himself, for if he had
+been caught he would perhaps have been beheaded, as his poor father was.
+But at last he got away in a ship, and went to Holland, where he lived
+for some years; but at last his party was victorious, and he came back
+to England."
+
+"Then there was a king again," said Charles.
+
+[Illustration: CONVERSATIONS ON HISTORY: CHARLES IInd.]
+
+"Yes, then there was a king again, he was Charles the second; and now
+every year on the day that he returned, the bells ring, and the guns are
+fired, it is the 29th of May, and is called king Charles's restoration.
+When May comes, if you listen on that day, you will hear the bells
+ringing very merrily, and then you will know what it is for."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I am glad of that, I like to know things, I
+wish I knew the history of every country in the world."
+
+"It is a very good thing to know a great deal of history," said his
+mamma; "and the best way of gaining this knowledge, is to read with
+attention the books that have been written on purpose to teach little
+boys history; they are the best for you to read now; then, when you are
+older, you will be able to understand the large books that are in your
+papa's book-case, and you may become acquainted with the history of the
+whole world, if you like."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. V.
+
+
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+"Papa," said Charles, "I should like to know what a missionary is."
+
+"Your desire can very easily be gratified," replied his papa; "but what
+has made you think of missionaries just now?"
+
+"Because I read in the newspaper, this morning, that the day before
+yesterday there was a great crowd at St. Katharine's docks to take leave
+of a missionary who was going to one of the South Sea islands; and it
+said that a great deal of money had been given to him, and that when the
+ship began to sail, all the people waved their hats, and wished him
+success. Now I want to know what he was going for, and why every body
+was so glad?"
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD.]
+
+"Then I will tell you, Charles. Missionaries are good and religious men,
+who go out to different parts of the world, on purpose to benefit those
+poor ignorant creatures whom we call savages, by teaching them religion,
+and also such arts as they are capable of learning."
+
+"That is very kind of them," said Charles; "for it cannot be very
+pleasant to live among savages."
+
+"No, my dear; but these good men do not consider what is pleasant, they
+only consider what is right; and that is the proper way to think, is it
+not?"
+
+"Oh yes, papa, I know that we ought all to do what is right, whether it
+is pleasant or not."
+
+"Certainly, Charles, and in the end it is sure to be the most pleasant,
+because it is a great pleasure to know that we have done what is right.
+But we were talking of missionaries. For several hundred years the
+people of England and Germany, and other Christian countries, have
+considered it a part of their duty to teach the Christian religion in
+all parts of the world; for in many nations, Charles, they are so
+ignorant that instead of praying to God, they worship images, which they
+make themselves."
+
+"They are very wicked, then?" said Charles.
+
+"No, they are not wicked," replied his papa, "because they know no
+better; they do what they believe to be right; and as long as we do what
+we think is right, we cannot be wicked, although we may be mistaken."
+
+"Then the missionaries go to teach them better, I suppose?" said
+Charles.
+
+"Yes, my dear, these good men are so anxious to do good to their fellow
+creatures, that they do not mind the difficulties and dangers they meet
+with; and it is no easy matter I assure you Charles, for many of them
+have been cruelly murdered by the barbarians they were trying to
+instruct."
+
+"Poor men," said Charles, "how sorry I am for them; but why do any more
+of them go, papa, if they are so badly treated?"
+
+"Because though some have been unfortunate, others have done a great
+deal of good; for instance, the missionary you read about this morning,
+went out a great many years ago to some of the South Sea islands, which
+he found inhabited by savages who knew nothing, and lived more like wild
+beasts than men; but he contrived to make friends of them, and has
+taught them to build houses, cultivate the earth, build ships, and make
+many useful articles of furniture, and tools to dig and plant the
+ground; and although all these things are of a very rough kind, it is
+better than not knowing how to make them at all, you know."
+
+"To be sure it is," replied Charles; "besides, perhaps they will go on
+making them better and better, till at last they will make very good
+things indeed."
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD.]
+
+"Yes, my boy, that is the right way, not only with the savages, but with
+ourselves: When once we know the manner of doing a thing, we may then
+improve upon it as much as we can, the same as with your writing, each
+copy ought to be done better than the last."
+
+"But now you have not told me why they have given money to the
+missionary, papa."
+
+"Because he has come to England to buy clothes, tools, seeds, and other
+things for the use and improvement of the South Sea Islanders. The
+English people are always ready to assist in any good work; and so
+numbers of persons have given money, till it has amounted to several
+hundred pounds, which has enabled the good missionary to take back with
+him a large store of useful articles."
+
+"Well, that is an excellent plan," said Charles, "I should not wonder if
+these poor savages in time become very clever fellows, and make their
+island a capital place, and all through this good missionary."
+
+"Yes, Charles, so we see how much may be done by one person alone, if he
+will take the pains. But there is one thing that the missionary has
+taught the savages, which is better than all the rest; he has taught
+them to know that there is a God, who made the world, and all that is in
+it, and that those who love him, and keep his commandments, will be
+rewarded in the world to come."
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11099 ***
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at
+Charles., by Julia Corner</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+Title: More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at Charles.
+
+Author: Julia Corner
+
+Release Date: February 15, 2004  [eBook #11099]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR, ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.***
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Internet Archive;<br>
+            The Baldwin Library, University of Florida;<br>
+            and Andrea Ball and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<hr>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<a name="image-1"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="incas.jpg" width="225" height="289"
+alt="THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH" ></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>
+    The Baldwin Library<br />
+    University of Florida
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h1>MORE  SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;</h1>
+<h2>OR,  ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.</h2>
+
+<h2>BEING, AN ACCOUNT OF<br />
+    CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING;<br />
+    ABOUT BLACK SLAVES;<br />
+    A CONVERSATION ON HISTORY; AND<br />
+    MISSIONARIES.
+</h2>
+
+<h3>
+    BY MISS JULIA CORNER.
+</h3>
+<h3>
+    EMBELLISHED WITH SEVEN ELEGANT COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>
+    LONDON
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH1">CHAP.  I.</a></p>
+<h4>CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH2">CHAP. II.</a></p>
+<h4>BLACK SLAVES.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH3">CHAP. III.</a></p>
+<h4>A VISIT TO THE THEATER.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH4">CHAP. IV.</a></p>
+<h4>CONVERSATION ON HISTORY.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH5">CHAP. V.</a></p>
+<h4>MISSIONARIES.</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-1">
+    THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-2">
+    LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-3">
+    THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-4">
+   MAN (Drawing)
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-5">
+   LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-6">
+    CONVERSATIONS IN HISTORY. CHARLES IInd
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-7">
+    THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-8">
+    THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD
+</a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;<br >
+    OR,  ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+</h2>
+<a name="CH1"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. I.</h3>
+<h4>CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.</h4>
+<p>
+    You have heard a great deal about Charles in the Seeds of Useful
+    Knowledge; perhaps you would like to hear a little more about him; for,
+    as he was never tired of learning good things, I might fill many books,
+    if I were to speak of every thing that his papa and mamma taught him.
+    But I dare say all the boys and girls who read this, have kind parents
+    or friends who teach them, as well as Charles's papa and mamma taught
+    him; so I will only mention such things as they may not perhaps yet have
+    heard.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But first of all, I must tell you what Charles has been doing, since you
+    heard of him last. He was now a year older than he was then, and he was
+    also wiser, for he could write pretty well, and read without spelling
+    the long words; he knew the multiplication table, and the pence table
+    too; and could do sums in multiplication without a mistake, when he took
+    pains; but sometimes, when he was careless, or in a hurry, the sums were
+    wrong: however, I am happy to say that did not happen very often.
+    Besides all these things, Charles learned grammar, and geography, and
+    could decline many Latin nouns; which was very well for a little boy not
+    quite seven years old. But of all his lessons he liked geography best,
+    he liked to find out places in the maps, and to know whereabouts the
+    different countries were that he heard people talk of; and then his papa
+    was often kind to tell him amusing stories about the inhabitants of
+    those countries, and he also told him what things are brought from them:
+    for instance, Charles knew that tea grows in China, which is in Asia;
+    and sugar in the West-Indies; that the rose-wood that his mamma's chairs
+    and card tables were made of, grew in a country called Brazil in South
+    America; and that the raisins in the plum-pudding on Christmas day, were
+    dried grapes, and came from Spain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Papa," said Charles one night, when he was, as usual, telling his papa
+    what he had done in the course of the day,&mdash;"I wish I might learn more
+    geography, instead of any grammar; I like it so much better: I like
+    geography very much, but I do not like grammar at all."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is your objection to grammar, Charles?" said his papa.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, why&mdash;there is nothing amusing in it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And do you not think there is some other reason for learning, besides
+    being amused?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes; I think we learn that we may grow wise; but I don't want to leave
+    off learning, papa; I only want to learn something else, instead of
+    grammar?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Barber laughed, and told Charles, that no other kind of knowledge
+    would be of much use to him without grammar, since nothing else would
+    teach him to speak or write like a gentleman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Don't I speak like a gentleman now, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "You speak pretty well for a little boy, my dear; but you often make
+    mistakes, which we think nothing of now, because we know that when you
+    have learnt a little more grammar, you will know better; but if you were
+    to make such mistakes when you are a man, you would be thought an
+    ignorant person, and not be treated with respect."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Can you tell me of any mistakes I make now papa?"
+</p>
+<p class="ctr"><a name="image-2"></a>
+<img src="geography.jpg" width="289" height="382"
+alt="LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh yes, I think I could very soon tell you of a great many. Just now,
+    when you were standing at the window, I heard you say,&mdash;'There goes two
+    white horses!' now that was a very great blunder, Charles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Was it, papa;&mdash;why?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because it showed that you did not know the difference between singular
+    and plural."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But I do know the difference&mdash;singular means one thing, and plural
+    means more than one."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Exactly, so now try to find out the blunder."
+</p>
+<p>
+    Charles repeated the words two or three times, "there goes two white
+    horses;" but he could not find out what was wrong, and after puzzling
+    for a long while, he was obliged to give it up, and his papa
+    said,&mdash;"Suppose you had been talking about those horses before you saw
+    them go by, should you have said, 'there they goes?'" "No," said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I should have said&mdash;'there they go.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And why should you have said so?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because it is not right to say&mdash;'there they goes'; nobody says so, but
+    very ignorant people indeed; I heard the butcher's boy say so one day;
+    but then, you know, he is a poor ignorant boy and I dare say has never
+    learnt any thing."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "How did you know that he was an ignorant boy, Charles?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I knew it by his speaking wrong, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then you see it was true what I told you that if you speak wrong,
+    people will directly think you are an ignorant person, as you thought
+    the butcher's boy."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But I should never say, 'there they goes,'" said Charles, "I know
+    better than that."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Ah, Charles," said his papa, "you must learn a little more grammar, and
+    then you will know that you made exactly the same blunder as the
+    butcher's boy, when you said, 'there <i>goes</i> two white horses,' you
+    should have said, 'there <i>go</i> two white horses.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Should I? I did not know that," said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Which shews how necessary it is, that you should learn grammar, my
+    boy, and then you will know that go is plural, and goes is singular, so
+    that if you are speaking of more than one horse, it is proper to say go,
+    because we say, 'they go;' but if you are speaking of only one, it is
+    proper to say goes, because we should say, 'he goes.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, papa, I think I shall remember that, and I will not wish to
+    leave off grammar, for I see that geography would not teach me to speak
+    properly; and I should not like to be thought an ignorant man when I
+    grow up."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I hope not, my dear, and I also hope there is no danger of such a
+    misfortune, for you have a great many years to learn in; and if you make
+    good use of them, you will know a great deal by the time you are
+    twenty."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "So I shall," said Charles, "I will learn as much as I can every day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "A very good resolution," said his papa; "education is one of the best
+    things in the world. I will tell you an entertaining story on this very
+    subject."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Do, papa, I should like to hear it very much; I am so fond of stories."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But this is a true one, Charles, which makes it all the better. You
+    have seen in your map of America, a country called Peru?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," answered Charles; "I saw it this morning, when I was saying my
+    geography lesson to mamma; I had to say all the countries in South
+    America, and Peru was one of them."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, this country was once governed by a king who was called an Inca,
+    and his name was Atabalipa; but although he was a king, he knew neither
+    how to read nor write, for reading and writing were arts that were not
+    known in America at that time."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What are arts, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Arts are those things which men have taught themselves to do by their
+    own skill and invention; making tables and chairs, is an art; Printing
+    is an art, and a very clever art it is; building is an art; and reading
+    and writing are arts; but at the time I am speaking of, there were very
+    few arts known in America, for it was mostly inhabited by savages; and
+    even in Peru, where they were not savages, they were quite ignorant;
+    they had no books, and would not have known how to read them if they
+    had, and they thought they were the only people in the world besides the
+    savages."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then, I dare say, they thought themselves very clever fellows," said
+    Charles, "for all they could not read or write; for you know, papa, if
+    they thought there was nobody in the world but them and the savages,
+    they would not know there were any people cleverer than themselves."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, I have no doubt they were quite satisfied with themselves, my dear,
+    and not without reason, for they had taught themselves many useful
+    things; but at last they found out that there were people in the world
+    who were cleverer than they were as you shall hear. There was a Spanish
+    soldier, named Pizarro, who happened to hear that there was a great deal
+    of gold and silver to be found in Peru; so he thought he would go there,
+    and try if he could not make himself rich. Pizarro was a fierce, cruel
+    man, but he had been brought up in total ignorance; for his mother was a
+    very poor woman, and could not afford to send him to school, therefore
+    he had never learned to read or write. However he could fight, and so he
+    took a number of other soldiers with him, and went to Peru, where the
+    people were so surprised at the sight of him and his men, who were not
+    like any men they had seen before, that they were afraid; therefore the
+    Spaniards very easily conquered them, and robbed them of their gold, and
+    at last took the Inca prisoner, and kept him confined in a small room,
+    where he would have been very unhappy; but that he was very much amused,
+    by observing how many things the Spaniards knew that he had never before
+    heard of.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "He was astonished to see that they could tell the hour of the day by
+    their watches, and thought the Europeans must be very wonderful people
+    indeed, to make such clever things; but what pleased him more than all,
+    was the art of writing. He could not imagine how one person could know
+    what another meant by looking at a few black marks, and he thought that
+    men who could do this, must be far superior to the Peruvians, and
+    therefore felt a respect even for the common soldiers who guarded him;
+    for he saw that they had more knowledge than he had, although a king.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Now Pizarro was the general of the soldiers, and of course the greatest
+    man among them; and he had also become very rich by conquering the
+    Peruvians, and plundering their towns, that is, taking away all the gold
+    and silver he found: and Atabalipa supposed that, as he was the chief of
+    the Spaniards, he must be the cleverest of them too; but one day he
+    happened to find out by accident, that Pizarro could neither read nor
+    write, and this discovery made him think so meanly of his conqueror,
+    that from that moment he treated him with great contempt, saying that
+    Pizarro, though a general, could not be a person of any consequence in
+    his own country; since his common soldiers were better taught than
+    himself."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, papa," said Charles, "that is just such a story as I like,
+    and I see that it is of no use to be rich and great, if we are not wise
+    also."
+</p>
+<a name="image-3"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="african.jpg" width="284" height="373"
+alt="THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN">
+</p>
+<a name="CH2"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. II.</h3>
+<h4>BLACK SLAVES.</h4>
+<p>
+    Charles used to go every fine day after his lessons were finished, to
+    play in the square gardens; and as all the other boys whose parents
+    lived in the square went there too, he had several friends, and amongst
+    them one a little older than himself, named Peter Ross, whom he liked
+    better than any of the rest.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Peter was not an English boy, he was a West-Indian: his father and
+    mother lived in Jamaica, but they had sent him to England to be
+    educated, so he lived with his uncle in Euston-square, and went every
+    day to the London University school. Charles was very fond of talking
+    to Peter, because Peter told about the slaves that worked on his
+    father's plantations, for his father was a sugar planter, and had a
+    large estate in Jamaica, so he was obliged to keep a great many negro
+    slaves, for all the plantations in the West-Indies, are cultivated by
+    negroes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I wish I had a slave," said Charles to his papa one evening, after he
+    had been playing with Peter. "Do you know, papa, when Peter was at home
+    in the West-Indies, he had a slave of his own, a black boy, to wait upon
+    him, and do every thing he wanted; and Peter was his master, and he was
+    not older, then, than I am. What a nice thing it must be to have a slave
+    of one's own; I should get him to carry my kite, and my hoop and stick,
+    when I don't want to bowl it, and mend my toys when I break them, and do
+    a great many things for me. He could move my rocking horse, and that
+    great wooden box where I keep my bats and balls, for it is too heavy for
+    me to lift myself, and I often want it moved: really a slave would be
+    very useful to me, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Barker could not help laughing at Charles's idea of the usefulness
+    of a slave, and asked him if he knew exactly what slaves were.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," replied Charles; "they are black people."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "A great many slaves are black, certainly," said his papa, "but is not
+    being black, that makes a man a slave, and there have been many
+    unfortunate white people sold for slaves, as well as the poor blacks."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Sold!" said Charles, "what, do they sell people, I never heard of that
+    before."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then I will tell you now, my dear, and I think you will never again
+    wish to have a slave. When America was first discovered, which is about
+    three hundred and fifty years ago, there were many gold mines found in
+    the West-Indies, all the mountains contained a vast quantity of gold,
+    but it was very hard work to dig for it, and the natives of the country,
+    who were savages, were not strong, and had never been used to work; so
+    that the Spaniards who had discovered the country, could not get as much
+    gold as they wished, although they were cruel enough to force the poor
+    savages to work in the mines, and chained them together; that they might
+    not run away; poor creatures! they were much to be pitied, and numbers
+    of them died every day, for they had not strength to bear such hard
+    labour. So when the Spaniards found that the Indians could not do as
+    much work as they wanted done, they employed sailors to go to Africa and
+    bring them a number of black men from that country; for they knew the
+    Africans were strong, and that they could make them work as hard as they
+    pleased."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But why did the Africans go, papa?" said Charles, whose eyes were full
+    of tears at this sad tale. "Why did they not send the sailors away
+    again, and say they would not go with them?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They most likely would have done so," replied his papa; "if they had
+    known how they would be treated; but the sailors said they would take
+    them to a fine country, where they would get plenty of food without any
+    trouble, and live much better than they did in their own country; so the
+    simple negroes believed them, and went on board their ships; but they
+    soon found out how wrong they had been to trust these wicked men; for
+    when they came to the place where they expected to be so happy, they
+    were all sold as if they had been beasts, instead of men, and sent to
+    work in the mines; where they led a very miserable life indeed, for the
+    cruel masters who had bought them, did not care what they suffered, so
+    long as they got plenty of gold.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "This was the beginning of what is called the slave trade, and a
+    dreadful trade it has been ever since; for when the captains of ships
+    found how much money the Spaniards would give for negroes, they went
+    again to Africa; and when the black men refused to go with them, they
+    took them by force, and carried them on board the ships, where they
+    tied them together, so that it was impossible for them to escape. You
+    would think it a very hard case, Charles, if you were walking by the sea
+    shore, and two or three men were to come and carry you away by force to
+    a distant land, and sell you to somebody who would make you work hard
+    for him all the rest of your life, and consider you as much his
+    property, as if he had bought a horse or a dog."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But they would have no right to sell me," said Charles, "I do not
+    belong to them."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Neither do those poor Africans belong to the men who sell them; they
+    have as much right to be free and happy, as you or I have."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then how is it, papa, that Peter's father has slaves? he is an
+    Englishman."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, Charles, I am sorry to say, that Englishmen, as well as Spaniards,
+    have traded in slaves, for when some of the West-India islands came into
+    the possession of the English, they found the negroes so useful, and
+    made so much money by their labour, that they forgot how unjust it was
+    to keep them in slavery. However, I am happy to say, that a law is now
+    in operation which will soon set all the slaves free. In a very short
+    time, the negroes will be at liberty like other working men; and the
+    masters, instead of buying them, must hire them like servants, and pay
+    them wages; and they will be able to leave their master if he does not
+    treat them well, and get another place, as our servants do."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Ah, how glad I am," said Charles, "that will be a good thing for the
+    poor blacks. I do not wish to have a slave now, papa; I would not have
+    one for the world. But Peter's father's slaves do not work in the gold
+    mines, they make sugar: why is that?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because there are no gold mines now in the West-Indies worth working,"
+    said Mr. Barker; "the Spaniards took care to get all the gold there was,
+    but people still make large fortunes there, by growing sugar; and there
+    are still gold mines in other parts of America, where negro slaves
+    work."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "How does sugar grow?" enquired Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is made from the juice of reeds, called sugar canes," said his
+    papa.&mdash;"A plantation of sugar canes is very pretty, they grow very high,
+    and are of a beautiful gold colour, streaked with red; and at the top of
+    this yellow cane are long green leaves, which hang down round it: but
+    this is not all, for out of the midst of these leaves, there grows a
+    long stem, like a thin silver wand; and at the top of it, is something
+    that looks like a plume of white feathers, edged with lilac."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, how beautiful!" exclaimed Charles:&mdash;"I should like to go to the
+    West-Indies, if it was only to see a sugar plantation; but how do they
+    get the sugar, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "When the canes are ripe, Charles, the negroes cut them down, and tie
+    them up in bundles, and carry them to a mill, where the juice is pressed
+    out.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "This juice is boiled several times in large coppers, and the coarse
+    parts separated from the fine, which at last dries into sugar. It is all
+    brown at first, or what you call moist sugar; but by mixing different
+    things with it, and boiling it again in a particular manner, they can
+    make lump sugar, and sugar candy; and this is done by the black slaves,
+    who have been dragged away from their own country to be sold to the
+    planters: so you see Charles, that even so simple a thing as a lump of
+    sugar, is the cause of a vast deal of cruelty and injustice."
+</p>
+<a name="image-4"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="man.jpg" width="115" height="114"
+alt="MAN (Drawing)">
+</p>
+<a name="CH3"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. III.</h3>
+<h4>A VISIT TO THE THEATRE.</h4>
+<p>
+    Charles had never seen a play; but his papa and mamma had always
+    promised him that when he was seven years old, they would take him to
+    Covent-Garden Theatre, and as that time had now nearly come, he did not
+    forget to remind them of their promise. His birth-day was the fifteenth
+    of January, which was lucky, because they always perform pantomimes in
+    the Christmas holidays, and he was very desirous of seeing harlequin and
+    columbine, and the clown, as he had heard a great deal about them from
+    his young friends in the square, who had been to see them. As the day
+    approached, Charles could think of nothing but the play, and said he
+    thought it would be the happiest day of his life; but his mamma told him
+    she hoped he would have much greater cause to be happy many days of his
+    life, than going to a theatre; however Charles did not think there could
+    be any greater cause for happiness, and his mamma said, it was as well
+    for him to think so: The night before his birth-day, he went to bed in
+    high spirits, saying he was sure he should not be able to sleep all
+    night; but that was a mistake, for he went to sleep almost directly; and
+    did not wake till the morning.
+</p>
+<a name="image-5"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="pantomime.jpg" width="288" height="373"
+alt="LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME">
+</p>
+<p>
+    As soon as he was dressed, he ran down stairs to breakfast, with a
+    smiling face. "Here is the day come at last!" he said, "I am so glad
+    mamma, I wish it was night; I am seven years old to-day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear," said his mamma, "and I wish you many happy returns of
+    the day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, mamma, but I have a great favour to ask you."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is it? Charles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I am afraid you will not do it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "If it is any thing very unreasonable, perhaps I shall not," said his
+    mamma; "but if it is not very unreasonable, I think, as it is your
+    birth-day, I may venture to promise that I will do it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then this is it," said Charles; "Peter has never been to the play in
+    his life, and he said yesterday, he should like to go with me; so I wish
+    you would take him with us; he would be so pleased."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well then, we will take him with us," said Mrs. Barker; "and I am glad
+    to find that you think of other people's pleasure, as well as your own;
+    it shows that you are not selfish."
+</p>
+<p>
+    A message was then sent to Peter's uncle, who readily gave his consent,
+    which made Charles happier than he was before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At six o'clock Peter came; and very much delighted he looked, as well
+    he might, for he had not expected so great a pleasure; and then both the
+    boys watched at the window for Mr. Barker, who had not yet come home;
+    but he soon came, when they all got into a coach, and away they drove.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The play was to be Macbeth, which Charles said was very fortunate,
+    because he had read about him in 'Tales of a Grandfather,' but Peter had
+    never read 'Tales of Grandfather,' nor any history of Scotland, so he
+    did not know who Macbeth was, therefore Mr. Barker was kind enough to
+    tell him the whole story as they went along; that he might be able to
+    understand what he was going to see. Perhaps some other little boys
+    would like to hear it too, so I will tell it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "There was once a king of Scotland, named Duncan, who was a good man,
+    and much beloved by his subjects. This king had a cousin named Macbeth,
+    who being the bravest general in Scotland, was employed by Duncan to
+    fight all his battles for him, when he was too old to fight them
+    himself; but Macbeth, although a brave man, was not a good man, and
+    besides that, he had a very wicked wife, who wanted to be a queen, and
+    therefore she tried to persuade her husband to kill Duncan, that he
+    might be made king in his stead.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "At this time the Danes, who came from Denmark, invaded Scotland; that
+    is, they came there to fight the Scots, and try to conquer the country:
+    but they were disappointed, for Macbeth went with a large army to the
+    place where they had landed, and having killed a great number of them in
+    a battle, he forced the rest to return to Denmark.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "When Duncan heard that Macbeth had gained this victory, and driven his
+    enemies out of Scotland, he was so much pleased, that he went, with his
+    two sons, to pay him a visit at his castle; but he little thought, poor
+    old man, what was going to happen, for in the middle of the night, when
+    he was fast asleep, Macbeth went softly into his room, and killed him
+    with a dagger. So in the morning, when it became known that the king was
+    murdered, Macbeth pretended to be very much surprised and grieved at it,
+    and although the people all thought he had done it himself, they were
+    afraid to say so; and he was made king of Scotland. But wickedness is
+    sure to be punished, as you shall hear; for the two young Princes,
+    Malcolm and Donald Bane, as soon as they heard their father was dead,
+    escaped from the castle, fearing that if they staid they might be killed
+    too.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Now happened that at that very time there was in England a very good
+    king, called Edward the Confessor, who was an enemy to all bad men;
+    therefore the Scottish princes determined to go to his court, and tell
+    him what Macbeth had done; for they did not doubt that when he heard of
+    it, he would render them some assistance; and they were not mistaken.
+    The English king declared that he would revenge the death of Duncan,
+    and place Malcolm on the throne; so he sent a large army into Scotland,
+    to fight for the young prince, and Macbeth was killed in a battle, which
+    gave great joy to the people, who were very glad to have Malcolm for
+    their king. All this happened nearly eight hundred years ago, and
+    Malcolm, who is called in the history of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, was
+    one of the best kings that ever reigned over that country."
+</p>
+<p>
+    By the time Mr. Barker had finished this story they had arrived at the
+    theatre, and were just seated in the front row of a box, as the curtain
+    drew up. The two boys liked the play very much, although it made them
+    rather dull; but they were merry enough when the pantomime began, for it
+    was full of fun, from beginning to end, and Charles could not help
+    exclaiming every now and then, "Oh, what capital fun!"
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was very much astonished at the wonderful tricks performed by
+    harlequin with his magic sword, for to those who have never seen a
+    pantomime before, it must be rather surprising to see a wheelbarrow
+    turned into a steam carriage, and an umbrella into an arm chair. But
+    what amused Charles and Peter more than all the rest, was a large pie
+    which was brought in and placed on a table, where the king and queen,
+    with several lords and ladies were sitting at dinner, all seemingly very
+    anxious to taste of this pie. But the moment it was cut, a whistling
+    noise was heard, and a number of little birds hopped out of the pie, and
+    flew away, leaving the dish quite empty, to the great amusement of all
+    the boys and girls in the theatre, who laughed very loud indeed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But pleasure cannot last for ever. The pantomime was soon over, and as
+    Charles went home, he said he should like to go to the play every night,
+    all the rest of his life&mdash;"Ah, Charles,"&mdash;said his papa, "we are all apt
+    to like what is new to us, but you will find out, my boy, that people
+    get tired even of pleasure, if they have too much of it."
+</p>
+<a name="CH4"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. IV.</h3>
+<h4>CONVERSATION ON HISTORY</h4>
+<p>
+    On the morning after the play, Charles was thinking about the king of
+    Scotland, and he asked his mamma why there was no king of Scotland now,
+    as there used to be, and she told him that England and Scotland were now
+    considered only as one kingdom, and called Great Britain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," said Charles, "I know that the queen of England is queen of
+    Scotland too; but I want to know how it came to be so; because you see,
+    mamma, that when Duncan was king of Scotland, there was a king of
+    England as well."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear," and for five hundred years after Duncan was murdered,
+    there were kings of Scotland and England also; but when Queen Elizabeth
+    died, her nearest relation happened to be the king of Scotland, James
+    the sixth; he was her cousin, and as she left neither brothers nor
+    sisters, nor children, James became king of England as well as of his
+    own country; and since that time there has been but one king to govern
+    both kingdoms."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, mamma," said Charles, "I could not think how it was before;
+    but do you think it is best to have one king or two?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I think it is best to have but one, because, if you look at your map,
+    you will see that England and Scotland together make one large island;
+    and while they were separate kingdoms, they were frequently at war with
+    each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What did they go to war for, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I believe, Charles, the true cause generally was, that the English king
+    thought he should like to have the whole island for himself; but what
+    made the matter worse was, that as the people who were fighting against
+    each other, all lived in the same island, it was almost as bad as a
+    civil war."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is a civil war, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is when the people of any country cannot agree among themselves, and
+    so make war upon each other: there have been civil wars in all countries
+    at different times; they are the most dreadful of all wars, because
+    relations and friends are often fighting in battle against each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, what a shocking thing!" said Charles; "But why do they do it mamma?
+    I cannot think why people should fight battles with one another."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I will try to explain it, my dear: There is at present a civil war in
+    Spain, because when the last king died, some of the people said that his
+    daughter should be queen, and others said his brother should be king; so
+    the daughter was placed on the throne and crowned; but the brother,
+    whose name is Don Carlos, is very angry at this, because he thinks he
+    has the greatest right to the crown; so he has persuaded all who are on
+    his side, to go to war with all who are in favour of the queen,
+    therefore the Spaniards are now fighting against each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Which do you think will win?" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I cannot possibly say, my dear. But I wish to show you, Charles, the
+    terrible consequences of a civil war. It may happen that fathers and
+    sons are of different opinions, and that one fights for the queen, and
+    the other for the king; and then it is possible that in battle the son
+    may kill his father, or the father his son."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, that would be shocking!" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And yet it has sometimes happened," said his mamma; "there have been
+    brothers too, who have fought against each other, and many persons who
+    were friends before, have become the bitterest enemies."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Was there ever a civil war in England, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear, more than once. The last was because many people thought
+    they should like to have no king at all; I am going to buy you a little
+    history of England, and then you will read about it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I shall like to read about it," said Charles, "but what did the people
+    do when they thought they should like to have no king?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They said the king had done a great many things that were wrong, and so
+    they put him in prison, and at last had his head cut off; do you know,
+    Charles, which king it was who was beheaded?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, mamma; it was Charles the first."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, after Charles the first was beheaded, some of the people declared
+    that his son should be king, and others said they would have no king at
+    all, but that they would have somebody instead to manage the affairs of
+    the country."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And I know who that was, mamma," said Charles, "it was Oliver Cromwell,
+    I know he was not a king, but I did not understand how it was before."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And I suppose you also understand now, why this caused a civil war?"
+    said his mamma.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Of course I do," replied Charles; "some people fought for the king, and
+    some for Oliver Cromwell."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," replied Mrs. Barker, "and for a long time the country was in a
+    very unhappy state. The king was obliged to hide himself, for if he had
+    been caught he would perhaps have been beheaded, as his poor father was.
+    But at last he got away in a ship, and went to Holland, where he lived
+    for some years; but at last his party was victorious, and he came back
+    to England."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then there was a king again," said Charles.
+</p>
+<a name="image-6"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="history.jpg" width="293" height="384"
+alt="CONVERSATIONS ON HISTORY: CHARLES IInd">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, then there was a king again, he was Charles the second; and now
+    every year on the day that he returned, the bells ring, and the guns are
+    fired, it is the 29th of May, and is called king Charles's restoration.
+    When May comes, if you listen on that day, you will hear the bells
+    ringing very merrily, and then you will know what it is for."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "So I shall," said Charles, "I am glad of that, I like to know things, I
+    wish I knew the history of every country in the world."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is a very good thing to know a great deal of history," said his
+    mamma; "and the best way of gaining this knowledge, is to read with
+    attention the books that have been written on purpose to teach little
+    boys history; they are the best for you to read now; then, when you are
+    older, you will be able to understand the large books that are in your
+    papa's book-case, and you may become acquainted with the history of the
+    whole world, if you like."
+</p>
+<a name="CH5"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. V.</h3>
+<h4>MISSIONARIES.</h4>
+<p>
+    "Papa," said Charles, "I should like to know what a missionary is."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Your desire can very easily be gratified," replied his papa; "but what
+    has made you think of missionaries just now?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because I read in the newspaper, this morning, that the day before
+    yesterday there was a great crowd at St. Katharine's docks to take leave
+    of a missionary who was going to one of the South Sea islands; and it
+    said that a great deal of money had been given to him, and that when the
+    ship began to sail, all the people waved their hats, and wished him
+    success. Now I want to know what he was going for, and why every body
+    was so glad?"
+</p>
+<a name="image-7"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="abroad.jpg" width="293" height="383"
+alt="THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then I will tell you, Charles. Missionaries are good and religious men,
+    who go out to different parts of the world, on purpose to benefit those
+    poor ignorant creatures whom we call savages, by teaching them religion,
+    and also such arts as they are capable of learning."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "That is very kind of them," said Charles; "for it cannot be very
+    pleasant to live among savages."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, my dear; but these good men do not consider what is pleasant, they
+    only consider what is right; and that is the proper way to think, is it
+    not?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh yes, papa, I know that we ought all to do what is right, whether it
+    is pleasant or not."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Certainly, Charles, and in the end it is sure to be the most pleasant,
+    because it is a great pleasure to know that we have done what is right.
+    But we were talking of missionaries. For several hundred years the
+    people of England and Germany, and other Christian countries, have
+    considered it a part of their duty to teach the Christian religion in
+    all parts of the world; for in many nations, Charles, they are so
+    ignorant that instead of praying to God, they worship images, which they
+    make themselves."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They are very wicked, then?" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, they are not wicked," replied his papa, "because they know no
+    better; they do what they believe to be right; and as long as we do what
+    we think is right, we cannot be wicked, although we may be mistaken."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then the missionaries go to teach them better, I suppose?" said
+    Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear, these good men are so anxious to do good to their fellow
+    creatures, that they do not mind the difficulties and dangers they meet
+    with; and it is no easy matter I assure you Charles, for many of them
+    have been cruelly murdered by the barbarians they were trying to
+    instruct."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Poor men," said Charles, "how sorry I am for them; but why do any more
+    of them go, papa, if they are so badly treated?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because though some have been unfortunate, others have done a great
+    deal of good; for instance, the missionary you read about this morning,
+    went out a great many years ago to some of the South Sea islands, which
+    he found inhabited by savages who knew nothing, and lived more like wild
+    beasts than men; but he contrived to make friends of them, and has
+    taught them to build houses, cultivate the earth, build ships, and make
+    many useful articles of furniture, and tools to dig and plant the
+    ground; and although all these things are of a very rough kind, it is
+    better than not knowing how to make them at all, you know."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "To be sure it is," replied Charles; "besides, perhaps they will go on
+    making them better and better, till at last they will make very good
+    things indeed."
+</p>
+<a name="image-8"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="build.jpg" width="295" height="384"
+alt="THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my boy, that is the right way, not only with the savages, but with
+    ourselves: When once we know the manner of doing a thing, we may then
+    improve upon it as much as we can, the same as with your writing, each
+    copy ought to be done better than the last."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But now you have not told me why they have given money to the
+    missionary, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because he has come to England to buy clothes, tools, seeds, and other
+    things for the use and improvement of the South Sea Islanders. The
+    English people are always ready to assist in any good work; and so
+    numbers of persons have given money, till it has amounted to several
+    hundred pounds, which has enabled the good missionary to take back with
+    him a large store of useful articles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, that is an excellent plan," said Charles, "I should not wonder if
+    these poor savages in time become very clever fellows, and make their
+    island a capital place, and all through this good missionary."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, Charles, so we see how much may be done by one person alone, if he
+    will take the pains. But there is one thing that the missionary has
+taught the savages, which is better than all the rest; he has taught
+them to know that there is a God, who made the world, and all that is in
+it, and that those who love him, and keep his commandments, will be
+rewarded in the world to come."
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<pre>
+
+
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at
+Charles., by Julia Corner
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at Charles.
+
+Author: Julia Corner
+
+Release Date: February 15, 2004  [eBook #11099]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE; OR,
+ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.***
+
+
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+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR, ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+BEING, AN ACCOUNT OF
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+ABOUT BLACK SLAVES;
+A CONVERSATION ON HISTORY; AND
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+BY MISS JULIA CORNER.
+
+EMBELLISHED WITH SEVEN ELEGANT COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
+
+LONDON:
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH.]
+
+
+
+
+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR,
+ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. I.
+
+
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+
+You have heard a great deal about Charles in the Seeds of Useful
+Knowledge; perhaps you would like to hear a little more about him; for,
+as he was never tired of learning good things, I might fill many books,
+if I were to speak of every thing that his papa and mamma taught him.
+But I dare say all the boys and girls who read this, have kind parents
+or friends who teach them, as well as Charles's papa and mamma taught
+him; so I will only mention such things as they may not perhaps yet have
+heard.
+
+But first of all, I must tell you what Charles has been doing, since you
+heard of him last. He was now a year older than he was then, and he was
+also wiser, for he could write pretty well, and read without spelling
+the long words; he knew the multiplication table, and the pence table
+too; and could do sums in multiplication without a mistake, when he took
+pains; but sometimes, when he was careless, or in a hurry, the sums were
+wrong: however, I am happy to say that did not happen very often.
+Besides all these things, Charles learned grammar, and geography, and
+could decline many Latin nouns; which was very well for a little boy not
+quite seven years old. But of all his lessons he liked geography best,
+he liked to find out places in the maps, and to know whereabouts the
+different countries were that he heard people talk of; and then his papa
+was often kind to tell him amusing stories about the inhabitants of
+those countries, and he also told him what things are brought from them:
+for instance, Charles knew that tea grows in China, which is in Asia;
+and sugar in the West-Indies; that the rose-wood that his mamma's chairs
+and card tables were made of, grew in a country called Brazil in South
+America; and that the raisins in the plum-pudding on Christmas day, were
+dried grapes, and came from Spain.
+
+"Papa," said Charles one night, when he was, as usual, telling his papa
+what he had done in the course of the day,--"I wish I might learn more
+geography, instead of any grammar; I like it so much better: I like
+geography very much, but I do not like grammar at all."
+
+"What is your objection to grammar, Charles?" said his papa.
+
+"Oh, why--there is nothing amusing in it."
+
+"And do you not think there is some other reason for learning, besides
+being amused?"
+
+"Yes; I think we learn that we may grow wise; but I don't want to leave
+off learning, papa; I only want to learn something else, instead of
+grammar?"
+
+Mr. Barber laughed, and told Charles, that no other kind of knowledge
+would be of much use to him without grammar, since nothing else would
+teach him to speak or write like a gentleman.
+
+"Don't I speak like a gentleman now, papa?"
+
+"You speak pretty well for a little boy, my dear; but you often make
+mistakes, which we think nothing of now, because we know that when you
+have learnt a little more grammar, you will know better; but if you were
+to make such mistakes when you are a man, you would be thought an
+ignorant person, and not be treated with respect."
+
+"Can you tell me of any mistakes I make now papa?"
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY.]
+
+"Oh yes, I think I could very soon tell you of a great many. Just now,
+when you were standing at the window, I heard you say,--'There goes two
+white horses!' now that was a very great blunder, Charles."
+
+"Was it, papa;--why?"
+
+"Because it showed that you did not know the difference between singular
+and plural."
+
+"But I do know the difference--singular means one thing, and plural
+means more than one."
+
+"Exactly, so now try to find out the blunder."
+
+Charles repeated the words two or three times, "there goes two white
+horses;" but he could not find out what was wrong, and after puzzling
+for a long while, he was obliged to give it up, and his papa
+said,--"Suppose you had been talking about those horses before you saw
+them go by, should you have said, 'there they goes?'" "No," said Charles.
+
+"I should have said--'there they go.'"
+
+"And why should you have said so?"
+
+"Because it is not right to say--'there they goes'; nobody says so, but
+very ignorant people indeed; I heard the butcher's boy say so one day;
+but then, you know, he is a poor ignorant boy and I dare say has never
+learnt any thing."
+
+"How did you know that he was an ignorant boy, Charles?"
+
+"I knew it by his speaking wrong, papa."
+
+"Then you see it was true what I told you that if you speak wrong,
+people will directly think you are an ignorant person, as you thought
+the butcher's boy."
+
+"But I should never say, 'there they goes,'" said Charles, "I know
+better than that."
+
+"Ah, Charles," said his papa, "you must learn a little more grammar, and
+then you will know that you made exactly the same blunder as the
+butcher's boy, when you said, 'there _goes_ two white horses,' you
+should have said, 'there _go_ two white horses.'"
+
+"Should I? I did not know that," said Charles.
+
+"Which shews how necessary it is, that you should learn grammar, my
+boy, and then you will know that go is plural, and goes is singular, so
+that if you are speaking of more than one horse, it is proper to say go,
+because we say, 'they go;' but if you are speaking of only one, it is
+proper to say goes, because we should say, 'he goes.'"
+
+"Thank you, papa, I think I shall remember that, and I will not wish to
+leave off grammar, for I see that geography would not teach me to speak
+properly; and I should not like to be thought an ignorant man when I
+grow up."
+
+"I hope not, my dear, and I also hope there is no danger of such a
+misfortune, for you have a great many years to learn in; and if you make
+good use of them, you will know a great deal by the time you are
+twenty."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I will learn as much as I can every day."
+
+"A very good resolution," said his papa; "education is one of the best
+things in the world. I will tell you an entertaining story on this very
+subject."
+
+"Do, papa, I should like to hear it very much; I am so fond of stories."
+
+"But this is a true one, Charles, which makes it all the better. You
+have seen in your map of America, a country called Peru?"
+
+"Yes," answered Charles; "I saw it this morning, when I was saying my
+geography lesson to mamma; I had to say all the countries in South
+America, and Peru was one of them."
+
+"Well, this country was once governed by a king who was called an Inca,
+and his name was Atabalipa; but although he was a king, he knew neither
+how to read nor write, for reading and writing were arts that were not
+known in America at that time."
+
+"What are arts, papa?"
+
+"Arts are those things which men have taught themselves to do by their
+own skill and invention; making tables and chairs, is an art; Printing
+is an art, and a very clever art it is; building is an art; and reading
+and writing are arts; but at the time I am speaking of, there were very
+few arts known in America, for it was mostly inhabited by savages; and
+even in Peru, where they were not savages, they were quite ignorant;
+they had no books, and would not have known how to read them if they
+had, and they thought they were the only people in the world besides the
+savages."
+
+"Then, I dare say, they thought themselves very clever fellows," said
+Charles, "for all they could not read or write; for you know, papa, if
+they thought there was nobody in the world but them and the savages,
+they would not know there were any people cleverer than themselves."
+
+"No, I have no doubt they were quite satisfied with themselves, my dear,
+and not without reason, for they had taught themselves many useful
+things; but at last they found out that there were people in the world
+who were cleverer than they were as you shall hear. There was a Spanish
+soldier, named Pizarro, who happened to hear that there was a great deal
+of gold and silver to be found in Peru; so he thought he would go there,
+and try if he could not make himself rich. Pizarro was a fierce, cruel
+man, but he had been brought up in total ignorance; for his mother was a
+very poor woman, and could not afford to send him to school, therefore
+he had never learned to read or write. However he could fight, and so he
+took a number of other soldiers with him, and went to Peru, where the
+people were so surprised at the sight of him and his men, who were not
+like any men they had seen before, that they were afraid; therefore the
+Spaniards very easily conquered them, and robbed them of their gold, and
+at last took the Inca prisoner, and kept him confined in a small room,
+where he would have been very unhappy; but that he was very much amused,
+by observing how many things the Spaniards knew that he had never before
+heard of.
+
+"He was astonished to see that they could tell the hour of the day by
+their watches, and thought the Europeans must be very wonderful people
+indeed, to make such clever things; but what pleased him more than all,
+was the art of writing. He could not imagine how one person could know
+what another meant by looking at a few black marks, and he thought that
+men who could do this, must be far superior to the Peruvians, and
+therefore felt a respect even for the common soldiers who guarded him;
+for he saw that they had more knowledge than he had, although a king.
+
+"Now Pizarro was the general of the soldiers, and of course the greatest
+man among them; and he had also become very rich by conquering the
+Peruvians, and plundering their towns, that is, taking away all the gold
+and silver he found: and Atabalipa supposed that, as he was the chief of
+the Spaniards, he must be the cleverest of them too; but one day he
+happened to find out by accident, that Pizarro could neither read nor
+write, and this discovery made him think so meanly of his conqueror,
+that from that moment he treated him with great contempt, saying that
+Pizarro, though a general, could not be a person of any consequence in
+his own country; since his common soldiers were better taught than
+himself."
+
+"Thank you, papa," said Charles, "that is just such a story as I like,
+and I see that it is of no use to be rich and great, if we are not wise
+also."
+
+[Illustration: THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+
+BLACK SLAVES.
+
+Charles used to go every fine day after his lessons were finished, to
+play in the square gardens; and as all the other boys whose parents
+lived in the square went there too, he had several friends, and amongst
+them one a little older than himself, named Peter Ross, whom he liked
+better than any of the rest.
+
+Peter was not an English boy, he was a West-Indian: his father and
+mother lived in Jamaica, but they had sent him to England to be
+educated, so he lived with his uncle in Euston-square, and went every
+day to the London University school. Charles was very fond of talking
+to Peter, because Peter told about the slaves that worked on his
+father's plantations, for his father was a sugar planter, and had a
+large estate in Jamaica, so he was obliged to keep a great many negro
+slaves, for all the plantations in the West-Indies, are cultivated by
+negroes.
+
+"I wish I had a slave," said Charles to his papa one evening, after he
+had been playing with Peter. "Do you know, papa, when Peter was at home
+in the West-Indies, he had a slave of his own, a black boy, to wait upon
+him, and do every thing he wanted; and Peter was his master, and he was
+not older, then, than I am. What a nice thing it must be to have a slave
+of one's own; I should get him to carry my kite, and my hoop and stick,
+when I don't want to bowl it, and mend my toys when I break them, and do
+a great many things for me. He could move my rocking horse, and that
+great wooden box where I keep my bats and balls, for it is too heavy for
+me to lift myself, and I often want it moved: really a slave would be
+very useful to me, papa."
+
+Mr. Barker could not help laughing at Charles's idea of the usefulness
+of a slave, and asked him if he knew exactly what slaves were.
+
+"Yes," replied Charles; "they are black people."
+
+"A great many slaves are black, certainly," said his papa, "but is not
+being black, that makes a man a slave, and there have been many
+unfortunate white people sold for slaves, as well as the poor blacks."
+
+"Sold!" said Charles, "what, do they sell people, I never heard of that
+before."
+
+"Then I will tell you now, my dear, and I think you will never again
+wish to have a slave. When America was first discovered, which is about
+three hundred and fifty years ago, there were many gold mines found in
+the West-Indies, all the mountains contained a vast quantity of gold,
+but it was very hard work to dig for it, and the natives of the country,
+who were savages, were not strong, and had never been used to work; so
+that the Spaniards who had discovered the country, could not get as much
+gold as they wished, although they were cruel enough to force the poor
+savages to work in the mines, and chained them together; that they might
+not run away; poor creatures! they were much to be pitied, and numbers
+of them died every day, for they had not strength to bear such hard
+labour. So when the Spaniards found that the Indians could not do as
+much work as they wanted done, they employed sailors to go to Africa and
+bring them a number of black men from that country; for they knew the
+Africans were strong, and that they could make them work as hard as they
+pleased."
+
+"But why did the Africans go, papa?" said Charles, whose eyes were full
+of tears at this sad tale. "Why did they not send the sailors away
+again, and say they would not go with them?"
+
+"They most likely would have done so," replied his papa; "if they had
+known how they would be treated; but the sailors said they would take
+them to a fine country, where they would get plenty of food without any
+trouble, and live much better than they did in their own country; so the
+simple negroes believed them, and went on board their ships; but they
+soon found out how wrong they had been to trust these wicked men; for
+when they came to the place where they expected to be so happy, they
+were all sold as if they had been beasts, instead of men, and sent to
+work in the mines; where they led a very miserable life indeed, for the
+cruel masters who had bought them, did not care what they suffered, so
+long as they got plenty of gold.
+
+"This was the beginning of what is called the slave trade, and a
+dreadful trade it has been ever since; for when the captains of ships
+found how much money the Spaniards would give for negroes, they went
+again to Africa; and when the black men refused to go with them, they
+took them by force, and carried them on board the ships, where they
+tied them together, so that it was impossible for them to escape. You
+would think it a very hard case, Charles, if you were walking by the sea
+shore, and two or three men were to come and carry you away by force to
+a distant land, and sell you to somebody who would make you work hard
+for him all the rest of your life, and consider you as much his
+property, as if he had bought a horse or a dog."
+
+"But they would have no right to sell me," said Charles, "I do not
+belong to them."
+
+"Neither do those poor Africans belong to the men who sell them; they
+have as much right to be free and happy, as you or I have."
+
+"Then how is it, papa, that Peter's father has slaves? he is an
+Englishman."
+
+"Yes, Charles, I am sorry to say, that Englishmen, as well as Spaniards,
+have traded in slaves, for when some of the West-India islands came into
+the possession of the English, they found the negroes so useful, and
+made so much money by their labour, that they forgot how unjust it was
+to keep them in slavery. However, I am happy to say, that a law is now
+in operation which will soon set all the slaves free. In a very short
+time, the negroes will be at liberty like other working men; and the
+masters, instead of buying them, must hire them like servants, and pay
+them wages; and they will be able to leave their master if he does not
+treat them well, and get another place, as our servants do."
+
+"Ah, how glad I am," said Charles, "that will be a good thing for the
+poor blacks. I do not wish to have a slave now, papa; I would not have
+one for the world. But Peter's father's slaves do not work in the gold
+mines, they make sugar: why is that?"
+
+"Because there are no gold mines now in the West-Indies worth working,"
+said Mr. Barker; "the Spaniards took care to get all the gold there was,
+but people still make large fortunes there, by growing sugar; and there
+are still gold mines in other parts of America, where negro slaves
+work."
+
+"How does sugar grow?" enquired Charles.
+
+"It is made from the juice of reeds, called sugar canes," said his
+papa.--"A plantation of sugar canes is very pretty, they grow very high,
+and are of a beautiful gold colour, streaked with red; and at the top of
+this yellow cane are long green leaves, which hang down round it: but
+this is not all, for out of the midst of these leaves, there grows a
+long stem, like a thin silver wand; and at the top of it, is something
+that looks like a plume of white feathers, edged with lilac."
+
+"Oh, how beautiful!" exclaimed Charles:--"I should like to go to the
+West-Indies, if it was only to see a sugar plantation; but how do they
+get the sugar, papa?"
+
+"When the canes are ripe, Charles, the negroes cut them down, and tie
+them up in bundles, and carry them to a mill, where the juice is pressed
+out.
+
+"This juice is boiled several times in large coppers, and the coarse
+parts separated from the fine, which at last dries into sugar. It is all
+brown at first, or what you call moist sugar; but by mixing different
+things with it, and boiling it again in a particular manner, they can
+make lump sugar, and sugar candy; and this is done by the black slaves,
+who have been dragged away from their own country to be sold to the
+planters: so you see Charles, that even so simple a thing as a lump of
+sugar, is the cause of a vast deal of cruelty and injustice."
+
+[Illustration: Man (Drawing).]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+
+A VISIT TO THE THEATRE.
+
+Charles had never seen a play; but his papa and mamma had always
+promised him that when he was seven years old, they would take him to
+Covent-Garden Theatre, and as that time had now nearly come, he did not
+forget to remind them of their promise. His birth-day was the fifteenth
+of January, which was lucky, because they always perform pantomimes in
+the Christmas holidays, and he was very desirous of seeing harlequin and
+columbine, and the clown, as he had heard a great deal about them from
+his young friends in the square, who had been to see them. As the day
+approached, Charles could think of nothing but the play, and said he
+thought it would be the happiest day of his life; but his mamma told him
+she hoped he would have much greater cause to be happy many days of his
+life, than going to a theatre; however Charles did not think there could
+be any greater cause for happiness, and his mamma said, it was as well
+for him to think so: The night before his birth-day, he went to bed in
+high spirits, saying he was sure he should not be able to sleep all
+night; but that was a mistake, for he went to sleep almost directly; and
+did not wake till the morning.
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME.]
+
+As soon as he was dressed, he ran down stairs to breakfast, with a
+smiling face. "Here is the day come at last!" he said, "I am so glad
+mamma, I wish it was night; I am seven years old to-day."
+
+"Yes, my dear," said his mamma, "and I wish you many happy returns of
+the day."
+
+"Thank you, mamma, but I have a great favour to ask you."
+
+"What is it? Charles."
+
+"I am afraid you will not do it."
+
+"If it is any thing very unreasonable, perhaps I shall not," said his
+mamma; "but if it is not very unreasonable, I think, as it is your
+birth-day, I may venture to promise that I will do it."
+
+"Then this is it," said Charles; "Peter has never been to the play in
+his life, and he said yesterday, he should like to go with me; so I wish
+you would take him with us; he would be so pleased."
+
+"Well then, we will take him with us," said Mrs. Barker; "and I am glad
+to find that you think of other people's pleasure, as well as your own;
+it shows that you are not selfish."
+
+A message was then sent to Peter's uncle, who readily gave his consent,
+which made Charles happier than he was before.
+
+At six o'clock Peter came; and very much delighted he looked, as well
+he might, for he had not expected so great a pleasure; and then both the
+boys watched at the window for Mr. Barker, who had not yet come home;
+but he soon came, when they all got into a coach, and away they drove.
+
+The play was to be Macbeth, which Charles said was very fortunate,
+because he had read about him in 'Tales of a Grandfather,' but Peter had
+never read 'Tales of Grandfather,' nor any history of Scotland, so he
+did not know who Macbeth was, therefore Mr. Barker was kind enough to
+tell him the whole story as they went along; that he might be able to
+understand what he was going to see. Perhaps some other little boys
+would like to hear it too, so I will tell it.
+
+"There was once a king of Scotland, named Duncan, who was a good man,
+and much beloved by his subjects. This king had a cousin named Macbeth,
+who being the bravest general in Scotland, was employed by Duncan to
+fight all his battles for him, when he was too old to fight them
+himself; but Macbeth, although a brave man, was not a good man, and
+besides that, he had a very wicked wife, who wanted to be a queen, and
+therefore she tried to persuade her husband to kill Duncan, that he
+might be made king in his stead.
+
+"At this time the Danes, who came from Denmark, invaded Scotland; that
+is, they came there to fight the Scots, and try to conquer the country:
+but they were disappointed, for Macbeth went with a large army to the
+place where they had landed, and having killed a great number of them in
+a battle, he forced the rest to return to Denmark.
+
+"When Duncan heard that Macbeth had gained this victory, and driven his
+enemies out of Scotland, he was so much pleased, that he went, with his
+two sons, to pay him a visit at his castle; but he little thought, poor
+old man, what was going to happen, for in the middle of the night, when
+he was fast asleep, Macbeth went softly into his room, and killed him
+with a dagger. So in the morning, when it became known that the king was
+murdered, Macbeth pretended to be very much surprised and grieved at it,
+and although the people all thought he had done it himself, they were
+afraid to say so; and he was made king of Scotland. But wickedness is
+sure to be punished, as you shall hear; for the two young Princes,
+Malcolm and Donald Bane, as soon as they heard their father was dead,
+escaped from the castle, fearing that if they staid they might be killed
+too.
+
+"Now happened that at that very time there was in England a very good
+king, called Edward the Confessor, who was an enemy to all bad men;
+therefore the Scottish princes determined to go to his court, and tell
+him what Macbeth had done; for they did not doubt that when he heard of
+it, he would render them some assistance; and they were not mistaken.
+The English king declared that he would revenge the death of Duncan,
+and place Malcolm on the throne; so he sent a large army into Scotland,
+to fight for the young prince, and Macbeth was killed in a battle, which
+gave great joy to the people, who were very glad to have Malcolm for
+their king. All this happened nearly eight hundred years ago, and
+Malcolm, who is called in the history of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, was
+one of the best kings that ever reigned over that country."
+
+By the time Mr. Barker had finished this story they had arrived at the
+theatre, and were just seated in the front row of a box, as the curtain
+drew up. The two boys liked the play very much, although it made them
+rather dull; but they were merry enough when the pantomime began, for it
+was full of fun, from beginning to end, and Charles could not help
+exclaiming every now and then, "Oh, what capital fun!"
+
+He was very much astonished at the wonderful tricks performed by
+harlequin with his magic sword, for to those who have never seen a
+pantomime before, it must be rather surprising to see a wheelbarrow
+turned into a steam carriage, and an umbrella into an arm chair. But
+what amused Charles and Peter more than all the rest, was a large pie
+which was brought in and placed on a table, where the king and queen,
+with several lords and ladies were sitting at dinner, all seemingly very
+anxious to taste of this pie. But the moment it was cut, a whistling
+noise was heard, and a number of little birds hopped out of the pie, and
+flew away, leaving the dish quite empty, to the great amusement of all
+the boys and girls in the theatre, who laughed very loud indeed.
+
+But pleasure cannot last for ever. The pantomime was soon over, and as
+Charles went home, he said he should like to go to the play every night,
+all the rest of his life--"Ah, Charles,"--said his papa, "we are all apt
+to like what is new to us, but you will find out, my boy, that people
+get tired even of pleasure, if they have too much of it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+
+CONVERSATION ON HISTORY.
+
+On the morning after the play, Charles was thinking about the king of
+Scotland, and he asked his mamma why there was no king of Scotland now,
+as there used to be, and she told him that England and Scotland were now
+considered only as one kingdom, and called Great Britain.
+
+"Yes," said Charles, "I know that the queen of England is queen of
+Scotland too; but I want to know how it came to be so; because you see,
+mamma, that when Duncan was king of Scotland, there was a king of
+England as well."
+
+"Yes, my dear," and for five hundred years after Duncan was murdered,
+there were kings of Scotland and England also; but when Queen Elizabeth
+died, her nearest relation happened to be the king of Scotland, James
+the sixth; he was her cousin, and as she left neither brothers nor
+sisters, nor children, James became king of England as well as of his
+own country; and since that time there has been but one king to govern
+both kingdoms."
+
+"Thank you, mamma," said Charles, "I could not think how it was before;
+but do you think it is best to have one king or two?"
+
+"I think it is best to have but one, because, if you look at your map,
+you will see that England and Scotland together make one large island;
+and while they were separate kingdoms, they were frequently at war with
+each other."
+
+"What did they go to war for, mamma?"
+
+"I believe, Charles, the true cause generally was, that the English king
+thought he should like to have the whole island for himself; but what
+made the matter worse was, that as the people who were fighting against
+each other, all lived in the same island, it was almost as bad as a
+civil war."
+
+"What is a civil war, mamma?"
+
+"It is when the people of any country cannot agree among themselves, and
+so make war upon each other: there have been civil wars in all countries
+at different times; they are the most dreadful of all wars, because
+relations and friends are often fighting in battle against each other."
+
+"Oh, what a shocking thing!" said Charles; "But why do they do it mamma?
+I cannot think why people should fight battles with one another."
+
+"I will try to explain it, my dear: There is at present a civil war in
+Spain, because when the last king died, some of the people said that his
+daughter should be queen, and others said his brother should be king; so
+the daughter was placed on the throne and crowned; but the brother,
+whose name is Don Carlos, is very angry at this, because he thinks he
+has the greatest right to the crown; so he has persuaded all who are on
+his side, to go to war with all who are in favour of the queen,
+therefore the Spaniards are now fighting against each other."
+
+"Which do you think will win?" said Charles.
+
+"I cannot possibly say, my dear. But I wish to show you, Charles, the
+terrible consequences of a civil war. It may happen that fathers and
+sons are of different opinions, and that one fights for the queen, and
+the other for the king; and then it is possible that in battle the son
+may kill his father, or the father his son."
+
+"Oh, that would be shocking!" said Charles.
+
+"And yet it has sometimes happened," said his mamma; "there have been
+brothers too, who have fought against each other, and many persons who
+were friends before, have become the bitterest enemies."
+
+"Was there ever a civil war in England, mamma?"
+
+"Yes, my dear, more than once. The last was because many people thought
+they should like to have no king at all; I am going to buy you a little
+history of England, and then you will read about it."
+
+"I shall like to read about it," said Charles, "but what did the people
+do when they thought they should like to have no king?"
+
+"They said the king had done a great many things that were wrong, and so
+they put him in prison, and at last had his head cut off; do you know,
+Charles, which king it was who was beheaded?"
+
+"Yes, mamma; it was Charles the first."
+
+"Well, after Charles the first was beheaded, some of the people declared
+that his son should be king, and others said they would have no king at
+all, but that they would have somebody instead to manage the affairs of
+the country."
+
+"And I know who that was, mamma," said Charles, "it was Oliver Cromwell,
+I know he was not a king, but I did not understand how it was before."
+
+"And I suppose you also understand now, why this caused a civil war?"
+said his mamma.
+
+"Of course I do," replied Charles; "some people fought for the king, and
+some for Oliver Cromwell."
+
+"Yes," replied Mrs. Barker, "and for a long time the country was in a
+very unhappy state. The king was obliged to hide himself, for if he had
+been caught he would perhaps have been beheaded, as his poor father was.
+But at last he got away in a ship, and went to Holland, where he lived
+for some years; but at last his party was victorious, and he came back
+to England."
+
+"Then there was a king again," said Charles.
+
+[Illustration: CONVERSATIONS ON HISTORY: CHARLES IInd.]
+
+"Yes, then there was a king again, he was Charles the second; and now
+every year on the day that he returned, the bells ring, and the guns are
+fired, it is the 29th of May, and is called king Charles's restoration.
+When May comes, if you listen on that day, you will hear the bells
+ringing very merrily, and then you will know what it is for."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I am glad of that, I like to know things, I
+wish I knew the history of every country in the world."
+
+"It is a very good thing to know a great deal of history," said his
+mamma; "and the best way of gaining this knowledge, is to read with
+attention the books that have been written on purpose to teach little
+boys history; they are the best for you to read now; then, when you are
+older, you will be able to understand the large books that are in your
+papa's book-case, and you may become acquainted with the history of the
+whole world, if you like."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. V.
+
+
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+"Papa," said Charles, "I should like to know what a missionary is."
+
+"Your desire can very easily be gratified," replied his papa; "but what
+has made you think of missionaries just now?"
+
+"Because I read in the newspaper, this morning, that the day before
+yesterday there was a great crowd at St. Katharine's docks to take leave
+of a missionary who was going to one of the South Sea islands; and it
+said that a great deal of money had been given to him, and that when the
+ship began to sail, all the people waved their hats, and wished him
+success. Now I want to know what he was going for, and why every body
+was so glad?"
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD.]
+
+"Then I will tell you, Charles. Missionaries are good and religious men,
+who go out to different parts of the world, on purpose to benefit those
+poor ignorant creatures whom we call savages, by teaching them religion,
+and also such arts as they are capable of learning."
+
+"That is very kind of them," said Charles; "for it cannot be very
+pleasant to live among savages."
+
+"No, my dear; but these good men do not consider what is pleasant, they
+only consider what is right; and that is the proper way to think, is it
+not?"
+
+"Oh yes, papa, I know that we ought all to do what is right, whether it
+is pleasant or not."
+
+"Certainly, Charles, and in the end it is sure to be the most pleasant,
+because it is a great pleasure to know that we have done what is right.
+But we were talking of missionaries. For several hundred years the
+people of England and Germany, and other Christian countries, have
+considered it a part of their duty to teach the Christian religion in
+all parts of the world; for in many nations, Charles, they are so
+ignorant that instead of praying to God, they worship images, which they
+make themselves."
+
+"They are very wicked, then?" said Charles.
+
+"No, they are not wicked," replied his papa, "because they know no
+better; they do what they believe to be right; and as long as we do what
+we think is right, we cannot be wicked, although we may be mistaken."
+
+"Then the missionaries go to teach them better, I suppose?" said
+Charles.
+
+"Yes, my dear, these good men are so anxious to do good to their fellow
+creatures, that they do not mind the difficulties and dangers they meet
+with; and it is no easy matter I assure you Charles, for many of them
+have been cruelly murdered by the barbarians they were trying to
+instruct."
+
+"Poor men," said Charles, "how sorry I am for them; but why do any more
+of them go, papa, if they are so badly treated?"
+
+"Because though some have been unfortunate, others have done a great
+deal of good; for instance, the missionary you read about this morning,
+went out a great many years ago to some of the South Sea islands, which
+he found inhabited by savages who knew nothing, and lived more like wild
+beasts than men; but he contrived to make friends of them, and has
+taught them to build houses, cultivate the earth, build ships, and make
+many useful articles of furniture, and tools to dig and plant the
+ground; and although all these things are of a very rough kind, it is
+better than not knowing how to make them at all, you know."
+
+"To be sure it is," replied Charles; "besides, perhaps they will go on
+making them better and better, till at last they will make very good
+things indeed."
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD.]
+
+"Yes, my boy, that is the right way, not only with the savages, but with
+ourselves: When once we know the manner of doing a thing, we may then
+improve upon it as much as we can, the same as with your writing, each
+copy ought to be done better than the last."
+
+"But now you have not told me why they have given money to the
+missionary, papa."
+
+"Because he has come to England to buy clothes, tools, seeds, and other
+things for the use and improvement of the South Sea Islanders. The
+English people are always ready to assist in any good work; and so
+numbers of persons have given money, till it has amounted to several
+hundred pounds, which has enabled the good missionary to take back with
+him a large store of useful articles."
+
+"Well, that is an excellent plan," said Charles, "I should not wonder if
+these poor savages in time become very clever fellows, and make their
+island a capital place, and all through this good missionary."
+
+"Yes, Charles, so we see how much may be done by one person alone, if he
+will take the pains. But there is one thing that the missionary has
+taught the savages, which is better than all the rest; he has taught
+them to know that there is a God, who made the world, and all that is in
+it, and that those who love him, and keep his commandments, will be
+rewarded in the world to come."
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE; OR, ANOTHER
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at
+Charles., by Julia Corner</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>
+
+Title: More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at Charles.
+
+Author: Julia Corner
+
+Release Date: February 15, 2004  [eBook #11099]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR, ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.***
+</pre>
+<br>
+<br>
+<center><b>E-text prepared by Internet Archive;<br>
+            The Baldwin Library, University of Florida;<br>
+            and Andrea Ball and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</b></center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<hr>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<a name="image-1"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="incas.jpg" width="225" height="289"
+alt="THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH" ></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>
+    The Baldwin Library<br />
+    University of Florida
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h1>MORE  SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;</h1>
+<h2>OR,  ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.</h2>
+
+<h2>BEING, AN ACCOUNT OF<br />
+    CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING;<br />
+    ABOUT BLACK SLAVES;<br />
+    A CONVERSATION ON HISTORY; AND<br />
+    MISSIONARIES.
+</h2>
+
+<h3>
+    BY MISS JULIA CORNER.
+</h3>
+<h3>
+    EMBELLISHED WITH SEVEN ELEGANT COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>
+    LONDON
+</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH1">CHAP.  I.</a></p>
+<h4>CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH2">CHAP. II.</a></p>
+<h4>BLACK SLAVES.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH3">CHAP. III.</a></p>
+<h4>A VISIT TO THE THEATER.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH4">CHAP. IV.</a></p>
+<h4>CONVERSATION ON HISTORY.</h4>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#CH5">CHAP. V.</a></p>
+<h4>MISSIONARIES.</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-1">
+    THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-2">
+    LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-3">
+    THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-4">
+   MAN (Drawing)
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-5">
+   LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-6">
+    CONVERSATIONS IN HISTORY. CHARLES IInd
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-7">
+    THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD
+</a>
+<p class="toc"><a href="#image-8">
+    THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD
+</a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2>
+    MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;<br >
+    OR,  ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+</h2>
+<a name="CH1"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. I.</h3>
+<h4>CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.</h4>
+<p>
+    You have heard a great deal about Charles in the Seeds of Useful
+    Knowledge; perhaps you would like to hear a little more about him; for,
+    as he was never tired of learning good things, I might fill many books,
+    if I were to speak of every thing that his papa and mamma taught him.
+    But I dare say all the boys and girls who read this, have kind parents
+    or friends who teach them, as well as Charles's papa and mamma taught
+    him; so I will only mention such things as they may not perhaps yet have
+    heard.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But first of all, I must tell you what Charles has been doing, since you
+    heard of him last. He was now a year older than he was then, and he was
+    also wiser, for he could write pretty well, and read without spelling
+    the long words; he knew the multiplication table, and the pence table
+    too; and could do sums in multiplication without a mistake, when he took
+    pains; but sometimes, when he was careless, or in a hurry, the sums were
+    wrong: however, I am happy to say that did not happen very often.
+    Besides all these things, Charles learned grammar, and geography, and
+    could decline many Latin nouns; which was very well for a little boy not
+    quite seven years old. But of all his lessons he liked geography best,
+    he liked to find out places in the maps, and to know whereabouts the
+    different countries were that he heard people talk of; and then his papa
+    was often kind to tell him amusing stories about the inhabitants of
+    those countries, and he also told him what things are brought from them:
+    for instance, Charles knew that tea grows in China, which is in Asia;
+    and sugar in the West-Indies; that the rose-wood that his mamma's chairs
+    and card tables were made of, grew in a country called Brazil in South
+    America; and that the raisins in the plum-pudding on Christmas day, were
+    dried grapes, and came from Spain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Papa," said Charles one night, when he was, as usual, telling his papa
+    what he had done in the course of the day,&mdash;"I wish I might learn more
+    geography, instead of any grammar; I like it so much better: I like
+    geography very much, but I do not like grammar at all."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is your objection to grammar, Charles?" said his papa.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, why&mdash;there is nothing amusing in it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And do you not think there is some other reason for learning, besides
+    being amused?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes; I think we learn that we may grow wise; but I don't want to leave
+    off learning, papa; I only want to learn something else, instead of
+    grammar?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Barber laughed, and told Charles, that no other kind of knowledge
+    would be of much use to him without grammar, since nothing else would
+    teach him to speak or write like a gentleman.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Don't I speak like a gentleman now, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "You speak pretty well for a little boy, my dear; but you often make
+    mistakes, which we think nothing of now, because we know that when you
+    have learnt a little more grammar, you will know better; but if you were
+    to make such mistakes when you are a man, you would be thought an
+    ignorant person, and not be treated with respect."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Can you tell me of any mistakes I make now papa?"
+</p>
+<p class="ctr"><a name="image-2"></a>
+<img src="geography.jpg" width="289" height="382"
+alt="LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh yes, I think I could very soon tell you of a great many. Just now,
+    when you were standing at the window, I heard you say,&mdash;'There goes two
+    white horses!' now that was a very great blunder, Charles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Was it, papa;&mdash;why?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because it showed that you did not know the difference between singular
+    and plural."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But I do know the difference&mdash;singular means one thing, and plural
+    means more than one."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Exactly, so now try to find out the blunder."
+</p>
+<p>
+    Charles repeated the words two or three times, "there goes two white
+    horses;" but he could not find out what was wrong, and after puzzling
+    for a long while, he was obliged to give it up, and his papa
+    said,&mdash;"Suppose you had been talking about those horses before you saw
+    them go by, should you have said, 'there they goes?'" "No," said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I should have said&mdash;'there they go.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And why should you have said so?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because it is not right to say&mdash;'there they goes'; nobody says so, but
+    very ignorant people indeed; I heard the butcher's boy say so one day;
+    but then, you know, he is a poor ignorant boy and I dare say has never
+    learnt any thing."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "How did you know that he was an ignorant boy, Charles?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I knew it by his speaking wrong, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then you see it was true what I told you that if you speak wrong,
+    people will directly think you are an ignorant person, as you thought
+    the butcher's boy."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But I should never say, 'there they goes,'" said Charles, "I know
+    better than that."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Ah, Charles," said his papa, "you must learn a little more grammar, and
+    then you will know that you made exactly the same blunder as the
+    butcher's boy, when you said, 'there <i>goes</i> two white horses,' you
+    should have said, 'there <i>go</i> two white horses.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Should I? I did not know that," said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Which shews how necessary it is, that you should learn grammar, my
+    boy, and then you will know that go is plural, and goes is singular, so
+    that if you are speaking of more than one horse, it is proper to say go,
+    because we say, 'they go;' but if you are speaking of only one, it is
+    proper to say goes, because we should say, 'he goes.'"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, papa, I think I shall remember that, and I will not wish to
+    leave off grammar, for I see that geography would not teach me to speak
+    properly; and I should not like to be thought an ignorant man when I
+    grow up."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I hope not, my dear, and I also hope there is no danger of such a
+    misfortune, for you have a great many years to learn in; and if you make
+    good use of them, you will know a great deal by the time you are
+    twenty."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "So I shall," said Charles, "I will learn as much as I can every day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "A very good resolution," said his papa; "education is one of the best
+    things in the world. I will tell you an entertaining story on this very
+    subject."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Do, papa, I should like to hear it very much; I am so fond of stories."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But this is a true one, Charles, which makes it all the better. You
+    have seen in your map of America, a country called Peru?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," answered Charles; "I saw it this morning, when I was saying my
+    geography lesson to mamma; I had to say all the countries in South
+    America, and Peru was one of them."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, this country was once governed by a king who was called an Inca,
+    and his name was Atabalipa; but although he was a king, he knew neither
+    how to read nor write, for reading and writing were arts that were not
+    known in America at that time."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What are arts, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Arts are those things which men have taught themselves to do by their
+    own skill and invention; making tables and chairs, is an art; Printing
+    is an art, and a very clever art it is; building is an art; and reading
+    and writing are arts; but at the time I am speaking of, there were very
+    few arts known in America, for it was mostly inhabited by savages; and
+    even in Peru, where they were not savages, they were quite ignorant;
+    they had no books, and would not have known how to read them if they
+    had, and they thought they were the only people in the world besides the
+    savages."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then, I dare say, they thought themselves very clever fellows," said
+    Charles, "for all they could not read or write; for you know, papa, if
+    they thought there was nobody in the world but them and the savages,
+    they would not know there were any people cleverer than themselves."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, I have no doubt they were quite satisfied with themselves, my dear,
+    and not without reason, for they had taught themselves many useful
+    things; but at last they found out that there were people in the world
+    who were cleverer than they were as you shall hear. There was a Spanish
+    soldier, named Pizarro, who happened to hear that there was a great deal
+    of gold and silver to be found in Peru; so he thought he would go there,
+    and try if he could not make himself rich. Pizarro was a fierce, cruel
+    man, but he had been brought up in total ignorance; for his mother was a
+    very poor woman, and could not afford to send him to school, therefore
+    he had never learned to read or write. However he could fight, and so he
+    took a number of other soldiers with him, and went to Peru, where the
+    people were so surprised at the sight of him and his men, who were not
+    like any men they had seen before, that they were afraid; therefore the
+    Spaniards very easily conquered them, and robbed them of their gold, and
+    at last took the Inca prisoner, and kept him confined in a small room,
+    where he would have been very unhappy; but that he was very much amused,
+    by observing how many things the Spaniards knew that he had never before
+    heard of.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "He was astonished to see that they could tell the hour of the day by
+    their watches, and thought the Europeans must be very wonderful people
+    indeed, to make such clever things; but what pleased him more than all,
+    was the art of writing. He could not imagine how one person could know
+    what another meant by looking at a few black marks, and he thought that
+    men who could do this, must be far superior to the Peruvians, and
+    therefore felt a respect even for the common soldiers who guarded him;
+    for he saw that they had more knowledge than he had, although a king.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Now Pizarro was the general of the soldiers, and of course the greatest
+    man among them; and he had also become very rich by conquering the
+    Peruvians, and plundering their towns, that is, taking away all the gold
+    and silver he found: and Atabalipa supposed that, as he was the chief of
+    the Spaniards, he must be the cleverest of them too; but one day he
+    happened to find out by accident, that Pizarro could neither read nor
+    write, and this discovery made him think so meanly of his conqueror,
+    that from that moment he treated him with great contempt, saying that
+    Pizarro, though a general, could not be a person of any consequence in
+    his own country; since his common soldiers were better taught than
+    himself."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, papa," said Charles, "that is just such a story as I like,
+    and I see that it is of no use to be rich and great, if we are not wise
+    also."
+</p>
+<a name="image-3"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="african.jpg" width="284" height="373"
+alt="THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN">
+</p>
+<a name="CH2"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. II.</h3>
+<h4>BLACK SLAVES.</h4>
+<p>
+    Charles used to go every fine day after his lessons were finished, to
+    play in the square gardens; and as all the other boys whose parents
+    lived in the square went there too, he had several friends, and amongst
+    them one a little older than himself, named Peter Ross, whom he liked
+    better than any of the rest.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Peter was not an English boy, he was a West-Indian: his father and
+    mother lived in Jamaica, but they had sent him to England to be
+    educated, so he lived with his uncle in Euston-square, and went every
+    day to the London University school. Charles was very fond of talking
+    to Peter, because Peter told about the slaves that worked on his
+    father's plantations, for his father was a sugar planter, and had a
+    large estate in Jamaica, so he was obliged to keep a great many negro
+    slaves, for all the plantations in the West-Indies, are cultivated by
+    negroes.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I wish I had a slave," said Charles to his papa one evening, after he
+    had been playing with Peter. "Do you know, papa, when Peter was at home
+    in the West-Indies, he had a slave of his own, a black boy, to wait upon
+    him, and do every thing he wanted; and Peter was his master, and he was
+    not older, then, than I am. What a nice thing it must be to have a slave
+    of one's own; I should get him to carry my kite, and my hoop and stick,
+    when I don't want to bowl it, and mend my toys when I break them, and do
+    a great many things for me. He could move my rocking horse, and that
+    great wooden box where I keep my bats and balls, for it is too heavy for
+    me to lift myself, and I often want it moved: really a slave would be
+    very useful to me, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    Mr. Barker could not help laughing at Charles's idea of the usefulness
+    of a slave, and asked him if he knew exactly what slaves were.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," replied Charles; "they are black people."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "A great many slaves are black, certainly," said his papa, "but is not
+    being black, that makes a man a slave, and there have been many
+    unfortunate white people sold for slaves, as well as the poor blacks."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Sold!" said Charles, "what, do they sell people, I never heard of that
+    before."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then I will tell you now, my dear, and I think you will never again
+    wish to have a slave. When America was first discovered, which is about
+    three hundred and fifty years ago, there were many gold mines found in
+    the West-Indies, all the mountains contained a vast quantity of gold,
+    but it was very hard work to dig for it, and the natives of the country,
+    who were savages, were not strong, and had never been used to work; so
+    that the Spaniards who had discovered the country, could not get as much
+    gold as they wished, although they were cruel enough to force the poor
+    savages to work in the mines, and chained them together; that they might
+    not run away; poor creatures! they were much to be pitied, and numbers
+    of them died every day, for they had not strength to bear such hard
+    labour. So when the Spaniards found that the Indians could not do as
+    much work as they wanted done, they employed sailors to go to Africa and
+    bring them a number of black men from that country; for they knew the
+    Africans were strong, and that they could make them work as hard as they
+    pleased."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But why did the Africans go, papa?" said Charles, whose eyes were full
+    of tears at this sad tale. "Why did they not send the sailors away
+    again, and say they would not go with them?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They most likely would have done so," replied his papa; "if they had
+    known how they would be treated; but the sailors said they would take
+    them to a fine country, where they would get plenty of food without any
+    trouble, and live much better than they did in their own country; so the
+    simple negroes believed them, and went on board their ships; but they
+    soon found out how wrong they had been to trust these wicked men; for
+    when they came to the place where they expected to be so happy, they
+    were all sold as if they had been beasts, instead of men, and sent to
+    work in the mines; where they led a very miserable life indeed, for the
+    cruel masters who had bought them, did not care what they suffered, so
+    long as they got plenty of gold.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "This was the beginning of what is called the slave trade, and a
+    dreadful trade it has been ever since; for when the captains of ships
+    found how much money the Spaniards would give for negroes, they went
+    again to Africa; and when the black men refused to go with them, they
+    took them by force, and carried them on board the ships, where they
+    tied them together, so that it was impossible for them to escape. You
+    would think it a very hard case, Charles, if you were walking by the sea
+    shore, and two or three men were to come and carry you away by force to
+    a distant land, and sell you to somebody who would make you work hard
+    for him all the rest of your life, and consider you as much his
+    property, as if he had bought a horse or a dog."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But they would have no right to sell me," said Charles, "I do not
+    belong to them."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Neither do those poor Africans belong to the men who sell them; they
+    have as much right to be free and happy, as you or I have."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then how is it, papa, that Peter's father has slaves? he is an
+    Englishman."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, Charles, I am sorry to say, that Englishmen, as well as Spaniards,
+    have traded in slaves, for when some of the West-India islands came into
+    the possession of the English, they found the negroes so useful, and
+    made so much money by their labour, that they forgot how unjust it was
+    to keep them in slavery. However, I am happy to say, that a law is now
+    in operation which will soon set all the slaves free. In a very short
+    time, the negroes will be at liberty like other working men; and the
+    masters, instead of buying them, must hire them like servants, and pay
+    them wages; and they will be able to leave their master if he does not
+    treat them well, and get another place, as our servants do."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Ah, how glad I am," said Charles, "that will be a good thing for the
+    poor blacks. I do not wish to have a slave now, papa; I would not have
+    one for the world. But Peter's father's slaves do not work in the gold
+    mines, they make sugar: why is that?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because there are no gold mines now in the West-Indies worth working,"
+    said Mr. Barker; "the Spaniards took care to get all the gold there was,
+    but people still make large fortunes there, by growing sugar; and there
+    are still gold mines in other parts of America, where negro slaves
+    work."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "How does sugar grow?" enquired Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is made from the juice of reeds, called sugar canes," said his
+    papa.&mdash;"A plantation of sugar canes is very pretty, they grow very high,
+    and are of a beautiful gold colour, streaked with red; and at the top of
+    this yellow cane are long green leaves, which hang down round it: but
+    this is not all, for out of the midst of these leaves, there grows a
+    long stem, like a thin silver wand; and at the top of it, is something
+    that looks like a plume of white feathers, edged with lilac."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, how beautiful!" exclaimed Charles:&mdash;"I should like to go to the
+    West-Indies, if it was only to see a sugar plantation; but how do they
+    get the sugar, papa?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "When the canes are ripe, Charles, the negroes cut them down, and tie
+    them up in bundles, and carry them to a mill, where the juice is pressed
+    out.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "This juice is boiled several times in large coppers, and the coarse
+    parts separated from the fine, which at last dries into sugar. It is all
+    brown at first, or what you call moist sugar; but by mixing different
+    things with it, and boiling it again in a particular manner, they can
+    make lump sugar, and sugar candy; and this is done by the black slaves,
+    who have been dragged away from their own country to be sold to the
+    planters: so you see Charles, that even so simple a thing as a lump of
+    sugar, is the cause of a vast deal of cruelty and injustice."
+</p>
+<a name="image-4"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="man.jpg" width="115" height="114"
+alt="MAN (Drawing)">
+</p>
+<a name="CH3"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. III.</h3>
+<h4>A VISIT TO THE THEATRE.</h4>
+<p>
+    Charles had never seen a play; but his papa and mamma had always
+    promised him that when he was seven years old, they would take him to
+    Covent-Garden Theatre, and as that time had now nearly come, he did not
+    forget to remind them of their promise. His birth-day was the fifteenth
+    of January, which was lucky, because they always perform pantomimes in
+    the Christmas holidays, and he was very desirous of seeing harlequin and
+    columbine, and the clown, as he had heard a great deal about them from
+    his young friends in the square, who had been to see them. As the day
+    approached, Charles could think of nothing but the play, and said he
+    thought it would be the happiest day of his life; but his mamma told him
+    she hoped he would have much greater cause to be happy many days of his
+    life, than going to a theatre; however Charles did not think there could
+    be any greater cause for happiness, and his mamma said, it was as well
+    for him to think so: The night before his birth-day, he went to bed in
+    high spirits, saying he was sure he should not be able to sleep all
+    night; but that was a mistake, for he went to sleep almost directly; and
+    did not wake till the morning.
+</p>
+<a name="image-5"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="pantomime.jpg" width="288" height="373"
+alt="LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME">
+</p>
+<p>
+    As soon as he was dressed, he ran down stairs to breakfast, with a
+    smiling face. "Here is the day come at last!" he said, "I am so glad
+    mamma, I wish it was night; I am seven years old to-day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear," said his mamma, "and I wish you many happy returns of
+    the day."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, mamma, but I have a great favour to ask you."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is it? Charles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I am afraid you will not do it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "If it is any thing very unreasonable, perhaps I shall not," said his
+    mamma; "but if it is not very unreasonable, I think, as it is your
+    birth-day, I may venture to promise that I will do it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then this is it," said Charles; "Peter has never been to the play in
+    his life, and he said yesterday, he should like to go with me; so I wish
+    you would take him with us; he would be so pleased."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well then, we will take him with us," said Mrs. Barker; "and I am glad
+    to find that you think of other people's pleasure, as well as your own;
+    it shows that you are not selfish."
+</p>
+<p>
+    A message was then sent to Peter's uncle, who readily gave his consent,
+    which made Charles happier than he was before.
+</p>
+<p>
+    At six o'clock Peter came; and very much delighted he looked, as well
+    he might, for he had not expected so great a pleasure; and then both the
+    boys watched at the window for Mr. Barker, who had not yet come home;
+    but he soon came, when they all got into a coach, and away they drove.
+</p>
+<p>
+    The play was to be Macbeth, which Charles said was very fortunate,
+    because he had read about him in 'Tales of a Grandfather,' but Peter had
+    never read 'Tales of Grandfather,' nor any history of Scotland, so he
+    did not know who Macbeth was, therefore Mr. Barker was kind enough to
+    tell him the whole story as they went along; that he might be able to
+    understand what he was going to see. Perhaps some other little boys
+    would like to hear it too, so I will tell it.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "There was once a king of Scotland, named Duncan, who was a good man,
+    and much beloved by his subjects. This king had a cousin named Macbeth,
+    who being the bravest general in Scotland, was employed by Duncan to
+    fight all his battles for him, when he was too old to fight them
+    himself; but Macbeth, although a brave man, was not a good man, and
+    besides that, he had a very wicked wife, who wanted to be a queen, and
+    therefore she tried to persuade her husband to kill Duncan, that he
+    might be made king in his stead.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "At this time the Danes, who came from Denmark, invaded Scotland; that
+    is, they came there to fight the Scots, and try to conquer the country:
+    but they were disappointed, for Macbeth went with a large army to the
+    place where they had landed, and having killed a great number of them in
+    a battle, he forced the rest to return to Denmark.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "When Duncan heard that Macbeth had gained this victory, and driven his
+    enemies out of Scotland, he was so much pleased, that he went, with his
+    two sons, to pay him a visit at his castle; but he little thought, poor
+    old man, what was going to happen, for in the middle of the night, when
+    he was fast asleep, Macbeth went softly into his room, and killed him
+    with a dagger. So in the morning, when it became known that the king was
+    murdered, Macbeth pretended to be very much surprised and grieved at it,
+    and although the people all thought he had done it himself, they were
+    afraid to say so; and he was made king of Scotland. But wickedness is
+    sure to be punished, as you shall hear; for the two young Princes,
+    Malcolm and Donald Bane, as soon as they heard their father was dead,
+    escaped from the castle, fearing that if they staid they might be killed
+    too.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Now happened that at that very time there was in England a very good
+    king, called Edward the Confessor, who was an enemy to all bad men;
+    therefore the Scottish princes determined to go to his court, and tell
+    him what Macbeth had done; for they did not doubt that when he heard of
+    it, he would render them some assistance; and they were not mistaken.
+    The English king declared that he would revenge the death of Duncan,
+    and place Malcolm on the throne; so he sent a large army into Scotland,
+    to fight for the young prince, and Macbeth was killed in a battle, which
+    gave great joy to the people, who were very glad to have Malcolm for
+    their king. All this happened nearly eight hundred years ago, and
+    Malcolm, who is called in the history of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, was
+    one of the best kings that ever reigned over that country."
+</p>
+<p>
+    By the time Mr. Barker had finished this story they had arrived at the
+    theatre, and were just seated in the front row of a box, as the curtain
+    drew up. The two boys liked the play very much, although it made them
+    rather dull; but they were merry enough when the pantomime began, for it
+    was full of fun, from beginning to end, and Charles could not help
+    exclaiming every now and then, "Oh, what capital fun!"
+</p>
+<p>
+    He was very much astonished at the wonderful tricks performed by
+    harlequin with his magic sword, for to those who have never seen a
+    pantomime before, it must be rather surprising to see a wheelbarrow
+    turned into a steam carriage, and an umbrella into an arm chair. But
+    what amused Charles and Peter more than all the rest, was a large pie
+    which was brought in and placed on a table, where the king and queen,
+    with several lords and ladies were sitting at dinner, all seemingly very
+    anxious to taste of this pie. But the moment it was cut, a whistling
+    noise was heard, and a number of little birds hopped out of the pie, and
+    flew away, leaving the dish quite empty, to the great amusement of all
+    the boys and girls in the theatre, who laughed very loud indeed.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But pleasure cannot last for ever. The pantomime was soon over, and as
+    Charles went home, he said he should like to go to the play every night,
+    all the rest of his life&mdash;"Ah, Charles,"&mdash;said his papa, "we are all apt
+    to like what is new to us, but you will find out, my boy, that people
+    get tired even of pleasure, if they have too much of it."
+</p>
+<a name="CH4"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. IV.</h3>
+<h4>CONVERSATION ON HISTORY</h4>
+<p>
+    On the morning after the play, Charles was thinking about the king of
+    Scotland, and he asked his mamma why there was no king of Scotland now,
+    as there used to be, and she told him that England and Scotland were now
+    considered only as one kingdom, and called Great Britain.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," said Charles, "I know that the queen of England is queen of
+    Scotland too; but I want to know how it came to be so; because you see,
+    mamma, that when Duncan was king of Scotland, there was a king of
+    England as well."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear," and for five hundred years after Duncan was murdered,
+    there were kings of Scotland and England also; but when Queen Elizabeth
+    died, her nearest relation happened to be the king of Scotland, James
+    the sixth; he was her cousin, and as she left neither brothers nor
+    sisters, nor children, James became king of England as well as of his
+    own country; and since that time there has been but one king to govern
+    both kingdoms."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Thank you, mamma," said Charles, "I could not think how it was before;
+    but do you think it is best to have one king or two?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I think it is best to have but one, because, if you look at your map,
+    you will see that England and Scotland together make one large island;
+    and while they were separate kingdoms, they were frequently at war with
+    each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What did they go to war for, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I believe, Charles, the true cause generally was, that the English king
+    thought he should like to have the whole island for himself; but what
+    made the matter worse was, that as the people who were fighting against
+    each other, all lived in the same island, it was almost as bad as a
+    civil war."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "What is a civil war, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is when the people of any country cannot agree among themselves, and
+    so make war upon each other: there have been civil wars in all countries
+    at different times; they are the most dreadful of all wars, because
+    relations and friends are often fighting in battle against each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, what a shocking thing!" said Charles; "But why do they do it mamma?
+    I cannot think why people should fight battles with one another."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I will try to explain it, my dear: There is at present a civil war in
+    Spain, because when the last king died, some of the people said that his
+    daughter should be queen, and others said his brother should be king; so
+    the daughter was placed on the throne and crowned; but the brother,
+    whose name is Don Carlos, is very angry at this, because he thinks he
+    has the greatest right to the crown; so he has persuaded all who are on
+    his side, to go to war with all who are in favour of the queen,
+    therefore the Spaniards are now fighting against each other."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Which do you think will win?" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I cannot possibly say, my dear. But I wish to show you, Charles, the
+    terrible consequences of a civil war. It may happen that fathers and
+    sons are of different opinions, and that one fights for the queen, and
+    the other for the king; and then it is possible that in battle the son
+    may kill his father, or the father his son."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh, that would be shocking!" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And yet it has sometimes happened," said his mamma; "there have been
+    brothers too, who have fought against each other, and many persons who
+    were friends before, have become the bitterest enemies."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Was there ever a civil war in England, mamma?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear, more than once. The last was because many people thought
+    they should like to have no king at all; I am going to buy you a little
+    history of England, and then you will read about it."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "I shall like to read about it," said Charles, "but what did the people
+    do when they thought they should like to have no king?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They said the king had done a great many things that were wrong, and so
+    they put him in prison, and at last had his head cut off; do you know,
+    Charles, which king it was who was beheaded?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, mamma; it was Charles the first."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, after Charles the first was beheaded, some of the people declared
+    that his son should be king, and others said they would have no king at
+    all, but that they would have somebody instead to manage the affairs of
+    the country."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And I know who that was, mamma," said Charles, "it was Oliver Cromwell,
+    I know he was not a king, but I did not understand how it was before."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "And I suppose you also understand now, why this caused a civil war?"
+    said his mamma.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Of course I do," replied Charles; "some people fought for the king, and
+    some for Oliver Cromwell."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes," replied Mrs. Barker, "and for a long time the country was in a
+    very unhappy state. The king was obliged to hide himself, for if he had
+    been caught he would perhaps have been beheaded, as his poor father was.
+    But at last he got away in a ship, and went to Holland, where he lived
+    for some years; but at last his party was victorious, and he came back
+    to England."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then there was a king again," said Charles.
+</p>
+<a name="image-6"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="history.jpg" width="293" height="384"
+alt="CONVERSATIONS ON HISTORY: CHARLES IInd">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, then there was a king again, he was Charles the second; and now
+    every year on the day that he returned, the bells ring, and the guns are
+    fired, it is the 29th of May, and is called king Charles's restoration.
+    When May comes, if you listen on that day, you will hear the bells
+    ringing very merrily, and then you will know what it is for."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "So I shall," said Charles, "I am glad of that, I like to know things, I
+    wish I knew the history of every country in the world."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "It is a very good thing to know a great deal of history," said his
+    mamma; "and the best way of gaining this knowledge, is to read with
+    attention the books that have been written on purpose to teach little
+    boys history; they are the best for you to read now; then, when you are
+    older, you will be able to understand the large books that are in your
+    papa's book-case, and you may become acquainted with the history of the
+    whole world, if you like."
+</p>
+<a name="CH5"></a>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>CHAP. V.</h3>
+<h4>MISSIONARIES.</h4>
+<p>
+    "Papa," said Charles, "I should like to know what a missionary is."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Your desire can very easily be gratified," replied his papa; "but what
+    has made you think of missionaries just now?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because I read in the newspaper, this morning, that the day before
+    yesterday there was a great crowd at St. Katharine's docks to take leave
+    of a missionary who was going to one of the South Sea islands; and it
+    said that a great deal of money had been given to him, and that when the
+    ship began to sail, all the people waved their hats, and wished him
+    success. Now I want to know what he was going for, and why every body
+    was so glad?"
+</p>
+<a name="image-7"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="abroad.jpg" width="293" height="383"
+alt="THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then I will tell you, Charles. Missionaries are good and religious men,
+    who go out to different parts of the world, on purpose to benefit those
+    poor ignorant creatures whom we call savages, by teaching them religion,
+    and also such arts as they are capable of learning."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "That is very kind of them," said Charles; "for it cannot be very
+    pleasant to live among savages."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, my dear; but these good men do not consider what is pleasant, they
+    only consider what is right; and that is the proper way to think, is it
+    not?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Oh yes, papa, I know that we ought all to do what is right, whether it
+    is pleasant or not."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Certainly, Charles, and in the end it is sure to be the most pleasant,
+    because it is a great pleasure to know that we have done what is right.
+    But we were talking of missionaries. For several hundred years the
+    people of England and Germany, and other Christian countries, have
+    considered it a part of their duty to teach the Christian religion in
+    all parts of the world; for in many nations, Charles, they are so
+    ignorant that instead of praying to God, they worship images, which they
+    make themselves."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "They are very wicked, then?" said Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "No, they are not wicked," replied his papa, "because they know no
+    better; they do what they believe to be right; and as long as we do what
+    we think is right, we cannot be wicked, although we may be mistaken."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Then the missionaries go to teach them better, I suppose?" said
+    Charles.
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my dear, these good men are so anxious to do good to their fellow
+    creatures, that they do not mind the difficulties and dangers they meet
+    with; and it is no easy matter I assure you Charles, for many of them
+    have been cruelly murdered by the barbarians they were trying to
+    instruct."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Poor men," said Charles, "how sorry I am for them; but why do any more
+    of them go, papa, if they are so badly treated?"
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because though some have been unfortunate, others have done a great
+    deal of good; for instance, the missionary you read about this morning,
+    went out a great many years ago to some of the South Sea islands, which
+    he found inhabited by savages who knew nothing, and lived more like wild
+    beasts than men; but he contrived to make friends of them, and has
+    taught them to build houses, cultivate the earth, build ships, and make
+    many useful articles of furniture, and tools to dig and plant the
+    ground; and although all these things are of a very rough kind, it is
+    better than not knowing how to make them at all, you know."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "To be sure it is," replied Charles; "besides, perhaps they will go on
+    making them better and better, till at last they will make very good
+    things indeed."
+</p>
+<a name="image-8"></a>
+<p class="ctr"><img src="build.jpg" width="295" height="384"
+alt="THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD">
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, my boy, that is the right way, not only with the savages, but with
+    ourselves: When once we know the manner of doing a thing, we may then
+    improve upon it as much as we can, the same as with your writing, each
+    copy ought to be done better than the last."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "But now you have not told me why they have given money to the
+    missionary, papa."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Because he has come to England to buy clothes, tools, seeds, and other
+    things for the use and improvement of the South Sea Islanders. The
+    English people are always ready to assist in any good work; and so
+    numbers of persons have given money, till it has amounted to several
+    hundred pounds, which has enabled the good missionary to take back with
+    him a large store of useful articles."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Well, that is an excellent plan," said Charles, "I should not wonder if
+    these poor savages in time become very clever fellows, and make their
+    island a capital place, and all through this good missionary."
+</p>
+<p>
+    "Yes, Charles, so we see how much may be done by one person alone, if he
+    will take the pains. But there is one thing that the missionary has
+taught the savages, which is better than all the rest; he has taught
+them to know that there is a God, who made the world, and all that is in
+it, and that those who love him, and keep his commandments, will be
+rewarded in the world to come."
+</p>
+
+<hr>
+<pre>
+
+
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at
+Charles., by Julia Corner
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: More Seeds of Knowledge; Or, Another Peep at Charles.
+
+Author: Julia Corner
+
+Release Date: February 15, 2004  [eBook #11099]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE; OR,
+ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Internet Archive; The Baldwin Library, University of
+Florida; and Andrea Ball and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 11099-h.htm or 11099-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/0/9/11099/11099-h/11099-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/1/0/9/11099/11099-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR, ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+BEING, AN ACCOUNT OF
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+ABOUT BLACK SLAVES;
+A CONVERSATION ON HISTORY; AND
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+BY MISS JULIA CORNER.
+
+EMBELLISHED WITH SEVEN ELEGANT COLOURED ENGRAVINGS.
+
+LONDON:
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE INCA'S SURPRISE AT SEEING A WATCH.]
+
+
+
+
+MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE;
+OR,
+ANOTHER PEEP AT CHARLES.
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. I.
+
+
+CHARLES'S PROGRESS IN LEARNING.
+
+You have heard a great deal about Charles in the Seeds of Useful
+Knowledge; perhaps you would like to hear a little more about him; for,
+as he was never tired of learning good things, I might fill many books,
+if I were to speak of every thing that his papa and mamma taught him.
+But I dare say all the boys and girls who read this, have kind parents
+or friends who teach them, as well as Charles's papa and mamma taught
+him; so I will only mention such things as they may not perhaps yet have
+heard.
+
+But first of all, I must tell you what Charles has been doing, since you
+heard of him last. He was now a year older than he was then, and he was
+also wiser, for he could write pretty well, and read without spelling
+the long words; he knew the multiplication table, and the pence table
+too; and could do sums in multiplication without a mistake, when he took
+pains; but sometimes, when he was careless, or in a hurry, the sums were
+wrong: however, I am happy to say that did not happen very often.
+Besides all these things, Charles learned grammar, and geography, and
+could decline many Latin nouns; which was very well for a little boy not
+quite seven years old. But of all his lessons he liked geography best,
+he liked to find out places in the maps, and to know whereabouts the
+different countries were that he heard people talk of; and then his papa
+was often kind to tell him amusing stories about the inhabitants of
+those countries, and he also told him what things are brought from them:
+for instance, Charles knew that tea grows in China, which is in Asia;
+and sugar in the West-Indies; that the rose-wood that his mamma's chairs
+and card tables were made of, grew in a country called Brazil in South
+America; and that the raisins in the plum-pudding on Christmas day, were
+dried grapes, and came from Spain.
+
+"Papa," said Charles one night, when he was, as usual, telling his papa
+what he had done in the course of the day,--"I wish I might learn more
+geography, instead of any grammar; I like it so much better: I like
+geography very much, but I do not like grammar at all."
+
+"What is your objection to grammar, Charles?" said his papa.
+
+"Oh, why--there is nothing amusing in it."
+
+"And do you not think there is some other reason for learning, besides
+being amused?"
+
+"Yes; I think we learn that we may grow wise; but I don't want to leave
+off learning, papa; I only want to learn something else, instead of
+grammar?"
+
+Mr. Barber laughed, and told Charles, that no other kind of knowledge
+would be of much use to him without grammar, since nothing else would
+teach him to speak or write like a gentleman.
+
+"Don't I speak like a gentleman now, papa?"
+
+"You speak pretty well for a little boy, my dear; but you often make
+mistakes, which we think nothing of now, because we know that when you
+have learnt a little more grammar, you will know better; but if you were
+to make such mistakes when you are a man, you would be thought an
+ignorant person, and not be treated with respect."
+
+"Can you tell me of any mistakes I make now papa?"
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES LEARNING GEOGRAPHY.]
+
+"Oh yes, I think I could very soon tell you of a great many. Just now,
+when you were standing at the window, I heard you say,--'There goes two
+white horses!' now that was a very great blunder, Charles."
+
+"Was it, papa;--why?"
+
+"Because it showed that you did not know the difference between singular
+and plural."
+
+"But I do know the difference--singular means one thing, and plural
+means more than one."
+
+"Exactly, so now try to find out the blunder."
+
+Charles repeated the words two or three times, "there goes two white
+horses;" but he could not find out what was wrong, and after puzzling
+for a long while, he was obliged to give it up, and his papa
+said,--"Suppose you had been talking about those horses before you saw
+them go by, should you have said, 'there they goes?'" "No," said Charles.
+
+"I should have said--'there they go.'"
+
+"And why should you have said so?"
+
+"Because it is not right to say--'there they goes'; nobody says so, but
+very ignorant people indeed; I heard the butcher's boy say so one day;
+but then, you know, he is a poor ignorant boy and I dare say has never
+learnt any thing."
+
+"How did you know that he was an ignorant boy, Charles?"
+
+"I knew it by his speaking wrong, papa."
+
+"Then you see it was true what I told you that if you speak wrong,
+people will directly think you are an ignorant person, as you thought
+the butcher's boy."
+
+"But I should never say, 'there they goes,'" said Charles, "I know
+better than that."
+
+"Ah, Charles," said his papa, "you must learn a little more grammar, and
+then you will know that you made exactly the same blunder as the
+butcher's boy, when you said, 'there _goes_ two white horses,' you
+should have said, 'there _go_ two white horses.'"
+
+"Should I? I did not know that," said Charles.
+
+"Which shews how necessary it is, that you should learn grammar, my
+boy, and then you will know that go is plural, and goes is singular, so
+that if you are speaking of more than one horse, it is proper to say go,
+because we say, 'they go;' but if you are speaking of only one, it is
+proper to say goes, because we should say, 'he goes.'"
+
+"Thank you, papa, I think I shall remember that, and I will not wish to
+leave off grammar, for I see that geography would not teach me to speak
+properly; and I should not like to be thought an ignorant man when I
+grow up."
+
+"I hope not, my dear, and I also hope there is no danger of such a
+misfortune, for you have a great many years to learn in; and if you make
+good use of them, you will know a great deal by the time you are
+twenty."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I will learn as much as I can every day."
+
+"A very good resolution," said his papa; "education is one of the best
+things in the world. I will tell you an entertaining story on this very
+subject."
+
+"Do, papa, I should like to hear it very much; I am so fond of stories."
+
+"But this is a true one, Charles, which makes it all the better. You
+have seen in your map of America, a country called Peru?"
+
+"Yes," answered Charles; "I saw it this morning, when I was saying my
+geography lesson to mamma; I had to say all the countries in South
+America, and Peru was one of them."
+
+"Well, this country was once governed by a king who was called an Inca,
+and his name was Atabalipa; but although he was a king, he knew neither
+how to read nor write, for reading and writing were arts that were not
+known in America at that time."
+
+"What are arts, papa?"
+
+"Arts are those things which men have taught themselves to do by their
+own skill and invention; making tables and chairs, is an art; Printing
+is an art, and a very clever art it is; building is an art; and reading
+and writing are arts; but at the time I am speaking of, there were very
+few arts known in America, for it was mostly inhabited by savages; and
+even in Peru, where they were not savages, they were quite ignorant;
+they had no books, and would not have known how to read them if they
+had, and they thought they were the only people in the world besides the
+savages."
+
+"Then, I dare say, they thought themselves very clever fellows," said
+Charles, "for all they could not read or write; for you know, papa, if
+they thought there was nobody in the world but them and the savages,
+they would not know there were any people cleverer than themselves."
+
+"No, I have no doubt they were quite satisfied with themselves, my dear,
+and not without reason, for they had taught themselves many useful
+things; but at last they found out that there were people in the world
+who were cleverer than they were as you shall hear. There was a Spanish
+soldier, named Pizarro, who happened to hear that there was a great deal
+of gold and silver to be found in Peru; so he thought he would go there,
+and try if he could not make himself rich. Pizarro was a fierce, cruel
+man, but he had been brought up in total ignorance; for his mother was a
+very poor woman, and could not afford to send him to school, therefore
+he had never learned to read or write. However he could fight, and so he
+took a number of other soldiers with him, and went to Peru, where the
+people were so surprised at the sight of him and his men, who were not
+like any men they had seen before, that they were afraid; therefore the
+Spaniards very easily conquered them, and robbed them of their gold, and
+at last took the Inca prisoner, and kept him confined in a small room,
+where he would have been very unhappy; but that he was very much amused,
+by observing how many things the Spaniards knew that he had never before
+heard of.
+
+"He was astonished to see that they could tell the hour of the day by
+their watches, and thought the Europeans must be very wonderful people
+indeed, to make such clever things; but what pleased him more than all,
+was the art of writing. He could not imagine how one person could know
+what another meant by looking at a few black marks, and he thought that
+men who could do this, must be far superior to the Peruvians, and
+therefore felt a respect even for the common soldiers who guarded him;
+for he saw that they had more knowledge than he had, although a king.
+
+"Now Pizarro was the general of the soldiers, and of course the greatest
+man among them; and he had also become very rich by conquering the
+Peruvians, and plundering their towns, that is, taking away all the gold
+and silver he found: and Atabalipa supposed that, as he was the chief of
+the Spaniards, he must be the cleverest of them too; but one day he
+happened to find out by accident, that Pizarro could neither read nor
+write, and this discovery made him think so meanly of his conqueror,
+that from that moment he treated him with great contempt, saying that
+Pizarro, though a general, could not be a person of any consequence in
+his own country; since his common soldiers were better taught than
+himself."
+
+"Thank you, papa," said Charles, "that is just such a story as I like,
+and I see that it is of no use to be rich and great, if we are not wise
+also."
+
+[Illustration: THE AFRICAN TORN FROM HIS HOME BY WHITE-MAN.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. II.
+
+
+BLACK SLAVES.
+
+Charles used to go every fine day after his lessons were finished, to
+play in the square gardens; and as all the other boys whose parents
+lived in the square went there too, he had several friends, and amongst
+them one a little older than himself, named Peter Ross, whom he liked
+better than any of the rest.
+
+Peter was not an English boy, he was a West-Indian: his father and
+mother lived in Jamaica, but they had sent him to England to be
+educated, so he lived with his uncle in Euston-square, and went every
+day to the London University school. Charles was very fond of talking
+to Peter, because Peter told about the slaves that worked on his
+father's plantations, for his father was a sugar planter, and had a
+large estate in Jamaica, so he was obliged to keep a great many negro
+slaves, for all the plantations in the West-Indies, are cultivated by
+negroes.
+
+"I wish I had a slave," said Charles to his papa one evening, after he
+had been playing with Peter. "Do you know, papa, when Peter was at home
+in the West-Indies, he had a slave of his own, a black boy, to wait upon
+him, and do every thing he wanted; and Peter was his master, and he was
+not older, then, than I am. What a nice thing it must be to have a slave
+of one's own; I should get him to carry my kite, and my hoop and stick,
+when I don't want to bowl it, and mend my toys when I break them, and do
+a great many things for me. He could move my rocking horse, and that
+great wooden box where I keep my bats and balls, for it is too heavy for
+me to lift myself, and I often want it moved: really a slave would be
+very useful to me, papa."
+
+Mr. Barker could not help laughing at Charles's idea of the usefulness
+of a slave, and asked him if he knew exactly what slaves were.
+
+"Yes," replied Charles; "they are black people."
+
+"A great many slaves are black, certainly," said his papa, "but is not
+being black, that makes a man a slave, and there have been many
+unfortunate white people sold for slaves, as well as the poor blacks."
+
+"Sold!" said Charles, "what, do they sell people, I never heard of that
+before."
+
+"Then I will tell you now, my dear, and I think you will never again
+wish to have a slave. When America was first discovered, which is about
+three hundred and fifty years ago, there were many gold mines found in
+the West-Indies, all the mountains contained a vast quantity of gold,
+but it was very hard work to dig for it, and the natives of the country,
+who were savages, were not strong, and had never been used to work; so
+that the Spaniards who had discovered the country, could not get as much
+gold as they wished, although they were cruel enough to force the poor
+savages to work in the mines, and chained them together; that they might
+not run away; poor creatures! they were much to be pitied, and numbers
+of them died every day, for they had not strength to bear such hard
+labour. So when the Spaniards found that the Indians could not do as
+much work as they wanted done, they employed sailors to go to Africa and
+bring them a number of black men from that country; for they knew the
+Africans were strong, and that they could make them work as hard as they
+pleased."
+
+"But why did the Africans go, papa?" said Charles, whose eyes were full
+of tears at this sad tale. "Why did they not send the sailors away
+again, and say they would not go with them?"
+
+"They most likely would have done so," replied his papa; "if they had
+known how they would be treated; but the sailors said they would take
+them to a fine country, where they would get plenty of food without any
+trouble, and live much better than they did in their own country; so the
+simple negroes believed them, and went on board their ships; but they
+soon found out how wrong they had been to trust these wicked men; for
+when they came to the place where they expected to be so happy, they
+were all sold as if they had been beasts, instead of men, and sent to
+work in the mines; where they led a very miserable life indeed, for the
+cruel masters who had bought them, did not care what they suffered, so
+long as they got plenty of gold.
+
+"This was the beginning of what is called the slave trade, and a
+dreadful trade it has been ever since; for when the captains of ships
+found how much money the Spaniards would give for negroes, they went
+again to Africa; and when the black men refused to go with them, they
+took them by force, and carried them on board the ships, where they
+tied them together, so that it was impossible for them to escape. You
+would think it a very hard case, Charles, if you were walking by the sea
+shore, and two or three men were to come and carry you away by force to
+a distant land, and sell you to somebody who would make you work hard
+for him all the rest of your life, and consider you as much his
+property, as if he had bought a horse or a dog."
+
+"But they would have no right to sell me," said Charles, "I do not
+belong to them."
+
+"Neither do those poor Africans belong to the men who sell them; they
+have as much right to be free and happy, as you or I have."
+
+"Then how is it, papa, that Peter's father has slaves? he is an
+Englishman."
+
+"Yes, Charles, I am sorry to say, that Englishmen, as well as Spaniards,
+have traded in slaves, for when some of the West-India islands came into
+the possession of the English, they found the negroes so useful, and
+made so much money by their labour, that they forgot how unjust it was
+to keep them in slavery. However, I am happy to say, that a law is now
+in operation which will soon set all the slaves free. In a very short
+time, the negroes will be at liberty like other working men; and the
+masters, instead of buying them, must hire them like servants, and pay
+them wages; and they will be able to leave their master if he does not
+treat them well, and get another place, as our servants do."
+
+"Ah, how glad I am," said Charles, "that will be a good thing for the
+poor blacks. I do not wish to have a slave now, papa; I would not have
+one for the world. But Peter's father's slaves do not work in the gold
+mines, they make sugar: why is that?"
+
+"Because there are no gold mines now in the West-Indies worth working,"
+said Mr. Barker; "the Spaniards took care to get all the gold there was,
+but people still make large fortunes there, by growing sugar; and there
+are still gold mines in other parts of America, where negro slaves
+work."
+
+"How does sugar grow?" enquired Charles.
+
+"It is made from the juice of reeds, called sugar canes," said his
+papa.--"A plantation of sugar canes is very pretty, they grow very high,
+and are of a beautiful gold colour, streaked with red; and at the top of
+this yellow cane are long green leaves, which hang down round it: but
+this is not all, for out of the midst of these leaves, there grows a
+long stem, like a thin silver wand; and at the top of it, is something
+that looks like a plume of white feathers, edged with lilac."
+
+"Oh, how beautiful!" exclaimed Charles:--"I should like to go to the
+West-Indies, if it was only to see a sugar plantation; but how do they
+get the sugar, papa?"
+
+"When the canes are ripe, Charles, the negroes cut them down, and tie
+them up in bundles, and carry them to a mill, where the juice is pressed
+out.
+
+"This juice is boiled several times in large coppers, and the coarse
+parts separated from the fine, which at last dries into sugar. It is all
+brown at first, or what you call moist sugar; but by mixing different
+things with it, and boiling it again in a particular manner, they can
+make lump sugar, and sugar candy; and this is done by the black slaves,
+who have been dragged away from their own country to be sold to the
+planters: so you see Charles, that even so simple a thing as a lump of
+sugar, is the cause of a vast deal of cruelty and injustice."
+
+[Illustration: Man (Drawing).]
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. III.
+
+
+A VISIT TO THE THEATRE.
+
+Charles had never seen a play; but his papa and mamma had always
+promised him that when he was seven years old, they would take him to
+Covent-Garden Theatre, and as that time had now nearly come, he did not
+forget to remind them of their promise. His birth-day was the fifteenth
+of January, which was lucky, because they always perform pantomimes in
+the Christmas holidays, and he was very desirous of seeing harlequin and
+columbine, and the clown, as he had heard a great deal about them from
+his young friends in the square, who had been to see them. As the day
+approached, Charles could think of nothing but the play, and said he
+thought it would be the happiest day of his life; but his mamma told him
+she hoped he would have much greater cause to be happy many days of his
+life, than going to a theatre; however Charles did not think there could
+be any greater cause for happiness, and his mamma said, it was as well
+for him to think so: The night before his birth-day, he went to bed in
+high spirits, saying he was sure he should not be able to sleep all
+night; but that was a mistake, for he went to sleep almost directly; and
+did not wake till the morning.
+
+[Illustration: LITTLE CHARLES SEEING A CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME.]
+
+As soon as he was dressed, he ran down stairs to breakfast, with a
+smiling face. "Here is the day come at last!" he said, "I am so glad
+mamma, I wish it was night; I am seven years old to-day."
+
+"Yes, my dear," said his mamma, "and I wish you many happy returns of
+the day."
+
+"Thank you, mamma, but I have a great favour to ask you."
+
+"What is it? Charles."
+
+"I am afraid you will not do it."
+
+"If it is any thing very unreasonable, perhaps I shall not," said his
+mamma; "but if it is not very unreasonable, I think, as it is your
+birth-day, I may venture to promise that I will do it."
+
+"Then this is it," said Charles; "Peter has never been to the play in
+his life, and he said yesterday, he should like to go with me; so I wish
+you would take him with us; he would be so pleased."
+
+"Well then, we will take him with us," said Mrs. Barker; "and I am glad
+to find that you think of other people's pleasure, as well as your own;
+it shows that you are not selfish."
+
+A message was then sent to Peter's uncle, who readily gave his consent,
+which made Charles happier than he was before.
+
+At six o'clock Peter came; and very much delighted he looked, as well
+he might, for he had not expected so great a pleasure; and then both the
+boys watched at the window for Mr. Barker, who had not yet come home;
+but he soon came, when they all got into a coach, and away they drove.
+
+The play was to be Macbeth, which Charles said was very fortunate,
+because he had read about him in 'Tales of a Grandfather,' but Peter had
+never read 'Tales of Grandfather,' nor any history of Scotland, so he
+did not know who Macbeth was, therefore Mr. Barker was kind enough to
+tell him the whole story as they went along; that he might be able to
+understand what he was going to see. Perhaps some other little boys
+would like to hear it too, so I will tell it.
+
+"There was once a king of Scotland, named Duncan, who was a good man,
+and much beloved by his subjects. This king had a cousin named Macbeth,
+who being the bravest general in Scotland, was employed by Duncan to
+fight all his battles for him, when he was too old to fight them
+himself; but Macbeth, although a brave man, was not a good man, and
+besides that, he had a very wicked wife, who wanted to be a queen, and
+therefore she tried to persuade her husband to kill Duncan, that he
+might be made king in his stead.
+
+"At this time the Danes, who came from Denmark, invaded Scotland; that
+is, they came there to fight the Scots, and try to conquer the country:
+but they were disappointed, for Macbeth went with a large army to the
+place where they had landed, and having killed a great number of them in
+a battle, he forced the rest to return to Denmark.
+
+"When Duncan heard that Macbeth had gained this victory, and driven his
+enemies out of Scotland, he was so much pleased, that he went, with his
+two sons, to pay him a visit at his castle; but he little thought, poor
+old man, what was going to happen, for in the middle of the night, when
+he was fast asleep, Macbeth went softly into his room, and killed him
+with a dagger. So in the morning, when it became known that the king was
+murdered, Macbeth pretended to be very much surprised and grieved at it,
+and although the people all thought he had done it himself, they were
+afraid to say so; and he was made king of Scotland. But wickedness is
+sure to be punished, as you shall hear; for the two young Princes,
+Malcolm and Donald Bane, as soon as they heard their father was dead,
+escaped from the castle, fearing that if they staid they might be killed
+too.
+
+"Now happened that at that very time there was in England a very good
+king, called Edward the Confessor, who was an enemy to all bad men;
+therefore the Scottish princes determined to go to his court, and tell
+him what Macbeth had done; for they did not doubt that when he heard of
+it, he would render them some assistance; and they were not mistaken.
+The English king declared that he would revenge the death of Duncan,
+and place Malcolm on the throne; so he sent a large army into Scotland,
+to fight for the young prince, and Macbeth was killed in a battle, which
+gave great joy to the people, who were very glad to have Malcolm for
+their king. All this happened nearly eight hundred years ago, and
+Malcolm, who is called in the history of Scotland, Malcolm Canmore, was
+one of the best kings that ever reigned over that country."
+
+By the time Mr. Barker had finished this story they had arrived at the
+theatre, and were just seated in the front row of a box, as the curtain
+drew up. The two boys liked the play very much, although it made them
+rather dull; but they were merry enough when the pantomime began, for it
+was full of fun, from beginning to end, and Charles could not help
+exclaiming every now and then, "Oh, what capital fun!"
+
+He was very much astonished at the wonderful tricks performed by
+harlequin with his magic sword, for to those who have never seen a
+pantomime before, it must be rather surprising to see a wheelbarrow
+turned into a steam carriage, and an umbrella into an arm chair. But
+what amused Charles and Peter more than all the rest, was a large pie
+which was brought in and placed on a table, where the king and queen,
+with several lords and ladies were sitting at dinner, all seemingly very
+anxious to taste of this pie. But the moment it was cut, a whistling
+noise was heard, and a number of little birds hopped out of the pie, and
+flew away, leaving the dish quite empty, to the great amusement of all
+the boys and girls in the theatre, who laughed very loud indeed.
+
+But pleasure cannot last for ever. The pantomime was soon over, and as
+Charles went home, he said he should like to go to the play every night,
+all the rest of his life--"Ah, Charles,"--said his papa, "we are all apt
+to like what is new to us, but you will find out, my boy, that people
+get tired even of pleasure, if they have too much of it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. IV.
+
+
+CONVERSATION ON HISTORY.
+
+On the morning after the play, Charles was thinking about the king of
+Scotland, and he asked his mamma why there was no king of Scotland now,
+as there used to be, and she told him that England and Scotland were now
+considered only as one kingdom, and called Great Britain.
+
+"Yes," said Charles, "I know that the queen of England is queen of
+Scotland too; but I want to know how it came to be so; because you see,
+mamma, that when Duncan was king of Scotland, there was a king of
+England as well."
+
+"Yes, my dear," and for five hundred years after Duncan was murdered,
+there were kings of Scotland and England also; but when Queen Elizabeth
+died, her nearest relation happened to be the king of Scotland, James
+the sixth; he was her cousin, and as she left neither brothers nor
+sisters, nor children, James became king of England as well as of his
+own country; and since that time there has been but one king to govern
+both kingdoms."
+
+"Thank you, mamma," said Charles, "I could not think how it was before;
+but do you think it is best to have one king or two?"
+
+"I think it is best to have but one, because, if you look at your map,
+you will see that England and Scotland together make one large island;
+and while they were separate kingdoms, they were frequently at war with
+each other."
+
+"What did they go to war for, mamma?"
+
+"I believe, Charles, the true cause generally was, that the English king
+thought he should like to have the whole island for himself; but what
+made the matter worse was, that as the people who were fighting against
+each other, all lived in the same island, it was almost as bad as a
+civil war."
+
+"What is a civil war, mamma?"
+
+"It is when the people of any country cannot agree among themselves, and
+so make war upon each other: there have been civil wars in all countries
+at different times; they are the most dreadful of all wars, because
+relations and friends are often fighting in battle against each other."
+
+"Oh, what a shocking thing!" said Charles; "But why do they do it mamma?
+I cannot think why people should fight battles with one another."
+
+"I will try to explain it, my dear: There is at present a civil war in
+Spain, because when the last king died, some of the people said that his
+daughter should be queen, and others said his brother should be king; so
+the daughter was placed on the throne and crowned; but the brother,
+whose name is Don Carlos, is very angry at this, because he thinks he
+has the greatest right to the crown; so he has persuaded all who are on
+his side, to go to war with all who are in favour of the queen,
+therefore the Spaniards are now fighting against each other."
+
+"Which do you think will win?" said Charles.
+
+"I cannot possibly say, my dear. But I wish to show you, Charles, the
+terrible consequences of a civil war. It may happen that fathers and
+sons are of different opinions, and that one fights for the queen, and
+the other for the king; and then it is possible that in battle the son
+may kill his father, or the father his son."
+
+"Oh, that would be shocking!" said Charles.
+
+"And yet it has sometimes happened," said his mamma; "there have been
+brothers too, who have fought against each other, and many persons who
+were friends before, have become the bitterest enemies."
+
+"Was there ever a civil war in England, mamma?"
+
+"Yes, my dear, more than once. The last was because many people thought
+they should like to have no king at all; I am going to buy you a little
+history of England, and then you will read about it."
+
+"I shall like to read about it," said Charles, "but what did the people
+do when they thought they should like to have no king?"
+
+"They said the king had done a great many things that were wrong, and so
+they put him in prison, and at last had his head cut off; do you know,
+Charles, which king it was who was beheaded?"
+
+"Yes, mamma; it was Charles the first."
+
+"Well, after Charles the first was beheaded, some of the people declared
+that his son should be king, and others said they would have no king at
+all, but that they would have somebody instead to manage the affairs of
+the country."
+
+"And I know who that was, mamma," said Charles, "it was Oliver Cromwell,
+I know he was not a king, but I did not understand how it was before."
+
+"And I suppose you also understand now, why this caused a civil war?"
+said his mamma.
+
+"Of course I do," replied Charles; "some people fought for the king, and
+some for Oliver Cromwell."
+
+"Yes," replied Mrs. Barker, "and for a long time the country was in a
+very unhappy state. The king was obliged to hide himself, for if he had
+been caught he would perhaps have been beheaded, as his poor father was.
+But at last he got away in a ship, and went to Holland, where he lived
+for some years; but at last his party was victorious, and he came back
+to England."
+
+"Then there was a king again," said Charles.
+
+[Illustration: CONVERSATIONS ON HISTORY: CHARLES IInd.]
+
+"Yes, then there was a king again, he was Charles the second; and now
+every year on the day that he returned, the bells ring, and the guns are
+fired, it is the 29th of May, and is called king Charles's restoration.
+When May comes, if you listen on that day, you will hear the bells
+ringing very merrily, and then you will know what it is for."
+
+"So I shall," said Charles, "I am glad of that, I like to know things, I
+wish I knew the history of every country in the world."
+
+"It is a very good thing to know a great deal of history," said his
+mamma; "and the best way of gaining this knowledge, is to read with
+attention the books that have been written on purpose to teach little
+boys history; they are the best for you to read now; then, when you are
+older, you will be able to understand the large books that are in your
+papa's book-case, and you may become acquainted with the history of the
+whole world, if you like."
+
+
+
+
+CHAP. V.
+
+
+MISSIONARIES.
+
+"Papa," said Charles, "I should like to know what a missionary is."
+
+"Your desire can very easily be gratified," replied his papa; "but what
+has made you think of missionaries just now?"
+
+"Because I read in the newspaper, this morning, that the day before
+yesterday there was a great crowd at St. Katharine's docks to take leave
+of a missionary who was going to one of the South Sea islands; and it
+said that a great deal of money had been given to him, and that when the
+ship began to sail, all the people waved their hats, and wished him
+success. Now I want to know what he was going for, and why every body
+was so glad?"
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY GOING ABROAD.]
+
+"Then I will tell you, Charles. Missionaries are good and religious men,
+who go out to different parts of the world, on purpose to benefit those
+poor ignorant creatures whom we call savages, by teaching them religion,
+and also such arts as they are capable of learning."
+
+"That is very kind of them," said Charles; "for it cannot be very
+pleasant to live among savages."
+
+"No, my dear; but these good men do not consider what is pleasant, they
+only consider what is right; and that is the proper way to think, is it
+not?"
+
+"Oh yes, papa, I know that we ought all to do what is right, whether it
+is pleasant or not."
+
+"Certainly, Charles, and in the end it is sure to be the most pleasant,
+because it is a great pleasure to know that we have done what is right.
+But we were talking of missionaries. For several hundred years the
+people of England and Germany, and other Christian countries, have
+considered it a part of their duty to teach the Christian religion in
+all parts of the world; for in many nations, Charles, they are so
+ignorant that instead of praying to God, they worship images, which they
+make themselves."
+
+"They are very wicked, then?" said Charles.
+
+"No, they are not wicked," replied his papa, "because they know no
+better; they do what they believe to be right; and as long as we do what
+we think is right, we cannot be wicked, although we may be mistaken."
+
+"Then the missionaries go to teach them better, I suppose?" said
+Charles.
+
+"Yes, my dear, these good men are so anxious to do good to their fellow
+creatures, that they do not mind the difficulties and dangers they meet
+with; and it is no easy matter I assure you Charles, for many of them
+have been cruelly murdered by the barbarians they were trying to
+instruct."
+
+"Poor men," said Charles, "how sorry I am for them; but why do any more
+of them go, papa, if they are so badly treated?"
+
+"Because though some have been unfortunate, others have done a great
+deal of good; for instance, the missionary you read about this morning,
+went out a great many years ago to some of the South Sea islands, which
+he found inhabited by savages who knew nothing, and lived more like wild
+beasts than men; but he contrived to make friends of them, and has
+taught them to build houses, cultivate the earth, build ships, and make
+many useful articles of furniture, and tools to dig and plant the
+ground; and although all these things are of a very rough kind, it is
+better than not knowing how to make them at all, you know."
+
+"To be sure it is," replied Charles; "besides, perhaps they will go on
+making them better and better, till at last they will make very good
+things indeed."
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD MISSIONARY TEACHING THE SAVAGES TO BUILD.]
+
+"Yes, my boy, that is the right way, not only with the savages, but with
+ourselves: When once we know the manner of doing a thing, we may then
+improve upon it as much as we can, the same as with your writing, each
+copy ought to be done better than the last."
+
+"But now you have not told me why they have given money to the
+missionary, papa."
+
+"Because he has come to England to buy clothes, tools, seeds, and other
+things for the use and improvement of the South Sea Islanders. The
+English people are always ready to assist in any good work; and so
+numbers of persons have given money, till it has amounted to several
+hundred pounds, which has enabled the good missionary to take back with
+him a large store of useful articles."
+
+"Well, that is an excellent plan," said Charles, "I should not wonder if
+these poor savages in time become very clever fellows, and make their
+island a capital place, and all through this good missionary."
+
+"Yes, Charles, so we see how much may be done by one person alone, if he
+will take the pains. But there is one thing that the missionary has
+taught the savages, which is better than all the rest; he has taught
+them to know that there is a God, who made the world, and all that is in
+it, and that those who love him, and keep his commandments, will be
+rewarded in the world to come."
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MORE SEEDS OF KNOWLEDGE; OR, ANOTHER
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