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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Publisher and His Friends, by Samuel Smiles
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Publisher and His Friends
+       Memoir and Correspondence of John Murray; With an
+       Account of the Origin and Progress of the House, 1768-1843
+
+Author: Samuel Smiles
+
+Release Date: January 31, 2004 [EBook #10884]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PUBLISHER AND HIS FRIENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Eric Hutton, Juliet Sutherland, Wilelmina Malliere and PG
+Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+A PUBLISHER AND HIS FRIENDS
+
+MEMOIR AND CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN MURRAY
+
+WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE HOUSE, 1768-1843
+
+BY THE LATE SAMUEL SMILES, LL.D.
+
+CONDENSED AND EDITED BY THOMAS MACKAY
+
+_WITH PORTRAITS_
+
+
+
+
+1911
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+When my Grandfather's Memoirs were published, twenty years ago, they met
+with a most favourable and gratifying reception at the hands of the
+public. Interest was aroused by the struggle and success of a man who
+had few advantages at the outset save his own shrewd sense and generous
+nature, and who, moreover, was thrown on his own resources to fight the
+battle of life when he was little more than a child.
+
+The chief value of these volumes, however, consists in the fact that
+they supply an important, if not an indispensable, chapter in the
+literary history of England during the first half of the nineteenth
+century. Byron and Scott, Lockhart, Croker, George Borrow, Hallam,
+Canning, Gifford, Disraeli, Southey, Milman are but a few of the names
+occurring in these pages, the whole list of which it would be tedious to
+enumerate.
+
+It may be admitted that a pious desire to do justice to the memory of
+John Murray the Second--"the Anax of Publishers," as Byron called
+him--led to the inclusion in the original volumes of some material of
+minor importance which may now well be dispensed with.
+
+I find, however, that the work is still so often quoted and referred to
+that I have asked my friend Mr. Thomas Mackay to prepare a new edition
+for the press. I am convinced that the way in which he has discharged
+his task will commend itself to the reading public. He has condensed the
+whole, has corrected errors, and has rewritten certain passages in a
+more concise form.
+
+I desire to acknowledge my debt to him for what he has done, and to
+express a hope that the public may extend a fresh welcome to "an old
+friend with a new face."
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_December_, 1910.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+JOHN MACMURRAY OR MURRAY
+
+The first John Murray--An Officer of Marines--Retires from Active
+Service--His marriage--Correspondence with William Falconer--Falconer's
+death--Murray purchases Sandby's business--John Murray's first
+publications--His writings--Mr. Kerr--Thomas Cumming goes to Ireland on
+behalf of Murray--Prof. J. Millar--Mr. Whitaker--Defence of Sir R.
+Gordon--Ross estate--His controversy with Mr. Mason--The Edinburgh
+booksellers--Creech and Elliot--Dr. Cullen--The second John Murray--His
+education--Accident to his eye--Illness and death of the elder John
+Murray
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+JOHN MURRAY (II.)--BEGINNING OF HIS PUBLISHING CAREER--ISAAC D'ISRAELI,
+ETC.
+
+John Murray the Second--"The Anax of Publishers"--His start in
+business--Murray and Highley--Dissolution of the partnership--Colman's
+"John Bull"--Mr. Joseph Hume--Archibald Constable--John Murray a
+Volunteer--The D'Israeli family--Isaac D'Israeli's early
+works--"Flim-Flams"--Birth of Benjamin D'Israeli--Projected periodical
+the "Institute"--The "Miniature"--Murray's acquaintance with Canning and
+Frere
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+MURRAY AND CONSTABLE--HUNTER AND THE FORFARSHIRE LAIRDS--MARRIAGE OF
+JOHN MURRAY
+
+Archibald Constable & Co.--Alexander Gibson Hunter--The _Edinburgh
+Review_--Murray's early associations with Constable--Dispute between
+Longman and Constable--Murray appointed London Agent--He urges
+reconciliation between Constable and Longman--Mr. Murray visits
+Edinburgh--Engaged to Miss Elliot--Goes into Forfarshire--Rude
+Hospitality--Murray's marriage--The D'Israelis
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+"MARMION"--CONSTABLES AND BALLANTYNES--THE "EDINBURGH REVIEW"
+
+Murray's business prospects--Acquires a share of "Marmion"--Becomes London
+publisher of the _Edinburgh Review_--Acquaintance with Walter
+Scott--Constable's money transactions--Murray's remonstrance--He
+separates from Constable--The Ballantynes--Scott joins their printing
+business--Literary themes
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+ORIGIN OF THE "QUARTERLY REVIEW"
+
+Canning's early schemes for a Penny Newspaper--The _Anti-Jacobin_--The
+_Edinburgh Review_--John Murray's letter to Mr. Canning--Walter Scott's
+assistance--Southey's letter to Scott--Review of "Marmion" in the
+_Edinburgh_--Murray's conditions--Meeting with James Ballantyne at
+Ferrybridge--Visit to Scott at Ashestiel--Letters to Scott--Scott's
+letters to Murray, Ellis, and Gifford on the _Quarterly_--Arrangements for
+the first number--Articles by Scott--James Mill--Mrs. Inchbald--Dr. Thomas
+Young
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE "QUARTERLY" LAUNCHED
+
+Meeting of Murray and Ballantyne at Boroughbridge--Walter Scott's interest
+in the new _Review_--Publication of the first number of the _Quarterly_
+--Scott's proposed "Secret History of the Court of James I."--_Portcullis_
+copies--"Old English Froissart"--Opinions of the _Quarterly_--Scott's
+energy and encouragement--Murray's correspondence with Mr. Stratford
+Canning--Murray's energy--Leigh Hunt--James Mill--Gifford's
+unpunctuality--Appearance of the second number--Mr. Canning's
+contributions--Appearance of No. 3--Letters from Mr. Ellis to Isaac
+D'Israeli--John Barrow's first connection with the _Quarterly_--Robert
+Southey--Appearance of No. 4
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+CONSTABLE AND BALLANTYNE
+
+Murray's and Ballantyne's joint enterprises--Financial
+difficulties--Murray's remonstrances--Ballantyne's reckless
+speculations--And disregard of Murray's advice--Revival of Murray's
+business with Constable--Publication of the "Lady of the Lake"--Murray
+excluded from his promised share of it--Transfers his Edinburgh agency
+to Mr. William Blackwood--Publication of No. 5 of the _Quarterly_
+--Southey's articles and books--Unpunctuality of the _Review_
+--Gifford's review of "The Daughters of Isenberg"--His letter to
+Miss Palmer--Dispute between Murray and Gifford--Attacks on the
+_Edinburgh Review_ by the _Quarterly_--Murray's disapproval of them--The
+Ballantynes and Constables applying for money--Nos. 8 and 9 of the
+_Review_--Southey's Publications--Letters from Scott--His review of the
+"Curse of Kehama"--Southey's dependence on the _Quarterly_--His letter
+to Mr. Wynn
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+MURRAY AND GIFFORD--RUPTURE WITH CONSTABLE--PROSPERITY OF THE
+"QUARTERLY"
+
+Increasing friendship between Murray and Gifford--Gifford's opinion of
+humorous articles--Mr. Pillans--Gifford's feeble health--Murray's
+financial difficulties--Remonstrates with Constable--Correspondence with
+and dissociation from Constable--_Quarterly Review_ No. 12--Gifford's
+severe remarks on Charles Lamb--His remorse--_Quarterly Review_ No.
+14--Murray's offer to Southey of 1,000 guineas for his poem
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+LORD BYRON'S WORKS, 1811 TO 1814
+
+Lord Byron's first acquaintance with Mr. Murray--Mr. Dallas's offer to
+Cawthorn and Miller--Murray's acceptance of "Childe Harold"--Byron's
+visits to Fleet Street--Murray's letters to Byron--Gifford's opinion of
+the Poem--Publication of "Childe Harold"--Its immediate success--Byron's
+presentation to the Prince of Wales--Murray effects a reconciliation
+between Byron and Scott--Letters to and from Scott--Publication of "The
+Giaour," "Bride of Abydos" and "Corsair"--Correspondence with
+Byron--"Ode to Napoleon"--"Lara" and "Jacqueline"
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+MR. MURRAY'S REMOVAL TO 50, ALBEMARLE STREET
+
+Murray's removal to Albemarle Street--Miller's unfriendly
+behaviour--Progress of the _Quarterly_--Miscellaneous publications
+--D'Israeli's "Calamities of Authors"--Letters from Scott
+and Southey--Southey's opinions on the patronage of literature--Scott's
+embarrassments--Recklessness of the Ballantynes--Scott applies to Murray
+for a loan--Publication of "Waverley"--Mystery of the authorship--Mr.
+Murray's proposed trip to France--His letters to Mrs. Murray--Education
+of his son--Announcement of Lord Byron's engagement--Mr. Murray's visit
+to Newstead Abbey--Murray in Edinburgh--Mr. William Blackwood--Visit to
+Abbotsford--Letter to Lord Byron--Letters from Blackwood--The "Vision of
+Don Roderick"
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MURRAY'S DRAWING-ROOM--BYRON AND SCOTT--WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1815
+
+Murray's drawing-room in Albemarle Street--A literary centre--George
+Ticknor's account of it--Letter from Gifford--Death of his housekeeper
+Nancy--First meeting of Byron and Scott--Recollections of John Murray
+III.--Napoleon's escape from Elba--Waterloo--Mr. Blackwood's
+letter--Suppression of an article written for the _Edinburgh_--Mr.
+Murray's collection of portraits of authors--Mr. Scott's visit to
+Brussels, Waterloo, etc.--Mr. Murray's visit to Paris--Return
+home--Important diplomatic correspondence offered by Miss Waldie--Miss
+Austen--"Emma"--Mr. Malthus's works--Letters from W. Scott
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS--CHARLES MATURIN--S.T. COLERIDGE--LEIGH HUNT
+
+Charles Maturin--His early career--His early publications--And
+application to W. Scott--Performance of "Bertram" at Drury
+Lane--Published by Murray--"Manuel, a Tragedy"--Murray's letter to
+Byron--Death of Maturin--S.T. Coleridge--Correspondence about his
+translation of "Faust"--"Glycine," "Remorse," "Christabel," "Zapolya,"
+and other works--Further correspondence--Leigh Hunt--Asked to contribute
+to the _Quarterly_--"Story of Rimini"--Murray's letters to Byron and
+Hunt--Negotiations between Murray and Leigh Hunt
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THOMAS CAMPBELL--JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE--J.W. CROKER--JAMES HOGG, ETC.
+
+Thomas Campbell--His early works--Acquaintance with Murray--"Selections
+from the British Poets"--Letters to Murray--Proposed Magazine--And
+Series of Ancient Classics--Close friendship between Campbell and
+Murray--Murray undertakes to publish the "Selections from British
+Poets"--Campbell's explanation of the work--"Gertrude of Wyoming"--Scott
+reviews Campbell's poems in the _Quarterly_--Campbell's Lectures at the
+Royal Institution--Campbell's satisfaction with Murray's treatment of
+him--"Now Barabbas was a publisher"--Increase of Murray's
+business--Dealings with Gifford--Mr. J.C. Hobhouse--His "Journey to
+Albania"--Isaac D'Israeli's "Character of James I."--Croker's "Stories
+for Children"--The division of profits--Sir John Malcolm--Increasing
+number of poems submitted to Mr. Murray--James Hogg--His works--And
+letters to Murray--The "Repository"--Correspondence with Murray--Hogg
+asks Murray to find a wife for him
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--_continued_
+
+Lord Byron's marriage--Letters from Mr. Murray during the honeymoon--Mr.
+Fazakerly's interview with Bonaparte--Byron's pecuniary
+embarrassments--Murray's offers of assistance--"Siege of
+Corinth"--"Parisina"--Byron refuses remuneration--Pressed to give the
+money to Godwin, Maturin, and Coleridge--Murray's remonstrance
+--Gifford's opinion of the "Siege of Corinth" and Mr. D'Israeli's
+--Byron leaves England--Sale of his Library--The "Sketch from
+Private Life"--Mr. Sharon Turner's legal opinion--Murray's letter on the
+arrival of the MS. of "Childe Harold," Canto III.
+
+[Transcriber's Note: two pages missing from source document]
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1817-18--CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
+
+Works published by Murray and Blackwood jointly--Illness of
+Scott--Efforts to help the Ettrick Shepherd--Murray's offers of
+assistance--Scott reviews the "Wake"--Hogg's house at Eltrive--Scott and
+the _Quarterly_--"Rob Roy"--The "Scottish Regalia"--"The Heart of
+Midlothian"--Appeal to Scott for an article--"Lord Orford's
+Letters"--Murray and James Hogg at Abbotsford--Conclusion of Hogg's
+correspondence--Robert Owen--Increased number of would-be poets--Sharon
+Turner--Gifford's illness--Croker and Barrow edit _Quarterly Review_
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+HALLAM--BASIL HALL.--CRABBE--HOPE--HORACE AND JAMES SMITH
+
+Mr. Hallam--Sir H. Ellis's "Embassy to China"--Correspondence with Lady
+Abercorn about new books--Proposed _Monthly Register_--Mr. Croker's
+condemnation of the scheme--Crabbe's Works--Mr. Murray's offer--Mr.
+Rogers's negotiations--Hope's "Anastasius"--"Rejected Addresses"
+--Colonel Macirone's action against the _Quarterly_--Murray's
+entertainments--Mrs. Bray's account of them
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+MEMOIRS OF LADY HERVEY AND HORACE
+WALPOLE--BELZONI--MILMAN--SOUTHEY--MRS. RUNDELL, ETC.
+
+Lady Hervey's Letters--Mr. Croker's letter about the editing of
+them--Horace Walpole's Memoirs--Mr. Murray's correspondence with Lord
+Holland--The Suffolk papers, edited by Mr. Croker--Mrs. Delany's
+Letters--Letter from Mr. Croker--Horace Walpole's "Reminiscences,"
+edited by Miss Berry--Tomline's "Life of Pitt"--Giovanni Belzoni--His
+early career and works--His sensitiveness--His death--Examples of his
+strength--Rev. H.H. Milman's Works, "Fazio," "Samor," "The Fall of
+Jerusalem," "Martyr of Antioch," "Belshazzar"--Murray's dealings with
+Milman--Benjamin Disraeli--Letters from Southey about his articles on
+Cromwell--The New Churches, etc.--"The Book of the Church"--Warren
+Hastings, etc--The Carbonari--Mr. Eastlake--Mrs. Graham--Galignani's
+pirated edition of Byron--Mrs. Rundell's "Cookery Book"--Dispute with
+Longman's--An injunction obtained
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING--UGO FOSCOLO--LADY CAROLINE LAMB--"HAJJI BABA"--MRS.
+MARKHAM'S HISTORIES
+
+Washington Irving--His early dealings with Murray--He comes to
+England--His description of a dinner at Murray's--"The Sketch
+Book"--Published in England by Miller--Afterwards undertaken by
+Murray--Terms of purchase--Irving's ill-success in business
+--"Bracebridge Hall"--James Fenimore Cooper--Ugo Foscolo--His
+early career--First article in the _Quarterly_--Letter from Mr. T.
+Mitchell--Foscolo's peculiarities--Digamma Cottage--His Lectures--Death
+of Foscolo--Lady C. Lamb--"Glenarvon"--"Penruddock"--"Ada Reis"--Letter
+from the Hon. Wm. Lamb--Lord J. Russell--His proposed History of
+Europe--Mr. James Morier's "Hajji Baba"--Letter of Mirza Abul
+Hassan--Mrs. Markham's "History of England"--Allan Cunningham
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+GIFFORD'S RETIREMENT FROM THE EDITORSHIP OF THE "QUARTERLY"--AND DEATH
+
+Gifford's failing health--Difficulty of finding a successor--Barrow's
+assistance--Gifford's letter to Mr. Canning--Irregularity of the
+numbers--Southey's views as to the Editorship--Gifford's letter to Mr.
+Canning--Appointment of Mr. J.T. Coleridge--Murray's announcement of the
+appointment to Gifford--Close of Mr. Gifford's career--His
+correspondence with Murray--Letter from Mr. R. Hay to the present Mr.
+Murray about Gifford
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE "REPRESENTATIVE"
+
+Murray's desire to start a new periodical--Benjamin Disraeli--Projected
+morning paper--Benjamin Disraeli's early career and writings--Letters to
+Murray about "Aylmer Papillon"--Benjamin Disraeli's increasing intimacy
+with Murray--Origin of the scheme to start a daily paper--South American
+speculation--Messrs. Powles--Agreement to start a daily paper--the
+_Representative_--Benjamin Disraeli's journey to consult Sir W. Scott
+about the editorship--His letters to Murray--Visit to Chiefswood
+--Progress of the negotiation-Mr. Lockhart's reluctance to
+assume the editorship--Letter from Mr. I. D'Israeli to Murray--Mr.
+Lockhart's first introduction to Murray--His letter about the
+editorship--Sir W. Scott's letter to Murray--Editorship of _Quarterly_
+offered to Lockhart--Murray's letter to Sir W. Scott--Mr. Lockhart
+accepts the editorship of the _Quarterly_--Disraeli's activity in
+promoting the _Representative_--His letters to Murray--Premises
+taken--Arrangements for foreign correspondence--Letters to Mr.
+Maas--Engagement of Mr. Watts and Mr. S.C. Hall--Mr. Disraeli ceases to
+take part in the undertaking--Publication of the _Representative_--Dr.
+Maginn--Failure of the _Representative_--Effect of the strain on
+Murray's health--Letters from friends--The financial crisis--Failure of
+Constable and Ballantyne--The end of the _Representative_--Coolness
+between Murray and Mr. D'Israeli
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+MR. LOCKHART AS EDITOR OF THE "QUARTERLY"--HALLAM WORDSWORTH--DEATH OF
+CONSTABLE
+
+The editorship of the _Quarterly_--Mr. Lockhart appointed--Letter from
+Sir W. Scott, giving his opinion of Lockhart's abilities and
+character--Letters from Mr. Lockhart--Mr. Croker's article on "Paroles
+d'un Croyant"--Charles Butler--Blanco White--Controversies,
+etc.--Wordsworth's Works--Letter from Mr. Lockhart--Renewed intercourse
+between Murray and Constable
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SIR WALTER'S LAST YEARS
+
+South American speculation--Captain Head, R.E.--His rapid rides across
+the Pampas--His return home and publication of his work--Results of his
+mission--Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Powles--Letter from Mr. B.
+Disraeli--Irving's "Life of Columbus"--His agent, Col. Aspinwall--Letter
+of warning from Mr. Sharon Turner--Southey's opinion--"The Conquest of
+Granada"--Lockhart's and Croker's opinions--The financial result of
+their publication--Correspondence between Irving and Murray--"Tales of
+the Alhambra"--Murray's subsequent lawsuit with Bonn about the
+copyrights--Review of Hallam's "Constitutional History" in the
+_Quarterly_--Mr. Hallam's remonstrance--Letter from Murray--Letter from
+Mr. Mitchell--Southey's discontent--Sir W. Scott and Lockhart--Scott's
+articles for the _Quarterly_--Sir H. Davy's "Salmonia"--Anecdote of Lord
+Nelson--The Duke of Wellington--Murray's offer to Scott for a History of
+Scotland--Sale of Sir W. Scott's copyrights--Murray's offer for "Tales
+of a Grandfather"--Scott's reply--Scott's closing years--Murray's
+resignation of his one-fourth share of "Marmion"--Scott's last
+contributions to the _Quarterly_--His death--Mr. John Murray's account
+of the Theatrical Fund Dinner
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+NAPIER'S "PENINSULAR WAR"--CROKER'S "BOSWELL"--"THE FAMILY LIBRARY" ETC.
+
+Napier's "History of the Peninsular War"--Origin of the work--Col.
+Napier's correspondence with Murray--Publication of Vol. I.--Controversy
+aroused by it--Murray ceases to publish the work--His letter to the
+_Morning Chronicle_--The Duke of Wellington's Despatches--Croker's
+edition of "Boswell's Johnson"--Correspondence with Croker, Lockhart,
+etc.--Publication of the book--Its value--Letter from Mrs. Shelley--Mr.
+Henry Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus"--"Philip van Artevelde"--"The Family
+Library" and the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge--The
+progress of "The Family Library"--Milman's "History of the
+Jews"--Controversy aroused by it--Opinion of the Jews
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+MOORE'S "LIFE OF BYRON"
+
+Murray purchases the remainder of Byron's Poems--Leigh Hunt's
+"Recollections"--Moore selected as the biographer of Byron--Collection
+of Letters and Papers--Lockhart and Scott's opinion of the
+work--Publication of the first volume of Byron's "Life"--Mrs. Shelley's
+letter--Publication of the second volume--Letters from Mrs. Somerville
+and Croker--Capt. Medwin's Conversations--Pecuniary results of Lord
+Byron's "Life"--Reviews of Moore's works in the _Quarterly_--Moore on
+Editors--Complete edition of "Byron's Works"--Letters from Countess
+Guiccioli and Sir R. Peel--Thorwaldsen's statue of Lord Byron--Refused
+at Westminster Abbey, but erected in Trinity College Library, Cambridge
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+JOHN MACMURRAY OR MURRAY
+
+
+The publishing house of Murray dates from the year 1768, in which year
+John MacMurray, a lieutenant of Marines, having retired from the service
+on half-pay, purchased the bookselling business of William Sandby, at
+the sign of the "Ship," No. 32, Fleet Street, opposite St. Dunstan's
+Church.
+
+John MacMurray was descended from the Murrays of Athol. His uncle,
+Colonel Murray, was "out" in the rising of 1715, under the Earl of Mar,
+served under the Marquis of Tullibardine, the son of his chief, the Duke
+of Athol, and led a regiment in the abortive fight of Sheriffmuir. After
+the rebellion Colonel Murray retired to France, where he served under
+the exiled Duke of Ormonde, who had attached himself to the Stuart
+Court.
+
+The Colonel's brother Robert followed a safer course. He prefixed the
+"Mac" to his name; settled in Edinburgh; adopted the law as a
+profession, and became a Writer to the Signet. He had a family of three
+daughters, Catherine, Robina, and Mary Anne; and two sons, Andrew and
+John.
+
+John, the younger of Robert MacMurray's sons, was born at Edinburgh in
+1745. After receiving a good general education, he entered the Royal
+Marines under the special patronage of Sir George Yonge, Bart.,
+[Footnote: Sir George Yonge was Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and
+subsequently Secretary at War; he died in 1812.] a well-known official
+of the last century, and his commission as second lieutenant was dated
+June 24, 1762. Peace was signed at the treaty of Paris in 1763, and
+young MacMurray found himself quartered at Chatham, where the monotony
+of the life to a young man of an active and energetic temperament became
+almost intolerable. He determined therefore to retire on half-pay at the
+age of twenty-three, and become a London bookseller!
+
+It is not improbable that he was induced to embark on his proposed
+enterprise by his recent marriage with Nancy Wemyss, daughter of Captain
+Wemyss, then residing at Brompton, near Chatham.
+
+While residing at Chatham, MacMurray renewed his acquaintance with
+William Falconer, the poet, and author of "The Shipwreck," who, like
+himself, was a native of Edinburgh.
+
+To this friend, who was then on the eve of sailing to India, he wrote:
+
+BROMPTON, KENT, _October_ 16, 1768.
+
+DEAR WILL,
+
+Since I saw you, I have had the intention of embarking in a scheme that
+I think will prove successful, and in the progress of which I had an eye
+towards your participating. Mr. Sandby, Bookseller, opposite St.
+Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street, has entered into company with Snow and
+Denne, Bankers. I was introduced to this gentleman about a week ago,
+upon an advantageous offer of succeeding him in his old business; which,
+by the advice of my friends, I propose to accept. Now, although I have
+little reason to fear success by myself in this undertaking, yet I think
+so many additional advantages would accrue to us both, were your forces
+and mine joined, that I cannot help mentioning it to you, and making you
+the offer of entering into company.
+
+He resigns to me the lease of the house, the goodwill, etc.; and I only
+take his bound stock, and fixtures, at a fair appraisement, which will
+not amount to much beyond £400, and which, if ever I mean to part with,
+cannot fail to bring in nearly the same sum. The shop has been long
+established in the Trade; it retains a good many old customers; and I am
+to be ushered immediately into public notice by the sale of a new
+edition of "Lord Lyttelton's Dialogues"; and afterwards by a like
+edition of his "History." These Works I shall sell by commission, upon a
+certain profit, without risque; and Mr. Sandby has promised to continue
+to me, always, his good offices and recommendations.
+
+These are the general outlines; and if you entertain a notion that the
+conjunction will suit you, advise me, and you shall be assumed upon
+equal terms; for I write to you before the affair is finally settled;
+not that I shall refuse it if you don't concur (for I am determined on
+the trial by myself); but that I think it will turn out better were we
+joined; and this consideration alone prompts me to write to you. Many
+Blockheads in the Trade are making fortunes; and did we not succeed as
+well as they, I think it must be imputed only to ourselves. Make Mrs.
+McMurray's compliments and mine to Mrs. Falconer; we hope she has reaped
+much benefit from the saltwater bath. Consider what I have proposed; and
+send me your answer soon. Be assured in the meantime, that I remain,
+Dear Sir,
+
+Your affectionate and humble servant,
+
+JOHN McMURRAY.
+
+P.S.--My advisers and directors in this affair have been Thomas Cumming,
+Esq., Mr. Archibald Paxton, Mr. James Paterson of Essex House, and
+Messrs. J. and W. Richardson, Printers. These, after deliberate
+reflection, have unanimously thought that I should accept Mr. Sandby's
+offer.
+
+Falconer's answer to this letter has not been preserved. It did not
+delay his departure from Dover in the _Aurora_ frigate. The vessel
+touched at the Cape; set sail again, and was never afterwards heard of.
+It is supposed that she was either burnt at sea, or driven northward by
+a storm and wrecked on the Madagascar coast. Falconer intended to have
+prefixed some complimentary lines to Mr. Murray to the third edition of
+"The Shipwreck," but they were omitted in the hurry of leaving London
+and England for India.
+
+Notwithstanding the failure of MacMurray to obtain the aid of Falconer
+in his partnership, he completed alone his contract with Mr. Sandby. His
+father at Edinburgh supplied him with the necessary capital, and he
+began the bookselling business in November 1768. He dropped the prefix
+"Mac" from his surname; put a ship in full sail at the head of his
+invoices; and announced himself to the public in the following terms:
+
+"John Murray (successor to Mr. Sandby), Bookseller and Stationer, at No.
+32, over against St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street, London, sells
+all new Books and Publications. Fits up Public or Private Libraries in
+the neatest manner with Books of the choicest Editions, the best Print,
+and the richest Bindings. Also, executes East India or foreign
+Commissions by an assortment of Books and Stationary suited to the
+Market or Purpose for which it is destined; all at the most reasonable
+rates."
+
+Among the first books he issued were new editions of Lord Lyttelton's
+"Dialogues of the Dead," and of his "History of King Henry the Second,"
+in stately quarto volumes, as well as of Walpole's "Castle of Otranto."
+He was well supported by his friends, and especially by his old brother
+officers, and we find many letters from all parts of the world
+requesting him to send consignments of books and magazines, the choice
+of which was, in many cases, left entirely to his own discretion. In
+1769 he received a letter from General Sir Robert Gordon, then in India,
+who informed him that he had recommended him to many of his comrades.
+
+_Sir R. Gordon to John Murray_.
+
+"Brigadier-General Wedderburn has not forgotten his old school-fellow,
+J. McMurray. Send me British news, and inform me of all political and
+other affairs at home." [He also added that Colonel Mackenzie, another
+old friend, is to be his patron.] "I hope," says Sir E. Gordon, in
+another letter, "that you find more profit and pleasure from your new
+employment than from that of the sword, which latter, you may remember,
+I endeavoured to dissuade you from returning to; but a little trial, and
+some further experience, at your time of life, cannot hurt you.... My
+best compliments to Mrs. Murray, who I suppose will not be sorry for
+your laying aside the wild Highland 'Mac' as unfashionable and even
+dangerous in the circuit of Wilkes's mob; but that, I am convinced, was
+your smallest consideration."
+
+The nature of Mr. Murray's business, and especially his consignments to
+distant lands, rendered it necessary for him to give long credit, while
+the expense and the risk of bringing out new books added a fresh strain
+on his resources. In these circumstances, he felt the need of fresh
+capital, and applied to his friend Mr. William Kerr, Surveyor of the
+General Post Office for Scotland, for a loan. Mr. Kerr responded in a
+kindly letter. Though he could not lend much at the time, he sent Mr.
+Murray £150, "lest he might be prejudiced for want of it," and added a
+letter of kind and homely advice.
+
+In order to extend his business to better advantage, Mr. Murray
+endeavoured to form connections with booksellers in Scotland and
+Ireland. In the first of these countries, as the sequel will show, the
+firm established permanent and important alliances. To push the trade in
+Ireland he employed Thomas Cumming, a Quaker mentioned in Boswell's
+"Life of Johnson," who had been one of his advisers as to the purchase
+of Mr. Sandby's business.
+
+_Mr. T. Gumming to John Murray_.
+
+"On receipt of thine I constantly applied to Alderman Faulkener, and
+showed him the first Fable of Florian, but he told me that he would not
+give a shilling for any original copy whatever, as there is no law or
+even custom to secure any property in books in this kingdom [Ireland].
+From him, I went directly to Smith and afterwards to Bradley, etc. They
+all gave me the same answer.... Sorry, and very sorry I am, that I
+cannot send a better account of the first commission thou hast favoured
+me with here. Thou may'st believe that I set about it with a perfect
+zeal, not lessened from the consideration of the troubles thou hast on
+my account, and the favours I so constantly receive from thee; nor
+certainly that my good friend Dr. Langhorne was not altogether out of
+the question. None of the trade here will transport books at their own
+risque. This is not a reading, but a hard-drinking city; 200 or 250 are
+as many as a bookseller, except it be an extraordinary work indeed, ever
+throws off at an impression."
+
+Mr. Murray not only published the works of others, but became an author
+himself. He wrote two letters in the _Morning Chronicle_ in defence of
+his old friend Colonel (afterwards Sir) Robert Gordon, who had been
+censured for putting an officer under arrest during the siege of Broach,
+in which Gordon had led the attack. The Colonel's brother, Gordon of
+Gordonstown, wrote to Murray, saying, "Whether you succeed or not, your
+two letters are admirably written; and you have obtained great merit and
+reputation for the gallant stand you have made for your friend." The
+Colonel himself wrote (August 20,1774): "I cannot sufficiently thank
+you, my dear sir, for the extraordinary zeal, activity, and warmth of
+friendship, with which you so strenuously supported and defended my
+cause, and my honour as a soldier, when attacked so injuriously by
+Colonel Stuart, especially when he was so powerfully supported."
+
+Up to this time Mr. Murray's success had been very moderate. He had
+brought out some successful works; but money came in slowly, and his
+chief difficulty was the want of capital. He was therefore under the
+necessity of refusing to publish works which might have done something
+to establish his reputation.
+
+At this juncture, i.e. in 1771, an uncle died leaving a fortune of
+£17,000, of which Mr. Murray was entitled to a fourth share. On the
+strength of this, his friend Mr. Kerr advanced to him a further sum of
+£500. The additional capital was put into the business, but even then
+his prosperity did not advance with rapid strides; and in 1777 we find
+him writing to his friend Mr. Richardson at Oxford.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Richardson_.
+
+DEAR JACK,
+
+I am fatigued from morning till night about twopenny matters, if any of
+which is forgotten I am complained of as a man who minds not his
+business. I pray heaven for a lazy and lucrative office, and then I
+shall with alacrity turn my shop out of the window.
+
+A curious controversy occurred in 1778 between Mr. Mason, executor of
+Thomas Gray the poet, and Mr. Murray, who had published a "Poetical
+Miscellany," in which were quoted fifty lines from three passages in
+Gray's works.
+
+Mr. Murray wrote a pamphlet in his own defence, and the incident is
+mentioned in the following passage from Boswell's "Life":
+
+"Somebody mentioned the Rev. Mr. Mason's prosecution of Mr. Murray, the
+bookseller, for having inserted in a collection only fifty lines of
+Gray's Poems, of which Mr. Mason had still the exclusive property, under
+the Statute of Queen Anne; and that Mr. Mason had persevered,
+notwithstanding his being requested to name his own terms of
+compensation. Johnson signified his displeasure at Mr. Mason's conduct
+very strongly; but added, by way of showing that he was not surprised at
+it, 'Mason's a Whig.' Mrs. Knowles (not hearing distinctly): 'What! a
+prig, Sir?' Johnson: 'Worse, Madam; a Whig! But he is both!'"
+
+Mr. Murray had considerable intercourse with the publishers of
+Edinburgh, among the chief of whom were Messrs. Creech & Elliot, and by
+their influence he soon established a connection with the professors of
+Edinburgh University. Creech, who succeeded Mr. Kincaid in his business
+in 1773, occupied a shop in the Luckenbooths, facing down the High
+Street, and commanding a prospect of Aberlady Bay and the north coast of
+Haddingtonshire. Being situated near the Parliament House--the centre of
+literary and antiquarian loungers, as well as lawyers--Creech's place of
+business was much frequented by the gossipers, and was known as
+_Creech's Levee_. Creech himself, dressed in black-silk breeches, with
+powdered hair and full of humorous talk, was one of the most conspicuous
+members of the group. He was also an author, though this was the least
+of his merits. He was an appreciative patron of literature, and gave
+large sums for the best books of the day.
+
+Mr. Elliot, whose place of business was in the Parliament Close, and
+whose daughter subsequently married Mr. Murray's son the subject of this
+biography, was a publisher of medical and surgical works, and Mr. Murray
+was his agent for the sale of these in London. We find from Mr. Elliot's
+letters that he was accustomed to send his parcels of books to London by
+the Leith fleet, accompanied by an armed convoy. In June 1780 he wrote:
+"As the fleet sails this evening, and the schooner carries 20 guns, I
+hope the parcel will be in London in four or five days"; and shortly
+afterwards: "I am sending you four parcels of books by the _Carran_,
+which mounts 22 guns, and sails with the _Glasgow_ of 20 guns." The
+reason of the Edinburgh books being conveyed to London guarded by armed
+ships, was that war was then raging, and that Spain, France, and Holland
+were united against England. The American Colonies had also rebelled,
+and Paul Jones, holding their commission, was hovering along the East
+Coast with three small ships of war and an armed brigantine. It was
+therefore necessary to protect the goods passing between Leith and
+London by armed convoys. Sometimes the vessels on their return were
+quarantined for a time in Inverkeithing Bay.
+
+The first Mrs. Murray died, leaving her husband childless, and he
+married again. By his second wife he had three sons and two daughters,
+two of the sons, born in 1779 and 1781 respectively, died in infancy,
+while the third, John, born in 1778, is the subject of this Memoir. In
+1782 he writes to his friend the Rev. John Whitaker: "We have one son
+and daughter, the son above four years, and the daughter above two
+years, both healthy and good-natured."
+
+In June 1782 Mr. Murray had a paralytic stroke, by which he, for a time,
+lost the use of his left side, and though he shortly recovered, and
+continued his work as before, he was aware of his dangerous position. To
+a friend going to Madeira in September 1791 he wrote: "Whether we shall
+ever meet again is a matter not easily determined. The stroke by which I
+suffered in 1782 is only suspended; it will be repeated, and I must
+fall in the contest."
+
+In the meantime Mr. Murray made arrangements for the education of his
+son. He was first sent for a year to the High School of Edinburgh. While
+there he lived with Mr. Robert Kerr, author of several works on
+Chemistry and Natural History, published by Mr. Murray. Having passed a
+year in Edinburgh, the boy returned to London, and after a time was sent
+to a school at Margate. There he seems to have made some progress. To a
+friend Mr. Murray wrote: "He promises, I think, to write well, although
+his master complains a little of his indolence, which I am afraid he
+inherits from me. If he does not overcome it, _it_ will overcome him."
+In a later letter he said: "The school is not the best, but the people
+are kind to him, and his health leaves no alternative. He writes a good
+hand, is fond of figures, and is coming forward both in Latin and
+French. Yet he inherits a spice of indolence, and is a little impatient
+in his temper. His appearance--open, modest, and manly--is much in his
+favour. He is grown a good deal, and left us for Margate (after his
+holiday) as happy as could be expected."
+
+In the course of the following year Mr. Murray sent the boy to a
+well-known school at Gosport, kept by Dr. Burney, one of his old Mends.
+Burney was a native of the North of Ireland, and had originally been
+called MacBurney, but, like Murray, he dropped the Mac.
+
+While at Dr. Burney's school, young Murray had the misfortune to lose
+the sight of his right eye. The writing-master was holding his penknife
+awkwardly in his hand, point downwards, and while the boy, who was
+showing up an exercise, stooped to pick up the book which had fallen,
+the blade ran into his eye and entirely destroyed the sight. To a friend
+about to proceed to Gosport, Mr. Murray wrote: "Poor John has met with a
+sad accident, which you will be too soon acquainted with when you reach
+Gosport. His mother is yet ignorant of it, and I dare not tell her."
+
+Eventually the boy was brought to London for the purpose of ascertaining
+whether something might be done by an oculist for the restoration of his
+sight. But the cornea had been too deeply wounded; the fluid of the eye
+had escaped; nothing could be done for his relief, and he remained blind
+in that eye to the end of his life. [Footnote: Long afterwards Chantrey
+the sculptor, who had suffered a similar misfortune, exclaimed, "What!
+are you too a brother Cyclops?" but, as the narrator of the story used
+to add, Mr. Murray could see better with one eye than most people with
+two.] His father withdrew him from Dr. Burney's school, and sent him in
+July 1793 to the Rev. Dr. Roberts, at Loughborough House, Kennington. In
+committing him to the schoolmaster's charge, Mr. Murray sent the
+following introduction:
+
+"Agreeable to my promise, I commit to you the charge of my son, and, as
+I mentioned to you in person, I agree to the terms of fifty guineas. The
+youth has been hitherto well spoken of by the gentleman he has been
+under. You will find him sensible and candid in the information you may
+want from him; and if you are kind enough to bestow pains upon him, the
+obligation on my part will be lasting. The branches to be learnt are
+these: Latin, French, Arithmetic, Mercantile Accounts, Elocution,
+History, Geography, Geometry, Astronomy, the Globes, Mathematics,
+Philosophy, Dancing, and Martial Exercise."
+
+Certainly, a goodly array of learning, knowledge, and physical training!
+
+To return to the history of Mr. Murray's publications. Some of his best
+books were published after the stroke of paralysis which he had
+sustained, and among them must be mentioned Mitford's "History of
+Greece," Lavater's work on Physiognomy, and the first instalment of
+Isaac D'Israeli's "Curiosities of Literature."
+
+The following extract from a letter to the Rev. Mr. Whitaker, dated
+December 20, 1784, takes us back to an earlier age.
+
+"Poor Dr. Johnson's remains passed my door for interment this afternoon.
+They were accompanied by thirteen mourning coaches with four horses
+each; and after these a cavalcade of the carriages of his friends. He
+was about to be buried in Westminster Abbey."
+
+In the same year the Rev. Alexander Fraser of Kirkhill, near Inverness,
+communicated to Mr. Murray his intention of publishing the Memoirs of
+Lord Lovat, the head of his clan. Mr. Eraser's father had received the
+Memoirs in manuscript from Lord Lovat, with an injunction to publish
+them after his death. "My father," he said, "had occasion to see his
+Lordship a few nights before his execution, when he again enjoined him
+to publish the Memoirs." General Fraser, a prisoner in the Castle of
+Edinburgh, had requested, for certain reasons, that the publication
+should be postponed; but the reasons no longer existed, and the Memoirs
+were soon after published by Mr. Murray, but did not meet with any
+success.
+
+The distressed state of trade and the consequent anxieties of conducting
+his business hastened Mr. Murray's end. On November 6, 1793, Samuel
+Highley, his principal assistant, wrote to a correspondent: "Mr. Murray
+died this day after a long and painful illness, and appointed as
+executors Dr. G.A. Paxton, Mrs. Murray, and Samuel Highley. The business
+hereafter will be conducted by Mrs. Murray." The Rev. Donald Grant,
+D.D., and George Noble, Esq., were also executors, but the latter did
+not act.
+
+The income of the property was divided as follows: one half to the
+education and maintenance of Mr. Murray's three children, and the other
+half to his wife so long as she remained a widow. But in the event of
+her marrying again, her share was to be reduced by one-third and her
+executorship was to cease.
+
+John Murray began his publishing career at the age of twenty-three. He
+was twenty-five years in business, and he died at the comparatively
+early age of forty-eight. That publishing books is not always a
+money-making business may be inferred from the fact that during these
+twenty-five years he did not, with all his industry, double his capital.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+JOHN MURRAY (II.)--BEGINNING OF HIS PUBLISHING CAREER--ISAAC D'ISRAELI,
+ETC.
+
+
+John Murray the Second--the "Anax of Publishers," according to Lord
+Byron--was born on November 27, 1778. He was his father's only surviving
+son by his second marriage, and being only fifteen at his father's
+death, was too young to enter upon the business of the firm, which was
+carried on by Samuel Highley--the "faithful shopman" mentioned in the
+elder Murray's will--for the benefit of his widow and family. What his
+father thought of him, of his health, spirits, and good nature, will
+have been seen from the preceding chapter.
+
+Young Murray returned to school, and remained there for about two years
+longer, until the marriage of his mother to Lieutenant Henry Paget, of
+the West Norfolk Militia, on September 28, 1795, when he returned to 32,
+Meet Street, to take part in the business. Mrs. Paget ceased to be an
+executor, retired from Fleet Street, and went to live at Bridgenorth
+with her husband, taking her two daughters--Jane and Mary Anne
+Murray--to live with her, and receiving from time to time the money
+necessary for their education.
+
+The executors secured the tenancy of No. 32, Fleet Street, part of the
+stock and part of the copyrights, for the firm of Murray & Highley,
+between whom a partnership was concluded in 1795, though Murray was
+still a minor. In the circumstances Mr. Highley of course took the
+principal share of the management, but though a very respectable person,
+he was not much of a business man, and being possessed by an almost
+morbid fear of running any risks, he brought out no new works, took no
+share in the new books that were published, and it is doubtful whether
+he looked very sharply after the copyrights belonging to the firm. He
+was mainly occupied in selling books brought out by other publishers.
+
+The late Mr. Murray had many good friends in India, who continued to
+send home their orders to the new firm of Murray & Highley. Amongst them
+were Warren Hastings and Joseph Hume. Hume had taken out with him an
+assortment of books from the late Mr. Murray, which had proved very
+useful; and he wrote to Murray and Highley for more. Indeed, he became a
+regular customer for books.
+
+Meanwhile Murray fretted very much under the careless and indifferent
+management of Highley. The executors did not like to be troubled with
+his differences with his partner, and paid very little attention to him
+or his affairs. Since his mother's remarriage and removal to
+Bridgenorth, the young man had literally no one to advise with, and was
+compelled to buffet with the troubles and difficulties of life alone.
+Though inexperienced, he had, however, spirit and common sense enough to
+see that he had but little help to expect from his partner, and the
+difficulties of his position no doubt contributed to draw forth and
+develop his own mental energy. He was not a finished scholar, but had
+acquired a thorough love of knowledge and literature, and a keen
+perception of the beauties of our great English classics. By acquiring
+and cultivating a purity of taste, he laid the foundations of that quick
+discrimination which, combined with his rapidly growing knowledge of men
+and authors, rendered him afterwards so useful, and even powerful, in
+the pursuit of his profession.
+
+Mr. Murray came of age on November 27, 1799; but he was prudent enough
+to continue with Highley for a few years longer. After four years more,
+he determined to set himself free to follow his own course, and the
+innumerable alterations and erasures in his own rough draft of the
+following letter testify to the pains and care which he bestowed on this
+momentous step.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Highley_.
+
+GREAT QUEEN STREET, _Friday, November 19, 1802._
+
+MR. HIGHLEY,
+
+I propose to you that our partnership should be dissolved on the
+twenty-fifth day of March next:
+
+That the disposal of the lease of the house and every other matter of
+difference that may arise respecting our dissolution shall be determined
+by arbitrators--each of us to choose one--and that so chosen they shall
+appoint a third person as umpire whom they may mutually agree upon
+previous to their entering upon the business:
+
+I am willing to sign a bond to this effect immediately, and I think that
+I shall be able to determine my arbitrator some day next week.
+
+As I know this proposal to be as fair as one man could make to another
+in a like situation, and in order to prevent unpleasant altercation or
+unnecessary discussion, I declare it to be the last with which I intend
+to trouble you.
+
+I take this opportunity of saying that, however much we may differ upon
+matters of business, I most sincerely wish you well.
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+In the end they agreed to draw lots for the house, and Murray had the
+good fortune to remain at No. 32, Fleet Street. Mr. Highley removed to
+No. 24 in the same street, and took with him, by agreement, the
+principal part of the medical works of the firm. Mr. Murray now started
+on his own account, and began a career of publication almost unrivalled
+in the history of letters.
+
+Before the dissolution of partnership, Mr. Murray had seen the first
+representation of Column's Comedy of "John Bull" at Covent Garden
+Theatre, and was so fascinated by its "union of wit, sentiment, and
+humour," that the day after its representation he wrote to Mr. Colman,
+and offered him £300 for the copyright. No doubt Mr. Highley would have
+thought this a rash proceeding.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Colman_.
+
+"The truth is that during my minority I have been shackled to a drone of
+a partner; but the day of emancipation is at hand. On the twenty-fifth
+of this month [March 1803] I plunge alone into the depths of literary
+speculation. I am therefore honestly ambitious that my first appearance
+before the public should be such as will at once stamp my character and
+respectability. On this account, therefore, I think that your Play would
+be more advantageous to me than to any other bookseller; and as 'I am
+not covetous of Gold,' I should hope that no trifling consideration
+will be allowed to prevent my having the honour of being Mr. Colman's
+publisher. You see, sir, that I am endeavouring to interest your
+feelings, both as a Poet and as a Man."
+
+Mr. Colman replied in a pleasant letter, thanking Mr. Murray for his
+liberal offer. The copyright, however, had been sold to the proprietor
+of the theatre, and Mr. Murray was disappointed in this, his first
+independent venture in business.
+
+The times were very bad. Money was difficult to be had on any terms, and
+Mr. Murray had a hard task to call in the money due to Murray & Highley,
+as well as to collect the sums due to himself.
+
+Mr. Joseph Hume, not yet the scrupulous financier which he grew to be,
+among others, was not very prompt in settling his accounts; and Mr.
+Murray wrote to him, on July 11, 1804:
+
+"On the other side is a list of books (amount £92 8s. 6d.), containing
+all those for which you did me the favour to write: and I trust that
+they will reach you safely.... If in future you could so arrange that my
+account should be paid by some house in town within six months after the
+goods are shipped, I shall be perfectly satisfied, and shall execute
+your orders with much more despatch and pleasure. I mention this, not
+from any apprehension of not being paid, but because my circumstances
+will not permit me to give so large an extent of credit. It affords me
+great pleasure to hear of your advancement; and I trust that your health
+will enable you to enjoy all the success to which your talents entitle
+you."
+
+He was, for the same reason, under the necessity of declining to publish
+several new works offered to him, especially those dealing with medical
+and poetical subjects.
+
+Mr. Archibald Constable of Edinburgh, and Messrs. Bell & Bradfute, Mr.
+Murray's agents in Edinburgh, were also communicated with as to the
+settlement of their accounts with Murray & Highley. "I expected," he
+said, "to have been able to pay my respects to you both this summer
+[1803], but my _military duties_, and the serious aspect of the times,
+oblige me to remain at home." It was the time of a patriotic volunteer
+movement, and Mr. Murray was enrolled as an ensign in the 3rd Regiment
+of Royal London Volunteers.
+
+It cannot now be ascertained what was the origin of the acquaintance
+between the D'Israeli and Murray families, but it was of old standing.
+The first John Murray published the first volumes of Isaac D'Israeli's
+"Curiosities of Literature" (1791), and though no correspondence between
+them has been preserved, we find frequent mention of the founder of the
+house in Isaac D'Israeli's letters to John Murray the Second. His
+experiences are held up for his son's guidance, as for example, when
+Isaac, urging the young publisher to support some petition to the East
+India Company, writes, "It was a ground your father trod, and I suppose
+that connection cannot do you any harm"; or again, when dissuading him
+from undertaking some work submitted to him, "You can mention to Mr.
+Harley the fate of Professor Musaeus' 'Popular Tales,' which never sold,
+and how much your father was disappointed." On another occasion we find
+D'Israeli, in 1809, inviting his publisher to pay a visit to a yet older
+generation, "to my father, who will be very glad to see you at Margate."
+
+Besides the "Curiosities of Literature," and "Flim-Flams," the last a
+volume not mentioned by Lord Beaconsfield in the "Life" of his father
+prefixed to the 1865 edition of the "Curiosities of Literature," Mr.
+D'Israeli published through Murray, in 1803, a small volume of
+"Narrative Poems" in 4to. They consisted of "An Ode to his Favourite
+Critic"; "The Carder and the Currier, a Story of Amorous Florence";
+"Cominge, a Story of La Trappe"; and "A Tale addressed to a Sybarite."
+The verses in these poems run smoothly, but they contain no wit, no
+poetry, nor even any story. They were never reprinted.
+
+The following letter is of especial interest, as fixing the date of an
+event which has given rise to much discussion--the birth of Benjamin
+Disraeli.
+
+_Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 22, 1804. [Footnote: Mr. D'Israeli was living at this time in
+King's Road (now 1, John Street), Bedford Row, in a corner house
+overlooking Gray's Inn Gardens.]
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Mrs. D'Israeli will receive particular gratification from the
+interesting note you have sent us on the birth of our boy--when she
+shall have read it. In the meanwhile accept my thanks, and my best
+compliments to your sister. The mother and infant are both doing well.
+
+Ever yours.
+
+I. D'I.
+
+Some extracts from their correspondence will afford an insight into the
+nature of the friendship and business relations which existed between
+Isaac D'Israeli and his young publisher as well as into the characters
+of the two men themselves.
+
+From a letter dated Brighton, August 5, 1805, from Mr. D'Israeli to John
+Murray:
+
+"Your letter is one of the repeated specimens I have seen of your happy
+art of giving interest even to commonplace correspondence, and I, who am
+so feelingly alive to the 'pains and penalties' of postage, must
+acknowledge that such letters, ten times repeated, would please me as
+often.
+
+We should have been very happy to see you here, provided it occasioned
+no intermission in your more serious occupations, and could have added
+to your amusements.
+
+With respect to the projected 'Institute,' [Footnote: This was a work at
+one time projected by Mr. Murray, but other more pressing literary
+arrangements prevented the scheme being carried into effect.] if that
+title be English--doubtless the times are highly favourable to patronize
+a work skilfully executed, whose periodical pages would be at once
+useful information, and delightful for elegant composition, embellished
+by plates, such as have never yet been given, both for their subjects
+and their execution. Literature is a perpetual source opened to us; but
+the Fine Arts present an unploughed field, and an originality of
+character ... But Money, Money must not be spared in respect to rich,
+beautiful, and interesting Engravings. On this I have something to
+communicate. Encourage Dagley, [Footnote: The engraver of the
+frontispiece of "Flim-Flams."] whose busts of Seneca and Scarron are
+pleasingly executed; but you will also want artists of name. I have a
+friend, extremely attached to literature and the fine arts, a gentleman
+of opulent fortune; by what passed with him in conversation, I have
+reason to believe that he would be ready to assist by money to a
+considerable extent. Would that suit you? How would you arrange with
+him? Would you like to divide your work in _Shares_? He is an intimate
+friend of West's, and himself too an ingenious writer.
+
+How came you to advertise 'Domestic Anecdotes'? Kearsley printed 1,250
+copies. I desire that no notice of the authors of that work may be known
+from _your_ side.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At this moment I receive your packet of poems, and Shee's letter. I
+perceive that he is impressed by your attentions and your ability. It
+will always afford me one of my best pleasures to forward your views; I
+claim no merit from this, but my discernment in discovering your
+talents, which, under the genius of Prudence (the best of all Genii for
+human affairs), must inevitably reach the goal. The literary productions
+of I.D['Israeli] and others may not augment the profits o£ your trade in
+any considerable degree; but to get the talents of such writers at your
+command is a prime object, and others will follow.
+
+I had various conversations with Phillips [Footnote: Sir Richard
+Phillips, bookseller. This is the publisher whose book on philosophy
+George Borrow was set to translate into German, and who recommended him
+to produce something in the style of "The Dairyman's Daughter"!] here;
+he is equally active, but more _wise_. He owns his _belles-lettres_
+books have given no great profits; in my opinion he must have lost even
+by some. But he makes a fortune by juvenile and useful compilations. You
+know I always told you he wanted _literary taste_--like an atheist, who
+is usually a disappointed man, he thinks all _belles lettres_ are
+nonsense, and denies the existence of _taste_; but it exists! and I
+flatter myself you will profit under that divinity. I have much to say
+on this subject and on him when we meet.
+
+At length I have got through your poetry: it has been a weary task! The
+writer has a good deal of fire, but it is rarely a very bright flame.
+Here and there we see it just blaze, and then sink into mediocrity. He
+is too redundant and tiresome.... 'Tis a great disadvantage to read them
+in MS., as one cannot readily turn to passages; but life is too short to
+be peeping into other peoples' MSS. _I prefer your prose to your verse_.
+Let me know if you receive it safely, and pray give no notion to any one
+that I have seen the MS."
+
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+"It is a most disagreeable office to give opinions on MSS.; one reads
+them at a moment when one has other things in one's head--then one is
+obliged to fatigue the brain with _thinking_; but if I can occasionally
+hinder you from publishing nugatory works, I do not grudge the pains. At
+the same time I surely need not add, how very _confidential_ such
+communications ought to be."
+
+
+_Mr. I. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+I am delighted by your apology for not having called on me after I had
+taken my leave of you the day before; but you can make an unnecessary
+apology as agreeable as any other act of kindness....
+
+You are sanguine in your hope of a good sale of "Curiosities," it will
+afford us a mutual gratification; but when you consider it is not a new
+work, though considerably improved I confess, and that those kinds of
+works cannot boast of so much novelty as they did about ten years ago, I
+am somewhat more moderate in my hopes.
+
+What you tell me of F.F. from Symond's, is _new_ to me. I sometimes
+throw out in the shop _remote hints_ about the sale of books, all the
+while meaning only _mine_; but they have no skill in construing the
+timid wishes of a modest author; they are not aware of his suppressed
+sighs, nor see the blushes of hope and fear tingling his cheek; they are
+provokingly silent, and petrify the imagination....
+
+Believe me, with the truest regard,
+
+Yours ever,
+
+I. D'ISRAELI.
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_. _Saturday, May_ 31, 1806. KING'S ROAD.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+It is my wish to see you for five minutes this day, but as you must be
+much engaged, and I am likely to be prevented reaching you this morning,
+I shall only trouble you with a line.
+
+Most warmly I must impress on your mind the _necessity_ of taking the
+advice of a physician. Who? You know many. We have heard extraordinary
+accounts of Dr. Baillie, and that (what is more extraordinary) he is not
+mercenary....
+
+I have written this to impress on your mind this point. Seeing you as we
+see you, and your friend at a fault, how to decide, and you without some
+relative or domestic friend about you, gives Mrs. D'I. and myself very
+serious concerns--for you know we do take the warmest interest in your
+welfare--and your talents and industry want nothing but health to make
+you yet what it has always been one of my most gratifying hopes to
+conceive of you.
+
+Yours very affectionately,
+
+I. D'ISRAELI.
+
+A circumstance, not without influence on Murray's future, occurred about
+this time with respect to the "Miniature," a volume of comparatively
+small importance, consisting of essays written by boys at Eton, and
+originally published at Windsor by Charles Knight. Through Dr. Kennell,
+Master of the Temple, his friend and neighbour, who lived close at hand,
+Murray became acquainted with the younger Kennell, Mr. Stratford
+Canning, Gally Knight, the two sons of the Marquis Wellesley, and other
+young Etonians, who had originated and conducted this School magazine.
+Thirty-four numbers appeared in the course of a year, and were then
+brought out in a volume by Mr. Knight at the expense of the authors. The
+transaction had involved them in debt. "Whatever chance of success our
+hopes may dictate," wrote Stratford Canning, "yet our apprehensions
+teach us to tremble at the possibility of additional expenses," and the
+sheets lay unsold on the bookseller's hands. Mr. Murray, who was
+consulted about the matter, said to Dr. Rennell, "Tell them to send the
+unsold sheets to me, and I will pay the debt due to the printer." The
+whole of the unsold sheets were sent by the "Windsor Waggon" to Mr.
+Murray's at Fleet Street. He made waste-paper of the whole bundle--there
+were 6,376 numbers in all,--brought out a new edition of 750 copies,
+printed in good type, and neatly bound, and announced to Stratford
+Canning that he did this at his own cost and risk, and would make over
+to the above Etonians half the profits of the work. The young authors
+were highly pleased by this arrangement, and Stratford Canning wrote to
+Murray (October 20, 1805): "We cannot sufficiently thank you for your
+kind attention to our concerns, and only hope that the success of the
+_embryo_ edition may be equal to your care." How great was the
+importance of the venture in his eyes may be judged from the naïve
+allusion with which he proceeds: "It will be a week or two before we
+commit it to the press, for amidst our other occupations the business of
+the school must not be neglected, and that by itself is no trivial
+employment."
+
+By means of this transaction Murray had the sagacity to anticipate an
+opportunity of making friends of Canning and Frere, who were never tired
+of eulogizing the spirit and enterprise of the young Fleet Street
+publisher. Stratford Canning introduced him to his cousin George, the
+great minister, whose friendship and support had a very considerable
+influence in promoting and establishing his future prosperity. It is
+scarcely necessary to add that the new edition of the "Miniature"
+speedily became waste paper.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+
+MURRAY AND CONSTABLE--HUNTER AND THE FORFARSHIRE LAIRDS--MARRIAGE OF
+JOHN MURRAY
+
+The most important publishing firm with which Mr. Murray was connected
+at the outset of his career was that of Archibald Constable & Co., of
+Edinburgh. This connection had a considerable influence upon Murray's
+future fortunes.
+
+Constable, who was about four years older than Murray, was a man of
+great ability, full of spirit and enterprise. He was by nature generous,
+liberal, and far-seeing. The high prices which he gave for the best kind
+of literary work drew the best authors round him, and he raised the
+publishing trade of Scotland to a height that it had never before
+reached, and made Edinburgh a great centre of learning and literature.
+
+In 1800 he commenced the _Farmer's Magazine_, and in the following year
+acquired the property of the _Scots Magazine,_ a venerable repertory of
+literary, historical, and antiquarian matter; but it was not until the
+establishment of the _Edinburgh Review_, in October 1802, that
+Constable's name became a power in the publishing world.
+
+In the year following the first issue of the _Review_, Constable took
+into partnership Alexander Gibson Hunter, eldest son of David Hunter, of
+Blackness, a Forfarshire laird. The new partner brought a considerable
+amount of capital into the firm, at a time when capital was greatly
+needed in that growing concern. His duties were to take charge of the
+ledger and account department, though he never took much interest in his
+work, but preferred to call in the help of a clever arithmetical clerk.
+
+It is unnecessary to speak of the foundation of the _Edinburgh Review_.
+It appeared at the right time, and was mainly supported by the talents
+of Jeffrey, Brougham, Sydney Smith, Francis Horner, Dr. Thomas Brown,
+Lord Murray, and other distinguished writers. The first number
+immediately attracted public attention. Mr. Joseph Mawman was the London
+agent, but some dissatisfaction having arisen with respect to his
+management, the London sale was transferred to the Messrs. Longman, with
+one half share in the property of the work.
+
+During the partnership of Murray and Highley, they had occasional
+business transactions with Constable of Edinburgh. Shortly after the
+partnership was dissolved in March 1803, Murray wrote as follows to Mr.
+Constable:
+
+_April_ 25, 1803.
+
+"I have several works in the press which I should be willing to consign
+to your management in Edinburgh, but that I presume you have already
+sufficient business upon your hands, and that you would not find mine
+worth attending to. If so, I wish that you would tell me of some
+vigorous young bookseller, like myself, just starting into business,
+upon whose probity, punctuality, and exertion you think I might rely,
+and I would instantly open a correspondence with him; and in return it
+will give me much pleasure to do any civil office for you in London. I
+should be happy if any arrangement could be made wherein we might prove
+of reciprocal advantage; and were you from your superabundance to pick
+me out any work of merit of which you would either make me the publisher
+in London, or in which you would allow me to become a partner, I dare
+say the occasion would arise wherein I could return the compliment, and
+you would have the satisfaction of knowing that your book was in the
+hands of one who has not yet so much business as to cause him to neglect
+any part of it."
+
+Mr. Constable's answer was favourable. In October 1804 Mr. Murray, at
+the instance of Constable, took as his apprentice Charles Hunter, the
+younger brother of A. Gibson Hunter, Constable's partner. The
+apprenticeship was to be for four or seven years, at the option of
+Charles Hunter. These negotiations between the firms, and their
+increasing interchange of books, showed that they were gradually drawing
+nearer to each other, until their correspondence became quite friendly
+and even intimate. Walter Scott was now making his appearance as an
+author; Constable had published his "Sir Tristram" in May 1804, and his
+"Lay of the Last Minstrel" in January 1805. Large numbers of these works
+were forwarded to London and sold by Mr. Murray.
+
+At the end of 1805 differences arose between the Constable and Longman
+firms as to the periodical works in which they were interested. The
+editor and proprietors of the _Edinburgh Review_ were of opinion that
+the interest of the Longmans in two other works of a similar
+character--the _Annual Review_ and the _Eclectic_--tended to lessen
+their exertions on behalf of the _Edinburgh_. It was a matter that might
+easily have been arranged; but the correspondents were men of hot
+tempers, and with pens in their hands, they sent stinging letters from
+London to Edinburgh, and from Edinburgh to London. Rees, Longman's
+partner, was as bitter in words on the one side as Hunter, Constable's
+partner, was on the other. At length a deadly breach took place, and it
+was resolved in Edinburgh that the publication of the _Edinburgh Review_
+should be transferred to John Murray, Fleet Street. Alexander Gibson
+Hunter, Constable's partner, wrote to Mr. Murray to tell of the rupture
+and to propose a closer alliance with him.
+
+Mr. Murray replied:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. A.G. Hunter.
+
+December 7, 1805_.
+
+"With regard to the important communication of your last letter, I
+confess the surprise with which I read it was not without some mixture
+of regret. The extensive connections betwixt your house and Longman's
+cannot be severed at once without mutual inconvenience, and perhaps
+mutual disadvantages, your share of which a more protracted
+dismemberment might have prevented. From what I had occasion to observe,
+I did not conceive that your concerns together would ever again move
+with a cordiality that would render them lasting; but still, I imagined
+that mutual interest and forbearance would allow them to subside into
+that indifference which, without animosity or mischief, would leave
+either party at liberty to enter upon such new arrangements as offered
+to their separate advantage. I do not, however, doubt but that all
+things have been properly considered, and perhaps finally settled for
+the best; but Time, the only arbitrator in these cases, must decide.
+
+"In your proposed engagements with Mr. Davies, you will become better
+acquainted with a man of great natural talents, and thoroughly versed in
+business, which he regulates by the most honourable principles. As for
+myself, you will find me exceedingly assiduous in promoting your views,
+into which I shall enter with feelings higher than those of mere
+interest. Indeed, linked as our houses are at present, we have a natural
+tendency to mutual good understanding, which will both prevent and
+soften those asperities in business which might otherwise enlarge into
+disagreement. Country orders [referring to Constable & Co.'s 'general
+order'] are a branch of business which I have ever totally declined as
+incompatible with my more serious plans as a publisher. But _your_
+commissions I shall undertake with pleasure, and the punctuality with
+which I have attempted to execute _your first order_ you will, I hope,
+consider as a specimen of my disposition to give you satisfaction in
+every transaction in which we may hereafter be mutually engaged."
+
+It was a great chance for a young man entering life with a moderate
+amount of capital, to be virtually offered an intimate connection with
+one of the principal publishing houses of the day. It was one of those
+chances which, "taken at the flood, lead on to fortune," but there was
+also the question of honour, and Mr. Murray, notwithstanding his desire
+for opening out a splendid new connection in business, would do nothing
+inconsistent with the strictest honour. He was most unwilling to thrust
+himself in between Constable and Longman. Instead, therefore, of jumping
+at Constable's advantageous offer, his feelings induced him to promote a
+reconciliation between the parties; and he continued to enjoin
+forbearance on the part of both firms, so that they might carry on their
+business transactions as before. Copies of the correspondence between
+Constable and the Longmans were submitted to referees (Murray and
+Davies), and the following was Mr. Murray's reply, addressed to Messrs.
+Constable & Co.:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Constable & Co_.
+
+_December_ 14, 1805.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+Mr. Hunter's obliging letter to me arrived this morning. That which he
+enclosed with yours to his brother last night, Charles gave me to read.
+The contents were very flattering. Indeed, I cannot but agree with Mr.
+H. that his brother has displayed very honourable feelings, upon hearing
+of the probable separation of your house, and that of Messrs. Longman &
+Co. Mr. Longman was the first who mentioned this to him, and indeed from
+the manner in which Charles related his conversation upon the affair, I
+could not but feel renewed sensations of regret at the unpleasant
+termination of a correspondence, which, had it been conducted upon Mr.
+Longman's own feelings, would have borne, I think, a very different
+aspect. Longman spoke of you both with kindness, and mildly complained
+that he had perceived a want of confidence on your part, ever since his
+junction with Messrs. Hurst & Orme. He confessed that the correspondence
+was too harsh for him to support any longer; but, he added, "_if we must
+part, let us part like friends_." I am certain, from what Charles
+reported to me, that Mr. L. and I think Mr. R. [Rees] are hurt by this
+sudden disunion.
+
+Recollect how serious every dispute becomes upon paper, when a man
+writes a thousand asperities merely to show or support his superior
+ability. Things that would not have been spoken, or perhaps even thought
+of in conversation, are stated and horribly magnified _upon paper_.
+Consider how many disputes have arisen in the world, in which both
+parties were so violent in what they believed to be the support of
+truth, and which to the public, and indeed to themselves a few years
+afterwards, appeared unwise, because the occasion or cause of it was not
+worth contending about. Consider that you are, all of you, men who can
+depend upon each other's probity and honour, and where these essentials
+are not wanting, surely in mere matters of business the rest may be
+palliated by mutual bearance and forbearance. Besides, you are so
+connected by various publications, your common property, and some of
+them such as will remain so until the termination of your lives, that
+you cannot effect an entire disunion, and must therefore be subject to
+eternal vexations and regrets which will embitter every transaction and
+settlement between you.
+
+You know, moreover, that it is one of the misfortunes of our nature,
+that disputes are always the most bitter in proportion to former
+intimacy. And how much dissatisfaction will it occasion if either of you
+are desirous in a year or two of renewing that intimacy which you are
+now so anxious to dissolve--to say nothing of your relative utility to
+each other--a circumstance which is never properly estimated, except
+when the want of the means reminds us of what we have been at such pains
+to deprive ourselves. Pause, my dear sirs, whilst to choose be yet in
+your power; show yourselves superior to common prejudice, and by an
+immediate exercise of your acknowledged pre-eminence of intellect,
+suffer arrangements to be made for an accommodation and for a renewal of
+that connexion which has heretofore been productive of honour and
+profit. I am sure I have to apologize for having ventured to say so much
+to men so much my superiors in sense and knowledge of the world and
+their own interest; but sometimes the meanest bystander may perceive
+disadvantages in the movements of the most skilful players.
+
+You will not, I am sure, attribute anything which I have said to an
+insensibility to the immediate advantages which will arise to myself
+from a determination opposite to that which I have taken the liberty of
+suggesting. It arises from a very different feeling. I should be very
+little worthy of your great confidence and attention to my interest upon
+this occasion, if I did not state freely the result of my humble
+consideration of this matter; and having done so, I do assure you that
+if the arrangements which you now propose are carried into effect, I
+will apply the most arduous attention to your interest, to which I will
+turn the channel of my own thoughts and business, which, I am proud to
+say, is rising in proportion to the industry and honourable principles
+which have been used in its establishment. I am every day adding to a
+most respectable circle of literary connexions, and I hope, a few months
+after the settlement of your present affairs, to offer shares to you of
+works in which you will feel it advantageous to engage. Besides, as I
+have at present no particular bias, no enormous works of my own which
+would need all my care, I am better qualified to attend to any that you
+may commit to my charge; and, being young, my business may be formed
+with a disposition, as it were, towards yours; and thus growing up with
+it, we are more likely to form a durable connexion than can be expected
+with persons whose views are imperceptibly but incessantly diverging
+from each other.
+
+Should you be determined--_irrevocably_ determined (but consider!) upon
+the disunion with Messrs. Longman, I will just observe that when persons
+have been intimate, they have discovered each other's vulnerable points;
+it therefore shows no great talent to direct at them shafts of
+resentment. It is easy both to write and to say ill-natured, harsh, and
+cutting things of each other. But remember that this power is _mutual_,
+and in proportion to the poignancy of the wound which you would inflict
+will be your own feelings when it is returned. It is therefore a maxim
+which I laid down soon after a separation which I _had_, never to say or
+do to my late colleague what he could say or do against me in return. I
+knew that I had the personal superiority, but what his own ingenuity
+could not suggest, others could write for him.
+
+I must apologise again for having been so tedious, but I am sure that
+the same friendliness on your part which has produced these hasty but
+well-meant expostulations will excuse them. After this, I trust it is
+unnecessary for me to state with how much sincerity,
+
+I am, dear sirs,
+
+Your faithful friend,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Ten days after this letter was written, Mr. Murray sent a copy of it to
+Messrs. Longman & Co., and wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Longman & Co_,
+
+_December_ 24, 1805.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+The enclosed letter will show that I am not ignorant that a
+misunderstanding prevails betwixt your house and that of Messrs.
+Constable & Co. With the cause, however, I am as yet unacquainted;
+though I have attempted, but in vain, to obviate a disunion which I most
+sincerely regret. Whatever arrangements with regard to myself may take
+place in consequence will have arisen from circumstances which it was
+not in my power to prevent; and they will not therefore be suffered to
+interfere in any way with those friendly dispositions which will
+continue, I trust, to obtain between you and, gentlemen,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+But the split was not to be avoided. It appears, however, that by the
+contract entered into by Constable with Longmans in 1803, the latter had
+acquired a legal right precluding the publication of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ by another publisher without their express assent. Such assent
+was not given, and the London publication of the _Edinburgh_ continued
+in Longman's hands for a time; but all the other works of Constable were
+at once transferred to Mr. Murray.
+
+Mr. Constable invited Murray to come to Edinburgh to renew their
+personal friendship, the foundations of which had been laid during Mr.
+Murray's visit to Edinburgh in the previous year; and now that their
+union was likely to be much closer, he desired to repeat the visit. Mr.
+Murray had another, and, so far as regarded his personal happiness, a
+much more important object in view. This arose out of the affection
+which he had begun to entertain for Miss Elliot, daughter of the late
+Charles Elliot, publisher, with whom Mr. Murray's father had been in
+such constant correspondence. The affection was mutual, and it seemed
+probable that the attachment would ripen into a marriage.
+
+Now that his reputation as a publisher was becoming established, Mr.
+Murray grew more particular as to the guise of the books which he
+issued. He employed the best makers of paper, the best printers, and the
+best book-binders. He attended to the size and tone of the paper, and
+quality of the type, the accuracy of the printing, and the excellence of
+the illustrations. All this involved a great deal of correspondence. We
+find his letters to the heads of departments full of details as to the
+turn-out of his books. Everything, from the beginning to the end of the
+issue of a work--the first inspection of the MS., the consultation with
+confidential friends as to its fitness for publication, the form in
+which it was to appear, the correction of the proofs, the binding,
+title, and final advertisement--engaged his closest attention. Besides
+the elegant appearance of his books, he also aimed at raising the
+standard of the literature which he published. He had to criticize as
+well as to select; to make suggestions as to improvements where the
+manuscript was regarded with favour, and finally to launch the book at
+the right time and under the best possible auspices. It might almost be
+said of the publisher, as it is of the poet, that he is born, not made.
+And Mr. Murray appears, from the beginning to the end of his career, to
+have been a born publisher.
+
+In August 1806, during the slack season in London, Mr. Murray made his
+promised visit to Edinburgh. He was warmly received by Constable and
+Hunter, and enjoyed their hospitality for some days. After business
+matters had been disposed of, he was taken in hand by Hunter, the junior
+partner, and led off by him to enjoy the perilous hospitality of the
+Forfarshire lairds.
+
+Those have been called the days of heroic drinking. Intemperance
+prevailed to an enormous extent. It was a time of greater
+licentiousness, perhaps, in all the capitals of Europe, and this
+northern one among the rest, than had been known for a long period. Men
+of the best education and social position drank like the Scandinavian
+barbarians of olden times. Tavern-drinking, now almost unknown among the
+educated and professional classes of Edinburgh, was then carried by all
+ranks to a dreadful excess.
+
+Murray was conducted by Hunter to his father's house of Eskmount in
+Forfarshire, where he was most cordially received, and in accordance
+with the custom of the times the hospitality included invitations to
+drinking bouts at the neighbouring houses.
+
+An unenviable notoriety in this respect attached to William Maule
+(created Baron Panmure 1831). He was the second son of the eighth Earl
+of Dalhousie, but on succeeding, through his grandmother, to the estates
+of the Earls of Panmure, he had assumed the name of Maule in lieu of
+that of Ramsay.
+
+Much against his will, Murray was compelled to take part in some of
+these riotous festivities with the rollicking, hard-drinking Forfarshire
+lairds, and doubtless he was not sorry to make his escape at length
+uninjured, if not unscathed, and to return to more congenial society in
+Edinburgh. His attachment to Miss Elliot ended in an engagement.
+
+In the course of his correspondence with Miss Elliot's trustees, Mr.
+Murray gave a statement of his actual financial position at the time:
+
+"When I say," he wrote, "that my capital in business amounts to five
+thousand pounds, I meant it to be understood that if I quitted business
+to-morrow, the whole of my property being sold, even disadvantageously,
+it would leave a balance in my favour, free from debt or any
+incumbrance, of the sum above specified. But you will observe that,
+continuing it as I shall do in business, I know it to be far more
+considerable and productive. I will hope that it has not been thought
+uncandid in me if I did not earlier specify the amount of my
+circumstances, for I considered that I had done this in the most
+delicate and satisfactory way when I took the liberty of referring you
+to Mr. Constable to whom I consequently disclosed my affairs, and whose
+knowledge of my connexions in business might I thought have operated
+more pleasingly to Miss Elliot's friends than any communication from
+myself."
+
+The correspondence with Miss Elliot went on, and at length it was
+arranged that Mr. Murray should proceed to Edinburgh for the marriage.
+He went by mail in the month of February. A tremendous snowstorm set in
+on his journey north. From a village near Doncaster he wrote to
+Constable: "The horses were twice blown quite round, unable to face the
+horrid blast of cold wind, the like of which I have never known before.
+There was at the same time a terrible fall of snow, which completely
+obscured everything that could be seen from the coach window. The snow
+became of great depth, and six strong horses could scarcely pull us
+through. We are four hours behind time." From Doncaster he went to
+Durham in a postchaise; and pushing onward, he at last reached Edinburgh
+after six days' stormy travelling.
+
+While at Edinburgh, Mr. Murray resided with Mr. Sands, one of the late
+Charles Elliot's trustees. The marriage took place on March 6, 1807, and
+the newly married pair at once started for Kelso, in spite of the roads
+being still very bad, and obstructed by snow. Near Blackshields the
+horses fell down and rolled over and over. The postboy's leg was broken,
+and the carriage was sadly damaged. A neighbouring blacksmith was called
+to the rescue, and after an hour and a half the carriage was
+sufficiently repaired to be able to proceed. A fresh pair of horses was
+obtained at the next stage, and the married couple reached Kelso in
+safety. They remained there a few days, waiting for Mrs. Elliot, who
+was to follow them; and on her arrival, they set out at once for the
+south.
+
+The intimacy which existed between Mr. Murray and Mr. D'Israeli will be
+observed from the fact that the latter was selected as one of the
+marriage trustees. A few days after the arrival of the married pair in
+London, they were invited to dine with Mr. D'Israeli and his friends.
+Mr. Alexander Hunter, whom Mr. Murray had invited to stay with him
+during his visit to London, thus describes the event:
+
+"Dressed, and went along with the Clan Murray to dine at Mr.
+D'Israeli's, where we had a most sumptuous banquet, and a very large
+party, in honour of the newly married folks. There was a very beautiful
+woman there, Mrs. Turner, wife of Sharon Turner, the Anglo-Saxon
+historian, who, I am told, was one of the Godwin school! If they be all
+as beautiful, accomplished, and agreeable as this lady, they must be a
+deuced dangerous set indeed, and I should not choose to trust myself
+amongst them.
+
+"Our male part of the company consisted mostly of literary
+men--Cumberland, Turner, D'Israeli, Basevi, Prince Hoare, and Cervetto,
+the truly celebrated violoncello player. Turner was the most able and
+agreeable of the whole by far; Cumberland, the most talkative and
+eccentric perhaps, has a good sprinkling of learning and humour in his
+conversation and anecdote, from having lived so long amongst the eminent
+men of his day, such as Johnson, Foote, Garrick, and such like. But his
+conversation is sadly disgusting, from his tone of irony and detraction
+conveyed in a cunning sort of way and directed constantly against the
+_Edinburgh Review_, Walter Scott (who is a 'poor ignorant boy, and no
+poet,' and never wrote a five-feet line in his life), and such other
+d----d stuff."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+"MARMION"--CONSTABLES AND BALLANTYNES--THE "EDINBURGH REVIEW"
+
+
+Mr. Murray was twenty-nine years old at the time of his marriage. That
+he was full of contentment as well as hope at this time may be inferred
+from his letter to Constable three weeks after his marriage:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Constable_.
+
+_March 27, 1807_.
+
+"I declare to you that I am every day more content with my lot. Neither
+my wife nor I have any disposition for company or going out; and you may
+rest assured that I shall devote all my attention to business, and that
+your concerns will not be less the object of my regard merely because
+you have raised mine so high. Every moment, my dear Constable, I feel
+more grateful to you, and I trust that you will over find me your
+faithful friend.--J.M."
+
+Some of the most important events in Murray's career occurred during the
+first year of his married life. Chief among them may perhaps be
+mentioned his part share in the publication of "Marmion" (in February
+1808)--which brought him into intimate connection with Walter Scott--and
+his appointment for a time as publisher in London of the _Edinburgh
+Review_; for he was thus brought into direct personal contact with those
+forces which ultimately led to the chief literary enterprise of his
+life--the publication of the _Quarterly Review_.
+
+Mr. Scott called upon Mr. Murray in London shortly after the return of
+the latter from his marriage in Edinburgh.
+
+"Mr. Scott called upon me on Tuesday, and we conversed for an hour....
+He appears very anxious that 'Marmion' should be published by the
+King's birthday.... He said he wished it to be ready by that time for
+very particular reasons; and yet he allows that the poem is not
+completed, and that he is yet undetermined if he shall make his hero
+happy or otherwise."
+
+The other important event, to which allusion has been made, was the
+transfer to Mr. Murray of part of the London agency for the _Edinburgh
+Review_. At the beginning of 1806 Murray sold 1,000 copies of the
+_Review_ on the day of its publication, and the circulation was steadily
+increasing. Constable proposed to transfer the entire London publication
+to Murray, but the Longmans protested, under the terms of their existing
+agreement. In April 1807 they employed as their attorney Mr. Sharon
+Turner, one of Murray's staunchest allies. Turner informed him, through
+a common friend, of his having been retained by the Longmans; but Murray
+said he could not in any way "feel hurt at so proper and indispensable a
+pursuit of his profession." The opinion of counsel was in favour of the
+Messrs. Longman's contention, and of their "undisputable rights to
+one-half of the _Edinburgh Review_ so long as it continues to be
+published under that title."
+
+Longman & Co. accordingly obtained an injunction to prevent the
+publication of the _Edinburgh Review_ by any other publisher in London
+without their express consent.
+
+Matters were brought to a crisis by the following letter, written by the
+editor, Mr. Francis Jeffrey, to Messrs. Constable & Co.:
+
+_June 1_, 1807.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+I believe you understand already that neither I nor any of the original
+and regular writers in the _Review_ will ever contribute a syllable to a
+work belonging to booksellers. It is proper, however, to announce this
+to you distinctly, that you may have no fear of hardship or
+disappointment in the event of Mr. Longman succeeding in his claim to
+the property of this work. If that claim be not speedily rejected or
+abandoned, it is our fixed resolution to withdraw entirely from the
+_Edinburgh Review_; to publish to all the world that the conductor and
+writers of the former numbers have no sort of connection with those that
+may afterwards appear; and probably to give notice of our intention to
+establish a new work of a similar nature under a different title.
+
+I have the honour to be, gentlemen,
+
+Your very obedient servant,
+
+F. JEFFREY.
+
+A copy of this letter was at once forwarded to Messrs. Longman.
+Constable, in his communication accompanying it, assured the publishers
+that, in the event of the editor and contributors to the _Edinburgh
+Review_ withdrawing from the publication and establishing a new
+periodical, the existing _Review_ would soon be of no value either to
+proprietors or publishers, and requested to be informed whether they
+would not be disposed to transfer their interest in the property, and,
+if so, on what considerations. Constable added: "We are apprehensive
+that the editors will not postpone for many days longer that public
+notification of their secession, which we cannot help anticipating as
+the death-blow of the publication."
+
+Jeffrey's decision seems to have settled the matter. Messrs. Longman
+agreed to accept £1,000 for their claim of property in the title and
+future publication of the _Edinburgh Review_. The injunction was
+removed, and the London publication of the _Review_ was forthwith
+transferred to John Murray, 32, Fleet Street, under whose auspices No.
+22 accordingly appeared.
+
+Thus far all had gone on smoothly. But a little cloud, at first no
+bigger than a man's hand, made its appearance, and it grew and grew
+until it threw a dark shadow over the friendship of Constable and
+Murray, and eventually led to their complete separation. This was the
+system of persistent drawing of accommodation bills, renewals of bills,
+and promissory notes. Constable began to draw heavily upon Murray in
+April 1807, and the promissory notes went on accumulating until they
+constituted a mighty mass of paper money. Murray's banker cautioned him
+against the practice. But repeated expostulation was of no use against
+the impetuous needs of Constable & Co. Only two months after the
+transfer of the publication of the _Review_ to Mr. Murray, we find him
+writing to "Dear Constable" as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Archd. Constable_.
+
+_October 1, 1807_.
+
+"I should not have allowed myself time to write to you to-day, were not
+the occasion very urgent. Your people have so often of late omitted to
+give you timely notice of the day when my acceptances fell due, that I
+have suffered an inconvenience too great for me to have expressed to
+you, had it not occurred so often that it is impossible for me to
+undergo the anxiety which it occasions. A bill of yours for £200 was due
+yesterday, and I have been obliged to supply the means for paying it,
+without any notice for preparation.... I beg of you to insist upon this
+being regulated, as I am sure you must desire it to be, so that I may
+receive the cash for your bills two days at least before they are due."
+
+Mr. Murray then gives a list of debts of his own (including some of
+Constable's) amounting to £1,073, which he has to pay in the following
+week. From a cash account made out by Mr. Murray on October 3, it
+appears that the bill transactions with Constable had become enormous;
+they amounted to not less than £10,000.
+
+The correspondence continued in the same strain, and it soon became
+evident that this state of things could not be allowed to continue.
+Reconciliations took place from time to time, but interruptions again
+occurred, mostly arising from the same source--a perpetual flood of
+bills and promissory notes, from one side and the other--until Murray
+found it necessary to put an end to it peremptorily. Towards the end of
+1808 Messrs. Constable established at No. 10 Ludgate Street a London
+house for the sale of the _Edinburgh Review_, and the other works in
+which they were concerned, under the title of Constable, Hunter, Park &
+Hunter. This, doubtless, tended to widen the breach between Constable
+and Murray, though it left the latter free to enter into arrangements
+for establishing a Review of his own, an object which he had already
+contemplated.
+
+There were many books in which the two houses had a joint interest, and,
+therefore, their relations could not be altogether discontinued.
+"Marmion" was coming out in successive editions; but the correspondence
+between the publishers grew cooler and cooler, and Constable had
+constant need to delay payments and renew bills.
+
+Mr. Murray had also considerable bill transactions with Ballantyne & Co.
+of Edinburgh. James and John Ballantyne had been schoolfellows of Walter
+Scott at Kelso, and the acquaintance there formed was afterwards
+renewed. James Ballantyne established the _Kelso Mail_ in 1796, but at
+the recommendation of Scott, for whom he had printed a collection of
+ballads, he removed to Edinburgh in 1802. There he printed the "Border
+Minstrelsy," for Scott, who assisted him with money. Ballantyne was in
+frequent and intimate correspondence with Murray from the year 1806, and
+had printed for him Hogg's "Ettrick Shepherd," and other works.
+
+It was at this time that Scott committed the great error of his life.
+His professional income was about £1,000 a year, and with the profits of
+his works he might have built Abbotsford and lived in comfort and
+luxury. But in 1805 he sacrificed everything by entering into
+partnership with James Ballantyne, and embarking in his printing concern
+almost the whole of the capital which he possessed. He was bound to the
+firm for twenty years, and during that time he produced his greatest
+works. It is true that but for the difficulties in which he was latterly
+immersed, we might never have known the noble courage with which he met
+and rose superior to misfortune.
+
+In 1808 a scheme of great magnitude was under contemplation by Murray
+and the Ballantynes. It was a uniform edition of the "British
+Novelists," beginning with De Foe, and ending with the novelists at the
+close of last century; with biographical prefaces and illustrative notes
+by Walter Scott. A list of the novels, written in the hand of John
+Murray, includes thirty-six British, besides eighteen foreign authors.
+The collection could not have been completed in less than two hundred
+volumes. The scheme, if it did not originate with Walter Scott, had at
+least his cordial support.
+
+Mr. Murray not unreasonably feared the cost of carrying such an
+undertaking to completion. It could not have amounted to less than
+twenty thousand pounds. Yet the Ballantynes urged him on. They furnished
+statements of the cost of printing and paper for each volume. "It really
+strikes me," said James Ballantyne, "the more I think of and examine it,
+to be the happiest speculation that has ever been thought of."
+
+This undertaking eventually fell through. Only the works of De Foe were
+printed by the Messrs. Ballantyne, and published by Mr. Murray. The
+attention of the latter became absorbed by a subject of much greater
+importance to him--the establishment of the _Quarterly Review_. This for
+a time threw most of his other schemes into the shade.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+ORIGIN OF THE "QUARTERLY REVIEW"
+
+
+The publication of a Tory Review was not the result of a sudden
+inspiration. The scheme had long been pondered over. Mr. Canning had
+impressed upon Mr. Pitt the importance of securing the newspaper press,
+then almost entirely Whiggish or Revolutionary, on the side of his
+administration. To combat, in some measure, the democratic principles
+then in full swing, Mr. Canning, with others, started, in November 1797,
+the _Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner_.
+
+The _Anti-Jacobin_ ceased to be published in 1798, when Canning, having
+been appointed Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, found his
+time fully occupied by the business of his department, as well as by his
+parliamentary duties, and could no longer take part in that clever
+publication.
+
+Four years later, in October 1802, the first number of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ was published. It appeared at the right time, and, as the first
+quarterly organ of the higher criticism, evidently hit the mark at which
+it aimed. It was conducted by some of the cleverest literary young men
+in Edinburgh--Jeffrey, Brougham, Sydney Smith, Francis Horner, Dr.
+Thomas Brown, and others. Though Walter Scott was not a founder of the
+_Review_, he was a frequent contributor.
+
+In its early days the criticism was rude, and wanting in delicate
+insight; for the most part too dictatorial, and often unfair. Thus
+Jeffrey could never appreciate the merits of Wordsworth, Southey, and
+Coleridge. "This will never do!" was the commencement of his review of
+Wordsworth's noblest poem. Jeffrey boasted that he had "crushed the
+'Excursion.'" "He might as well say," observed Southey, "that he could
+crush Skiddaw." Ignorance also seems to have pervaded the article
+written by Brougham, in the second number of the _Edinburgh_, on Dr.
+Thomas Young's discovery of the true principles of interferences in the
+undulatory theory of light. Sir John Herschell, a more competent
+authority, said of Young's discovery, that it was sufficient of itself
+to have placed its author in the highest rank of scientific immortality.
+
+The situation seemed to Mr. Murray to warrant the following letter:
+
+_John Murray to the Right Hon. George Canning_.
+
+_September 25, 1807._
+
+Sir,
+
+I venture to address you upon a subject that is not, perhaps,
+undeserving of one moment of your attention. There is a work entitled
+the _Edinburgh Review_, written with such unquestionable talent that it
+has already attained an extent of circulation not equalled by any
+similar publication. The principles of this work are, however, so
+radically bad that I have been led to consider the effect that such
+sentiments, so generally diffused, are likely to produce, and to think
+that some means equally popular ought to be adopted to counteract their
+dangerous tendency. But the publication in question is conducted with so
+much ability, and is sanctioned with such high and decisive authority by
+the party of whose opinions it is the organ, that there is little hope
+of producing against it any effectual opposition, unless it arise from
+you, Sir, and your friends. Should you, Sir, think the idea worthy of
+encouragement, I should, with equal pride and willingness, engage my
+arduous exertions to promote its success; but as my object is nothing
+short of producing a work of the greatest talent and importance, I shall
+entertain it no longer if it be not so fortunate as to obtain the high
+patronage which I have thus taken the liberty to solicit.
+
+Permit me, Sir, to add that the person who addresses you is no
+adventurer, but a man of some property, and inheriting a business that
+has been established for nearly a century. I therefore trust that my
+application will be attributed to its proper motives, and that your
+goodness will at least pardon its obtrusion.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir, Your must humble and obedient Servant,
+
+John Murray.
+
+So far as can be ascertained, Mr. Canning did not answer this letter in
+writing. But a communication was shortly after opened with him through
+Mr. Stratford Canning, whose acquaintance Mr. Murray had made through
+the publication of the "Miniature," referred to in a preceding chapter.
+Mr. Canning was still acting as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
+and was necessarily cautious, but Mr. Stratford Canning, his cousin, was
+not bound by any such official restraints. In January 1808 he introduced
+Mr. Gifford to Mr. Murray, and the starting of the proposed new
+periodical was the subject of many consultations between them.
+
+Walter Scott still continued to write for the _Edinburgh_,
+notwithstanding the differences of opinion which existed between himself
+and the editor as to political questions. He was rather proud of the
+_Review_, inasmuch as it was an outgrowth of Scottish literature. Scott
+even endeavoured to enlist new contributors, for the purpose of
+strengthening the _Review_. He wrote to Robert Southey in 1807, inviting
+him to contribute to the _Edinburgh_. The honorarium was to be ten
+guineas per sheet of sixteen pages. This was a very tempting invitation
+to Southey, as he was by no means rich at the time, and the pay was more
+than he received for his contributions to the _Annual Register_, but he
+replied to Scott as follows:
+
+_Mr. Southey to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_December, 1807_.
+
+"I have scarcely one opinion in common with it [the _Edinburgh Review_]
+upon any subject.... Whatever of any merit I might insert there would
+aid and abet opinions hostile to my own, and thus identify me with a
+system which I thoroughly disapprove. This is not said hastily. The
+emolument to be derived from writing at ten guineas a sheet, Scotch
+measure, instead of seven pounds for the _Annual_, would be
+considerable; the pecuniary advantage resulting from the different
+manner in which my future works would be handled [by the _Review_]
+probably still more so. But my moral feelings must not be compromised.
+To Jeffrey as an individual I shall ever be ready to show every kind of
+individual courtesy; but of Judge Jeffrey of the _Edinburgh Review_ I
+must ever think and speak as of a bad politician, a worse moralist, and
+a critic, in matters of taste, equally incompetent and unjust."
+[Footnote: "The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey," iii. pp.
+124-5.] Walter Scott, before long, was led to entertain the same opinion
+of the _Edinburgh Review_ as Southey. A severe and unjust review of
+"Marmion," by Jeffrey, appeared in 1808, accusing Scott of a mercenary
+spirit in writing for money (though Jeffrey himself was writing for
+money in the same article), and further irritating Scott by asserting
+that he "had neglected Scottish feelings and Scottish characters."
+"Constable," writes Scott to his brother Thomas, in November 1808, "or
+rather that Bear, his partner [Mr. Hunter], has behaved by me of late
+not very civilly, and I owe Jeffrey a flap with a foxtail on account of
+his review of 'Marmion,' and thus doth the whirligig of time bring about
+my revenges."
+
+Murray, too, was greatly annoyed by the review of "Marmion." "Scott," he
+used to say, "may forgive but he can never forget this treatment"; and,
+to quote the words of Mr. Lockhart: "When he read the article on
+'Marmion,' and another on foreign politics, in the same number of the
+_Edinburgh Review_, Murray said to himself, 'Walter Scott has feelings,
+both as a gentleman and a Tory, which these people must now have
+wounded; the alliance between him and the whole clique of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ is now shaken'"; and, as far at least as the political part of
+the affair was concerned, John Murray's sagacity was not at fault.
+
+Mr. Murray at once took advantage of this opening to draw closer the
+bonds between himself and Ballantyne, for he well knew who was the
+leading spirit in the firm, and showed himself desirous of obtaining the
+London agency of the publishing business, which, as he rightly
+discerned, would soon be started in connection with the Canongate Press,
+and in opposition to Constable. The large increase of work which Murray
+was prepared to place in the hands of the printers induced Ballantyne to
+invite him to come as far as Ferrybridge in Yorkshire for a personal
+conference. At this interview various new projects were discussed--among
+them the proposed Novelists' Library--and from the information which he
+then obtained as to Scott's personal feelings and literary projects,
+Murray considered himself justified in at once proceeding to Ashestiel,
+in order to lay before Scott himself, in a personal interview, his great
+scheme for the new Review. He arrived there about the middle of October
+1808, and was hospitably welcomed and entertained. He stated his plans,
+mentioned the proposed editor of the Review, the probable contributors,
+and earnestly invited the assistance of Scott himself.
+
+During Murray's visit to Ashestiel No. 26 of the _Edinburgh Review_
+arrived. It contained an article entitled "Don Cevallos on the
+Occupation of Spain." It was long supposed that the article was written
+by Brougham, but it has since been ascertained that Jeffrey himself was
+the author of it. This article gave great offence to the friends of
+rational liberty and limited monarchy in this country. Scott forthwith
+wrote to Constable: "The _Edinburgh Review had_ become such as to render
+it impossible for me to become a contributor to it; _now_ it is such as
+I can no longer continue to receive or read it."
+
+"The list of the then subscribers," said Mr. Cadell to Mr. Lockhart,
+"exhibits, in an indignant dash of Constable's pen opposite Mr. Scott's
+name, the word 'STOPT!'"
+
+Mr. Murray never forgot his visit to Ashestiel. Scott was kindness
+itself; Mrs. Scott was equally cordial and hospitable. Richard Heber was
+there at the time, and the three went out daily to explore the scenery
+of the neighbourhood. They visited Melrose Abbey, the Tweed, and
+Dryburgh Abbey, not very remote from Melrose, where Scott was himself to
+lie; they ascended the Eildon Hills, Scott on his sheltie often stopping
+by the way to point out to Murray and Heber, who were on foot, some
+broad meadow or heather-clad ground, as a spot where some legend held
+its seat, or some notable deed had been achieved during the wars of the
+Borders. Scott thus converted the barren hillside into a region of
+interest and delight. From the top of the Eildons he pointed out the
+scene of some twenty battles.
+
+Very soon after his return to London, Murray addressed the following
+letter to Mr. Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_October_ 26, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Although the pressure of business since my return to London has
+prevented me writing to you sooner, yet my thoughts have, I assure you,
+been almost completely employed upon the important subjects of the
+conversation with which you honoured me during the time I was
+experiencing the obliging hospitality of Mrs. Scott and yourself at
+Ashestiel.
+
+Then, after a reference to the Novelists' Library mentioned in the last
+chapter, the letter continues:
+
+"I have seen Mr. William Gifford, hinting distantly at a Review; he
+admitted the most imperious necessity for one, and that too in a way
+that leads me to think that he has had very important communications
+upon the subject.... I feel more than ever confident that the higher
+powers are exceedingly desirous for the establishment of some
+counteracting publication; and it will, I suspect, remain only for your
+appearance in London to urge some very formidable plan into activity."
+
+This letter was crossed in transit by the following:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ASHESTIEL, BY SELKIRK, _October_ 30, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+"Since I had the pleasure of seeing you I have the satisfaction to find
+that Mr. Gifford has accepted the task of editing the intended Review.
+This was communicated to me by the Lord Advocate, who at the same time
+requested me to write Mr. Gifford on the subject. I have done so at
+great length, pointing out whatever occurred to me on the facilities or
+difficulties of the work in general, as well as on the editorial
+department, offering at the same time all the assistance in my power to
+set matters upon a good footing and to keep them so. I presume he will
+have my letter by the time this reaches you, and that he will
+communicate with you fully upon the details. I am as certain as of my
+existence that the plan will answer, provided sufficient attention is
+used in procuring and selecting articles of merit."
+
+What Scott thought of Murray's visit to Ashestiel may be inferred from
+his letter to his political confidant, George Ellis, of which, as it has
+already appeared in Scott's Life, it is only necessary to give extracts
+here:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. George Ellis_.
+
+_November_ 2, 1808.
+
+DEAR ELLIS,
+
+"We had, equally to our joy and surprise, a flying visit from Heber
+about three weeks ago. He staid but three days, but, between old stories
+and new, we made them very merry in their passage. During his stay, John
+Murray, the bookseller in Fleet Street, who has more real knowledge of
+what concerns his business than any of his brethren--at least, than any
+of them that I know--came to canvass a most important plan, of which I
+am now, in "dern privacie," to give you the outline. I had most strongly
+recommended to our Lord Advocate (the Right Hon. J.C. Colquhoun) to
+think of some counter measures against the _Edinburgh Review_. which,
+politically speaking, is doing incalculable damage. I do not mean this
+in a party way; the present ministry are not all I could wish them, for
+(Canning excepted) I doubt there is among them too much
+_self-seeking...._ But their political principles are sound English
+principles, and, compared to the greedy and inefficient horde which
+preceded them, they are angels of light and purity. It is obvious,
+however, that they want defenders, both in and out of doors. Pitt's
+
+  "Love and fear glued many friends to him;
+  And now he's fallen, those tough co-mixtures melt."
+
+Then, after a reference to the large circulation (9,000) and mischievous
+politics of the _Edinburgh Review_, he proceeds:
+
+"Now, I think there is balm in Gilead for all this, and that the cure
+lies in instituting such a Review in London as should be conducted
+totally independent of bookselling influence, on a plan as liberal as
+that of the _Edinburgh_, its literature as well supported, and its
+principles English and constitutional. Accordingly, I have been given to
+understand that Mr. William Gifford is willing to become the conductor
+of such a work, and I have written to him, at the Lord Advocate's
+desire, a very voluminous letter on the subject. Now, should this plan
+succeed, you must hang your birding-piece on its hook, take down your
+old Anti-Jacobin armour, and "remember your swashing blow." It is not
+that I think this projected Review ought to be exclusively or
+principally political; this would, in my opinion, absolutely counteract
+its purpose, which I think should be to offer to those who love their
+country, and to those whom we would wish to love it, a periodical work
+of criticism conducted with equal talent, but upon sounder principles.
+Is not this very possible? In point of learning, you Englishmen have ten
+times our scholarship; and, as for talent and genius, "Are not Abana and
+Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than any of the rivers in Israel?"
+Have we not yourself and your cousin, the Roses, Malthus, Matthias,
+Gifford, Heber, and his brother? Can I not procure you a score of
+blue-caps who would rather write for us than for the _Edinburgh Review_
+if they got as much pay by it? "A good plot, good friends, and full of
+expectation--an excellent plot, very good friends!"
+
+Heber's fear was lest we should fail in procuring regular steady
+contributors; but I know so much of the interior discipline of reviewing
+as to have no apprehension of that. Provided we are once set a-going by
+a few dashing numbers, there would be no fear of enlisting regular
+contributors; but the amateurs must bestir themselves in the first
+instance. From the Government we should be entitled to expect
+confidential communications as to points of fact (so far as fit to be
+made public) in our political disquisitions. With this advantage, our
+good cause and St. George to boot, we may at least divide the field with
+our formidable competitors, who, after all, are much better at cutting
+than parrying, and whose uninterrupted triumph has as much unfitted them
+for resisting a serious attack as it has done Buonaparte for the Spanish
+war. Jeffrey is, to be sure, a man of the most uncommon versatility of
+talent, but what then?
+
+
+"General Howe is a gallant commander,
+There are others as gallant as he."
+
+
+Think of all this, and let me hear from you very soon on the subject.
+Canning is, I have good reason to know, very anxious about the plan. I
+mentioned it to Robert Dundas, who was here with his lady for a few days
+on a pilgrimage to Melrose, and he highly approved of it. Though no
+literary man, he is judicious, _clair-voyant_, and uncommonly
+sound-headed, like his father, Lord Melville. With the exceptions I have
+mentioned, the thing continues a secret....
+
+Ever yours,
+
+Walter Scott."
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 2, 1808.
+
+I transmitted my letter to Mr. Gifford through the Lord Advocate, and
+left it open that Mr. Canning might read it if he thought it worth
+while. I have a letter from the Advocate highly approving my views, so I
+suppose you will very soon hear from Mr. Gifford specifically on the
+subject. It is a matter of immense consequence that something shall be
+set about, and that without delay....
+
+The points on which I chiefly insisted with Mr. Gifford were that the
+Review should be independent both as to bookselling and ministerial
+influences--meaning that we were not to be advocates of party through
+thick and thin, but to maintain constitutional principles. Moreover, I
+stated as essential that the literary part of the work should be as
+sedulously attended to as the political, because it is by means of that
+alone that the work can acquire any firm and extended reputation.
+
+Moreover yet, I submitted that each contributor should draw money for
+his article, be his rank what it may. This general rule has been of
+great use to the _Edinburgh Review_. Of terms I said nothing, except
+that your views on the subject seemed to me highly liberal. I do not add
+further particulars because I dare say Mr. Gifford will show you the
+letter, which is a very long one. Believe me, my dear Sir, with sincere
+regard,
+
+Your faithful, humble Servant,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+
+In a subsequent letter to Mr. Ellis, Scott again indicates what he
+considers should be the proper management of the proposed Review.
+
+"Let me touch," he says, "a string of much delicacy--the political
+character of the Review. It appears to me that this should be of a
+liberal and enlarged nature, resting upon principles--indulgent and
+conciliatory as far as possible upon mere party questions, but stern in
+detecting and exposing all attempts to sap our constitutional fabric.
+Religion is another slippery station; here also I would endeavour to be
+as impartial as the subject will admit of.... The truth is, there is
+policy, as well as morality, in keeping our swords clear as well as
+sharp, and not forgetting the Gentleman in the Critic. The public
+appetite is soon gorged with any particular style. The common Reviews,
+before the appearance of the _Edinburgh_, had become extremely mawkish;
+and, unless when prompted by the malice of the bookseller or reviewer,
+gave a dawdling, maudlin sort of applause to everything that reached
+even mediocrity. The _Edinburgh_ folks squeezed into their sauce plenty
+of acid, and were popular from novelty as well as from merit. The minor
+Reviews, and other periodical publications, have _outréd_ the matter
+still further, and given us all abuse and no talent.... This, therefore,
+we have to trust to, that decent, lively, and reflecting criticism,
+teaching men not to abuse books, but to read and to judge them, will
+have the effect of novelty upon a public wearied with universal efforts
+at blackguard and indiscriminating satire. I have a long and very
+sensible letter [Footnote: Given below, under date November 15, 1808.]
+from John Murray, the bookseller, in which he touches upon this point
+very neatly."
+
+Scott was most assiduous in his preparations for the first number. He
+wrote to his brother, Thomas Scott, asking him to contribute an article;
+to Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, of Christ Church, Oxford; to Mr. Morritt,
+of Rokeby Park, Yorkshire; and to Robert Southey, of Keswick, asking
+them for contributions. To Mr. Sharpe he says:
+
+"The Hebers are engaged, item Rogers, Southey, Moore (Anacreon), and
+others whose reputations Jeffrey has murdered, and who are rising to cry
+woe upon him, like the ghosts in 'King Richard.'"
+
+Scott's letter to Gilford, the intended editor, was full of excellent
+advice. It was dated "Edinburgh, October 25, 1808." We quote from it
+several important passages:
+
+"John Murray, of Fleet Street," says Scott, "a young bookseller of
+capital and enterprise, and with more good sense and propriety of
+sentiment than fall to the share of most of the trade, made me a visit
+at Ashestiel a few weeks ago; and as I found he had had some
+communication with you upon the subject, I did not hesitate to
+communicate my sentiments to him on this and some other points of the
+plan, and I thought his ideas were most liberal and satisfactory.
+
+"The office of Editor is of such importance, that had you not been
+pleased to undertake it, I fear the plan would have fallen wholly to the
+ground. The full power of control must, of course, be vested in the
+editor for selecting, curtailing, and correcting the contributions to
+the Review. But this is not all; for, as he is the person immediately
+responsible to the bookseller that the work (amounting to a certain
+number of pages, more or less) shall be before the public at a certain
+time, it will be the editor's duty to consider in due turn the articles
+of which each number ought to consist, and to take measures for
+procuring them from the persons best qualified to write upon such and
+such subjects. But this is sometimes so troublesome, that I foresee with
+pleasure you will soon be obliged to abandon your resolution of writing
+nothing yourself. At the same time, if you will accept of my services as
+a sort of jackal or lion's provider, I will do all in my power to assist
+in this troublesome department of editorial duty.
+
+"But there is still something behind, and that of the last consequence.
+One great resource to which the _Edinburgh_ editor turns himself, and by
+which he gives popularity even to the duller articles of his _Review_,
+is accepting contributions from persons of inferior powers of writing,
+provided they understand the books to which their criticisms relate; and
+as such are often of stupefying mediocrity, he renders them palatable by
+throwing in a handful of spice, namely, any lively paragraph or
+entertaining illustration that occurs to him in reading them over. By
+this sort of veneering he converts, without loss of time or hindrance to
+business, articles, which in their original state might hang in the
+market, into such goods as are not likely to disgrace those among which
+they are placed. This seems to be a point in which an editor's
+assistance is of the last consequence, for those who possess the
+knowledge necessary to review books of research or abstruse
+disquisitions, are very often unable to put the criticisms into a
+readable, much more a pleasant and captivating form; and as their
+science cannot be attained 'for the nonce,' the only remedy is to supply
+their deficiencies, and give their lucubrations a more popular turn.
+
+"There is one opportunity possessed by you in a particular degree--that
+of access to the best sources of political information. It would not,
+certainly, be advisable that the work should assume, especially at the
+outset, a professed political character. On the contrary, the articles
+on science and miscellaneous literature ought to be of such a quality as
+might fairly challenge competition with the best of our contemporaries.
+But as the real reason of instituting the publication is the disgusting
+and deleterious doctrine with which the most popular of our Reviews
+disgraces its pages, it is essential to consider how this warfare should
+be managed. On this ground, I hope it is not too much to expect from
+those who have the power of assisting us, that they should on topics of
+great national interest furnish the reviewers, through the medium of
+their editor, with accurate views of points of fact, so far as they are
+fit to be made public. This is the most delicate and yet most essential
+part of our scheme.
+
+"On the one hand, it is certainly not to be understood that we are to be
+held down to advocate upon all occasions the cause of administration.
+Such a dereliction of independence would render us entirely useless for
+the purpose we mean to serve. On the other hand, nothing will render the
+work more interesting than the public learning, not from any vaunt of
+ours, but from their own observation, that we have access to early and
+accurate information on points of fact. The _Edinburgh Review_ has
+profited much by the pains which the Opposition party have taken to
+possess the writers of all the information they could give them on
+public matters. Let me repeat that you, my dear sir, from enjoying the
+confidence of Mr. Canning, and other persons in power, may easily obtain
+the confidential information necessary to give credit to the work, and
+communicate it to such as you may think proper to employ in laying it
+before the public."
+
+Mr. Scott further proceeded, in his letter to Mr. Gifford, to discuss
+the mode and time of publication, the choice of subjects, the persons to
+be employed as contributors, and the name of the proposed Review, thus
+thoroughly identifying himself with it.
+
+"Let our forces," he said, "for a number or two, consist of volunteers
+or amateurs, and when we have acquired some reputation, we shall soon
+levy and discipline our forces of the line. After all, the matter is
+become very serious--eight or nine thousand copies of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ are regularly distributed, merely because there is no other
+respectable and independent publication of the kind. In this city
+(Edinburgh), where there is not one Whig out of twenty men who read the
+work, many hundreds are sold; and how long the generality of readers
+will continue to dislike politics, so artfully mingled with information
+and amusement, is worthy of deep consideration. But it is not yet too
+late to stand in the breach; the first number ought, if possible, to be
+out in January, and if it can burst among them like a bomb, without
+previous notice, the effect will be more striking.
+
+"Of those who might be intrusted in the first instance you are a much
+better judge than I am. I think I can command the assistance of a friend
+or two here, particularly William Erskine, the Lord Advocate's
+brother-in-law and my most intimate friend. In London, you have Malthus,
+George Ellis, the Roses, _cum pluribus aliis_. Richard Heber was with me
+when Murray came to my farm, and, knowing his zeal for the good cause, I
+let him into our counsels. In Mr. Frere we have the hopes of a potent
+ally. The Rev. Reginald Heber would be an excellent coadjutor, and when
+I come to town I will sound Matthias. As strict secrecy would of course
+be observed, the diffidence of many might be overcome. For scholars you
+can be at no loss while Oxford stands where it did; and I think there
+will be no deficiency in the scientific articles."
+
+Thus instructed, Gifford proceeded to rally his forces. There was no
+want of contributors. Some came invited, some came unsought; but, as the
+matter was still a secret, the editor endeavoured to secure
+contributions through his personal friends. For instance, he called upon
+Mr. Rogers to request him to secure the help of Moore.
+
+"I must confess," said Rogers to Moore, "I heard of the new quarterly
+with pleasure, as I thought it might correct an evil we had long
+lamented together. Gifford wishes much for contributors, and is
+exceedingly anxious that you should assist him as often as you can
+afford time.... All this in _confidence_ of course, as the secret is not
+my own."
+
+Gifford also endeavoured to secure the assistance of Southey, through
+his friend, Mr. Grosvenor Bedford. Southey was requested to write for
+the first number an article on the Affairs of Spain. This, however, he
+declined to do; but promised to send an article on the subject of
+Missionaries.
+
+"Let not Gifford," he wrote to Bedford, in reply to his letter, "suppose
+me a troublesome man to deal with, pertinacious about trifles, or
+standing upon punctilios of authorship. No, Grosvenor, I am a quiet,
+patient, easy-going hack of the mule breed; regular as clockwork in my
+pace, sure-footed, bearing the burden which is laid on me, and only
+obstinate in choosing my own path. If Gifford could see me by this
+fireside, where, like Nicodemus, one candle suffices me in a large room,
+he would see a man in a coat 'still more threadbare than his own' when
+he wrote his 'Imitation,' working hard and getting little--a bare
+maintenance, and hardly that; writing poems and history for posterity
+with his whole heart and soul; one daily progressive in learning, not so
+learned as he is poor, not so poor as proud, not so proud as happy."
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 28, 1808.
+
+"Well, you have of course heard from Mr. Scott of the progress of the
+'Great Plan.' Canning bites at the hook eagerly. A review termed by Mr.
+Jeffrey _a tickler_, is to appear of Dryden in this No. of the
+_Edinburgh_. By the Lord! they will rue it. You know Scott's present
+feelings, excited by the review of 'Marmion.' What will they be when
+that of Dryden appears?"
+
+It was some time, however, before arrangements could be finally made for
+bringing out the first number of the _Quarterly_. Scott could not as yet
+pay his intended visit to London, and after waiting for about a month,
+Murray sent him the following letter, giving his further opinion as to
+the scope and object of the proposed Review:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November_ 15, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been desirous of writing to you for nearly a week past, as I
+never felt more the want of a personal conversation. I will endeavour,
+however, to explain myself to you, and will rely on your confidence and
+indulgence for secrecy and attention in what I have to communicate. I
+have before told you that the idea of a new Review has been revolving in
+my mind for nearly two years, and that more than twelve months ago I
+addressed Mr. Canning on the subject. The propriety, if not the
+necessity, of establishing a journal upon principles opposite to those
+of the _Edinburgh Review_ has occurred to many men more enlightened than
+myself; and I believe the same reason has prevented others, as it has
+done myself, from attempting it, namely, the immense difficulty of
+obtaining talent of sufficient magnitude to render success even
+_doubtful_.
+
+By degrees my plan has gradually floated up to this height. But there
+exists at least an equal difficulty yet--that peculiar talent in an
+editor of rendering our other great resources advantageous to the best
+possible degree. This, I think, may be accomplished, but it must be
+effected by your arduous assistance, at least for a little time. Our
+friend Mr. Gifford, whose writings show him to be both a man of learning
+and wit, has lived too little in the world lately to have obtained that
+delicacy and tact whereby he can feel at one instant, and habitually,
+whatever may gratify public desire and excite public attention and
+curiosity. But this you know to be a leading feature in the talents of
+Mr. Jeffrey and his friends; and that, without the most happy choice of
+subjects, as well as the ability to treat them well--catching the
+"manners living as they rise"--the _Edinburgh Review_ could not have
+attained the success it has done; and no other Review, however
+preponderating in solid merit, will obtain sufficient attention without
+them. Entering the field too, as we shall do, against an army commanded
+by the most skilful generals, it will not do for us to leave any of our
+best officers behind as a reserve, for they would be of no use if we
+were defeated at first. We must enter with our most able commanders at
+once, and we shall then acquire confidence, if not reputation, and
+increase in numbers as we proceed.
+
+Our first number must contain the most valuable and striking information
+in politics, and the most interesting articles of general literature and
+science, written by our most able friends. If our plan appears to be so
+advantageous to the ministers whose measures, to a certain extent, we
+intend to justify, to support, to recommend and assist, that they have
+promised their support; when might that support be so advantageously
+given, either for their own interests or ours, as at the commencement,
+when we are most weak, and have the most arduous onset to make, and when
+we do and must stand most in need of help? If our first number be not
+written with the greatest ability, upon the most interesting topics, it
+will not excite public attention. No man, even the friend of the
+principles we adopt, will leave the sprightly pages of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ to read a dull detail of staid morality, or dissertations on
+subjects whose interest has long fled.
+
+I do not say this from any, even the smallest doubt, of our having all
+that we desire in these respects in our power; but because I am
+apprehensive that without your assistance it will not be drawn into
+action, and my reason for this fear I will thus submit to you. You
+mentioned in your letter to Mr. Gifford, that our Review should open
+with a grand article on Spain--meaning a display of the political
+feeling of the people, and the probable results of this important
+contest. I suggested to Mr. Gifford that Mr. Frere should be written to,
+which he said was easy, and that he thought he would do it; for Frere
+could not only give the facts upon the subject, but could write them
+better than any other person. But having, in my project, given the name
+of Southey as a person who might assist occasionally in a number or two
+hence, I found at our next interview that Mr. Gifford, who does not know
+Mr. Southey, had spoken to a friend to ask Mr. S. to write the article
+upon Spain. It is true that Mr. Southey knows a great deal about Spain,
+and on another occasion would have given a good article upon the
+subject; but at present _his_ is not the kind of knowledge which we
+want, and it is, moreover, trusting our secret to a stranger, who has,
+by the way, a directly opposite bias in politics.
+
+Mr. Gifford also told me, with very great stress, that among the
+articles he had submitted to you was [one on] Hodgson's Translation of
+Juvenal, which at no time could be a very interesting article for us,
+and having been published more than six months ago, would probably be a
+very stupid one. Then, you must observe, that it would necessarily
+involve a comparison with Mr. Gifford's own translation, which must of
+course be praised, and thus show an _individual_ feeling--the least
+spark of which, in our early numbers, would both betray and ruin us. He
+talks of reviewing _himself_ a late translation of "Persius," for
+(_entre nous_) a similar reason. He has himself nearly completed a
+translation, which will be published in a few months.
+
+In what I have said upon this most exceedingly delicate point, and which
+I again submit to your most honourable confidence, I have no other
+object but just to show you without reserve how we stand, and to
+exemplify what I set out with--that without skilful and judicious
+management we shall totally mistake the road to the accomplishment of
+the arduous task which we have undertaken, and involve the cause and
+every individual in not merely defeat, but disgrace. I must at the same
+time observe that Mr. Gifford is the most obliging and well-meaning man
+alive, and that he is perfectly ready to be instructed in those points
+of which his seclusion renders him ignorant; and all that I wish and
+mean is, that we should strive to open clearly the view which is so
+obvious to us--that our first number must be a most brilliant one in
+every respect; and to effect this, we must avail ourselves of any
+valuable political information we can command. Those persons who have
+the most interest in supporting the Review must be called upon
+immediately for their strenuous personal help. The fact must be obvious
+to you,--that if Mr. Canning, Mr. Frere, Mr. Scott, Mr. Ellis, and Mr.
+Gifford, with their immediate and true friends, will exert themselves
+heartily in every respect, so as to produce with secrecy only _one_
+remarkably attractive number, their further labour would be
+comparatively light. With such a number in our hands, we might select
+and obtain every other help that we required; and then the persons named
+would only be called upon for their information, facts, hints, advice,
+and occasional articles. But without this--without producing a number
+that shall at least equal, if not excel, the best of the _Edinburgh
+Review_, it were better not to be attempted. We should do more harm to
+our cause by an unsuccessful attempt; and the reputation of the
+_Edinburgh Review_ would be increased inversely to our fruitless
+opposition.... With respect to bookselling interference with the Review,
+I am equally convinced with yourself of its total incompatibility with a
+really respectable and valuable critical journal. I assure you that
+nothing can be more distant from my views, which are confined to the
+ardour which I feel for the cause and principles which it will be our
+object to support, and the honour of professional reputation which would
+obviously result to the publisher of so important a work. It were silly
+to suppress that I shall not be sorry to derive from it as much profit
+as I can satisfactorily enjoy, consistent with the liberal scale upon
+which it is my first desire to act towards every writer and friend
+concerned in the work. Respecting the terms upon which the editor shall
+be placed at first, I have proposed, and it appears to be satisfactory
+to Mr. Gifford, that he shall receive, either previous to, or
+immediately after, the publication of each number, the sum of 160
+guineas, which he is to distribute as he thinks proper, without any
+question or interference on my part; and that in addition to this, he
+shall receive from me the sum of £200 annually, merely as the editor.
+This, Sir, is much more than I can flatter myself with the return of,
+for the first year at least; but it is my intention that his salary
+shall ever increase proportionately to the success of the work under his
+management. The editor has a most arduous office to perform, and the
+success of the publication must depend in a great measure upon his
+activity.
+
+I am, dear Sir, Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+John Murray.
+
+It will be observed from this letter, that Mr. Murray was aware that,
+besides skilful editing, sound and practical business management was
+necessary to render the new Review a success. The way in which he
+informs Mr. Scott about Gifford's proposed review of "Juvenal" and
+"Persius," shows that he fully comprehended the situation, and the
+dangers which would beset an editor like Gifford, who lived for the most
+part amongst his books, and was, to a large extent, secluded from the
+active world.
+
+On the same day Scott was writing to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_. Edinburgh, _November_ 15, 1808.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I received two days ago a letter from Mr. Gifford highly approving of
+the particulars of the plan which I had sketched for the _Review_. But
+there are two points to be considered. In the first place, I cannot be
+in town as I proposed, for the Commissioners under the Judicial Bill, to
+whom I am to act as clerk, have resolved that their final sittings shall
+be held _here_, so that I have now no chance of being in London before
+spring. This is very unlucky, as Mr. Gifford proposes to wait for my
+arrival in town to set the great machine a-going. I shall write to him
+that this is impossible, and that I wish he would, with your assistance
+and that of his other friends, make up a list of the works which the
+first number is to contain, and consider what is the extent of the aid
+he will require from the North. The other circumstance is, that Mr.
+Gifford pleads the state of his health and his retired habits as
+sequestrating him from the world, and rendering him less capable of
+active exertion, and in the kindest and most polite manner he expresses
+his hope that he should receive very extensive assistance and support
+from me, without which he is pleased to say he would utterly despair of
+success. Now between ourselves (for this is strictly confidential) I am
+rather alarmed at this prospect. I am willing, and anxiously so, to do
+all in my power to serve the work; but, my dear sir, you know how many
+of our very ablest hands are engaged in the _Edinburgh Review_, and what
+a dismal work it will be to wring assistance from the few whose
+indolence has left them neutral. I can, to be sure, work like a horse
+myself, but then I have two heavy works on my hands already, namely,
+"Somers" and "Swift." Constable had lately very nearly relinquished the
+latter work, and I now heartily wish it had never commenced; but two
+volumes are nearly printed, so I conclude it will now go on. If this
+work had not stood in the way, I should have liked Beaumont and Fletcher
+much better. It would not have required half the research, and occupied
+much less time. I plainly see that, according to Mr. Gifford's view, I
+should have almost all the trouble of a co-editor, both in collecting
+and revising the articles which are to come from Scotland, as well as in
+supplying all deficiencies from my own stores.
+
+These considerations cannot, however, operate upon the first number, so
+pray send me a list of books, and perhaps you may send some on a
+venture. You know the department I had in the _Edinburgh Review_. I will
+sound Southey, agreeable to Mr. Gifford's wishes, on the Spanish
+affairs. The last number of the _Edinburgh Review_ has given disgust
+beyond measure, owing to the tone of the article on Cevallos' _exposé_.
+Subscribers are falling off like withered leaves.
+
+I retired my name among others, after explaining the reasons both to Mr.
+Jeffrey and Mr. Constable, so that there never was such an opening for a
+new _Review_. I shall be glad to hear what you think on the subject of
+terms, for my Northern troops will not move without pay; but there is no
+hurry about fixing this point, as most of the writers in the first
+number will be more or less indifferent on the subject. For my own
+share, I care not what the conditions are, unless the labour expected
+from me is to occupy a considerable portion of time, in which case they
+might become an object. While we are on this subject, I may as well
+mention that as you incur so large an outlay in the case of the Novels,
+I would not only be happy that my remuneration should depend on the
+profits of the work, but I also think I could command a few hundreds to
+assist in carrying it on.
+
+By the way, I see "Notes on Don Quixote" advertised. This was a plan I
+had for enriching our collection, having many references by me for the
+purpose. I shall be sorry if I am powerfully anticipated. Perhaps the
+book would make a good article in the _Review_. Can you get me
+"Gaytoun's Festivous Notes on Don Quixote"?
+
+I think our friend Ballantyne is grown an inch taller on the subjects of
+the "Romances."
+
+Believe me, dear Sir, Yours very truly, Walter Scott.
+
+Gifford is much pleased with you personally.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November_ 19, 1808.
+
+"Mr. Gifford has communicated to me an important piece of news. He met
+his friend, Lord Teignmouth, and learned from him that he and the
+Wilberforce party had some idea of starting a journal to oppose the
+_Edinburgh Review_, that Henry Thornton and Mr. [Zachary] Macaulay were
+to be the conductors, that they had met, and that some able men were
+mentioned. Upon sounding Lord T. as to their giving us their assistance,
+he thought this might be adopted in preference to their own plans.... It
+will happen fortunately that we intend opening with an article on the
+missionaries, which, as it will be written in opposition to the
+sentiments in the _Edinburgh Review_, is very likely to gain that large
+body of which Wilberforce is the head. I have collected from every
+Missionary Society in London, of which there are no less than five, all
+their curious reports, proceedings and history, which, I know, Sydney
+Smith never saw; and which I could only procure by personal application.
+Southey will give a complete view of the subject, and if he will enter
+heartily into it, and do it well, it will be as much as he can do for
+the first number. These transactions contain, amidst a great deal of
+fanaticism, the most curious information you can imagine upon the
+history, literature, topography and manners of nations and countries of
+which we are otherwise totally ignorant.... If you have occasion to
+write to Southey, pray urge the vast importance of this subject, and
+entreat him to give it all his ability. I find that a new volume of
+Burns' ('The Reliques') will be published by the end of this month,
+which will form the subject of another capital article under your hands.
+I presume 'Sir John Carr (Tour in Scotland)' will be another article,
+which even you, I fancy, will like; 'Mrs. Grant of Laggan,' too, and
+perhaps your friend Mr. Cumberland's 'John de Lancaster' .... Are you
+not sufficiently well acquainted with Miss (Joanna) Baillie, both to
+confide in her, and command her talents? If so, you will probably think
+of what may suit her, and what may apply to her. Mr. Heber, too, would
+apply to his brother at your request, and his friend Coplestone, who
+will also be written to by a friend of Gifford's...."
+
+Scott was very desirous of enlisting George Canning among the
+contributors to the Quarterly. He wrote to his friend Ellis:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. G. Ellis_.
+
+"As our start is of such immense consequence, don't you think Mr.
+Canning, though unquestionably our Atlas, might for a day find a
+Hercules on whom to devolve the burden of the globe, while he writes for
+us a review? I know what an audacious request this is, but suppose he
+should, as great statesmen sometimes do, take a political fit of the
+gout, and absent himself from a large ministerial dinner which might
+give it him in good earnest--dine at three on a chicken and pint of
+wine, and lay the foundation of at least one good article? Let us but
+once get afloat, and our labour is not worth talking about; but, till
+then, all hands must work hard."
+
+This suggestion was communicated by George Ellis to Gifford, the chosen
+editor, and on December 1, Murray informed Scott that the article on
+Spain was proceeding under Mr. Canning's immediate superintendence.
+Canning and Gifford went down to Mr. Ellis's house at Sunninghill, where
+the three remained together for four days, during which time the article
+was hatched and completed.
+
+On receiving the celebrated "Declaration of Westminster" on the Spanish
+War, Scott wrote to Ellis:
+
+"Tell Mr. Canning that the old women of Scotland will defend the country
+with their distaffs, rather than that troops enough be not sent to make
+good so noble a pledge. Were the thousands that have mouldered away in
+petty conquests or Lilliputian expeditions united to those we have now
+in that country, what a band would Sir John Moore have under him!...
+Jeffrey has offered terms of pacification, engaging that no party
+politics should again appear in his _Review_. I told him I thought it
+was now too late, and reminded him that I had often pointed out to him
+the consequences of letting his work become a party tool. He said 'he
+did not fear for the consequences--there were but four men he feared as
+opponents.' 'Who are these?' 'Yourself for one.' 'Certainly you pay me a
+great compliment; depend upon it I will endeavour to deserve it.' 'Why,
+you would not join against me?' 'Yes, I would, if I saw a proper
+opportunity: not against you personally, but against your politics.'
+'You are privileged to be violent.' 'I don't ask any privilege for undue
+violence. But who are your other foemen?' 'George Ellis and Southey.'
+The other he did not name. All this was in great good humour; and next
+day I had a very affecting note from him, in answer to an invitation to
+dinner. He has no suspicion of the _Review_ whatever."
+
+In the meantime, Mr. Murray continued to look out for further
+contributors. Mr. James Mill, of the India House, in reply to a request
+for assistance, wrote:
+
+"You do me a great deal of honour in the solicitude you express to have
+me engaged in laying the foundation stone of your new edifice, which I
+hope will be both splendid and durable; and it is no want of zeal or
+gratitude that delays me. But this ponderous Geography, a porter's, or
+rather a horse's load, bears me down to a degree you can hardly
+conceive. What I am now meditating from under it is to spare time to do
+well and leisurely the Indian article (my favourite subject) for your
+next number. Besides, I shall not reckon myself less a founder from its
+having been only the fault of my previous engagements that my first
+article for you appears only in the second number, and not in the first
+part of your work."
+
+Another contributor whom Mr. Murray was desirous to secure was Mrs.
+Inchbald, authoress of the "Simple Story." The application was made to
+her through one of Murray's intimate friends, Mr. Hoppner, the artist.
+Her answer was as follows:
+
+_Mrs. Inchbald to Mr. Hoppner_. _December_ 31, 1808.
+
+My dear Sir, As I wholly rely upon your judgment for the excellency of
+the design in question, I wish you to be better acquainted with my
+abilities as a reviewer before I suffer my curiosity to be further
+gratified in respect to the plan of the work you have undertaken, or the
+names of those persons who, with yourself, have done me the very great
+honour to require my assistance. Before I see you, then, and possess
+myself of your further confidence, it is proper that I should acquaint
+you that there is only one department of a Review for which I am in the
+least qualified, and that one combines plays and novels. Yet the very
+few novels I have read, of later publications, incapacitates me again
+for detecting plagiary, or for making such comparisons as proper
+criticism may demand. You will, perhaps, be surprised when I tell you
+that I am not only wholly unacquainted with the book you have mentioned
+to me, but that I never heard of it before. If it be in French, there
+will be another insurmountable difficulty; for, though I read French,
+and have translated some French comedies, yet I am not so perfectly
+acquainted with the language as to dare to write remarks upon a French
+author. If Madame Cottin's "Malvina" be in English, you wish it speedily
+reviewed, and can possibly have any doubt of the truth of my present
+report, please to send it me; and whatever may be the contents, I will
+immediately essay my abilities on the work, or immediately return it as
+a hopeless case.
+
+Yours very faithfully,
+
+E. Inchbald.
+
+On further consideration, however, Mrs. Inchbald modestly declined to
+become a contributor. Notwithstanding her great merits as an author, she
+had the extremest diffidence in her own abilities.
+
+_Mrs. Inchbald to John Murray_.
+
+"The more I reflect on the importance of the contributions intended for
+this work, the more I am convinced of my own inability to become a
+contributor. The productions in question must, I am convinced, be of a
+certain quality that will demand far more acquaintance with books, and
+much more general knowledge, than it has ever been my good fortune to
+attain. Under these circumstances, finding myself, upon mature
+consideration, wholly inadequate to the task proposed, I beg you will
+accept of this apology as a truth, and present it to Mr. Hoppner on the
+first opportunity; and assure him that it has been solely my reluctance
+to yield up the honour he intended me which has tempted me, for an
+instant, to be undecided in my reply to his overture.--I am, Sir, with
+sincere acknowledgments for the politeness of your letter to me,
+
+"E. Inchbald."
+
+And here the correspondence dropped.
+
+It is now difficult to understand the profound secrecy with which the
+projection of the new Review was carried on until within a fortnight of
+the day of its publication. In these modern times widespread
+advertisements announce the advent of a new periodical, whereas then
+both publisher and editor enjoined the utmost secrecy upon all with whom
+they were in correspondence. Still, the day of publication was very
+near, when the _Quarterly_ was, according to Scott, to "burst like a
+bomb" among the Whigs of Edinburgh. The only explanation of the secrecy
+of the preliminary arrangements is that probably down to the last it was
+difficult to ascertain whether enough materials could be accumulated to
+form a sufficiently good number before the first _Quarterly Review_ was
+launched into the world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE "QUARTERLY" LAUNCHED
+
+
+While Mr. Gifford was marshalling his forces and preparing for the issue
+of the first number of the _Quarterly_, Mr. Murray was corresponding
+with James Ballantyne of Edinburgh as to the works they were jointly
+engaged in bringing out, and also with respect to the northern agency of
+the new _Review_. An arrangement was made between them that they should
+meet at Boroughbridge, in Yorkshire, at the beginning of January 1809,
+for the purpose of concocting their plans. Ballantyne proposed to leave
+Edinburgh on January 5, and Murray was to set out from London on the
+same day, both making for Boroughbridge. A few days before Ballantyne
+left Edinburgh he wrote to Murray:
+
+"I shall not let a living soul know of my intended journey. Entire
+secrecy seems necessary at present. I dined yesterday _tête-à-tête_ with
+Mr. Scott, and had a great deal of highly important conversation with
+him. He showed me a letter bidding a final farewell to the house of
+Constable."
+
+It was mid-winter, and there were increasing indications of a heavy
+storm brewing. Notwithstanding the severity of the weather, however,
+both determined to set out for their place of meeting in Yorkshire. Two
+days before Ballantyne left Edinburgh, he wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Ballantyne to John Murray_. _January_ 4, 1809.
+
+Dear Murray, It is blowing the devil's weather here; but no matter--if
+the mail goes, I go. I shall travel by the mail, and shall, instantly on
+arriving, go to the "Crown," hoping to find you and an imperial dinner.
+By the bye, you had better, on your arrival, take places north and
+south for the following day. In four or five hours after your receiving
+this, I expect to shake your princely paw.
+
+Thine, J.B.
+
+Scott also sent a note by the hand of Ballantyne to tell of his complete
+rupture with Constable owing to "Mr. Hunter's extreme incivility."
+
+As a result of these negotiations the Ballantynes were appointed
+publishers of the new Review in Edinburgh, and, with a view to a more
+central position, they took premises in South Hanover Street. Scott
+wrote with reference to this:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_February_, 1809.
+
+I enclose the promised "Swift," and am now, I think, personally out of
+your debt, though I will endeavour to stop up gaps if I do not receive
+the contributions I expect from others. Were I in the neighbourhood of
+your shop in London I could soon run up half a sheet of trifling
+articles with a page or two to each, but that is impossible here for
+lack of materials.
+
+When the Ballantynes open shop you must take care to have them supplied
+with food for such a stop-gap sort of criticism. I think we will never
+again feel the pressure we have had for this number; the harvest has
+literally been great and the labourers few.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+W.S.
+
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne. to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 27, 1809.
+
+"I see or hear of nothing but good about the _Review_. Mr. Scott is at
+this moment busy with two articles, besides the one he has sent. In
+conversation a few days since, I heard a gentleman ask him, 'Pray, sir,
+do you think the _Quarterly Review_ will be equal to the _Edinburgh_?'
+His answer was, 'I won't be quite sure of the first number, because of
+course there are difficulties attending the commencement of every work
+which time and habit can alone smooth away. But I think the first number
+will be a good one, and in the course of three or four, _I think we'll
+sweat them!_'"
+
+The first number of the _Quarterly Review_ was published at the end of
+February, 1809. Like most first numbers, it did not entirely realize the
+sanguine views of its promoters. It did not burst like a thunder-clap on
+the reading public; nor did it give promise to its friends that a new
+political power had been born into the world. The general tone was more
+literary than political; and though it contained much that was well
+worth reading, none of its articles were of first-rate quality.
+
+Walter Scott was the principal contributor, and was keenly interested in
+its progress, though his mind was ever teeming with other new schemes.
+The allusion in the following letter to his publication of "many
+unauthenticated books," if unintentional, seems little less than
+prophetic.
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+Edinburgh, _February_ 25, 1809.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I see with pleasure that you will be out on the first. Yet I wish I
+could have seen my articles in proof, for I seldom read over my things
+in manuscript, and always find infinite room for improvement at the
+printer's expense. I hope our hurry will not be such another time as to
+deprive me of the chance of doing the best I can, which depends greatly
+on my seeing the proofs. Pray have the goodness to attend to this.
+
+I have made for the Ballantynes a little selection of poetry, to be
+entitled "English Minstrelsy"; I also intend to arrange for them a first
+volume of English Memoirs, to be entitled--"Secret History of the Court
+of James I." To consist of:
+
+Osborne's "Traditional Memoirs."
+
+Sir Anthony Welldon's "Court and Character of James I."
+
+Heylin's "Aulicus Coquinariae."
+
+Sir Edward Peyton's "Rise and Fall of the House of Stewart."
+
+I will add a few explanatory notes to these curious memoirs, and hope to
+continue the collection, as (thanks to my constant labour on "Somers")
+it costs me no expense, and shall cost the proprietors none. You may
+advertise the publications, and Ballantyne, equally agreeable to his own
+wish and mine, will let you choose your own share in them. I have a
+commission for you in the way of art. I have published many
+unauthenticated books, as you know, and may probably bring forward many
+more. Now I wish to have it in my power to place on a few copies of each
+a decisive mark of appropriation. I have chosen for this purpose a
+device borne by a champion of my name in a tournament at Stirling! It
+was a gate and portcullis, with the motto CLAUSUS TUTUS ERO. I have it
+engraved on a seal, as you may remark on the enclosure, but it is done
+in a most blackguard style. Now what I want is to have this same gateway
+and this same portcullis and this same motto of _clausus tutus ero_,
+which is an anagram of _Walterus Scotus_ (taking two single _U_'s for
+the _W_), cut upon wood in the most elegant manner, so as to make a
+small vignette capable of being applied to a few copies of every work
+which I either write or publish. This fancy of making _portcullis_
+copies I have much at heart, and trust to you to get it accomplished for
+me in the most elegant manner. I don't mind the expense, and perhaps Mr.
+Westall might be disposed to make a sketch for me.
+
+I am most anxious to see the _Review_. God grant we may lose no ground;
+I tremble when I think of my own articles, of two of which I have but an
+indefinite recollection.
+
+What would you think of an edition of the "Old English Froissart," say
+500 in the small _antique quarto_, a beautiful size of book; the
+spelling must be brought to an uniformity, the work copied (as I could
+not promise my beautiful copy to go to press), notes added and
+illustrations, etc., and inaccuracies corrected. I think Johnes would be
+driven into most deserved disgrace, and I can get the use of a most
+curious MS. of the French Froissart in the Newbattle Library, probably
+the finest in existence after that of Berlin. I am an enthusiast about
+Berners' Froissart, and though I could not undertake the drudgery of
+preparing the whole for the press, yet Weber [Footnote: Henry Weber,
+Scott's amanuensis.] would do it under my eye upon the most reasonable
+terms. I would revise every part relating to English history.
+
+I have several other literary schemes, but defer mentioning them till I
+come to London, which I sincerely hope will be in the course of a month
+or six weeks. I hear Mr. Canning is anxious about our _Review_.
+Constable says it is a Scotch job. I could not help quizzing Mr. Robert
+Miller, who asked me in an odd sort of way, as I thought, why it was not
+out? I said very indifferently I knew nothing about it, but heard a
+vague report that the Edition was to be much enlarged on account of the
+expected demand. I also inclose a few lines to my brother, and am, dear
+Sir,
+
+Very truly yours,
+
+W. Scott.
+
+It is universally agreed here that Cumberland is five hundred degrees
+beneath contempt.
+
+Ballantyne, Scott's partner, and publisher of the _Review_ in Edinburgh,
+hastened to communicate to Murray their joint views as to the success of
+the work.
+
+_Mr. Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 28, 1809.
+
+My dear Murray,
+
+I received the _Quarterly_ an hour ago. Before taking it to Mr. Scott, I
+had just time to look into the article on Burns, and at the general
+aspect of the book. It looks uncommonly well.... The view of Burns'
+character is better than Jeffrey's. It is written in a more congenial
+tone, with more tender, kindly feeling. Though not perhaps written with
+such elaborate eloquence as Jeffrey's, the thoughts are more original,
+and the style equally powerful. The two first articles (and perhaps the
+rest are not inferior) will confer a name on the _Review_. But why do I
+trouble you with _my_ opinions, when I can give you Mr. Scott's? He has
+just been reading the Spanish article beside me, and he again and again
+interrupted himself with expressions of the strongest admiration.
+
+Three days later, Ballantyne again wrote:
+
+"I have now read 'Spain,' 'Burns,' 'Woman,' 'Curran,' 'Cid,' 'Carr,'
+'Missionaries.' Upon the whole, I think these articles most excellent.
+Mr. Scott is in high spirits; but he says there are evident marks of
+haste in most of them. With respect to his own articles, he much regrets
+not to have had the opportunity of revising them. He thinks the
+'Missionaries' very clever; but he shakes his head at 'Sidney,' 'Woman,'
+and 'Public Characters.' Our copies, which we expected this morning,
+have not made their appearance, which has given us no small anxiety. We
+are panting to hear the public voice. Depend upon it, _if_ our exertions
+are continued, the thing will do. Would G. were as active as Scott and
+Murray!"
+
+Murray had plenty of advisers. Gifford said he had too many. His friend,
+Sharon Turner, was ready with his criticism on No. 1. He deplored the
+appearance of the article by Scott on "Carr's Tour in Scotland."
+[Footnote: Scott himself had written to Murray about this, which he
+calls "a whisky-frisky article," on June 30. "I take the advantage of
+forwarding Sir John's _Review_, to send you back his letters under the
+same cover. He is an incomparable goose, but as he is innocent and
+good-natured, I would not like it to be publicly known that the
+flagellation comes from my hand. Secrecy therefore will oblige me."]
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+"I cannot endure the idea of an individual being wounded merely because
+he has written a book. If, as in the case of the authors attacked in the
+'Baviad,' the works censured were vitiating our literature--or, as in
+the case of Moore's Poems, corrupting our morals--if they were
+denouncing our religious principles, or attacking those political
+principles on which our Government subsists--let them be criticised
+without mercy. The _salus publica_ demands the sacrifice. But to make an
+individual ridiculous merely because he has written a foolish, if it be
+a harmless book, is not, I think, justifiable on any moral principle ...
+I repeat my principle. Whatever tends to vitiate our literary taste, our
+morals, our religious or political principles, may be fairly at the
+mercy of criticism. So, whatever tends to introduce false science, false
+history, indeed, falsehood in any shape, exposes itself to the censor's
+rod. But harmless, inoffensive works should be passed by. Where is the
+bravery of treading on a worm or crushing a poor fly? Where the utility?
+Where the honour?"
+
+An edition of 4,000 copies had been printed; this was soon exhausted,
+and a second edition was called for.
+
+Mr. Scott was ample in his encouragements.
+
+"I think," he wrote to Murray, "a firm and stable sale will be settled
+here, to the extent of 1,000 or 1,500 even for the next number.... I am
+quite pleased with my ten guineas a sheet for my labour in writing, and
+for additional exertions. I will consider them as overpaid by success in
+the cause, especially while that success is doubtful."
+
+Ballantyne wrote to Murray in March:
+
+"Constable, I am told, has consulted Sir Samuel Romilly, and means,
+after writing a book against me, to prosecute me for _stealing his
+plans!_ Somebody has certainly stolen his brains!"
+
+The confederates continued to encourage each other and to incite to
+greater effort the procrastinating Gifford. The following rather
+mysterious paragraph occurs in a letter from Scott to Murray dated March
+19, 1809.
+
+"I have found means to get at Mr. G., and have procured a letter to be
+written to him, which may possibly produce one to you signed Rutherford
+or Richardson, or some such name, and dated from the North of England;
+or, if he does not write to you, enquiry is to be made whether he would
+choose you should address him. The secrecy to be observed in this
+business must be most profound, even to Ballantyne and all the world. If
+you get articles from him (which will and must draw attention) you must
+throw out a false scent for enquirers. I believe this unfortunate man
+will soon be in London."
+
+In reply, Mr. Murray wrote on March 24 to Mr. Scott, urging him to come
+to London, and offering, "if there be no plea for charging your expenses
+to Government," to "undertake that the _Review_ shall pay them as far as
+one hundred guineas." To this Scott replied:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+Edinburgh, _March_ 27, 1809.
+
+I have only time to give a very short answer to your letter. Some very
+important business detains me here till Monday or Tuesday, on the last
+of which days at farthest I will set off for town, and will be with you
+of course at the end of the week. As to my travelling expenses, if
+Government pay me, good and well; if they do not, depend on it I will
+never take a farthing from you. You have, my good friend, enough of
+expense to incur in forwarding this great and dubious undertaking, and
+God forbid I should add so unreasonable a charge as your liberality
+points at. I am very frank in money matters, and always take my price
+when I think I can give money's worth for money, but this is quite
+extravagant, and you must think no more of it. Should I want money for
+any purpose I will readily make _you_ my banker and give you value in
+reviews. John Ballantyne's last remittance continues to go off briskly;
+the devil's in you in London, you don't know good writing when you get
+it. All depends on our cutting in before the next _Edinburgh_, when
+instead of following their lead they shall follow ours.
+
+Mrs. Scott is my fellow-traveller in virtue of an old promise. I am,
+dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+_April_ 4, at night.
+
+I have been detained a day later than I intended, but set off to-morrow
+at mid-day. I believe I shall get _franked_, so will have my generosity
+for nothing. I hope to be in London on Monday.
+
+In sending out copies of the first number, Mr. Murray was not forgetful
+of one friend who had taken a leading part in originating the _Review_.
+
+In 1808 Mr. Stratford Canning, when only twenty years of age, had been
+selected to accompany Mr. Adair on a special mission to Constantinople.
+The following year, on Mr. Adair being appointed H.B.M. Minister to the
+Sublime Porte, Stratford Canning became Secretary of Legation. Mr.
+Murray wrote to him:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Stratford Canning_.
+
+32, Fleet St., London, _March_ 12, 1809.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+It is with no small degree of pleasure that I send, for the favour of
+your acceptance, the first number of the _Quarterly Review_, a work
+which owes its birth to your obliging countenance and introduction of me
+to Mr. Gifford. I flatter myself that upon the whole you will not be
+dissatisfied with our first attempt, which is universally allowed to be
+so very respectable. Had you been in London during its progress, it
+would, I am confident, have been rendered more deserving of public
+attention.
+
+The letter goes on to ask for information on foreign works of importance
+or interest.
+
+Mr. Stratford Canning replied:
+
+"With regard to the comission which you have given me, it is, I fear,
+completely out of my power to execute it. Literature neither resides at
+Constantinople nor passes through it. Even were I able to obtain the
+publications of France and Germany by way of Vienna, the road is so
+circuitous, that you would have them later than others who contrive to
+smuggle them across the North Sea. Every London newspaper that retails
+its daily sixpennyworth of false reports, publishes the French, the
+Hamburgh, the Vienna, the Frankfort, and other journals, full as soon as
+we receive any of them here. This is the case at all times; at present
+it is much worse. We are entirely insulated. The Russians block up the
+usual road through Bucharest, and the Servians prevent the passage of
+couriers through Bosnia. And in addition to these difficulties, the
+present state of the Continent must at least interrupt all literary
+works. You will not, I am sure, look upon these as idle excuses. Things
+may probably improve, and I will not quit this country without
+commissioning some one here to send you anything that may be of use to
+so promising a publication as your _Review_."
+
+No sooner was one number published, than preparations were made for the
+next. Every periodical is a continuous work--never ending, still
+beginning. New contributors must be gained; new books reviewed; new
+views criticised. Mr. Murray was, even more than the editor, the
+backbone of the enterprise: he was indefatigable in soliciting new
+writers for the _Quarterly_, and in finding the books fit for review,
+and the appropriate reviewers of the books. Sometimes the reviews were
+printed before the editor was consulted, but everything passed under the
+notice of Gifford, and received his emendations and final approval.
+
+Mr. Murray went so far as to invite Leigh Hunt to contribute an article
+on Literature or Poetry for the _Quarterly_. The reply came from John
+Hunt, Leigh's brother. He said:
+
+_Mr. John Hunt to John Murray_.
+
+"My brother some days back requested me to present to you his thanks for
+the polite note you favoured him with on the subject of the _Review_, to
+which he should have been most willing to have contributed in the manner
+you propose, did he not perceive that the political sentiments contained
+in it are in direct opposition to his own."
+
+This was honest, and it did not interfere with the personal intercourse
+of the publisher and the poet. Murray afterwards wrote to Scott: "Hunt
+is most vilely wrong-headed in politics, which he has allowed to turn
+him away from the path of elegant criticism, which might have led him to
+eminence and respectability."
+
+James Mill, author of the "History of British India," sent an article
+for the second number; but the sentiments and principles not being in
+accordance with those of the editor, it was not at once accepted. On
+learning this, he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. James Mill to John Murray_.
+
+My dear Sir,
+
+I can have no objection in the world to your delaying the article I have
+sent you till it altogether suits your arrangements to make use of it.
+Besides this point, a few words of explanation may not be altogether
+useless with regard to another. I am half inclined to suspect that the
+objection of your Editor goes a little farther than you state. If so, I
+beg you will not hesitate a moment about what you are to do with it. I
+wrote it solely with a view to oblige and to benefit _you personally_,
+but with very little idea, as I told you at our first conversation on
+the subject, that it would be in my power to be of any use to you, as
+the views which I entertained respecting what is good for our country
+were very different from the views entertained by the gentlemen with
+whom in your projected concern you told me you were to be connected. To
+convince you, however, of my good-will, I am perfectly ready to give you
+a specimen, and if it appears to be such as likely to give offence to
+your friends, or not to harmonise with the general style of your work,
+commit it to the flames without the smallest scruple. Be assured that it
+will not make the smallest difference in my sentiments towards you, or
+render me in the smallest degree less disposed to lend you my aid (such
+as it is) on any other occasion when it may be better calculated to be
+of use to you.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+J. Mill.
+
+Gifford was not a man of business; he was unpunctual. The second number
+of the _Quarterly_ appeared behind its time, and the publisher felt
+himself under the necessity of expostulating with the editor.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+_May_ 11, 1809.
+
+Dear Mr. Gifford,
+
+I begin to suspect that you are not aware of the complete misery which
+is occasioned to me, and the certain ruin which must attend the
+_Review_, by our unfortunate procrastination. Long before this, every
+line of copy for the present number ought to have been in the hands of
+the printer. Yet the whole of the _Review_ is yet to print. I know not
+what to do to facilitate your labour, for the articles which you have
+long had he scattered without attention, and those which I ventured to
+send to the printer undergo such retarding corrections, that even by
+this mode we do not advance. I entreat the favour of your exertion. For
+the last five months my most imperative concerns have yielded to this,
+without the hope of my anxiety or labour ceasing.
+
+"Tanti miserere laboris,"
+
+in my distress and with regret from
+
+John Murray.
+
+Mr. Gifford's reply was as follows:
+
+"The delay and confusion which have arisen must be attributed to a want
+of confidential communication. In a word, you have too many advisers,
+and I too many masters."
+
+At last the second number of the _Quarterly_ appeared, at the end of May
+instead of at the middle of April. The new contributors to this number
+were Dr. D'Oyley, the Rev. Mr. Walpole, and George Canning, who, in
+conjunction with Sharon Turner, contributed the last article on Austrian
+State Papers.
+
+As soon as the second number was published, Mr. Gifford, whose health
+was hardly equal to the constant strain of preparing and editing the
+successive numbers, hastened away, as was his custom, to the seaside. He
+wrote to Mr. Murray from Ryde:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 18, 1809.
+
+"I rejoice to hear of our success, and feel very anxious to carry it
+further. A fortnight's complete abstraction from all sublunary cares has
+done me much good, and I am now ready to put on my spectacles and look
+about me.... Hoppner is here, and has been at Death's door. The third
+day after his arrival, he had an apoplectic fit, from which blisters,
+etc., have miraculously recovered him.... This morning I received a
+letter from Mr. Erskine. He speaks very highly of the second number, and
+of the Austrian article, which is thought its chief attraction.
+Theology, he says, few people read or care about. On this, I wish to say
+a word seriously. I am sorry that Mr. E. has fallen into that notion,
+too general I fear in Scotland; but this is his own concern. I differ
+with him totally, however, as to the few readers which such subjects
+find; for as far as my knowledge reaches, the reverse is the fact. The
+strongest letter which I have received since I came down, in our favour,
+points out the two serious articles as masterly productions and of
+decided superiority. We have taught the truth I mention to the
+_Edinburgh Review_, and in their last number they have also attempted to
+be serious, and abstain from their flippant impiety. It is not done with
+the best grace, but it has done them credit, I hear.... When you make up
+your parcel, pray put in some small cheap 'Horace,' which I can no more
+do without than Parson Adams _ex_ 'Aeschylus.' I have left it somewhere
+on the road. Any common thing will do."
+
+Mr. Murray sent Gifford a splendid copy of "Horace" in the next parcel
+of books and manuscripts. In his reply Gifford, expostulating, "Why, my
+dear Sir, will you do these things?" thanked him warmly for his gift.
+
+Mr. George Ellis was, as usual, ready with his criticism. Differing from
+Gifford, he wrote:
+
+"I confess that, to my taste, the long article on the New Testament is
+very tedious, and that the progress of Socinianism is, to my
+apprehension, a bugbear which _we_ have no immediate reason to be scared
+by; but it may alarm some people, and what I think a dull prosing piece
+of orthodoxy may have its admirers, and promote our sale."
+
+Even Constable had a good word to say of it. In a letter to his partner,
+Hunter, then in London, he said:
+
+"I received the _Quarterly Review_ yesterday, and immediately went and
+delivered it to Mr. Jeffrey himself. It really seems a respectable
+number, but what then? Unless theirs improves and ours falls off it
+cannot harm us, I think. I observe that Nos. 1 and 2 extend to merely
+twenty-nine sheets, so that, in fact, ours is still the cheaper of the
+two. Murray's waiting on you with it is one of the wisest things I ever
+knew him do: you will not be behindhand with him in civility."
+
+No. 3 of the _Quarterly_ was also late, and was not published until the
+end of August. The contributors were behindhand; an article was expected
+from Canning on Spain, and the publication was postponed until this
+article had been received, printed and corrected. The foundations of it
+were laid by George Ellis, and it was completed by George Canning.
+
+Of this article Mr. Gifford wrote:
+
+"In consequence of my importunity, Mr. Canning has exerted himself and
+produced the best article that ever yet appeared in any Review."
+
+Although Mr. Gifford was sometimes the subject of opprobrium because of
+his supposed severity, we find that in many cases he softened down the
+tone of the reviewers. For instance, in communicating to Mr. Murray the
+first part of Dr. Thomson's article on the "Outlines of Mineralogy," by
+Kidd, he observed:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"It is very splenitick and very severe, and much too wantonly so. I
+hope, however, it is just. Some of the opprobrious language I shall
+soften, for the eternal repetitions of _ignorance, absurdity,
+surprising,_ etc., are not wanted. I am sorry to observe so much
+Nationality in it. Let this be a secret between us, for I will not have
+my private opinions go beyond yourself. As for Kidd, he is a modest,
+unassuming man, and is not to be attacked with sticks and stones like a
+savage. Remember, it is only the epithets which I mean to soften; for as
+to the scientific part, it shall not be meddled with."
+
+His faithful correspondent, Mr. Ellis, wrote as to the quality of this
+third number of the _Quarterly_. He agreed with Mr. Murray, that though
+profound, it was "most notoriously and unequivocally _dull_.... We must
+veto ponderous articles; they will simply sink us."
+
+Isaac D'Israeli also tendered his advice. He was one of Mr. Murray's
+most intimate friends, and could speak freely and honestly to him as to
+the prospects of the _Review_. He was at Brighton, preparing his third
+volume of the "Curiosities of Literature."
+
+_Mr. I. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+"I have bought the complete collection of Memoirs written by individuals
+of the French nation, amounting to sixty-five volumes, for fifteen
+guineas.... What can I say about the _Q.R.?_ Certainly nothing new; it
+has not yet invaded the country. Here it is totally unknown, though as
+usual the _Ed. Rev._ is here; but among private libraries, I find it
+equally unknown. It has yet its fortune to make. You must appeal to the
+_feelings_ of Gifford! Has he none then? Can't you get a more active and
+vigilant Editor? But what can I say at this distance? The disastrous
+finale of the Austrians, received this morning, is felt here as deadly.
+Buonaparte is a tremendous Thaumaturgus!... I wish you had such a genius
+in the _Q.R._.... My son Ben assures me you are in Brighton. He saw you!
+Now, he never lies." [Footnote: Mr. Murray was in Brighton at the time.]
+
+Thus pressed by his correspondents, Mr. Murray did his best to rescue
+the _Quarterly_ from failure. Though it brought him into prominent
+notice as a publisher, it was not by any means paying its expenses. Some
+thought it doubtful whether "the play was worth the candle." Yet Murray
+was not a man to be driven back by comparative want of success. He
+continued to enlist a band of competent contributors. Amongst these were
+some very eminent men: Mr. John Barrow of the Admiralty; the Rev.
+Reginald Heber, Mr. Robert Grant (afterwards Sir Robert, the Indian
+judge), Mr. Stephens, etc. How Mr. Barrow was induced to become a
+contributor is thus explained in his Autobiography. [Footnote:
+"Autobiographical Memoir of Sir John Barrow," Murray, 1847.]
+
+"One morning, in the summer of the year 1809, Mr. Canning looked in upon
+me at the Admiralty, said he had often troubled me on business, but he
+was now about to ask me a favour. 'I believe you are acquainted with my
+friend William Gifford?' 'By reputation,' I said, 'but not personally.'
+'Then,' says he, 'I must make you personally acquainted; will you come
+and dine with me at Gloucester Lodge any day, the sooner the more
+agreeable--say to-morrow, if you are disengaged?' On accepting, he said,
+'I will send for Gifford to meet you; I know he will be too glad to
+come.'
+
+"'Now,' he continued, 'it is right I should tell you that, in the
+_Review_ of which two numbers have appeared, under the name of the
+_Quarterly_, I am deeply, both publicly and personally, interested, and
+have taken a leading part with Mr. George Ellis, Hookham Frere, Walter
+Scott, Rose, Southey, and some others; our object in that work being to
+counteract the _virus_ scattered among His Majesty's subjects through
+the pages of the _Edinburgh Review_. Now, I wish to enlist you in our
+corps, not as a mere advising idler, but as an efficient labourer in our
+friend Gifford's vineyard.'"
+
+Mr. Barrow modestly expressed a doubt as to his competence, but in the
+sequel, he tells us, Mr. Canning carried his point, and "I may add, once
+for all, that what with Gifford's eager and urgent demands, and the
+exercise becoming habitual and not disagreeable, I did not cease writing
+for the _Quarterly Review_ till I had supplied no less, rather more,
+than 190 articles."
+
+The fourth number of the _Quarterly_, which was due in November, was not
+published until the end of December 1809. Gifford's excuse was the want
+of copy. He wrote to Mr. Murray: "We must, upon the publication of this
+number, enter into some plan for ensuring regularity."
+
+Although it appeared late, the fourth number was the best that had yet
+been issued. It was more varied in its contents; containing articles by
+Scott, Southey, Barrow, and Heber. But the most important article was
+contributed by Robert Grant, on the "Character of the late C.J. Fox."
+This was the first article in the _Quarterly_, according to Mr. Murray,
+which excited general admiration, concerning which we find a memorandum
+in Mr. Murray's own copy; and, what was an important test, it largely
+increased the demand for the _Review_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+CONSTABLE AND BALLANTYNE
+
+
+During the year in which the _Quarterly_ was first given to the world,
+the alliance between Murray and the Ballantynes was close and intimate:
+their correspondence was not confined to business matters, but bears
+witness to warm personal friendship.
+
+Murray was able to place much printing work in their hands, and amongst
+other books, "Mrs. Rundell's Cookery," a valuable property, which had
+now reached a very large circulation, was printed at the Canongate
+Press.
+
+They exerted themselves to promote the sale of one another's
+publications and engaged in various joint works, such, for example, as
+Grahame's "British Georgics" and Scott's "English Minstrelsy."
+
+In the midst of all these transactions, however, there were not wanting
+symptoms of financial difficulties, which, as in a previous instance,
+were destined in time to cause a severance between Murray and his
+Edinburgh agents. It was the old story--drawing bills for value _not_
+received. Murray seriously warned the Ballantynes of the risks they were
+running in trading beyond their capital. James Ballantyne replied on
+March 30, 1809:
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+"Suffer me to notice one part of your letter respecting which you will
+be happy to be put right. We are by no means trading beyond our capital.
+It requires no professional knowledge to enable us to avoid so fatal an
+error as that. For the few speculations we have entered into our means
+have been carefully calculated and are perfectly adequate."
+
+Yet at the close of the same letter, referring to the "British
+Novelists"--a vast scheme, to which Mr. Murray had by no means pledged
+himself--Ballantyne continues:
+
+"For this work permit me to state I have ordered a font of types, cut
+expressly on purpose, at an expense of near £1,000, and have engaged a
+very large number of compositors for no other object."
+
+On June 14, James Ballantyne wrote to Murray:
+
+"I can get no books out yet, without interfering in the printing office
+with business previously engaged for, and that puts me a little about
+for cash. Independent of _this_ circumstance, upon which we reckoned, a
+sum of £1,500 payable to us at 25th May, yet waiting some cursed legal
+arrangements, but which we trust to have very shortly [_sic_]. This is
+all preliminary to the enclosures which I hope will not be disagreeable
+to you, and if not, I will trust to their receipt _accepted_, by return
+of post."
+
+Mr. Murray replied on June 20:
+
+"I regret that I should be under the necessity of returning you the two
+bills which you enclosed, unaccepted; but having settled lately a very
+large amount with Mr. Constable, I had occasion to grant more bills than
+I think it proper to allow to be about at the same time."
+
+This was not the last application for acceptances, and it will be found
+that in the end it led to an entire separation between the firms.
+
+The Ballantynes, however, were more sanguine than prudent. In spite of
+Mr. Murray's warning that they were proceeding too rapidly with the
+publication of new works, they informed him that they had a "gigantic
+scheme" in hand--the "Tales of the East," translated by Henry Weber,
+Walter Scott's private secretary--besides the "Edinburgh Encyclopaedia,"
+and the "Secret Memoirs of the House of Stewart." They said that Scott
+was interested in the "Tales of the East," and in one of their hopeful
+letters they requested Mr. Murray to join in their speculations. His
+answer was as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Ballantyne & Co_.
+
+_October_ 31, 1809.
+
+"I regret that I cannot accept a share in the 'Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.'
+I am obliged to decline by motives of prudence. I do not know anything
+of the agreement made by the proprietors, except in the palpable
+mismanagement of a very exclusive and promising concern. I am therefore
+fearful to risk my property in an affair so extremely unsuitable.
+
+"You distress me sadly by the announcement of having put the 'Secret
+Memoirs' to press, and that the paper for it was actually purchased six
+months ago! How can you, my good sirs, act in this way? How can you
+imagine that a bookseller can afford to pay eternal advances upon almost
+every work in which he takes a share with you? And how can you continue
+to destroy every speculation by entering upon new ones before the
+previous ones are properly completed?... Why, with your influence, will
+you not urge the completion of the 'Minstrelsy'? Why not go on with and
+complete the series of De Foe?... For myself, I really do not know what
+to do, for when I see that you will complete nothing of your own, I am
+unwillingly apprehensive of having any work of mine in your power. What
+I thus write is in serious friendship for you. I entreat you to let us
+complete what we have already in hand, before we begin upon any other
+speculation. You will have enough to do to sell those in which we are
+already engaged. As to your mode of exchange and so disposing of your
+shares, besides the universal obloquy which attends the practice in the
+mind of every respectable bookseller, and the certain damnation which it
+invariably causes both to the book and the author, as in the case of
+Grahame, if persisted in, it must end in serious loss to the
+bookseller.... If you cannot give me your solemn promise not to exchange
+a copy of Tasso, I trust you will allow me to withdraw the small share
+which I propose to take, for the least breath of this kind would blast
+the work and the author too--a most worthy man, upon whose account alone
+I engaged in the speculation."
+
+Constable, with whom Murray had never entirely broken, had always looked
+with jealousy at the operations of the house of Ballantyne. Their firm
+had indeed been started in opposition to himself; and it was not without
+a sort of gratification that he heard of their pecuniary difficulties,
+and of the friction between them and Murray. Scott's "Lady of the Lake"
+had been announced for publication. At the close of a letter to Murray,
+Constable rather maliciously remarks:
+
+_January_ 20, 1810.
+
+"I have no particular anxiety about promulgating the folly (to say the
+least of it) of certain correspondents of yours in this quarter; but if
+you will ask our friend Mr. Miller if he had a letter from a shop nearly
+opposite the Royal Exchange the other day, he will, I dare say, tell you
+of the contents. I am mistaken if their game is not well up! Indeed I
+doubt much if they will survive the 'Lady of the Lake.' She will
+probably help to drown them!"
+
+An arrangement had been made with the Ballantynes that, in
+consideration of their being the sole agents for Mr. Murray in Scotland,
+they should give him the opportunity of taking shares in any of their
+publications. Instead, however, of offering a share of the "Lady of the
+Lake" to Mr. Murray, according to the understanding between the firms,
+the Ballantynes had already parted with one fourth share of the work to
+Mr. Miller, of Albemarle Street, London, whose business was afterwards
+purchased by Mr. Murray. Mr. Murray's letter to Ballantyne & Co. thus
+describes the arrangement:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Ballantyne & Co_.
+
+_March_ 26, 1810.
+
+"Respecting my _Review_, you appear to forget that your engagement was
+that I should be your sole agent here, and that you were to publish
+nothing but what I was to have the offer of a share in. Your deviation
+from this must have led me to conclude that you did not desire or expect
+to continue my agent any longer. You cannot suppose that my estimation
+of Mr. Scott's genius can have rendered me indifferent to my exclusion
+from a share in the 'Lady of the Lake.' I mention this as well to
+testify that I am not indifferent to this conduct in you as to point it
+out to you, that if you mean to withhold from me that portion which you
+command of the advantages of our connexion, you must surely mean to
+resign any that might arise from me. The sole agency for my publications
+in Edinburgh is worth to any man who understands his business £300 a
+year; but this requires zealous activity and deference on one side, and
+great confidence on both, otherwise the connexion cannot be advantageous
+or satisfactory to either party. For this number of the _Review_ I have
+continued your name solely in it, and propose to make you as before sole
+publisher in Scotland; but as you have yourself adopted the plan of
+drawing upon me for the amount of each transaction, you will do me the
+favour to consider what quantity you will need, and upon your remitting
+to me a note at six months for the amount, I shall immediately ship the
+quantity for you."
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+"Your agency hitherto has been productive of little or no advantage to
+us, and the fault has not lain with us. We have persisted in offering
+you shares of everything begun by us, till we found the hopelessness of
+waiting any return; and in dividing Mr. Scott's poem, we found it our
+duty to give what share we had to part with to those by whom we were
+chiefly benefited both as booksellers and printers."
+
+This letter was accompanied with a heavy bill for printing the works of
+De Foe for Mr. Murray. A breach thus took place with the Ballantynes;
+the publisher of the _Quarterly_ was compelled to look out for a new
+agent for Scotland, and met with a thoroughly competent one in Mr.
+William Blackwood, the founder of the well-known publishing house in
+Edinburgh.
+
+To return to the progress of the _Quarterly_. The fifth number, which
+was due in February 1810, but did not appear until the end of March,
+contained many excellent articles, though, as Mr. Ellis said, some of
+them were contributed by "good and steady but marvellously heavy
+friends." Yet he found it better than the _Edinburgh_, which on that
+occasion was "reasonably dull."
+
+It contained one article which became the foundation of an English
+classic, that of Southey on the "Life of Nelson." Of this article Murray
+wrote to its author:
+
+"I wish it to be made such a book as shall become the heroic text of
+every midshipman in the Navy, and the association of Nelson and Southey
+will not, I think, be ungrateful to you. If it be worth your attention
+in this way I am disposed to think that it will enable me to treble the
+sum I first offered as a slight remuneration."
+
+Mr. Murray, writing to Mr. Scott (August 28, 1810) as to the appearance
+of the new number, which did not appear till a month and a half after it
+was due, remarked on the fourth article. "This," he said, "is a review
+of the 'Daughters of Isenberg, a Bavarian Romance,' by Mr. Gifford, to
+whom the authoress (Alicia T. Palmer) had the temerity to send three £1
+notes!" Gifford, instead of sending back the money with indignation, as
+he at first proposed, reviewed the romance, and assumed that the
+authoress had sent him the money for charitable purposes.
+
+_Mr. Gifford to Miss A.T. Palmer_.
+
+"Our avocations leave us but little leisure for extra-official
+employment; and in the present case she has inadvertently added to our
+difficulties by forbearing to specify the precise objects of her bounty.
+We hesitated for some time between the Foundling and Lying-in Hospitals:
+in finally determining for the latter, we humbly trust that we have not
+disappointed her expectations, nor misapplied her charity. Our publisher
+will transmit the proper receipt to her address."
+
+One of the principal objections of Mr. Murray to the manner in which
+Mr. Gifford edited the _Quarterly_ was the war which he waged with the
+_Edinburgh_. This, he held, was not the way in which a respectable
+periodical should be conducted. It had a line of its own to pursue,
+without attacking its neighbours. "Publish," he said, "the best
+information, the best science, the best literature; and leave the public
+to decide for themselves." Relying on this opinion he warned Gifford and
+his friends against attacking Sydney Smith, and Leslie, and Jeffrey,
+because of their contributions to the _Edinburgh_. He thought that such
+attacks had only the effect of advertising the rival journal, and
+rendering it of greater importance. With reference to the article on
+Sydney Smith's "Visitation Sermon" in No. 5, Mr. George Ellis privately
+wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"Gifford, though the best-tempered man alive, is _terribly_ severe with
+his pen; but S.S. would suffer ten times more by being turned into
+ridicule (and never did man expose himself so much as he did in that
+sermon) than from being slashed and cauterized in that manner."
+
+The following refers to a difference of opinion between Mr. Murray and
+his editor. Mr. Gifford had resented some expression of his friend's as
+savouring of intimidation.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+_September_ 25, 1810.
+
+"I entreat you to be assured that the term 'intimidation' can never be
+applied to any part of my conduct towards you, for whom I entertain the
+highest esteem and regard, both as a writer and as a friend. If I am
+over-anxious, it is because I have let my hopes of fame as a bookseller
+rest upon the establishment and celebrity of this journal. My character,
+as well with my professional brethren as with the public, is at stake
+upon it; for I would not be thought silly by the one, or a mere
+speculator by the other. I have a very large business, as you may
+conclude by the capital I have been able to throw into this one
+publication, and yet my mind is so entirely engrossed, my honour is so
+completely involved in this one thing, that I neither eat, drink, nor
+sleep upon anything else. I would rather it excelled all other journals
+and I gained nothing by it, than gain £300 a year by it without trouble
+if it were thought inferior to any other. This, sir, is true."
+
+Meanwhile, Mr. Murray was becoming hard pressed for money. To conduct
+his increasing business required a large floating capital, for long
+credits were the custom, and besides his own requirements, he had to
+bear the constant importunities of the Ballantynes to renew their bills.
+On July 25, 1810, he wrote to them: "This will be the last renewal of
+the bill (£300); when it becomes due, you will have the goodness to
+provide for it." It was, however, becoming impossible to continue
+dealing with them, and he gradually transferred his printing business to
+other firms. We find him about this time ordering Messrs. George Ramsay
+& Co., Edinburgh, to print 8,000 of the "Domestic Cookery," which was
+still having a large sale.
+
+The Constables also were pressing him for renewals of bills. The
+correspondence of this date is full of remonstrances from Murray against
+the financial unpunctuality of his Edinburgh correspondents.
+
+On March 21, 1811, he writes: "With regard to myself, I will engage in
+no new work of any kind"; and again, on April 4, 1811:
+
+Dear Constable,
+
+You know how much I have distressed myself by entering heedlessly upon
+too many engagements. You must not urge me to involve myself in renewed
+difficulties.
+
+To return to the _Quarterly_ No. 8. Owing to the repeated delay in
+publication, the circulation fell off from 5,000 to 4,000, and Mr.
+George Ellis had obviously reason when he wrote: "Hence I infer that
+_punctuality_ is, in our present situation, our great and only
+desideratum."
+
+Accordingly, increased efforts were made to have the _Quarterly_
+published with greater punctuality, though it was a considerable time
+before success in this respect was finally reached. Gifford pruned and
+pared down to the last moment, and often held back the publication until
+an erasure or a correction could be finally inserted.
+
+No. 9, due in February 1811, was not published until March. From this
+time Southey became an almost constant contributor to the _Review_. He
+wrote with ease, grace, and rapidity, and there was scarcely a number
+without one, and sometimes two and even three articles from his pen.
+His prose style was charming--clear, masculine, and to the point. The
+public eagerly read his prose, while his poetry remained unnoticed on
+the shelves. The poet could not accept this view of his merits. Of the
+"Curse of Kehama" he wrote:
+
+"I was perfectly aware that I was planting acorns while my
+contemporaries were setting Turkey beans. The oak will grow, and though
+I may never sit under its shade, my children will. Of the 'Lady of the
+Lake,' 25,000 copies have been printed; of 'Kehama', 500; and if they
+sell in seven years I shall be surprised."
+
+Scott wrote a kindly notice of Southey's poem. It was not his way to cut
+up his friend in a review. He pointed out the beauties of the poem, in
+order to invite purchasers and readers. Yet his private opinion to his
+friend George Ellis was this:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. G. Ellis_.
+
+"I have run up an attempt on the 'Curse of Kehama' for the _Quarterly_:
+a strange thing it is--the 'Curse,' I mean--and the critique is not, as
+the blackguards say, worth a damn; but what I could I did, which was to
+throw as much weight as possible upon the beautiful passages, of which
+there are many, and to slur over its absurdities, of which there are not
+a few. It is infinite pity for Southey, with genius almost to
+exuberance, so much learning and real good feeling of poetry, that, with
+the true obstinacy of a foolish papa, he _will_ be most attached to the
+defects of his poetical offspring. This said 'Kehama' affords cruel
+openings to the quizzers, and I suppose will get it roundly in the
+_Edinburgh Review_. I could have made a very different hand of it
+indeed, had the order of the day been _pour déchirer_."
+
+It was a good thing for Southey that he could always depend upon his
+contributions to the _Quarterly_ for his daily maintenance, for he could
+not at all rely upon the income from his poetry.
+
+The failure of the _Edinburgh Annual Register_, published by Ballantyne,
+led to a diminution of Southey's income amounting to about £400 a year.
+He was thus led to write more and more for the _Quarterly_. His
+reputation, as well as his income, rose higher from his writings there
+than from any of his other works. In April 1812 he wrote to his friend
+Mr. Wynn:
+
+
+_Mr. Southey to Mr. Wynn_.
+
+"By God's blessing I may yet live to make all necessary provision
+myself. My means are now improving every year. I am up the hill of
+difficulty, and shall very soon get rid of the burthen which has impeded
+me in the ascent. I have some arrangements with Murray, which are likely
+to prove more profitable than any former speculations ... Hitherto I
+have been highly favoured. A healthy body, an active mind, and a
+cheerful heart, are the three best boons Nature can bestow, and, God be
+praised, no man ever enjoyed these more perfectly."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+MURRAY AND GIFFORD--RUPTURE WITH CONSTABLE--PROSPERITY OF THE
+"QUARTERLY"
+
+
+A good understanding was now established between Mr. Murray and his
+editor, and the _Quarterly_ went on improving and gradually increased in
+circulation. Though regular in the irregularity of its publication, the
+subscribers seem to have become accustomed to the delay, and when it did
+make its appearance it was read with eagerness and avidity. The interest
+and variety of its contents, and the skill of the editor in the
+arrangement of his materials, made up for many shortcomings.
+
+Murray and Gifford were in constant communication, and it is interesting
+to remember that the writer of the following judicious criticism had
+been editor of the _Anti-Jacobin_ before he was editor of the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 17, 1811.
+
+"I have seldom been more pleased and vexed at a time than with the
+perusal of the enclosed MS. It has wit, it has ingenuity, but both are
+absolutely lost in a negligence of composition which mortifies me. Why
+will your young friend fling away talent which might so honourably
+distinguish him? He might, if be chose, be the ornament of our _Review_,
+instead of creating in one mingled regret and admiration. It is utterly
+impossible to insert such a composition as the present; there are
+expressions which would not be borne; and if, as you say, it will be
+sent to Jeffrey's if I do not admit it, however I may grieve, I must
+submit to the alternative. Articles of pure humour should be written
+with extraordinary attention. A vulgar laugh is detestable. I never saw
+much merit in writing rapidly. You will believe me when I tell you that
+I have been present at the production of more genuine wit and humour
+than almost any person of my time, and that it was revised and polished
+and arranged with a scrupulous care which overlooked nothing. I have
+not often seen fairer promises of excellence in this department than in
+your correspondent; but I tell you frankly that they will all be
+blighted and perish prematurely unless sedulously cultivated. It is a
+poor ambition to raise a casual laugh in the unreflecting.
+
+The article did not appear in the _Quarterly_, and Mr. Pillans, the
+writer, afterwards became a contributor to the _Edinburgh Review_.
+
+In a letter of August 25, 1811, we find Gifford writing to a
+correspondent: "Since the hour I was born I never enjoyed, as far as I
+can recollect, what you call _health_ for a single day." In November,
+after discussing in a letter the articles which were about to appear in
+the next _Review_, he concluded: "I write in pain and must break off."
+In the following month Mr. Murray, no doubt in consideration of the
+start which his _Review_ had made, sent him a present of £500. "I thank
+you," he answered (December 6), "very sincerely for your magnificent
+present; but £500 is a vast sum. However, you know your own business."
+
+Yet Mr. Murray was by no means abounding in wealth. There were always
+those overdrawn bills from Edinburgh to be met, and Ballantyne and
+Constable were both tugging at him for accommodation at the same time.
+
+The business arrangements with Constable & Co., which, save for the
+short interruption which has already been related, had extended over
+many years, were now about to come to an end. The following refers to
+the purchase of Mr. Miller's stock and the removal of Mr. Murray's
+business to Albemarle Street.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Constable_.
+
+ALBEMARLE ST., _October_ 27, 1812.
+
+"I do not see any existing reason why we, who have so long been so very
+intimate, should now be placed in a situation of negative hostility. I
+am sure that we are well calculated to render to each other great
+services; you are the best judge whether your interests were ever before
+so well attended to as by me ... The great connexion which I have for
+the last two years been maturing in Fleet Street I am now going to bring
+into action here; and it is not with any view to, or with any reliance
+upon, what Miller has done, but upon what I know I can do in such a
+situation, that I had long made up my mind to move. It is no sudden
+thing, but one long matured; and it is only from the accident of
+Miller's moving that I have taken his house; so that the notions which,
+I am told, you entertain respecting my plans are totally outside the
+ideas upon which it was formed.... I repeat, it is in my power to do you
+many services; and, certainly, I have bought very largely of you, and
+you never of me; and you know very well that I will serve you heartily
+if I can deal with you confidentially."
+
+A truce was, for a time, made between the firms, but it proved hollow.
+The never-ending imposition of accommodation bills sent for acceptance
+had now reached a point beyond endurance, having regard to Murray's
+credit. The last letter from Murray to Constable & Co. was as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Constable & Co_.
+
+_April 30_, 1813.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+I did not answer the letter to which the enclosed alludes, because its
+impropriety in all respects rendered it impossible for me to do so
+without involving myself in a personal dispute, which it is my anxious
+resolution to avoid: and because my determination was fully taken to
+abide by what I told you in my former letter, to which alone I can or
+could have referred you. You made an express proposition to me, to
+which, as you have deviated from it, it is not my intention to accede.
+The books may remain with me upon sale or return, until you please to
+order them elsewhere; and in the meantime I shall continue to avail
+myself of every opportunity to sell them. I return, therefore, an
+account and bills, with which I have nothing to do, and desire to have a
+regular invoice.
+
+I am, gentlemen, yours truly,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+
+Constable & Co. fired off a final shot on May 28 following, and the
+correspondence and business between the firms then terminated.
+
+No. 12 of the _Quarterly_ appeared in December 1811, and perhaps the
+most interesting article in the number was that by Canning and Ellis, on
+Trotter's "Life of Fox." Gifford writes to Murray about this article:
+
+"I have not seen Canning yet, but he is undoubtedly at work by this
+time. Pray take care that no one gets a sight of the slips. It will be a
+delightful article, but say not a word till it comes out."
+
+A pamphlet had been published by W.S. Landor, dedicated to the President
+of the United States, entitled, "Remarks upon Memoirs of Mr. Fox lately
+published." Gifford was furious about it. He wrote to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I never read so rascally a thing as the Dedication. It is almost too
+bad for the Eatons and other publishers of mad democratic books. In the
+pamphlet itself there are many clever bits, but there is no taste and
+little judgment. His attacks on private men are very bad. Those on Mr.
+C. are too stupid to do much harm, or, indeed, any. The Dedication is
+the most abject piece of business that I ever read. It shows Landor to
+have a most rancorous and malicious heart. Nothing but a rooted hatred
+of his country could have made him dedicate his Jacobinical book to the
+most contemptible wretch that ever crept into authority, and whose only
+recommendation to him is his implacable enmity to his country. I think
+you might write to Southey; but I would not, on any account, have you
+publish such a scoundrel address."
+
+The only entire article ever contributed to the _Review_ by Gifford
+himself was that which he wrote, in conjunction with Barron Field, on
+Ford's "Dramatic Works." It was an able paper, but it contained a
+passage, the publication of which occasioned Gifford the deepest regret.
+Towards the conclusion of the article these words occurred: The Editor
+"has polluted his pages with the blasphemies of a poor maniac, who, it
+seems, once published some detached scenes of the 'Broken Heart.'" This
+referred to Charles Lamb, who likened the "transcendent scene [of the
+Spartan boy and Calantha] in imagination to Calvary and the Cross." Now
+Gifford had never heard of the personal history of Lamb, nor of the
+occasional fits of lunacy to which his sister Mary was subject; and when
+the paragraph was brought to his notice by Southey, through Murray, it
+caused him unspeakable distress. He at once wrote to Southey [Footnote:
+When the subject of a memoir of Charles Lamb by Serjeant Talfourd was
+under consideration, Southey wrote to a friend: "I wish that I had
+looked out for Mr. Talfourd the letter which Gifford wrote in reply to
+one in which I remonstrated with him upon his designation of Lamb as a
+poor maniac. The words were used in complete ignorance of their peculiar
+bearings, and I believe nothing in the course of Gifford's life ever
+occasioned him so much self-reproach. He was a man with whom I had no
+literary sympathies; perhaps there was nothing upon which we agreed,
+except great political questions; but I liked him the better ever after
+for his conduct on this occasion."] the following letter:
+
+_Mr. W. Gifford to Mr. Southey_.
+
+_February_ 13, 1812.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I break off here to say that I have this moment received your last
+letter to Murray. It has grieved and shocked me beyond expression; but,
+my dear friend, I am innocent so far as the intent goes. I call God to
+witness that in the whole course of my life I never heard one syllable
+of Mr. Lamb or his family. I knew not that he ever had a sister, or that
+he had parents living, or that he or any person connected with him had
+ever manifested the slightest tendency to insanity. In a word, I declare
+to you _in the most solemn manner_ that all I ever knew or ever heard of
+Mr. Lamb was merely his name. Had I been aware of one of the
+circumstances which you mention, I would have lost my right arm sooner
+than have written what I have. The truth is, that I was shocked at
+seeing him compare the sufferings and death of a person who just
+continues to dance after the death of his lover is announced (for this
+is all his merit) to the pangs of Mount Calvary; and not choosing to
+attribute it to folly, because I reserved that charge for Weber, I
+unhappily in the present case ascribed it to madness, for which I pray
+God to forgive me, since the blow has fallen heavily when I really
+thought it would not be felt. I considered Lamb as a thoughtless
+scribbler, who, in circumstances of ease, amused himself by writing on
+any subject. Why I thought so, I cannot tell, but it was the opinion I
+formed to myself, for I now regret to say I never made any inquiry upon
+the subject; nor by any accident in the whole course of my life did I
+hear him mentioned beyond the name.
+
+I remain, my dear Sir,
+
+Yours most sincerely,
+
+W. GIFFORD.
+
+It is unnecessary to describe in detail the further progress of the
+_Quarterly_. The venture was now fairly launched. Occasionally, when
+some friction arose from the editorial pruning of Southey's articles, or
+when Mr. Murray remonstrated with the exclusion or inclusion of some
+particular article, Mr. Gifford became depressed, or complained, "This
+business begins to get too heavy for me, and I must soon have done, I
+fear." Such discouragement was only momentary. Gifford continued to edit
+the _Review_ for many years, until and long after its complete success
+had become assured.
+
+The following extract, from a letter of Southey's to his friend Bedford,
+describes very happily the position which Mr. Murray had now attained.
+
+"Murray offers me a thousand guineas for my intended poem in blank
+verse, and begs it may not be a line longer than "Thomson's Seasons"! I
+rather think the poem will be a post obit, and in that case, twice that
+sum, at least, may be demanded for it. What his real feelings may be
+towards me, I cannot tell; but he is a happy fellow, living in the light
+of his own glory. The _Review_ is the greatest of all works, and it is
+all his own creation; he prints 10,000, and fifty times ten thousand
+read its contents, in the East and in the West. Joy be with him and his
+journal!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+LORD BYRON'S WORKS, 1811 TO 1814
+
+
+The origin of Mr. Murray's connection with Lord Byron was as follows.
+Lord Byron had made Mr. Dallas [Footnote: Robert Charles Dallas
+(1754-1824). His sister married Captain George Anson Byron, and her
+descendants now hold the title.] a present of the MS. of the first two
+cantos of "Childe Harold," and allowed him to make arrangements for
+their publication. Mr. Dallas's first intention was to offer them to the
+publisher of "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," but Cawthorn did not
+rank sufficiently high among his brethren of the trade. He was precluded
+from offering them to Longman & Co. because of their refusal to publish
+the Satire. He then went to Mr. Miller, of Albemarle Street, and left
+the manuscript with him, "enjoining the strictest secrecy as to the
+author." After a few days' consideration Miller declined to publish the
+poem, principally because of the sceptical stanzas which it contained,
+and also because of its denunciation as a "plunderer" of his friend and
+patron the Earl of Elgin, who was mentioned by name in the original
+manuscript of the poem.
+
+After hearing from Dallas that Miller had declined to publish "Childe
+Harold," Lord Byron wrote to him from Reddish's Hotel:
+
+_Lord Byron to Mr. Miller_.
+
+_July_ 30, 1811.
+
+SIR,
+
+I am perfectly aware of the justice of your remarks, and am convinced
+that if ever the poem is published the same objections will be made in
+much stronger terms. But, as it was intended to be a poem on _Ariosto's
+plan_, that is to say on _no plan_ at all, and, as is usual in similar
+cases, having a predilection for the worst passages, I shall retain
+those parts, though I cannot venture to defend them. Under these
+circumstances I regret that you decline the publication, on my own
+account, as I think the book would have done better in your hands; the
+pecuniary part, you know, I have nothing to do with.... But I can
+perfectly conceive, and indeed approve your reasons, and assure you my
+sensations are not _Archiepiscopal_ enough as yet to regret the
+rejection of my Homilies.
+
+I am, Sir, your very obedient, humble servant,
+
+BYRON.
+
+"Next to these publishers," proceeds Dallas, in his "Recollections of
+the Life of Lord Byron," "I wished to oblige Mr. Murray, who had then a
+shop opposite St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street. Both he and his
+father before him had published for myself. He had expressed to me his
+regret that I did not carry him the 'English Bards and Scotch
+Reviewers.' But this was after its success; I think he would have
+refused it in its embryo state. After Lord Byron's arrival I had met
+him, and he said he wished I would obtain some work of his Lordship's
+for him. I now had it in my power, and I put 'Childe Harold's
+Pilgrimage' into his hands, telling him that Lord Byron had made me a
+present of it, and that I expected he would make a very liberal
+arrangement with me for it.
+
+"He took some days to consider, during which time he consulted
+his literary advisers, among whom, no doubt, was Mr. Gifford,
+who was Editor of the _Quarterly Review_. That Mr. Gifford gave
+a favourable opinion I afterwards learned from Mr. Murray himself; but
+the objections I have stated stared him in the face, and he was kept in
+suspense between the desire of possessing a work of Lord Byron's and the
+fear of an unsuccessful speculation. We came to this conclusion: that he
+should print, at his expense, a handsome quarto edition, the profits of
+which I should share equally with him, and that the agreement for the
+copyright should depend upon the success of this edition. When I told
+this to Lord Byron he was highly pleased, but still doubted the
+copyright being worth my acceptance, promising, however, if the poem
+went through the edition, to give me other poems to annex to 'Childe
+Harold.'"
+
+Mr. Murray had long desired to make Lord Byron's acquaintance, and now
+that Mr. Dallas had arranged with him for the publication of the first
+two cantos of "Childe Harold," he had many opportunities of seeing Byron
+at his place of business. The first time that he saw him was when he
+called one day with Mr. Hobhouse in Fleet Street. He afterwards looked
+in from time to time, while the sheets were passing through the press,
+fresh from the fencing rooms of Angelo and Jackson, and used to amuse
+himself by renewing his practice of "Carte et Tierce," with his
+walking-cane directed against the book-shelves, while Murray was reading
+passages from the poem, with occasional ejaculations of admiration; on
+which Byron would say, "You think that a good idea, do you, Murray?"
+Then he would fence and lunge with his walking-stick at some special
+book which he had picked out on the shelves before him. As Murray
+afterwards said, "I was often very glad to get rid of him!"
+
+A correspondence took place with regard to certain omissions,
+alterations, and improvements which were strongly urged both by Mr.
+Dallas and the publisher. Mr. Murray wrote as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 4, 1811.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+An absence of some days, passed in the country, has prevented me from
+writing earlier, in answer to your obliging letters. [Footnote: These
+letters are given in Moore's "Life and Letters of Lord Byron."] I have
+now, however, the pleasure of sending you, under a separate cover, the
+first proof sheets of your poem; which is so good as to be entitled to
+all your care in rendering it perfect. Besides its general merits, there
+are parts which, I am tempted to believe, far excel anything that you
+have hitherto published; and it were therefore grievous indeed if you do
+not condescend to bestow upon it all the improvements of which your mind
+is so capable. Every correction already made is valuable, and this
+circumstance renders me more confident in soliciting your further
+attention. There are some expressions concerning Spain and Portugal
+which, however just at the time they were conceived, yet, as they do not
+harmonise with the now prevalent feeling, I am persuaded would so
+greatly interfere with the popularity which the poem is, in other
+respects, certainly calculated to excite, that, in compassion to your
+publisher, who does not presume to reason upon the subject, otherwise
+than as a mere matter of business, I hope your goodness will induce you
+to remove them; and with them perhaps some religious sentiments which
+may deprive me of some customers amongst the Orthodox. Could I flatter
+myself that these suggestions were not obtrusive, I would hazard
+another,--that you would add the two promised cantos, and complete the
+poem. It were cruel indeed not to perfect a work which contains so much
+that is excellent. Your fame, my Lord, demands it. You are raising a
+monument that will outlive your present feelings; and it should
+therefore be constructed in such a manner as to excite no other
+association than that of respect and admiration for your character and
+genius. I trust that you will pardon the warmth of this address, when I
+assure you that it arises, in the greatest degree, from a sincere regard
+for your best reputation; with, however, some view to that portion of it
+which must attend the publisher of so beautiful a poem as you are
+capable of rendering in the 'Romaunt of Childe Harold.'"
+
+In compliance with the suggestions of the publisher, Byron altered and
+improved the stanzas relating to Elgin and Wellington. With respect to
+the religious, or anti-religious sentiments, Byron wrote to Murray: "As
+for the 'orthodox,' let us hope they will buy on purpose to abuse--you
+will forgive the one if they will do the other." Yet he did alter Stanza
+VIII, and inserted what Moore calls a "magnificent stanza" in place of
+one that was churlish and sneering, and in all respects very much
+inferior.
+
+Byron then proceeded to another point. "Tell me fairly, did you show the
+MS. to some of your corps?" "I will have no traps for applause," he
+wrote to Mr. Murray, at the same time forbidding him to show the
+manuscript of "Childe Harold" to his Aristarchus, Mr. Gifford, though he
+had no objection to letting it be seen by any one else. But it was too
+late. Mr. Gifford had already seen the manuscript, and pronounced a
+favourable opinion as to its great poetic merits. Byron was not
+satisfied with this assurance, and seemed, in his next letter, to be
+very angry. He could not bear to have it thought that he was
+endeavouring to ensure a favourable review of his work in the
+_Quarterly_. To Mr. Dallas he wrote (September 23, 1811):
+
+"I _will_ be angry with Murray. It was a book-selling, back-shop,
+Paternoster Row, paltry proceeding; and if the experiment had turned out
+as it deserved, I would have raised all Fleet Street, and borrowed the
+giant's staff from St. Dunstan's Church, to immolate the betrayer of
+trust. I have written to him as he was never written to before by an
+author, I'll be sworn; and I hope you will amplify my wrath, till it has
+an effect upon him."
+
+Byron at first objected to allow the new poem to be published with his
+name, thinking that this would bring down upon him the enmity of his
+critics in the North, as well as the venom of the southern scribblers,
+whom he had enraged by his Satire. At last, on Mr. Murray's strong
+representation, he consented to allow his name to be published on the
+title-page as the author. Even to the last, however, his doubts were
+great as to the probable success of the poem; and he more than once
+talked of suppressing it.
+
+In October 1811 Lord Byron wrote from Newstead Abbey to his friend Mr.
+Hodgson: [Footnote: The Rev. Francis Hodgson was then residing at
+Cambridge as Fellow and Tutor of King's College. He formed an intimate
+friendship with Byron, who communicated with him freely as to his
+poetical as well as his religious difficulties. Hodgson afterwards
+became Provost of Eton.]
+
+"'Childe Harold's Pilgrimage' must wait till Murray's is finished. He is
+making a tour in Middlesex, and is to return soon, when high matter may
+be expected. He wants to have it in quarto, which is a cursed unsaleable
+size; but it is pestilent long, and one must obey one's publisher."
+
+The whole of the sheets were printed off in the following month of
+January; and the work was published on March 1, 1812. Of the first
+edition only 500 copies, demy quarto, were printed.
+
+It is unnecessary to say with what applause the book was received. The
+impression it produced was as instantaneous as it proved to be lasting.
+Byron himself briefly described the result of the publication in his
+memoranda: "I awoke one morning and found myself famous." The publisher
+had already taken pains to spread abroad the merits of the poem. Many of
+his friends had re-echoed its praises. The attention of the public was
+fixed upon the work; and in three days after its appearance the whole
+edition was disposed of. When Mr. Dallas went to see Lord Byron at his
+house in St. James's Street, he found him loaded with letters from
+critics, poets, and authors, all lavish of their raptures. A handsome
+new edition, in octavo, was proposed, to which his Lordship agreed.
+
+Eventually Mr. Murray consented to give Mr. Dallas £600 for the
+copyright of the poem; although Mr. Gifford and others were of opinion
+that it might prove a bad bargain at that price. There was, however, one
+exception, namely Mr. Rogers, who told Mr. Murray not to be
+disheartened, for he might rely upon its turning out the most fortunate
+purchase he had ever made; and so it proved. Three thousand copies of
+the second and third editions of the poem in octavo were printed; and
+these went off in rapid succession.
+
+On the appearance of "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" Lord Byron became an
+object of interest in the fashionable world of London. His poem was the
+subject of conversation everywhere, and many literary, noble, and royal
+personages desired to make his acquaintance. In the month of June he was
+invited to a party at Miss Johnson's, at which His Royal Highness the
+Prince Regent was present. As Lord Byron had not yet been to Court, it
+was not considered etiquette that he should appear before His Royal
+Highness. He accordingly retired to another room. But on the Prince
+being informed that Lord Byron was in the house, he expressed a desire
+to see him. Lord Byron was sent for, and the following is Mr. Murray's
+account of the conversation that took place.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_June_ 27, 1812.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I cannot refrain, notwithstanding my fears of intrusion, from mentioning
+to you a conversation which Lord Byron had with H.R.H. the Prince
+Regent, and of which you formed the leading subject. He was at an
+evening party at Miss Johnson's this week, when the Prince, hearing that
+Lord Byron was present, expressed a desire to be introduced to him; and
+for more than half an hour they conversed on poetry and poets, with
+which the Prince displayed an intimacy and critical taste which at once
+surprised and delighted Lord Byron. But the Prince's great delight was
+Walter Scott, whose name and writings he dwelt upon and recurred to
+incessantly. He preferred him far beyond any other poet of the time,
+repeated several passages with fervour, and criticized them faithfully.
+He spoke chiefly of the 'Lay of the Last Minstrel,' which he expressed
+himself as admiring most of the three poems. He quoted Homer, and even
+some of the obscurer Greek poets, and appeared, as Lord Byron supposes,
+to have read more poetry than any prince in Europe. He paid, of course,
+many compliments to Lord Byron, but the greatest was "that he ought to
+be offended with Lord B., for that he had thought it impossible for any
+poet to equal Walter Scott, and that he had made him find himself
+mistaken." Lord Byron called upon me, merely to let off the raptures of
+the Prince respecting you, thinking, as he said, that if I were likely
+to have occasion to write to you, it might not be ungrateful for you to
+hear of his praises.
+
+In reply Scott wrote to Mr. Murray as follows, enclosing a letter to
+Lord Byron, which has already been published in the Lives of both
+authors:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _July 2_, 1812.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been very silent, partly through pressure of business and partly
+from idleness and procrastination, but it would be very ungracious to
+delay returning my thanks for your kindness in transmitting the very
+flattering particulars of the Prince Regent's conversation with Lord
+Byron. I trouble you with a few lines to his Lordship expressive of my
+thanks for his very handsome and gratifying communication, and I hope he
+will not consider it as intrusive in a veteran author to pay my debt of
+gratitude for the high pleasure I have received from the perusal of
+'Childe Harold,' which is certainly the most original poem which we have
+had this many a day....
+
+Your obliged, humble Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+This episode led to the opening of an agreeable correspondence between
+Scott and Byron, and to a lasting friendship between the two poets.
+
+The fit of inspiration was now on Lord Byron. In May 1813 appeared "The
+Giaour," and in the midst of his corrections of successive editions of
+it, he wrote in four nights his second Turkish story, "Zuleika,"
+afterwards known as "The Bride of Abydos."
+
+With respect to the business arrangement as to the two poems, Mr. Murray
+wrote to Lord Byron as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_November_ 18, 1813.
+
+MY DEAR LORD,
+
+I am very anxious that our business transactions should occur
+frequently, and that they should be settled immediately; for short
+accounts are favourable to long friendships.
+
+I restore "The Giaour" to your Lordship entirely, and for it, the "Bride
+of Abydos," and the miscellaneous poems intended to fill up the volume
+of the small edition, I beg leave to offer you the sum of One Thousand
+Guineas; and I shall be happy if you perceive that my estimation of your
+talents in my character of a man of business is not much under my
+admiration of them as a man.
+
+I do most heartily accept the offer of your portrait, as the most noble
+mark of friendship with which you could in any way honour me. I do
+assure you that I am truly proud of being distinguished as your
+publisher, and that I shall ever continue,
+
+Your Lordship's faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+With reference to the foregoing letter we read in Lord Byron's Diary:
+
+"Mr. Murray has offered me one thousand guineas for 'The Giaour' and
+'The Bride of Abydos.' I won't. It is too much: though I am strongly
+tempted, merely for the say of it. No bad price for a fortnight's (a
+week each) what?--the gods know. It was intended to be called poetry."
+
+The "Bride of Abydos" was received with almost as much applause as the
+"Giaour." "Lord Byron," said Sir James Mackintosh, "is the author of the
+day; six thousand of his 'Bride of Abydos' have been sold within a
+month."
+
+"The Corsair" was Lord Byron's next poem, written with great vehemence,
+literally "struck off at a heat," at the rate of about two hundred lines
+a day,--"a circumstance," says Moore, "that is, perhaps, wholly without
+a parallel in the history of genius." "The Corsair" was begun on the
+18th, and finished on the 31st of December, 1813.
+
+A sudden impulse induced Lord Byron to present the copyright of this
+poem also to Mr. Dallas, with the single stipulation that he would offer
+it for publication to Mr. Murray, who eventually paid Mr. Dallas five
+hundred guineas for the copyright, and the work was published in
+February 1814. The following letters will give some idea of the
+reception it met with.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_February_ 3, 1814.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I have been unwilling to write until I had something to say, an occasion
+to which I do not always restrict myself. I am most happy to tell you
+that your last poem _is_--what Mr. Southey's is _called_--_a Carmen
+Triumphale_. Never, in my recollection, has any work, since the "Letter
+of Burke to the Duke of Bedford," excited such a ferment--a ferment
+which, I am happy to say, will subside into lasting fame. I sold, on the
+day of publication--a thing perfectly unprecedented--10,000 copies....
+Gifford did what I never knew him do before--he repeated several
+passages from memory."
+
+The "Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte," which appeared in April 1814, was on
+the whole a failure. It was known to be Lord Byron's, and its
+publication was seized upon by the press as the occasion for many bitter
+criticisms, mingled with personalities against the writer's genius and
+character. He was cut to the quick by these notices, and came to the
+determination to buy back the whole of the copyrights of his works, and
+suppress every line he had ever written. On April 29, 1814, he wrote to
+Mr. Murray:
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 29, 1814.
+
+I enclose a draft for the money; when paid, send the copyrights. I
+release you from the thousand pounds agreed on for "The Giaour" and
+"Bride," and there's an end.... For all this, it might be well to assign
+some reason. I have none to give, except my own caprice, and I do not
+consider the circumstance of consequence enough to require
+explanation.... It will give me great pleasure to preserve your
+acquaintance, and to consider you as my friend. Believe me very truly,
+and for much attention,
+
+Yours, etc.,
+
+BYRON.
+
+Mr. Murray was of course very much concerned at this decision, and
+remonstrated. Three days later Lord Byron revoked his determination. To
+Mr. Murray he wrote (May 1, 1814):
+
+"If your present note is serious, and it really would be inconvenient,
+there is an end of the matter; tear my draft, and go on as usual: in
+that case, we will recur to our former basis."
+
+Before the end of the month Lord Byron began the composition of his next
+poem, "Lara," usually considered a continuation of "The Corsair." It was
+published conjointly with Mr. Rogers's "Jacqueline." "Rogers and I,"
+said Lord Byron to Moore, "have almost coalesced into a joint invasion
+of the public. Whether it will take place or not, I do not yet know, and
+I am afraid 'Jacqueline' (which is very beautiful) will be in bad
+company. But in this case, the lady will not be the sufferer."
+
+The two poems were published anonymously in the following August (1814):
+Murray allowed 500 guineas for the copyright of each.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+MR. MURRAY'S REMOVAL TO 50, ALBEMARLE STREET
+
+We must now revert to the beginning of 1812, at which time Mr. William
+Miller, who commenced business in Bond Street in 1791, and had in 1804
+removed to 50, Albemarle Street, desired to retire from "the Trade." He
+communicated his resolve to Mr. Murray, who had some time held the
+intention of moving westward from Fleet Street, and had been on the
+point of settling in Pall Mall. Murray at once entered into an
+arrangement with Miller, and in a letter to Mr. Constable of Edinburgh
+he observed:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. A. Constable_.
+
+_May_ 1, 1812.
+
+"You will probably have heard that Miller is about to retire, and that I
+have ventured to undertake to succeed him. I had for some time
+determined upon moving, and I did not very long hesitate about accepting
+his offer. I am to take no part of his stock but such as I may deem
+expedient, and for it and the rest I shall have very long credit. How
+far it may answer, I know not; but if I can judge of my own views, I
+think it may prove an advantageous opening. Miller's retirement is very
+extraordinary, for no one in the trade will believe that he has made a
+fortune; but from what he has laid open to me, it is clear that he has
+succeeded. In this arrangement, I propose of course to dispose of my
+present house, and my medical works, with other parts of my business. I
+have two offers for it, waiting my decision as to terms.... I am to
+enter at Miller's on September 29th next." [Footnote: The Fleet Street
+business was eventually purchased by Thomas and George Underwood. It
+appears from the "Memoirs of Adam Black" that Black was for a short time
+a partner with the Underwoods. Adam Black quitted the business in 1813.
+Upon the failure of the Underwoods in 1831, Mr. Samuel Highley, son of
+Mr. Murray's former partner, took possession, and the name of Highley
+again appeared over the door.]
+
+The terms arranged with Mr. Miller were as follows: The lease of the
+house, No. 50, Albemarle Street, was purchased by Mr. Murray, together
+with the copyrights, stock, etc., for the sum of £3,822 12_s_. 6_d_.;
+Mr. Miller receiving as surety, during the time the purchase money
+remained unpaid, the copyright of "Domestic Cookery," of the _Quarterly
+Review_, and the one-fourth share in "Marmion." The debt was not finally
+paid off until the year 1821.
+
+Amongst the miscellaneous works which Mr. Murray published shortly after
+his removal to Albemarle Street were William Sotheby's translation of
+the "Georgies of Virgil"--the most perfect translation, according to
+Lord Jeffrey, of a Latin classic which exists in our language; Robert
+Bland's "Collection from the Greek Anthology"; Prince Hoare's "Epochs of
+the Arts"; Lord Glenbervie's work on the "Cultivation of Timber";
+Granville Penn's "Bioscope, or Dial of Life explained"; John Herman
+Merivale's "Orlando in Roncesvalles"; and Sir James Hall's splendid work
+on "Gothic Architecture." Besides these, there was a very important
+contribution to our literature--in the "Miscellaneous Works of Gibbon"
+in 5 volumes, for the copyright of which Mr. Murray paid Lord Sheffield
+the sum of £1,000.
+
+In 1812 he published Sir John Malcolm's "Sketch of the Sikhs," and in
+the following year Mr. Macdonald Kinneir's "Persia." Mr. D'Israeli's
+"Calamities of Authors" appeared in 1812, and Murray forwarded copies of
+the work to Scott and Southey.
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ 2,1812.
+
+I owe you best thanks for the 'Calamities of Authors,' which has all the
+entertaining and lively features of the 'Amenities of Literature.' I am
+just packing them up with a few other books for my hermitage at
+Abbotsford, where my present parlour is only 12 feet square, and my
+book-press in Lilliputian proportion. Poor Andrew Macdonald I knew in
+days of yore, and could have supplied some curious anecdotes respecting
+him. He died of a poet's consumption, viz. want of food.
+
+"The present volume of 'Somers' [Footnote: Lord Somers' "Tracts," a new
+edition in 12 volumes.] will be out immediately; with whom am I to
+correspond on this subject since the secession of Will. Miller? I shall
+be happy to hear you have succeeded to him in this department, as well
+as in Albemarle Street. What has moved Miller to retire? He is surely
+too young to have made a fortune, and it is uncommon to quit a thriving
+trade. I have had a packet half finished for Gifford this many a day."
+
+Southey expressed himself as greatly interested in the "Calamities of
+Authors," and proposed to make it the subject of an article for the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 14, 1812.
+
+"I should like to enlarge a little upon the subject of literary
+property, on which he has touched, in my opinion, with proper feeling.
+Certainly I am a party concerned. I should like to say something upon
+the absurd purposes of the Literary Fund, with its despicable
+ostentation of patronage, and to build a sort of National Academy in the
+air, in the hope that Canning might one day lay its foundation in a more
+solid manner. [Footnote: Canning had his own opinion on the subject.
+When the Royal Society of Literature was about to be established, an
+application was made to him to join the committee. He refused, for
+reasons "partly general, partly personal." He added, "I am really of
+opinion, with Dr. Johnson, that the multitudinous personage, called The
+Public, is after all, the best patron of literature and learned men."]
+And I could say something on the other side of the picture, showing that
+although literature in almost all cases is the worst trade to which a
+man can possibly betake himself, it is the best and wisest of all
+pursuits for those whose provision is already made, and of all
+amusements for those who have leisure to amuse themselves. It has long
+been my intention to leave behind me my own Memoirs, as a post-obit for
+my family--a wise intention no doubt, and one which it is not very
+prudent to procrastinate. Should this ever be completed, it would
+exhibit a case directly in contrast to D'Israeli's view of the subject.
+I chose literature for my own profession, with every advantage of
+education it is true, but under more disadvantages perhaps of any other
+kind than any of the persons in his catalogue. I have never repented the
+choice. The usual censure, ridicule, and even calumnies, which it has
+drawn on me never gave me a moment's pain; but on the other hand,
+literature has given me friends; among the best and wisest and most
+celebrated of my contemporaries it has given me distinction. If I live
+twenty years longer, I do not doubt that it will give me fortune, and if
+it pleases God to take me before my family are provided for, I doubt as
+little that in my name and in my works they will find a provision. I
+want to give you a 'Life of Wesley.' The history of the Dissenters must
+be finished by that time, and it will afford me opportunity."
+
+During the year 1813 the recklessness of the younger Ballantyne,
+combined with the formation of the incipient estate at Abbotsford, were
+weighing heavily on Walter Scott. This led to a fresh alliance with
+Constable, "in which," wrote Scott, "I am sensible he has gained a great
+advantage"; but in accordance with the agreement Constable, in return
+for a share in Scott's new works, was to relieve the Ballantynes of some
+of their heavy stock, and in May Scott was enabled "for the first time
+these many weeks to lay my head on a quiet pillow." But nothing could
+check John Ballantyne. "I sometimes fear," wrote Scott to him, "that
+between the long dates of your bills and the tardy settlements of the
+Edinburgh trade, some difficulties will occur even in June; and July I
+always regard with deep anxiety." How true this forecast proved to be is
+shown by the following letter:
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_,
+
+EDINBURGH, _July 5_, 1813.
+
+I delayed answering your favour, thinking I could have overtaken the
+"Daemonology" for the _Review_, but I had no books in the country where
+it found me, and since that Swift, who is now nearly finished, has kept
+me incessantly labouring. When that is off my hand I will have plenty of
+leisure for reviewing, though you really have no need of my assistance.
+The volume of "Somers" being now out of my hands I take the liberty to
+draw at this date as usual for £105. Now I have a favour to ask which I
+do with the more confidence because, if it is convenient and agreeable
+to you to oblige me in the matter, it will be the means of putting our
+connection as author and publisher upon its former footing, which I
+trust will not be disagreeable to you. I am making up a large sum of
+money to pay for a late purchase, and as part of my funds is secured on
+an heritable bond which cannot be exacted till Martinmas, I find myself
+some hundreds short, which the circumstances of the money market here
+renders it not so easy to supply as formerly. Now if you will oblige me
+by giving me a lift with your credit and accepting the enclosed bills,
+[Footnote: Three bills for £300 each at three, four, and six months
+respectively.] it will accommodate me particularly at this moment, and
+as I shall have ample means of putting you in cash to replace them as
+they fall due, will not, I should hope, occasion you any inconvenience.
+Longmans' house on a former occasion obliged me in this way, and I hope
+found their account in it. But I entreat you will not stand on the
+least ceremony should you think you could not oblige me without
+inconveniencing yourself. The property I have purchased cost about
+£6,000, so it is no wonder I am a little out for the moment. Will you
+have the goodness to return an answer in course of post, as, failing
+your benevolent aid, I must look about elsewhere?
+
+You will understand distinctly that I do not propose that you should
+advance any part of the money by way of loan or otherwise, but only the
+assistance of your credit, the bills being to be retired by cash
+remitted by me before they fall due.
+
+Believe me, very truly,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Mr. Murray at once replied:
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_July_ 8, 1813.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have the pleasure of returning accepted the bills which I received
+from you this morning. In thus availing myself of your confidential
+application, I trust that you will do me the justice to believe that it
+is done for kindness already received, and not with the remotest view
+towards prospective advantages. I shall at all times feel proud of being
+one of your publishers, but this must be allowed to arise solely out of
+your own feelings and convenience when the occasions shall present
+themselves. I am sufficiently content in the belief that even negative
+obstacles to our perfect confidence have now subsided.
+
+When weightier concerns permit we hope that you will again appear in our
+_Review_. In confidence I may tell you that your long silence led us to
+avail ourselves of your friend Mr. Rose's offer to review Ferriar,
+[Footnote: Dr. Ferriar on "Apparitions."] and his article is already
+printing.
+
+I will send you a new edition of the "Giaour," in which there are one or
+two stanzas added of peculiar beauty.
+
+I trust that your family are well, and remain, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+
+Within a few months of this correspondence, Scott was looking into an
+old writing-desk in search of some fishing-tackle, when his eye chanced
+to light upon the Ashestiel fragment of "Waverley," begun several years
+before. He read over the introductory chapters, and then determined to
+finish the story. It is said that he first offered it anonymously to Sir
+R. Phillips, London, who refused to publish it. "Waverley" was
+afterwards accepted by Constable & Co., and published on half profits,
+on July 7, 1814. When it came out, Murray got an early copy of the
+novel; he read it, and sent it to Mr. Canning, and wrote upon the
+title-page, "By Walter Scott." The reason why he fixed upon Scott as the
+author was as follows. When he met Ballantyne at Boroughbridge, in 1809,
+to settle some arrangements as to the works which Walter Scott proposed
+to place in his hands for publication, he remembered that among those
+works were three--1st, an edition of "Beaumont and Fletcher"; 2nd, a
+poem; and 3rd, a novel. Now, both the edition of "Beaumont and Fletcher"
+(though edited by Weber) and the poem, the "Lady of the Lake," had been
+published; and now, at last, appeared _the novel_. [Footnote: Indeed, in
+Ballantyne & Co.'s printed list of "New Works and Publications for
+1809-10," issued August 1810 (now before us), we find the following
+entry: "Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since; a novel in 3 vols. 12mo."
+The work was not, however, published until July 1814.] He was confirmed
+in his idea that Walter Scott was the author after carefully reading the
+book. Canning called on Murray next day; said he had begun it, found it
+very dull, and concluded: "You are quite mistaken; it cannot be by
+Walter Scott." But a few days later he wrote to Murray: "Yes, it is so;
+you are right: Walter Scott, and no one else."
+
+In the autumn of 1814 Mrs. Murray went to Leith by sailing-ship from the
+Thames, to visit her mother and friends in Edinburgh. She was
+accompanied by her son John and her two daughters. During her absence,
+Mr. Murray wrote to her two or three times a week, and kept her _au
+courant_ with the news of the day. In his letter of August 9 he
+intimated that he had been dining with D'Israeli, and that he afterwards
+went with him to Sadler's Wells Theatre to see the "Corsair," at which
+he was "woefully disappointed and enraged.... They have actually omitted
+his wife altogether, and made him a mere ruffian, ultimately overcome by
+the Sultan, and drowned in the New River!"
+
+Mr. Blackwood, of Edinburgh, was then in London, spending several days
+with Mr. Murray over their accounts and future arrangements. The latter
+was thinking of making a visit to Paris, in the company of his friend
+D'Israeli, during the peace which followed the exile of Napoleon to
+Elba. D'Israeli had taken a house at Brighton, from which place the
+voyagers intended to set sail, and make the passage to Dieppe in about
+fourteen hours. On August 13 Mr. Murray informs his wife that "Lord
+Byron was here yesterday, and I introduced him to Blackwood, to whom he
+was very civil. They say," he added, "that Madame de Staël has been
+ordered to quit Paris, for writing lightly respecting the Bourbons." Two
+days later he wrote to Mrs. Murray:
+
+
+_August_ 15, 1814.
+
+"I dined yesterday with D'Israeli, and in the afternoon we partly walked
+and partly rode to Islington, to drink tea with Mrs. Lindo, who, with
+Mr. L. and her family, were well pleased to see me. Mr. Cervetto was
+induced to accompany the ladies at the piano with his violoncello, which
+he did delightfully. We walked home at 10 o'clock. On Saturday we passed
+a very pleasant day at Petersham with Turner and his family....
+
+"I have got at last Mr. Eagle's 'Journal of Penrose, the Seaman,' for
+which, as you may remember, I am to pay £200 in twelve months for 1,000
+copies: too dear perhaps; but Lord Byron sent me word this morning by
+letter (for he borrowed the MS. last night): 'Penrose is most amusing. I
+never read so much of a book at one sitting in my life. He kept me up
+half the night, and made me dream of him the other half. It has all the
+air of truth, and is most entertaining and interesting in every point of
+view.'"
+
+Writing again on August 24, 1814, he says:
+
+"Lord Byron set out for Newstead on Sunday. It is finally settled to be
+his again, the proposed purchaser forfeiting £25,000. 'Lara' and
+'Jacqueline' are nearly sold off, to the extent of 6,000, which leaves
+me £130, and the certain sale of 10,000 more in the 8vo form. Mr.
+Canning called upon Gifford yesterday, and from their conversation I
+infer very favourably for my _Review_. We shall now take a decided tone
+in Politics, and we are all in one boat. Croker has gone down to the
+Prince Regent, at Brighton, where I ought to have been last night, to
+have witnessed the rejoicings and splendour of the Duke of Clarence's
+birthday. But I am ever out of luck. 'O, indolence and indecision of
+mind! if not in yourselves vices, to how much exquisite misery do you
+frequently prepare the way!' Have you come to this passage in 'Waverley'
+yet? Pray read 'Waverley'; it is excellent."
+
+On September 5, 1814, Mr. Murray communicated with Mrs. Murray as to
+the education of his son John, then six-and-a-half years old:
+
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Murray_.
+
+"I am glad that you venture to say something about the children, for it
+is only by such minutiae that I can judge of the manner in which they
+amuse or behave themselves. I really do not see the least propriety in
+leaving John, at an age when the first impressions are so deep and
+lasting, to receive the rudiments and foundation of his education in
+Scotland. If learning English, his native language, mean anything, it is
+not merely to read it correctly and understand it grammatically, but to
+speak and pronounce it like the most polished native. But how can you
+expect this to be effected, even with the aid of the best teachers, when
+everybody around him, with whom he can practise his instructions, speaks
+in a totally different manner? No! I rather think it better that he
+should go to Edinburgh after he has passed through the schools here, and
+when he is sixteen or seventeen. He should certainly go to some school
+next spring, and I most confidingly trust that you are unremitting in
+your duty to give him daily lessons of preparation, or he may be so far
+behind children of his age when he does go to school, that the derision
+he may meet there may destroy emulation. All this, however, is matter
+for serious consideration and for future consultation, in which your
+voice shall have its rightful influence...."
+
+
+Mr. Murray was under the necessity of postponing his visit to France. He
+went to Brighton instead, and spent a few pleasant days with Mr.
+D'Israeli and his friends.
+
+On September 24 Mr. Murray, having returned to London, informed his
+wife, still at Edinburgh, of an extraordinary piece of news.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Murray_.
+
+"I was much surprised to learn from Dallas, whom I accidentally met
+yesterday, that Lord Byron was expected in town every hour. I
+accordingly left my card at his house, with a notice that I would attend
+him as soon as he pleased; and it pleased him to summon my attendance
+about seven in the evening. He had come to town on business, and
+regretted that he would not be at Newstead until a fortnight, as he
+wished to have seen me there on my way to Scotland. Says he, 'Can you
+keep a secret?' 'Certainly--positively--my wife's out of town!' 'Then--I
+am going to be MARRIED!' 'The devil! I shall have no poem this winter
+then?' 'No.' 'Who is the lady who is to do me this injury?' 'Miss
+Milbanke--do you know her?' 'No, my lord.'
+
+"So here is news for you! I fancy the lady is rich, noble, and
+beautiful; but this shall be my day's business to enquire about. Oh!
+how he did curse poor Lady C---- as the fiend who had interrupted all
+his projects, and who would do so now if possible. I think he hinted
+that she had managed to interrupt this connexion two years ago. He
+thought she was abroad, and, to his torment and astonishment, he finds
+her not only in England, but in London. He says he has written some
+small poems which his friends think beautiful, particularly one of eight
+lines, his very best--all of which, I believe, I am to have; and,
+moreover, he gives me permission to publish the octavo edition of 'Lara'
+with his name, which secures, I think, £700 to you and me. So Scott's
+poem is announced ['Lord of the Isles'], and I am cut out. I wish I had
+been in Scotland six weeks ago, and I might have come in for a share.
+Should I apply for one to him, it would oblige me to be a partner with
+Constable, who is desperately in want of money. He has applied to Cadell
+& Davies (the latter told me in confidence) and they refused."
+
+
+At the beginning of October Mr. Murray set out for Edinburgh, journeying
+by Nottingham for the purpose of visiting Newstead Abbey.
+
+The following is Mr. Murray's account of his visit to Newstead. His
+letter is dated Matlock, October 5, 1814:
+
+
+"I got to Newstead about 11 o'clock yesterday and found the steward, my
+namesake, and the butler waiting for me. The first, who is good-looking
+and a respectable old man of about sixty-five years, showed me over the
+house and grounds, which occupied two hours, for I was anxious to
+examine everything. But never was I more disappointed, for my notions, I
+suppose, had been raised to the romantic. I had surmised the possibly
+easy restoration of this once famous abbey, the mere skeleton of which
+is now fast crumbling to ruin. Lord Byron's immediate predecessor
+stripped the whole place of all that was splendid and interesting; and
+you may judge of what he must have done to the mansion when inform you
+that he converted the ground, which used to be covered with the finest
+trees, like a forest, into an absolute desert. Not a tree is left
+standing, and the wood thus shamefully cut down was sold in one day for
+£60,000. The hall of entrance has about eighteen large niches, which had
+been filled with statues, and the side walls covered with family
+portraits and armour. All these have been mercilessly torn down, as well
+as the magnificent fireplace, and sold. All the beautiful paintings
+which filled the galleries--valued at that day at £80,000--have
+disappeared, and the whole place is crumbling into dust. No sum short of
+£100,000 would make the place habitable. Lord Byron's few apartments
+contain some modern upholstery, but serve only to show what ought to
+have been there. They are now digging round the cloisters for a
+traditionary cannon, and in their progress, about five days ago, they
+discovered a corpse in too decayed a state to admit of removal. I saw
+the drinking-skull [Footnote: When the father of the present Mr. Murray
+was a student in Edinburgh, he wrote to his father (April 10,1827): "I
+saw yesterday at a jeweller's shop in Edinburgh a great curiosity, no
+less than Lord Byron's skull cup, upon which he wrote the poem. It is
+for sale; the owner, whose name I could not learn (it appears he does
+not wish it known), wants £200 for it."] and the marble mausoleum erected
+over Lord Byron's dog. I came away with my heart aching and full of
+melancholy reflections--producing a lowness of spirits which I did not
+get the better of until this morning, when the most enchanting scenery I
+have ever beheld has at length restored me. I am far more surprised that
+Lord Byron should ever have lived at Newstead, than that he should be
+inclined to part with it; for, as there is no possibility of his being
+able, by any reasonable amount of expense, to reinstate it, the place
+can present nothing but a perpetual memorial of the wickedness of his
+ancestors. There are three, or at most four, domestics at board wages.
+All that I was asked to taste was a piece of bread-and-butter. As my
+foot was on the step of the chaise, when about to enter it, I was
+informed that his lordship had ordered that I should take as much game
+as I liked. What makes the steward, Joe Murray, an interesting object to
+me, is that the old man has seen the abbey in all its vicissitudes of
+greatness and degradation. Once it was full of unbounded hospitality and
+splendour, and now it is simply miserable. If this man has feelings--of
+which, by the way, he betrays no symptom--he would possibly be miserable
+himself. He has seen three hundred of the first people in the county
+filling the gallery, and seen five hundred deer disporting themselves in
+the beautiful park, now covered with stunted offshoots of felled trees.
+Again I say it gave me the heartache to witness all this ruin, and I
+regret that my romantic picture has been destroyed by the reality."
+
+
+Among the friends that welcomed Mr. Murray to Edinburgh was Mr. William
+Blackwood, who then, and for a long time after, was closely connected
+with him in his business transactions. Blackwood was a native of
+Edinburgh; having served his apprenticeship with Messrs. Bell &
+Bradfute, booksellers, he was selected by Mundell & Company to take
+charge of a branch of their extensive publishing business in Glasgow. He
+returned to Edinburgh, and again entered the service of Bell et
+Bradfute; but after a time went to London to master the secrets of the
+old book trade under the well-known Mr. Cuthill. Returning to Edinburgh,
+he set up for himself in 1804, at the age of twenty-eight, at a shop in
+South Bridge Street--confining himself, for the most part, to old books.
+He was a man of great energy and decision of character, and his early
+education enabled him to conduct his correspondence with a remarkable
+degree of precision and accuracy. Mr. Murray seems to have done business
+with him as far back as June 1807, and was in the habit of calling upon
+Blackwood, who was about his own age, whenever he visited Edinburgh. The
+two became intimate, and corresponded frequently; and at last, when
+Murray withdrew from the Ballantynes, in August 1810 he transferred the
+whole of his Scottish agency to the house of William Blackwood. In
+return for the publishing business sent to him from London, Blackwood
+made Murray his agent for any new works published by him in Edinburgh.
+In this way Murray became the London publisher for Hogg's new poems, and
+"The Queen's Wake," which had reached its fourth edition.
+
+Mr. Murray paid at this time another visit to Abbotsford. Towards the
+end of 1814 Scott had surrounded the original farmhouse with a number of
+buildings--kitchen, laundry, and spare bedrooms--and was able to
+entertain company. He received Murray with great cordiality, and made
+many enquiries as to Lord Byron, to whom Murray wrote on his return to
+London:
+
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+"Walter Scott commissioned me to be the bearer of his warmest greetings
+to you. His house was full the day I passed with him; and yet, both in
+corners and at the surrounded table, he talked incessantly of you.
+Unwilling that I should part without bearing some mark of his love (a
+poet's love) for you, he gave me a superb Turkish dagger to present to
+you, as the only remembrance which, at the moment, he could think of to
+offer you. He was greatly pleased with the engraving of your portrait,
+which I recollected to carry with me; and during the whole dinner--when
+all were admiring the taste with which Scott had fitted up a sort of
+Gothic cottage--he expressed his anxious wishes that you might honour
+him with a visit, which I ventured to assure him you would feel no less
+happy than certain in effecting when you should go to Scotland; and I am
+sure he would hail your lordship as 'a very brother.'"
+
+
+After all his visits had been paid, and he had made his arrangements
+with his printers and publishers, Mr. Murray returned to London with his
+wife and family. Shortly after his arrival he received a letter from Mr.
+Blackwood.
+
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_November 8_, 1814.
+
+"I was much gratified by your letter informing me of your safe arrival.
+How much you must be overwhelmed just now, and your mind distracted by
+so many calls upon your attention at once. I hope that you are now in
+one of your best frames of mind, by which you are enabled, as you have
+told me, to go through, with more satisfaction to yourself, ten times
+the business you can do at other times. While you are so occupied with
+your great concerns, I feel doubly obliged to you for your remembrance
+of my small matters."
+
+
+After referring to his illness, he proceeds:
+
+
+"Do not reflect upon your visit to the bard (Walter Scott). You would
+have blamed yourself much more if you had not gone. The advance was made
+by him through Ballantyne, and you only did what was open and candid. We
+shall be at the bottom of these peoples' views by-and-bye; at present I
+confess I only see very darkly--but let us have patience; a little time
+will develop all these mysteries. I have not seen Ballantyne since, and
+when I do see him I shall say very little indeed. If there really is a
+disappointment in not being connected with Scott's new poem, you should
+feel it much less than any man living--having such a poet as Lord
+Byron."
+
+
+Although Murray failed to obtain an interest in "The Lady of the Lake,"
+he was offered and accepted, at Scott's desire, a share in a new edition
+of "Don Roderick."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MURRAY'S DRAWING-ROOM--BYRON AND SCOTT--WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1815
+
+
+During Mrs. Murray's absence in Edinburgh, the dwelling-house at 50,
+Albemarle Street was made over to the carpenters, painters, and house
+decorators. "I hope," said Mr. Murray to his wife, "to leave the
+drawing-room entirely at your ladyship's exclusive command." But the
+drawing-room was used for other purposes than the reception of ordinary
+visitors. It became for some time the centre of literary friendship and
+intercommunication at the West End. In those days there was no Athenaeum
+Club for the association of gentlemen known for their literary,
+artistic, or scientific attainments. That institution was only
+established in 1823, through the instrumentality of Croker, Lawrence,
+Chantrey, Sir Humphry Davy, and their friends. Until then, Murray's
+drawing-room was the main centre of literary intercourse in that quarter
+of London. Men of distinction, from the Continent and America, presented
+their letters of introduction to Mr. Murray, and were cordially and
+hospitably entertained by him; meeting, in the course of their visits,
+many distinguished and notable personages.
+
+In these rooms, early in 1815, young George Ticknor, from Boston, in
+America, then only twenty-three, met Moore, Campbell, D'Israeli,
+Gifford, Humphry Davy, and others. He thus records his impressions of
+Gifford:
+
+"Among other persons, I brought letters to Gifford, the satirist, but
+never saw him till yesterday. Never was I so mistaken in my
+anticipations. Instead of a tall and handsome man, as I had supposed him
+from his picture--a man of severe and bitter remarks in conversation,
+such as I had good reason to believe him from his books, I found him a
+short, deformed, and ugly little man, with a large head sunk between
+his shoulders, and one of his eyes turned outward, but withal, one of
+the best-natured, most open and well-bred gentlemen I have ever met. He
+is editor of the _Quarterly Review_, and was not a little surprised and
+pleased to hear that it was reprinted with us, which I told him, with an
+indirect allusion to the review of 'Inchiquen's United States.'.... He
+carried me to a handsome room over Murray's book-store, which he has
+fitted up as a sort of literary lounge, where authors resort to read
+newspapers, and talk literary gossip. I found there Elmsley, Hallam,
+Lord Byron's 'Classic Hallam, much renowned for Greek,' now as famous as
+being one of his lordship's friends, Boswell, a son of Johnson's
+biographer, etc., so that I finished a long forenoon very pleasantly."
+[Footnote: "Life, Letters, and Journal of George Ticknor," i. 48.]
+
+The following letter and Ticknor's reference to Gifford only confirm the
+testimony of all who knew him that in private life the redoubtable
+editor and severe critic was an amiable and affectionate man.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_,
+
+JAMES STREET, _October_ 20, 1814.
+
+My DEAR SIR,
+
+What can I say in return for your interesting and amusing letter? I live
+here quite alone, and see nobody, so that I have not a word of news for
+you. I delight in your visit to Scotland, which I am sure would turn to
+good, and which I hope you will, as you say, periodically repeat. It
+makes me quite happy to find you beating up for recruits, and most
+ardently do I wish you success. Mention me kindly to Scott, and tell him
+how much I long to renew our wonted acquaintance. Southey's article is,
+I think, excellent. I have softened matters a little. Barrow is hard at
+work on Flinders [_Q. R_. 23]. I have still a most melancholy house. My
+poor housekeeper is going fast. Nothing can save her, and I lend all my
+care to soften her declining days. She has a physician every second day,
+and takes a world of medicines, more for their profit than her own, poor
+thing. She lives on fruit, grapes principally, and a little game, which
+is the only food she can digest. Guess at my expenses; but I owe in some
+measure the extension of my feeble life to her care through a long
+succession of years, and I would cheerfully divide my last farthing with
+her. I will not trouble you again on this subject, which is a mere
+concern of my own; but you have been very kind to her, and she is
+sensible of it."
+
+
+With respect to this worthy woman, it may be added that she died on
+February 6, 1815, carefully waited on to the last by her affectionate
+master. She was buried in South Audley Churchyard, where Gifford erected
+a tomb over her, and placed on it a very touching epitaph, concluding
+with these words: "Her deeply-affected master erected this stone to her
+memory, as a faithful testimony of her uncommon worth, and of his
+gratitude, respect, and affection for her long and meritorious
+services." [Footnote: It will serve to connect the narrative with one of
+the famous literary quarrels of the day, if we remind the reader that
+Hazlitt published a cruel and libellous pamphlet in 1819, entitled "A
+Letter to William Gifford," in which he hinted that some improper
+connection had subsisted between himself and his "frail memorial."
+Hazlitt wrote this pamphlet because of a criticism on the "Round Table"
+in the _Quarterly_, which Gifford did not write, and of a criticism of
+Hunt's "Rimini," published by Mr. Murray, which was also the work of
+another writer. But Gifford never took any notice of these libellous
+attacks upon him. He held that secrecy between himself and the
+contributors to the _Quarterly_ was absolutely necessary. Hazlitt, in
+the above pamphlet, also attacks Murray, Croker, Canning, Southey, and
+others whom he supposed to be connected with the _Review_.]
+
+Murray's own description of his famous drawing-room may also be given,
+from a letter to a relative:
+
+
+"I have lately ventured on the bold step of quitting the old
+establishment to which I have been so long attached, and have moved to
+one of the best, in every respect, that is known in my business, where I
+have succeeded in a manner the most complete and flattering. My house is
+excellent; and I transact all the departments of my business in an
+elegant library, which my drawing-room becomes during the morning; and
+there I am in the habit of seeing persons of the highest rank in
+literature and talent, such as Canning, Frere, Mackintosh, Southey,
+Campbell, Walter Scott, Madame de Staël, Gifford, Croker, Barrow, Lord
+Byron, and others; thus leading the most delightful life, with means of
+prosecuting my business with the highest honour and emolument."
+
+
+It was in Murray's drawing-room that Walter Scott and Lord Byron first
+met. They had already had some friendly intercourse by letter and had
+exchanged gifts, but in the early part of 1815 Scott was summoned to
+London on matters connected with his works. Mr. Murray wrote to Lord
+Byron on April 7:
+
+
+"Walter Scott has this moment arrived, and will call to-day between
+three and four, for the chance of having the pleasure of seeing you
+before he sets out for Scotland. I will show you a beautiful caricature
+of Buonaparte."
+
+Lord Byron called at the hour appointed, and was at once introduced to
+Mr. Scott, who was in waiting. They greeted each other in the most
+affectionate manner, and entered into a cordial conversation. How
+greatly Mr. Murray was gratified by a meeting which he had taken such
+pains to bring about, is shown by the following memorandum carefully
+preserved by him:
+
+"1815. _Friday, April_ 7.--This day Lord Byron and Walter Scott met for
+the first time and were introduced by me to each other. They conversed
+together for nearly two hours. There were present, at different times,
+Mr. William Gifford, James Boswell (son of the biographer of Johnson),
+William Sotheby, Robert Wilmot, Richard Heber, and Mr. Dusgate."
+
+Mr. Murray's son--then John Murray, Junior--gives his recollections as
+follows:
+
+"I can recollect seeing Lord Byron in Albemarle Street. So far as I can
+remember, he appeared to me rather a short man, with a handsome
+countenance, remarkable for the fine blue veins which ran over his pale,
+marble temples. He wore many rings on his fingers, and a brooch in his
+shirt-front, which was embroidered. When he called, he used to be
+dressed in a black dress-coat (as we should now call it), with grey, and
+sometimes nankeen trousers, his shirt open at the neck. Lord Byron's
+deformity in his foot was very evident, especially as he walked
+downstairs. He carried a stick. After Scott and he had ended their
+conversation in the drawing-room, it was a curious sight to see the two
+greatest poets of the age--both lame--stumping downstairs side by side.
+They continued to meet in Albemarle Street nearly every day, and
+remained together for two or three hours at a time. Lord Byron dined
+several times at Albemarle Street, On one of these occasions, he met Sir
+John Malcolm--a most agreeable and accomplished man--who was all the
+more interesting to Lord Byron, because of his intimate knowledge of
+Persia and India. After dinner, Sir John observed to Lord Byron, how
+much gratified he had been to meet him, and how surprised he was to find
+him so full of gaiety and entertaining conversation. Byron replied,
+'Perhaps you see me now at my best.' Sometimes, though not often, Lord
+Byron read passages from his poems to my father. His voice and manner
+were very impressive. His voice, in the deeper tones, bore some
+resemblance to that of Mrs. Siddons."
+
+Shortly before this first interview between Scott and Byron the news had
+arrived that Bonaparte had escaped from Elba, and landed at Cannes on
+March 1, 1815.
+
+A few days before--indeed on the day the battle was fought--Blackwood
+gave great praise to the new number of the _Quarterly_, containing the
+contrast of Bonaparte and Wellington. It happened that Southey wrote the
+article in No. 25, on the "Life and Achievements of Lord Wellington," in
+order to influence public opinion as much as possible, and to encourage
+the hearts of men throughout the country for the great contest about to
+take place in the Low Countries. About the same time Sir James
+Mackintosh had written an able and elaborate article for the
+_Edinburgh_, to show that the war ought to have been avoided, and that
+the consequences to England could only be unfortunate and inglorious.
+The number was actually printed, stitched, and ready for distribution in
+June; but it was thought better to wait a little, for fear of accidents,
+and especially for the purpose of using it instantly after the first
+reverse should occur, and thus to give it the force of prophecy. The
+Battle of Waterloo came like a thunderclap. The article was suppressed,
+and one on "Gall and his Craniology" substituted. "I think," says
+Ticknor, "Southey said he had seen the repudiated article." [Footnote:
+"Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor "(2nd ed.), i. p. 41.]
+
+Lord Byron did not write another "Ode on Napoleon." He was altogether
+disappointed in his expectations. Nevertheless, he still, like Hazlitt,
+admired Napoleon, and hated Wellington. When he heard of the result of
+the Battle of Waterloo, and that Bonaparte was in full retreat upon
+Paris, he said, "I'm d----d sorry for it!"
+
+Mr. Murray, about this time, began to adorn his dining-room with
+portraits of the distinguished men who met at his table. His portraits
+include those of Gifford, [Footnote: This portrait was not painted for
+Mr. Murray, but was purchased by him.] by Hoppner, R.A.; Byron and
+Southey, by Phillips; Scott and Washington Irving, by Stewart Newton;
+Croker, by Eddis, after Lawrence; Coleridge, Crabbe, Mrs. Somerville,
+Hallam, T. Moore, Lockhart, and others. In April 1815 we find Thomas
+Phillips, afterwards R.A., in communication with Mr. Murray, offering to
+paint for him a series of Kit-cat size at eighty guineas each, and in
+course of time his pictures, together with those of John Jackson, R.A.,
+formed a most interesting gallery of the great literary men of the
+time, men and women of science, essayists, critics, Arctic voyagers, and
+discoverers in the regions of Central Africa.
+
+Byron and Southey were asked to sit for their portraits to Phillips.
+Though Byron was willing, and even thought it an honour, Southey
+pretended to grumble. To Miss Barker he wrote (November 9, 1815):
+
+
+"Here, in London, I can find time for nothing; and, to make things
+worse, the Devil, who owes me an old grudge, has made me sit to Phillips
+for a picture for Murray. I have in my time been tormented in this
+manner so often, and to such little purpose, that I am half tempted to
+suppose the Devil was the inventor of portrait painting."
+
+
+Meanwhile Mr. Murray was again in treaty for a share in a further work
+by Walter Scott. No sooner was the campaign of 1815 over, than a host of
+tourists visited France and the Low Countries, and amongst them Murray
+succeeded in making his long-intended trip to Paris, and Scott set out
+to visit the battlefields in Belgium. Before departing, Scott made an
+arrangement with John Ballantyne to publish the results of his travels,
+and he authorized him to offer the work to Murray, Constable, and the
+Longmans, in equal shares.
+
+In 1815 a very remarkable collection of documents was offered to Mr.
+Murray for purchase and publication. They were in the possession of one
+of Napoleon's generals, a friend of Miss Waldie. [Footnote: Afterwards
+Mrs. Eaton, author of "Letters from Italy."] The collection consisted of
+the personal correspondence of Bonaparte, when in the height of his
+power, with all the crowned heads and leading personages of Europe, upon
+subjects so strictly confidential that they had not even been
+communicated to their own ministers or private secretaries. They were
+consequently all written by their own hands.
+
+As regards the contents of these letters, Mr. Murray had to depend upon
+his memory, after making a hurried perusal of them. He was not allowed
+to copy any of them, but merely took a rough list. No record was kept of
+the dates. Among them was a letter from the King of Bavaria, urging his
+claims as a true and faithful ally, and claiming for his reward the
+dominion of Wurtemberg.
+
+There were several letters from the Prussian Royal family, including
+one from the King, insinuating that by the cession of Hanover to him his
+territorial frontier would be rendered more secure. The Emperor Paul, in
+a letter written on a small scrap of paper, proposed to transfer his
+whole army to Napoleon, to be employed in turning the English out of
+India, provided he would prevent them passing the Gut and enclosing the
+Baltic.
+
+The Empress of Austria wrote an apology for the uncultivated state of
+mind of her daughter, Marie Louise, about to become Napoleon's bride;
+but added that her imperfect education presented the advantage of
+allowing Napoleon to mould her opinions and principles in accordance
+with his own views and wishes.
+
+This correspondence would probably have met with an immense sale, but
+Mr. Murray entertained doubts as to the propriety of publishing
+documents so confidential, and declined to purchase them for the sum
+proposed. The next day, after his refusal, he ascertained that Prince
+Lieven had given, on behalf of his government, not less than £10,000 for
+the letters emanating from the Court of Russia alone. Thus the public
+missed the perusal of an important series of international scandals.
+
+In December 1815 Mr. Murray published "Emma" for Miss Jane Austen, and
+so connected his name with another English classic. Miss Austen's first
+novel had been "Northanger Abbey." It remained long in manuscript, and
+eventually she had succeeded in selling it to a bookseller at Bath for
+£10. He had not the courage to publish it, and after it had remained in
+his possession for some years, Miss Austen bought it back for the same
+money he had paid for it. She next wrote "Sense and Sensibility," and
+"Pride and Prejudice." The latter book was summarily rejected by Mr.
+Cadell. At length these two books were published anonymously by Mr.
+Egerton, and though they did not make a sensation, they gradually
+attracted attention and obtained admirers. No one could be more
+surprised than the authoress, when she received no less than £150 from
+the profits of her first published work--"Sense and Sensibility."
+
+When Miss Austen had finished "Emma," she put herself in communication
+with Mr. Murray, who read her "Pride and Prejudice," and sent it to
+Gifford. Gifford replied as follows:
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I have for the first time looked into 'Pride and Prejudice'; and it is
+really a very pretty thing. No dark passages; no secret chambers; no
+wind-howlings in long galleries; no drops of blood upon a rusty
+dagger--things that should now be left to ladies' maids and sentimental
+washerwomen."
+
+
+In a later letter he said:
+
+
+_September_ 29, 1815.
+
+"I have read 'Pride and Prejudice' _again_--'tis very good--wretchedly
+printed, and so pointed as to be almost unintelligible. Make no apology
+for sending me anything to read or revise. I am always happy to do
+either, in the thought that it may be useful to you.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Of 'Emma,' I have nothing but good to say. I was sure of the writer
+before you mentioned her. The MS., though plainly written, has yet some,
+indeed many little omissions; and an expression may now and then be
+amended in passing through the press. I will readily undertake the
+revision."
+
+
+Miss Austen's two other novels, "Northanger Abbey" and "Persuasion,"
+were also published by Murray, but did not appear until after her death
+in 1818. The profits of the four novels which had been published before
+her death did not amount to more than seven hundred pounds.
+
+Mr. Murray also published the works of Mr. Malthus on "Rent," the "Corn
+Laws," and the "Essay on Population." His pamphlet on Rent appeared in
+March 1815.
+
+Murray's correspondence with Scott continued. On December 25, 1815, he
+wrote:
+
+
+"I was about to tell you that Croker was so pleased with the idea of a
+Caledonian article from you, that he could not refrain from mentioning
+it to the Prince Regent, who is very fond of the subject, and he said he
+would be delighted, and is really anxious about it. Now, it occurs to
+me, as our _Edinburgh_ friends choose on many occasions to bring in the
+Prince's name to abuse it, this might offer an equally fair opportunity
+of giving him that praise which is so justly due to his knowledge of the
+history of his country....
+
+"I was with Lord Byron yesterday. He enquired after you, and bid me say
+how much he was indebted to your introduction of your poor Irish friend
+Maturin, who had sent him a tragedy, which Lord Byron received late in
+the evening, and read through, without being able to stop. He was so
+delighted with it that he sent it immediately to his fellow-manager, the
+Hon. George Lamb, who, late as it came to him, could not go to bed
+without finishing it. The result is that they have laid it before the
+rest of the Committee; they, or rather Lord Byron, feels it his duty to
+the author to offer it himself to the managers of Covent Garden. The
+poor fellow says in his letter that his hope of subsistence for his
+family for the next year rests upon what he can get for this play. I
+expressed a desire of doing something, and Lord Byron then confessed
+that he had sent him fifty guineas. I shall write to him tomorrow, and I
+think if you could draw some case for him and exhibit his merits,
+particularly if his play succeeds, I could induce Croker and Peel to
+interest themselves in his behalf, and get him a living.
+
+".... Have you any fancy to dash off an article on 'Emma'? It wants
+incident and romance, does it not? None of the author's other novels
+have been noticed, and surely 'Pride and Prejudice' merits high
+commendation."
+
+Scott immediately complied with Murray's request. He did "dash off an
+article on 'Emma,'" which appeared in No. 27 of the _Quarterly_. In
+enclosing his article to Murray, Scott wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1816.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+Enclosed is the article upon "Emma." I have been spending my holidays in
+the country, where, besides constant labour in the fields during all the
+hours of daylight, the want of books has prevented my completing the
+Highland article. (The "Culloden Papers," which appeared in next
+number.) It will be off, however, by Tuesday's post, as I must take
+Sunday and Monday into the account of finishing it. It will be quite
+unnecessary to send proofs of "Emma," as Mr. Gifford will correct all
+obvious errors, and abridge it where necessary.
+
+_January_, 25, 1816.
+
+"My article is so long that I fancy you will think yourself in the
+condition of the conjuror, who after having a great deal of trouble in
+raising the devil, could not get rid of him after he had once made his
+appearance. But the Highlands is an immense field, and it would have
+been much more easy for me to have made a sketch twice as long than to
+make it shorter. There still wants eight or nine pages, which you will
+receive by tomorrow's or next day's post; but I fancy you will be glad
+to get on."
+
+The article on the "Culloden Papers," which occupied fifty pages of the
+_Review_ (No. 28), described the clans of the Highlands, their number,
+manners, and habits; and gave a summary history of the Rebellion of '45.
+It was graphically and vigorously written, and is considered one of
+Scott's best essays.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS--CHARLES MATURIN--S.T. COLERIDGE--LEIGH HUNT
+
+
+Scott's "poor Irish friend Maturin," referred to in the previous
+chapter, was a young Irish clergyman, who was under the necessity of
+depending upon his brains and pen for the maintenance of his family.
+Charles Maturin, after completing his course of education at Trinity
+College, married Miss Harriet Kinsburg. His family grew, but not his
+income. He took orders, and obtained the curacy of St. Peter's Church,
+Dublin, but owing to his father's affairs having become embarrassed, he
+was compelled to open a boarding-school, with the view of assisting the
+family. Unfortunately, he became bound for a friend, who deceived him,
+and eventually he was obliged to sacrifice his interest in the school.
+Being thus driven to extremities, he tried to live by literature, and
+produced "The Fatal Revenge; or, the Family of Montorio," the first of a
+series of romances, in which he outdid Mrs. Radcliffe and Monk Lewis.
+"The Fatal Revenge" was followed by "The Wild Irish Boy," for which
+Colburn gave him £80, and "The Milesian Chief," all full of horrors and
+misty grandeur. These works did not bring him in much money; but, in
+1815, he determined to win the height of dramatic fame in his "Bertram;
+or, the Castle of St. Aldebrand," a tragedy. He submitted the drama to
+Walter Scott, as from an "obscure Irishman," telling him of his
+sufferings as an author and the father of a family, and imploring his
+kind opinion. Scott replied in the most friendly manner, gave him much
+good advice, spoke of the work as "grand and powerful, the characters
+being sketched with masterly enthusiasm"; and, what was practically
+better, sent him £50 as a token of his esteem and sympathy, and as a
+temporary stop-gap until better times came round. He moreover called the
+attention of Lord Byron, then on the Committee of Management of Drury
+Lane Theatre, to the play, and his Lordship strongly recommended a
+performance of it. Thanks to the splendid acting of Kean, it succeeded,
+and Maturin realized about £1,000.
+
+"Bertram" was published by Murray, a circumstance which brought him into
+frequent communication with the unfortunate Maturin. The latter offered
+more plays, more novels, and many articles for the _Quarterly_. With
+reference to one of his articles--a review of Sheil's "Apostate"
+--Gifford said, "A more potatoe-headed arrangement, or rather
+derangement, I have never seen. I have endeavoured to bring some order
+out of the chaos. There is a sort of wild eloquence in it that makes it
+worth preserving."
+
+Maturin continued to press his literary work on Murray, who however,
+though he relieved him by the gift of several large sums of money,
+declined all further offers of publication save the tragedy of "Manuel."
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_March_ 15, 1817.
+
+"Maturin's new tragedy, 'Manuel,' appeared on Saturday last, and I am
+sorry to say that the opinion of Mr. Gifford was established by the
+impression made on the audience. The first act very fine, the rest
+exhibiting a want of judgment not to be endured. It was brought out with
+uncommon splendour, and was well acted. Kean's character as an old
+man--a warrior--was new and well sustained, for he had, of course,
+selected it, and professed to be--and he acted as if he were--really
+pleased with it.... I have undertaken to print the tragedy at my own
+expense, and to give the poor Author the whole of the profit."
+
+In 1824 Maturin died, in Dublin, in extreme poverty.
+
+The following correspondence introduces another great name in English
+literature. It is not improbable that it was Southey who suggested to
+Murray the employment of his brother-in-law, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
+from his thorough knowledge of German, as the translator of Goethe's
+"Faust." The following is Mr. Coleridge's first letter to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+JOSIAH WADE'S, Esq., 2, QUEEN'S SQUARE, BRISTOL. _[August_ 23, 1814.]
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have heard, from my friend Mr. Charles Lamb, writing by desire of Mr.
+Robinson, that you wish to have the justly-celebrated "Faust" of Goethe
+translated, and that some one or other of my partial friends have
+induced you to consider me as the man most likely to execute the work
+adequately, those excepted, of course, whose higher power (established
+by the solid and satisfactory ordeal of the wide and rapid sale of their
+works) it might seem profanation to employ in any other manner than in
+the development of their own intellectual organization. I return my
+thanks to the recommender, whoever he be, and no less to you for your
+flattering faith in the recommendation; and thinking, as I do, that
+among many volumes of praiseworthy German poems, the "Louisa" of Voss,
+and the "Faust" of Goethe, are the two, if not the only ones, that are
+emphatically _original_ in their conception, and characteristic of a new
+and peculiar sort of thinking and imagining, I should not be averse from
+exerting my best efforts in an attempt to import whatever is importable
+of either or of both into our own language.
+
+But let me not be suspected of a presumption of which I am not
+consciously guilty, if I say that I feel two difficulties; one arising
+from long disuse of versification, added to what I know, better than the
+most hostile critic could inform me, of my comparative weakness; and the
+other, that _any_ work in Poetry strikes me with more than common awe,
+as proposed for realization by myself, because from long habits of
+meditation on language, as the symbolic medium of the connection of
+Thought with Thought, and of Thoughts as affected and modified by
+Passion and Emotion, I should spend days in avoiding what I deemed
+faults, though with the full preknowledge that their admission would not
+have offended perhaps three of all my readers, and might be deemed
+Beauties by 300--if so many there were; and this not out of any respect
+for the Public (_i.e._ the persons who might happen to purchase and look
+over the Book), but from a hobby-horsical, superstitious regard to my
+own feelings and sense of Duty. Language is the sacred Fire in this
+Temple of Humanity, and the Muses are its especial and vestal
+Priestesses. Though I cannot prevent the vile drugs and counterfeit
+Frankincense, which render its flame at once pitchy, glowing, and
+unsteady, I would yet be no voluntary accomplice in the Sacrilege. With
+the commencement of a PUBLIC, commences the degradation of the GOOD and
+the BEAUTIFUL--both fade and retire before the accidentally AGREEABLE.
+"Othello" becomes a hollow lip-worship; and the "CASTLE SPECTRE," or any
+more recent thing of Froth, Noise, and Impermanence, that may have
+overbillowed it on the restless sea of curiosity, is the _true_ Prayer
+of Praise and Admiration.
+
+I thought it right to state to you these opinions of mine, that you
+might know that I think the Translation of the "Faust" a task demanding
+(from _me_, I mean), no ordinary efforts--and why? This--that it is
+painful, very painful, and even odious to me, to attempt anything of a
+literary nature, with any motive of _pecuniary_ advantage; but that I
+bow to the all-wise Providence, which has made me a _poor_ man, and
+therefore compelled me by other duties inspiring feelings, to bring
+_even my Intellect to the Market_. And the finale is this. I should like
+to attempt the Translation. If you will mention your terms, at once and
+irrevocably (for I am an idiot at bargaining, and shrink from the very
+thought), I will return an answer by the next Post, whether in my
+present circumstances, I can or cannot undertake it. If I do, I will do
+it immediately; but I must have all Goethe's works, which I cannot
+procure in Bristol; for to give the "Faust" without a preliminary
+critical Essay would be worse than nothing, as far as regards the
+PUBLIC. If you were to ask me as a Friend, whether I think it would suit
+_the General Taste_, I should reply that I cannot calculate on caprice
+and accident (for instance, some fashionable man or review happening to
+take it up favourably), but that otherwise my fears would be stronger
+than my hopes. Men of genius will admire it, of necessity. Those most,
+who think deepest and most imaginatively. The "Louisa" would delight
+_all_ of good hearts.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, With due respect, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+To this letter Mr. Murray replied as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Coleridge_.
+
+_August_ 29, 1814.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I feel greatly obliged by the favour of your attention to the request
+which I had solicited our friend Mr. Robinson to make to you for the
+translation of Goethe's extraordinary drama of "Faust," which I suspect
+that no one could do justice to besides yourself. It will be the first
+attempt to render into classical English a German work of peculiar but
+certainly of unquestionable Genius; and you must allow that its effects
+upon the public must be doubtful. I am desirous however of making the
+experiment, and this I would not do under a less skilful agent than the
+one to whom I have applied. I am no less anxious that you should
+receive, as far as I think the thing can admit, a fair remuneration; and
+trusting that you will not undertake it unless you feel disposed to
+execute the labour perfectly _con amore_, and in a style of
+versification equal to "Remorse," I venture to propose to you the sum of
+One Hundred Pounds for the Translation and the preliminary Analysis,
+with such passages translated as you may judge proper of the works of
+Goethe, with a copy of which I will have the pleasure of supplying you
+as soon as I have your final determination. The sum which I mention
+shall be paid to you in two months from the day on which you place the
+complete Translation and Analysis in my hands; this will allow a
+reasonable time for your previous correction of the sheets through the
+press. I shall be glad to hear from you by return of Post, if
+convenient, as I propose to set out this week for the Continent. If this
+work succeeds, I am in hopes that it will lead to many similar
+undertakings.
+
+With sincere esteem, I am, dear Sir, Your faithful Servant, J. Murray
+
+I should hope that it might not prove inconvenient to you to complete
+the whole for Press in the course of November next.
+
+Mr. Coleridge replied as follows, from the same address:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 31, 1814.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have received your letter. Considering the necessary labour, and (from
+the questionable nature of the original work, both as to its fair claims
+to Fame--the diction of the good and wise according to unchanging
+principles--and as to its chance for Reputation, as an accidental result
+of local and temporary taste), the risk of character on the part of the
+Translator, who will assuredly have to answer for any disappointment of
+the reader, the terms proposed are humiliatingly low; yet such as, under
+modifications, I accede to. I have received testimonials from men not
+merely of genius according to my belief, but of the highest accredited
+reputation, that my translation of "Wallenstein" was in language and in
+metre superior to the original, and the parts most admired were
+substitutions of my own, on a principle of compensation. Yet the whole
+work went for waste-paper. I was abused--nay, my own remarks in the
+Preface were transferred to a Review, as the Reviewer's sentiments
+_against_ me, without even a hint that he had copied them from my own
+Preface. Such was the fate of "Wallenstein"! And yet I dare appeal to
+any number of men of Genius--say, for instance, Mr. W. Scott, Mr.
+Southey, Mr. Wordsworth, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Sotheby, Sir G. Beaumont, etc.,
+whether the "Wallenstein" with all its defects (and it has grievous
+defects), is not worth all Schiller's other plays put together. But I
+wonder not. It was _too_ good, and not good enough; and the advice of
+the younger Pliny: "Aim at pleasing either _all_, or _the few,"_ is as
+prudentially good as it is philosophically accurate. I wrote to Mr.
+Longman before the work was published, and foretold its fate, even to a
+detailed accuracy, and advised him to put up with the loss from the
+purchase of the MSS and of the Translation, as a much less evil than the
+publication. I went so far as to declare that its success was, in the
+state of public Taste, impossible; that the enthusiastic admirers of
+"The Robbers," "Cabal and Love," etc., would lay the blame on me; and
+that he himself would suspect that if he had only lit on _another_
+Translator then, etc. Everything took place as I had foretold, even his
+own feelings--so little do Prophets gain from the fulfilment of their
+Prophecies!
+
+On the other hand, though I know that executed as alone I can or dare do
+it--that is, to the utmost of my power (for which the intolerable Pain,
+nay the far greater Toil and Effort of doing otherwise, is a far safer
+Pledge than any solicitude on my part concerning the approbation of the
+PUBLIC), the translation of so very difficult a work as the "Faustus,"
+will be most inadequately remunerated by the terms you propose; yet they
+very probably are the highest it may be worth your while to offer to
+_me_. I say this as a philosopher; for, though I have now been much
+talked of, and written of, for evil and not for good, but for suspected
+capability, yet none of my works have ever sold. The "Wallenstein" went
+to the waste. The "Remorse," though acted twenty times, rests quietly on
+the shelves in the second edition, with copies enough for seven years'
+consumption, or seven times seven. I lost £200 by the non-payment, from
+forgetfulness, and under various pretences, by "The Friend"; [Footnote:
+Twenty-seven numbers of _The Friend_ were published by Coleridge at
+Penrith in Cumberland in 1809-10, but the periodical proved a failure,
+principally from the irregularity of its appearance. It was about this
+time that he was addicted to opium-eating.] and for my poems I _did_ get
+from £10 to £15. And yet, forsooth, the _Quarterly Review_ attacks me
+for neglecting and misusing my powers! I do not quarrel with the
+Public--all is as it must be--but surely the Public (if there be such a
+Person) has no right to quarrel with _me_ for not getting into jail by
+publishing what they will not read!
+
+The "Faust," you perhaps know, is only a _Fragment_. Whether Goethe ever
+will finish it, or whether it is ever his object to do so, is quite
+unknown. A large proportion of the work cannot be rendered in blank
+verse, but must be given in wild _lyrical_ metres; and Mr. Lamb informs
+me that the Baroness de Staël has given a very unfavourable account of
+the work. Still, however, I will undertake it, and that instantly, so as
+to let you have the last sheet by the middle of November, on the
+following terms:
+
+1. That on the delivery of the last MS. sheet you remit 100 guineas to
+Mrs. Coleridge, or Mr. Robert Southey, at a bill of five weeks. 2. That
+I, or my widow or family, may, any time after two years from the first
+publication, have the privilege of reprinting it in any collection of
+all my poetical writings, or of my works in general, which set off with
+a Life of me, might perhaps be made profitable to my widow. And 3rd,
+that if (as I long ago meditated) I should re-model the whole, give it a
+finale, and be able to bring it, thus re-written and re-cast, on the
+stage, it shall not be considered as a breach of the engagement between
+us, I on my part promising that you shall, for an equitable
+consideration, have the copy of this new work, either as a separate
+work, or forming a part of the same volume or both, as circumstances may
+dictate to you. When I say that I am confident that in this _possible_
+and not probable case, I should not repeat or retain one fifth of the
+original, you will perceive that I consult only my dread of appearing
+to act amiss, as it would be even more easy to compose the whole anew.
+
+If these terms suit you I will commence the Task as soon as I receive
+Goethe's works from you. If you could procure Goethe's late Life of
+himself, which extends but a short way, or any German biographical work
+of the Germans living, it would enable me to render the preliminary
+Essay more entertaining.
+
+Respectfully, dear Sir,
+
+S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Mr. Murray's reply to this letter has not been preserved. At all events,
+nothing further was done by Coleridge with respect to the translation of
+"Faust," which is to be deplored, as his exquisite and original melody
+of versification might have produced a translation almost as great as
+the original.
+
+Shortly after Coleridge took up his residence with the Gillmans at
+Highgate, and his intercourse with Murray recommenced. Lord Byron, while
+on the managing committee of Drury Lane Theatre, had been instrumental
+in getting Coleridge's "Remorse" played upon the stage, as he
+entertained a great respect for its author. He was now encouraging Mr.
+Murray to publish other works by Coleridge--among others, "Zapolya" and
+"Christabel."
+
+On April 12, 1816, Coleridge gave the following lines to Mr. Murray,
+written in his own hand: [Footnote: The "Song, by Glycine" was first
+published in "Zapolya: A Christmas Tale," 1817, Part II., Act ii., Scene
+I. It was set to music by W. Patten in 1836; and again, with the title
+"May Song," in 1879, by B.H. Loehr.]
+
+GLYCINE: Song.
+
+"A sunny shaft did I behold,
+  From sky to earth it slanted,
+And pois'd therein a Bird so bold--
+  Sweet bird! thou wert enchanted!
+He sank, he rose, he twinkled, he troll'd,
+  Within that shaft of sunny mist:
+His Eyes of Fire, his Beak of Gold,
+  All else of Amethyst!
+And thus he sang: Adieu! Adieu!
+  Love's dreams prove seldom true.
+Sweet month of May! we must away!
+  Far, far away!
+  Today! today!"
+
+In the following month (May 8, 1816) Mr. Coleridge offered Mr. Murray
+his "Remorse" for publication, with a Preface. He also offered his poem
+of "Christabel," still unfinished. For the latter Mr. Murray agreed to
+give him seventy guineas, "until the other poems shall be completed,
+when the copyright shall revert to the author," and also £20 for
+permission to publish the poem entitled "Kubla Khan."
+
+Next month (June 6) Murray allowed Coleridge £50 for an edition of
+"Zapolya: A Christmas Tale," which was then in MS.; and he also
+advanced him another £50 for a play which was still to be written.
+"Zapolya" was afterwards entrusted to another publisher (Rest Fenner),
+and Coleridge repaid Murray £50. Apparently (see _letter_ of March 29,
+1817) Murray very kindly forewent repayment of the second advance of
+£50. There was, of course, no obligation to excuse a just debt, but the
+three issues of "Christabel" had resulted in a net profit of a little
+over £100 to the publisher.
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+HIGHGATE, _July_ 4, 1816.
+
+I have often thought that there might be set on foot a review of old
+books, _i.e.,_ of all works important or remarkable, the authors of
+which are deceased, with a probability of a tolerable sale, if only the
+original _plan_ were a good one, and if no articles were admitted but
+from men who understood and recognized the Principles and Rules of
+Criticism, which should form the first number. I would not take the
+works chronologically, but according to the likeness or contrast of the
+_kind_ of genius--_ex. gr_. Jeremy Taylor, Milton (his prose works), and
+Burke--Dante and Milton--Scaliger and Dr. Johnson. Secondly, if
+especial attention were paid to all men who had produced, or aided in
+producing, any great revolution in the Taste or opinions of an age, as
+Petrarch, Ulrich von Hutten, etc. (here I will dare risk the charge of
+self-conceit by referring to my own parallel of Voltaire and Erasmus, of
+Luther and Rousseau in the seventh number of "The Friend "). Lastly, if
+proper care was taken that in every number of the _Review_ there should
+be a fair proportion of positively _amusing_ matter, such as a review of
+Paracelsus, Cardan, Old Fuller; a review of Jest Books, tracing the
+various metempsychosis of the same joke through all ages and countries;
+a History of Court Fools, for which a laborious German has furnished
+ample and highly interesting materials; foreign writers, though alive,
+not to be excluded, if only their works are of established character in
+their own country, and scarcely heard of, much less translated, in
+English literature. Jean Paul Richter would supply two or three
+delightful articles.
+
+Any works which should fall in your way respecting the Jews since the
+destruction of the Temple, I should of course be glad to look through.
+Above all, Mezeray's (no! that is not the name, I think) "History of the
+Jews," that I _must_ have.
+
+I shall be impatient for the rest of Mr. Frere's sheets. Most
+unfeignedly can I declare that I am unable to decide whether the
+_admiration_ which the _excellence_ inspires, or the wonder which the
+knowledge of the countless _difficulties_ so happily overcome, never
+ceases to excite in my mind during the re-perusal and collation of them
+with the original Greek, be the greater. I have not a moment's
+hesitation in fixing on Mr. Frere as the man of the correctest and most
+genial taste among all our contemporaries whom I have ever met with,
+personally or in their works. Should choice or chance lead you to sun
+and air yourself on Highgate Hill during any of your holiday excursions,
+my worthy friend and his amiable and accomplished wife will be happy to
+see you. We dine at four, and drink tea at six.
+
+Yours, dear Sir, respectfully, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Mr. Murray did not accept Mr. Coleridge's proposal to publish his works
+in a collected form or his articles for the _Quarterly_, as appears from
+the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+HIGHGATE, _March_ 26, 1817.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I cannot be offended by your opinion that my talents are not adequate to
+the requisites of matter and manner for the _Quarterly Review,_ nor
+should I consider it as a disgrace to fall short of Robert Southey in
+any department of literature. I owe, however, an honest gratification to
+the conversation between you and Mr. Gillman, for I read Southey's
+article, on which Mr. Gillman and I have, it appears, formed very
+different opinions. It is, in my judgment, a very masterly article.
+[Footnote: This must have been Southey's article on Parliamentary Reform
+in No. 31, which, though due in October 1816, was not, published until
+February 1817.] I would to heaven, my dear sir, that the opinions of
+Southey, Walter Scott, Lord Byron, Mr. Frere, and of men like these in
+learning and genius, concerning my comparative claims to be a man of
+letters, were to be received as the criterion, instead of the wretched,
+and in deed and in truth mystical jargon of the _Examiner_ and
+_Edinburgh Review_.
+
+Mr. Randall will be so good as to repay you the £50, and I understand
+from Mr. Gillman that you are willing to receive this as a settlement
+respecting the "Zapolya." The corrections and additions to the two first
+books of the "Christabel" may become of more value to you when the work
+is finished, as I trust it will be in the course of the spring, than
+they are at present. And let it not be forgotten, that while I had the
+utmost malignity of personal enmity to cry down the work, with the
+exception of Lord Byron, there was not one of the many who had so many
+years together spoken so warmly in its praise who gave it the least
+positive furtherance after its publication. It was openly asserted that
+the _Quarterly Review_ did not wish to attack it, but was ashamed to say
+a word in its favor. Thank God! these things pass from me like drops
+from a duck's back, except as far as they take the bread out of my
+mouth; and this I can avoid by consenting to publish only for the
+_present_ times whatever I may write. You will be so kind as to
+acknowledge the receipt of the £50 in such manner as to make all matters
+as clear between us as possible; for, though you, I am sure, could not
+have intended to injure my character, yet the misconceptions, and
+perhaps misrepresentations, of your words have had that tendency. By a
+letter from R. Southey I find that he will be in town on the 17th. The
+article in Tuesday's _Courier_ was by me, and two other articles on
+Apostacy and Renegadoism, which will appear this week.
+
+Believe me, with respect, your obliged,
+
+S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+The following letter completes Coleridge's correspondence with Murray on
+this subject:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+[Highgate], _March_ 29, 1817.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+From not referring to the paper dictated by yourself, and signed by me
+in your presence, you have wronged yourself in the receipt you have been
+so good as to send me, and on which I have therefore written as
+follows--"A mistake; I am still indebted to Mr. Murray £20 _legally_
+(which I shall pay the moment it is in my power), and £30 from whatever
+sum I may receive from the 'Christabel' when it is finished. Should Mr.
+Murray decline its publication, I conceive myself bound _in honor_ to
+repay." I strive in vain to discover any single act or expression of my
+own, or for which I could be directly or indirectly responsible as a
+moral being, that would account for the change in your mode of thinking
+respecting me. But with every due acknowledgment of the kindness and
+courtesy that I received from you on my first coming to town,
+
+I remain, dear Sir, your obliged, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Leigh Hunt was another of Murray's correspondents. When the _Quarterly_
+was started, Hunt, in his Autography, says that "he had been invited,
+nay pressed by the publisher, to write in the new Review, which
+surprised me, considering its politics and the great difference of my
+own." Hunt adds that he had no doubt that the invitation had been made
+at the instance of Gifford himself. Murray had a high opinion of Hunt as
+a critic, but not as a politician. Writing to Walter Scott in 1810 he
+said:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_,
+
+"Have you got or seen Hunt's critical essays, prefixed to a few novels
+that he edited. Lest you should not, I send them. Hunt is most vilely
+wrongheaded in politics, and has thereby been turned away from the path
+of elegant criticism, which might have led him to eminence and
+respectability."
+
+Hunt was then, with his brother, joint editor of the _Examiner_, and
+preferred writing for the newspaper to contributing articles to the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+On Leigh Hunt's release from Horsemonger Lane Gaol, where he had been
+imprisoned for his libel on the Prince Regent, he proceeded, on the
+strength of his reputation, to compose the "Story of Rimini," the
+publication of which gave the author a place among the poets of the day.
+He sent a portion of the manuscript to Mr. Murray before the poem was
+finished, saying that it would amount to about 1,400 lines. Hunt then
+proceeded (December 18, 1815) to mention the terms which he proposed to
+be paid for his work when finished. "Booksellers," he said, "tell me
+that I ought not to ask less than £450 (which is a sum I happen to want
+just now); and my friends, not in the trade, say I ought not to ask less
+than £500, with such a trifling acknowledgment upon the various editions
+after the second and third, as shall enable me to say that I am still
+profiting by it."
+
+Mr. Murray sent his reply to Hunt through their common friend, Lord
+Byron:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1815.
+
+"I wish your lordship to do me the favour to look at and to consider
+with your usual kindness the accompanying note to Mr. Leigh Hunt
+respecting his poem, for which he requests £450. This would presuppose a
+sale of, at least, 10,000 copies. Now, if I may trust to my own
+experience in these matters, I am by no means certain that the sale
+would do more than repay the expenses of paper and print. But the poem
+is peculiar, and may be more successful than I imagine, in which event
+the proposition which I have made to the author will secure to him all
+the advantages of such a result, I trust that you will see in this an
+anxious desire to serve Mr. Hunt, although as a mere matter of business
+I cannot avail myself of his offer. I would have preferred calling upon
+you today were I not confined by a temporary indisposition; but I think
+you will not be displeased at a determination founded upon the best
+judgment I can form of my own business. I am really uneasy at your
+feelings in this affair, but I think I may venture to assume that you
+know me sufficiently well to allow me to trust my decision entirely to
+your usual kindness."
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Leigh Hunt_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1815.
+
+"I have now read the MS. poem, which you confided to me, with particular
+attention, and find that it differs so much from any that I have
+published that I am fearful of venturing upon the extensive speculation
+to which your estimate would carry it. I therefore wish that you would
+propose its publication and purchase to such houses as Cadell, Longman,
+Baldwin, Mawman, etc., who are capable of becoming and likely to become
+purchasers, and then, should you not have found any arrangement to your
+mind, I would undertake to print an edition of 500 or 750 copies as a
+trial at my own risk, and give you one half of the profits. After this
+edition the copyright shall be entirely your own property. By this
+arrangement, in case the work turn out a prize, as it may do, I mean
+that you should have every advantage of its success, for its popularity
+once ascertained, I am sure you will find no difficulty in procuring
+purchasers, even if you should be suspicious of my liberality from this
+specimen of fearfulness in the first instance. I shall be most happy to
+assist you with any advice which my experience in these matters may
+render serviceable to you."
+
+Leigh Hunt at once accepted the offer.
+
+After the poem was printed and published, being pressed for money, he
+wished to sell the copyright. After a recitation of his pecuniary
+troubles, Hunt concluded a lengthy letter as follows:
+
+"What I wanted to ask you then is simply this--whether, in the first
+instance, you think well enough of the "Story of Rimini" to make you
+bargain with me for the copyright at once; or, in the second instance,
+whether, if you would rather wait a little, as I myself would do, I
+confess, if it were convenient, you have still enough hopes of the work,
+and enough reliance on myself personally, to advance me £450 on
+security, to be repaid in case you do not conclude the bargain, or
+merged in the payment of the poem in case you do."
+
+Mr. Murray's reply was not satisfactory, as will be observed from the
+following letter of Leigh Hunt:
+
+_Mr. Leigh Hunt to John Murray_,
+
+_April_ 12, 1816.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I just write to say something which I had omitted in my last, and to add
+a word or two on the subject of an expression in your answer to it. I
+mean the phrase "plan of assistance." I do not suppose that you had the
+slightest intention of mortifying me by that phrase; but I should wish
+to impress upon you, that I did not consider my application to you as
+coming in the shape of what is ordinarily termed an application for
+assistance. Circumstances have certainly compelled me latterly to make
+requests, and resort to expedients, which, however proper in themselves,
+I would not willingly have been acquainted with; but I have very good
+prospects before me, and you are mistaken (I beg you to read this in the
+best and most friendly tone you can present to yourself) if you have at
+all apprehended that I should be in the habit of applying to you for
+assistance, or for anything whatsoever, for which I did not conceive the
+work in question to be more than a security.
+
+I can only say, with regard to yourself, that I am quite contented and
+ought to be so, as long as you are sincere with me, and treat me in the
+same gentlemanly tone.
+
+Very sincerely yours,
+
+LEIGH HUNT.
+
+This negotiation was ultimately brought to a conclusion by Mr. Hunt, at
+Mr. Murray's suggestion, disposing of the copyright of "Rimini" to
+another publisher.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THOMAS CAMPBELL--JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE--J.W. CROKER-JAMES HOGG, ETC.
+
+
+Thomas Campbell appeared like a meteor as early as 1799, when, in his
+twenty-second year, he published his "Pleasures of Hope." The world was
+taken by surprise at the vigour of thought and richness of fancy
+displayed in the poem. Shortly after its publication, Campbell went to
+Germany, and saw, from the Benedictine monastery of Scottish monks at
+Ratisbon, a battle which was not, as has often been said, the Battle of
+Hohenlinden. What he saw, however, made a deep impression on his mind,
+and on his return to Scotland he published the beautiful lines
+beginning, "On Linden when the sun was low." In 1801 he composed "The
+Exile of Erin" and "Ye Mariners of England." The "Battle of the Baltic"
+and "Lochiel's Warning" followed; and in 1803 he published an edition of
+his poems. To have composed such noble lyrics was almost unprecedented
+in so young a man; for he was only twenty-six years of age when his
+collected edition appeared. He was treated as a lion, and became
+acquainted with Walter Scott and the leading men in Edinburgh. In
+December 1805 we find Constable writing to Murray, that Longman & Co.
+had offered the young poet £700 for a new volume of his poems.
+
+One of the earliest results of the association of Campbell with Murray
+was a proposal to start a new magazine, which Murray had long
+contemplated. This, it will be observed, was some years before the
+communications took place between Walter Scott and Murray with respect
+to the starting of the _Quarterly_.
+
+The projected magazine, however, dropped out of sight, and Campbell
+reverted to his proposed "Lives of the British Poets, with Selections
+from their Writings." Toward the close of the year he addressed the
+following letter to Mr. Scott:
+
+_Mr. T. Campbell to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November 5_, 1806.
+
+My Dear Scott,
+
+A very excellent and gentlemanlike man--albeit a bookseller--Murray, of
+Fleet Street, is willing to give for our joint "Lives of the Poets," on
+the plan we proposed to the trade a twelvemonth ago, a thousand pounds.
+For my part, I think the engagement very desirable, and have no
+uneasiness on the subject, except my fear that you may be too much
+engaged to have to do with it, as five hundred pounds may not be to you
+the temptation that it appears to a poor devil like myself. Murray is
+the only gentleman, except Constable, in the trade;--I may also,
+perhaps, except Hood. I have seldom seen a pleasanter man to deal with.
+.... Our names are what Murray principally wants--_yours_ in
+particular.... I will not wish, even in confidence, to say anything ill
+of the London booksellers _beyond their deserts_; but I assure you that,
+to compare this offer of Murray's with their usual offers, it is
+magnanimous indeed.... The fallen prices of literature-which is getting
+worse by the horrible complexion of the times-make me often rather
+gloomy at the life I am likely to lead.
+
+Scott entered into Campbell's agreement with kindness and promptitude,
+and it was arranged, under certain stipulations, that the plan should
+have his zealous cooperation; but as the number and importance of his
+literary engagements increased, he declined to take an active part
+either in the magazine or the other undertaking. "I saw Campbell two
+days ago," writes Murray to Constable, "and he told me that Mr. Scott
+had declined, and modestly asked if it would do by _himself_ alone; but
+this I declined in a way that did not leave us the less friends."
+
+At length, after many communications and much personal intercourse,
+Murray agreed with Campbell to bring out his work, without the
+commanding name of Walter Scott, and with the name of Thomas Campbell
+alone as Editor of the "Selections from the British Poets." The
+arrangement seems to have been made towards the end of 1808. In January
+1809 Campbell writes of his intention "to devote a year exclusively to
+the work," but the labour it involved was perhaps greater than he had
+anticipated. It was his first important prose work; and prose requires
+continuous labour. It cannot, like a piece of poetry, be thrown off at a
+heat while the fit is on. Campbell stopped occasionally in the midst of
+his work to write poems, among others, his "Gertrude of Wyoming," which
+confirmed his poetical reputation. Murray sent a copy of the volume to
+Walter Scott, and requested a review for the _Quarterly_, which was then
+in its first year. What Campbell thought of the review will appear from
+the following letter:
+
+_Mr. T. Campbell to John Murray_.
+
+_June 2_, 1809.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+I received the review, for which I thank you, and beg leave through you
+to express my best acknowledgments to the unknown reviewer. I do not by
+this mean to say that I think every one of his censures just. On the
+contrary, if I had an opportunity of personal conference with so candid
+and sensible a man, I think I could in some degree acquit myself of a
+part of the faults he has found. But altogether I am pleased with his
+manner, and very proud of his approbation. He reviews like a gentleman,
+a Christian, and a scholar.
+
+Although the "Lives of the Poets" had been promised within a year from
+January 1809, four years passed, and the work was still far from
+completion.
+
+In the meantime Campbell undertook to give a course of eleven Lectures
+on Poetry at the Royal Institution, for which he received a hundred
+guineas. He enriched his Lectures with the Remarks and Selections
+collected for the "Specimens," for which the publisher had agreed to pay
+a handsome sum. The result was a momentary hesitation on the part of Mr.
+Murray to risk the publication of the work. On this, says Campbell's
+biographer, a correspondence ensued between the poet and the publisher,
+which ended to the satisfaction of both. Mr. Murray only requested that
+Mr. Campbell should proceed with greater alacrity in finishing the long
+projected work.
+
+At length, about the beginning of 1819, fourteen years after the project
+had been mentioned to Walter Scott, and about ten years after the book
+should have appeared, according to Campbell's original promise, the
+"Essays and Selections of English Poetry" were published by Mr. Murray.
+The work was well received. The poet was duly paid for it, and Dr.
+Beattie, Campbell's biographer, says he "found himself in the novel
+position of a man who has money to lay out at interest." This statement
+must be received with considerable deduction, for, as the correspondence
+shows, Campbell's pecuniary difficulties were by no means at an end.
+
+It appears that besides the £1,000, which was double the sum originally
+proposed to be paid to Campbell for the "Selections," Mr. Murray, in
+October 1819, paid him £200 "for books," doubtless for those he had
+purchased for the "Collections," and which he desired to retain.
+
+We cannot conclude this account of Campbell's dealing with Murray
+without referring to an often-quoted story which has for many years
+sailed under false colours. It was Thomas Campbell who wrote "Now
+Barabbas was a publisher," whether in a Bible or otherwise is not
+authentically recorded, and forwarded it to a friend; but Mr. Murray was
+not the publisher to whom it referred, nor was Lord Byron, as has been
+so frequently stated, the author of the joke.
+
+The great burden of the correspondence entailed by the _Quarterly
+Review_ now fell on Mr. Murray, for Gifford had become physically
+incapable of bearing it. Like the creaking gate that hangs long on its
+hinges, Gifford continued to live, though painfully. He became gradually
+better, and in October 1816 Mr. Murray presented him with a chariot, by
+means of which he might drive about and take exercise in the open air.
+Gifford answered:
+
+"I have a thousand thanks to give you for the pains you have taken about
+the carriage, without which I should only have talked about it, and died
+of a cold. It came home yesterday, and I went to Fulham in it. It is
+everything that I could wish, neat, easy, and exceedingly comfortable."
+
+Among the other works published by Mr. Murray in 1816 may be mentioned,
+"The Last Reign of Napoleon," by Mr. John Cam Hobhouse, afterwards Lord
+Broughton. Of this work the author wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_January_, 1816.
+
+"I must have the liberty of cancelling what sheets I please, for a
+reason that I now tell you in the strictest confidence: the letters are
+to go to Paris previously to publication, and are to be read carefully
+through by a most intimate friend of mine, who was entirely in the
+secrets of the late Imperial Ministry, and who will point out any
+statements as to facts, in which he could from his _knowledge_ make any
+necessary change."
+
+The first edition, published without the author's name, was rapidly
+exhausted, and Hobhouse offered a second to Murray, proposing at the
+same time to insert his name as author on the title-page.
+
+"If I do," he said, "I shall present the book to Lord Byron in due form,
+not for his talents as a poet, but for his qualities as a companion and
+a friend. I should not write 'My dear Byron,' _à la Hunt_." [Footnote:
+Leigh Hunt had dedicated his "Rimini" to the noble poet, addressing him
+as "My dear Byron."]
+
+Mr. D'Israeli also was busy with his "Inquiry into the Literary and
+Political Character of James the First." He wrote to his publisher as
+follows: "I am sorry to say every one, to whom I have mentioned the
+subject, revolts from it as a thing quite untenable, and cares nothing
+about 'James.' This does not stop me from finishing."
+
+Mr. Croker, in the midst of his work at the Admiralty, his articles for
+the _Quarterly_, and his other literary labours, found time to write his
+"Stories for Children from the History of England." In sending the later
+stories Mr. Croker wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_The Rt. Hon. J.W. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+"I send you seven stories, which, with eleven you had before, brings us
+down to Richard III., and as I do not intend to come down beyond the
+Revolution, there remain nine stories still. I think you told me that
+you gave the first stories to your little boy to read. Perhaps you or
+Mrs. Murray would be so kind as to make a mark over against such words
+as he may not have understood, and to favour me with any criticism the
+child may have made, for on this occasion I should prefer a critic of 6
+years old to one of 60."
+
+Thus John Murray's son, John Murray the Third, was early initiated into
+the career of reading for the press. When the book came out it achieved
+a great success, and set the model for Walter Scott in his charming
+"Tales of a Grandfather."
+
+It may be mentioned that "Croker's Stories for Children" were published
+on the system of division of profits. Long after, when Mr. Murray was in
+correspondence with an author who wished him to pay a sum of money down
+before he had even seen the manuscript, the publisher recommended the
+author to publish his book on a division of profits, in like manner as
+Hallam, Milman, Mahon, Croker, and others had done. "Under this system,"
+he said, "I have been very successful. For Mr. Croker's 'Stories from
+the History of England,' selling for 2_s_. _6d_., if I had offered the
+small sum of twenty guineas, he would have thought it liberal. However,
+I printed it to divide profits, and he has already received from me the
+moiety of £1,400. You will perhaps be startled at my assertion; for
+woeful experience convinces me that not more than one publication in
+fifty has a sale sufficient to defray its expenses."
+
+The success of Scott's, and still more of Byron's Poems, called into
+existence about this time a vast array of would-be poets, male and
+female, and from all ranks and professions. Some wrote for fame, some
+for money; but all were agreed on one point--namely, that if Mr. Murray
+would undertake the publication of the poems, the authors' fame was
+secured.
+
+When in doubt about any manuscript, he usually conferred with Croker,
+Campbell, or Gifford, who always displayed the utmost kindness in
+helping him with their opinions. Croker was usually short and pithy. Of
+one poem he said: "Trash--the dullest stuff I ever read." This was
+enough to ensure the condemnation of the manuscript. Campbell was more
+guarded, as when reporting on a poem entitled "Woman," he wrote, "In my
+opinion, though there are many excellent lines in it, the poem is not
+such as will warrant a great sum being speculated upon it. But, as it is
+short, I think the public, not the author or publisher, will be in fault
+if it does not sell one edition."
+
+Of a poem sent for his opinion, Gifford wrote:
+
+"Honestly, the MS. is totally unfit for the press. Do not deceive
+yourself: this MS. is not the production of a male. A man may write as
+great nonsense as a woman, and even greater; but a girl may pass through
+those execrable abodes of ignorance, called boarding schools, without
+learning whether the sun sets in the East or in the West, whereas a boy
+can hardly do this, even at Parson's Green."
+
+James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was another of Murray's
+correspondents.
+
+The publication of "The Queen's Wake" in 1813 immediately brought Hogg
+into connection with the leading authors and publishers of the day, Hogg
+sent a copy of the volume to Lord Byron, his "brother poet," whose
+influence he desired to enlist on behalf of a work which Hogg wished
+Murray to publish.
+
+The poem which the Ettrick Shepherd referred to was "The Pilgrims of the
+Sun," and the result of Lord Byron's conversation with Mr. Murray was,
+that the latter undertook to publish Hogg's works. The first letter from
+him to Murray, December 26, 1814, begins:
+
+"What the deuce have you made of my excellent poem that you are never
+publishing it, while I am starving for want of money, and cannot even
+afford a Christmas goose to my friends?"
+
+To this and many similar enquiries Mr. Murray replied on April 10, 1815:
+
+My Dear Friend,
+
+I entreat you not to ascribe to inattention the delay which has occurred
+in my answer to your kind and interesting letter. Much more, I beg you
+not for a moment to entertain a doubt about the interest which I take in
+your writings, or the exertions which I shall ever make to promote their
+sale and popularity.... They are selling every day.
+
+I have forgotten to tell you that Gifford tells me that he would
+receive, with every disposition to favour it, any critique which you
+like to send of new Scottish works. If I had been aware of it in time I
+certainly would have invited your remarks on "Mannering." Our article is
+not good and our praise is by no means adequate, I allow, but I suspect
+you very greatly overrate the novel. "Meg Merrilies" is worthy of
+Shakespeare, but all the rest of the novel might have been written by
+Scott's brother or any other body.
+
+The next letter from the Shepherd thanks Murray for some "timeous" aid,
+and asks a novel favour.
+
+_May_ 7, 1815.
+
+I leave Edinburgh on Thursday for my little farm on Yarrow. I will have
+a confused summer, for I have as yet no home that I can dwell in; but I
+hope by-and-by to have some fine fun there with you, fishing in Saint
+Mary's Loch and the Yarrow, eating bull-trout, singing songs, and
+drinking whisky. This little possession is what I stood much in need
+of--a habitation among my native hills was what of all the world I
+desired; and if I had a little more money at command, I would just be as
+happy a man as I know of; but that is an article of which I am ever in
+want. I wish you or Mrs. Murray would speer me out a good wife with a
+few thousands. I dare say there is many a romantic girl about London who
+would think it a fine ploy to become a Yarrow Shepherdess! Believe me,
+dear Murray,
+
+Very sincerely yours, JAMES HOGG.
+
+Here, for the present, we come to an end of the Shepherd's letters; but
+we shall find him turning up again, and Mr. Murray still continuing his
+devoted friend and adviser.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--continued_
+
+
+On January 2, 1815, Lord Byron was married to Miss Milbanke, and during
+the honeymoon, while he was residing at Seaham, the residence of his
+father-in-law Sir Ralph Milbanke, he wrote to Murray desiring him to
+make occasional enquiry at his chambers in the Albany to see if they
+were kept in proper order.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_February_ 17, 1815.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I have paid frequent attention to your wish that I should ascertain if
+all things appeared to be safe in your chambers, and I am happy in being
+able to report that the whole establishment carries an appearance of
+security, which is confirmed by the unceasing vigilance of your faithful
+and frigid Duenna [Mrs. Mule].
+
+Every day I have been in expectation of receiving a copy of "Guy
+Mannering," of which the reports of a friend of mine, who has read the
+first two volumes, is such as to create the most extravagant
+expectations of an extraordinary combination of wit, humour and pathos.
+I am certain of one of the first copies, and this you may rely upon
+receiving with the utmost expedition.
+
+I hear many interesting letters read to me from the Continent, and one
+in particular from Mr. Fazakerly, describing his interview of four hours
+with Bonaparte, was particularly good. He acknowledged at once to the
+poisoning of the sick prisoners in Egypt; they had the plague, and would
+have communicated it to the rest of his army if he had carried them on
+with him, and he had only to determine if he should leave them to a
+cruel death by the Turks, or to an easy one by poison. When asked his
+motive for becoming a Mahomedan, he replied that there were great
+political reasons for this, and gave several; but he added, the Turks
+would not admit me at first unless I submitted to two indispensable
+ceremonies.... They agreed at length to remit the first and to commute
+the other for a solemn vow, for every offence to give expiation by the
+performance of some good action. "Oh, gentlemen," says he, "for good
+actions, you know you may command me," and his first good action was to
+put to instant death an hundred of their priests, whom he suspected of
+intrigues against him. Not aware of his summary justice, they sent a
+deputation to beg the lives of these people on the score of his
+engagement. He answered that nothing would have made him so happy as
+this opportunity of showing his zeal for their religion; but that they
+had arrived too late; their friends had been dead nearly an hour.
+
+He asked Lord Ebrington of which party he was, in Politics. "The
+Opposition." "The Opposition? Then can your Lordship tell me the reason
+why the Opposition are so unpopular in England?" With something like
+presence of mind on so delicate a question, Lord Ebrington instantly
+replied: "Because, sir, we always insisted upon it, that you would be
+successful in Spain."
+
+During the spring and summer of 1815 Byron was a frequent visitor at
+Albemarle Street, and in April, as has been already recorded, he first
+met Walter Scott in Murray's drawing-room.
+
+In March, Lord and Lady Byron took up their residence at 13, Piccadilly
+Terrace. The following letter is undated, but was probably written in
+the autumn of 1815.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I picked up, the other day, some of Napoleon's own writing paper, all
+the remainder of which has been burnt; it has his portrait and eagle, as
+you will perceive by holding a sheet to the light either of sun or
+candle: so I thought I would take a little for you, hoping that you will
+just write me a poem upon any twenty-four quires of it in return.
+
+By the autumn of 1815 Lord Byron found himself involved in pecuniary
+embarrassments, which had, indeed, existed before his marriage, but were
+now considerably increased and demanded immediate settlement. His first
+thought was to part with his books, though they did not form a very
+valuable collection. He mentioned the matter to a book collector, who
+conferred with other dealers on the subject. The circumstances coming to
+the ears of Mr. Murray, he at once communicated with Lord Byron, and
+forwarded him a cheque for £1,500, with the assurance that an equal sum
+should be at his service in the course of a few weeks, offering, at the
+same time, to dispose of all the copyrights of his poems for his
+Lordship's use.
+
+Lord Byron could not fail to be affected by this generous offer, and
+whilst returning the cheque, he wrote:
+
+_November_ 14, 1815.
+
+"Your present offer is a favour which I would accept from you, if I
+accepted such from any man ... The circumstances which induce me to part
+with my books, though sufficiently, are not _immediately_, pressing. I
+have made up my mind to this, and there's an end. Had I been disposed to
+trespass upon your kindness in this way, it would have been before now;
+but I am not sorry to have an opportunity of declining it, as it sets my
+opinion of you, and indeed of human nature, in a different light from
+that in which I have been accustomed to consider it."
+
+Meanwhile Lord Byron had completed his "Siege of Corinth" and
+"Parisina," and sent the packet containing them to Mr. Murray. They had
+been copied in the legible hand of Lady Byron. On receiving the poems
+Mr. Murray wrote to Lord Byron as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_December_, 1815.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I tore open the packet you sent me, and have found in it a Pearl. It is
+very interesting, pathetic, beautiful--do you know, I would almost say
+moral. I am really writing to you before the billows of the passions you
+excited have subsided. I have been most agreeably disappointed (a word I
+cannot associate with the poem) at the story, which--what you hinted to
+me and wrote--had alarmed me; and I should not have read it aloud to my
+wife if my eye had not traced the delicate hand that transcribed it.
+
+Mr. Murray enclosed to Lord Byron two notes, amounting to a thousand
+guineas, for the copyright of the poems, but Lord Byron refused the
+notes, declaring that the sum was too great.
+
+"Your offer," he answered (January 3, 1816), "is _liberal_ in the
+extreme, and much more than the poems can possibly be worth; but I
+cannot accept it, and will not. You are most welcome to them as
+additions to the collected volumes, without any demand or expectation on
+my part whatever.... I am very glad that the handwriting was a
+favourable omen of the _morale_ of the piece; but you must not trust to
+that, as my copyist would write out anything I desired in all the
+ignorance of innocence--I hope, however, in this instance, with no great
+peril to either."
+
+The money, therefore, which Murray thought the copyright of the "Siege
+of Corinth" and "Parisina" was worth, remained untouched in the
+publisher's hands. It was afterwards suggested, by Mr. Rogers and Sir
+James Mackintosh, to Lord Byron, that a portion of it (£600) might be
+applied to the relief of Mr. Godwin, the author of "An Enquiry into
+Political Justice," who was then in difficulties; and Lord Byron himself
+proposed that the remainder should be divided between Mr. Maturin and
+Mr. Coleridge. This proposal caused the deepest vexation to Mr. Murray,
+who made the following remonstrance against such a proceeding.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _Monday_, 4 o'clock.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I did not like to detain you this morning, but I confess to you that I
+came away impressed with a belief that you had already reconsidered this
+matter, as it refers to me--Your Lordship will pardon me if I cannot
+avoid looking upon it as a species of cruelty, after what has passed, to
+take from me so large a sum--offered with no reference to the marketable
+value of the poems, but out of personal friendship and gratitude
+alone,--to cast it away on the wanton and ungenerous interference of
+those who cannot enter into your Lordship's feelings for me, upon,
+persons who have so little claim upon you, and whom those who so
+interested themselves might more decently and honestly enrich from their
+own funds, than by endeavouring to be liberal at the cost of another,
+and by forcibly resuming from me a sum which you had generously and
+nobly resigned.
+
+I am sure you will do me the justice to believe that I would strain
+every nerve in your service, but it is actually heartbreaking to throw
+away my earnings on others. I am no rich man, abounding, like Mr.
+Rogers, in superfluous thousands, but working hard for independence, and
+what would be the most grateful pleasure to me if likely to be useful to
+you personally, becomes merely painful if it causes me to work for
+others for whom I can have no such feelings.
+
+This is a most painful subject for me to address you upon, and I am ill
+able to express my feelings about it. I commit them entirely to your
+liberal construction with a reference to your knowledge of my character.
+
+I have the honour to be, etc.,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+This letter was submitted to Gifford before it was despatched, and he
+wrote:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I have made a scratch or two, and the letter now expresses my genuine
+sentiments on the matter. But should you not see Rogers? It is evident
+that Lord Byron is a little awkward about this matter, and his officious
+friends have got him into a most _unlordly_ scrape, from which they can
+only relieve him by treading back their steps. The more I consider their
+conduct, the more I am astonished at their impudence. A downright
+robbery is honourable to it. If you see Rogers, do not be shy to speak:
+he trembles at report, and here is an evil one for him."
+
+In the end Lord Byron was compelled by the increasing pressure of his
+debts to accept the sum offered by Murray and use it for his own
+purposes.
+
+It is not necessary here to touch upon the circumstances of Lord Byron's
+separation from his wife; suffice it to say that early in 1816 he
+determined to leave England, and resolved, as he had before contemplated
+doing, to sell off his books and furniture. He committed the
+arrangements to Mr. Murray, through Mr. Hanson, his solicitor, in
+Bloomsbury Square. A few months before, when Lord Byron was in straits
+for money, Mr. Hanson communicated with Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. Hanson to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 23, 1815.
+
+"Mr. Hanson's compliments to Mr. Murray. He has seen Lord Byron, and his
+Lordship has no objection to his Library being taken at a valuation. Mr.
+Hanson submits to Mr. Murray whether it would not be best to name one
+respectable bookseller to set a value on them. In the meantime, Mr.
+Hanson has written to Messrs. Crook & Armstrong, in whose hands the
+books now are, not to proceed further in the sale."
+
+On December 28, 1815, Mr. Murray received the following valuation:
+
+"Mr. Cochrane presents respectful compliments to Mr. Murray, and begs to
+inform him that upon carefully inspecting the books in Skinner Street,
+he judges the fair value of them to be £450."
+
+Mr. Murray sent Lord Byron a bill of £500 for the books as a temporary
+accommodation. But the books were traced and attached by the sheriff. On
+March 6, 1816, Lord Byron wrote to Murray:
+
+"I send to you to-day for this reason: the books you purchased are again
+seized, and, as matters stand, had much better be sold at once by public
+auction. I wish to see you to-morrow to return your bill for them,
+which, thank Heaven, is neither due nor paid. _That_ part, so far as
+_you_ are concerned, being settled (which it can be, and shall be, when
+I see you tomorrow), I have no further delicacy about the matter. This
+is about the tenth execution in as many months; so I am pretty well
+hardened; but it is fit I should pay the forfeit of my forefathers'
+extravagance as well as my own; and whatever my faults may be, I suppose
+they will be pretty well expiated in time--or eternity."
+
+A letter was next received by Mr. Murray's solicitor, Mr. Turner, from
+Mr. Gunn, to the following effect:
+
+_Mr. Gunn to Mr. Turner_.
+
+_March_ 16, 1816.
+
+Sir,
+
+Mr. Constable, the plaintiff's attorney, has written to say he will
+indemnify the sheriff to sell the books under the execution; as such, we
+must decline taking your indemnity.
+
+The result was, that Lord Byron, on March 22, paid to Crook & Armstrong
+£231 15_s_., "being the amount of three levies, poundage, and expenses,"
+and also £25 13_s_. 6_d_., the amount of Crook & Armstrong's account.
+Crook & Armstrong settled with Levy, the Jew, who had lent Byron money;
+and also with the officer, who had been in possession twenty-three days,
+at 5_s_. a day. The books were afterwards sold by Mr. Evans at his
+house, 26, Pall Mall, on April 5, 1816, and the following day. The
+catalogue describes them as "A collection of books, late the property of
+a nobleman, about to leave England on a tour."
+
+Mr. Murray was present at the sale, and bought a selection of books for
+Mrs. Leigh, for Mr. Rogers, and for Mr. J.C. Hobhouse, as well as for
+himself. He bought the large screen, with the portraits of actors and
+pugilists, which is still at Albemarle Street. There was also a silver
+cup and cover, nearly thirty ounces in weight, elegantly chased. These
+articles realised £723 12_s_. 6_d_., and after charging the costs,
+commission, and Excise duty, against the sale of the books, the balance
+was handed over to Lord Byron.
+
+The "Sketch from Private Life" was one of the most bitter and satirical
+things Byron had ever written. In sending it to Mr. Murray (March 30,
+1816), he wrote: "I send you my last night's dream, and request to have
+fifty copies struck off for private distribution. I wish Mr. Gifford to
+look at it; it is from life." Afterwards, when Lord Byron called upon
+Mr. Murray, he said: "I could not get to sleep last night, but lay
+rolling and tossing about until this morning, when I got up and wrote
+that; and it is very odd, Murray, after doing that, I went to bed again,
+and never slept sounder in my life."
+
+The lines were printed and sent to Lord Byron. But before publishing
+them, Mr. Murray took advice of his special literary adviser and
+solicitor, Mr. Sharon Turner. His reply was as follows:
+
+_Mr. Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 3, 1816.
+
+There are some expressions in the Poem that I think are libellous, and
+the severe tenor of the whole would induce a jury to find them to be so.
+The question only remains, to whom it is applicable. It certainly does
+not itself name the person. But the legal pleadings charge that innuendo
+must mean such a person. How far evidence extrinsic to the work might be
+brought or received to show that the author meant a particular person, I
+will not pretend to affirm. Some cases have gone so far on this point
+that I should not think it safe to risk. And if a libel, it is a libel
+not only by the author, but by the printer, the publisher, and every
+circulator.
+
+I am, dear Murray, yours most faithfully,
+
+SHN. TURNER.
+
+Mr. Murray did not publish the poems, but after their appearance in the
+newspapers, they were announced by many booksellers as "Poems by Lord
+Byron on his Domestic Circumstances." Among others, Constable printed
+and published them, whereupon Blackwood, as Murray's agent in Edinburgh,
+wrote to him, requesting the suppression of the verses, and threatening
+proceedings. Constable, in reply, said he had no wish to invade literary
+property, but the verses had come to him without either author's name,
+publisher's name, or printer's name, and that there was no literary
+property in publications to which neither author's, publisher's, nor
+printer's name was attached. Blackwood could proceed no farther. In his
+letter to Murray (April 17, 1816), he wrote:
+
+"I have distributed copies of 'Fare Thee Well' and 'A Sketch' to Dr.
+Thomas Brown, Walter Scott, and Professor Playfair. One cannot read
+'Fare Thee Well' without crying. The other is 'vigorous hate,' as you
+say. Its power is really terrible; one's blood absolutely creeps while
+reading it."
+
+Byron left England in April 1816, and during his travels he corresponded
+frequently with Mr. Murray.
+
+The MSS. of the third canto of "Childe Harold" and "The Prisoner of
+Chillon" duly reached the publisher. Mr. Murray acknowledged the MSS.:
+
+_Mr. Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 12, 1816.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I have rarely addressed you with more pleasure than upon the present
+occasion. I was thrilled with delight yesterday by the announcement of
+Mr. Shelley with the MS. of "Childe Harold." I had no sooner got the
+quiet possession of it than, trembling with auspicious hope about it, I
+carried it direct to Mr. Gifford. He has been exceedingly ill with
+jaundice, and unable to write or do anything. He was much pleased by my
+attention. I called upon him today. He said he was unable to leave off
+last night, and that he had sat up until he had finished every line of
+the canto. It had actually agitated him into a fever, and he was much
+worse when I called. He had persisted this morning in finishing the
+volume, and he pronounced himself infinitely more delighted than when he
+first wrote to me. He says that what you have heretofore published is
+nothing to this effort. He says also, besides its being the most
+original and interesting, it is the most finished of your writings; and
+he has undertaken to correct the press for you.
+
+Never, since my intimacy with Mr. Gifford, did I see him so heartily
+pleased, or give one-fiftieth part of the praise, with one-thousandth
+part of the warmth. He speaks in ecstasy of the Dream--the whole volume
+beams with genius. I am sure he loves you in his heart; and when he
+called upon me some time ago, and I told him that you were gone, he
+instantly exclaimed in a full room, "Well! he has not left his equal
+behind him--that I will say!" Perhaps you will enclose a line for
+him....
+
+Respecting the "Monody," I extract from a letter which I received this
+morning from Sir James Mackintosh: "I presume that I have to thank you
+for a copy of the 'Monody' on Sheridan received this morning. I wish it
+had been accompanied by the additional favour of mentioning the name of
+the writer, at which I only guess: it is difficult to read the poem
+without desiring to know."
+
+Generally speaking it is not, I think, popular, and spoken of rather for
+fine passages than as a whole. How could you give so trite an image as
+in the last two lines? Gifford does not like it; Frere does. _A-propos_
+of Mr. Frere: he came to me while at breakfast this morning, and between
+some stanzas which he was repeating to me of a truly original poem of
+his own, he said carelessly,
+
+"By the way, about _half-an-hour ago_ I was so silly (taking an immense
+pinch of snuff and priming his nostrils with it) as to get _married I_
+"Perfectly true. He set out for Hastings about an hour after he left me,
+and upon my conscience I verily believe that, if I had had your MS. to
+have put into his hands, as sure as fate he would have sat with me
+reading it [Footnote: He had left his wife at the church so as to bring
+his poem to Murray.] all the morning and totally forgotten his little
+engagement.
+
+I saw Lord Holland today looking very well. I wish I could send you
+Gifford's "Ben Jonson"; it is full of fun and interest, and allowed on
+all hands to be most ably done; would, I am sure, amuse you. I have very
+many new important and interesting works of all kinds in the press,
+which I should be happy to know any means of sending. My Review is
+improving in sale beyond my most sanguine expectations. I now sell
+nearly 9,000. Even Perry says the _Edinburgh, Review_ is going to the
+devil. I was with Mrs. Leigh today, who is very well; she leaves town on
+Saturday. Her eldest daughter, I fancy, is a most engaging girl; but
+yours, my Lord, is unspeakably interesting and promising, and I am happy
+to add that Lady B. is looking well. God bless you! my best wishes and
+feelings are always with you, and I sincerely wish that your happiness
+may be as unbounded as your genius, which has rendered me so much,
+
+My Lord, your obliged Servant,
+
+J.M.
+
+The negotiations for the purchase of the third canto were left in the
+hands of Mr. Kinnaird, who demurred to Mr. Murray's first offer of 1,500
+guineas, and eventually £2,000 was fixed as the purchase price.
+
+Mr. Murray wrote to Lord Byron on December 13, 1816, informing him that,
+at a dinner at the Albion Tavern, he had sold to the assembled
+booksellers 7,000 of his third canto of "Childe Harold" and 7,000 of his
+"Prisoner of Chillon." He then proceeds:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+"In literary affairs I have taken the field in great force--opening with
+the Third Canto and "Chillon," and, following up my blow, I have since
+published 'Tales of my Landlord,' another novel, I believe (but I really
+don't know) by the author of 'Waverley'; but much superior to what has
+already appeared, excepting the character of Meg Merrilies. Every one is
+in ecstasy about it, and I would give a finger if I could send it you,
+but this I will contrive. Conversations with your friend Buonaparte at
+St. Helena, amusing, but scarce worth sending. Lord Holland has just put
+forth a very improved edition of the Life of Lope de Vega and Inez de
+Castro.' Gifford's 'Ben Jonson' has put to death all former editions,
+and is very much liked."
+
+At Mr. Murray's earnest request, Scott had consented to review the third
+canto of "Childe Harold" in the _Quarterly_. In forwarding the MS. he
+wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _January_ 10, 1817.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I have this day sent under Croker's cover a review of Lord Byron's last
+poems. You know how high I hold his poetical reputation, but besides,
+one is naturally forced upon so many points of delicate consideration,
+that really I have begun and left off several times, and after all send
+the article to you with full power to cancel it if you think any part of
+it has the least chance of hurting his feelings. You know him better
+than I do, and you also know the public, and are aware that to make any
+successful impression on them the critic must appear to speak with
+perfect freedom. I trust I have not abused this discretion. I am sure I
+have not meant to do so, and yet during Lord Byron's absence, and under
+the present circumstances, I should feel more grieved than at anything
+that ever befell me if there should have slipped from my pen anything
+capable of giving him pain.
+
+There are some things in the critique which are necessarily and
+unavoidably personal, and sure I am if he attends to it, which is
+unlikely, he will find advantage from doing so. I wish Mr. Gifford and
+you would consider every word carefully. If you think the general tenor
+is likely to make any impression on him, if you think it likely to hurt
+him either in his feelings or with the public, in God's name fling the
+sheets in the fire and let them be as _not written_. But if it appears,
+I should wish him to get an early copy, and that you would at the same
+time say I am the author, at your opportunity. No one can honour Lord
+Byron a genius more than I do, and no one had so great a wish to love
+him personally, though personally we had not the means of becoming very
+intimate. In his family distress (deeply to be deprecated, and in which
+probably he can yet be excused) I still looked to some moment of
+reflection when bad advisers (and, except you were one, I have heard of
+few whom I should call good) were distant from the side of one who is so
+much the child of feeling and emotion. An opportunity was once afforded
+me of interfering, but things appeared to me to have gone too far; yet,
+even after all, I wish I had tried it, for Lord Byron always seemed to
+give me credit for wishing him sincerely well, and knew me to be
+superior to what Commodore Trunnion would call "the trash of literary
+envy and petty rivalry."
+
+Lord Byron's opinion of the article forms so necessary a complement to
+Walter Scott's sympathetic criticism of the man and the poet, that we
+make no excuse for reproducing it, as conveyed in a letter to Mr. Murray
+(March 3, 1817).
+
+"In acknowledging the arrival of the article from the _Quarterly_, which
+I received two days ago, I cannot express myself better than in the
+words of my sister Augusta, who (speaking of it) says, that it is
+written in a spirit 'of the most feeling and kind nature.'
+
+"It is, however, something more. It seems to me (as far as the subject
+of it may be permitted to judge) to be very well written as a
+composition, and I think will do the journal no discredit, because even
+those who condemn its partiality, must praise its generosity. The
+temptations to take another and a less favourable view of the question
+have been so great and numerous, that, what with public opinion,
+politics, etc., he must be a gallant as well as a good man who has
+ventured in that place, and at this time, to write such an article, even
+anonymously. Such things, however, are their own reward; and I even
+flatter myself that the writer, whoever he may be (and I have no guess),
+will not regret that the perusal of this has given me as much
+gratification as any composition of that nature could give, and more
+than any has given--and I have had a good many in my time of one kind or
+the other. It is not the mere praise, but there is a _tact_ and a
+_delicacy_ throughout, not only with regard to me but to _others_,
+which, as it had not been observed _elsewhere_, I had till now doubted
+whether it could be observed _anywhere_."
+
+"When I tell you," Lord Byron wrote to Moore a week later, "that Walter
+Scott is the author of the article in the _Quarterly_, you will agree
+with me that such an article is still more honourable to him than to
+myself."
+
+We conclude this episode with the following passage from a letter from
+Scott to Murray:
+
+"I am truly happy Lord Byron's article meets your ideas of what may make
+some impression on his mind. In genius, poetry has seldom had his equal,
+and if he has acted very wrong in some respects, he has been no worse
+than half the men of his rank in London who have done the same, and are
+not spoken of because not worth being railed against."
+
+Lady Byron also wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+I am inclined to ask a question, which I hope you will not decline
+answering, if not contrary to your engagements. Who is the author of the
+review of "Childe Harold" in the _Quarterly_? Your faithful Servant, A.
+I. BYRON.
+
+Among other ladies who wrote on the subject of Lord Byron's works was
+Lady Caroline Lamb, who had caricatured him (as he supposed) in her
+"Glenarvon." Her letter is dated Welwyn, franked by William Lamb:
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 5, 1816.
+
+"You cannot need my assuring you that if you will entrust me with the
+new poems, none of the things you fear shall occur, in proof of which I
+ask you to enquire with yourself, whether, if a person in constant
+correspondence and friendship with another, yet keeps a perfect silence
+on one subject, she cannot do so when at enmity and at a distance."
+
+This letter, to which no reply seems to have been sent, is followed by
+another, in which her Ladyship says:
+
+I wish to ask you one question: are you offended with me or my letter?
+If so, I am sorry, but depend upon it if after seven years' acquaintance
+you choose to cut off what you ever termed your left hand, I have too
+much gratitude towards you to allow of it. Accept therefore every
+apology for every supposed fault. I always write eagerly and in haste, I
+never read over what I have written. If therefore I said anything I
+ought not, pardon it--it was not intended; and let me entreat you to
+remember a maxim I have found very useful to me, that there is nothing
+in this life worth quarrelling about, and that half the people we are
+offended with never intended to give us cause.
+
+Thank you for Holcroft's "Life," which is extremely curious and
+interesting. I think you will relent and send me "Childe Harold" before
+any one has it--this is the first time you have not done so--and the
+_Quarterly Review_; and pray also any other book that is curious.... I
+quite pine to see the _Quarterly Review_ and "Childe Harold." Have mercy
+and send them, or I shall gallop to town to see you. Is 450 guineas too
+dear for a new barouche? If you know this let me know, as we of the
+country know nothing.
+
+Yours sincerely, C.L.
+
+In sending home the MS. of the first act of "Manfred," Lord Byron wrote,
+giving but unsatisfactory accounts of his own health. Mr. Murray
+replied:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_March_ 20, 1817.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I have to acknowledge your kind letter, dated the 3rd, received this
+hour; but I am sorry to say that it has occasioned, me great anxiety
+about your health. You are not wont to cry before you are hurt; and I am
+apprehensive that you are worse even than you allow. Pray keep quiet and
+take care of yourself. My _Review_ shows you that you are worth
+preserving and that the world yet loves you. If you become seriously
+worse, I entreat you to let me know it, and I will fly to you with a
+physician; an Italian one is only a preparation for the anatomist. I
+will not tell your sister of this, if you will tell me true. I had hopes
+that this letter would have confirmed my expectations of your speedy
+return, which has been stated by Mr. Kinnaird, and repeated to me by Mr.
+Davies, whom I saw yesterday, and who promises to write. We often
+indulge our recollections of you, and he allows me to believe that I am
+one of the few who really know you.
+
+Gifford gave me yesterday the first act of "Manfred" with a delighted
+countenance, telling me it was wonderfully poetical, and desiring me to
+assure you that it well merits publication. I shall send proofs to you
+with his remarks, if he have any; it is a wild and delightful thing, and
+I like it myself hugely....
+
+I have just received, in a way perfectly unaccountable, a MS. from St.
+Helena--with not a word. I suppose it to be originally written by
+Buonaparte or his agents.--It is very curious--his life, in which each
+event is given in almost a word--a battle described in a short sentence.
+I call it therefore simply _Manuscrit venu de Ste. Helene d'une maniere
+inconnue_. [Footnote: This work attracted a considerable amount of
+attention in London, but still more in Paris, as purporting to be a
+chapter of autobiography by Napoleon, then a prisoner in St. Helena. It
+was in all probability the work of some of the deposed Emperor's friends
+and adherents in Paris, issued for the purpose of keeping his name
+prominently before the world. M. de Meneval, author of several books on
+Napoleon's career, has left it on record that the "M.S. venu de Sainte
+Helene" was written by M. Frederic Lullin de Chateauvieux, "genevois
+deja connu dans le monde savant. Cet ecrivain a avoue, apres vingt cinq
+ans de silence, qu'il avait compose l'ouvrage en 1816, qu'il avait porte
+lui-meme a Londres, et l'avait mis a la poste, a l'adresse du Libraire
+Murray."] Lord Holland has a motion on our treatment of Buonaparte at
+St. Helena for Wednesday next; and on Monday I shall publish. You will
+have seen Buonaparte's Memorial on this subject, complaining bitterly of
+all; pungent but very injudicious, as it must offend all the other
+allied powers to be reminded of their former prostration.
+
+_April_ 12, 1817.
+
+Our friend Southey has got into a confounded scrape. Some twenty years
+ago, when he knew no better and was a Republican, he wrote a certain
+drama, entitled, "Wat Tyler," in order to disseminate wholesome doctrine
+amongst the _lower_ orders. This he presented to a friend, with a
+fraternal embrace, who was at that time enjoying the cool reflection
+generated by his residence in Newgate. This friend, however, either
+thinking its publication might prolong his durance, or fancying that it
+would not become profitable as a speculation, quietly put it into his
+pocket; and now that the author has most manfully laid about him,
+slaying Whigs and Republicans by the million, this cursed friend
+publishes; but what is yet worse, the author, upon sueing for an
+injunction, to proceed in which he is obliged to swear that he is the
+author, is informed by the Chancellor that it is seditious--and that for
+sedition there is no copyright. I will inclose either now or in my next
+a second copy, for as there is no copyright, everyone has printed it,
+which will amuse you.
+
+On July 15th and 20th Lord Byron wrote to Mr. Murray that the fourth
+canto of "Childe Harold" was completed, and only required to be "copied
+and polished," but at the same time he began to "barter" for the price
+of the canto, so completely had his old scruples on this score
+disappeared. Mr. Murray replied, offering 1,500 guineas for the
+copyright.
+
+Mr. Hobhouse spent a considerable part of the year 1817 travelling about
+in Italy, whither he had gone principally to see Lord Byron. He wrote to
+Mr. Murray on the subject of Thorwaldsen's bust of the poet:
+
+"I shall conclude with telling you about Lord B.'s bust. It is a
+masterpiece by Thorwaldsen [Footnote: The bust was made for Mr.
+Hobhouse, at his expense. Lord Byron said, "I would not pay the price of
+a Thorwaldsen bust for any head and shoulders, except Napoleon's or my
+children's, or some 'absurd womankind's,' as Monkbarns calls them, or my
+sister's."] who is thought by most judges to surpass Canova in this
+branch of sculpture. The likeness is perfect: the artist worked _con
+amore_, and told me it was the finest head he had ever under his hand. I
+would have had a wreath round the brows, but the poet was afraid of
+being mistaken for a king or a conqueror, and his pride or modesty made
+him forbid the band. However, when the marble comes to England I shall
+place a golden laurel round it in the ancient style, and, if it is
+thought good enough, suffix the following inscription, which may serve
+at least to tell the name of the portrait and allude to the excellence
+of the artist, which very few lapidary inscriptions do;
+
+'In vain would flattery steal a wreath from fame,
+  And Rome's best sculptor only half succeed,
+If England owned no share in Byron's name
+  Nor hailed the laurel she before decreed.'
+
+Of course you are very welcome to a copy--I don't mean of the verses,
+but of the bust. But, with the exception of Mr. Kinnaird, who has
+applied, and Mr. Davies, who may apply, no other will be granted.
+Farewell, dear Sir."
+
+The fourth canto duly reached London in Mr. Hobhouse's portmanteau, and
+was published in the spring of 1818.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--_continued_--THE DEATH OF
+ALLEGRA, ETC.
+
+
+Lord Byron informed Mr. Murray, on October 12, 1817, that he had written
+"a poem in or after the excellent manner of Mr. Whistlecraft (whom I
+take to be Frere)"; and in a subsequent letter he said, "Mr.
+Whistlecraft has no greater admirer than myself. I have written a story
+in eighty-nine stanzas in imitation of him, called 'Beppo,' the short
+name for Giuseppe, that is the Joe of the Italian Joseph." Lord Byron
+required that it should be printed anonymously, and in any form that Mr.
+Murray pleased. The manuscript of the poem was not, however, sent off
+until the beginning of 1818; and it reached the publisher about a month
+later.
+
+Meanwhile the friendly correspondence between the poet and his publisher
+continued:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1818.
+
+"I was much pleased to find, on my arrival from Edinburgh on Saturday
+night, your letter of August 26. The former one of the 21st I received
+whilst in Scotland. The Saturday and Sunday previous I passed most
+delightfully with Walter Scott, who was incessant in his inquiries after
+your welfare. He entertains the noblest sentiments of regard towards
+you, and speaks of you with the best feelings. I walked about ten miles
+with him round a very beautiful estate, which he has purchased by
+degrees, within two miles of his favourite Melrose. He has nearly
+completed the centre and one wing of a castle on the banks of the Tweed,
+where he is the happiness as well as pride of the whole neighbourhood.
+He is one of the most hospitable, merry, and entertaining of mortals. He
+would, I am confident, do anything to serve you; and as the Paper
+[Footnote: The review of the fourth canto of "Childe Harold," _Q.R.,_
+No.37.] which I now enclose is a second substantial proof of the
+interest he takes in your literary character, perhaps it may naturally
+enough afford occasion for a letter from you to him. I sent you by Mr.
+Hanson four volumes of a second series of 'Tales of my Landlord,' and
+four others are actually in the press. Scott does not yet avow them, but
+no one doubts his being their author.... I sent also by Mr. Hanson a
+number or two of _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,_ and I have in a
+recent parcel sent the whole. I think that you will find in it a very
+great share of talent, and some most incomparable fun.... John Wilson,
+who wrote the article on Canto IV. of 'Childe Harold' (of which, by the
+way, I am anxious to know your opinion), has very much interested
+himself in the journal, and has communicated some most admirable papers.
+Indeed, he possesses very great talents and a variety of knowledge. I
+send you a very well-constructed kaleidoscope, a newly-invented toy
+which, if not yet seen in Venice, will I trust amuse some of your female
+friends."
+
+The following letter is inserted here, as it does not appear in Moore's
+"Biography":
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+VENICE, _November_ 24, 1818,
+
+DEAR. MR. MURRAY,
+
+Mr. Hanson has been here a week, and went five days ago. He brought
+nothing but his papers, some corn-rubbers, and a kaleidoscope. "For what
+we have received the Lord make us thankful"! for without His aid I shall
+not be so. He--Hanson-left everything else in _Chancery Lane_ whatever,
+except your copy-papers for the last Canto, [Footnote: Of "Childe
+Harold."] etc., which having a degree of parchment he brought with him.
+You may imagine his reception; he swore the books were a "waggon-load";
+if they were, he should have come in a waggon; he would in that case
+have come quicker than he did.
+
+Lord Lauderdale set off from hence twelve days ago accompanied by a
+cargo of Poesy directed to Mr. Hobhouse, all spick and span, and in MS.;
+you will see what it is like. I have given it to Master Southey, and he
+shall have more before I have done with him.
+
+You may make what I say here as public as you please, more particularly
+to Southey, whom I look upon--and will say so publicly-to be a dirty,
+lying rascal, and will prove it in ink--or in his blood, if I did not
+believe him to be too much of a poet to risk it! If he has forty reviews
+at his back, as he has the _Quarterly_, I would have at him in his
+scribbling capacity now that he has begun with me; but I will do nothing
+underhand; tell him what I say from _me_ and every one else you please.
+
+You will see what I have said, if the parcel arrives safe. I understand
+Coleridge went about repeating Southey's lie with pleasure. I can
+believe it, for I had done him what is called a favour.... I can
+understand Coleridge's abusing me--but how or why _Southey_, whom I had
+never obliged in any sort of way, or done him the remotest service,
+should go about fibbing and calumniating is more than I readily
+comprehend. Does he think to put me down with his _Canting_, not being
+able to do it with his poetry? We will try the question. I have read his
+review of Hunt, where he has attacked Shelley in an oblique and shabby
+manner. Does he know what that review has done? I will tell you; it has
+_sold_ an edition of the "Revolt of Islam" which otherwise nobody would
+have thought of reading, and few who read can understand, I for one.
+
+Southey would have attacked me too there, if he durst, further than by
+hints about Hunt's friends in general, and some outcry about an
+"Epicurean System" carried on by men of the most opposite habits and
+tastes and opinions in life and poetry (I believe) that ever had their
+names in the same volume--Moore, Byron, Shelley, Hazlitt, Haydon, Leigh
+Hunt, Lamb. What resemblance do ye find among all or any of these men?
+And how could any sort of system or plan be carried on or attempted
+amongst them? However, let Mr. Southey look to himself; since the wine
+is tapped, he shall drink it.
+
+I got some books a few weeks ago--many thanks. Amongst them is Israeli's
+new edition; it was not fair in you to show him my copy of his former
+one, with all the marginal notes and nonsense made in Greece when I was
+not two-and-twenty, and which certainly were not meant for his perusal,
+nor for that of his readers.
+
+I have a great respect for Israeli and his talents, and have read his
+works over and over and over repeatedly, and been amused by them
+greatly, and instructed often. Besides, I hate giving pain, unless
+provoked; and he is an author, and must feel like his brethren; and
+although his Liberality repaid my marginal flippancies with a
+compliment--the highest compliment--that don't reconcile me to
+myself--nor to _you_. It was a breach of confidence to do this without
+my leave; I don't know a living man's book I take up so often or lay
+down more reluctantly than Israeli's, and I never will forgive you--that
+is, for many weeks. If he had got out of humour I should have been less
+sorry; but even then I should have been sorry; but really he has heaped
+his "coals of fire" so handsomely upon my head that they burn
+unquenchably.
+
+You ask me of the two reviews [Footnote: Of "Childe Harold" in the
+_Quarterly_ and _Blackwood._]--I will tell you. Scott's is the review
+of one poet on another--his friend; Wilson's, the review of a poet too,
+on another--his _Idol_; for he likes me better than he chooses to avow
+to the public with all his eulogy. I speak judging only from the
+article, for I don't know him personally.
+
+Here is a long letter--can you read it?
+
+Yours ever,
+
+B.
+
+In the course of September 1818 Lord Byron communicated to Mr. Moore
+that he had finished the first canto of a poem in the style and manner
+of "Beppo." "It is called," he said, "'Don Juan,' and is meant to be a
+little quietly facetious upon everything; but," he added, "I doubt
+whether it is not--at least so far as it has yet gone--too free for
+these very modest days." In January 1819 Lord Byron requested Mr. Murray
+to print for private distribution fifty copies of "Don Juan." Mr. Murray
+urged him to occupy himself with some great work worthy of his
+reputation. "This you have promised to Gifford long ago, and to Hobhouse
+and Kinnaird since." Lord Byron, however, continued to write out his
+"Don Juan," and sent the second canto in April 1819, together with the
+"Letter of Julia," to be inserted in the first canto.
+
+Mr. Murray, in acknowledging the receipt of the first and second cantos,
+was not so congratulatory as he had formerly been. The verses contained,
+no doubt, some of the author's finest poetry, but he had some objections
+to suggest. "I think," he said, "you may modify or substitute other
+words for the lines on Romilly, whose death should save him." But Byron
+entertained an extreme detestation for Romilly, because, he said, he had
+been "one of my assassins," and had sacrificed him on "his legal altar";
+and the verse [Footnote: St. 16, First Canto.] was allowed to stand
+over. "Your history," wrote Murray, "of the plan of the progress of 'Don
+Juan' is very entertaining, but I am clear for sending him to hell,
+because he may favour us with a description of some of the characters
+whom he finds there." Mr. Murray suggested the removal of some offensive
+words in Canto II. "These," he said, "ladies may not read; the Shipwreck
+is a little too particular, and out of proportion to the rest of the
+picture. But if you do anything it must be done with extreme caution;
+think of the effects of such seductive poetry! It probably surpasses in
+talent anything that you ever wrote. Tell me if you think seriously of
+completing this work, or if you have sketched the story. I am very sorry
+to have occasioned you the trouble of writing again the "Letter of
+Julia"; but you are always very forgiving in such cases." The lines in
+which the objectionable words appeared were obliterated by Lord Byron.
+
+From the following letter we see that Mr. Murray continued his
+remonstrances:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_May 3_, 1819.
+
+"I find that 'Julia's Letter' has been safely received, and is with the
+printer. The whole remainder of the second canto will be sent by
+Friday's post. The inquiries after its appearance are not a few. Pray
+use your most tasteful discretion so as to wrap up or leave out certain
+approximations to indelicacy."
+
+Mr. Douglas Kinnaird, who was entrusted with the business portion of
+this transaction, wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Douglas Kinnaird to John Murray_.
+
+_June 7_, 1819.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Since I had the pleasure of seeing you, I have received from Lord Byron
+a letter in which he expresses himself as having left to Mr. Hobhouse
+and myself the sole and whole discretion and duty of settling with the
+publisher of the MSS. which are now in your hands the consideration to
+be given for them. Observing that you have advertised "Mazeppa," I feel
+that it is my duty to request you will name an early day--of course
+previous to your publishing that or any other part of the MSS.--when we
+may meet and receive your offer of such terms as you may deem proper for
+the purchase of the copyright of them. The very liberal footing on which
+Lord Byron's intercourse with you in your character of publisher of his
+Lordship's works has hitherto been placed, leaves no doubt in my mind
+that our interview need be but very short, and that the terms you will
+propose will be met by our assent.
+
+The parties met, and Mr. Murray agreed to give £525 for "Mazeppa," and
+£1,575 for the first and second cantos of "Don Juan," with "The Ode to
+Venice" thrown in.
+
+In accordance with Lord Byron's directions to his publisher to "keep the
+anonymous," Cantos I. and II. of "Don Juan" appeared in London, in
+quarto, in July 1819, without the name of either author, publisher, or
+bookseller. The book was immediately pounced upon by the critics; but it
+is unnecessary to quote their reviews, as they are impartially given in
+the latest accredited editions of Lord Byron's poems. A few criticisms
+from Mr. Murray's private correspondence may be given.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+RYDE, _July_ 1, 1819.
+
+"Lord B.'s letter is shockingly amusing. [Footnote: Probably that
+written in May; printed in the "Life."] He must be mad; but then there's
+method in his madness. I dread, however, the end. He is, or rather might
+be, the most extraordinary character of his age. I have lived to see
+three great men--men to whom none come near in their respective
+provinces--Pitt, Nelson, Wellington. Morality and religion would have
+placed our friend among them as the fourth boast of the time; even a
+decent respect for the good opinion of mankind might have done much now;
+but all is tending to displace him."
+
+Mr. Murray, who was still in communication with Mr. Blackwood, found
+that he refused to sell "Don Juan" because it contained personalities
+which he regarded as even more objectionable than those of which Murray
+had complained in the _Magazine_.
+
+When the copyright of "Don Juan" was infringed by other publishers, it
+became necessary to take steps to protect it at law, and Mr. Sharon
+Turner was consulted on the subject. An injunction was applied for in
+Chancery, and the course of the negotiation will be best ascertained
+from the following letters:
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 21, 1819.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+... on "Don Juan" I have much apprehension. I had from the beginning,
+and therefore advised the separate assignment. The counsel who is
+settling the bill also doubts if the Chancellor will sustain the
+injunction. I think, when Mr. Bell comes to town, it will be best to
+have a consultation with him on the subject. The counsel, Mr. Loraine,
+shall state to him his view on the subject, and you shall hear what Mr.
+Bell feels upon it. Shall I appoint the consultation? The evil, if not
+stopped, will be great. It will circulate in a cheap form very
+extensively, injuring society wherever it spreads. Yet one consideration
+strikes me. You could wish Lord Byron to write less objectionably. You
+may also wish him to return you part of the £1,625. If the Chancellor
+should dissolve the injunction on this ground, that will show Lord B.
+that he must expect no more copyright money for such things, and that
+they are too bad for law to uphold. Will not this affect his mind and
+purify his pen? It is true that to get this good result you must
+encounter the risk and expense of the injunction and of the argument
+upon it. Will you do this? If I laid the case separately before three of
+our ablest counsel, and they concurred in as many opinions that it
+could not be supported, would this equally affect his Lordship's mind,
+and also induce him to return you an adequate proportion of the purchase
+money? Perhaps nothing but the Court treating him as it treated Southey
+[Footnote: In the case of "Wat Tyler," see Murray's letter to Byron in
+preceding chapter, April 12, 1817.] may sufficiently impress Lord B.
+After the consultation with Bell you will better judge. Shall I get it
+appointed as soon as he comes to town?
+
+Ever yours faithfully,
+
+SHARON TURNER.
+
+Mr. Bell gave his opinion that the Court would not afford protection to
+the book. He admitted, however, that he had not had time to study it.
+
+The next letter relates to the opinion of Mr. Shadwell, afterwards
+Vice-Chancellor:
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 12, 1819.
+
+Dear Murray,
+
+I saw Mr. Shadwell to-day on "Don Juan." He has gone through the book
+with more attention than Mr. Bell had time to do. He desires me to say
+that he does not think the Chancellor would refuse an injunction, or
+would overturn it if obtained....
+
+Yours most faithfully,
+
+SHARON TURNER.
+
+In the event the injunction to restrain the publication of "Don Juan" by
+piratical publishers was granted.
+
+Towards the end of 1819 Byron thought of returning to England. On
+November 8 he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"If she [the Countess Guiccioli] and her husband make it up, you will
+perhaps see me in England sooner than you expect. If not, I will retire
+with her to France or America, change my name, and lead a quiet
+provincial life. If she gets over this, and I get over my Tertian ague,
+I will perhaps look in at Albemarle Street _en passant_ to Bolivar."
+
+When Mr. Hobhouse, then living at Ramsbury, heard of Byron's intention
+to go to South America, he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+" ... To be sure it is impossible that Lord B. should seriously
+contemplate, or, if he does, he must not expect us to encourage, this
+mad scheme. I do not know what in the world to say, but presume some one
+has been talking nonsense to him. Let Jim Perry go to Venezuela if he
+will--he may edit his 'Independent Gazette' amongst the Independents
+themselves, and reproduce his stale puns and politics without let or
+hindrance. But our poet is too good for a planter--too good to sit down
+before a fire made of mare's legs, to a dinner of beef without salt and
+bread. It is the wildest of all his meditations--pray tell him. The
+plague and Yellow Jack, and famine and free quarter, besides a thousand
+other ills, will stare him in the face. No tooth-brushes, no
+corn-rubbers, no _Quarterly Reviews_. In short, plenty of all he
+abominates and nothing of all he loves. I shall write, but you can tell
+facts, which will be better than my arguments."
+
+Byron's half-formed intention was soon abandoned, and the Countess
+Guiccioli's serious illness recalled him to Ravenna, where he remained
+for the next year and a half.
+
+Hobhouse's next letter to Murray (January 1820), in which he reported
+"Bad news from Ravenna--a great pity indeed," is dated _Newgate_, where
+he had been lodged in consequence of his pamphlet entitled "A Trifling
+Mistake in Thomas Lord Erskine's Recent Pamphlet," containing several
+very strong reflections on the House of Commons as then constituted.
+
+During his imprisonment, Mr. Hobhouse was visited by Mr. Murray and Ugo
+Foscolo, as well as by many of his political friends.
+
+Lady Caroline Lamb also wrote to Mr. Murray from Brockett Hall, asking
+for information about Byron and Hobhouse.
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+You have never written to tell me about him. Now, did you know the pain
+and agony this has given me, you had not been so remiss. If you could
+come here on Wednesday for one night, I have a few people and a supper.
+You could come by the Mail in two hours, much swifter than even in your
+swift carriage; and I have one million of things to say and ask also. Do
+tell me how that dear Radical Hob is, and pray remember me to him. I
+really hope you will be here at dinner or supper on Wednesday. Your
+bedroom shall be ready, and you can be back in Town before most people
+are up, though I rise here at seven.
+
+Yours quite disturbed my mind, for want of your telling me how he
+[Byron] looks, what he says, if he is grown fat, if he is no uglier than
+he used to be, if he is good-humoured or cross-grained, putting his
+brows down--if his hair curls or is straight as somebody said, if he has
+seen Hobhouse, if he is going to stay long, if you went to Dover as you
+intended, and a great deal more, which, if you had the smallest tact or
+aught else, you would have written long ago; for as to me, I shall
+certainly not see him, neither do I care he should know that I ever
+asked after him. It is from mere curiosity I should like to hear all you
+can tell me about him. Pray come here immediately.
+
+Yours,
+
+C.L.
+
+Notwithstanding the remarkable sale of "Don Juan," Murray hesitated
+about publishing any more of the cantos. After the fifth canto was
+published, Lord Byron informed Murray that it was "hardly the beginning
+of the work," that he intended to take Don Juan through the tour of
+Europe, put him through the Divorce Court, and make him finish as
+Anacharsis Clootz in the French Revolution. Besides being influenced by
+his own feelings, it is possible that the following letter of Mr. Croker
+may have induced Mr. Murray to have nothing further to do with the work:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+MUNSTER HOUSE, _March_ 26, 1820.
+
+_A rainy Sunday_.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I have to thank you for letting me see your two new cantos [the 3rd and
+4th], which I return. What sublimity! what levity! what boldness! what
+tenderness! what majesty! what trifling! what variety! what
+_tediousness_!--for tedious to a strange degree, it must be confessed
+that whole passages are, particularly the earlier stanzas of the fourth
+canto. I know no man of such general powers of intellect as Brougham,
+yet I think _him_ insufferably tedious; and I fancy the reason to be
+that he has such _facility_ of expression that he is never recalled to a
+_selection_ of his thoughts. A more costive orator would be obliged to
+choose, and a man of his talents could not fail to choose the best; but
+the power of uttering all and everything which passes across his mind,
+tempts him to say all. He goes on without thought--I should rather say,
+without pause. His speeches are poor from their richness, and dull from
+their infinite variety. An impediment in his speech would make him a
+perfect Demosthenes. Something of the same kind, and with something of
+the same effect, is Lord Byron's wonderful fertility of thought and
+facility of expression; and the Protean style of "Don Juan," instead of
+checking (as the fetters of rhythm generally do) his natural activity,
+not only gives him wider limits to range in, but even generates a more
+roving disposition. I dare swear, if the truth were known, that his
+digressions and repetitions generate one another, and that the happy
+jingle of some of his comical rhymes has led him on to episodes of which
+he never originally thought; and thus it is that, with the most
+extraordinary merit, _merit of all kinds_, these two cantos have been
+to _me_, in several points, tedious and even obscure.
+
+As to the PRINCIPLES, all the world, and you, Mr. Murray, _first of
+all_, have done this poem great injustice. There are levities here and
+there, more than good taste approves, but nothing to make such a
+terrible rout about--nothing so bad as "Tom Jones," nor within a hundred
+degrees of "Count Fathom."
+
+The writer goes on to remark that the personalities in the poem are more
+to be deprecated than "its imputed looseness of principle":
+
+I mean some expressions of political and personal feelings which, I
+believe, he, in fact, never felt, and threw in wantonly and _de gaieté
+de coeur_, and which he would have omitted, advisedly and _de bonté de
+coeur_, if he had not been goaded by indiscreet, contradictory, and
+urgent _criticisms_, which, in some cases, were dark enough to be called
+_calumnies_. But these are blowing over, if not blown over; and I cannot
+but think that if Mr. Gifford, or some friend in whose taste and
+disinterestedness Lord Byron could rely, were to point out to him the
+cruelty to individuals, the injury to the national character, the
+offence to public taste, and the injury to his own reputation, of such
+passages as those about Southey and Waterloo and the British Government
+and the head of that Government, I cannot but hope and believe that
+these blemishes in the first cantos would be wiped away in the next
+edition; and that some that occur in the two cantos (which you sent me)
+would never see the light. What interest can Lord Byron have in being
+the poet of a party in politics?... In politics, he cannot be what he
+appears, or rather what Messrs. Hobhouse and Leigh Hunt wish to make him
+appear. A man of his birth, a man of his taste, a man of his talents, a
+man of his habits, can have nothing in common with such miserable
+creatures as we now call _Radicals_, of whom I know not that I can
+better express the illiterate and blind ignorance and vulgarity than by
+saying that the best informed of them have probably never heard of Lord
+Byron. No, no, Lord Byron may be indulgent to these jackal followers of
+his; he may connive at their use of his name--nay, it is not to be
+denied that he has given them too, too much countenance--but he never
+can, I should think, now that he sees not only the road but the rate
+they are going, continue to take a part so contrary to all his own
+interests and feelings, and to the feelings and interests of all the
+respectable part of his country.... But what is to be the end of all
+this rigmarole of mine? To conclude, this--to advise you, for your own
+sake as a tradesman, for Lord Byron's sake as a poet, for the sake of
+good literature and good principles, which ought to be united, to take
+such measures as you may be able to venture upon to get Lord Byron to
+revise these two cantos, and not to make another step in the odious path
+which Hobhouse beckons him to pursue....
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+But Byron would alter nothing more in his "Don Juan." He accepted the
+corrections of Gifford in his "Tragedies," but "Don Juan" was never
+submitted to him. Hobhouse was occasionally applied to, because he knew
+Lord Byron's handwriting; but even his suggestions of alterations or
+corrections of "Don Juan" were in most cases declined, and moreover
+about this time a slight coolness had sprung up between him and Byron.
+When Hobhouse was standing for Westminster with Sir Francis Burdett,
+Lord Byron sent a song about him in a letter to Mr. Murray. It ran to
+the tune of "My Boy Tammy? O!"
+
+"Who are now the People's men?
+  My boy Hobby O!
+Yourself and Burdett, Gentlemen,
+  And Blackguard Hunt and Cobby O!
+
+"When to the mob you make a speech,
+  My boy Hobby O!
+How do you keep without their reach
+  The watch without your fobby O?"
+[Footnote: The rest of the song is printed in _Murray's Magazine_, No. 3.]
+
+Lord Byron asked Murray to show the song not only to some of his
+friends--who got it by heart and had it printed in the newspapers--but
+also to Hobhouse himself. "I know," said his Lordship, "that he will
+never forgive me, but I really have no patience with him for letting
+himself be put in quod by such a set of ragamuffins." Mr. Hobhouse,
+however, was angry with Byron for his lampoon and with Murray for
+showing it to his friends. He accordingly wrote the following letter,
+which contains some interesting particulars of the Whig Club at
+Cambridge in Byron's University days:
+
+_Mr. Hobhouse to John Murray_.
+
+2, HANOVER SQUARE, _November_, 1820.
+
+I have received your letter, and return to you Lord Byron's. I shall
+tell you very frankly, because I think it much better to speak a little
+of a man to his face than to say a great deal about him behind his back,
+that I think you have not treated me as I deserved, nor as might have
+been expected from that friendly intercourse which has subsisted between
+us for so many years. Had Lord Byron transmitted to me a lampoon on you,
+I should, if I know myself at all, either have put it into the fire
+without delivery, or should have sent it at once to you. I should not
+have given it a circulation for the gratification of all the small wits
+at the great and little houses, where no treat is so agreeable as to
+find a man laughing at his friend. In this case, the whole coterie of
+the very shabbiest party that ever disgraced and divided a nation--I
+mean the Whigs--are, I know, chuckling over that silly charge made by
+Mr. Lamb on the hustings, and now confirmed by Lord Byron, of my having
+belonged to a Whig club at Cambridge. Such a Whig as I then was, I am
+now. I had no notion that the name implied selfishness and subserviency,
+and desertion of the most important principles for the sake of the least
+important interest. I had no notion that it implied anything more than
+an attachment to the principles the ascendency of which expelled the
+Stuarts from the Throne. Lord Byron belonged to this Cambridge club, and
+desired me to scratch out his name, on account of the criticism in the
+_Edinburgh Review_ on his early poems; but, exercising my discretion on
+the subject, I did not erase his name, but reconciled him to the said
+Whigs.
+
+The members of the club were but few, and with those who
+have any marked politics amongst them, I continue to agree at
+this day. They were but ten, and you must know most of them--Mr.
+W. Ponsonby, Mr. George O'Callaghan, the Duke of Devonshire,
+Mr. Dominick Browne, Mr. Henry Pearce, Mr. Kinnaird, Lord
+Tavistock, Lord Ellenborough, Lord Byron, and myself. I was
+not, as Lord Byron says in the song, the founder of this Club;
+[Footnote:
+
+"But when we at Cambridge were
+My boy Hobbie O!
+If my memory do not err,
+You founded a Whig Clubbie O!"
+
+]
+on the contrary, thinking myself of mighty importance
+in those days, I recollect very well that some difficulty attended my
+consenting to belong to the club, and I have by me a letter from
+Lord Tavistock, in which the distinction between being a Whig
+_party_ man and a Revolution Whig is strongly insisted upon.
+
+I have troubled you with this detail in consequence of Lord Byron's
+charge, which he, who despises and defies, and has lampooned the Whigs
+all round, only invented out of wantonness, and for the sake of annoying
+me--and he has certainly succeeded, thanks to your circulating this
+filthy ballad. As for his Lordship's vulgar notions about the _mob_,
+they are very fit for the Poet of the _Morning Post_, and for nobody
+else. Nothing in the ballad annoyed me but the charge about the
+Cambridge club, because nothing else had the semblance of truth; and I
+own it has hurt me very much to find Lord Byron playing into the hands
+of the Holland House sycophants, for whom he has himself the most
+sovereign contempt, and whom in other days I myself have tried to induce
+him to tolerate.
+
+I shall say no more on this unpleasant subject except that, by a letter
+which I have just received from Lord Byron, I think he is ashamed of his
+song. I shall certainly speak as plainly to him as I have taken the
+liberty to do to you on this matter. He was very wanton and you very
+indiscreet; but I trust neither one nor the other meant mischief, and
+there's an end of it. Do not aggravate matters by telling how much I
+have been annoyed. Lord Byron has sent me a list of his new poems and
+some prose, all of which he requests me to prepare for the press for
+him. The monied arrangement is to be made by Mr. Kinnaird. When you are
+ready for me, the materials may be sent to me at this place, where I
+have taken up my abode for the season.
+
+I remain, very truly yours, JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE.
+
+Towards the end of 1820 Lord Byron wrote a long letter to Mr. Murray on
+Mr. Bowles's strictures on the "Life and Writings of Pope." It was a
+subject perhaps unworthy of his pen, but being an ardent admirer of
+Pope, he thought it his duty to "bowl him [Bowles] down." "I mean to lay
+about me," said Byron, "like a dragon, till I make manure of Bowles for
+the top of Parnassus."
+
+After some revision, the first and second letters to Bowles were
+published, and were well received.
+
+The tragedy of "Sardanapalus," the last three acts of which had been
+written in a fortnight, was despatched to Murray on May 30, 1821, and
+was within a few weeks followed by "The Two Foscari: an Historical
+Tragedy"--which had been composed within a month--and on September 10
+by "Cain, a Mystery." The three dramas, "Sardanapalus," "The Two
+Foscari," and "Cain, a Mystery," were published together in December
+1821, and Mr. Murray paid Lord Byron for them the sum of £2,710.
+
+"Cain" was dedicated, by his consent, to Sir Walter Scott, who, in
+writing to Mr. Murray, described it as "a very grand and tremendous
+drama." On its first appearance it was reprinted in a cheap form by two
+booksellers, under the impression that the Court of Chancery would not
+protect it, and it therefore became necessary to take out an injunction
+to restrain these piratical publishers.
+
+The case came before Lord Chancellor Eldon on February 9. Mr. Shadwell,
+Mr. Spence, and Sergeant Copley were retained by Mr. Murray, and after
+considerable discussion the injunction was refused, the Lord Chancellor
+intimating that the publisher must establish his right to the
+publication at law, and obtain the decision of a jury, on which he would
+grant the injunction required. This was done accordingly, and the
+copyright in "Cain" was thus secured.
+
+On the death of Allegra, his natural daughter, Lord Byron entrusted to
+Mr. Murray the painful duty of making arrangements for the burial of the
+remains in Harrow Church. Mr. Cunningham, the clergyman of Harrow, wrote
+in answer to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Rev. J.W. Cunningham to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 20, 1822.
+
+Sir,
+
+Mr. Henry Drury was so good as to communicate to me a request conveyed
+to you by Lord Byron respecting the burial of a child in this church.
+Mr. H. Drury will probably have also stated to you my willingness to
+comply with the wish of Lord Byron. Will you forgive me, however, for so
+far trespassing upon you (though a stranger) as to suggest an inquiry
+whether it might not be practicable and desirable to fulfil for the
+_present_ only a _part_ of his Lordship's wish--by burying the child,
+and putting up a tablet with simply its name upon the tablet; and thus
+leaving Lord B. more leisure to reflect upon the character of the
+inscription he may wish to be added. It does seem to me that whatever he
+may wish in the moment of his distress about the loss of this child, he
+will afterwards regret that he should have taken pains to proclaim to
+the world what he will not, I am sure, consider as honourable to his
+name. And if this be probable, then it appears to me the office of a
+true friend not to suffer him to commit himself but to allow his mind an
+opportunity of calm deliberation. I feel constrained to say that the
+inscription he proposed will be felt by every man of refined taste, to
+say nothing of sound morals, to be an offence against taste and
+propriety. My correspondence with his Lordship has been so small that I
+can scarcely venture myself to urge these objections. You perhaps will
+feel no such scruple. I have seen no person who did not concur in the
+propriety of stating them. I would entreat, however, that should you
+think it right to introduce my name into any statement made to Lord
+Byron, you will not do it without assuring him of my unwillingness to
+oppose the smallest obstacle to his wishes, or give the slightest pain
+to his mind. The injury which, in my judgment, he is from day to day
+inflicting upon society is no justification for measures of retaliation
+and unkindness.
+
+Your obedient and faithful Servant, J.W. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+No communication having been received by the Rector, he placed the
+application from Lord Byron before the churchwardens.
+
+_Rev. J.W. Cunningham to John Murray_.
+
+"The churchwardens have been urged to issue their prohibition by several
+leading and influential persons, laymen, in the parish. You are aware
+that as to _ex-parishioners_ the consent of the churchwardens is no less
+necessary than my own; and that therefore the enclosed prohibition is
+decisive as to the putting up of the monument. You will oblige me by
+making known to Lord Byron the precise circumstances of the case.
+
+I am, your obedient Servant, J.W. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+The prohibition was as follows:
+
+HARROW, _September_ 17, 1822.
+
+Honored Sir,
+
+I object on behalf of the parish to admit the tablet of Lord Byron's
+child into the church.
+
+JAMES WINKLEY, _Churchwarden_.
+
+The remains of Allegra, after long delay, were at length buried in the
+church, just under the present door mat, over which the congregation
+enter the church; but no memorial tablet or other record of her appears
+on the walls of Harrow Church.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+BYRON'S DEATH AND THE DESTRUCTION OF HIS MEMOIRS
+
+
+No attempt has here been made to present a strictly chronological record
+of Mr. Murray's life; we have sought only so to group his correspondence
+as to lay before our readers the various episodes which go to form the
+business life of a publisher. In pursuance of this plan we now proceed
+to narrate the closing incidents of his friendship with Lord Byron,
+reserving to subsequent chapters the various other transactions in which
+he was engaged.
+
+During the later months of Byron's residence in Italy this friendship
+had suffered some interruption, due in part perhaps to questions which
+had arisen out of the publication of "Don Juan," and in part to the
+interference of the Hunts. With the activity aroused by his expedition
+to Greece, Byron's better nature reasserted itself, and his last letter
+to his publisher, though already printed in Moore's Life, cannot be
+omitted from these pages:
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+MISSOLONGHI, _February_ 25, 1824.
+
+I have heard from Mr. Douglas Kinnaird that you state "a report of a
+satire on Mr. Gifford having arrived from Italy, _said_ to be written by
+_me_! but that _you_ do not believe it." I dare say you do not, nor any
+body else, I should think. Whoever asserts that I am the author or
+abettor of anything of the kind on Gifford lies in his throat. I always
+regarded him as my literary father, and myself as his prodigal son; if
+any such composition exists, it is none of mine. _You_ know as well as
+anybody upon _whom_ I have or have not written; and _you_ also know
+whether they do or did not deserve that same. And so much for such
+matters. You will perhaps be anxious to hear some news from this part
+of Greece (which is the most liable to invasion); but you will hear
+enough through public and private channels. I will, however, give you
+the events of a week, mingling my own private peculiar with the public;
+for we are here jumbled a little together at present.
+
+On Sunday (the 15th, I believe) I had a strong and sudden convulsive
+attack, which left me speechless, though not motionless-for some strong
+men could not hold me; but whether it was epilepsy, catalepsy, cachexy,
+or apoplexy, or what other _exy_ or _epsy_ the doctors have not decided;
+or whether it was spasmodic or nervous, etc.; but it was very
+unpleasant, and nearly carried me off, and all that. On Monday, they put
+leeches to my temples, no difficult matter, but the blood could not be
+stopped till eleven at night (they had gone too near the temporal artery
+for my temporal safety), and neither styptic nor caustic would cauterise
+the orifice till after a hundred attempts.
+
+On Tuesday a Turkish brig of war ran on shore. On Wednesday, great
+preparations being made to attack her, though protected by her consorts,
+the Turks burned her and retired to Patras. On Thursday a quarrel ensued
+between the Suliotes and the Frank guard at the arsenal: a Swedish
+officer was killed, and a Suliote severely wounded, and a general fight
+expected, and with some difficulty prevented. On Friday, the officer was
+buried; and Captain Parry's English artificers mutinied, under pretence
+that their lives were in danger, and are for quitting the country:--they
+may.
+
+On Saturday we had the smartest shock of an earthquake which I remember
+(and I have felt thirty, slight or smart, at different periods; they are
+common in the Mediterranean), and the whole army discharged their arms,
+upon the same principle that savages beat drums, or howl, during an
+eclipse of the moon:--it was a rare scene altogether--if you had but
+seen the English Johnnies, who had never been out of a cockney workshop
+before!--or will again, if they can help it--and on Sunday, we heard
+that the Vizier is come down to Larissa, with one hundred and odd
+thousand men.
+
+In coming here, I had two escapes; one from the Turks _(one_ of my
+vessels was taken but afterwards released), and the other from
+shipwreck. We drove twice on the rocks near the Scrofes (islands near
+the coast).
+
+I have obtained from the Greeks the release of eight-and-twenty Turkish
+prisoners, men, women, and children, and sent them to Patras and Prevesa
+at my own charges. One little girl of nine years old, who prefers
+remaining with me, I shall (if I live) send, with her mother, probably,
+to Italy, or to England, and adopt her. Her name is Hato, or Hatagée.
+She is a very pretty lively child. All her brothers were killed by the
+Greeks, and she herself and her mother merely spared by special favour
+and owing to her extreme youth, she being then but five or six years
+old.
+
+My health is now better, and I ride about again. My office here is no
+sinecure, so many parties and difficulties of every kind; but I will do
+what I can. Prince Mavrocordato is an excellent person, and does all in
+his power; but his situation is perplexing in the extreme. Still we have
+great hopes of the success of the contest. You will hear, however, more
+of public news from plenty of quarters: for I have little time to write.
+
+Believe me, yours, etc., etc.,
+
+N. BN.
+
+The fierce lawlessness of the Suliotes had now risen to such a height
+that it became necessary, for the safety of the European population, to
+get rid of them altogether; and, by some sacrifices on the part of Lord
+Byron, this object was at length effected. The advance of a month's pay
+by him, and the discharge of their arrears by the Government (the
+latter, too, with money lent for that purpose by the same universal
+paymaster), at length induced these rude warriors to depart from the
+town, and with them vanished all hopes of the expedition against
+Lepanto.
+
+Byron died at Missolonghi on April 19, 1824, and when the body arrived
+in London, Murray, on behalf of Mr. Hobhouse, who was not personally
+acquainted with Dr. Ireland, the Dean of Westminster, wrote to him,
+conveying "the request of the executors and nearest relatives of the
+deceased for permission that his Lordship's remains may be deposited in
+Westminster Abbey, in the most private manner, at an early hour in the
+morning."
+
+Dr. _Ireland to John Murray_. ISLIP, OXFORD, _July_ 8, 1824.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+No doubt the family vault is the most proper place for the remains of
+Lord Byron. It is to be wished, however, that nothing had been said
+_publicly_ about Westminster Abbey before it was known whether the
+remains could be received there. In the newspapers, unfortunately, it
+has been proclaimed by somebody that the Abbey was to be the spot, and,
+on the appearance of this article, I have been questioned as to the
+truth of it from Oxford. My answer has been that the proposal has been
+made, but civilly declined. I had also informed the members of the
+church at Westminster (after your first letter) that I could not grant
+the favour asked. I cannot, therefore, answer now that the case will not
+be mentioned (as it has happened) by some person or other who knows it.
+The best thing to be done, however, by the executors and relatives, is
+to carry away the body, and say as little about it as possible. Unless
+the subject is provoked by some injudicious parade about the remains,
+perhaps the matter will draw little or no notice.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+J. IRELAND,
+
+The death of Byron brought into immediate prominence the question of
+his autobiographical memoirs, the MS. of which he had given to Moore,
+who was at that time his guest at La Mira, near Venice, in 1819.
+
+"A short time before dinner," wrote Moore, "he left the room, and in a
+minute or two returned carrying in his hand a white-leather bag. 'Look
+here,' he said, holding it up, 'this would be worth something to Murray,
+though _you_, I daresay, would not give sixpence for it.' 'What is it?'
+I asked. 'My Life and Adventures,' he answered. On hearing this I raised
+my hands in a gesture of wonder. 'It is not a thing,' he continued,
+'that can be published during my lifetime, but you may have it if you
+like: there, do whatever you please with it.'"
+
+Moore was greatly gratified by the gift, and said the Memoirs would make
+a fine legacy for his little boy. Lord Byron informed Mr. Murray by
+letter what he had done. "They are not," he said, "for publication
+during my life, but when I am cold you may do what you please." In a
+subsequent letter to Mr. Murray, Lord Byron said: "As you say my _prose_
+is good, why don't you treat with Moore for the reversion of my
+Memoirs?--conditionally recollect; not to be published before decease.
+He has the permission to dispose of them, and I advised him to do so."
+Moore thus mentions the subject in his Memoirs:
+
+"_May_ 28, 1820.--Received a letter at last from Lord Byron, through
+Murray, telling me he had informed Lady B. of his having given me his
+Memoirs for the purpose of their being published after his death, and
+offering her the perusal of them in case she might wish to confute any
+of his statements. Her note in answer to this offer (the original of
+which he enclosed me) is as follows":
+
+KIRKBY MALLORY, _March_ 10, 1820.
+
+I received your letter of January 1st, offering for my perusal a Memoir
+of part of my life. I decline to inspect it. I consider the publication
+or circulation of such a composition at any time is prejudicial to Ada's
+future happiness. For my own sake I have no reason to shrink from
+publication; but notwithstanding the injuries which I have suffered, I
+should lament more of the _consequences._
+
+A. BYRON.
+
+To LORD BYRON. [Footnote: For Byron's reply to this letter, see Moore's
+Memoirs, iii. 115.]
+
+Moore received the continuation of Lord Byron's Memoirs on December 26,
+1820, the postage amounting to forty-six francs and a half. "He advises
+me," said Moore in his Diary, "to dispose of the reversion of the MS.
+now." Accordingly, Moore, being then involved in pecuniary
+responsibilities by the defalcations of his deputy in Bermuda,
+endeavoured to dispose of the "Memoirs of Lord Byron." He first wrote to
+the Messrs. Longman, who did not offer him enough; and then to Mr.
+Murray, who offered him the sum of 2,000 guineas, on condition that he
+should be the editor of the Memoirs, and write the Life of Lord Byron.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_. _July_ 24, 1821.
+
+Dear Lord Byron,
+
+I have just received a letter from Mr. Moore--the subject of it is every
+way worthy of your usual liberality--and I had not a moment's hesitation
+in acceding to a proposal which enabled me in any way to join in
+assisting so excellent a fellow. I have told him--which I suppose you
+will think fair--that he should give me all additions that you may from
+time to time make--and in case of survivorship edit the whole--and I
+will leave it as an heirloom to my son.
+
+I have written to accede to Mr. Moore's proposal. I remain, dear Lord
+Byron, Your grateful and faithful Servant, JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Moore accepted the proposal, and then proceeded to draw upon Mr.
+Murray for part of the money. It may be added that the agreement between
+Murray and Moore gave the former the right of publishing the Memoirs
+three months after his Lordship's death. When that event was
+authenticated, the manuscript remained at Mr. Murray's absolute disposal
+if Moore had not previously redeemed it by the repayment of the 2,000
+guineas.
+
+During the period that Mr. Moore had been in negotiation with the
+Longmans and Murray respecting the purchase of the Memoirs, he had given
+"Lady Holland the MS. to read." Lord John Russell also states, in his
+"Memoirs of Moore," that he had read "the greater part, if not the
+whole," and that he should say that some of it was too gross for
+publication. When the Memoirs came into the hands of Mr. Murray, he
+entrusted the manuscript to Mr. Gifford, whose opinion coincided with
+that of Lord John Russell. A few others saw the Memoirs, amongst them
+Washington Irving and Mr. Luttrell. Irving says, in his "Memoirs," that
+Moore showed him the Byron recollections and that they were quite
+unpublishable.
+
+Mr. Moore himself seems to have been thrown into some doubt as to the
+sale of the manuscript by the opinion of his friends. "Lord Holland," he
+said, "expressed some scruples as to the sale of Lord Byron's Memoirs,
+and he wished that I could have got the 2,000 guineas in any other way;
+he seemed to think it was in cold blood, depositing a sort of quiver of
+poisoned arrows for a future warfare upon private character." [Footnote:
+Lord John Russell's "Memoirs, Journals, and Correspondence of Thomas
+Moore," iii. p. 298.] Mr. Moore had a long conversation on the subject
+with Mr. J.C. Hobhouse, "who," he says in his Journal, "is an upright
+and honest man." When speaking of Lord Byron, Hobhouse said, "I know
+more about Lord Byron than any one else, and much more than I should
+wish any one else to know."
+
+Lady Byron offered, through Mr. Kinnaird, to advance 2,000 guineas for
+the redemption of the Memoirs from Mr. Murray, but the negotiation was
+not brought to a definite issue. Moore, when informed of the offer,
+objected to Lady Byron being consulted about the matter, "for this would
+be treachery to Lord Byron's intentions and wishes," but he agreed to
+place the Memoirs at the disposal of Lord Byron's sister, Mrs. Leigh,
+"to be done with exactly as she thought proper." Moore was of opinion
+that those parts of the manuscript should be destroyed which were found
+objectionable; but that those parts should be retained which were not,
+for his benefit and that of the public.
+
+At the same time it must be remembered that Moore's interest in the
+Memoirs had now entirely ceased, for in consequence of the death of Lord
+Byron they had become Mr. Murray's absolute property, in accordance with
+the terms of his purchase. But although Mr. Murray had paid so large a
+sum for the manuscript, and would probably have made a considerable
+profit by its publication, he was nevertheless willing to have it
+destroyed, if it should be the deliberate opinion of his Lordship's
+friends and relatives that such a step was desirable.
+
+Mr. Murray therefore put himself into communication with Lord Byron's
+nearest friends and relations with respect to the disposal of the
+Memoirs. His suggestion was at first strongly opposed by some of them;
+but he urged his objections to publication with increased zeal, even
+renouncing every claim to indemnification for what he had paid to Mr.
+Moore. A meeting of those who were entitled to act in the matter was at
+length agreed upon, and took place in Murray's drawing-room, on May 17,
+1824. There were present Mr. Murray, Mr. Moore, Mr. J.C. Hobhouse,
+Colonel Doyle representing Lady Byron, Mr. Wilmot Horton representing
+Mrs. Leigh, and Mr. Luttrell, a friend of Moore's. Young Mr.
+Murray--then sixteen; the only person of those assembled now living
+[1891]--was also in the room. The discussion was long and stormy before
+the meeting broke up, and nearly led to a challenge between Moore and
+Hobhouse. A reference to the agreement between Moore and Murray became
+necessary, but for a long time that document could not be found; it was
+at length discovered, but only after the decision to commit the
+manuscript to the flames had been made and carried out, and the party
+remained until the last sheet of Lord Byron's Memoirs had vanished in
+smoke up the Albemarle Street chimney.
+
+Immediately after the burning, Mrs. Leigh wrote the following account to
+her friend, the Rev. Mr. Hodgson, an old friend of Byron's:
+
+_The Hon. Mrs. Leigh to the Rev. f. Hodgson_.
+
+"The parties, Messrs. Moore, Murray, Hobhouse, Col. Doyle for Lady B.,
+and Mr. Wilmot for me, and Mr. Luttrell, a friend of Mr. Moore's, met at
+Mr. Murray's; and after a long dispute and nearly quarrelling, upon Mr.
+Wilmot stating what was my wish and opinion, the MS. was burnt, and
+Moore paid Murray the 2,000 guineas. Immediately almost _after_ this was
+done, the legal agreement between Moore and Murray (which had been
+mislaid), was found, and, strange to say, it appeared from it (what both
+had forgotten), that the property of the MS. was Murray's _bond fide_.
+Consequently _he_ had the right to dispose of it as he pleased; and as
+he had behaved most handsomely upon the occasion ... it was desired by
+our family that he should receive the 2,000 guineas back." [Footnote:
+"Memoir of the Rev. F. Hodgson," ii. 139-40.]
+
+But the Byrons did not repay the money. Mr. Moore would not permit it.
+He had borrowed the 2,000 guineas from the Messrs. Longman, and before
+he left the room, he repaid to Mr. Murray the sum he had received for
+the Memoirs, together with the interest during the time that the
+purchase-money had remained in his possession.
+
+The statements made in the press, as to Lord Byron's Memoirs having been
+burnt, occasioned much public excitement, and many applications were
+made to Mr. Murray for information on the subject. Amongst those who
+made particular inquiry was Mr. Jerdan, of the _Literary Gazette,_ who
+inclosed to Mr. Murray the paragraph which he proposed to insert in his
+journal. Mr. Murray informed him that the account was so very erroneous,
+that he desired him either to condense it down to the smallest compass,
+or to omit it altogether. Mr. Jerdan, however, replied that the subject
+was of so much public interest, that he could not refuse to state the
+particulars, and the following was sent to him, prepared by Mr. Murray:
+
+"A general interest having been excited, touching the fate of Lord
+Byron's Memoirs, written by himself, and reports, confused and
+incorrect, having got into circulation upon the subject, it has been
+deemed requisite to signify the real particulars. The manuscript of
+these Memoirs was purchased by Mr. Murray in the year 1821 for the sum
+of two thousand guineas, under certain stipulations which gave him the
+right of publishing them three months after his Lordship's demise. When
+that event was authenticated, the Manuscript consequently remained at
+Mr. Murray's absolute disposal; and a day or two after the melancholy
+intelligence reached London, Mr. Murray submitted to the near
+connections of the family that the MSS. should be destroyed. In
+consequence of this, five persons variously concerned in the matter were
+convened for discussion upon it. As these Memoirs were not calculated to
+augment the fame of the writer, and as some passages were penned in a
+spirit which his better feelings since had virtually retracted, Mr.
+Murray proposed that they should be destroyed, considering it a duty to
+sacrifice every view of profit to the noble author, by whose confidence
+and friendship he had been so long honoured. The result has been, that
+notwithstanding some opposition, he obtained the desired decision, and
+the Manuscript was forthwith committed to the flames. Mr. Murray was
+immediately reimbursed in the purchase-money by Mr. Moore, although Mr.
+Murray had previously renounced every claim to repayment."
+
+The particulars of the transaction are more fully expressed in the
+following letter written by Mr. Murray to Mr. (afterwards Sir) Robert
+Wilmot Horton, two days after the destruction of the manuscript. It
+seems that Mr. Moore had already made a representation to Mr. Horton
+which was not quite correct. [Footnote: Lord J. Russell's " Memoirs,
+etc., of Thomas Moore," iv. p. 188.]
+
+_John Murray to Mr. R. Wilmot Horton_. ALBEMARLE STREET, _May_ 19, 1824.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+On my return home last night I found your letter, dated the 17th,
+calling on me for a specific answer whether I acknowledged the accuracy
+of the statement of Mr. Moore, communicated in it. However unpleasant it
+is to me, your requisition of a specific answer obliges me to say that I
+cannot, by any means, admit the accuracy of that statement; and in order
+to explain to you how Mr. Moore's misapprehension may have arisen, and
+the ground upon which my assertion rests, I feel it necessary to trouble
+you with a statement of all the circumstances of the case, which will
+enable you to judge for yourself.
+
+Lord Byron having made Mr. Moore a present of his Memoirs, Mr. Moore
+offered them for sale to Messrs. Longman & Co., who however declined to
+purchase them; Mr. Moore then made me a similar offer, which I accepted;
+and in November 1821, a joint assignment of the Memoirs was made to me
+by Lord Byron and Mr. Moore, with all legal technicalities, in
+consideration of a sum of 2,000 guineas, which, on the execution of the
+agreement by Mr. Moore, I paid to him. Mr. Moore also covenanted, in
+consideration of the said sum, to act as Editor of the Memoirs, and to
+supply an account of the subsequent events of Lord Byron's life, etc.
+
+Some months after the execution of this assignment, Mr. Moore requested
+me, as a great personal favour to himself and to Lord Byron, to enter
+into a second agreement, by which I should resign the absolute property
+which I had in the Memoirs, and give Mr. Moore and Lord Byron, or any of
+their friends, a power of redemption _during the life of Lord Byron_. As
+the reason pressed upon me for this change was that their friends
+thought there were some things in the Memoirs that might be injurious to
+both, I did not hesitate to make this alteration at Mr. Moore's request;
+and, accordingly, on the 6th day of May, 1822, a second deed was
+executed, stating that, "Whereas Lord Byron and Mr. Moore are now
+inclined to wish the said work not to be published, it is agreed that,
+if either of them shall, _during the life of the said Lord Byron_, repay
+the 2,000 guineas to Mr. Murray, the latter shall redeliver the Memoirs;
+but that, if the sum be not repaid _during the lifetime of Lord Byron_,
+Mr. Murray shall be at full liberty to print and publish the said
+Memoirs within Three Months [Footnote: The words "within Three Months "
+were substituted for "immediately," at Mr. Moore's request--and they
+appear in pencil, in his own handwriting, upon the original draft of the
+deed, which is still in existence.] after the death of the said Lord
+Byron." I need hardly call your particular attention to the words,
+carefully inserted twice over in this agreement, which limited its
+existence to the _lifetime of Lord Byron_; the reason of such limitation
+was obvious and natural--namely that, although I consented to restore
+the work, _while Lord Byron should be alive_ to direct the ulterior
+disposal of it, I would by no means consent to place it _after his
+death_ at the disposal of any other person.
+
+I must now observe that I had never been able to obtain possession of
+the original assignment, which was my sole lien on this property,
+although I had made repeated applications to Mr. Moore to put me into
+possession of the deed, which was stated to be in the hands of Lord
+Byron's banker. Feeling, I confess, in some degree alarmed at the
+withholding the deed, and dissatisfied at Mr. Moore's inattention to my
+interests in this particular, I wrote urgently to him in March 1823, to
+procure me the deed, and at the same time expressed my wish that the
+second agreement should either be cancelled or _at once executed_.
+
+Finding this application unavailing, and becoming, by the greater lapse
+of time, still more doubtful as to what the intentions of the parties
+might be, I, in March 1824, repeated my demand to Mr. Moore in a more
+peremptory manner, and was in consequence at length put into possession
+of the original deed. But, not being at all satisfied with the course
+that had been pursued towards me, I repeated to Mr. Moore my uneasiness
+at the terms on which I stood under the second agreement, and renewed my
+request to him that he would either cancel it, or execute its provisions
+by the immediate redemption of the work, in order that I might exactly
+know what my rights in the property were. He requested time to consider
+this proposition. In a day or two he called, and told me that he would
+adopt the latter alternative--namely, the redemption of the Memoirs--as
+he had found persons who were ready to advance the money on _his
+injuring his life_; and he promised to conclude the business on the
+first day of his return to town, by paying the money and giving up the
+agreement. Mr. Moore did return to town, but did not, that I have heard
+of, take any proceedings for insuring his life; he positively neither
+wrote nor called upon me as he had promised to do (though he was
+generally accustomed to make mine one of his first houses of call);--nor
+did he take any other step, that I am aware of, to show that he had any
+recollection of the conversation which had passed between us previous to
+his leaving town, until _the death of Lord Byron_ had, _ipso facto_,
+cancelled the agreement in question, and completely restored my absolute
+rights over the property of the Memoirs.
+
+You will therefore perceive that there was no verbal agreement in
+existence between Mr. Moore and me, at the time I made a verbal
+agreement with you to deliver the Memoirs to be destroyed. Mr. Moore
+might undoubtedly, _during Lord Byron's life_, have obtained possession
+of the Memoirs, if he had pleased to do so; he however neglected or
+delayed to give effect to our verbal agreement, which, as well as the
+written instrument to which it related, being cancelled by the death of
+Lord Byron, there was no reason whatsoever why I was not at that instant
+perfectly at liberty to dispose of the MS. as I thought proper. Had I
+considered only my own interest as a tradesman, I would have announced
+the work for immediate publication, and I cannot doubt that, under all
+the circumstances, the public curiosity about these Memoirs would have
+given me a very considerable profit beyond the large sum I originally
+paid for them; but you yourself are, I think, able to do me the justice
+of bearing witness that I looked at the case with no such feelings, and
+that my regard for Lord Byron's memory, and my respect for his surviving
+family, made me more anxious that the Memoirs should be immediately
+destroyed, since it was surmised that the publication might be injurious
+to the former and painful to the latter.
+
+As I myself scrupulously refrained from looking into the Memoirs, I
+cannot, from my own knowledge, say whether such an opinion of the
+contents was correct or not; it was enough for me that the friends of
+Lord and Lady Byron united in wishing for their destruction. Why Mr.
+Moore should have wished to preserve them I did not nor will I inquire;
+but, having satisfied myself that he had no right whatever in them, I
+was happy in having an opportunity of making, by a pecuniary sacrifice
+on my part, some return for the honour, and I must add, the profit,
+which I had derived from Lord Byron's patronage and friendship. You will
+also be able to bear witness that--although I could not presume to
+impose an obligation on the friends of Lord Byron or Mr. Moore, by
+refusing to receive the repayment of the 2,000 guineas advanced by
+me--yet I had determined on the destruction of the Memoirs without any
+previous agreement for such repayment:--and you know the Memoirs were
+actually destroyed without any stipulation on my part, but even with a
+declaration that I had destroyed my own private property--and I
+therefore had no claim upon any party for remuneration.
+
+I remain, dear Sir,
+
+Your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+After the burning of the manuscript Sir Walter Scott wrote in his diary:
+"It was a pity that nothing save the total destruction of Byron's
+Memoirs would satisfy his executors; but there was a reason--_premat nox
+alta."_
+
+Shortly after the burning of the Memoirs, Mr. Moore began to meditate
+writing a Life of Lord Byron; "the Longmans looking earnestly and
+anxiously to it as the great source of my means of repaying them their
+money." [Footnote: Moore's Memoirs, iv. 253.] Mr. Moore could not as
+yet, however, proceed with the Life, as the most important letters of
+Lord Byron were those written to Mr. Murray, which were in his exclusive
+possession. Lord John Russell also was against his writing the Life of
+Byron.
+
+"If you write," he wrote to Moore, "write poetry, or, if you can find a
+good subject, write prose; but do not undertake to write the life of
+another reprobate [referring to Moore's "Life of Sheridan"]. In short,
+do anything but write the life of Lord Byron." [Footnote: Moore's
+Memoirs, v. 51.]
+
+Yet Moore grievously wanted money, and this opportunity presented itself
+to him with irresistible force as a means of adding to his resources. At
+length he became reconciled to Mr. Murray through the intercession of
+Mr. Hobhouse. Moore informed the Longmans of the reconciliation, and, in
+a liberal and considerate manner, they said to him, "Do not let us stand
+in the way of any arrangements you may make; it is our wish to see you
+free from debt; and it would be only in this one work that we should be
+separated." It was in this way that Mr. Moore undertook to write for Mr.
+Murray the Life of Lord Byron. Mr. Murray agreed to repay Moore the
+2,000 guineas he had given for the burned Memoirs and £2,000 extra for
+editing the letters and writing the Life, and Moore in his diary says
+that he considered this offer perfectly liberal. Nothing, he adds, could
+be more frank, gentleman-like, and satisfactory than the manner in which
+this affair had been settled on all sides.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+SCOTT'S NOVELS--BLACKWOOD AND MURRAY
+
+
+The account of Mr. Murray's dealings with Lord Byron has carried us
+considerably beyond the date at which we left the history of his general
+business transactions, and compels us to go back to the year 1814, when,
+as is related in a previous chapter, he had associated himself with
+William Blackwood as his Edinburgh agent.
+
+Blackwood, like Murray, was anxious to have a share in the business of
+publishing the works of Walter Scott--especially the novels teeming from
+the press by "The Author of 'Waverley.'" Although Constable and the
+Ballantynes were necessarily admitted to the knowledge of their
+authorship, to the world at large they were anonymous, and the author
+still remained unknown. Mr. Murray had, indeed, pointed out to Mr.
+Canning that "Waverley" was by Walter Scott; but Scott himself trailed
+so many red herrings across the path, that publishers as well as the
+public were thrown off the scent, and both Blackwood and Murray
+continued to be at fault with respect to the authorship of the "Waverley
+Novels."
+
+In February 1816 Ballantyne assured Blackwood that in a very few weeks
+he would have something very important to propose. On April 12
+following, Blackwood addressed the following letter to Murray, "most
+strictly confidential"; and it contained important proposals:
+
+_Mr. W. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Some time ago I wrote to you that James Ballantyne had dined with me,
+and from what then passed I expected that I would soon have something
+very important to communicate. He has now fully explained himself to me,
+with liberty to inform you of anything he has communicated. This,
+however, he entreats of us to keep most strictly to ourselves, trusting
+to our honour that we will not breathe a syllable of it to the dearest
+friends we have.
+
+He began by telling me that he thought he had it now in his power to
+show me how sensible he was of the services I had done him, and how
+anxious he was to accomplish that union of interests which I had so long
+been endeavouring to bring about. Till now he had only made professions;
+now he would act. He said that he was empowered to offer me, along with
+you, a work of fiction in four volumes, such as Waverley, etc.; that he
+had read a considerable part of it; and, knowing the plan of the whole,
+he could answer for its being a production of the very first class; but
+that he was not at liberty to mention its title, nor was he at liberty
+to 'give the author's name. I naturally asked him, was it by the author
+of "Waverley"? He said it was to have no reference to any other work
+whatever, and everyone would be at liberty to form their own conjectures
+as to the author. He only requested that, whatever we might suppose from
+anything that might occur afterwards, we should keep strictly to
+ourselves that we were to be the publishers. The terms he was empowered
+by the author to offer for it were:
+
+1. The author to receive one-half of the profits of each edition; these
+profits to be ascertained by deducting the paper and printing from the
+proceeds of the book sold at sale price; the publishers to be at the
+whole of the expense of advertising. 2. The property of the book to be
+the publishers', who were to print such editions as they chose. 3. The
+only condition upon which the author would agree to these terms is, that
+the publisher should take £600 of John Ballantyne's stock, selected from
+the list annexed, deducting 25 per cent, from the affixed sale prices.
+4. If these terms are agreed to, the stock to the above amount to be
+immediately delivered, and a bill granted at twelve months. 5. That in
+the course of six or eight weeks, J.B. expected to be able to put into
+my hands the first two volumes printed, and that if on perusal we did
+not like the bargain, we should be at liberty to give it up. This he
+considered to be most unlikely; but if it should be the case, he would
+bind himself to repay or redeliver the bill on the books being returned.
+6. That the edition, consisting of 2,000 copies, should be printed and
+ready for delivery by the 1st of October next.
+
+I have thus stated to you as nearly as I can the substance of what
+passed. I tried in various ways to learn something with regard to the
+author; but he was quite impenetrable. My own impression now is, that it
+must be Walter Scott, for no one else would think of burdening us with
+such trash as John B.'s wretched stock. This is such a burden, that I am
+puzzled not a little. I endeavoured every way I could to get him to
+propose other terms, but he told me they could not be departed from in a
+single part; and the other works had been taken on the same conditions,
+and he knew they would be greedily accepted again in the same quarter.
+Consider the matter seriously, and write to me as soon as you can. After
+giving it my consideration, and making some calculations. I confess I
+feel inclined to hazard the speculation; but still I feel doubtful until
+I hear what you think of it. Do not let my opinion, which may be
+erroneous, influence you, but judge for yourself. From the very strong
+terms in which Jas. B. spoke of the work, I am sanguine enough to expect
+it will equal if not surpass any of the others. I would not lay so much
+stress upon what he says if I were not assured that his great interest,
+as well as Mr. Scott's, is to stand in the very best way both with you
+and me. They are anxious to get out of the clutches of Constable, and
+Ballantyne is sensible of the favour I have done and may still do him by
+giving so much employment, besides what he may expect from you. From
+Constable he can expect nothing. I had almost forgotten to mention that
+he assured me in the most solemn manner that we had got the first offer,
+and he ardently hoped we would accept of it. If, however, we did not, he
+trusted to our honour that we would say nothing of it; that the author
+of this work would likely write more; and should we not take this, we
+might have it in our power afterwards to do something with him, provided
+we acted with delicacy in the transaction, as he had no doubt we would
+do. I hope you will be able to write to me soon, and as fully as you
+can. If I have time tomorrow, or I should rather say this day, as it is
+now near one o'clock, I will write you about other matters; and if I
+have no letter from you, will perhaps give you another scolding.
+
+Yours most truly,
+
+W. BLACKWOOD.
+
+A long correspondence took place between Blackwood and Murray on
+Ballantyne's proposal. Blackwood was inclined to accept, notwithstanding
+the odd nature of the proposal, in the firm belief that "the heart's
+desire" of Ballantyne was to get rid of Constable. He sent Murray a list
+of Ballantyne's stock, from which the necessary value of books was to be
+selected. It appeared, however, that there was one point on which
+Blackwood had been mistaken, and that was, that the copyright of the new
+novel was not to be absolutely conveyed, and that all that Ballantyne
+meant, or had authority to offer, was an edition, limited to six
+thousand copies, of the proposed work. Although Murray considered it "a
+blind bargain," he was disposed to accept it, as it might lead to
+something better. Blackwood accordingly communicated to Ballantyne that
+he and Murray accepted his offer.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 27, 1816.
+
+"Everything is settled, and on Tuesday Ballantyne is to give a letter
+specifying the whole terms of the transaction. He could not do it
+sooner, he said, as he had to consult the author. This, I think, makes
+it clear that it is Walter Scott, who is at Abbotsford just now. What
+surprised me a good deal was, James Ballantyne told me that his brother
+John had gone out there with Constable, and Godwin (author of 'Caleb
+Williams'), whom Scott was anxious to see. They are really a strange set
+of people.... I am not over fond of all these mysteries, but they are a
+mysterious set of personages, and we must manage with them in the best
+way that we can."
+
+A letter followed from James Ballantyne to Murray (May I, 1816),
+congratulating him upon concluding the bargain through Blackwood, and
+saying:
+
+"I have taken the liberty of drawing upon you at twelve months for £300
+for your share.... It will be a singularly great accommodation if you
+can return the bill in course of post."
+
+Although Ballantyne had promised that the first edition of the proposed
+work should be ready by October 1, 1816, Blackwood found that in June
+the printing of the work had not yet commenced. Ballantyne said he had
+not yet got any part of the manuscript from the author, but that he
+would press him again on the subject. The controversy still continued as
+to the authorship of the Waverley Novels. "For these six months past,"
+wrote Blackwood (June 6, 1816), "there have been various rumours with
+regard to Greenfield being the author of these Novels, but I never paid
+much attention to it; the thing appeared to me so very improbable....
+But from what I have heard lately, and from what you state, I now begin
+to think that Greenfield may probably be the author." On the other hand,
+Mr. Mackenzie called upon Blackwood, and informed him that "he was now
+quite convinced that Thomas Scott, Walter's brother in Canada, writes
+all the novels." The secret, however, was kept for many years longer.
+
+Blackwood became quite provoked at the delay in proceeding with the
+proposed work.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 21, 1816.
+
+"I begin to fear that S.B. and Cy. are a nest of----. There is neither
+faith nor truth in them. In my last letter I mentioned to you that there
+was not the smallest appearance of the work being yet begun, and there
+is as little still. James Ballantyne shifts this off his own shoulders
+by saying that he cannot help it. Now, my own belief is that at the time
+he made such solemn promises to me that the first volume would be in my
+hands in a month, he had not the smallest expectation of this being the
+case; but he knew that he would not have got our bills, which he
+absolutely wanted, without holding this out. It is now seven weeks since
+the bills were granted, and it is five weeks since I gave him the list
+of books which were to be delivered. I have applied to him again and
+again for them, and on Tuesday last his man at length called on me to
+say that John Ballantyne & Co. could not deliver fifty sets of 'Kerr's
+Voyages'--that they had only such quantities of particular odd volumes
+of which he showed me a list."
+
+Blackwood called upon Ballantyne, but he could not see him, and instead
+of returning Blackwood's visit, he sent a note of excuse. Next time they
+met was at Hollingworth's Hotel, after which Ballantyne sent Blackwood a
+letter "begging for a loan of £50 till next week, but not a word of
+business in it." Next time they met was at the same hotel, when the two
+dined with Robert Miller.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+"After dinner I walked home with J.B. Perhaps from the wine he had
+drunk, he was very communicative, and gave me a great deal of very
+curious and interesting private history. Would you believe it, that
+about six weeks ago--at the very time our transaction was going
+on--these worthies, Scott, Ballantyne & Co., concluded a transaction
+with Constable for 10,000 copies of this said 'History of Scotland'
+[which had been promised to Blackwood and Murray] in 4 vols., and
+actually received bills for the profits expected to be realized from
+this large number! Yet, when I put James Ballantyne in mind on Tuesday
+of what he had formally proposed by desire of Mr. Scott, and assured us
+we were positively to get the work, and asked him if there was any truth
+in the rumour I had heard, and even that you had heard, about Mr. Scott
+being about to publish a 'History of Scotland' with his name, and
+further asked him if Mr. Scott was now ready to make any arrangements
+with us about it (for it never occurred to me that he could make
+arrangements with any one else), he solemnly assured me that he knew
+nothing about it! Now, after this, what confidence can we have in
+anything that this man will say or profess! I confess I am sadly
+mortified at my own credulousness. John I always considered as no better
+than a swindler, but James I put some trust and confidence in. You
+judged more accurately, for you always said that 'he was a damned
+cunning fellow!' Well, there is every appearance of your being right;
+but his cunning (as it never does) will not profit him. Within these
+three years I have given him nearly £1,400 for printing, and in return
+have only received empty professions, made, to be sure, in the most
+dramatic manner. Trite as the saying is, honesty is always the best
+policy; and if we live a little longer, we shall see what will be the
+end of all their cunning, never-ending labyrinths of plots and schemes.
+Constable is the proper person for them; set a thief to catch a thief:
+Jonathan Wild will be fully a match for any of the heroes of the
+'Beggar's Opera.' My blood boils when I think of them, and still more
+when I think of my allowing myself so long to keep my eyes shut to what
+I ought to have seen long ago. But the only apology I make to myself is,
+that one does not wish to think so ill of human nature. There is an old
+Scotch proverb, 'He has need o' a lang spoon that sups wi' the De'il,'
+and since we are engaged, let us try if we can partake of the broth
+without scalding ourselves. I still hope that we may; and however much
+my feelings revolt at having any connection in future with them, yet I
+shall endeavour to the best of my power to repress my bile, and to turn
+their own tricks against themselves. One in business must submit to many
+things, and swallow many a bitter pill, when such a man as Walter Scott
+is the object in view. You will see, by this day's Edinburgh papers,
+that the copartnery of John Ballantyne & Co. is formally dissolved.
+Miller told me that, before James Ballantyne could get his wife's
+friends to assent to the marriage, Walter Scott was obliged to grant
+bonds and securities, taking upon himself all the engagements of John
+Ballantyne & Co., as well as of James Ballantyne & Co.; [Footnote:
+Lockhart says, in his "Life of Scott," that "in Feb., 1816, when James
+Ballantyne married, it is clearly proved, by letters in his handwriting,
+that he owed to Scott more than £3,000 of personal debt."] so that, if
+there was any difficulty on their part, he bound himself to fulfil the
+whole. When we consider the large sums of money Walter Scott has got for
+his works, the greater part of which has been thrown into the hands of
+the Ballantynes, and likewise the excellent printing business J.B. has
+had for so many years, it is quite incomprehensible what has become of
+all the money. Miller says, 'It is just a jaw hole which swallows up
+all,' and from what he has heard he does not believe Walter Scott is
+worth anything."
+
+Murray was nevertheless willing to go on until the terms of his bargain
+with Ballantyne were fulfilled, and wrote to Blackwood that he was
+"resolved to swallow the pill, bitter though it was," but he expressed
+his surprise that "Mr. Scott should have allowed his property to be
+squandered as it has been by these people."
+
+Blackwood, however, was in great anxiety about the transaction, fearing
+the result of the engagement which he and Murray had entered into.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_July 2_, 1816.
+
+"This morning I got up between five and six, but instead of sitting down
+to write to you, as I had intended, I mounted my pony and took a long
+ride to collect my thoughts. Sitting, walking, or riding is all the
+same. I feel as much puzzled as ever, and undetermined whether or not to
+cut the Gordian knot. Except my wife, there is not a friend whom I dare
+advise with. I have not once ventured to mention the business at all to
+my brother, on account of the cursed mysteries and injunctions of
+secrecy connected with it. I know he would blame me for ever engaging in
+it, for he has a very small opinion of the Ballantynes. I cannot
+therefore be benefited by his advice. Mrs. Blackwood, though she always
+disliked my having any connection with the Ballantynes, rather thinks we
+should wait a few weeks longer, till we see what is produced. I believe,
+after all, this is the safest course to pursue. I would beg of you,
+however, to think maturely upon the affair, taking into account Mr.
+Scott's usefulness to the _Review_. Take a day or two to consider the
+matter fully, and then give me your best advice.... As to Constable or
+his triumphs, as he will consider them, I perfectly agree with you that
+they are not to be coveted by us, and that they should not give us a
+moment's thought. Thank God, we shall never desire to compass any of our
+ends by underhand practices."
+
+Meanwhile correspondence with Ballantyne about the work of fiction--the
+name of which was still unknown-was still proceeding. Ballantyne said
+that the author "promised to put the first volume in his hands by the
+end of August, and that the whole would be ready for publication by
+Christmas." Blackwood thought this reply was "humbug, as formerly."
+Nevertheless, he was obliged to wait. At last he got the first sight of
+the manuscript.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 23, 1816. _Midnight_.
+
+"MY DEAR MURRAY,--I have this moment finished the reading of 192 pages
+of our book--for ours it must be,--and I cannot go to bed without
+telling you what is the strong and most favourable impression it has
+made upon me. If the remainder be at all equal--which it cannot fail to
+be, from the genius displayed in what is now before me--we have been
+most fortunate indeed. The title as, TALKS OF MY LANDLORD; _collected
+and reported by Jedediah Cleishbotham, Pariah Clerk and Schoolmaster of
+Gandercleugh_."
+
+Mr. Blackwood then proceeds to give an account of the Introduction, the
+commencement of "The Black Dwarf," the first of the tales, and the
+general nature of the story, to the end of the fourth chapter. His
+letter is of great length, and extends to nine quarto pages. He
+concludes:
+
+"There cannot be a doubt as to the splendid merit of the work. It would
+never have done to have hesitated and higgled about seeing more volumes.
+In the note which accompanied the sheets, Ballantyne says, 'each volume
+contains a Tale,' so there will be four in all. [Footnote: This, the
+original intention, was departed from.] The next relates to the period
+of the Covenanters. I have now neither doubts nor fears with regard to
+the whole being good, and I anxiously hope that you will have as little.
+I am so happy at the fortunate termination of all my pains and
+anxieties, that I cannot be in bad humour with you for not writing me
+two lines in answer to my last letters. I hope I shall hear from you
+to-morrow; but I entreat of you to write me in course of post, as I wish
+to hear from you before I leave this [for London], which I intend to do
+on this day se'nnight by the smack."
+
+At length the principal part of the manuscript of the novel was in the
+press, and, as both the author and the printer were in sore straits for
+money, they became importunate on Blackwood and Murray for payment on
+account. They had taken Ballantyne's "wretched stock" of books, as
+Blackwood styled them, and Lockhart, in his "Life of Scott," infers that
+Murray had consented to anticipate the period of his payments. At all
+events, he finds in a letter of Scott's, written in August, these words
+to John Ballantyne: "Dear John,--I have the pleasure to enclose Murray's
+acceptances. I earnestly recommend you to push, realising as much as you
+can.
+
+"Consider weel, gude mon,
+  We hae but borrowed gear,
+The horse that I ride on,
+  It is John Murray's mear."
+
+Scott was at this time sorely pressed for ready money. He was buying one
+piece of land after another, usually at exorbitant prices, and having
+already increased the estate of Abbotsford from 150 to nearly 1,000
+acres, he was in communication with Mr. Edward Blore as to the erection
+of a dwelling adjacent to the cottage, at a point facing the Tweed. This
+house grew and expanded, until it became the spacious mansion of
+Abbotsford. The Ballantynes also were ravenous for more money; but they
+could get nothing from Blackwood and Murray before the promised work was
+finished.
+
+At last the book was completed, printed, and published on December 1,
+1816; but without the magical words, "by the Author of 'Waverley,'" on
+the title-page. All doubts as to the work being by the author of
+"Waverley," says Lockhart, had worn themselves out before the lapse of a
+week.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Wm. Blackwood_.
+
+_December_ 13, 1816.
+
+"Having now heard every one's opinion about our 'Tales of my Landlord,'
+I feel competent to assure you that it is universally in their favour.
+There is only 'Meg Merrilies' in their way. It is even, I think,
+superior to the other three novels. You may go on printing as many and
+as fast as you can; for we certainly need not stop until we come to the
+end of our, unfortunately, limited 6,000.... My copies are more than
+gone, and if you have any to spare pray send them up instantly."
+
+On the following day Mr. Murray wrote to Mr. Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_December_ 14, 1816.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Although I dare not address you as the author of certain Tales--which,
+however, must be written either by Walter Scott or the devil--yet
+nothing can restrain me from thinking that it is to your influence with
+the author of them that I am indebted for the essential honour of being
+one of their publishers; and I must intrude upon you to offer my most
+hearty thanks, not divided but doubled, alike for my worldly gain
+therein, and for the great acquisition of professional reputation which
+their publication has already procured me. As to delight, I believe I
+could, under any oath that could be proposed, swear that I never
+experienced such great and unmixed pleasure in all my life as the
+reading of this exquisite work has afforded me; and if you witnessed the
+wet eyes and grinning cheeks with which, as the author's chamberlain, I
+receive the unanimous and vehement praise of them from every one who has
+read them, or heard the curses of those whose needs my scanty supply
+would not satisfy, you might judge of the sincerity with which I now
+entreat you to assure the author of the most complete success. After
+this, I could throw all the other books which I have in the press into
+the Thames, for no one will either read them or buy. Lord Holland said,
+when I asked his opinion: "Opinion? we did not one of us go to bed all
+night, and nothing slept but my gout." Frere, Hallam, and Boswell; Lord
+Glenbervie came to me with tears in his eyes. "It is a cordial," he
+said, "which has saved Lady Glenbervie's life." Heber, who found it on
+his table on his arrival from a journey, had no rest till he had read
+it. He has only this moment left me, and he, with many others, agrees
+that it surpasses all the other novels. Wm. Lamb also; Gifford never
+read anything like it, he says; and his estimate of it absolutely
+increases at each recollection of it. Barrow with great difficulty was
+forced to read it; and he said yesterday, "Very good, to be sure, but
+what powerful writing is _thrown away_." Heber says there are only two
+men in the world, Walter Scott and Lord Byron. Between you, you have
+given existence to a third.
+
+Ever your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+This letter did not effectually "draw the badger." Scott replied in the
+following humorous but Jesuitical epistle:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_December 18, 1816_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I give you hearty joy of the success of the Tales, although I do not
+claim that paternal interest in them which my friends do me the credit
+to assign to me. I assure you I have never read a volume of them till
+they were printed, and can only join with the rest of the world in
+applauding the true and striking portraits which they present of old
+Scottish manners.
+
+I do not expect implicit reliance to be placed on my disavowal, because
+I know very well that he who is disposed not to own a work must
+necessarily deny it, and that otherwise his secret would be at the mercy
+of all who chose to ask the question, since silence in such a case must
+always pass for consent, or rather assent. But I have a mode of
+convincing you that I am perfectly serious in my denial--pretty similar
+to that by which Solomon distinguished the fictitious from the real
+mother--and that is by reviewing the work, which I take to be an
+operation equal to that of quartering the child.... Kind compliments to
+Heber, whom I expected at Abbotsford this summer; also to Mr. Croker and
+all your four o'clock visitors. I am just going to Abbotsford, to make a
+small addition to my premises there. I have now about seven hundred
+acres, thanks to the booksellers and the discerning public.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+The happy chance of securing a review of the Tales by the author of
+"Waverley" himself exceeded Murray's most sanguine expectations, and
+filled him with joy. He suggested that the reviewer, instead of sending
+an article on the Gypsies, as he proposed, should introduce whatever he
+had to say about that picturesque race in his review of the Tales, by
+way of comment on the character of Meg Merrilies. The review was
+written, and appeared in No. 32 of the _Quarterly_, in January 1817, by
+which time the novel had already gone to a third edition. It is curious
+now to look back upon the author reviewing his own work. He adopted
+Murray's view, and besides going over the history of "Waverley," and the
+characters introduced in that novel, he introduced a disquisition about
+Meg Merrilies and the Gypsies, as set forth in his novel of "Guy
+Mannering." He then proceeded to review the "Black Dwarf" and "Old
+Mortality," but with the utmost skill avoided praising them, and rather
+endeavoured to put his friends off the scent by undervaluing them, and
+finding fault. The "Black Dwarf," for example, was full of "violent
+events which are so common in romance, and of such rare occurrence in
+real life." Indeed, he wrote, "the narrative is unusually artificial;
+neither hero nor heroine excites interest of any sort, being just that
+sort of _pattern_ people whom nobody cares a farthing about."
+
+"The other story," he adds, "is of much deeper interest." He describes
+the person who gave the title to the novel--Robert Paterson, of the
+parish of Closeburn, in Dumfriesshire--and introduces a good deal of
+historical knowledge, but takes exception to many of the circumstances
+mentioned in the story, at the same time quoting some of the best
+passages about Cuddie Headrigg and his mother. In respect to the
+influence of Claverhouse and General Dalzell, the reviewer states that
+"the author has cruelly falsified history," and relates the actual
+circumstances in reference to these generals. "We know little," he says,
+"that the author can say for himself to excuse these sophistications,
+and, therefore, may charitably suggest that he was writing a romance,
+and not a history." In conclusion, the reviewer observed, "We intended
+here to conclude this long article, when a strong report reached us of
+certain trans-Atlantic confessions, which, if genuine (though of this we
+know nothing), assign a different author to these volumes than the party
+suspected by our Scottish correspondents. Yet a critic may be excused
+seizing upon the nearest suspicious person, on the principle happily
+expressed by Claverhouse in a letter to the Earl of Linlithgow. He had
+been, it seems, in search of a gifted weaver who used to hold forth at
+conventicles. "I sent to seek the webster (weaver); they brought in his
+_brother_ for him; though he maybe cannot preach like his brother, I
+doubt not but he is as well-principled as he, wherefore I thought it
+would be no great fault to give him the trouble to go to the jail with
+the rest."
+
+Mr. Murray seems to have accepted the suggestion and wrote in January
+1817 to Mr. Blackwood:
+
+"I can assure you, but _in the greatest confidence_, that I have
+discovered the author of all these Novels to be Thomas Scott, Walter
+Scott's brother. He is now in Canada. I have no doubt but that Mr.
+Walter Scott did a great deal to the first 'Waverley Novel,' because of
+his anxiety to serve his brother, and his doubt about the success of the
+work. This accounts for the many stories about it. Many persons had
+previously heard from Mr. Scott, but you may rely on the certainty of
+what I have told you. The whole country is starving for want of a
+complete supply of the 'Tales of my Landlord,' respecting the interest
+and merit of which there continues to be but one sentiment."
+
+A few weeks later Blackwood wrote to Murray:
+
+_January_ 22, 1817.
+
+"It is an odd story here, that Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Scott are the authors
+of all these Novels. I, however, still think, as Mr. Croker said to me
+in one of his letters, that if they were not by Mr. Walter Scott, the
+only alternative is to give them to the devil, as by one or the other
+they must be written."
+
+On the other hand, Bernard Barton wrote to Mr. Murray, and said that he
+had "heard that James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was the author of
+'Tales of my Landlord,' and that he had had intimation from himself to
+that effect," by no means an improbable story considering Hogg's vanity.
+Lady Mackintosh also wrote to Mr. Murray: "Did you hear who this _new_
+author of 'Waverley' and 'Guy Mannering' is? Mrs. Thomas Scott, as Mr.
+Thomas Scott assured Lord Selkirk (who had been in Canada), and his
+lordship, like Lord Monboddo, believes it." Murray again wrote to
+Blackwood (February 15, 1817): "What is your theory as to the author of
+'Harold the Dauntless'? I will believe, till within an inch of my life,
+that the author of 'Tales of my Landlord' is Thomas Scott."
+
+Thus matters remained until a few years later, when George IV. was on
+his memorable visit to Edinburgh. Walter Scott was one of the heroes of
+the occasion, and was the selected cicerone to the King. One day George
+IV., in the sudden and abrupt manner which is peculiar to our Royal
+Family, asked Scott point-blank: "By the way, Scott, are you the author
+of 'Waverley'?" Scott as abruptly answered: "No, Sire!" Having made this
+answer (said Mr. Thomas Mitchell, who communicated the information to
+Mr. Murray some years later), "it is supposed that he considered it a
+matter of honour to keep the secret during the present King's reign. If
+the least personal allusion is made to the subject in Sir Walter's
+presence, Matthews says that his head gently drops upon his breast, and
+that is a signal for the person to desist."
+
+With respect to the first series of the "Tales of my Landlord," so soon
+as the 6,000 copies had been disposed of which the author, through
+Ballantyne, had covenanted as the maximum number to be published by
+Murray and Blackwood, the work reverted to Constable, and was published
+uniformly with the other works by the author of "Waverley."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+ALLIANCE WITH BLACKWOOD--BLACKWOOD'S "EDINBURGH MAGAZINE"--TERMINATION
+OF PARTNERSHIP
+
+
+We have already seen that Mr. Murray had some correspondence with Thomas
+Campbell in 1806 respecting the establishment of a monthly magazine;
+such an undertaking had long been a favourite scheme of his, and he had
+mentioned the subject to many friends at home as well as abroad. When,
+therefore, Mr. Blackwood started his magazine, Murray was ready to enter
+into his plans, and before long announced to the public that he had
+become joint proprietor and publisher of Blackwood's _Edinburgh
+Magazine_.
+
+There was nothing very striking in the early numbers of the _Magazine_,
+and it does not appear to have obtained a considerable circulation. The
+first editors were Thomas Pringle, who--in conjunction with a
+friend--was the author of a poem entitled "The Institute," and James
+Cleghorn, best known as a contributor to the _Farmers' Magazine_.
+Constable, who was himself the proprietor of the _Scots Magazine_ as
+well as of the _Farmers' Magazine_, desired to keep the monopoly of the
+Scottish monthly periodicals in his own hands, and was greatly opposed
+to the new competitor. At all events, he contrived to draw away from
+Blackwood Pringle and Cleghorn, and to start a new series of the _Scots
+Magazine_ under the title of the _Edinburgh Magazine_. Blackwood
+thereupon changed the name of his periodical to that by which it has
+since been so well known. He undertook the editing himself, but soon
+obtained many able and indefatigable helpers.
+
+There were then two young advocates walking the Parliament House in
+search of briefs. These were John Wilson (Christopher North) and John
+Gibson Lockhart (afterwards editor of the _Quarterly_). Both were
+West-countrymen--Wilson, the son of a wealthy Paisley manufacturer, and
+Lockhart, the son of the minister of Cambusnethan, in Lanarkshire--and
+both had received the best of educations, Wilson, the robust Christian,
+having carried off the Newdigate prize at Oxford, and Lockhart, having
+gained the Snell foundation at Glasgow, was sent to Balliol, and took a
+first class in classics in 1813. These, with Dr. Maginn--under the
+_sobriquet_ of "Morgan O'Dogherty,"--Hogg--the Ettrick Shepherd,--De
+Quincey--the Opium-eater,--Thomas Mitchell, and others, were the
+principal writers in _Blackwood_.
+
+No. 7, the first of the new series, created an unprecedented stir in
+Edinburgh. It came out on October 1, 1817, and sold very rapidly, but
+after 10,000 had been struck off it was suppressed, and could be had
+neither for love nor money. The cause of this sudden attraction was an
+article headed "Translation from an Ancient Chaldee Manuscript,"
+purporting to be an extract from some newly discovered historical
+document, every paragraph of which contained a special hit at some
+particular person well known in Edinburgh society. There was very little
+ill-nature in it; at least, nothing like the amount which it excited in
+those who were, or imagined themselves to be, caricatured in it.
+Constable, the "Crafty," and Pringle and Cleghorn, editors of the
+_Edinburgh Magazine_, as well as Jeffrey, editor of the _Edinburgh
+Review_, came in for their share of burlesque description.
+
+Among the persons delineated in the article were the publisher of
+Blackwood's _Edinburgh Magazine_, whose name "was as it had been, the
+colour of Ebony": indeed the name of Old Ebony long clung to the
+journal. The principal writers of the article were themselves included
+in the caricature. Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was described as "the
+great wild boar from the forest of Lebanon, and he roused up his spirit,
+and I saw him whetting his dreadful tusks for the battle." Wilson was
+"the beautiful leopard," and Lockhart "the scorpion,"--names which were
+afterwards hurled back at them with interest. Walter Scott was described
+as "the great magician who dwelleth in the old fastness, hard by the
+river Jordan, which is by the Border." Mackenzie, Jameson, Leslie,
+Brewster, Tytler, Alison, M'Crie, Playfair, Lord Murray, the Duncans--in
+fact, all the leading men of Edinburgh were hit off in the same fashion.
+
+Mrs. Garden, in her "Memorials of James Hogg," says that "there is no
+doubt that Hogg wrote the first draft; indeed, part of the original is
+still in the possession of the family.... Some of the more irreverent
+passages were not his, or were at all events largely added to by others
+before publication." [Footnote: Mrs. Garden's "Memorials of James Hogg,"
+p. 107.] In a recent number of _Blackwood_ it is said that:
+
+"Hogg's name is nearly associated with the Chaldee Manuscript. Of course
+he claimed credit for having written the skit, and undoubtedly he
+originated the idea. The rough draft came from his pen, and we cannot
+speak with certainty as to how it was subsequently manipulated. But
+there is every reason to believe that Wilson and Lockhart, probably
+assisted by Sir William Hamilton, went to work upon it, and so altered
+it that Hogg's original offspring was changed out of all knowledge."
+[Footnote: _Blackwood's Magazine_, September 1882, pp. 368-9.]
+
+The whole article was probably intended as a harmless joke; and the
+persons indicated, had they been wise, might have joined in the laugh or
+treated the matter with indifference. On the contrary, however, they
+felt profoundly indignant, and some of them commenced actions in the
+Court of Session for the injuries done to their reputation.
+
+The same number of _Blackwood_ which contained the "Translation from an
+Ancient Chaldee Manuscript," contained two articles, one probably by
+Wilson, on Coleridge's "Biographia Literaria," the other, signed "Z," by
+Lockhart, being the first of a series on "The Cockney School of Poetry."
+They were both clever, but abusive, and exceedingly personal in their
+allusions.
+
+Murray expostulated with Blackwood on the personality of the articles.
+He feared lest they should be damaging to the permanent success of the
+journal. Blackwood replied in a long letter, saying that the journal was
+prospering, and that it was only Constable and his myrmidons who were
+opposed to it, chiefly because of its success.
+
+In August 1818, Murray paid £1,000 for a half share in the magazine,
+and from this time he took a deep and active interest in its progress,
+advising Blackwood as to its management, and urging him to introduce
+more foreign literary news, as well as more scientific information. He
+did not like the idea of two editors, who seem to have taken the
+management into their own hands.
+
+Subsequent numbers of _Blackwood_ contained other reviews of "The
+Cockney School of Poetry": Leigh Hunt, "the King of the Cockneys," was
+attacked in May, and in August it was the poet Keats who came under the
+critic's lash, four months after Croker's famous review of "Endymion" in
+the _Quarterly_. [Footnote: It was said that Keats was killed by this
+brief notice, of four pages, in the _Quarterly_; and Byron, in his "Don
+Juan," gave credit to this statement:
+
+     "Poor Keats, who was killed off by one critique,
+        Just as he really promised something great,...
+      'Tis strange, the mind, that very fiery particle,
+      Should let itself be snuffed out by an article."
+
+Leigh Hunt, one of Keats' warmest friends, when in Italy, told Lord
+Byron (as he relates in his Autobiography) the real state of the case,
+proving to him that the supposition of Keats' death being the result of
+the review was a mistake, and therefore, if printed, would be a
+misrepresentation. But the stroke of wit was not to be given up. Either
+Mr. Gifford, or "the poet-priest Milman," has generally, but
+erroneously, been blamed for being the author of the review in the
+_Quarterly_, which, as is now well known, was written by Mr. Croker.]
+
+The same number of _Blackwood_ contained a short article about
+Hazlitt--elsewhere styled "pimpled Hazlitt." It was very short, and
+entitled "Hazlitt cross-questioned." Hazlitt considered the article full
+of abuse, and commenced an action for libel against the proprietors of
+the magazine. Upon this Blackwood sent Hazlitt's threatening letter to
+Murray, with his remarks:
+
+_Mr. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1818.
+
+"I suppose this fellow merely means to make a little bluster, and try if
+he can pick up a little money. There is nothing whatever actionable in
+the paper.... The article on Hazlitt, which will commence next number,
+will be a most powerful one, and this business will not deprive it of
+any of its edge."
+
+_September_ 25, 1818.
+
+"What are people saying about that fellow Hazlitt attempting to
+prosecute? There was a rascally paragraph in the _Times_ of Friday last
+mentioning the prosecution, and saying the magazine was a work filled
+with private slander. My friends laugh at the idea of his prosecution."
+
+Mr. Murray, however, became increasingly dissatisfied with this state of
+things; he never sympathised with the slashing criticisms of
+_Blackwood_, and strongly disapproved of the personalities, an opinion
+which was shared by most of his literary friends. At the same time his
+name was on the title-page of the magazine, and he was jointly
+responsible with Blackwood for the articles which appeared there.
+
+In a long letter dated September 28, 1818, Mr. Murray deprecated the
+personality of the articles in the magazine, and entreated that they be
+kept out. If not, he begged that Blackwood would omit his name from the
+title-page of the work.
+
+A long correspondence took place during the month of October between
+Murray and Blackwood: the former continuing to declaim against the
+personality of the articles; the latter averring that there was nothing
+of the sort in the magazine. If Blackwood would only keep out these
+personal attacks, Murray would take care to send him articles by Mr.
+Frere, Mr. Barrow, and others, which would enhance the popularity and
+respectability of the publication.
+
+In October of this year was published an anonymous pamphlet, entitled
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled," which raked up the whole of the joke contained in
+the "Translation from an Ancient Chaldee Manuscript," published a year
+before. The number containing it had, as we have already seen, been
+suppressed, because of the offence it had given to many persons of
+celebrity, while the general tone of bitterness and personality had been
+subsequently modified, if not abandoned. Murray assured Blackwood that
+his number for October 1818 was one of the best he had ever read, and he
+desired him to "offer to his friends his very best thanks and
+congratulations upon the production of so admirable a number." "With
+this number," he said, "you have given me a fulcrum upon which I will
+move heaven and earth to get subscribers and contributors." Indeed,
+several of the contributions in this surpassingly excellent number had
+been sent to the Edinburgh publisher through the instrumentality of
+Murray himself.
+
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled" was a lampoon of a scurrilous and commonplace
+character, in which the leading contributors to and the publishers of
+the magazine were violently attacked. Both Murray and Blackwood, who
+were abused openly, by name, resolved to take no notice of it; but
+Lockhart and Wilson, who were mentioned under the thin disguise of "the
+Scorpion" and "the Leopard," were so nettled by the remarks on
+themselves, that they, in October 1818, both sent challenges to the
+anonymous author, through the publisher of the pamphlet. This most
+injudicious step only increased their discomfiture, as the unknown
+writer not only refused to proclaim his identity, but published and
+circulated the challenges, together with a further attack on Lockhart
+and Wilson.
+
+This foolish disclosure caused bitter vexation to Murray, who wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Blackwood_.
+
+_October_ 27, 1818.
+
+My DEAR BLACKWOOD,
+
+I really can recollect no parallel to the palpable absurdity of your two
+friends. If they had planned the most complete triumph to their
+adversaries, nothing could have been so successfully effective. They
+have actually given up their names, as the authors of the offences
+charged upon them, by implication only, in the pamphlet. How they could
+possibly conceive that the writer of the pamphlet would be such an idiot
+as to quit his stronghold of concealment, and allow his head to be
+chopped off by exposure, I am at a loss to conceive....
+
+I declare to God that had I known what I had so incautiously engaged in,
+I would not have undertaken what I have done, or have suffered what I
+have in my feelings and character--which no man had hitherto the
+slightest cause for assailing--I would not have done so for any sum....
+
+In answer to these remonstrances Blackwood begged him to dismiss the
+matter from his mind, to preserve silence, and to do all that was
+possible to increase the popularity of the magazine. The next number,
+he said, would be excellent and unexceptionable; and it proved to be so.
+
+The difficulty, however, was not yet over. While the principal editors
+of the Chaldee Manuscript had thus revealed themselves to the author of
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled," the London publisher of _Blackwood_ was, in
+November 1818, assailed by a biting pamphlet, entitled "A Letter to Mr.
+John Murray, of Albemarle Street, occasioned by his having undertaken
+the publication, in London, of _Blackwood's Magazine_." "The curse of
+his respectability," he was told, had brought the letter upon him. "Your
+name stands among the very highest in the department of Literature which
+has fallen to your lot: the eminent persons who have confided in you,
+and the works you have given to the world, have conduced to your
+establishment in the public favour; while your liberality, your
+impartiality, and your private motives, bear testimony to the justice of
+your claims to that honourable distinction."
+
+Other criticisms of the same kind reached Mr. Murray's ear. Moore, in
+his Diary (November 4, 1818), writes: "Received two most civil and
+anxious letters from the great 'Bibliopola Tryphon' Murray, expressing
+his regret at the article in _Blackwood_, and his resolution to give up
+all concern in it if it contained any more such personalities."
+[Footnote: "Memoirs, Journal, and Correspondence of Thomas Moore," ii.
+210. By Lord John Russell.]
+
+Finally the Hazlitt action was settled. Blackwood gave to Murray the
+following account of the matter:
+
+_December_ 16, 1818.
+
+"I have had two letters from Mr. Patmore, informing me that Mr. Hazlitt
+was to drop the prosecution. His agent has since applied to mine
+offering to do this, if the expenses and a small sum for some charity
+were paid. My agent told him he would certainly advise any client of his
+to get out of court, but that he would never advise me to pay anything
+to be made a talk of, as a sum for a charity would be. He would advise
+me, he said, to pay the expenses, and a trifle to Hazlitt himself
+privately. Hazlitt's agent agreed to this." [Footnote: I have not been
+able to discover what sum, if any, was paid to Hazlitt privately.]
+
+Notwithstanding promises of amendment, Murray still complained of the
+personalities, and of the way in which the magazine was edited. He also
+objected to the "echo of the _Edinburgh Review's_ abuse of Sharon
+Turner. It was sufficient to give pain to me, and to my most valued
+friend. There was another ungentlemanly and uncalled-for thrust at
+Thomas Moore. That just makes so many more enemies, unnecessarily; and
+you not only deprive me of the communications of my friends, but you
+positively provoke them to go over to your adversary."
+
+It seemed impossible to exercise any control over the editors, and
+Murray had no alternative left but to expostulate, and if his
+expostulations were unheeded, to retire from the magazine. The last
+course was that which he eventually decided to adopt, and the end of the
+partnership in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which had long been anticipated,
+at length arrived. Murray's name appeared for the last time on No. 22,
+for January 1819; the following number bore no London publisher's name;
+but on the number for March the names of T. Cadell and W. Davies were
+advertised as the London agents for the magazine.
+
+On December 17, 1819, £1,000 were remitted to Mr. Murray in payment of
+the sum which he had originally advanced to purchase his share, and his
+connection with _Blackwood's Magazine_ finally ceased. He thereupon
+transferred his agency for Scotland to Messrs. Oliver & Boyd, with whose
+firm it has ever since remained. The friendly correspondence between
+Murray and Blackwood nevertheless continued, as they were jointly
+interested in several works of importance.
+
+In the course of the following year, "Christopher North" made the
+following statement in _Blackwood's Magazine_ in "An Hour's Tête-à-tête
+with the Public":
+
+"The Chaldee Manuscript, which appeared in our seventh number, gave us
+both a lift and a shove. Nothing else was talked of for a long while;
+and after 10,000 copies had been sold, it became a very great rarity,
+quite a desideratum.... The sale of the _Quarterly_ is about 14,000, of
+the _Edinburgh_ upwards of 7,000.... It is not our intention, at
+present, to suffer our sale to go beyond 17,000.... Mr. Murray, under
+whose auspices our _magnum opus_ issued for a few months from Albemarle
+Street, began to suspect that we might be eclipsing the _Quarterly
+Review_. No such eclipse had been foretold; and Mr. Murray, being no
+great astronomer, was at a loss to know whether, in the darkness that
+was but too visible, we were eclipsing the _Quarterly_, or the
+_Quarterly_ eclipsing us. We accordingly took our pen, and erased his
+name from our title-page, and he was once more happy. Under our present
+publishers we carry everything before us in London."
+
+Mr. Murray took no notice of this statement, preferring, without any
+more words, to be quit of his bargain.
+
+It need scarcely be added that when Mr. Blackwood had got his critics
+and contributors well in hand--when his journal had passed its frisky
+and juvenile life of fun and frolic--when the personalities had ceased
+to appear in its columns, and it had reached the years of judgment and
+discretion--and especially when its principal editor, Mr. John Wilson
+(Christopher North), had been appointed to the distinguished position of
+Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh--the
+journal took that high rank in periodical literature which it has ever
+since maintained.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1817-18--CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.--
+
+
+Scott was now beginning to suffer from the terrible mental and bodily
+strain to which he had subjected himself, and was shortly after seized
+with the illness to which reference has been made in a previous chapter,
+and which disabled him for some time. Blackwood informed Murray (March
+7, 1817) that Mr. Scott "has been most dangerously ill, with violent
+pain arising from spasmodic action in the stomach; but he is gradually
+getting better."
+
+For some time he remained in a state of exhaustion, unable either to
+stir for weakness and giddiness; or to read, for dazzling in his eyes;
+or to listen, for a whizzing sound in his ears--all indications of too
+much brain-work and mental worry. Yet, as soon as he was able to resume
+his labours, we find him characteristically employed in helping his
+poorer friends.
+
+_Mr. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 28, 1817.
+
+"Mr. Scott and some of his friends, in order to raise a sum of money to
+make the poor Shepherd comfortable, have projected a fourth edition of
+"The Queen's Wake," with a few plates, to be published by subscription.
+We have inserted your name, as we have no doubt of your doing everything
+you can for the poor poet. The advertisement, which is excellent, is
+written by Mr. Scott."
+
+Hogg was tempted by the Duke of Buccleuch's gift of a farm on Eltrive
+Lake to build himself a house, as Scott was doing, and applied to Murray
+for a loan of £50, which was granted. In acknowledging the receipt of
+the money he wrote:
+
+_Mr. James Hogg to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 11, 1818.
+
+.... I am told Gifford has a hard prejudice against me, but I cannot
+believe it. I do not see how any man can have a prejudice against me. He
+may, indeed, consider me an intruder in the walks of literature, but I
+am only a saunterer, and malign nobody who chooses to let me pass.... I
+was going to say before, but forgot, and said quite another thing, that
+if Mr. Gifford would point out any light work for me to review for him,
+I'll bet a MS. poem with him that I'll write it better than he expects.
+
+Yours ever most sincerely,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+As Scott still remained the Great Unknown, Murray's correspondence with
+him related principally to his articles in the _Quarterly_, to which he
+continued an occasional contributor. Murray suggested to him the
+subjects of articles, and also requested him to beat up for a few more
+contributors. He wanted an article on the Gypsies, and if Scott could
+not muster time to do it, he hoped that Mr. Erskine might be persuaded
+to favour him with an essay.
+
+Scott, however, in the midst of pain and distress, was now busy with his
+"Rob Roy," which was issued towards the end of the year.
+
+A short interruption of his correspondence with Murray occurred--Scott
+being busy in getting the long buried and almost forgotten "Regalia of
+Scotland" exposed to light; he was also busy with one of his best
+novels, the "Heart of Midlothian." Murray, knowing nothing of these
+things, again endeavoured to induce him to renew his correspondence,
+especially his articles for the _Review_. In response Scott contributed
+articles on Kirkton's "History of the Church of Scotland," on Military
+Bridges, and on Lord Orford's Memoirs.
+
+Towards the end of the year, Mr. Murray paid a visit to Edinburgh on
+business, and after seeing Mr. Blackwood, made his way southward, to pay
+his promised visit to Walter Scott at Abbotsford, an account of which
+has already been given in the correspondence with Lord Byron.
+
+James Hogg, who was present at the meeting of Scott and Murray at
+Abbotsford, wrote to Murray as follows:
+
+_James Hogg to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _February_ 20, 1819.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived here the day before yesterday for my spring campaign in
+literature, drinking whiskey, etc., and as I have not heard a word of
+you or from you since we parted on the top of the hill above Abbotsford,
+I dedicate my first letter from the metropolis to you. And first of all,
+I was rather disappointed in getting so little cracking with you at that
+time. Scott and you had so much and so many people to converse about,
+whom nobody knew anything of but yourselves, that you two got all to
+say, and some of us great men, who deem we know everything at home,
+found that we knew nothing. You did not even tell me what conditions you
+were going to give me for my "Jacobite Relics of Scotland," the first
+part of which will make its appearance this spring, and I think bids
+fair to be popular....
+
+Believe me, yours very faithfully,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+After the discontinuance of Murray's business connection with Blackwood,
+described in the preceding chapter, James Hogg wrote in great
+consternation:
+
+_Mr. James Hogg to John Murray_,
+
+ELTRIVE, by SELKIRK, _December_ 9, 1829.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+By a letter from Blackwood to-day, I have the disagreeable intelligence
+that circumstances have occurred which I fear will deprive me of you as
+a publisher--I hope never as a friend; for I here attest, though I have
+heard some bitter things against you, that I never met with any man
+whatever who, on so slight an acquaintance, has behaved to me so much
+like a gentleman. Blackwood asks to transfer your shares of my trifling
+works to his new agents. I answered, "Never! without your permission."
+As the "Jacobite Relics" are not yet published, and as they would only
+involve you further with one with whom you are going to close accounts,
+I gave him liberty to transfer the shares you were to have in them to
+Messrs. Cadell & Davies. But when I consider your handsome subscription
+for "The Queen's Wake," if you have the slightest inclination to retain
+your shares of that work and "The Brownie," as your name is on them,
+_along with Blackwood_, I would much rather, not only from affection,
+but interest, that you should continue to dispose of them.
+
+I know these books are of no avail to you; and that if you retain them,
+it will be on the same principle that you published them, namely, one of
+friendship for your humble poetical countryman. I'll never forget your
+kindness; for I cannot think that I am tainted with the general vice of
+authors' _ingratitude_; and the first house that I call at in London
+will be the one in Albemarle Street.
+
+I remain, ever yours most truly,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+Murray did not cease to sell the Shepherd's works, and made arrangements
+with Blackwood to continue his agency for them, and to account for the
+sales in the usual way.
+
+The name of Robert Owen is but little remembered now, but at the early
+part of the century he attained some notoriety from his endeavours to
+reform society. He was manager of the Lanark Cotton Mills, but in 1825
+he emigrated to America, and bought land on the Wabash whereon to start
+a model colony, called New Harmony. This enterprise failed, and he
+returned to England in 1827. The following letter is in answer to his
+expressed intention of adding Mr. Murray's name to the title-page of the
+second edition of his "New View of Society."
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Robert Owen_.
+
+_September_ 9, 1817.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As it is totally inconsistent with my plans to allow my name to be
+associated with any subject of so much political notoriety and debate as
+your New System of Society, I trust that you will not consider it as any
+diminution of personal regard if I request the favour of you to cause my
+name to be immediately struck out from every sort of advertisement that
+is likely to appear upon this subject. I trust that a moment's
+reflection will convince which I understand you talked of sending to my
+house. I beg leave again to repeat that I retain the same sentiments of
+personal esteem, and that I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Among the would-be poets was a young Quaker gentleman of
+Stockton-on-Tees who sent Mr. Murray a batch of poems. The publisher
+wrote an answer to his letter, which fell into the hands of the poet's
+father, who bore the same name as his son. The father answered:
+
+_Mr. Proctor to Mr. Murray_.
+
+ESTEEMED FRIEND,
+
+I feel very much obliged by thy refusing to _publish_ the papers sent
+thee by my son. I was entirely ignorant of anything of the kind, or
+should have nipt it in the bud. On receipt of this, please burn the
+whole that was sent thee, and at thy convenience inform me that it has
+been done. With thanks for thy highly commendable care.
+
+I am respectfully, thy friend,
+
+JOHN PROCTOR.
+
+The number of persons who desired to publish poetry was surprising, even
+Sharon Turner, Murray's solicitor, whose valuable historical works had
+been published by the Longmans, wrote to him about the publication of
+poems, which he had written "to idle away the evenings as well as he
+could." Murray answered his letter:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Sharon Turner_.
+
+_November_ 17, 1817.
+
+I do not think it would be creditable to your name, or advantageous to
+your more important works, that the present one should proceed from a
+different publisher. Many might fancy that Longman had declined it.
+Longman might suspect me of interference; and thus, in the uncertainty
+of acting with propriety myself, I should have little hope of giving
+satisfaction to you. I therefore refer the matter to your own feelings
+and consideration. It has afforded me great pleasure to learn frequently
+of late that you are so much better. I hope during the winter, if we
+have any, to send you many amusing books to shorten the tediousness of
+time, and charm away your indisposition. Mrs. Murray is still up and
+well, and desires me to send her best compliments to you and Mrs.
+Turner.
+
+Ever yours faithfully,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Turner thanked Mr. Murray for his letter, and said that if he
+proceeded with his intentions he would adopt his advice. "I have always
+found Longman very kind and honourable, but I will not offer him now
+what you think it right to decline."
+
+During Gifford's now almost incessant attacks of illness, Mr. Croker
+took charge of the _Quarterly Review_. The following letter embodies
+some of his ideas as to editing:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+BRIGHTON, _March_ 29, 1823.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+As I shall not be in Town in time to see you to-morrow, I send you some
+papers. I return the _Poor_ article [Footnote: "On the Poor Laws," by
+Mr. Gleig.] with its additions. Let the author's amendments be attended
+to, and let his termination be inserted _between_ his former conclusion
+and that which I have written. It is a good article, not overdone and
+yet not dull. I return, to be set up, the article [by Captain Procter]
+on Southey's "Peninsular War." It is very bad--a mere _abstracted
+history of the war itself_, and not in the least a _review of the book_.
+I have taken pains to remove some part of this error, but you must feel
+how impossible it is to change the whole frame of such an article. A
+touch thrown in here and there will give some relief, and the character
+of a _review_ will be in some small degree preserved. This cursed system
+of writing dissertations will be the death of us, and if I were to edit
+another number, I should make a great alteration in that particular. But
+for this time I must be satisfied with plastering up what I have not
+time to rebuild. One thing I would do immediately if I were you. I would
+pay for articles of _one_ sheet as much as for articles of two and
+three, and, in fact, I would _scarcely_ permit an article to exceed one
+sheet. I would reserve such extension for matters of great and immediate
+interest and importance. I am delighted that W. [Footnote: Probably
+Blanco White.] undertakes one, he will do it well; but remember the
+necessity of _absolute secrecy_ on this point, and indeed on all others.
+If you were to publish such names as Cohen and Croker and Collinson and
+Coleridge, the magical WE would have little effect, and your _Review_
+would be absolutely despised--_omne ignotum pro mirifico_. I suppose I
+shall see you about twelve on Tuesday. Could you not get me a gay light
+article or two? If I am to _edit_ for you, I cannot find time to
+_contribute_. Madame Campan's poem will more than expend my leisure. I
+came here for a little recreation, and I am all day at the desk as if I
+were at the Admiralty. This Peninsular article has cost me two days'
+hard work, and is, after all, not worth the trouble; but we must have
+something about it, and it is, I suppose, too late to expect anything
+better. Mr. Williams's article on Sir W. Scott [Lord Stowell] is
+contemptible, and would expose your _Review_ to the ridicule of the
+whole bar; but it may be made something of, and I like the subject. I
+had a long and amusing talk with the Chancellor the night before last,
+on his own and his brother's judgments; I wish I had time to embody our
+conversation in an article.
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+Southey is _very_ long, but as good as he is long--I have nearly done
+with him. I write _very slowly_, and cannot write long. This letter is
+written at three sittings.
+
+No sooner had Croker got No. 56 of the _Review_ out of his hands than he
+made a short visit to Paris. On this Mr. Barrow writes to Murray;
+
+_Mr. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 2, 1823.
+
+"Croker has run away to Paris, and left poor Gifford helpless. What will
+become of the _Quarterly?_ ... Poor Gifford told me yesterday that he
+felt he _must_ give up the Editorship, and that the doctors had
+_ordered_ him to do so."
+
+Some months later, Barrow wrote to Murray saying that he had seen
+Gifford that morning:
+
+_Mr. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 18, 1823.
+
+"I told him to look out for some one to conduct the _Review_, but he
+comes to no decision. I told him that you very naturally looked to him
+for naming a proper person. He replied he had--Nassau Senior--but that
+you had taken some dislike to him. [Footnote: This, so far as can be
+ascertained, was a groundless assumption on Mr. Gifford's part.] I then
+said, 'You are now well; go on, and let neither Murray nor you trouble
+yourselves about a future editor yet; for should you even break down in
+the midst of a number, I can only repeat that Croker and myself will
+bring it round, and a second number if necessary, to give him time to
+look out for and fix upon a proper person, but that the work should not
+stop.' I saw he did not like to continue the subject, and we talked of
+something else."
+
+Croker also was quite willing to enter into this scheme, and jointly
+with Barrow to undertake the temporary conduct of the _Review_. They
+received much assistance also from Mr. J.T. Coleridge, then a young
+barrister. Mr. Coleridge, as will be noticed presently, became for a
+time editor of the _Quarterly_. "Mr. C. is too long," Gifford wrote to
+Murray, "and I am sorry for it. But he is a nice young man, and should
+be encouraged."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+HALLAM BASIL HALL--CRABBE--HOPE--HORACE AND JAMES SMITH
+
+
+In 1817 Mr. Murray published for Mr. Hallam his "View of the State of
+Europe during the Middle Ages." The acquaintance thus formed led to a
+close friendship, which lasted unbroken till Mr. Murray's death.
+
+Mr. Murray published at this time a variety of books of travel. Some of
+these were sent to the Marquess of Abercorn--amongst them Mr.
+(afterwards Sir) Henry Ellis's "Proceedings of Lord Amherst's Embassy to
+China," [Footnote: "Journal of the Proceedings of the late Embassy to
+China, comprising a Correct Narrative of the Public Transactions of the
+Embassy, of the Voyage to and from China, and of the Journey from the
+Mouth of the Peiho to the Return to Canton." By Henry Ellis, Esq.,
+Secretary of the Embassy, and Third Commissioner.] about which the
+Marchioness, at her husband's request, wrote to the publisher as
+follows:
+
+_Marchioness of Abercorn to John Murray_,
+
+_December_ 4, 1817.
+
+"He returns Walpole, as he says since the age of fifteen he has read so
+much Grecian history and antiquity that he has these last ten years been
+sick of the subject. He does not like Ellis's account of 'The Embassy to
+China,' [Footnote: Ellis seems to have been made very uncomfortable by
+the publication of his book. It was severely reviewed in the _Times_,
+where it was said that the account (then in the press) by Clark Abel,
+M.D., Principal Medical Officer and Naturalist to the Embassy, would be
+greatly superior. On this Ellis wrote to Murray (October 19, 1817): "An
+individual has seldom committed an act so detrimental to his interests
+as I have done in this unfortunate publication; and I shall be too happy
+when the lapse of time will allow of my utterly forgetting the
+occurrence. I am already indifferent to literary criticism, and had
+almost forgotten Abel's approaching competition." The work went through
+two editions.] but is pleased with Macleod's [Footnote: "Narrative of a
+Voyage in His Majesty's late ship _Alceste_ to the Yellow Sea, along the
+Coast of Corea, and through its numerous hitherto undiscovered Islands
+to the Island of Lewchew, with an Account of her Shipwreck in the
+Straits of Gaspar." By John MacLeod, surgeon of the _Alceste_.]
+narrative. He bids me tell you to say the best and what is least
+obnoxious of the [former] book. The composition and the narrative are so
+thoroughly wretched that he should be ashamed to let it stand in his
+library. He will be obliged to you to send him Leyden's 'Africa.' Leyden
+was a friend of his, and desired leave to dedicate to him while he
+lived."
+
+Mr. Murray, in his reply, deprecated the severity of the Marquess of
+Abercorn's criticism on the work of Sir H. Ellis, who had done the best
+that he could on a subject of exceeding interest.
+
+_John Murray to Lady Abercorn_.
+
+"I am now printing Captain Hall's account (he commanded the _Lyra_), and
+I will venture to assure your Ladyship that it is one of the most
+delightful books I ever read, and it is calculated to heal the wound
+inflicted by poor Ellis. I believe I desired my people to send you
+Godwin's novel, which is execrably bad. But in most cases book readers
+must balance novelty against disappointment.
+
+And in reply to a request for more books to replace those condemned or
+dull, he asks dryly:
+
+"Shall I withhold 'Rob Roy' and 'Childe Harold' from your ladyship until
+their merits have been ascertained? Even if an indifferent book, it is
+something to be amongst the first to _say_ that it is bad. You will be
+alarmed, I fear, at having provoked so many reasons for sending you dull
+publications.... I am printing two short but very clever novels by poor
+Miss Austen, the author of 'Pride and Prejudice.' I send Leyden's
+'Africa' for Lord Abercorn, who will be glad to hear that the 'Life and
+Posthumous Writings' will be ready soon."
+
+The Marchioness, in her answer to the above letter, thanked Mr. Murray
+for his entertaining answer to her letter, and said:
+
+_Marchioness of Abercorn to John Murray_.
+
+"Lord Abercorn says he thinks your conduct with respect to sending books
+back that he does not like is particularly liberal. He bids me tell you
+how very much he likes Mr. Macleod's book; we had seen some of it in
+manuscript before it was published. We are very anxious for Hall's
+account, and I trust you will send it to us the moment you can get a
+copy finished.
+
+"No, indeed! you must not (though desirous you may be to punish us for
+the severity of the criticism on poor Ellis) keep back for a moment 'Rob
+Roy' or the fourth canto of 'Childe Harold.' I have heard a good deal
+from Scotland that makes me continue _surmising_ who is the author of
+these novels. Our friend Walter paid a visit last summer to a gentleman
+on the banks of Loch Lomond--the scene of Rob Roy's exploits--and was at
+great pains to learn all the traditions of the country regarding him
+from the clergyman and old people of the neighbourhood, of which he got
+a considerable stock. I am very glad to hear of a 'Life of Leyden.' He
+was a very surprising young man, and his death is a great loss to the
+world. Pray send us Miss Austen's novels the moment you can. Lord
+Abercorn thinks them next to W. Scott's (if they are by W. Scott); it is
+a great pity that we shall have no more of hers. Who are the _Quarterly
+Reviewers_? I hear that Lady Morgan suspects Mr. Croker of having
+reviewed her 'France,' and intends to be revenged, etc.
+
+"Believe me to be yours, with great regard,
+
+"A.J. ABERCORN."
+
+From many communications addressed to Mr. Murray about the beginning of
+1818, it appears that he had proposed to start a _Monthly Register_,
+[Footnote: The announcement ran thus: "On the third Saturday in January,
+1818, will be published the first number of a NEW PERIODICAL JOURNAL,
+the object of which will be to convey to the public a great variety of
+new, original, and interesting matter; and by a methodical arrangement
+of all Inventions in the Arts, Discoveries in the Sciences, and
+Novelties in Literature, to enable the reader to keep pace with human
+knowledge. To be printed uniformly with the QUARTERLY REVIEW. The price
+by the year will be £2 2s."] and he set up in print a specimen copy.
+Many of his correspondents offered to assist him, amongst others Mr. J.
+Macculloch, Lord Sheffield, Dr. Polidori, then settled at St. Peter's,
+Norwich, Mr. Bulmer of the British Museum, and many other contributors.
+He sent copies of the specimen number to Mr. Croker and received the
+following candid reply:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 11, 1818.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Our friend Sepping [Footnote: A naval surveyor.] says, "Nothing is
+stronger than its weakest part," and this is as true in book-making as
+in shipbuilding. I am sorry to say your _Register_ has, in my opinion, a
+great many weak parts. It is for nobody's use; it is too popular and
+trivial for the learned, and too abstruse and plodding for the
+multitude. The preface is not English, nor yet Scotch or Irish. It must
+have been written by Lady Morgan. In the body of the volume, there is
+not _one_ new nor curious article, unless it be Lady Hood's "Tiger
+Hunt." In your Mechanics there is a miserable want of information, and
+in your Statistics there is a sad superabundance of American hyperbole
+and dulness mixed together, like the mud and gunpowder which, when a
+boy, I used to mix together to make a fizz. Your Poetry is so bad that I
+look upon it as your personal kindness to me that you did not put my
+lines under that head. Your criticism on Painting begins by calling
+West's very pale horse "an extraordinary effort of human _genius_." Your
+criticism on Sculpture begins by applauding _beforehand_ Mr. Wyatt's
+_impudent_ cenotaph. Your criticism on the Theatre begins by
+_denouncing_ the best production of its kind, 'The Beggar's Opera.' Your
+article on Engraving puts under the head of Italy a stone drawing made
+in Paris. Your own engraving of the Polar Regions is confused and dirty;
+and your article on the Polar Seas sets out with the assertion of a fact
+of which I was profoundly ignorant, namely, that the Physical
+Constitution of the Globe is subject to _constant changes_ and
+revolution. Of _constant changes_ I never heard, except in one of
+Congreve's plays, in which the fair sex is accused of _constant
+inconstancy_; but suppose that for _constant_ you read _frequent_. I
+should wish you, for my own particular information, to add in a note a
+few instances of the Physical Changes in the Constitution of the Globe,
+which have occurred since the year 1781, in which I happened to be born.
+I know of none, and I should be sorry to go out of the world ignorant of
+what has passed in my own time. You send me your proof "for my boldest
+criticism." I have hurried over rather than read through the pages, and
+I give you honestly, and as plainly as an infamous pen (the same, I
+presume, which drew your polar chart) will permit, my hasty impression.
+If you will call here to-morrow between twelve and one, I will talk with
+you on the subject.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+The project was eventually abandoned. Murray entered into the
+arrangement, already described, with Blackwood, of the _Edinburgh
+Magazine_. The article on the "Polar Ice" was inserted in the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+Towards the end of 1818, Mr. Crabbe called upon Mr. Murray and offered
+to publish through him his "Tales of the Hall," consisting of about
+twelve thousand lines. He also proposed to transfer to him from Mr.
+Colburn his other poems, so that the whole might be printed uniformly.
+Mr. Crabbe, who up to this period had received very little for his
+writings, was surprised when Mr. Murray offered him no less than £3,000
+for the copyright of his poems. It seemed to him a mine of wealth
+compared to all that he had yet received. The following morning
+(December 6) he breakfasted with Mr. Rogers, and Tom Moore was present.
+Crabbe told them of his good fortune, and of the magnificent offer he
+had received. Rogers thought it was not enough, and that Crabbe should
+have received £3,000 for the "Tales of the Hall" alone, and that he
+would try if the Longmans would not give more. He went to Paternoster
+Row accordingly, and tried the Longmans; but they would not give more
+than £1,000 for the new work and the copyright of the old poems--that
+is, only one-third of what Murray had offered. [Footnote: "Memoirs,
+Journals, Correspondence, of Thomas Moore," by Lord John Russell, ii.
+237.]
+
+When Crabbe was informed of this, he was in a state of great
+consternation. As Rogers had been bargaining with another publisher for
+better terms, the matter seemed still to be considered open; and in the
+meantime, if Murray were informed of the event, he might feel umbrage
+and withdraw his offer. Crabbe wrote to Murray on the subject, but
+received no answer. He had within his reach a prize far beyond his most
+sanguine hopes, and now, by the over-officiousness of his friends, he
+was in danger of losing it. In this crisis Rogers and Moore called upon
+Murray, and made enquiries on the subject of Crabbe's poems. "Oh, yes,"
+he said, "I have heard from Mr. Crabbe, and look upon the matter as
+settled." Crabbe was thus released from all his fears. When he received
+the bills for £3,000, he insisted on taking them with him to Trowbridge
+to show them to his son John.
+
+It proved after all that the Longmans were right in their offer to
+Rogers; Murray was far too liberal. Moore, in his Diary (iii. 332),
+says, "Even if the whole of the edition (3,000) were sold, Murray would
+still be £1,900 minus." Crabbe had some difficulty in getting his old
+poems out of the hands of his former publisher, who wrote to him in a
+strain of the wildest indignation, and even threatened him with legal
+proceedings, but eventually the unsold stock, consisting of 2,426
+copies, was handed over by Hatchard & Colburn to Mr. Murray, and nothing
+more was heard of this controversy between them and the poet.
+
+"Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, written at the Close of the
+18th Century," was published anonymously, and was confidently asserted
+to be the work of Lord Byron, as the only person capable of having
+produced it. When the author was announced to be Mr. Thomas Hope, of
+Deepdene, some incredulity was expressed by the _literati_.
+
+The Countess of Blessington, in her "Conversations with Lord Byron,"
+says: "Byron spoke to-day in terms of high commendation of Hope's
+'Anastasius'; said he had wept bitterly over many pages of it, and for
+two reasons--first, that he had not written it; and, secondly, that Hope
+had; for that it was necessary to like a man excessively to pardon his
+writing such a book--a book, he said, excelling all recent productions
+as much in wit and talent as in true pathos. He added that he would have
+given his two most approved poems to have been the author of
+'Anastasius.'" The work was greatly read at the time, and went through
+many large editions.
+
+The refusal of the "Rejected Addresses," by Horace and James Smith, was
+one of Mr. Murray's few mistakes. Horace was a stockbroker, and James a
+solicitor. They were not generally known as authors, though they
+contributed anonymously to the _New Monthly Magazine_, which was
+conducted by Campbell the poet. In 1812 they produced a collection
+purporting to be "Rejected Addresses, presented for competition at the
+opening of Drury Lane Theatre." They offered the collection to Mr.
+Murray for £20, but he declined to purchase the copyright. The Smiths
+were connected with Cadell the publisher, and Murray, thinking that the
+MS. had been offered to and rejected by him, declined to look into it.
+The "Rejected Addresses" were eventually published by John Miller, and
+excited a great deal of curiosity. They were considered to be the best
+imitations of living poets ever made. Byron was delighted with them. He
+wrote to Mr. Murray that he thought them "by far the best thing of the
+kind since the 'Rolliad.'" Crabbe said of the verses in imitation of
+himself, "In their versification they have done me admirably." When he
+afterwards met Horace Smith, he seized both hands of the satirist, and
+said, with a good-humoured laugh, "Ah! my old enemy, how do you do?"
+Jeffrey said of the collection, "I take them, indeed, to be the very
+best imitations (and often of difficult originals) that ever were made,
+and, considering their extent and variety, to indicate a talent to which
+I do not know where to look for a parallel." Murray had no sooner read
+the volume than he spared no pains to become the publisher, but it was
+not until after the appearance of the sixteenth edition that he was able
+to purchase the copyright for £131.
+
+Towards the end of 1819, Mr. Murray was threatened with an action on
+account of certain articles which had appeared in Nos. 37 and 38 of the
+_Quarterly_ relative to the campaign in Italy against Murat, King of
+Naples. The first was written by Dr. Reginald (afterwards Bishop) Heber,
+under the title of "Military and Political Power of Russia, by Sir
+Robert Wilson"; the second was entitled "Sir Robert Wilson's Reply."
+Colonel Macirone occupied a very unimportant place in both articles. He
+had been in the service of Murat while King of Naples, and acted as his
+aide-de-camp, which post he retained after Murat became engaged in
+hostilities with Austria, then in alliance with England. Macirone was
+furnished with a passport for _himself_ as envoy of the Allied Powers,
+and provided with another passport for Murat, under the name of Count
+Lipona, to be used by him in case he abandoned his claim to the throne
+of Naples. Murat indignantly declined the proposal, and took refuge in
+Corsica. Yet Macirone delivered to Murat the passport. Not only so, but
+he deliberately misled Captain Bastard, the commander of a small English
+squadron which had been stationed at Bastia to intercept Murat in the
+event of his embarking for the purpose of regaining his throne at
+Naples. Murat embarked, landed in Italy without interruption, and was
+soon after defeated and taken prisoner. He thereupon endeavoured to use
+the passport which Macirone had given him, to secure his release, but it
+was too late; he was tried and shot at Pizzo. The reviewer spoke of
+Colonel Macirone in no very measured terms. "For Murat," he said, "we
+cannot feel respect, but we feel very considerable pity. Of Mr. Macirone
+we are tempted to predict that he has little reason to apprehend the
+honourable mode of death which was inflicted on his master. _His_
+vocation seems to be another kind of exit."
+
+Macirone gave notice of an action for damages, and claimed no less than
+£10,000. Serjeant Copley (afterwards Lord Lyndhurst), then
+Solicitor-General, and Mr. Gurney, were retained for Mr. Murray by his
+legal adviser Mr. Sharon Turner.
+
+The case came on, and on the Bench were seated the Duke of Wellington,
+Lord Liverpool, and other leading statesmen, who had been subpoenaed as
+witnesses for the defence. One of the Ridgways, publishers, had also
+been subpoenaed with an accredited copy of Macirone's book; but it was
+not necessary to produce him as a witness, as Mr. Ball, the counsel for
+Macirone, _quoted_ passages from it, and thus made the entire book
+available as evidence for the defendant, a proceeding of which Serjeant
+Copley availed himself with telling effect. He substantiated the facts
+stated in the _Quarterly_ article by passages quoted from Colonel
+Macirone's own "Memoirs." Before he had concluded his speech, it became
+obvious that the Jury had arrived at the conclusion to which he wished
+to lead them; but he went on to drive the conclusion home by a splendid
+peroration. [Footnote: Given in Sir Theodore Martin's "Life of Lord
+Lyudhurst," p. 170.] The Jury intimated that they were all agreed; but
+the Judge, as a matter of precaution, proceeded to charge them on the
+evidence placed before them; and as soon as he had concluded, the Jury,
+without retiring from the box, at once returned their verdict for the
+defendant.
+
+Although Mr. Murray had now a house in the country, he was almost
+invariably to be found at Albemarle Street. We find, in one of his
+letters to Blackwood, dated Wimbledon, May 22, 1819, the following: "I
+have been unwell with bile and rheumatism, and have come to a little
+place here, which I have bought lately, for a few days to recruit."
+
+The following description of a reception at Mr. Murray's is taken from
+the "Autobiography" of Mrs. Bray, the novelist. She relates that in the
+autumn of 1819 she made a visit to Mr. Murray, with her first husband,
+Charles Stothard, son of the well-known artist, for the purpose of
+showing him the illustrations of his "Letters from Normandy and
+Brittany."
+
+
+"We did not know," she says, "that Mr. Murray held daily from about
+three to five o'clock a literary levée at his house. In this way he
+gathered round him many of the most eminent men of the time. On calling,
+we sent up our cards, and finding he was engaged, proposed to retreat,
+when Mr. Murray himself appeared and insisted on our coming up. I was
+introduced to him by my husband, and welcomed by him with all the
+cordiality of an old acquaintance. He said Sir Walter Scott was there,
+and he thought that we should like to see him, and to be introduced to
+him. 'You will know him at once,' added Mr. Murray, 'he is sitting on
+the sofa near the fire-place.' We found Sir Walter talking to Mr.
+Gifford, then the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_. The room was filled
+with men and women, and among them several of the principal authors and
+authoresses of the day; but my attention was so fixed on Sir Walter and
+Mr. Gifford that I took little notice of the rest. Many of those present
+were engaged in looking at and making remarks upon a drawing, which
+represented a Venetian Countess (Guiccioli), the favourite, but not very
+respectable friend of Lord Byron. Mr. Murray made his way through the
+throng in order to lead us up to Sir Walter. We were introduced. Mr.
+Murray, anxious to remove the awkwardness of a first introduction,
+wished to say something which would engage a conversation between
+ourselves and Sir Walter Scott, and asked Charles if he happened to have
+about him his drawing of the Bayeux tapestry to show to Sir Walter.
+Charles smiled and said 'No'; but the saying answered the desired end;
+something had been said that led to conversation, and Sir Walter,
+Gifford, Mr. Murray, and Charles chatted on, and I listened.
+
+"Gifford looked very aged, his face much wrinkled, and he seemed to be
+in declining health; his dress was careless, and his cravat and
+waistcoat covered with snuff. There was an antique, philosophic cast
+about his head and countenance, better adapted to exact a feeling of
+curiosity in a stranger than the head of Sir Walter Scott; the latter
+seemed more a man of this world's mould. Such, too, was his character;
+for, with all his fine genius, Sir Walter would never have been so
+successful an author, had he not possessed so large a share of common
+sense, united to a business-like method of conducting his affairs, even
+those which perhaps I might venture to call the affairs of imagination.
+We took our leave; and before we got further than the first landing, we
+met Mr. Murray conducting Sir Walter downstairs; they were going to have
+a private chat before the departure of the latter." [Footnote: "Mrs.
+Bray's Autobiography," pp. 145-7.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+MEMOIRS OF LADY HERVEY AND HORACE WALPOLE--BELZONI--MILMAN--SOUTHEY
+--MRS. RUNDELL, ETC.
+
+
+About the beginning of 1819 the question of publishing the letters and
+reminiscences of Lady Hervey, grandmother of the Earl of Mulgrave, was
+brought under the notice of Mr. Murray. Lady Hervey was the daughter of
+Brigadier-General Lepel, and the wife of Lord Hervey of Ickworth, author
+of the "Memoirs of the Court of George II. and Queen Caroline." Her
+letters formed a sort of anecdotal history of the politics and
+literature of her times. A mysterious attachment is said to have existed
+between her and Lord Chesterfield, who, in his letters to his son,
+desired him never to mention her name when he could avoid it, while she,
+on the other hand, adopted all Lord Chesterfield's opinions, as
+afterwards appeared in the aforesaid letters. Mr. Walter Hamilton,
+author of the "Gazetteer of India," an old and intimate friend of Mr.
+Murray, who first brought the subject under Mr. Murray's notice, said,
+"Lady Hervey writes more like a man than a woman, something like Lady
+M.W. Montagu, and in giving her opinion she never minces matters." Mr.
+Hamilton recommended that Archdeacon Coxe, author of the "Lives of Sir
+Robert and Horace Walpole," should be the editor. Mr. Murray, however,
+consulted his _fidus Achates_, Mr. Croker; and, putting the letters in
+his hands, asked him to peruse them, and, if he approved, to edit them.
+The following was Mr. Croker's answer:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 22, 1820.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I shall do more than you ask. I shall give you a biographical
+sketch--sketch, do you hear?--of Lady Hervey, and notes on her letters,
+in which I shall endeavour to enliven a little the _sameness_ of my
+author. Don't think that I say _sameness_ in derogation of dear Mary
+Lepel's _powers_ of entertainment. I have been _in love_ with her a long
+time; which, as she was dead twenty years before I was born, I may
+without indiscretion avow; but all these letters being written in a
+journal style and to one person, there is a want of that variety which
+Lady Hervey's mind was capable of giving. I have applied to her family
+for a little assistance; hitherto without success; and I think, as a
+_lover_ of Lady Hervey's, I might reasonably resent the little
+enthusiasm I find that her descendants felt about her. In order to
+enable me to do this little job for you, I wish you would procure for me
+a file, if such a thing exists, of any newspaper from about 1740 to
+1758, at which latter date the _Annual Register_ begins, as I remember.
+So many little circumstances are mentioned in letters, and forgotten in
+history, that without some such guide, I shall make but blind work of
+it. If it be necessary, I will go to the Museum and _grab_ them, as my
+betters have done before me. My dear little Nony [Footnote: Mr. Croker's
+adopted daughter, afterwards married to Sir George Barrow.] was worse
+last night, and not better all to-day; but this evening they make me
+happy by saying that she is decidedly improved.
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+Send me "Walpoliana," I have lost or mislaid mine. Are there any memoirs
+about the date of 1743, or later, beside Bubb's?
+
+That Mr. Croker made all haste and exercised his usual painstaking
+industry in doing "this little job" for Mr. Murray will be evident from
+the following letters:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1820.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I have done "Lady Hervey." I hear that there is a Mr. Vincent in the
+Treasury, the son of a Mr. and Mrs. Vincent, to whom the late General
+Hervey, the favourite son of Lady Hervey, left his fortune and his
+papers. Could you find out who they are? Nothing is more surprising than
+the ignorance in which I find all Lady Hervey's descendants about her.
+Most of them never heard her maiden name. It reminds one of Walpole
+writing to George Montagu, to tell him who his grandmother was! I am
+anxious to knock off this task whilst what little I know of it is fresh
+in my recollection; for I foresee that much of the entertainment of the
+work must depend on the elucidations in the Notes.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+The publication of Lady Hervey's letters in 1821 was so successful that
+Mr. Croker was afterwards induced to edit, with great advantage, letters
+and memorials of a similar character. [Footnote: As late as 1848, Mr.
+Croker edited Lord Hervey's "Memoirs of the Court of George II. and
+Queen Caroline," from the family archives at Ickworth. The editor in his
+preface said that Lord Hervey was almost the Boswell of George II. and
+Queen Caroline.]
+
+The next important _mémoires pour servir_ were brought under Mr.
+Murray's notice by Lord Holland, in the following letter:
+
+
+_Lord Holland to John Murray_.
+
+HOLLAND HOUSE, _November_ 1820.
+
+SIR,
+
+I wrote a letter to you last week which by some accident Lord
+Lauderdale, who had taken charge of it, has mislaid. The object of it
+was to request you to call here some morning, and to let me know the
+hour by a line by two-penny post. I am authorized to dispose of two
+historical works, the one a short but admirably written and interesting
+memoir of the late Lord Waldegrave, who was a favourite of George II.,
+and governor of George III. when Prince of Wales. The second consists of
+three close-written volumes of "Memoirs by Horace Walpole" (afterwards
+Lord Orford), which comprise the last nine years of George II.'s reign.
+I am anxious to give you the refusal of them, as I hear you have already
+expressed a wish to publish anything of this kind written by Horace
+Walpole, and had indirectly conveyed that wish to Lord Waldegrave, to
+whom these and many other MSS. of that lively and laborious writer
+belong. Lord Lauderdale has offered to assist me in adjusting the terms
+of the agreement, and perhaps you will arrange with him; he lives at
+Warren's Hotel, Waterloo Place, where you can make it convenient to meet
+him. I would meet you there, or call at your house; but before you can
+make any specific offer, you will no doubt like to look at the MSS.,
+which are here, and which (not being mine) I do not like to expose
+unnecessarily to the risk even of a removal to London and back again.
+
+I am, Sir, your obedient humble Servant, etc.,
+
+VASSALL HOLLAND.
+
+
+It would appear that Mr. Murray called upon Lord Holland and looked over
+the MSS., but made no proposal to purchase the papers. The matter lay
+over until Lord Holland again addressed Mr. Murray.
+
+
+_Lord Holland to John Murray_.
+
+"It appears that you are either not aware of the interesting nature of
+the MSS. which I showed you, or that the indifference produced by the
+present frenzy about the Queen's business [Footnote: The trial of Queen
+Caroline was then occupying public attention.] to all literary
+publications, has discouraged you from an undertaking in which you would
+otherwise engage most willingly. However, to come to the point. I have
+consulted Lord Waldegrave on the subject, and we agree that the two
+works, viz. his grandfather, Lord Waldegrave's "Memoirs," and Horace
+Walpole's "Memoirs of the Last Nine Years of George II.," should not be
+sold for less than 3,000 guineas. If that sum would meet your ideas, or
+if you have any other offer to make, I will thank you to let me know
+before the second of next month."
+
+Three thousand guineas was certainly a very large price to ask for the
+Memoirs, and Mr. Murray hesitated very much before acceding to Lord
+Holland's proposal. He requested to have the MSS. for the purpose of
+consulting his literary adviser--probably Mr. Croker, though the
+following remarks, now before us, are not in his handwriting.
+
+"This book of yours," says the critic, "is a singular production. It is
+ill-written, deficient in grammar, and often in English; and yet it
+interests and even amuses. Now, the subjects of it are all, I suppose,
+gone _ad plures_; otherwise it would be intolerable. The writer richly
+deserves a licking or a cudgelling to every page, and yet I am ashamed
+to say I have travelled unwearied with him through the whole, divided
+between a grin and a scowl. I never saw nor heard of such an animal as a
+splenetic, bustling kind of a poco-curante. By the way, if you happen to
+hear of any plan for making me a king, be so good as to say that I am
+deceased; or tell any other good-natured lie to put the king-makers off
+their purpose. I really cannot submit to be the only slave in the
+nation, especially when I have a crossing to sweep within five yards of
+my door, and may gain my bread with less ill-usage than a king is
+obliged to put up with. If half that is here told be true, Lord Holland
+seems to me to tread on
+
+
+                                   'ignes
+                Suppositos cineri doloso'
+
+
+in retouching any part of the manuscript. He is so perfectly kind and
+good-natured, that he will feel more than any man the complaints of
+partiality and injustice; and where he is to stop, I see not. There is
+so much abuse that little is to be gained by an occasional erasure,
+while suspicion is excited. He would have consulted his quiet more by
+leaving the author to bear the blame of his own scandal."
+
+Notwithstanding this adverse judgment, Mr. Murray was disposed to buy
+the Memoirs. Lord Holland drove a very hard bargain, and endeavoured to
+obtain better terms from other publishers, but he could not, and
+eventually Mr. Murray paid to Lord Waldegrave, through Lord Holland, the
+sum of £2,500 on November 1, 1821, for the Waldegrave and Walpole
+Memoirs. They were edited by Lord Holland, who wrote a preface to each,
+and were published in the following year, but never repaid their
+expenses. After suffering considerable loss by this venture, Mr.
+Murray's rights were sold, after his death, to Mr. Colburn.
+
+The last of the _mémoires pour servir_ to which we shall here refer was
+the Letters of the Countess of Suffolk, bedchamber woman to the Princess
+of Wales (Caroline of Anspach), and a favourite of the Prince of Wales,
+afterwards George II. The Suffolk papers were admirably edited by Mr.
+Croker. Thackeray, in his "Lecture on George the Second," says of his
+work: "Even Croker, who edited her letters, loves her, and has that
+regard for her with which her sweet graciousness seems to have inspired
+almost all men, and some women, who came near her." The following letter
+of Croker shows the spirit in which he began to edit the Countess's
+letters:
+
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 29, 1822.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+As you told me that you are desirous of publishing the Suffolk volume by
+November, and as I have, all my life, had an aversion to making any one
+wait for me, I am anxious to begin my work upon them, and, if we are to
+be out by November, I presume it is high time. I must beg of you to
+answer me the following questions.
+
+1st. What shape will you adopt? I think the correspondence of a nature
+rather too light for a quarto, and yet it would look well on the same
+shelf with Horace Walpole's works. If you should prefer an octavo, like
+Lady Hervey's letters, the papers would furnish two volumes. I, for my
+part, should prefer the quarto size, which is a great favourite with me,
+and the letters of such persons as Pope, Swift, and Gay, the Duchesses
+of Buckingham, Queensberry, and Marlbro', Lords Peterborough,
+Chesterfield, Bathurst, and Lansdowne, Messrs. Pitt, Pulteney, Pelham,
+Grenville, and Horace Walpole, seem to me almost to justify the
+magnificence of the quarto; though, in truth, all their epistles are, in
+its narrowest sense, _familiar_, and treat chiefly of tittle-tattle.
+
+Decide, however, on your own view of your interests, only recollect that
+these papers are not to cost you more than "Belshazzar," [Footnote: Mr.
+Milman's poem, for which Mr. Murray paid 500 guineas.] which I take to
+be of about the intrinsic value of the _writings on the walls_, and not
+a third of what you have given Mr. Crayon for his portrait of Squire
+Bracebridge.
+
+2nd. Do you intend to have any portraits? One of Lady Suffolk is almost
+indispensable, and would be enough. There are two of her at Strawberry
+Hill; one, I think, a print, and neither, if I forget not, very good.
+There is also a print, an unassuming one, in Walpole's works, but a good
+artist would make something out of any of these, if even we can get
+nothing better to make our copy from. If you were to increase your
+number of portraits, I would add the Duchess of Queensberry, from a
+picture at Dalkeith which is alluded to in the letters; Lady Hervey and
+her beautiful friend, Mary Bellenden. They are in Walpole's works; Lady
+Hervey rather mawkish, but the Bellenden charming. I dare say these
+plates could now be bought cheap, and retouched from the originals,
+which would make them better than ever they were. Lady Vere (sister of
+Lady Temple, which latter is engraved in Park's edition of the "Noble
+Authors") was a lively writer, and is much distinguished in this
+correspondence. Of the men, I should propose Lord Peterborough, whose
+portraits are little known; Lord Liverpool has one of him, not, however,
+very characteristic. Mr. Pulteney is also little known, but he has been
+lately re-published in the Kit-cat Club. Of _our Horace_ there is not a
+decent engraving anywhere. I presume that there must be a good original
+of him somewhere. Whatever you mean to do on this point, you should come
+to an early determination and put the works in hand.
+
+3rd. I mean, if you approve, to prefix a biographical sketch of Mrs.
+Howard and two or three of those beautiful characters with which, in
+prose and verse, the greatest wits of the last century honoured her and
+themselves. To the first letter of each remarkable correspondent I would
+also affix a slight notice, and I would add, at the foot of the page,
+notes in the style of those on Lady Hervey. Let me know whether this
+plan suits your fancy.
+
+4th. All the letters of Swift, except one or two, in this collection are
+printed (though not always accurately) in Scott's edition of his works.
+Yet I think it would be proper to reprint them from the originals,
+because they elucidate much of Lady Suffolk's history, and her
+correspondence could not be said to be complete without them. Let me
+know your wishes on this point.
+
+5th. My materials are numerous, though perhaps the pieces of great merit
+are not many. I must therefore beg of you to set up, in the form and
+type you wish to adopt, the sheet which I send you, and you must say
+about how many pages you wish your volume, or volumes, to be. I will
+then select as much of the most interesting as will fill the space which
+you may desire to occupy.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+
+Mr. Croker also consented to edit the letters of Mrs. Delany to Mr.
+Hamilton, 1779-88, containing many anecdotes relating to the Royal
+Family.
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+"I have shown Mrs. Delany's MS. letters to the Prince Regent; he was
+much entertained with this revival of old times in his recollection, and
+_he says that every word of it is true_. You know that H.R.H. has a
+wonderful memory, and particularly for things of that kind. His
+certificate of Mrs. Delany's veracity will therefore be probably of some
+weight with you. As to the letter-writing powers of Mrs. Delany, the
+specimen inclines me to doubt. Her style seems stiff and formal, and
+though these two letters, which describe a peculiar kind of scene, have
+a good deal of interest in them, I do not hope for the same amusement
+from the rest of the collection. Poverty, obscurity, general ill-health,
+and blindness are but unpromising qualifications for making an agreeable
+volume of letters. If a shopkeeper at Portsmouth were to write his life,
+the extracts of what relates to the two days of the Imperial and Royal
+visit of 1814 would be amusing, though all the rest of the half century
+of his life would be intolerably tedious. I therefore counsel you not to
+buy the pig in Miss Hamilton's bag (though she is a most respectable
+lady), but ask to see the whole collection before you bid."
+
+The whole collection was obtained, and, with some corrections and
+elucidations, the volume of letters was given to the world by Mr. Murray
+in 1821.
+
+In May 1820 Mr. Murray requested Mr. Croker to edit Horace Walpole's
+"Reminiscences." Mr. Croker replied, saying: "I should certainly like
+the task very well if I felt a little better satisfied of my ability to
+perform it. Something towards such a work I would certainly contribute,
+for I have always loved that kind of tea-table history." Not being able
+to undertake the work himself, Mr. Croker recommended Mr. Murray to
+apply to Miss Berry, the editor of Lady Russell's letters. "The Life,"
+he said, "by which those letters were preceded, is a beautiful piece of
+biography, and shows, besides higher qualities, much of that taste which
+a commentator on the 'Reminiscences' ought to have." The work was
+accordingly placed in the hands of Miss Berry, who edited it
+satisfactorily, and it was published by Mr. Murray in the course of the
+following year.
+
+Dr. Tomline, while Bishop of Winchester, entered into a correspondence
+with Mr. Murray respecting the "Life of William Pitt." In December
+1820, Dr. Tomline said he had brought the Memoirs down to the
+Declaration of War by France against Great Britain on February I, 1793,
+and that the whole would make two volumes quarto. Until he became Bishop
+of Lincoln, Dr. Tomline had been Pitt's secretary, and from the
+opportunities he had possessed, there was promise here of a great work;
+but it was not well executed, and though a continuation was promised, it
+never appeared. When the work was sent to Mr. Gifford, he wrote to Mr.
+Murray that it was not at all what he expected, for it contained nothing
+of Pitt's private history. "He seems to be uneasy until he gets back to
+his Parliamentary papers. Yet it can hardly fail to be pretty widely
+interesting; but I would not have you make yourself too uneasy about
+these things. Pitt's name, and the Bishop's, will make the work sell."
+Gifford was right. The "Life" went to a fourth edition in the following
+year.
+
+Among Mr. Murray's devoted friends and adherents was Giovanni Belzoni,
+who, born at Padua in 1778, had, when a young man at Rome, intended to
+devote himself to the monastic life, but the French invasion of the city
+altered his purpose, and, instead of being a monk, he became an athlete.
+He was a man of gigantic physical power, and went from place to place,
+gaining his living in England, as elsewhere, as a posture-master, and by
+exhibiting at shows his great feats of strength. He made enough by this
+work to enable him to visit Egypt, where he erected hydraulic machines
+for the Pasha, and, through the influence of Mr. Salt, the British
+Consul, was employed to remove from Thebes, and ship for England, the
+colossal bust commonly called the Young Memnon. His knowledge of
+mechanics enabled him to accomplish this with great dexterity, and the
+head, now in the British Museum, is one of the finest specimens of
+Egyptian sculpture.
+
+Belzoni, after performing this task, made further investigations among
+the Egyptian tombs and temples. He was the first to open the great
+temple of Ipsambul, cut in the side of a mountain, and at that time shut
+in by an accumulation of sand. Encouraged by these successes, he, in
+1817, made a second journey to Upper Egypt and Nubia, and brought to
+light at Carnac several colossal heads of granite, now in the British
+Museum. After some further explorations among the tombs and temples, for
+which he was liberally paid by Mr. Salt, Belzoni returned to England
+with numerous drawings, casts, and many important works of Egyptian art.
+He called upon Mr. Murray, with the view of publishing the results of
+his investigations, which in due course were issued under the title of
+"Narrative of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the Pyramids,
+Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and Nubia."
+
+It was a very expensive book to arrange and publish, but nothing daunted
+Mr. Murray when a new and original work was brought under his notice.
+Although only 1,000 copies were printed, the payments to Belzoni and his
+translators, as well as for plates and engravings, amounted to over
+£2,163. The preparation of the work gave rise to no little difficulty,
+for Belzoni declined all help beyond that of the individual who was
+employed to copy out or translate his manuscript and correct the press.
+"As I make my discoveries alone," he said, "I have been anxious to write
+my book by myself, though in so doing the reader will consider me, with
+great propriety, guilty of temerity; but the public will, perhaps, gain
+in the fidelity of my narration what it loses in elegance." Lord Byron,
+to whom Mr. Murray sent a copy of his work, said: "Belzoni _is_ a grand
+traveller, and his English is very prettily broken."
+
+Belzoni was a very interesting character, and a man of great natural
+refinement. After the publication of his work, he became one of the
+fashionable lions of London, but was very sensitive about his early
+career, and very sedulous to sink the posture-master in the traveller.
+He was often present at Mr. Murray's receptions; and on one particular
+occasion he was invited to join the family circle in Albemarle Street on
+the last evening of 1822, to see the Old Year out and the New Year in.
+All Mr. Murray's young people were present, as well as the entire
+D'Israeli family and Crofton Croker. After a merry game of Pope Joan,
+Mr. Murray presented each of the company with a pocket-book as a New
+Year's gift. A special bowl of punch was brewed for the occasion, and,
+while it was being prepared, Mr. Isaac D'Israeli took up Crofton
+Croker's pocket-book, and with his pencil wrote the following impromptu
+words:
+
+"Gigantic Belzoni at Pope Joan and tea.
+What a group of mere puppets we seem beside thee;
+Which, our kind host perceiving, with infinite zest,
+Gives us Punch at our supper, to keep up the jest."
+
+The lines were pronounced to be excellent, and Belzoni, wishing to share
+in the enjoyment, desired to see the words. He read the last line twice
+over, and then, his eyes flashing fire, he exclaimed, "I am betrayed!"
+and suddenly left the room. Crofton Croker called upon Belzoni to
+ascertain the reason for his abrupt departure from Mr. Murray's, and was
+informed that he considered the lines to be an insulting allusion to his
+early career as a showman. Croker assured him that neither Murray nor
+D'Israeli knew anything of his former life; finally he prevailed upon
+Belzoni to accompany him to Mr. Murray's, who for the first time learnt
+that the celebrated Egyptian explorer had many years before been an
+itinerant exhibitor in England.
+
+In 1823 Belzoni set out for Morocco, intending to penetrate thence to
+Eastern Africa; he wrote to Mr. Murray from Gibraltar, thanking him for
+many acts of kindness, and again from Tangier.
+
+
+_M.G. Belzoni to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 10, 1823.
+
+"I have just received permission from H.M. the Emperor of Morocco to go
+to Fez, and am in hopes to obtain his approbation to enter the desert
+along with the caravan to Soudan. The letter of introduction from Mr.
+Wilmot to Mr. Douglas has been of much importance to me; this gentleman
+fortunately finds pleasure in affording me all the assistance in his
+power to promote my wishes, a circumstance which I have not been
+accustomed to meet in some other parts of Africa. I shall do myself the
+pleasure to acquaint you of my further progress at Fez, if not from some
+other part of Morocco."
+
+
+Belzoni would appear to have changed his intention, and endeavoured to
+penetrate to Timbuctoo from Benin, where, however, he was attacked by
+dysentery, and died a short time after the above letter was written.
+
+Like many other men of Herculean power, he was not eager to exhibit his
+strength; but on one occasion he gave proof of it in the following
+circumstances. Mr. Murray had asked him to accompany him to the
+Coronation of George IV. They had tickets of admittance to Westminster
+Hall, but on arriving there they found that the sudden advent of Queen
+Caroline, attended by a mob claiming admission to the Abbey, had alarmed
+the authorities, who caused all the doors to be shut. That by which they
+should have entered was held close and guarded by several stalwart
+janitors. Belzoni thereupon advanced to the door, and, in spite of the
+efforts of these guardians, including Tom Crib and others of the
+pugilistic corps who had been engaged as constables, opened it with
+ease, and admitted himself and Mr. Murray.
+
+In 1820 Mr. Murray was invited to publish "The Fall of Jerusalem, a
+Sacred Tragedy," by the Rev. H.H. Milman, afterwards Dean of St. Paul's.
+As usual, he consulted Mr. Gifford, whose opinion was most favourable.
+"I have been more and more struck," he said, "with the innumerable
+beauties in Milman's 'Fall of Jerusalem.'"
+
+Mr. Murray requested the author to state his own price for the
+copyright, and Mr. Milman wrote:
+
+"I am totally at a loss to fix one. I think I might decide whether an
+offer were exceedingly high or exceedingly low, whether a Byron or Scott
+price, or such as is given to the first essay of a new author. Though
+the 'Fall of Jerusalem' might demand an Israelitish bargain, yet I shall
+not be a Jew further than my poetry. Make a liberal offer, such as the
+prospect will warrant, and I will at once reply, but I am neither able
+nor inclined to name a price.... As I am at present not very far
+advanced in life, I may hereafter have further dealings with the Press,
+and, of course, where I meet with liberality shall hope to make a return
+in the same way. It has been rather a favourite scheme of mine, though
+this drama cannot appear on the boards, to show it before it is
+published to my friend Mrs. Siddons, who perhaps might like to read it,
+either at home or abroad. I have not even hinted at such a thing to her,
+so that this is mere uncertainty, and, before it is printed, it would be
+in vain to think of it, as the old lady's eyes and MS. could never agree
+together.
+
+"P.S.--I ought to have said that I am very glad of Aristarchus'
+[Grifford's] approval. And, by the way, I think, if I help you in
+redeeming your character from 'Don Juan,' the 'Hetaerse' in the
+_Quarterly_, [Footnote: Mitchell's article on "Female Society in
+Greece," _Q.R._ No. 43.] etc., you ought to estimate that very highly."
+
+Mr. Murray offered Mr. Milman five hundred guineas for the copyright,
+to which the author replied: "Your offer appears to me very fair, and I
+shall have no scruple in acceding to it."
+
+Milman, in addition to numerous plays and poems, became a contributor to
+the _Quarterly_, and one of Murray's historians. He wrote the "History
+of the Jews" and the "History of Christianity"; he edited Gibbon and
+Horace, and continued during his lifetime to be one of Mr. Murray's most
+intimate and attached friends.
+
+In 1820 we find the first mention of a name afterwards to become as
+celebrated as any of those with which Mr. Murray was associated. Owing
+to the warm friendship which existed between the Murrays and the
+D'Israelis, the younger members of both families were constantly brought
+together on the most intimate terms. Mr. Murray was among the first to
+mark the abilities of the boy, Benjamin Disraeli, and, as would appear
+from the subjoined letter, his confidence in his abilities was so firm
+that he consulted him as to the merits of a MS. when he had scarcely
+reached his eighteenth year.
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_. _August_ 1822.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I ran my eye over three acts of "Wallace," [Footnote: "Wallace: a
+Historical Tragedy," in five acts, was published in 1820. Joanna Baillie
+spoke of the author, C.E. Walker, as "a very young and promising
+dramatist."] and, as far as I could form an opinion, I cannot conceive
+these acts to be as effective on the stage as you seemed to expect.
+However, it is impossible to say what a very clever actor like Macready
+may make of some of the passages. Notwithstanding the many erasures the
+diction is still diffuse, and sometimes languishing, though not
+inelegant. I cannot imagine it a powerful work as far as I have read.
+But, indeed, running over a part of a thing with people talking around
+is too unfair. I shall be anxious to hear how it succeeds. Many thanks,
+dear sir, for lending it to me. Your note arrives. If on so slight a
+knowledge of the play I could venture to erase either of the words you
+set before me, I fear it would be _Yes_, but I feel cruel and wicked in
+saying so. I hope you got your dinner in comfort when you got rid of me
+and that gentle pyramid [Belzoni].
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Southey was an indefatigable and elaborate correspondent, and, as
+his letters have already been published, it is not necessary to quote
+them. He rarely wrote to Mr. Gifford, who cut down his articles, and, as
+Southey insisted, generally emasculated them by omitting the best
+portions. Two extracts may be given from those written to Mr. Murray in
+1820, which do not seem yet to have been given to the world, the first
+in reference to a proposed Life of Warren Hastings:
+
+"It appears to me that the proper plan will be to publish a selection
+from Warren Hastings's papers and correspondence, accompanying it with
+his Life. That Life requires a compendious view of our Indian history
+down to the time of his administration, and in its progress it embraces
+the preservation of our Indian empire and the establishment of the
+existing system. Something must be interwoven concerning the history of
+the native powers, Mahomedan, Moor, Mahratta, etc., and their
+institutions. I see how all this is to be introduced, and see also that
+no subject can afford materials more important or more various. And what
+a pleasure it will be to read the triumph of such a man as Hastings over
+the tremendous combination of his persecutors at home! I had a noble
+catastrophe in writing the Life of Nelson, but the latter days of
+Hastings afford a scene more touching, and perhaps more sublime, because
+it is more uncommon. Let me have the works of Orme and Bruce and Mill,
+and I will set apart a portion of every day to the course of reading,
+and begin my notes accordingly."
+
+The second touches on his perennial grievance against Gifford:
+
+"You will really serve as well as oblige me, if you will let me have a
+duplicate set of proofs of my articles, that I may not _lose_ the
+passages which Mr. Gifford, in spite of repeated promises, always will
+strike out. In the last paper, among many other mutilations, the most
+useful _fact_ in the essay, for its immediate practical application, has
+been omitted, and for no imaginable reason (the historical fact that it
+was the reading a calumnious libel which induced Felton to murder the
+Duke of Buckingham). When next I touch upon public affairs for you, I
+will break the Whigs upon the wheel."
+
+Mrs. Graham, afterwards Lady Callcott, then the wife of Captain Graham,
+R.N., an authoress and friend of the Murray family, wrote to introduce
+Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles Eastlake, who had translated Baron
+Bartholdy's "Memoirs of the Carbonari."
+
+
+_Mrs. Graham to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 24, 1821.
+
+All great men have to pay the penalty of their greatness, and you,
+_arch-bookseller_ as you are, must now and then be entreated to do many
+things you only half like to do. I shall half break my heart if you and
+Bartholdy do not agree.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now, whether you publish "The Carbonari" or not, I bespeak your
+acquaintance for the translator, Mr. Eastlake. I want him to see the
+sort of thing that one only sees in your house, at your morning
+_levées_--the traffic of mind and literature, if I may call it so. To a
+man who has lived most of his grown-up life out of England, it is both
+curious and instructive, and I wish for this advantage for my friend.
+And in return for what I want you to benefit him, by giving him the
+_entrée_ to your rooms, I promise you great pleasure in having a
+gentleman of as much modesty as real accomplishment, and whose taste and
+talents as an artist must one day place him very high among our native
+geniuses. You and Mrs. Murray would, I am sure, love him as much as
+Captain Graham and I do. We met him at Malta on his return from Athens,
+where he had been with Lord Ruthven's party. Thence he went to Sicily
+with Lord Leven. In Rome, we lived in the same house. He was with us at
+Poli, and last summer at Ascoli with Lady Westmoreland. I have told him
+that, when he goes to London, he must show you two beautiful pictures he
+has done for Lord Guilford, views taken in Greece. You will see that his
+pictures and Lord Byron's poetry tell the same story of the "Land of the
+Unforgotten Brave." I envy you your morning visitors. I am really hungry
+for a new book. If you are so good as to send me any _provision fresh
+from Murray's shambles_, as Mr. Rose says, address it to me, care of Wm.
+Eastlake, Esq., Plymouth. Love to Mrs. Murray and children.
+
+Yours very gratefully and truly,
+
+MARIA GRAHAM.
+
+P.S.--If Graham has a ship given him at the time, and at the station
+promised, I shall be obliged to visit London towards the end of March or
+the beginning of April.
+
+
+Mr. Murray accepted and published the book.
+
+Lord Byron's works continued to be in great demand at home, and were
+soon pounced upon by the pirates in America and France. The Americans
+were beyond Murray's reach, but the French were, to a certain extent, in
+his power. Galignani, the Paris publisher, wrote to Lord Byron,
+requesting the assignment to him of the right of publishing his poetry
+in France. Byron replied that his poems belonged to Mr. Murray, and were
+his "property by purchase, right, and justice," and referred Galignani
+to him, "washing his hands of the business altogether." M. Galignani
+then applied to Mr. Murray, who sent him the following answer:
+
+
+_John Murray to M. Galignani_.
+
+_January_ 16, 1821.
+
+SIR,
+
+I have received your letter requesting me to assign to you exclusively
+the right of printing Lord Byron's works in France. In answer I shall
+state what you do not seem to be aware of, that for the copyright of
+these works you are printing for nothing, I have given the author
+upwards of £10,000. Lord Byron has sent me the assignment, regularly
+made, and dated April 20, 1818; and if you will send me £250 I will make
+it over to you. I have just received a Tragedy by Lord Byron, for the
+copyright of which I have paid £1,050, and also three new cantos of "Don
+Juan," for which I have paid £2,100. What can you afford to give me for
+the exclusive right of printing them in France upon condition that you
+receive them before any other bookseller? Your early reply will oblige.
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+M. Galignani then informed Mr. Murray that a pirated edition of Lord
+Byron's works had been issued by another publisher, and was being sold
+for 10 francs; and that, if he would assign him the new Tragedy and the
+new cantos of "Don Juan," he would pay him £100, and be at the expense
+of the prosecution of the surreptitious publisher. But nothing was said
+about the payment of £250 for the issue of Lord Byron's previous work.
+
+Towards the end of 1821 Mr. Murray received a letter from Messrs.
+Longman & Co., intimating, in a friendly way, "you will see in a day or
+two, in the newspapers, an advertisement of Mrs. Rundell's improved
+edition of her 'Cookery Book,' which she has placed in our hands for
+publication." Now, the "Domestic Cookery," as enlarged and improved by
+Mr. Murray, was practically a new work, and one of his best properties.
+When he heard of Mrs. Rundell's intention to bring out her Cookery Book
+through the Longmans, he consulted his legal adviser, Mr. Sharon Turner,
+who recommended that an injunction should at once be taken out to
+restrain the publication, and retained Mr. Littledale and Mr. Serjeant
+Copley for Mr. Murray. The injunction was duly granted.
+
+After some controversy and litigation the matter was arranged. Mr.
+Murray voluntarily agreed to pay to Mrs. Rundell £2,000, in full of all
+claims, and her costs and expenses. The Messrs. Longman delivered to Mr.
+Murray the stereotype plates of the Cookery Book, and stopped all
+further advertisements of Mrs. Rundell's work. Mr. Sharon Turner, when
+writing to tell Mr. Murray the result of his negotiations, concludes
+with the recommendation: "As Home and Shadwell [Murray's counsel] took
+much pains, I think if you were to send them each a copy of the Cookery
+Book, and (as a novelty) of 'Cain,' it would please them."
+
+Moore, in his Diary, notes: [Footnote: "Moore: Memoirs, Journal, and
+Correspondence," v. p. 119.] "I called at Pickering's, in Chancery Lane,
+who showed me the original agreement between Milton and Symonds for the
+payment of five pounds for 'Paradise Lost.' The contrast of this sum
+with the £2,000 given by Mr. Murray for Mrs. Rundell's 'Cookery'
+comprises a history in itself. Pickering, too, gave forty-five guineas
+for this agreement, nine times as much as the sum given for the poem."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING--UGO FOSCOLO--LADY CAROLINE LAMB--"HAJJI BABA"--MRS.
+MARKHAM'S HISTORIES.
+
+
+The book trade between England and America was in its infancy at the,
+time of which we are now writing, and though Mr. Murray was frequently
+invited to publish American books, he had considerable hesitation in
+accepting such invitations.
+
+Mr. Washington Irving, who was already since 1807 favourably known as an
+author in America, called upon Mr. Murray, and was asked to dine, as
+distinguished Americans usually were. He thus records his recollections
+of the event in a letter to his brother Peter at Liverpool:
+
+
+_Mr. Washington Irving to Mr. Peter Irving_.
+
+_August_ 19, 1817.
+
+"I had a very pleasant dinner at Murray's. I met there D'Israeli and an
+artist [Brockedon] just returned from Italy with an immense number of
+beautiful sketches of Italian scenery and architecture. D'Israeli's wife
+and daughter came in in the course of the evening, and we did not
+adjourn until twelve o'clock. I had a long _tête-à-tête_ with old
+D'Israeli in a corner. He is a very pleasant, cheerful old fellow,
+curious about America, and evidently tickled at the circulation his
+works have had there, though, like most authors just now, he groans at
+not being able to participate in the profits. Murray was very merry and
+loquacious. He showed me a long letter from Lord Byron, who is in Italy.
+It is written with some flippancy, but is an odd jumble. His Lordship
+has written some 104 stanzas of the fourth canto ('Childe Harold'). He
+says it will be less metaphysical than the last canto, but thinks it
+will be at least equal to either of the preceding. Murray left town
+yesterday for some watering-place, so that I have had no further talk
+with him, but am to keep my eye on his advertisements and write to him
+when anything offers that I may think worth republishing in America. I
+shall find him a most valuable acquaintance on my return to London."
+
+A business in Liverpool, in which, with his brother, he was a partner,
+proved a failure, and in 1818 he was engaged on his famous "Sketch
+Book," which he wrote in England, and sent to his brother Ebenezer in
+New York to be published there. The work appeared in three parts in the
+course of the year 1819. Several of the articles were copied in English
+periodicals and were read with great admiration. A writer in _Blackwood_
+expressed surprise that Mr. Irving had thought fit to publish his
+"Sketch Book" in America earlier than in Britain, and predicted a large
+and eager demand for such a work. On this encouragement, Irving, who was
+still in England, took the first three numbers, which had already
+appeared in America, to Mr. Murray, and left them with him for
+examination and approval. Murray excused himself on the ground that he
+did not consider the work in question likely to form the basis of
+"satisfactory accounts," and without this he had no "satisfaction" in
+undertaking to publish.
+
+Irving thereupon sought (but did not take) the advice of Sir W. Scott,
+and entered into an arrangement with Miller of the Burlington Arcade,
+and in February 1820 the first four numbers were published in a volume.
+Miller shortly after became bankrupt, the sale of the book (of which one
+thousand had been printed) was interrupted, and Irving's hopes of profit
+were dashed to the ground. At this juncture, Walter Scott, who was then
+in London, came to his help.
+
+
+"I called to him for help as I was sticking in the mire, and, more
+propitious than Hercules, he put his own shoulder to the wheel. Through
+his favourable representations Murray was quickly induced to undertake
+the future publication of the work which he had previously declined. A
+further edition of the first volume was put to press, and from that time
+Murray became my publisher, conducting himself in all his dealings with
+that fair, open, and liberal spirit which had obtained for him the
+well-merited appellation of the Prince of Booksellers." [Footnote:
+Preface to the revised edition of "The Sketch Book."]
+
+Irving, being greatly in want of money, offered to dispose of the work
+entirely to the publisher, and Murray, though he had no legal protection
+for his purchase, not only gave him £200 for it, but two months later
+he wrote to Irving, stating that his volumes had succeeded so much
+beyond his commercial estimate that he begged he would do him the favour
+to draw on him at sixty-five days for one hundred guineas in addition to
+the sum agreed upon. And again, eight months later, Murray made Irving a
+second gratuitous contribution of a hundred pounds, to which the author
+replied, "I never knew any one convey so much meaning in so concise and
+agreeable a manner." The author's "Bracebridge Hall" and other works
+were also published by Mr. Murray.
+
+In 1822 Irving, who liked to help his literary fellow-countrymen, tried
+to induce Mr. Murray to republish James Fenimore Cooper's novels in
+England. Mr. Murray felt obliged to decline, as he found that these
+works were pirated by other publishers; American authors were then
+beginning to experience the same treatment in England which English
+authors have suffered in America. The wonder was that Washington
+Irving's works so long escaped the same doom.
+
+In 1819 Mr. Murray first made the acquaintance of Ugo Foscolo. A native
+of Zante, descended from a Venetian family who had settled in the Ionian
+Islands, Foscolo studied at Padua, and afterwards took up his residence
+at Venice. The ancient aristocracy of that city had been banished by
+Napoleon Bonaparte, and the conqueror gave over Venice to Austria.
+Foscolo attacked Bonaparte in his "Lettere di Ortis." After serving as a
+volunteer in the Lombard Legion through the disastrous campaign of 1799,
+Foscolo, on the capitulation of Genoa, retired to Milan, where he
+devoted himself to literary pursuits. He once more took service--under
+Napoleon--and in 1805 formed part of the army of England assembled at
+Boulogne; but soon left the army, went to Pavia (where he had been
+appointed Professor of Eloquence), and eventually at the age of forty
+took refuge in England. Here he found many friends, who supported him in
+his literary efforts. Among others he called upon Mr. Murray, who
+desired his co-operation in writing for the _Quarterly_. An article, on
+"The Poems of the Italians" was his first contribution. Mr. Thomas
+Mitchell, the translator of "Aristophanes," desired Mr. Murray to give
+Foscolo his congratulations upon his excellent essay, as well as on his
+acquaintance with our language.
+
+
+_Mr. Thomas Mitchell to John Murray_.
+
+"The first time I had the pleasure of seeing M. Foscolo was at a _table
+d'hôte_ at Berne. There was something in his physiognomy which very much
+attracted nay notice; and, for some reason or another, I thought that I
+seemed to be an object of his attention. At table, Foscolo was seated
+next to a young Hanoverian, between whom and me a very learned
+conversation had passed on the preceding evening, and a certain degree
+of acquaintance was cemented in consequence. The table was that day
+graced with the appearance of some of the Court ladies of Stuttgard, and
+all passed off with the decorum usually observed abroad, when suddenly,
+towards the conclusion of the feast a violent hubbub was heard between
+M. Foscolo and his Hanoverian neighbour, who, in angry terms and with
+violent gestures, respectively asserted the superior harmonies of Greek
+and Latin. This ended with the former's suddenly producing a card,
+accompanied with the following annunciation: 'Sir, my name is Ugo
+Foscolo; I am a native of Greece, and I have resided thirty years in
+Italy; I therefore think I ought to know something of the matter. This
+card contains my address, and if you have anything further to say, you
+know where I am to be found.' Whether Foscolo's name or manner daunted
+the young Hanoverian, or whether he was only a bird of passage, I don't
+know, but we saw nothing more of him after that day. Foscolo, after the
+ladies had retired, made an apology, directed a good deal to me, who, by
+the forms of the place, happened to be at the head of the table; a
+considerable degree of intimacy took place between us, and an excellent
+man I believe him to be, in spite of these little ebullitions."
+
+
+Ugo Foscolo, who was eccentric to an excess, and very extravagant, had
+many attached friends, though he tried them sorely. To Mr. Murray he
+became one of the troubles of private as well as publishing life. He had
+a mania for building, and a mania for ornamentation, but he was very
+short of money for carrying out his freaks. He thought himself at the
+same time to be perfectly moderate, simple, and sweet-tempered. He took
+a house in South Bank, Regent's Park, which he named Digamma
+Cottage--from his having contributed to the _Quarterly Review_ an
+article on the Digamma--and fitted it up in extravagant style.
+
+Foscolo could scarcely live at peace with anybody, and, as the result of
+one of his numerous altercations, he had to fight a duel. "We are," Lady
+Dacre wrote to Murray (December 1823), "to have the whole of Foscolo's
+duel to-morrow. He tells me that it is not about a 'Fair lady': thank
+heaven!"
+
+Foscolo was one of Mr. Murray's inveterate correspondents--about
+lectures, about translations, about buildings, about debts, about loans,
+and about borrowings. On one occasion Mr. Murray received from him a
+letter of thirteen pages quarto. A few sentences of this may be worth
+quoting:
+
+_Mr. Foscolo to John Murray_.
+
+SOUTH BANK, _August_ 20, 1822.
+
+"During six years (for I landed in England the 10th September, 1816) I
+have constantly laboured under difficulties the most distressing; no one
+knows them so well as yourself, because no one came to my assistance
+with so warm a friendship or with cares so constant and delicate. My
+difficulties have become more perplexing since the Government both of
+the Ionian Islands and Italy have precluded even the possibility of my
+returning to the countries where a slender income would be sufficient,
+and where I would not be under the necessity of making a degrading use
+of my faculties. I was born a racehorse; and after near forty years of
+successful racing, I am now drawing the waggon--nay, to be the teacher
+of French to my copyists, and the critic of English to my
+translators!-to write sophistry about criticism, which I always
+considered a sort of literary quackery, and to put together paltry
+articles for works which I never read. Indeed, if I have not undergone
+the doom of almost all individuals whose situation becomes suddenly
+opposed to their feelings and habits, and if I am not yet a lunatic, I
+must thank the mechanical strength of my nerves. My nerves, however,
+will not withstand the threatenings of shame which I have always
+contemplated with terror. Time and fortune have taught me to meet all
+other evils with fortitude; but I grow every day more and more a coward
+at the idea of the approach of a stigma on my character; and as now I
+must live and die in England, and get the greater part of my subsistence
+from my labour, I ought to reconcile, if not labour with literary
+reputation, at least labour and life with a spotless name."
+
+He then goes on to state that his debts amount to £600 or thereabouts,
+including a sum of £20 which he owed to Mr. Murray himself. Then he must
+have the money necessary for his subsistence, and he "finds he cannot
+live on less than £400 per annum."
+
+"My apartments," he continues, "decently furnished, encompass me with an
+atmosphere of ease and respectability; and I enjoy the illusion of not
+having fallen into the lowest circumstances.
+
+I always declare that I will die like a gentleman, on a decent bed,
+surrounded by casts (as I cannot buy the marbles) of the Venuses, of the
+Apollos, and of the Graces, and the busts of great men; nay, even among
+flowers, and, if possible, with some graceful innocent girl playing an
+old pianoforte in an adjoining room. And thus dies the hero of my novel.
+Far from courting the sympathy of mankind, I would rather be forgotten
+by posterity than give it the gratification of ejaculating preposterous
+sighs because I died like Camoens and Tasso on the bed of an hospital.
+And since I must be buried in your country, I am happy in having insured
+for me the possession during the remains of my life of a cottage built
+after my plan, surrounded by flowering shrubs, almost within the
+tumpikes of the town, and yet as quiet as a country-house, and open to
+the free air. Whenever I can freely dispose of a hundred pounds, I will
+also build a small dwelling for my corpse, under a beautiful Oriental
+plane-tree, which I mean to plant next November, and cultivate _con
+amore_. So far I am indeed an epicure; in all other things I am the most
+moderate of men."
+
+The upshot of the letter is, that he wishes Mr. Murray to let him have
+£1,000, to be repaid in five years, he meanwhile writing articles for
+the _Quarterly_--one-half of the payment to be left with the publisher,
+and the remaining half to be added to his personal income. He concludes:
+
+"In seeking out a way of salvation, I think it incumbent on me to
+prevent the tyranny of necessity, that I might not be compelled by it to
+endanger my character and the interest of a friend whose kindness I have
+always experienced, and whose assistance I am once more obliged to
+solicit."
+
+Mr. Murray paid off some of his more pressing embarrassments--£30 to
+Messrs. Bentley for bills not taken up; £33 7_s_. to Mr. Kelly the
+printer; £14 to Mr. Antonini; and £50 to Foscolo's builder--besides
+becoming security for £300 to his bankers (with whom Foscolo did
+business), in order to ensure him a respite for six months. On the other
+hand, Foscolo agreed to insure his life for £600 as a sort of guarantee.
+"Was ever" impecunious author "so trusted before"? At this crisis in his
+affairs many friends came about him and took an interest in the patriot;
+Mr. Hallam and Mr. Wilbraham offered him money, but he would not accept
+"gratuities" from them, though he had no objection to accepting their
+"loans." Arrangements were then made for Foscolo to deliver a series of
+lectures on Italian Literature. Everything was settled, the day
+arrived, the room was crowded with a distinguished assembly, when at the
+last moment Foscolo appeared without his MS., which he had forgotten.
+
+The course of lectures, however, which had been designed to relieve him
+from the pressure of his debts, proved successful, and brought him in,
+it is said, as much as £1,000; whereupon he immediately set to work to
+squander his earnings by giving a public breakfast to his patrons, for
+which purpose he thought it incumbent on him, amongst other expenses, to
+make a new approach and a gravelled carriage road to Digamma Cottage.
+
+Ugo Foscolo lived on credit to the end of his life, surrounded by all
+that was luxurious and beautiful. How he contrived it, no one knew, for
+his resources remained at the lowest ebb. Perhaps his friends helped
+him, for English Liberals of good means regarded him as a martyr in the
+cause of freedom, one who would never bow the knee to Baal, and who had
+dared the first Napoleon when his very word was law. But Foscolo's
+friends without doubt became tired of his extravagance and his
+licentious habits, and fell away from him. Disease at last found him
+out; he died of dropsy at Turnham Green, near Hammersmith, in 1827, when
+only in the fiftieth year of his age, and was buried in Chiswick
+churchyard; but in June 1871 his body was exhumed and conveyed to
+Florence, where he was buried in Santa Croce, between the tomb of
+Alfieri and the monument of Dante.
+
+Lady Caroline Lamb had continued to keep up her intimacy with Mr.
+Murray; and now that she was preparing a new work for the press, her
+correspondence increased. While he was at Wimbledon during summer, she
+occasionally met literary friends at his house. She had already
+published "Glenarvon," the hero of which was supposed to represent Lord
+Byron, and was now ready with "Penruddock." "I am in great anxiety," she
+wrote to Mr. Murray, "about your not informing me what Gifford says. I
+think it might be a civil way of giving me my death-warrant--if
+'Penruddock' does not."
+
+Whether the criticism of Mr. Gifford was too severe, or whether Mr.
+Murray was so much engaged in business and correspondence as to take no
+notice of Lady Caroline Lamb's communication, does not appear; but she
+felt the neglect, and immediately followed it up with another letter as
+follows:
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_December 8, 1822_.
+
+MY DEAR AND MOST OBSTINATELY SILENT SIR,
+
+From one until nine upon Tuesday I shall be at Melbourne House waiting
+for you; but if you wish to see the prettiest woman in England,--besides
+myself and William--be at Melbourne House at quarter to six, at which
+hour we dine; and if you will come at half-past one, or two, or three,
+to say you will dine and to ask me to forgive your inexorable and
+inhuman conduct, pray do, for I arrive at twelve in that said home and
+leave it at nine the ensuing morning. What can have happened to you that
+you will not write?
+
+The following letter from William Lamb (afterwards Lord Melbourne), the
+long-suffering and generous husband of this wayward lady, refers to a
+novel entitled "Ada Reis."
+
+_The Honble. William Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_December 20, 1822_.
+
+"The incongruity of, and objections to, the story of 'Ada Reis' can only
+be got over by power of writing, beauty of sentiment, striking and
+effective situation, etc. If Mr. Gifford thinks there is in the first
+two volumes anything of excellence sufficient to overbalance their
+manifest faults, I still hope that he will press upon Lady Caroline the
+absolute necessity of carefully reconsidering and revising the third
+volume, and particularly the conclusion of the novel.
+
+"Mr. Gifford, I dare say, will agree with me that since the time of
+Lucian all the representations of the infernal regions, which have been
+attempted by satirical writers, such as 'Fielding's Journey from this
+World to the Next,' have been feeble and flat. The sketch in "Ada Reis"
+is commonplace in its observations and altogether insufficient, and it
+would not do now to come with a decisive failure in an attempt of
+considerable boldness. I think, if it were thought that anything could
+be done with the novel, and that the faults of its design and structure
+can be got over, that I could put her in the way of writing up this part
+a little, and giving it something of strength, spirit, and novelty, and
+of making it at once more moral and more interesting. I wish you would
+communicate these my hasty suggestions to Mr. Gifford, and he will see
+the propriety of pressing Lady Caroline to take a little more time to
+this part of the novel. She will be guided by his authority, and her
+fault at present is to be too hasty and too impatient of the trouble of
+correcting and recasting what is faulty."
+
+"Ada Reis" was published in March 1823.
+
+Another of England's Prime Ministers, Lord John Russell, had in
+contemplation a History of Europe, and consulted Mr. Murray on the
+subject. A first volume, entitled "The Affairs of Europe," was published
+without the author's name on the title-page, and a few years later
+another volume was published, but it remained an unfinished work. Lord
+John was an ambitious and restless author; without steady perseverance
+in any branch of literature; he went from poems to tragedies, from
+tragedies to memoirs, then to history, tales, translations of part of
+the "Odyssey," essays (by the Gentleman who left his Lodgings), and then
+to memoirs and histories again. Mr. Croker said of his "Don Carlos": "It
+is not easy to find any poetry, or even oratory, of the present day
+delivered with such cold and heavy diction, such distorted tropes and
+disjointed limbs of similes worn to the bones long ago."
+
+Another work that excited greater interest than Lord John Russell's
+anonymous history was Mr. James Morier's "Hajji Baba." Mr. Morier had in
+his youth travelled through the East, especially in Persia, where he
+held a post under Sir Gore Ouseley, then English Ambassador. On his
+return to England, he published accounts of his travels; but his "Hajji
+Baba" was more read than any other of his works. Sir Walter Scott was
+especially pleased with it, and remarked that "Hajji Baba" might be
+termed the Oriental "Gil Bias." Mr. Morier afterwards published "The
+Adventures of Hajji Baba in England," as well as other works of an
+Eastern character. The following letter, written by the Persian Envoy in
+England, Miiza Abul Hassan, shows the impression created by English
+society on a foreigner in April 1824:
+
+_Letter from the Persian Envoy, Mirza Abul Hassan, to the London
+Gentleman without, who lately wrote letter to him and ask very much to
+give answer_.
+
+_April 3, 1824._
+
+SIR, MY LORD,
+
+When you write to me some time ago to give my thought of what I see good
+and bad this country, that time I not speak English very well. Now I
+read, I write much little better. Now I give to you my think. In this
+country bad not too much, everything very good. But suppose I not tell
+something little bad, then you say I tell all flattery--therefore I tell
+most bad thing. I not like such crowd in evening party every night. In
+cold weather not very good, now hot weather, much too bad. I very much
+astonish every day now much hot than before, evening parties much crowd
+than before. Pretty beautiful ladies come sweat, that not very good. I
+always afraid some old lady in crowd come dead, that not very good, and
+spoil my happiness. I think old ladies after 85 years not come to
+evening party, that much better. Why for take so much trouble? Some
+other thing rather bad. Very beautiful young lady she got ugly fellow
+for husband, that not very good, very shocking. I ask Sr Gore [Sir Gore
+Ouseley] why for this. He says me--"perhaps he very good man, not
+handsome; no matter, perhaps he got too much money, perhaps got title."
+I say I not like that, all very shocking. This all bad I know. Now I say
+good. English people all very good people. All very happy. Do what they
+like, say what like, write in newspaper what like. I love English people
+very much, they very civil to me. I tell my King English love Persian
+very much. English King best man in world, he love his people very good
+much; he speak very kind to me, I love him very much. Queen very best
+woman I ever saw. Prince of Wales such a fine elegant beautiful man. I
+not understand English enough proper to praise him, he too great for my
+language. I respect him same as my own King. I love him much better, his
+manner all same as talisman and charm. All the Princes very fine men,
+very handsome men, very sweet words, very affable. I like all too much.
+I think the ladies and gentlemen this country most high rank, high
+honour, very rich, except two or three most good, very kind to inferior
+peoples. This very good. I go to see Chelsea. All old men sit on grass
+in shade of fine tree, fine river run by, beautiful place, plenty to
+eat, drink, good coat, everything very good. Sir Gore he tell me King
+Charles and King Jame. I say Sir Gore, They not Musselman, but I think
+God love them very much. I think God he love the King very well for
+keeping up that charity. Then I see one small regiment of children go to
+dinner, one small boy he say thanks to God for eat, for drink, for
+clothes, other little boys they all answer Amen. Then I cry a little, my
+heart too much pleased. This all very good for two things--one thing,
+God very much please; two things, soldiers fight much better, because
+see their good King take care of old wounded fathers and little
+children. Then I go to Greenwich, that too good place, such a fine sight
+make me a little sick for joy. All old men so happy, eat dinner, so
+well, fine house, fine beds--all very good. This very good country.
+English ladies very handsome, very beautiful. I travel great deal. I go
+Arabia, I go Calcutta, Hyderabad, Poonah, Bombay, Georgia, Armenia,
+Constantinople, Malta, Gibraltar. I see best Georgia, Circassian,
+Turkish, Greek ladies, but nothing not so beautiful as English ladies,
+all very clever, speak French, speak English, speak Italian, play music
+very well, sing very good. Very glad for me if Persian ladies like them.
+But English ladies speak such sweet words. I think tell a little
+story--that not very good.
+
+One thing more I see but I not understand that thing good or bad. Last
+Thursday I see some fine horses, fine carriages, thousand people go to
+look that carriages. I ask why for? They say me, that gentleman on boxes
+they drive their own carriages. I say why for take so much trouble? They
+say me he drive very well; that very good thing. It rain very hard, some
+lord some gentleman he get very wet. I say why he not go inside? They
+tell me good coachman not mind get wet every day, will be much ashamed
+if go inside; that I not understand.
+
+Sir, my Lord, good-night,
+
+ABUL HASSAN.
+
+
+Mr. Murray invariably consulted Mr. Barrow as to any works on voyages or
+travels he was required to publish, and found him a faithful adviser.
+The following expression of opinion, from one with so large an
+experience, is interesting:
+
+_Mr. J. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_March 28, 1823._
+
+"I need not tell you that caprice rather than merit governs the sale of
+a work. If instances are wanting, I might quote those of Belzoni and
+Hamilton. [Footnote: This reference probably refers to Walter Hamilton's
+"Description of Hindostan and adjacent Countries," published a few years
+before.] The first absolute trumpery when put in competition with the
+second; yet the former, I believe, sold about ten times the number of
+the latter."
+
+Another little book published about this time has a curious history, and
+illustrates the lottery of book publishing. Mrs. Markham's [Footnote:
+This lady's real name was Mrs. Penrose.] "History of England" was first
+published by Constable, but it fell still-born from the press. Mr.
+Murray, discerning the merit of the work in 1824, bought the remainder
+of 333 copies from Constable, and had it revised, corrected, and
+enlarged, and brought out in an entirely new form. He placed it in his
+list of school books, and pushed it among the teachers throughout the
+country, until at length it obtained a very large and regular
+circulation. The book has subsequently undergone frequent revision, and
+down to the present date it continues to be a great favourite,
+especially in ladies' schools.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+GIFFORD'S RETIREMENT FROM THE EDITORSHIP OF THE "QUARTERLY"--AND DEATH
+
+
+It had for some time been evident, as has been shown in a previous
+chapter, that Gifford was becoming physically incapable of carrying on
+the Editorship of the _Quarterly Review_, but an occasional respite from
+the pressure of sickness, as well as his own unwillingness to abandon
+his connection with a work which he regarded with paternal affection,
+and Murray's difficulty in finding a worthy successor, combined to
+induce him to remain at his post.
+
+He accordingly undertook to carry on his editorial duties till the
+publication of the 60th number, aided and supported by the active energy
+of Barrow and Croker, who, in conjunction with the publisher, did most
+of the necessary drudgery.
+
+In December 1823 Canning had written to say that he was in bed with the
+gout; to this Gifford replied:
+
+
+MY DEAR CANNING,
+
+I wish you had a pleasanter bedfellow; but here am I on the sofa with a
+cough, and a very disagreeable associate I find it. Old Moore, I think,
+died all but his voice, and my voice is nearly dead before me; in other
+respects, I am much as I was when you saw me, and this weather is in my
+favour.... I have promised Murray to try to carry on the _Review_ to the
+60th number; the 58th is now nearly finished. This seems a desperate
+promise, and beyond it I will not, cannot go; for, at best, as the old
+philosopher said, I am dying at my ease, as my complaint has taken a
+consumptive turn. The vultures already scent the carcase, and three or
+four _Quarterly Reviews_ are about to start. One is to be set up by
+Haygarth, whom I think I once mentioned to you as talked of to succeed
+me, but he is now in open hostility to Murray; another is to be called
+the _Westminster Quarterly Review_, and will, if I may judge from the
+professions of impartiality, be a decided Opposition Journal. They will
+all have their little day, perhaps, and then drop into the grave of
+their predecessors. The worst is that we cannot yet light upon a fit and
+promising successor.
+
+Ever, my dear Canning,
+
+Faithfully and affectionately yours,
+
+WILLIAM GIFFORD.
+
+This state of matters could not be allowed to go on much longer;
+sometimes a quarter passed without a number appearing; in 1824 only two
+_Quarterlies_ appeared--No. 60, due in January, but only published in
+August; and No. 61, due in April, but published in December. An
+expostulation came from Croker to Murray (January 23, 1824):
+
+"Have you made up _your mind_ about an editor? Southey has written to me
+on the subject, as if you had, and as if he knew your choice; I do not
+like to answer him before I know what I am to say. Will you dine at
+Kensington on Sunday at 6?"
+
+Southey had long been meditating about the editorship. It never appears
+to have been actually offered to him, but his name, as we have already
+seen, was often mentioned in connection with it. He preferred, however,
+going on with his own works and remaining a contributor only. Politics,
+too, may have influenced him, for we find him writing to Mr. Murray on
+December 15, 1824: "The time cannot be far distant when the _Q.R._ must
+take its part upon a most momentous subject, and choose between Mr.
+Canning and the Church. I have always considered it as one of the
+greatest errors in the management of the _Review_ that it should have
+been silent upon that subject so long." So far as regarded his position
+as a contributor, Southey expressed his opinion to Murray explicitly:
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_October 25, 1824_.
+
+"No future Editor, be he who he may, must expect to exercise the same
+discretion over my papers which Mr. Gifford has done. I will at any time
+curtail what may be deemed too long, and consider any objections that
+may be made, with a disposition to defer to them when it can be done
+without sacrificing my own judgment upon points which may seem to me
+important. But my age and (I may add without arrogance) the rank which I
+hold in literature entitle me to say that I will never again write under
+the correction of any one."
+
+Gifford's resignation is announced in the following letter to Canning
+(September 8, 1824):
+
+_Mr. W. Gifford to the Rt. Hon. G. Canning_.
+
+_September 8, 1824_.
+
+MY DEAR CANNING,
+
+I have laid aside my Regalia, and King Gifford, first of the name, is
+now no more, as Sir Andrew Aguecheek says, "than an ordinary mortal or a
+Christian." It is necessary to tell you this, for, with the exception of
+a dark cloud which has come over Murray's brow, no prodigies in earth or
+air, as far as I have heard, have announced it.
+
+It is now exactly sixteen years ago since your letter invited or
+encouraged me to take the throne. I did not mount it without a trembling
+fit; but I was promised support, and I have been nobly supported. As far
+as regards myself, I have borne my faculties soberly, if not meekly. I
+have resisted, with undeviating firmness, every attempt to encroach upon
+me, every solicitation of publisher, author, friend, or friend's friend,
+and turned not a jot aside for power or delight. In consequence of this
+integrity of purpose, the Review has long possessed a degree of
+influence, not only in this, but in other countries hitherto unknown;
+and I have the satisfaction, at this late hour, of seeing it in its most
+palmy state. No number has sold better than the sixtieth.
+
+But there is a sad tale to tell. For the last three years I have
+perceived the mastery which disease and age were acquiring over a
+constitution battered and torn at the best, and have been perpetually
+urging Murray to look about for a successor, while I begged Coplestone,
+Blomfield, and others to assist the search. All has been ineffectual.
+Murray, indeed, has been foolishly flattering himself that I might be
+cajoled on from number to number, and has not, therefore, exerted
+himself as he ought to have done; but the rest have been in earnest. Do
+you know any one? I once thought of Robert Grant; but he proved timid,
+and indeed his saintly propensities would render him suspected. Reginald
+Heber, whom I should have preferred to any one, was snatched from me for
+a far higher object.
+
+I have been offered a Doctor's Degree, and when I declined it, on
+account of my inability to appear in public, my own college (Exeter)
+most kindly offered to confer it on me in private; that is, at the
+Rector's lodgings. This, too, I declined, and begged the Dean of
+Westminster, who has a living in the neighbourhood, to excuse me as
+handsomely as he could. It might, for aught I know, be a hard race
+between a shroud and a gown which shall get me first; at any rate, it
+was too late for honours.
+
+Faithfully and affectionately yours,
+
+WILLIAM GIFFORD.
+
+Mr. J.T. Coleridge had long been regarded as the most eligible
+successor to Mr. Gifford, and on him the choice now fell. Mr. Murray
+forwarded the reply of Mr. Coleridge which contained his acceptance of
+the editorship to Mr. Gifford, accompanied by the following note:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+WHITEHALL PLACE,
+
+_December 11, 1824_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I shall not attempt to express the feelings with which I communicate the
+enclosed answer to the proposal which I suspect it would have been
+thought contemptible in me any longer to have delayed, and all that I
+can find to console myself with is the hope that I may be able to evince
+my gratitude to you during life, and to your memory, if it so please the
+Almighty that I am to be the survivor.
+
+I am your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Murray lost no time in informing his friends of the new arrangement.
+
+Gifford lived for about two years more, and continued to entertain many
+kind thoughts of his friends and fellow-contributors: his intercourse
+with his publisher was as close and intimate as ever to the end.
+
+The last month of Gifford's life was but a slow dying. He was sleepless,
+feverish, oppressed by an extreme difficulty of breathing, which often
+entirely deprived him of speech; and his sight had failed. Towards the
+end of his life he would sometimes take up a pen, and after a vain
+attempt to write, would throw it down, saying, "No, my work is done!"
+Even thinking caused him pain. As his last hour drew near, his mind
+began to wander. "These books have driven me mad," he once said, "I must
+read my prayers." He passed gradually away, his pulse ceasing to beat
+five hours before his death. And then he slept out of life, on December
+31, 1826, in his 68th year--a few months before the death of Canning.
+
+Mr. Gifford desired that he should be buried in the ground attached to
+Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street, where he had interred Annie
+Davies, his faithful old housekeeper, but his friends made application
+for his interment in Westminster Abbey, which was acceded to, and he was
+buried there accordingly on January 8, 1827, immediately under the
+monuments of Camden and Garrick. He was much richer at the time of his
+death than he was at all aware of, for he was perfectly indifferent
+about money. Indeed, he several times returned money to Mr. Murray,
+saying that "he had been too liberal." He left £25,000 of personal
+property, a considerable part of which he left to the relatives of Mr.
+Cookesley, the surgeon of Ashburton, who had been to him so faithful and
+self-denying a friend in his early life. To Mr. Murray he left £100 as a
+memorial, and also 500 guineas, to enable him to reimburse a military
+gentleman, to whom, jointly with Mr. Cookesley, he appears to have been
+bound for that sum at a former period.
+
+Gifford has earned, but it is now generally recognised that he has
+unjustly earned, the character of a severe, if not a bitter critic.
+Possessing an unusually keen discernment of genuine excellence, and a
+scathing power of denunciation of what was false or bad in literature,
+he formed his judgments in accordance with a very high standard of
+merit. Sir Walter Scott said of his "Baviad and Mæviad, that "he
+squashed at one blow a set of coxcombs who might have humbugged the
+world long enough." His critical temper, however, was in truth
+exceptionally equable; regarding it as his duty to encourage all that
+was good and elevating, and relentlessly to denounce all that was bad or
+tended to lower the tone of literature, he conscientiously acted up to
+the standard by which he judged others, and never allowed personal
+feeling to intrude upon his official judgments.
+
+It need scarcely be said that he proved himself an excellent editor, and
+that he entertained a high idea of the duties of that office. William
+Jerdan, who was introduced to Gifford by Canning, said: "I speak of him
+as he always was to me--full of gentleness, a sagacious adviser and
+instructor, upon so comprehensive a scale, that I never met his superior
+among the men of the age most renowned for vast information, and his
+captivating power in communicating it." His sagacity and quickness of
+apprehension were remarkable, as was also the extraordinary rapidity
+with which he was able to eviscerate a work, and summarize its contents
+in a few pages.
+
+The number of articles which he himself wrote was comparatively small,
+for he confined himself for the most part to revising and improving the
+criticisms of others, and though in thus dealing with articles submitted
+to him he frequently erased what the writers considered some of their
+best criticisms, he never lost their friendship and support. He disliked
+incurring any obligation which might in any degree shackle the
+expression of his free opinions. In conjunction with Mr. Murray, he laid
+down a rule, which as we have already seen was advocated by Scott, and
+to which no exception has ever been made, that every writer in the
+_Quarterly_ should receive payment for his contribution. On one
+occasion, when a gentleman in office would not receive the money, the
+article was returned. "I am not more certain of many conjectures," says
+Jerdan, "than I am of this, that he never propagated a dishonest opinion
+nor did a dishonest act."
+
+Gifford took no notice of the ferocious attacks made upon him by Hunt
+and Hazlitt. Holding, as he did, that inviolable secrecy was one of the
+prime functions of an editor--though the practice has since become very
+different--he never attempted to vindicate himself, or to reveal the
+secret as to the writers of the reviews. In accordance with his plan of
+secrecy, he desired Dr. Ireland, his executor, to destroy all
+confidential letters, especially those relating to the _Review_, so that
+the names of the authors, as well as the prices paid for each article,
+might never be known.
+
+In society, of which he saw but little, except at Mr. Murray's, he was
+very entertaining. He told a story remarkably well; and had an
+inexhaustible supply; the archness of his eyes and countenance making
+them all equally good.
+
+He had never been married; but although he had no children, he had an
+exceeding love for them. When well, he delighted in giving juvenile
+parties, and rejoiced at seeing the children frisking about in the
+happiness of youth--a contrast which threw the misery of his own early
+life into strange relief. His domestic favourites were his dog and his
+cat, both of which he dearly loved. He was also most kind and generous
+to his domestic servants; and all who knew him well, sorrowfully
+lamented his death.
+
+Many years after Gifford's death, a venomous article upon him appeared
+in a London periodical. The chief point of this anonymous attack was
+contained in certain extracts from the writings of Sir W. Scott,
+Southey, and other eminent contemporaries of Mr. Gifford. Mr. R.W. Hay,
+one of the oldest contributors to the _Quarterly_, was at that time
+still living, and, in allusion to the article in question, he wrote to
+Mr. Murray's son:
+
+_Mr. R.W. Hay to Mr. Murray_.
+
+_July 7, 1856_.
+
+It is wholly worthless, excepting as it contains strictures of Sir W.
+Scott, Southey, and John Wilson on the critical character of the late
+Wm. Gifford. I by no means subscribe to all that is said by these
+distinguished individuals on the subject, and I cannot help suspecting
+that the high station in literature which they occupied rendered them
+more than commonly sensitive to the corrections and erasures which were
+proposed by the editor. Sir Walter (great man as he was) was perfectly
+capable of writing so carelessly as to require correction, and both
+Southey and John Wilson might occasionally have brought forth opinions,
+on political and other matters, which were not in keeping with the
+general tone of the _Quarterly Review_. That poor Gifford was deformed
+in figure, feeble in health, unhappily for him there can be no denying,
+but that he had any pleasure in tormenting, as asserted by some, that he
+indulged in needless criticism without any regard to the feelings of
+those who were under his lash, I am quite satisfied cannot justly be
+maintained. In my small dealings with the _Review_, I only found the
+editor most kind and considerate. His amendments and alterations I
+generally at once concurred in, and I especially remember in one of the
+early articles, that he diminished the number of Latin quotations very
+much to its advantage; that his heart was quite in the right place I
+have had perfect means of knowing from more than one circumstance,
+_e.g._, his anxiety for the welfare of his friend Hoppner the painter's
+children was displayed in the variety of modes which he adopted to
+assist them, and when John Gait was sorely maltreated in the _Review_ in
+consequence of his having attributed to me, incorrectly, an article
+which occasioned his wrath and indignation, and afterwards was exposed
+to many embarrassments in life, Gifford most kindly took up his cause,
+and did all he could to further the promotion of his family. That our
+poor friend should have been exposed throughout the most part of his
+life to the strong dislike of the greatest part of the community is not
+unnatural. As the _redacteur_ of the _Anti-Jacobin_, etc., he, in the
+latter part of the last century, drew upon himself the hostile attacks
+of all the modern philosophers of the age, and of all those who hailed
+with applause the dawn of liberty in the French Revolution; as editor of
+the _Quarterly Review_, he acquired in addition to the former hosts of
+enemies, the undisguised hatred of all the Whigs and Liberals, who were
+for making peace with Bonaparte, and for destroying the settled order of
+things in this country. In the present generation, when the feeling of
+national hatred against France has entirely subsided, and party feelings
+have so much gone by that no man can say to which party any public man
+belongs, it is impossible for anyone to comprehend the state of public
+feeling which prevailed during the great war of the Revolution, and for
+some years after its termination. Gifford was deeply imbued with all the
+sentiments on public matters which prevailed in his time, and, as some
+people have a hatred of a cat, and others of a toad, so our friend felt
+uneasy when a Frenchman was named; and buckled on his armour of
+criticism whenever a Liberal or even a Whig was brought under his
+notice; and although in the present day there appears to be a greater
+indulgence to crime amongst judges and juries, and perhaps a more
+lenient system of criticism is adopted by reviewers, I am not sure that
+any public advantage is gained by having Ticket of Leave men, who ought
+to be in New South Wales, let loose upon the English world by the
+unchecked appearance of a vast deal of spurious literature, which ought
+to have withered under the severe blasts of Criticism.
+
+Believe yours very truly,
+
+R.W. HAY.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE "REPRESENTATIVE"
+
+
+Mr. Murray had for long been desirous of publishing a journal which
+should appear more frequently than once a quarter, more especially after
+the discontinuance of his interest in Blackwood's magazine. In 1825 he
+conceived the more ambitious design of publishing a daily morning paper,
+a project now chiefly interesting from the fact that in this venture he
+had the assistance of the future Lord Beaconsfield. The intimacy which
+existed between the Murrays and D'Israelis had afforded Mr. Murray
+exceptional opportunities of forming an opinion of Benjamin's character,
+and he saw with delight the rapidly developing capacities of his old
+friend's son. Even in his eighteenth year Benjamin was consulted by Mr.
+Murray as to the merits of a MS., and two years later he wrote a novel
+entitled "Aylmer Papillon," which did not see the light. He also edited
+a "History of Paul Jones, Admiral in the Russian Navy," written by
+Theophilus Smart, an American, and originally published in the United
+States.
+
+Young Disraeli was already gifted with a power of influencing others,
+unusual in a man of his age. He was eloquent, persuasive, and ingenious,
+and even then, as in future years, when he became a leading figure in
+the political world, he had the power of drawing others over to the
+views which he entertained, however different they might be from their
+own. Looking merely to his literary career as a successful novel writer,
+his correspondence with Mr. Murray about his proposed work of "Aylmer
+Papillon" is not without interest.
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_May_, 1824.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Your very kind letter induces me to trouble you with this most trivial
+of trifles. My plan has been in these few pages so to mix up any
+observations which I had to make on the present state of society with
+the bustle and hurry of a story, that my satire should never be
+protruded on my reader. If you will look at the last chapter but one,
+entitled "Lady Modeley's," you will see what I mean better than I can
+express it. The first pages of that chapter I have written in the same
+manner as I would a common novel, but I have endeavoured to put in
+_action_ at the _end_, the present fashion of getting on in the world. I
+write no humbug about "candidly giving your opinion, etc., etc." You
+must be aware that you cannot do me a greater favour than refusing to
+publish it, if you think _it won't do_; and who should be a better judge
+than yourself?
+
+Believe me ever to be, my dear Sir,
+
+Your most faithful and obliged,
+
+B. DISRAELI. [Footnote: It will be observed that while the father
+maintained the older spelling of the name, the son invariably writes it
+thus.]
+
+P.S.--The second and the last chapters are unfortunately mislaid, but
+they have no particular connection with the story. They are both very
+short, the first contains an adventure on the road, and the last Mr.
+Papillon's banishment under the Alien Act from a ministerial
+misconception of a metaphysical sonnet.
+
+Thursday morn.: Excuse want of seal, as we're doing a bit of summer
+to-day, and there is not a fire in the house.
+
+
+FREDERICK PLACE, _May_ 25, 1824.
+
+1/2 past 1 o'clock A.M.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+The travels, to which I alluded this morning, would not bind up with
+"Parry," since a moderate duodecimo would contain the adventures of a
+certain Mr. Aylmer Papillon in a _terra incognita_. I certainly should
+never have mentioned them had I been aware that you were so very much
+engaged, and I only allude to them once more that no confusion may arise
+from the half-explanations given this morning. You will oblige me by not
+mentioning this to anybody.
+
+Believe me to be, my dear Sir,
+
+Your very faithful and obliged Servant,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+
+FREDERICK PLACE, _June_ 1824.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Until I received your note this morning I had flattered myself that my
+indiscretion had been forgotten. It is to me a matter of great regret
+that, as appears by your letter, any more trouble should be given
+respecting this unfortunate MS., which will, most probably, be
+considered too crude a production for the public, and which, if it is
+even imagined to possess any interest, is certainly too late for this
+season, and will be obsolete in the next. I think, therefore, that the
+sooner it be put behind the fire the better, and as you have some small
+experience in burning MSS., [Footnote: Byron's Memoirs had been burnt at
+Albemarle Street during the preceding month.] you will be perhaps so
+kind as to consign it to the flames. Once more apologising for all the
+trouble I have given you, I remain ever, my dear Sir,
+
+Yours very faithfully,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Murray had a special regard for the remarkable young man, and by degrees
+had thoroughly taken him into his confidence; had related to him his
+experiences of men and affairs, and ere long began to consult him about
+a variety of schemes and projects. These long confidential
+communications led eventually to the suggestion of a much more ambitious
+and hazardous scheme, the establishment of a daily paper in the
+Conservative interest. Daring as this must appear, Murray was encouraged
+in it by the recollection of the success which had attended the
+foundation of the _Quarterly_, and believed, rashly, that his personal
+energy and resources, aided by the abilities displayed by his young
+counsellor, would lead to equal success. He evidently had too
+superficially weighed the enormous difficulties of this far greater
+undertaking, and the vast difference between the conduct of a _Quarterly
+Review_ and a daily newspaper.
+
+Intent upon gaining a position in the world, Benjamin Disraeli saw a
+prospect of advancing his own interests-by obtaining the influential
+position of director of a Conservative daily paper, which he fully
+imagined was destined to equal the _Times_, and he succeeded in imbuing
+Murray with the like fallacious hopes.
+
+The emancipation of the Colonies of Spain in South America in 1824-25
+gave rise to much speculation in the money market in the expectation of
+developing the resources of that country, especially its mines. Shares,
+stocks, and loans were issued to an unlimited extent.
+
+Mr. Benjamin Disraeli seems to have thrown himself into the vortex, for
+he became connected with at least one financial firm in the City, that
+of Messrs. Powles, and employed his abilities in writing several
+pamphlets on the subject. This led to his inducing Messrs. Powles to
+embark with him in the scheme of a daily paper. At length an arrangement
+was entered into, by which John Murray, J.D. Powles, and Benjamin
+Disraeli were to become the joint proprietors of the proposed new
+journal. The arrangement was as follows:
+
+MEMORANDUM.
+
+LONDON, _August_ 3, 1825.
+
+The undersigned parties agree to establish a Morning Paper, the property
+in which is to be in the following proportions, viz.:
+
+Mr. Murray.... One-half. Mr. Powles.... One-quarter. Mr. Disraeli....
+One-quarter.
+
+Each party contributing to the expense, capital, and risk, in those
+proportions.
+
+The paper to be published by, and be under the management of Mr. Murray.
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+J.D. POWLES.
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Such was the memorandum of agreement entered into with a view to the
+publication of the new morning paper, eventually called the
+_Representative_. As the first number was to appear in January 1826,
+there was little time to be lost in making the necessary arrangements
+for its publication. In the first place, an able editor had to be found;
+and, perhaps of almost equal importance, an able subeditor. Trustworthy
+reporters had to be engaged; foreign and home correspondents had also to
+be selected with care; a printing office had to be taken; all the
+necessary plant and apparatus had to be provided, and a staff of men
+brought together preliminary to the opening day.
+
+The most important point in connection with the proposed journal was to
+find the editor. Mr. Murray had been so ably assisted by Sir Walter
+Scott in the projection of the _Quarterly Review_, that he resolved to
+consult him on the subject; and this mission was undertaken by Benjamin
+Disraeli, part proprietor of the intended daily journal, though he was
+then only twenty years old. It was hoped that Mr. Lockhart, Sir Walter
+Scott's son-in-law, might be induced to undertake the editorship. The
+following are Mr. Disraeli's letters to Mr. Murray, giving an account of
+the progress of his negotiations. It will be observed that he surrounds
+the subject with a degree of mystery, through the names which he gives
+to the gentlemen whom he interviewed. Thus the Chevalier is Sir Walter
+Scott; M. is Mr. Lockhart; X. is Mr. Canning; O. is the political Puck
+(could this be himself?); and Chronometer is Mr. Barrow.
+
+On reaching Edinburgh, Mr. Disraeli wrote to Mr. Murray the following
+account of his first journey across the Border:
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+ROYAL HOTEL, EDINBURGH. _September_ 21, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived in Edinburgh yesterday night at 11 o'clock. I slept at
+Stamford, York, and Newcastle, and by so doing felt quite fresh at the
+end of my journey. I never preconceived a place better than Edinburgh.
+It is exactly what I fancied it, and certainly is the most beautiful
+town in the world. You can scarcely call it a city; at least, it has
+little of the roar of millions, and at this time is of course very
+empty. I could not enter Scotland by the route you pointed out, and
+therefore was unable to ascertain the fact of the Chevalier being at his
+Castellum. I should in that case have gone by Carlisle. I called on the
+gentleman to whom Wright [Footnote: A solicitor in London, and friend of
+both parties, who had been consulted in the negotiations.] gave me a
+letter this morning. He is at his country house; he will get a letter
+from me this morning. You see, therefore, that I have lost little time.
+
+I called at Oliver & Boyd's this morning, thinking that you might have
+written. You had not, however. When you write to me, enclose to them, as
+they will forward, wherever I may be, and my stay at an hotel is always
+uncertain. Mr. Boyd was most particularly civil. Their establishment is
+one of the completest I have ever seen. They are booksellers,
+bookbinders, and printers, all under the same roof; everything but
+making paper. I intend to examine the whole minutely before I leave, as
+it may be useful. I never thought of binding. Suppose you were to sew,
+etc., your own publications?
+
+I arrived at York in the midst of the Grand [Musical] Festival. It was
+late at night when I arrived, but the streets were crowded, and
+continued so for hours. I never witnessed a city in such an extreme
+bustle, and so delightfully gay. It was a perfect carnival. I postponed
+my journey from five in the morning to eleven, and by so doing got an
+hour for the Minster, where I witnessed a scene which must have far
+surpassed, by all accounts, the celebrated commemoration in Westminster
+Abbey. York Minster baffles all conception. Westminster Abbey is a toy
+to it. I think it is impossible to conceive of what Gothic architecture
+is susceptible until you see York. I speak with cathedrals of the
+Netherlands and the Rhine fresh in my memory. I witnessed in York
+another splendid sight--the pouring in of all the nobility and gentry of
+the neighbourhood and the neighbouring counties. The four-in-hands of
+the Yorkshire squires, the splendid rivalry in liveries and outriders,
+and the immense quantity of gorgeous equipages--numbers with four
+horses--formed a scene which you can only witness in the mighty and
+aristocratic county of York. It beat a Drawing Room hollow, as much as
+an oratorio in York Minster does a concert in the Opera House. This
+delightful stay at York quite refreshed me, and I am not the least
+fatigued by my journey.
+
+As I have only been in Edinburgh a few hours, of course I have little to
+say. I shall write immediately that anything occurs. Kindest
+remembrances to Mrs. Murray and all.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+I find Froissart a most entertaining companion, just the fellow for a
+traveller's evening; and just the work too, for it needs neither books
+of reference nor accumulations of MS.
+
+
+ROYAL HOTEL, EDINBURGH, _Sunday_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I sent a despatch by Saturday night's post, directed to Mr. Barrow. You
+have doubtless received it safe. As I consider you are anxious to hear
+minutely of the state of my operations, I again send you a few lines. I
+received this morning a very polite letter from L[ockhart]. He had just
+received that morning (Saturday) Wright's letter. I enclose you a copy
+of L.'s letter, as it will be interesting to you to see or judge what
+effect was produced on his mind by its perusal. I have written to-day to
+say that I will call at Chiefswood [Footnote: Chiefswood, where Lockhart
+then lived, is about two miles distant from Abbotsford. Sir Walter Scott
+describes it as "a nice little cottage, in a glen belonging to this
+property, with a rivulet in front, and a grove of trees on the east side
+to keep away the cold wind."] on Tuesday. I intend to go to Melrose
+tomorrow, but as I will not take the chance of meeting him the least
+tired, I shall sleep at Melrose and call on the following morning. I
+shall, of course, accept his offer of staying there. I shall call again
+at B[oyd]'s before my departure to-morrow, to see if there is any
+despatch from you.... I shall continue to give you advice of all my
+movements. You will agree with me that I have at least not lost any
+time, but that all things have gone very well as yet. There is of course
+no danger in our communications of anything unfairly transpiring; but
+from the very delicate nature of names interested, it will be expedient
+to adopt some cloak.
+
+_The Chevalier_ will speak for itself.
+
+M., from Melrose, for Mr. L.
+
+X. for a certain personage on whom we called one day, who lives a slight
+distance from town, and who was then unwell.
+
+O. for the political Puck.
+
+MR. CHRONOMETER will speak for itself, at least to all those who give
+African dinners.
+
+I think this necessary, and try to remember it. I am quite delighted
+with Edinburgh, Its beauties become every moment more apparent. The view
+from the Calton Hill finds me a frequent votary. In the present state of
+affairs, I suppose it will not be expedient to leave the letter for Mrs.
+Bruce. It will seem odd; p.p.c. at the same moment I bring a letter of
+introduction. If I return to Edinburgh, I can avail myself of it. If the
+letter contains anything which would otherwise make Mrs. Murray wish it
+to be left, let me know. I revel in the various beauties of a Scotch
+breakfast. Cold grouse and marmalade find me, however, constant.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+
+The letter of Mr. Lockhart, to which Mr. Disraeli refers, ran as
+follows:
+
+_Mr. J.G. Lockhart to Mr. B. Disraeli_.
+
+"The business to which the letter [of Mr. Wright] refers entitles it to
+much consideration. As yet I have had no leisure nor means to form even
+an approximation towards any opinion as to the proposal Mr. W. mentions,
+far less to commit my friend. In a word, I am perfectly in the dark as
+to everything else, except that I am sure it will give Mrs. Lockhart and
+myself very great pleasure to see Mr. Disraeli under this roof.... If
+you had no other object in view, I flatter myself that this
+neighbourhood has, in Melrose and Abbotsford, some attractions not
+unworthy of your notice."
+
+Mr. Disraeli paid his promised visit to Chiefswood. It appeared that Mr.
+Lockhart expected to receive Mr. Isaac D'Israeli, the well-known author
+of "The Curiosities of Literature"; instead of which, the person who
+appeared before him was Mr. D'Israeli's then unknown son Benjamin.
+
+
+_Mr. B, Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 25, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived at Chiefswood yesterday. M. [Lockhart] had conceived that it
+was my father who was coming. He was led to believe this through
+Wright's letter. In addition, therefore, to his natural reserve, there
+was, of course, an evident disappointment at seeing me. Everything
+looked as black as possible. I shall not detain you now by informing you
+of fresh particulars. I leave them for when we meet. Suffice it to say
+that in a few hours we completely understood each other, and were upon
+the most intimate terms. M. enters into our views with a facility and
+readiness which were capital. He thinks that nothing can be more
+magnificent or excellent; but two points immediately occurred: First,
+the difficulty of his leaving Edinburgh without any ostensible purpose;
+and, secondly, the losing caste in society by so doing. He is fully
+aware that he may end by making his situation as important as any in the
+empire, but the primary difficulty is insurmountable.
+
+As regards his interest, I mentioned that he should be guaranteed, for
+three years, £1,000 per annum, and should take an eighth of every paper
+which was established, without risk, his income ceasing on his so doing.
+These are much better terms than we had imagined we could have made. The
+agreement is thought extremely handsome, both by him and the Chevalier;
+but the income is not imagined to be too large. However, I dropped that
+point, as it should be arranged with you when we all meet.
+
+The Chevalier breakfasted here to-day, and afterwards we were all three
+closeted together. The Chevalier entered into it excellently. He
+thought, however, that we could not depend upon Malcolm, Barrow, etc.,
+_keeping to it_; but this I do not fear. He, of course, has no idea of
+your influence or connections. With regard to the delicate point I
+mentioned, the Chevalier is willing to make any sacrifice in his
+personal comforts for Lockhart's advancement; but he feels that his
+son-in-law will "lose caste" by going to town without anything
+ostensible. He agrees with me that M. cannot accept an official
+situation of any kind, as it would compromise his independence, but he
+thinks _Parliament for M. indispensable_, and also very much to _our
+interest_. I dine at Abbotsford to-day, and we shall most probably again
+discuss matters.
+
+Now, these are the points which occur to me. When M. comes to town, it
+will be most important that it should be distinctly proved to him that
+he _will_ be supported by the great interests I have mentioned to him.
+He must see that, through Powles, all America and the Commercial
+Interest is at our beck; that Wilmot H., etc., not as mere
+under-secretary, but as our private friend, is most staunch; that the
+Chevalier is firm; that the West India Interest will pledge themselves
+that such men and in such situations as Barrow, etc., etc., are
+_distinctly in our power_; and finally, that he is coming to London, not
+to be an Editor of a Newspaper, but the Director-General of an immense
+organ, and at the head of a band of high-bred gentlemen and important
+interests.
+
+The Chevalier and M. have unburthened themselves to me in a manner the
+_most confidential_ that you can possibly conceive. Of M.'s capability,
+_perfect complete capability_, there is no manner of doubt. Of his sound
+principles, and of his real views in life, I could in a moment satisfy
+you. Rest assured, however, that you are dealing with a _perfect
+gentleman_. There has been no disguise to me of what has been done, and
+the Chevalier had a private conversation with me on the subject, of a
+nature _the most satisfactory_. With regard to other plans of ours, if
+we could get him up, we should find him invaluable. I have a most
+singular and secret history on this subject when we meet.
+
+Now, on the grand point--Parliament. M. cannot be a representative of a
+Government borough. It is impossible. He must be free as air. I am sure
+that if this could be arranged, all would be settled; but it is
+"_indispensable_," without you can suggest anything else. M. was two
+days in company with X. this summer, as well as X.'s and our friend, but
+nothing transpired of our views. This is a most favourable time to make
+a parliamentary arrangement. What do you think of making a confidant of
+Wilmot H[orton]? He is the kind of man who would be right pleased by
+such conduct. There is no harm of Lockhart's coming in for a Tory
+borough, because he is a Tory; but a Ministerial borough is impossible
+to be managed.
+
+If this point could be arranged, I have no doubt that I shall be able to
+organise, in the interest with which I am now engaged, a most _immense
+party_, and a _most serviceable one_. Be so kind as not to leave the
+vicinity of London, in case M. and myself come up _suddenly_; but I pray
+you, if you have any real desire to establish a mighty engine, to exert
+yourself at this present moment, and assist me to your very utmost.
+Write as soon as possible, to give me some idea of your movements, and
+direct to me here, as I shall then be sure to obtain your communication.
+The Chevalier and all here have the highest idea of Wright's _nous_, and
+think it most important that he should be at the head of the legal
+department. I write this despatch in the most extreme haste.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+On receiving the above letter and the previous communications, Mr.
+Murray sent them to Mr. Isaac D'Israeli for his perusal.
+
+_Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to Mr. Murray_.
+
+HYDE HOUSE, AMERSHAM,
+
+_September_ 29, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+How deeply I feel obliged and gratified by your confidential
+communication! I read repeatedly the third letter of our young
+plenipotentiary. I know nothing against him but his youth--a fault which
+a few seasons of experience will infallibly correct; but I have observed
+that the habits and experience he has acquired as a lawyer often greatly
+serve him in matters o£ business. His views are vast, but they are baaed
+on good sense, and he is most determinedly serious when he sets to work.
+The Chevalier and M. seem to have received him with all the open
+confidence of men struck by a stranger, yet a stranger not wholly
+strange, and known enough to them to deserve their confidence if he
+could inspire it. I flatter myself he has fully--he must, if he has
+really had confidential intercourse with the Chevalier, and so
+confidently impresses you with so high and favourable a character of M.
+On your side, my dear Murray, no ordinary exertions will avail. You,
+too, have faith and confidence to inspire in them. You observe how the
+wary Northern Genius attempted to probe whether certain friends of yours
+would stand together; no doubt they wish to ascertain that point. Pardon
+me if I add, that in satisfying their cautious and anxious inquiries as
+to your influence with these persons, it may be wise to throw a little
+shade of mystery, and not to tell everything too openly at first;
+because, when objects are clearly defined, they do not affect our
+imaginations as when they are somewhat concealed.... Vast as the project
+seems, held up as it will be by personages of wealth, interests,
+politics, etc., whenever it is once set up, I should have no fears for
+the results, which are indeed the most important that one can well
+conceive.... Had the editor of "Paul Jones" consulted me a little, I
+could probably have furnished him with the account of the miserable end
+of his hero; and I am astonished it is not found, as you tell me, in
+your American biography. [Footnote: The last paragraph in Mr.
+D'Israeli's letter refers to "The Life of Paul Jones," which has been
+already mentioned. As the novel "Aylmer Papillon," written in 1824, was
+never published, the preface to "Paul Jones" was Benjamin's first
+appearance as an author.]
+
+Meanwhile, young Disraeli still remained with Mr. Lockhart at
+Chiefswood.
+
+_Mr. B, Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_September_, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am quite sure, that upon the business I am upon now every line will be
+acceptable, and I therefore make no apology for this hurried despatch. I
+have just received a parcel from Oliver & Boyd. I transmitted a letter
+from M. to Wright, and which [Footnote: This is an ungrammatical
+construction which Lord Beaconsfield to the end of his days never
+abandoned. _Vide_ letter on p. 318 and Lothair _passim_.--T.M.] was for
+your mutual consideration, to you, _viá Chronometer_, last Friday. I
+afterwards received a note from you, dated Chichester, and fearing from
+that circumstance that some confusion would arise, I wrote a few lines
+to you at Mr. Holland's. [Footnote: The Rev. W. Holland, Mr. Murray's
+brother-in-law, was a minor canon of Chichester.] I now find that you
+will be in town on Monday, on which day I rather imagine the said
+letter from M. to Wright will arrive. I therefore trust that the
+suspected confusion will not arise.
+
+I am very much obliged to you for your letters; but I am very sorry that
+you have incurred any trouble, when it is most probable that I shall not
+use them. The Abbotsford and Chiefswood families have placed me on such
+a friendly and familiar footing, that it is utterly impossible for me to
+leave them while there exists any chance of M.'s going to England. M.
+has introduced me to most of the neighbouring gentry, and receives with
+a loud laugh any mention of my return to Edinburgh. I dined with Dr.
+Brewster the other day. He has a pretty place near Melrose. It is
+impossible for me to give to you any written idea of the beauty and
+unique character of Abbotsford. _Adio!_
+
+B.D.
+
+
+Mr. Murray continued to transmit the correspondence to Mr. Isaac
+D'Israeli, whose delight may be conceived from the following:
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 9, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+Thanks! My warmest ones are poor returns for the ardent note you have so
+affectionately conveyed to me by him on whom we now both alike rest our
+hopes and our confidence. The more I think of this whole affair, from
+its obscure beginnings, the more I am quite overcome by what he has
+already achieved; never did the finest season of blossoms promise a
+richer gathering. But he has not the sole merit, for you share it with
+him, in the grand view you take of the capability of this new
+intellectual steam engine.
+
+
+In the following letter Lockhart definitely declined the editorship of
+the _Representative_.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 7, 1825.
+
+"I am afraid, that in spite of my earnest desire to be clear and
+explicit, you have not after all fully understood the inexpressible
+feeling I entertain in regard to the _impossibility_ of my ever entering
+into the career of London in the capacity of a newspaper editor. I
+confess that you, who have adorned and raised your own profession so
+highly, may feel inclined, and justly perhaps, to smile at some of my
+scruples; but it is enough to say that every hour that has elapsed since
+the idea was first started has only served to deepen and confirm the
+feeling with which I at the first moment regarded it; and, in short,
+that if such a game _ought_ to be played, I am neither young nor poor
+enough to be the man that takes the hazard."
+
+Sir Walter Scott also expressed his views on the subject as follows:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _Sunday_,
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Lockhart seems to wish that I would express my opinion of the plan which
+you have had the kindness to submit to him, and I am myself glad of an
+opportunity to express my sincere thanks for the great confidence you
+are willing to repose in one so near to me, and whom I value so highly.
+There is nothing in life that can be more interesting to me than his
+prosperity, and should there eventually appear a serious prospect of his
+bettering his fortunes by quitting Scotland, I have too much regard for
+him to desire him to remain, notwithstanding all the happiness I must
+lose by his absence and that of my daughter. The present state, however,
+of the negotiation leaves me little or no reason to think that I will be
+subjected to this deprivation, for I cannot conceive it advisable that
+he should leave Scotland on the speculation of becoming editor of a
+newspaper. It is very true that this department of literature may and
+ought to be rendered more respectable than it is at present, but I think
+this is a reformation more to be wished than hoped for, and should think
+it rash for any young man, of whatever talent, to sacrifice, nominally
+at least, a considerable portion of his respectability in society in
+hopes of being submitted as an exception to a rule which is at present
+pretty general. This might open the door to love of money, but it would
+effectually shut it against ambition.
+
+To leave Scotland, Lockhart must make very great sacrifices, for his
+views here, though moderate, are certain, his situation in public
+estimation and in private society is as high as that of any one at our
+Bar, and his road to the public open, if he chooses to assist his income
+by literary resources. But of the extent and value of these sacrifices
+he must himself be a judge, and a more unprejudiced one, probably, than
+I am.
+
+I am very glad he meets your wishes by going up to town, as this, though
+it should bear no further consequences, cannot but serve to show a
+grateful sense of the confidence and kindness of the parties concerned,
+and yours in particular.
+
+I beg kind compliments to Mr. D'Israeli, and am, dear sir, with best
+wishes for the success of your great national plan.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+
+Although Mr. Lockhart hung back from the proposed editorship, he
+nevertheless carried out his intention of visiting Mr. Murray in London
+a few weeks after the date of the above letter. Mr. J.T. Coleridge had
+expressed his desire to resign the editorship of the _Quarterly_, in
+consequence of his rapidly increasing practice on the western circuit,
+and Mr. Lockhart was sounded as to his willingness to become his
+successor. Mr. Murray entertained the hope that he might be able to give
+a portion of his time to rendering some assistance in the management of
+the proposed newspaper. As Sir Walter Scott had been taken into their
+counsels, through the medium of Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Murray proceeded to
+correspond with him on the subject. From the draft of one of Mr.
+Murray's letters we extract the following:
+
+_John Murray to Sir Walter Scott_.
+
+_October_ 13, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR WALTER,
+
+I feel greatly obliged by the favour of your kind letter, and for the
+good opinion which you are disposed to entertain of certain plans, of
+which you will by degrees be enabled to form, I hope, a still more
+satisfactory estimate. At present, I will take the liberty of assuring
+you, that after your confidence in me, I will neither propose nor think
+of anything respecting Mr. Lockhart that has not clearly for its basis
+the honour of his family. With regard to our Great Plan--which really
+ought not to be designated a newspaper, as that department of literature
+has hitherto been conducted--Mr. Lockhart was never intended to have
+anything to do as editor: for we have already secured two most efficient
+and respectable persons to fill that department. I merely wished to
+receive his general advice and assistance. And Mr. Lockhart would only
+be known or suspected to be the author of certain papers of grave
+national importance. The more we have thought and talked over our plans,
+the more certain are we of their inevitable success, and of their
+leading us to certain power, reputation, and fortune. For myself, the
+heyday of my youth is passed, though I may be allowed certain experience
+in my profession. I have acquired a moderate fortune, and have a certain
+character, and move now in the first circles of society; and I have a
+family: these, I hope, may be some fair pledge to you that I would not
+engage in this venture with any hazard, when all that is dearest to man
+would be my loss.
+
+In order, however, to completely obviate any difficulties which have
+been urged, I have proposed to Mr. Lockhart to come to London as the
+editor of the _Quarterly_--an appointment which, I verily believe, is
+coveted by many of the highest literary characters in the country, and
+which, of itself, would entitle its possessor to enter into and mix with
+the first classes of society. For this, and without writing a line, but
+merely for performing the duties of an editor, I shall have the pleasure
+of allowing him a thousand pounds a year; and this, with contributions
+of his own, might easily become £1,500, and take no serious portion of
+his time either. Then, for his connection with the paper, he will become
+permanently interested in a share we can guarantee to him for three
+years, and which, I am confident, will be worth, at the end of that
+period, at least £3,000; and the profits from that share will not be
+less than £1,500 per annum. I have lately heard, from good authority,
+that the annual profit of the _Times_ is £40,000, and that a share in
+the _Courier_ sold last week (wretchedly conducted, it seems) at the
+rate of £100,000 for the property.
+
+But this is not all. You know well enough that the business of a
+publishing bookseller is not in his shop or even his connection, but in
+his brains; and we can put forward together a series of valuable
+literary works, and without, observe me, in any of these plans, the
+slightest risk to Mr. Lockhart. And I do most solemnly assure you that
+if I may take any credit to myself for possessing anything like sound
+judgment in my profession, the things which we shall immediately begin
+upon, as Mr. Lockhart will explain to you, are as perfectly certain of
+commanding a great sale as anything I ever had the good fortune to
+engage in.
+
+Lockhart finally accepted the editorship of the _Quarterly_, after
+negotiations which brought Mr. Disraeli on a second visit to Scotland,
+but he undertook no formal responsibility for the new daily paper.
+
+In London Disraeli was indefatigable. He visited City men, for the
+purpose of obtaining articles on commercial subjects. He employed an
+architect, Mr. G. Basevi, jun., his cousin, with a view to the planning
+of offices and printing premises. A large house was eventually taken in
+Great George Street, Westminster, and duly fitted up as a printing
+office.
+
+He then proceeded, in common with Mr. Murray, to make arrangements for
+the foreign correspondence. In the summer of 1824--before the new
+enterprise was thought of--he had travelled in the Rhine country, and
+made some pleasant acquaintances, of whom he now bethought himself when
+making arrangements for the new paper. One of them was Mr. Maas, of the
+Trierscher Hof, Coblentz, and Mr. Disraeli addressed him as follows:
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to Mr. Maas_.
+
+_October_ 25, 1825.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your hospitality, which I have twice enjoyed, convinces me that you will
+not consider this as an intrusion. My friend, Mr. Murray, of Albemarle
+Street, London, the most eminent publisher that we have, is about to
+establish a daily journal of the first importance. With his great
+influence and connections, there is no doubt that he will succeed in his
+endeavour to make it the focus of the information of the whole world.
+Among other places at which he wishes to have correspondents is the
+Rhine, and he has applied to me for my advice upon this point. It has
+struck me that Coblentz is a very good situation for intelligence. Its
+proximity to the Rhine and the Moselle, its contiguity to the beautiful
+baths of the Taunus, and the innumerable travellers who pass through it,
+and spread everywhere the fame of your admirable hotel, all conduce to
+make it a place from which much interesting intelligence might be
+procured.
+
+The most celebrated men in Europe have promised their assistance to Mr.
+Murray in his great project. I wish to know whether you can point out
+any one to him who will occasionally write him a letter from your city.
+Intelligence as to the company at Wiesbaden and Ems, and of the persons
+of eminence, particularly English, who pass through Coblentz, of the
+travellers down the Rhine, and such topics, are very interesting to us.
+You yourself would make a most admirable correspondent. The labour would
+be very light and very agreeable; and Mr. Murray would take care to
+acknowledge your kindness by various courtesies. If you object to say
+anything about politics you can omit mentioning the subject. I wish you
+would undertake it, as I am sure you would write most agreeable letters.
+Once a month would be sufficient, or rather write whenever you have
+anything that you think interesting. Will you be so kind as to write me
+in answer what you think of this proposal? The communication may be
+carried on in any language you please.
+
+Last year when I was at Coblentz you were kind enough to show me a very
+pretty collection of ancient glass. Pray is it yet to be purchased? I
+think I know an English gentleman who would be happy to possess it. I
+hope this will not be the last letter which passes between us.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Yours most truly,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Mr. Maas agreed to Mr. Disraeli's proposal, and his letter was handed to
+Mr. Murray, who gave him further instructions as to the foreign
+correspondence which he required. Mr. Murray himself wrote to
+correspondents at Hamburg, Maestricht, Genoa, Trieste, Gibraltar, and
+other places, with the same object.
+
+The time for the publication of the newspaper was rapidly approaching,
+and Mr. B. Disraeli's correspondence on the subject of the engagement of
+a staff became fast and furious.
+
+By the end of December Mr. Lockhart had arrived in London, for the
+purpose of commencing his editorship of the _Quarterly Review_. The name
+of the new morning paper had not then been yet fixed on; from the
+correspondence respecting it, we find that some spoke of it as the
+_Daily Review_, others as the _Morning News_, and so on; but that Mr.
+Benjamin Disraeli settled the matter appears from the following letter
+of Mr. Lockhart to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 21, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am delighted, and, what is more, satisfied with Disraeli's title--the
+_Representative_. If Mr. Powles does not produce some thundering
+objection, let this be fixed, in God's name.
+
+Strange to say, from this time forward nothing more is heard of Mr.
+Benjamin Disraeli in connection with the _Representative_. After his two
+Journeys to Scotland, his interviews with Sir Walter Scott and Mr.
+Lockhart, his activity in making arrangements previous to the starting
+of the daily paper, his communications with the architect as to the
+purchase and fitting up of the premises in Great George Street, and with
+the solicitors as to the proposed deed of partnership, he suddenly drops
+out of sight; and nothing more is heard of him in connection with the
+business.
+
+It would appear that when the time arrived for the proprietors of the
+new paper to provide the necessary capital under the terms of the
+memorandum of agreement dated August 3, 1825, both Mr. Disraeli and Mr.
+Powles failed to contribute their several proportions. Mr. Murray had
+indeed already spent a considerable sum, and entered into agreements for
+the purchase of printing-offices, printing-machines, types, and all the
+paraphernalia of a newspaper establishment. He had engaged reporters,
+correspondents, printers, sub-editors, though he still wanted an
+efficient editor. He was greatly disappointed at not being able to
+obtain the services of Mr. Lockhart. Mr. Disraeli was too young--being
+then only twenty-one, and entirely inexperienced in the work of
+conducting a daily paper--to be entrusted with the editorship. Indeed,
+it is doubtful whether he ever contemplated occupying that position,
+though he had engaged himself most sedulously in the preliminary
+arrangements in one department, his endeavours to obtain the assistance
+of men of commerce in the City; however, he was by no means successful.
+Nevertheless, Mr. Murray was so far committed that he felt bound to go
+on with the enterprise, and he advertised the publication of the new
+morning paper. Some of his friends congratulated him on the
+announcement, trusting that they might see on their breakfast-table a
+paper which their wives and daughters might read without a blush.
+
+The first number of the _Representative_ accordingly appeared on January
+25, 1826, price 7_d_.; the Stamp Tax was then 4_d_. In politics it was a
+supporter of Lord Liverpool's Government; but public distress, the
+currency, trade and commerce were subjects of independent comment.
+
+Notwithstanding the pains which had been taken, and the money which had
+been spent, the _Representative_ was a failure from the beginning. It
+was badly organized, badly edited, and its contents--leading articles,
+home and foreign news--were ill-balanced. Failing Lockhart, an editor,
+named Tyndale, had been appointed on short notice, though he was an
+obscure and uninfluential person. He soon disappeared in favour of
+others, who were no better. Dr. Maginn [Footnote: Dr. Maginn's papers in
+_Blackwood_ are or should be known to the reader. The Murray
+correspondence contains many characteristic letters from this jovial and
+impecunious Irishman. He is generally supposed to have been the
+prototype of Thackeray's Captain Shandon.--T.M.] had been engaged--the
+Morgan O'Doherty of _Blackwood's Magazine_--wit, scholar, and Bohemian.
+He was sent to Paris, where he evidently enjoyed himself; but the
+results, as regarded the _Representative_, were by no means
+satisfactory. He was better at borrowing money than at writing articles.
+
+Mr. S.C. Hall, one of the parliamentary reporters of the paper, says,
+in his "Retrospect of a Long Life," that:
+
+"The day preceding the issue of the first number, Mr. Murray might have
+obtained a very large sum for a shore of the copyright, of which he was
+the sole proprietor; the day after that issue, the copyright was worth
+comparatively nothing.... Editor there was literally none, from the
+beginning to the end. The first number supplied conclusive evidence of
+the utter ignorance of editorial tact on the part of the person
+entrusted with the duty.... In short, the work was badly done; if not a
+snare, it was a delusion; and the reputation of the new journal fell
+below zero in twenty-four hours." [Footnote: "Retrospect of a Long Life,
+from 1815 to 1883." By S.C. Hall, F.S.A., i. p. 126.]
+
+An inspection of the file of the _Representative_ justifies Mr. Hall's
+remarks. The first number contained an article by Lockhart, four columns
+in length, on the affairs of Europe. It was correct and scholar-like,
+but tame and colourless. Incorrectness in a leading article may be
+tolerated, but dulness amounts to a literary crime. The foreign
+correspondence consisted of a letter from Valetta, and a communication
+from Paris, more than a column in length, relating to French opera. In
+the matter of news, for which the dailies are principally purchased, the
+first number was exceedingly defective. It is hard to judge of the
+merits of a new journal from the first number, which must necessarily
+labour under many disadvantages, but the _Representative_ did not from
+the first exhibit any element of success.
+
+Mr. Murray found his new enterprise an increasing source of annoyance
+and worry. His health broke down under the strain, and when he was
+confined to his bed by illness things went worse from day to day. The
+usual publishing business was neglected; letters remained unanswered,
+manuscripts remained unread, and some correspondents became excessively
+angry at their communications being neglected.
+
+Mr. Murray's worries were increased by the commercial crisis then
+prevailing, and by the downfall of many large publishing houses. It was
+feared that Mr. Murray might be implicated in the failures. At the end
+of January, the great firm of Archibald Constable & Co., of Edinburgh
+publishers of Sir Walter Scott's novels, was declared bankrupt; shortly
+after, the failure was announced of James Ballantyne & Co., in which Sir
+Walter Scott was a partner; and with these houses, that of Hurst,
+Kobinson & Co., of London, was hopelessly involved. The market was
+flooded with the dishonoured paper of all these concerns, and mercantile
+confidence in the great publishing houses was almost at an end. We find
+Washington Irving communicating the following intelligence to A.H.
+Everett, United States Minister at Madrid (January 31, 1826):
+
+"You will perceive by the papers the failure of Constable & Co., at
+Edinburgh, and Hurst, Robinson & Co., at London. These are severe shocks
+in the trading world of literature. Pray Heaven, Murray may stand
+unmoved, and not go into the _Gazette_, instead of publishing one!"
+
+Mr. Murray held his ground. He was not only able to pay his way, but to
+assist some of the best-known London publishers through the pressure of
+their difficulties. One of these was Mr. Robert Baldwin, of Paternoster
+Row, who expressed his repeated obligations to Mr. Murray for his help
+in time of need. The events of this crisis clearly demonstrated the
+wisdom and foresight of Murray in breaking loose from the Ballantyne and
+Constable connection, in spite of the promising advantages which it had
+offered him.
+
+Murray still went on with the _Representative_, though the result was
+increasing annoyance and vexation. Mr. Milman wrote to him, "Do get a
+new editor for the lighter part of your paper, and look well to the
+_Quarterly_." The advice was taken, and Dr. Maginn was brought over from
+Paris to take charge of the lighter part of the paper at a salary of
+£700 a year, with a house. The result was, that a number of clever _jeux
+d'esprit_ were inserted by him, but these were intermingled with some
+biting articles, which gave considerable offence.
+
+At length the strain became more than he could bear, and he sought the
+first opportunity for stopping the further publication of the paper.
+This occurred at the end of the general election, and the
+_Representative_ ceased to exist on July 29, 1826, after a career of
+only six months, during which brief period it had involved Mr. Murray in
+a loss of not less than £26,000. [Footnote: The _Representative_ was
+afterwards incorporated with the _New Times_, another unfortunate
+paper.]
+
+Mr. Murray bore his loss with much equanimity, and found it an
+inexpressible relief to be rid of the _Representative_ even at such a
+sacrifice. To Washington Irving he wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Irving_.
+
+"One cause of my not writing to you during one whole year was my
+'entanglement,' as Lady G---- says, with a newspaper, which absorbed my
+money, and distracted and depressed my mind; but I have cut the knot of
+evil, which I could not untie, and am now, by the blessing of God, again
+returned to reason and the shop."
+
+One of the unfortunate results of the initiation and publication of the
+_Representative_ was that it disturbed the friendship which had so long
+existed between Mr. Murray and Mr. Isaac D'Israeli. The real cause of
+Benjamin's sudden dissociation from an enterprise of which in its
+earlier stages he had been the moving spirit, can only be matter of
+conjecture. The only mention of his name in the later correspondence
+regarding the newspaper occurs in the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+THURSDAY, _February_ 14, 1826.
+
+I think Mr. B. Disraeli ought to tell you what it is that he wishes to
+say to Mr. Croker on a business _of yours_ ere he asks of you a letter
+to the Secretary. If there really be something worth saying, I certainly
+know nobody that would say it better, but I confess I think, all things
+considered, you have no need of anybody to come between you and Mr.
+Croker. What can it be?
+
+Yours,
+
+J.G.L.
+
+But after the _Representative_, had ceased to be published, the elder
+D'Israeli thought he had a cause of quarrel with Mr. Murray, and
+proposed to publish a pamphlet on the subject. The matter was brought
+under the notice of Mr. Sharon Turner, the historian and solicitor, and
+the friend of both. Mr. Turner strongly advised Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to
+abstain from issuing any such publication.
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to Mr. D'Israeli._
+
+_October_ 6, 1826.
+
+"Fame is pleasant, if it arise from what will give credit or do good.
+But to make oneself notorious only to be the football of all the
+dinner-tables, tea-tables, and gossiping visits of the country, will be
+so great a weakness, that until I see you actually committing yourself
+to it, I shall not believe that you, at an age like my own, can wilfully
+and deliberately do anything that will bring the evil on you. Therefore
+I earnestly advise that whatever has passed be left as it is.... If you
+give it any further publicity, you will, I think, cast a shade over a
+name that at present stands quite fair before the public eye. And
+nothing can dim it to you that will not injure all who belong to you.
+Therefore, as I have said to Murray, I say to you: Let Oblivion absorb
+the whole question as soon as possible, and do not stir a step to rescue
+it from her salutary power.... If I did not gee your words before me, I
+could not have supposed that after your experience of these things and
+of the world, you could deliberately intend to write--that is, to
+publish in print--anything on the differences between you, Murray, and
+the _Representative_, and your son.... If you do, Murray will be driven
+to answer. To him the worst that can befall will be the public smile
+that he could have embarked in a speculation that has cost him many
+thousand pounds, and a criticism on what led to it.... The public know
+it, and talk as they please about it, but in a short time will say no
+more upon it. It is now dying away. Very few at present know that you
+were in any way concerned about it. To you, therefore, all that results
+will be new matter for the public discussion and censure. And, after
+reading Benjamin's agreement of the 3rd August, 1825, and your letters
+to Murray on him and the business, of the 27th September, the 29th
+September, and the 9th October, my sincere opinion is that you cannot,
+with a due regard to your own reputation, _write_ or _publish_ anything
+about it. I send you hastily my immediate thoughts, that he whom I have
+always respected may not, by publishing what will be immediately
+contradicted, diminish or destroy in others that respect which at
+present he possesses, and which I hope he will continue to enjoy."
+
+Mr. D'Israeli did not write his proposed pamphlet. What Mr. Murray
+thought of his intention may be inferred from the following extract from
+his letter to Mr. Sharon Turner:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Sharon Turner_.
+
+_October_ 16, 1826.
+
+"Mr. D'Israeli is totally wrong in supposing that my indignation against
+his son arises in the smallest degree from the sum which I have lost by
+yielding to that son's unrelenting excitement and importunity; this
+loss, whilst it was in weekly operation, may be supposed, and naturally
+enough, to have been sufficiently painful, [Footnote: See note at the
+end of the chapter.] but now that it has ceased, I solemnly declare that
+I neither care nor think about it, more than one does of the
+long-suffered agonies of an aching tooth the day after we have summoned
+resolution enough to have it extracted. On the contrary, I am disposed
+to consider this apparent misfortune as one of that chastening class
+which, if suffered wisely, may be productive of greater good, and I feel
+confidently that, as it has re-kindled my ancient ardour in business, a
+very few months will enable me to replace this temporary loss, and make
+me infinitely the gainer, if I profit by the prudential lesson which
+this whole affair is calculated to teach.... From me his son had
+received nothing but the most unbounded confidence and parental
+attachment; my fault was in having loved, not wisely, but too well."
+
+To conclude the story, as far as Mr. Disraeli was concerned, we may
+print here a letter written some time later. Mr. Powles had availed
+himself of Disraeli's literary skill to recommend his mining
+speculations to the public. In March 1825, Mr. Murray had published, on
+commission, "American Mining Companies," and the same year "Present
+State of Mexico," and "Lawyers and Legislators," all of them written by,
+or under the superintendence of, Mr. Disraeli. Mr. Powles, however,
+again proved faithless, and although the money for the printing had been
+due for some time, he paid nothing; and at length Mr. Disraeli addressed
+Mr. Murray in the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+6 BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, _March_ 19, 1827.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg to enclose you the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, which I
+believe to be the amount due to you for certain pamphlets published
+respecting the American Mining Companies, as stated in accounts sent in
+some time since. I have never been able to obtain a settlement of these
+accounts from the parties originally responsible, and it has hitherto
+been quite out of my power to exempt myself from the liability, which, I
+have ever been conscious, on their incompetency, resulted from the
+peculiar circumstances of the case to myself. In now enclosing you what
+I consider to be the amount, I beg also to state that I have fixed upon
+it from memory, having been unsuccessful in my endeavours to obtain even
+a return of the accounts from the original parties, and being unwilling
+to trouble you again for a second set of accounts, which had been so
+long and so improperly kept unsettled. In the event, therefore, of there
+being any mistake, I will be obliged by your clerk instantly informing
+me of it, and it will be as instantly rectified; and I will also thank
+you to enclose me a receipt, in order to substantiate my claims and
+enforce my demands against the parties originally responsible. I have to
+express my sense of your courtesy in this business, and
+
+I am, sir, yours truly,
+
+BENJAMIN DISRAELI.
+
+Fortunately, the misunderstanding between the two old friends did not
+last long, for towards the end of the year we find Mr. Isaac D'Israeli
+communicating with Mr. Murray respecting Wool's "Life of Joseph Warton,"
+and certain selected letters by Warton which he thought worthy of
+republication; and with respect to his son, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli,
+although he published his first work, "Vivian Grey," through Colburn,
+he returned to Albemarle Street a few years later, and published his
+"Contarini Fleming" through Mr. Murray.
+
+NOTE.--It appears from the correspondence that Mr. Murray had been led
+by the "unrelenting excitement and importunity" of his young friend to
+make some joint speculation in South American mines. The same financial
+crisis which prevented Mr. Powles from fulfilling his obligations
+probably swept away all chance of profit from this investment. The
+financial loss involved in the failure of the _Representative_ was more
+serious, but Mr. Murray's resentment against young Mr. Disraeli was not
+due to any such considerations. Justly or unjustly he felt bitterly
+aggrieved at certain personalities which, he thought, were to be
+detected in "Vivian Grey." Mr. Disraeli was also suspected of being
+concerned in an ephemeral publication called _The Star Chamber_, to
+which he undoubtedly contributed certain articles, and in which
+paragraphs appeared giving offence in Albemarle Street. The story of
+Vivian Grey (as it appeared in the first edition) is transposed from the
+literary to the political key. It is undoubtedly autobiographical, but
+the identification of Mr. Murray with the Marquis of Carabas must seem
+very far-fetched. It is, at all times, difficult to say within what
+limits the novelist is entitled to resort to portraiture in order to
+build up the fabric of his romance. Intention of offence was vehemently
+denied by the D'Israeli family, which, as the correspondence shows,
+rushed with one accord to the defence of the future Lord Beaconsfield.
+It was really a storm in a teacup, and but for the future eminence of
+one of the friends concerned would call for no remark. Mr. Disraeli's
+bitter disappointment at the failure of his great journalistic
+combination sharpened the keen edge of his wit and perhaps magnified the
+irksomeness of the restraint which his older fellow-adventurer tried to
+put on his "unrelenting excitement," and it is possible that his
+feelings found vent in the novel which he then was composing. It is
+pleasing to remark that at a later date his confidence and esteem for
+his father's old friend returned to him, and that the incident ended in
+a way honourable to all concerned.--T.M.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+MR. LOCKHART AS EDITOR OF THE "QUARTERLY"--HALLAM--WORDSWORTH--DEATH OF
+CONSTABLE
+
+
+The appointment of a new editor naturally excited much interest among
+the contributors and supporters of the _Quarterly Review_. Comments were
+made, and drew from Scott the following letter:
+
+_Sir Walter Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _November_ 17, 1825.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I was much surprised to-day to learn from Lockhart by letter that some
+scruples were in circulation among some of the respectable among the
+supporters of the _Quarterly Review_ concerning his capacity to
+undertake that highly responsible task. In most cases I might not be
+considered as a disinterested witness on behalf of so near a connection,
+but in the present instance I have some claim to call myself so. The
+plan (I need not remind you) of calling Lockhart to this distinguished
+situation, far from being favoured by me, or in any respect advanced or
+furthered by such interest as I might have urged, was not communicated
+to me until it was formed; and as it involved the removal of my daughter
+and of her husband, who has always loved and honoured me as a son, from
+their native country and from my vicinity, my private wish and that of
+all the members of my family was that such a change should not take
+place. But the advantages proposed were so considerable, that it removed
+all title on my part to state my own strong desire that he should remain
+in Scotland. Now I do assure you that if in these circumstances I had
+seen anything in Lockhart's habits, cast of mind, or mode of thinking or
+composition which made him unfit for the duty he had to undertake, I
+should have been the last man in the world to permit, without the
+strongest expostulation not with him alone but with you, his exchanging
+an easy and increasing income in his own country and amongst his own
+friends for a larger income perhaps, but a highly responsible situation
+in London. I considered this matter very attentively, and recalled to my
+recollection all I had known of Mr. Lockhart both before and since his
+connection with my family. I have no hesitation in saying that when he
+was paying his addresses in my family I fairly stated to him that
+however I might be pleased with his general talents and accomplishments,
+with his family, which is highly respectable, and his views in life,
+which I thought satisfactory, I did decidedly object to the use he and
+others had made of their wit and satirical talent in _Blackwood's
+Magazine_, which, though a work of considerable power, I thought too
+personal to be in good taste or to be quite respectable. Mr. Lockhart
+then pledged his word to me that he would withdraw from this species of
+warfare, and I have every reason to believe that he has kept his word
+with me. In particular I _know_ that he had not the least concern with
+the _Beacon_ newspaper, though strongly urged by his young friends at
+the Bar, and I also know that while he has sometimes contributed an
+essay to _Blackwood_ on general literature, or politics, which can be
+referred to if necessary, he has no connection whatever with the
+satirical part of the work or with its general management, nor was he at
+any time the Editor of the publication.
+
+It seems extremely hard (though not perhaps to be wondered at) that the
+follies of three--or four and twenty should be remembered against a man
+of thirty, who has abstained during the interval from giving the least
+cause of offence. There are few men of any rank in letters who have not
+at some time or other been guilty of some abuse of their satirical
+powers, and very few who have not seen reason to wish that they had
+restrained their vein of pleasantry. Thinking over Lockhart's offences
+with my own, and other men's whom either politics or literary
+controversy has led into such effusions, I cannot help thinking that
+five years' proscription ought to obtain a full immunity on their
+account. There were none of them which could be ascribed to any worse
+motive than a wicked wit, and many of the individuals against whom they
+were directed were worthy of more severe chastisement. The blame was in
+meddling with such men at all. Lockhart is reckoned an excellent
+scholar, and Oxford has said so. He is born a gentleman, has always kept
+the best society, and his personal character is without a shadow of
+blame. In the most unfortunate affair of his life he did all that man
+could do, and the unhappy tragedy was the result of the poor sufferer's
+after-thought to get out of a scrape. [Footnote: This refers, without
+doubt, to the unfortunate death of John Scott, the editor of the _London
+Magazine_, in a duel with Lockhart's friend Christie, the result of a
+quarrel in which Lockhart himself had been concerned.] Of his general
+talents I will not presume to speak, but they are generally allowed to
+be of the first order. This, however, I _will_ say, that I have known
+the most able men of my time, and I never met any one who had such ready
+command of his own mind, or possessed in a greater degree the power of
+making his talents available upon the shortest notice, and upon any
+subject. He is also remarkably docile and willing to receive advice or
+admonition from the old and experienced. He is a fond husband and almost
+a doating father, seeks no amusement out of his own family, and is not
+only addicted to no bad habits, but averse to spending time in society
+or the dissipations connected with it. Speaking upon my honour as a
+gentleman and my credit as a man of letters, I do not know a person so
+well qualified for the very difficult and responsible task he has
+undertaken, and I think the distinct testimony of one who must know the
+individual well ought to bear weight against all vague rumours, whether
+arising from idle squibs he may have been guilty of when he came from
+College--and I know none of these which indicate a bad heart in the
+jester--or, as is much more likely, from those which have been rashly
+and falsely ascribed to him.
+
+Had any shadow of this want of confidence been expressed in the
+beginning of the business I for one would have advised Lockhart to have
+nothing to do with a concern for which his capacity was called in
+question. But _now_ what can be done? A liberal offer, handsomely made,
+has been accepted with the same confidence with which it was offered.
+Lockhart has resigned his office in Edinburgh, given up his business,
+taken a house in London, and has let, or is on the eve of letting, his
+house here. The thing is so public, that about thirty of the most
+respectable gentlemen in Edinburgh have proposed to me that a dinner
+should be given in his honour. The ground is cut away behind him for a
+retreat, nor can such a thing be proposed as matters now stand.
+
+Upon what grounds or by whom Lockhart was first recommended to you I
+have no right or wish to inquire, having no access whatsoever to the
+negotiation, the result of which must be in every wise painful enough to
+me. But as their advice must in addition to your own judgment have had
+great weight with you, I conceive they will join with me in the
+expectation that the other respectable friends of this important work
+will not form any decision to Lockhart's prejudice till they shall see
+how the business is conducted. By a different conduct they may do harm
+to the Editor, Publisher, and the work itself, as far as the withdrawing
+of their countenance must necessarily be prejudicial to its currency.
+But if it shall prove that their suspicions prove unfounded, I am sure
+it will give pain to them to have listened to them for a moment.
+
+It has been my lot twice before now to stand forward to the best of my
+power as the assistant of two individuals against whom a party run was
+made. The one case was that of Wilson, to whom a thousand idle pranks
+were imputed of a character very different and far more eccentric than
+anything that ever attached to Lockhart. We carried him through upon the
+fair principle that in the case of good morals and perfect talents for a
+situation, where vice or crimes are not alleged, the follies of youth
+should not obstruct the fair prospects of advanced manhood. God help us
+all if some such modification of censure is not extended to us, since
+most men have sown wild oats enough! Wilson was made a professor, as you
+know, has one of the fullest classes in the University, lectures most
+eloquently, and is much beloved by his pupils. The other was the case of
+John Williams, now Rector of our new Academy here, who was opposed most
+violently upon what on examination proved to be exaggerated rumours of
+old Winchester stories. He got the situation chiefly, I think, by my
+own standing firm and keeping others together. And the gentlemen who
+opposed him most violently have repeatedly told me that I did the utmost
+service to the Academy by bringing him in, for never was a man in such a
+situation so eminently qualified for the task of education.
+
+I only mention these things to show that it is not in my son-in-law's
+affairs alone that I would endeavour to remove that sort of prejudice
+which envy and party zeal are always ready to throw in the way of rising
+talent. Those who are interested in the matter may be well assured that
+with whatever prejudice they may receive Lockhart at first, all who have
+candour enough to wait till he can afford them the means of judging will
+be of opinion that they have got a person possibly as well situated for
+the duties of such an office as any man that England could afford them.
+
+I would rather have written a letter of this kind concerning any other
+person than one connected with myself, but it is every word true, were
+there neither son nor daughter in the case; but as such I leave it at
+your discretion to show it, not generally, but to such friends and
+patrons of the _Review_ as in your opinion have a title to know the
+contents.
+
+Believe me, dear Sir, Your most obedient Servant, WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Mr. Lockhart himself addressed the two following letters to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+Chiefswood, _November_ 19, 1825.
+
+My Dear Sir, I am deeply indebted to Disraeli for the trouble he has
+taken to come hither again at a time when he has so many matters of real
+importance to attend to in London. The sort of stuff that certain grave
+gentlemen have been mincing at, was of course thoroughly foreseen by Sir
+W. Scott and by myself from the beginning of the business. Such
+prejudices I cannot hope to overcome, except by doing well what has been
+entrusted to me, and after all I should like to know what man could have
+been put at the head of the _Quarterly Review_ at my time of life
+without having the Doctors uttering doctorisms on the occasion. If you
+but knew it, you yourself personally could in one moment overcome and
+silence for ever the whole of these people. As for me, nobody has more
+sincere respect for them in their own different walks of excellence than
+myself; and if there be one thing that I may promise for myself, it is,
+that age, experience, and eminence, shall never find fair reason to
+accuse me of treating them with presumption. I am much more afraid of
+falling into the opposite error. I have written at some length on these
+matters to Mr. Croker, Mr. Ellis, and Mr. Rose--and to no one else; nor
+will I again put pen to paper, unless someone, having a right to put a
+distinct question to me, does put it.
+
+
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_Sunday_, CHIEFSWOOD, _November_ 27, 1825.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+I have read the letter I received yesterday evening with the greatest
+interest, and closed it with the sincerest pleasure. I think we now
+begin to understand each other, and if we do that I am sure _I_ have no
+sort of apprehension as to the result of the whole business. But in
+writing one must come to the point, therefore I proceed at once to your
+topics in their order, and rely on it I shall speak as openly on every
+one of them as I would _to my brother_.
+
+Mr. Croker's behaviour has indeed distressed me, for I had always
+considered him as one of those bad enemies who make excellent friends. I
+had not the least idea that he had ever ceased to regard you personally
+with friendship, even affection, until B.D. told me about his
+trafficking with Knight; for as to the little hints you gave me when in
+town, I set all that down to his aversion for the notion of your setting
+up a paper, and thereby dethroning him from his invisible predominance
+over the Tory daily press, and of course attached little importance to
+it. I am now satisfied, more particularly after hearing how he behaved
+himself in the interview with you, that there is some deeper feeling in
+his mind. The correspondence that has been passing between him and me
+may have been somewhat imprudently managed on my part. I may have
+_committed_ myself to a certain extent in it in more ways than one. It
+is needless to regret what cannot be undone; at all events, I perceive
+that it is now over with us for the present. I do not, however, believe
+but that he will continue to do what he has been used to do for the
+_Review_; indeed, unless he makes the newspaper business his excuse, he
+stands completely pledged to me to adhere to that.
+
+But with reverence be it spoken, even this does not seem to me a matter
+of very great moment. On the contrary, I believe that his papers in the
+_Review_ have (with a few exceptions) done the work a great deal more
+harm than good. I cannot express what I feel; but there was always the
+bitterness of Gifford without his dignity, and the bigotry of Southey
+without his _bonne-foi._ His scourging of such poor deer as Lady Morgan
+was unworthy of a work of that rank. If we can get the same
+_information_ elsewhere, no fear that we need equally regret the
+secretary's quill. As it is, we must be contented to watch the course of
+things and recollect the Roman's maxim, "quae casus obtullerint ad
+sapientiam vertenda."
+
+I an vexed not a little at Mr. Barrow's imprudence in mentioning my name
+to Croker and to Rose as in connection with the paper; and for this
+reason that I was most anxious to have produced at least one number of
+the _Review_ ere that matter should have been at all suspected. As it
+is, I hope you will still find means to make Barrow, Rose, and Croker
+(at all events the two last) completely understand that you had, indeed,
+wished me to edit the paper, but that I had declined that, and that
+_then_ you had offered me the _Review_.
+
+No matter what you say as to the firm belief I have expressed that the
+paper _will_ answer, and the resolutions I have made to assist you by
+writing political articles in it. It is of the highest importance that
+in our anxiety about a new affair one should not lose sight of the old
+and established one, and I _can_ believe that if the real state of the
+case were known at the outset of my career in London, a considerable
+feeling detrimental to the _Quarterly might_ be excited. We have enough
+of adverse feelings to meet, without unnecessarily swelling their number
+and aggravating their quality.
+
+I beg you to have a serious conversation with Mr. Barrow on this head,
+and in the course of it take care to make him thoroughly understand that
+the prejudices or doubts he gave utterance to in regard to me were heard
+of by me without surprise, and excited no sort of angry feeling
+whatever. He could know nothing of me but from flying rumours, for the
+nature of which _he_ could in no shape be answerable. As for poor Rose's
+well-meant hints about my "identifying myself perhaps in the mind of
+society with the scavengers of the press," "the folly of _your_ risking
+your name on a _paper_," etc., etc., of course we shall equally
+appreciate all this. Rose is a timid dandy, and a bit of a Whig to boot.
+I shall make some explanation to him when I next have occasion to write
+to him, but that sort of thing would come surely with a better grace
+from you than from me. I have not a doubt that he will be a daily
+scribbler in your paper ere it is a week old.
+
+To all these people--Croker as well as the rest--John Murray is of much
+more importance than they ever can be to him if he will only _believe_
+what I _know_, viz. that his own name in _society_ stands miles above
+any of theirs. Croker _cannot_ form the nucleus of a literary
+association which you have any reason to dread. He is hated by the
+higher Tories quite as sincerely as by the Whigs: besides, he has not
+_now-a-days_ courage to strike an effective blow; he will not come
+forward.
+
+I come to pleasanter matters. Nothing, indeed, can be more handsome,
+more generous than Mr. Coleridge's whole behaviour. I beg of you to
+express to him the sense I have of the civility with which he has been
+pleased to remember and allude to _me_, and assure him that I am most
+grateful for the assistance he offers, and accept of it to any extent he
+chooses.
+
+In this way Mr. Lockhart succeeded to the control of what his friend
+John Wilson called "a National Work"; and he justified the selection
+which Mr. Murray had made of him as editor: not only maintaining and
+enhancing the reputation of the _Review_, by securing the friendship of
+the old contributors, but enlisting the assistance of many new ones. Sir
+Walter Scott, though "working himself to pieces" to free himself from
+debt, came to his help, and to the first number which Lockhart edited he
+contributed an interesting article on "Pepys' Memoirs."
+
+Lockhart's literary taste and discernment were of the highest order; and
+he displayed a moderation and gentleness, even in his adverse
+criticism, for which those who knew him but slightly, or by reputation
+only, scarce gave him credit. There soon sprang up between him and his
+publisher an intimacy and mutual confidence which lasted till Murray's
+death; and Lockhart continued to edit the _Quarterly_ till his own death
+in 1854. In truth there was need of mutual confidence between editor and
+publisher, for they were called upon to deal with not a few persons
+whose deep interest in the _Quarterly_ tempted them at times to assume a
+somewhat dictatorial tone in their comments on and advice for the
+management of the _Review_. When an article written by Croker, on
+Lamennais' "Paroles d'un Croyant," [Footnote: The article by J.W.
+Croker was afterwards published in No. 104 of the _Quarterly_.] was
+under consideration, Lockhart wrote to the publisher:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_November 8_, 1826.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+It is always agreeable and often useful for us to hear what you think of
+the articles in progress. Croker and I both differ from you as to the
+general affair, for this reason simply, that Lamennais is to Paris what
+Benson or Lonsdale is to London. His book has produced and is producing
+a very great effect. Even religious people there applaud him, and they
+are re-echoed here by old Jerdan, who pronounces that, be he right or
+wrong, he has produced "a noble sacred poem." It is needful to caution
+the English against the course of France by showing up the audacious
+extent of her horrors, political, moral, and religious; and you know
+what _was_ the result of our article on those vile tragedies, the
+extracts of which were more likely to offend a family circle than
+anything in the "Paroles d'un Croyant," and which even I was afraid of.
+Mr. Croker, however, will modify and curtail the paper so as to get rid
+of your specific objections. It had already been judged advisable to put
+the last and only blasphemous extract in French in place of English.
+Depend upon it, if we were to lower our scale so as to run no risk of
+offending any good people's delicate feelings, we should soon lower
+ourselves so as to rival "My Grandmother the British" in want of
+interest to the world at large, and even (though they would not say so)
+to the saints themselves.--_Verb. sap_.
+
+Like most sagacious publishers, Murray was free from prejudice, and was
+ready to publish for all parties and for men of opposite opinions. For
+instance, he published Malthus's "Essay on Population," and Sadler's
+contradiction of the theory. He published Byron's attack on Southey,
+and Southey's two letters against Lord Byron. He published Nugent's
+"Memorials of Hampden," and the _Quarterly Review's_ attack upon it.
+Southey's "Book of the Church" evoked a huge number of works on the
+Roman Catholic controversy, most of which were published by Mr. Murray.
+Mr. Charles Butler followed with his "Book on the Roman Catholic
+Church." And the Rev. Joseph Blanco White's "Practical and Internal
+Evidence against Catholicism," with occasional strictures on Mr.
+Butler's "Book on the Roman Catholic Church." Another answer to Mr.
+Butler came from Dr. George Townsend, in his "Accusations of History
+against the Church of Rome." Then followed the Divines, of whom there
+were many: the Rev. Dr. Henry Phillpotts (then of Stanhope Rectory,
+Durham, but afterwards Bishop of Exeter), in his "Letter to Charles
+Butler on the Theological Parts of his Book on the Roman Catholic
+Church"; the Rev. G.S. Faber's "Difficulties of Romanism"; and many
+others.
+
+While most authors are ready to take "cash down" for their manuscripts,
+there are others who desire to be remunerated in proportion to the sale
+of their works. This is especially the case with works of history or
+biography, which are likely to have a permanent circulation. Hence, when
+the judicious Mr. Hallam--who had sold the first three editions of
+"Europe during the Middle Ages" to Mr. Murray for £1,400--had completed
+his "Constitutional History of England," he made proposals which
+resulted in Mr. Murray's agreeing to print and publish at his own cost
+and risk the "Constitutional History of England," and pay to the author
+two-thirds of the net profits. And these were the terms on which Mr.
+Murray published all Mr. Hallam's subsequent works.
+
+Mr. Wordsworth about this time desired to republish his Poems, and made
+application with that object to Mr. Murray, who thereupon consulted
+Lockhart.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_. _July_ 9, 1826.
+
+"In regard to Wordsworth I certainly cannot doubt that it must be
+creditable to any publisher to publish the works _of_ one who is and
+must continue to be a classic Poet of England. Your adventure with
+Crabbe, however, ought to be a lesson of much caution. On the other
+hand, again, W.'s poems _must_ become more popular, else why so many
+editions in the course of the last few years. There have been _two_ of
+the 'Excursion' alone, and I know that those have not satisfied the
+public. Everything, I should humbly say, depends on the terms proposed
+by the great Laker, whose vanity, be it whispered, is nearly as
+remarkable as his genius."
+
+The following is the letter in which Mr. Wordsworth made his formal
+proposal to Mr. Murray to publish his collected poems:
+
+_Mr. Wordsworth to John Murray_.
+
+RYDAL MOUNT, NEAR AMBLESIDE
+
+_December_ 4, 1826.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have at last determined to go to the Press with my Poems as early as
+possible. Twelve months ago the were to have been put into the hands of
+Messrs. Robinson & Hurst, upon the terms of payment of a certain sum,
+independent of expense on my part; but the failure of that house
+prevented the thing going forward. Before I offer the publication to any
+one but yourself, upon the different principle agreed on between you and
+me, as you may recollect, viz.; the author to meet two-thirds of the
+expenses and risk, and to share two-thirds of the profit, I think it
+proper to renew that proposal to you. If you are not inclined to accept
+it, I shall infer so from your silence; if such an arrangement suits
+you, pray let me _immediately_ know; and all I have to request is, that
+without loss of time, when I have informed you of the intended quantity
+of letter-press, you will then let me know what my share of the expense
+will amount to.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+WM. WORDSWORTH.
+
+As Mr. Murray did not answer this letter promptly, Mr. H. Crabb Robinson
+called upon him to receive his decision, and subsequently wrote:
+
+_Mr. H.G. Robinson to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 1827.
+
+"I wrote to Mr. Wordsworth the day after I had the pleasure of seeing
+you. I am sorry to say that my letter came too late. Mr. Wordsworth
+interpreted your silence into a rejection of his offer; and his works
+will unfortunately lose the benefit of appearing under you auspices.
+They have been under the press some weeks."
+
+For about fifteen years there had been no business transactions between
+Murray and Constable. On the eve of the failure of the Constables, the
+head of the firm, Mr. Archibald Constable (October 1825), was paying a
+visit at Wimbledon, when Mr. Murray addressed his host--Mr. Wright,
+whose name has already occurred in the _Representative_
+correspondence--as follows:
+
+My Dear Wright,
+
+Although I intend to do myself the pleasure of calling upon Mr.
+Constable at your house tomorrow immediately after church (for it is our
+charity sermon at Wimbledon, and I must attend), yet I should be most
+happy, if it were agreeable to you and to him, to favour us with your
+company at dinner at, I will say, five tomorrow. Mr. Constable is
+godfather to my son, who will be at home, and I am anxious to introduce
+him to Mr. C., who may not be long in town.
+
+Mr. Constable and his friend accordingly dined with Murray, and that the
+meeting was very pleasant may be inferred from Mr. Constable's letter of
+a few days later, in which he wrote to Murray, "It made my heart glad to
+be once more happy together as we were the other evening." The rest of
+Mr. Constable's letter referred to Hume's Philosophical Writings, which
+were tendered to Murray, but which he declined to publish.
+
+Constable died two years later, John Ballantyne, Scott's partner, a few
+years earlier; and Scott entered in his diary, "It is written that
+nothing shall flourish under my shadow."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SIR WALTER'S LAST YEARS
+
+
+Owing to the intimate relations which were now established between
+Murray and Lockhart, the correspondence is full of references to Sir
+Walter Scott and to the last phases of his illustrious career.
+
+Lockhart had often occasion to be at Abbotsford to see Sir Walter Scott,
+who was then carrying on, single-handed, that terrible struggle with
+adversity, which has never been equalled in the annals of literature.
+His son-in-law went down in February 1827 to see him about further
+articles, but wrote to Murray: "I fear we must not now expect Sir W.
+S.'s assistance ere 'Napoleon' be out of hand." In the following month
+of June Lockhart wrote from Portobello: "Sir W. Scott has got 'Napoleon'
+out of his hands, and I have made arrangements for three or four
+articles; and I think we may count for a paper of his every quarter."
+Articles accordingly appeared from Sir Walter Scott on diverse subjects,
+one in No. 71, June 1827, on the "Works of John Home "; another in No.
+72, October 1827, on "Planting Waste Lands "; a third in No. 74, March
+1828, on "Plantation and Landscape Gardening "; and a fourth in No. 76,
+October 1828, on Sir H. Davy's "Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing." The
+last article was cordial and generous, like everything proceeding from
+Sir Walter's pen. Lady Davy was greatly pleased with it. "It must always
+be a proud and gratifying distinction," she said, "to have the name of
+Sir Walter Scott associated with that of my husband in the review of
+'Salmonia.' I am sure Sir Humphry will like his bairn the better for the
+public opinion given of it by one whose immortality renders praise as
+durable as it seems truly felt."
+
+With respect to "Salmonia" the following anecdote may be mentioned, as
+related to Mr. Murray by Dr. Gooch, a valued contributor to the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+"At page 6 of Salmonia," said Dr. Gooch, "it is stated that 'Nelson was
+a good fly-fisher, and continued the pursuit even with his left hand.' I
+can add that one of his reasons for regretting the loss of his right arm
+was that it deprived him of the power of pursuing this amusement
+efficiently, as is shown by the following incident, which is, I think,
+worth preserving in that part of his history which relates to his
+talents as a fly-fisher. I was at the Naval Hospital at Yarmouth on the
+morning when Nelson, after the battle of Copenhagen (having sent the
+wounded before him), arrived in the Roads and landed on the Jetty. The
+populace soon surrounded him, and the military were drawn up in the
+marketplace ready to receive him; but making his way through the crowd,
+and the dust and the clamour, he went straight to the Hospital. I went
+round the wards with him, and was much interested in observing his
+demeanour to the sailors. He stopped at every bed, and to every man he
+had something kind and cheering to say. At length he stopped opposite a
+bed in which a sailor was lying who had lost his right arm close to the
+shoulder joint, and the following short dialogue passed between them.
+_Nelson_: 'Well, Jack, what's the matter with you?' _Sailor_: 'Lost my
+right arm, your Honour.' Nelson paused, looked down at his own empty
+sleeve, then at the sailor, and then said playfully, 'Well, Jack, then
+you and I are spoiled for fishermen; but cheer up, my brave fellow.' He
+then passed quickly on to the next bed, but these few words had a
+magical effect upon the poor fellow, for I saw his eyes sparkle with
+delight as Nelson turned away and pursued his course through the wards.
+This was the only occasion on which I ever saw Lord Nelson."
+
+In the summer of 1828 Mr. Lockhart went down to Brighton, accompanied by
+Sir Walter Scott, Miss Scott, Mrs. Lockhart and her son John--the
+Littlejohn to whom Scott's charming "Tales of a Grandfather," which
+were at that time in course of publication, had been addressed. It was
+on the boy's account the party went to Brighton; he was very ill and
+gradually sinking.
+
+While at Brighton, Lockhart had an interview with the Duke of
+Wellington, and wrote to Murray on the subject.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_. _May_ 18, 1828.
+
+"I have a message from the D. of W. to say that he, on the whole, highly
+approves the paper on foreign politics, but has some criticisms to
+offer on particular points, and will send for me some day soon to hear
+them. I have of course signified my readiness to attend him any time he
+is pleased to appoint, and expect it will be next week."
+
+That the Duke maintained his interest in the _Quarterly_ is shown by a
+subsequent extract:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+AUCHENRAITH, _January_ 19, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter met me here yesterday, and he considered the Duke's epistle
+as an effort of the deepest moment to the _Quarterly_ and all concerned.
+He is sure no minister ever gave a more distinguished proof of his
+feeling than by this readiness to second the efforts of a literary
+organ. Therefore, no matter about a week sooner or later, let us do the
+thing justice."
+
+Before his departure for Brighton, Mr. Lockhart had been commissioned by
+Murray to offer Sir Walter Scott £1,250 for the copyright of his
+"History of Scotland," a transaction concerning which some informal
+communications had already passed.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR _SIR_,
+
+Sir W. Scott has already agreed to furnish Dr. Lardner's "Cyclopaedia"
+with one vol.--"History of Scotland"--for £1,000, and he is now at this
+work. This is grievous, but you must not blame me, for he has acted in
+the full knowledge of my connection with and anxiety about the Family
+Library. I answered him, expressing my great regret and reminding him of
+Peterborough. I suppose, as I never mentioned, nor well could, _money_,
+that Dr. Lardner's matter appeared more a piece of business. Perhaps you
+may think of something to be done. It is a great loss to us and gain to
+them.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+J.G.L.
+
+After the failure of Ballantyne and Constable, Cadell, who had in former
+years been a partner in Constable's house, became Scott's publisher, and
+at the close of 1827 the principal copyrights of Scott's works,
+including the novels from "Waverley" to "Quentin Durward," and most of
+the poems, were put up to auction, and purchased by Cadell and Scott
+jointly for £8,500. At this time the "Tales of a Grandfather" were
+appearing by instalments, and Murray wrote to the author, begging to be
+allowed to become the London publisher of this work. Scott replied:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray._
+
+6, Shandwick Place, Edinburgh,
+
+_November _26, 1828.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I was favoured with your note some time since, but could not answer it
+at the moment till I knew whether I was like to publish at Edinburgh or
+not. The motives for doing so are very strong, for I need not tell you
+that in literary affairs a frequent and ready communication with the
+bookseller is a very necessary thing.
+
+As we have settled, with advice of those who have given me their
+assistance in extricating my affairs, to publish in Edinburgh, I do not
+feel myself at liberty to dictate to Cadell any particular selection of
+a London publisher. If I did so, I should be certainly involved in any
+discussions or differences which might occur between my London and
+Edinburgh friends, which would be adding an additional degree of
+perplexity to my affairs. I feel and know the value of your name as a
+publisher, but if we should at any time have the pleasure of being
+connected with you in that way, it must be when it is entirely on your
+own account. The little history designed for Johnnie Lockhart was long
+since promised to Cadell.
+
+I do not, in my conscience, think that I deprive you of anything of
+consequence in not being at present connected with you in literary
+business. My reputation with the world is something like a high-pressure
+engine, which does very well while all lasts stout and tight, but is
+subject to sudden explosion, and I would rather that another than an old
+friend stood the risk of suffering by the splinters.
+
+I feel all the delicacy of the time and mode of your application, and
+you cannot doubt I would greatly prefer you personally to men of whom I
+know nothing. But they are not of my choosing, nor are they in any way
+responsible to me. I transact with the Edinburgh bookseller alone, and
+as I must neglect no becoming mode of securing myself, my terms are
+harder than I think you, in possession of so well established a trade,
+would like to enter upon, though they may suit one who gives up his time
+to them as almost his sole object of expense and attention. I hope this
+necessary arrangement will make no difference betwixt us, being, with
+regard,
+
+Your faithful, humble Servant,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+On his return to London, Lockhart proceeded to take a house, No. 24,
+Sussex Place, Regent's Park; for he had been heretofore living in the
+furnished apartments provided for him in Pall Mall. Mr. Murray wrote to
+him on the subject:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Lockhart_.
+
+_July_ 31, 1828.
+
+As you are about taking or retaking a house, I think it right to inform
+you now that the editor's dividend on the _Quarterly Review_ will be in
+future £325 on the publication of each number; and I think it very hard
+if you do not get £200 or £300 more for your own contributions.
+
+Most truly yours,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+At the beginning of the following year Lockhart went down to Abbotsford,
+where he found his father-in-law working as hard as ever.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 4, 1820.
+
+"I have found Sir Walter Scott in grand health and spirits, and have had
+much conversation with him on his hill-side about all our concerns. I
+shall keep a world of his hints and suggestions till we meet; but
+meanwhile he has agreed to write _almost immediately_ a one volume
+biography of the great Earl of Peterborough, and I think you will agree
+with me in considering the choice of this, perhaps the last of our
+romantic heroes, as in all respects happy. ... He will also write _now_
+an article on some recent works of Scottish History (Tytler's, etc.)
+giving, he promises, a complete and gay summary of all that controversy;
+and next Nov. a general review of the Scots ballads, whereof some twenty
+volumes have been published within these ten years, and many not
+published but only printed by the Bannatyne club of Edinburgh, and
+another club of the same order at Glasgow.... I am coaxing him to make a
+selection from Crabbe, with a preface, and think he will be persuaded."
+
+_January_ 8, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter Scott suggests overhauling Caulfield's portraits of
+remarkable characters (3 vols., 1816), and having roughish woodcuts
+taken from that book and from others, and the biographies newly done,
+whenever they are not in the words of the old original writers. He says
+the march of intellect will never put women with beards and men with
+horns out of fashion--Old Parr, Jenkins, Venner, Muggleton, and Mother
+Souse, are immortal, all in their several ways."
+
+By 1829 Scott and Cadell had been enabled to obtain possession of all
+the principal copyrights, with the exception of two one-fourth shares
+of "Marmion," held by Murray and Longman respectively. Sir Walter Scott
+applied to Murray through Lockhart, respecting this fourth share. The
+following was Murray's reply to Sir Walter Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Sir Walter Scott_.
+
+_June_ 8, 1829.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Mr. Lockhart has at this moment communicated to me your letter
+respecting my fourth share of the copyright of "Marmion." I have already
+been applied to by Messrs. Constable and by Messrs. Longman, to know
+what sum I would sell this share for; but so highly do I estimate the
+honour of being, even in so small a degree, the publisher of the author
+of the poem, that no pecuniary consideration whatever can induce me to
+part with it. But there is a consideration of another kind, which, until
+now, I was not aware of, which would make it painful to me if I were to
+retain it a moment longer. I mean, the knowledge of its being required
+by the author, into whose hands it was spontaneously resigned in the
+same instant that I read his request. This share has been profitable to
+me fifty-fold beyond what either publisher or author could have
+anticipated; and, therefore, my returning it on such an occasion, you
+will, I trust, do me the favour to consider in no other light than as a
+mere act of grateful acknowledgment for benefits already received by, my
+dear sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+P.S.--It will be proper for your man of business to prepare a regular
+deed to carry this into effect, which I will sign with the greatest
+self-satisfaction, as soon as I receive it.
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _June_ 12, 1829.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Nothing can be more obliging or gratifying to me than the very kind
+manner in which you have resigned to me the share you held in "Marmion,"
+which, as I am circumstanced, is a favour of real value and most
+handsomely rendered. I hope an opportunity may occur in which I may more
+effectually express my sense of the obligation than by mere words. I
+will send the document of transference when it can be made out. In the
+meantime I am, with sincere regard and thanks,
+
+Your most obedient and obliged Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+At the end of August 1829 Lockhart was again at Abbotsford; and sending
+the slips of Sir Walter's new article for the next _Quarterly_. He had
+already written for No. 77 the article on "Hajji Baba," and for No. 81
+an article on the "Ancient History of Scotland." The slips for the new
+article were to be a continuation of the last, in a review of Tytler's
+"History of Scotland." The only other articles he wrote for the
+_Quarterly_ were his review of Southey's "Life of John Bunyan," No. 86,
+in October 1830; and his review--the very last--of Pitcairn's "Criminal
+Trials of Scotland," No. 88, in February 1831.
+
+His last letter to Mr. Murray refers to the payment for one of these
+articles:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _Monday_, 1830.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I acknowledge with thanks your remittance of £100, and I will be happy
+to light on some subject which will suit the _Review_, which may be
+interesting and present some novelty. But I have to look forward to a
+very busy period betwixt this month and January, which may prevent my
+contribution being ready before that time. You may be assured that for
+many reasons I have every wish to assist the _Quarterly_, and will be
+always happy to give any support which is in my power.
+
+I have inclosed for Moore a copy of one of Byron's letters to me. I
+received another of considerable interest, but I do not think it right
+to give publicity without the permission of a person whose name is
+repeatedly mentioned. I hope the token of my good wishes will not come
+too late. These letters have been only recovered after a long search
+through my correspondence, which, as usual with literary folks, is sadly
+confused.
+
+I beg my kind compliments to Mrs. Murray and the young ladies, and am,
+yours truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Scott now began to decline rapidly, and was suffering much from his
+usual spasmodic attacks; yet he had Turner with him, making drawings for
+the new edition of his poems. Referring to his last article in the
+_Quarterly_ on Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials," he bids Lockhart to inform
+Mr. Murray that "no one knows better your liberal disposition, and he is
+aware that £50 is more than his paper is worth." Scott's illness
+increased, and Lockhart rarely left his side.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 16, 1831.
+
+"Yesterday determined Sir W. Scott's motions. He owes to Croker the
+offer of a passage to Naples in a frigate which sails in about a
+fortnight. He will therefore proceed southwards by land next week,
+halting at Rokeby, and with his son at Notts, by the way. We shall leave
+Edinburgh by next Tuesday's steamer, so as to be in town before him, and
+ready for his reception. We are all deeply obliged to Croker on this
+occasion, for Sir Walter is quite unfit for the fatigues of a long land
+journey, and the annoyances innumerable of Continental inns; and, above
+all, he will have a good surgeon at hand, in case of need. The
+arrangement has relieved us all of a great burden of annoyances and
+perplexities and fears."
+
+Another, and the last of Lockhart's letters on this subject, may be
+given:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 19, 1831.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+In consequence of my sister-in-law, Annie Scott, being taken unwell,
+with frequent fainting fits, the result no doubt of over anxieties of
+late, I have been obliged to let my wife and children depart by
+tomorrow's steamer without me, and I remain to attend to Sir Walter
+thro' his land progress, which will begin on Friday, and end, I hope
+well, on Wednesday. If this should give any inconvenience to you, God
+knows I regret it, and God knows also I couldn't do otherwise without
+exposing Sir W. and his daughter to a feeling that I had not done my
+duty to them. On the whole, public affairs seem to be so dark, that I am
+inclined to think our best course, in the _Quarterly_, may turn out to
+have been and to be, that of not again appearing until the fate of this
+Bill has been quite settled. My wife will, if you are in town, be much
+rejoiced with a visit; and if you write to me, so as to catch me at
+Rokeby Park, Greta Bridge, next Saturday, 'tis well.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.G. LOCKHART.
+
+P.S.--But I see Rokeby Park would not do. I shall be at Major Scott's,
+15th Hussars, Nottingham, on Monday night.
+
+It would be beyond our province to describe in these pages the closing
+scenes of Sir Walter Scott's life: his journey to Naples, his attempt to
+write more novels, his failure, and his return home to Abbotsford to
+die. His biography, by his son-in-law Lockhart, one of the best in the
+whole range of English literature, is familiar to all our readers; and
+perhaps never was a more faithful memorial erected, in the shape of a
+book, to the beauty, goodness, and faithfulness of a noble literary
+character.
+
+In this work we are only concerned with Sir Walter's friendship and
+dealings with Mr. Murray, and on these the foregoing correspondence,
+extending over nearly a quarter of a century, is sufficient comment.
+When a committee was formed in Sir Walter's closing years to organize
+and carry out some public act of homage and respect to the great genius,
+Mr. Murray strongly urged that the money collected, with which
+Abbotsford was eventually redeemed, should be devoted to the purchase of
+all the copyrights for the benefit of Scott and his family: it cannot
+but be matter of regret that this admirable suggestion was not adopted.
+
+During the year 1827 Mr. Murray's son, John Murray the Third, was
+residing in Edinburgh as a student at the University, and attended the
+memorable dinner at which Scott was forced to declare himself the author
+of the "Waverley Novels."
+
+His account of the scene, as given in a letter to his father, forms a
+fitting conclusion to this chapter.
+
+"I believe I mentioned to you that Mr. Allan had kindly offered to take
+me with him to a Theatrical Fund dinner, which took place on Friday
+last. There were present about 300 persons--a mixed company, many of
+them not of the most respectable order. Sir Walter Scott took the chair,
+and there was scarcely another person of any note to support him except
+the actors. The dinner, therefore, would have been little better than
+endurable, had it not been remarkable for the confession of Sir Walter
+Scott that he was the author of the 'Waverley Novels.'
+
+"This acknowledgment was forced from him, I believe, contrary to his own
+wish, in this manner. Lord Meadowbank, who sat on his left hand,
+proposed his health, and after paying him many compliments, ended his
+speech by saying that the clouds and mists which had so long surrounded
+the Great Unknown were now revealed, and he appeared in his true
+character (probably alluding to the _expose_ made before Constable's
+creditors, for I do not think there was any preconcerted plan). Upon
+this Sir Walter rose, and said, 'I did not expect on coming here today
+that I should have to disclose before 300 people a secret which,
+considering it had already been made known to about thirty persons, had
+been tolerably well kept. I am not prepared to give my reasons for
+preserving it a secret, caprice had certainly a great share in the
+matter. Now that it is out, I beg leave to observe that I am sole and
+undivided author of those novels. Every part of them has originated with
+me, or has been suggested to me in the course of my reading. I confess
+I am guilty, and am almost afraid to examine the extent of my
+delinquency. "Look on't again, I dare not!" The wand of Prospero is now
+broken, and my book is buried, but before I retire I shall propose the
+health of a person who has given so much delight to all now present, The
+Bailie Nicol Jarvie.'
+
+"I report this from memory. Of course it is not quite accurate in words,
+but you will find a tolerable report of it in the _Caledonian Mercury_
+of Saturday. This declaration was received with loud and long applause.
+As this was gradually subsiding, a voice from the end of the room was
+heard [Footnote: The speaker on this occasion was the actor Mackay, who
+had attained considerable celebrity by his representation of Scottish
+characters, and especially of that of the famous Bailie in "Rob Roy."]
+exclaiming in character,' Ma conscience! if my father the Bailie had
+been alive to hear that ma health had been proposed by the Author of
+Waverley,' etc., which, as you may suppose, had a most excellent
+effect."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+NAPIER'S "PENINSULAR WAR"--CHOKER'S "BOSWELL"--"THE FAMILY LIBRARY,"
+ETC.
+
+
+The public has long since made up its mind as to the merits of Colonel
+Napier's "History of the Peninsular War." It is a work which none but a
+soldier who had served through the war as he had done, and who,
+moreover, combined with practical experience a thorough knowledge of the
+science of war, could have written.
+
+At the outset of his work he applied to the Duke of Wellington for his
+papers. This rather abrupt request took the Duke by surprise. The
+documents in his possession were so momentous, and the great part of
+them so confidential in their nature, that he felt it to be impossible
+to entrust them indiscriminately to any man living. He, however,
+promised Napier to put in his hands any specified paper or document he
+might ask for, provided no confidence would be broken by its
+examination. He also offered to answer any question Napier might put to
+him, and with this object invited him to Stratfieldsaye, where the two
+Generals discussed many points connected with the campaign.
+
+_Colonel W. Napier to John Murray_.
+
+BROMHAM, WILTS,
+
+_December_ 5, 1828.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+My first volume is now nearly ready for the press, and as I think that
+in matters of business a plain straightforward course is best, I will at
+once say what I conceive to be the valuable part of my work, and leave
+you to make a proposition relative to publication of the single volume,
+reserving further discussion about the whole until the other volumes
+shall be in a more forward state.
+
+The volume in question commences with the secret treaty of
+Fontainebleau concluded in 1809, and ends with the battle of Corunna. It
+will have an appendix of original documents, many of which are extremely
+interesting, and there will also be some plans of the battles. My
+authorities have been:
+
+1. All the original papers of Sir Hew Dalrymple.
+
+2. Those of Sir John Moore.
+
+3. King Joseph's correspondence taken at the battle of Vittoria, and
+placed at my disposal by the Duke of Wellington. Among other papers are
+several notes and detailed instructions by Napoleon which throw a
+complete light upon his views and proceedings in the early part of the
+war.
+
+4. Notes of conversations held with the Duke of Wellington for the
+especial purpose of connecting my account of his operations.
+
+5. Notes of conversation with officers of high rank in the French,
+English, and Spanish services.
+
+6. Original journals, and the most unreserved communications with
+Marshal Soult.
+
+7. My own notes of affairs in which I have been present.
+
+8. Journals of regimental officers of talent, and last but not least,
+copies taken by myself from the original muster rolls of the French army
+as they were transmitted to the Emperor.
+
+Having thus distributed all my best wares in the bow window, I shall
+leave you to judge for yourself; and, as the diplomatists say, will be
+happy to treat upon a suitable basis. In the meantime,
+
+I remain, your very obedient Servant,
+
+W. NAPIER.
+
+About a fortnight later (December 25, 1827) he again wrote that he would
+have the pleasure of putting a portion of his work into Mr. Murray's
+hands in a few days; but that "it would be disagreeable to him to have
+it referred to Mr. Southey for an opinion." Murray, it should be
+mentioned, had published Southey's "History of the War in Spain." Some
+negotiations ensued, in the course of which Mr. Murray offered 500
+guineas for the volume. This proposal, however, was declined by Colonel
+Napier.
+
+Murray after fuller consideration offered a thousand guineas, which
+Colonel Napier accepted, and the volume was accordingly published in the
+course of 1828. Notwithstanding the beauty of its style and the grandeur
+of its descriptions, the book gave great offence by the severity of its
+criticism, and called forth a multitude of replies and animadversions.
+More than a dozen of these appeared in the shape of pamphlets bearing
+their authors' names, added to which the _Quarterly Review_, departing
+from the general rule, gave no less than four criticisms in succession.
+This innovation greatly disgusted the publisher, who regarded them as so
+much lead weighing down his _Review_, although they proceeded from the
+pen of the Duke's right-hand man, the Rt. Hon. Sir George Murray. They
+were unreadable and produced no effect. It is needless to add the Duke
+had nothing to do with them.
+
+Mr. Murray published no further volumes of the "History of the
+Peninsular War," but at his suggestion Colonel Napier brought out the
+second and succeeding volumes on his own account. In illustration of the
+loss which occurred to Mr. Murray in publishing the first volume of the
+history, the following letter may be given, as addressed to the editor
+of the _Morning Chronicle_:
+
+_John Murray to the Editor of the Morning Chronicle_.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _February_ 13, 1837.
+
+SIR,
+
+My attention has been called to an article in your paper of the 14th of
+January, containing the following extract from Colonel Napier's reply to
+the third article in the _Quarterly Review_, on his "History of the
+Peninsular War." [Footnote: The article appeared in No. 111 of
+_Quarterly_, April 1836.]
+
+"Sir George Murray only has thrown obstacles in my way, and if I am
+rightly informed of the following circumstances, his opposition has not
+been confined to what I have stated above. Mr. Murray, the bookseller,
+purchased my first volume, with the right of refusal for the second
+volume. When the latter was nearly ready, a friend informed me that he
+did not think Murray would purchase, because he had heard him say that
+Sir George Murray had declared it was not 'The Book.' He did not point
+out any particular error, but it was not 'The Book,' meaning, doubtless,
+that his own production, when it appeared, would be 'The Book.' My
+friend's prognostic was not false. I was offered just half of the sum
+given for the first volume. I declined it, and published on my own
+account, and certainly I have had no reason to regret that Mr.
+Bookseller Murray waited for 'The Book,' indeed, he has since told me
+very frankly that he had mistaken his own interest."
+
+In answer to the first part of this statement, I beg leave to say, that
+I had not, at the time to which Colonel Napier refers, the honour of any
+acquaintance with Sir George Murray, nor have I held any conversation or
+correspondence with him on the subject of Colonel Napier's book, or of
+any other book on the Peninsular War. In reply to the second part of the
+statement, regarding the offer for Colonel Napier's second volume of
+half the sum (viz. 500 guineas) that I gave for the first volume
+(namely, 1,000 guineas), I have only to beg the favour of your insertion
+of the following letter, written by me to Colonel Napier, upon the
+occasion referred to.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _May_ 13, 1829.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Upon making up the account of the sale of the first volume of "The
+History of the War in the Peninsula" I find that I am at this time minus
+£545 12s. At this loss I do by no means in the present instance repine,
+for I have derived much gratification from being the publisher of a work
+which is so intrinsically valuable, and which has been so generally
+admired, and it is some satisfaction to me to find by this result that
+my own proposal to you was perfectly just. I will not, however, venture
+to offer you a less sum for the second volume, but recommend that you
+should, in justice to yourself, apply to some other publishers; if you
+should obtain from them the sum which you are right in expecting, it
+will afford me great pleasure, and, if you do not, you will find me
+perfectly ready to negotiate; and in any case I shall continue to be,
+with the highest esteem, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+I am confident you will do me the justice to insert this letter, and
+have no doubt its contents will convince Colonel Napier that his
+recollection of the circumstances has been incomplete.
+
+I have the honour to be, sir,
+
+Your obedient humble Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+It may not be generally known that we owe to Colonel Napier's work the
+publication of the Duke of Wellington's immortal "Despatches." The Duke,
+upon principle, refused to read Napier's work; not wishing, as he said,
+to quarrel with its author. But he was made sufficiently acquainted with
+the contents from friends who had perused it, and who, having made the
+campaigns with him, could point to praise and blame equally undeserved,
+to designs misunderstood and misrepresented, as well as to supercilious
+criticism and patronizing approval, which could not but be painful to
+the great commander. His nature was too noble to resent this; but he
+resolved, in self-defence, to give the public the means of ascertaining
+the truth, by publishing all his most important and secret despatches,
+in order, he said, to give the world a correct account not only of what
+he did, but of what he intended to do.
+
+Colonel Gurwood was appointed editor of the "Despatches" and, during
+their preparation, not a page escaped the Duke's eye, or his own careful
+revision. Mr. Murray, who was honoured by being chosen as the publisher,
+compared this wonderful collection of documents to a watch: hitherto the
+general public had only seen in the successful and orderly development
+of his campaigns, as it were the hands moving over the dial without
+fault or failure, but now the Duke opened the works, and they were
+enabled to inspect the complicated machinery--the wheels within
+wheels--which had produced this admirable result. It is enough to state
+that in these despatches the _whole_ truth relating to the Peninsular
+War is fully and elaborately set forth.
+
+At the beginning of 1829 Croker consulted Murray on the subject of an
+annotated edition of "Boswell's Johnson." Murray was greatly pleased
+with the idea of a new edition of the work by his laborious friend, and
+closing at once with Croker's proposal, wrote, "I shall be happy to
+give, as something in the way of remuneration, the sum of one thousand
+guineas." Mr. Croker accepted the offer, and proceeded immediately with
+the work.
+
+Mr. Murray communicated to Mr. Lockhart the arrangement he had made with
+Croker. His answer was:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1829.
+
+"I am heartily rejoiced that this 'Johnson,' of which we had so often
+talked, is in such hands at whatever cost. Pray ask Croker whether
+Boswell's account of the Hebridean Tour ought not to be melted into the
+book. Sir Walter has many MS. annotations in his 'Boswell,' both 'Life'
+and 'Tour,' and will, I am sure, give them with hearty good will.... He
+will write down all that he has heard about Johnson when in Scotland;
+and, in particular, about the amusing intercourse between him and Lord
+Auchinleck--Boswell's father--if Croker considers it worth his while."
+
+Sir Walter Scott's offer of information, [Footnote: Sir Walter's letter
+to Croker on the subject will be found in the "Croker Correspondence,"
+ii. 28.] to a certain extent, delayed Croker's progress with the work.
+He wrote to Mr. Murray (November 17, 1829): "The reference to Sir
+Walter Scott delays us a little as to the revises, but his name is well
+worth the delay. My share of the next volume (the 2nd) is quite done;
+and I could complete the other two in a fortnight."
+
+While the work was passing through the press Lockhart again wrote:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+"I am reading the new 'Boswell' with great pleasure, though, I think,
+the editor is often wrong. A prodigious flood of light is thrown on the
+book assuredly; and the incorporation of the 'Tour' is a great
+advantage. Now, do have a really good Index. That to the former edition
+I have continually found inadequate and faulty. The book is a dictionary
+of wisdom and wit, and one should know exactly where to find the _dictum
+magistri_. Many of Croker's own remarks and little disquisitions will
+also be hereafter among the choicest of _quotabilia_."
+
+Croker carried out the work with great industry and vigour, and it
+appeared in 1831. It contained numerous additions, notes, explanations,
+and memoranda, and, as the first attempt to explain the difficulties and
+enigmas which lapse of time had created, it may not unfairly be said to
+have been admirably edited; and though Macaulay, according to his own
+account, "smashed" it in the _Edinburgh_, [Footnote: The correspondence
+on the subject, and the criticism on the work by Macaulay, will be found
+in the "Croker Correspondence," vol. ii. pp. 24-49.] some fifty thousand
+of the "Life" have been sold.
+
+It has been the fashion with certain recent editors of "Boswell's
+Johnson" to depreciate Croker's edition; but to any one who has taken
+the pains to make himself familiar with that work, and to study the vast
+amount of information there collected, such criticism cannot but appear
+most ungenerous. Croker was acquainted with, or sought out, all the
+distinguished survivors of Dr. Johnson's own generation, and by his
+indefatigable efforts was enabled to add to the results of his own
+literary research, oral traditions and personal reminiscences, which but
+for him would have been irrevocably lost.
+
+The additions of subsequent editors are but of trifling value compared
+with the information collected by Mr. Croker, and one of his successors
+at least has not hesitated slightly to transpose or alter many of Mr.
+Croker's notes, and mark them as his own.
+
+Mrs. Shelley, widow of the poet, on receiving a present of Croker's
+"Boswell," from Mr. Murray, said:
+
+_Mrs. Shelley to John Murray_.
+
+"I have read 'Boswell's Journal' ten times: I hope to read it many more.
+It is the most amusing book in the world. Beside that, I do love the
+kind-hearted, wise, and gentle Bear, and think him as lovable and kind a
+friend as a profound philosopher."
+
+Mr. Henry Taylor submitted his play of "Isaac Comnenus"--his first
+work--to Mr. Murray, in February 1827. Lockhart was consulted, and,
+after perusing the play, he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+"There can be no sort of doubt that this play is everyway worthy of
+coming out from Albemarle Street. That the author might greatly improve
+it by shortening its dialogue often, and, once at least, leaving out a
+scene, and by dramatizing the scene at the Synod, instead of narrating
+it, I think sufficiently clear: but, probably, the author has followed
+his own course, upon deliberation, in all these matters. I am of
+opinion, certainly, that _no poem_ has been lately published of anything
+like the power or promise of this."
+
+Lockhart's suggestion was submitted to Mr. Taylor, who gratefully
+acknowledged his criticism, and amended his play.
+
+Mr. Taylor made a very unusual request. He proposed to divide the loss
+on his drama with the publisher! He wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"I have been pretty well convinced, for some time past, that my book
+will never sell, and, under these circumstances, I cannot think it
+proper that you should be the sole sufferer. Whenever, therefore, you
+are of opinion that the book has had a fair trial, I beg you to
+understand that I shall be ready to divide the loss equally with you,
+that being, I conceive, the just arrangement in the case."
+
+Though Mr. Lockhart gave an interesting review of "Isaac Comnenus" in
+the _Quarterly_, it still hung fire, and did not sell. A few years
+later, however, Henry Taylor showed what he could do, as a poet, by his
+"Philip van Artevelde," which raised his reputation to the highest
+point. Moore, after the publication of this drama, wrote in his "Diary":
+"I breakfasted in the morning at Rogers's, to meet the new poet, Mr.
+Taylor, author of 'Philip van Artevelde': our company, besides, being
+Sydney Smith and Southey. 'Van Artevelde' is a tall, handsome young
+fellow. Conversation chiefly about the profits booksellers make of us
+scribblers. I remember Peter Pindar saying, one of the few times I ever
+met him, that the booksellers drank their wine in the manner of the
+heroes in the hall of Odin, out of authors' skulls." This was a sharp
+saying; but Rogers, if he had chosen to relate his own experiences when
+he negotiated with Mr. Murray about the sale of Crabbe's works, and the
+result of that negotiation, might have proved that the rule was not of
+universal application.
+
+"The Family Library" has already been mentioned. Mr. Murray had long
+contemplated a serial publication, by means of which good literature and
+copyright works might be rendered cheaper and accessible to a wider
+circle of readers than they had hitherto been.
+
+The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge was established in
+1828, with Henry Brougham as Chairman. Mr. Murray subscribed £10 to this
+society, and agreed to publish their "Library of Entertaining
+Knowledge." Shortly afterwards, however, he withdrew from this
+undertaking, which was transferred to Mr. Knight, and reverted to his
+own proposed publication of cheap works.
+
+The first volume of "The Family Library" appeared in April 1829. Murray
+sent a copy to Charles Knight, who returned him the first volume of the
+"Library of Entertaining Knowledge."
+
+_Mr. Charles Knight to John Murray_.
+
+"We each launch our vessels on the same day, and I most earnestly hope
+that both will succeed, for good must come of that success. We have
+plenty of sea-room and need never run foul of each other. My belief is
+that, in a very few years, scarcely any other description of books will
+be published, and in that case we that are first in the field may hope
+to win the race."
+
+Mr. Murray's intention was to include in the Library works on a variety
+of subjects, including History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, Natural
+History, Science, and general literature. They were to be written by the
+best-known authors of the day--Sir Walter Scott, Southey, Milman,
+Lockhart, Washington Irving, Barrow, Allan Cunningham, Dr. Brewster,
+Captain Head, G.R. Gleig, Palgrave, and others. The collection was
+headed by an admirable "Life of Napoleon," by J.G. Lockhart, partly
+condensed from Scott's "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte," and illustrated by
+George Cruikshank. When Lockhart was first invited to undertake this
+biography he consulted Sir Walter Scott as to the propriety of his doing
+so. Sir Walter replied:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to Mr. Lockhart_.
+
+_October_ 30, 1828.
+
+"Your scruples about doing an epitome of the 'Life of Boney' for the
+Family Library that is to be, are a great deal over delicate. My book in
+nine thick volumes can never fill the place which our friend Murray
+wants you to fill, and which if you don't some one else will right soon.
+Moreover, you took much pains in helping me when I was beginning my
+task, and I afterwards greatly regretted that Constable had no means of
+remunerating you, as no doubt he intended when you were giving him so
+much good advice in laying down his grand plans about the Miscellany. By
+all means do what the Emperor [Footnote: From the time of his removal to
+Albemarle Street, Mr. Murray was universally known among "the Trade" as
+"The Emperor of the West."] asks. He is what the Emperor Napoleon was
+not, much a gentleman, and knowing our footing in all things, would not
+have proposed anything that ought to have excited scruples on your
+side." [Footnote: Lockhart's "Life of Scott."]
+
+The book met with a warm reception from the public, and went through
+many editions.
+
+Among other works published in "The Family Library" was the Rev. H.H.
+Milman's "History of the Jews," in three vols., which occasioned much
+adverse criticism and controversy. It is difficult for us who live in
+such different times to understand or account for the tempest of
+disapprobation with which a work, which now appears so innocent, was
+greeted, or the obloquy with which its author was assailed. The "History
+of the Jews" was pronounced _unsound_; it was alleged that the miracles
+had been too summarily disposed of; Abraham was referred to as an Arab
+sheik, and Jewish history was too sacred to be submitted to the laws of
+ordinary investigation. Hence Milman was preached against, from Sunday
+to Sunday, from the University and other pulpits. Even Mr. Sharon Turner
+expostulated with Mr. Murray as to the publication of the book. He said
+he had seen it in the window of Carlile, the infidel bookseller, "as if
+he thought it suited his purpose." The following letter is interesting
+as indicating what the Jews themselves thought of the history.
+
+_Mr. Magnus to John Murray_. _March_ 17, 1834.
+
+Sir,
+
+Will you have the goodness to inform me of the Christian name of the
+Rev. Mr. Milman, and the correct manner of spelling his name; as a
+subscription is about to be opened by individuals of the Jewish nation
+for the purpose of presenting him with a piece of plate for the liberal
+manner in which he has written their history.
+
+The piece of plate was duly subscribed for and presented, with every
+demonstration of acknowledgment and thanks. Milman's "History of the
+Jews" did not prevent his preferment, as he was promoted from the
+vicarage of St. Mary's, Reading, to the rectorship of St. Margaret's,
+Westminster, and a canonry in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter; after
+which, in 1849, he was made Dean of St. Paul's.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+MOORE'S "LIFE OF BYRON"
+
+
+In 1827 or 1828 Mr. Hanson, the late Lord Byron's solicitor, wrote to
+Murray, enquiring, on behalf of the executors, whether he would be
+willing to dispose of his interest in the first five cantos of "Don
+Juan." Mr. Murray, however, had long been desirous of publishing a
+complete edition of the works of Lord Byron, "for the public," he wrote,
+"are absolutely indignant at not being able to obtain a complete edition
+of Lord Byron's works in this country; and at least 15,000 copies have
+been brought here from France." Murray proposed that those copyrights of
+Lord Byron, which were the property of his executors, should be valued
+by three respectable publishers, and that he should purchase them at
+their valuation. Mr. Hobhouse, to whom as one of the executors this
+proposal was made, was anxious that the complete edition should be
+published in England with as little delay as possible, but he stated
+that "some obstacles have arisen in consequence of the Messrs. Hunt
+having upon hand some hundred copies of their two volumes, which they
+have asked a little time to get rid of, and for which they are now
+accounting to the executors."
+
+Murray requested Mr. Hanson to apply to the executors, and inform him
+what sum they required for the works of Lord Byron, the copyrights of
+which were in their possession. This they refused to state, but after
+considerable delay, during which the Hunts were disposing of the two
+volumes, the whole of the works of Lord Byron which were not in Mr.
+Murray's possession were put up to auction, and bought by him for the
+sum of £3,885. These included the "Hours of Idleness," eleven cantos of
+"Don Juan," the "Age of Bronze," and other works--all of which had
+already been published.
+
+Notwithstanding the destruction of Lord Byron's Memoirs, described in a
+previous chapter, Murray had never abandoned the intention of bringing
+out a Biography of his old friend the poet, for which he possessed
+plenteous materials in the mass of correspondence which had passed
+between them. Although his arrangement with Thomas Moore had been
+cancelled by that event, his eye rested on him as the fittest person,
+from his long intimacy with the poet, to be entrusted with the task, for
+which, indeed, Lord Byron had himself selected him.
+
+Accordingly in 1826 author and publisher seem to have drawn together
+again, and begun the collection of materials, which was carried on in a
+leisurely way, until Leigh Hunt's scandalous attack on his old patron
+and benefactor [Footnote: "Recollections of Lord Byron and some of his
+Contemporaries," 1828. 4to.] roused Murray's ardour into immediate
+action.
+
+It was eventually resolved to publish the Life and Correspondence
+together; and many letters passed between Murray and Moore on the
+subject.
+
+From the voluminous correspondence we retain the following extract from
+a letter from Moore to Murray:
+
+"One of my great objects, as you will see in reading me, is to keep my
+style down to as much simplicity as I am capable of; for nothing could
+be imagined more discordant than the mixture of any of our
+Asiatico-Hibernian eloquence with the simple English diction of Byron's
+letters."
+
+Murray showed the early part of "Byron's Life" to Lockhart, who replied
+to him at once:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 23, 1829.
+
+"I can't wait till tomorrow to say that I think the beginning of 'Byron'
+quite perfect in every way--the style simple, and unaffected, as the
+materials are rich, and how sad. It will be Moore's greatest work--at
+least, next to the 'Melodies,' and will be a fortune to you. My wife
+says it is divine. By all means engrave the early miniature. Never was
+anything so drearily satisfactory to the imagination as the whole
+picture of the lame boy's start in life."
+
+Moore was greatly touched by this letter. He wrote from Sloperton:
+
+_Mr. Moore to John Murray_.
+
+"Lockhart's praise has given me great pleasure, and his wife's even
+still greater; but, after all, the merit is in my subject--in the man,
+not in me. He must be a sad bungler who would spoil such a story."
+
+As the work advanced, Sir Walter Scott's opinion also was asked.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_September_ 29, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter has read the first 120 pages of Moore's 'Life of Byron'; and
+he says they are charming, and not a syllable _de trop_. He is now busy
+at a grand rummage among his papers, and has already found one of Lord
+Byron's letters which shall be at Mr. Moore's service forthwith. He
+expects to find more of them. This is curious, as being the first of
+'Byron' to Scott."
+
+The first volume of "Lord Byron's Life and Letters," published on
+January 1, 1830, was read with enthusiasm, and met with a very
+favourable reception. Moore says in his Diary that "Lady Byron was
+highly pleased with the 'Life,'" but among the letters received by Mr.
+Murray, one of the most interesting was from Mrs. Shelley, to whom a
+presentation copy had been sent.
+
+_Mrs. Shelley to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1830.
+
+Except the occupation of one or two annoyances, I have done nothing but
+read, since I got "Lord Byron's Life." I have no pretensions to being a
+critic, yet I know infinitely well what pleases me. Not to mention the
+judicious arrangement and happy _tact_ displayed by Mr. Moore, which
+distinguish the book, I must say a word concerning the style, which is
+elegant and forcible. I was particularly struck by the observations on
+Lord Byron's character before his departure to Greece, and on his
+return. There is strength and richness, as well as sweetness.
+
+The great charm of the work to me, and it will have the same to you, is
+that the Lord Byron I find there is _our_ Lord Byron--the fascinating,
+faulty, philosophical being--daring the world, docile to a private
+circle, impetuous and indolent, gloomy, and yet more gay than any other.
+I live with him again in these pages--getting reconciled (as I used in
+his lifetime) to those waywardnesses which annoyed me when he was away,
+through the delightful tone of his conversation and manners.
+
+His own letters and journals mirror himself as he was, and are
+invaluable. There is something cruelly kind in this single volume. When
+will the next come? Impatient before, how tenfold more so am I now.
+Among its many other virtues, this book is accurate to a miracle. I have
+not stumbled on one mistake with regard either to time, place, or
+feeling.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your obedient and obliged Servant,
+
+MARY SHELLEY.
+
+The preparation of the second volume proceeded more rapidly than the
+first, for Lord Byron's letters to Murray and Moore during the later
+years of his life covered the whole period, and gave to the record an
+almost autobiographical character. It appeared in January 1831, and
+amongst many other readers of it Mrs. Somerville, to whom Mr. Murray
+sent a present of the book, was full of unstinted praise.
+
+_Mrs. Somerville to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 13, 1831.
+
+You have kindly afforded me a source of very great interest and pleasure
+in the perusal of the second volume of Moore's "Life of Byron." In my
+opinion, it is very superior to the first; there is less repetition of
+the letters; they are better written, abound more in criticism and
+observation, and make the reader better acquainted with Lord Byron's
+principles and character. His morality was certainly more suited to the
+meridian of Italy than England; but with all his faults there is a charm
+about him that excites the deepest interest and admiration. His letter
+to Lady Byron is more affecting and beautiful than anything I have read;
+it must ever be a subject of regret that it was not sent; it seems
+impossible that it should not have made a lasting impression, and might
+possibly have changed the destinies of both. With kind remembrances to
+Mrs. Murray and the young people,
+
+Believe me, truly yours,
+
+MARY SOMERVILLE.
+
+Mr. Croker's opinion was as follows:
+
+"As to what you say of Byron's volume, no doubt there are _longueurs_,
+but really not many. The most teasing part is the blanks, which perplex
+without concealing. I also think that Moore went on a wrong principle,
+when, publishing _any_ personality, he did not publish _all_. It is like
+a suppression of evidence. When such horrors are published of Sir S.
+Romilly, it would have been justice to his memory to show that, on the
+_slightest_ provocation, Byron would treat his dearest friend in the
+same style. When his sneers against Lady Byron and her mother are
+recorded, it would lessen their effect if it were shown that he sneered
+at all man and womankind in turn; and that the friend of his choicest
+selection, or the mistress of his maddest love, were served no better,
+when the maggot (selfishness) bit, than his wife or his mother-in-law."
+
+The appearance of the Life induced Captain Medwin to publish his
+"Conversations with Lord Byron," a work now chiefly remembered as having
+called forth from Murray, who was attacked in it, a reply which, as a
+crashing refutation of personal charges, has seldom been surpassed.
+[Footnote: Mr. Murray's answer to Medwin's fabrications is published in
+the Appendix to the 8vo edition of "Lord Byron's Poems."]
+
+Amongst the reviews of the biography was one by Lockhart in the
+_Quarterly_ (No. 87), which was very favourable; but an article, by Mr.
+Croker in No. 91, on another of Moore's works--the "Life of Lord Edward
+Fitzgerald"--was of a very different character. Murray told Moore of the
+approaching appearance of the article in the next number, and Moore
+enters in his Diary, "Saw my 'Lord Edward Fitzgerald' announced as one
+of the articles in the _Quarterly_, to be abused of course; and this too
+immediately after my dinings and junketings with both author and
+publisher."
+
+_Mr. Moore to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 25, 1831.
+
+... I see that what I took for a joke of yours is true, and that you are
+_at_ me in this number of the _Quarterly_. I have desired Power to send
+you back my copy when it comes, not liking to read it just now for
+reasons. In the meantime, here's some _good_-humoured doggerel for you:
+
+THOUGHTS ON EDITORS.
+
+_Editur et edit_.
+
+No! Editors don't care a button,
+  What false and faithless things they do;
+They'll let you come and cut their mutton,
+  And then, they'll have a cut at you.
+
+With Barnes I oft my dinner took,
+  Nay, met e'en Horace Twiss to please him:
+Yet Mister Barnes traduc'd my Book,
+  For which may his own devils seize him!
+
+With Doctor Bowring I drank tea,
+  Nor of his cakes consumed a particle;
+And yet th' ungrateful LL.D.
+  Let fly at me, next week, an article!
+
+John Wilson gave me suppers hot,
+  With bards of fame, like Hogg and Packwood;
+A dose of black-strap then I got,
+  And after a still worse of Blackwood.
+
+Alas! and must I close the list
+  With thee, my Lockhart of the _Quarterly?_
+So kind, with bumper in thy fist,--
+  With pen, so very gruff and tartarly.
+
+Now in thy parlour feasting me,
+  Now scribbling at me from your garret,--
+Till, 'twixt the two, in doubt I be,
+  Which sourest is, thy wit or claret?
+
+Should you again see the Noble Scott before he goes, remember me most
+affectionately to him. Ever yours,
+
+Thomas Moore.
+
+
+Mr. Murray now found himself at liberty to proceed with his cherished
+scheme of a complete edition of Lord Byron's works.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Moore._
+
+February 28, 1832.
+
+When I commenced this complete edition of Byron's works I was so out of
+heart by the loss upon the first edition of the "Life," and by the
+simultaneous losses from the failure of three booksellers very largely
+in my debt, that I had little if any hopes of its success, and I felt
+myself under the necessity of declining your kind offer to edit it,
+because I did not think that I should have had it in my power to offer
+you an adequate remuneration. But now that the success of this
+speculation is established, if you will do me the favour to do what you
+propose, I shall have great satisfaction in giving you 500 guineas for
+your labours.
+
+Most sincerely yours,
+
+John Murray.
+
+In 1837, the year in which the work now in contemplation was published,
+the Countess Guiccioli was in London, and received much kindness from
+Mr. Murray. After her return to Rome, she wrote to him a long letter,
+acknowledging the beautifully bound volume of the landscape and portrait
+illustrations of Lord Byron's works. She complained, however, of
+Brockedon's portrait of herself.
+
+_Countess Guiccioli to John Murray_.
+
+"It is not resembling, and to tell you the truth, my dear Mr. Murray, I
+wish it was so; not on account of the ugliness of features (which is
+also remarkable), but particularly for having this portrait an
+expression of _stupidity_, and for its being _molto antipatico_, as we
+say in our language. But perhaps it is not the fault of the painter, but
+of the original, and I am sorry for that. What is certain is that
+towards such a creature nobody may feel inclined to be indulgent; and if
+she has faults and errors to be pardoned for, she will never be so on
+account of her _antipatia_! But pray don't say that to Mr. Brockedon."
+
+A copy was likewise sent to Sir R. Peel with the following letter:
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _April_ 17, 1837.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As the invaluable instructions which you addressed to the students of
+the University of Glasgow have as completely associated your name with
+the literature of this country, as your political conduct has with its
+greatest statesmen, I trust that I shall be pardoned for having
+inscribed to you (without soliciting permission) the present edition of
+the works of one of our greatest poets, "your own school-and
+form-fellow," _Byron_.
+
+I have the honour to be, etc.,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_The Right Hon. Sir R. Peel to John Murray_.
+
+WHITEHALL, _April_ 18, 1837.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am much flattered by the compliment which you have paid to me in
+dedicating to me a beautiful edition of the works of my distinguished
+"school-and form-fellow."
+
+I was the next boy to Lord Byron at Harrow for three or four years, and
+was always on very friendly terms with him, though not living in
+particular intimacy out of school.
+
+I do not recollect ever having a single angry word with him, or that
+there ever was any the slightest jealousy or coldness between us.
+
+It is a gratification to me to have my name associated with his in the
+manner in which you have placed it in friendly connection; and I do not
+believe, if he could have foreseen, when we were boys together at
+school, this continuance of a sort of amicable relation between us after
+his death, the idea would have been otherwise than pleasing to him.
+
+Believe me,
+
+My dear Sir,
+
+Very faithfully yours,
+
+ROBERT PEEL.
+
+A few words remain to be added respecting the statue of Lord Byron,
+which had been so splendidly executed by Thorwaldsen at Rome. Mr.
+Hobhouse wrote to Murray: "Thorwaldsen offers the completed work for
+£1,000, together with a bas-relief for the pedestal, suitable for the
+subject of the monument." The sculptor's offer was accepted, and the
+statue was forwarded from Rome to London. Murray then applied to the
+Dean of Westminster, on behalf of the subscribers, requesting to know
+"upon what terms the statue now completed could be placed in some
+suitable spot in Westminster Abbey." The Dean's answer was as follows:
+
+_The Dean of Westminster to John Murray_.
+
+DEANERY, WESTMINSTER, _December_ 17, 1834.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have not had the opportunity, till this morning, of consulting with
+the Chapter on the subject of your note. When you formerly applied to me
+for leave to inter the remains of Lord Byron within this Abbey, I stated
+to you the principle on which, as Churchmen, we were compelled to
+decline the proposal. The erection of a monument in honour of his memory
+which you now desire is, in its proportion, subject to the same
+objection. I do indeed greatly wish for a figure by Thorwaldsen here;
+but no taste ought to be indulged to the prejudice of a duty.
+
+With my respectful compliments to the Committee, I beg you to believe
+me,
+
+Yours truly,
+
+JOHN IRELAND.
+
+The statue was for some time laid up in a shed on a Thames wharf. An
+attempt was made in the House of Commons to alter the decision of the
+Dean and Chapter, but it proved of no avail. "I would do my best," said
+Mr. Hobhouse, "to prevail upon Sir Robert Peel to use his influence with
+the Dean. It is a national disgrace that the statue should lie neglected
+in a carrier's ware-house, and it is so felt by men of all parties. I
+have had a formal application from Trinity College, Cambridge, for leave
+to place the monument in their great library, and it has been intimated
+to me that the French Government desire to have it for the Louvre." The
+result was that the subscribers, in order to retain the statue in
+England, forwarded it to Trinity College, Cambridge, whose noble library
+it now adorns.
+
+The only memorial to Byron in London is the contemptible leaning bronze
+statue in Apsley House Gardens, nearly opposite the statue of Achilles.
+Its pedestal is a block of Parian marble, presented by the Greek
+Government as a national tribute to the memory of Byron.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+BENJAMIN DISRAELI--THOMAS CARLYLE--AND OTHERS
+
+
+Me. Disraeli's earliest appearance as an author had been with the novel
+of "Vivian Grey," published after a brief visit to Germany while he was
+still in his eighteenth year. Two volumes were published in 1826, and a
+third volume, or continuation, in the following year. The work brought
+the author some notoriety, but, as already noticed, it contained matter
+which gave offence in Albemarle Street. After the publication of the
+first part, which was contemporaneous with the calamitous affair of the
+_Representative_, Mr. Murray saw but little of the Disraeli family, but
+at the commencement of 1830, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli once more applied to
+him for an interview. Mr. Murray, however, in whose mind the former
+episode was still fresh, was unwilling to accede to this request, and
+replied in the third person.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. B. Disraeli_.
+
+"Mr. Murray is obliged to decline at present any personal interview; but
+if Mr. Benjamin Disraeli is disposed to confide his MS. to Mr. Murray as
+a man of business, Mr. Disraeli is assured that the proposal will be
+entertained in every respect with the strictest honour and
+impartiality."
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+UNION HOTEL, COCKSPUR STREET, 1830.
+
+The object of my interview with you is _purely literary_. It has always
+been my wish, if it ever were my fate to write anything calculated to
+arrest public attention, that you should be the organ of introducing it
+to public notice. A letter I received this morning from my elected
+critic was the reason of my addressing myself to you.
+
+I am sorry that Mr. Mitchell is out of town, because he is a person in
+whom you rightly have confidence; but from some observations he made to
+me the other day it is perhaps not to be regretted that he does not
+interfere in this business. As he has overrated some juvenile
+indiscretions of mine, I fear he is too friendly a critic.
+
+I am thus explicit because I think that candour, for all reasons, is
+highly desirable. If you feel any inclination to pursue this affair, act
+as you like, and fix upon any critic you please. I have no objection to
+Mr. Lockhart, who is certainly an able one, and is, I believe,
+influenced by no undue partiality towards me.
+
+At all events, this is an affair of no great importance--and whatever
+may be your determination, it will not change the feelings which, on my
+part, influenced this application. I have the honour to be, Sir,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+P.S.--I think it proper to observe that I cannot crudely deliver my MS.
+to any one. I must have the honour of seeing you or your critic. I shall
+keep this negotiation open for a couple of days--that is, I shall wait
+for your answer till Tuesday morning, although, from particular
+circumstances, time is important to me.
+
+Mr. Disraeli was about to make a prolonged journey abroad. Before he set
+out he again wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM, BERKS, _May_ 27, 1830.
+
+SIR,
+
+I am unwilling to leave England, which I do on Saturday, without
+noticing your last communication, because I should regret very much if
+you were to misconceive the motives which actuated me in not complying
+with the suggestion therein contained. I can assure you I leave in
+perfect confidence both in your "honour" and your "impartiality," for
+the first I have never doubted, and the second it is your interest to
+exercise.
+
+The truth is, my friend and myself differed in the estimate of the MS.
+alluded to, and while I felt justified, from his opinion, in submitting
+it to your judgment, I felt it due to my own to explain verbally the
+contending views of the case, for reasons which must be obvious.
+
+As you forced me to decide, I decided as I thought most prudently. The
+work is one which, I dare say, would neither disgrace you to publish,
+nor me to write; but it is not the kind of production which should
+recommence our connection, or be introduced to the world by the
+publisher of Byron and Anastasius.
+
+I am now about to leave England for an indefinite, perhaps a long
+period. When I return, if I do return, I trust it will be in my power
+for the _third time_ to endeavour that you should be the means of
+submitting my works to the public. For this I shall be ever ready to
+make great sacrifices, and let me therefore hope that when I next offer
+my volumes to your examination, like the Sibylline books, their
+inspiration may at length be recognised.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Disraeli_.
+
+_May_ 29, 1830.
+
+Mr. Murray acknowledges the receipt of Mr. Benjamin Disraeli's polite
+letter of the 27th. Mr. Murray will be ready at all times to receive any
+MS. which Mr. B. Disraeli may think proper to confide to him. Mr. Murray
+hopes the result of Mr. Disraeli's travels will complete the restoration
+of his health, and the gratification of his expectations."
+
+Nearly two years passed before Mr. Disraeli returned to England from
+those travels in Spain, the Mediterranean and the Levant, which are so
+admirably described in his "Home Letters," [Footnote: "Home Letters,"
+written by the late Earl of Beaconsfield in 1830 and 1831. London,
+1885.] and which appear to have exercised so powerful an influence on
+his own character, and his subsequent career. Shortly after his return,
+he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM HOUSE, WYCOMBE,
+
+_February_ 10, 1832.
+
+Sir,
+
+I have at length completed a work which I wish to submit to your
+consideration. In so doing, I am influenced by the feelings I have
+already communicated to you.
+
+If you retain the wish expressed in a note which I received at Athens in
+the autumn of 1830, I shall have the honour of forwarding the MS, to
+you. Believe me, Sir, whatever may be the result,
+
+Very cordially yours,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+The MS. of the work was at once forwarded to Mr. Murray, who was,
+however, averse to publishing it without taking the advice of his
+friends. He first sent it to Mr. Lockhart, requesting him to read it and
+pronounce his opinion.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 3, 1832.
+
+"I can't say what ought to be done with this book. To me, knowing whose
+it is, it is full of interest; but the affectations and absurdities are
+such that I can't but think they would disgust others more than the life
+and brilliancy of many of the descriptions would please them. You should
+send it to Milman without saying who is the author.--J.G.L."
+
+The MS. was accordingly sent to Mr. Milman, but as he was very ill at
+the time, and could not read it himself, but transferred it to his wife,
+much delay occurred in its perusal. Meanwhile, Mr. Disraeli became very
+impatient about the publication, and again wrote:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 4, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I wish that I could simplify our arrangements by a stroke by making you
+a present of "The Psychological Romance"; but at present you must indeed
+take the will for the deed, although I hope the future will allow us to
+get on more swimmingly. That work has, in all probability, cost me more
+than I shall ever obtain by it, and indeed I may truly say that to write
+that work I have thrown to the winds all the obvious worldly prospects
+of life.
+
+I am ready to make every possible sacrifice on my part to range myself
+under your colours. I will willingly give up the immediate and positive
+receipt of a large sum of money for the copyright, and by publishing the
+work anonymously renounce that certain sale which, as a successful,
+although I confess not very worthy author, I can command. But in
+quitting my present publisher, I incur, from the terms of our last
+agreement, a _virtual penalty_, which I have no means to pay excepting
+from the proceeds of my pen. Have you, therefore, any objection to
+advance me a sum on the anticipated profits of the edition, not
+exceeding two hundred pounds?
+
+It grieves me much to appear exacting to you, but I frankly tell you the
+reason, and, as it will enable me to place myself at your disposal, I
+hope you will not consider me mercenary, when I am indeed influenced by
+the most sincere desire to meet your views.
+
+If this modification of your arrangement will suit you, as I fervently
+trust it will, I shall be delighted to accede to your wishes. In that
+case let me know without loss of time, and pray let us meet to talk over
+minor points, as to the mode of publication, etc. I shall be at home all
+the morning; my time is very much occupied, and on Thursday or Friday I
+must run down, for a day or two, to Wycombe to attend a public meeting.
+[Footnote: Mr. Disraeli was then a candidate, on the Radical side, for
+the borough of Wycombe.]
+
+Fervently trusting that this arrangement will meet your wishes,
+
+Believe me, yours,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+While the MS. was still in Mr. Milman's hands, Mr. Disraeli followed
+this up with another letter:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_
+
+35 DUKE STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
+
+MY DEAR SIR, I am very sensible that you have conducted yourself, with
+regard to my MS., in the most honourable, kind, and judicious manner;
+and I very much regret the result of your exertions, which neither of us
+deserve.
+
+I can wait no longer. The delay is most injurious to me, and in every
+respect very annoying. I am therefore under the painful necessity of
+requesting you to require from your friend the return of my work without
+a moment's delay, but I shall not deny myself the gratification of
+thanking you for your kindness and subscribing myself, with regard,
+
+Your faithful Servant,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+At length Mr. Milman's letter arrived, expressing his judgment on the
+work, which was much more satisfactory than that of Mr. Lockhart.
+
+_The Rev. H.H. Milman to John Murray_.
+
+READING, _March_ 5, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been utterly inefficient for the last week, in a state of almost
+complete blindness; but am now, I trust, nearly restored. Mrs. Milman,
+however, has read to me the whole of the MS. It is a very remarkable
+production--very wild, very extravagant, very German, very powerful,
+very poetical. It will, I think, be much read--as far as one dare
+predict anything of the capricious taste of the day--much admired, and
+much abused. It is much more in the Macaulay than in the Croker line,
+and the former is evidently in the ascendant. Some passages will startle
+the rigidly orthodox; the phrenologists will be in rapture. I tell you
+all this, that you may judge for yourself. One thing insist upon, if you
+publish it-that the title be changed. The whole beauty, of the latter
+part especially, is its truth. It is a rapid volume of travels, a
+"Childe Harold" in prose; therefore do not let it be called "a Romance"
+on any account. Let those who will, believe it to be a real history, and
+those who are not taken in, dispute whether it is truth or fiction. If
+it makes any sensation, this will add to its notoriety. "A Psychological
+Auto-Biography" would be too sesquipedalian a title; but "My Life
+Psychologically Related," or "The Psychology of my Life," or some such
+title, might be substituted.
+
+H.H. MILMAN.
+
+Before Mr. Milman's communication had been received, another pressing
+letter arrived from Mr. Disraeli.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+It is with deep regret and some mortification that I appear to press
+you. It is of the highest importance to me that the "P.R." should
+appear without loss of time. I have an impending election in the
+country, which a single and not improbable event may precipitate. It is
+a great object with me, that my work should be published before that
+election.
+
+Its rejection by you will only cause me sorrow. I have no desire that
+you should become its publisher, unless you conceive it may be the first
+of a series of works, which may support your name, and sustain your
+fortunes. There is no question of pecuniary matters between us; I leave
+all these with you, with illimitable trust.
+
+Pray, pray, my dear Sir, do not let me repent the feelings which impel
+me to seek this renewal of our connection. I entreat therefore your
+attention to this subject, and request that you will communicate your
+decision.
+
+Believe me, as I have already said, that whatever that decision may be,
+I shall not the less consider myself,
+
+Very cordially yours,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+And again, in a subsequent letter, Mr. Disraeli said:
+
+"There is no work of fiction on whose character I could not decide in
+four-and-twenty hours, and your critic ought not to be less able than
+your author. Pray, therefore, to communicate without loss of time to
+your obedient faithful servant.
+
+"B.D."
+
+On receiving Mr. Milman's approval, Mr. Murray immediately made up his
+mind to publish the work. He wrote to Mr. Disraeli:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Disraeli_.
+
+_March_ 6, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Your MS. has this moment been returned to me, accompanied by a
+commendation which enables me to say that I should be proud of being its
+publisher. But in these times I am obliged to refrain from speculation,
+and I cannot offer any sum for it that is likely to be equal to its
+probable value.
+
+I would, however, if it so please you, print at my expense an edition of
+1,200 or 1,500 copies, and give you half the profits; and after the sale
+of this edition, the copyright shall be entirely your own; so that if
+the work prove as successful as I anticipate, you will ensure all the
+advantages of it without incurring any risque. If this proposal should
+not suit you, I beg to add that I shall, for the handsome offer of your
+work in the first instance, still remain,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Some further correspondence took place as to the title of the work.
+"What do you think," said Mr. Disraeli, "of the 'Psychological Memoir'?
+I hesitate between this and 'Narrative,' but discard 'History' or
+'Biography.' On survey, I conceive the MS. will make four Byronic tomes,
+according to the pattern you were kind enough to show me." The work was
+at length published in 4 vols., foolscap 8vo, with the title of
+"Contarini Fleming: a Psychological Biography."
+
+Before the appearance of the work, Mr. Disraeli wrote to Mr. Murray as
+follows:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM HOUSE, _May_ 6, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+From the notice of "C.F." in the _Literary Gazette_, which I received
+this morning, I imagine that Jerdan has either bribed the printer, or
+purloined some sheets. It is evident that he has only seen the last
+volume. It is unnecessary for me to observe that such premature notice,
+written in such complete ignorance of the work, can do no good. I think
+that he should be reprimanded, and his petty larceny arrested. I shall
+be in town on Tuesday.
+
+Yours, B.D.
+
+The work, when it appeared in 1833, excited considerable sensation, and
+was very popular at the time of its publication. It is now included in
+the uniform edition of Lord Beaconsfield's works.
+
+During his travels in the East, Mr. Disraeli was attended by Lord
+Byron's faithful gondolier, who had accompanied his master to
+Missolonghi, and remained with him till his death.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DUKE STREET, _July 5_, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have just returned to town, and will call in Albemarle Street as soon
+as I can. Tita, Lord Byron's faithful servant, and [Footnote: See note,
+p. 259.] who was also my travelling companion in the East, called upon
+me this morning. I thought you might wish to see one so intimately
+connected with the lost bard, and who is himself one of the most
+deserving creatures in the world.
+
+Yours faithfully,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+At the same time that Mr. Disraeli was engaged on his novel, he was busy
+with another, but this time a political work entitled "England and
+France: a Cure for the Ministerial Gallomania," dedicated to Lord Grey.
+The first letter on the subject--after Mr. Murray had agreed to publish
+the work--appears to have been the following, from Bradenham, Monday
+night, but without date:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+By to-morrow's coach, at your desire, I send you one-half of the volume,
+which, however, is not in the finished state I could have wished. I have
+materials for any length, but it is desirable to get out without a
+moment's loss of time. It has been suggested to publish a volume
+periodically, and let this come out as No. 1; so as to establish a
+journal of general foreign politics, for which there are ample means of
+first-rate information. I have not been able even to revise what is
+sent, but it will sufficiently indicate the work.
+
+I am to meet a personage on Thursday evening in town, and read over the
+whole to him. It is therefore absolutely necessary that the MS. should
+be returned to you on Thursday morning, and I will call in Albemarle
+Street the moment of my arrival, which will be about four o'clock. If in
+time, acknowledge the receipt by return of post.
+
+The remaining portion of the volume consists of several more dramatic
+scenes in Paris, a view of the character and career of L.P., [Footnote:
+Louis Philippe.] a most curious chapter on the conduct of the
+Diplomatists, and a general view of the state of Europe at the moment of
+publication. Pray be cautious, and above all let me depend upon your
+having the MS. on Thursday, otherwise, as Liston says in "Love, Law and
+Physic," "_we shall get all shot_."
+
+B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_,
+
+_Friday_, 11 o'clock.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I much regret that I missed you yesterday, but I called upon you the
+instant I arrived. I very much wish to talk over the "Gallomania," and
+will come on to you, if it be really impossible for you to pay me a
+visit. I have so much at this moment on my hands, that I should esteem
+such an incident, not only an honour, but a convenience.
+
+B.D.
+
+There seems to have been a difference of opinion between the author and
+the publisher respecting the title of the book:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have a great respect for your judgment, especially on the subject of
+titles, as I have shown in another instance, one which I shall ever
+regret. In the present, I shall be happy to receive from you any
+suggestion, but I can offer none. To me the _Gallomania_ (or _mania_ for
+what is French) appears to be one of the most felicitous titles ever
+devised. It is comprehensive, it is explicit, it is poignant and
+intelligible, as I should suppose, to learned and unlearned. The word
+_Anglomania_ is one of the commonest on the other side of the channel,
+is repeated daily in almost every newspaper; has been the title of one
+or two works; and of the best farce in the French language. It is here
+also common and intelligible.
+
+There is no objection to erasing the epithet "New," if you think it
+loads the title.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+The three following letters were written on the same day:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_. DUKE STREET, _March_ 30, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I am going to dine with Baron D'Haussez, Baron de Haber, _et hoc genus_,
+today, and must report progress, otherwise they will think I am trifling
+with them. Have you determined on a title? What think you of "A Cure for
+the Ministerial Gallomania," and advertise, dedicated to Lord Grey? Pray
+decide. You are aware I have not yet received a proof. Affairs look
+awkward in France. Beware lest we are a day after the fair, and only
+annalists instead of prophets.
+
+Your very faithful Servant, B. DISRAELI.
+
+_March_ 30.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I think it does very well, and I hope you are also satisfied. I shall
+send you the rest of the MS. tomorrow morning. There is a very
+remarkable chapter on Louis Philippe which is at present with Baron
+D'Haussez; and this is the reason I have not forwarded it to you. I keep
+the advertisement to show them.
+
+B.D.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+In further answer to your note received this evening, I think it proper
+to observe that I entirely agree with you that I "am bound to make as
+few alterations as possible," coming as they do from such a quarter; and
+I have acted throughout in such a spirit. All alterations and omissions
+of consequence are in this first sheet, and I have retained in the
+others many things of which I do not approve, merely on account of my
+respect for the source from whence they are derived.
+
+While you remind me of what I observed to your son, let me also remind
+you of the condition with which my permission was accompanied, viz.:
+that everything was to be submitted to my approval, and subject to my
+satisfaction. On this condition I have placed the proofs in the hands of
+several persons not less distinguished than your friend, [Footnote: Mr.
+Croker, with Mr. B. Disraeli's knowledge, revised the proofs.] and
+superior even in rank and recent office. Their papers are on my table,
+and I shall be happy to show them to you. I will mention one: the
+chapter on Belgium was originally written by the Plenipotentiary of the
+King of Holland to the Conference, Baron Van Zuylen. Scarcely a line of
+the original composition remains, although a very able one, because it
+did not accord with the main design of the book.
+
+With regard to the omission, pp. 12, 13, I acknowledge its felicity; but
+it is totally at variance with every other notice of M. de Talleyrand in
+the work, and entirely dissonant with the elaborate mention of him in
+the last chapter. When the reviser introduced this pungent remark, he
+had never even read the work he was revising.
+
+With regard to the authorship of this work, I should never be ashamed of
+being considered the author, I should be _proud to be_; but I am not. It
+is written by Legion, but I am one of them, and I bear the
+responsibility. If it be supposed to be written by a Frenchman, all its
+good effects must be marred, as it seeks to command attention and
+interest by its purely British spirit.
+
+I have no desire to thrust my acquaintance on your critic. More than
+once, I have had an opportunity to form that acquaintance, and more than
+once I have declined it, but I am ready to bear the _brunt of
+explanation_, if you desire me.
+
+It is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of
+Reform can issue from my pen or from anything to which I contribute.
+Within these four months I have declined being returned for a Tory
+borough, and almost within these four hours, to mention slight affairs,
+I have refused to inscribe myself a member of "The Conservative Club." I
+cannot believe that you will place your critic's feelings for a few
+erased passages against my permanent interest.
+
+But in fact these have nothing to do with the question. To convenience
+you, I have no objection to wash my hands of the whole business, and put
+you in direct communication with my coadjutors. I can assure you that it
+is from no regard for my situation that Reform was omitted, but because
+they are of opinion that its notice would be unwise and injurious. For
+myself, I am ready to do anything that you can desire, except entirely
+change my position in life.
+
+I will see your critic, if you please, or you can give up the
+publication and be reimbursed, which shall make no difference in our
+other affairs. All I ask in this and all other affairs, are candour and
+decision.
+
+The present business is most pressing. At present I am writing a chapter
+on Poland from intelligence just received, and it will be ready for the
+printer tomorrow morning, as I shall finish it before I retire. I await
+your answer with anxiety.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Disraeli was evidently intent upon the immediate publication of his
+work. On the following day he wrote again to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 31, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+We shall have an opportunity of submitting the work to Count Orloff
+tomorrow morning, in case you can let me have a set of the proofs
+tonight, I mean as far as we have gone. I do not like to send mine,
+which are covered with corrections.
+
+Yours truly, B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_. _Monday morning_, 9 _o'clock [April_ 2].
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Since I had the honour of addressing you the note of last night, I have
+seen the Baron. Our interview was intended to have been a final one, and
+it was therefore absolutely necessary that I should apprize him of all
+that had happened, of course concealing the name of your friend. The
+Baron says that the insertion of the obnoxious passages is fatal to all
+his combinations; that he has devoted two months of the most valuable
+time to this affair, and that he must hold me personally responsible for
+the immediate fulfilment of my agreement, viz.: to ensure its
+publication when finished.
+
+We dine at the same house today, and I have pledged myself to give him a
+categorical reply at that time, and to ensure its publication by some
+mode or other.
+
+Under these principal circumstances, my dear sir, I can only state that
+the work must be published at once, and with the omission of all
+passages hostile to Reform; and that if you are unwilling to introduce
+it in that way, I request from your friendliness such assistance as you
+can afford me about the printer, etc., to occasion its immediate
+publication in some other quarter.
+
+After what took place between myself and my coadjutor last night, I
+really can have for him only one answer or one alternative, and as I
+wish to give him the first, and ever avoid the second, I look forward
+with confidence to your answer.
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Disraeli next desires to have a set of the proofs to put into the
+hands of the Duke of Wellington:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_,
+
+_April_ 6, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have just received a note, that if I can get a set of clean proofs by
+Sunday, they will be put in the Duke's hands preliminary to the debate.
+I thought you would like to know this. Do you think it impossible? Let
+this be between us. I am sorry to give you all this trouble, but I know
+your zeal, and the interest you take in these affairs. I myself will
+never keep the printer, and engage when the proofs are sent me to
+prepare them for the press within an hour.
+
+Yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am very glad to receive the copy. I think that one should be sent to
+the editor of the _Times_ as quickly as possible; that at least he
+should not be anticipated in the receipt, even if in the _notice_, by a
+Sunday paper. But I leave all this to your better judgment. You will
+send copies to Duke Street as soon as you have them.
+
+B.D.
+
+After the article in the _Times_ had appeared, Baron de Haber, a
+mysterious German gentleman of Jewish extraction, who had taken part in
+the production of "Gallomania," wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Baron de Haber to John Murray_.
+
+2 _Mai_, 1832.
+
+MON CHER MONSIEUR,
+
+J'espère que vous serez content de l'article de _Times_ sur la
+"Gallomania." C'est un grand pas de fait. Il serait utile que le
+_Standard_ et le _Morning Post_ le copie en entier, avec des
+observations dans son sens. C'est a vous, mon cher Monsieur Murray, de
+soigner cet objet. J'ai infiniment regrette de ne m'etre pas trouve chez
+moi hier, lorsque vous etes venu me voir, avec l'aimable Mr. Lockhart.
+
+Tout a vous,
+
+DE H.
+
+_Baron de Haber to John Murray_.
+
+_Vendredi_.
+
+MON CHER MONSIEUR MURRAY,
+
+Vous desirez dans l'intèrêt de l'ouvrage faire mentionner dans le
+_Standard_ que le _Times_ d'aujourd'hui paroît etre assez d'accord avec
+l'auteur de la "Gallomania" sur M. Thiers, espérant que de jour en jour
+il reviendra aux idees de cet auteur.
+
+Il seroit aussi convenable de dire que la _prophétie_ dans la lettre à
+_My Lord Grey_ était assez juste: Allusion--"In less than a month we
+shall no doubt hear of their _warm_ reception in the Provinces, and of
+some gratifying, perhaps startling, demonstrations of national
+gratitude." Voyez, mon cher Monsieur, comme depuis 8 jours ces pauvres
+Députés qui ont voté pour le Ministre sont traités, Si vous étes à la
+maison ce soir, dites-le-moi, je désire vous parler. Dinez-vous
+chez-vous?
+
+Votre dévoué,
+
+DE H.
+
+The following announcement was published by Mr. Disraeli in reply to
+certain criticisms of his work:
+
+"I cannot allow myself to omit certain observations of my able critic
+without remarking that those omissions are occasioned by no
+insensibility to their acuteness.
+
+"Circumstances of paramount necessity render it quite impossible that
+anything can proceed from my pen hostile to the general question of
+_Reform_.
+
+"Independent however of all personal considerations, and viewing the
+question of Reform for a moment in the light in which my critic
+evidently speculates, I would humbly suggest that the cause which he
+advocates would perhaps be more united in the present pages by being
+passed over _in silence_. It is important that this work should be a
+work not of _party_ but of national interest, and I am induced to
+believe that a large class in this country, who think themselves bound
+to support the present administration from a superficial sympathy with
+their domestic measures, have long viewed their foreign policy with
+distrust and alarm.
+
+"If the public are at length convinced that Foreign Policy, instead of
+being an abstract and isolated division of the national interests, is in
+fact the basis of our empire and present order, and that this basis
+shakes under the unskilful government of the Cabinet, the public may be
+induced to withdraw their confidence from that Cabinet altogether.
+
+"With this exception, I have adopted all the additions and alterations
+that I have yet had the pleasure of seeing without reserve, and I seize
+this opportunity of expressing my sense of their justness and their
+value.
+
+"_The Author of 'Gallomania_.'" [Footnote: Several references are made
+to "Contarini Fleming" and "Gallomania" in "Lord Beaconsfield's Letters
+to his Sister," published in 1887.]
+
+The next person whom we shall introduce to the reader was one who had
+but little in common with Mr. Benjamin Disraeli, except that, like him,
+he had at that time won little of that world-wide renown which he was
+afterwards to achieve. This "writer of books," as he described himself,
+was no other than Thomas Carlyle, who, when he made the acquaintance of
+Mr. Murray, had translated Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister," written the "Life
+of Schiller," and several articles in the Reviews; but was not yet known
+as a literary man of mark. He was living among the bleak, bare moors of
+Dumfriesshire at Craigenputtock, where he was consoled at times by
+visits from Jeffrey and Emerson, and by letters from Goethe, and where
+he wrote that strange and rhapsodical book "Sartor Resartus," containing
+a considerable portion of his own experience. After the MS. was nearly
+finished, he wrapt it in a piece of paper, put in it his pocket, and
+started for Dumfries, on his way to London.
+
+Mr. Francis Jeffrey, then Lord Advocate, recommended Carlyle to try
+Murray, because, "in spite of its radicalism, he would be the better
+publisher." Jeffrey wrote to Mr. Murray on the subject, without
+mentioning Carlyle's name:
+
+_Mr. Jeffrey to John Murray_. _May_ I, 1831.
+
+"Lord Jeffrey [Footnote: Jeffrey writes thus, although he did not become
+a Lord of Session till 1834.] understands that the earlier chapters of
+this work (which is the production of a friend of his) were shown some
+months ago to Mr. Murray (or his reader), and were formally judged of;
+though, from its incomplete state, no proposal for its publication could
+then be entertained. What is now sent completes it; the earlier chapters
+being now under the final perusal of the author.
+
+"Lord Jeffrey, who thinks highly of the author's abilities, ventures to
+beg Mr. Murray to look at the MS. now left with him, and to give him, as
+soon as possible, his opinion as to its probable success on publication;
+and also to say whether he is willing to undertake it, and on what
+terms."
+
+Carlyle, who was himself at the time in London, called upon Mr. Murray,
+and left with him a portion of the manuscript, and an outline of the
+proposed volume.
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+6 WOBURN BUILDINGS, TAVISTOCK SQUARE,
+
+_Wednesday, August_ 10, 1831.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I here send you the MS. concerning which I have, for the present, only
+to repeat my urgent request that no time may be lost in deciding on it.
+At latest, next Wednesday I shall wait upon you, to see what further, or
+whether anything further is to be done.
+
+In the meanwhile, it is perhaps unnecessary to say, that the whole
+business is strictly confidential; the rather, as I wish to publish
+anonymously.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+Be so kind as to write, by the bearer, these two words, "MS. received."
+
+When Carlyle called a second time Murray was not at home, but he found
+that the parcel containing the MS. had not been opened. He again wrote
+to the publisher on the following Friday:
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As I am naturally very anxious to have this little business that lies
+between us off my hands--and, perhaps, a few minutes' conversation would
+suffice to settle it all--I will again request, in case I should be so
+unlucky as to miss you in Albemarle Street, that you would have the
+goodness to appoint me a short meeting at any, the earliest, hour that
+suits your convenience.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+This was followed up by a letter from Mr. Jeffrey:
+
+_Mr. Jeffrey to John Murray_.
+
+_Sunday, August_ 28, 1831.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Will you favour me with a few minutes' conversation, any morning of this
+week (the early part of it, if possible), on the subject of my friend
+Carlyle's projected publication. I have looked a little into the MS. and
+can tell you something about it. Believe me, always, very faithfully
+yours,
+
+F. JEFFREY.
+
+The interview between Jeffrey and Murray led to an offer for the MS.
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+TUESDAY.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have seen the Lord Advocate [Jeffrey], who informs me that you are
+willing to print an edition of 750 copies of my MS., at your own cost,
+on the principle of what is called "half profits"; the copyright of the
+book after that to belong to myself. I came down at present to say
+that, being very anxious to have you as a publisher, and to see my book
+put forth soon, I am ready to accede to these terms; and I should like
+much to meet you, or hear from you, at your earliest convenience, that
+the business might be actually put in motion. I much incline to think,
+in contrasting the character of my little speculation with the character
+of the times, that _now_ (even in these months, say in November) were
+the best season for emitting it. Hoping soon to see all this pleasantly
+settled,
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+Mr. Murray was willing to undertake the risk of publishing 750 copies,
+and thus to allow the author to exhibit his literary wares to the
+public. Even if the whole edition had sold, the pecuniary results to
+both author and publisher would have been comparatively trifling, but as
+the copyright was to remain in the author's possession, and he would
+have been able to make a much better bargain with the future editions,
+the terms may be considered very liberal, having regard to the
+exceptional nature of the work. Mr. Carlyle, however, who did not know
+the usual custom of publishers, had in the meantime taken away his MS.
+and offered it to other publishers in London, evidently to try whether
+he could not get a better bid for his book. Even Jeffrey thought it "was
+too much of the nature of a rhapsody, to command success or respectful
+attention." The publishers thought the same. Carlyle took the MS. to
+Fraser of Regent Street, who offered to publish it if Carlyle would
+_give him_ a sum not exceeding £150 sterling. He had already been to
+Longmans & Co., offering them his "German Literary History," but they
+declined to publish the work, and he now offered them his "Sartor
+Resartus," with a similar result. He also tried Colburn and Bentley, but
+without success. When Murray, then at Ramsgate, heard that Carlyle had
+been offering his book to other publishers, he wrote to him:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Carlyle_.
+
+_September_ 17, 1831.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your conversation with me respecting the publication of your MS. led me
+to infer that you had given me the preference, and certainly not that
+you had already submitted it to the greatest publishers in London, who
+had declined to engage in it. Under these circumstances it will be
+necessary for me also to get it read by some literary friend, before I
+can, in justice to myself, engage in the printing of it.
+
+I am, dear Sir, your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+To this Mr. Carlyle replied:
+
+_September_ 19, 1831
+
+SIR,
+
+I am this moment favoured with your note of the 17th, and beg to say, in
+reply,:
+
+_First_.--That your idea, derived from conversation with me, of my
+giving you the preference to all other Publishers, was perfectly
+correct. I had heard you described as a man of honour, frankness, and
+even generosity, and knew you to have the best and widest connexions; on
+which grounds, I might well say, and can still well say, that a
+transaction with you would please me better than a similar one with any
+other member of the Trade.
+
+_Secondly_.--That your information, of my having submitted my MS. to the
+greatest publishers in London, if you mean that, after coming out of
+your hands, it lay two days in those of Messrs. Longman & Rees, and was
+from them delivered over to the Lord Advocate, is also perfectly
+correct: if you mean anything else, incorrect.
+
+_Thirdly_.--That if you wish the Bargain, which I had understood myself
+to have made with you, unmade, you have only to cause your Printer, who
+is now working on my MS., to return the same, without damage or delay,
+and consider the business as finished. I remain, Sir, your obedient
+servant,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+In the meantime Murray submitted the MS. to one of his literary
+advisers, probably Lockhart, whose report was not very encouraging.
+Later, as Mr. Carlyle was unwilling to entertain the idea of taking his
+manuscript home with him, and none of the other publishers would accept
+it, he urgently requested Mr. Murray again to examine it, and come to
+some further decision. "While I, with great readiness," he said, "admit
+your views, and shall cheerfully release you from all engagement, or
+shadow of engagement, with me in regard to it: the rather, as it seems
+reasonable for me to expect some higher remuneration for a work that has
+cost me so much effort, were it once fairly examined, such remuneration
+as was talked of between _us_ can, I believe, at all times, be
+procured." He then proposed "a quite new negotiation, if you incline to
+enter on such"; and requested his decision. "If not, pray have the
+goodness to cause my papers to be returned with the least possible
+delay." The MS. was at once returned; and Carlyle acknowledged its
+receipt:
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 6, 1831.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have received the MS., with your note and your friend's criticism, and
+I find it all safe and right. In conclusion, allow me to thank you for
+your punctuality and courtesy in this part of the business; and to join
+cordially in the hope you express that, in some fitter case, a closer
+relation may arise between us. I remain, my dear Sir, faithfully yours,
+
+T. CARLYLE.
+
+Mr. Carlyle returned to Craigenputtock with his manuscript in his
+pocket; very much annoyed and disgusted by the treatment of the London
+publishers. Shortly after his arrival at home, he wrote to Mr. Macvey
+Napier, then editor of the _Edinburgh Review_:
+
+"All manner of perplexities have occurred in the publishing of my poor
+book, which perplexities I could only cut asunder, not unloose; so the
+MS., like an unhappy ghost, still lingers on the wrong side of Styx: the
+Charon of Albemarle Street durst not risk it in his _sutilis cymba_, so
+it leaped ashore again. Better days are coming, and new trials will end
+more happily."
+
+A little later (February 6, 1832) he said:
+
+"I have given up the notion of hawking my little manuscript book about
+any further. For a long time it has lain quiet in its drawer, waiting
+for a better day. The bookselling trade seems on the edge of
+dissolution; the force of puffing can go no further; yet bankruptcy
+clamours at every door: sad fate! to serve the Devil, and get no wages
+even from him! The poor bookseller Guild, I often predict to myself,
+will ere long be found unfit for the strange part it now plays in our
+European World; and give place to new and higher arrangements, of which
+the coming shadows are already becoming visible."
+
+The "Sartor Resartus" was not, however, lost. Two years after Carlyle's
+visit to London, it came out, bit by bit, in _Fraser's Magazine_.
+Through the influence of Emerson, it was issued, as a book, at Boston,
+in the United States, and Carlyle got some money for his production. It
+was eventually published in England, and, strange to say, has had the
+largest sale in the "People's Edition of Carlyle's Works." Carlyle,
+himself, created the taste to appreciate "Sartor Resartus."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+MR. GLADSTONE AND OTHERS
+
+
+In July 1838 Mr. W.E. Gladstone, then Tory member of Parliament for
+Newark-upon-Trent, wrote to Mr. Murray from 6 Carlton Gardens, informing
+him that he has written and thinks of publishing some papers on the
+subject of the relationship of the "Church and the State," which would
+probably fill a moderate octavo volume, and that he would be glad to
+know if Mr. Murray would be inclined to see them. Mr. Murray saw the
+papers, and on August 9 he agreed with Mr. Gladstone to publish 750 or
+1,000 copies of the work on "Church and State," on half profits, the
+copyright to remain with the author after the first edition was sold.
+The work was immediately sent to press, and proofs were sent to Mr.
+Gladstone, about to embark for Holland. A note was received by Mr.
+Murray from the author (August 17, 1838):
+
+"I write a line from Rotterdam to say that sea-sickness prevented my
+correcting the proofs on the passage."
+
+This was Mr. Gladstone's first appearance in the character of an author,
+and the work proved remarkably successful, four editions being called
+for in the course of three years. It was reviewed by Macaulay in the
+_Edinburgh_ for April 1839, and in the _Quarterly_ by the Rev. W. Sewell
+in December. "Church Principles," published in 1840, did not meet with
+equal success. Two years later we find a reference to the same subject.
+
+_Mr. W.E. Gladstone to John Murray_.
+
+13 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, _April_ 6, 1842.
+
+My DEAR SIR,
+
+I thank you very much for your kindness in sending me the new number of
+the _Quarterly_. As yet I have only read a part of the article on the
+Church of England, which seems to be by a known hand, and to be full of
+very valuable research: I hope next to turn to Lord Mahon's "Joan of
+Arc."
+
+Amidst the pressure of more urgent affairs, I have held no consultation
+with you regarding my books and the sale or no sale of them. As to the
+third edition of the "State in its Relations," I should think the
+remaining copies had better be got rid of in whatever summary or
+ignominious mode you may deem best. They must be dead beyond recall. As
+to the others, I do not know whether the season of the year has at all
+revived the demand; and would suggest to you whether it would be well to
+advertise them a little. I do not think they find their way much into
+the second-hand shops.
+
+With regard to the fourth edition, I do not know whether it would be
+well to procure any review or notice of it, and I am not a fair judge of
+its merits even in comparison with the original form of the work; but my
+idea is, that it is less defective both in the theoretical and in the
+historical development, and ought to be worth the notice of those who
+deemed the earlier editions worth their notice and purchase: that it
+would really put a reader in possession of the view it was intended to
+convey, which I fear is more than can with any truth be said of its
+predecessors.
+
+I am not, however, in any state of anxiety or impatience: and I am
+chiefly moved to refer these suggestions to your judgment from
+perceiving that the Fourth Edition is as yet far from having cleared
+itself.
+
+I remain always,
+
+Very faithfully yours,
+
+W.E. GLADSTONE.
+
+In the same year another author of different politics and strong
+anti-slavery views appeared to claim Mr. Murray's assistance as a
+publisher. It was Mr. Thomas Fowell Buxton, M.P., who desired him to
+publish his work upon the "Slave Trade and its Remedy."
+
+_Mr. Buxton to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 31, 1837.
+
+"The basis of my proposed book has already been brought before the
+Cabinet Ministers in a confidential letter addressed to Lord
+Melbourne.... It is now my purpose to publish a portion of the work, on
+the nature, extent, and horrors of the slave trade, and the failure of
+the efforts hitherto made to suppress it, [Footnote: See "Life of W.E.
+Forster," ch. iv.] reserving the remainder for another volume to be
+published at a future day. I should like to have 1,500 copies of the
+first volume thrown off without delay."
+
+The book was published, and was followed by a cheaper volume in the
+following year, of which a large number was sold and distributed.
+
+The following letter illustrates the dangerous results of reading sleepy
+books by candle-light in bed:
+
+_Mr. Longman to John Murray_.
+
+2 HANOVER TERRACE, 1838.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Can you oblige me by letting me have a third volume of "Wilberforce"?
+The fact is, that in reading that work, my neighbour, Mr. Alexander,
+fell fast asleep from exhaustion, and, setting himself on fire, burnt
+the volume and his bed, to the narrow escape of the whole Terrace. Since
+that book has been published, premiums of fire assurance are up, and not
+having already insured my No. 2, now that the fire has broken out near
+my own door, no office will touch my house nor any others in the Terrace
+until it is ascertained that Mr. Alexander has finished with the book.
+So pray consider our position, and let me have a third volume to make up
+the set as soon as possible.
+
+Mr. Murray had agreed with the Bishop of Llandaff to publish Lord
+Dudley's posthumous works, but the Bishop made certain complaints which
+led to the following letter from Mr. Murray:
+
+_John Murray to the Bishop of Llandaff_.
+
+_December_ 31, 1839.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I am told that your Lordship continues to make heavy complaints of the
+inconvenience you incur by making me the publisher of "Lord Dudley's
+Letters," in consequence of the great distance between St. Paul's
+Churchyard and Albemarle Street, and that you have discovered another
+cause for dissatisfaction in what you consider the inordinate profits of
+a publisher.
+
+My Lord, when I had the honour to publish for Sir Walter Scott and Lord
+Byron, the one resided in Edinburgh, the other in Venice; and, with
+regard to the supposed advantages of a publisher, they were only such as
+custom has established, and experience proved to be no more than
+equivalent to his peculiar trouble and the inordinate risque which he
+incurs.
+
+My long acquaintance with Lord Dudley, and the kindness and friendship
+with which he honoured me to the last, made me, in addition to my
+admiration of his talents, desire, and, indeed, expect to become the
+publisher of his posthumous works, being convinced that he would have
+had no other. After what has passed on your Lordship's side, however, I
+feel that it would be inconsistent with my own character to embarrass
+you any longer, and I therefore release your Lordship at once from any
+promise or supposed understanding whatever regarding this publication,
+and remain, my Lord,
+
+Your Lordship's humble Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+The Bishop of Llandaff seems to have thought better of the matter, and
+in Mr. Murray's second letter to him (January 1, 1840) he states that,
+after his Lordship's satisfactory letter, he "renews his engagement as
+publisher of Lord Dudley's 'Letters' with increased pleasure." The
+volume was published in the following year, but was afterwards
+suppressed; it is now very scarce.
+
+Mrs. Jameson proposed to Mr. Murray to publish a "Guide to the
+Picture-Galleries of London." He was willing to comply with her request,
+provided she submitted her manuscript for perusal and approval. But as
+she did not comply with his request, Mr. Murray wrote to her as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Jameson_.
+
+_July_ 14, 1840
+
+MY DEAR MADAM,
+
+It is with unfeigned regret that I perceive that you and I are not
+likely to understand each other. The change from a Publisher, to whose
+mode of conducting business you are accustomed, to another of whom you
+have heard merely good reports, operates something like second
+marriages, in which, whatever occurs that is different from that which
+was experienced in the first, is always considered wrong by the party
+who has married a second time. If, for a particular case, you have been
+induced to change your physician, you should not take offence, or feel
+even surprise, at a different mode of treatment.
+
+My rule is, never to engage in the publication of any work of which I
+have not been allowed to form a judgment of its merits and chances of
+success, by having the MSS. left with me a reasonable time, in order to
+form such opinion; and from this habit of many years' exercise, I
+confess to you that it will not, even upon the present occasion, suit me
+to deviate.
+
+I am well aware that you would not wish to publish anything derogatory
+to the high reputation which you have so deservedly acquired; but
+Shakespeare, Byron, and Scott have written works that do not sell; and,
+as you expect money for the work which you wish to allow me the honour
+of publishing, how am I to judge of its value if I am not previously
+allowed to read it?
+
+Mrs. Jameson at length submitted her work for Mr. Murray's inspection;
+and after some negotiation, her Guide-Book was purchased for £400.
+
+Mr. Murray, it may here be mentioned, had much communication with Sir
+Robert Peel during his parliamentary career. He published many of Peel's
+speeches and addresses--his Address to the Students of Glasgow
+University; his Speeches on the Irish Disturbances Bill, the Coercion
+Bill, the Repeal of the Union, and the Sugar Bills--all of which were
+most carefully revised before being issued. Sugar had become so cloying
+with Sir Robert, that he refused to read his speeches on the subject. "I
+am so sick of Sugar," he wrote to Murray, "and of the eight nights'
+debate, that I have not the courage to look at any report of my
+speech--at least at present." A later letter shows that the connection
+continued.
+
+_The Rt. Hon. Sir R. Peel to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ or _August_, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your printer must be descended from him who omitted _not_ from the
+seventh Commandment, and finding a superfluous "not" in his possession,
+is anxious to find a place for it.
+
+I am sorry he has bestowed it upon me, and has made me assure my
+constituents that I do _not_ intend to support my political principles.
+Pray look at the 4th line of the second page of the enclosed.
+
+Faithfully yours,
+
+ROBERT PEEL.
+
+No account of Mr. Murray's career would be complete without some mention
+of the "Handbooks," with which his name has been for sixty years
+associated; for though this series was in reality the invention of his
+son, it was Mr. Murray who provided the means and encouragement for the
+execution of the scheme, and by his own experience was instrumental in
+ensuring its success.
+
+As early as 1817 Hobhouse had remarked on the inadequate character of
+most books of European travel. In later years Mrs. Starke made a
+beginning, but her works were very superficial and inadequate, and after
+personally testing them on their own ground, Mr. John Murray decided
+that something better was needed.
+
+Of the origin of the Guide-books Mr. John Murray the Third has given
+the following account in Murray's Magazine for November 1889.
+
+"Since so many thousands of persons have profited by these books, it may
+be of some interest to the public to learn their origin, and the cause
+which led me to prepare them. Having from my early youth been possessed
+by an ardent desire to travel, my very indulgent father acceded to my
+request, on condition that I should prepare myself by mastering the
+language of the country I was to travel in. Accordingly, in 1829, having
+brushed up my German, I first set foot on the Continent at Rotterdam,
+and my 'Handbook for Holland' gives the results of my personal
+observations and private studies of that wonderful country.
+
+"At that time such a thing as a Guide-book for Germany, France, or Spain
+did not exist. The only Guides deserving the name were: Ebel, for
+Switzerland; Boyce, for Belgium; and Mrs. Starke, for Italy. Hers was a
+work of real utility, because, amidst a singular medley of classical
+lore, borrowed from Lemprière's Dictionary, interwoven with details
+regulating the charges in washing-bills at Sorrento and Naples, and an
+elaborate theory on the origin of _Devonshire Cream_, in which she
+proves that it was brought by Phoenician colonists from Asia Minor into
+the West of England, it contained much practical information gathered on
+the spot. But I set forth for the North of Europe unprovided with any
+guide, excepting a few manuscript notes about towns and inns, etc., in
+Holland, furnished me by my good friend Dr. Somerville, husband of the
+learned Mrs. Somerville. These were of the greatest use. Sorry was I
+when, on landing at Hamburg, I found myself destitute of such friendly
+aid. It was this that impressed on my mind the value of practical
+information gathered on the spot, and I set to work to collect for
+myself all the facts, information, statistics, etc., which an English
+tourist would be likely to require or find useful.
+
+The first of Mr. John Murray's Handbooks to the Continent, published
+1836, included Holland, Belgium, and North Germany, and was followed at
+short intervals by South Germany, Switzerland--in which he was assisted
+by his intimate friend and fellow-traveller, William Brockedon, the
+artist, who was then engaged in preparing his own splendid work on "The
+Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers of the Alps"--and France. These were all
+written by Mr. Murray himself; but, as the series proceeded, it was
+necessary to call in the aid of other writers and travellers.
+Switzerland, which appeared in 1838, was followed in 1839 by Norway,
+Sweden, and Denmark, and in 1840 by the Handbook to the East, the work
+of Mr. H. Parish, aided by Mr. Godfrey Levinge. In 1842 Sir Francis
+Palgrave completed the Guide to Northern Italy, while Central and
+Southern Italy were entrusted to Mr. Octavian Blewitt, for many years
+Secretary of the Royal Literary Fund.
+
+In later years, as well as at the earlier period, the originator of the
+Handbooks was fortunate enough to secure very able colleagues, among
+whom it is sufficient to mention Richard Ford for Spain, Sir Gardner
+Wilkinson for Egypt, Dr. Porter for Palestine, Sir George Bowen for
+Greece, Sir Lambert Playfair for Algiers and the Mediterranean, and Mr.
+George Dennis for Sicily.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+GEORGE BORROW--RICHARD FORD--HORACE TWISS--JOHN STERLING--MR.
+GLADSTONE--DEATH OF SOUTHEY, ETC.
+
+
+In November 1840 a tall athletic gentleman in black called upon Mr.
+Murray offering a MS. for perusal and publication. George Borrow had
+been a travelling missionary of the Bible Society in Spain, though in
+early life he had prided himself on being an athlete, and had even taken
+lessons in pugilism from Thurtell, who was a fellow-townsman. He was a
+native of Dereham, Norfolk, but had wandered much in his youth, first
+following his father, who was a Captain of Militia. He went from south
+to north, from Kent to Edinburgh, where he was entered as pupil in the
+High School, and took part in the "bickers" so well described by Sir
+Walter Scott. Then the boy followed the regiment to Ireland, where he
+studied the Celtic dialect. From early youth he had a passion, and an
+extraordinary capacity, for learning languages, and on reaching manhood
+he was appointed agent to the Bible Society, and was sent to Russia to
+translate and introduce the Scriptures. While there he mastered the
+language, and learnt besides the Solavonian and the gypsy dialects. He
+translated the New Testament into the Tartar Mantchow, and published
+versions from English into thirty languages. He made successive visits
+into Russia, Norway, Turkey, Bohemia, Spain and Barbary. In fact, the
+sole of his foot never rested. While an agent for the Bible Society in
+Spain, he translated the New Testament into Spanish, Portuguese, Romany,
+and Basque--which language, it is said, the devil himself never could
+learn--and when he had learnt the Basque he acquired the name of
+Lavengro, or word-master.
+
+Such was George Borrow when he called upon Murray to offer him the MSS.
+of his first book, "The Gypsies in Spain." Mr. Murray could not fail to
+be taken at first sight with this extraordinary man. He had a splendid
+physique, standing six feet two in his stockings, and he had brains as
+well as muscles, as his works sufficiently show. The book now submitted
+was of a very uncommon character, and neither the author nor the
+publisher was very sanguine about its success. Mr. Murray agreed, after
+perusal, to print and publish 750 copies of "The Gypsies in Spain," and
+divide the profits with the author. But this was only the beginning, and
+Borrow reaped much better remuneration from future editions of the
+volume. Indeed, the book was exceedingly well received, and met with a
+considerable sale; but not so great as his next work, "The Bible in
+Spain," which he was now preparing.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_. _August_ 23, 1841.
+
+"A queer book will be this same 'Bible in Spain,' containing all my
+queer adventures in that queer country whilst engaged in distributing
+the Gospel, but neither learning, nor disquisition, fine writing, or
+poetry. A book with such a Bible and of this description can scarcely
+fail of success. It will make two nice foolscap octavo volumes of about
+500 pages each. I have not heard from Ford since I had last the pleasure
+of seeing you. Is his book out? I hope that he will not review the
+'Zincali' until the Bible is forthcoming, when he may, if he please,
+kill two birds with one stone. I hear from Saint Petersburg that there
+is a notice of the 'Zincali' in the _Revue Britannique_; it has been
+translated into Russian. Do you know anything about it?"
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_. OULTON HALL, LOWESTOFT, _January_
+1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+We are losing time. I have corrected seven hundred consecutive pages of
+MS., and the remaining two hundred will be ready in a fortnight. I do
+not think there will be a dull page in the whole book, as I have made
+one or two very important alterations; the account of my imprisonment at
+Madrid cannot fail, I think, of being particularly interesting....
+During the last week I have been chiefly engaged in horse-breaking. A
+most magnificent animal has found his way to this neighbourhood--a
+half-bred Arabian. He is at present in the hands of a low horse-dealer,
+and can be bought for eight pounds, but no one will have him. It is said
+that he kills everybody who mounts him. I have been _charming_ him, and
+have so far succeeded that he does not fling me more than once in five
+minutes. What a contemptible trade is the author's compared with that of
+the jockey's!
+
+Mr. Borrow prided himself on being a horse-sorcerer, an art he learned
+among the gypsies, with whose secrets he claimed acquaintance. He
+whispered some unknown gibberish into their ears, and professed thus to
+tame them.
+
+He proceeded with "The Bible in Spain." In the following month he sent
+to Mr. Murray the MS. of the first volume. To the general information as
+to the contents and interest of the volume, he added these words:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_February_, 1842.
+
+"I spent a day last week with our friend Dawson Turner at Yarmouth. What
+capital port he keeps! He gave me some twenty years old, and of nearly
+the finest flavour that I ever tasted. There are few better things than
+old books, old pictures, and old port, and he seems to have plenty of
+all three."
+
+_May_ 10, 1842.
+
+"I am coming up to London tomorrow, and intend to call at Albemarle
+Street.... I make no doubt that we shall be able to come to terms; I
+like not the idea of applying to second-rate people. I have been
+dreadfully unwell since I last heard from you--a regular nervous attack;
+at present I have a bad cough, caught by getting up at night in pursuit
+of poachers and thieves. A horrible neighbourhood this--not a magistrate
+that dares to do his duty.
+
+"P.S.--Ford's book not out yet?"
+
+There seems to have been some difficulty about coming to terms. Borrow
+had promised his friends that his book should be out by October 1, and
+he did not wish them to be disappointed:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ 4, 1842.
+
+Why this delay? Mr. Woodfall [the printer] tells me that the state of
+trade is wretched. Well and good! But you yourself told me so two months
+ago, when you wrote requesting that I would give you the preference,
+provided I had not made arrangements with other publishers. Between
+ourselves, my dear friend, I wish the state of the trade were ten times
+worse than it is, and then things would find their true level, and an
+original work would be properly appreciated, and a set of people who
+have no pretensions to write, having nothing to communicate but
+tea-table twaddle, could no longer be palmed off upon the public as
+mighty lions and lionesses. But to the question: What are your
+intentions with respect to "The Bible in Spain"? I am a frank man, and
+frankness never offends me. Has anybody put you out of conceit with the
+book? There is no lack of critics, especially in your neighbourhood.
+Tell me frankly, and I will drink your health in Rommany. Or, would the
+appearance of "The Bible" on the first of October interfere with the
+Avatar, first or second, of some very Lion or Divinity, to whom George
+Borrow, who is neither, must, of course, give place? Be frank with me,
+my dear sir, and I will drink your health in Rommany and Madeira.
+
+In case of either of the above possibilities being the fact, allow me to
+assure you that I am quite willing to release you from your share of the
+agreement into which we entered. At the same time, I do not intend to
+let the work fall to the ground, as it has been promised to the public.
+Unless you go on with it, I shall remit Woodfall the necessary money for
+the purchase of paper, and when it is ready offer it to the world. If it
+be but allowed fair play, I have no doubt of its success. It is an
+original book, on an original subject. Tomorrow, July 5, I am
+thirty-nine. Have the kindness to drink my health in Madeira.
+
+Ever most sincerely yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW.
+
+Terms were eventually arranged to the satisfaction of both parties.
+Borrow informed Murray that he had sent the last proofs to the printer,
+and continued:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 25, 1842.
+
+Only think, poor Allan Cunningham dead! A young man, only fifty-eight,
+strong and tall as a giant, might have lived to a hundred and one; but
+he bothered himself about the affairs of this world far too much. That
+statue shop [of Chantrey's] was his bane! Took to bookmaking
+likewise--in a word, was too fond of Mammon. Awful death--no
+preparation--came literally upon him like a thief in the dark. I'm
+thinking of writing a short life of him; old friend of twenty years'
+standing. I know a good deal about him; "Traditional Tales," his best
+work, first appeared in _London Magazine_, Pray send Dr. Bowring a copy
+of the Bible-another old friend. Send one to Ford, a capital fellow. God
+bless you--feel quite melancholy.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+G. BORROW.
+
+"The Bible in Spain" was published towards the end of the year, and
+created a sensation. It was praised by many critics, and condemned by
+others, for Borrow had his enemies in the press.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray, Junior_.
+
+LOWESTOFT, _December_ 1, 1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I received your kind letter containing the bills. It was very friendly
+of you, and I thank you, though, thank God, I have no Christmas bills to
+settle. Money, however, always acceptable. I dare say I shall be in
+London with the entrance of the New Year; I shall be most happy to see
+you, and still more your father, whose jokes do one good. I wish all the
+world were as gay as he; a gentleman drowned himself last week on my
+property, I wish he had gone somewhere else. I can't get poor Allan out
+of my head. When I come up, intend to go and see his wife. What a woman!
+I hope our book will be successful. If so, shall put another on the
+stocks. Capital subject; early life, studies, and adventures; some
+account of my father, William Taylor, Whiter, Big Ben, etc., etc. Had
+another letter from Ford; wonderful fellow; seems in high spirits.
+Yesterday read "Letters from the Baltic"; much pleased with it; very
+clever writer; critique in _Despatch_ harsh and unjust; quite uncalled
+for; blackguard affair altogether.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, ever yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW,
+
+_December_ 31, 1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have great pleasure in acknowledging your very kind letter of the
+28th, and am happy to hear that matters are going on so prosperously. It
+is quite useless to write books unless they sell, and the public has of
+late become so fastidious that it is no easy matter to please it. With
+respect to the critique in the _Times_, I fully agree with you that it
+was harsh and unjust, and the passages selected by no means calculated
+to afford a fair idea of the contents of the work. A book, however, like
+"The Bible in Spain" can scarcely be published without exciting
+considerable hostility, and I have been so long used to receiving hard
+knocks that they make no impression upon me. After all, the abuse of the
+_Times_ is better than its silence; it would scarcely have attacked the
+work unless it had deemed it of some importance, and so the public will
+think. All I can say is, that I did my best, never writing but when the
+fit took me, and never delivering anything to my amanuensis but what I
+was perfectly satisfied with. You ask me my opinion of the review in the
+_Quarterly_. Very good, very clever, very neatly done. Only one fault to
+find--too laudatory. I am by no means the person which the reviewer had
+the kindness to represent me. I hope you are getting on well as to
+health; strange weather this, very unwholesome, I believe, both for man
+and beast: several people dead, and great mortality amongst the cattle.
+Am tolerably well myself, but get but little rest--disagreeable
+dreams--digestion not quite so good as I could wish; been on the water
+system--won't do; have left it off, and am now taking lessons in
+singing. I hope to be in London towards the end of next month, and
+reckon much upon the pleasure of seeing you. On Monday I shall mount my
+horse and ride into Norwich to pay a visit to a few old friends.
+Yesterday the son of our excellent Dawson Turner rode over to see me;
+they are all well, it seems. Our friend Joseph Gurney, however, seems to
+be in a strange way--diabetes, I hear. I frequently meditate upon "The
+Life," and am arranging the scenes in my mind. With best remembrances to
+Mrs. M. and all your excellent family,
+
+Truly and respectfully yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW.
+
+Mr. Richard Ford's forthcoming work--"The Handbook for Spain"--about
+which Mr. Borrow had been making so many enquiries, was the result of
+many years' hard riding and constant investigation throughout Spain, one
+of the least known of all European countries at that time. Mr. Ford
+called upon Mr. Murray, after "The Bible in Spain" had been published,
+and a copy of the work was presented to him. He was about to start on
+his journey to Heavitree, near Exeter. A few days after his arrival Mr.
+Murray received the following letter from him:
+
+_Mr. Richard Ford to John Murray_.
+
+"I read Borrow with great delight all the way down per rail, and it
+shortened the rapid flight of that velocipede. You may depend upon it
+that the book will sell, which, after all, is the rub. It is the
+antipodes of Lord Carnarvon, and yet how they tally in what they have in
+common, and that is much--the people, the scenery of Galicia, and the
+suspicions and absurdities of Spanish Jacks-in-office, who yield not in
+ignorance or insolence to any kind of red-tapists, hatched in the
+hot-beds of jobbery and utilitarian mares-nests ... Borrow spares none
+of them. I see he hits right and left, and floors his man wherever he
+meets him. I am pleased with his honest sincerity of purpose and his
+graphic abrupt style. It is like an old Spanish ballad, leaping in _res
+medias_, going from incident to incident, bang, bang, bang, hops, steps,
+and jumps like a cracker, and leaving off like one, when you wish he
+would give you another touch or _coup de grâce_ ... He really sometimes
+puts me in mind of Gil Blas; but he has not the sneer of the Frenchman,
+nor does he gild the bad. He has a touch of Bunyan, and, like that
+enthusiastic tinker, hammers away, _à la Gitano_, whenever he thinks he
+can thwack the Devil or his man-of-all-work on earth--the Pope. Therein
+he resembles my friend and everybody's friend--_Punch_--who, amidst all
+his adventures, never spares the black one. However, I am not going to
+review him now; for I know that Mr. Lockhart has expressed a wish that I
+should do it for the _Quarterly Review_. Now, a wish from my liege
+master is a command. I had half engaged myself elsewhere, thinking that
+he did not quite appreciate such a _trump_ as I know Borrow to be. He is
+as full of meat as an egg, and a fresh laid one--not one of your Inglis
+breed, long addled by over-bookmaking. Borrow will lay you golden eggs,
+and hatch them after the ways of Egypt; put salt on his tail and secure
+him in your coop, and beware how any poacher coaxes him with 'raisins'
+or reasons out of the Albemarle preserves. When you see Mr. Lockhart
+tell him that I will do the paper. I owe my entire allowance to the _Q.
+R_. flag ... Perhaps my understanding the _full force_ of this 'gratia'
+makes me over partial to this wild Missionary; but I have ridden over
+the same tracks without the tracts, seen the same people, and know that
+_he_ is true, and I believe that he believes all that he writes to be
+true."
+
+Mr. Lockhart himself, however, wrote the review for the _Quarterly_ (No.
+141, December 1842). It was a temptation that he could not resist, and
+his article was most interesting. "The Gypsies in Spain" and "The Bible
+in Spain" went through many editions, and there is still a large demand
+for both works. Before we leave George Borrow we will give a few
+extracts from his letters, which, like his books, were short, abrupt,
+and graphic. He was asked to become a member of the Royal Institution.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 26, 1843.
+
+"I should like to become a member. The thing would just suit me, more
+especially as they do not want _clever_ men, but _safe_ men. Now, I am
+safe enough; ask the Bible Society, whose secrets I have kept so much to
+their satisfaction, that they have just accepted at my hands an English
+Gypsy Gospel gratis. What would the Institution expect me to write? I
+have exhausted Spain and the Gypsies, though an essay on Welsh language
+and literature might suit, with an account of the Celtic tongue. Or,
+won't something about the ancient North and its literature be more
+acceptable? I have just received an invitation to join the Ethnological
+Society (who are they?), which I have declined. I am at present in great
+demand; a bishop has just requested me to visit him. The worst of these
+bishops is that they are skin-flints, saving for their families. Their
+cuisine is bad, and their port wine execrable, and as for their
+cigars!--I say, do you remember those precious ones of the Sanctuary? A
+few days ago one of them turned up again. I found it in my great-coat
+pocket, and thought of you. I have seen the article in the _Edinburgh_
+about the Bible--exceedingly brilliant and clever, but rather too
+epigrammatic, quotations scanty and not correct. Ford is certainly a
+most astonishing fellow; he quite flabbergasts me--handbooks, review's,
+and I hear that he has just been writing a 'Life of Velasquez' for the
+'Penny Cyclopaedia'!"
+
+
+OULTON HALL, LOWESTOFT, _March_ 13, 1843.
+
+"So the second edition is disposed of. Well and good. Now, my dear
+friend, have the kindness to send me an account of the profits of it and
+let us come to a settlement. Up to the present time do assure you I have
+not made a penny by writing, what with journeys to London and tarrying
+there. Basta! I hate to talk of money matters.
+
+"Let them call me a nonentity if they will; I believe that some of those
+who say I am a phantom would alter their tone provided they were to ask
+me to a good dinner; bottles emptied and fowls devoured are not exactly
+the feats of a phantom: no! I partake more of the nature of a Brownie or
+Robin Goodfellow--goblins, 'tis true, but full of merriment and fun, and
+fond of good eating and drinking. Occasionally I write a page or two of
+my life. I am now getting my father into the Earl of Albemarle's
+regiment, in which he was captain for many years. If I live, and my
+spirits keep up tolerably well, I hope that within a year I shall be
+able to go to press with something which shall beat the 'Bible in
+Spain.'"
+
+And a few days later:
+
+"I have received your account for the two editions. I am perfectly
+satisfied. We will now, whenever you please, bring out a third edition.
+
+"The book which I am at present about will consist, if I live to finish
+it, of a series of Rembrandt pictures, interspersed here and there with
+a Claude. I shall tell the world of my parentage, my early thoughts and
+habits, how I become a _sap-engro,_ or viper-catcher: my wanderings with
+the regiment in England, Scotland, and Ireland, in which last place my
+jockey habits first commenced: then a great deal about Norwich, Billy
+Taylor, Thurtell, etc.: how I took to study and became a _lav-engro._
+What do you think of this for a bill of fare? I am now in a blacksmith's
+shop in the south of Ireland taking lessons from the Vulcan in horse
+charming and horse-shoe making. By the bye, I wish I were acquainted
+with Sir Robert Peel. I could give him many a useful hint with respect
+to Ireland and the Irish. I know both tolerably well. Whenever there's a
+row, I intend to go over with Sidi Habesmith and put myself at the head
+of a body of volunteers."
+
+During the negotiations for the publication of Mr. Horace Twiss's "Life
+of the Earl of Eldon," Mr. Murray wrote to Mr. Twiss:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Twiss_.
+
+_May_ 11, 1842.
+
+"I am very sorry to say that the publishing of books at this time
+involves nothing but loss, and that I have found it absolutely
+necessary to withdraw from the printers every work that I had in the
+press, and to return to the authors any MS. for which they required
+immediate publication."
+
+Mr. Murray nevertheless agreed to publish the "Life of Eldon" on
+commission, and it proved very successful, going through several
+editions.
+
+Another work offered to Mr. Murray in 1841 was "The Moor and the Loch,"
+by John Colquhoun, of Luss. He had published the first edition at
+Edinburgh through Mr. Blackwood; and, having had some differences with
+that publisher, he now proposed to issue the second edition in London.
+He wrote to Mr. Murray desiring him to undertake the work, and received
+the following reply:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Colquhoun_.
+
+_March_ 16, 1841.
+
+SIR,
+
+I should certainly have had much pleasure in being the original
+publisher of your very interesting work "The Moor and the Loch," but I
+have a very great dislike to the _appearance even_ of interfering with
+any other publisher. Having glass windows, I must not throw stones. With
+Blackwood, indeed, I have long had particular relations, and they for
+several years acted as my agents in Edinburgh; so pray have the kindness
+to confide to me the cause of your misunderstanding with that house, and
+let me have the satisfaction of at least trying in the first place to
+settle the matter amicably. In any case, however, you may rely upon all
+my means to promote the success of your work, the offer of which has
+made me, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_Mr. Colquhoun to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 20, 1841.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I am much obliged by your note which I received yesterday. I shall
+endeavour to see you directly, and when I explain the cause of my
+dissatisfaction with Messrs. Blackwood, I am sure you will at once see
+that it would be impossible for us to go on comfortably together with my
+second edition; and even if any adjustment was brought about, I feel
+convinced that the book would suffer. I do not mean to imply anything
+against the Messrs. Blackwood as men of business, and should be sorry to
+be thus understood; but this case has been a peculiar one, and requires
+too long an explanation for a letter. In the meantime I have written to
+you under the strictest confidence, as the Messrs. B. are not aware of
+my intention of bringing out a second edition at the present time, or of
+my leaving them. My reasons, however, are such that my determination
+cannot be altered; and I hope, after a full explanation with you, that
+we shall at once agree to publish the book with the least possible
+delay. I shall be most happy to return your note, which you may
+afterwards show to Messrs. B., and I may add that had you altogether
+refused to publish my book, it could in no way have affected my decision
+of leaving them.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, faithfully yours,
+
+JOHN COLQUHOUN.
+
+Mr. Colquhoun came up expressly to London, and after an interview with
+Mr. Murray, who again expressed his willingness to mediate with the
+Edinburgh publishers, Mr. Colquhoun repeated his final decision, and Mr.
+Murray at length agreed to publish the second edition of "The Moor and
+the Loch." It may be added that in the end Mr. Colquhoun did, as urged
+by Murray, return to the Blackwoods, who still continue to publish his
+work.
+
+Allan Cunningham ended his literary life by preparing the "Memoirs" of
+his friend Sir David Wilkie. Shortly before he undertook the work he had
+been prostrated by a stroke of paralysis, but on his partial recovery he
+proceeded with the memoirs, and the enfeebling effects of his attack may
+be traced in portions of the work. Towards the close of his life Wilkie
+had made a journey to the East, had painted the Sultan at
+Constantinople, and afterwards made his way to Smyrna, Rhodes, Beyrout,
+Jaffa, and Jerusalem. He returned through Egypt, and at Alexandria he
+embarked on board the _Oriental_ steamship for England. While at
+Alexandria, he had complained of illness, which increased, partly in
+consequence of his intense sickness at sea, and he died off Gibraltar on
+June 1, 1841, when his body was committed to the deep. Turner's splendid
+picture of the scene was one of Wilkie's best memorials. A review of
+Allan Cunningham's work, by Mr. Lockhart, appeared in the _Quarterly_,
+No. 144. Previous to its appearance he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 25, 1843.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I don't know if you have read much of "The Life of Wilkie." All
+Cunningham's part seems to be wretched, but in the "Italian and Spanish
+Journals and Letters" Wilkie shines out in a comparatively new
+character. He is a very eloquent and, I fancy, a deep and instructive
+critic on painting; at all events, Vol. ii. is full of very high
+interest.... Is there anywhere a good criticism on the alteration that
+Wilkie's style exhibited after his Italian and Spanish tours? The
+general impression always was, and I suppose will always be, that the
+change was for the worse. But it will be a nice piece of work to account
+for an unfortunate change being the result of travel and observation,
+which we now own to have produced such a stock of admirable theoretical
+disquisition on the principles of the Art. I can see little to admire or
+like in the man Wilkie. Some good homely Scotch kindness for kith and
+kin, and for some old friends too perhaps; but generally the character
+seems not to rise above the dull prudentialities of a decent man in awe
+of the world and the great, and awfully careful about No. 1. No genuine
+enjoyment, save in study of Art, and getting money through that study.
+He is a fellow that you can't suppose ever to have been drunk or in
+love--too much a Presbyterian Elder for either you or me.
+
+Mr. Murray received a communication (December 16, 1841), from Mr. John
+Sterling, Carlyle's friend, with whom he had had transactions on his own
+account. "Not," he said, "respecting his own literary affairs, but those
+of a friend." The friend was Mr. John Stuart Mill, son of the historian
+of British India. He had completed his work on Logic, of which Mr.
+Sterling had the highest opinion. He said it had been the "labour of
+many years of a singularly subtle, patient, and comprehensive mind. It
+will be our chief speculative monument of this age." Mr. Mill himself
+addressed Mr. Murray, first on December 20, 1841, while he was preparing
+the work for the press, and again in January and February, 1842, when he
+had forwarded the MS. to the publisher, and requested his decision. We
+find, however, that Mr. Murray was very ill at the time; that he could
+not give the necessary attention to the subject; and that the MS. was
+eventually returned.
+
+When Copyright became the subject of legislation in 1843, Mr. Murray
+received a letter from Mr. Gladstone.
+
+_Mr. Gladstone to John Murray_.
+
+WHITEHALL, _February_ 6, 1843.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I beg leave to thank you for the information contained in and
+accompanying your note which reached me on Saturday. The view with which
+the clauses relating to copyright in the Customs Act were framed was
+that those interested in the exclusion of pirated works would take care
+to supply the Board of Customs from time to time with lists of all works
+under copyright which were at all likely to be reprinted abroad, and
+that this would render the law upon the whole much more operative and
+more fair than an enormous catalogue of all the works entitled to the
+privilege, of which it would be found very difficult for the officers at
+the ports to manage the use.
+
+Directions in conformity with the Acts of last Session will be sent to
+the Colonies.
+
+But I cannot omit to state that I learn from your note with great
+satisfaction, that steps are to be taken here to back the recent
+proceedings of the Legislature. I must not hesitate to express my
+conviction that what Parliament has done will be fruitless, unless the
+_law_ be seconded by the adoption of such modes of publication, as will
+allow the public here and in the colonies to obtain possession of new
+and popular English works at moderate prices. If it be practicable for
+authors and publishers to make such arrangements, I should hope to see a
+great extension of our book trade, as well as much advantage to
+literature, from the measures that have now been taken and from those
+which I trust we shall be enabled to take in completion of them; but
+unless the proceedings of the trade itself adapt and adjust themselves
+to the altered circumstances, I can feel no doubt that we shall relapse
+into or towards the old state of things; the law will be first evaded
+and then relaxed.
+
+I am, my dear Sir,
+
+Faithfully yours,
+
+W.E. GLADSTONE.
+
+Here it is fitting that a few paragraphs should be devoted to the
+closing years of Robert Southey, who for so many years had been the
+friend and coadjutor of the publisher of the _Quarterly_.
+
+Between 1808 and 1838, Southey had written ninety-four articles for the
+_Quarterly_; the last was upon his friend Thomas Telford, the engineer,
+who left him a legacy. He had been returned Member of Parliament for
+Downton (before the Reform Bill passed), but refused the honour--a
+curious episode not often remembered in the career of this distinguished
+man of letters. When about fifty-five years old, his only certain source
+of income was from his pension, from which he received £145, and from
+his laureateship, which was £90. But the larger portion of these sums
+went in payment for his life insurance, so that not more than £100 could
+be calculated on as available. His works were not always profitable. In
+one year he only received £26 for twenty-one of his books, published by
+Longman.
+
+Murray gave him £1,000 for the copyright of the "Peninsular War"; but
+his "Book of the Church" and his "Vindiciae" produced nothing.
+
+Southey's chief means of support was the payments (generally £100 for
+each article) which he received for his contributions to the
+_Quarterly_; but while recognizing this, as he could not fail to do, as
+well as Murray's general kindness towards him, he occasionally allowed a
+vein of discontent to show itself even in his acknowledgment of favours
+received.
+
+In 1835 Southey received a pension of £300 from the Government of Sir
+Robert Peel. He was offered a Baronetcy at the same time, but he
+declined it, as his circumstances did not permit him to accept the
+honour.
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 17, 1835.
+
+"What Sir Robert Peel has done for me will enable me, when my present
+engagements are completed, to employ the remainder of my life upon those
+works for which inclination, peculiar circumstances, and long
+preparation, have best qualified me. They are "The History of Portugal,"
+"The History of the Monastic Orders," and "The History of English
+Literature," from the time when Wharton breaks off. The possibility of
+accomplishing three such works at my age could not be dreamt of, if I
+had not made very considerable progress with one, and no little, though
+not in such regular order, with the others."
+
+Shortly after his second marriage, Southey's intellect began to fail
+him, and he soon sank into a state of mental imbecility. He would wander
+about his library, take down a book, look into it, and then put it back
+again, but was incapable of work. When Mr. Murray sent him the octavo
+edition of the "Peninsular War," his wife answered:
+
+_Mrs. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+GRETA HALL, _May_ 15, 1840.
+
+If the word _pleasure_ were not become to me as a _dead letter, I_
+should tell you with how much I took possession of your kind gift. But I
+_may_ tell you truly that it gratified, and more than gratified me, by
+giving pleasure to my dear husband, as a token of your regard for him,
+so testified towards myself. The time is not far passed when we should
+have rejoiced together like children over such an acquisition.
+
+Yours very truly and thankfully,
+
+CAR. SOUTHEY.
+
+_May_ 23, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Very cordially I return your friendly salutations, feeling, as I do,
+that every manifestation of kindness for my husband's sake is more
+precious to me than any I could receive for my own exclusively.
+Two-and-twenty years ago, when he wished to put into your hands, as
+publisher, a first attempt of mine, of which he thought better than it
+deserved, he little thought in that so doing he was endeavouring to
+forward the interests of his future wife; of her for whom it was
+appointed (a sad but honoured lot) to be the companion of his later
+days, over which it has pleased God to cast the "shadow before" of that
+"night in which no man can work." But twelve short months ago he was
+cheerfully anticipating (in the bright buoyancy of his happy nature) a
+far other companionship for the short remainder of our earthly sojourn;
+never forgetting, however, that ours must be short at the longest, and
+that "in the midst of life we are in death." He desires me to thank you
+for your kind expressions towards him, and to be most kindly remembered
+to you. Your intimation of the favourable progress of his 8vo "Book of
+the Church" gave him pleasure, and he thanks you for so promptly
+attending to his wishes about a neatly bound set of his "Peninsular
+War." Accept my assurances of regard, and believe me to be, dear Sir,
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+CAROLINE SOUTHEY.
+
+On September 17, 1840, Mr. Murray sent to Mr. Southey a draft for £259,
+being the balance for his "Book of the Church," and informed him that he
+would be pleased to know that another edition was called for. Mrs.
+Southey replied:
+
+_Mrs. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+"He made no remark on your request to be favoured with any suggestions
+he might have to offer. _My_ sad persuasion is that Robert Southey's
+works have received their last revision and correction from his mind and
+pen."
+
+GRETA HALL, _October 5_, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I will not let another post go out, without conveying to you my thanks
+for your very kind letter last night received. It will gratify you to
+know that its contents (the copy of the critique included), aroused and
+fixed Mr. Southey's attention more than anything that has occurred for
+months past--gratifying him, I believe, far more than anything more
+immediately concerning himself could have done. "Tell Murray," he said,
+"I am very much obliged to him." It is long since he has sent a message
+to friend or relation.
+
+Now let me say for myself that I am very thankful to _you_--very
+thankful to my indulgent reviewer--and that if I could yet feel interest
+about anything of my own writing, I should be pleased and encouraged by
+his encomium--as well as grateful for it. But if it did _not sound
+thanklessly_, I should say, "too late--too late--it comes too late!"
+and that bitter feeling came upon me so suddenly, as my eyes fell upon
+the passage in question, that they overflowed with tears before it was
+finished.
+
+But he _did take interest in_ it, at least for a few moments, and so it
+was not _quite_ too late; and (doing as I _know he would have me)_, I
+shall act upon your most _kind_ and _friendly_ advice, and transmit it
+to Blackwood, who will, I doubt not, be willingly guided by it.
+
+It was one of my husband's pleasant visions before our marriage, and his
+favourite prospect, to publish a volume of poetry conjointly with me,
+not weighing the disproportion of talent.
+
+I must tell you that immediately on receiving the _Review_, I should
+have written to express my sense of your kindness, and of the flattering
+nature of the critique; but happening to _tell_ Miss Southey and her
+brother that you had sent it me, as I believed, as an obliging personal
+attention, they assured me I was mistaken, and that the numbers were
+only intended for "their set." Fearing, therefore, to arrogate to myself
+more than was designed for me, I kept silence; and now expose _my
+simplicity_ rather than _leave_ myself _open_ to the imputation of
+unthankfulness. Mr. Southey desires to be very kindly remembered to you,
+and I am, my dear Sir,
+
+Very thankfully and truly yours, Car. Southey.
+
+P.S.--I had almost forgotten to thank you for so kindly offering to send
+the _Review_ to any friends of mine, I may wish to gratify. I _will_
+accept the proffered favour, and ask you to send one addressed to Miss
+Burnard, Shirley, Southampton, Hants. The other members of my family and
+most of my friends take the _Q.R._, or are sure of seeing it. This last
+number is an excellent one.
+
+Southey died on March 21, 1843. The old circle of friends was being
+sadly diminished. "Disease and death," his old friend Thomas Mitchell,
+one of the survivors of the early contributors to the _Quarterly_, wrote
+to Murray, "seem to be making no small havoc among our literary
+men--Maginn, Cunningham, Basil Hall, and poor Southey, worst of all.
+Lockhart's letters of late have made me very uneasy, too, about him. Has
+he yet returned from Scotland, and is he at all improved?" Only a few
+months later Mr. Murray himself was to be called away from the scene of
+his life's activity. In the autumn of 1842 his health had already begun
+to fail rapidly, and he had found it necessary to live much out of
+London, and to try various watering-places; but although he rallied at
+times sufficiently to return to his business for short periods, he never
+recovered, and passed away in sleep on June 27, 1843, at the age of
+sixty-five.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+JOHN MURRAY AS A PUBLISHER
+
+
+In considering the career of John Murray, the reader can hardly fail to
+be struck with the remarkable manner in which his personal qualities
+appeared to correspond with the circumstances out of which he built his
+fortunes.
+
+When he entered his profession, the standard of conduct in every
+department of life connected with the publishing trade was determined by
+aristocratic ideas. The unwritten laws which regulated the practice of
+bookselling in the eighteenth century were derived from the Stationers'
+Company. Founded as it had been on the joint principles of commercial
+monopoly and State control, this famous organization had long lost its
+old vitality. But it had bequeathed to the bookselling community a large
+portion of its original spirit, both in the practice of cooperative
+publication which produced the "Trade Books," so common in the last
+century, and in that deep-rooted belief in the perpetuity of copyright,
+which only received its death-blow from the celebrated judgment of the
+House of Lords in the case of Donaldson _v_. Becket in 1774. Narrow and
+exclusive as they may have been in their relation to the public
+interest, there can be no doubt that these traditions helped to
+constitute, in the dealings of the booksellers among themselves, a
+standard of honour which put a certain curb on the pursuit of private
+gain. It was this feeling which provoked such intense indignation in the
+trade against the publishers who took advantage of their strict legal
+rights to invade what was generally regarded as the property of their
+brethren; while the sense of what was due to the credit, as well as to
+the interest, of a great organized body, made the associated
+booksellers zealous in the promotion of all enterprises likely to add to
+the fame of English literature.
+
+Again, there was something, in the best sense of the word, aristocratic
+in the position of literature itself. Patronage, indeed, had declined.
+The patron of the early days of the century, who, like Halifax, sought
+in the Universities or in the London Coffee-houses for literary talent
+to strengthen the ranks of political party, had disappeared, together
+with the later and inferior order of patron, who, after the manner of
+Bubb Dodington, nattered his social pride by maintaining a retinue of
+poetical clients at his country seat. The nobility themselves, absorbed
+in politics or pleasure, cared far less for letters than their fathers
+in the reigns of Anne and the first two Georges. Hence, as Johnson said,
+the bookseller had become the Maecenas of the age; but not the
+bookseller of Grub Street. To be a man of letters was no longer a
+reproach. Johnson himself had been rewarded with a literary pension, and
+the names of almost all the distinguished scholars of the latter part of
+the eighteenth century--Warburton, the two Wartons, Lowth, Burke, Hume,
+Gibbon, Robertson--belong to men who either by birth or merit were in a
+position which rendered them independent of literature as a source of
+livelihood. The author influenced the public rather than the public the
+author, while the part of the bookseller was restricted to introducing
+and distributing to society the works which the scholar had designed.
+
+Naturally enough, from such conditions arose a highly aristocratic
+standard of taste. The centre of literary judgment passed from the
+half-democratic society of the Coffee-house to the dining-room of
+scholars like Cambridge or Beauclerk; and opinion, formed from the
+brilliant conversation at such gatherings as the Literary Club;
+afterwards circulated among the public either in the treatises of
+individual critics, or in the pages of the two leading Monthly Reviews.
+The society from which it proceeded, though not in the strict sense of
+the word fashionable, was eminently refined and widely representative;
+it included the politician, the clergyman, the artist, the connoisseur,
+and was permeated with the necessary leaven of feminine intuition,
+ranging from the observation of Miss Burney or the vivacity of Mrs.
+Thrale, to the stately morality of Mrs. Montagu and Mrs. Hannah More.
+
+On the other hand, the whole period of Murray's life as a publisher,
+extending, to speak broadly, from the first French Revolution to almost
+the eve of the French Revolution of 1848, was characterized in a marked
+degree by the advance of Democracy. In all directions there was an
+uprising of the spirit of individual liberty against the prescriptions
+of established authority. In Politics the tendency is apparent in the
+progress of the Reform movement. In Commerce it was marked by the
+inauguration of the Free Trade movement. In Literature it made itself
+felt in the great outburst of poetry at the beginning of the century,
+and in the assertion of the superiority of individual genius to the
+traditional laws of form.
+
+The effect produced by the working of the democratic spirit within the
+aristocratic constitution of society and taste may without exaggeration
+be described as prodigious. At first sight, indeed, there seems to be a
+certain abruptness in the transition from the highly organized society
+represented in Boswell's "Life of Johnson," to the philosophical
+retirement of Wordsworth and Coleridge. It is only when we look beneath
+the surface that we see the old traditions still upheld by a small class
+of Conservative writers, including Campbell, Rogers, and Crabbe, and, as
+far as style is concerned, by some of the romantic innovators, Byron,
+Scott, and Moore. But, generally speaking, the age succeeding the first
+French Revolution exhibits the triumph of individualism. Society itself
+is penetrated by new ideas; literature becomes fashionable; men of
+position are no longer ashamed to be known as authors, nor women of
+distinction afraid to welcome men of letters in their drawing-rooms. On
+all sides the excitement and curiosity of the times is reflected in the
+demand for poems, novels, essays, travels, and every kind of imaginative
+production, under the name of _belles lettres_.
+
+A certain romantic spirit of enterprise shows itself in Murray's
+character at the very outset of his career. Tied to a partner of a petty
+and timorous disposition, he seizes an early opportunity to rid himself
+of the incubus. With youthful ardour he begs of a veteran author to be
+allowed the privilege of publishing, as his first undertaking, a work
+which he himself genuinely admired. He refuses to be bound by mere
+trading calculations. "The business of a publishing bookseller," he
+writes to a correspondent, "is not in his shop, or even in his
+connections, but in his brains." In all his professional conduct a
+largeness of view is apparent. A new conception of the scope of his
+trade seems early to have risen in his mind, and he was perhaps the
+first member of the Stationers' craft to separate the business of
+bookselling from that of publishing. When Constable in Edinburgh sent
+him "a miscellaneous order of books from London," he replied: "Country
+orders are a branch of business which I have ever totally declined as
+incompatible with my more serious plans as a publisher."
+
+With ideas of this kind, it may readily be imagined that Murray was not
+what is usually called "a good man of business," a fact of which he was
+well aware, as the following incident, which occurred in his later
+years, amusingly indicates.
+
+The head of one of the larger firms with which he dealt came in person
+to Albemarle Street to receive payment of his account. This was duly
+handed to him in bills, which, by some carelessness, he lost on his way
+home, He thereupon wrote to Mr. Murray, requesting him to advertise in
+his own name for the lost property. Murray's reply was as follows:
+
+TWICKENHAM, _October_ 26, 1841.
+
+MY DEAR-----,
+
+I am exceedingly sorry for the vexatious, though, I hope, only temporary
+loss which you have met with; but I have so little character for being a
+man of business, that if the bills were advertised in _my_ name it would
+be publicly confirming the suspicion--but in your own name, it will be
+only considered as a very extraordinary circumstance, and I therefore
+give my impartial opinion in favour of the latter mode. Remaining, my
+dear-----,
+
+Most truly yours,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+The possession of ordinary commercial shrewdness, however, was by no
+means the quality most essential for successful publishing at the
+beginning of the nineteenth century. Both Constable and Ballantyne were
+men of great cleverness and aptitude for business; but, wanting certain
+higher endowments, they were unable to resist the whirl of excitement
+accompanying an unprecedented measure of financial success. Their ruin
+was as rapid as their rise. To Murray, on the other hand, perhaps their
+inferior in the average arts of calculation, a vigorous native sense,
+tempering a genuine enthusiasm for what was excellent in literature,
+gave precisely that mixture of dash and steadiness which was needed to
+satisfy the complicated requirements of the public taste.
+
+A high sense of rectitude is apparent in all his business transactions;
+and Charles Knight did him no more than justice in saying that he had
+"left an example of talent and honourable conduct which would long be a
+model for those who aim at distinction in the profession." He would have
+nothing to do with what was poor and shabby. When it was suggested to
+him, as a young publisher, that his former partner was ready to bear
+part of the risk in a contemplated undertaking, he refused to associate
+his fortunes with a man who conducted his business on methods that he
+did not approve. "I cannot allow my name to stand with his, because he
+undersells all other publishers at the regular and advertised prices."
+Boundless as was his admiration for the genius of Scott and Byron, he
+abandoned one of the most cherished objects of his ambition-to be the
+publisher of new works by the author of "Waverley"--rather than involve
+himself further in transactions which he foresaw must lead to discredit
+and disaster; and, at the risk of a quarrel, strove to recall Byron to
+the ways of sound literature, when through his wayward genius he seemed
+to be drifting into an unworthy course.
+
+In the same way, when the disagreement between the firms of Constable
+and Longmans seemed likely to turn to his own advantage, instead of
+making haste to seize the golden opportunity, he exerted himself to
+effect a reconciliation between the disputants, by pointing out what he
+considered the just and reasonable view of their mutual interests. The
+letters which, on this occasion, he addressed respectively to Mr. A.G.
+Hunter, to the Constables, and to the Longmans, are models of good sense
+and manly rectitude. Nor was his conduct to Constable, after the
+downfall of the latter, less worthy of admiration. Deeply as Constable
+had injured him by the reckless conduct of his business, Murray not
+only retained no ill-feeling against him, but, anxious simply to help a
+brother in misfortune, resigned in his favour, in a manner full of the
+most delicate consideration, his own claim to a valuable copyright. The
+same warmth of heart and disinterested friendship appears in his efforts
+to re-establish the affairs of the Robinsons after the failure of that
+firm. Yet, remarkable as he was for his loyalty to his comrades, he was
+no less distinguished by his spirit and independence. No man without a
+very high sense of justice and self-respect could have conducted a
+correspondence on a matter of business in terms of such dignified
+propriety as Murray employed in addressing Benjamin Disraeli after the
+collapse of the _Representative_. It is indeed a proof of power to
+appreciate character, remarkable in so young a man, that Disraeli
+should, after all that had passed between them, have approached Murray
+in his capacity of publisher with complete confidence. He knew that he
+was dealing with a man at once shrewd and magnanimous, and he gave him
+credit for understanding how to estimate his professional interest apart
+from his sense of private injury.
+
+Perhaps his most distinguishing characteristic as a publisher was his
+unfeigned love of literature for its own sake. His almost romantic
+admiration for genius and its productions raised him above the
+atmosphere of petty calculation. Not unfrequently it of course led him
+into commercial mistakes, and in his purchase of Crabbe's "Tales" he
+found to his cost that his enthusiastic appreciation of that author's
+works and the magnificence of his dealings with him were not the measure
+of the public taste. Yet disappointments of this kind in no way
+embittered his temper, or affected the liberality with which he treated
+writers like Washington Irving, of whose powers he had himself once
+formed a high conception. The mere love of money indeed was never an
+absorbing motive in Murray's commercial career, otherwise it is certain
+that his course in the suppression of Byron's Memoirs would have been
+something very different to that which he actually pursued. On the
+perfect letter which he wrote to Scott, presenting him with his fourth
+share in "Marmion," the best comment is the equally admirable letter in
+which Scott returned his thanks. The grandeur--for that seems the
+appropriate word--of his dealings with men of high genius, is seen in
+his payments to Byron, while his confidence in the solid value of
+literary excellence appears from the fact that, when the _Quarterly_ was
+not paying its expenses, he gave Southey for his "Life of Nelson" double
+the usual rate of remuneration. No doubt his lavish generosity was
+politic as well as splendid. This, and the prestige which he obtained as
+Byron's publisher, naturally drew to him all that was vigorous and
+original in the intellect of the day, so that there was a general desire
+among young authors to be introduced to the public under his auspices.
+The relations between author and publisher which had prevailed in the
+eighteenth century were, in his case, curiously inverted, and, in the
+place of a solitary scholar like Johnson, surrounded by an association
+of booksellers, the drawing-room of Murray now presented the remarkable
+spectacle of a single publisher acting as the centre of attraction to a
+host of distinguished writers.
+
+In Murray the spirit of the eighteenth century seemed to meet and
+harmonize with the spirit of the nineteenth. Enthusiasm, daring,
+originality, and freedom from conventionality made him eminently a man
+of his time, and, in a certain sense, he did as much as any of his
+contemporaries to swell that movement in his profession towards complete
+individual liberty which had been growing almost from the foundation of
+the Stationers' Company. On the other hand, in his temper, taste, and
+general principles, he reflected the best and most ancient traditions of
+his craft. Had his life been prolonged, he would have witnessed the
+disappearance in the trade of many institutions which he reverenced and
+always sought to develop. Some of them, indeed, vanished in his own
+life-time. The old association of booksellers, with its accompaniment of
+trade-books, dwindled with the growth of the spirit of competition and
+the greater facility of communication, so that, long before his death,
+the co-operation between the booksellers of London and Edinburgh was no
+more than a memory. Another institution which had his warm support was
+the Sale dinner, but this too has all but succumbed, of recent years, to
+the existing tendency for new and more rapid methods of conducting
+business. The object of the Sale dinner was to induce the great
+distributing houses and the retail booksellers to speculate, and buy an
+increased supply of books on special terms. Speculation has now almost
+ceased in consequence of the enormous number of books published, which
+makes it difficult for a bookseller to keep a large stock of any single
+work, and renders the life of a new book so precarious that the demand
+for it may at any moment come to a sudden stop.
+
+The country booksellers--a class in which Murray was always deeply
+interested--are dying out. Profits on books being cut down to a minimum,
+these tradesmen find it almost impossible to live by the sale of books
+alone, and are forced to couple this with some other kind of business.
+
+The apparent risk involved in Murray's extraordinary spirit of adventure
+was in reality diminished by the many checks which in his day operated
+on competition, and by the high prices then paid for ordinary books. Men
+were at that time in the habit of forming large private libraries, and
+furnishing them with the sumptuous editions of travels and books of
+costly engraving issued from Murray's press. The taste of the time has
+changed. Collections of books have been superseded, as a fashion, by
+collections of pictures, and the circulating library encourages the
+habit of reading books without buying them. Cheap bookselling, the
+characteristic of the age, has been promoted by the removal of the tax
+on paper, and by the fact that paper can now be manufactured out of
+refuse at a very low cost. This cheapness, the ideal condition for which
+Charles Knight sighed, has been accompanied by a distinct deterioration
+in the taste and industry of the general reader. The multiplication of
+reviews, magazines, manuals, and abstracts has impaired the love of, and
+perhaps the capacity for, study, research, and scholarship on which the
+general quality of literature must depend. Books, and even knowledge,
+like other commodities, may, in proportion to the ease with which they
+are obtained, lose at once both their external value and their intrinsic
+merit.
+
+Murray's professional success is sufficient evidence of the extent of
+his intellectual powers. The foregoing Memoir has confined itself almost
+exclusively to an account of his life as a publisher, and it has been
+left to the reader's imagination to divine from a few glimpses how much
+of this success was due to force of character and a rare combination of
+personal qualities. A few concluding words on this point may not be
+inappropriate.
+
+Quick-tempered and impulsive, he was at the same time warm-hearted and
+generous to a fault, while a genuine sense of humour, which constantly
+shows itself in his letters, saved him many a time from those troubles
+into which the hasty often fall. "I wish," wrote George Borrow, within a
+short time of the publisher's death, "that all the world were as gay as
+he."
+
+He was in some respects indolent, and not infrequently caused serious
+misunderstandings by his neglect to answer letters; but when he did
+apply himself to work, he achieved results more solid than most of his
+compeers. He had, moreover, a wonderful power of attraction, and both in
+his conversation and correspondence possessed a gift of felicitous
+expression which rarely failed to arouse a sympathetic response in those
+whom he addressed. Throughout "the trade" he was beloved, and he rarely
+lost a friend among those who had come within his personal influence.
+
+He was eager to look for, and quick to discern, any promise of talent in
+the young. "Every one," he would say, "has a book in him, or her, if one
+only knew how to extract it," and many was the time that he lent a
+helping hand to those who were first entering on a literary career.
+
+To his remarkable powers as a host, the many descriptions of his dinner
+parties which have been preserved amply testify; he was more than a mere
+entertainer, and took the utmost pains so to combine and to place his
+guests as best to promote sympathetic conversation and the general
+harmony of the gathering. Among the noted wits and talkers, moreover,
+who assembled round his table he was fully able to hold his own in
+conversation and in repartee.
+
+On one occasion Lady Bell was present at one of these parties, and
+wrote: "The talk was of wit, and Moore gave specimens. Charles thought
+that our host Murray said the best things that brilliant night."
+
+Many of the friends whose names are most conspicuous in these pages had
+passed away before him, but of those who remained there was scarcely one
+whose letters do not testify to the general affection with which he was
+regarded. We give here one or two extracts from letters received during
+his last illness.
+
+Thomas Mitchell wrote to Mr. Murray's son:
+
+"Give my most affectionate remembrances to your father. More than once I
+should have sunk under the ills of life but for his kind support and
+countenance, and so I believe would many others say besides myself. Be
+his maladies small or great, assure him that he has the earnest
+sympathies of one who well knows and appreciates his sterling merits."
+
+Sir Francis Palgrave, who had known Mr. Murray during the whole course
+of his career, wrote to him affectionately of "the friendship and
+goodwill which," said he, "you have borne towards me during a period of
+more than half my life. I am sure," he added, "as we grow older we find
+day by day the impossibility of finding _any_ equivalent for old
+friends." Sharon Turner also, the historian, was most cordial in his
+letters.
+
+"Our old friends," he said, "are dropping off so often that it becomes
+more and more pleasing to know that some still survive whom we esteem
+and by whom we are not forgotten.... Certainly we can look back on each
+other now for forty years, and I can do so as to you with great pleasure
+and satisfaction, when, besides the grounds of private satisfaction and
+esteem, I think of the many works of great benefit to society which you
+have been instrumental in publishing, and in some instances of
+suggesting and causing. You have thus made your life serviceable to the
+world as well as honourable to yourself.... You are frequently in my
+recollections, and always with those feelings which accompanied our
+intercourse in our days of health and activity. May every blessing
+accompany you and yours, both here and hereafter."
+
+It was not only in England that his loss was felt, for the news of his
+death called forth many tokens of respect and regard from beyond the
+seas, and we will close these remarks with two typical extracts from the
+letters of American correspondents.
+
+To Mr. Murray's son, Dr. Robinson of New York summed up his qualities in
+these words:
+
+"I have deeply sympathised with the bereaved family at the tidings of
+the decease of one of whom I have heard and read from childhood, and to
+whose kindness and friendship I had recently been myself so much
+indebted. He has indeed left you a rich inheritance, not only by his
+successful example in business and a wide circle of friends, but also
+in that good name which is better than all riches. He lived in a
+fortunate period--his own name is inseparably connected with one of the
+brightest eras of English literature--one, too, which, if not created,
+was yet developed and fostered by his unparalleled enterprise and
+princely liberality. I counted it a high privilege to be connected with
+him as a publisher, and shall rejoice in continuing the connection with
+his son and successor."
+
+
+Mrs. L.H. Sigourney wrote from Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.:
+
+"Your father's death is a loss which is mourned on this side of the
+Atlantic. His powerful agency on the patronage of a correct literature,
+which he was so well qualified to appreciate, has rendered him a
+benefactor in that realm of intellect which binds men together in all
+ages, however dissevered by political creed or local prejudice. His
+urbanity to strangers is treasured with gratitude in many hearts. To me
+his personal kindness was so great that I deeply regretted not having
+formed his acquaintance until just on the eve of my leaving London. But
+his parting gifts are among the chief ornaments of my library, and his
+last letter, preserved as a sacred autograph, expresses the kindness of
+a friend of long standing, and promises another 'more at length,' which,
+unfortunately, I had never the happiness of receiving."
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abercorn, Marq. and Marchioness of,
+Allegra, death of; buried at Harrow,
+Athenaeum Club,
+Austen, Miss Jane, "Northanger
+  Abbey,"; Novels published
+  by Murray,
+Austria, Empress of,
+
+Baillie, Miss Joanna,
+Ballantyne & Co. (John & James),
+  bill transactions with Murray;
+  partnership with
+  Scott; proposed edition of
+  "British Novelists,"; Works
+  of De Foe; James B. meets
+  Murray at Boroughbridge;
+  appointed Edinburgh agents for
+  _Q.R._; views on _Q.R._;
+  close alliance with Murray;
+  financial difficulties;
+  breach with Murray; failure
+  of _Edinburgh Ann. Reg_.;
+  "Waverley,"; "Lord of the
+  Isles,"; "Don Roderick,";
+  Scott's proposed letters
+  from the Continent; proposal
+  to Murray and Blackwood
+  about Scott's works; in
+  debt to Scott; "Tales of
+  my Landlord," "The Black
+  Dwarf,"; bankruptcy;
+  death of John Ballantyne,
+Barker, Miss,
+Barrow, Sir John, induced by
+  Canning to write for _Q. R_.;
+  visit to Gifford; consulted
+  by Murray about voyages or
+  travels; nicknamed "Chronometer"
+  by B. Disraeli,
+Bartholdy, Baron,
+Barton, Bernard,
+Basevi, junr., George,
+Bastard, Capt.,
+Beattie, Dr.,
+Bedford, Grosvenor,
+Bell, Lady,
+Bell & Bradfute,
+Bellenden, Mary,
+Belzoni, Giovanni,
+Berry, Miss, edits "Horace Walpole's
+  Reminiscences,"
+Blackwood, William, appointed
+  Murray's Agent for Scotland;
+  visits Murray; intimacy with
+  Murray; early career;
+  threatens Constable with proceedings
+  for printing Byron's
+  "Poems,"; refuses to sell
+  "Don Juan,"; alliance and
+  correspondence with Murray;
+  Ballantyne's proposals
+  about Scott's works; _Blackwood's
+  Magazine_ started;
+  Murray's remonstrance about the
+  personality of articles;
+  Hazlitts libel action;
+  interested with Murray in various
+  works,
+_Blackwood's Magazine_ started
+  (first called _Edinburgh Magazine_);
+  article attacking
+  Byron; "Ancient Chaldee
+  MS.,"; "The Cockney
+  School of Poetry,"; personality
+  of articles,;
+  "Hypocrisy Unveiled," etc.;
+  Murray retires from--Cadell and
+  Davies appointed London Agents
+  for,
+Blessington, Countess of, "Conversations
+  with Lord Byron,"
+Blewitt, Octavian,
+Borrow, George,
+  his youth;
+  capacity for learning languages;
+  appointed Agent to the Bible Society--Russia, Norway, Turkey and Spain,
+  his translation of the Bible;
+  called Lavengro,
+  his splendid physique,
+  "Gypsies of Spain,"
+  "The Bible in Spain,"
+  as a horse-breaker,
+  remarks on Allan Cunningham's death,
+  asked to become a member of the Royal Institution,
+"Boswell's Johnson,"
+  Croker's edition of,
+Bray, Mrs.,
+Brockedon, William,
+  his portrait of the Countess Guiccioli,
+  his help in Murray's Handbooks,
+Brougham, Lord,
+  his article in _Ed. Rev._ on Dr. Young's theory of light,
+  Chairman of the Society for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
+Broughton, Lord, _see_ Hobhouse.
+Buccleuch, Duke of,
+  his present of a farm to James Hogg,
+Butler, Charles,
+  "Books on the R. Cath. Church,"
+Burney, Dr.,
+Buxton, Thos. Powell,
+  "Slave Trade and its Remedy,"
+Byron, Lord,
+  first association and meeting with Murray,
+  "Childe Harold,"
+  presented to Prince Regent,
+  friendship with Scott,
+  "Giaour," "Bride of Abydos,"
+  "Corsair,"
+  "Ode to Napoleon,"
+  "Lara,"
+  marriage,
+  meets Scott at Murray's house,
+  remarks on Battle of Waterloo,
+  portrait by Phillips,
+  kindness to Maturin,
+  dealings with Murray,
+  residence in Piccadilly,
+  pecuniary embarrassments,
+  Murray's generous offer,
+  Murray's remonstrance,
+  "Siege of Corinth" and "Parisina,"
+  separation from wife,
+  sale of effects,
+  "Sketch from Private Life,"
+  leaves England,
+  "Childe Harold" and "Prisoner of Chillon,"
+  remarks on Scott's Review of "Childe Harold," Canto III.,
+  "Manfred,"
+  attack of fever at Venice,
+  "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+  visit from Hobhouse,
+  his bust by Thorwaldsen,
+  correspondence with Murray in 1817 to 1822,
+  "Beppo,"
+  Frere's "Whistlecraft,"
+  at Venice,
+  opinion of Southey,
+  "Don Juan," Cantos I. and II.;
+  Murray's suggestions as to,
+  hatred of Romilly,
+  "Letter of Julia,"
+  "Mazeppa," "Ode to Venice,"
+  Copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  Countess Guiccioli: proposal to visit S. America,
+  "Don Juan," Cantos III. and IV.,
+  "Don Juan," Canto V.,
+  Murray's refusal to publish further Cantos of "Don Juan,"
+  "My boy Hobby O!"
+  Hobhouse's anger,
+  Whig Club at Cambridge,
+  pamphlet on "Bowles' strictures,"
+  "Sardanapalus,"
+  "The Two Foscari," "Cain, a Mystery,"
+  injunction in case of "Cain,"
+  death and burial of Allegra,
+  illness, and last letter to Murray,
+  adopts Hato or Hatagée,
+  the Suliotes incident,
+  death: Murray's application for his burial in Westminster Abbey refused,
+  Memoirs and Moore,
+  destruction of Memoirs,
+  agreement between Moore and Murray,
+  Moore undertakes to write "Life,"
+  Murray's negotiations with Moore as to "Life,"
+  agreement as to "Life,"
+  Vol. I. of "Life" published,
+  Vol. II.,
+  Murray's proposed edition of his works,
+  Thorwaldsen's statue refused by Dean of Westminster,
+  attempt to alter Dean's decision;
+  the statue placed in library of Trinity College, Cambridge,
+Byron, Lady, her offer to Murray
+  for redemption of Byron's Memoirs,
+
+Cadell & Davies, appointed London Agents
+  for _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Callcott, Lady, _see_ Graham, Mrs.
+Campbell, Thomas, "Pleasures o
+  Hope," "Hohenlinden," "The
+  Exile of Erin," "Ye Mariners of
+  England," "Battle of the Baltic,"
+  "Lochiel's Warning"; correspondence
+  with Scott; intimacy
+  with Murray;
+  proposed "Selection from British
+  Poets"; "Gertrude
+  of Wyoming"; Lectures on
+  Poetry; "Now Barabbas
+  was a Publisher"; his
+  opinion of Mrs. Hemans's "Records
+  of Woman,"
+Canning, George, starts _Anti-Jacobin_;
+  assists in starting _Quarterly Review_;
+  article in _Q.R._ on "Austrian
+  State Papers"; on Spain;
+  views on the Royal Society
+  of Literature; opinion of
+  "Waverley"; letters from
+  Gifford; called "X."
+  by Benjamin Disraeli,
+Canning, Stratford, "The Miniature";
+  connection with
+  _Q.R._; introduces Gifford
+  to Murray; his mission to
+  Constantinople,
+Carlyle, Thomas, recommended to
+  Murray by Lord Jeffrey;
+  correspondence with Murray
+  about "Sartor Resartus";
+  "Sartor Resartus" declined
+  by other publishers;
+  returns to Craigenputtock;
+  "Sartor Resartus" published in
+  _Fraser's Magazine_, and, through
+  Emerson's influence, in United
+  States,
+Cawthorn, publisher of "English
+  Bards and Scotch Reviewers,"
+Cervetto,
+Chantrey, Sir F., calls Murray "a
+  brother Cyclops," _note_
+Chesterfield, Lord,
+Cleghorn, James, Editor of _Blackwood's
+  Magazine_,
+Colburn, the publisher, "Vivian
+  Grey"; declines "Sartor
+  Resartus,"
+Coleridge, John Taylor; appointed
+  Editor to _Quarterly
+  Review_; wishes to resign
+  editorship,
+Coleridge, Samuel Taylor;
+  correspondence with Murray;
+  Goethe's "Faust";
+  "Wallenstein"; "The
+  Friend"; "Remorse,"
+  "Glycine," "Christabel,"
+  "Christmas Tale," "Zapolya";
+  opinion of Frere,
+Colman's Comedy, "John Bull,"
+Colquhoun, Rt. Hon. J.C. (Lord
+  Advocate),
+Colquhoun, John, "The Moor and
+  the Loch"; correspondence
+  with Murray; dissatisfaction
+  with Blackwood; visit to
+  London and interview with
+  Murray,
+Constable, Archibald (Constable &
+  Co.); _Farmer's Magazine,
+  Scots Magazine, Edinburgh
+  Review_; his partner,
+  A.G. Hunter; appointed
+  Murray's agent; "Sir Tristram"
+  and "Lay of the Last
+  Minstrel"; breach with
+  Longman; injunction as to
+  _Edin. Rev._ obtained by Longman;
+  letter from Jeffrey;
+  Murray's remonstrances as to
+  drawing bills;
+  establishes London House;
+  breach with Murray;
+  final breach with Murray;
+  fresh alliance with Scott;
+  Campbell's "Selections from the British Poets";
+  Poems by Byron on his Domestic Circumstances;
+  Mrs. Markham's "History of England";
+  bankruptcy;
+  renews friendship with Murray;
+  death,
+Cooper, James Fenimore,
+Coplestone,
+Copyright Bill, the, Mr. Gladstone's remarks on,
+Coxe, Archdeacon,
+Crabbe, "Tales of the Hall," and other poems,
+Creech and Elliot
+Croker, Crofton
+Croker, John Wilson,
+  visit to Prince Regent,
+  portrait by Eddis,
+  "Stories for Children on Hist. of England",
+  on "Don Juan" and Byron,
+  takes charge of _Q.R._ during Gifford's illness,
+  views on the _Monthly Register_,
+  edits Lady Hervey's Letters,
+  opinion of the Waldegrave and Walpole Memoirs,
+  edits the Suffolk Papers,
+  edits Mrs. Delany's Letters,
+  Lockhart's opinion of him,
+  "Boswell's Johnson",
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron",
+  Moore's "Life of Lord Fitzgerald"
+Cumberland, Richard,
+  "John de Lancaster"
+Cumming, Thomas
+Cunningham, Allan,
+  "Paul Jones: a Romance",
+  his death,
+  "Memoirs of Sir D. Wilkie",
+  Lockhart's article in _Q.R._ on the "Memoirs"
+Cunningham, Rev. J.W.,
+  and the burial of Allegra at Harrow
+Cuthill
+
+Dacre, Lady (Mrs. Wilmot)
+Dagley (the engraver)
+Dallas, Mr.
+Davies, Annie,
+  Gifford's housekeeper
+Davy, Sir Humphry,
+  "Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing"
+D'Haussez, Baron
+Delany, Mrs.
+De Quincy
+De Staël, Madame,
+  ordered to quit Paris,
+  a frequenter of Murray's drawing-room
+Disraeli, Benjamin,
+  "Aylmer Papillon," "History of Paul Jones",
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  pamphlets on Mining Speculations,
+  connection with Messrs. Powles,
+  partner with Murray and Powles in _Representative_,
+  letters to Murray on the _Representative_ negotiations,
+  description of York Cathedral,
+  visits Lockhart,
+  interview with Scott at Chiefswood,
+  second visit to Scotland, and exertions on behalf of _Representative_
+  drops his connection with _Representative_,
+  "Vivian Grey" and "Contarini Fleming",
+  renewal of correspondence with Murray,
+  travels in Spain, etc.,
+  Radical candidate for Wycombe,
+  attended by Tita (Byron's Gondolier),
+  "Gallomania",
+  publishes reply to criticisms on "Gallomania"
+D'Israeli, Isaac,
+  "Curiosities of Literature",
+  friendship with Murray,
+  "Flim-Flams",
+  birth of his son Benjamin,
+  Murray's marriage-settlement,
+  Trustee,
+  advice about _Q.R._,
+  "Calamities of Authors",
+  "Character of James I.",
+  impromptu on Belzoni,
+  meets Washington Irving at Murray's,
+  consulted by Murray as to _Representative_,
+  proposed pamphlet on his misunderstanding with Murray
+D'Oyley, Rev. Dr.
+Dudley, Lord,
+  his "Letters"
+
+Eastlake, Sir Charles L.,
+  "Translation of Memoirs of the Carbonari",
+  Mrs. Graham's interest in
+Eaton, Mrs.
+Ebrington, Lord
+_Edinburgh Annual Register_
+_Edinburgh Magazine_ and _Review_
+_Edinburgh Review_ started,
+  published by Murray,
+  its great success,
+  injunction obtained by Longman,
+  Jeffrey, editor of,
+  articles on "Marmion",
+  on "Don Cevallos on the Occupation of Spain"
+Eldon, Lord,
+  on copyright of "Cain"
+Elliot, Miss;
+  marries John Murray II.
+Elliot, Charles
+Ellis, George; letters from
+  Scott; friendship with
+  Scott; contributes to _Q.R._;
+  constant critic of the _Q. R_.;
+  article on Spain;
+  on ponderous articles in _Q.R._;
+  advice as to punctuality in
+  issuing _Q. R_.
+Ellis, Sir Henry, "Embassy to China"
+Emerson, friendship with Carlyle
+Erskine, William
+Everett, A.H.
+
+Faber, Rev. G.S.
+Falconer, William, "The Shipwreck";
+  lost at sea
+  "Family Library," works comprising
+Fazakerly's interview with Napoleon
+Ferriar, Dr., on "Apparitions"
+Field, Barron
+Ford's "Dramatic Works"
+Ford, Richard, "Handbook to
+  Spain"; opinion of
+  Borrow
+Foscolo, Ugo
+Fraser, Rev. Alexander
+Fraser, Mr., offers £150 for "Sartor
+  Resartus"
+Frere, John Hookham;
+  Coleridge's opinion of;
+  his marriage; "Whistle-craft"
+Froissart
+
+Galignani
+Garden, Mrs., "Memorials of James Hogg"
+Gifford, William, introduced to
+  Murray; accepts editorship
+  of _Q. R_.; advice from Scott
+  on _Q. R_.; Southey and
+  the _Q. R_.; unpunctuality as
+  editor; at Ryde;
+  George Canning and the _Q. R_.;
+  Southey's "Life of Nelson";
+  Miss A.T. Palmer's bribe;
+  disagreement with Murray;
+  wages war with _Edin. Rev._;
+  relations with Murray;
+  opinion of Pillans; bad health;
+  Murray's present;
+  opinion of W.S. Landor;
+  review of Ford's "Dramatic
+  Works"; on Charles
+  Lamb--his deep grief;
+  opinion of "Childe Harold";
+  illness and death of his
+  housekeeper; opinion of
+  Southey; memorial to his
+  housekeeper; libellous attack
+  on him; opinion of Miss
+  Austen's novels; of Maturin;
+  illness at Dover; Murray
+  gives him a carriage;
+  Byron's "unlordly scrape";
+  edition of "Ben Jonson";
+  illness; Croker
+  akes charge of _Q. R_.;
+  opinion of Milman's "Fall of
+  Jerusalem"; letter to George
+  Canning; resigns editorship;
+  declines Oxford degree;
+  his death and burial in
+  Westminster Abbey; will;
+  character; love for
+  children; venomous attack
+  upon him
+Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W.E., Tory
+  member for Newark; proposal
+  to Murray about "Church
+  and State"; visit to Holland;
+  "Church and State" published,
+  and "Church Principles";
+  letter to Murray on Copyright
+  Bill
+Gleig, Rev. George
+Glenbervie, Lord
+Gooch, Dr., anecdote of Lord Nelson
+Gordon, General Sir Robert
+Graham, Mrs. (Lady Callcott);
+  intimacy with Murray
+Grahame's "British Georgies"
+Grant, Sir Robert; his articles
+  in _Q.R._ on "Character of the late
+  C.J. Fox"
+Greenfield
+Guiccioli, Countess; Murray's
+  kindness to; Brockedon's
+  portrait of
+Gurney, Joseph
+Gurwood, Col., editor of Wellington
+  "Despatches"
+
+Haber, Baron de
+Hall, Capt. Basil
+Hall, Sir James,
+Hall, S.C.,
+Hallam, Henry,
+  friendship with Murray,
+  "Middle Ages,"
+  "Constitutional History,"
+Hamilton, Walter,
+  "East India Gazetteer,"
+  "Description of Hindostan and Adjacent Countries,"
+Hamilton, Sir William,
+"Handbooks," Murray's,
+Hanson, Mr. (Byron's solicitor),
+Hastings, Warren,
+Hato, or Hatagée,
+  Greek child adopted by Byron,
+Hay, R.W.,
+Hazlitt, William,
+  his libellous pamphlet on Gifford,
+  action for libel against Blackwood and Murray,
+Heber, Bishop (Rev. Reginald),
+Heber, Richard,
+Hemans, Mrs.,
+  "Records of Woman,"
+Herschell, Sir John,
+  on Dr. Young's theory of light,
+Hervey, Lady,
+  "Letters, etc.,"
+Highley, Samuel,
+Hoare, Prince,
+  "Epochs of the Arts,"
+Hobhouse, John Cam (Lord Broughton),
+  "Journey through Albania, etc., with Lord Byron,"
+  "Last Reign of Napoleon,"
+  visits Byron at Venice,
+  his inscription for Thorwaldsen's bust of Byron,
+  on Byron's intention to visit S. America,
+  imprisoned for breach of privilege,
+  "My boy Hobby O!"--his account of the Whig Club at Cambridge,
+  Byron's executor,
+  anxiety about a complete edition of Byron's Works,
+Hodgson, Rev. Francis,
+Hogg, James,
+  "Ettrick Shepherd,"
+  "The Queen's Wake,"
+  "The Pilgrims of the Sun,"
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  Duke of Buccleuch gives him a farm,
+  supposed to be author of "Tales of my Landlord,"
+  contributor to _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  said to be author of the "Chaldee Manuscript,"
+  helped by Scott and Murray,
+  "Jacobite Relics of Scotland,"
+Holland, Lord,
+  "Life of Lope de Vega and Inez de Castro,"
+  on Napoleon's treatment at St. Helena,
+  opinion of "Tales of my Landlord,"
+  proposals to Murray about the Waldegrave and Walpole Memoirs,
+Holland, Rev. W. (Canon of Chichester),
+Hope, Thomas,
+  "Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, etc.,"
+Hoppner, Mr.,
+Horton, Sir Robert Wilmot,
+  letter from Murray with particulars of the destruction of
+Byron's Memoirs,
+Howard, Mrs.,
+Hume, Joseph,
+Hunt, John,
+Hunt, Leigh,
+  joint Editor of the _Examiner_,
+  in gaol for libelling Prince Regent,
+  correspondence with Murray about "Story of Rimini,"
+  "Recollections of Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries,"
+Hunter, Alexander G.,
+Hunter, Charles,
+Hurst, Rohinson & Co.,
+
+Inchbald, Mrs.,
+Ireland, Dr. John (Dean of Westminster),
+  proposed burial of Byron in the Abbey,
+  Gifford's executor,
+  Byron's statue,
+Irving, Peter,
+Irving, Washington,
+  account of a dinner at Murray's,
+  "Sketch Book,"
+  "Bracebridge Hall,"
+  letter from Murray as to _Representative_,
+
+Jameson, Mrs.,
+  "Guide to the Picture Galleries of London,"
+Jeffrey, Francis,
+  Editor of _Edinburgh Review,_
+  opinion of Wordsworth, Southey, and Coleridge,
+  Southey's opinion of him,
+  "Don Cevallos on the Occupation of Spain,"
+  party politics in _Ed. Rev_.,
+  recommends Carlyle to Murray,
+  his interview with Murray,
+Jerdan, William
+  his erroneous account in _Literary Gazette_ of destruction
+   of Byron's Memoirs,
+  on Gifford,
+
+Kean, Charles,
+  in "Bertram,"
+  in "Manuel,"
+Keats' "Endymion" reviewed in _Q.R._,
+Kerr, William,
+Kerr, Robert,
+Kinnaird, Honble. Douglas, and "Childe Harold,"
+  letter to Murray,
+Kinneir, Macdonald, "Persia,"
+Kingsburg, Miss Harriet (Mrs. Maturin),
+Knight, Charles,
+  "Library of Entertaining Knowledge,"
+  remarks on Murray's honourable conduct,
+Knight, H. Gally,
+
+Lamb, Lady Caroline,
+  "Glenarvon,"
+  opinion of Byron's works,
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  "Penruddock,"
+  "Ada Reis,"
+Lamb, Charles,
+Lamb, Honble. George,
+Lamb, Honble. William (Lord Melbourne),
+Lamennais' "Paroles d'un Croyant,"
+Landor, W.S., "Remarks upon C.J. Fox's Memoirs,"
+Lauderdale, Lord,
+Lavater on Physiognomy,
+Leigh, Honble. Augusta, her wish that Byron's Memoirs should be
+  destroyed,
+Levinge, Godfrey,
+Leyden's "Africa,"
+Lieven, Prince,
+Lindo, Mr. and Mrs.,
+Llandaff, Bishop of, "Lord Dudley's Letters,"
+Lockhart, John, the "Littlejohn," to whom Scott's "Tales of a
+Grandfather" were addressed,
+Lockhart, John Gibson, contributor to _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  article on "The Cockney School of Poetry,"
+  challenges the anonymous author of "Hypocrisy Unveiled, etc.,"
+  called "M." by B. Disraeli,
+  at Chiefswood,
+  B. Disraeli's visit,
+  editorship of _Representative_ offered to him,
+  Scott's opinion of him, 261, 273
+  accepts editorship of _Q.R._,
+  his success as Editor of _Q.R._,
+  relations with Murray,
+  opinion of Wordsworth's poems,
+  visit to Brighton with Scott,
+  interview with Duke of Wellington,
+  at Abbotsford,
+  Scott's death: writes his "Life,"
+  remarks on Croker's edition of "Boswell's Johnson,"
+  on Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus,"
+  "Life of Napoleon,"
+  opinion of early part of Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+  opinion of "Contarini Fleming,"
+  article on Borrow's "Bible in Spain,"
+  on Wilkie,
+  his illness,
+Longman & Co.,
+  breach with Constable,
+  Murray's intervention,
+  injunction as to _Edin. Rev_.,
+  accept £1,000 for claim on _Edin. Rev_.,
+  Coleridge's "Wallenstein,"
+  offer to Campbell,
+  Crabbe's poems declined,
+  advertise an edition of Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+  injunction granted to Murray,
+  refuse to publish "Sartor Resartus,"
+Longman, Thos., on the danger of reading in bed,
+Lyndhurst, Lord,
+Lyttelton, Lord, "Dialogues of the Dead," "History of King Henry II.,"
+
+Maas, of Coblentz,
+Macaulay, Lord, his articles in _Edin. Rev_., on Crokers's "Boswell's
+Johnson,"
+  Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+Macirone, Col.
+Mackay, the actor
+Mackintosh, Sir James
+Macleod, John,
+  "Voyage of H.M.S. _Alceste_ to Loochoo"
+Macready, W.C.
+Maginn, Dr.
+Magnus, Samuel,
+  his testimonial to Dean Milman
+Mahon, Lord (Earl Stanhope)
+Malcolm, Sir John
+  "Sketch of the Sikhs"
+Malthus,
+  "Rent," "Corn-Laws," "Essay on Population"
+Markham, Mrs.,
+  "History of England"
+Mason, Rev. William (T. Gray's executor)
+  controversy with Murray
+Maturin, Rev. Chas. Robert
+  his early life and marriage; "The Fatal Revenge," "The Wild Irish
+Boy," "The Milesian Chief," "Bertram"
+  "Bertram" at Drury Lane
+  "Manuel"
+  his death
+Maule, William
+Mavrocordato, Prince
+Mawman, Joseph
+Medwin, Capt. Thomas,
+  "Conversations of Lord Byron"
+Melbourne, Lord (_see_ Lamb)
+Mémoires pour servir
+Milbanke, Miss
+Mill, James,
+  "History of British India"
+Mill, John Stuart
+Miller, John
+Miller, Robert
+Miller, William,
+  of Albemarle Street
+Mills, James
+Milman, Dean (Rev. H.H.)
+  "Fall of Jerusalem"
+  one of Murray's Historians
+  "History of Christianity"
+  "History of the Jews" received with disapprobation; his remarks
+on Sharon Turner's Expostulation; testimonial from the Jews
+  opinion of "Contarini Fleming"
+Mirza, Abul Hassan,
+  impressions of English Society
+Mitchell, Thomas
+  impressions of Ugo Foscolo
+  opinion of Murray
+Mitford,
+  "History of Greece"
+_Monthly Register_
+Moore, Thomas
+  opinion of "The Corsair"
+  presented with Byron's Memoirs
+  offers them to Longman
+  accepted by Murray
+  their destruction
+  reconciled to Murray and undertakes "Life of Byron"
+  his views on Cookery Books and on Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic
+Cookery"
+  agreement with Murray as to "Life of Byron," receives £3,000
+from Murray for "Life"
+  Lockhart's opinion of the "Life"
+  Vol. I. of "Life" published
+  Vol. II. of "Life" published; Mrs. Somerville's opinion of it
+  "Thoughts on Editors"
+  Murray's proposal as to a complete edition of Byron's works
+Morgan, Lady
+Morier, James,
+  "Hajji Baba"
+Morritt,
+  of Rokeby Park
+Murat, King of Naples
+Murray, Sir George
+Murray, Joe (Byron's Steward)
+Murray I., John.
+  1745-68--His birth and early years
+  1768--Marriage and retirement from Royal Marines
+    offers partnership to W. Falconer
+    purchases W. Sandby's business
+    early publications
+  1769-70--Support from Sir R. Gordon and his old comrades
+    money difficulties
+    agents in Ireland and Scotland
+  1771--Defence of Sir R. Gordon
+  1777-78--Second marriage
+    controversy with Rev. W. Mason
+  1782-93--Paralytic stroke
+    his son's education and character
+    Dr. Johnson's funeral
+    illness and death
+Murray II., John
+  called by Lord Byron "The Anax of Publishers,"
+  nicknamed "The Emperor of the West,"
+  1778-92--Birth,
+   at Edinburgh High School,
+   at school at Margate,
+   at school at Gosport,
+   sight of one eye destroyed,
+  1793--At school at Kennington,
+  1795--Enters his father's business firm of Murray & Highley,
+  1802--Dissolves partnership with Highley and starts business
+   alone,
+  1803--Offers to publish Colman's Comedy "John Bull,"
+   money difficulties,
+   military duties,
+   friendship with Isaac D'Israeli,
+   Isaac D'Israeli's "Narrative Poems,"
+   business transactions with Constable,
+   appoints Constable his agent in Edinburgh;
+   pushes sale of _Edinburgh Review_,
+  1804--Birth of Benjamin Disraeli,
+   takes Charles Hunter as apprentice,
+  1805--Isaac D'Israeli's letters to him,
+   attempts to reconcile Constable and Longman,
+   expedition to Edinburgh,
+   attachment to Miss Elliot,
+  1806--The "Miniature" and Stratford Canning,
+   introduced to George Canning,
+   close attention to business,
+   visits Edinburgh,
+   engagement to Miss Elliot,
+   financial position,
+   appointed publisher of _Edinburgh Review_,
+   Campbell's proposed Magazine and "Selection from British Poets,"
+  1807--Marries Miss Elliot,
+   I. D'Israeli one of his Trustees,
+   friendship with Sharon Turner,
+   injunction in the matter of the _Edinburgh Review_,
+   remonstrates with Constable about drawing bills,
+   breach with Constable,
+   bill transactions with Ballantyne,
+   writes to George Canning proposing a new Review,
+  1808--"Marmion" and friendship with Scott,
+   proposed edition of the "British Novelists,"
+   De Foe's works,
+   introduced to Gifford by Stratford Canning,
+   visits Scott at Ashestiel,
+   correspondence about _Quarterly Review_,
+   Gifford accepts editorship,
+   Missionary Reports and Southey's article in
+   _Q.R._,
+   article on Spain for _Q.R._ by Canning, Gifford, and Ellis,
+   correspondence with Mrs. Inchbald,
+  1809--Meets Ballantyne at Boroughbridge,
+   appoints Ballantyne Edinburgh publisher
+   of _Q.R._,
+   Scott's _Life of Swift_,
+   _Q.R._, No. 1 published,
+   urges Scott to visit London,
+   letter to Stratford Canning,
+   exertions to procure contributors,
+   Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+   close alliance with Ballantyne,
+   Grahame's "British Georgies" and Scott's "English Ministrelsy,"
+   financial difficulties with Ballantyne,
+   letter from Campbell on "Selection from British Poets,"
+   Campbell's Gertrude of "Wyoming,"
+  1810--Breach with Ballantyne,
+   appoints W. Blackwood his agent in Scotland,
+   Southey's "Life of Nelson,"
+   money difficulties--Ballantyne's bills,
+   transfers printing business,
+   Constable's bills,
+   decrease in circulation of _Q.R._,
+  1811--Relations with Gifford,
+   improvement of _Q.R._,
+   generosity to Gifford,
+   origin of his connection with Byron,
+   "Childe Harold,"
+  1812--Ballantyne's bills again,
+   purchases stock of Miller,
+    of Albemarle Street,
+    removes to Albemarle Street,
+    Constable's bills,
+    final breach with Constable,
+    complete success of _Q.R._
+    refuses "The Rejected Addresses,"
+  1813--"The Giaour," and "The Bride of Abydos,"
+    Sir J. Malcolm,
+    I. D'Israeli's "Calamities of Authors,"
+    Scott's bill transactions,
+    Mme. de Staël at Albemarle Street,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1814--"The Corsair,"
+    "Ode to Napoleon,"
+    "Lara and Jacqueline,"
+    Mrs. Murray's visit to Leith,
+    letters to Mrs. Murray,
+    visit from Blackwood,
+    dines with I. D'Israeli,
+    education of his son John,
+    visit to D'Israeli at Brighton,
+    description of Newstead Abbey,
+    Byron's skull-cup,
+    trip to Edinburgh,
+    alliance with Blackwood,
+    visit to Abbotsford,
+    shares in Scott's "Don Roderick,"
+    correspondence with Coleridge,
+  1815--Drawing-room in Albemarle Street,
+    Mme. de Staël,
+    first meeting of Scott and Byron,
+    Napoleon's escape from Elba,
+    sends first news of Battle of Waterloo to Blackwood,
+    literary parties,
+    portraits of distinguished men,
+    trip to Paris,
+    Scott's proposed letters from the Continent,
+    Napoleon's personal correspondence with crowned heads, etc., of
+ Europe,
+    publishes Miss Austen's "Emma,"
+    begins to publish Malthus' works,
+    correspondence with Leigh Hunt as to the "Story of Rimini,"
+    correspondence with James Hogg,
+    dealings with Byron,
+    his liberal offer to Byron,
+    "Siege of Corinth" and "Parisina,"
+    remonstrates with Byron,
+    correspondence with Blackwood,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1816--Kindness to Rev. C.R. Maturin,
+    Coleridge's "Glycine: a Song," "Remorse," "Zapolya," "Christabel,"
+and "Christmas Tale,"
+    correspondence with Leigh Hunt,
+    Gifford's illness,
+    gives Gifford a carriage,
+    entrusted with sale of Byron's books and furniture,
+    buys some of Byron's books, the large screen (now at Albemarle
+Street), and silver cup,
+    Byron's "Sketch from Private Life,"
+    Byron leaves England,
+    "Childe Harold" and "The Prisoner of Chillon,"
+    letter to Byron on the "Monody on Sheridan,"
+    "Tales of my Landlord,"
+    correspondence with Lady Byron and Lady C. Lamb,
+    Ballantyne's proposal about Scott's works,
+    his assistance to Hogg,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1817--Correspondence with Coleridge,
+    Scott's review of "Childe Harold," Canto III.,
+    letters from Lady C. Lamb,
+    "Manfred,"
+    "Manuscrit venu de Ste. Hèléne,"
+    "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+    Captain Basil Hall's "Fragments of Voyages and Travels,"
+    correspondence with Lady Abercorn,
+    Giovanni Belzoni,
+    Washington Irving at Albemarle Street,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1818--"Beppo,"
+    visit to Scott,
+    "Don Juan," Canto I.,
+    takes share in
+   _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+   remonstrances with Blackwood on the personality of the Magazine
+Articles,
+   the anonymous pamphlet "Hypocrisy Unveiled,"
+   assailed by a pamphlet, entitled "A Letter to Mr. John Murray
+of Albemarle Street, etc.,"
+   Hazlitt's libel action,
+   correspondence with Scott,
+   friendship with Hallam--publishes "Middle Ages,"
+   the proposed _Monthly Register_,
+   Crabbe's "Tales of the Hall," and other poems,
+   Rev. H.H. Milman
+  1819--Campbell's "Selections from British Poets,"
+   suggestions to Byron about "Don Juan," Canto II.,
+   "Mazeppa" and "The Ode to Venice,"
+   Blackwood refuses to sell "Don Juan,"
+   copyright of "Don Juan" infringed--injunction applied for and
+granted;
+   retires from _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+   transfers his Scottish Agency to Oliver and Boyd,
+   Thomas Hope's "Anastasius,"
+   threatened by Colonel Macirone with libel action,
+   verdict in his favour,
+   buys house at Wimbledon,
+   literary levées at Albemarle Street,
+   his acquaintance with Ugo Foscolo
+  1820--"Don Juan, Cantos III. and IV.,"
+   Hobhouse's anger--the "My boy Hobby O!" incident,
+   Milman's "Fall of Jerusalem,"
+   B. Disraeli first mentioned,
+   Washington Irving's "Sketch-Book,"
+   other books published by him during the year
+  1821--Cantos III., IV., and V. of "Don Juan,"
+   refuses to publish further cantos of "Don Juan,"
+   Byron's pamphlet on Bowles,
+   "Sardanapalus,"
+   "The Two Foscari," "Cain, a Mystery,"
+   present with Scott at Coronation of George IV.,
+   injunction in case of "Cain,"
+   accepts Byron's "Memoirs,"
+   Mrs. Graham's letter to him about Sir Charles Eastlake,
+   pirated copies of Byron's works in America and France,
+   injunction obtained restraining sale by Longman of Mrs. Rundell's
+"Domestic Cookery,"
+  1822--Death of Allegra,
+   Milman's "Fall of Jerusalem,"
+   intimacy with Milman,
+   "Bracebridge Hall,"
+   declines James Fenimore Cooper's novels,
+   Ugo Foscolo
+  1823--Giflord's serious illness--difficulty in choosing new Editor
+for the _Q.R._,
+   other books published by him during the year
+  1824--Closing incidents of friendship with Byron,
+   Byron's last letter and illness,
+   Byron's death,
+   correspondence with Dr. Ireland (Dean of Westminster) about Byron's
+burial in Westminster Abbey,
+   destruction of Byron's Memoirs,
+   Moore undertakes "Life of Byron,"
+   Mrs. Markham's "History of England,"
+   a crisis in the _Q.R._,
+   John Taylor Coleridge appointed Editor of _Q.R._;
+   correspondence with B. Disraeli about "Aylmer Papillon"
+1825--Agreement and arrangements regarding proposed morning paper,
+_Representative_,
+   letters from B. Disraeli as to _Representative_,
+   I. D'Israeli's views on the _Representative_,
+   offers editorship of _Representative_ to Lockhart;
+   Scott's opinion of the scheme,
+   secures foreign
+    correspondents for _Representative_,
+    bears the whole expense,
+    appoints Lockhart Editor of _Q.R._ on Coleridge's resignation,
+    letters to him from Scott on Lockhart's fitness for the _Q.R._
+editorship,
+    letters from Lockhart,
+    Hallam's "Constitutional History,"
+    renews friendship with Constable after fifteen years' interval,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1826--_Representative_ started--its utter failure,
+    health breaks down,
+    commercial crisis and failure of large publishing houses, Constable
+ & Co., Ballantyne & Co., Hurst, Robinson & Co., and others,
+    helps London publishers in their difficulties,
+    _Representative_ ceases to exist after career of six months,
+    misunderstanding with I. D'Israeli,
+    intimacy with Lockhart,
+    Wordsworth's proposal to him,
+  1827--Letter from his son describing Scott's acknowledgement of
+the authorship of "Waverley Novels" at the Theatrical Fund dinner in
+Edinburgh,
+    Henry Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus,"
+    buys all Byron's works,
+  1828--Offers Scott £1,250 for copyright of "History of Scotland,"
+    "Tales of a Grandfather,"
+    Napier's "History of Peninsular War,"
+    the "Wellington Despatches,"
+    "Library of Entertaining Knowledge,"
+    negotiations with Moore as to "Life of Byron,"
+  1829--Resigns his share in "Marmion" to Scott,
+    Croker's edition of "Boswell's Johnson,"
+    "The Family Library,"
+  1830--Milman's "History of the Jews,"
+    Moore's "Life of Byron," Vol. I.,
+    renewal of correspondence with B. Disraeli and negotiations with
+him as to "Contarini Fleming: a Psychological Biography,"
+  1831--Moore's "Life of Byron," Vol. II.,
+    Moore's "Thoughts on Editors,"
+    Thomas Carlyle recommended to him by Lord Jeffrey,
+    "Sartor Resartus"--which he ultimately declines to publish,
+  1832--Complete edition of Byron's works,
+    correspondence with Benjamin Disraeli about "Gallomania,"
+  1834--Dean of Westminster refuses his request that Thorwaldsen's
+statue of Byron should be placed in Westminster Abbey,
+  1836--The first Handbook to the Continent (Holland, Belgium, and
+ North Germany), published,
+  1837--Letter to _Morning Chronicle_ on Napier's "History of the
+Peninsular War,"
+  1838--Mr. Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+    T. Powell Buxton's "Slave Trade and its Remedy,"
+    Handbook to Switzerland,
+  1839--Handbook to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark,
+  1840--Mrs. Jameson and her "Guide to the Picture Galleries of
+London,"
+    Handbook to the East,
+    George Borrow,
+    Borrow's "Gypsies of Spain,"
+    Southey's death,
+  1841--Bishop of Llandaff and "Lord Dudley's Letters,"
+    correspondence with John Colquhoun on "The Moor and the Loch,"
+  1842--Handbook to Italy,
+    letters from George Borrow,
+    "The Bible in Spain" published,
+    Horace
+ Horace Twiss's "Life of Lord Eldon,"
+  his illness,
+ 1843--In constant communication with Sir Robert Peel,
+   many of whose speeches, etc., he published,
+  Richard Ford's Handbook of Spain,
+  Mr. Gladstone on the Copyright Bill,
+  his failing health and death,
+  his dinner-parties an institution,
+  tokens of respect from all parts--extracts from letters
+   of sympathy from the Americans, Dr. Robinson and Mrs.
+   L.H. Sigourney,
+Murray, III., John, a reader for the press at six years
+  old,
+  recollections of Scott and Byron at Albemarle Street,
+  present at the destruction of Byron's Memoirs,
+  letter from R.W. Hay on the anonymous attack on Gifford's
+   memory,
+  present at the Theatrical Fund Dinner in Edinburgh when
+   Scott declared himself the author of the "Waverley Novels,"
+  the originator and author of the "Guides,"
+  extract from his article in Murray's Magazine on the
+   "Handbooks,"
+
+Napier, Macvey,
+Napier, Col. W., "History of the Peninsular War,"
+  at Strathfieldsaye with Duke of Wellington,
+  negotiations with Murray,
+Napoleon Buonaparte, escapes from Elba,
+  private correspondence with crowned heads, etc., of
+   Europe declined by Murray,
+Nelson, Lord, anecdote of,
+Newton (the artist),
+Nugent's "Memorials of Hampden,"
+
+Oliver & Boyd,
+Orloff, Count,
+Ouseley, Sir Gore,
+Owen, Robert,
+  his "New View of Society,"
+
+Paget, Lieut. Henry (Murray's stepfather),
+Palgrave, Sir Francis, Murray's Guide to Northern Italy,
+  on Murray's friendship,
+Palmer, Miss Alicia T.,
+Parish, H.,
+Paul, Emperor, proposal to assist Napoleon in turning
+  English out of India,
+Paxton, Dr. G.A.,
+Peel, Sir Robert, on Byron,
+  publishes his speeches, etc.,
+Perry, James, _Independent Gazette_,
+Phillips, Sir Richard, 17
+  "Waverley" offered to, 97
+Phillips, Thomas, his portraits,
+Phillpotts, Rev. Dr. Henry (Bishop of Exeter),
+Pillans, Mr.,
+Pindar, Peter,
+Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials of Scotland,"
+Polidori, Dr.,
+Powles, J.D.,
+Pringle, Thomas, Editor of _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Proctor, John,
+
+_Quarterly Review_, proposals by Murray
+  to Canning,
+  to Scott,
+  Gifford accepts editorship,
+  letters from Scott,
+  his advice
+  to Gifford,
+  general arrangements,
+  launched,
+  first number appears,
+  first edition exhausted,
+  its unpunctual appearance,
+  Southey a constant contributor to,
+  its prosperity,
+  Sir J. Barrow's connection with,
+  Croker takes charge of it during Gifford's illness,
+  Gifford's illness and resignation,
+  crisis--only two numbers in 1824,
+  J.T. Coleridge appointed Editor,
+  Coleridge resigns,
+  Lockhart appointed Editor,
+
+Ramsay & Co., George,
+Regent, Prince,
+_Representative_, The, Murray's daily newspaper; its
+   projection,
+  first appearance and complete
+   failure,
+  ceases to exist,
+Roberts, Rev. Dr.
+Robinson, Dr.
+Robinson, H. Crabb
+Rogers, Samuel,
+  on _Q.R._
+  opinion of "Childe Harold"
+  "Jacqueline"
+  on Crabbe's poems
+Romilly, Sir S.
+Royal Society of Literature
+Rundell, Mrs., "Domestic Cookery"
+  history of the book and injunction obtained by Murray
+Russell, Lord John, "Memoirs, Journals, and
+  Correspondence of T. Moore"
+  "The Affairs of Europe"
+
+Sandby, William
+Scott, Sir Walter
+  "Sir Tristram," and "Lay of the Last Minstrel"
+  "Marmion"
+  "Border Minstrelsy"
+  partnership with Ballantyne
+  proposed edition of "British Novelists"
+  asks Southey to contribute to _Edin. Rev._
+  severs his connection with Constable and _Edin. Rev._
+  visit from Murray
+  correspondence with Murray about _Q.R._
+  letter to George Ellis on Murray, etc.
+  views as to management of _Q.R._
+  advice to Gifford
+  friendship with George Ellis
+  "Life of Swift"
+  a principal contributor to first number of _Q.R._
+  proposed "Secret History of the Court of James I."
+  "Portcullis Copies"
+  "English Minstrelsy"
+  "Lady of the Lake"
+  Prince Regent's opinion of his poems, etc.
+  opinion of "Calamities of Authors"
+  new edition of "Lord Somers's Tracts"
+  Ballantyne's recklessness
+  at Abbotsford
+  fresh alliance with Constable
+  his writing-desk; "Waverley" (Great Unknown)
+  "The Lord of the Isles"
+  additions to Abbotsford
+  "Don Roderick"
+  meets Byron at Murray's house
+  portrait by Newton
+  trip to Belgium
+  proposed letters from the Continent
+  visit from Murray
+  opinion of "Cain"
+  "Tales of my Landlord," "The Black Dwarf"
+  cicerone to George IV. in Edinburgh
+  serious illness
+  assists Hogg
+  "Heart of Midlothian," "Rob Roy"
+  assists Washington Irving
+  nicknamed "The Chevalier" by B. Disraeli
+  bankruptcy of his publishers
+  on Lockhart's fitness for the _Q.R._ editorship
+  at Brighton with Lockhart; illness of his grandson
+   "Littlejohn"
+  "History of Scotland"
+  Cadell appointed his publisher; purchases, jointly with
+   Cadell, all principal copyrights of his works
+  Murray's transfer of his share of "Marmion"
+  last letter to Murray
+  rapid decline
+  death
+  account of his acknowledgment of the authorship of
+   "Waverley Novels" at the Theatrical Fund dinner
+  opinion of "Murray, the Emperor of the West"
+  advises Lockhart to undertake "Life of Napoleon"
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron"
+  some of the articles he wrote for _Q.R._: Carr's
+   "Tour in Scotland"; "Curse of Kehama"
+   "Daemonology"; Miss Austen's "Emma"
+   "Culloden Papers"; Campbell's "Gertrude of
+   Wyoming"; "Childe Harold" Canto III.;
+   "Tales of my Grandfather"; "Lord Orford's
+   Letters"; "Pepys' Memoirs"; "Works
+   of John Home," "Planting Waste Lands," "Plantation
+   and Landscape Gardening," Sir Humphry Davy's
+   "Salmonia"; "Hajji Baba," "Ancient History
+   of Scotland," Southey's "Life of John Bunyan"
+   Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials of Scotland"
+Scott, Thomas
+  reported to be author of "Tales of my Landlord"
+Senior, Nassau,
+Sewell, Rev. W.,
+  his articles in _Q.R._ on Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+Shadwell, Vice-Chancellor,
+  on copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  on copyright of "Cain,"
+Sharpe, Charles K.,
+Sheffield, Lord,
+Shelley, Mrs.,
+  opinion of Croker's "Boswell's Johnson,"
+  on Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+Shelley's "Revolt of Islam,"
+  Southey's attack on,
+Sigourney, Mrs. L.H.,
+  on Murray's death,
+Smart, Theophilus,
+Smith, Horace and James,
+  "Rejected Addresses,"
+Smith, Sydney,
+  "Visitation Sermon,"
+Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
+Somerville, Mrs.,
+  her portrait,
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+Somerville, Dr.,
+Sotheby, Wm.,
+Soult, Marshal,
+Southey, Robert
+  Jeffrey's boast about his "Excursion,"
+  asked by Scott to write for _Edin. Rev_.,
+  opinion of Jeffrey,
+  asked to contribute to the _Q.R._,
+  "Life of Nelson,"
+  "Madoc," "Thalaba," and "Curse of Kehama,"
+  constant contributor to _Q.R._,
+  his income diminished by failure of _Edinburgh Annual Register_,
+  opinion of "Calamities of Authors,"
+  intention about his own Memoirs,
+  portrait by Phillips,
+  asks Murray to employ Coleridge to translate Goethe's "Faust,"
+  "Wat Tyler" ruled by Chancellor to be seditious,
+  "History of Peninsular War,"
+  extracts from his letters to Murray,
+  "Book of the Church,"
+  literary work,
+  advice as to Gifford's successor,
+  "Life of John Bunyan,"
+  returned M.P. for Downton,
+  his _Q.R._ articles his chief means of support,
+  receives pension from Government,
+  his intellect failing,
+  his death,
+  had written ninety-four articles for _Q.R._, some of which are:
+    "Missionary Enterprise,"
+    "Life of Nelson,"
+    "Life and Achievements of Lord Wellington,"
+    "Parliamentary Reform,"
+    "Thomas Telford,"
+Southey, Mrs. (Southey's second wife),
+  on her husband's state,
+Spanish Colonies,
+  emancipation of,
+  effect on English money market,
+Staël, Madame de, _see_ De Staël.
+Starke, Mrs.,
+Stationers' Co. in 18th century,
+Sterling, John,
+  opinion of Mill's "Logic,"
+Stothard, Charles,
+Suffolk, Countess of,
+  "The Suffolk Papers,"
+Suliotes, the,
+
+Taylor, Henry,
+  "Isaac Comnenus,"
+  proposes to divide loss on his drama with Murray,
+  "Philip van Artevelde,"
+Talfourd, Serjeant,
+Teignmouth, Lord,
+Thackeray, W.M.,
+  his opinion of the "Suffolk Papers,"
+Thomson, Dr. Thomas,
+  article on Kidd's "Outlines of Mineralogy,"
+Thorwaldsen's bust of Byron,
+  statue of Byron,
+Ticknor, George,
+  impressions of Gifford,
+Tita (Byron's Gondolier),
+Tomline, Bishop,
+  "Life of William Pitt,"
+Townsend, Dr. George,
+"Trade Books" of 18th century,
+Turner, Dawson,
+Turner, Sharon,
+  retained by Longman,
+  Murray's staunch friend,
+  criticises _Q.R._ No. 1,
+  on "Austrian State Papers,"
+  opinion of Byron's "Sketch from Private Life,"
+  copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  poems declined by Murray,
+  advice
+  on Macirone's libel suit,
+  an injunction in the case of Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+  consulted by Isaac D'Israeli as to pamphlet on quarrel with Murray,
+  expostulates with Murray about Milman's "History of Jews,"
+  expression of his affection for Murray,
+Turner, Mrs. Sharon,
+Twiss, Horace,
+  "Life of the Earl of Eldon,"
+Tyndale,
+Tytler's "History of Scotland,"
+
+Underwood, T. and G.,
+
+Van Zuylen, Baron,
+Vere, Lady,
+Volunteers,
+  Review of, in Hyde Park--Murray an Ensign in 3rd Regiment of Royal
+London Volunteers,
+
+Waldegrave Memoirs,
+Waldie, Miss Jane (Mrs. Eaton),
+  "Letters from Italy,"
+Walker, C.E.,
+  "Wallace: a Historical Tragedy,"
+Walpole Memoirs,
+Walpole, Rev. R.,
+Walpole's "Castle of Otranto,"
+Weber, Henry,
+  Scott's amanuensis,
+  "Tales of the East,"
+Wellington, Duke of,
+  witness in Macirone's libel suit,
+  interest in the _Q.R._,
+  connection with Napier's "History of Peninsular War,"
+  "Despatches,"
+Whistlecraft, by J.H. Frere,
+Whitaker, Rev. John,
+White, Rev. J. Blanco,
+Wilkie, Sir David,
+  his journey to the East; paints the Sultan at Constantinople,
+  death off Gibraltar;
+  Turner's picture of his funeral at sea,
+Wilmot, Mrs. _see_ Dacre, Lady.
+Wilson, John (Christopher North)
+  connection with _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  article on "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+  a principal writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  challenges anonymous author of "Hypocrisy Unveiled, etc.,"
+  "An Hour's Tête-a-Tête with the Public" in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Wool, Rev. J.,
+  "Life of Joseph Wharton,"
+Wordsworth, William,
+Wright, Mr.,
+  his connection with the _Representative_,
+
+Young, Dr. Thomas,
+  his theory of light.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A Publisher and His Friends, by Samuel Smiles
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Publisher and His Friends, by Samuel Smiles
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Publisher and His Friends
+       Memoir and Correspondence of John Murray; With an
+       Account of the Origin and Progress of the House, 1768-1843
+
+Author: Samuel Smiles
+
+Release Date: January 31, 2004 [EBook #10884]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PUBLISHER AND HIS FRIENDS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Eric Hutton, Juliet Sutherland, Wilelmina Malliere and PG
+Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+A PUBLISHER AND HIS FRIENDS
+
+MEMOIR AND CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN MURRAY
+
+WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE HOUSE, 1768-1843
+
+BY THE LATE SAMUEL SMILES, LL.D.
+
+CONDENSED AND EDITED BY THOMAS MACKAY
+
+_WITH PORTRAITS_
+
+
+
+
+1911
+
+
+
+PREFACE
+
+
+When my Grandfather's Memoirs were published, twenty years ago, they met
+with a most favourable and gratifying reception at the hands of the
+public. Interest was aroused by the struggle and success of a man who
+had few advantages at the outset save his own shrewd sense and generous
+nature, and who, moreover, was thrown on his own resources to fight the
+battle of life when he was little more than a child.
+
+The chief value of these volumes, however, consists in the fact that
+they supply an important, if not an indispensable, chapter in the
+literary history of England during the first half of the nineteenth
+century. Byron and Scott, Lockhart, Croker, George Borrow, Hallam,
+Canning, Gifford, Disraeli, Southey, Milman are but a few of the names
+occurring in these pages, the whole list of which it would be tedious to
+enumerate.
+
+It may be admitted that a pious desire to do justice to the memory of
+John Murray the Second--"the Anax of Publishers," as Byron called
+him--led to the inclusion in the original volumes of some material of
+minor importance which may now well be dispensed with.
+
+I find, however, that the work is still so often quoted and referred to
+that I have asked my friend Mr. Thomas Mackay to prepare a new edition
+for the press. I am convinced that the way in which he has discharged
+his task will commend itself to the reading public. He has condensed the
+whole, has corrected errors, and has rewritten certain passages in a
+more concise form.
+
+I desire to acknowledge my debt to him for what he has done, and to
+express a hope that the public may extend a fresh welcome to "an old
+friend with a new face."
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_December_, 1910.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+JOHN MACMURRAY OR MURRAY
+
+The first John Murray--An Officer of Marines--Retires from Active
+Service--His marriage--Correspondence with William Falconer--Falconer's
+death--Murray purchases Sandby's business--John Murray's first
+publications--His writings--Mr. Kerr--Thomas Cumming goes to Ireland on
+behalf of Murray--Prof. J. Millar--Mr. Whitaker--Defence of Sir R.
+Gordon--Ross estate--His controversy with Mr. Mason--The Edinburgh
+booksellers--Creech and Elliot--Dr. Cullen--The second John Murray--His
+education--Accident to his eye--Illness and death of the elder John
+Murray
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+JOHN MURRAY (II.)--BEGINNING OF HIS PUBLISHING CAREER--ISAAC D'ISRAELI,
+ETC.
+
+John Murray the Second--"The Anax of Publishers"--His start in
+business--Murray and Highley--Dissolution of the partnership--Colman's
+"John Bull"--Mr. Joseph Hume--Archibald Constable--John Murray a
+Volunteer--The D'Israeli family--Isaac D'Israeli's early
+works--"Flim-Flams"--Birth of Benjamin D'Israeli--Projected periodical
+the "Institute"--The "Miniature"--Murray's acquaintance with Canning and
+Frere
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+MURRAY AND CONSTABLE--HUNTER AND THE FORFARSHIRE LAIRDS--MARRIAGE OF
+JOHN MURRAY
+
+Archibald Constable & Co.--Alexander Gibson Hunter--The _Edinburgh
+Review_--Murray's early associations with Constable--Dispute between
+Longman and Constable--Murray appointed London Agent--He urges
+reconciliation between Constable and Longman--Mr. Murray visits
+Edinburgh--Engaged to Miss Elliot--Goes into Forfarshire--Rude
+Hospitality--Murray's marriage--The D'Israelis
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+"MARMION"--CONSTABLES AND BALLANTYNES--THE "EDINBURGH REVIEW"
+
+Murray's business prospects--Acquires a share of "Marmion"--Becomes London
+publisher of the _Edinburgh Review_--Acquaintance with Walter
+Scott--Constable's money transactions--Murray's remonstrance--He
+separates from Constable--The Ballantynes--Scott joins their printing
+business--Literary themes
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+ORIGIN OF THE "QUARTERLY REVIEW"
+
+Canning's early schemes for a Penny Newspaper--The _Anti-Jacobin_--The
+_Edinburgh Review_--John Murray's letter to Mr. Canning--Walter Scott's
+assistance--Southey's letter to Scott--Review of "Marmion" in the
+_Edinburgh_--Murray's conditions--Meeting with James Ballantyne at
+Ferrybridge--Visit to Scott at Ashestiel--Letters to Scott--Scott's
+letters to Murray, Ellis, and Gifford on the _Quarterly_--Arrangements for
+the first number--Articles by Scott--James Mill--Mrs. Inchbald--Dr. Thomas
+Young
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE "QUARTERLY" LAUNCHED
+
+Meeting of Murray and Ballantyne at Boroughbridge--Walter Scott's interest
+in the new _Review_--Publication of the first number of the _Quarterly_
+--Scott's proposed "Secret History of the Court of James I."--_Portcullis_
+copies--"Old English Froissart"--Opinions of the _Quarterly_--Scott's
+energy and encouragement--Murray's correspondence with Mr. Stratford
+Canning--Murray's energy--Leigh Hunt--James Mill--Gifford's
+unpunctuality--Appearance of the second number--Mr. Canning's
+contributions--Appearance of No. 3--Letters from Mr. Ellis to Isaac
+D'Israeli--John Barrow's first connection with the _Quarterly_--Robert
+Southey--Appearance of No. 4
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+CONSTABLE AND BALLANTYNE
+
+Murray's and Ballantyne's joint enterprises--Financial
+difficulties--Murray's remonstrances--Ballantyne's reckless
+speculations--And disregard of Murray's advice--Revival of Murray's
+business with Constable--Publication of the "Lady of the Lake"--Murray
+excluded from his promised share of it--Transfers his Edinburgh agency
+to Mr. William Blackwood--Publication of No. 5 of the _Quarterly_
+--Southey's articles and books--Unpunctuality of the _Review_
+--Gifford's review of "The Daughters of Isenberg"--His letter to
+Miss Palmer--Dispute between Murray and Gifford--Attacks on the
+_Edinburgh Review_ by the _Quarterly_--Murray's disapproval of them--The
+Ballantynes and Constables applying for money--Nos. 8 and 9 of the
+_Review_--Southey's Publications--Letters from Scott--His review of the
+"Curse of Kehama"--Southey's dependence on the _Quarterly_--His letter
+to Mr. Wynn
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+MURRAY AND GIFFORD--RUPTURE WITH CONSTABLE--PROSPERITY OF THE
+"QUARTERLY"
+
+Increasing friendship between Murray and Gifford--Gifford's opinion of
+humorous articles--Mr. Pillans--Gifford's feeble health--Murray's
+financial difficulties--Remonstrates with Constable--Correspondence with
+and dissociation from Constable--_Quarterly Review_ No. 12--Gifford's
+severe remarks on Charles Lamb--His remorse--_Quarterly Review_ No.
+14--Murray's offer to Southey of 1,000 guineas for his poem
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+LORD BYRON'S WORKS, 1811 TO 1814
+
+Lord Byron's first acquaintance with Mr. Murray--Mr. Dallas's offer to
+Cawthorn and Miller--Murray's acceptance of "Childe Harold"--Byron's
+visits to Fleet Street--Murray's letters to Byron--Gifford's opinion of
+the Poem--Publication of "Childe Harold"--Its immediate success--Byron's
+presentation to the Prince of Wales--Murray effects a reconciliation
+between Byron and Scott--Letters to and from Scott--Publication of "The
+Giaour," "Bride of Abydos" and "Corsair"--Correspondence with
+Byron--"Ode to Napoleon"--"Lara" and "Jacqueline"
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+MR. MURRAY'S REMOVAL TO 50, ALBEMARLE STREET
+
+Murray's removal to Albemarle Street--Miller's unfriendly
+behaviour--Progress of the _Quarterly_--Miscellaneous publications
+--D'Israeli's "Calamities of Authors"--Letters from Scott
+and Southey--Southey's opinions on the patronage of literature--Scott's
+embarrassments--Recklessness of the Ballantynes--Scott applies to Murray
+for a loan--Publication of "Waverley"--Mystery of the authorship--Mr.
+Murray's proposed trip to France--His letters to Mrs. Murray--Education
+of his son--Announcement of Lord Byron's engagement--Mr. Murray's visit
+to Newstead Abbey--Murray in Edinburgh--Mr. William Blackwood--Visit to
+Abbotsford--Letter to Lord Byron--Letters from Blackwood--The "Vision of
+Don Roderick"
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MURRAY'S DRAWING-ROOM--BYRON AND SCOTT--WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1815
+
+Murray's drawing-room in Albemarle Street--A literary centre--George
+Ticknor's account of it--Letter from Gifford--Death of his housekeeper
+Nancy--First meeting of Byron and Scott--Recollections of John Murray
+III.--Napoleon's escape from Elba--Waterloo--Mr. Blackwood's
+letter--Suppression of an article written for the _Edinburgh_--Mr.
+Murray's collection of portraits of authors--Mr. Scott's visit to
+Brussels, Waterloo, etc.--Mr. Murray's visit to Paris--Return
+home--Important diplomatic correspondence offered by Miss Waldie--Miss
+Austen--"Emma"--Mr. Malthus's works--Letters from W. Scott
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS--CHARLES MATURIN--S.T. COLERIDGE--LEIGH HUNT
+
+Charles Maturin--His early career--His early publications--And
+application to W. Scott--Performance of "Bertram" at Drury
+Lane--Published by Murray--"Manuel, a Tragedy"--Murray's letter to
+Byron--Death of Maturin--S.T. Coleridge--Correspondence about his
+translation of "Faust"--"Glycine," "Remorse," "Christabel," "Zapolya,"
+and other works--Further correspondence--Leigh Hunt--Asked to contribute
+to the _Quarterly_--"Story of Rimini"--Murray's letters to Byron and
+Hunt--Negotiations between Murray and Leigh Hunt
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THOMAS CAMPBELL--JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE--J.W. CROKER--JAMES HOGG, ETC.
+
+Thomas Campbell--His early works--Acquaintance with Murray--"Selections
+from the British Poets"--Letters to Murray--Proposed Magazine--And
+Series of Ancient Classics--Close friendship between Campbell and
+Murray--Murray undertakes to publish the "Selections from British
+Poets"--Campbell's explanation of the work--"Gertrude of Wyoming"--Scott
+reviews Campbell's poems in the _Quarterly_--Campbell's Lectures at the
+Royal Institution--Campbell's satisfaction with Murray's treatment of
+him--"Now Barabbas was a publisher"--Increase of Murray's
+business--Dealings with Gifford--Mr. J.C. Hobhouse--His "Journey to
+Albania"--Isaac D'Israeli's "Character of James I."--Croker's "Stories
+for Children"--The division of profits--Sir John Malcolm--Increasing
+number of poems submitted to Mr. Murray--James Hogg--His works--And
+letters to Murray--The "Repository"--Correspondence with Murray--Hogg
+asks Murray to find a wife for him
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--_continued_
+
+Lord Byron's marriage--Letters from Mr. Murray during the honeymoon--Mr.
+Fazakerly's interview with Bonaparte--Byron's pecuniary
+embarrassments--Murray's offers of assistance--"Siege of
+Corinth"--"Parisina"--Byron refuses remuneration--Pressed to give the
+money to Godwin, Maturin, and Coleridge--Murray's remonstrance
+--Gifford's opinion of the "Siege of Corinth" and Mr. D'Israeli's
+--Byron leaves England--Sale of his Library--The "Sketch from
+Private Life"--Mr. Sharon Turner's legal opinion--Murray's letter on the
+arrival of the MS. of "Childe Harold," Canto III.
+
+[Transcriber's Note: two pages missing from source document]
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1817-18--CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.
+
+Works published by Murray and Blackwood jointly--Illness of
+Scott--Efforts to help the Ettrick Shepherd--Murray's offers of
+assistance--Scott reviews the "Wake"--Hogg's house at Eltrive--Scott and
+the _Quarterly_--"Rob Roy"--The "Scottish Regalia"--"The Heart of
+Midlothian"--Appeal to Scott for an article--"Lord Orford's
+Letters"--Murray and James Hogg at Abbotsford--Conclusion of Hogg's
+correspondence--Robert Owen--Increased number of would-be poets--Sharon
+Turner--Gifford's illness--Croker and Barrow edit _Quarterly Review_
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+HALLAM--BASIL HALL.--CRABBE--HOPE--HORACE AND JAMES SMITH
+
+Mr. Hallam--Sir H. Ellis's "Embassy to China"--Correspondence with Lady
+Abercorn about new books--Proposed _Monthly Register_--Mr. Croker's
+condemnation of the scheme--Crabbe's Works--Mr. Murray's offer--Mr.
+Rogers's negotiations--Hope's "Anastasius"--"Rejected Addresses"
+--Colonel Macirone's action against the _Quarterly_--Murray's
+entertainments--Mrs. Bray's account of them
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+MEMOIRS OF LADY HERVEY AND HORACE
+WALPOLE--BELZONI--MILMAN--SOUTHEY--MRS. RUNDELL, ETC.
+
+Lady Hervey's Letters--Mr. Croker's letter about the editing of
+them--Horace Walpole's Memoirs--Mr. Murray's correspondence with Lord
+Holland--The Suffolk papers, edited by Mr. Croker--Mrs. Delany's
+Letters--Letter from Mr. Croker--Horace Walpole's "Reminiscences,"
+edited by Miss Berry--Tomline's "Life of Pitt"--Giovanni Belzoni--His
+early career and works--His sensitiveness--His death--Examples of his
+strength--Rev. H.H. Milman's Works, "Fazio," "Samor," "The Fall of
+Jerusalem," "Martyr of Antioch," "Belshazzar"--Murray's dealings with
+Milman--Benjamin Disraeli--Letters from Southey about his articles on
+Cromwell--The New Churches, etc.--"The Book of the Church"--Warren
+Hastings, etc--The Carbonari--Mr. Eastlake--Mrs. Graham--Galignani's
+pirated edition of Byron--Mrs. Rundell's "Cookery Book"--Dispute with
+Longman's--An injunction obtained
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING--UGO FOSCOLO--LADY CAROLINE LAMB--"HAJJI BABA"--MRS.
+MARKHAM'S HISTORIES
+
+Washington Irving--His early dealings with Murray--He comes to
+England--His description of a dinner at Murray's--"The Sketch
+Book"--Published in England by Miller--Afterwards undertaken by
+Murray--Terms of purchase--Irving's ill-success in business
+--"Bracebridge Hall"--James Fenimore Cooper--Ugo Foscolo--His
+early career--First article in the _Quarterly_--Letter from Mr. T.
+Mitchell--Foscolo's peculiarities--Digamma Cottage--His Lectures--Death
+of Foscolo--Lady C. Lamb--"Glenarvon"--"Penruddock"--"Ada Reis"--Letter
+from the Hon. Wm. Lamb--Lord J. Russell--His proposed History of
+Europe--Mr. James Morier's "Hajji Baba"--Letter of Mirza Abul
+Hassan--Mrs. Markham's "History of England"--Allan Cunningham
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+GIFFORD'S RETIREMENT FROM THE EDITORSHIP OF THE "QUARTERLY"--AND DEATH
+
+Gifford's failing health--Difficulty of finding a successor--Barrow's
+assistance--Gifford's letter to Mr. Canning--Irregularity of the
+numbers--Southey's views as to the Editorship--Gifford's letter to Mr.
+Canning--Appointment of Mr. J.T. Coleridge--Murray's announcement of the
+appointment to Gifford--Close of Mr. Gifford's career--His
+correspondence with Murray--Letter from Mr. R. Hay to the present Mr.
+Murray about Gifford
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE "REPRESENTATIVE"
+
+Murray's desire to start a new periodical--Benjamin Disraeli--Projected
+morning paper--Benjamin Disraeli's early career and writings--Letters to
+Murray about "Aylmer Papillon"--Benjamin Disraeli's increasing intimacy
+with Murray--Origin of the scheme to start a daily paper--South American
+speculation--Messrs. Powles--Agreement to start a daily paper--the
+_Representative_--Benjamin Disraeli's journey to consult Sir W. Scott
+about the editorship--His letters to Murray--Visit to Chiefswood
+--Progress of the negotiation-Mr. Lockhart's reluctance to
+assume the editorship--Letter from Mr. I. D'Israeli to Murray--Mr.
+Lockhart's first introduction to Murray--His letter about the
+editorship--Sir W. Scott's letter to Murray--Editorship of _Quarterly_
+offered to Lockhart--Murray's letter to Sir W. Scott--Mr. Lockhart
+accepts the editorship of the _Quarterly_--Disraeli's activity in
+promoting the _Representative_--His letters to Murray--Premises
+taken--Arrangements for foreign correspondence--Letters to Mr.
+Maas--Engagement of Mr. Watts and Mr. S.C. Hall--Mr. Disraeli ceases to
+take part in the undertaking--Publication of the _Representative_--Dr.
+Maginn--Failure of the _Representative_--Effect of the strain on
+Murray's health--Letters from friends--The financial crisis--Failure of
+Constable and Ballantyne--The end of the _Representative_--Coolness
+between Murray and Mr. D'Israeli
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+MR. LOCKHART AS EDITOR OF THE "QUARTERLY"--HALLAM WORDSWORTH--DEATH OF
+CONSTABLE
+
+The editorship of the _Quarterly_--Mr. Lockhart appointed--Letter from
+Sir W. Scott, giving his opinion of Lockhart's abilities and
+character--Letters from Mr. Lockhart--Mr. Croker's article on "Paroles
+d'un Croyant"--Charles Butler--Blanco White--Controversies,
+etc.--Wordsworth's Works--Letter from Mr. Lockhart--Renewed intercourse
+between Murray and Constable
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SIR WALTER'S LAST YEARS
+
+South American speculation--Captain Head, R.E.--His rapid rides across
+the Pampas--His return home and publication of his work--Results of his
+mission--Mr. Disraeli and Mr. Powles--Letter from Mr. B.
+Disraeli--Irving's "Life of Columbus"--His agent, Col. Aspinwall--Letter
+of warning from Mr. Sharon Turner--Southey's opinion--"The Conquest of
+Granada"--Lockhart's and Croker's opinions--The financial result of
+their publication--Correspondence between Irving and Murray--"Tales of
+the Alhambra"--Murray's subsequent lawsuit with Bonn about the
+copyrights--Review of Hallam's "Constitutional History" in the
+_Quarterly_--Mr. Hallam's remonstrance--Letter from Murray--Letter from
+Mr. Mitchell--Southey's discontent--Sir W. Scott and Lockhart--Scott's
+articles for the _Quarterly_--Sir H. Davy's "Salmonia"--Anecdote of Lord
+Nelson--The Duke of Wellington--Murray's offer to Scott for a History of
+Scotland--Sale of Sir W. Scott's copyrights--Murray's offer for "Tales
+of a Grandfather"--Scott's reply--Scott's closing years--Murray's
+resignation of his one-fourth share of "Marmion"--Scott's last
+contributions to the _Quarterly_--His death--Mr. John Murray's account
+of the Theatrical Fund Dinner
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+NAPIER'S "PENINSULAR WAR"--CROKER'S "BOSWELL"--"THE FAMILY LIBRARY" ETC.
+
+Napier's "History of the Peninsular War"--Origin of the work--Col.
+Napier's correspondence with Murray--Publication of Vol. I.--Controversy
+aroused by it--Murray ceases to publish the work--His letter to the
+_Morning Chronicle_--The Duke of Wellington's Despatches--Croker's
+edition of "Boswell's Johnson"--Correspondence with Croker, Lockhart,
+etc.--Publication of the book--Its value--Letter from Mrs. Shelley--Mr.
+Henry Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus"--"Philip van Artevelde"--"The Family
+Library" and the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge--The
+progress of "The Family Library"--Milman's "History of the
+Jews"--Controversy aroused by it--Opinion of the Jews
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+MOORE'S "LIFE OF BYRON"
+
+Murray purchases the remainder of Byron's Poems--Leigh Hunt's
+"Recollections"--Moore selected as the biographer of Byron--Collection
+of Letters and Papers--Lockhart and Scott's opinion of the
+work--Publication of the first volume of Byron's "Life"--Mrs. Shelley's
+letter--Publication of the second volume--Letters from Mrs. Somerville
+and Croker--Capt. Medwin's Conversations--Pecuniary results of Lord
+Byron's "Life"--Reviews of Moore's works in the _Quarterly_--Moore on
+Editors--Complete edition of "Byron's Works"--Letters from Countess
+Guiccioli and Sir R. Peel--Thorwaldsen's statue of Lord Byron--Refused
+at Westminster Abbey, but erected in Trinity College Library, Cambridge
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF JOHN MURRAY
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+JOHN MACMURRAY OR MURRAY
+
+
+The publishing house of Murray dates from the year 1768, in which year
+John MacMurray, a lieutenant of Marines, having retired from the service
+on half-pay, purchased the bookselling business of William Sandby, at
+the sign of the "Ship," No. 32, Fleet Street, opposite St. Dunstan's
+Church.
+
+John MacMurray was descended from the Murrays of Athol. His uncle,
+Colonel Murray, was "out" in the rising of 1715, under the Earl of Mar,
+served under the Marquis of Tullibardine, the son of his chief, the Duke
+of Athol, and led a regiment in the abortive fight of Sheriffmuir. After
+the rebellion Colonel Murray retired to France, where he served under
+the exiled Duke of Ormonde, who had attached himself to the Stuart
+Court.
+
+The Colonel's brother Robert followed a safer course. He prefixed the
+"Mac" to his name; settled in Edinburgh; adopted the law as a
+profession, and became a Writer to the Signet. He had a family of three
+daughters, Catherine, Robina, and Mary Anne; and two sons, Andrew and
+John.
+
+John, the younger of Robert MacMurray's sons, was born at Edinburgh in
+1745. After receiving a good general education, he entered the Royal
+Marines under the special patronage of Sir George Yonge, Bart.,
+[Footnote: Sir George Yonge was Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and
+subsequently Secretary at War; he died in 1812.] a well-known official
+of the last century, and his commission as second lieutenant was dated
+June 24, 1762. Peace was signed at the treaty of Paris in 1763, and
+young MacMurray found himself quartered at Chatham, where the monotony
+of the life to a young man of an active and energetic temperament became
+almost intolerable. He determined therefore to retire on half-pay at the
+age of twenty-three, and become a London bookseller!
+
+It is not improbable that he was induced to embark on his proposed
+enterprise by his recent marriage with Nancy Wemyss, daughter of Captain
+Wemyss, then residing at Brompton, near Chatham.
+
+While residing at Chatham, MacMurray renewed his acquaintance with
+William Falconer, the poet, and author of "The Shipwreck," who, like
+himself, was a native of Edinburgh.
+
+To this friend, who was then on the eve of sailing to India, he wrote:
+
+BROMPTON, KENT, _October_ 16, 1768.
+
+DEAR WILL,
+
+Since I saw you, I have had the intention of embarking in a scheme that
+I think will prove successful, and in the progress of which I had an eye
+towards your participating. Mr. Sandby, Bookseller, opposite St.
+Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street, has entered into company with Snow and
+Denne, Bankers. I was introduced to this gentleman about a week ago,
+upon an advantageous offer of succeeding him in his old business; which,
+by the advice of my friends, I propose to accept. Now, although I have
+little reason to fear success by myself in this undertaking, yet I think
+so many additional advantages would accrue to us both, were your forces
+and mine joined, that I cannot help mentioning it to you, and making you
+the offer of entering into company.
+
+He resigns to me the lease of the house, the goodwill, etc.; and I only
+take his bound stock, and fixtures, at a fair appraisement, which will
+not amount to much beyond L400, and which, if ever I mean to part with,
+cannot fail to bring in nearly the same sum. The shop has been long
+established in the Trade; it retains a good many old customers; and I am
+to be ushered immediately into public notice by the sale of a new
+edition of "Lord Lyttelton's Dialogues"; and afterwards by a like
+edition of his "History." These Works I shall sell by commission, upon a
+certain profit, without risque; and Mr. Sandby has promised to continue
+to me, always, his good offices and recommendations.
+
+These are the general outlines; and if you entertain a notion that the
+conjunction will suit you, advise me, and you shall be assumed upon
+equal terms; for I write to you before the affair is finally settled;
+not that I shall refuse it if you don't concur (for I am determined on
+the trial by myself); but that I think it will turn out better were we
+joined; and this consideration alone prompts me to write to you. Many
+Blockheads in the Trade are making fortunes; and did we not succeed as
+well as they, I think it must be imputed only to ourselves. Make Mrs.
+McMurray's compliments and mine to Mrs. Falconer; we hope she has reaped
+much benefit from the saltwater bath. Consider what I have proposed; and
+send me your answer soon. Be assured in the meantime, that I remain,
+Dear Sir,
+
+Your affectionate and humble servant,
+
+JOHN McMURRAY.
+
+P.S.--My advisers and directors in this affair have been Thomas Cumming,
+Esq., Mr. Archibald Paxton, Mr. James Paterson of Essex House, and
+Messrs. J. and W. Richardson, Printers. These, after deliberate
+reflection, have unanimously thought that I should accept Mr. Sandby's
+offer.
+
+Falconer's answer to this letter has not been preserved. It did not
+delay his departure from Dover in the _Aurora_ frigate. The vessel
+touched at the Cape; set sail again, and was never afterwards heard of.
+It is supposed that she was either burnt at sea, or driven northward by
+a storm and wrecked on the Madagascar coast. Falconer intended to have
+prefixed some complimentary lines to Mr. Murray to the third edition of
+"The Shipwreck," but they were omitted in the hurry of leaving London
+and England for India.
+
+Notwithstanding the failure of MacMurray to obtain the aid of Falconer
+in his partnership, he completed alone his contract with Mr. Sandby. His
+father at Edinburgh supplied him with the necessary capital, and he
+began the bookselling business in November 1768. He dropped the prefix
+"Mac" from his surname; put a ship in full sail at the head of his
+invoices; and announced himself to the public in the following terms:
+
+"John Murray (successor to Mr. Sandby), Bookseller and Stationer, at No.
+32, over against St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street, London, sells
+all new Books and Publications. Fits up Public or Private Libraries in
+the neatest manner with Books of the choicest Editions, the best Print,
+and the richest Bindings. Also, executes East India or foreign
+Commissions by an assortment of Books and Stationary suited to the
+Market or Purpose for which it is destined; all at the most reasonable
+rates."
+
+Among the first books he issued were new editions of Lord Lyttelton's
+"Dialogues of the Dead," and of his "History of King Henry the Second,"
+in stately quarto volumes, as well as of Walpole's "Castle of Otranto."
+He was well supported by his friends, and especially by his old brother
+officers, and we find many letters from all parts of the world
+requesting him to send consignments of books and magazines, the choice
+of which was, in many cases, left entirely to his own discretion. In
+1769 he received a letter from General Sir Robert Gordon, then in India,
+who informed him that he had recommended him to many of his comrades.
+
+_Sir R. Gordon to John Murray_.
+
+"Brigadier-General Wedderburn has not forgotten his old school-fellow,
+J. McMurray. Send me British news, and inform me of all political and
+other affairs at home." [He also added that Colonel Mackenzie, another
+old friend, is to be his patron.] "I hope," says Sir E. Gordon, in
+another letter, "that you find more profit and pleasure from your new
+employment than from that of the sword, which latter, you may remember,
+I endeavoured to dissuade you from returning to; but a little trial, and
+some further experience, at your time of life, cannot hurt you.... My
+best compliments to Mrs. Murray, who I suppose will not be sorry for
+your laying aside the wild Highland 'Mac' as unfashionable and even
+dangerous in the circuit of Wilkes's mob; but that, I am convinced, was
+your smallest consideration."
+
+The nature of Mr. Murray's business, and especially his consignments to
+distant lands, rendered it necessary for him to give long credit, while
+the expense and the risk of bringing out new books added a fresh strain
+on his resources. In these circumstances, he felt the need of fresh
+capital, and applied to his friend Mr. William Kerr, Surveyor of the
+General Post Office for Scotland, for a loan. Mr. Kerr responded in a
+kindly letter. Though he could not lend much at the time, he sent Mr.
+Murray L150, "lest he might be prejudiced for want of it," and added a
+letter of kind and homely advice.
+
+In order to extend his business to better advantage, Mr. Murray
+endeavoured to form connections with booksellers in Scotland and
+Ireland. In the first of these countries, as the sequel will show, the
+firm established permanent and important alliances. To push the trade in
+Ireland he employed Thomas Cumming, a Quaker mentioned in Boswell's
+"Life of Johnson," who had been one of his advisers as to the purchase
+of Mr. Sandby's business.
+
+_Mr. T. Gumming to John Murray_.
+
+"On receipt of thine I constantly applied to Alderman Faulkener, and
+showed him the first Fable of Florian, but he told me that he would not
+give a shilling for any original copy whatever, as there is no law or
+even custom to secure any property in books in this kingdom [Ireland].
+From him, I went directly to Smith and afterwards to Bradley, etc. They
+all gave me the same answer.... Sorry, and very sorry I am, that I
+cannot send a better account of the first commission thou hast favoured
+me with here. Thou may'st believe that I set about it with a perfect
+zeal, not lessened from the consideration of the troubles thou hast on
+my account, and the favours I so constantly receive from thee; nor
+certainly that my good friend Dr. Langhorne was not altogether out of
+the question. None of the trade here will transport books at their own
+risque. This is not a reading, but a hard-drinking city; 200 or 250 are
+as many as a bookseller, except it be an extraordinary work indeed, ever
+throws off at an impression."
+
+Mr. Murray not only published the works of others, but became an author
+himself. He wrote two letters in the _Morning Chronicle_ in defence of
+his old friend Colonel (afterwards Sir) Robert Gordon, who had been
+censured for putting an officer under arrest during the siege of Broach,
+in which Gordon had led the attack. The Colonel's brother, Gordon of
+Gordonstown, wrote to Murray, saying, "Whether you succeed or not, your
+two letters are admirably written; and you have obtained great merit and
+reputation for the gallant stand you have made for your friend." The
+Colonel himself wrote (August 20,1774): "I cannot sufficiently thank
+you, my dear sir, for the extraordinary zeal, activity, and warmth of
+friendship, with which you so strenuously supported and defended my
+cause, and my honour as a soldier, when attacked so injuriously by
+Colonel Stuart, especially when he was so powerfully supported."
+
+Up to this time Mr. Murray's success had been very moderate. He had
+brought out some successful works; but money came in slowly, and his
+chief difficulty was the want of capital. He was therefore under the
+necessity of refusing to publish works which might have done something
+to establish his reputation.
+
+At this juncture, i.e. in 1771, an uncle died leaving a fortune of
+L17,000, of which Mr. Murray was entitled to a fourth share. On the
+strength of this, his friend Mr. Kerr advanced to him a further sum of
+L500. The additional capital was put into the business, but even then
+his prosperity did not advance with rapid strides; and in 1777 we find
+him writing to his friend Mr. Richardson at Oxford.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Richardson_.
+
+DEAR JACK,
+
+I am fatigued from morning till night about twopenny matters, if any of
+which is forgotten I am complained of as a man who minds not his
+business. I pray heaven for a lazy and lucrative office, and then I
+shall with alacrity turn my shop out of the window.
+
+A curious controversy occurred in 1778 between Mr. Mason, executor of
+Thomas Gray the poet, and Mr. Murray, who had published a "Poetical
+Miscellany," in which were quoted fifty lines from three passages in
+Gray's works.
+
+Mr. Murray wrote a pamphlet in his own defence, and the incident is
+mentioned in the following passage from Boswell's "Life":
+
+"Somebody mentioned the Rev. Mr. Mason's prosecution of Mr. Murray, the
+bookseller, for having inserted in a collection only fifty lines of
+Gray's Poems, of which Mr. Mason had still the exclusive property, under
+the Statute of Queen Anne; and that Mr. Mason had persevered,
+notwithstanding his being requested to name his own terms of
+compensation. Johnson signified his displeasure at Mr. Mason's conduct
+very strongly; but added, by way of showing that he was not surprised at
+it, 'Mason's a Whig.' Mrs. Knowles (not hearing distinctly): 'What! a
+prig, Sir?' Johnson: 'Worse, Madam; a Whig! But he is both!'"
+
+Mr. Murray had considerable intercourse with the publishers of
+Edinburgh, among the chief of whom were Messrs. Creech & Elliot, and by
+their influence he soon established a connection with the professors of
+Edinburgh University. Creech, who succeeded Mr. Kincaid in his business
+in 1773, occupied a shop in the Luckenbooths, facing down the High
+Street, and commanding a prospect of Aberlady Bay and the north coast of
+Haddingtonshire. Being situated near the Parliament House--the centre of
+literary and antiquarian loungers, as well as lawyers--Creech's place of
+business was much frequented by the gossipers, and was known as
+_Creech's Levee_. Creech himself, dressed in black-silk breeches, with
+powdered hair and full of humorous talk, was one of the most conspicuous
+members of the group. He was also an author, though this was the least
+of his merits. He was an appreciative patron of literature, and gave
+large sums for the best books of the day.
+
+Mr. Elliot, whose place of business was in the Parliament Close, and
+whose daughter subsequently married Mr. Murray's son the subject of this
+biography, was a publisher of medical and surgical works, and Mr. Murray
+was his agent for the sale of these in London. We find from Mr. Elliot's
+letters that he was accustomed to send his parcels of books to London by
+the Leith fleet, accompanied by an armed convoy. In June 1780 he wrote:
+"As the fleet sails this evening, and the schooner carries 20 guns, I
+hope the parcel will be in London in four or five days"; and shortly
+afterwards: "I am sending you four parcels of books by the _Carran_,
+which mounts 22 guns, and sails with the _Glasgow_ of 20 guns." The
+reason of the Edinburgh books being conveyed to London guarded by armed
+ships, was that war was then raging, and that Spain, France, and Holland
+were united against England. The American Colonies had also rebelled,
+and Paul Jones, holding their commission, was hovering along the East
+Coast with three small ships of war and an armed brigantine. It was
+therefore necessary to protect the goods passing between Leith and
+London by armed convoys. Sometimes the vessels on their return were
+quarantined for a time in Inverkeithing Bay.
+
+The first Mrs. Murray died, leaving her husband childless, and he
+married again. By his second wife he had three sons and two daughters,
+two of the sons, born in 1779 and 1781 respectively, died in infancy,
+while the third, John, born in 1778, is the subject of this Memoir. In
+1782 he writes to his friend the Rev. John Whitaker: "We have one son
+and daughter, the son above four years, and the daughter above two
+years, both healthy and good-natured."
+
+In June 1782 Mr. Murray had a paralytic stroke, by which he, for a time,
+lost the use of his left side, and though he shortly recovered, and
+continued his work as before, he was aware of his dangerous position. To
+a friend going to Madeira in September 1791 he wrote: "Whether we shall
+ever meet again is a matter not easily determined. The stroke by which I
+suffered in 1782 is only suspended; it will be repeated, and I must
+fall in the contest."
+
+In the meantime Mr. Murray made arrangements for the education of his
+son. He was first sent for a year to the High School of Edinburgh. While
+there he lived with Mr. Robert Kerr, author of several works on
+Chemistry and Natural History, published by Mr. Murray. Having passed a
+year in Edinburgh, the boy returned to London, and after a time was sent
+to a school at Margate. There he seems to have made some progress. To a
+friend Mr. Murray wrote: "He promises, I think, to write well, although
+his master complains a little of his indolence, which I am afraid he
+inherits from me. If he does not overcome it, _it_ will overcome him."
+In a later letter he said: "The school is not the best, but the people
+are kind to him, and his health leaves no alternative. He writes a good
+hand, is fond of figures, and is coming forward both in Latin and
+French. Yet he inherits a spice of indolence, and is a little impatient
+in his temper. His appearance--open, modest, and manly--is much in his
+favour. He is grown a good deal, and left us for Margate (after his
+holiday) as happy as could be expected."
+
+In the course of the following year Mr. Murray sent the boy to a
+well-known school at Gosport, kept by Dr. Burney, one of his old Mends.
+Burney was a native of the North of Ireland, and had originally been
+called MacBurney, but, like Murray, he dropped the Mac.
+
+While at Dr. Burney's school, young Murray had the misfortune to lose
+the sight of his right eye. The writing-master was holding his penknife
+awkwardly in his hand, point downwards, and while the boy, who was
+showing up an exercise, stooped to pick up the book which had fallen,
+the blade ran into his eye and entirely destroyed the sight. To a friend
+about to proceed to Gosport, Mr. Murray wrote: "Poor John has met with a
+sad accident, which you will be too soon acquainted with when you reach
+Gosport. His mother is yet ignorant of it, and I dare not tell her."
+
+Eventually the boy was brought to London for the purpose of ascertaining
+whether something might be done by an oculist for the restoration of his
+sight. But the cornea had been too deeply wounded; the fluid of the eye
+had escaped; nothing could be done for his relief, and he remained blind
+in that eye to the end of his life. [Footnote: Long afterwards Chantrey
+the sculptor, who had suffered a similar misfortune, exclaimed, "What!
+are you too a brother Cyclops?" but, as the narrator of the story used
+to add, Mr. Murray could see better with one eye than most people with
+two.] His father withdrew him from Dr. Burney's school, and sent him in
+July 1793 to the Rev. Dr. Roberts, at Loughborough House, Kennington. In
+committing him to the schoolmaster's charge, Mr. Murray sent the
+following introduction:
+
+"Agreeable to my promise, I commit to you the charge of my son, and, as
+I mentioned to you in person, I agree to the terms of fifty guineas. The
+youth has been hitherto well spoken of by the gentleman he has been
+under. You will find him sensible and candid in the information you may
+want from him; and if you are kind enough to bestow pains upon him, the
+obligation on my part will be lasting. The branches to be learnt are
+these: Latin, French, Arithmetic, Mercantile Accounts, Elocution,
+History, Geography, Geometry, Astronomy, the Globes, Mathematics,
+Philosophy, Dancing, and Martial Exercise."
+
+Certainly, a goodly array of learning, knowledge, and physical training!
+
+To return to the history of Mr. Murray's publications. Some of his best
+books were published after the stroke of paralysis which he had
+sustained, and among them must be mentioned Mitford's "History of
+Greece," Lavater's work on Physiognomy, and the first instalment of
+Isaac D'Israeli's "Curiosities of Literature."
+
+The following extract from a letter to the Rev. Mr. Whitaker, dated
+December 20, 1784, takes us back to an earlier age.
+
+"Poor Dr. Johnson's remains passed my door for interment this afternoon.
+They were accompanied by thirteen mourning coaches with four horses
+each; and after these a cavalcade of the carriages of his friends. He
+was about to be buried in Westminster Abbey."
+
+In the same year the Rev. Alexander Fraser of Kirkhill, near Inverness,
+communicated to Mr. Murray his intention of publishing the Memoirs of
+Lord Lovat, the head of his clan. Mr. Eraser's father had received the
+Memoirs in manuscript from Lord Lovat, with an injunction to publish
+them after his death. "My father," he said, "had occasion to see his
+Lordship a few nights before his execution, when he again enjoined him
+to publish the Memoirs." General Fraser, a prisoner in the Castle of
+Edinburgh, had requested, for certain reasons, that the publication
+should be postponed; but the reasons no longer existed, and the Memoirs
+were soon after published by Mr. Murray, but did not meet with any
+success.
+
+The distressed state of trade and the consequent anxieties of conducting
+his business hastened Mr. Murray's end. On November 6, 1793, Samuel
+Highley, his principal assistant, wrote to a correspondent: "Mr. Murray
+died this day after a long and painful illness, and appointed as
+executors Dr. G.A. Paxton, Mrs. Murray, and Samuel Highley. The business
+hereafter will be conducted by Mrs. Murray." The Rev. Donald Grant,
+D.D., and George Noble, Esq., were also executors, but the latter did
+not act.
+
+The income of the property was divided as follows: one half to the
+education and maintenance of Mr. Murray's three children, and the other
+half to his wife so long as she remained a widow. But in the event of
+her marrying again, her share was to be reduced by one-third and her
+executorship was to cease.
+
+John Murray began his publishing career at the age of twenty-three. He
+was twenty-five years in business, and he died at the comparatively
+early age of forty-eight. That publishing books is not always a
+money-making business may be inferred from the fact that during these
+twenty-five years he did not, with all his industry, double his capital.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+JOHN MURRAY (II.)--BEGINNING OF HIS PUBLISHING CAREER--ISAAC D'ISRAELI,
+ETC.
+
+
+John Murray the Second--the "Anax of Publishers," according to Lord
+Byron--was born on November 27, 1778. He was his father's only surviving
+son by his second marriage, and being only fifteen at his father's
+death, was too young to enter upon the business of the firm, which was
+carried on by Samuel Highley--the "faithful shopman" mentioned in the
+elder Murray's will--for the benefit of his widow and family. What his
+father thought of him, of his health, spirits, and good nature, will
+have been seen from the preceding chapter.
+
+Young Murray returned to school, and remained there for about two years
+longer, until the marriage of his mother to Lieutenant Henry Paget, of
+the West Norfolk Militia, on September 28, 1795, when he returned to 32,
+Meet Street, to take part in the business. Mrs. Paget ceased to be an
+executor, retired from Fleet Street, and went to live at Bridgenorth
+with her husband, taking her two daughters--Jane and Mary Anne
+Murray--to live with her, and receiving from time to time the money
+necessary for their education.
+
+The executors secured the tenancy of No. 32, Fleet Street, part of the
+stock and part of the copyrights, for the firm of Murray & Highley,
+between whom a partnership was concluded in 1795, though Murray was
+still a minor. In the circumstances Mr. Highley of course took the
+principal share of the management, but though a very respectable person,
+he was not much of a business man, and being possessed by an almost
+morbid fear of running any risks, he brought out no new works, took no
+share in the new books that were published, and it is doubtful whether
+he looked very sharply after the copyrights belonging to the firm. He
+was mainly occupied in selling books brought out by other publishers.
+
+The late Mr. Murray had many good friends in India, who continued to
+send home their orders to the new firm of Murray & Highley. Amongst them
+were Warren Hastings and Joseph Hume. Hume had taken out with him an
+assortment of books from the late Mr. Murray, which had proved very
+useful; and he wrote to Murray and Highley for more. Indeed, he became a
+regular customer for books.
+
+Meanwhile Murray fretted very much under the careless and indifferent
+management of Highley. The executors did not like to be troubled with
+his differences with his partner, and paid very little attention to him
+or his affairs. Since his mother's remarriage and removal to
+Bridgenorth, the young man had literally no one to advise with, and was
+compelled to buffet with the troubles and difficulties of life alone.
+Though inexperienced, he had, however, spirit and common sense enough to
+see that he had but little help to expect from his partner, and the
+difficulties of his position no doubt contributed to draw forth and
+develop his own mental energy. He was not a finished scholar, but had
+acquired a thorough love of knowledge and literature, and a keen
+perception of the beauties of our great English classics. By acquiring
+and cultivating a purity of taste, he laid the foundations of that quick
+discrimination which, combined with his rapidly growing knowledge of men
+and authors, rendered him afterwards so useful, and even powerful, in
+the pursuit of his profession.
+
+Mr. Murray came of age on November 27, 1799; but he was prudent enough
+to continue with Highley for a few years longer. After four years more,
+he determined to set himself free to follow his own course, and the
+innumerable alterations and erasures in his own rough draft of the
+following letter testify to the pains and care which he bestowed on this
+momentous step.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Highley_.
+
+GREAT QUEEN STREET, _Friday, November 19, 1802._
+
+MR. HIGHLEY,
+
+I propose to you that our partnership should be dissolved on the
+twenty-fifth day of March next:
+
+That the disposal of the lease of the house and every other matter of
+difference that may arise respecting our dissolution shall be determined
+by arbitrators--each of us to choose one--and that so chosen they shall
+appoint a third person as umpire whom they may mutually agree upon
+previous to their entering upon the business:
+
+I am willing to sign a bond to this effect immediately, and I think that
+I shall be able to determine my arbitrator some day next week.
+
+As I know this proposal to be as fair as one man could make to another
+in a like situation, and in order to prevent unpleasant altercation or
+unnecessary discussion, I declare it to be the last with which I intend
+to trouble you.
+
+I take this opportunity of saying that, however much we may differ upon
+matters of business, I most sincerely wish you well.
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+In the end they agreed to draw lots for the house, and Murray had the
+good fortune to remain at No. 32, Fleet Street. Mr. Highley removed to
+No. 24 in the same street, and took with him, by agreement, the
+principal part of the medical works of the firm. Mr. Murray now started
+on his own account, and began a career of publication almost unrivalled
+in the history of letters.
+
+Before the dissolution of partnership, Mr. Murray had seen the first
+representation of Column's Comedy of "John Bull" at Covent Garden
+Theatre, and was so fascinated by its "union of wit, sentiment, and
+humour," that the day after its representation he wrote to Mr. Colman,
+and offered him L300 for the copyright. No doubt Mr. Highley would have
+thought this a rash proceeding.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Colman_.
+
+"The truth is that during my minority I have been shackled to a drone of
+a partner; but the day of emancipation is at hand. On the twenty-fifth
+of this month [March 1803] I plunge alone into the depths of literary
+speculation. I am therefore honestly ambitious that my first appearance
+before the public should be such as will at once stamp my character and
+respectability. On this account, therefore, I think that your Play would
+be more advantageous to me than to any other bookseller; and as 'I am
+not covetous of Gold,' I should hope that no trifling consideration
+will be allowed to prevent my having the honour of being Mr. Colman's
+publisher. You see, sir, that I am endeavouring to interest your
+feelings, both as a Poet and as a Man."
+
+Mr. Colman replied in a pleasant letter, thanking Mr. Murray for his
+liberal offer. The copyright, however, had been sold to the proprietor
+of the theatre, and Mr. Murray was disappointed in this, his first
+independent venture in business.
+
+The times were very bad. Money was difficult to be had on any terms, and
+Mr. Murray had a hard task to call in the money due to Murray & Highley,
+as well as to collect the sums due to himself.
+
+Mr. Joseph Hume, not yet the scrupulous financier which he grew to be,
+among others, was not very prompt in settling his accounts; and Mr.
+Murray wrote to him, on July 11, 1804:
+
+"On the other side is a list of books (amount L92 8s. 6d.), containing
+all those for which you did me the favour to write: and I trust that
+they will reach you safely.... If in future you could so arrange that my
+account should be paid by some house in town within six months after the
+goods are shipped, I shall be perfectly satisfied, and shall execute
+your orders with much more despatch and pleasure. I mention this, not
+from any apprehension of not being paid, but because my circumstances
+will not permit me to give so large an extent of credit. It affords me
+great pleasure to hear of your advancement; and I trust that your health
+will enable you to enjoy all the success to which your talents entitle
+you."
+
+He was, for the same reason, under the necessity of declining to publish
+several new works offered to him, especially those dealing with medical
+and poetical subjects.
+
+Mr. Archibald Constable of Edinburgh, and Messrs. Bell & Bradfute, Mr.
+Murray's agents in Edinburgh, were also communicated with as to the
+settlement of their accounts with Murray & Highley. "I expected," he
+said, "to have been able to pay my respects to you both this summer
+[1803], but my _military duties_, and the serious aspect of the times,
+oblige me to remain at home." It was the time of a patriotic volunteer
+movement, and Mr. Murray was enrolled as an ensign in the 3rd Regiment
+of Royal London Volunteers.
+
+It cannot now be ascertained what was the origin of the acquaintance
+between the D'Israeli and Murray families, but it was of old standing.
+The first John Murray published the first volumes of Isaac D'Israeli's
+"Curiosities of Literature" (1791), and though no correspondence between
+them has been preserved, we find frequent mention of the founder of the
+house in Isaac D'Israeli's letters to John Murray the Second. His
+experiences are held up for his son's guidance, as for example, when
+Isaac, urging the young publisher to support some petition to the East
+India Company, writes, "It was a ground your father trod, and I suppose
+that connection cannot do you any harm"; or again, when dissuading him
+from undertaking some work submitted to him, "You can mention to Mr.
+Harley the fate of Professor Musaeus' 'Popular Tales,' which never sold,
+and how much your father was disappointed." On another occasion we find
+D'Israeli, in 1809, inviting his publisher to pay a visit to a yet older
+generation, "to my father, who will be very glad to see you at Margate."
+
+Besides the "Curiosities of Literature," and "Flim-Flams," the last a
+volume not mentioned by Lord Beaconsfield in the "Life" of his father
+prefixed to the 1865 edition of the "Curiosities of Literature," Mr.
+D'Israeli published through Murray, in 1803, a small volume of
+"Narrative Poems" in 4to. They consisted of "An Ode to his Favourite
+Critic"; "The Carder and the Currier, a Story of Amorous Florence";
+"Cominge, a Story of La Trappe"; and "A Tale addressed to a Sybarite."
+The verses in these poems run smoothly, but they contain no wit, no
+poetry, nor even any story. They were never reprinted.
+
+The following letter is of especial interest, as fixing the date of an
+event which has given rise to much discussion--the birth of Benjamin
+Disraeli.
+
+_Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 22, 1804. [Footnote: Mr. D'Israeli was living at this time in
+King's Road (now 1, John Street), Bedford Row, in a corner house
+overlooking Gray's Inn Gardens.]
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Mrs. D'Israeli will receive particular gratification from the
+interesting note you have sent us on the birth of our boy--when she
+shall have read it. In the meanwhile accept my thanks, and my best
+compliments to your sister. The mother and infant are both doing well.
+
+Ever yours.
+
+I. D'I.
+
+Some extracts from their correspondence will afford an insight into the
+nature of the friendship and business relations which existed between
+Isaac D'Israeli and his young publisher as well as into the characters
+of the two men themselves.
+
+From a letter dated Brighton, August 5, 1805, from Mr. D'Israeli to John
+Murray:
+
+"Your letter is one of the repeated specimens I have seen of your happy
+art of giving interest even to commonplace correspondence, and I, who am
+so feelingly alive to the 'pains and penalties' of postage, must
+acknowledge that such letters, ten times repeated, would please me as
+often.
+
+We should have been very happy to see you here, provided it occasioned
+no intermission in your more serious occupations, and could have added
+to your amusements.
+
+With respect to the projected 'Institute,' [Footnote: This was a work at
+one time projected by Mr. Murray, but other more pressing literary
+arrangements prevented the scheme being carried into effect.] if that
+title be English--doubtless the times are highly favourable to patronize
+a work skilfully executed, whose periodical pages would be at once
+useful information, and delightful for elegant composition, embellished
+by plates, such as have never yet been given, both for their subjects
+and their execution. Literature is a perpetual source opened to us; but
+the Fine Arts present an unploughed field, and an originality of
+character ... But Money, Money must not be spared in respect to rich,
+beautiful, and interesting Engravings. On this I have something to
+communicate. Encourage Dagley, [Footnote: The engraver of the
+frontispiece of "Flim-Flams."] whose busts of Seneca and Scarron are
+pleasingly executed; but you will also want artists of name. I have a
+friend, extremely attached to literature and the fine arts, a gentleman
+of opulent fortune; by what passed with him in conversation, I have
+reason to believe that he would be ready to assist by money to a
+considerable extent. Would that suit you? How would you arrange with
+him? Would you like to divide your work in _Shares_? He is an intimate
+friend of West's, and himself too an ingenious writer.
+
+How came you to advertise 'Domestic Anecdotes'? Kearsley printed 1,250
+copies. I desire that no notice of the authors of that work may be known
+from _your_ side.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At this moment I receive your packet of poems, and Shee's letter. I
+perceive that he is impressed by your attentions and your ability. It
+will always afford me one of my best pleasures to forward your views; I
+claim no merit from this, but my discernment in discovering your
+talents, which, under the genius of Prudence (the best of all Genii for
+human affairs), must inevitably reach the goal. The literary productions
+of I.D['Israeli] and others may not augment the profits oL your trade in
+any considerable degree; but to get the talents of such writers at your
+command is a prime object, and others will follow.
+
+I had various conversations with Phillips [Footnote: Sir Richard
+Phillips, bookseller. This is the publisher whose book on philosophy
+George Borrow was set to translate into German, and who recommended him
+to produce something in the style of "The Dairyman's Daughter"!] here;
+he is equally active, but more _wise_. He owns his _belles-lettres_
+books have given no great profits; in my opinion he must have lost even
+by some. But he makes a fortune by juvenile and useful compilations. You
+know I always told you he wanted _literary taste_--like an atheist, who
+is usually a disappointed man, he thinks all _belles lettres_ are
+nonsense, and denies the existence of _taste_; but it exists! and I
+flatter myself you will profit under that divinity. I have much to say
+on this subject and on him when we meet.
+
+At length I have got through your poetry: it has been a weary task! The
+writer has a good deal of fire, but it is rarely a very bright flame.
+Here and there we see it just blaze, and then sink into mediocrity. He
+is too redundant and tiresome.... 'Tis a great disadvantage to read them
+in MS., as one cannot readily turn to passages; but life is too short to
+be peeping into other peoples' MSS. _I prefer your prose to your verse_.
+Let me know if you receive it safely, and pray give no notion to any one
+that I have seen the MS."
+
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+"It is a most disagreeable office to give opinions on MSS.; one reads
+them at a moment when one has other things in one's head--then one is
+obliged to fatigue the brain with _thinking_; but if I can occasionally
+hinder you from publishing nugatory works, I do not grudge the pains. At
+the same time I surely need not add, how very _confidential_ such
+communications ought to be."
+
+
+_Mr. I. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+I am delighted by your apology for not having called on me after I had
+taken my leave of you the day before; but you can make an unnecessary
+apology as agreeable as any other act of kindness....
+
+You are sanguine in your hope of a good sale of "Curiosities," it will
+afford us a mutual gratification; but when you consider it is not a new
+work, though considerably improved I confess, and that those kinds of
+works cannot boast of so much novelty as they did about ten years ago, I
+am somewhat more moderate in my hopes.
+
+What you tell me of F.F. from Symond's, is _new_ to me. I sometimes
+throw out in the shop _remote hints_ about the sale of books, all the
+while meaning only _mine_; but they have no skill in construing the
+timid wishes of a modest author; they are not aware of his suppressed
+sighs, nor see the blushes of hope and fear tingling his cheek; they are
+provokingly silent, and petrify the imagination....
+
+Believe me, with the truest regard,
+
+Yours ever,
+
+I. D'ISRAELI.
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_. _Saturday, May_ 31, 1806. KING'S ROAD.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+It is my wish to see you for five minutes this day, but as you must be
+much engaged, and I am likely to be prevented reaching you this morning,
+I shall only trouble you with a line.
+
+Most warmly I must impress on your mind the _necessity_ of taking the
+advice of a physician. Who? You know many. We have heard extraordinary
+accounts of Dr. Baillie, and that (what is more extraordinary) he is not
+mercenary....
+
+I have written this to impress on your mind this point. Seeing you as we
+see you, and your friend at a fault, how to decide, and you without some
+relative or domestic friend about you, gives Mrs. D'I. and myself very
+serious concerns--for you know we do take the warmest interest in your
+welfare--and your talents and industry want nothing but health to make
+you yet what it has always been one of my most gratifying hopes to
+conceive of you.
+
+Yours very affectionately,
+
+I. D'ISRAELI.
+
+A circumstance, not without influence on Murray's future, occurred about
+this time with respect to the "Miniature," a volume of comparatively
+small importance, consisting of essays written by boys at Eton, and
+originally published at Windsor by Charles Knight. Through Dr. Kennell,
+Master of the Temple, his friend and neighbour, who lived close at hand,
+Murray became acquainted with the younger Kennell, Mr. Stratford
+Canning, Gally Knight, the two sons of the Marquis Wellesley, and other
+young Etonians, who had originated and conducted this School magazine.
+Thirty-four numbers appeared in the course of a year, and were then
+brought out in a volume by Mr. Knight at the expense of the authors. The
+transaction had involved them in debt. "Whatever chance of success our
+hopes may dictate," wrote Stratford Canning, "yet our apprehensions
+teach us to tremble at the possibility of additional expenses," and the
+sheets lay unsold on the bookseller's hands. Mr. Murray, who was
+consulted about the matter, said to Dr. Rennell, "Tell them to send the
+unsold sheets to me, and I will pay the debt due to the printer." The
+whole of the unsold sheets were sent by the "Windsor Waggon" to Mr.
+Murray's at Fleet Street. He made waste-paper of the whole bundle--there
+were 6,376 numbers in all,--brought out a new edition of 750 copies,
+printed in good type, and neatly bound, and announced to Stratford
+Canning that he did this at his own cost and risk, and would make over
+to the above Etonians half the profits of the work. The young authors
+were highly pleased by this arrangement, and Stratford Canning wrote to
+Murray (October 20, 1805): "We cannot sufficiently thank you for your
+kind attention to our concerns, and only hope that the success of the
+_embryo_ edition may be equal to your care." How great was the
+importance of the venture in his eyes may be judged from the naive
+allusion with which he proceeds: "It will be a week or two before we
+commit it to the press, for amidst our other occupations the business of
+the school must not be neglected, and that by itself is no trivial
+employment."
+
+By means of this transaction Murray had the sagacity to anticipate an
+opportunity of making friends of Canning and Frere, who were never tired
+of eulogizing the spirit and enterprise of the young Fleet Street
+publisher. Stratford Canning introduced him to his cousin George, the
+great minister, whose friendship and support had a very considerable
+influence in promoting and establishing his future prosperity. It is
+scarcely necessary to add that the new edition of the "Miniature"
+speedily became waste paper.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+
+MURRAY AND CONSTABLE--HUNTER AND THE FORFARSHIRE LAIRDS--MARRIAGE OF
+JOHN MURRAY
+
+The most important publishing firm with which Mr. Murray was connected
+at the outset of his career was that of Archibald Constable & Co., of
+Edinburgh. This connection had a considerable influence upon Murray's
+future fortunes.
+
+Constable, who was about four years older than Murray, was a man of
+great ability, full of spirit and enterprise. He was by nature generous,
+liberal, and far-seeing. The high prices which he gave for the best kind
+of literary work drew the best authors round him, and he raised the
+publishing trade of Scotland to a height that it had never before
+reached, and made Edinburgh a great centre of learning and literature.
+
+In 1800 he commenced the _Farmer's Magazine_, and in the following year
+acquired the property of the _Scots Magazine,_ a venerable repertory of
+literary, historical, and antiquarian matter; but it was not until the
+establishment of the _Edinburgh Review_, in October 1802, that
+Constable's name became a power in the publishing world.
+
+In the year following the first issue of the _Review_, Constable took
+into partnership Alexander Gibson Hunter, eldest son of David Hunter, of
+Blackness, a Forfarshire laird. The new partner brought a considerable
+amount of capital into the firm, at a time when capital was greatly
+needed in that growing concern. His duties were to take charge of the
+ledger and account department, though he never took much interest in his
+work, but preferred to call in the help of a clever arithmetical clerk.
+
+It is unnecessary to speak of the foundation of the _Edinburgh Review_.
+It appeared at the right time, and was mainly supported by the talents
+of Jeffrey, Brougham, Sydney Smith, Francis Horner, Dr. Thomas Brown,
+Lord Murray, and other distinguished writers. The first number
+immediately attracted public attention. Mr. Joseph Mawman was the London
+agent, but some dissatisfaction having arisen with respect to his
+management, the London sale was transferred to the Messrs. Longman, with
+one half share in the property of the work.
+
+During the partnership of Murray and Highley, they had occasional
+business transactions with Constable of Edinburgh. Shortly after the
+partnership was dissolved in March 1803, Murray wrote as follows to Mr.
+Constable:
+
+_April_ 25, 1803.
+
+"I have several works in the press which I should be willing to consign
+to your management in Edinburgh, but that I presume you have already
+sufficient business upon your hands, and that you would not find mine
+worth attending to. If so, I wish that you would tell me of some
+vigorous young bookseller, like myself, just starting into business,
+upon whose probity, punctuality, and exertion you think I might rely,
+and I would instantly open a correspondence with him; and in return it
+will give me much pleasure to do any civil office for you in London. I
+should be happy if any arrangement could be made wherein we might prove
+of reciprocal advantage; and were you from your superabundance to pick
+me out any work of merit of which you would either make me the publisher
+in London, or in which you would allow me to become a partner, I dare
+say the occasion would arise wherein I could return the compliment, and
+you would have the satisfaction of knowing that your book was in the
+hands of one who has not yet so much business as to cause him to neglect
+any part of it."
+
+Mr. Constable's answer was favourable. In October 1804 Mr. Murray, at
+the instance of Constable, took as his apprentice Charles Hunter, the
+younger brother of A. Gibson Hunter, Constable's partner. The
+apprenticeship was to be for four or seven years, at the option of
+Charles Hunter. These negotiations between the firms, and their
+increasing interchange of books, showed that they were gradually drawing
+nearer to each other, until their correspondence became quite friendly
+and even intimate. Walter Scott was now making his appearance as an
+author; Constable had published his "Sir Tristram" in May 1804, and his
+"Lay of the Last Minstrel" in January 1805. Large numbers of these works
+were forwarded to London and sold by Mr. Murray.
+
+At the end of 1805 differences arose between the Constable and Longman
+firms as to the periodical works in which they were interested. The
+editor and proprietors of the _Edinburgh Review_ were of opinion that
+the interest of the Longmans in two other works of a similar
+character--the _Annual Review_ and the _Eclectic_--tended to lessen
+their exertions on behalf of the _Edinburgh_. It was a matter that might
+easily have been arranged; but the correspondents were men of hot
+tempers, and with pens in their hands, they sent stinging letters from
+London to Edinburgh, and from Edinburgh to London. Rees, Longman's
+partner, was as bitter in words on the one side as Hunter, Constable's
+partner, was on the other. At length a deadly breach took place, and it
+was resolved in Edinburgh that the publication of the _Edinburgh Review_
+should be transferred to John Murray, Fleet Street. Alexander Gibson
+Hunter, Constable's partner, wrote to Mr. Murray to tell of the rupture
+and to propose a closer alliance with him.
+
+Mr. Murray replied:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. A.G. Hunter.
+
+December 7, 1805_.
+
+"With regard to the important communication of your last letter, I
+confess the surprise with which I read it was not without some mixture
+of regret. The extensive connections betwixt your house and Longman's
+cannot be severed at once without mutual inconvenience, and perhaps
+mutual disadvantages, your share of which a more protracted
+dismemberment might have prevented. From what I had occasion to observe,
+I did not conceive that your concerns together would ever again move
+with a cordiality that would render them lasting; but still, I imagined
+that mutual interest and forbearance would allow them to subside into
+that indifference which, without animosity or mischief, would leave
+either party at liberty to enter upon such new arrangements as offered
+to their separate advantage. I do not, however, doubt but that all
+things have been properly considered, and perhaps finally settled for
+the best; but Time, the only arbitrator in these cases, must decide.
+
+"In your proposed engagements with Mr. Davies, you will become better
+acquainted with a man of great natural talents, and thoroughly versed in
+business, which he regulates by the most honourable principles. As for
+myself, you will find me exceedingly assiduous in promoting your views,
+into which I shall enter with feelings higher than those of mere
+interest. Indeed, linked as our houses are at present, we have a natural
+tendency to mutual good understanding, which will both prevent and
+soften those asperities in business which might otherwise enlarge into
+disagreement. Country orders [referring to Constable & Co.'s 'general
+order'] are a branch of business which I have ever totally declined as
+incompatible with my more serious plans as a publisher. But _your_
+commissions I shall undertake with pleasure, and the punctuality with
+which I have attempted to execute _your first order_ you will, I hope,
+consider as a specimen of my disposition to give you satisfaction in
+every transaction in which we may hereafter be mutually engaged."
+
+It was a great chance for a young man entering life with a moderate
+amount of capital, to be virtually offered an intimate connection with
+one of the principal publishing houses of the day. It was one of those
+chances which, "taken at the flood, lead on to fortune," but there was
+also the question of honour, and Mr. Murray, notwithstanding his desire
+for opening out a splendid new connection in business, would do nothing
+inconsistent with the strictest honour. He was most unwilling to thrust
+himself in between Constable and Longman. Instead, therefore, of jumping
+at Constable's advantageous offer, his feelings induced him to promote a
+reconciliation between the parties; and he continued to enjoin
+forbearance on the part of both firms, so that they might carry on their
+business transactions as before. Copies of the correspondence between
+Constable and the Longmans were submitted to referees (Murray and
+Davies), and the following was Mr. Murray's reply, addressed to Messrs.
+Constable & Co.:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Constable & Co_.
+
+_December_ 14, 1805.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+Mr. Hunter's obliging letter to me arrived this morning. That which he
+enclosed with yours to his brother last night, Charles gave me to read.
+The contents were very flattering. Indeed, I cannot but agree with Mr.
+H. that his brother has displayed very honourable feelings, upon hearing
+of the probable separation of your house, and that of Messrs. Longman &
+Co. Mr. Longman was the first who mentioned this to him, and indeed from
+the manner in which Charles related his conversation upon the affair, I
+could not but feel renewed sensations of regret at the unpleasant
+termination of a correspondence, which, had it been conducted upon Mr.
+Longman's own feelings, would have borne, I think, a very different
+aspect. Longman spoke of you both with kindness, and mildly complained
+that he had perceived a want of confidence on your part, ever since his
+junction with Messrs. Hurst & Orme. He confessed that the correspondence
+was too harsh for him to support any longer; but, he added, "_if we must
+part, let us part like friends_." I am certain, from what Charles
+reported to me, that Mr. L. and I think Mr. R. [Rees] are hurt by this
+sudden disunion.
+
+Recollect how serious every dispute becomes upon paper, when a man
+writes a thousand asperities merely to show or support his superior
+ability. Things that would not have been spoken, or perhaps even thought
+of in conversation, are stated and horribly magnified _upon paper_.
+Consider how many disputes have arisen in the world, in which both
+parties were so violent in what they believed to be the support of
+truth, and which to the public, and indeed to themselves a few years
+afterwards, appeared unwise, because the occasion or cause of it was not
+worth contending about. Consider that you are, all of you, men who can
+depend upon each other's probity and honour, and where these essentials
+are not wanting, surely in mere matters of business the rest may be
+palliated by mutual bearance and forbearance. Besides, you are so
+connected by various publications, your common property, and some of
+them such as will remain so until the termination of your lives, that
+you cannot effect an entire disunion, and must therefore be subject to
+eternal vexations and regrets which will embitter every transaction and
+settlement between you.
+
+You know, moreover, that it is one of the misfortunes of our nature,
+that disputes are always the most bitter in proportion to former
+intimacy. And how much dissatisfaction will it occasion if either of you
+are desirous in a year or two of renewing that intimacy which you are
+now so anxious to dissolve--to say nothing of your relative utility to
+each other--a circumstance which is never properly estimated, except
+when the want of the means reminds us of what we have been at such pains
+to deprive ourselves. Pause, my dear sirs, whilst to choose be yet in
+your power; show yourselves superior to common prejudice, and by an
+immediate exercise of your acknowledged pre-eminence of intellect,
+suffer arrangements to be made for an accommodation and for a renewal of
+that connexion which has heretofore been productive of honour and
+profit. I am sure I have to apologize for having ventured to say so much
+to men so much my superiors in sense and knowledge of the world and
+their own interest; but sometimes the meanest bystander may perceive
+disadvantages in the movements of the most skilful players.
+
+You will not, I am sure, attribute anything which I have said to an
+insensibility to the immediate advantages which will arise to myself
+from a determination opposite to that which I have taken the liberty of
+suggesting. It arises from a very different feeling. I should be very
+little worthy of your great confidence and attention to my interest upon
+this occasion, if I did not state freely the result of my humble
+consideration of this matter; and having done so, I do assure you that
+if the arrangements which you now propose are carried into effect, I
+will apply the most arduous attention to your interest, to which I will
+turn the channel of my own thoughts and business, which, I am proud to
+say, is rising in proportion to the industry and honourable principles
+which have been used in its establishment. I am every day adding to a
+most respectable circle of literary connexions, and I hope, a few months
+after the settlement of your present affairs, to offer shares to you of
+works in which you will feel it advantageous to engage. Besides, as I
+have at present no particular bias, no enormous works of my own which
+would need all my care, I am better qualified to attend to any that you
+may commit to my charge; and, being young, my business may be formed
+with a disposition, as it were, towards yours; and thus growing up with
+it, we are more likely to form a durable connexion than can be expected
+with persons whose views are imperceptibly but incessantly diverging
+from each other.
+
+Should you be determined--_irrevocably_ determined (but consider!) upon
+the disunion with Messrs. Longman, I will just observe that when persons
+have been intimate, they have discovered each other's vulnerable points;
+it therefore shows no great talent to direct at them shafts of
+resentment. It is easy both to write and to say ill-natured, harsh, and
+cutting things of each other. But remember that this power is _mutual_,
+and in proportion to the poignancy of the wound which you would inflict
+will be your own feelings when it is returned. It is therefore a maxim
+which I laid down soon after a separation which I _had_, never to say or
+do to my late colleague what he could say or do against me in return. I
+knew that I had the personal superiority, but what his own ingenuity
+could not suggest, others could write for him.
+
+I must apologise again for having been so tedious, but I am sure that
+the same friendliness on your part which has produced these hasty but
+well-meant expostulations will excuse them. After this, I trust it is
+unnecessary for me to state with how much sincerity,
+
+I am, dear sirs,
+
+Your faithful friend,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Ten days after this letter was written, Mr. Murray sent a copy of it to
+Messrs. Longman & Co., and wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Longman & Co_,
+
+_December_ 24, 1805.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+The enclosed letter will show that I am not ignorant that a
+misunderstanding prevails betwixt your house and that of Messrs.
+Constable & Co. With the cause, however, I am as yet unacquainted;
+though I have attempted, but in vain, to obviate a disunion which I most
+sincerely regret. Whatever arrangements with regard to myself may take
+place in consequence will have arisen from circumstances which it was
+not in my power to prevent; and they will not therefore be suffered to
+interfere in any way with those friendly dispositions which will
+continue, I trust, to obtain between you and, gentlemen,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+But the split was not to be avoided. It appears, however, that by the
+contract entered into by Constable with Longmans in 1803, the latter had
+acquired a legal right precluding the publication of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ by another publisher without their express assent. Such assent
+was not given, and the London publication of the _Edinburgh_ continued
+in Longman's hands for a time; but all the other works of Constable were
+at once transferred to Mr. Murray.
+
+Mr. Constable invited Murray to come to Edinburgh to renew their
+personal friendship, the foundations of which had been laid during Mr.
+Murray's visit to Edinburgh in the previous year; and now that their
+union was likely to be much closer, he desired to repeat the visit. Mr.
+Murray had another, and, so far as regarded his personal happiness, a
+much more important object in view. This arose out of the affection
+which he had begun to entertain for Miss Elliot, daughter of the late
+Charles Elliot, publisher, with whom Mr. Murray's father had been in
+such constant correspondence. The affection was mutual, and it seemed
+probable that the attachment would ripen into a marriage.
+
+Now that his reputation as a publisher was becoming established, Mr.
+Murray grew more particular as to the guise of the books which he
+issued. He employed the best makers of paper, the best printers, and the
+best book-binders. He attended to the size and tone of the paper, and
+quality of the type, the accuracy of the printing, and the excellence of
+the illustrations. All this involved a great deal of correspondence. We
+find his letters to the heads of departments full of details as to the
+turn-out of his books. Everything, from the beginning to the end of the
+issue of a work--the first inspection of the MS., the consultation with
+confidential friends as to its fitness for publication, the form in
+which it was to appear, the correction of the proofs, the binding,
+title, and final advertisement--engaged his closest attention. Besides
+the elegant appearance of his books, he also aimed at raising the
+standard of the literature which he published. He had to criticize as
+well as to select; to make suggestions as to improvements where the
+manuscript was regarded with favour, and finally to launch the book at
+the right time and under the best possible auspices. It might almost be
+said of the publisher, as it is of the poet, that he is born, not made.
+And Mr. Murray appears, from the beginning to the end of his career, to
+have been a born publisher.
+
+In August 1806, during the slack season in London, Mr. Murray made his
+promised visit to Edinburgh. He was warmly received by Constable and
+Hunter, and enjoyed their hospitality for some days. After business
+matters had been disposed of, he was taken in hand by Hunter, the junior
+partner, and led off by him to enjoy the perilous hospitality of the
+Forfarshire lairds.
+
+Those have been called the days of heroic drinking. Intemperance
+prevailed to an enormous extent. It was a time of greater
+licentiousness, perhaps, in all the capitals of Europe, and this
+northern one among the rest, than had been known for a long period. Men
+of the best education and social position drank like the Scandinavian
+barbarians of olden times. Tavern-drinking, now almost unknown among the
+educated and professional classes of Edinburgh, was then carried by all
+ranks to a dreadful excess.
+
+Murray was conducted by Hunter to his father's house of Eskmount in
+Forfarshire, where he was most cordially received, and in accordance
+with the custom of the times the hospitality included invitations to
+drinking bouts at the neighbouring houses.
+
+An unenviable notoriety in this respect attached to William Maule
+(created Baron Panmure 1831). He was the second son of the eighth Earl
+of Dalhousie, but on succeeding, through his grandmother, to the estates
+of the Earls of Panmure, he had assumed the name of Maule in lieu of
+that of Ramsay.
+
+Much against his will, Murray was compelled to take part in some of
+these riotous festivities with the rollicking, hard-drinking Forfarshire
+lairds, and doubtless he was not sorry to make his escape at length
+uninjured, if not unscathed, and to return to more congenial society in
+Edinburgh. His attachment to Miss Elliot ended in an engagement.
+
+In the course of his correspondence with Miss Elliot's trustees, Mr.
+Murray gave a statement of his actual financial position at the time:
+
+"When I say," he wrote, "that my capital in business amounts to five
+thousand pounds, I meant it to be understood that if I quitted business
+to-morrow, the whole of my property being sold, even disadvantageously,
+it would leave a balance in my favour, free from debt or any
+incumbrance, of the sum above specified. But you will observe that,
+continuing it as I shall do in business, I know it to be far more
+considerable and productive. I will hope that it has not been thought
+uncandid in me if I did not earlier specify the amount of my
+circumstances, for I considered that I had done this in the most
+delicate and satisfactory way when I took the liberty of referring you
+to Mr. Constable to whom I consequently disclosed my affairs, and whose
+knowledge of my connexions in business might I thought have operated
+more pleasingly to Miss Elliot's friends than any communication from
+myself."
+
+The correspondence with Miss Elliot went on, and at length it was
+arranged that Mr. Murray should proceed to Edinburgh for the marriage.
+He went by mail in the month of February. A tremendous snowstorm set in
+on his journey north. From a village near Doncaster he wrote to
+Constable: "The horses were twice blown quite round, unable to face the
+horrid blast of cold wind, the like of which I have never known before.
+There was at the same time a terrible fall of snow, which completely
+obscured everything that could be seen from the coach window. The snow
+became of great depth, and six strong horses could scarcely pull us
+through. We are four hours behind time." From Doncaster he went to
+Durham in a postchaise; and pushing onward, he at last reached Edinburgh
+after six days' stormy travelling.
+
+While at Edinburgh, Mr. Murray resided with Mr. Sands, one of the late
+Charles Elliot's trustees. The marriage took place on March 6, 1807, and
+the newly married pair at once started for Kelso, in spite of the roads
+being still very bad, and obstructed by snow. Near Blackshields the
+horses fell down and rolled over and over. The postboy's leg was broken,
+and the carriage was sadly damaged. A neighbouring blacksmith was called
+to the rescue, and after an hour and a half the carriage was
+sufficiently repaired to be able to proceed. A fresh pair of horses was
+obtained at the next stage, and the married couple reached Kelso in
+safety. They remained there a few days, waiting for Mrs. Elliot, who
+was to follow them; and on her arrival, they set out at once for the
+south.
+
+The intimacy which existed between Mr. Murray and Mr. D'Israeli will be
+observed from the fact that the latter was selected as one of the
+marriage trustees. A few days after the arrival of the married pair in
+London, they were invited to dine with Mr. D'Israeli and his friends.
+Mr. Alexander Hunter, whom Mr. Murray had invited to stay with him
+during his visit to London, thus describes the event:
+
+"Dressed, and went along with the Clan Murray to dine at Mr.
+D'Israeli's, where we had a most sumptuous banquet, and a very large
+party, in honour of the newly married folks. There was a very beautiful
+woman there, Mrs. Turner, wife of Sharon Turner, the Anglo-Saxon
+historian, who, I am told, was one of the Godwin school! If they be all
+as beautiful, accomplished, and agreeable as this lady, they must be a
+deuced dangerous set indeed, and I should not choose to trust myself
+amongst them.
+
+"Our male part of the company consisted mostly of literary
+men--Cumberland, Turner, D'Israeli, Basevi, Prince Hoare, and Cervetto,
+the truly celebrated violoncello player. Turner was the most able and
+agreeable of the whole by far; Cumberland, the most talkative and
+eccentric perhaps, has a good sprinkling of learning and humour in his
+conversation and anecdote, from having lived so long amongst the eminent
+men of his day, such as Johnson, Foote, Garrick, and such like. But his
+conversation is sadly disgusting, from his tone of irony and detraction
+conveyed in a cunning sort of way and directed constantly against the
+_Edinburgh Review_, Walter Scott (who is a 'poor ignorant boy, and no
+poet,' and never wrote a five-feet line in his life), and such other
+d----d stuff."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+"MARMION"--CONSTABLES AND BALLANTYNES--THE "EDINBURGH REVIEW"
+
+
+Mr. Murray was twenty-nine years old at the time of his marriage. That
+he was full of contentment as well as hope at this time may be inferred
+from his letter to Constable three weeks after his marriage:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Constable_.
+
+_March 27, 1807_.
+
+"I declare to you that I am every day more content with my lot. Neither
+my wife nor I have any disposition for company or going out; and you may
+rest assured that I shall devote all my attention to business, and that
+your concerns will not be less the object of my regard merely because
+you have raised mine so high. Every moment, my dear Constable, I feel
+more grateful to you, and I trust that you will over find me your
+faithful friend.--J.M."
+
+Some of the most important events in Murray's career occurred during the
+first year of his married life. Chief among them may perhaps be
+mentioned his part share in the publication of "Marmion" (in February
+1808)--which brought him into intimate connection with Walter Scott--and
+his appointment for a time as publisher in London of the _Edinburgh
+Review_; for he was thus brought into direct personal contact with those
+forces which ultimately led to the chief literary enterprise of his
+life--the publication of the _Quarterly Review_.
+
+Mr. Scott called upon Mr. Murray in London shortly after the return of
+the latter from his marriage in Edinburgh.
+
+"Mr. Scott called upon me on Tuesday, and we conversed for an hour....
+He appears very anxious that 'Marmion' should be published by the
+King's birthday.... He said he wished it to be ready by that time for
+very particular reasons; and yet he allows that the poem is not
+completed, and that he is yet undetermined if he shall make his hero
+happy or otherwise."
+
+The other important event, to which allusion has been made, was the
+transfer to Mr. Murray of part of the London agency for the _Edinburgh
+Review_. At the beginning of 1806 Murray sold 1,000 copies of the
+_Review_ on the day of its publication, and the circulation was steadily
+increasing. Constable proposed to transfer the entire London publication
+to Murray, but the Longmans protested, under the terms of their existing
+agreement. In April 1807 they employed as their attorney Mr. Sharon
+Turner, one of Murray's staunchest allies. Turner informed him, through
+a common friend, of his having been retained by the Longmans; but Murray
+said he could not in any way "feel hurt at so proper and indispensable a
+pursuit of his profession." The opinion of counsel was in favour of the
+Messrs. Longman's contention, and of their "undisputable rights to
+one-half of the _Edinburgh Review_ so long as it continues to be
+published under that title."
+
+Longman & Co. accordingly obtained an injunction to prevent the
+publication of the _Edinburgh Review_ by any other publisher in London
+without their express consent.
+
+Matters were brought to a crisis by the following letter, written by the
+editor, Mr. Francis Jeffrey, to Messrs. Constable & Co.:
+
+_June 1_, 1807.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+I believe you understand already that neither I nor any of the original
+and regular writers in the _Review_ will ever contribute a syllable to a
+work belonging to booksellers. It is proper, however, to announce this
+to you distinctly, that you may have no fear of hardship or
+disappointment in the event of Mr. Longman succeeding in his claim to
+the property of this work. If that claim be not speedily rejected or
+abandoned, it is our fixed resolution to withdraw entirely from the
+_Edinburgh Review_; to publish to all the world that the conductor and
+writers of the former numbers have no sort of connection with those that
+may afterwards appear; and probably to give notice of our intention to
+establish a new work of a similar nature under a different title.
+
+I have the honour to be, gentlemen,
+
+Your very obedient servant,
+
+F. JEFFREY.
+
+A copy of this letter was at once forwarded to Messrs. Longman.
+Constable, in his communication accompanying it, assured the publishers
+that, in the event of the editor and contributors to the _Edinburgh
+Review_ withdrawing from the publication and establishing a new
+periodical, the existing _Review_ would soon be of no value either to
+proprietors or publishers, and requested to be informed whether they
+would not be disposed to transfer their interest in the property, and,
+if so, on what considerations. Constable added: "We are apprehensive
+that the editors will not postpone for many days longer that public
+notification of their secession, which we cannot help anticipating as
+the death-blow of the publication."
+
+Jeffrey's decision seems to have settled the matter. Messrs. Longman
+agreed to accept L1,000 for their claim of property in the title and
+future publication of the _Edinburgh Review_. The injunction was
+removed, and the London publication of the _Review_ was forthwith
+transferred to John Murray, 32, Fleet Street, under whose auspices No.
+22 accordingly appeared.
+
+Thus far all had gone on smoothly. But a little cloud, at first no
+bigger than a man's hand, made its appearance, and it grew and grew
+until it threw a dark shadow over the friendship of Constable and
+Murray, and eventually led to their complete separation. This was the
+system of persistent drawing of accommodation bills, renewals of bills,
+and promissory notes. Constable began to draw heavily upon Murray in
+April 1807, and the promissory notes went on accumulating until they
+constituted a mighty mass of paper money. Murray's banker cautioned him
+against the practice. But repeated expostulation was of no use against
+the impetuous needs of Constable & Co. Only two months after the
+transfer of the publication of the _Review_ to Mr. Murray, we find him
+writing to "Dear Constable" as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Archd. Constable_.
+
+_October 1, 1807_.
+
+"I should not have allowed myself time to write to you to-day, were not
+the occasion very urgent. Your people have so often of late omitted to
+give you timely notice of the day when my acceptances fell due, that I
+have suffered an inconvenience too great for me to have expressed to
+you, had it not occurred so often that it is impossible for me to
+undergo the anxiety which it occasions. A bill of yours for L200 was due
+yesterday, and I have been obliged to supply the means for paying it,
+without any notice for preparation.... I beg of you to insist upon this
+being regulated, as I am sure you must desire it to be, so that I may
+receive the cash for your bills two days at least before they are due."
+
+Mr. Murray then gives a list of debts of his own (including some of
+Constable's) amounting to L1,073, which he has to pay in the following
+week. From a cash account made out by Mr. Murray on October 3, it
+appears that the bill transactions with Constable had become enormous;
+they amounted to not less than L10,000.
+
+The correspondence continued in the same strain, and it soon became
+evident that this state of things could not be allowed to continue.
+Reconciliations took place from time to time, but interruptions again
+occurred, mostly arising from the same source--a perpetual flood of
+bills and promissory notes, from one side and the other--until Murray
+found it necessary to put an end to it peremptorily. Towards the end of
+1808 Messrs. Constable established at No. 10 Ludgate Street a London
+house for the sale of the _Edinburgh Review_, and the other works in
+which they were concerned, under the title of Constable, Hunter, Park &
+Hunter. This, doubtless, tended to widen the breach between Constable
+and Murray, though it left the latter free to enter into arrangements
+for establishing a Review of his own, an object which he had already
+contemplated.
+
+There were many books in which the two houses had a joint interest, and,
+therefore, their relations could not be altogether discontinued.
+"Marmion" was coming out in successive editions; but the correspondence
+between the publishers grew cooler and cooler, and Constable had
+constant need to delay payments and renew bills.
+
+Mr. Murray had also considerable bill transactions with Ballantyne & Co.
+of Edinburgh. James and John Ballantyne had been schoolfellows of Walter
+Scott at Kelso, and the acquaintance there formed was afterwards
+renewed. James Ballantyne established the _Kelso Mail_ in 1796, but at
+the recommendation of Scott, for whom he had printed a collection of
+ballads, he removed to Edinburgh in 1802. There he printed the "Border
+Minstrelsy," for Scott, who assisted him with money. Ballantyne was in
+frequent and intimate correspondence with Murray from the year 1806, and
+had printed for him Hogg's "Ettrick Shepherd," and other works.
+
+It was at this time that Scott committed the great error of his life.
+His professional income was about L1,000 a year, and with the profits of
+his works he might have built Abbotsford and lived in comfort and
+luxury. But in 1805 he sacrificed everything by entering into
+partnership with James Ballantyne, and embarking in his printing concern
+almost the whole of the capital which he possessed. He was bound to the
+firm for twenty years, and during that time he produced his greatest
+works. It is true that but for the difficulties in which he was latterly
+immersed, we might never have known the noble courage with which he met
+and rose superior to misfortune.
+
+In 1808 a scheme of great magnitude was under contemplation by Murray
+and the Ballantynes. It was a uniform edition of the "British
+Novelists," beginning with De Foe, and ending with the novelists at the
+close of last century; with biographical prefaces and illustrative notes
+by Walter Scott. A list of the novels, written in the hand of John
+Murray, includes thirty-six British, besides eighteen foreign authors.
+The collection could not have been completed in less than two hundred
+volumes. The scheme, if it did not originate with Walter Scott, had at
+least his cordial support.
+
+Mr. Murray not unreasonably feared the cost of carrying such an
+undertaking to completion. It could not have amounted to less than
+twenty thousand pounds. Yet the Ballantynes urged him on. They furnished
+statements of the cost of printing and paper for each volume. "It really
+strikes me," said James Ballantyne, "the more I think of and examine it,
+to be the happiest speculation that has ever been thought of."
+
+This undertaking eventually fell through. Only the works of De Foe were
+printed by the Messrs. Ballantyne, and published by Mr. Murray. The
+attention of the latter became absorbed by a subject of much greater
+importance to him--the establishment of the _Quarterly Review_. This for
+a time threw most of his other schemes into the shade.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+ORIGIN OF THE "QUARTERLY REVIEW"
+
+
+The publication of a Tory Review was not the result of a sudden
+inspiration. The scheme had long been pondered over. Mr. Canning had
+impressed upon Mr. Pitt the importance of securing the newspaper press,
+then almost entirely Whiggish or Revolutionary, on the side of his
+administration. To combat, in some measure, the democratic principles
+then in full swing, Mr. Canning, with others, started, in November 1797,
+the _Anti-Jacobin, or Weekly Examiner_.
+
+The _Anti-Jacobin_ ceased to be published in 1798, when Canning, having
+been appointed Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, found his
+time fully occupied by the business of his department, as well as by his
+parliamentary duties, and could no longer take part in that clever
+publication.
+
+Four years later, in October 1802, the first number of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ was published. It appeared at the right time, and, as the first
+quarterly organ of the higher criticism, evidently hit the mark at which
+it aimed. It was conducted by some of the cleverest literary young men
+in Edinburgh--Jeffrey, Brougham, Sydney Smith, Francis Horner, Dr.
+Thomas Brown, and others. Though Walter Scott was not a founder of the
+_Review_, he was a frequent contributor.
+
+In its early days the criticism was rude, and wanting in delicate
+insight; for the most part too dictatorial, and often unfair. Thus
+Jeffrey could never appreciate the merits of Wordsworth, Southey, and
+Coleridge. "This will never do!" was the commencement of his review of
+Wordsworth's noblest poem. Jeffrey boasted that he had "crushed the
+'Excursion.'" "He might as well say," observed Southey, "that he could
+crush Skiddaw." Ignorance also seems to have pervaded the article
+written by Brougham, in the second number of the _Edinburgh_, on Dr.
+Thomas Young's discovery of the true principles of interferences in the
+undulatory theory of light. Sir John Herschell, a more competent
+authority, said of Young's discovery, that it was sufficient of itself
+to have placed its author in the highest rank of scientific immortality.
+
+The situation seemed to Mr. Murray to warrant the following letter:
+
+_John Murray to the Right Hon. George Canning_.
+
+_September 25, 1807._
+
+Sir,
+
+I venture to address you upon a subject that is not, perhaps,
+undeserving of one moment of your attention. There is a work entitled
+the _Edinburgh Review_, written with such unquestionable talent that it
+has already attained an extent of circulation not equalled by any
+similar publication. The principles of this work are, however, so
+radically bad that I have been led to consider the effect that such
+sentiments, so generally diffused, are likely to produce, and to think
+that some means equally popular ought to be adopted to counteract their
+dangerous tendency. But the publication in question is conducted with so
+much ability, and is sanctioned with such high and decisive authority by
+the party of whose opinions it is the organ, that there is little hope
+of producing against it any effectual opposition, unless it arise from
+you, Sir, and your friends. Should you, Sir, think the idea worthy of
+encouragement, I should, with equal pride and willingness, engage my
+arduous exertions to promote its success; but as my object is nothing
+short of producing a work of the greatest talent and importance, I shall
+entertain it no longer if it be not so fortunate as to obtain the high
+patronage which I have thus taken the liberty to solicit.
+
+Permit me, Sir, to add that the person who addresses you is no
+adventurer, but a man of some property, and inheriting a business that
+has been established for nearly a century. I therefore trust that my
+application will be attributed to its proper motives, and that your
+goodness will at least pardon its obtrusion.
+
+I have the honour to be, Sir, Your must humble and obedient Servant,
+
+John Murray.
+
+So far as can be ascertained, Mr. Canning did not answer this letter in
+writing. But a communication was shortly after opened with him through
+Mr. Stratford Canning, whose acquaintance Mr. Murray had made through
+the publication of the "Miniature," referred to in a preceding chapter.
+Mr. Canning was still acting as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
+and was necessarily cautious, but Mr. Stratford Canning, his cousin, was
+not bound by any such official restraints. In January 1808 he introduced
+Mr. Gifford to Mr. Murray, and the starting of the proposed new
+periodical was the subject of many consultations between them.
+
+Walter Scott still continued to write for the _Edinburgh_,
+notwithstanding the differences of opinion which existed between himself
+and the editor as to political questions. He was rather proud of the
+_Review_, inasmuch as it was an outgrowth of Scottish literature. Scott
+even endeavoured to enlist new contributors, for the purpose of
+strengthening the _Review_. He wrote to Robert Southey in 1807, inviting
+him to contribute to the _Edinburgh_. The honorarium was to be ten
+guineas per sheet of sixteen pages. This was a very tempting invitation
+to Southey, as he was by no means rich at the time, and the pay was more
+than he received for his contributions to the _Annual Register_, but he
+replied to Scott as follows:
+
+_Mr. Southey to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_December, 1807_.
+
+"I have scarcely one opinion in common with it [the _Edinburgh Review_]
+upon any subject.... Whatever of any merit I might insert there would
+aid and abet opinions hostile to my own, and thus identify me with a
+system which I thoroughly disapprove. This is not said hastily. The
+emolument to be derived from writing at ten guineas a sheet, Scotch
+measure, instead of seven pounds for the _Annual_, would be
+considerable; the pecuniary advantage resulting from the different
+manner in which my future works would be handled [by the _Review_]
+probably still more so. But my moral feelings must not be compromised.
+To Jeffrey as an individual I shall ever be ready to show every kind of
+individual courtesy; but of Judge Jeffrey of the _Edinburgh Review_ I
+must ever think and speak as of a bad politician, a worse moralist, and
+a critic, in matters of taste, equally incompetent and unjust."
+[Footnote: "The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey," iii. pp.
+124-5.] Walter Scott, before long, was led to entertain the same opinion
+of the _Edinburgh Review_ as Southey. A severe and unjust review of
+"Marmion," by Jeffrey, appeared in 1808, accusing Scott of a mercenary
+spirit in writing for money (though Jeffrey himself was writing for
+money in the same article), and further irritating Scott by asserting
+that he "had neglected Scottish feelings and Scottish characters."
+"Constable," writes Scott to his brother Thomas, in November 1808, "or
+rather that Bear, his partner [Mr. Hunter], has behaved by me of late
+not very civilly, and I owe Jeffrey a flap with a foxtail on account of
+his review of 'Marmion,' and thus doth the whirligig of time bring about
+my revenges."
+
+Murray, too, was greatly annoyed by the review of "Marmion." "Scott," he
+used to say, "may forgive but he can never forget this treatment"; and,
+to quote the words of Mr. Lockhart: "When he read the article on
+'Marmion,' and another on foreign politics, in the same number of the
+_Edinburgh Review_, Murray said to himself, 'Walter Scott has feelings,
+both as a gentleman and a Tory, which these people must now have
+wounded; the alliance between him and the whole clique of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ is now shaken'"; and, as far at least as the political part of
+the affair was concerned, John Murray's sagacity was not at fault.
+
+Mr. Murray at once took advantage of this opening to draw closer the
+bonds between himself and Ballantyne, for he well knew who was the
+leading spirit in the firm, and showed himself desirous of obtaining the
+London agency of the publishing business, which, as he rightly
+discerned, would soon be started in connection with the Canongate Press,
+and in opposition to Constable. The large increase of work which Murray
+was prepared to place in the hands of the printers induced Ballantyne to
+invite him to come as far as Ferrybridge in Yorkshire for a personal
+conference. At this interview various new projects were discussed--among
+them the proposed Novelists' Library--and from the information which he
+then obtained as to Scott's personal feelings and literary projects,
+Murray considered himself justified in at once proceeding to Ashestiel,
+in order to lay before Scott himself, in a personal interview, his great
+scheme for the new Review. He arrived there about the middle of October
+1808, and was hospitably welcomed and entertained. He stated his plans,
+mentioned the proposed editor of the Review, the probable contributors,
+and earnestly invited the assistance of Scott himself.
+
+During Murray's visit to Ashestiel No. 26 of the _Edinburgh Review_
+arrived. It contained an article entitled "Don Cevallos on the
+Occupation of Spain." It was long supposed that the article was written
+by Brougham, but it has since been ascertained that Jeffrey himself was
+the author of it. This article gave great offence to the friends of
+rational liberty and limited monarchy in this country. Scott forthwith
+wrote to Constable: "The _Edinburgh Review had_ become such as to render
+it impossible for me to become a contributor to it; _now_ it is such as
+I can no longer continue to receive or read it."
+
+"The list of the then subscribers," said Mr. Cadell to Mr. Lockhart,
+"exhibits, in an indignant dash of Constable's pen opposite Mr. Scott's
+name, the word 'STOPT!'"
+
+Mr. Murray never forgot his visit to Ashestiel. Scott was kindness
+itself; Mrs. Scott was equally cordial and hospitable. Richard Heber was
+there at the time, and the three went out daily to explore the scenery
+of the neighbourhood. They visited Melrose Abbey, the Tweed, and
+Dryburgh Abbey, not very remote from Melrose, where Scott was himself to
+lie; they ascended the Eildon Hills, Scott on his sheltie often stopping
+by the way to point out to Murray and Heber, who were on foot, some
+broad meadow or heather-clad ground, as a spot where some legend held
+its seat, or some notable deed had been achieved during the wars of the
+Borders. Scott thus converted the barren hillside into a region of
+interest and delight. From the top of the Eildons he pointed out the
+scene of some twenty battles.
+
+Very soon after his return to London, Murray addressed the following
+letter to Mr. Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_October_ 26, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Although the pressure of business since my return to London has
+prevented me writing to you sooner, yet my thoughts have, I assure you,
+been almost completely employed upon the important subjects of the
+conversation with which you honoured me during the time I was
+experiencing the obliging hospitality of Mrs. Scott and yourself at
+Ashestiel.
+
+Then, after a reference to the Novelists' Library mentioned in the last
+chapter, the letter continues:
+
+"I have seen Mr. William Gifford, hinting distantly at a Review; he
+admitted the most imperious necessity for one, and that too in a way
+that leads me to think that he has had very important communications
+upon the subject.... I feel more than ever confident that the higher
+powers are exceedingly desirous for the establishment of some
+counteracting publication; and it will, I suspect, remain only for your
+appearance in London to urge some very formidable plan into activity."
+
+This letter was crossed in transit by the following:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ASHESTIEL, BY SELKIRK, _October_ 30, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+"Since I had the pleasure of seeing you I have the satisfaction to find
+that Mr. Gifford has accepted the task of editing the intended Review.
+This was communicated to me by the Lord Advocate, who at the same time
+requested me to write Mr. Gifford on the subject. I have done so at
+great length, pointing out whatever occurred to me on the facilities or
+difficulties of the work in general, as well as on the editorial
+department, offering at the same time all the assistance in my power to
+set matters upon a good footing and to keep them so. I presume he will
+have my letter by the time this reaches you, and that he will
+communicate with you fully upon the details. I am as certain as of my
+existence that the plan will answer, provided sufficient attention is
+used in procuring and selecting articles of merit."
+
+What Scott thought of Murray's visit to Ashestiel may be inferred from
+his letter to his political confidant, George Ellis, of which, as it has
+already appeared in Scott's Life, it is only necessary to give extracts
+here:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. George Ellis_.
+
+_November_ 2, 1808.
+
+DEAR ELLIS,
+
+"We had, equally to our joy and surprise, a flying visit from Heber
+about three weeks ago. He staid but three days, but, between old stories
+and new, we made them very merry in their passage. During his stay, John
+Murray, the bookseller in Fleet Street, who has more real knowledge of
+what concerns his business than any of his brethren--at least, than any
+of them that I know--came to canvass a most important plan, of which I
+am now, in "dern privacie," to give you the outline. I had most strongly
+recommended to our Lord Advocate (the Right Hon. J.C. Colquhoun) to
+think of some counter measures against the _Edinburgh Review_. which,
+politically speaking, is doing incalculable damage. I do not mean this
+in a party way; the present ministry are not all I could wish them, for
+(Canning excepted) I doubt there is among them too much
+_self-seeking...._ But their political principles are sound English
+principles, and, compared to the greedy and inefficient horde which
+preceded them, they are angels of light and purity. It is obvious,
+however, that they want defenders, both in and out of doors. Pitt's
+
+  "Love and fear glued many friends to him;
+  And now he's fallen, those tough co-mixtures melt."
+
+Then, after a reference to the large circulation (9,000) and mischievous
+politics of the _Edinburgh Review_, he proceeds:
+
+"Now, I think there is balm in Gilead for all this, and that the cure
+lies in instituting such a Review in London as should be conducted
+totally independent of bookselling influence, on a plan as liberal as
+that of the _Edinburgh_, its literature as well supported, and its
+principles English and constitutional. Accordingly, I have been given to
+understand that Mr. William Gifford is willing to become the conductor
+of such a work, and I have written to him, at the Lord Advocate's
+desire, a very voluminous letter on the subject. Now, should this plan
+succeed, you must hang your birding-piece on its hook, take down your
+old Anti-Jacobin armour, and "remember your swashing blow." It is not
+that I think this projected Review ought to be exclusively or
+principally political; this would, in my opinion, absolutely counteract
+its purpose, which I think should be to offer to those who love their
+country, and to those whom we would wish to love it, a periodical work
+of criticism conducted with equal talent, but upon sounder principles.
+Is not this very possible? In point of learning, you Englishmen have ten
+times our scholarship; and, as for talent and genius, "Are not Abana and
+Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than any of the rivers in Israel?"
+Have we not yourself and your cousin, the Roses, Malthus, Matthias,
+Gifford, Heber, and his brother? Can I not procure you a score of
+blue-caps who would rather write for us than for the _Edinburgh Review_
+if they got as much pay by it? "A good plot, good friends, and full of
+expectation--an excellent plot, very good friends!"
+
+Heber's fear was lest we should fail in procuring regular steady
+contributors; but I know so much of the interior discipline of reviewing
+as to have no apprehension of that. Provided we are once set a-going by
+a few dashing numbers, there would be no fear of enlisting regular
+contributors; but the amateurs must bestir themselves in the first
+instance. From the Government we should be entitled to expect
+confidential communications as to points of fact (so far as fit to be
+made public) in our political disquisitions. With this advantage, our
+good cause and St. George to boot, we may at least divide the field with
+our formidable competitors, who, after all, are much better at cutting
+than parrying, and whose uninterrupted triumph has as much unfitted them
+for resisting a serious attack as it has done Buonaparte for the Spanish
+war. Jeffrey is, to be sure, a man of the most uncommon versatility of
+talent, but what then?
+
+
+"General Howe is a gallant commander,
+There are others as gallant as he."
+
+
+Think of all this, and let me hear from you very soon on the subject.
+Canning is, I have good reason to know, very anxious about the plan. I
+mentioned it to Robert Dundas, who was here with his lady for a few days
+on a pilgrimage to Melrose, and he highly approved of it. Though no
+literary man, he is judicious, _clair-voyant_, and uncommonly
+sound-headed, like his father, Lord Melville. With the exceptions I have
+mentioned, the thing continues a secret....
+
+Ever yours,
+
+Walter Scott."
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 2, 1808.
+
+I transmitted my letter to Mr. Gifford through the Lord Advocate, and
+left it open that Mr. Canning might read it if he thought it worth
+while. I have a letter from the Advocate highly approving my views, so I
+suppose you will very soon hear from Mr. Gifford specifically on the
+subject. It is a matter of immense consequence that something shall be
+set about, and that without delay....
+
+The points on which I chiefly insisted with Mr. Gifford were that the
+Review should be independent both as to bookselling and ministerial
+influences--meaning that we were not to be advocates of party through
+thick and thin, but to maintain constitutional principles. Moreover, I
+stated as essential that the literary part of the work should be as
+sedulously attended to as the political, because it is by means of that
+alone that the work can acquire any firm and extended reputation.
+
+Moreover yet, I submitted that each contributor should draw money for
+his article, be his rank what it may. This general rule has been of
+great use to the _Edinburgh Review_. Of terms I said nothing, except
+that your views on the subject seemed to me highly liberal. I do not add
+further particulars because I dare say Mr. Gifford will show you the
+letter, which is a very long one. Believe me, my dear Sir, with sincere
+regard,
+
+Your faithful, humble Servant,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+
+In a subsequent letter to Mr. Ellis, Scott again indicates what he
+considers should be the proper management of the proposed Review.
+
+"Let me touch," he says, "a string of much delicacy--the political
+character of the Review. It appears to me that this should be of a
+liberal and enlarged nature, resting upon principles--indulgent and
+conciliatory as far as possible upon mere party questions, but stern in
+detecting and exposing all attempts to sap our constitutional fabric.
+Religion is another slippery station; here also I would endeavour to be
+as impartial as the subject will admit of.... The truth is, there is
+policy, as well as morality, in keeping our swords clear as well as
+sharp, and not forgetting the Gentleman in the Critic. The public
+appetite is soon gorged with any particular style. The common Reviews,
+before the appearance of the _Edinburgh_, had become extremely mawkish;
+and, unless when prompted by the malice of the bookseller or reviewer,
+gave a dawdling, maudlin sort of applause to everything that reached
+even mediocrity. The _Edinburgh_ folks squeezed into their sauce plenty
+of acid, and were popular from novelty as well as from merit. The minor
+Reviews, and other periodical publications, have _outred_ the matter
+still further, and given us all abuse and no talent.... This, therefore,
+we have to trust to, that decent, lively, and reflecting criticism,
+teaching men not to abuse books, but to read and to judge them, will
+have the effect of novelty upon a public wearied with universal efforts
+at blackguard and indiscriminating satire. I have a long and very
+sensible letter [Footnote: Given below, under date November 15, 1808.]
+from John Murray, the bookseller, in which he touches upon this point
+very neatly."
+
+Scott was most assiduous in his preparations for the first number. He
+wrote to his brother, Thomas Scott, asking him to contribute an article;
+to Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, of Christ Church, Oxford; to Mr. Morritt,
+of Rokeby Park, Yorkshire; and to Robert Southey, of Keswick, asking
+them for contributions. To Mr. Sharpe he says:
+
+"The Hebers are engaged, item Rogers, Southey, Moore (Anacreon), and
+others whose reputations Jeffrey has murdered, and who are rising to cry
+woe upon him, like the ghosts in 'King Richard.'"
+
+Scott's letter to Gilford, the intended editor, was full of excellent
+advice. It was dated "Edinburgh, October 25, 1808." We quote from it
+several important passages:
+
+"John Murray, of Fleet Street," says Scott, "a young bookseller of
+capital and enterprise, and with more good sense and propriety of
+sentiment than fall to the share of most of the trade, made me a visit
+at Ashestiel a few weeks ago; and as I found he had had some
+communication with you upon the subject, I did not hesitate to
+communicate my sentiments to him on this and some other points of the
+plan, and I thought his ideas were most liberal and satisfactory.
+
+"The office of Editor is of such importance, that had you not been
+pleased to undertake it, I fear the plan would have fallen wholly to the
+ground. The full power of control must, of course, be vested in the
+editor for selecting, curtailing, and correcting the contributions to
+the Review. But this is not all; for, as he is the person immediately
+responsible to the bookseller that the work (amounting to a certain
+number of pages, more or less) shall be before the public at a certain
+time, it will be the editor's duty to consider in due turn the articles
+of which each number ought to consist, and to take measures for
+procuring them from the persons best qualified to write upon such and
+such subjects. But this is sometimes so troublesome, that I foresee with
+pleasure you will soon be obliged to abandon your resolution of writing
+nothing yourself. At the same time, if you will accept of my services as
+a sort of jackal or lion's provider, I will do all in my power to assist
+in this troublesome department of editorial duty.
+
+"But there is still something behind, and that of the last consequence.
+One great resource to which the _Edinburgh_ editor turns himself, and by
+which he gives popularity even to the duller articles of his _Review_,
+is accepting contributions from persons of inferior powers of writing,
+provided they understand the books to which their criticisms relate; and
+as such are often of stupefying mediocrity, he renders them palatable by
+throwing in a handful of spice, namely, any lively paragraph or
+entertaining illustration that occurs to him in reading them over. By
+this sort of veneering he converts, without loss of time or hindrance to
+business, articles, which in their original state might hang in the
+market, into such goods as are not likely to disgrace those among which
+they are placed. This seems to be a point in which an editor's
+assistance is of the last consequence, for those who possess the
+knowledge necessary to review books of research or abstruse
+disquisitions, are very often unable to put the criticisms into a
+readable, much more a pleasant and captivating form; and as their
+science cannot be attained 'for the nonce,' the only remedy is to supply
+their deficiencies, and give their lucubrations a more popular turn.
+
+"There is one opportunity possessed by you in a particular degree--that
+of access to the best sources of political information. It would not,
+certainly, be advisable that the work should assume, especially at the
+outset, a professed political character. On the contrary, the articles
+on science and miscellaneous literature ought to be of such a quality as
+might fairly challenge competition with the best of our contemporaries.
+But as the real reason of instituting the publication is the disgusting
+and deleterious doctrine with which the most popular of our Reviews
+disgraces its pages, it is essential to consider how this warfare should
+be managed. On this ground, I hope it is not too much to expect from
+those who have the power of assisting us, that they should on topics of
+great national interest furnish the reviewers, through the medium of
+their editor, with accurate views of points of fact, so far as they are
+fit to be made public. This is the most delicate and yet most essential
+part of our scheme.
+
+"On the one hand, it is certainly not to be understood that we are to be
+held down to advocate upon all occasions the cause of administration.
+Such a dereliction of independence would render us entirely useless for
+the purpose we mean to serve. On the other hand, nothing will render the
+work more interesting than the public learning, not from any vaunt of
+ours, but from their own observation, that we have access to early and
+accurate information on points of fact. The _Edinburgh Review_ has
+profited much by the pains which the Opposition party have taken to
+possess the writers of all the information they could give them on
+public matters. Let me repeat that you, my dear sir, from enjoying the
+confidence of Mr. Canning, and other persons in power, may easily obtain
+the confidential information necessary to give credit to the work, and
+communicate it to such as you may think proper to employ in laying it
+before the public."
+
+Mr. Scott further proceeded, in his letter to Mr. Gifford, to discuss
+the mode and time of publication, the choice of subjects, the persons to
+be employed as contributors, and the name of the proposed Review, thus
+thoroughly identifying himself with it.
+
+"Let our forces," he said, "for a number or two, consist of volunteers
+or amateurs, and when we have acquired some reputation, we shall soon
+levy and discipline our forces of the line. After all, the matter is
+become very serious--eight or nine thousand copies of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ are regularly distributed, merely because there is no other
+respectable and independent publication of the kind. In this city
+(Edinburgh), where there is not one Whig out of twenty men who read the
+work, many hundreds are sold; and how long the generality of readers
+will continue to dislike politics, so artfully mingled with information
+and amusement, is worthy of deep consideration. But it is not yet too
+late to stand in the breach; the first number ought, if possible, to be
+out in January, and if it can burst among them like a bomb, without
+previous notice, the effect will be more striking.
+
+"Of those who might be intrusted in the first instance you are a much
+better judge than I am. I think I can command the assistance of a friend
+or two here, particularly William Erskine, the Lord Advocate's
+brother-in-law and my most intimate friend. In London, you have Malthus,
+George Ellis, the Roses, _cum pluribus aliis_. Richard Heber was with me
+when Murray came to my farm, and, knowing his zeal for the good cause, I
+let him into our counsels. In Mr. Frere we have the hopes of a potent
+ally. The Rev. Reginald Heber would be an excellent coadjutor, and when
+I come to town I will sound Matthias. As strict secrecy would of course
+be observed, the diffidence of many might be overcome. For scholars you
+can be at no loss while Oxford stands where it did; and I think there
+will be no deficiency in the scientific articles."
+
+Thus instructed, Gifford proceeded to rally his forces. There was no
+want of contributors. Some came invited, some came unsought; but, as the
+matter was still a secret, the editor endeavoured to secure
+contributions through his personal friends. For instance, he called upon
+Mr. Rogers to request him to secure the help of Moore.
+
+"I must confess," said Rogers to Moore, "I heard of the new quarterly
+with pleasure, as I thought it might correct an evil we had long
+lamented together. Gifford wishes much for contributors, and is
+exceedingly anxious that you should assist him as often as you can
+afford time.... All this in _confidence_ of course, as the secret is not
+my own."
+
+Gifford also endeavoured to secure the assistance of Southey, through
+his friend, Mr. Grosvenor Bedford. Southey was requested to write for
+the first number an article on the Affairs of Spain. This, however, he
+declined to do; but promised to send an article on the subject of
+Missionaries.
+
+"Let not Gifford," he wrote to Bedford, in reply to his letter, "suppose
+me a troublesome man to deal with, pertinacious about trifles, or
+standing upon punctilios of authorship. No, Grosvenor, I am a quiet,
+patient, easy-going hack of the mule breed; regular as clockwork in my
+pace, sure-footed, bearing the burden which is laid on me, and only
+obstinate in choosing my own path. If Gifford could see me by this
+fireside, where, like Nicodemus, one candle suffices me in a large room,
+he would see a man in a coat 'still more threadbare than his own' when
+he wrote his 'Imitation,' working hard and getting little--a bare
+maintenance, and hardly that; writing poems and history for posterity
+with his whole heart and soul; one daily progressive in learning, not so
+learned as he is poor, not so poor as proud, not so proud as happy."
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 28, 1808.
+
+"Well, you have of course heard from Mr. Scott of the progress of the
+'Great Plan.' Canning bites at the hook eagerly. A review termed by Mr.
+Jeffrey _a tickler_, is to appear of Dryden in this No. of the
+_Edinburgh_. By the Lord! they will rue it. You know Scott's present
+feelings, excited by the review of 'Marmion.' What will they be when
+that of Dryden appears?"
+
+It was some time, however, before arrangements could be finally made for
+bringing out the first number of the _Quarterly_. Scott could not as yet
+pay his intended visit to London, and after waiting for about a month,
+Murray sent him the following letter, giving his further opinion as to
+the scope and object of the proposed Review:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November_ 15, 1808.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been desirous of writing to you for nearly a week past, as I
+never felt more the want of a personal conversation. I will endeavour,
+however, to explain myself to you, and will rely on your confidence and
+indulgence for secrecy and attention in what I have to communicate. I
+have before told you that the idea of a new Review has been revolving in
+my mind for nearly two years, and that more than twelve months ago I
+addressed Mr. Canning on the subject. The propriety, if not the
+necessity, of establishing a journal upon principles opposite to those
+of the _Edinburgh Review_ has occurred to many men more enlightened than
+myself; and I believe the same reason has prevented others, as it has
+done myself, from attempting it, namely, the immense difficulty of
+obtaining talent of sufficient magnitude to render success even
+_doubtful_.
+
+By degrees my plan has gradually floated up to this height. But there
+exists at least an equal difficulty yet--that peculiar talent in an
+editor of rendering our other great resources advantageous to the best
+possible degree. This, I think, may be accomplished, but it must be
+effected by your arduous assistance, at least for a little time. Our
+friend Mr. Gifford, whose writings show him to be both a man of learning
+and wit, has lived too little in the world lately to have obtained that
+delicacy and tact whereby he can feel at one instant, and habitually,
+whatever may gratify public desire and excite public attention and
+curiosity. But this you know to be a leading feature in the talents of
+Mr. Jeffrey and his friends; and that, without the most happy choice of
+subjects, as well as the ability to treat them well--catching the
+"manners living as they rise"--the _Edinburgh Review_ could not have
+attained the success it has done; and no other Review, however
+preponderating in solid merit, will obtain sufficient attention without
+them. Entering the field too, as we shall do, against an army commanded
+by the most skilful generals, it will not do for us to leave any of our
+best officers behind as a reserve, for they would be of no use if we
+were defeated at first. We must enter with our most able commanders at
+once, and we shall then acquire confidence, if not reputation, and
+increase in numbers as we proceed.
+
+Our first number must contain the most valuable and striking information
+in politics, and the most interesting articles of general literature and
+science, written by our most able friends. If our plan appears to be so
+advantageous to the ministers whose measures, to a certain extent, we
+intend to justify, to support, to recommend and assist, that they have
+promised their support; when might that support be so advantageously
+given, either for their own interests or ours, as at the commencement,
+when we are most weak, and have the most arduous onset to make, and when
+we do and must stand most in need of help? If our first number be not
+written with the greatest ability, upon the most interesting topics, it
+will not excite public attention. No man, even the friend of the
+principles we adopt, will leave the sprightly pages of the _Edinburgh
+Review_ to read a dull detail of staid morality, or dissertations on
+subjects whose interest has long fled.
+
+I do not say this from any, even the smallest doubt, of our having all
+that we desire in these respects in our power; but because I am
+apprehensive that without your assistance it will not be drawn into
+action, and my reason for this fear I will thus submit to you. You
+mentioned in your letter to Mr. Gifford, that our Review should open
+with a grand article on Spain--meaning a display of the political
+feeling of the people, and the probable results of this important
+contest. I suggested to Mr. Gifford that Mr. Frere should be written to,
+which he said was easy, and that he thought he would do it; for Frere
+could not only give the facts upon the subject, but could write them
+better than any other person. But having, in my project, given the name
+of Southey as a person who might assist occasionally in a number or two
+hence, I found at our next interview that Mr. Gifford, who does not know
+Mr. Southey, had spoken to a friend to ask Mr. S. to write the article
+upon Spain. It is true that Mr. Southey knows a great deal about Spain,
+and on another occasion would have given a good article upon the
+subject; but at present _his_ is not the kind of knowledge which we
+want, and it is, moreover, trusting our secret to a stranger, who has,
+by the way, a directly opposite bias in politics.
+
+Mr. Gifford also told me, with very great stress, that among the
+articles he had submitted to you was [one on] Hodgson's Translation of
+Juvenal, which at no time could be a very interesting article for us,
+and having been published more than six months ago, would probably be a
+very stupid one. Then, you must observe, that it would necessarily
+involve a comparison with Mr. Gifford's own translation, which must of
+course be praised, and thus show an _individual_ feeling--the least
+spark of which, in our early numbers, would both betray and ruin us. He
+talks of reviewing _himself_ a late translation of "Persius," for
+(_entre nous_) a similar reason. He has himself nearly completed a
+translation, which will be published in a few months.
+
+In what I have said upon this most exceedingly delicate point, and which
+I again submit to your most honourable confidence, I have no other
+object but just to show you without reserve how we stand, and to
+exemplify what I set out with--that without skilful and judicious
+management we shall totally mistake the road to the accomplishment of
+the arduous task which we have undertaken, and involve the cause and
+every individual in not merely defeat, but disgrace. I must at the same
+time observe that Mr. Gifford is the most obliging and well-meaning man
+alive, and that he is perfectly ready to be instructed in those points
+of which his seclusion renders him ignorant; and all that I wish and
+mean is, that we should strive to open clearly the view which is so
+obvious to us--that our first number must be a most brilliant one in
+every respect; and to effect this, we must avail ourselves of any
+valuable political information we can command. Those persons who have
+the most interest in supporting the Review must be called upon
+immediately for their strenuous personal help. The fact must be obvious
+to you,--that if Mr. Canning, Mr. Frere, Mr. Scott, Mr. Ellis, and Mr.
+Gifford, with their immediate and true friends, will exert themselves
+heartily in every respect, so as to produce with secrecy only _one_
+remarkably attractive number, their further labour would be
+comparatively light. With such a number in our hands, we might select
+and obtain every other help that we required; and then the persons named
+would only be called upon for their information, facts, hints, advice,
+and occasional articles. But without this--without producing a number
+that shall at least equal, if not excel, the best of the _Edinburgh
+Review_, it were better not to be attempted. We should do more harm to
+our cause by an unsuccessful attempt; and the reputation of the
+_Edinburgh Review_ would be increased inversely to our fruitless
+opposition.... With respect to bookselling interference with the Review,
+I am equally convinced with yourself of its total incompatibility with a
+really respectable and valuable critical journal. I assure you that
+nothing can be more distant from my views, which are confined to the
+ardour which I feel for the cause and principles which it will be our
+object to support, and the honour of professional reputation which would
+obviously result to the publisher of so important a work. It were silly
+to suppress that I shall not be sorry to derive from it as much profit
+as I can satisfactorily enjoy, consistent with the liberal scale upon
+which it is my first desire to act towards every writer and friend
+concerned in the work. Respecting the terms upon which the editor shall
+be placed at first, I have proposed, and it appears to be satisfactory
+to Mr. Gifford, that he shall receive, either previous to, or
+immediately after, the publication of each number, the sum of 160
+guineas, which he is to distribute as he thinks proper, without any
+question or interference on my part; and that in addition to this, he
+shall receive from me the sum of L200 annually, merely as the editor.
+This, Sir, is much more than I can flatter myself with the return of,
+for the first year at least; but it is my intention that his salary
+shall ever increase proportionately to the success of the work under his
+management. The editor has a most arduous office to perform, and the
+success of the publication must depend in a great measure upon his
+activity.
+
+I am, dear Sir, Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+John Murray.
+
+It will be observed from this letter, that Mr. Murray was aware that,
+besides skilful editing, sound and practical business management was
+necessary to render the new Review a success. The way in which he
+informs Mr. Scott about Gifford's proposed review of "Juvenal" and
+"Persius," shows that he fully comprehended the situation, and the
+dangers which would beset an editor like Gifford, who lived for the most
+part amongst his books, and was, to a large extent, secluded from the
+active world.
+
+On the same day Scott was writing to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_. Edinburgh, _November_ 15, 1808.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I received two days ago a letter from Mr. Gifford highly approving of
+the particulars of the plan which I had sketched for the _Review_. But
+there are two points to be considered. In the first place, I cannot be
+in town as I proposed, for the Commissioners under the Judicial Bill, to
+whom I am to act as clerk, have resolved that their final sittings shall
+be held _here_, so that I have now no chance of being in London before
+spring. This is very unlucky, as Mr. Gifford proposes to wait for my
+arrival in town to set the great machine a-going. I shall write to him
+that this is impossible, and that I wish he would, with your assistance
+and that of his other friends, make up a list of the works which the
+first number is to contain, and consider what is the extent of the aid
+he will require from the North. The other circumstance is, that Mr.
+Gifford pleads the state of his health and his retired habits as
+sequestrating him from the world, and rendering him less capable of
+active exertion, and in the kindest and most polite manner he expresses
+his hope that he should receive very extensive assistance and support
+from me, without which he is pleased to say he would utterly despair of
+success. Now between ourselves (for this is strictly confidential) I am
+rather alarmed at this prospect. I am willing, and anxiously so, to do
+all in my power to serve the work; but, my dear sir, you know how many
+of our very ablest hands are engaged in the _Edinburgh Review_, and what
+a dismal work it will be to wring assistance from the few whose
+indolence has left them neutral. I can, to be sure, work like a horse
+myself, but then I have two heavy works on my hands already, namely,
+"Somers" and "Swift." Constable had lately very nearly relinquished the
+latter work, and I now heartily wish it had never commenced; but two
+volumes are nearly printed, so I conclude it will now go on. If this
+work had not stood in the way, I should have liked Beaumont and Fletcher
+much better. It would not have required half the research, and occupied
+much less time. I plainly see that, according to Mr. Gifford's view, I
+should have almost all the trouble of a co-editor, both in collecting
+and revising the articles which are to come from Scotland, as well as in
+supplying all deficiencies from my own stores.
+
+These considerations cannot, however, operate upon the first number, so
+pray send me a list of books, and perhaps you may send some on a
+venture. You know the department I had in the _Edinburgh Review_. I will
+sound Southey, agreeable to Mr. Gifford's wishes, on the Spanish
+affairs. The last number of the _Edinburgh Review_ has given disgust
+beyond measure, owing to the tone of the article on Cevallos' _expose_.
+Subscribers are falling off like withered leaves.
+
+I retired my name among others, after explaining the reasons both to Mr.
+Jeffrey and Mr. Constable, so that there never was such an opening for a
+new _Review_. I shall be glad to hear what you think on the subject of
+terms, for my Northern troops will not move without pay; but there is no
+hurry about fixing this point, as most of the writers in the first
+number will be more or less indifferent on the subject. For my own
+share, I care not what the conditions are, unless the labour expected
+from me is to occupy a considerable portion of time, in which case they
+might become an object. While we are on this subject, I may as well
+mention that as you incur so large an outlay in the case of the Novels,
+I would not only be happy that my remuneration should depend on the
+profits of the work, but I also think I could command a few hundreds to
+assist in carrying it on.
+
+By the way, I see "Notes on Don Quixote" advertised. This was a plan I
+had for enriching our collection, having many references by me for the
+purpose. I shall be sorry if I am powerfully anticipated. Perhaps the
+book would make a good article in the _Review_. Can you get me
+"Gaytoun's Festivous Notes on Don Quixote"?
+
+I think our friend Ballantyne is grown an inch taller on the subjects of
+the "Romances."
+
+Believe me, dear Sir, Yours very truly, Walter Scott.
+
+Gifford is much pleased with you personally.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November_ 19, 1808.
+
+"Mr. Gifford has communicated to me an important piece of news. He met
+his friend, Lord Teignmouth, and learned from him that he and the
+Wilberforce party had some idea of starting a journal to oppose the
+_Edinburgh Review_, that Henry Thornton and Mr. [Zachary] Macaulay were
+to be the conductors, that they had met, and that some able men were
+mentioned. Upon sounding Lord T. as to their giving us their assistance,
+he thought this might be adopted in preference to their own plans.... It
+will happen fortunately that we intend opening with an article on the
+missionaries, which, as it will be written in opposition to the
+sentiments in the _Edinburgh Review_, is very likely to gain that large
+body of which Wilberforce is the head. I have collected from every
+Missionary Society in London, of which there are no less than five, all
+their curious reports, proceedings and history, which, I know, Sydney
+Smith never saw; and which I could only procure by personal application.
+Southey will give a complete view of the subject, and if he will enter
+heartily into it, and do it well, it will be as much as he can do for
+the first number. These transactions contain, amidst a great deal of
+fanaticism, the most curious information you can imagine upon the
+history, literature, topography and manners of nations and countries of
+which we are otherwise totally ignorant.... If you have occasion to
+write to Southey, pray urge the vast importance of this subject, and
+entreat him to give it all his ability. I find that a new volume of
+Burns' ('The Reliques') will be published by the end of this month,
+which will form the subject of another capital article under your hands.
+I presume 'Sir John Carr (Tour in Scotland)' will be another article,
+which even you, I fancy, will like; 'Mrs. Grant of Laggan,' too, and
+perhaps your friend Mr. Cumberland's 'John de Lancaster' .... Are you
+not sufficiently well acquainted with Miss (Joanna) Baillie, both to
+confide in her, and command her talents? If so, you will probably think
+of what may suit her, and what may apply to her. Mr. Heber, too, would
+apply to his brother at your request, and his friend Coplestone, who
+will also be written to by a friend of Gifford's...."
+
+Scott was very desirous of enlisting George Canning among the
+contributors to the Quarterly. He wrote to his friend Ellis:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. G. Ellis_.
+
+"As our start is of such immense consequence, don't you think Mr.
+Canning, though unquestionably our Atlas, might for a day find a
+Hercules on whom to devolve the burden of the globe, while he writes for
+us a review? I know what an audacious request this is, but suppose he
+should, as great statesmen sometimes do, take a political fit of the
+gout, and absent himself from a large ministerial dinner which might
+give it him in good earnest--dine at three on a chicken and pint of
+wine, and lay the foundation of at least one good article? Let us but
+once get afloat, and our labour is not worth talking about; but, till
+then, all hands must work hard."
+
+This suggestion was communicated by George Ellis to Gifford, the chosen
+editor, and on December 1, Murray informed Scott that the article on
+Spain was proceeding under Mr. Canning's immediate superintendence.
+Canning and Gifford went down to Mr. Ellis's house at Sunninghill, where
+the three remained together for four days, during which time the article
+was hatched and completed.
+
+On receiving the celebrated "Declaration of Westminster" on the Spanish
+War, Scott wrote to Ellis:
+
+"Tell Mr. Canning that the old women of Scotland will defend the country
+with their distaffs, rather than that troops enough be not sent to make
+good so noble a pledge. Were the thousands that have mouldered away in
+petty conquests or Lilliputian expeditions united to those we have now
+in that country, what a band would Sir John Moore have under him!...
+Jeffrey has offered terms of pacification, engaging that no party
+politics should again appear in his _Review_. I told him I thought it
+was now too late, and reminded him that I had often pointed out to him
+the consequences of letting his work become a party tool. He said 'he
+did not fear for the consequences--there were but four men he feared as
+opponents.' 'Who are these?' 'Yourself for one.' 'Certainly you pay me a
+great compliment; depend upon it I will endeavour to deserve it.' 'Why,
+you would not join against me?' 'Yes, I would, if I saw a proper
+opportunity: not against you personally, but against your politics.'
+'You are privileged to be violent.' 'I don't ask any privilege for undue
+violence. But who are your other foemen?' 'George Ellis and Southey.'
+The other he did not name. All this was in great good humour; and next
+day I had a very affecting note from him, in answer to an invitation to
+dinner. He has no suspicion of the _Review_ whatever."
+
+In the meantime, Mr. Murray continued to look out for further
+contributors. Mr. James Mill, of the India House, in reply to a request
+for assistance, wrote:
+
+"You do me a great deal of honour in the solicitude you express to have
+me engaged in laying the foundation stone of your new edifice, which I
+hope will be both splendid and durable; and it is no want of zeal or
+gratitude that delays me. But this ponderous Geography, a porter's, or
+rather a horse's load, bears me down to a degree you can hardly
+conceive. What I am now meditating from under it is to spare time to do
+well and leisurely the Indian article (my favourite subject) for your
+next number. Besides, I shall not reckon myself less a founder from its
+having been only the fault of my previous engagements that my first
+article for you appears only in the second number, and not in the first
+part of your work."
+
+Another contributor whom Mr. Murray was desirous to secure was Mrs.
+Inchbald, authoress of the "Simple Story." The application was made to
+her through one of Murray's intimate friends, Mr. Hoppner, the artist.
+Her answer was as follows:
+
+_Mrs. Inchbald to Mr. Hoppner_. _December_ 31, 1808.
+
+My dear Sir, As I wholly rely upon your judgment for the excellency of
+the design in question, I wish you to be better acquainted with my
+abilities as a reviewer before I suffer my curiosity to be further
+gratified in respect to the plan of the work you have undertaken, or the
+names of those persons who, with yourself, have done me the very great
+honour to require my assistance. Before I see you, then, and possess
+myself of your further confidence, it is proper that I should acquaint
+you that there is only one department of a Review for which I am in the
+least qualified, and that one combines plays and novels. Yet the very
+few novels I have read, of later publications, incapacitates me again
+for detecting plagiary, or for making such comparisons as proper
+criticism may demand. You will, perhaps, be surprised when I tell you
+that I am not only wholly unacquainted with the book you have mentioned
+to me, but that I never heard of it before. If it be in French, there
+will be another insurmountable difficulty; for, though I read French,
+and have translated some French comedies, yet I am not so perfectly
+acquainted with the language as to dare to write remarks upon a French
+author. If Madame Cottin's "Malvina" be in English, you wish it speedily
+reviewed, and can possibly have any doubt of the truth of my present
+report, please to send it me; and whatever may be the contents, I will
+immediately essay my abilities on the work, or immediately return it as
+a hopeless case.
+
+Yours very faithfully,
+
+E. Inchbald.
+
+On further consideration, however, Mrs. Inchbald modestly declined to
+become a contributor. Notwithstanding her great merits as an author, she
+had the extremest diffidence in her own abilities.
+
+_Mrs. Inchbald to John Murray_.
+
+"The more I reflect on the importance of the contributions intended for
+this work, the more I am convinced of my own inability to become a
+contributor. The productions in question must, I am convinced, be of a
+certain quality that will demand far more acquaintance with books, and
+much more general knowledge, than it has ever been my good fortune to
+attain. Under these circumstances, finding myself, upon mature
+consideration, wholly inadequate to the task proposed, I beg you will
+accept of this apology as a truth, and present it to Mr. Hoppner on the
+first opportunity; and assure him that it has been solely my reluctance
+to yield up the honour he intended me which has tempted me, for an
+instant, to be undecided in my reply to his overture.--I am, Sir, with
+sincere acknowledgments for the politeness of your letter to me,
+
+"E. Inchbald."
+
+And here the correspondence dropped.
+
+It is now difficult to understand the profound secrecy with which the
+projection of the new Review was carried on until within a fortnight of
+the day of its publication. In these modern times widespread
+advertisements announce the advent of a new periodical, whereas then
+both publisher and editor enjoined the utmost secrecy upon all with whom
+they were in correspondence. Still, the day of publication was very
+near, when the _Quarterly_ was, according to Scott, to "burst like a
+bomb" among the Whigs of Edinburgh. The only explanation of the secrecy
+of the preliminary arrangements is that probably down to the last it was
+difficult to ascertain whether enough materials could be accumulated to
+form a sufficiently good number before the first _Quarterly Review_ was
+launched into the world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE "QUARTERLY" LAUNCHED
+
+
+While Mr. Gifford was marshalling his forces and preparing for the issue
+of the first number of the _Quarterly_, Mr. Murray was corresponding
+with James Ballantyne of Edinburgh as to the works they were jointly
+engaged in bringing out, and also with respect to the northern agency of
+the new _Review_. An arrangement was made between them that they should
+meet at Boroughbridge, in Yorkshire, at the beginning of January 1809,
+for the purpose of concocting their plans. Ballantyne proposed to leave
+Edinburgh on January 5, and Murray was to set out from London on the
+same day, both making for Boroughbridge. A few days before Ballantyne
+left Edinburgh he wrote to Murray:
+
+"I shall not let a living soul know of my intended journey. Entire
+secrecy seems necessary at present. I dined yesterday _tete-a-tete_ with
+Mr. Scott, and had a great deal of highly important conversation with
+him. He showed me a letter bidding a final farewell to the house of
+Constable."
+
+It was mid-winter, and there were increasing indications of a heavy
+storm brewing. Notwithstanding the severity of the weather, however,
+both determined to set out for their place of meeting in Yorkshire. Two
+days before Ballantyne left Edinburgh, he wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Ballantyne to John Murray_. _January_ 4, 1809.
+
+Dear Murray, It is blowing the devil's weather here; but no matter--if
+the mail goes, I go. I shall travel by the mail, and shall, instantly on
+arriving, go to the "Crown," hoping to find you and an imperial dinner.
+By the bye, you had better, on your arrival, take places north and
+south for the following day. In four or five hours after your receiving
+this, I expect to shake your princely paw.
+
+Thine, J.B.
+
+Scott also sent a note by the hand of Ballantyne to tell of his complete
+rupture with Constable owing to "Mr. Hunter's extreme incivility."
+
+As a result of these negotiations the Ballantynes were appointed
+publishers of the new Review in Edinburgh, and, with a view to a more
+central position, they took premises in South Hanover Street. Scott
+wrote with reference to this:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_February_, 1809.
+
+I enclose the promised "Swift," and am now, I think, personally out of
+your debt, though I will endeavour to stop up gaps if I do not receive
+the contributions I expect from others. Were I in the neighbourhood of
+your shop in London I could soon run up half a sheet of trifling
+articles with a page or two to each, but that is impossible here for
+lack of materials.
+
+When the Ballantynes open shop you must take care to have them supplied
+with food for such a stop-gap sort of criticism. I think we will never
+again feel the pressure we have had for this number; the harvest has
+literally been great and the labourers few.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+W.S.
+
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne. to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 27, 1809.
+
+"I see or hear of nothing but good about the _Review_. Mr. Scott is at
+this moment busy with two articles, besides the one he has sent. In
+conversation a few days since, I heard a gentleman ask him, 'Pray, sir,
+do you think the _Quarterly Review_ will be equal to the _Edinburgh_?'
+His answer was, 'I won't be quite sure of the first number, because of
+course there are difficulties attending the commencement of every work
+which time and habit can alone smooth away. But I think the first number
+will be a good one, and in the course of three or four, _I think we'll
+sweat them!_'"
+
+The first number of the _Quarterly Review_ was published at the end of
+February, 1809. Like most first numbers, it did not entirely realize the
+sanguine views of its promoters. It did not burst like a thunder-clap on
+the reading public; nor did it give promise to its friends that a new
+political power had been born into the world. The general tone was more
+literary than political; and though it contained much that was well
+worth reading, none of its articles were of first-rate quality.
+
+Walter Scott was the principal contributor, and was keenly interested in
+its progress, though his mind was ever teeming with other new schemes.
+The allusion in the following letter to his publication of "many
+unauthenticated books," if unintentional, seems little less than
+prophetic.
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+Edinburgh, _February_ 25, 1809.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I see with pleasure that you will be out on the first. Yet I wish I
+could have seen my articles in proof, for I seldom read over my things
+in manuscript, and always find infinite room for improvement at the
+printer's expense. I hope our hurry will not be such another time as to
+deprive me of the chance of doing the best I can, which depends greatly
+on my seeing the proofs. Pray have the goodness to attend to this.
+
+I have made for the Ballantynes a little selection of poetry, to be
+entitled "English Minstrelsy"; I also intend to arrange for them a first
+volume of English Memoirs, to be entitled--"Secret History of the Court
+of James I." To consist of:
+
+Osborne's "Traditional Memoirs."
+
+Sir Anthony Welldon's "Court and Character of James I."
+
+Heylin's "Aulicus Coquinariae."
+
+Sir Edward Peyton's "Rise and Fall of the House of Stewart."
+
+I will add a few explanatory notes to these curious memoirs, and hope to
+continue the collection, as (thanks to my constant labour on "Somers")
+it costs me no expense, and shall cost the proprietors none. You may
+advertise the publications, and Ballantyne, equally agreeable to his own
+wish and mine, will let you choose your own share in them. I have a
+commission for you in the way of art. I have published many
+unauthenticated books, as you know, and may probably bring forward many
+more. Now I wish to have it in my power to place on a few copies of each
+a decisive mark of appropriation. I have chosen for this purpose a
+device borne by a champion of my name in a tournament at Stirling! It
+was a gate and portcullis, with the motto CLAUSUS TUTUS ERO. I have it
+engraved on a seal, as you may remark on the enclosure, but it is done
+in a most blackguard style. Now what I want is to have this same gateway
+and this same portcullis and this same motto of _clausus tutus ero_,
+which is an anagram of _Walterus Scotus_ (taking two single _U_'s for
+the _W_), cut upon wood in the most elegant manner, so as to make a
+small vignette capable of being applied to a few copies of every work
+which I either write or publish. This fancy of making _portcullis_
+copies I have much at heart, and trust to you to get it accomplished for
+me in the most elegant manner. I don't mind the expense, and perhaps Mr.
+Westall might be disposed to make a sketch for me.
+
+I am most anxious to see the _Review_. God grant we may lose no ground;
+I tremble when I think of my own articles, of two of which I have but an
+indefinite recollection.
+
+What would you think of an edition of the "Old English Froissart," say
+500 in the small _antique quarto_, a beautiful size of book; the
+spelling must be brought to an uniformity, the work copied (as I could
+not promise my beautiful copy to go to press), notes added and
+illustrations, etc., and inaccuracies corrected. I think Johnes would be
+driven into most deserved disgrace, and I can get the use of a most
+curious MS. of the French Froissart in the Newbattle Library, probably
+the finest in existence after that of Berlin. I am an enthusiast about
+Berners' Froissart, and though I could not undertake the drudgery of
+preparing the whole for the press, yet Weber [Footnote: Henry Weber,
+Scott's amanuensis.] would do it under my eye upon the most reasonable
+terms. I would revise every part relating to English history.
+
+I have several other literary schemes, but defer mentioning them till I
+come to London, which I sincerely hope will be in the course of a month
+or six weeks. I hear Mr. Canning is anxious about our _Review_.
+Constable says it is a Scotch job. I could not help quizzing Mr. Robert
+Miller, who asked me in an odd sort of way, as I thought, why it was not
+out? I said very indifferently I knew nothing about it, but heard a
+vague report that the Edition was to be much enlarged on account of the
+expected demand. I also inclose a few lines to my brother, and am, dear
+Sir,
+
+Very truly yours,
+
+W. Scott.
+
+It is universally agreed here that Cumberland is five hundred degrees
+beneath contempt.
+
+Ballantyne, Scott's partner, and publisher of the _Review_ in Edinburgh,
+hastened to communicate to Murray their joint views as to the success of
+the work.
+
+_Mr. Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 28, 1809.
+
+My dear Murray,
+
+I received the _Quarterly_ an hour ago. Before taking it to Mr. Scott, I
+had just time to look into the article on Burns, and at the general
+aspect of the book. It looks uncommonly well.... The view of Burns'
+character is better than Jeffrey's. It is written in a more congenial
+tone, with more tender, kindly feeling. Though not perhaps written with
+such elaborate eloquence as Jeffrey's, the thoughts are more original,
+and the style equally powerful. The two first articles (and perhaps the
+rest are not inferior) will confer a name on the _Review_. But why do I
+trouble you with _my_ opinions, when I can give you Mr. Scott's? He has
+just been reading the Spanish article beside me, and he again and again
+interrupted himself with expressions of the strongest admiration.
+
+Three days later, Ballantyne again wrote:
+
+"I have now read 'Spain,' 'Burns,' 'Woman,' 'Curran,' 'Cid,' 'Carr,'
+'Missionaries.' Upon the whole, I think these articles most excellent.
+Mr. Scott is in high spirits; but he says there are evident marks of
+haste in most of them. With respect to his own articles, he much regrets
+not to have had the opportunity of revising them. He thinks the
+'Missionaries' very clever; but he shakes his head at 'Sidney,' 'Woman,'
+and 'Public Characters.' Our copies, which we expected this morning,
+have not made their appearance, which has given us no small anxiety. We
+are panting to hear the public voice. Depend upon it, _if_ our exertions
+are continued, the thing will do. Would G. were as active as Scott and
+Murray!"
+
+Murray had plenty of advisers. Gifford said he had too many. His friend,
+Sharon Turner, was ready with his criticism on No. 1. He deplored the
+appearance of the article by Scott on "Carr's Tour in Scotland."
+[Footnote: Scott himself had written to Murray about this, which he
+calls "a whisky-frisky article," on June 30. "I take the advantage of
+forwarding Sir John's _Review_, to send you back his letters under the
+same cover. He is an incomparable goose, but as he is innocent and
+good-natured, I would not like it to be publicly known that the
+flagellation comes from my hand. Secrecy therefore will oblige me."]
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+"I cannot endure the idea of an individual being wounded merely because
+he has written a book. If, as in the case of the authors attacked in the
+'Baviad,' the works censured were vitiating our literature--or, as in
+the case of Moore's Poems, corrupting our morals--if they were
+denouncing our religious principles, or attacking those political
+principles on which our Government subsists--let them be criticised
+without mercy. The _salus publica_ demands the sacrifice. But to make an
+individual ridiculous merely because he has written a foolish, if it be
+a harmless book, is not, I think, justifiable on any moral principle ...
+I repeat my principle. Whatever tends to vitiate our literary taste, our
+morals, our religious or political principles, may be fairly at the
+mercy of criticism. So, whatever tends to introduce false science, false
+history, indeed, falsehood in any shape, exposes itself to the censor's
+rod. But harmless, inoffensive works should be passed by. Where is the
+bravery of treading on a worm or crushing a poor fly? Where the utility?
+Where the honour?"
+
+An edition of 4,000 copies had been printed; this was soon exhausted,
+and a second edition was called for.
+
+Mr. Scott was ample in his encouragements.
+
+"I think," he wrote to Murray, "a firm and stable sale will be settled
+here, to the extent of 1,000 or 1,500 even for the next number.... I am
+quite pleased with my ten guineas a sheet for my labour in writing, and
+for additional exertions. I will consider them as overpaid by success in
+the cause, especially while that success is doubtful."
+
+Ballantyne wrote to Murray in March:
+
+"Constable, I am told, has consulted Sir Samuel Romilly, and means,
+after writing a book against me, to prosecute me for _stealing his
+plans!_ Somebody has certainly stolen his brains!"
+
+The confederates continued to encourage each other and to incite to
+greater effort the procrastinating Gifford. The following rather
+mysterious paragraph occurs in a letter from Scott to Murray dated March
+19, 1809.
+
+"I have found means to get at Mr. G., and have procured a letter to be
+written to him, which may possibly produce one to you signed Rutherford
+or Richardson, or some such name, and dated from the North of England;
+or, if he does not write to you, enquiry is to be made whether he would
+choose you should address him. The secrecy to be observed in this
+business must be most profound, even to Ballantyne and all the world. If
+you get articles from him (which will and must draw attention) you must
+throw out a false scent for enquirers. I believe this unfortunate man
+will soon be in London."
+
+In reply, Mr. Murray wrote on March 24 to Mr. Scott, urging him to come
+to London, and offering, "if there be no plea for charging your expenses
+to Government," to "undertake that the _Review_ shall pay them as far as
+one hundred guineas." To this Scott replied:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+Edinburgh, _March_ 27, 1809.
+
+I have only time to give a very short answer to your letter. Some very
+important business detains me here till Monday or Tuesday, on the last
+of which days at farthest I will set off for town, and will be with you
+of course at the end of the week. As to my travelling expenses, if
+Government pay me, good and well; if they do not, depend on it I will
+never take a farthing from you. You have, my good friend, enough of
+expense to incur in forwarding this great and dubious undertaking, and
+God forbid I should add so unreasonable a charge as your liberality
+points at. I am very frank in money matters, and always take my price
+when I think I can give money's worth for money, but this is quite
+extravagant, and you must think no more of it. Should I want money for
+any purpose I will readily make _you_ my banker and give you value in
+reviews. John Ballantyne's last remittance continues to go off briskly;
+the devil's in you in London, you don't know good writing when you get
+it. All depends on our cutting in before the next _Edinburgh_, when
+instead of following their lead they shall follow ours.
+
+Mrs. Scott is my fellow-traveller in virtue of an old promise. I am,
+dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+_April_ 4, at night.
+
+I have been detained a day later than I intended, but set off to-morrow
+at mid-day. I believe I shall get _franked_, so will have my generosity
+for nothing. I hope to be in London on Monday.
+
+In sending out copies of the first number, Mr. Murray was not forgetful
+of one friend who had taken a leading part in originating the _Review_.
+
+In 1808 Mr. Stratford Canning, when only twenty years of age, had been
+selected to accompany Mr. Adair on a special mission to Constantinople.
+The following year, on Mr. Adair being appointed H.B.M. Minister to the
+Sublime Porte, Stratford Canning became Secretary of Legation. Mr.
+Murray wrote to him:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Stratford Canning_.
+
+32, Fleet St., London, _March_ 12, 1809.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+It is with no small degree of pleasure that I send, for the favour of
+your acceptance, the first number of the _Quarterly Review_, a work
+which owes its birth to your obliging countenance and introduction of me
+to Mr. Gifford. I flatter myself that upon the whole you will not be
+dissatisfied with our first attempt, which is universally allowed to be
+so very respectable. Had you been in London during its progress, it
+would, I am confident, have been rendered more deserving of public
+attention.
+
+The letter goes on to ask for information on foreign works of importance
+or interest.
+
+Mr. Stratford Canning replied:
+
+"With regard to the comission which you have given me, it is, I fear,
+completely out of my power to execute it. Literature neither resides at
+Constantinople nor passes through it. Even were I able to obtain the
+publications of France and Germany by way of Vienna, the road is so
+circuitous, that you would have them later than others who contrive to
+smuggle them across the North Sea. Every London newspaper that retails
+its daily sixpennyworth of false reports, publishes the French, the
+Hamburgh, the Vienna, the Frankfort, and other journals, full as soon as
+we receive any of them here. This is the case at all times; at present
+it is much worse. We are entirely insulated. The Russians block up the
+usual road through Bucharest, and the Servians prevent the passage of
+couriers through Bosnia. And in addition to these difficulties, the
+present state of the Continent must at least interrupt all literary
+works. You will not, I am sure, look upon these as idle excuses. Things
+may probably improve, and I will not quit this country without
+commissioning some one here to send you anything that may be of use to
+so promising a publication as your _Review_."
+
+No sooner was one number published, than preparations were made for the
+next. Every periodical is a continuous work--never ending, still
+beginning. New contributors must be gained; new books reviewed; new
+views criticised. Mr. Murray was, even more than the editor, the
+backbone of the enterprise: he was indefatigable in soliciting new
+writers for the _Quarterly_, and in finding the books fit for review,
+and the appropriate reviewers of the books. Sometimes the reviews were
+printed before the editor was consulted, but everything passed under the
+notice of Gifford, and received his emendations and final approval.
+
+Mr. Murray went so far as to invite Leigh Hunt to contribute an article
+on Literature or Poetry for the _Quarterly_. The reply came from John
+Hunt, Leigh's brother. He said:
+
+_Mr. John Hunt to John Murray_.
+
+"My brother some days back requested me to present to you his thanks for
+the polite note you favoured him with on the subject of the _Review_, to
+which he should have been most willing to have contributed in the manner
+you propose, did he not perceive that the political sentiments contained
+in it are in direct opposition to his own."
+
+This was honest, and it did not interfere with the personal intercourse
+of the publisher and the poet. Murray afterwards wrote to Scott: "Hunt
+is most vilely wrong-headed in politics, which he has allowed to turn
+him away from the path of elegant criticism, which might have led him to
+eminence and respectability."
+
+James Mill, author of the "History of British India," sent an article
+for the second number; but the sentiments and principles not being in
+accordance with those of the editor, it was not at once accepted. On
+learning this, he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. James Mill to John Murray_.
+
+My dear Sir,
+
+I can have no objection in the world to your delaying the article I have
+sent you till it altogether suits your arrangements to make use of it.
+Besides this point, a few words of explanation may not be altogether
+useless with regard to another. I am half inclined to suspect that the
+objection of your Editor goes a little farther than you state. If so, I
+beg you will not hesitate a moment about what you are to do with it. I
+wrote it solely with a view to oblige and to benefit _you personally_,
+but with very little idea, as I told you at our first conversation on
+the subject, that it would be in my power to be of any use to you, as
+the views which I entertained respecting what is good for our country
+were very different from the views entertained by the gentlemen with
+whom in your projected concern you told me you were to be connected. To
+convince you, however, of my good-will, I am perfectly ready to give you
+a specimen, and if it appears to be such as likely to give offence to
+your friends, or not to harmonise with the general style of your work,
+commit it to the flames without the smallest scruple. Be assured that it
+will not make the smallest difference in my sentiments towards you, or
+render me in the smallest degree less disposed to lend you my aid (such
+as it is) on any other occasion when it may be better calculated to be
+of use to you.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+J. Mill.
+
+Gifford was not a man of business; he was unpunctual. The second number
+of the _Quarterly_ appeared behind its time, and the publisher felt
+himself under the necessity of expostulating with the editor.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+_May_ 11, 1809.
+
+Dear Mr. Gifford,
+
+I begin to suspect that you are not aware of the complete misery which
+is occasioned to me, and the certain ruin which must attend the
+_Review_, by our unfortunate procrastination. Long before this, every
+line of copy for the present number ought to have been in the hands of
+the printer. Yet the whole of the _Review_ is yet to print. I know not
+what to do to facilitate your labour, for the articles which you have
+long had he scattered without attention, and those which I ventured to
+send to the printer undergo such retarding corrections, that even by
+this mode we do not advance. I entreat the favour of your exertion. For
+the last five months my most imperative concerns have yielded to this,
+without the hope of my anxiety or labour ceasing.
+
+"Tanti miserere laboris,"
+
+in my distress and with regret from
+
+John Murray.
+
+Mr. Gifford's reply was as follows:
+
+"The delay and confusion which have arisen must be attributed to a want
+of confidential communication. In a word, you have too many advisers,
+and I too many masters."
+
+At last the second number of the _Quarterly_ appeared, at the end of May
+instead of at the middle of April. The new contributors to this number
+were Dr. D'Oyley, the Rev. Mr. Walpole, and George Canning, who, in
+conjunction with Sharon Turner, contributed the last article on Austrian
+State Papers.
+
+As soon as the second number was published, Mr. Gifford, whose health
+was hardly equal to the constant strain of preparing and editing the
+successive numbers, hastened away, as was his custom, to the seaside. He
+wrote to Mr. Murray from Ryde:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 18, 1809.
+
+"I rejoice to hear of our success, and feel very anxious to carry it
+further. A fortnight's complete abstraction from all sublunary cares has
+done me much good, and I am now ready to put on my spectacles and look
+about me.... Hoppner is here, and has been at Death's door. The third
+day after his arrival, he had an apoplectic fit, from which blisters,
+etc., have miraculously recovered him.... This morning I received a
+letter from Mr. Erskine. He speaks very highly of the second number, and
+of the Austrian article, which is thought its chief attraction.
+Theology, he says, few people read or care about. On this, I wish to say
+a word seriously. I am sorry that Mr. E. has fallen into that notion,
+too general I fear in Scotland; but this is his own concern. I differ
+with him totally, however, as to the few readers which such subjects
+find; for as far as my knowledge reaches, the reverse is the fact. The
+strongest letter which I have received since I came down, in our favour,
+points out the two serious articles as masterly productions and of
+decided superiority. We have taught the truth I mention to the
+_Edinburgh Review_, and in their last number they have also attempted to
+be serious, and abstain from their flippant impiety. It is not done with
+the best grace, but it has done them credit, I hear.... When you make up
+your parcel, pray put in some small cheap 'Horace,' which I can no more
+do without than Parson Adams _ex_ 'Aeschylus.' I have left it somewhere
+on the road. Any common thing will do."
+
+Mr. Murray sent Gifford a splendid copy of "Horace" in the next parcel
+of books and manuscripts. In his reply Gifford, expostulating, "Why, my
+dear Sir, will you do these things?" thanked him warmly for his gift.
+
+Mr. George Ellis was, as usual, ready with his criticism. Differing from
+Gifford, he wrote:
+
+"I confess that, to my taste, the long article on the New Testament is
+very tedious, and that the progress of Socinianism is, to my
+apprehension, a bugbear which _we_ have no immediate reason to be scared
+by; but it may alarm some people, and what I think a dull prosing piece
+of orthodoxy may have its admirers, and promote our sale."
+
+Even Constable had a good word to say of it. In a letter to his partner,
+Hunter, then in London, he said:
+
+"I received the _Quarterly Review_ yesterday, and immediately went and
+delivered it to Mr. Jeffrey himself. It really seems a respectable
+number, but what then? Unless theirs improves and ours falls off it
+cannot harm us, I think. I observe that Nos. 1 and 2 extend to merely
+twenty-nine sheets, so that, in fact, ours is still the cheaper of the
+two. Murray's waiting on you with it is one of the wisest things I ever
+knew him do: you will not be behindhand with him in civility."
+
+No. 3 of the _Quarterly_ was also late, and was not published until the
+end of August. The contributors were behindhand; an article was expected
+from Canning on Spain, and the publication was postponed until this
+article had been received, printed and corrected. The foundations of it
+were laid by George Ellis, and it was completed by George Canning.
+
+Of this article Mr. Gifford wrote:
+
+"In consequence of my importunity, Mr. Canning has exerted himself and
+produced the best article that ever yet appeared in any Review."
+
+Although Mr. Gifford was sometimes the subject of opprobrium because of
+his supposed severity, we find that in many cases he softened down the
+tone of the reviewers. For instance, in communicating to Mr. Murray the
+first part of Dr. Thomson's article on the "Outlines of Mineralogy," by
+Kidd, he observed:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"It is very splenitick and very severe, and much too wantonly so. I
+hope, however, it is just. Some of the opprobrious language I shall
+soften, for the eternal repetitions of _ignorance, absurdity,
+surprising,_ etc., are not wanted. I am sorry to observe so much
+Nationality in it. Let this be a secret between us, for I will not have
+my private opinions go beyond yourself. As for Kidd, he is a modest,
+unassuming man, and is not to be attacked with sticks and stones like a
+savage. Remember, it is only the epithets which I mean to soften; for as
+to the scientific part, it shall not be meddled with."
+
+His faithful correspondent, Mr. Ellis, wrote as to the quality of this
+third number of the _Quarterly_. He agreed with Mr. Murray, that though
+profound, it was "most notoriously and unequivocally _dull_.... We must
+veto ponderous articles; they will simply sink us."
+
+Isaac D'Israeli also tendered his advice. He was one of Mr. Murray's
+most intimate friends, and could speak freely and honestly to him as to
+the prospects of the _Review_. He was at Brighton, preparing his third
+volume of the "Curiosities of Literature."
+
+_Mr. I. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+"I have bought the complete collection of Memoirs written by individuals
+of the French nation, amounting to sixty-five volumes, for fifteen
+guineas.... What can I say about the _Q.R.?_ Certainly nothing new; it
+has not yet invaded the country. Here it is totally unknown, though as
+usual the _Ed. Rev._ is here; but among private libraries, I find it
+equally unknown. It has yet its fortune to make. You must appeal to the
+_feelings_ of Gifford! Has he none then? Can't you get a more active and
+vigilant Editor? But what can I say at this distance? The disastrous
+finale of the Austrians, received this morning, is felt here as deadly.
+Buonaparte is a tremendous Thaumaturgus!... I wish you had such a genius
+in the _Q.R._.... My son Ben assures me you are in Brighton. He saw you!
+Now, he never lies." [Footnote: Mr. Murray was in Brighton at the time.]
+
+Thus pressed by his correspondents, Mr. Murray did his best to rescue
+the _Quarterly_ from failure. Though it brought him into prominent
+notice as a publisher, it was not by any means paying its expenses. Some
+thought it doubtful whether "the play was worth the candle." Yet Murray
+was not a man to be driven back by comparative want of success. He
+continued to enlist a band of competent contributors. Amongst these were
+some very eminent men: Mr. John Barrow of the Admiralty; the Rev.
+Reginald Heber, Mr. Robert Grant (afterwards Sir Robert, the Indian
+judge), Mr. Stephens, etc. How Mr. Barrow was induced to become a
+contributor is thus explained in his Autobiography. [Footnote:
+"Autobiographical Memoir of Sir John Barrow," Murray, 1847.]
+
+"One morning, in the summer of the year 1809, Mr. Canning looked in upon
+me at the Admiralty, said he had often troubled me on business, but he
+was now about to ask me a favour. 'I believe you are acquainted with my
+friend William Gifford?' 'By reputation,' I said, 'but not personally.'
+'Then,' says he, 'I must make you personally acquainted; will you come
+and dine with me at Gloucester Lodge any day, the sooner the more
+agreeable--say to-morrow, if you are disengaged?' On accepting, he said,
+'I will send for Gifford to meet you; I know he will be too glad to
+come.'
+
+"'Now,' he continued, 'it is right I should tell you that, in the
+_Review_ of which two numbers have appeared, under the name of the
+_Quarterly_, I am deeply, both publicly and personally, interested, and
+have taken a leading part with Mr. George Ellis, Hookham Frere, Walter
+Scott, Rose, Southey, and some others; our object in that work being to
+counteract the _virus_ scattered among His Majesty's subjects through
+the pages of the _Edinburgh Review_. Now, I wish to enlist you in our
+corps, not as a mere advising idler, but as an efficient labourer in our
+friend Gifford's vineyard.'"
+
+Mr. Barrow modestly expressed a doubt as to his competence, but in the
+sequel, he tells us, Mr. Canning carried his point, and "I may add, once
+for all, that what with Gifford's eager and urgent demands, and the
+exercise becoming habitual and not disagreeable, I did not cease writing
+for the _Quarterly Review_ till I had supplied no less, rather more,
+than 190 articles."
+
+The fourth number of the _Quarterly_, which was due in November, was not
+published until the end of December 1809. Gifford's excuse was the want
+of copy. He wrote to Mr. Murray: "We must, upon the publication of this
+number, enter into some plan for ensuring regularity."
+
+Although it appeared late, the fourth number was the best that had yet
+been issued. It was more varied in its contents; containing articles by
+Scott, Southey, Barrow, and Heber. But the most important article was
+contributed by Robert Grant, on the "Character of the late C.J. Fox."
+This was the first article in the _Quarterly_, according to Mr. Murray,
+which excited general admiration, concerning which we find a memorandum
+in Mr. Murray's own copy; and, what was an important test, it largely
+increased the demand for the _Review_.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+CONSTABLE AND BALLANTYNE
+
+
+During the year in which the _Quarterly_ was first given to the world,
+the alliance between Murray and the Ballantynes was close and intimate:
+their correspondence was not confined to business matters, but bears
+witness to warm personal friendship.
+
+Murray was able to place much printing work in their hands, and amongst
+other books, "Mrs. Rundell's Cookery," a valuable property, which had
+now reached a very large circulation, was printed at the Canongate
+Press.
+
+They exerted themselves to promote the sale of one another's
+publications and engaged in various joint works, such, for example, as
+Grahame's "British Georgics" and Scott's "English Minstrelsy."
+
+In the midst of all these transactions, however, there were not wanting
+symptoms of financial difficulties, which, as in a previous instance,
+were destined in time to cause a severance between Murray and his
+Edinburgh agents. It was the old story--drawing bills for value _not_
+received. Murray seriously warned the Ballantynes of the risks they were
+running in trading beyond their capital. James Ballantyne replied on
+March 30, 1809:
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+"Suffer me to notice one part of your letter respecting which you will
+be happy to be put right. We are by no means trading beyond our capital.
+It requires no professional knowledge to enable us to avoid so fatal an
+error as that. For the few speculations we have entered into our means
+have been carefully calculated and are perfectly adequate."
+
+Yet at the close of the same letter, referring to the "British
+Novelists"--a vast scheme, to which Mr. Murray had by no means pledged
+himself--Ballantyne continues:
+
+"For this work permit me to state I have ordered a font of types, cut
+expressly on purpose, at an expense of near L1,000, and have engaged a
+very large number of compositors for no other object."
+
+On June 14, James Ballantyne wrote to Murray:
+
+"I can get no books out yet, without interfering in the printing office
+with business previously engaged for, and that puts me a little about
+for cash. Independent of _this_ circumstance, upon which we reckoned, a
+sum of L1,500 payable to us at 25th May, yet waiting some cursed legal
+arrangements, but which we trust to have very shortly [_sic_]. This is
+all preliminary to the enclosures which I hope will not be disagreeable
+to you, and if not, I will trust to their receipt _accepted_, by return
+of post."
+
+Mr. Murray replied on June 20:
+
+"I regret that I should be under the necessity of returning you the two
+bills which you enclosed, unaccepted; but having settled lately a very
+large amount with Mr. Constable, I had occasion to grant more bills than
+I think it proper to allow to be about at the same time."
+
+This was not the last application for acceptances, and it will be found
+that in the end it led to an entire separation between the firms.
+
+The Ballantynes, however, were more sanguine than prudent. In spite of
+Mr. Murray's warning that they were proceeding too rapidly with the
+publication of new works, they informed him that they had a "gigantic
+scheme" in hand--the "Tales of the East," translated by Henry Weber,
+Walter Scott's private secretary--besides the "Edinburgh Encyclopaedia,"
+and the "Secret Memoirs of the House of Stewart." They said that Scott
+was interested in the "Tales of the East," and in one of their hopeful
+letters they requested Mr. Murray to join in their speculations. His
+answer was as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Ballantyne & Co_.
+
+_October_ 31, 1809.
+
+"I regret that I cannot accept a share in the 'Edinburgh Encyclopaedia.'
+I am obliged to decline by motives of prudence. I do not know anything
+of the agreement made by the proprietors, except in the palpable
+mismanagement of a very exclusive and promising concern. I am therefore
+fearful to risk my property in an affair so extremely unsuitable.
+
+"You distress me sadly by the announcement of having put the 'Secret
+Memoirs' to press, and that the paper for it was actually purchased six
+months ago! How can you, my good sirs, act in this way? How can you
+imagine that a bookseller can afford to pay eternal advances upon almost
+every work in which he takes a share with you? And how can you continue
+to destroy every speculation by entering upon new ones before the
+previous ones are properly completed?... Why, with your influence, will
+you not urge the completion of the 'Minstrelsy'? Why not go on with and
+complete the series of De Foe?... For myself, I really do not know what
+to do, for when I see that you will complete nothing of your own, I am
+unwillingly apprehensive of having any work of mine in your power. What
+I thus write is in serious friendship for you. I entreat you to let us
+complete what we have already in hand, before we begin upon any other
+speculation. You will have enough to do to sell those in which we are
+already engaged. As to your mode of exchange and so disposing of your
+shares, besides the universal obloquy which attends the practice in the
+mind of every respectable bookseller, and the certain damnation which it
+invariably causes both to the book and the author, as in the case of
+Grahame, if persisted in, it must end in serious loss to the
+bookseller.... If you cannot give me your solemn promise not to exchange
+a copy of Tasso, I trust you will allow me to withdraw the small share
+which I propose to take, for the least breath of this kind would blast
+the work and the author too--a most worthy man, upon whose account alone
+I engaged in the speculation."
+
+Constable, with whom Murray had never entirely broken, had always looked
+with jealousy at the operations of the house of Ballantyne. Their firm
+had indeed been started in opposition to himself; and it was not without
+a sort of gratification that he heard of their pecuniary difficulties,
+and of the friction between them and Murray. Scott's "Lady of the Lake"
+had been announced for publication. At the close of a letter to Murray,
+Constable rather maliciously remarks:
+
+_January_ 20, 1810.
+
+"I have no particular anxiety about promulgating the folly (to say the
+least of it) of certain correspondents of yours in this quarter; but if
+you will ask our friend Mr. Miller if he had a letter from a shop nearly
+opposite the Royal Exchange the other day, he will, I dare say, tell you
+of the contents. I am mistaken if their game is not well up! Indeed I
+doubt much if they will survive the 'Lady of the Lake.' She will
+probably help to drown them!"
+
+An arrangement had been made with the Ballantynes that, in
+consideration of their being the sole agents for Mr. Murray in Scotland,
+they should give him the opportunity of taking shares in any of their
+publications. Instead, however, of offering a share of the "Lady of the
+Lake" to Mr. Murray, according to the understanding between the firms,
+the Ballantynes had already parted with one fourth share of the work to
+Mr. Miller, of Albemarle Street, London, whose business was afterwards
+purchased by Mr. Murray. Mr. Murray's letter to Ballantyne & Co. thus
+describes the arrangement:
+
+_John Murray to Messrs. Ballantyne & Co_.
+
+_March_ 26, 1810.
+
+"Respecting my _Review_, you appear to forget that your engagement was
+that I should be your sole agent here, and that you were to publish
+nothing but what I was to have the offer of a share in. Your deviation
+from this must have led me to conclude that you did not desire or expect
+to continue my agent any longer. You cannot suppose that my estimation
+of Mr. Scott's genius can have rendered me indifferent to my exclusion
+from a share in the 'Lady of the Lake.' I mention this as well to
+testify that I am not indifferent to this conduct in you as to point it
+out to you, that if you mean to withhold from me that portion which you
+command of the advantages of our connexion, you must surely mean to
+resign any that might arise from me. The sole agency for my publications
+in Edinburgh is worth to any man who understands his business L300 a
+year; but this requires zealous activity and deference on one side, and
+great confidence on both, otherwise the connexion cannot be advantageous
+or satisfactory to either party. For this number of the _Review_ I have
+continued your name solely in it, and propose to make you as before sole
+publisher in Scotland; but as you have yourself adopted the plan of
+drawing upon me for the amount of each transaction, you will do me the
+favour to consider what quantity you will need, and upon your remitting
+to me a note at six months for the amount, I shall immediately ship the
+quantity for you."
+
+_Mr. James Ballantyne to John Murray_.
+
+"Your agency hitherto has been productive of little or no advantage to
+us, and the fault has not lain with us. We have persisted in offering
+you shares of everything begun by us, till we found the hopelessness of
+waiting any return; and in dividing Mr. Scott's poem, we found it our
+duty to give what share we had to part with to those by whom we were
+chiefly benefited both as booksellers and printers."
+
+This letter was accompanied with a heavy bill for printing the works of
+De Foe for Mr. Murray. A breach thus took place with the Ballantynes;
+the publisher of the _Quarterly_ was compelled to look out for a new
+agent for Scotland, and met with a thoroughly competent one in Mr.
+William Blackwood, the founder of the well-known publishing house in
+Edinburgh.
+
+To return to the progress of the _Quarterly_. The fifth number, which
+was due in February 1810, but did not appear until the end of March,
+contained many excellent articles, though, as Mr. Ellis said, some of
+them were contributed by "good and steady but marvellously heavy
+friends." Yet he found it better than the _Edinburgh_, which on that
+occasion was "reasonably dull."
+
+It contained one article which became the foundation of an English
+classic, that of Southey on the "Life of Nelson." Of this article Murray
+wrote to its author:
+
+"I wish it to be made such a book as shall become the heroic text of
+every midshipman in the Navy, and the association of Nelson and Southey
+will not, I think, be ungrateful to you. If it be worth your attention
+in this way I am disposed to think that it will enable me to treble the
+sum I first offered as a slight remuneration."
+
+Mr. Murray, writing to Mr. Scott (August 28, 1810) as to the appearance
+of the new number, which did not appear till a month and a half after it
+was due, remarked on the fourth article. "This," he said, "is a review
+of the 'Daughters of Isenberg, a Bavarian Romance,' by Mr. Gifford, to
+whom the authoress (Alicia T. Palmer) had the temerity to send three L1
+notes!" Gifford, instead of sending back the money with indignation, as
+he at first proposed, reviewed the romance, and assumed that the
+authoress had sent him the money for charitable purposes.
+
+_Mr. Gifford to Miss A.T. Palmer_.
+
+"Our avocations leave us but little leisure for extra-official
+employment; and in the present case she has inadvertently added to our
+difficulties by forbearing to specify the precise objects of her bounty.
+We hesitated for some time between the Foundling and Lying-in Hospitals:
+in finally determining for the latter, we humbly trust that we have not
+disappointed her expectations, nor misapplied her charity. Our publisher
+will transmit the proper receipt to her address."
+
+One of the principal objections of Mr. Murray to the manner in which
+Mr. Gifford edited the _Quarterly_ was the war which he waged with the
+_Edinburgh_. This, he held, was not the way in which a respectable
+periodical should be conducted. It had a line of its own to pursue,
+without attacking its neighbours. "Publish," he said, "the best
+information, the best science, the best literature; and leave the public
+to decide for themselves." Relying on this opinion he warned Gifford and
+his friends against attacking Sydney Smith, and Leslie, and Jeffrey,
+because of their contributions to the _Edinburgh_. He thought that such
+attacks had only the effect of advertising the rival journal, and
+rendering it of greater importance. With reference to the article on
+Sydney Smith's "Visitation Sermon" in No. 5, Mr. George Ellis privately
+wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"Gifford, though the best-tempered man alive, is _terribly_ severe with
+his pen; but S.S. would suffer ten times more by being turned into
+ridicule (and never did man expose himself so much as he did in that
+sermon) than from being slashed and cauterized in that manner."
+
+The following refers to a difference of opinion between Mr. Murray and
+his editor. Mr. Gifford had resented some expression of his friend's as
+savouring of intimidation.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+_September_ 25, 1810.
+
+"I entreat you to be assured that the term 'intimidation' can never be
+applied to any part of my conduct towards you, for whom I entertain the
+highest esteem and regard, both as a writer and as a friend. If I am
+over-anxious, it is because I have let my hopes of fame as a bookseller
+rest upon the establishment and celebrity of this journal. My character,
+as well with my professional brethren as with the public, is at stake
+upon it; for I would not be thought silly by the one, or a mere
+speculator by the other. I have a very large business, as you may
+conclude by the capital I have been able to throw into this one
+publication, and yet my mind is so entirely engrossed, my honour is so
+completely involved in this one thing, that I neither eat, drink, nor
+sleep upon anything else. I would rather it excelled all other journals
+and I gained nothing by it, than gain L300 a year by it without trouble
+if it were thought inferior to any other. This, sir, is true."
+
+Meanwhile, Mr. Murray was becoming hard pressed for money. To conduct
+his increasing business required a large floating capital, for long
+credits were the custom, and besides his own requirements, he had to
+bear the constant importunities of the Ballantynes to renew their bills.
+On July 25, 1810, he wrote to them: "This will be the last renewal of
+the bill (L300); when it becomes due, you will have the goodness to
+provide for it." It was, however, becoming impossible to continue
+dealing with them, and he gradually transferred his printing business to
+other firms. We find him about this time ordering Messrs. George Ramsay
+& Co., Edinburgh, to print 8,000 of the "Domestic Cookery," which was
+still having a large sale.
+
+The Constables also were pressing him for renewals of bills. The
+correspondence of this date is full of remonstrances from Murray against
+the financial unpunctuality of his Edinburgh correspondents.
+
+On March 21, 1811, he writes: "With regard to myself, I will engage in
+no new work of any kind"; and again, on April 4, 1811:
+
+Dear Constable,
+
+You know how much I have distressed myself by entering heedlessly upon
+too many engagements. You must not urge me to involve myself in renewed
+difficulties.
+
+To return to the _Quarterly_ No. 8. Owing to the repeated delay in
+publication, the circulation fell off from 5,000 to 4,000, and Mr.
+George Ellis had obviously reason when he wrote: "Hence I infer that
+_punctuality_ is, in our present situation, our great and only
+desideratum."
+
+Accordingly, increased efforts were made to have the _Quarterly_
+published with greater punctuality, though it was a considerable time
+before success in this respect was finally reached. Gifford pruned and
+pared down to the last moment, and often held back the publication until
+an erasure or a correction could be finally inserted.
+
+No. 9, due in February 1811, was not published until March. From this
+time Southey became an almost constant contributor to the _Review_. He
+wrote with ease, grace, and rapidity, and there was scarcely a number
+without one, and sometimes two and even three articles from his pen.
+His prose style was charming--clear, masculine, and to the point. The
+public eagerly read his prose, while his poetry remained unnoticed on
+the shelves. The poet could not accept this view of his merits. Of the
+"Curse of Kehama" he wrote:
+
+"I was perfectly aware that I was planting acorns while my
+contemporaries were setting Turkey beans. The oak will grow, and though
+I may never sit under its shade, my children will. Of the 'Lady of the
+Lake,' 25,000 copies have been printed; of 'Kehama', 500; and if they
+sell in seven years I shall be surprised."
+
+Scott wrote a kindly notice of Southey's poem. It was not his way to cut
+up his friend in a review. He pointed out the beauties of the poem, in
+order to invite purchasers and readers. Yet his private opinion to his
+friend George Ellis was this:
+
+_Mr. Scott to Mr. G. Ellis_.
+
+"I have run up an attempt on the 'Curse of Kehama' for the _Quarterly_:
+a strange thing it is--the 'Curse,' I mean--and the critique is not, as
+the blackguards say, worth a damn; but what I could I did, which was to
+throw as much weight as possible upon the beautiful passages, of which
+there are many, and to slur over its absurdities, of which there are not
+a few. It is infinite pity for Southey, with genius almost to
+exuberance, so much learning and real good feeling of poetry, that, with
+the true obstinacy of a foolish papa, he _will_ be most attached to the
+defects of his poetical offspring. This said 'Kehama' affords cruel
+openings to the quizzers, and I suppose will get it roundly in the
+_Edinburgh Review_. I could have made a very different hand of it
+indeed, had the order of the day been _pour dechirer_."
+
+It was a good thing for Southey that he could always depend upon his
+contributions to the _Quarterly_ for his daily maintenance, for he could
+not at all rely upon the income from his poetry.
+
+The failure of the _Edinburgh Annual Register_, published by Ballantyne,
+led to a diminution of Southey's income amounting to about L400 a year.
+He was thus led to write more and more for the _Quarterly_. His
+reputation, as well as his income, rose higher from his writings there
+than from any of his other works. In April 1812 he wrote to his friend
+Mr. Wynn:
+
+
+_Mr. Southey to Mr. Wynn_.
+
+"By God's blessing I may yet live to make all necessary provision
+myself. My means are now improving every year. I am up the hill of
+difficulty, and shall very soon get rid of the burthen which has impeded
+me in the ascent. I have some arrangements with Murray, which are likely
+to prove more profitable than any former speculations ... Hitherto I
+have been highly favoured. A healthy body, an active mind, and a
+cheerful heart, are the three best boons Nature can bestow, and, God be
+praised, no man ever enjoyed these more perfectly."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+MURRAY AND GIFFORD--RUPTURE WITH CONSTABLE--PROSPERITY OF THE
+"QUARTERLY"
+
+
+A good understanding was now established between Mr. Murray and his
+editor, and the _Quarterly_ went on improving and gradually increased in
+circulation. Though regular in the irregularity of its publication, the
+subscribers seem to have become accustomed to the delay, and when it did
+make its appearance it was read with eagerness and avidity. The interest
+and variety of its contents, and the skill of the editor in the
+arrangement of his materials, made up for many shortcomings.
+
+Murray and Gifford were in constant communication, and it is interesting
+to remember that the writer of the following judicious criticism had
+been editor of the _Anti-Jacobin_ before he was editor of the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 17, 1811.
+
+"I have seldom been more pleased and vexed at a time than with the
+perusal of the enclosed MS. It has wit, it has ingenuity, but both are
+absolutely lost in a negligence of composition which mortifies me. Why
+will your young friend fling away talent which might so honourably
+distinguish him? He might, if be chose, be the ornament of our _Review_,
+instead of creating in one mingled regret and admiration. It is utterly
+impossible to insert such a composition as the present; there are
+expressions which would not be borne; and if, as you say, it will be
+sent to Jeffrey's if I do not admit it, however I may grieve, I must
+submit to the alternative. Articles of pure humour should be written
+with extraordinary attention. A vulgar laugh is detestable. I never saw
+much merit in writing rapidly. You will believe me when I tell you that
+I have been present at the production of more genuine wit and humour
+than almost any person of my time, and that it was revised and polished
+and arranged with a scrupulous care which overlooked nothing. I have
+not often seen fairer promises of excellence in this department than in
+your correspondent; but I tell you frankly that they will all be
+blighted and perish prematurely unless sedulously cultivated. It is a
+poor ambition to raise a casual laugh in the unreflecting.
+
+The article did not appear in the _Quarterly_, and Mr. Pillans, the
+writer, afterwards became a contributor to the _Edinburgh Review_.
+
+In a letter of August 25, 1811, we find Gifford writing to a
+correspondent: "Since the hour I was born I never enjoyed, as far as I
+can recollect, what you call _health_ for a single day." In November,
+after discussing in a letter the articles which were about to appear in
+the next _Review_, he concluded: "I write in pain and must break off."
+In the following month Mr. Murray, no doubt in consideration of the
+start which his _Review_ had made, sent him a present of L500. "I thank
+you," he answered (December 6), "very sincerely for your magnificent
+present; but L500 is a vast sum. However, you know your own business."
+
+Yet Mr. Murray was by no means abounding in wealth. There were always
+those overdrawn bills from Edinburgh to be met, and Ballantyne and
+Constable were both tugging at him for accommodation at the same time.
+
+The business arrangements with Constable & Co., which, save for the
+short interruption which has already been related, had extended over
+many years, were now about to come to an end. The following refers to
+the purchase of Mr. Miller's stock and the removal of Mr. Murray's
+business to Albemarle Street.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Constable_.
+
+ALBEMARLE ST., _October_ 27, 1812.
+
+"I do not see any existing reason why we, who have so long been so very
+intimate, should now be placed in a situation of negative hostility. I
+am sure that we are well calculated to render to each other great
+services; you are the best judge whether your interests were ever before
+so well attended to as by me ... The great connexion which I have for
+the last two years been maturing in Fleet Street I am now going to bring
+into action here; and it is not with any view to, or with any reliance
+upon, what Miller has done, but upon what I know I can do in such a
+situation, that I had long made up my mind to move. It is no sudden
+thing, but one long matured; and it is only from the accident of
+Miller's moving that I have taken his house; so that the notions which,
+I am told, you entertain respecting my plans are totally outside the
+ideas upon which it was formed.... I repeat, it is in my power to do you
+many services; and, certainly, I have bought very largely of you, and
+you never of me; and you know very well that I will serve you heartily
+if I can deal with you confidentially."
+
+A truce was, for a time, made between the firms, but it proved hollow.
+The never-ending imposition of accommodation bills sent for acceptance
+had now reached a point beyond endurance, having regard to Murray's
+credit. The last letter from Murray to Constable & Co. was as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Constable & Co_.
+
+_April 30_, 1813.
+
+GENTLEMEN,
+
+I did not answer the letter to which the enclosed alludes, because its
+impropriety in all respects rendered it impossible for me to do so
+without involving myself in a personal dispute, which it is my anxious
+resolution to avoid: and because my determination was fully taken to
+abide by what I told you in my former letter, to which alone I can or
+could have referred you. You made an express proposition to me, to
+which, as you have deviated from it, it is not my intention to accede.
+The books may remain with me upon sale or return, until you please to
+order them elsewhere; and in the meantime I shall continue to avail
+myself of every opportunity to sell them. I return, therefore, an
+account and bills, with which I have nothing to do, and desire to have a
+regular invoice.
+
+I am, gentlemen, yours truly,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+
+Constable & Co. fired off a final shot on May 28 following, and the
+correspondence and business between the firms then terminated.
+
+No. 12 of the _Quarterly_ appeared in December 1811, and perhaps the
+most interesting article in the number was that by Canning and Ellis, on
+Trotter's "Life of Fox." Gifford writes to Murray about this article:
+
+"I have not seen Canning yet, but he is undoubtedly at work by this
+time. Pray take care that no one gets a sight of the slips. It will be a
+delightful article, but say not a word till it comes out."
+
+A pamphlet had been published by W.S. Landor, dedicated to the President
+of the United States, entitled, "Remarks upon Memoirs of Mr. Fox lately
+published." Gifford was furious about it. He wrote to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I never read so rascally a thing as the Dedication. It is almost too
+bad for the Eatons and other publishers of mad democratic books. In the
+pamphlet itself there are many clever bits, but there is no taste and
+little judgment. His attacks on private men are very bad. Those on Mr.
+C. are too stupid to do much harm, or, indeed, any. The Dedication is
+the most abject piece of business that I ever read. It shows Landor to
+have a most rancorous and malicious heart. Nothing but a rooted hatred
+of his country could have made him dedicate his Jacobinical book to the
+most contemptible wretch that ever crept into authority, and whose only
+recommendation to him is his implacable enmity to his country. I think
+you might write to Southey; but I would not, on any account, have you
+publish such a scoundrel address."
+
+The only entire article ever contributed to the _Review_ by Gifford
+himself was that which he wrote, in conjunction with Barron Field, on
+Ford's "Dramatic Works." It was an able paper, but it contained a
+passage, the publication of which occasioned Gifford the deepest regret.
+Towards the conclusion of the article these words occurred: The Editor
+"has polluted his pages with the blasphemies of a poor maniac, who, it
+seems, once published some detached scenes of the 'Broken Heart.'" This
+referred to Charles Lamb, who likened the "transcendent scene [of the
+Spartan boy and Calantha] in imagination to Calvary and the Cross." Now
+Gifford had never heard of the personal history of Lamb, nor of the
+occasional fits of lunacy to which his sister Mary was subject; and when
+the paragraph was brought to his notice by Southey, through Murray, it
+caused him unspeakable distress. He at once wrote to Southey [Footnote:
+When the subject of a memoir of Charles Lamb by Serjeant Talfourd was
+under consideration, Southey wrote to a friend: "I wish that I had
+looked out for Mr. Talfourd the letter which Gifford wrote in reply to
+one in which I remonstrated with him upon his designation of Lamb as a
+poor maniac. The words were used in complete ignorance of their peculiar
+bearings, and I believe nothing in the course of Gifford's life ever
+occasioned him so much self-reproach. He was a man with whom I had no
+literary sympathies; perhaps there was nothing upon which we agreed,
+except great political questions; but I liked him the better ever after
+for his conduct on this occasion."] the following letter:
+
+_Mr. W. Gifford to Mr. Southey_.
+
+_February_ 13, 1812.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I break off here to say that I have this moment received your last
+letter to Murray. It has grieved and shocked me beyond expression; but,
+my dear friend, I am innocent so far as the intent goes. I call God to
+witness that in the whole course of my life I never heard one syllable
+of Mr. Lamb or his family. I knew not that he ever had a sister, or that
+he had parents living, or that he or any person connected with him had
+ever manifested the slightest tendency to insanity. In a word, I declare
+to you _in the most solemn manner_ that all I ever knew or ever heard of
+Mr. Lamb was merely his name. Had I been aware of one of the
+circumstances which you mention, I would have lost my right arm sooner
+than have written what I have. The truth is, that I was shocked at
+seeing him compare the sufferings and death of a person who just
+continues to dance after the death of his lover is announced (for this
+is all his merit) to the pangs of Mount Calvary; and not choosing to
+attribute it to folly, because I reserved that charge for Weber, I
+unhappily in the present case ascribed it to madness, for which I pray
+God to forgive me, since the blow has fallen heavily when I really
+thought it would not be felt. I considered Lamb as a thoughtless
+scribbler, who, in circumstances of ease, amused himself by writing on
+any subject. Why I thought so, I cannot tell, but it was the opinion I
+formed to myself, for I now regret to say I never made any inquiry upon
+the subject; nor by any accident in the whole course of my life did I
+hear him mentioned beyond the name.
+
+I remain, my dear Sir,
+
+Yours most sincerely,
+
+W. GIFFORD.
+
+It is unnecessary to describe in detail the further progress of the
+_Quarterly_. The venture was now fairly launched. Occasionally, when
+some friction arose from the editorial pruning of Southey's articles, or
+when Mr. Murray remonstrated with the exclusion or inclusion of some
+particular article, Mr. Gifford became depressed, or complained, "This
+business begins to get too heavy for me, and I must soon have done, I
+fear." Such discouragement was only momentary. Gifford continued to edit
+the _Review_ for many years, until and long after its complete success
+had become assured.
+
+The following extract, from a letter of Southey's to his friend Bedford,
+describes very happily the position which Mr. Murray had now attained.
+
+"Murray offers me a thousand guineas for my intended poem in blank
+verse, and begs it may not be a line longer than "Thomson's Seasons"! I
+rather think the poem will be a post obit, and in that case, twice that
+sum, at least, may be demanded for it. What his real feelings may be
+towards me, I cannot tell; but he is a happy fellow, living in the light
+of his own glory. The _Review_ is the greatest of all works, and it is
+all his own creation; he prints 10,000, and fifty times ten thousand
+read its contents, in the East and in the West. Joy be with him and his
+journal!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+LORD BYRON'S WORKS, 1811 TO 1814
+
+
+The origin of Mr. Murray's connection with Lord Byron was as follows.
+Lord Byron had made Mr. Dallas [Footnote: Robert Charles Dallas
+(1754-1824). His sister married Captain George Anson Byron, and her
+descendants now hold the title.] a present of the MS. of the first two
+cantos of "Childe Harold," and allowed him to make arrangements for
+their publication. Mr. Dallas's first intention was to offer them to the
+publisher of "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," but Cawthorn did not
+rank sufficiently high among his brethren of the trade. He was precluded
+from offering them to Longman & Co. because of their refusal to publish
+the Satire. He then went to Mr. Miller, of Albemarle Street, and left
+the manuscript with him, "enjoining the strictest secrecy as to the
+author." After a few days' consideration Miller declined to publish the
+poem, principally because of the sceptical stanzas which it contained,
+and also because of its denunciation as a "plunderer" of his friend and
+patron the Earl of Elgin, who was mentioned by name in the original
+manuscript of the poem.
+
+After hearing from Dallas that Miller had declined to publish "Childe
+Harold," Lord Byron wrote to him from Reddish's Hotel:
+
+_Lord Byron to Mr. Miller_.
+
+_July_ 30, 1811.
+
+SIR,
+
+I am perfectly aware of the justice of your remarks, and am convinced
+that if ever the poem is published the same objections will be made in
+much stronger terms. But, as it was intended to be a poem on _Ariosto's
+plan_, that is to say on _no plan_ at all, and, as is usual in similar
+cases, having a predilection for the worst passages, I shall retain
+those parts, though I cannot venture to defend them. Under these
+circumstances I regret that you decline the publication, on my own
+account, as I think the book would have done better in your hands; the
+pecuniary part, you know, I have nothing to do with.... But I can
+perfectly conceive, and indeed approve your reasons, and assure you my
+sensations are not _Archiepiscopal_ enough as yet to regret the
+rejection of my Homilies.
+
+I am, Sir, your very obedient, humble servant,
+
+BYRON.
+
+"Next to these publishers," proceeds Dallas, in his "Recollections of
+the Life of Lord Byron," "I wished to oblige Mr. Murray, who had then a
+shop opposite St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street. Both he and his
+father before him had published for myself. He had expressed to me his
+regret that I did not carry him the 'English Bards and Scotch
+Reviewers.' But this was after its success; I think he would have
+refused it in its embryo state. After Lord Byron's arrival I had met
+him, and he said he wished I would obtain some work of his Lordship's
+for him. I now had it in my power, and I put 'Childe Harold's
+Pilgrimage' into his hands, telling him that Lord Byron had made me a
+present of it, and that I expected he would make a very liberal
+arrangement with me for it.
+
+"He took some days to consider, during which time he consulted
+his literary advisers, among whom, no doubt, was Mr. Gifford,
+who was Editor of the _Quarterly Review_. That Mr. Gifford gave
+a favourable opinion I afterwards learned from Mr. Murray himself; but
+the objections I have stated stared him in the face, and he was kept in
+suspense between the desire of possessing a work of Lord Byron's and the
+fear of an unsuccessful speculation. We came to this conclusion: that he
+should print, at his expense, a handsome quarto edition, the profits of
+which I should share equally with him, and that the agreement for the
+copyright should depend upon the success of this edition. When I told
+this to Lord Byron he was highly pleased, but still doubted the
+copyright being worth my acceptance, promising, however, if the poem
+went through the edition, to give me other poems to annex to 'Childe
+Harold.'"
+
+Mr. Murray had long desired to make Lord Byron's acquaintance, and now
+that Mr. Dallas had arranged with him for the publication of the first
+two cantos of "Childe Harold," he had many opportunities of seeing Byron
+at his place of business. The first time that he saw him was when he
+called one day with Mr. Hobhouse in Fleet Street. He afterwards looked
+in from time to time, while the sheets were passing through the press,
+fresh from the fencing rooms of Angelo and Jackson, and used to amuse
+himself by renewing his practice of "Carte et Tierce," with his
+walking-cane directed against the book-shelves, while Murray was reading
+passages from the poem, with occasional ejaculations of admiration; on
+which Byron would say, "You think that a good idea, do you, Murray?"
+Then he would fence and lunge with his walking-stick at some special
+book which he had picked out on the shelves before him. As Murray
+afterwards said, "I was often very glad to get rid of him!"
+
+A correspondence took place with regard to certain omissions,
+alterations, and improvements which were strongly urged both by Mr.
+Dallas and the publisher. Mr. Murray wrote as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 4, 1811.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+An absence of some days, passed in the country, has prevented me from
+writing earlier, in answer to your obliging letters. [Footnote: These
+letters are given in Moore's "Life and Letters of Lord Byron."] I have
+now, however, the pleasure of sending you, under a separate cover, the
+first proof sheets of your poem; which is so good as to be entitled to
+all your care in rendering it perfect. Besides its general merits, there
+are parts which, I am tempted to believe, far excel anything that you
+have hitherto published; and it were therefore grievous indeed if you do
+not condescend to bestow upon it all the improvements of which your mind
+is so capable. Every correction already made is valuable, and this
+circumstance renders me more confident in soliciting your further
+attention. There are some expressions concerning Spain and Portugal
+which, however just at the time they were conceived, yet, as they do not
+harmonise with the now prevalent feeling, I am persuaded would so
+greatly interfere with the popularity which the poem is, in other
+respects, certainly calculated to excite, that, in compassion to your
+publisher, who does not presume to reason upon the subject, otherwise
+than as a mere matter of business, I hope your goodness will induce you
+to remove them; and with them perhaps some religious sentiments which
+may deprive me of some customers amongst the Orthodox. Could I flatter
+myself that these suggestions were not obtrusive, I would hazard
+another,--that you would add the two promised cantos, and complete the
+poem. It were cruel indeed not to perfect a work which contains so much
+that is excellent. Your fame, my Lord, demands it. You are raising a
+monument that will outlive your present feelings; and it should
+therefore be constructed in such a manner as to excite no other
+association than that of respect and admiration for your character and
+genius. I trust that you will pardon the warmth of this address, when I
+assure you that it arises, in the greatest degree, from a sincere regard
+for your best reputation; with, however, some view to that portion of it
+which must attend the publisher of so beautiful a poem as you are
+capable of rendering in the 'Romaunt of Childe Harold.'"
+
+In compliance with the suggestions of the publisher, Byron altered and
+improved the stanzas relating to Elgin and Wellington. With respect to
+the religious, or anti-religious sentiments, Byron wrote to Murray: "As
+for the 'orthodox,' let us hope they will buy on purpose to abuse--you
+will forgive the one if they will do the other." Yet he did alter Stanza
+VIII, and inserted what Moore calls a "magnificent stanza" in place of
+one that was churlish and sneering, and in all respects very much
+inferior.
+
+Byron then proceeded to another point. "Tell me fairly, did you show the
+MS. to some of your corps?" "I will have no traps for applause," he
+wrote to Mr. Murray, at the same time forbidding him to show the
+manuscript of "Childe Harold" to his Aristarchus, Mr. Gifford, though he
+had no objection to letting it be seen by any one else. But it was too
+late. Mr. Gifford had already seen the manuscript, and pronounced a
+favourable opinion as to its great poetic merits. Byron was not
+satisfied with this assurance, and seemed, in his next letter, to be
+very angry. He could not bear to have it thought that he was
+endeavouring to ensure a favourable review of his work in the
+_Quarterly_. To Mr. Dallas he wrote (September 23, 1811):
+
+"I _will_ be angry with Murray. It was a book-selling, back-shop,
+Paternoster Row, paltry proceeding; and if the experiment had turned out
+as it deserved, I would have raised all Fleet Street, and borrowed the
+giant's staff from St. Dunstan's Church, to immolate the betrayer of
+trust. I have written to him as he was never written to before by an
+author, I'll be sworn; and I hope you will amplify my wrath, till it has
+an effect upon him."
+
+Byron at first objected to allow the new poem to be published with his
+name, thinking that this would bring down upon him the enmity of his
+critics in the North, as well as the venom of the southern scribblers,
+whom he had enraged by his Satire. At last, on Mr. Murray's strong
+representation, he consented to allow his name to be published on the
+title-page as the author. Even to the last, however, his doubts were
+great as to the probable success of the poem; and he more than once
+talked of suppressing it.
+
+In October 1811 Lord Byron wrote from Newstead Abbey to his friend Mr.
+Hodgson: [Footnote: The Rev. Francis Hodgson was then residing at
+Cambridge as Fellow and Tutor of King's College. He formed an intimate
+friendship with Byron, who communicated with him freely as to his
+poetical as well as his religious difficulties. Hodgson afterwards
+became Provost of Eton.]
+
+"'Childe Harold's Pilgrimage' must wait till Murray's is finished. He is
+making a tour in Middlesex, and is to return soon, when high matter may
+be expected. He wants to have it in quarto, which is a cursed unsaleable
+size; but it is pestilent long, and one must obey one's publisher."
+
+The whole of the sheets were printed off in the following month of
+January; and the work was published on March 1, 1812. Of the first
+edition only 500 copies, demy quarto, were printed.
+
+It is unnecessary to say with what applause the book was received. The
+impression it produced was as instantaneous as it proved to be lasting.
+Byron himself briefly described the result of the publication in his
+memoranda: "I awoke one morning and found myself famous." The publisher
+had already taken pains to spread abroad the merits of the poem. Many of
+his friends had re-echoed its praises. The attention of the public was
+fixed upon the work; and in three days after its appearance the whole
+edition was disposed of. When Mr. Dallas went to see Lord Byron at his
+house in St. James's Street, he found him loaded with letters from
+critics, poets, and authors, all lavish of their raptures. A handsome
+new edition, in octavo, was proposed, to which his Lordship agreed.
+
+Eventually Mr. Murray consented to give Mr. Dallas L600 for the
+copyright of the poem; although Mr. Gifford and others were of opinion
+that it might prove a bad bargain at that price. There was, however, one
+exception, namely Mr. Rogers, who told Mr. Murray not to be
+disheartened, for he might rely upon its turning out the most fortunate
+purchase he had ever made; and so it proved. Three thousand copies of
+the second and third editions of the poem in octavo were printed; and
+these went off in rapid succession.
+
+On the appearance of "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" Lord Byron became an
+object of interest in the fashionable world of London. His poem was the
+subject of conversation everywhere, and many literary, noble, and royal
+personages desired to make his acquaintance. In the month of June he was
+invited to a party at Miss Johnson's, at which His Royal Highness the
+Prince Regent was present. As Lord Byron had not yet been to Court, it
+was not considered etiquette that he should appear before His Royal
+Highness. He accordingly retired to another room. But on the Prince
+being informed that Lord Byron was in the house, he expressed a desire
+to see him. Lord Byron was sent for, and the following is Mr. Murray's
+account of the conversation that took place.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_June_ 27, 1812.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I cannot refrain, notwithstanding my fears of intrusion, from mentioning
+to you a conversation which Lord Byron had with H.R.H. the Prince
+Regent, and of which you formed the leading subject. He was at an
+evening party at Miss Johnson's this week, when the Prince, hearing that
+Lord Byron was present, expressed a desire to be introduced to him; and
+for more than half an hour they conversed on poetry and poets, with
+which the Prince displayed an intimacy and critical taste which at once
+surprised and delighted Lord Byron. But the Prince's great delight was
+Walter Scott, whose name and writings he dwelt upon and recurred to
+incessantly. He preferred him far beyond any other poet of the time,
+repeated several passages with fervour, and criticized them faithfully.
+He spoke chiefly of the 'Lay of the Last Minstrel,' which he expressed
+himself as admiring most of the three poems. He quoted Homer, and even
+some of the obscurer Greek poets, and appeared, as Lord Byron supposes,
+to have read more poetry than any prince in Europe. He paid, of course,
+many compliments to Lord Byron, but the greatest was "that he ought to
+be offended with Lord B., for that he had thought it impossible for any
+poet to equal Walter Scott, and that he had made him find himself
+mistaken." Lord Byron called upon me, merely to let off the raptures of
+the Prince respecting you, thinking, as he said, that if I were likely
+to have occasion to write to you, it might not be ungrateful for you to
+hear of his praises.
+
+In reply Scott wrote to Mr. Murray as follows, enclosing a letter to
+Lord Byron, which has already been published in the Lives of both
+authors:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _July 2_, 1812.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been very silent, partly through pressure of business and partly
+from idleness and procrastination, but it would be very ungracious to
+delay returning my thanks for your kindness in transmitting the very
+flattering particulars of the Prince Regent's conversation with Lord
+Byron. I trouble you with a few lines to his Lordship expressive of my
+thanks for his very handsome and gratifying communication, and I hope he
+will not consider it as intrusive in a veteran author to pay my debt of
+gratitude for the high pleasure I have received from the perusal of
+'Childe Harold,' which is certainly the most original poem which we have
+had this many a day....
+
+Your obliged, humble Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+This episode led to the opening of an agreeable correspondence between
+Scott and Byron, and to a lasting friendship between the two poets.
+
+The fit of inspiration was now on Lord Byron. In May 1813 appeared "The
+Giaour," and in the midst of his corrections of successive editions of
+it, he wrote in four nights his second Turkish story, "Zuleika,"
+afterwards known as "The Bride of Abydos."
+
+With respect to the business arrangement as to the two poems, Mr. Murray
+wrote to Lord Byron as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_November_ 18, 1813.
+
+MY DEAR LORD,
+
+I am very anxious that our business transactions should occur
+frequently, and that they should be settled immediately; for short
+accounts are favourable to long friendships.
+
+I restore "The Giaour" to your Lordship entirely, and for it, the "Bride
+of Abydos," and the miscellaneous poems intended to fill up the volume
+of the small edition, I beg leave to offer you the sum of One Thousand
+Guineas; and I shall be happy if you perceive that my estimation of your
+talents in my character of a man of business is not much under my
+admiration of them as a man.
+
+I do most heartily accept the offer of your portrait, as the most noble
+mark of friendship with which you could in any way honour me. I do
+assure you that I am truly proud of being distinguished as your
+publisher, and that I shall ever continue,
+
+Your Lordship's faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+With reference to the foregoing letter we read in Lord Byron's Diary:
+
+"Mr. Murray has offered me one thousand guineas for 'The Giaour' and
+'The Bride of Abydos.' I won't. It is too much: though I am strongly
+tempted, merely for the say of it. No bad price for a fortnight's (a
+week each) what?--the gods know. It was intended to be called poetry."
+
+The "Bride of Abydos" was received with almost as much applause as the
+"Giaour." "Lord Byron," said Sir James Mackintosh, "is the author of the
+day; six thousand of his 'Bride of Abydos' have been sold within a
+month."
+
+"The Corsair" was Lord Byron's next poem, written with great vehemence,
+literally "struck off at a heat," at the rate of about two hundred lines
+a day,--"a circumstance," says Moore, "that is, perhaps, wholly without
+a parallel in the history of genius." "The Corsair" was begun on the
+18th, and finished on the 31st of December, 1813.
+
+A sudden impulse induced Lord Byron to present the copyright of this
+poem also to Mr. Dallas, with the single stipulation that he would offer
+it for publication to Mr. Murray, who eventually paid Mr. Dallas five
+hundred guineas for the copyright, and the work was published in
+February 1814. The following letters will give some idea of the
+reception it met with.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_February_ 3, 1814.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I have been unwilling to write until I had something to say, an occasion
+to which I do not always restrict myself. I am most happy to tell you
+that your last poem _is_--what Mr. Southey's is _called_--_a Carmen
+Triumphale_. Never, in my recollection, has any work, since the "Letter
+of Burke to the Duke of Bedford," excited such a ferment--a ferment
+which, I am happy to say, will subside into lasting fame. I sold, on the
+day of publication--a thing perfectly unprecedented--10,000 copies....
+Gifford did what I never knew him do before--he repeated several
+passages from memory."
+
+The "Ode to Napoleon Bonaparte," which appeared in April 1814, was on
+the whole a failure. It was known to be Lord Byron's, and its
+publication was seized upon by the press as the occasion for many bitter
+criticisms, mingled with personalities against the writer's genius and
+character. He was cut to the quick by these notices, and came to the
+determination to buy back the whole of the copyrights of his works, and
+suppress every line he had ever written. On April 29, 1814, he wrote to
+Mr. Murray:
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 29, 1814.
+
+I enclose a draft for the money; when paid, send the copyrights. I
+release you from the thousand pounds agreed on for "The Giaour" and
+"Bride," and there's an end.... For all this, it might be well to assign
+some reason. I have none to give, except my own caprice, and I do not
+consider the circumstance of consequence enough to require
+explanation.... It will give me great pleasure to preserve your
+acquaintance, and to consider you as my friend. Believe me very truly,
+and for much attention,
+
+Yours, etc.,
+
+BYRON.
+
+Mr. Murray was of course very much concerned at this decision, and
+remonstrated. Three days later Lord Byron revoked his determination. To
+Mr. Murray he wrote (May 1, 1814):
+
+"If your present note is serious, and it really would be inconvenient,
+there is an end of the matter; tear my draft, and go on as usual: in
+that case, we will recur to our former basis."
+
+Before the end of the month Lord Byron began the composition of his next
+poem, "Lara," usually considered a continuation of "The Corsair." It was
+published conjointly with Mr. Rogers's "Jacqueline." "Rogers and I,"
+said Lord Byron to Moore, "have almost coalesced into a joint invasion
+of the public. Whether it will take place or not, I do not yet know, and
+I am afraid 'Jacqueline' (which is very beautiful) will be in bad
+company. But in this case, the lady will not be the sufferer."
+
+The two poems were published anonymously in the following August (1814):
+Murray allowed 500 guineas for the copyright of each.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+MR. MURRAY'S REMOVAL TO 50, ALBEMARLE STREET
+
+We must now revert to the beginning of 1812, at which time Mr. William
+Miller, who commenced business in Bond Street in 1791, and had in 1804
+removed to 50, Albemarle Street, desired to retire from "the Trade." He
+communicated his resolve to Mr. Murray, who had some time held the
+intention of moving westward from Fleet Street, and had been on the
+point of settling in Pall Mall. Murray at once entered into an
+arrangement with Miller, and in a letter to Mr. Constable of Edinburgh
+he observed:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. A. Constable_.
+
+_May_ 1, 1812.
+
+"You will probably have heard that Miller is about to retire, and that I
+have ventured to undertake to succeed him. I had for some time
+determined upon moving, and I did not very long hesitate about accepting
+his offer. I am to take no part of his stock but such as I may deem
+expedient, and for it and the rest I shall have very long credit. How
+far it may answer, I know not; but if I can judge of my own views, I
+think it may prove an advantageous opening. Miller's retirement is very
+extraordinary, for no one in the trade will believe that he has made a
+fortune; but from what he has laid open to me, it is clear that he has
+succeeded. In this arrangement, I propose of course to dispose of my
+present house, and my medical works, with other parts of my business. I
+have two offers for it, waiting my decision as to terms.... I am to
+enter at Miller's on September 29th next." [Footnote: The Fleet Street
+business was eventually purchased by Thomas and George Underwood. It
+appears from the "Memoirs of Adam Black" that Black was for a short time
+a partner with the Underwoods. Adam Black quitted the business in 1813.
+Upon the failure of the Underwoods in 1831, Mr. Samuel Highley, son of
+Mr. Murray's former partner, took possession, and the name of Highley
+again appeared over the door.]
+
+The terms arranged with Mr. Miller were as follows: The lease of the
+house, No. 50, Albemarle Street, was purchased by Mr. Murray, together
+with the copyrights, stock, etc., for the sum of L3,822 12_s_. 6_d_.;
+Mr. Miller receiving as surety, during the time the purchase money
+remained unpaid, the copyright of "Domestic Cookery," of the _Quarterly
+Review_, and the one-fourth share in "Marmion." The debt was not finally
+paid off until the year 1821.
+
+Amongst the miscellaneous works which Mr. Murray published shortly after
+his removal to Albemarle Street were William Sotheby's translation of
+the "Georgies of Virgil"--the most perfect translation, according to
+Lord Jeffrey, of a Latin classic which exists in our language; Robert
+Bland's "Collection from the Greek Anthology"; Prince Hoare's "Epochs of
+the Arts"; Lord Glenbervie's work on the "Cultivation of Timber";
+Granville Penn's "Bioscope, or Dial of Life explained"; John Herman
+Merivale's "Orlando in Roncesvalles"; and Sir James Hall's splendid work
+on "Gothic Architecture." Besides these, there was a very important
+contribution to our literature--in the "Miscellaneous Works of Gibbon"
+in 5 volumes, for the copyright of which Mr. Murray paid Lord Sheffield
+the sum of L1,000.
+
+In 1812 he published Sir John Malcolm's "Sketch of the Sikhs," and in
+the following year Mr. Macdonald Kinneir's "Persia." Mr. D'Israeli's
+"Calamities of Authors" appeared in 1812, and Murray forwarded copies of
+the work to Scott and Southey.
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ 2,1812.
+
+I owe you best thanks for the 'Calamities of Authors,' which has all the
+entertaining and lively features of the 'Amenities of Literature.' I am
+just packing them up with a few other books for my hermitage at
+Abbotsford, where my present parlour is only 12 feet square, and my
+book-press in Lilliputian proportion. Poor Andrew Macdonald I knew in
+days of yore, and could have supplied some curious anecdotes respecting
+him. He died of a poet's consumption, viz. want of food.
+
+"The present volume of 'Somers' [Footnote: Lord Somers' "Tracts," a new
+edition in 12 volumes.] will be out immediately; with whom am I to
+correspond on this subject since the secession of Will. Miller? I shall
+be happy to hear you have succeeded to him in this department, as well
+as in Albemarle Street. What has moved Miller to retire? He is surely
+too young to have made a fortune, and it is uncommon to quit a thriving
+trade. I have had a packet half finished for Gifford this many a day."
+
+Southey expressed himself as greatly interested in the "Calamities of
+Authors," and proposed to make it the subject of an article for the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 14, 1812.
+
+"I should like to enlarge a little upon the subject of literary
+property, on which he has touched, in my opinion, with proper feeling.
+Certainly I am a party concerned. I should like to say something upon
+the absurd purposes of the Literary Fund, with its despicable
+ostentation of patronage, and to build a sort of National Academy in the
+air, in the hope that Canning might one day lay its foundation in a more
+solid manner. [Footnote: Canning had his own opinion on the subject.
+When the Royal Society of Literature was about to be established, an
+application was made to him to join the committee. He refused, for
+reasons "partly general, partly personal." He added, "I am really of
+opinion, with Dr. Johnson, that the multitudinous personage, called The
+Public, is after all, the best patron of literature and learned men."]
+And I could say something on the other side of the picture, showing that
+although literature in almost all cases is the worst trade to which a
+man can possibly betake himself, it is the best and wisest of all
+pursuits for those whose provision is already made, and of all
+amusements for those who have leisure to amuse themselves. It has long
+been my intention to leave behind me my own Memoirs, as a post-obit for
+my family--a wise intention no doubt, and one which it is not very
+prudent to procrastinate. Should this ever be completed, it would
+exhibit a case directly in contrast to D'Israeli's view of the subject.
+I chose literature for my own profession, with every advantage of
+education it is true, but under more disadvantages perhaps of any other
+kind than any of the persons in his catalogue. I have never repented the
+choice. The usual censure, ridicule, and even calumnies, which it has
+drawn on me never gave me a moment's pain; but on the other hand,
+literature has given me friends; among the best and wisest and most
+celebrated of my contemporaries it has given me distinction. If I live
+twenty years longer, I do not doubt that it will give me fortune, and if
+it pleases God to take me before my family are provided for, I doubt as
+little that in my name and in my works they will find a provision. I
+want to give you a 'Life of Wesley.' The history of the Dissenters must
+be finished by that time, and it will afford me opportunity."
+
+During the year 1813 the recklessness of the younger Ballantyne,
+combined with the formation of the incipient estate at Abbotsford, were
+weighing heavily on Walter Scott. This led to a fresh alliance with
+Constable, "in which," wrote Scott, "I am sensible he has gained a great
+advantage"; but in accordance with the agreement Constable, in return
+for a share in Scott's new works, was to relieve the Ballantynes of some
+of their heavy stock, and in May Scott was enabled "for the first time
+these many weeks to lay my head on a quiet pillow." But nothing could
+check John Ballantyne. "I sometimes fear," wrote Scott to him, "that
+between the long dates of your bills and the tardy settlements of the
+Edinburgh trade, some difficulties will occur even in June; and July I
+always regard with deep anxiety." How true this forecast proved to be is
+shown by the following letter:
+
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_,
+
+EDINBURGH, _July 5_, 1813.
+
+I delayed answering your favour, thinking I could have overtaken the
+"Daemonology" for the _Review_, but I had no books in the country where
+it found me, and since that Swift, who is now nearly finished, has kept
+me incessantly labouring. When that is off my hand I will have plenty of
+leisure for reviewing, though you really have no need of my assistance.
+The volume of "Somers" being now out of my hands I take the liberty to
+draw at this date as usual for L105. Now I have a favour to ask which I
+do with the more confidence because, if it is convenient and agreeable
+to you to oblige me in the matter, it will be the means of putting our
+connection as author and publisher upon its former footing, which I
+trust will not be disagreeable to you. I am making up a large sum of
+money to pay for a late purchase, and as part of my funds is secured on
+an heritable bond which cannot be exacted till Martinmas, I find myself
+some hundreds short, which the circumstances of the money market here
+renders it not so easy to supply as formerly. Now if you will oblige me
+by giving me a lift with your credit and accepting the enclosed bills,
+[Footnote: Three bills for L300 each at three, four, and six months
+respectively.] it will accommodate me particularly at this moment, and
+as I shall have ample means of putting you in cash to replace them as
+they fall due, will not, I should hope, occasion you any inconvenience.
+Longmans' house on a former occasion obliged me in this way, and I hope
+found their account in it. But I entreat you will not stand on the
+least ceremony should you think you could not oblige me without
+inconveniencing yourself. The property I have purchased cost about
+L6,000, so it is no wonder I am a little out for the moment. Will you
+have the goodness to return an answer in course of post, as, failing
+your benevolent aid, I must look about elsewhere?
+
+You will understand distinctly that I do not propose that you should
+advance any part of the money by way of loan or otherwise, but only the
+assistance of your credit, the bills being to be retired by cash
+remitted by me before they fall due.
+
+Believe me, very truly,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Mr. Murray at once replied:
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_July_ 8, 1813.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have the pleasure of returning accepted the bills which I received
+from you this morning. In thus availing myself of your confidential
+application, I trust that you will do me the justice to believe that it
+is done for kindness already received, and not with the remotest view
+towards prospective advantages. I shall at all times feel proud of being
+one of your publishers, but this must be allowed to arise solely out of
+your own feelings and convenience when the occasions shall present
+themselves. I am sufficiently content in the belief that even negative
+obstacles to our perfect confidence have now subsided.
+
+When weightier concerns permit we hope that you will again appear in our
+_Review_. In confidence I may tell you that your long silence led us to
+avail ourselves of your friend Mr. Rose's offer to review Ferriar,
+[Footnote: Dr. Ferriar on "Apparitions."] and his article is already
+printing.
+
+I will send you a new edition of the "Giaour," in which there are one or
+two stanzas added of peculiar beauty.
+
+I trust that your family are well, and remain, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+
+Within a few months of this correspondence, Scott was looking into an
+old writing-desk in search of some fishing-tackle, when his eye chanced
+to light upon the Ashestiel fragment of "Waverley," begun several years
+before. He read over the introductory chapters, and then determined to
+finish the story. It is said that he first offered it anonymously to Sir
+R. Phillips, London, who refused to publish it. "Waverley" was
+afterwards accepted by Constable & Co., and published on half profits,
+on July 7, 1814. When it came out, Murray got an early copy of the
+novel; he read it, and sent it to Mr. Canning, and wrote upon the
+title-page, "By Walter Scott." The reason why he fixed upon Scott as the
+author was as follows. When he met Ballantyne at Boroughbridge, in 1809,
+to settle some arrangements as to the works which Walter Scott proposed
+to place in his hands for publication, he remembered that among those
+works were three--1st, an edition of "Beaumont and Fletcher"; 2nd, a
+poem; and 3rd, a novel. Now, both the edition of "Beaumont and Fletcher"
+(though edited by Weber) and the poem, the "Lady of the Lake," had been
+published; and now, at last, appeared _the novel_. [Footnote: Indeed, in
+Ballantyne & Co.'s printed list of "New Works and Publications for
+1809-10," issued August 1810 (now before us), we find the following
+entry: "Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since; a novel in 3 vols. 12mo."
+The work was not, however, published until July 1814.] He was confirmed
+in his idea that Walter Scott was the author after carefully reading the
+book. Canning called on Murray next day; said he had begun it, found it
+very dull, and concluded: "You are quite mistaken; it cannot be by
+Walter Scott." But a few days later he wrote to Murray: "Yes, it is so;
+you are right: Walter Scott, and no one else."
+
+In the autumn of 1814 Mrs. Murray went to Leith by sailing-ship from the
+Thames, to visit her mother and friends in Edinburgh. She was
+accompanied by her son John and her two daughters. During her absence,
+Mr. Murray wrote to her two or three times a week, and kept her _au
+courant_ with the news of the day. In his letter of August 9 he
+intimated that he had been dining with D'Israeli, and that he afterwards
+went with him to Sadler's Wells Theatre to see the "Corsair," at which
+he was "woefully disappointed and enraged.... They have actually omitted
+his wife altogether, and made him a mere ruffian, ultimately overcome by
+the Sultan, and drowned in the New River!"
+
+Mr. Blackwood, of Edinburgh, was then in London, spending several days
+with Mr. Murray over their accounts and future arrangements. The latter
+was thinking of making a visit to Paris, in the company of his friend
+D'Israeli, during the peace which followed the exile of Napoleon to
+Elba. D'Israeli had taken a house at Brighton, from which place the
+voyagers intended to set sail, and make the passage to Dieppe in about
+fourteen hours. On August 13 Mr. Murray informs his wife that "Lord
+Byron was here yesterday, and I introduced him to Blackwood, to whom he
+was very civil. They say," he added, "that Madame de Stael has been
+ordered to quit Paris, for writing lightly respecting the Bourbons." Two
+days later he wrote to Mrs. Murray:
+
+
+_August_ 15, 1814.
+
+"I dined yesterday with D'Israeli, and in the afternoon we partly walked
+and partly rode to Islington, to drink tea with Mrs. Lindo, who, with
+Mr. L. and her family, were well pleased to see me. Mr. Cervetto was
+induced to accompany the ladies at the piano with his violoncello, which
+he did delightfully. We walked home at 10 o'clock. On Saturday we passed
+a very pleasant day at Petersham with Turner and his family....
+
+"I have got at last Mr. Eagle's 'Journal of Penrose, the Seaman,' for
+which, as you may remember, I am to pay L200 in twelve months for 1,000
+copies: too dear perhaps; but Lord Byron sent me word this morning by
+letter (for he borrowed the MS. last night): 'Penrose is most amusing. I
+never read so much of a book at one sitting in my life. He kept me up
+half the night, and made me dream of him the other half. It has all the
+air of truth, and is most entertaining and interesting in every point of
+view.'"
+
+Writing again on August 24, 1814, he says:
+
+"Lord Byron set out for Newstead on Sunday. It is finally settled to be
+his again, the proposed purchaser forfeiting L25,000. 'Lara' and
+'Jacqueline' are nearly sold off, to the extent of 6,000, which leaves
+me L130, and the certain sale of 10,000 more in the 8vo form. Mr.
+Canning called upon Gifford yesterday, and from their conversation I
+infer very favourably for my _Review_. We shall now take a decided tone
+in Politics, and we are all in one boat. Croker has gone down to the
+Prince Regent, at Brighton, where I ought to have been last night, to
+have witnessed the rejoicings and splendour of the Duke of Clarence's
+birthday. But I am ever out of luck. 'O, indolence and indecision of
+mind! if not in yourselves vices, to how much exquisite misery do you
+frequently prepare the way!' Have you come to this passage in 'Waverley'
+yet? Pray read 'Waverley'; it is excellent."
+
+On September 5, 1814, Mr. Murray communicated with Mrs. Murray as to
+the education of his son John, then six-and-a-half years old:
+
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Murray_.
+
+"I am glad that you venture to say something about the children, for it
+is only by such minutiae that I can judge of the manner in which they
+amuse or behave themselves. I really do not see the least propriety in
+leaving John, at an age when the first impressions are so deep and
+lasting, to receive the rudiments and foundation of his education in
+Scotland. If learning English, his native language, mean anything, it is
+not merely to read it correctly and understand it grammatically, but to
+speak and pronounce it like the most polished native. But how can you
+expect this to be effected, even with the aid of the best teachers, when
+everybody around him, with whom he can practise his instructions, speaks
+in a totally different manner? No! I rather think it better that he
+should go to Edinburgh after he has passed through the schools here, and
+when he is sixteen or seventeen. He should certainly go to some school
+next spring, and I most confidingly trust that you are unremitting in
+your duty to give him daily lessons of preparation, or he may be so far
+behind children of his age when he does go to school, that the derision
+he may meet there may destroy emulation. All this, however, is matter
+for serious consideration and for future consultation, in which your
+voice shall have its rightful influence...."
+
+
+Mr. Murray was under the necessity of postponing his visit to France. He
+went to Brighton instead, and spent a few pleasant days with Mr.
+D'Israeli and his friends.
+
+On September 24 Mr. Murray, having returned to London, informed his
+wife, still at Edinburgh, of an extraordinary piece of news.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Murray_.
+
+"I was much surprised to learn from Dallas, whom I accidentally met
+yesterday, that Lord Byron was expected in town every hour. I
+accordingly left my card at his house, with a notice that I would attend
+him as soon as he pleased; and it pleased him to summon my attendance
+about seven in the evening. He had come to town on business, and
+regretted that he would not be at Newstead until a fortnight, as he
+wished to have seen me there on my way to Scotland. Says he, 'Can you
+keep a secret?' 'Certainly--positively--my wife's out of town!' 'Then--I
+am going to be MARRIED!' 'The devil! I shall have no poem this winter
+then?' 'No.' 'Who is the lady who is to do me this injury?' 'Miss
+Milbanke--do you know her?' 'No, my lord.'
+
+"So here is news for you! I fancy the lady is rich, noble, and
+beautiful; but this shall be my day's business to enquire about. Oh!
+how he did curse poor Lady C---- as the fiend who had interrupted all
+his projects, and who would do so now if possible. I think he hinted
+that she had managed to interrupt this connexion two years ago. He
+thought she was abroad, and, to his torment and astonishment, he finds
+her not only in England, but in London. He says he has written some
+small poems which his friends think beautiful, particularly one of eight
+lines, his very best--all of which, I believe, I am to have; and,
+moreover, he gives me permission to publish the octavo edition of 'Lara'
+with his name, which secures, I think, L700 to you and me. So Scott's
+poem is announced ['Lord of the Isles'], and I am cut out. I wish I had
+been in Scotland six weeks ago, and I might have come in for a share.
+Should I apply for one to him, it would oblige me to be a partner with
+Constable, who is desperately in want of money. He has applied to Cadell
+& Davies (the latter told me in confidence) and they refused."
+
+
+At the beginning of October Mr. Murray set out for Edinburgh, journeying
+by Nottingham for the purpose of visiting Newstead Abbey.
+
+The following is Mr. Murray's account of his visit to Newstead. His
+letter is dated Matlock, October 5, 1814:
+
+
+"I got to Newstead about 11 o'clock yesterday and found the steward, my
+namesake, and the butler waiting for me. The first, who is good-looking
+and a respectable old man of about sixty-five years, showed me over the
+house and grounds, which occupied two hours, for I was anxious to
+examine everything. But never was I more disappointed, for my notions, I
+suppose, had been raised to the romantic. I had surmised the possibly
+easy restoration of this once famous abbey, the mere skeleton of which
+is now fast crumbling to ruin. Lord Byron's immediate predecessor
+stripped the whole place of all that was splendid and interesting; and
+you may judge of what he must have done to the mansion when inform you
+that he converted the ground, which used to be covered with the finest
+trees, like a forest, into an absolute desert. Not a tree is left
+standing, and the wood thus shamefully cut down was sold in one day for
+L60,000. The hall of entrance has about eighteen large niches, which had
+been filled with statues, and the side walls covered with family
+portraits and armour. All these have been mercilessly torn down, as well
+as the magnificent fireplace, and sold. All the beautiful paintings
+which filled the galleries--valued at that day at L80,000--have
+disappeared, and the whole place is crumbling into dust. No sum short of
+L100,000 would make the place habitable. Lord Byron's few apartments
+contain some modern upholstery, but serve only to show what ought to
+have been there. They are now digging round the cloisters for a
+traditionary cannon, and in their progress, about five days ago, they
+discovered a corpse in too decayed a state to admit of removal. I saw
+the drinking-skull [Footnote: When the father of the present Mr. Murray
+was a student in Edinburgh, he wrote to his father (April 10,1827): "I
+saw yesterday at a jeweller's shop in Edinburgh a great curiosity, no
+less than Lord Byron's skull cup, upon which he wrote the poem. It is
+for sale; the owner, whose name I could not learn (it appears he does
+not wish it known), wants L200 for it."] and the marble mausoleum erected
+over Lord Byron's dog. I came away with my heart aching and full of
+melancholy reflections--producing a lowness of spirits which I did not
+get the better of until this morning, when the most enchanting scenery I
+have ever beheld has at length restored me. I am far more surprised that
+Lord Byron should ever have lived at Newstead, than that he should be
+inclined to part with it; for, as there is no possibility of his being
+able, by any reasonable amount of expense, to reinstate it, the place
+can present nothing but a perpetual memorial of the wickedness of his
+ancestors. There are three, or at most four, domestics at board wages.
+All that I was asked to taste was a piece of bread-and-butter. As my
+foot was on the step of the chaise, when about to enter it, I was
+informed that his lordship had ordered that I should take as much game
+as I liked. What makes the steward, Joe Murray, an interesting object to
+me, is that the old man has seen the abbey in all its vicissitudes of
+greatness and degradation. Once it was full of unbounded hospitality and
+splendour, and now it is simply miserable. If this man has feelings--of
+which, by the way, he betrays no symptom--he would possibly be miserable
+himself. He has seen three hundred of the first people in the county
+filling the gallery, and seen five hundred deer disporting themselves in
+the beautiful park, now covered with stunted offshoots of felled trees.
+Again I say it gave me the heartache to witness all this ruin, and I
+regret that my romantic picture has been destroyed by the reality."
+
+
+Among the friends that welcomed Mr. Murray to Edinburgh was Mr. William
+Blackwood, who then, and for a long time after, was closely connected
+with him in his business transactions. Blackwood was a native of
+Edinburgh; having served his apprenticeship with Messrs. Bell &
+Bradfute, booksellers, he was selected by Mundell & Company to take
+charge of a branch of their extensive publishing business in Glasgow. He
+returned to Edinburgh, and again entered the service of Bell et
+Bradfute; but after a time went to London to master the secrets of the
+old book trade under the well-known Mr. Cuthill. Returning to Edinburgh,
+he set up for himself in 1804, at the age of twenty-eight, at a shop in
+South Bridge Street--confining himself, for the most part, to old books.
+He was a man of great energy and decision of character, and his early
+education enabled him to conduct his correspondence with a remarkable
+degree of precision and accuracy. Mr. Murray seems to have done business
+with him as far back as June 1807, and was in the habit of calling upon
+Blackwood, who was about his own age, whenever he visited Edinburgh. The
+two became intimate, and corresponded frequently; and at last, when
+Murray withdrew from the Ballantynes, in August 1810 he transferred the
+whole of his Scottish agency to the house of William Blackwood. In
+return for the publishing business sent to him from London, Blackwood
+made Murray his agent for any new works published by him in Edinburgh.
+In this way Murray became the London publisher for Hogg's new poems, and
+"The Queen's Wake," which had reached its fourth edition.
+
+Mr. Murray paid at this time another visit to Abbotsford. Towards the
+end of 1814 Scott had surrounded the original farmhouse with a number of
+buildings--kitchen, laundry, and spare bedrooms--and was able to
+entertain company. He received Murray with great cordiality, and made
+many enquiries as to Lord Byron, to whom Murray wrote on his return to
+London:
+
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+"Walter Scott commissioned me to be the bearer of his warmest greetings
+to you. His house was full the day I passed with him; and yet, both in
+corners and at the surrounded table, he talked incessantly of you.
+Unwilling that I should part without bearing some mark of his love (a
+poet's love) for you, he gave me a superb Turkish dagger to present to
+you, as the only remembrance which, at the moment, he could think of to
+offer you. He was greatly pleased with the engraving of your portrait,
+which I recollected to carry with me; and during the whole dinner--when
+all were admiring the taste with which Scott had fitted up a sort of
+Gothic cottage--he expressed his anxious wishes that you might honour
+him with a visit, which I ventured to assure him you would feel no less
+happy than certain in effecting when you should go to Scotland; and I am
+sure he would hail your lordship as 'a very brother.'"
+
+
+After all his visits had been paid, and he had made his arrangements
+with his printers and publishers, Mr. Murray returned to London with his
+wife and family. Shortly after his arrival he received a letter from Mr.
+Blackwood.
+
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_November 8_, 1814.
+
+"I was much gratified by your letter informing me of your safe arrival.
+How much you must be overwhelmed just now, and your mind distracted by
+so many calls upon your attention at once. I hope that you are now in
+one of your best frames of mind, by which you are enabled, as you have
+told me, to go through, with more satisfaction to yourself, ten times
+the business you can do at other times. While you are so occupied with
+your great concerns, I feel doubly obliged to you for your remembrance
+of my small matters."
+
+
+After referring to his illness, he proceeds:
+
+
+"Do not reflect upon your visit to the bard (Walter Scott). You would
+have blamed yourself much more if you had not gone. The advance was made
+by him through Ballantyne, and you only did what was open and candid. We
+shall be at the bottom of these peoples' views by-and-bye; at present I
+confess I only see very darkly--but let us have patience; a little time
+will develop all these mysteries. I have not seen Ballantyne since, and
+when I do see him I shall say very little indeed. If there really is a
+disappointment in not being connected with Scott's new poem, you should
+feel it much less than any man living--having such a poet as Lord
+Byron."
+
+
+Although Murray failed to obtain an interest in "The Lady of the Lake,"
+he was offered and accepted, at Scott's desire, a share in a new edition
+of "Don Roderick."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI
+
+MURRAY'S DRAWING-ROOM--BYRON AND SCOTT--WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1815
+
+
+During Mrs. Murray's absence in Edinburgh, the dwelling-house at 50,
+Albemarle Street was made over to the carpenters, painters, and house
+decorators. "I hope," said Mr. Murray to his wife, "to leave the
+drawing-room entirely at your ladyship's exclusive command." But the
+drawing-room was used for other purposes than the reception of ordinary
+visitors. It became for some time the centre of literary friendship and
+intercommunication at the West End. In those days there was no Athenaeum
+Club for the association of gentlemen known for their literary,
+artistic, or scientific attainments. That institution was only
+established in 1823, through the instrumentality of Croker, Lawrence,
+Chantrey, Sir Humphry Davy, and their friends. Until then, Murray's
+drawing-room was the main centre of literary intercourse in that quarter
+of London. Men of distinction, from the Continent and America, presented
+their letters of introduction to Mr. Murray, and were cordially and
+hospitably entertained by him; meeting, in the course of their visits,
+many distinguished and notable personages.
+
+In these rooms, early in 1815, young George Ticknor, from Boston, in
+America, then only twenty-three, met Moore, Campbell, D'Israeli,
+Gifford, Humphry Davy, and others. He thus records his impressions of
+Gifford:
+
+"Among other persons, I brought letters to Gifford, the satirist, but
+never saw him till yesterday. Never was I so mistaken in my
+anticipations. Instead of a tall and handsome man, as I had supposed him
+from his picture--a man of severe and bitter remarks in conversation,
+such as I had good reason to believe him from his books, I found him a
+short, deformed, and ugly little man, with a large head sunk between
+his shoulders, and one of his eyes turned outward, but withal, one of
+the best-natured, most open and well-bred gentlemen I have ever met. He
+is editor of the _Quarterly Review_, and was not a little surprised and
+pleased to hear that it was reprinted with us, which I told him, with an
+indirect allusion to the review of 'Inchiquen's United States.'.... He
+carried me to a handsome room over Murray's book-store, which he has
+fitted up as a sort of literary lounge, where authors resort to read
+newspapers, and talk literary gossip. I found there Elmsley, Hallam,
+Lord Byron's 'Classic Hallam, much renowned for Greek,' now as famous as
+being one of his lordship's friends, Boswell, a son of Johnson's
+biographer, etc., so that I finished a long forenoon very pleasantly."
+[Footnote: "Life, Letters, and Journal of George Ticknor," i. 48.]
+
+The following letter and Ticknor's reference to Gifford only confirm the
+testimony of all who knew him that in private life the redoubtable
+editor and severe critic was an amiable and affectionate man.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_,
+
+JAMES STREET, _October_ 20, 1814.
+
+My DEAR SIR,
+
+What can I say in return for your interesting and amusing letter? I live
+here quite alone, and see nobody, so that I have not a word of news for
+you. I delight in your visit to Scotland, which I am sure would turn to
+good, and which I hope you will, as you say, periodically repeat. It
+makes me quite happy to find you beating up for recruits, and most
+ardently do I wish you success. Mention me kindly to Scott, and tell him
+how much I long to renew our wonted acquaintance. Southey's article is,
+I think, excellent. I have softened matters a little. Barrow is hard at
+work on Flinders [_Q. R_. 23]. I have still a most melancholy house. My
+poor housekeeper is going fast. Nothing can save her, and I lend all my
+care to soften her declining days. She has a physician every second day,
+and takes a world of medicines, more for their profit than her own, poor
+thing. She lives on fruit, grapes principally, and a little game, which
+is the only food she can digest. Guess at my expenses; but I owe in some
+measure the extension of my feeble life to her care through a long
+succession of years, and I would cheerfully divide my last farthing with
+her. I will not trouble you again on this subject, which is a mere
+concern of my own; but you have been very kind to her, and she is
+sensible of it."
+
+
+With respect to this worthy woman, it may be added that she died on
+February 6, 1815, carefully waited on to the last by her affectionate
+master. She was buried in South Audley Churchyard, where Gifford erected
+a tomb over her, and placed on it a very touching epitaph, concluding
+with these words: "Her deeply-affected master erected this stone to her
+memory, as a faithful testimony of her uncommon worth, and of his
+gratitude, respect, and affection for her long and meritorious
+services." [Footnote: It will serve to connect the narrative with one of
+the famous literary quarrels of the day, if we remind the reader that
+Hazlitt published a cruel and libellous pamphlet in 1819, entitled "A
+Letter to William Gifford," in which he hinted that some improper
+connection had subsisted between himself and his "frail memorial."
+Hazlitt wrote this pamphlet because of a criticism on the "Round Table"
+in the _Quarterly_, which Gifford did not write, and of a criticism of
+Hunt's "Rimini," published by Mr. Murray, which was also the work of
+another writer. But Gifford never took any notice of these libellous
+attacks upon him. He held that secrecy between himself and the
+contributors to the _Quarterly_ was absolutely necessary. Hazlitt, in
+the above pamphlet, also attacks Murray, Croker, Canning, Southey, and
+others whom he supposed to be connected with the _Review_.]
+
+Murray's own description of his famous drawing-room may also be given,
+from a letter to a relative:
+
+
+"I have lately ventured on the bold step of quitting the old
+establishment to which I have been so long attached, and have moved to
+one of the best, in every respect, that is known in my business, where I
+have succeeded in a manner the most complete and flattering. My house is
+excellent; and I transact all the departments of my business in an
+elegant library, which my drawing-room becomes during the morning; and
+there I am in the habit of seeing persons of the highest rank in
+literature and talent, such as Canning, Frere, Mackintosh, Southey,
+Campbell, Walter Scott, Madame de Stael, Gifford, Croker, Barrow, Lord
+Byron, and others; thus leading the most delightful life, with means of
+prosecuting my business with the highest honour and emolument."
+
+
+It was in Murray's drawing-room that Walter Scott and Lord Byron first
+met. They had already had some friendly intercourse by letter and had
+exchanged gifts, but in the early part of 1815 Scott was summoned to
+London on matters connected with his works. Mr. Murray wrote to Lord
+Byron on April 7:
+
+
+"Walter Scott has this moment arrived, and will call to-day between
+three and four, for the chance of having the pleasure of seeing you
+before he sets out for Scotland. I will show you a beautiful caricature
+of Buonaparte."
+
+Lord Byron called at the hour appointed, and was at once introduced to
+Mr. Scott, who was in waiting. They greeted each other in the most
+affectionate manner, and entered into a cordial conversation. How
+greatly Mr. Murray was gratified by a meeting which he had taken such
+pains to bring about, is shown by the following memorandum carefully
+preserved by him:
+
+"1815. _Friday, April_ 7.--This day Lord Byron and Walter Scott met for
+the first time and were introduced by me to each other. They conversed
+together for nearly two hours. There were present, at different times,
+Mr. William Gifford, James Boswell (son of the biographer of Johnson),
+William Sotheby, Robert Wilmot, Richard Heber, and Mr. Dusgate."
+
+Mr. Murray's son--then John Murray, Junior--gives his recollections as
+follows:
+
+"I can recollect seeing Lord Byron in Albemarle Street. So far as I can
+remember, he appeared to me rather a short man, with a handsome
+countenance, remarkable for the fine blue veins which ran over his pale,
+marble temples. He wore many rings on his fingers, and a brooch in his
+shirt-front, which was embroidered. When he called, he used to be
+dressed in a black dress-coat (as we should now call it), with grey, and
+sometimes nankeen trousers, his shirt open at the neck. Lord Byron's
+deformity in his foot was very evident, especially as he walked
+downstairs. He carried a stick. After Scott and he had ended their
+conversation in the drawing-room, it was a curious sight to see the two
+greatest poets of the age--both lame--stumping downstairs side by side.
+They continued to meet in Albemarle Street nearly every day, and
+remained together for two or three hours at a time. Lord Byron dined
+several times at Albemarle Street, On one of these occasions, he met Sir
+John Malcolm--a most agreeable and accomplished man--who was all the
+more interesting to Lord Byron, because of his intimate knowledge of
+Persia and India. After dinner, Sir John observed to Lord Byron, how
+much gratified he had been to meet him, and how surprised he was to find
+him so full of gaiety and entertaining conversation. Byron replied,
+'Perhaps you see me now at my best.' Sometimes, though not often, Lord
+Byron read passages from his poems to my father. His voice and manner
+were very impressive. His voice, in the deeper tones, bore some
+resemblance to that of Mrs. Siddons."
+
+Shortly before this first interview between Scott and Byron the news had
+arrived that Bonaparte had escaped from Elba, and landed at Cannes on
+March 1, 1815.
+
+A few days before--indeed on the day the battle was fought--Blackwood
+gave great praise to the new number of the _Quarterly_, containing the
+contrast of Bonaparte and Wellington. It happened that Southey wrote the
+article in No. 25, on the "Life and Achievements of Lord Wellington," in
+order to influence public opinion as much as possible, and to encourage
+the hearts of men throughout the country for the great contest about to
+take place in the Low Countries. About the same time Sir James
+Mackintosh had written an able and elaborate article for the
+_Edinburgh_, to show that the war ought to have been avoided, and that
+the consequences to England could only be unfortunate and inglorious.
+The number was actually printed, stitched, and ready for distribution in
+June; but it was thought better to wait a little, for fear of accidents,
+and especially for the purpose of using it instantly after the first
+reverse should occur, and thus to give it the force of prophecy. The
+Battle of Waterloo came like a thunderclap. The article was suppressed,
+and one on "Gall and his Craniology" substituted. "I think," says
+Ticknor, "Southey said he had seen the repudiated article." [Footnote:
+"Life, Letters, and Journals of George Ticknor "(2nd ed.), i. p. 41.]
+
+Lord Byron did not write another "Ode on Napoleon." He was altogether
+disappointed in his expectations. Nevertheless, he still, like Hazlitt,
+admired Napoleon, and hated Wellington. When he heard of the result of
+the Battle of Waterloo, and that Bonaparte was in full retreat upon
+Paris, he said, "I'm d----d sorry for it!"
+
+Mr. Murray, about this time, began to adorn his dining-room with
+portraits of the distinguished men who met at his table. His portraits
+include those of Gifford, [Footnote: This portrait was not painted for
+Mr. Murray, but was purchased by him.] by Hoppner, R.A.; Byron and
+Southey, by Phillips; Scott and Washington Irving, by Stewart Newton;
+Croker, by Eddis, after Lawrence; Coleridge, Crabbe, Mrs. Somerville,
+Hallam, T. Moore, Lockhart, and others. In April 1815 we find Thomas
+Phillips, afterwards R.A., in communication with Mr. Murray, offering to
+paint for him a series of Kit-cat size at eighty guineas each, and in
+course of time his pictures, together with those of John Jackson, R.A.,
+formed a most interesting gallery of the great literary men of the
+time, men and women of science, essayists, critics, Arctic voyagers, and
+discoverers in the regions of Central Africa.
+
+Byron and Southey were asked to sit for their portraits to Phillips.
+Though Byron was willing, and even thought it an honour, Southey
+pretended to grumble. To Miss Barker he wrote (November 9, 1815):
+
+
+"Here, in London, I can find time for nothing; and, to make things
+worse, the Devil, who owes me an old grudge, has made me sit to Phillips
+for a picture for Murray. I have in my time been tormented in this
+manner so often, and to such little purpose, that I am half tempted to
+suppose the Devil was the inventor of portrait painting."
+
+
+Meanwhile Mr. Murray was again in treaty for a share in a further work
+by Walter Scott. No sooner was the campaign of 1815 over, than a host of
+tourists visited France and the Low Countries, and amongst them Murray
+succeeded in making his long-intended trip to Paris, and Scott set out
+to visit the battlefields in Belgium. Before departing, Scott made an
+arrangement with John Ballantyne to publish the results of his travels,
+and he authorized him to offer the work to Murray, Constable, and the
+Longmans, in equal shares.
+
+In 1815 a very remarkable collection of documents was offered to Mr.
+Murray for purchase and publication. They were in the possession of one
+of Napoleon's generals, a friend of Miss Waldie. [Footnote: Afterwards
+Mrs. Eaton, author of "Letters from Italy."] The collection consisted of
+the personal correspondence of Bonaparte, when in the height of his
+power, with all the crowned heads and leading personages of Europe, upon
+subjects so strictly confidential that they had not even been
+communicated to their own ministers or private secretaries. They were
+consequently all written by their own hands.
+
+As regards the contents of these letters, Mr. Murray had to depend upon
+his memory, after making a hurried perusal of them. He was not allowed
+to copy any of them, but merely took a rough list. No record was kept of
+the dates. Among them was a letter from the King of Bavaria, urging his
+claims as a true and faithful ally, and claiming for his reward the
+dominion of Wurtemberg.
+
+There were several letters from the Prussian Royal family, including
+one from the King, insinuating that by the cession of Hanover to him his
+territorial frontier would be rendered more secure. The Emperor Paul, in
+a letter written on a small scrap of paper, proposed to transfer his
+whole army to Napoleon, to be employed in turning the English out of
+India, provided he would prevent them passing the Gut and enclosing the
+Baltic.
+
+The Empress of Austria wrote an apology for the uncultivated state of
+mind of her daughter, Marie Louise, about to become Napoleon's bride;
+but added that her imperfect education presented the advantage of
+allowing Napoleon to mould her opinions and principles in accordance
+with his own views and wishes.
+
+This correspondence would probably have met with an immense sale, but
+Mr. Murray entertained doubts as to the propriety of publishing
+documents so confidential, and declined to purchase them for the sum
+proposed. The next day, after his refusal, he ascertained that Prince
+Lieven had given, on behalf of his government, not less than L10,000 for
+the letters emanating from the Court of Russia alone. Thus the public
+missed the perusal of an important series of international scandals.
+
+In December 1815 Mr. Murray published "Emma" for Miss Jane Austen, and
+so connected his name with another English classic. Miss Austen's first
+novel had been "Northanger Abbey." It remained long in manuscript, and
+eventually she had succeeded in selling it to a bookseller at Bath for
+L10. He had not the courage to publish it, and after it had remained in
+his possession for some years, Miss Austen bought it back for the same
+money he had paid for it. She next wrote "Sense and Sensibility," and
+"Pride and Prejudice." The latter book was summarily rejected by Mr.
+Cadell. At length these two books were published anonymously by Mr.
+Egerton, and though they did not make a sensation, they gradually
+attracted attention and obtained admirers. No one could be more
+surprised than the authoress, when she received no less than L150 from
+the profits of her first published work--"Sense and Sensibility."
+
+When Miss Austen had finished "Emma," she put herself in communication
+with Mr. Murray, who read her "Pride and Prejudice," and sent it to
+Gifford. Gifford replied as follows:
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I have for the first time looked into 'Pride and Prejudice'; and it is
+really a very pretty thing. No dark passages; no secret chambers; no
+wind-howlings in long galleries; no drops of blood upon a rusty
+dagger--things that should now be left to ladies' maids and sentimental
+washerwomen."
+
+
+In a later letter he said:
+
+
+_September_ 29, 1815.
+
+"I have read 'Pride and Prejudice' _again_--'tis very good--wretchedly
+printed, and so pointed as to be almost unintelligible. Make no apology
+for sending me anything to read or revise. I am always happy to do
+either, in the thought that it may be useful to you.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Of 'Emma,' I have nothing but good to say. I was sure of the writer
+before you mentioned her. The MS., though plainly written, has yet some,
+indeed many little omissions; and an expression may now and then be
+amended in passing through the press. I will readily undertake the
+revision."
+
+
+Miss Austen's two other novels, "Northanger Abbey" and "Persuasion,"
+were also published by Murray, but did not appear until after her death
+in 1818. The profits of the four novels which had been published before
+her death did not amount to more than seven hundred pounds.
+
+Mr. Murray also published the works of Mr. Malthus on "Rent," the "Corn
+Laws," and the "Essay on Population." His pamphlet on Rent appeared in
+March 1815.
+
+Murray's correspondence with Scott continued. On December 25, 1815, he
+wrote:
+
+
+"I was about to tell you that Croker was so pleased with the idea of a
+Caledonian article from you, that he could not refrain from mentioning
+it to the Prince Regent, who is very fond of the subject, and he said he
+would be delighted, and is really anxious about it. Now, it occurs to
+me, as our _Edinburgh_ friends choose on many occasions to bring in the
+Prince's name to abuse it, this might offer an equally fair opportunity
+of giving him that praise which is so justly due to his knowledge of the
+history of his country....
+
+"I was with Lord Byron yesterday. He enquired after you, and bid me say
+how much he was indebted to your introduction of your poor Irish friend
+Maturin, who had sent him a tragedy, which Lord Byron received late in
+the evening, and read through, without being able to stop. He was so
+delighted with it that he sent it immediately to his fellow-manager, the
+Hon. George Lamb, who, late as it came to him, could not go to bed
+without finishing it. The result is that they have laid it before the
+rest of the Committee; they, or rather Lord Byron, feels it his duty to
+the author to offer it himself to the managers of Covent Garden. The
+poor fellow says in his letter that his hope of subsistence for his
+family for the next year rests upon what he can get for this play. I
+expressed a desire of doing something, and Lord Byron then confessed
+that he had sent him fifty guineas. I shall write to him tomorrow, and I
+think if you could draw some case for him and exhibit his merits,
+particularly if his play succeeds, I could induce Croker and Peel to
+interest themselves in his behalf, and get him a living.
+
+".... Have you any fancy to dash off an article on 'Emma'? It wants
+incident and romance, does it not? None of the author's other novels
+have been noticed, and surely 'Pride and Prejudice' merits high
+commendation."
+
+Scott immediately complied with Murray's request. He did "dash off an
+article on 'Emma,'" which appeared in No. 27 of the _Quarterly_. In
+enclosing his article to Murray, Scott wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1816.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+Enclosed is the article upon "Emma." I have been spending my holidays in
+the country, where, besides constant labour in the fields during all the
+hours of daylight, the want of books has prevented my completing the
+Highland article. (The "Culloden Papers," which appeared in next
+number.) It will be off, however, by Tuesday's post, as I must take
+Sunday and Monday into the account of finishing it. It will be quite
+unnecessary to send proofs of "Emma," as Mr. Gifford will correct all
+obvious errors, and abridge it where necessary.
+
+_January_, 25, 1816.
+
+"My article is so long that I fancy you will think yourself in the
+condition of the conjuror, who after having a great deal of trouble in
+raising the devil, could not get rid of him after he had once made his
+appearance. But the Highlands is an immense field, and it would have
+been much more easy for me to have made a sketch twice as long than to
+make it shorter. There still wants eight or nine pages, which you will
+receive by tomorrow's or next day's post; but I fancy you will be glad
+to get on."
+
+The article on the "Culloden Papers," which occupied fifty pages of the
+_Review_ (No. 28), described the clans of the Highlands, their number,
+manners, and habits; and gave a summary history of the Rebellion of '45.
+It was graphically and vigorously written, and is considered one of
+Scott's best essays.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII
+
+VARIOUS PUBLICATIONS--CHARLES MATURIN--S.T. COLERIDGE--LEIGH HUNT
+
+
+Scott's "poor Irish friend Maturin," referred to in the previous
+chapter, was a young Irish clergyman, who was under the necessity of
+depending upon his brains and pen for the maintenance of his family.
+Charles Maturin, after completing his course of education at Trinity
+College, married Miss Harriet Kinsburg. His family grew, but not his
+income. He took orders, and obtained the curacy of St. Peter's Church,
+Dublin, but owing to his father's affairs having become embarrassed, he
+was compelled to open a boarding-school, with the view of assisting the
+family. Unfortunately, he became bound for a friend, who deceived him,
+and eventually he was obliged to sacrifice his interest in the school.
+Being thus driven to extremities, he tried to live by literature, and
+produced "The Fatal Revenge; or, the Family of Montorio," the first of a
+series of romances, in which he outdid Mrs. Radcliffe and Monk Lewis.
+"The Fatal Revenge" was followed by "The Wild Irish Boy," for which
+Colburn gave him L80, and "The Milesian Chief," all full of horrors and
+misty grandeur. These works did not bring him in much money; but, in
+1815, he determined to win the height of dramatic fame in his "Bertram;
+or, the Castle of St. Aldebrand," a tragedy. He submitted the drama to
+Walter Scott, as from an "obscure Irishman," telling him of his
+sufferings as an author and the father of a family, and imploring his
+kind opinion. Scott replied in the most friendly manner, gave him much
+good advice, spoke of the work as "grand and powerful, the characters
+being sketched with masterly enthusiasm"; and, what was practically
+better, sent him L50 as a token of his esteem and sympathy, and as a
+temporary stop-gap until better times came round. He moreover called the
+attention of Lord Byron, then on the Committee of Management of Drury
+Lane Theatre, to the play, and his Lordship strongly recommended a
+performance of it. Thanks to the splendid acting of Kean, it succeeded,
+and Maturin realized about L1,000.
+
+"Bertram" was published by Murray, a circumstance which brought him into
+frequent communication with the unfortunate Maturin. The latter offered
+more plays, more novels, and many articles for the _Quarterly_. With
+reference to one of his articles--a review of Sheil's "Apostate"
+--Gifford said, "A more potatoe-headed arrangement, or rather
+derangement, I have never seen. I have endeavoured to bring some order
+out of the chaos. There is a sort of wild eloquence in it that makes it
+worth preserving."
+
+Maturin continued to press his literary work on Murray, who however,
+though he relieved him by the gift of several large sums of money,
+declined all further offers of publication save the tragedy of "Manuel."
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_March_ 15, 1817.
+
+"Maturin's new tragedy, 'Manuel,' appeared on Saturday last, and I am
+sorry to say that the opinion of Mr. Gifford was established by the
+impression made on the audience. The first act very fine, the rest
+exhibiting a want of judgment not to be endured. It was brought out with
+uncommon splendour, and was well acted. Kean's character as an old
+man--a warrior--was new and well sustained, for he had, of course,
+selected it, and professed to be--and he acted as if he were--really
+pleased with it.... I have undertaken to print the tragedy at my own
+expense, and to give the poor Author the whole of the profit."
+
+In 1824 Maturin died, in Dublin, in extreme poverty.
+
+The following correspondence introduces another great name in English
+literature. It is not improbable that it was Southey who suggested to
+Murray the employment of his brother-in-law, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
+from his thorough knowledge of German, as the translator of Goethe's
+"Faust." The following is Mr. Coleridge's first letter to Murray:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+JOSIAH WADE'S, Esq., 2, QUEEN'S SQUARE, BRISTOL. _[August_ 23, 1814.]
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have heard, from my friend Mr. Charles Lamb, writing by desire of Mr.
+Robinson, that you wish to have the justly-celebrated "Faust" of Goethe
+translated, and that some one or other of my partial friends have
+induced you to consider me as the man most likely to execute the work
+adequately, those excepted, of course, whose higher power (established
+by the solid and satisfactory ordeal of the wide and rapid sale of their
+works) it might seem profanation to employ in any other manner than in
+the development of their own intellectual organization. I return my
+thanks to the recommender, whoever he be, and no less to you for your
+flattering faith in the recommendation; and thinking, as I do, that
+among many volumes of praiseworthy German poems, the "Louisa" of Voss,
+and the "Faust" of Goethe, are the two, if not the only ones, that are
+emphatically _original_ in their conception, and characteristic of a new
+and peculiar sort of thinking and imagining, I should not be averse from
+exerting my best efforts in an attempt to import whatever is importable
+of either or of both into our own language.
+
+But let me not be suspected of a presumption of which I am not
+consciously guilty, if I say that I feel two difficulties; one arising
+from long disuse of versification, added to what I know, better than the
+most hostile critic could inform me, of my comparative weakness; and the
+other, that _any_ work in Poetry strikes me with more than common awe,
+as proposed for realization by myself, because from long habits of
+meditation on language, as the symbolic medium of the connection of
+Thought with Thought, and of Thoughts as affected and modified by
+Passion and Emotion, I should spend days in avoiding what I deemed
+faults, though with the full preknowledge that their admission would not
+have offended perhaps three of all my readers, and might be deemed
+Beauties by 300--if so many there were; and this not out of any respect
+for the Public (_i.e._ the persons who might happen to purchase and look
+over the Book), but from a hobby-horsical, superstitious regard to my
+own feelings and sense of Duty. Language is the sacred Fire in this
+Temple of Humanity, and the Muses are its especial and vestal
+Priestesses. Though I cannot prevent the vile drugs and counterfeit
+Frankincense, which render its flame at once pitchy, glowing, and
+unsteady, I would yet be no voluntary accomplice in the Sacrilege. With
+the commencement of a PUBLIC, commences the degradation of the GOOD and
+the BEAUTIFUL--both fade and retire before the accidentally AGREEABLE.
+"Othello" becomes a hollow lip-worship; and the "CASTLE SPECTRE," or any
+more recent thing of Froth, Noise, and Impermanence, that may have
+overbillowed it on the restless sea of curiosity, is the _true_ Prayer
+of Praise and Admiration.
+
+I thought it right to state to you these opinions of mine, that you
+might know that I think the Translation of the "Faust" a task demanding
+(from _me_, I mean), no ordinary efforts--and why? This--that it is
+painful, very painful, and even odious to me, to attempt anything of a
+literary nature, with any motive of _pecuniary_ advantage; but that I
+bow to the all-wise Providence, which has made me a _poor_ man, and
+therefore compelled me by other duties inspiring feelings, to bring
+_even my Intellect to the Market_. And the finale is this. I should like
+to attempt the Translation. If you will mention your terms, at once and
+irrevocably (for I am an idiot at bargaining, and shrink from the very
+thought), I will return an answer by the next Post, whether in my
+present circumstances, I can or cannot undertake it. If I do, I will do
+it immediately; but I must have all Goethe's works, which I cannot
+procure in Bristol; for to give the "Faust" without a preliminary
+critical Essay would be worse than nothing, as far as regards the
+PUBLIC. If you were to ask me as a Friend, whether I think it would suit
+_the General Taste_, I should reply that I cannot calculate on caprice
+and accident (for instance, some fashionable man or review happening to
+take it up favourably), but that otherwise my fears would be stronger
+than my hopes. Men of genius will admire it, of necessity. Those most,
+who think deepest and most imaginatively. The "Louisa" would delight
+_all_ of good hearts.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, With due respect, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+To this letter Mr. Murray replied as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Coleridge_.
+
+_August_ 29, 1814.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I feel greatly obliged by the favour of your attention to the request
+which I had solicited our friend Mr. Robinson to make to you for the
+translation of Goethe's extraordinary drama of "Faust," which I suspect
+that no one could do justice to besides yourself. It will be the first
+attempt to render into classical English a German work of peculiar but
+certainly of unquestionable Genius; and you must allow that its effects
+upon the public must be doubtful. I am desirous however of making the
+experiment, and this I would not do under a less skilful agent than the
+one to whom I have applied. I am no less anxious that you should
+receive, as far as I think the thing can admit, a fair remuneration; and
+trusting that you will not undertake it unless you feel disposed to
+execute the labour perfectly _con amore_, and in a style of
+versification equal to "Remorse," I venture to propose to you the sum of
+One Hundred Pounds for the Translation and the preliminary Analysis,
+with such passages translated as you may judge proper of the works of
+Goethe, with a copy of which I will have the pleasure of supplying you
+as soon as I have your final determination. The sum which I mention
+shall be paid to you in two months from the day on which you place the
+complete Translation and Analysis in my hands; this will allow a
+reasonable time for your previous correction of the sheets through the
+press. I shall be glad to hear from you by return of Post, if
+convenient, as I propose to set out this week for the Continent. If this
+work succeeds, I am in hopes that it will lead to many similar
+undertakings.
+
+With sincere esteem, I am, dear Sir, Your faithful Servant, J. Murray
+
+I should hope that it might not prove inconvenient to you to complete
+the whole for Press in the course of November next.
+
+Mr. Coleridge replied as follows, from the same address:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 31, 1814.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have received your letter. Considering the necessary labour, and (from
+the questionable nature of the original work, both as to its fair claims
+to Fame--the diction of the good and wise according to unchanging
+principles--and as to its chance for Reputation, as an accidental result
+of local and temporary taste), the risk of character on the part of the
+Translator, who will assuredly have to answer for any disappointment of
+the reader, the terms proposed are humiliatingly low; yet such as, under
+modifications, I accede to. I have received testimonials from men not
+merely of genius according to my belief, but of the highest accredited
+reputation, that my translation of "Wallenstein" was in language and in
+metre superior to the original, and the parts most admired were
+substitutions of my own, on a principle of compensation. Yet the whole
+work went for waste-paper. I was abused--nay, my own remarks in the
+Preface were transferred to a Review, as the Reviewer's sentiments
+_against_ me, without even a hint that he had copied them from my own
+Preface. Such was the fate of "Wallenstein"! And yet I dare appeal to
+any number of men of Genius--say, for instance, Mr. W. Scott, Mr.
+Southey, Mr. Wordsworth, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Sotheby, Sir G. Beaumont, etc.,
+whether the "Wallenstein" with all its defects (and it has grievous
+defects), is not worth all Schiller's other plays put together. But I
+wonder not. It was _too_ good, and not good enough; and the advice of
+the younger Pliny: "Aim at pleasing either _all_, or _the few,"_ is as
+prudentially good as it is philosophically accurate. I wrote to Mr.
+Longman before the work was published, and foretold its fate, even to a
+detailed accuracy, and advised him to put up with the loss from the
+purchase of the MSS and of the Translation, as a much less evil than the
+publication. I went so far as to declare that its success was, in the
+state of public Taste, impossible; that the enthusiastic admirers of
+"The Robbers," "Cabal and Love," etc., would lay the blame on me; and
+that he himself would suspect that if he had only lit on _another_
+Translator then, etc. Everything took place as I had foretold, even his
+own feelings--so little do Prophets gain from the fulfilment of their
+Prophecies!
+
+On the other hand, though I know that executed as alone I can or dare do
+it--that is, to the utmost of my power (for which the intolerable Pain,
+nay the far greater Toil and Effort of doing otherwise, is a far safer
+Pledge than any solicitude on my part concerning the approbation of the
+PUBLIC), the translation of so very difficult a work as the "Faustus,"
+will be most inadequately remunerated by the terms you propose; yet they
+very probably are the highest it may be worth your while to offer to
+_me_. I say this as a philosopher; for, though I have now been much
+talked of, and written of, for evil and not for good, but for suspected
+capability, yet none of my works have ever sold. The "Wallenstein" went
+to the waste. The "Remorse," though acted twenty times, rests quietly on
+the shelves in the second edition, with copies enough for seven years'
+consumption, or seven times seven. I lost L200 by the non-payment, from
+forgetfulness, and under various pretences, by "The Friend"; [Footnote:
+Twenty-seven numbers of _The Friend_ were published by Coleridge at
+Penrith in Cumberland in 1809-10, but the periodical proved a failure,
+principally from the irregularity of its appearance. It was about this
+time that he was addicted to opium-eating.] and for my poems I _did_ get
+from L10 to L15. And yet, forsooth, the _Quarterly Review_ attacks me
+for neglecting and misusing my powers! I do not quarrel with the
+Public--all is as it must be--but surely the Public (if there be such a
+Person) has no right to quarrel with _me_ for not getting into jail by
+publishing what they will not read!
+
+The "Faust," you perhaps know, is only a _Fragment_. Whether Goethe ever
+will finish it, or whether it is ever his object to do so, is quite
+unknown. A large proportion of the work cannot be rendered in blank
+verse, but must be given in wild _lyrical_ metres; and Mr. Lamb informs
+me that the Baroness de Stael has given a very unfavourable account of
+the work. Still, however, I will undertake it, and that instantly, so as
+to let you have the last sheet by the middle of November, on the
+following terms:
+
+1. That on the delivery of the last MS. sheet you remit 100 guineas to
+Mrs. Coleridge, or Mr. Robert Southey, at a bill of five weeks. 2. That
+I, or my widow or family, may, any time after two years from the first
+publication, have the privilege of reprinting it in any collection of
+all my poetical writings, or of my works in general, which set off with
+a Life of me, might perhaps be made profitable to my widow. And 3rd,
+that if (as I long ago meditated) I should re-model the whole, give it a
+finale, and be able to bring it, thus re-written and re-cast, on the
+stage, it shall not be considered as a breach of the engagement between
+us, I on my part promising that you shall, for an equitable
+consideration, have the copy of this new work, either as a separate
+work, or forming a part of the same volume or both, as circumstances may
+dictate to you. When I say that I am confident that in this _possible_
+and not probable case, I should not repeat or retain one fifth of the
+original, you will perceive that I consult only my dread of appearing
+to act amiss, as it would be even more easy to compose the whole anew.
+
+If these terms suit you I will commence the Task as soon as I receive
+Goethe's works from you. If you could procure Goethe's late Life of
+himself, which extends but a short way, or any German biographical work
+of the Germans living, it would enable me to render the preliminary
+Essay more entertaining.
+
+Respectfully, dear Sir,
+
+S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Mr. Murray's reply to this letter has not been preserved. At all events,
+nothing further was done by Coleridge with respect to the translation of
+"Faust," which is to be deplored, as his exquisite and original melody
+of versification might have produced a translation almost as great as
+the original.
+
+Shortly after Coleridge took up his residence with the Gillmans at
+Highgate, and his intercourse with Murray recommenced. Lord Byron, while
+on the managing committee of Drury Lane Theatre, had been instrumental
+in getting Coleridge's "Remorse" played upon the stage, as he
+entertained a great respect for its author. He was now encouraging Mr.
+Murray to publish other works by Coleridge--among others, "Zapolya" and
+"Christabel."
+
+On April 12, 1816, Coleridge gave the following lines to Mr. Murray,
+written in his own hand: [Footnote: The "Song, by Glycine" was first
+published in "Zapolya: A Christmas Tale," 1817, Part II., Act ii., Scene
+I. It was set to music by W. Patten in 1836; and again, with the title
+"May Song," in 1879, by B.H. Loehr.]
+
+GLYCINE: Song.
+
+"A sunny shaft did I behold,
+  From sky to earth it slanted,
+And pois'd therein a Bird so bold--
+  Sweet bird! thou wert enchanted!
+He sank, he rose, he twinkled, he troll'd,
+  Within that shaft of sunny mist:
+His Eyes of Fire, his Beak of Gold,
+  All else of Amethyst!
+And thus he sang: Adieu! Adieu!
+  Love's dreams prove seldom true.
+Sweet month of May! we must away!
+  Far, far away!
+  Today! today!"
+
+In the following month (May 8, 1816) Mr. Coleridge offered Mr. Murray
+his "Remorse" for publication, with a Preface. He also offered his poem
+of "Christabel," still unfinished. For the latter Mr. Murray agreed to
+give him seventy guineas, "until the other poems shall be completed,
+when the copyright shall revert to the author," and also L20 for
+permission to publish the poem entitled "Kubla Khan."
+
+Next month (June 6) Murray allowed Coleridge L50 for an edition of
+"Zapolya: A Christmas Tale," which was then in MS.; and he also
+advanced him another L50 for a play which was still to be written.
+"Zapolya" was afterwards entrusted to another publisher (Rest Fenner),
+and Coleridge repaid Murray L50. Apparently (see _letter_ of March 29,
+1817) Murray very kindly forewent repayment of the second advance of
+L50. There was, of course, no obligation to excuse a just debt, but the
+three issues of "Christabel" had resulted in a net profit of a little
+over L100 to the publisher.
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+HIGHGATE, _July_ 4, 1816.
+
+I have often thought that there might be set on foot a review of old
+books, _i.e.,_ of all works important or remarkable, the authors of
+which are deceased, with a probability of a tolerable sale, if only the
+original _plan_ were a good one, and if no articles were admitted but
+from men who understood and recognized the Principles and Rules of
+Criticism, which should form the first number. I would not take the
+works chronologically, but according to the likeness or contrast of the
+_kind_ of genius--_ex. gr_. Jeremy Taylor, Milton (his prose works), and
+Burke--Dante and Milton--Scaliger and Dr. Johnson. Secondly, if
+especial attention were paid to all men who had produced, or aided in
+producing, any great revolution in the Taste or opinions of an age, as
+Petrarch, Ulrich von Hutten, etc. (here I will dare risk the charge of
+self-conceit by referring to my own parallel of Voltaire and Erasmus, of
+Luther and Rousseau in the seventh number of "The Friend "). Lastly, if
+proper care was taken that in every number of the _Review_ there should
+be a fair proportion of positively _amusing_ matter, such as a review of
+Paracelsus, Cardan, Old Fuller; a review of Jest Books, tracing the
+various metempsychosis of the same joke through all ages and countries;
+a History of Court Fools, for which a laborious German has furnished
+ample and highly interesting materials; foreign writers, though alive,
+not to be excluded, if only their works are of established character in
+their own country, and scarcely heard of, much less translated, in
+English literature. Jean Paul Richter would supply two or three
+delightful articles.
+
+Any works which should fall in your way respecting the Jews since the
+destruction of the Temple, I should of course be glad to look through.
+Above all, Mezeray's (no! that is not the name, I think) "History of the
+Jews," that I _must_ have.
+
+I shall be impatient for the rest of Mr. Frere's sheets. Most
+unfeignedly can I declare that I am unable to decide whether the
+_admiration_ which the _excellence_ inspires, or the wonder which the
+knowledge of the countless _difficulties_ so happily overcome, never
+ceases to excite in my mind during the re-perusal and collation of them
+with the original Greek, be the greater. I have not a moment's
+hesitation in fixing on Mr. Frere as the man of the correctest and most
+genial taste among all our contemporaries whom I have ever met with,
+personally or in their works. Should choice or chance lead you to sun
+and air yourself on Highgate Hill during any of your holiday excursions,
+my worthy friend and his amiable and accomplished wife will be happy to
+see you. We dine at four, and drink tea at six.
+
+Yours, dear Sir, respectfully, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Mr. Murray did not accept Mr. Coleridge's proposal to publish his works
+in a collected form or his articles for the _Quarterly_, as appears from
+the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+HIGHGATE, _March_ 26, 1817.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I cannot be offended by your opinion that my talents are not adequate to
+the requisites of matter and manner for the _Quarterly Review,_ nor
+should I consider it as a disgrace to fall short of Robert Southey in
+any department of literature. I owe, however, an honest gratification to
+the conversation between you and Mr. Gillman, for I read Southey's
+article, on which Mr. Gillman and I have, it appears, formed very
+different opinions. It is, in my judgment, a very masterly article.
+[Footnote: This must have been Southey's article on Parliamentary Reform
+in No. 31, which, though due in October 1816, was not, published until
+February 1817.] I would to heaven, my dear sir, that the opinions of
+Southey, Walter Scott, Lord Byron, Mr. Frere, and of men like these in
+learning and genius, concerning my comparative claims to be a man of
+letters, were to be received as the criterion, instead of the wretched,
+and in deed and in truth mystical jargon of the _Examiner_ and
+_Edinburgh Review_.
+
+Mr. Randall will be so good as to repay you the L50, and I understand
+from Mr. Gillman that you are willing to receive this as a settlement
+respecting the "Zapolya." The corrections and additions to the two first
+books of the "Christabel" may become of more value to you when the work
+is finished, as I trust it will be in the course of the spring, than
+they are at present. And let it not be forgotten, that while I had the
+utmost malignity of personal enmity to cry down the work, with the
+exception of Lord Byron, there was not one of the many who had so many
+years together spoken so warmly in its praise who gave it the least
+positive furtherance after its publication. It was openly asserted that
+the _Quarterly Review_ did not wish to attack it, but was ashamed to say
+a word in its favor. Thank God! these things pass from me like drops
+from a duck's back, except as far as they take the bread out of my
+mouth; and this I can avoid by consenting to publish only for the
+_present_ times whatever I may write. You will be so kind as to
+acknowledge the receipt of the L50 in such manner as to make all matters
+as clear between us as possible; for, though you, I am sure, could not
+have intended to injure my character, yet the misconceptions, and
+perhaps misrepresentations, of your words have had that tendency. By a
+letter from R. Southey I find that he will be in town on the 17th. The
+article in Tuesday's _Courier_ was by me, and two other articles on
+Apostacy and Renegadoism, which will appear this week.
+
+Believe me, with respect, your obliged,
+
+S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+The following letter completes Coleridge's correspondence with Murray on
+this subject:
+
+_Mr. Coleridge to John Murray_.
+
+[Highgate], _March_ 29, 1817.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+From not referring to the paper dictated by yourself, and signed by me
+in your presence, you have wronged yourself in the receipt you have been
+so good as to send me, and on which I have therefore written as
+follows--"A mistake; I am still indebted to Mr. Murray L20 _legally_
+(which I shall pay the moment it is in my power), and L30 from whatever
+sum I may receive from the 'Christabel' when it is finished. Should Mr.
+Murray decline its publication, I conceive myself bound _in honor_ to
+repay." I strive in vain to discover any single act or expression of my
+own, or for which I could be directly or indirectly responsible as a
+moral being, that would account for the change in your mode of thinking
+respecting me. But with every due acknowledgment of the kindness and
+courtesy that I received from you on my first coming to town,
+
+I remain, dear Sir, your obliged, S.T. COLERIDGE.
+
+Leigh Hunt was another of Murray's correspondents. When the _Quarterly_
+was started, Hunt, in his Autography, says that "he had been invited,
+nay pressed by the publisher, to write in the new Review, which
+surprised me, considering its politics and the great difference of my
+own." Hunt adds that he had no doubt that the invitation had been made
+at the instance of Gifford himself. Murray had a high opinion of Hunt as
+a critic, but not as a politician. Writing to Walter Scott in 1810 he
+said:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_,
+
+"Have you got or seen Hunt's critical essays, prefixed to a few novels
+that he edited. Lest you should not, I send them. Hunt is most vilely
+wrongheaded in politics, and has thereby been turned away from the path
+of elegant criticism, which might have led him to eminence and
+respectability."
+
+Hunt was then, with his brother, joint editor of the _Examiner_, and
+preferred writing for the newspaper to contributing articles to the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+On Leigh Hunt's release from Horsemonger Lane Gaol, where he had been
+imprisoned for his libel on the Prince Regent, he proceeded, on the
+strength of his reputation, to compose the "Story of Rimini," the
+publication of which gave the author a place among the poets of the day.
+He sent a portion of the manuscript to Mr. Murray before the poem was
+finished, saying that it would amount to about 1,400 lines. Hunt then
+proceeded (December 18, 1815) to mention the terms which he proposed to
+be paid for his work when finished. "Booksellers," he said, "tell me
+that I ought not to ask less than L450 (which is a sum I happen to want
+just now); and my friends, not in the trade, say I ought not to ask less
+than L500, with such a trifling acknowledgment upon the various editions
+after the second and third, as shall enable me to say that I am still
+profiting by it."
+
+Mr. Murray sent his reply to Hunt through their common friend, Lord
+Byron:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1815.
+
+"I wish your lordship to do me the favour to look at and to consider
+with your usual kindness the accompanying note to Mr. Leigh Hunt
+respecting his poem, for which he requests L450. This would presuppose a
+sale of, at least, 10,000 copies. Now, if I may trust to my own
+experience in these matters, I am by no means certain that the sale
+would do more than repay the expenses of paper and print. But the poem
+is peculiar, and may be more successful than I imagine, in which event
+the proposition which I have made to the author will secure to him all
+the advantages of such a result, I trust that you will see in this an
+anxious desire to serve Mr. Hunt, although as a mere matter of business
+I cannot avail myself of his offer. I would have preferred calling upon
+you today were I not confined by a temporary indisposition; but I think
+you will not be displeased at a determination founded upon the best
+judgment I can form of my own business. I am really uneasy at your
+feelings in this affair, but I think I may venture to assume that you
+know me sufficiently well to allow me to trust my decision entirely to
+your usual kindness."
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Leigh Hunt_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1815.
+
+"I have now read the MS. poem, which you confided to me, with particular
+attention, and find that it differs so much from any that I have
+published that I am fearful of venturing upon the extensive speculation
+to which your estimate would carry it. I therefore wish that you would
+propose its publication and purchase to such houses as Cadell, Longman,
+Baldwin, Mawman, etc., who are capable of becoming and likely to become
+purchasers, and then, should you not have found any arrangement to your
+mind, I would undertake to print an edition of 500 or 750 copies as a
+trial at my own risk, and give you one half of the profits. After this
+edition the copyright shall be entirely your own property. By this
+arrangement, in case the work turn out a prize, as it may do, I mean
+that you should have every advantage of its success, for its popularity
+once ascertained, I am sure you will find no difficulty in procuring
+purchasers, even if you should be suspicious of my liberality from this
+specimen of fearfulness in the first instance. I shall be most happy to
+assist you with any advice which my experience in these matters may
+render serviceable to you."
+
+Leigh Hunt at once accepted the offer.
+
+After the poem was printed and published, being pressed for money, he
+wished to sell the copyright. After a recitation of his pecuniary
+troubles, Hunt concluded a lengthy letter as follows:
+
+"What I wanted to ask you then is simply this--whether, in the first
+instance, you think well enough of the "Story of Rimini" to make you
+bargain with me for the copyright at once; or, in the second instance,
+whether, if you would rather wait a little, as I myself would do, I
+confess, if it were convenient, you have still enough hopes of the work,
+and enough reliance on myself personally, to advance me L450 on
+security, to be repaid in case you do not conclude the bargain, or
+merged in the payment of the poem in case you do."
+
+Mr. Murray's reply was not satisfactory, as will be observed from the
+following letter of Leigh Hunt:
+
+_Mr. Leigh Hunt to John Murray_,
+
+_April_ 12, 1816.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I just write to say something which I had omitted in my last, and to add
+a word or two on the subject of an expression in your answer to it. I
+mean the phrase "plan of assistance." I do not suppose that you had the
+slightest intention of mortifying me by that phrase; but I should wish
+to impress upon you, that I did not consider my application to you as
+coming in the shape of what is ordinarily termed an application for
+assistance. Circumstances have certainly compelled me latterly to make
+requests, and resort to expedients, which, however proper in themselves,
+I would not willingly have been acquainted with; but I have very good
+prospects before me, and you are mistaken (I beg you to read this in the
+best and most friendly tone you can present to yourself) if you have at
+all apprehended that I should be in the habit of applying to you for
+assistance, or for anything whatsoever, for which I did not conceive the
+work in question to be more than a security.
+
+I can only say, with regard to yourself, that I am quite contented and
+ought to be so, as long as you are sincere with me, and treat me in the
+same gentlemanly tone.
+
+Very sincerely yours,
+
+LEIGH HUNT.
+
+This negotiation was ultimately brought to a conclusion by Mr. Hunt, at
+Mr. Murray's suggestion, disposing of the copyright of "Rimini" to
+another publisher.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII
+
+THOMAS CAMPBELL--JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE--J.W. CROKER-JAMES HOGG, ETC.
+
+
+Thomas Campbell appeared like a meteor as early as 1799, when, in his
+twenty-second year, he published his "Pleasures of Hope." The world was
+taken by surprise at the vigour of thought and richness of fancy
+displayed in the poem. Shortly after its publication, Campbell went to
+Germany, and saw, from the Benedictine monastery of Scottish monks at
+Ratisbon, a battle which was not, as has often been said, the Battle of
+Hohenlinden. What he saw, however, made a deep impression on his mind,
+and on his return to Scotland he published the beautiful lines
+beginning, "On Linden when the sun was low." In 1801 he composed "The
+Exile of Erin" and "Ye Mariners of England." The "Battle of the Baltic"
+and "Lochiel's Warning" followed; and in 1803 he published an edition of
+his poems. To have composed such noble lyrics was almost unprecedented
+in so young a man; for he was only twenty-six years of age when his
+collected edition appeared. He was treated as a lion, and became
+acquainted with Walter Scott and the leading men in Edinburgh. In
+December 1805 we find Constable writing to Murray, that Longman & Co.
+had offered the young poet L700 for a new volume of his poems.
+
+One of the earliest results of the association of Campbell with Murray
+was a proposal to start a new magazine, which Murray had long
+contemplated. This, it will be observed, was some years before the
+communications took place between Walter Scott and Murray with respect
+to the starting of the _Quarterly_.
+
+The projected magazine, however, dropped out of sight, and Campbell
+reverted to his proposed "Lives of the British Poets, with Selections
+from their Writings." Toward the close of the year he addressed the
+following letter to Mr. Scott:
+
+_Mr. T. Campbell to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_November 5_, 1806.
+
+My Dear Scott,
+
+A very excellent and gentlemanlike man--albeit a bookseller--Murray, of
+Fleet Street, is willing to give for our joint "Lives of the Poets," on
+the plan we proposed to the trade a twelvemonth ago, a thousand pounds.
+For my part, I think the engagement very desirable, and have no
+uneasiness on the subject, except my fear that you may be too much
+engaged to have to do with it, as five hundred pounds may not be to you
+the temptation that it appears to a poor devil like myself. Murray is
+the only gentleman, except Constable, in the trade;--I may also,
+perhaps, except Hood. I have seldom seen a pleasanter man to deal with.
+.... Our names are what Murray principally wants--_yours_ in
+particular.... I will not wish, even in confidence, to say anything ill
+of the London booksellers _beyond their deserts_; but I assure you that,
+to compare this offer of Murray's with their usual offers, it is
+magnanimous indeed.... The fallen prices of literature-which is getting
+worse by the horrible complexion of the times-make me often rather
+gloomy at the life I am likely to lead.
+
+Scott entered into Campbell's agreement with kindness and promptitude,
+and it was arranged, under certain stipulations, that the plan should
+have his zealous cooperation; but as the number and importance of his
+literary engagements increased, he declined to take an active part
+either in the magazine or the other undertaking. "I saw Campbell two
+days ago," writes Murray to Constable, "and he told me that Mr. Scott
+had declined, and modestly asked if it would do by _himself_ alone; but
+this I declined in a way that did not leave us the less friends."
+
+At length, after many communications and much personal intercourse,
+Murray agreed with Campbell to bring out his work, without the
+commanding name of Walter Scott, and with the name of Thomas Campbell
+alone as Editor of the "Selections from the British Poets." The
+arrangement seems to have been made towards the end of 1808. In January
+1809 Campbell writes of his intention "to devote a year exclusively to
+the work," but the labour it involved was perhaps greater than he had
+anticipated. It was his first important prose work; and prose requires
+continuous labour. It cannot, like a piece of poetry, be thrown off at a
+heat while the fit is on. Campbell stopped occasionally in the midst of
+his work to write poems, among others, his "Gertrude of Wyoming," which
+confirmed his poetical reputation. Murray sent a copy of the volume to
+Walter Scott, and requested a review for the _Quarterly_, which was then
+in its first year. What Campbell thought of the review will appear from
+the following letter:
+
+_Mr. T. Campbell to John Murray_.
+
+_June 2_, 1809.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+I received the review, for which I thank you, and beg leave through you
+to express my best acknowledgments to the unknown reviewer. I do not by
+this mean to say that I think every one of his censures just. On the
+contrary, if I had an opportunity of personal conference with so candid
+and sensible a man, I think I could in some degree acquit myself of a
+part of the faults he has found. But altogether I am pleased with his
+manner, and very proud of his approbation. He reviews like a gentleman,
+a Christian, and a scholar.
+
+Although the "Lives of the Poets" had been promised within a year from
+January 1809, four years passed, and the work was still far from
+completion.
+
+In the meantime Campbell undertook to give a course of eleven Lectures
+on Poetry at the Royal Institution, for which he received a hundred
+guineas. He enriched his Lectures with the Remarks and Selections
+collected for the "Specimens," for which the publisher had agreed to pay
+a handsome sum. The result was a momentary hesitation on the part of Mr.
+Murray to risk the publication of the work. On this, says Campbell's
+biographer, a correspondence ensued between the poet and the publisher,
+which ended to the satisfaction of both. Mr. Murray only requested that
+Mr. Campbell should proceed with greater alacrity in finishing the long
+projected work.
+
+At length, about the beginning of 1819, fourteen years after the project
+had been mentioned to Walter Scott, and about ten years after the book
+should have appeared, according to Campbell's original promise, the
+"Essays and Selections of English Poetry" were published by Mr. Murray.
+The work was well received. The poet was duly paid for it, and Dr.
+Beattie, Campbell's biographer, says he "found himself in the novel
+position of a man who has money to lay out at interest." This statement
+must be received with considerable deduction, for, as the correspondence
+shows, Campbell's pecuniary difficulties were by no means at an end.
+
+It appears that besides the L1,000, which was double the sum originally
+proposed to be paid to Campbell for the "Selections," Mr. Murray, in
+October 1819, paid him L200 "for books," doubtless for those he had
+purchased for the "Collections," and which he desired to retain.
+
+We cannot conclude this account of Campbell's dealing with Murray
+without referring to an often-quoted story which has for many years
+sailed under false colours. It was Thomas Campbell who wrote "Now
+Barabbas was a publisher," whether in a Bible or otherwise is not
+authentically recorded, and forwarded it to a friend; but Mr. Murray was
+not the publisher to whom it referred, nor was Lord Byron, as has been
+so frequently stated, the author of the joke.
+
+The great burden of the correspondence entailed by the _Quarterly
+Review_ now fell on Mr. Murray, for Gifford had become physically
+incapable of bearing it. Like the creaking gate that hangs long on its
+hinges, Gifford continued to live, though painfully. He became gradually
+better, and in October 1816 Mr. Murray presented him with a chariot, by
+means of which he might drive about and take exercise in the open air.
+Gifford answered:
+
+"I have a thousand thanks to give you for the pains you have taken about
+the carriage, without which I should only have talked about it, and died
+of a cold. It came home yesterday, and I went to Fulham in it. It is
+everything that I could wish, neat, easy, and exceedingly comfortable."
+
+Among the other works published by Mr. Murray in 1816 may be mentioned,
+"The Last Reign of Napoleon," by Mr. John Cam Hobhouse, afterwards Lord
+Broughton. Of this work the author wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_January_, 1816.
+
+"I must have the liberty of cancelling what sheets I please, for a
+reason that I now tell you in the strictest confidence: the letters are
+to go to Paris previously to publication, and are to be read carefully
+through by a most intimate friend of mine, who was entirely in the
+secrets of the late Imperial Ministry, and who will point out any
+statements as to facts, in which he could from his _knowledge_ make any
+necessary change."
+
+The first edition, published without the author's name, was rapidly
+exhausted, and Hobhouse offered a second to Murray, proposing at the
+same time to insert his name as author on the title-page.
+
+"If I do," he said, "I shall present the book to Lord Byron in due form,
+not for his talents as a poet, but for his qualities as a companion and
+a friend. I should not write 'My dear Byron,' _a la Hunt_." [Footnote:
+Leigh Hunt had dedicated his "Rimini" to the noble poet, addressing him
+as "My dear Byron."]
+
+Mr. D'Israeli also was busy with his "Inquiry into the Literary and
+Political Character of James the First." He wrote to his publisher as
+follows: "I am sorry to say every one, to whom I have mentioned the
+subject, revolts from it as a thing quite untenable, and cares nothing
+about 'James.' This does not stop me from finishing."
+
+Mr. Croker, in the midst of his work at the Admiralty, his articles for
+the _Quarterly_, and his other literary labours, found time to write his
+"Stories for Children from the History of England." In sending the later
+stories Mr. Croker wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_The Rt. Hon. J.W. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+"I send you seven stories, which, with eleven you had before, brings us
+down to Richard III., and as I do not intend to come down beyond the
+Revolution, there remain nine stories still. I think you told me that
+you gave the first stories to your little boy to read. Perhaps you or
+Mrs. Murray would be so kind as to make a mark over against such words
+as he may not have understood, and to favour me with any criticism the
+child may have made, for on this occasion I should prefer a critic of 6
+years old to one of 60."
+
+Thus John Murray's son, John Murray the Third, was early initiated into
+the career of reading for the press. When the book came out it achieved
+a great success, and set the model for Walter Scott in his charming
+"Tales of a Grandfather."
+
+It may be mentioned that "Croker's Stories for Children" were published
+on the system of division of profits. Long after, when Mr. Murray was in
+correspondence with an author who wished him to pay a sum of money down
+before he had even seen the manuscript, the publisher recommended the
+author to publish his book on a division of profits, in like manner as
+Hallam, Milman, Mahon, Croker, and others had done. "Under this system,"
+he said, "I have been very successful. For Mr. Croker's 'Stories from
+the History of England,' selling for 2_s_. _6d_., if I had offered the
+small sum of twenty guineas, he would have thought it liberal. However,
+I printed it to divide profits, and he has already received from me the
+moiety of L1,400. You will perhaps be startled at my assertion; for
+woeful experience convinces me that not more than one publication in
+fifty has a sale sufficient to defray its expenses."
+
+The success of Scott's, and still more of Byron's Poems, called into
+existence about this time a vast array of would-be poets, male and
+female, and from all ranks and professions. Some wrote for fame, some
+for money; but all were agreed on one point--namely, that if Mr. Murray
+would undertake the publication of the poems, the authors' fame was
+secured.
+
+When in doubt about any manuscript, he usually conferred with Croker,
+Campbell, or Gifford, who always displayed the utmost kindness in
+helping him with their opinions. Croker was usually short and pithy. Of
+one poem he said: "Trash--the dullest stuff I ever read." This was
+enough to ensure the condemnation of the manuscript. Campbell was more
+guarded, as when reporting on a poem entitled "Woman," he wrote, "In my
+opinion, though there are many excellent lines in it, the poem is not
+such as will warrant a great sum being speculated upon it. But, as it is
+short, I think the public, not the author or publisher, will be in fault
+if it does not sell one edition."
+
+Of a poem sent for his opinion, Gifford wrote:
+
+"Honestly, the MS. is totally unfit for the press. Do not deceive
+yourself: this MS. is not the production of a male. A man may write as
+great nonsense as a woman, and even greater; but a girl may pass through
+those execrable abodes of ignorance, called boarding schools, without
+learning whether the sun sets in the East or in the West, whereas a boy
+can hardly do this, even at Parson's Green."
+
+James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was another of Murray's
+correspondents.
+
+The publication of "The Queen's Wake" in 1813 immediately brought Hogg
+into connection with the leading authors and publishers of the day, Hogg
+sent a copy of the volume to Lord Byron, his "brother poet," whose
+influence he desired to enlist on behalf of a work which Hogg wished
+Murray to publish.
+
+The poem which the Ettrick Shepherd referred to was "The Pilgrims of the
+Sun," and the result of Lord Byron's conversation with Mr. Murray was,
+that the latter undertook to publish Hogg's works. The first letter from
+him to Murray, December 26, 1814, begins:
+
+"What the deuce have you made of my excellent poem that you are never
+publishing it, while I am starving for want of money, and cannot even
+afford a Christmas goose to my friends?"
+
+To this and many similar enquiries Mr. Murray replied on April 10, 1815:
+
+My Dear Friend,
+
+I entreat you not to ascribe to inattention the delay which has occurred
+in my answer to your kind and interesting letter. Much more, I beg you
+not for a moment to entertain a doubt about the interest which I take in
+your writings, or the exertions which I shall ever make to promote their
+sale and popularity.... They are selling every day.
+
+I have forgotten to tell you that Gifford tells me that he would
+receive, with every disposition to favour it, any critique which you
+like to send of new Scottish works. If I had been aware of it in time I
+certainly would have invited your remarks on "Mannering." Our article is
+not good and our praise is by no means adequate, I allow, but I suspect
+you very greatly overrate the novel. "Meg Merrilies" is worthy of
+Shakespeare, but all the rest of the novel might have been written by
+Scott's brother or any other body.
+
+The next letter from the Shepherd thanks Murray for some "timeous" aid,
+and asks a novel favour.
+
+_May_ 7, 1815.
+
+I leave Edinburgh on Thursday for my little farm on Yarrow. I will have
+a confused summer, for I have as yet no home that I can dwell in; but I
+hope by-and-by to have some fine fun there with you, fishing in Saint
+Mary's Loch and the Yarrow, eating bull-trout, singing songs, and
+drinking whisky. This little possession is what I stood much in need
+of--a habitation among my native hills was what of all the world I
+desired; and if I had a little more money at command, I would just be as
+happy a man as I know of; but that is an article of which I am ever in
+want. I wish you or Mrs. Murray would speer me out a good wife with a
+few thousands. I dare say there is many a romantic girl about London who
+would think it a fine ploy to become a Yarrow Shepherdess! Believe me,
+dear Murray,
+
+Very sincerely yours, JAMES HOGG.
+
+Here, for the present, we come to an end of the Shepherd's letters; but
+we shall find him turning up again, and Mr. Murray still continuing his
+devoted friend and adviser.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--continued_
+
+
+On January 2, 1815, Lord Byron was married to Miss Milbanke, and during
+the honeymoon, while he was residing at Seaham, the residence of his
+father-in-law Sir Ralph Milbanke, he wrote to Murray desiring him to
+make occasional enquiry at his chambers in the Albany to see if they
+were kept in proper order.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_February_ 17, 1815.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I have paid frequent attention to your wish that I should ascertain if
+all things appeared to be safe in your chambers, and I am happy in being
+able to report that the whole establishment carries an appearance of
+security, which is confirmed by the unceasing vigilance of your faithful
+and frigid Duenna [Mrs. Mule].
+
+Every day I have been in expectation of receiving a copy of "Guy
+Mannering," of which the reports of a friend of mine, who has read the
+first two volumes, is such as to create the most extravagant
+expectations of an extraordinary combination of wit, humour and pathos.
+I am certain of one of the first copies, and this you may rely upon
+receiving with the utmost expedition.
+
+I hear many interesting letters read to me from the Continent, and one
+in particular from Mr. Fazakerly, describing his interview of four hours
+with Bonaparte, was particularly good. He acknowledged at once to the
+poisoning of the sick prisoners in Egypt; they had the plague, and would
+have communicated it to the rest of his army if he had carried them on
+with him, and he had only to determine if he should leave them to a
+cruel death by the Turks, or to an easy one by poison. When asked his
+motive for becoming a Mahomedan, he replied that there were great
+political reasons for this, and gave several; but he added, the Turks
+would not admit me at first unless I submitted to two indispensable
+ceremonies.... They agreed at length to remit the first and to commute
+the other for a solemn vow, for every offence to give expiation by the
+performance of some good action. "Oh, gentlemen," says he, "for good
+actions, you know you may command me," and his first good action was to
+put to instant death an hundred of their priests, whom he suspected of
+intrigues against him. Not aware of his summary justice, they sent a
+deputation to beg the lives of these people on the score of his
+engagement. He answered that nothing would have made him so happy as
+this opportunity of showing his zeal for their religion; but that they
+had arrived too late; their friends had been dead nearly an hour.
+
+He asked Lord Ebrington of which party he was, in Politics. "The
+Opposition." "The Opposition? Then can your Lordship tell me the reason
+why the Opposition are so unpopular in England?" With something like
+presence of mind on so delicate a question, Lord Ebrington instantly
+replied: "Because, sir, we always insisted upon it, that you would be
+successful in Spain."
+
+During the spring and summer of 1815 Byron was a frequent visitor at
+Albemarle Street, and in April, as has been already recorded, he first
+met Walter Scott in Murray's drawing-room.
+
+In March, Lord and Lady Byron took up their residence at 13, Piccadilly
+Terrace. The following letter is undated, but was probably written in
+the autumn of 1815.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I picked up, the other day, some of Napoleon's own writing paper, all
+the remainder of which has been burnt; it has his portrait and eagle, as
+you will perceive by holding a sheet to the light either of sun or
+candle: so I thought I would take a little for you, hoping that you will
+just write me a poem upon any twenty-four quires of it in return.
+
+By the autumn of 1815 Lord Byron found himself involved in pecuniary
+embarrassments, which had, indeed, existed before his marriage, but were
+now considerably increased and demanded immediate settlement. His first
+thought was to part with his books, though they did not form a very
+valuable collection. He mentioned the matter to a book collector, who
+conferred with other dealers on the subject. The circumstances coming to
+the ears of Mr. Murray, he at once communicated with Lord Byron, and
+forwarded him a cheque for L1,500, with the assurance that an equal sum
+should be at his service in the course of a few weeks, offering, at the
+same time, to dispose of all the copyrights of his poems for his
+Lordship's use.
+
+Lord Byron could not fail to be affected by this generous offer, and
+whilst returning the cheque, he wrote:
+
+_November_ 14, 1815.
+
+"Your present offer is a favour which I would accept from you, if I
+accepted such from any man ... The circumstances which induce me to part
+with my books, though sufficiently, are not _immediately_, pressing. I
+have made up my mind to this, and there's an end. Had I been disposed to
+trespass upon your kindness in this way, it would have been before now;
+but I am not sorry to have an opportunity of declining it, as it sets my
+opinion of you, and indeed of human nature, in a different light from
+that in which I have been accustomed to consider it."
+
+Meanwhile Lord Byron had completed his "Siege of Corinth" and
+"Parisina," and sent the packet containing them to Mr. Murray. They had
+been copied in the legible hand of Lady Byron. On receiving the poems
+Mr. Murray wrote to Lord Byron as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_December_, 1815.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I tore open the packet you sent me, and have found in it a Pearl. It is
+very interesting, pathetic, beautiful--do you know, I would almost say
+moral. I am really writing to you before the billows of the passions you
+excited have subsided. I have been most agreeably disappointed (a word I
+cannot associate with the poem) at the story, which--what you hinted to
+me and wrote--had alarmed me; and I should not have read it aloud to my
+wife if my eye had not traced the delicate hand that transcribed it.
+
+Mr. Murray enclosed to Lord Byron two notes, amounting to a thousand
+guineas, for the copyright of the poems, but Lord Byron refused the
+notes, declaring that the sum was too great.
+
+"Your offer," he answered (January 3, 1816), "is _liberal_ in the
+extreme, and much more than the poems can possibly be worth; but I
+cannot accept it, and will not. You are most welcome to them as
+additions to the collected volumes, without any demand or expectation on
+my part whatever.... I am very glad that the handwriting was a
+favourable omen of the _morale_ of the piece; but you must not trust to
+that, as my copyist would write out anything I desired in all the
+ignorance of innocence--I hope, however, in this instance, with no great
+peril to either."
+
+The money, therefore, which Murray thought the copyright of the "Siege
+of Corinth" and "Parisina" was worth, remained untouched in the
+publisher's hands. It was afterwards suggested, by Mr. Rogers and Sir
+James Mackintosh, to Lord Byron, that a portion of it (L600) might be
+applied to the relief of Mr. Godwin, the author of "An Enquiry into
+Political Justice," who was then in difficulties; and Lord Byron himself
+proposed that the remainder should be divided between Mr. Maturin and
+Mr. Coleridge. This proposal caused the deepest vexation to Mr. Murray,
+who made the following remonstrance against such a proceeding.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _Monday_, 4 o'clock.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I did not like to detain you this morning, but I confess to you that I
+came away impressed with a belief that you had already reconsidered this
+matter, as it refers to me--Your Lordship will pardon me if I cannot
+avoid looking upon it as a species of cruelty, after what has passed, to
+take from me so large a sum--offered with no reference to the marketable
+value of the poems, but out of personal friendship and gratitude
+alone,--to cast it away on the wanton and ungenerous interference of
+those who cannot enter into your Lordship's feelings for me, upon,
+persons who have so little claim upon you, and whom those who so
+interested themselves might more decently and honestly enrich from their
+own funds, than by endeavouring to be liberal at the cost of another,
+and by forcibly resuming from me a sum which you had generously and
+nobly resigned.
+
+I am sure you will do me the justice to believe that I would strain
+every nerve in your service, but it is actually heartbreaking to throw
+away my earnings on others. I am no rich man, abounding, like Mr.
+Rogers, in superfluous thousands, but working hard for independence, and
+what would be the most grateful pleasure to me if likely to be useful to
+you personally, becomes merely painful if it causes me to work for
+others for whom I can have no such feelings.
+
+This is a most painful subject for me to address you upon, and I am ill
+able to express my feelings about it. I commit them entirely to your
+liberal construction with a reference to your knowledge of my character.
+
+I have the honour to be, etc.,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+This letter was submitted to Gifford before it was despatched, and he
+wrote:
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+"I have made a scratch or two, and the letter now expresses my genuine
+sentiments on the matter. But should you not see Rogers? It is evident
+that Lord Byron is a little awkward about this matter, and his officious
+friends have got him into a most _unlordly_ scrape, from which they can
+only relieve him by treading back their steps. The more I consider their
+conduct, the more I am astonished at their impudence. A downright
+robbery is honourable to it. If you see Rogers, do not be shy to speak:
+he trembles at report, and here is an evil one for him."
+
+In the end Lord Byron was compelled by the increasing pressure of his
+debts to accept the sum offered by Murray and use it for his own
+purposes.
+
+It is not necessary here to touch upon the circumstances of Lord Byron's
+separation from his wife; suffice it to say that early in 1816 he
+determined to leave England, and resolved, as he had before contemplated
+doing, to sell off his books and furniture. He committed the
+arrangements to Mr. Murray, through Mr. Hanson, his solicitor, in
+Bloomsbury Square. A few months before, when Lord Byron was in straits
+for money, Mr. Hanson communicated with Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. Hanson to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 23, 1815.
+
+"Mr. Hanson's compliments to Mr. Murray. He has seen Lord Byron, and his
+Lordship has no objection to his Library being taken at a valuation. Mr.
+Hanson submits to Mr. Murray whether it would not be best to name one
+respectable bookseller to set a value on them. In the meantime, Mr.
+Hanson has written to Messrs. Crook & Armstrong, in whose hands the
+books now are, not to proceed further in the sale."
+
+On December 28, 1815, Mr. Murray received the following valuation:
+
+"Mr. Cochrane presents respectful compliments to Mr. Murray, and begs to
+inform him that upon carefully inspecting the books in Skinner Street,
+he judges the fair value of them to be L450."
+
+Mr. Murray sent Lord Byron a bill of L500 for the books as a temporary
+accommodation. But the books were traced and attached by the sheriff. On
+March 6, 1816, Lord Byron wrote to Murray:
+
+"I send to you to-day for this reason: the books you purchased are again
+seized, and, as matters stand, had much better be sold at once by public
+auction. I wish to see you to-morrow to return your bill for them,
+which, thank Heaven, is neither due nor paid. _That_ part, so far as
+_you_ are concerned, being settled (which it can be, and shall be, when
+I see you tomorrow), I have no further delicacy about the matter. This
+is about the tenth execution in as many months; so I am pretty well
+hardened; but it is fit I should pay the forfeit of my forefathers'
+extravagance as well as my own; and whatever my faults may be, I suppose
+they will be pretty well expiated in time--or eternity."
+
+A letter was next received by Mr. Murray's solicitor, Mr. Turner, from
+Mr. Gunn, to the following effect:
+
+_Mr. Gunn to Mr. Turner_.
+
+_March_ 16, 1816.
+
+Sir,
+
+Mr. Constable, the plaintiff's attorney, has written to say he will
+indemnify the sheriff to sell the books under the execution; as such, we
+must decline taking your indemnity.
+
+The result was, that Lord Byron, on March 22, paid to Crook & Armstrong
+L231 15_s_., "being the amount of three levies, poundage, and expenses,"
+and also L25 13_s_. 6_d_., the amount of Crook & Armstrong's account.
+Crook & Armstrong settled with Levy, the Jew, who had lent Byron money;
+and also with the officer, who had been in possession twenty-three days,
+at 5_s_. a day. The books were afterwards sold by Mr. Evans at his
+house, 26, Pall Mall, on April 5, 1816, and the following day. The
+catalogue describes them as "A collection of books, late the property of
+a nobleman, about to leave England on a tour."
+
+Mr. Murray was present at the sale, and bought a selection of books for
+Mrs. Leigh, for Mr. Rogers, and for Mr. J.C. Hobhouse, as well as for
+himself. He bought the large screen, with the portraits of actors and
+pugilists, which is still at Albemarle Street. There was also a silver
+cup and cover, nearly thirty ounces in weight, elegantly chased. These
+articles realised L723 12_s_. 6_d_., and after charging the costs,
+commission, and Excise duty, against the sale of the books, the balance
+was handed over to Lord Byron.
+
+The "Sketch from Private Life" was one of the most bitter and satirical
+things Byron had ever written. In sending it to Mr. Murray (March 30,
+1816), he wrote: "I send you my last night's dream, and request to have
+fifty copies struck off for private distribution. I wish Mr. Gifford to
+look at it; it is from life." Afterwards, when Lord Byron called upon
+Mr. Murray, he said: "I could not get to sleep last night, but lay
+rolling and tossing about until this morning, when I got up and wrote
+that; and it is very odd, Murray, after doing that, I went to bed again,
+and never slept sounder in my life."
+
+The lines were printed and sent to Lord Byron. But before publishing
+them, Mr. Murray took advice of his special literary adviser and
+solicitor, Mr. Sharon Turner. His reply was as follows:
+
+_Mr. Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 3, 1816.
+
+There are some expressions in the Poem that I think are libellous, and
+the severe tenor of the whole would induce a jury to find them to be so.
+The question only remains, to whom it is applicable. It certainly does
+not itself name the person. But the legal pleadings charge that innuendo
+must mean such a person. How far evidence extrinsic to the work might be
+brought or received to show that the author meant a particular person, I
+will not pretend to affirm. Some cases have gone so far on this point
+that I should not think it safe to risk. And if a libel, it is a libel
+not only by the author, but by the printer, the publisher, and every
+circulator.
+
+I am, dear Murray, yours most faithfully,
+
+SHN. TURNER.
+
+Mr. Murray did not publish the poems, but after their appearance in the
+newspapers, they were announced by many booksellers as "Poems by Lord
+Byron on his Domestic Circumstances." Among others, Constable printed
+and published them, whereupon Blackwood, as Murray's agent in Edinburgh,
+wrote to him, requesting the suppression of the verses, and threatening
+proceedings. Constable, in reply, said he had no wish to invade literary
+property, but the verses had come to him without either author's name,
+publisher's name, or printer's name, and that there was no literary
+property in publications to which neither author's, publisher's, nor
+printer's name was attached. Blackwood could proceed no farther. In his
+letter to Murray (April 17, 1816), he wrote:
+
+"I have distributed copies of 'Fare Thee Well' and 'A Sketch' to Dr.
+Thomas Brown, Walter Scott, and Professor Playfair. One cannot read
+'Fare Thee Well' without crying. The other is 'vigorous hate,' as you
+say. Its power is really terrible; one's blood absolutely creeps while
+reading it."
+
+Byron left England in April 1816, and during his travels he corresponded
+frequently with Mr. Murray.
+
+The MSS. of the third canto of "Childe Harold" and "The Prisoner of
+Chillon" duly reached the publisher. Mr. Murray acknowledged the MSS.:
+
+_Mr. Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 12, 1816.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I have rarely addressed you with more pleasure than upon the present
+occasion. I was thrilled with delight yesterday by the announcement of
+Mr. Shelley with the MS. of "Childe Harold." I had no sooner got the
+quiet possession of it than, trembling with auspicious hope about it, I
+carried it direct to Mr. Gifford. He has been exceedingly ill with
+jaundice, and unable to write or do anything. He was much pleased by my
+attention. I called upon him today. He said he was unable to leave off
+last night, and that he had sat up until he had finished every line of
+the canto. It had actually agitated him into a fever, and he was much
+worse when I called. He had persisted this morning in finishing the
+volume, and he pronounced himself infinitely more delighted than when he
+first wrote to me. He says that what you have heretofore published is
+nothing to this effort. He says also, besides its being the most
+original and interesting, it is the most finished of your writings; and
+he has undertaken to correct the press for you.
+
+Never, since my intimacy with Mr. Gifford, did I see him so heartily
+pleased, or give one-fiftieth part of the praise, with one-thousandth
+part of the warmth. He speaks in ecstasy of the Dream--the whole volume
+beams with genius. I am sure he loves you in his heart; and when he
+called upon me some time ago, and I told him that you were gone, he
+instantly exclaimed in a full room, "Well! he has not left his equal
+behind him--that I will say!" Perhaps you will enclose a line for
+him....
+
+Respecting the "Monody," I extract from a letter which I received this
+morning from Sir James Mackintosh: "I presume that I have to thank you
+for a copy of the 'Monody' on Sheridan received this morning. I wish it
+had been accompanied by the additional favour of mentioning the name of
+the writer, at which I only guess: it is difficult to read the poem
+without desiring to know."
+
+Generally speaking it is not, I think, popular, and spoken of rather for
+fine passages than as a whole. How could you give so trite an image as
+in the last two lines? Gifford does not like it; Frere does. _A-propos_
+of Mr. Frere: he came to me while at breakfast this morning, and between
+some stanzas which he was repeating to me of a truly original poem of
+his own, he said carelessly,
+
+"By the way, about _half-an-hour ago_ I was so silly (taking an immense
+pinch of snuff and priming his nostrils with it) as to get _married I_
+"Perfectly true. He set out for Hastings about an hour after he left me,
+and upon my conscience I verily believe that, if I had had your MS. to
+have put into his hands, as sure as fate he would have sat with me
+reading it [Footnote: He had left his wife at the church so as to bring
+his poem to Murray.] all the morning and totally forgotten his little
+engagement.
+
+I saw Lord Holland today looking very well. I wish I could send you
+Gifford's "Ben Jonson"; it is full of fun and interest, and allowed on
+all hands to be most ably done; would, I am sure, amuse you. I have very
+many new important and interesting works of all kinds in the press,
+which I should be happy to know any means of sending. My Review is
+improving in sale beyond my most sanguine expectations. I now sell
+nearly 9,000. Even Perry says the _Edinburgh, Review_ is going to the
+devil. I was with Mrs. Leigh today, who is very well; she leaves town on
+Saturday. Her eldest daughter, I fancy, is a most engaging girl; but
+yours, my Lord, is unspeakably interesting and promising, and I am happy
+to add that Lady B. is looking well. God bless you! my best wishes and
+feelings are always with you, and I sincerely wish that your happiness
+may be as unbounded as your genius, which has rendered me so much,
+
+My Lord, your obliged Servant,
+
+J.M.
+
+The negotiations for the purchase of the third canto were left in the
+hands of Mr. Kinnaird, who demurred to Mr. Murray's first offer of 1,500
+guineas, and eventually L2,000 was fixed as the purchase price.
+
+Mr. Murray wrote to Lord Byron on December 13, 1816, informing him that,
+at a dinner at the Albion Tavern, he had sold to the assembled
+booksellers 7,000 of his third canto of "Childe Harold" and 7,000 of his
+"Prisoner of Chillon." He then proceeds:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+"In literary affairs I have taken the field in great force--opening with
+the Third Canto and "Chillon," and, following up my blow, I have since
+published 'Tales of my Landlord,' another novel, I believe (but I really
+don't know) by the author of 'Waverley'; but much superior to what has
+already appeared, excepting the character of Meg Merrilies. Every one is
+in ecstasy about it, and I would give a finger if I could send it you,
+but this I will contrive. Conversations with your friend Buonaparte at
+St. Helena, amusing, but scarce worth sending. Lord Holland has just put
+forth a very improved edition of the Life of Lope de Vega and Inez de
+Castro.' Gifford's 'Ben Jonson' has put to death all former editions,
+and is very much liked."
+
+At Mr. Murray's earnest request, Scott had consented to review the third
+canto of "Childe Harold" in the _Quarterly_. In forwarding the MS. he
+wrote as follows:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _January_ 10, 1817.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I have this day sent under Croker's cover a review of Lord Byron's last
+poems. You know how high I hold his poetical reputation, but besides,
+one is naturally forced upon so many points of delicate consideration,
+that really I have begun and left off several times, and after all send
+the article to you with full power to cancel it if you think any part of
+it has the least chance of hurting his feelings. You know him better
+than I do, and you also know the public, and are aware that to make any
+successful impression on them the critic must appear to speak with
+perfect freedom. I trust I have not abused this discretion. I am sure I
+have not meant to do so, and yet during Lord Byron's absence, and under
+the present circumstances, I should feel more grieved than at anything
+that ever befell me if there should have slipped from my pen anything
+capable of giving him pain.
+
+There are some things in the critique which are necessarily and
+unavoidably personal, and sure I am if he attends to it, which is
+unlikely, he will find advantage from doing so. I wish Mr. Gifford and
+you would consider every word carefully. If you think the general tenor
+is likely to make any impression on him, if you think it likely to hurt
+him either in his feelings or with the public, in God's name fling the
+sheets in the fire and let them be as _not written_. But if it appears,
+I should wish him to get an early copy, and that you would at the same
+time say I am the author, at your opportunity. No one can honour Lord
+Byron a genius more than I do, and no one had so great a wish to love
+him personally, though personally we had not the means of becoming very
+intimate. In his family distress (deeply to be deprecated, and in which
+probably he can yet be excused) I still looked to some moment of
+reflection when bad advisers (and, except you were one, I have heard of
+few whom I should call good) were distant from the side of one who is so
+much the child of feeling and emotion. An opportunity was once afforded
+me of interfering, but things appeared to me to have gone too far; yet,
+even after all, I wish I had tried it, for Lord Byron always seemed to
+give me credit for wishing him sincerely well, and knew me to be
+superior to what Commodore Trunnion would call "the trash of literary
+envy and petty rivalry."
+
+Lord Byron's opinion of the article forms so necessary a complement to
+Walter Scott's sympathetic criticism of the man and the poet, that we
+make no excuse for reproducing it, as conveyed in a letter to Mr. Murray
+(March 3, 1817).
+
+"In acknowledging the arrival of the article from the _Quarterly_, which
+I received two days ago, I cannot express myself better than in the
+words of my sister Augusta, who (speaking of it) says, that it is
+written in a spirit 'of the most feeling and kind nature.'
+
+"It is, however, something more. It seems to me (as far as the subject
+of it may be permitted to judge) to be very well written as a
+composition, and I think will do the journal no discredit, because even
+those who condemn its partiality, must praise its generosity. The
+temptations to take another and a less favourable view of the question
+have been so great and numerous, that, what with public opinion,
+politics, etc., he must be a gallant as well as a good man who has
+ventured in that place, and at this time, to write such an article, even
+anonymously. Such things, however, are their own reward; and I even
+flatter myself that the writer, whoever he may be (and I have no guess),
+will not regret that the perusal of this has given me as much
+gratification as any composition of that nature could give, and more
+than any has given--and I have had a good many in my time of one kind or
+the other. It is not the mere praise, but there is a _tact_ and a
+_delicacy_ throughout, not only with regard to me but to _others_,
+which, as it had not been observed _elsewhere_, I had till now doubted
+whether it could be observed _anywhere_."
+
+"When I tell you," Lord Byron wrote to Moore a week later, "that Walter
+Scott is the author of the article in the _Quarterly_, you will agree
+with me that such an article is still more honourable to him than to
+myself."
+
+We conclude this episode with the following passage from a letter from
+Scott to Murray:
+
+"I am truly happy Lord Byron's article meets your ideas of what may make
+some impression on his mind. In genius, poetry has seldom had his equal,
+and if he has acted very wrong in some respects, he has been no worse
+than half the men of his rank in London who have done the same, and are
+not spoken of because not worth being railed against."
+
+Lady Byron also wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+I am inclined to ask a question, which I hope you will not decline
+answering, if not contrary to your engagements. Who is the author of the
+review of "Childe Harold" in the _Quarterly_? Your faithful Servant, A.
+I. BYRON.
+
+Among other ladies who wrote on the subject of Lord Byron's works was
+Lady Caroline Lamb, who had caricatured him (as he supposed) in her
+"Glenarvon." Her letter is dated Welwyn, franked by William Lamb:
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 5, 1816.
+
+"You cannot need my assuring you that if you will entrust me with the
+new poems, none of the things you fear shall occur, in proof of which I
+ask you to enquire with yourself, whether, if a person in constant
+correspondence and friendship with another, yet keeps a perfect silence
+on one subject, she cannot do so when at enmity and at a distance."
+
+This letter, to which no reply seems to have been sent, is followed by
+another, in which her Ladyship says:
+
+I wish to ask you one question: are you offended with me or my letter?
+If so, I am sorry, but depend upon it if after seven years' acquaintance
+you choose to cut off what you ever termed your left hand, I have too
+much gratitude towards you to allow of it. Accept therefore every
+apology for every supposed fault. I always write eagerly and in haste, I
+never read over what I have written. If therefore I said anything I
+ought not, pardon it--it was not intended; and let me entreat you to
+remember a maxim I have found very useful to me, that there is nothing
+in this life worth quarrelling about, and that half the people we are
+offended with never intended to give us cause.
+
+Thank you for Holcroft's "Life," which is extremely curious and
+interesting. I think you will relent and send me "Childe Harold" before
+any one has it--this is the first time you have not done so--and the
+_Quarterly Review_; and pray also any other book that is curious.... I
+quite pine to see the _Quarterly Review_ and "Childe Harold." Have mercy
+and send them, or I shall gallop to town to see you. Is 450 guineas too
+dear for a new barouche? If you know this let me know, as we of the
+country know nothing.
+
+Yours sincerely, C.L.
+
+In sending home the MS. of the first act of "Manfred," Lord Byron wrote,
+giving but unsatisfactory accounts of his own health. Mr. Murray
+replied:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_March_ 20, 1817.
+
+My Lord,
+
+I have to acknowledge your kind letter, dated the 3rd, received this
+hour; but I am sorry to say that it has occasioned, me great anxiety
+about your health. You are not wont to cry before you are hurt; and I am
+apprehensive that you are worse even than you allow. Pray keep quiet and
+take care of yourself. My _Review_ shows you that you are worth
+preserving and that the world yet loves you. If you become seriously
+worse, I entreat you to let me know it, and I will fly to you with a
+physician; an Italian one is only a preparation for the anatomist. I
+will not tell your sister of this, if you will tell me true. I had hopes
+that this letter would have confirmed my expectations of your speedy
+return, which has been stated by Mr. Kinnaird, and repeated to me by Mr.
+Davies, whom I saw yesterday, and who promises to write. We often
+indulge our recollections of you, and he allows me to believe that I am
+one of the few who really know you.
+
+Gifford gave me yesterday the first act of "Manfred" with a delighted
+countenance, telling me it was wonderfully poetical, and desiring me to
+assure you that it well merits publication. I shall send proofs to you
+with his remarks, if he have any; it is a wild and delightful thing, and
+I like it myself hugely....
+
+I have just received, in a way perfectly unaccountable, a MS. from St.
+Helena--with not a word. I suppose it to be originally written by
+Buonaparte or his agents.--It is very curious--his life, in which each
+event is given in almost a word--a battle described in a short sentence.
+I call it therefore simply _Manuscrit venu de Ste. Helene d'une maniere
+inconnue_. [Footnote: This work attracted a considerable amount of
+attention in London, but still more in Paris, as purporting to be a
+chapter of autobiography by Napoleon, then a prisoner in St. Helena. It
+was in all probability the work of some of the deposed Emperor's friends
+and adherents in Paris, issued for the purpose of keeping his name
+prominently before the world. M. de Meneval, author of several books on
+Napoleon's career, has left it on record that the "M.S. venu de Sainte
+Helene" was written by M. Frederic Lullin de Chateauvieux, "genevois
+deja connu dans le monde savant. Cet ecrivain a avoue, apres vingt cinq
+ans de silence, qu'il avait compose l'ouvrage en 1816, qu'il avait porte
+lui-meme a Londres, et l'avait mis a la poste, a l'adresse du Libraire
+Murray."] Lord Holland has a motion on our treatment of Buonaparte at
+St. Helena for Wednesday next; and on Monday I shall publish. You will
+have seen Buonaparte's Memorial on this subject, complaining bitterly of
+all; pungent but very injudicious, as it must offend all the other
+allied powers to be reminded of their former prostration.
+
+_April_ 12, 1817.
+
+Our friend Southey has got into a confounded scrape. Some twenty years
+ago, when he knew no better and was a Republican, he wrote a certain
+drama, entitled, "Wat Tyler," in order to disseminate wholesome doctrine
+amongst the _lower_ orders. This he presented to a friend, with a
+fraternal embrace, who was at that time enjoying the cool reflection
+generated by his residence in Newgate. This friend, however, either
+thinking its publication might prolong his durance, or fancying that it
+would not become profitable as a speculation, quietly put it into his
+pocket; and now that the author has most manfully laid about him,
+slaying Whigs and Republicans by the million, this cursed friend
+publishes; but what is yet worse, the author, upon sueing for an
+injunction, to proceed in which he is obliged to swear that he is the
+author, is informed by the Chancellor that it is seditious--and that for
+sedition there is no copyright. I will inclose either now or in my next
+a second copy, for as there is no copyright, everyone has printed it,
+which will amuse you.
+
+On July 15th and 20th Lord Byron wrote to Mr. Murray that the fourth
+canto of "Childe Harold" was completed, and only required to be "copied
+and polished," but at the same time he began to "barter" for the price
+of the canto, so completely had his old scruples on this score
+disappeared. Mr. Murray replied, offering 1,500 guineas for the
+copyright.
+
+Mr. Hobhouse spent a considerable part of the year 1817 travelling about
+in Italy, whither he had gone principally to see Lord Byron. He wrote to
+Mr. Murray on the subject of Thorwaldsen's bust of the poet:
+
+"I shall conclude with telling you about Lord B.'s bust. It is a
+masterpiece by Thorwaldsen [Footnote: The bust was made for Mr.
+Hobhouse, at his expense. Lord Byron said, "I would not pay the price of
+a Thorwaldsen bust for any head and shoulders, except Napoleon's or my
+children's, or some 'absurd womankind's,' as Monkbarns calls them, or my
+sister's."] who is thought by most judges to surpass Canova in this
+branch of sculpture. The likeness is perfect: the artist worked _con
+amore_, and told me it was the finest head he had ever under his hand. I
+would have had a wreath round the brows, but the poet was afraid of
+being mistaken for a king or a conqueror, and his pride or modesty made
+him forbid the band. However, when the marble comes to England I shall
+place a golden laurel round it in the ancient style, and, if it is
+thought good enough, suffix the following inscription, which may serve
+at least to tell the name of the portrait and allude to the excellence
+of the artist, which very few lapidary inscriptions do;
+
+'In vain would flattery steal a wreath from fame,
+  And Rome's best sculptor only half succeed,
+If England owned no share in Byron's name
+  Nor hailed the laurel she before decreed.'
+
+Of course you are very welcome to a copy--I don't mean of the verses,
+but of the bust. But, with the exception of Mr. Kinnaird, who has
+applied, and Mr. Davies, who may apply, no other will be granted.
+Farewell, dear Sir."
+
+The fourth canto duly reached London in Mr. Hobhouse's portmanteau, and
+was published in the spring of 1818.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV
+
+LORD BYRON'S DEALINGS WITH MR. MURRAY--_continued_--THE DEATH OF
+ALLEGRA, ETC.
+
+
+Lord Byron informed Mr. Murray, on October 12, 1817, that he had written
+"a poem in or after the excellent manner of Mr. Whistlecraft (whom I
+take to be Frere)"; and in a subsequent letter he said, "Mr.
+Whistlecraft has no greater admirer than myself. I have written a story
+in eighty-nine stanzas in imitation of him, called 'Beppo,' the short
+name for Giuseppe, that is the Joe of the Italian Joseph." Lord Byron
+required that it should be printed anonymously, and in any form that Mr.
+Murray pleased. The manuscript of the poem was not, however, sent off
+until the beginning of 1818; and it reached the publisher about a month
+later.
+
+Meanwhile the friendly correspondence between the poet and his publisher
+continued:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1818.
+
+"I was much pleased to find, on my arrival from Edinburgh on Saturday
+night, your letter of August 26. The former one of the 21st I received
+whilst in Scotland. The Saturday and Sunday previous I passed most
+delightfully with Walter Scott, who was incessant in his inquiries after
+your welfare. He entertains the noblest sentiments of regard towards
+you, and speaks of you with the best feelings. I walked about ten miles
+with him round a very beautiful estate, which he has purchased by
+degrees, within two miles of his favourite Melrose. He has nearly
+completed the centre and one wing of a castle on the banks of the Tweed,
+where he is the happiness as well as pride of the whole neighbourhood.
+He is one of the most hospitable, merry, and entertaining of mortals. He
+would, I am confident, do anything to serve you; and as the Paper
+[Footnote: The review of the fourth canto of "Childe Harold," _Q.R.,_
+No.37.] which I now enclose is a second substantial proof of the
+interest he takes in your literary character, perhaps it may naturally
+enough afford occasion for a letter from you to him. I sent you by Mr.
+Hanson four volumes of a second series of 'Tales of my Landlord,' and
+four others are actually in the press. Scott does not yet avow them, but
+no one doubts his being their author.... I sent also by Mr. Hanson a
+number or two of _Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine,_ and I have in a
+recent parcel sent the whole. I think that you will find in it a very
+great share of talent, and some most incomparable fun.... John Wilson,
+who wrote the article on Canto IV. of 'Childe Harold' (of which, by the
+way, I am anxious to know your opinion), has very much interested
+himself in the journal, and has communicated some most admirable papers.
+Indeed, he possesses very great talents and a variety of knowledge. I
+send you a very well-constructed kaleidoscope, a newly-invented toy
+which, if not yet seen in Venice, will I trust amuse some of your female
+friends."
+
+The following letter is inserted here, as it does not appear in Moore's
+"Biography":
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+VENICE, _November_ 24, 1818,
+
+DEAR. MR. MURRAY,
+
+Mr. Hanson has been here a week, and went five days ago. He brought
+nothing but his papers, some corn-rubbers, and a kaleidoscope. "For what
+we have received the Lord make us thankful"! for without His aid I shall
+not be so. He--Hanson-left everything else in _Chancery Lane_ whatever,
+except your copy-papers for the last Canto, [Footnote: Of "Childe
+Harold."] etc., which having a degree of parchment he brought with him.
+You may imagine his reception; he swore the books were a "waggon-load";
+if they were, he should have come in a waggon; he would in that case
+have come quicker than he did.
+
+Lord Lauderdale set off from hence twelve days ago accompanied by a
+cargo of Poesy directed to Mr. Hobhouse, all spick and span, and in MS.;
+you will see what it is like. I have given it to Master Southey, and he
+shall have more before I have done with him.
+
+You may make what I say here as public as you please, more particularly
+to Southey, whom I look upon--and will say so publicly-to be a dirty,
+lying rascal, and will prove it in ink--or in his blood, if I did not
+believe him to be too much of a poet to risk it! If he has forty reviews
+at his back, as he has the _Quarterly_, I would have at him in his
+scribbling capacity now that he has begun with me; but I will do nothing
+underhand; tell him what I say from _me_ and every one else you please.
+
+You will see what I have said, if the parcel arrives safe. I understand
+Coleridge went about repeating Southey's lie with pleasure. I can
+believe it, for I had done him what is called a favour.... I can
+understand Coleridge's abusing me--but how or why _Southey_, whom I had
+never obliged in any sort of way, or done him the remotest service,
+should go about fibbing and calumniating is more than I readily
+comprehend. Does he think to put me down with his _Canting_, not being
+able to do it with his poetry? We will try the question. I have read his
+review of Hunt, where he has attacked Shelley in an oblique and shabby
+manner. Does he know what that review has done? I will tell you; it has
+_sold_ an edition of the "Revolt of Islam" which otherwise nobody would
+have thought of reading, and few who read can understand, I for one.
+
+Southey would have attacked me too there, if he durst, further than by
+hints about Hunt's friends in general, and some outcry about an
+"Epicurean System" carried on by men of the most opposite habits and
+tastes and opinions in life and poetry (I believe) that ever had their
+names in the same volume--Moore, Byron, Shelley, Hazlitt, Haydon, Leigh
+Hunt, Lamb. What resemblance do ye find among all or any of these men?
+And how could any sort of system or plan be carried on or attempted
+amongst them? However, let Mr. Southey look to himself; since the wine
+is tapped, he shall drink it.
+
+I got some books a few weeks ago--many thanks. Amongst them is Israeli's
+new edition; it was not fair in you to show him my copy of his former
+one, with all the marginal notes and nonsense made in Greece when I was
+not two-and-twenty, and which certainly were not meant for his perusal,
+nor for that of his readers.
+
+I have a great respect for Israeli and his talents, and have read his
+works over and over and over repeatedly, and been amused by them
+greatly, and instructed often. Besides, I hate giving pain, unless
+provoked; and he is an author, and must feel like his brethren; and
+although his Liberality repaid my marginal flippancies with a
+compliment--the highest compliment--that don't reconcile me to
+myself--nor to _you_. It was a breach of confidence to do this without
+my leave; I don't know a living man's book I take up so often or lay
+down more reluctantly than Israeli's, and I never will forgive you--that
+is, for many weeks. If he had got out of humour I should have been less
+sorry; but even then I should have been sorry; but really he has heaped
+his "coals of fire" so handsomely upon my head that they burn
+unquenchably.
+
+You ask me of the two reviews [Footnote: Of "Childe Harold" in the
+_Quarterly_ and _Blackwood._]--I will tell you. Scott's is the review
+of one poet on another--his friend; Wilson's, the review of a poet too,
+on another--his _Idol_; for he likes me better than he chooses to avow
+to the public with all his eulogy. I speak judging only from the
+article, for I don't know him personally.
+
+Here is a long letter--can you read it?
+
+Yours ever,
+
+B.
+
+In the course of September 1818 Lord Byron communicated to Mr. Moore
+that he had finished the first canto of a poem in the style and manner
+of "Beppo." "It is called," he said, "'Don Juan,' and is meant to be a
+little quietly facetious upon everything; but," he added, "I doubt
+whether it is not--at least so far as it has yet gone--too free for
+these very modest days." In January 1819 Lord Byron requested Mr. Murray
+to print for private distribution fifty copies of "Don Juan." Mr. Murray
+urged him to occupy himself with some great work worthy of his
+reputation. "This you have promised to Gifford long ago, and to Hobhouse
+and Kinnaird since." Lord Byron, however, continued to write out his
+"Don Juan," and sent the second canto in April 1819, together with the
+"Letter of Julia," to be inserted in the first canto.
+
+Mr. Murray, in acknowledging the receipt of the first and second cantos,
+was not so congratulatory as he had formerly been. The verses contained,
+no doubt, some of the author's finest poetry, but he had some objections
+to suggest. "I think," he said, "you may modify or substitute other
+words for the lines on Romilly, whose death should save him." But Byron
+entertained an extreme detestation for Romilly, because, he said, he had
+been "one of my assassins," and had sacrificed him on "his legal altar";
+and the verse [Footnote: St. 16, First Canto.] was allowed to stand
+over. "Your history," wrote Murray, "of the plan of the progress of 'Don
+Juan' is very entertaining, but I am clear for sending him to hell,
+because he may favour us with a description of some of the characters
+whom he finds there." Mr. Murray suggested the removal of some offensive
+words in Canto II. "These," he said, "ladies may not read; the Shipwreck
+is a little too particular, and out of proportion to the rest of the
+picture. But if you do anything it must be done with extreme caution;
+think of the effects of such seductive poetry! It probably surpasses in
+talent anything that you ever wrote. Tell me if you think seriously of
+completing this work, or if you have sketched the story. I am very sorry
+to have occasioned you the trouble of writing again the "Letter of
+Julia"; but you are always very forgiving in such cases." The lines in
+which the objectionable words appeared were obliterated by Lord Byron.
+
+From the following letter we see that Mr. Murray continued his
+remonstrances:
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_.
+
+_May 3_, 1819.
+
+"I find that 'Julia's Letter' has been safely received, and is with the
+printer. The whole remainder of the second canto will be sent by
+Friday's post. The inquiries after its appearance are not a few. Pray
+use your most tasteful discretion so as to wrap up or leave out certain
+approximations to indelicacy."
+
+Mr. Douglas Kinnaird, who was entrusted with the business portion of
+this transaction, wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Douglas Kinnaird to John Murray_.
+
+_June 7_, 1819.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Since I had the pleasure of seeing you, I have received from Lord Byron
+a letter in which he expresses himself as having left to Mr. Hobhouse
+and myself the sole and whole discretion and duty of settling with the
+publisher of the MSS. which are now in your hands the consideration to
+be given for them. Observing that you have advertised "Mazeppa," I feel
+that it is my duty to request you will name an early day--of course
+previous to your publishing that or any other part of the MSS.--when we
+may meet and receive your offer of such terms as you may deem proper for
+the purchase of the copyright of them. The very liberal footing on which
+Lord Byron's intercourse with you in your character of publisher of his
+Lordship's works has hitherto been placed, leaves no doubt in my mind
+that our interview need be but very short, and that the terms you will
+propose will be met by our assent.
+
+The parties met, and Mr. Murray agreed to give L525 for "Mazeppa," and
+L1,575 for the first and second cantos of "Don Juan," with "The Ode to
+Venice" thrown in.
+
+In accordance with Lord Byron's directions to his publisher to "keep the
+anonymous," Cantos I. and II. of "Don Juan" appeared in London, in
+quarto, in July 1819, without the name of either author, publisher, or
+bookseller. The book was immediately pounced upon by the critics; but it
+is unnecessary to quote their reviews, as they are impartially given in
+the latest accredited editions of Lord Byron's poems. A few criticisms
+from Mr. Murray's private correspondence may be given.
+
+
+_Mr. Gifford to John Murray_.
+
+RYDE, _July_ 1, 1819.
+
+"Lord B.'s letter is shockingly amusing. [Footnote: Probably that
+written in May; printed in the "Life."] He must be mad; but then there's
+method in his madness. I dread, however, the end. He is, or rather might
+be, the most extraordinary character of his age. I have lived to see
+three great men--men to whom none come near in their respective
+provinces--Pitt, Nelson, Wellington. Morality and religion would have
+placed our friend among them as the fourth boast of the time; even a
+decent respect for the good opinion of mankind might have done much now;
+but all is tending to displace him."
+
+Mr. Murray, who was still in communication with Mr. Blackwood, found
+that he refused to sell "Don Juan" because it contained personalities
+which he regarded as even more objectionable than those of which Murray
+had complained in the _Magazine_.
+
+When the copyright of "Don Juan" was infringed by other publishers, it
+became necessary to take steps to protect it at law, and Mr. Sharon
+Turner was consulted on the subject. An injunction was applied for in
+Chancery, and the course of the negotiation will be best ascertained
+from the following letters:
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 21, 1819.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+... on "Don Juan" I have much apprehension. I had from the beginning,
+and therefore advised the separate assignment. The counsel who is
+settling the bill also doubts if the Chancellor will sustain the
+injunction. I think, when Mr. Bell comes to town, it will be best to
+have a consultation with him on the subject. The counsel, Mr. Loraine,
+shall state to him his view on the subject, and you shall hear what Mr.
+Bell feels upon it. Shall I appoint the consultation? The evil, if not
+stopped, will be great. It will circulate in a cheap form very
+extensively, injuring society wherever it spreads. Yet one consideration
+strikes me. You could wish Lord Byron to write less objectionably. You
+may also wish him to return you part of the L1,625. If the Chancellor
+should dissolve the injunction on this ground, that will show Lord B.
+that he must expect no more copyright money for such things, and that
+they are too bad for law to uphold. Will not this affect his mind and
+purify his pen? It is true that to get this good result you must
+encounter the risk and expense of the injunction and of the argument
+upon it. Will you do this? If I laid the case separately before three of
+our ablest counsel, and they concurred in as many opinions that it
+could not be supported, would this equally affect his Lordship's mind,
+and also induce him to return you an adequate proportion of the purchase
+money? Perhaps nothing but the Court treating him as it treated Southey
+[Footnote: In the case of "Wat Tyler," see Murray's letter to Byron in
+preceding chapter, April 12, 1817.] may sufficiently impress Lord B.
+After the consultation with Bell you will better judge. Shall I get it
+appointed as soon as he comes to town?
+
+Ever yours faithfully,
+
+SHARON TURNER.
+
+Mr. Bell gave his opinion that the Court would not afford protection to
+the book. He admitted, however, that he had not had time to study it.
+
+The next letter relates to the opinion of Mr. Shadwell, afterwards
+Vice-Chancellor:
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 12, 1819.
+
+Dear Murray,
+
+I saw Mr. Shadwell to-day on "Don Juan." He has gone through the book
+with more attention than Mr. Bell had time to do. He desires me to say
+that he does not think the Chancellor would refuse an injunction, or
+would overturn it if obtained....
+
+Yours most faithfully,
+
+SHARON TURNER.
+
+In the event the injunction to restrain the publication of "Don Juan" by
+piratical publishers was granted.
+
+Towards the end of 1819 Byron thought of returning to England. On
+November 8 he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"If she [the Countess Guiccioli] and her husband make it up, you will
+perhaps see me in England sooner than you expect. If not, I will retire
+with her to France or America, change my name, and lead a quiet
+provincial life. If she gets over this, and I get over my Tertian ague,
+I will perhaps look in at Albemarle Street _en passant_ to Bolivar."
+
+When Mr. Hobhouse, then living at Ramsbury, heard of Byron's intention
+to go to South America, he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+" ... To be sure it is impossible that Lord B. should seriously
+contemplate, or, if he does, he must not expect us to encourage, this
+mad scheme. I do not know what in the world to say, but presume some one
+has been talking nonsense to him. Let Jim Perry go to Venezuela if he
+will--he may edit his 'Independent Gazette' amongst the Independents
+themselves, and reproduce his stale puns and politics without let or
+hindrance. But our poet is too good for a planter--too good to sit down
+before a fire made of mare's legs, to a dinner of beef without salt and
+bread. It is the wildest of all his meditations--pray tell him. The
+plague and Yellow Jack, and famine and free quarter, besides a thousand
+other ills, will stare him in the face. No tooth-brushes, no
+corn-rubbers, no _Quarterly Reviews_. In short, plenty of all he
+abominates and nothing of all he loves. I shall write, but you can tell
+facts, which will be better than my arguments."
+
+Byron's half-formed intention was soon abandoned, and the Countess
+Guiccioli's serious illness recalled him to Ravenna, where he remained
+for the next year and a half.
+
+Hobhouse's next letter to Murray (January 1820), in which he reported
+"Bad news from Ravenna--a great pity indeed," is dated _Newgate_, where
+he had been lodged in consequence of his pamphlet entitled "A Trifling
+Mistake in Thomas Lord Erskine's Recent Pamphlet," containing several
+very strong reflections on the House of Commons as then constituted.
+
+During his imprisonment, Mr. Hobhouse was visited by Mr. Murray and Ugo
+Foscolo, as well as by many of his political friends.
+
+Lady Caroline Lamb also wrote to Mr. Murray from Brockett Hall, asking
+for information about Byron and Hobhouse.
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+You have never written to tell me about him. Now, did you know the pain
+and agony this has given me, you had not been so remiss. If you could
+come here on Wednesday for one night, I have a few people and a supper.
+You could come by the Mail in two hours, much swifter than even in your
+swift carriage; and I have one million of things to say and ask also. Do
+tell me how that dear Radical Hob is, and pray remember me to him. I
+really hope you will be here at dinner or supper on Wednesday. Your
+bedroom shall be ready, and you can be back in Town before most people
+are up, though I rise here at seven.
+
+Yours quite disturbed my mind, for want of your telling me how he
+[Byron] looks, what he says, if he is grown fat, if he is no uglier than
+he used to be, if he is good-humoured or cross-grained, putting his
+brows down--if his hair curls or is straight as somebody said, if he has
+seen Hobhouse, if he is going to stay long, if you went to Dover as you
+intended, and a great deal more, which, if you had the smallest tact or
+aught else, you would have written long ago; for as to me, I shall
+certainly not see him, neither do I care he should know that I ever
+asked after him. It is from mere curiosity I should like to hear all you
+can tell me about him. Pray come here immediately.
+
+Yours,
+
+C.L.
+
+Notwithstanding the remarkable sale of "Don Juan," Murray hesitated
+about publishing any more of the cantos. After the fifth canto was
+published, Lord Byron informed Murray that it was "hardly the beginning
+of the work," that he intended to take Don Juan through the tour of
+Europe, put him through the Divorce Court, and make him finish as
+Anacharsis Clootz in the French Revolution. Besides being influenced by
+his own feelings, it is possible that the following letter of Mr. Croker
+may have induced Mr. Murray to have nothing further to do with the work:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+MUNSTER HOUSE, _March_ 26, 1820.
+
+_A rainy Sunday_.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I have to thank you for letting me see your two new cantos [the 3rd and
+4th], which I return. What sublimity! what levity! what boldness! what
+tenderness! what majesty! what trifling! what variety! what
+_tediousness_!--for tedious to a strange degree, it must be confessed
+that whole passages are, particularly the earlier stanzas of the fourth
+canto. I know no man of such general powers of intellect as Brougham,
+yet I think _him_ insufferably tedious; and I fancy the reason to be
+that he has such _facility_ of expression that he is never recalled to a
+_selection_ of his thoughts. A more costive orator would be obliged to
+choose, and a man of his talents could not fail to choose the best; but
+the power of uttering all and everything which passes across his mind,
+tempts him to say all. He goes on without thought--I should rather say,
+without pause. His speeches are poor from their richness, and dull from
+their infinite variety. An impediment in his speech would make him a
+perfect Demosthenes. Something of the same kind, and with something of
+the same effect, is Lord Byron's wonderful fertility of thought and
+facility of expression; and the Protean style of "Don Juan," instead of
+checking (as the fetters of rhythm generally do) his natural activity,
+not only gives him wider limits to range in, but even generates a more
+roving disposition. I dare swear, if the truth were known, that his
+digressions and repetitions generate one another, and that the happy
+jingle of some of his comical rhymes has led him on to episodes of which
+he never originally thought; and thus it is that, with the most
+extraordinary merit, _merit of all kinds_, these two cantos have been
+to _me_, in several points, tedious and even obscure.
+
+As to the PRINCIPLES, all the world, and you, Mr. Murray, _first of
+all_, have done this poem great injustice. There are levities here and
+there, more than good taste approves, but nothing to make such a
+terrible rout about--nothing so bad as "Tom Jones," nor within a hundred
+degrees of "Count Fathom."
+
+The writer goes on to remark that the personalities in the poem are more
+to be deprecated than "its imputed looseness of principle":
+
+I mean some expressions of political and personal feelings which, I
+believe, he, in fact, never felt, and threw in wantonly and _de gaiete
+de coeur_, and which he would have omitted, advisedly and _de bonte de
+coeur_, if he had not been goaded by indiscreet, contradictory, and
+urgent _criticisms_, which, in some cases, were dark enough to be called
+_calumnies_. But these are blowing over, if not blown over; and I cannot
+but think that if Mr. Gifford, or some friend in whose taste and
+disinterestedness Lord Byron could rely, were to point out to him the
+cruelty to individuals, the injury to the national character, the
+offence to public taste, and the injury to his own reputation, of such
+passages as those about Southey and Waterloo and the British Government
+and the head of that Government, I cannot but hope and believe that
+these blemishes in the first cantos would be wiped away in the next
+edition; and that some that occur in the two cantos (which you sent me)
+would never see the light. What interest can Lord Byron have in being
+the poet of a party in politics?... In politics, he cannot be what he
+appears, or rather what Messrs. Hobhouse and Leigh Hunt wish to make him
+appear. A man of his birth, a man of his taste, a man of his talents, a
+man of his habits, can have nothing in common with such miserable
+creatures as we now call _Radicals_, of whom I know not that I can
+better express the illiterate and blind ignorance and vulgarity than by
+saying that the best informed of them have probably never heard of Lord
+Byron. No, no, Lord Byron may be indulgent to these jackal followers of
+his; he may connive at their use of his name--nay, it is not to be
+denied that he has given them too, too much countenance--but he never
+can, I should think, now that he sees not only the road but the rate
+they are going, continue to take a part so contrary to all his own
+interests and feelings, and to the feelings and interests of all the
+respectable part of his country.... But what is to be the end of all
+this rigmarole of mine? To conclude, this--to advise you, for your own
+sake as a tradesman, for Lord Byron's sake as a poet, for the sake of
+good literature and good principles, which ought to be united, to take
+such measures as you may be able to venture upon to get Lord Byron to
+revise these two cantos, and not to make another step in the odious path
+which Hobhouse beckons him to pursue....
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+But Byron would alter nothing more in his "Don Juan." He accepted the
+corrections of Gifford in his "Tragedies," but "Don Juan" was never
+submitted to him. Hobhouse was occasionally applied to, because he knew
+Lord Byron's handwriting; but even his suggestions of alterations or
+corrections of "Don Juan" were in most cases declined, and moreover
+about this time a slight coolness had sprung up between him and Byron.
+When Hobhouse was standing for Westminster with Sir Francis Burdett,
+Lord Byron sent a song about him in a letter to Mr. Murray. It ran to
+the tune of "My Boy Tammy? O!"
+
+"Who are now the People's men?
+  My boy Hobby O!
+Yourself and Burdett, Gentlemen,
+  And Blackguard Hunt and Cobby O!
+
+"When to the mob you make a speech,
+  My boy Hobby O!
+How do you keep without their reach
+  The watch without your fobby O?"
+[Footnote: The rest of the song is printed in _Murray's Magazine_, No. 3.]
+
+Lord Byron asked Murray to show the song not only to some of his
+friends--who got it by heart and had it printed in the newspapers--but
+also to Hobhouse himself. "I know," said his Lordship, "that he will
+never forgive me, but I really have no patience with him for letting
+himself be put in quod by such a set of ragamuffins." Mr. Hobhouse,
+however, was angry with Byron for his lampoon and with Murray for
+showing it to his friends. He accordingly wrote the following letter,
+which contains some interesting particulars of the Whig Club at
+Cambridge in Byron's University days:
+
+_Mr. Hobhouse to John Murray_.
+
+2, HANOVER SQUARE, _November_, 1820.
+
+I have received your letter, and return to you Lord Byron's. I shall
+tell you very frankly, because I think it much better to speak a little
+of a man to his face than to say a great deal about him behind his back,
+that I think you have not treated me as I deserved, nor as might have
+been expected from that friendly intercourse which has subsisted between
+us for so many years. Had Lord Byron transmitted to me a lampoon on you,
+I should, if I know myself at all, either have put it into the fire
+without delivery, or should have sent it at once to you. I should not
+have given it a circulation for the gratification of all the small wits
+at the great and little houses, where no treat is so agreeable as to
+find a man laughing at his friend. In this case, the whole coterie of
+the very shabbiest party that ever disgraced and divided a nation--I
+mean the Whigs--are, I know, chuckling over that silly charge made by
+Mr. Lamb on the hustings, and now confirmed by Lord Byron, of my having
+belonged to a Whig club at Cambridge. Such a Whig as I then was, I am
+now. I had no notion that the name implied selfishness and subserviency,
+and desertion of the most important principles for the sake of the least
+important interest. I had no notion that it implied anything more than
+an attachment to the principles the ascendency of which expelled the
+Stuarts from the Throne. Lord Byron belonged to this Cambridge club, and
+desired me to scratch out his name, on account of the criticism in the
+_Edinburgh Review_ on his early poems; but, exercising my discretion on
+the subject, I did not erase his name, but reconciled him to the said
+Whigs.
+
+The members of the club were but few, and with those who
+have any marked politics amongst them, I continue to agree at
+this day. They were but ten, and you must know most of them--Mr.
+W. Ponsonby, Mr. George O'Callaghan, the Duke of Devonshire,
+Mr. Dominick Browne, Mr. Henry Pearce, Mr. Kinnaird, Lord
+Tavistock, Lord Ellenborough, Lord Byron, and myself. I was
+not, as Lord Byron says in the song, the founder of this Club;
+[Footnote:
+
+"But when we at Cambridge were
+My boy Hobbie O!
+If my memory do not err,
+You founded a Whig Clubbie O!"
+
+]
+on the contrary, thinking myself of mighty importance
+in those days, I recollect very well that some difficulty attended my
+consenting to belong to the club, and I have by me a letter from
+Lord Tavistock, in which the distinction between being a Whig
+_party_ man and a Revolution Whig is strongly insisted upon.
+
+I have troubled you with this detail in consequence of Lord Byron's
+charge, which he, who despises and defies, and has lampooned the Whigs
+all round, only invented out of wantonness, and for the sake of annoying
+me--and he has certainly succeeded, thanks to your circulating this
+filthy ballad. As for his Lordship's vulgar notions about the _mob_,
+they are very fit for the Poet of the _Morning Post_, and for nobody
+else. Nothing in the ballad annoyed me but the charge about the
+Cambridge club, because nothing else had the semblance of truth; and I
+own it has hurt me very much to find Lord Byron playing into the hands
+of the Holland House sycophants, for whom he has himself the most
+sovereign contempt, and whom in other days I myself have tried to induce
+him to tolerate.
+
+I shall say no more on this unpleasant subject except that, by a letter
+which I have just received from Lord Byron, I think he is ashamed of his
+song. I shall certainly speak as plainly to him as I have taken the
+liberty to do to you on this matter. He was very wanton and you very
+indiscreet; but I trust neither one nor the other meant mischief, and
+there's an end of it. Do not aggravate matters by telling how much I
+have been annoyed. Lord Byron has sent me a list of his new poems and
+some prose, all of which he requests me to prepare for the press for
+him. The monied arrangement is to be made by Mr. Kinnaird. When you are
+ready for me, the materials may be sent to me at this place, where I
+have taken up my abode for the season.
+
+I remain, very truly yours, JOHN CAM HOBHOUSE.
+
+Towards the end of 1820 Lord Byron wrote a long letter to Mr. Murray on
+Mr. Bowles's strictures on the "Life and Writings of Pope." It was a
+subject perhaps unworthy of his pen, but being an ardent admirer of
+Pope, he thought it his duty to "bowl him [Bowles] down." "I mean to lay
+about me," said Byron, "like a dragon, till I make manure of Bowles for
+the top of Parnassus."
+
+After some revision, the first and second letters to Bowles were
+published, and were well received.
+
+The tragedy of "Sardanapalus," the last three acts of which had been
+written in a fortnight, was despatched to Murray on May 30, 1821, and
+was within a few weeks followed by "The Two Foscari: an Historical
+Tragedy"--which had been composed within a month--and on September 10
+by "Cain, a Mystery." The three dramas, "Sardanapalus," "The Two
+Foscari," and "Cain, a Mystery," were published together in December
+1821, and Mr. Murray paid Lord Byron for them the sum of L2,710.
+
+"Cain" was dedicated, by his consent, to Sir Walter Scott, who, in
+writing to Mr. Murray, described it as "a very grand and tremendous
+drama." On its first appearance it was reprinted in a cheap form by two
+booksellers, under the impression that the Court of Chancery would not
+protect it, and it therefore became necessary to take out an injunction
+to restrain these piratical publishers.
+
+The case came before Lord Chancellor Eldon on February 9. Mr. Shadwell,
+Mr. Spence, and Sergeant Copley were retained by Mr. Murray, and after
+considerable discussion the injunction was refused, the Lord Chancellor
+intimating that the publisher must establish his right to the
+publication at law, and obtain the decision of a jury, on which he would
+grant the injunction required. This was done accordingly, and the
+copyright in "Cain" was thus secured.
+
+On the death of Allegra, his natural daughter, Lord Byron entrusted to
+Mr. Murray the painful duty of making arrangements for the burial of the
+remains in Harrow Church. Mr. Cunningham, the clergyman of Harrow, wrote
+in answer to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Rev. J.W. Cunningham to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 20, 1822.
+
+Sir,
+
+Mr. Henry Drury was so good as to communicate to me a request conveyed
+to you by Lord Byron respecting the burial of a child in this church.
+Mr. H. Drury will probably have also stated to you my willingness to
+comply with the wish of Lord Byron. Will you forgive me, however, for so
+far trespassing upon you (though a stranger) as to suggest an inquiry
+whether it might not be practicable and desirable to fulfil for the
+_present_ only a _part_ of his Lordship's wish--by burying the child,
+and putting up a tablet with simply its name upon the tablet; and thus
+leaving Lord B. more leisure to reflect upon the character of the
+inscription he may wish to be added. It does seem to me that whatever he
+may wish in the moment of his distress about the loss of this child, he
+will afterwards regret that he should have taken pains to proclaim to
+the world what he will not, I am sure, consider as honourable to his
+name. And if this be probable, then it appears to me the office of a
+true friend not to suffer him to commit himself but to allow his mind an
+opportunity of calm deliberation. I feel constrained to say that the
+inscription he proposed will be felt by every man of refined taste, to
+say nothing of sound morals, to be an offence against taste and
+propriety. My correspondence with his Lordship has been so small that I
+can scarcely venture myself to urge these objections. You perhaps will
+feel no such scruple. I have seen no person who did not concur in the
+propriety of stating them. I would entreat, however, that should you
+think it right to introduce my name into any statement made to Lord
+Byron, you will not do it without assuring him of my unwillingness to
+oppose the smallest obstacle to his wishes, or give the slightest pain
+to his mind. The injury which, in my judgment, he is from day to day
+inflicting upon society is no justification for measures of retaliation
+and unkindness.
+
+Your obedient and faithful Servant, J.W. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+No communication having been received by the Rector, he placed the
+application from Lord Byron before the churchwardens.
+
+_Rev. J.W. Cunningham to John Murray_.
+
+"The churchwardens have been urged to issue their prohibition by several
+leading and influential persons, laymen, in the parish. You are aware
+that as to _ex-parishioners_ the consent of the churchwardens is no less
+necessary than my own; and that therefore the enclosed prohibition is
+decisive as to the putting up of the monument. You will oblige me by
+making known to Lord Byron the precise circumstances of the case.
+
+I am, your obedient Servant, J.W. CUNNINGHAM.
+
+The prohibition was as follows:
+
+HARROW, _September_ 17, 1822.
+
+Honored Sir,
+
+I object on behalf of the parish to admit the tablet of Lord Byron's
+child into the church.
+
+JAMES WINKLEY, _Churchwarden_.
+
+The remains of Allegra, after long delay, were at length buried in the
+church, just under the present door mat, over which the congregation
+enter the church; but no memorial tablet or other record of her appears
+on the walls of Harrow Church.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI
+
+BYRON'S DEATH AND THE DESTRUCTION OF HIS MEMOIRS
+
+
+No attempt has here been made to present a strictly chronological record
+of Mr. Murray's life; we have sought only so to group his correspondence
+as to lay before our readers the various episodes which go to form the
+business life of a publisher. In pursuance of this plan we now proceed
+to narrate the closing incidents of his friendship with Lord Byron,
+reserving to subsequent chapters the various other transactions in which
+he was engaged.
+
+During the later months of Byron's residence in Italy this friendship
+had suffered some interruption, due in part perhaps to questions which
+had arisen out of the publication of "Don Juan," and in part to the
+interference of the Hunts. With the activity aroused by his expedition
+to Greece, Byron's better nature reasserted itself, and his last letter
+to his publisher, though already printed in Moore's Life, cannot be
+omitted from these pages:
+
+_Lord Byron to John Murray_.
+
+MISSOLONGHI, _February_ 25, 1824.
+
+I have heard from Mr. Douglas Kinnaird that you state "a report of a
+satire on Mr. Gifford having arrived from Italy, _said_ to be written by
+_me_! but that _you_ do not believe it." I dare say you do not, nor any
+body else, I should think. Whoever asserts that I am the author or
+abettor of anything of the kind on Gifford lies in his throat. I always
+regarded him as my literary father, and myself as his prodigal son; if
+any such composition exists, it is none of mine. _You_ know as well as
+anybody upon _whom_ I have or have not written; and _you_ also know
+whether they do or did not deserve that same. And so much for such
+matters. You will perhaps be anxious to hear some news from this part
+of Greece (which is the most liable to invasion); but you will hear
+enough through public and private channels. I will, however, give you
+the events of a week, mingling my own private peculiar with the public;
+for we are here jumbled a little together at present.
+
+On Sunday (the 15th, I believe) I had a strong and sudden convulsive
+attack, which left me speechless, though not motionless-for some strong
+men could not hold me; but whether it was epilepsy, catalepsy, cachexy,
+or apoplexy, or what other _exy_ or _epsy_ the doctors have not decided;
+or whether it was spasmodic or nervous, etc.; but it was very
+unpleasant, and nearly carried me off, and all that. On Monday, they put
+leeches to my temples, no difficult matter, but the blood could not be
+stopped till eleven at night (they had gone too near the temporal artery
+for my temporal safety), and neither styptic nor caustic would cauterise
+the orifice till after a hundred attempts.
+
+On Tuesday a Turkish brig of war ran on shore. On Wednesday, great
+preparations being made to attack her, though protected by her consorts,
+the Turks burned her and retired to Patras. On Thursday a quarrel ensued
+between the Suliotes and the Frank guard at the arsenal: a Swedish
+officer was killed, and a Suliote severely wounded, and a general fight
+expected, and with some difficulty prevented. On Friday, the officer was
+buried; and Captain Parry's English artificers mutinied, under pretence
+that their lives were in danger, and are for quitting the country:--they
+may.
+
+On Saturday we had the smartest shock of an earthquake which I remember
+(and I have felt thirty, slight or smart, at different periods; they are
+common in the Mediterranean), and the whole army discharged their arms,
+upon the same principle that savages beat drums, or howl, during an
+eclipse of the moon:--it was a rare scene altogether--if you had but
+seen the English Johnnies, who had never been out of a cockney workshop
+before!--or will again, if they can help it--and on Sunday, we heard
+that the Vizier is come down to Larissa, with one hundred and odd
+thousand men.
+
+In coming here, I had two escapes; one from the Turks _(one_ of my
+vessels was taken but afterwards released), and the other from
+shipwreck. We drove twice on the rocks near the Scrofes (islands near
+the coast).
+
+I have obtained from the Greeks the release of eight-and-twenty Turkish
+prisoners, men, women, and children, and sent them to Patras and Prevesa
+at my own charges. One little girl of nine years old, who prefers
+remaining with me, I shall (if I live) send, with her mother, probably,
+to Italy, or to England, and adopt her. Her name is Hato, or Hatagee.
+She is a very pretty lively child. All her brothers were killed by the
+Greeks, and she herself and her mother merely spared by special favour
+and owing to her extreme youth, she being then but five or six years
+old.
+
+My health is now better, and I ride about again. My office here is no
+sinecure, so many parties and difficulties of every kind; but I will do
+what I can. Prince Mavrocordato is an excellent person, and does all in
+his power; but his situation is perplexing in the extreme. Still we have
+great hopes of the success of the contest. You will hear, however, more
+of public news from plenty of quarters: for I have little time to write.
+
+Believe me, yours, etc., etc.,
+
+N. BN.
+
+The fierce lawlessness of the Suliotes had now risen to such a height
+that it became necessary, for the safety of the European population, to
+get rid of them altogether; and, by some sacrifices on the part of Lord
+Byron, this object was at length effected. The advance of a month's pay
+by him, and the discharge of their arrears by the Government (the
+latter, too, with money lent for that purpose by the same universal
+paymaster), at length induced these rude warriors to depart from the
+town, and with them vanished all hopes of the expedition against
+Lepanto.
+
+Byron died at Missolonghi on April 19, 1824, and when the body arrived
+in London, Murray, on behalf of Mr. Hobhouse, who was not personally
+acquainted with Dr. Ireland, the Dean of Westminster, wrote to him,
+conveying "the request of the executors and nearest relatives of the
+deceased for permission that his Lordship's remains may be deposited in
+Westminster Abbey, in the most private manner, at an early hour in the
+morning."
+
+Dr. _Ireland to John Murray_. ISLIP, OXFORD, _July_ 8, 1824.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+No doubt the family vault is the most proper place for the remains of
+Lord Byron. It is to be wished, however, that nothing had been said
+_publicly_ about Westminster Abbey before it was known whether the
+remains could be received there. In the newspapers, unfortunately, it
+has been proclaimed by somebody that the Abbey was to be the spot, and,
+on the appearance of this article, I have been questioned as to the
+truth of it from Oxford. My answer has been that the proposal has been
+made, but civilly declined. I had also informed the members of the
+church at Westminster (after your first letter) that I could not grant
+the favour asked. I cannot, therefore, answer now that the case will not
+be mentioned (as it has happened) by some person or other who knows it.
+The best thing to be done, however, by the executors and relatives, is
+to carry away the body, and say as little about it as possible. Unless
+the subject is provoked by some injudicious parade about the remains,
+perhaps the matter will draw little or no notice.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+J. IRELAND,
+
+The death of Byron brought into immediate prominence the question of
+his autobiographical memoirs, the MS. of which he had given to Moore,
+who was at that time his guest at La Mira, near Venice, in 1819.
+
+"A short time before dinner," wrote Moore, "he left the room, and in a
+minute or two returned carrying in his hand a white-leather bag. 'Look
+here,' he said, holding it up, 'this would be worth something to Murray,
+though _you_, I daresay, would not give sixpence for it.' 'What is it?'
+I asked. 'My Life and Adventures,' he answered. On hearing this I raised
+my hands in a gesture of wonder. 'It is not a thing,' he continued,
+'that can be published during my lifetime, but you may have it if you
+like: there, do whatever you please with it.'"
+
+Moore was greatly gratified by the gift, and said the Memoirs would make
+a fine legacy for his little boy. Lord Byron informed Mr. Murray by
+letter what he had done. "They are not," he said, "for publication
+during my life, but when I am cold you may do what you please." In a
+subsequent letter to Mr. Murray, Lord Byron said: "As you say my _prose_
+is good, why don't you treat with Moore for the reversion of my
+Memoirs?--conditionally recollect; not to be published before decease.
+He has the permission to dispose of them, and I advised him to do so."
+Moore thus mentions the subject in his Memoirs:
+
+"_May_ 28, 1820.--Received a letter at last from Lord Byron, through
+Murray, telling me he had informed Lady B. of his having given me his
+Memoirs for the purpose of their being published after his death, and
+offering her the perusal of them in case she might wish to confute any
+of his statements. Her note in answer to this offer (the original of
+which he enclosed me) is as follows":
+
+KIRKBY MALLORY, _March_ 10, 1820.
+
+I received your letter of January 1st, offering for my perusal a Memoir
+of part of my life. I decline to inspect it. I consider the publication
+or circulation of such a composition at any time is prejudicial to Ada's
+future happiness. For my own sake I have no reason to shrink from
+publication; but notwithstanding the injuries which I have suffered, I
+should lament more of the _consequences._
+
+A. BYRON.
+
+To LORD BYRON. [Footnote: For Byron's reply to this letter, see Moore's
+Memoirs, iii. 115.]
+
+Moore received the continuation of Lord Byron's Memoirs on December 26,
+1820, the postage amounting to forty-six francs and a half. "He advises
+me," said Moore in his Diary, "to dispose of the reversion of the MS.
+now." Accordingly, Moore, being then involved in pecuniary
+responsibilities by the defalcations of his deputy in Bermuda,
+endeavoured to dispose of the "Memoirs of Lord Byron." He first wrote to
+the Messrs. Longman, who did not offer him enough; and then to Mr.
+Murray, who offered him the sum of 2,000 guineas, on condition that he
+should be the editor of the Memoirs, and write the Life of Lord Byron.
+
+_John Murray to Lord Byron_. _July_ 24, 1821.
+
+Dear Lord Byron,
+
+I have just received a letter from Mr. Moore--the subject of it is every
+way worthy of your usual liberality--and I had not a moment's hesitation
+in acceding to a proposal which enabled me in any way to join in
+assisting so excellent a fellow. I have told him--which I suppose you
+will think fair--that he should give me all additions that you may from
+time to time make--and in case of survivorship edit the whole--and I
+will leave it as an heirloom to my son.
+
+I have written to accede to Mr. Moore's proposal. I remain, dear Lord
+Byron, Your grateful and faithful Servant, JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Moore accepted the proposal, and then proceeded to draw upon Mr.
+Murray for part of the money. It may be added that the agreement between
+Murray and Moore gave the former the right of publishing the Memoirs
+three months after his Lordship's death. When that event was
+authenticated, the manuscript remained at Mr. Murray's absolute disposal
+if Moore had not previously redeemed it by the repayment of the 2,000
+guineas.
+
+During the period that Mr. Moore had been in negotiation with the
+Longmans and Murray respecting the purchase of the Memoirs, he had given
+"Lady Holland the MS. to read." Lord John Russell also states, in his
+"Memoirs of Moore," that he had read "the greater part, if not the
+whole," and that he should say that some of it was too gross for
+publication. When the Memoirs came into the hands of Mr. Murray, he
+entrusted the manuscript to Mr. Gifford, whose opinion coincided with
+that of Lord John Russell. A few others saw the Memoirs, amongst them
+Washington Irving and Mr. Luttrell. Irving says, in his "Memoirs," that
+Moore showed him the Byron recollections and that they were quite
+unpublishable.
+
+Mr. Moore himself seems to have been thrown into some doubt as to the
+sale of the manuscript by the opinion of his friends. "Lord Holland," he
+said, "expressed some scruples as to the sale of Lord Byron's Memoirs,
+and he wished that I could have got the 2,000 guineas in any other way;
+he seemed to think it was in cold blood, depositing a sort of quiver of
+poisoned arrows for a future warfare upon private character." [Footnote:
+Lord John Russell's "Memoirs, Journals, and Correspondence of Thomas
+Moore," iii. p. 298.] Mr. Moore had a long conversation on the subject
+with Mr. J.C. Hobhouse, "who," he says in his Journal, "is an upright
+and honest man." When speaking of Lord Byron, Hobhouse said, "I know
+more about Lord Byron than any one else, and much more than I should
+wish any one else to know."
+
+Lady Byron offered, through Mr. Kinnaird, to advance 2,000 guineas for
+the redemption of the Memoirs from Mr. Murray, but the negotiation was
+not brought to a definite issue. Moore, when informed of the offer,
+objected to Lady Byron being consulted about the matter, "for this would
+be treachery to Lord Byron's intentions and wishes," but he agreed to
+place the Memoirs at the disposal of Lord Byron's sister, Mrs. Leigh,
+"to be done with exactly as she thought proper." Moore was of opinion
+that those parts of the manuscript should be destroyed which were found
+objectionable; but that those parts should be retained which were not,
+for his benefit and that of the public.
+
+At the same time it must be remembered that Moore's interest in the
+Memoirs had now entirely ceased, for in consequence of the death of Lord
+Byron they had become Mr. Murray's absolute property, in accordance with
+the terms of his purchase. But although Mr. Murray had paid so large a
+sum for the manuscript, and would probably have made a considerable
+profit by its publication, he was nevertheless willing to have it
+destroyed, if it should be the deliberate opinion of his Lordship's
+friends and relatives that such a step was desirable.
+
+Mr. Murray therefore put himself into communication with Lord Byron's
+nearest friends and relations with respect to the disposal of the
+Memoirs. His suggestion was at first strongly opposed by some of them;
+but he urged his objections to publication with increased zeal, even
+renouncing every claim to indemnification for what he had paid to Mr.
+Moore. A meeting of those who were entitled to act in the matter was at
+length agreed upon, and took place in Murray's drawing-room, on May 17,
+1824. There were present Mr. Murray, Mr. Moore, Mr. J.C. Hobhouse,
+Colonel Doyle representing Lady Byron, Mr. Wilmot Horton representing
+Mrs. Leigh, and Mr. Luttrell, a friend of Moore's. Young Mr.
+Murray--then sixteen; the only person of those assembled now living
+[1891]--was also in the room. The discussion was long and stormy before
+the meeting broke up, and nearly led to a challenge between Moore and
+Hobhouse. A reference to the agreement between Moore and Murray became
+necessary, but for a long time that document could not be found; it was
+at length discovered, but only after the decision to commit the
+manuscript to the flames had been made and carried out, and the party
+remained until the last sheet of Lord Byron's Memoirs had vanished in
+smoke up the Albemarle Street chimney.
+
+Immediately after the burning, Mrs. Leigh wrote the following account to
+her friend, the Rev. Mr. Hodgson, an old friend of Byron's:
+
+_The Hon. Mrs. Leigh to the Rev. f. Hodgson_.
+
+"The parties, Messrs. Moore, Murray, Hobhouse, Col. Doyle for Lady B.,
+and Mr. Wilmot for me, and Mr. Luttrell, a friend of Mr. Moore's, met at
+Mr. Murray's; and after a long dispute and nearly quarrelling, upon Mr.
+Wilmot stating what was my wish and opinion, the MS. was burnt, and
+Moore paid Murray the 2,000 guineas. Immediately almost _after_ this was
+done, the legal agreement between Moore and Murray (which had been
+mislaid), was found, and, strange to say, it appeared from it (what both
+had forgotten), that the property of the MS. was Murray's _bond fide_.
+Consequently _he_ had the right to dispose of it as he pleased; and as
+he had behaved most handsomely upon the occasion ... it was desired by
+our family that he should receive the 2,000 guineas back." [Footnote:
+"Memoir of the Rev. F. Hodgson," ii. 139-40.]
+
+But the Byrons did not repay the money. Mr. Moore would not permit it.
+He had borrowed the 2,000 guineas from the Messrs. Longman, and before
+he left the room, he repaid to Mr. Murray the sum he had received for
+the Memoirs, together with the interest during the time that the
+purchase-money had remained in his possession.
+
+The statements made in the press, as to Lord Byron's Memoirs having been
+burnt, occasioned much public excitement, and many applications were
+made to Mr. Murray for information on the subject. Amongst those who
+made particular inquiry was Mr. Jerdan, of the _Literary Gazette,_ who
+inclosed to Mr. Murray the paragraph which he proposed to insert in his
+journal. Mr. Murray informed him that the account was so very erroneous,
+that he desired him either to condense it down to the smallest compass,
+or to omit it altogether. Mr. Jerdan, however, replied that the subject
+was of so much public interest, that he could not refuse to state the
+particulars, and the following was sent to him, prepared by Mr. Murray:
+
+"A general interest having been excited, touching the fate of Lord
+Byron's Memoirs, written by himself, and reports, confused and
+incorrect, having got into circulation upon the subject, it has been
+deemed requisite to signify the real particulars. The manuscript of
+these Memoirs was purchased by Mr. Murray in the year 1821 for the sum
+of two thousand guineas, under certain stipulations which gave him the
+right of publishing them three months after his Lordship's demise. When
+that event was authenticated, the Manuscript consequently remained at
+Mr. Murray's absolute disposal; and a day or two after the melancholy
+intelligence reached London, Mr. Murray submitted to the near
+connections of the family that the MSS. should be destroyed. In
+consequence of this, five persons variously concerned in the matter were
+convened for discussion upon it. As these Memoirs were not calculated to
+augment the fame of the writer, and as some passages were penned in a
+spirit which his better feelings since had virtually retracted, Mr.
+Murray proposed that they should be destroyed, considering it a duty to
+sacrifice every view of profit to the noble author, by whose confidence
+and friendship he had been so long honoured. The result has been, that
+notwithstanding some opposition, he obtained the desired decision, and
+the Manuscript was forthwith committed to the flames. Mr. Murray was
+immediately reimbursed in the purchase-money by Mr. Moore, although Mr.
+Murray had previously renounced every claim to repayment."
+
+The particulars of the transaction are more fully expressed in the
+following letter written by Mr. Murray to Mr. (afterwards Sir) Robert
+Wilmot Horton, two days after the destruction of the manuscript. It
+seems that Mr. Moore had already made a representation to Mr. Horton
+which was not quite correct. [Footnote: Lord J. Russell's " Memoirs,
+etc., of Thomas Moore," iv. p. 188.]
+
+_John Murray to Mr. R. Wilmot Horton_. ALBEMARLE STREET, _May_ 19, 1824.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+On my return home last night I found your letter, dated the 17th,
+calling on me for a specific answer whether I acknowledged the accuracy
+of the statement of Mr. Moore, communicated in it. However unpleasant it
+is to me, your requisition of a specific answer obliges me to say that I
+cannot, by any means, admit the accuracy of that statement; and in order
+to explain to you how Mr. Moore's misapprehension may have arisen, and
+the ground upon which my assertion rests, I feel it necessary to trouble
+you with a statement of all the circumstances of the case, which will
+enable you to judge for yourself.
+
+Lord Byron having made Mr. Moore a present of his Memoirs, Mr. Moore
+offered them for sale to Messrs. Longman & Co., who however declined to
+purchase them; Mr. Moore then made me a similar offer, which I accepted;
+and in November 1821, a joint assignment of the Memoirs was made to me
+by Lord Byron and Mr. Moore, with all legal technicalities, in
+consideration of a sum of 2,000 guineas, which, on the execution of the
+agreement by Mr. Moore, I paid to him. Mr. Moore also covenanted, in
+consideration of the said sum, to act as Editor of the Memoirs, and to
+supply an account of the subsequent events of Lord Byron's life, etc.
+
+Some months after the execution of this assignment, Mr. Moore requested
+me, as a great personal favour to himself and to Lord Byron, to enter
+into a second agreement, by which I should resign the absolute property
+which I had in the Memoirs, and give Mr. Moore and Lord Byron, or any of
+their friends, a power of redemption _during the life of Lord Byron_. As
+the reason pressed upon me for this change was that their friends
+thought there were some things in the Memoirs that might be injurious to
+both, I did not hesitate to make this alteration at Mr. Moore's request;
+and, accordingly, on the 6th day of May, 1822, a second deed was
+executed, stating that, "Whereas Lord Byron and Mr. Moore are now
+inclined to wish the said work not to be published, it is agreed that,
+if either of them shall, _during the life of the said Lord Byron_, repay
+the 2,000 guineas to Mr. Murray, the latter shall redeliver the Memoirs;
+but that, if the sum be not repaid _during the lifetime of Lord Byron_,
+Mr. Murray shall be at full liberty to print and publish the said
+Memoirs within Three Months [Footnote: The words "within Three Months "
+were substituted for "immediately," at Mr. Moore's request--and they
+appear in pencil, in his own handwriting, upon the original draft of the
+deed, which is still in existence.] after the death of the said Lord
+Byron." I need hardly call your particular attention to the words,
+carefully inserted twice over in this agreement, which limited its
+existence to the _lifetime of Lord Byron_; the reason of such limitation
+was obvious and natural--namely that, although I consented to restore
+the work, _while Lord Byron should be alive_ to direct the ulterior
+disposal of it, I would by no means consent to place it _after his
+death_ at the disposal of any other person.
+
+I must now observe that I had never been able to obtain possession of
+the original assignment, which was my sole lien on this property,
+although I had made repeated applications to Mr. Moore to put me into
+possession of the deed, which was stated to be in the hands of Lord
+Byron's banker. Feeling, I confess, in some degree alarmed at the
+withholding the deed, and dissatisfied at Mr. Moore's inattention to my
+interests in this particular, I wrote urgently to him in March 1823, to
+procure me the deed, and at the same time expressed my wish that the
+second agreement should either be cancelled or _at once executed_.
+
+Finding this application unavailing, and becoming, by the greater lapse
+of time, still more doubtful as to what the intentions of the parties
+might be, I, in March 1824, repeated my demand to Mr. Moore in a more
+peremptory manner, and was in consequence at length put into possession
+of the original deed. But, not being at all satisfied with the course
+that had been pursued towards me, I repeated to Mr. Moore my uneasiness
+at the terms on which I stood under the second agreement, and renewed my
+request to him that he would either cancel it, or execute its provisions
+by the immediate redemption of the work, in order that I might exactly
+know what my rights in the property were. He requested time to consider
+this proposition. In a day or two he called, and told me that he would
+adopt the latter alternative--namely, the redemption of the Memoirs--as
+he had found persons who were ready to advance the money on _his
+injuring his life_; and he promised to conclude the business on the
+first day of his return to town, by paying the money and giving up the
+agreement. Mr. Moore did return to town, but did not, that I have heard
+of, take any proceedings for insuring his life; he positively neither
+wrote nor called upon me as he had promised to do (though he was
+generally accustomed to make mine one of his first houses of call);--nor
+did he take any other step, that I am aware of, to show that he had any
+recollection of the conversation which had passed between us previous to
+his leaving town, until _the death of Lord Byron_ had, _ipso facto_,
+cancelled the agreement in question, and completely restored my absolute
+rights over the property of the Memoirs.
+
+You will therefore perceive that there was no verbal agreement in
+existence between Mr. Moore and me, at the time I made a verbal
+agreement with you to deliver the Memoirs to be destroyed. Mr. Moore
+might undoubtedly, _during Lord Byron's life_, have obtained possession
+of the Memoirs, if he had pleased to do so; he however neglected or
+delayed to give effect to our verbal agreement, which, as well as the
+written instrument to which it related, being cancelled by the death of
+Lord Byron, there was no reason whatsoever why I was not at that instant
+perfectly at liberty to dispose of the MS. as I thought proper. Had I
+considered only my own interest as a tradesman, I would have announced
+the work for immediate publication, and I cannot doubt that, under all
+the circumstances, the public curiosity about these Memoirs would have
+given me a very considerable profit beyond the large sum I originally
+paid for them; but you yourself are, I think, able to do me the justice
+of bearing witness that I looked at the case with no such feelings, and
+that my regard for Lord Byron's memory, and my respect for his surviving
+family, made me more anxious that the Memoirs should be immediately
+destroyed, since it was surmised that the publication might be injurious
+to the former and painful to the latter.
+
+As I myself scrupulously refrained from looking into the Memoirs, I
+cannot, from my own knowledge, say whether such an opinion of the
+contents was correct or not; it was enough for me that the friends of
+Lord and Lady Byron united in wishing for their destruction. Why Mr.
+Moore should have wished to preserve them I did not nor will I inquire;
+but, having satisfied myself that he had no right whatever in them, I
+was happy in having an opportunity of making, by a pecuniary sacrifice
+on my part, some return for the honour, and I must add, the profit,
+which I had derived from Lord Byron's patronage and friendship. You will
+also be able to bear witness that--although I could not presume to
+impose an obligation on the friends of Lord Byron or Mr. Moore, by
+refusing to receive the repayment of the 2,000 guineas advanced by
+me--yet I had determined on the destruction of the Memoirs without any
+previous agreement for such repayment:--and you know the Memoirs were
+actually destroyed without any stipulation on my part, but even with a
+declaration that I had destroyed my own private property--and I
+therefore had no claim upon any party for remuneration.
+
+I remain, dear Sir,
+
+Your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+After the burning of the manuscript Sir Walter Scott wrote in his diary:
+"It was a pity that nothing save the total destruction of Byron's
+Memoirs would satisfy his executors; but there was a reason--_premat nox
+alta."_
+
+Shortly after the burning of the Memoirs, Mr. Moore began to meditate
+writing a Life of Lord Byron; "the Longmans looking earnestly and
+anxiously to it as the great source of my means of repaying them their
+money." [Footnote: Moore's Memoirs, iv. 253.] Mr. Moore could not as
+yet, however, proceed with the Life, as the most important letters of
+Lord Byron were those written to Mr. Murray, which were in his exclusive
+possession. Lord John Russell also was against his writing the Life of
+Byron.
+
+"If you write," he wrote to Moore, "write poetry, or, if you can find a
+good subject, write prose; but do not undertake to write the life of
+another reprobate [referring to Moore's "Life of Sheridan"]. In short,
+do anything but write the life of Lord Byron." [Footnote: Moore's
+Memoirs, v. 51.]
+
+Yet Moore grievously wanted money, and this opportunity presented itself
+to him with irresistible force as a means of adding to his resources. At
+length he became reconciled to Mr. Murray through the intercession of
+Mr. Hobhouse. Moore informed the Longmans of the reconciliation, and, in
+a liberal and considerate manner, they said to him, "Do not let us stand
+in the way of any arrangements you may make; it is our wish to see you
+free from debt; and it would be only in this one work that we should be
+separated." It was in this way that Mr. Moore undertook to write for Mr.
+Murray the Life of Lord Byron. Mr. Murray agreed to repay Moore the
+2,000 guineas he had given for the burned Memoirs and L2,000 extra for
+editing the letters and writing the Life, and Moore in his diary says
+that he considered this offer perfectly liberal. Nothing, he adds, could
+be more frank, gentleman-like, and satisfactory than the manner in which
+this affair had been settled on all sides.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII
+
+SCOTT'S NOVELS--BLACKWOOD AND MURRAY
+
+
+The account of Mr. Murray's dealings with Lord Byron has carried us
+considerably beyond the date at which we left the history of his general
+business transactions, and compels us to go back to the year 1814, when,
+as is related in a previous chapter, he had associated himself with
+William Blackwood as his Edinburgh agent.
+
+Blackwood, like Murray, was anxious to have a share in the business of
+publishing the works of Walter Scott--especially the novels teeming from
+the press by "The Author of 'Waverley.'" Although Constable and the
+Ballantynes were necessarily admitted to the knowledge of their
+authorship, to the world at large they were anonymous, and the author
+still remained unknown. Mr. Murray had, indeed, pointed out to Mr.
+Canning that "Waverley" was by Walter Scott; but Scott himself trailed
+so many red herrings across the path, that publishers as well as the
+public were thrown off the scent, and both Blackwood and Murray
+continued to be at fault with respect to the authorship of the "Waverley
+Novels."
+
+In February 1816 Ballantyne assured Blackwood that in a very few weeks
+he would have something very important to propose. On April 12
+following, Blackwood addressed the following letter to Murray, "most
+strictly confidential"; and it contained important proposals:
+
+_Mr. W. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Some time ago I wrote to you that James Ballantyne had dined with me,
+and from what then passed I expected that I would soon have something
+very important to communicate. He has now fully explained himself to me,
+with liberty to inform you of anything he has communicated. This,
+however, he entreats of us to keep most strictly to ourselves, trusting
+to our honour that we will not breathe a syllable of it to the dearest
+friends we have.
+
+He began by telling me that he thought he had it now in his power to
+show me how sensible he was of the services I had done him, and how
+anxious he was to accomplish that union of interests which I had so long
+been endeavouring to bring about. Till now he had only made professions;
+now he would act. He said that he was empowered to offer me, along with
+you, a work of fiction in four volumes, such as Waverley, etc.; that he
+had read a considerable part of it; and, knowing the plan of the whole,
+he could answer for its being a production of the very first class; but
+that he was not at liberty to mention its title, nor was he at liberty
+to 'give the author's name. I naturally asked him, was it by the author
+of "Waverley"? He said it was to have no reference to any other work
+whatever, and everyone would be at liberty to form their own conjectures
+as to the author. He only requested that, whatever we might suppose from
+anything that might occur afterwards, we should keep strictly to
+ourselves that we were to be the publishers. The terms he was empowered
+by the author to offer for it were:
+
+1. The author to receive one-half of the profits of each edition; these
+profits to be ascertained by deducting the paper and printing from the
+proceeds of the book sold at sale price; the publishers to be at the
+whole of the expense of advertising. 2. The property of the book to be
+the publishers', who were to print such editions as they chose. 3. The
+only condition upon which the author would agree to these terms is, that
+the publisher should take L600 of John Ballantyne's stock, selected from
+the list annexed, deducting 25 per cent, from the affixed sale prices.
+4. If these terms are agreed to, the stock to the above amount to be
+immediately delivered, and a bill granted at twelve months. 5. That in
+the course of six or eight weeks, J.B. expected to be able to put into
+my hands the first two volumes printed, and that if on perusal we did
+not like the bargain, we should be at liberty to give it up. This he
+considered to be most unlikely; but if it should be the case, he would
+bind himself to repay or redeliver the bill on the books being returned.
+6. That the edition, consisting of 2,000 copies, should be printed and
+ready for delivery by the 1st of October next.
+
+I have thus stated to you as nearly as I can the substance of what
+passed. I tried in various ways to learn something with regard to the
+author; but he was quite impenetrable. My own impression now is, that it
+must be Walter Scott, for no one else would think of burdening us with
+such trash as John B.'s wretched stock. This is such a burden, that I am
+puzzled not a little. I endeavoured every way I could to get him to
+propose other terms, but he told me they could not be departed from in a
+single part; and the other works had been taken on the same conditions,
+and he knew they would be greedily accepted again in the same quarter.
+Consider the matter seriously, and write to me as soon as you can. After
+giving it my consideration, and making some calculations. I confess I
+feel inclined to hazard the speculation; but still I feel doubtful until
+I hear what you think of it. Do not let my opinion, which may be
+erroneous, influence you, but judge for yourself. From the very strong
+terms in which Jas. B. spoke of the work, I am sanguine enough to expect
+it will equal if not surpass any of the others. I would not lay so much
+stress upon what he says if I were not assured that his great interest,
+as well as Mr. Scott's, is to stand in the very best way both with you
+and me. They are anxious to get out of the clutches of Constable, and
+Ballantyne is sensible of the favour I have done and may still do him by
+giving so much employment, besides what he may expect from you. From
+Constable he can expect nothing. I had almost forgotten to mention that
+he assured me in the most solemn manner that we had got the first offer,
+and he ardently hoped we would accept of it. If, however, we did not, he
+trusted to our honour that we would say nothing of it; that the author
+of this work would likely write more; and should we not take this, we
+might have it in our power afterwards to do something with him, provided
+we acted with delicacy in the transaction, as he had no doubt we would
+do. I hope you will be able to write to me soon, and as fully as you
+can. If I have time tomorrow, or I should rather say this day, as it is
+now near one o'clock, I will write you about other matters; and if I
+have no letter from you, will perhaps give you another scolding.
+
+Yours most truly,
+
+W. BLACKWOOD.
+
+A long correspondence took place between Blackwood and Murray on
+Ballantyne's proposal. Blackwood was inclined to accept, notwithstanding
+the odd nature of the proposal, in the firm belief that "the heart's
+desire" of Ballantyne was to get rid of Constable. He sent Murray a list
+of Ballantyne's stock, from which the necessary value of books was to be
+selected. It appeared, however, that there was one point on which
+Blackwood had been mistaken, and that was, that the copyright of the new
+novel was not to be absolutely conveyed, and that all that Ballantyne
+meant, or had authority to offer, was an edition, limited to six
+thousand copies, of the proposed work. Although Murray considered it "a
+blind bargain," he was disposed to accept it, as it might lead to
+something better. Blackwood accordingly communicated to Ballantyne that
+he and Murray accepted his offer.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 27, 1816.
+
+"Everything is settled, and on Tuesday Ballantyne is to give a letter
+specifying the whole terms of the transaction. He could not do it
+sooner, he said, as he had to consult the author. This, I think, makes
+it clear that it is Walter Scott, who is at Abbotsford just now. What
+surprised me a good deal was, James Ballantyne told me that his brother
+John had gone out there with Constable, and Godwin (author of 'Caleb
+Williams'), whom Scott was anxious to see. They are really a strange set
+of people.... I am not over fond of all these mysteries, but they are a
+mysterious set of personages, and we must manage with them in the best
+way that we can."
+
+A letter followed from James Ballantyne to Murray (May I, 1816),
+congratulating him upon concluding the bargain through Blackwood, and
+saying:
+
+"I have taken the liberty of drawing upon you at twelve months for L300
+for your share.... It will be a singularly great accommodation if you
+can return the bill in course of post."
+
+Although Ballantyne had promised that the first edition of the proposed
+work should be ready by October 1, 1816, Blackwood found that in June
+the printing of the work had not yet commenced. Ballantyne said he had
+not yet got any part of the manuscript from the author, but that he
+would press him again on the subject. The controversy still continued as
+to the authorship of the Waverley Novels. "For these six months past,"
+wrote Blackwood (June 6, 1816), "there have been various rumours with
+regard to Greenfield being the author of these Novels, but I never paid
+much attention to it; the thing appeared to me so very improbable....
+But from what I have heard lately, and from what you state, I now begin
+to think that Greenfield may probably be the author." On the other hand,
+Mr. Mackenzie called upon Blackwood, and informed him that "he was now
+quite convinced that Thomas Scott, Walter's brother in Canada, writes
+all the novels." The secret, however, was kept for many years longer.
+
+Blackwood became quite provoked at the delay in proceeding with the
+proposed work.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 21, 1816.
+
+"I begin to fear that S.B. and Cy. are a nest of----. There is neither
+faith nor truth in them. In my last letter I mentioned to you that there
+was not the smallest appearance of the work being yet begun, and there
+is as little still. James Ballantyne shifts this off his own shoulders
+by saying that he cannot help it. Now, my own belief is that at the time
+he made such solemn promises to me that the first volume would be in my
+hands in a month, he had not the smallest expectation of this being the
+case; but he knew that he would not have got our bills, which he
+absolutely wanted, without holding this out. It is now seven weeks since
+the bills were granted, and it is five weeks since I gave him the list
+of books which were to be delivered. I have applied to him again and
+again for them, and on Tuesday last his man at length called on me to
+say that John Ballantyne & Co. could not deliver fifty sets of 'Kerr's
+Voyages'--that they had only such quantities of particular odd volumes
+of which he showed me a list."
+
+Blackwood called upon Ballantyne, but he could not see him, and instead
+of returning Blackwood's visit, he sent a note of excuse. Next time they
+met was at Hollingworth's Hotel, after which Ballantyne sent Blackwood a
+letter "begging for a loan of L50 till next week, but not a word of
+business in it." Next time they met was at the same hotel, when the two
+dined with Robert Miller.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+"After dinner I walked home with J.B. Perhaps from the wine he had
+drunk, he was very communicative, and gave me a great deal of very
+curious and interesting private history. Would you believe it, that
+about six weeks ago--at the very time our transaction was going
+on--these worthies, Scott, Ballantyne & Co., concluded a transaction
+with Constable for 10,000 copies of this said 'History of Scotland'
+[which had been promised to Blackwood and Murray] in 4 vols., and
+actually received bills for the profits expected to be realized from
+this large number! Yet, when I put James Ballantyne in mind on Tuesday
+of what he had formally proposed by desire of Mr. Scott, and assured us
+we were positively to get the work, and asked him if there was any truth
+in the rumour I had heard, and even that you had heard, about Mr. Scott
+being about to publish a 'History of Scotland' with his name, and
+further asked him if Mr. Scott was now ready to make any arrangements
+with us about it (for it never occurred to me that he could make
+arrangements with any one else), he solemnly assured me that he knew
+nothing about it! Now, after this, what confidence can we have in
+anything that this man will say or profess! I confess I am sadly
+mortified at my own credulousness. John I always considered as no better
+than a swindler, but James I put some trust and confidence in. You
+judged more accurately, for you always said that 'he was a damned
+cunning fellow!' Well, there is every appearance of your being right;
+but his cunning (as it never does) will not profit him. Within these
+three years I have given him nearly L1,400 for printing, and in return
+have only received empty professions, made, to be sure, in the most
+dramatic manner. Trite as the saying is, honesty is always the best
+policy; and if we live a little longer, we shall see what will be the
+end of all their cunning, never-ending labyrinths of plots and schemes.
+Constable is the proper person for them; set a thief to catch a thief:
+Jonathan Wild will be fully a match for any of the heroes of the
+'Beggar's Opera.' My blood boils when I think of them, and still more
+when I think of my allowing myself so long to keep my eyes shut to what
+I ought to have seen long ago. But the only apology I make to myself is,
+that one does not wish to think so ill of human nature. There is an old
+Scotch proverb, 'He has need o' a lang spoon that sups wi' the De'il,'
+and since we are engaged, let us try if we can partake of the broth
+without scalding ourselves. I still hope that we may; and however much
+my feelings revolt at having any connection in future with them, yet I
+shall endeavour to the best of my power to repress my bile, and to turn
+their own tricks against themselves. One in business must submit to many
+things, and swallow many a bitter pill, when such a man as Walter Scott
+is the object in view. You will see, by this day's Edinburgh papers,
+that the copartnery of John Ballantyne & Co. is formally dissolved.
+Miller told me that, before James Ballantyne could get his wife's
+friends to assent to the marriage, Walter Scott was obliged to grant
+bonds and securities, taking upon himself all the engagements of John
+Ballantyne & Co., as well as of James Ballantyne & Co.; [Footnote:
+Lockhart says, in his "Life of Scott," that "in Feb., 1816, when James
+Ballantyne married, it is clearly proved, by letters in his handwriting,
+that he owed to Scott more than L3,000 of personal debt."] so that, if
+there was any difficulty on their part, he bound himself to fulfil the
+whole. When we consider the large sums of money Walter Scott has got for
+his works, the greater part of which has been thrown into the hands of
+the Ballantynes, and likewise the excellent printing business J.B. has
+had for so many years, it is quite incomprehensible what has become of
+all the money. Miller says, 'It is just a jaw hole which swallows up
+all,' and from what he has heard he does not believe Walter Scott is
+worth anything."
+
+Murray was nevertheless willing to go on until the terms of his bargain
+with Ballantyne were fulfilled, and wrote to Blackwood that he was
+"resolved to swallow the pill, bitter though it was," but he expressed
+his surprise that "Mr. Scott should have allowed his property to be
+squandered as it has been by these people."
+
+Blackwood, however, was in great anxiety about the transaction, fearing
+the result of the engagement which he and Murray had entered into.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_July 2_, 1816.
+
+"This morning I got up between five and six, but instead of sitting down
+to write to you, as I had intended, I mounted my pony and took a long
+ride to collect my thoughts. Sitting, walking, or riding is all the
+same. I feel as much puzzled as ever, and undetermined whether or not to
+cut the Gordian knot. Except my wife, there is not a friend whom I dare
+advise with. I have not once ventured to mention the business at all to
+my brother, on account of the cursed mysteries and injunctions of
+secrecy connected with it. I know he would blame me for ever engaging in
+it, for he has a very small opinion of the Ballantynes. I cannot
+therefore be benefited by his advice. Mrs. Blackwood, though she always
+disliked my having any connection with the Ballantynes, rather thinks we
+should wait a few weeks longer, till we see what is produced. I believe,
+after all, this is the safest course to pursue. I would beg of you,
+however, to think maturely upon the affair, taking into account Mr.
+Scott's usefulness to the _Review_. Take a day or two to consider the
+matter fully, and then give me your best advice.... As to Constable or
+his triumphs, as he will consider them, I perfectly agree with you that
+they are not to be coveted by us, and that they should not give us a
+moment's thought. Thank God, we shall never desire to compass any of our
+ends by underhand practices."
+
+Meanwhile correspondence with Ballantyne about the work of fiction--the
+name of which was still unknown-was still proceeding. Ballantyne said
+that the author "promised to put the first volume in his hands by the
+end of August, and that the whole would be ready for publication by
+Christmas." Blackwood thought this reply was "humbug, as formerly."
+Nevertheless, he was obliged to wait. At last he got the first sight of
+the manuscript.
+
+_Mr. Wm. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 23, 1816. _Midnight_.
+
+"MY DEAR MURRAY,--I have this moment finished the reading of 192 pages
+of our book--for ours it must be,--and I cannot go to bed without
+telling you what is the strong and most favourable impression it has
+made upon me. If the remainder be at all equal--which it cannot fail to
+be, from the genius displayed in what is now before me--we have been
+most fortunate indeed. The title as, TALKS OF MY LANDLORD; _collected
+and reported by Jedediah Cleishbotham, Pariah Clerk and Schoolmaster of
+Gandercleugh_."
+
+Mr. Blackwood then proceeds to give an account of the Introduction, the
+commencement of "The Black Dwarf," the first of the tales, and the
+general nature of the story, to the end of the fourth chapter. His
+letter is of great length, and extends to nine quarto pages. He
+concludes:
+
+"There cannot be a doubt as to the splendid merit of the work. It would
+never have done to have hesitated and higgled about seeing more volumes.
+In the note which accompanied the sheets, Ballantyne says, 'each volume
+contains a Tale,' so there will be four in all. [Footnote: This, the
+original intention, was departed from.] The next relates to the period
+of the Covenanters. I have now neither doubts nor fears with regard to
+the whole being good, and I anxiously hope that you will have as little.
+I am so happy at the fortunate termination of all my pains and
+anxieties, that I cannot be in bad humour with you for not writing me
+two lines in answer to my last letters. I hope I shall hear from you
+to-morrow; but I entreat of you to write me in course of post, as I wish
+to hear from you before I leave this [for London], which I intend to do
+on this day se'nnight by the smack."
+
+At length the principal part of the manuscript of the novel was in the
+press, and, as both the author and the printer were in sore straits for
+money, they became importunate on Blackwood and Murray for payment on
+account. They had taken Ballantyne's "wretched stock" of books, as
+Blackwood styled them, and Lockhart, in his "Life of Scott," infers that
+Murray had consented to anticipate the period of his payments. At all
+events, he finds in a letter of Scott's, written in August, these words
+to John Ballantyne: "Dear John,--I have the pleasure to enclose Murray's
+acceptances. I earnestly recommend you to push, realising as much as you
+can.
+
+"Consider weel, gude mon,
+  We hae but borrowed gear,
+The horse that I ride on,
+  It is John Murray's mear."
+
+Scott was at this time sorely pressed for ready money. He was buying one
+piece of land after another, usually at exorbitant prices, and having
+already increased the estate of Abbotsford from 150 to nearly 1,000
+acres, he was in communication with Mr. Edward Blore as to the erection
+of a dwelling adjacent to the cottage, at a point facing the Tweed. This
+house grew and expanded, until it became the spacious mansion of
+Abbotsford. The Ballantynes also were ravenous for more money; but they
+could get nothing from Blackwood and Murray before the promised work was
+finished.
+
+At last the book was completed, printed, and published on December 1,
+1816; but without the magical words, "by the Author of 'Waverley,'" on
+the title-page. All doubts as to the work being by the author of
+"Waverley," says Lockhart, had worn themselves out before the lapse of a
+week.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Wm. Blackwood_.
+
+_December_ 13, 1816.
+
+"Having now heard every one's opinion about our 'Tales of my Landlord,'
+I feel competent to assure you that it is universally in their favour.
+There is only 'Meg Merrilies' in their way. It is even, I think,
+superior to the other three novels. You may go on printing as many and
+as fast as you can; for we certainly need not stop until we come to the
+end of our, unfortunately, limited 6,000.... My copies are more than
+gone, and if you have any to spare pray send them up instantly."
+
+On the following day Mr. Murray wrote to Mr. Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Scott_.
+
+_December_ 14, 1816.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Although I dare not address you as the author of certain Tales--which,
+however, must be written either by Walter Scott or the devil--yet
+nothing can restrain me from thinking that it is to your influence with
+the author of them that I am indebted for the essential honour of being
+one of their publishers; and I must intrude upon you to offer my most
+hearty thanks, not divided but doubled, alike for my worldly gain
+therein, and for the great acquisition of professional reputation which
+their publication has already procured me. As to delight, I believe I
+could, under any oath that could be proposed, swear that I never
+experienced such great and unmixed pleasure in all my life as the
+reading of this exquisite work has afforded me; and if you witnessed the
+wet eyes and grinning cheeks with which, as the author's chamberlain, I
+receive the unanimous and vehement praise of them from every one who has
+read them, or heard the curses of those whose needs my scanty supply
+would not satisfy, you might judge of the sincerity with which I now
+entreat you to assure the author of the most complete success. After
+this, I could throw all the other books which I have in the press into
+the Thames, for no one will either read them or buy. Lord Holland said,
+when I asked his opinion: "Opinion? we did not one of us go to bed all
+night, and nothing slept but my gout." Frere, Hallam, and Boswell; Lord
+Glenbervie came to me with tears in his eyes. "It is a cordial," he
+said, "which has saved Lady Glenbervie's life." Heber, who found it on
+his table on his arrival from a journey, had no rest till he had read
+it. He has only this moment left me, and he, with many others, agrees
+that it surpasses all the other novels. Wm. Lamb also; Gifford never
+read anything like it, he says; and his estimate of it absolutely
+increases at each recollection of it. Barrow with great difficulty was
+forced to read it; and he said yesterday, "Very good, to be sure, but
+what powerful writing is _thrown away_." Heber says there are only two
+men in the world, Walter Scott and Lord Byron. Between you, you have
+given existence to a third.
+
+Ever your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+This letter did not effectually "draw the badger." Scott replied in the
+following humorous but Jesuitical epistle:
+
+_Mr. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+_December 18, 1816_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I give you hearty joy of the success of the Tales, although I do not
+claim that paternal interest in them which my friends do me the credit
+to assign to me. I assure you I have never read a volume of them till
+they were printed, and can only join with the rest of the world in
+applauding the true and striking portraits which they present of old
+Scottish manners.
+
+I do not expect implicit reliance to be placed on my disavowal, because
+I know very well that he who is disposed not to own a work must
+necessarily deny it, and that otherwise his secret would be at the mercy
+of all who chose to ask the question, since silence in such a case must
+always pass for consent, or rather assent. But I have a mode of
+convincing you that I am perfectly serious in my denial--pretty similar
+to that by which Solomon distinguished the fictitious from the real
+mother--and that is by reviewing the work, which I take to be an
+operation equal to that of quartering the child.... Kind compliments to
+Heber, whom I expected at Abbotsford this summer; also to Mr. Croker and
+all your four o'clock visitors. I am just going to Abbotsford, to make a
+small addition to my premises there. I have now about seven hundred
+acres, thanks to the booksellers and the discerning public.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+The happy chance of securing a review of the Tales by the author of
+"Waverley" himself exceeded Murray's most sanguine expectations, and
+filled him with joy. He suggested that the reviewer, instead of sending
+an article on the Gypsies, as he proposed, should introduce whatever he
+had to say about that picturesque race in his review of the Tales, by
+way of comment on the character of Meg Merrilies. The review was
+written, and appeared in No. 32 of the _Quarterly_, in January 1817, by
+which time the novel had already gone to a third edition. It is curious
+now to look back upon the author reviewing his own work. He adopted
+Murray's view, and besides going over the history of "Waverley," and the
+characters introduced in that novel, he introduced a disquisition about
+Meg Merrilies and the Gypsies, as set forth in his novel of "Guy
+Mannering." He then proceeded to review the "Black Dwarf" and "Old
+Mortality," but with the utmost skill avoided praising them, and rather
+endeavoured to put his friends off the scent by undervaluing them, and
+finding fault. The "Black Dwarf," for example, was full of "violent
+events which are so common in romance, and of such rare occurrence in
+real life." Indeed, he wrote, "the narrative is unusually artificial;
+neither hero nor heroine excites interest of any sort, being just that
+sort of _pattern_ people whom nobody cares a farthing about."
+
+"The other story," he adds, "is of much deeper interest." He describes
+the person who gave the title to the novel--Robert Paterson, of the
+parish of Closeburn, in Dumfriesshire--and introduces a good deal of
+historical knowledge, but takes exception to many of the circumstances
+mentioned in the story, at the same time quoting some of the best
+passages about Cuddie Headrigg and his mother. In respect to the
+influence of Claverhouse and General Dalzell, the reviewer states that
+"the author has cruelly falsified history," and relates the actual
+circumstances in reference to these generals. "We know little," he says,
+"that the author can say for himself to excuse these sophistications,
+and, therefore, may charitably suggest that he was writing a romance,
+and not a history." In conclusion, the reviewer observed, "We intended
+here to conclude this long article, when a strong report reached us of
+certain trans-Atlantic confessions, which, if genuine (though of this we
+know nothing), assign a different author to these volumes than the party
+suspected by our Scottish correspondents. Yet a critic may be excused
+seizing upon the nearest suspicious person, on the principle happily
+expressed by Claverhouse in a letter to the Earl of Linlithgow. He had
+been, it seems, in search of a gifted weaver who used to hold forth at
+conventicles. "I sent to seek the webster (weaver); they brought in his
+_brother_ for him; though he maybe cannot preach like his brother, I
+doubt not but he is as well-principled as he, wherefore I thought it
+would be no great fault to give him the trouble to go to the jail with
+the rest."
+
+Mr. Murray seems to have accepted the suggestion and wrote in January
+1817 to Mr. Blackwood:
+
+"I can assure you, but _in the greatest confidence_, that I have
+discovered the author of all these Novels to be Thomas Scott, Walter
+Scott's brother. He is now in Canada. I have no doubt but that Mr.
+Walter Scott did a great deal to the first 'Waverley Novel,' because of
+his anxiety to serve his brother, and his doubt about the success of the
+work. This accounts for the many stories about it. Many persons had
+previously heard from Mr. Scott, but you may rely on the certainty of
+what I have told you. The whole country is starving for want of a
+complete supply of the 'Tales of my Landlord,' respecting the interest
+and merit of which there continues to be but one sentiment."
+
+A few weeks later Blackwood wrote to Murray:
+
+_January_ 22, 1817.
+
+"It is an odd story here, that Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Scott are the authors
+of all these Novels. I, however, still think, as Mr. Croker said to me
+in one of his letters, that if they were not by Mr. Walter Scott, the
+only alternative is to give them to the devil, as by one or the other
+they must be written."
+
+On the other hand, Bernard Barton wrote to Mr. Murray, and said that he
+had "heard that James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was the author of
+'Tales of my Landlord,' and that he had had intimation from himself to
+that effect," by no means an improbable story considering Hogg's vanity.
+Lady Mackintosh also wrote to Mr. Murray: "Did you hear who this _new_
+author of 'Waverley' and 'Guy Mannering' is? Mrs. Thomas Scott, as Mr.
+Thomas Scott assured Lord Selkirk (who had been in Canada), and his
+lordship, like Lord Monboddo, believes it." Murray again wrote to
+Blackwood (February 15, 1817): "What is your theory as to the author of
+'Harold the Dauntless'? I will believe, till within an inch of my life,
+that the author of 'Tales of my Landlord' is Thomas Scott."
+
+Thus matters remained until a few years later, when George IV. was on
+his memorable visit to Edinburgh. Walter Scott was one of the heroes of
+the occasion, and was the selected cicerone to the King. One day George
+IV., in the sudden and abrupt manner which is peculiar to our Royal
+Family, asked Scott point-blank: "By the way, Scott, are you the author
+of 'Waverley'?" Scott as abruptly answered: "No, Sire!" Having made this
+answer (said Mr. Thomas Mitchell, who communicated the information to
+Mr. Murray some years later), "it is supposed that he considered it a
+matter of honour to keep the secret during the present King's reign. If
+the least personal allusion is made to the subject in Sir Walter's
+presence, Matthews says that his head gently drops upon his breast, and
+that is a signal for the person to desist."
+
+With respect to the first series of the "Tales of my Landlord," so soon
+as the 6,000 copies had been disposed of which the author, through
+Ballantyne, had covenanted as the maximum number to be published by
+Murray and Blackwood, the work reverted to Constable, and was published
+uniformly with the other works by the author of "Waverley."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII
+
+ALLIANCE WITH BLACKWOOD--BLACKWOOD'S "EDINBURGH MAGAZINE"--TERMINATION
+OF PARTNERSHIP
+
+
+We have already seen that Mr. Murray had some correspondence with Thomas
+Campbell in 1806 respecting the establishment of a monthly magazine;
+such an undertaking had long been a favourite scheme of his, and he had
+mentioned the subject to many friends at home as well as abroad. When,
+therefore, Mr. Blackwood started his magazine, Murray was ready to enter
+into his plans, and before long announced to the public that he had
+become joint proprietor and publisher of Blackwood's _Edinburgh
+Magazine_.
+
+There was nothing very striking in the early numbers of the _Magazine_,
+and it does not appear to have obtained a considerable circulation. The
+first editors were Thomas Pringle, who--in conjunction with a
+friend--was the author of a poem entitled "The Institute," and James
+Cleghorn, best known as a contributor to the _Farmers' Magazine_.
+Constable, who was himself the proprietor of the _Scots Magazine_ as
+well as of the _Farmers' Magazine_, desired to keep the monopoly of the
+Scottish monthly periodicals in his own hands, and was greatly opposed
+to the new competitor. At all events, he contrived to draw away from
+Blackwood Pringle and Cleghorn, and to start a new series of the _Scots
+Magazine_ under the title of the _Edinburgh Magazine_. Blackwood
+thereupon changed the name of his periodical to that by which it has
+since been so well known. He undertook the editing himself, but soon
+obtained many able and indefatigable helpers.
+
+There were then two young advocates walking the Parliament House in
+search of briefs. These were John Wilson (Christopher North) and John
+Gibson Lockhart (afterwards editor of the _Quarterly_). Both were
+West-countrymen--Wilson, the son of a wealthy Paisley manufacturer, and
+Lockhart, the son of the minister of Cambusnethan, in Lanarkshire--and
+both had received the best of educations, Wilson, the robust Christian,
+having carried off the Newdigate prize at Oxford, and Lockhart, having
+gained the Snell foundation at Glasgow, was sent to Balliol, and took a
+first class in classics in 1813. These, with Dr. Maginn--under the
+_sobriquet_ of "Morgan O'Dogherty,"--Hogg--the Ettrick Shepherd,--De
+Quincey--the Opium-eater,--Thomas Mitchell, and others, were the
+principal writers in _Blackwood_.
+
+No. 7, the first of the new series, created an unprecedented stir in
+Edinburgh. It came out on October 1, 1817, and sold very rapidly, but
+after 10,000 had been struck off it was suppressed, and could be had
+neither for love nor money. The cause of this sudden attraction was an
+article headed "Translation from an Ancient Chaldee Manuscript,"
+purporting to be an extract from some newly discovered historical
+document, every paragraph of which contained a special hit at some
+particular person well known in Edinburgh society. There was very little
+ill-nature in it; at least, nothing like the amount which it excited in
+those who were, or imagined themselves to be, caricatured in it.
+Constable, the "Crafty," and Pringle and Cleghorn, editors of the
+_Edinburgh Magazine_, as well as Jeffrey, editor of the _Edinburgh
+Review_, came in for their share of burlesque description.
+
+Among the persons delineated in the article were the publisher of
+Blackwood's _Edinburgh Magazine_, whose name "was as it had been, the
+colour of Ebony": indeed the name of Old Ebony long clung to the
+journal. The principal writers of the article were themselves included
+in the caricature. Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, was described as "the
+great wild boar from the forest of Lebanon, and he roused up his spirit,
+and I saw him whetting his dreadful tusks for the battle." Wilson was
+"the beautiful leopard," and Lockhart "the scorpion,"--names which were
+afterwards hurled back at them with interest. Walter Scott was described
+as "the great magician who dwelleth in the old fastness, hard by the
+river Jordan, which is by the Border." Mackenzie, Jameson, Leslie,
+Brewster, Tytler, Alison, M'Crie, Playfair, Lord Murray, the Duncans--in
+fact, all the leading men of Edinburgh were hit off in the same fashion.
+
+Mrs. Garden, in her "Memorials of James Hogg," says that "there is no
+doubt that Hogg wrote the first draft; indeed, part of the original is
+still in the possession of the family.... Some of the more irreverent
+passages were not his, or were at all events largely added to by others
+before publication." [Footnote: Mrs. Garden's "Memorials of James Hogg,"
+p. 107.] In a recent number of _Blackwood_ it is said that:
+
+"Hogg's name is nearly associated with the Chaldee Manuscript. Of course
+he claimed credit for having written the skit, and undoubtedly he
+originated the idea. The rough draft came from his pen, and we cannot
+speak with certainty as to how it was subsequently manipulated. But
+there is every reason to believe that Wilson and Lockhart, probably
+assisted by Sir William Hamilton, went to work upon it, and so altered
+it that Hogg's original offspring was changed out of all knowledge."
+[Footnote: _Blackwood's Magazine_, September 1882, pp. 368-9.]
+
+The whole article was probably intended as a harmless joke; and the
+persons indicated, had they been wise, might have joined in the laugh or
+treated the matter with indifference. On the contrary, however, they
+felt profoundly indignant, and some of them commenced actions in the
+Court of Session for the injuries done to their reputation.
+
+The same number of _Blackwood_ which contained the "Translation from an
+Ancient Chaldee Manuscript," contained two articles, one probably by
+Wilson, on Coleridge's "Biographia Literaria," the other, signed "Z," by
+Lockhart, being the first of a series on "The Cockney School of Poetry."
+They were both clever, but abusive, and exceedingly personal in their
+allusions.
+
+Murray expostulated with Blackwood on the personality of the articles.
+He feared lest they should be damaging to the permanent success of the
+journal. Blackwood replied in a long letter, saying that the journal was
+prospering, and that it was only Constable and his myrmidons who were
+opposed to it, chiefly because of its success.
+
+In August 1818, Murray paid L1,000 for a half share in the magazine,
+and from this time he took a deep and active interest in its progress,
+advising Blackwood as to its management, and urging him to introduce
+more foreign literary news, as well as more scientific information. He
+did not like the idea of two editors, who seem to have taken the
+management into their own hands.
+
+Subsequent numbers of _Blackwood_ contained other reviews of "The
+Cockney School of Poetry": Leigh Hunt, "the King of the Cockneys," was
+attacked in May, and in August it was the poet Keats who came under the
+critic's lash, four months after Croker's famous review of "Endymion" in
+the _Quarterly_. [Footnote: It was said that Keats was killed by this
+brief notice, of four pages, in the _Quarterly_; and Byron, in his "Don
+Juan," gave credit to this statement:
+
+     "Poor Keats, who was killed off by one critique,
+        Just as he really promised something great,...
+      'Tis strange, the mind, that very fiery particle,
+      Should let itself be snuffed out by an article."
+
+Leigh Hunt, one of Keats' warmest friends, when in Italy, told Lord
+Byron (as he relates in his Autobiography) the real state of the case,
+proving to him that the supposition of Keats' death being the result of
+the review was a mistake, and therefore, if printed, would be a
+misrepresentation. But the stroke of wit was not to be given up. Either
+Mr. Gifford, or "the poet-priest Milman," has generally, but
+erroneously, been blamed for being the author of the review in the
+_Quarterly_, which, as is now well known, was written by Mr. Croker.]
+
+The same number of _Blackwood_ contained a short article about
+Hazlitt--elsewhere styled "pimpled Hazlitt." It was very short, and
+entitled "Hazlitt cross-questioned." Hazlitt considered the article full
+of abuse, and commenced an action for libel against the proprietors of
+the magazine. Upon this Blackwood sent Hazlitt's threatening letter to
+Murray, with his remarks:
+
+_Mr. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1818.
+
+"I suppose this fellow merely means to make a little bluster, and try if
+he can pick up a little money. There is nothing whatever actionable in
+the paper.... The article on Hazlitt, which will commence next number,
+will be a most powerful one, and this business will not deprive it of
+any of its edge."
+
+_September_ 25, 1818.
+
+"What are people saying about that fellow Hazlitt attempting to
+prosecute? There was a rascally paragraph in the _Times_ of Friday last
+mentioning the prosecution, and saying the magazine was a work filled
+with private slander. My friends laugh at the idea of his prosecution."
+
+Mr. Murray, however, became increasingly dissatisfied with this state of
+things; he never sympathised with the slashing criticisms of
+_Blackwood_, and strongly disapproved of the personalities, an opinion
+which was shared by most of his literary friends. At the same time his
+name was on the title-page of the magazine, and he was jointly
+responsible with Blackwood for the articles which appeared there.
+
+In a long letter dated September 28, 1818, Mr. Murray deprecated the
+personality of the articles in the magazine, and entreated that they be
+kept out. If not, he begged that Blackwood would omit his name from the
+title-page of the work.
+
+A long correspondence took place during the month of October between
+Murray and Blackwood: the former continuing to declaim against the
+personality of the articles; the latter averring that there was nothing
+of the sort in the magazine. If Blackwood would only keep out these
+personal attacks, Murray would take care to send him articles by Mr.
+Frere, Mr. Barrow, and others, which would enhance the popularity and
+respectability of the publication.
+
+In October of this year was published an anonymous pamphlet, entitled
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled," which raked up the whole of the joke contained in
+the "Translation from an Ancient Chaldee Manuscript," published a year
+before. The number containing it had, as we have already seen, been
+suppressed, because of the offence it had given to many persons of
+celebrity, while the general tone of bitterness and personality had been
+subsequently modified, if not abandoned. Murray assured Blackwood that
+his number for October 1818 was one of the best he had ever read, and he
+desired him to "offer to his friends his very best thanks and
+congratulations upon the production of so admirable a number." "With
+this number," he said, "you have given me a fulcrum upon which I will
+move heaven and earth to get subscribers and contributors." Indeed,
+several of the contributions in this surpassingly excellent number had
+been sent to the Edinburgh publisher through the instrumentality of
+Murray himself.
+
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled" was a lampoon of a scurrilous and commonplace
+character, in which the leading contributors to and the publishers of
+the magazine were violently attacked. Both Murray and Blackwood, who
+were abused openly, by name, resolved to take no notice of it; but
+Lockhart and Wilson, who were mentioned under the thin disguise of "the
+Scorpion" and "the Leopard," were so nettled by the remarks on
+themselves, that they, in October 1818, both sent challenges to the
+anonymous author, through the publisher of the pamphlet. This most
+injudicious step only increased their discomfiture, as the unknown
+writer not only refused to proclaim his identity, but published and
+circulated the challenges, together with a further attack on Lockhart
+and Wilson.
+
+This foolish disclosure caused bitter vexation to Murray, who wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Blackwood_.
+
+_October_ 27, 1818.
+
+My DEAR BLACKWOOD,
+
+I really can recollect no parallel to the palpable absurdity of your two
+friends. If they had planned the most complete triumph to their
+adversaries, nothing could have been so successfully effective. They
+have actually given up their names, as the authors of the offences
+charged upon them, by implication only, in the pamphlet. How they could
+possibly conceive that the writer of the pamphlet would be such an idiot
+as to quit his stronghold of concealment, and allow his head to be
+chopped off by exposure, I am at a loss to conceive....
+
+I declare to God that had I known what I had so incautiously engaged in,
+I would not have undertaken what I have done, or have suffered what I
+have in my feelings and character--which no man had hitherto the
+slightest cause for assailing--I would not have done so for any sum....
+
+In answer to these remonstrances Blackwood begged him to dismiss the
+matter from his mind, to preserve silence, and to do all that was
+possible to increase the popularity of the magazine. The next number,
+he said, would be excellent and unexceptionable; and it proved to be so.
+
+The difficulty, however, was not yet over. While the principal editors
+of the Chaldee Manuscript had thus revealed themselves to the author of
+"Hypocrisy Unveiled," the London publisher of _Blackwood_ was, in
+November 1818, assailed by a biting pamphlet, entitled "A Letter to Mr.
+John Murray, of Albemarle Street, occasioned by his having undertaken
+the publication, in London, of _Blackwood's Magazine_." "The curse of
+his respectability," he was told, had brought the letter upon him. "Your
+name stands among the very highest in the department of Literature which
+has fallen to your lot: the eminent persons who have confided in you,
+and the works you have given to the world, have conduced to your
+establishment in the public favour; while your liberality, your
+impartiality, and your private motives, bear testimony to the justice of
+your claims to that honourable distinction."
+
+Other criticisms of the same kind reached Mr. Murray's ear. Moore, in
+his Diary (November 4, 1818), writes: "Received two most civil and
+anxious letters from the great 'Bibliopola Tryphon' Murray, expressing
+his regret at the article in _Blackwood_, and his resolution to give up
+all concern in it if it contained any more such personalities."
+[Footnote: "Memoirs, Journal, and Correspondence of Thomas Moore," ii.
+210. By Lord John Russell.]
+
+Finally the Hazlitt action was settled. Blackwood gave to Murray the
+following account of the matter:
+
+_December_ 16, 1818.
+
+"I have had two letters from Mr. Patmore, informing me that Mr. Hazlitt
+was to drop the prosecution. His agent has since applied to mine
+offering to do this, if the expenses and a small sum for some charity
+were paid. My agent told him he would certainly advise any client of his
+to get out of court, but that he would never advise me to pay anything
+to be made a talk of, as a sum for a charity would be. He would advise
+me, he said, to pay the expenses, and a trifle to Hazlitt himself
+privately. Hazlitt's agent agreed to this." [Footnote: I have not been
+able to discover what sum, if any, was paid to Hazlitt privately.]
+
+Notwithstanding promises of amendment, Murray still complained of the
+personalities, and of the way in which the magazine was edited. He also
+objected to the "echo of the _Edinburgh Review's_ abuse of Sharon
+Turner. It was sufficient to give pain to me, and to my most valued
+friend. There was another ungentlemanly and uncalled-for thrust at
+Thomas Moore. That just makes so many more enemies, unnecessarily; and
+you not only deprive me of the communications of my friends, but you
+positively provoke them to go over to your adversary."
+
+It seemed impossible to exercise any control over the editors, and
+Murray had no alternative left but to expostulate, and if his
+expostulations were unheeded, to retire from the magazine. The last
+course was that which he eventually decided to adopt, and the end of the
+partnership in _Blackwood's Magazine_, which had long been anticipated,
+at length arrived. Murray's name appeared for the last time on No. 22,
+for January 1819; the following number bore no London publisher's name;
+but on the number for March the names of T. Cadell and W. Davies were
+advertised as the London agents for the magazine.
+
+On December 17, 1819, L1,000 were remitted to Mr. Murray in payment of
+the sum which he had originally advanced to purchase his share, and his
+connection with _Blackwood's Magazine_ finally ceased. He thereupon
+transferred his agency for Scotland to Messrs. Oliver & Boyd, with whose
+firm it has ever since remained. The friendly correspondence between
+Murray and Blackwood nevertheless continued, as they were jointly
+interested in several works of importance.
+
+In the course of the following year, "Christopher North" made the
+following statement in _Blackwood's Magazine_ in "An Hour's Tete-a-tete
+with the Public":
+
+"The Chaldee Manuscript, which appeared in our seventh number, gave us
+both a lift and a shove. Nothing else was talked of for a long while;
+and after 10,000 copies had been sold, it became a very great rarity,
+quite a desideratum.... The sale of the _Quarterly_ is about 14,000, of
+the _Edinburgh_ upwards of 7,000.... It is not our intention, at
+present, to suffer our sale to go beyond 17,000.... Mr. Murray, under
+whose auspices our _magnum opus_ issued for a few months from Albemarle
+Street, began to suspect that we might be eclipsing the _Quarterly
+Review_. No such eclipse had been foretold; and Mr. Murray, being no
+great astronomer, was at a loss to know whether, in the darkness that
+was but too visible, we were eclipsing the _Quarterly_, or the
+_Quarterly_ eclipsing us. We accordingly took our pen, and erased his
+name from our title-page, and he was once more happy. Under our present
+publishers we carry everything before us in London."
+
+Mr. Murray took no notice of this statement, preferring, without any
+more words, to be quit of his bargain.
+
+It need scarcely be added that when Mr. Blackwood had got his critics
+and contributors well in hand--when his journal had passed its frisky
+and juvenile life of fun and frolic--when the personalities had ceased
+to appear in its columns, and it had reached the years of judgment and
+discretion--and especially when its principal editor, Mr. John Wilson
+(Christopher North), had been appointed to the distinguished position of
+Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh--the
+journal took that high rank in periodical literature which it has ever
+since maintained.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX
+
+WORKS PUBLISHED IN 1817-18--CORRESPONDENCE, ETC.--
+
+
+Scott was now beginning to suffer from the terrible mental and bodily
+strain to which he had subjected himself, and was shortly after seized
+with the illness to which reference has been made in a previous chapter,
+and which disabled him for some time. Blackwood informed Murray (March
+7, 1817) that Mr. Scott "has been most dangerously ill, with violent
+pain arising from spasmodic action in the stomach; but he is gradually
+getting better."
+
+For some time he remained in a state of exhaustion, unable either to
+stir for weakness and giddiness; or to read, for dazzling in his eyes;
+or to listen, for a whizzing sound in his ears--all indications of too
+much brain-work and mental worry. Yet, as soon as he was able to resume
+his labours, we find him characteristically employed in helping his
+poorer friends.
+
+_Mr. Blackwood to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 28, 1817.
+
+"Mr. Scott and some of his friends, in order to raise a sum of money to
+make the poor Shepherd comfortable, have projected a fourth edition of
+"The Queen's Wake," with a few plates, to be published by subscription.
+We have inserted your name, as we have no doubt of your doing everything
+you can for the poor poet. The advertisement, which is excellent, is
+written by Mr. Scott."
+
+Hogg was tempted by the Duke of Buccleuch's gift of a farm on Eltrive
+Lake to build himself a house, as Scott was doing, and applied to Murray
+for a loan of L50, which was granted. In acknowledging the receipt of
+the money he wrote:
+
+_Mr. James Hogg to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 11, 1818.
+
+.... I am told Gifford has a hard prejudice against me, but I cannot
+believe it. I do not see how any man can have a prejudice against me. He
+may, indeed, consider me an intruder in the walks of literature, but I
+am only a saunterer, and malign nobody who chooses to let me pass.... I
+was going to say before, but forgot, and said quite another thing, that
+if Mr. Gifford would point out any light work for me to review for him,
+I'll bet a MS. poem with him that I'll write it better than he expects.
+
+Yours ever most sincerely,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+As Scott still remained the Great Unknown, Murray's correspondence with
+him related principally to his articles in the _Quarterly_, to which he
+continued an occasional contributor. Murray suggested to him the
+subjects of articles, and also requested him to beat up for a few more
+contributors. He wanted an article on the Gypsies, and if Scott could
+not muster time to do it, he hoped that Mr. Erskine might be persuaded
+to favour him with an essay.
+
+Scott, however, in the midst of pain and distress, was now busy with his
+"Rob Roy," which was issued towards the end of the year.
+
+A short interruption of his correspondence with Murray occurred--Scott
+being busy in getting the long buried and almost forgotten "Regalia of
+Scotland" exposed to light; he was also busy with one of his best
+novels, the "Heart of Midlothian." Murray, knowing nothing of these
+things, again endeavoured to induce him to renew his correspondence,
+especially his articles for the _Review_. In response Scott contributed
+articles on Kirkton's "History of the Church of Scotland," on Military
+Bridges, and on Lord Orford's Memoirs.
+
+Towards the end of the year, Mr. Murray paid a visit to Edinburgh on
+business, and after seeing Mr. Blackwood, made his way southward, to pay
+his promised visit to Walter Scott at Abbotsford, an account of which
+has already been given in the correspondence with Lord Byron.
+
+James Hogg, who was present at the meeting of Scott and Murray at
+Abbotsford, wrote to Murray as follows:
+
+_James Hogg to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _February_ 20, 1819.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived here the day before yesterday for my spring campaign in
+literature, drinking whiskey, etc., and as I have not heard a word of
+you or from you since we parted on the top of the hill above Abbotsford,
+I dedicate my first letter from the metropolis to you. And first of all,
+I was rather disappointed in getting so little cracking with you at that
+time. Scott and you had so much and so many people to converse about,
+whom nobody knew anything of but yourselves, that you two got all to
+say, and some of us great men, who deem we know everything at home,
+found that we knew nothing. You did not even tell me what conditions you
+were going to give me for my "Jacobite Relics of Scotland," the first
+part of which will make its appearance this spring, and I think bids
+fair to be popular....
+
+Believe me, yours very faithfully,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+After the discontinuance of Murray's business connection with Blackwood,
+described in the preceding chapter, James Hogg wrote in great
+consternation:
+
+_Mr. James Hogg to John Murray_,
+
+ELTRIVE, by SELKIRK, _December_ 9, 1829.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+By a letter from Blackwood to-day, I have the disagreeable intelligence
+that circumstances have occurred which I fear will deprive me of you as
+a publisher--I hope never as a friend; for I here attest, though I have
+heard some bitter things against you, that I never met with any man
+whatever who, on so slight an acquaintance, has behaved to me so much
+like a gentleman. Blackwood asks to transfer your shares of my trifling
+works to his new agents. I answered, "Never! without your permission."
+As the "Jacobite Relics" are not yet published, and as they would only
+involve you further with one with whom you are going to close accounts,
+I gave him liberty to transfer the shares you were to have in them to
+Messrs. Cadell & Davies. But when I consider your handsome subscription
+for "The Queen's Wake," if you have the slightest inclination to retain
+your shares of that work and "The Brownie," as your name is on them,
+_along with Blackwood_, I would much rather, not only from affection,
+but interest, that you should continue to dispose of them.
+
+I know these books are of no avail to you; and that if you retain them,
+it will be on the same principle that you published them, namely, one of
+friendship for your humble poetical countryman. I'll never forget your
+kindness; for I cannot think that I am tainted with the general vice of
+authors' _ingratitude_; and the first house that I call at in London
+will be the one in Albemarle Street.
+
+I remain, ever yours most truly,
+
+JAMES HOGG.
+
+Murray did not cease to sell the Shepherd's works, and made arrangements
+with Blackwood to continue his agency for them, and to account for the
+sales in the usual way.
+
+The name of Robert Owen is but little remembered now, but at the early
+part of the century he attained some notoriety from his endeavours to
+reform society. He was manager of the Lanark Cotton Mills, but in 1825
+he emigrated to America, and bought land on the Wabash whereon to start
+a model colony, called New Harmony. This enterprise failed, and he
+returned to England in 1827. The following letter is in answer to his
+expressed intention of adding Mr. Murray's name to the title-page of the
+second edition of his "New View of Society."
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Robert Owen_.
+
+_September_ 9, 1817.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As it is totally inconsistent with my plans to allow my name to be
+associated with any subject of so much political notoriety and debate as
+your New System of Society, I trust that you will not consider it as any
+diminution of personal regard if I request the favour of you to cause my
+name to be immediately struck out from every sort of advertisement that
+is likely to appear upon this subject. I trust that a moment's
+reflection will convince which I understand you talked of sending to my
+house. I beg leave again to repeat that I retain the same sentiments of
+personal esteem, and that I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Among the would-be poets was a young Quaker gentleman of
+Stockton-on-Tees who sent Mr. Murray a batch of poems. The publisher
+wrote an answer to his letter, which fell into the hands of the poet's
+father, who bore the same name as his son. The father answered:
+
+_Mr. Proctor to Mr. Murray_.
+
+ESTEEMED FRIEND,
+
+I feel very much obliged by thy refusing to _publish_ the papers sent
+thee by my son. I was entirely ignorant of anything of the kind, or
+should have nipt it in the bud. On receipt of this, please burn the
+whole that was sent thee, and at thy convenience inform me that it has
+been done. With thanks for thy highly commendable care.
+
+I am respectfully, thy friend,
+
+JOHN PROCTOR.
+
+The number of persons who desired to publish poetry was surprising, even
+Sharon Turner, Murray's solicitor, whose valuable historical works had
+been published by the Longmans, wrote to him about the publication of
+poems, which he had written "to idle away the evenings as well as he
+could." Murray answered his letter:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Sharon Turner_.
+
+_November_ 17, 1817.
+
+I do not think it would be creditable to your name, or advantageous to
+your more important works, that the present one should proceed from a
+different publisher. Many might fancy that Longman had declined it.
+Longman might suspect me of interference; and thus, in the uncertainty
+of acting with propriety myself, I should have little hope of giving
+satisfaction to you. I therefore refer the matter to your own feelings
+and consideration. It has afforded me great pleasure to learn frequently
+of late that you are so much better. I hope during the winter, if we
+have any, to send you many amusing books to shorten the tediousness of
+time, and charm away your indisposition. Mrs. Murray is still up and
+well, and desires me to send her best compliments to you and Mrs.
+Turner.
+
+Ever yours faithfully,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Turner thanked Mr. Murray for his letter, and said that if he
+proceeded with his intentions he would adopt his advice. "I have always
+found Longman very kind and honourable, but I will not offer him now
+what you think it right to decline."
+
+During Gifford's now almost incessant attacks of illness, Mr. Croker
+took charge of the _Quarterly Review_. The following letter embodies
+some of his ideas as to editing:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+BRIGHTON, _March_ 29, 1823.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+As I shall not be in Town in time to see you to-morrow, I send you some
+papers. I return the _Poor_ article [Footnote: "On the Poor Laws," by
+Mr. Gleig.] with its additions. Let the author's amendments be attended
+to, and let his termination be inserted _between_ his former conclusion
+and that which I have written. It is a good article, not overdone and
+yet not dull. I return, to be set up, the article [by Captain Procter]
+on Southey's "Peninsular War." It is very bad--a mere _abstracted
+history of the war itself_, and not in the least a _review of the book_.
+I have taken pains to remove some part of this error, but you must feel
+how impossible it is to change the whole frame of such an article. A
+touch thrown in here and there will give some relief, and the character
+of a _review_ will be in some small degree preserved. This cursed system
+of writing dissertations will be the death of us, and if I were to edit
+another number, I should make a great alteration in that particular. But
+for this time I must be satisfied with plastering up what I have not
+time to rebuild. One thing I would do immediately if I were you. I would
+pay for articles of _one_ sheet as much as for articles of two and
+three, and, in fact, I would _scarcely_ permit an article to exceed one
+sheet. I would reserve such extension for matters of great and immediate
+interest and importance. I am delighted that W. [Footnote: Probably
+Blanco White.] undertakes one, he will do it well; but remember the
+necessity of _absolute secrecy_ on this point, and indeed on all others.
+If you were to publish such names as Cohen and Croker and Collinson and
+Coleridge, the magical WE would have little effect, and your _Review_
+would be absolutely despised--_omne ignotum pro mirifico_. I suppose I
+shall see you about twelve on Tuesday. Could you not get me a gay light
+article or two? If I am to _edit_ for you, I cannot find time to
+_contribute_. Madame Campan's poem will more than expend my leisure. I
+came here for a little recreation, and I am all day at the desk as if I
+were at the Admiralty. This Peninsular article has cost me two days'
+hard work, and is, after all, not worth the trouble; but we must have
+something about it, and it is, I suppose, too late to expect anything
+better. Mr. Williams's article on Sir W. Scott [Lord Stowell] is
+contemptible, and would expose your _Review_ to the ridicule of the
+whole bar; but it may be made something of, and I like the subject. I
+had a long and amusing talk with the Chancellor the night before last,
+on his own and his brother's judgments; I wish I had time to embody our
+conversation in an article.
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+Southey is _very_ long, but as good as he is long--I have nearly done
+with him. I write _very slowly_, and cannot write long. This letter is
+written at three sittings.
+
+No sooner had Croker got No. 56 of the _Review_ out of his hands than he
+made a short visit to Paris. On this Mr. Barrow writes to Murray;
+
+_Mr. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 2, 1823.
+
+"Croker has run away to Paris, and left poor Gifford helpless. What will
+become of the _Quarterly?_ ... Poor Gifford told me yesterday that he
+felt he _must_ give up the Editorship, and that the doctors had
+_ordered_ him to do so."
+
+Some months later, Barrow wrote to Murray saying that he had seen
+Gifford that morning:
+
+_Mr. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_August_ 18, 1823.
+
+"I told him to look out for some one to conduct the _Review_, but he
+comes to no decision. I told him that you very naturally looked to him
+for naming a proper person. He replied he had--Nassau Senior--but that
+you had taken some dislike to him. [Footnote: This, so far as can be
+ascertained, was a groundless assumption on Mr. Gifford's part.] I then
+said, 'You are now well; go on, and let neither Murray nor you trouble
+yourselves about a future editor yet; for should you even break down in
+the midst of a number, I can only repeat that Croker and myself will
+bring it round, and a second number if necessary, to give him time to
+look out for and fix upon a proper person, but that the work should not
+stop.' I saw he did not like to continue the subject, and we talked of
+something else."
+
+Croker also was quite willing to enter into this scheme, and jointly
+with Barrow to undertake the temporary conduct of the _Review_. They
+received much assistance also from Mr. J.T. Coleridge, then a young
+barrister. Mr. Coleridge, as will be noticed presently, became for a
+time editor of the _Quarterly_. "Mr. C. is too long," Gifford wrote to
+Murray, "and I am sorry for it. But he is a nice young man, and should
+be encouraged."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX
+
+HALLAM BASIL HALL--CRABBE--HOPE--HORACE AND JAMES SMITH
+
+
+In 1817 Mr. Murray published for Mr. Hallam his "View of the State of
+Europe during the Middle Ages." The acquaintance thus formed led to a
+close friendship, which lasted unbroken till Mr. Murray's death.
+
+Mr. Murray published at this time a variety of books of travel. Some of
+these were sent to the Marquess of Abercorn--amongst them Mr.
+(afterwards Sir) Henry Ellis's "Proceedings of Lord Amherst's Embassy to
+China," [Footnote: "Journal of the Proceedings of the late Embassy to
+China, comprising a Correct Narrative of the Public Transactions of the
+Embassy, of the Voyage to and from China, and of the Journey from the
+Mouth of the Peiho to the Return to Canton." By Henry Ellis, Esq.,
+Secretary of the Embassy, and Third Commissioner.] about which the
+Marchioness, at her husband's request, wrote to the publisher as
+follows:
+
+_Marchioness of Abercorn to John Murray_,
+
+_December_ 4, 1817.
+
+"He returns Walpole, as he says since the age of fifteen he has read so
+much Grecian history and antiquity that he has these last ten years been
+sick of the subject. He does not like Ellis's account of 'The Embassy to
+China,' [Footnote: Ellis seems to have been made very uncomfortable by
+the publication of his book. It was severely reviewed in the _Times_,
+where it was said that the account (then in the press) by Clark Abel,
+M.D., Principal Medical Officer and Naturalist to the Embassy, would be
+greatly superior. On this Ellis wrote to Murray (October 19, 1817): "An
+individual has seldom committed an act so detrimental to his interests
+as I have done in this unfortunate publication; and I shall be too happy
+when the lapse of time will allow of my utterly forgetting the
+occurrence. I am already indifferent to literary criticism, and had
+almost forgotten Abel's approaching competition." The work went through
+two editions.] but is pleased with Macleod's [Footnote: "Narrative of a
+Voyage in His Majesty's late ship _Alceste_ to the Yellow Sea, along the
+Coast of Corea, and through its numerous hitherto undiscovered Islands
+to the Island of Lewchew, with an Account of her Shipwreck in the
+Straits of Gaspar." By John MacLeod, surgeon of the _Alceste_.]
+narrative. He bids me tell you to say the best and what is least
+obnoxious of the [former] book. The composition and the narrative are so
+thoroughly wretched that he should be ashamed to let it stand in his
+library. He will be obliged to you to send him Leyden's 'Africa.' Leyden
+was a friend of his, and desired leave to dedicate to him while he
+lived."
+
+Mr. Murray, in his reply, deprecated the severity of the Marquess of
+Abercorn's criticism on the work of Sir H. Ellis, who had done the best
+that he could on a subject of exceeding interest.
+
+_John Murray to Lady Abercorn_.
+
+"I am now printing Captain Hall's account (he commanded the _Lyra_), and
+I will venture to assure your Ladyship that it is one of the most
+delightful books I ever read, and it is calculated to heal the wound
+inflicted by poor Ellis. I believe I desired my people to send you
+Godwin's novel, which is execrably bad. But in most cases book readers
+must balance novelty against disappointment.
+
+And in reply to a request for more books to replace those condemned or
+dull, he asks dryly:
+
+"Shall I withhold 'Rob Roy' and 'Childe Harold' from your ladyship until
+their merits have been ascertained? Even if an indifferent book, it is
+something to be amongst the first to _say_ that it is bad. You will be
+alarmed, I fear, at having provoked so many reasons for sending you dull
+publications.... I am printing two short but very clever novels by poor
+Miss Austen, the author of 'Pride and Prejudice.' I send Leyden's
+'Africa' for Lord Abercorn, who will be glad to hear that the 'Life and
+Posthumous Writings' will be ready soon."
+
+The Marchioness, in her answer to the above letter, thanked Mr. Murray
+for his entertaining answer to her letter, and said:
+
+_Marchioness of Abercorn to John Murray_.
+
+"Lord Abercorn says he thinks your conduct with respect to sending books
+back that he does not like is particularly liberal. He bids me tell you
+how very much he likes Mr. Macleod's book; we had seen some of it in
+manuscript before it was published. We are very anxious for Hall's
+account, and I trust you will send it to us the moment you can get a
+copy finished.
+
+"No, indeed! you must not (though desirous you may be to punish us for
+the severity of the criticism on poor Ellis) keep back for a moment 'Rob
+Roy' or the fourth canto of 'Childe Harold.' I have heard a good deal
+from Scotland that makes me continue _surmising_ who is the author of
+these novels. Our friend Walter paid a visit last summer to a gentleman
+on the banks of Loch Lomond--the scene of Rob Roy's exploits--and was at
+great pains to learn all the traditions of the country regarding him
+from the clergyman and old people of the neighbourhood, of which he got
+a considerable stock. I am very glad to hear of a 'Life of Leyden.' He
+was a very surprising young man, and his death is a great loss to the
+world. Pray send us Miss Austen's novels the moment you can. Lord
+Abercorn thinks them next to W. Scott's (if they are by W. Scott); it is
+a great pity that we shall have no more of hers. Who are the _Quarterly
+Reviewers_? I hear that Lady Morgan suspects Mr. Croker of having
+reviewed her 'France,' and intends to be revenged, etc.
+
+"Believe me to be yours, with great regard,
+
+"A.J. ABERCORN."
+
+From many communications addressed to Mr. Murray about the beginning of
+1818, it appears that he had proposed to start a _Monthly Register_,
+[Footnote: The announcement ran thus: "On the third Saturday in January,
+1818, will be published the first number of a NEW PERIODICAL JOURNAL,
+the object of which will be to convey to the public a great variety of
+new, original, and interesting matter; and by a methodical arrangement
+of all Inventions in the Arts, Discoveries in the Sciences, and
+Novelties in Literature, to enable the reader to keep pace with human
+knowledge. To be printed uniformly with the QUARTERLY REVIEW. The price
+by the year will be L2 2s."] and he set up in print a specimen copy.
+Many of his correspondents offered to assist him, amongst others Mr. J.
+Macculloch, Lord Sheffield, Dr. Polidori, then settled at St. Peter's,
+Norwich, Mr. Bulmer of the British Museum, and many other contributors.
+He sent copies of the specimen number to Mr. Croker and received the
+following candid reply:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 11, 1818.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Our friend Sepping [Footnote: A naval surveyor.] says, "Nothing is
+stronger than its weakest part," and this is as true in book-making as
+in shipbuilding. I am sorry to say your _Register_ has, in my opinion, a
+great many weak parts. It is for nobody's use; it is too popular and
+trivial for the learned, and too abstruse and plodding for the
+multitude. The preface is not English, nor yet Scotch or Irish. It must
+have been written by Lady Morgan. In the body of the volume, there is
+not _one_ new nor curious article, unless it be Lady Hood's "Tiger
+Hunt." In your Mechanics there is a miserable want of information, and
+in your Statistics there is a sad superabundance of American hyperbole
+and dulness mixed together, like the mud and gunpowder which, when a
+boy, I used to mix together to make a fizz. Your Poetry is so bad that I
+look upon it as your personal kindness to me that you did not put my
+lines under that head. Your criticism on Painting begins by calling
+West's very pale horse "an extraordinary effort of human _genius_." Your
+criticism on Sculpture begins by applauding _beforehand_ Mr. Wyatt's
+_impudent_ cenotaph. Your criticism on the Theatre begins by
+_denouncing_ the best production of its kind, 'The Beggar's Opera.' Your
+article on Engraving puts under the head of Italy a stone drawing made
+in Paris. Your own engraving of the Polar Regions is confused and dirty;
+and your article on the Polar Seas sets out with the assertion of a fact
+of which I was profoundly ignorant, namely, that the Physical
+Constitution of the Globe is subject to _constant changes_ and
+revolution. Of _constant changes_ I never heard, except in one of
+Congreve's plays, in which the fair sex is accused of _constant
+inconstancy_; but suppose that for _constant_ you read _frequent_. I
+should wish you, for my own particular information, to add in a note a
+few instances of the Physical Changes in the Constitution of the Globe,
+which have occurred since the year 1781, in which I happened to be born.
+I know of none, and I should be sorry to go out of the world ignorant of
+what has passed in my own time. You send me your proof "for my boldest
+criticism." I have hurried over rather than read through the pages, and
+I give you honestly, and as plainly as an infamous pen (the same, I
+presume, which drew your polar chart) will permit, my hasty impression.
+If you will call here to-morrow between twelve and one, I will talk with
+you on the subject.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+The project was eventually abandoned. Murray entered into the
+arrangement, already described, with Blackwood, of the _Edinburgh
+Magazine_. The article on the "Polar Ice" was inserted in the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+Towards the end of 1818, Mr. Crabbe called upon Mr. Murray and offered
+to publish through him his "Tales of the Hall," consisting of about
+twelve thousand lines. He also proposed to transfer to him from Mr.
+Colburn his other poems, so that the whole might be printed uniformly.
+Mr. Crabbe, who up to this period had received very little for his
+writings, was surprised when Mr. Murray offered him no less than L3,000
+for the copyright of his poems. It seemed to him a mine of wealth
+compared to all that he had yet received. The following morning
+(December 6) he breakfasted with Mr. Rogers, and Tom Moore was present.
+Crabbe told them of his good fortune, and of the magnificent offer he
+had received. Rogers thought it was not enough, and that Crabbe should
+have received L3,000 for the "Tales of the Hall" alone, and that he
+would try if the Longmans would not give more. He went to Paternoster
+Row accordingly, and tried the Longmans; but they would not give more
+than L1,000 for the new work and the copyright of the old poems--that
+is, only one-third of what Murray had offered. [Footnote: "Memoirs,
+Journals, Correspondence, of Thomas Moore," by Lord John Russell, ii.
+237.]
+
+When Crabbe was informed of this, he was in a state of great
+consternation. As Rogers had been bargaining with another publisher for
+better terms, the matter seemed still to be considered open; and in the
+meantime, if Murray were informed of the event, he might feel umbrage
+and withdraw his offer. Crabbe wrote to Murray on the subject, but
+received no answer. He had within his reach a prize far beyond his most
+sanguine hopes, and now, by the over-officiousness of his friends, he
+was in danger of losing it. In this crisis Rogers and Moore called upon
+Murray, and made enquiries on the subject of Crabbe's poems. "Oh, yes,"
+he said, "I have heard from Mr. Crabbe, and look upon the matter as
+settled." Crabbe was thus released from all his fears. When he received
+the bills for L3,000, he insisted on taking them with him to Trowbridge
+to show them to his son John.
+
+It proved after all that the Longmans were right in their offer to
+Rogers; Murray was far too liberal. Moore, in his Diary (iii. 332),
+says, "Even if the whole of the edition (3,000) were sold, Murray would
+still be L1,900 minus." Crabbe had some difficulty in getting his old
+poems out of the hands of his former publisher, who wrote to him in a
+strain of the wildest indignation, and even threatened him with legal
+proceedings, but eventually the unsold stock, consisting of 2,426
+copies, was handed over by Hatchard & Colburn to Mr. Murray, and nothing
+more was heard of this controversy between them and the poet.
+
+"Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, written at the Close of the
+18th Century," was published anonymously, and was confidently asserted
+to be the work of Lord Byron, as the only person capable of having
+produced it. When the author was announced to be Mr. Thomas Hope, of
+Deepdene, some incredulity was expressed by the _literati_.
+
+The Countess of Blessington, in her "Conversations with Lord Byron,"
+says: "Byron spoke to-day in terms of high commendation of Hope's
+'Anastasius'; said he had wept bitterly over many pages of it, and for
+two reasons--first, that he had not written it; and, secondly, that Hope
+had; for that it was necessary to like a man excessively to pardon his
+writing such a book--a book, he said, excelling all recent productions
+as much in wit and talent as in true pathos. He added that he would have
+given his two most approved poems to have been the author of
+'Anastasius.'" The work was greatly read at the time, and went through
+many large editions.
+
+The refusal of the "Rejected Addresses," by Horace and James Smith, was
+one of Mr. Murray's few mistakes. Horace was a stockbroker, and James a
+solicitor. They were not generally known as authors, though they
+contributed anonymously to the _New Monthly Magazine_, which was
+conducted by Campbell the poet. In 1812 they produced a collection
+purporting to be "Rejected Addresses, presented for competition at the
+opening of Drury Lane Theatre." They offered the collection to Mr.
+Murray for L20, but he declined to purchase the copyright. The Smiths
+were connected with Cadell the publisher, and Murray, thinking that the
+MS. had been offered to and rejected by him, declined to look into it.
+The "Rejected Addresses" were eventually published by John Miller, and
+excited a great deal of curiosity. They were considered to be the best
+imitations of living poets ever made. Byron was delighted with them. He
+wrote to Mr. Murray that he thought them "by far the best thing of the
+kind since the 'Rolliad.'" Crabbe said of the verses in imitation of
+himself, "In their versification they have done me admirably." When he
+afterwards met Horace Smith, he seized both hands of the satirist, and
+said, with a good-humoured laugh, "Ah! my old enemy, how do you do?"
+Jeffrey said of the collection, "I take them, indeed, to be the very
+best imitations (and often of difficult originals) that ever were made,
+and, considering their extent and variety, to indicate a talent to which
+I do not know where to look for a parallel." Murray had no sooner read
+the volume than he spared no pains to become the publisher, but it was
+not until after the appearance of the sixteenth edition that he was able
+to purchase the copyright for L131.
+
+Towards the end of 1819, Mr. Murray was threatened with an action on
+account of certain articles which had appeared in Nos. 37 and 38 of the
+_Quarterly_ relative to the campaign in Italy against Murat, King of
+Naples. The first was written by Dr. Reginald (afterwards Bishop) Heber,
+under the title of "Military and Political Power of Russia, by Sir
+Robert Wilson"; the second was entitled "Sir Robert Wilson's Reply."
+Colonel Macirone occupied a very unimportant place in both articles. He
+had been in the service of Murat while King of Naples, and acted as his
+aide-de-camp, which post he retained after Murat became engaged in
+hostilities with Austria, then in alliance with England. Macirone was
+furnished with a passport for _himself_ as envoy of the Allied Powers,
+and provided with another passport for Murat, under the name of Count
+Lipona, to be used by him in case he abandoned his claim to the throne
+of Naples. Murat indignantly declined the proposal, and took refuge in
+Corsica. Yet Macirone delivered to Murat the passport. Not only so, but
+he deliberately misled Captain Bastard, the commander of a small English
+squadron which had been stationed at Bastia to intercept Murat in the
+event of his embarking for the purpose of regaining his throne at
+Naples. Murat embarked, landed in Italy without interruption, and was
+soon after defeated and taken prisoner. He thereupon endeavoured to use
+the passport which Macirone had given him, to secure his release, but it
+was too late; he was tried and shot at Pizzo. The reviewer spoke of
+Colonel Macirone in no very measured terms. "For Murat," he said, "we
+cannot feel respect, but we feel very considerable pity. Of Mr. Macirone
+we are tempted to predict that he has little reason to apprehend the
+honourable mode of death which was inflicted on his master. _His_
+vocation seems to be another kind of exit."
+
+Macirone gave notice of an action for damages, and claimed no less than
+L10,000. Serjeant Copley (afterwards Lord Lyndhurst), then
+Solicitor-General, and Mr. Gurney, were retained for Mr. Murray by his
+legal adviser Mr. Sharon Turner.
+
+The case came on, and on the Bench were seated the Duke of Wellington,
+Lord Liverpool, and other leading statesmen, who had been subpoenaed as
+witnesses for the defence. One of the Ridgways, publishers, had also
+been subpoenaed with an accredited copy of Macirone's book; but it was
+not necessary to produce him as a witness, as Mr. Ball, the counsel for
+Macirone, _quoted_ passages from it, and thus made the entire book
+available as evidence for the defendant, a proceeding of which Serjeant
+Copley availed himself with telling effect. He substantiated the facts
+stated in the _Quarterly_ article by passages quoted from Colonel
+Macirone's own "Memoirs." Before he had concluded his speech, it became
+obvious that the Jury had arrived at the conclusion to which he wished
+to lead them; but he went on to drive the conclusion home by a splendid
+peroration. [Footnote: Given in Sir Theodore Martin's "Life of Lord
+Lyudhurst," p. 170.] The Jury intimated that they were all agreed; but
+the Judge, as a matter of precaution, proceeded to charge them on the
+evidence placed before them; and as soon as he had concluded, the Jury,
+without retiring from the box, at once returned their verdict for the
+defendant.
+
+Although Mr. Murray had now a house in the country, he was almost
+invariably to be found at Albemarle Street. We find, in one of his
+letters to Blackwood, dated Wimbledon, May 22, 1819, the following: "I
+have been unwell with bile and rheumatism, and have come to a little
+place here, which I have bought lately, for a few days to recruit."
+
+The following description of a reception at Mr. Murray's is taken from
+the "Autobiography" of Mrs. Bray, the novelist. She relates that in the
+autumn of 1819 she made a visit to Mr. Murray, with her first husband,
+Charles Stothard, son of the well-known artist, for the purpose of
+showing him the illustrations of his "Letters from Normandy and
+Brittany."
+
+
+"We did not know," she says, "that Mr. Murray held daily from about
+three to five o'clock a literary levee at his house. In this way he
+gathered round him many of the most eminent men of the time. On calling,
+we sent up our cards, and finding he was engaged, proposed to retreat,
+when Mr. Murray himself appeared and insisted on our coming up. I was
+introduced to him by my husband, and welcomed by him with all the
+cordiality of an old acquaintance. He said Sir Walter Scott was there,
+and he thought that we should like to see him, and to be introduced to
+him. 'You will know him at once,' added Mr. Murray, 'he is sitting on
+the sofa near the fire-place.' We found Sir Walter talking to Mr.
+Gifford, then the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_. The room was filled
+with men and women, and among them several of the principal authors and
+authoresses of the day; but my attention was so fixed on Sir Walter and
+Mr. Gifford that I took little notice of the rest. Many of those present
+were engaged in looking at and making remarks upon a drawing, which
+represented a Venetian Countess (Guiccioli), the favourite, but not very
+respectable friend of Lord Byron. Mr. Murray made his way through the
+throng in order to lead us up to Sir Walter. We were introduced. Mr.
+Murray, anxious to remove the awkwardness of a first introduction,
+wished to say something which would engage a conversation between
+ourselves and Sir Walter Scott, and asked Charles if he happened to have
+about him his drawing of the Bayeux tapestry to show to Sir Walter.
+Charles smiled and said 'No'; but the saying answered the desired end;
+something had been said that led to conversation, and Sir Walter,
+Gifford, Mr. Murray, and Charles chatted on, and I listened.
+
+"Gifford looked very aged, his face much wrinkled, and he seemed to be
+in declining health; his dress was careless, and his cravat and
+waistcoat covered with snuff. There was an antique, philosophic cast
+about his head and countenance, better adapted to exact a feeling of
+curiosity in a stranger than the head of Sir Walter Scott; the latter
+seemed more a man of this world's mould. Such, too, was his character;
+for, with all his fine genius, Sir Walter would never have been so
+successful an author, had he not possessed so large a share of common
+sense, united to a business-like method of conducting his affairs, even
+those which perhaps I might venture to call the affairs of imagination.
+We took our leave; and before we got further than the first landing, we
+met Mr. Murray conducting Sir Walter downstairs; they were going to have
+a private chat before the departure of the latter." [Footnote: "Mrs.
+Bray's Autobiography," pp. 145-7.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI
+
+MEMOIRS OF LADY HERVEY AND HORACE WALPOLE--BELZONI--MILMAN--SOUTHEY
+--MRS. RUNDELL, ETC.
+
+
+About the beginning of 1819 the question of publishing the letters and
+reminiscences of Lady Hervey, grandmother of the Earl of Mulgrave, was
+brought under the notice of Mr. Murray. Lady Hervey was the daughter of
+Brigadier-General Lepel, and the wife of Lord Hervey of Ickworth, author
+of the "Memoirs of the Court of George II. and Queen Caroline." Her
+letters formed a sort of anecdotal history of the politics and
+literature of her times. A mysterious attachment is said to have existed
+between her and Lord Chesterfield, who, in his letters to his son,
+desired him never to mention her name when he could avoid it, while she,
+on the other hand, adopted all Lord Chesterfield's opinions, as
+afterwards appeared in the aforesaid letters. Mr. Walter Hamilton,
+author of the "Gazetteer of India," an old and intimate friend of Mr.
+Murray, who first brought the subject under Mr. Murray's notice, said,
+"Lady Hervey writes more like a man than a woman, something like Lady
+M.W. Montagu, and in giving her opinion she never minces matters." Mr.
+Hamilton recommended that Archdeacon Coxe, author of the "Lives of Sir
+Robert and Horace Walpole," should be the editor. Mr. Murray, however,
+consulted his _fidus Achates_, Mr. Croker; and, putting the letters in
+his hands, asked him to peruse them, and, if he approved, to edit them.
+The following was Mr. Croker's answer:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 22, 1820.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I shall do more than you ask. I shall give you a biographical
+sketch--sketch, do you hear?--of Lady Hervey, and notes on her letters,
+in which I shall endeavour to enliven a little the _sameness_ of my
+author. Don't think that I say _sameness_ in derogation of dear Mary
+Lepel's _powers_ of entertainment. I have been _in love_ with her a long
+time; which, as she was dead twenty years before I was born, I may
+without indiscretion avow; but all these letters being written in a
+journal style and to one person, there is a want of that variety which
+Lady Hervey's mind was capable of giving. I have applied to her family
+for a little assistance; hitherto without success; and I think, as a
+_lover_ of Lady Hervey's, I might reasonably resent the little
+enthusiasm I find that her descendants felt about her. In order to
+enable me to do this little job for you, I wish you would procure for me
+a file, if such a thing exists, of any newspaper from about 1740 to
+1758, at which latter date the _Annual Register_ begins, as I remember.
+So many little circumstances are mentioned in letters, and forgotten in
+history, that without some such guide, I shall make but blind work of
+it. If it be necessary, I will go to the Museum and _grab_ them, as my
+betters have done before me. My dear little Nony [Footnote: Mr. Croker's
+adopted daughter, afterwards married to Sir George Barrow.] was worse
+last night, and not better all to-day; but this evening they make me
+happy by saying that she is decidedly improved.
+
+Yours ever,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+Send me "Walpoliana," I have lost or mislaid mine. Are there any memoirs
+about the date of 1743, or later, beside Bubb's?
+
+That Mr. Croker made all haste and exercised his usual painstaking
+industry in doing "this little job" for Mr. Murray will be evident from
+the following letters:
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 27, 1820.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I have done "Lady Hervey." I hear that there is a Mr. Vincent in the
+Treasury, the son of a Mr. and Mrs. Vincent, to whom the late General
+Hervey, the favourite son of Lady Hervey, left his fortune and his
+papers. Could you find out who they are? Nothing is more surprising than
+the ignorance in which I find all Lady Hervey's descendants about her.
+Most of them never heard her maiden name. It reminds one of Walpole
+writing to George Montagu, to tell him who his grandmother was! I am
+anxious to knock off this task whilst what little I know of it is fresh
+in my recollection; for I foresee that much of the entertainment of the
+work must depend on the elucidations in the Notes.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.W.C.
+
+The publication of Lady Hervey's letters in 1821 was so successful that
+Mr. Croker was afterwards induced to edit, with great advantage, letters
+and memorials of a similar character. [Footnote: As late as 1848, Mr.
+Croker edited Lord Hervey's "Memoirs of the Court of George II. and
+Queen Caroline," from the family archives at Ickworth. The editor in his
+preface said that Lord Hervey was almost the Boswell of George II. and
+Queen Caroline.]
+
+The next important _memoires pour servir_ were brought under Mr.
+Murray's notice by Lord Holland, in the following letter:
+
+
+_Lord Holland to John Murray_.
+
+HOLLAND HOUSE, _November_ 1820.
+
+SIR,
+
+I wrote a letter to you last week which by some accident Lord
+Lauderdale, who had taken charge of it, has mislaid. The object of it
+was to request you to call here some morning, and to let me know the
+hour by a line by two-penny post. I am authorized to dispose of two
+historical works, the one a short but admirably written and interesting
+memoir of the late Lord Waldegrave, who was a favourite of George II.,
+and governor of George III. when Prince of Wales. The second consists of
+three close-written volumes of "Memoirs by Horace Walpole" (afterwards
+Lord Orford), which comprise the last nine years of George II.'s reign.
+I am anxious to give you the refusal of them, as I hear you have already
+expressed a wish to publish anything of this kind written by Horace
+Walpole, and had indirectly conveyed that wish to Lord Waldegrave, to
+whom these and many other MSS. of that lively and laborious writer
+belong. Lord Lauderdale has offered to assist me in adjusting the terms
+of the agreement, and perhaps you will arrange with him; he lives at
+Warren's Hotel, Waterloo Place, where you can make it convenient to meet
+him. I would meet you there, or call at your house; but before you can
+make any specific offer, you will no doubt like to look at the MSS.,
+which are here, and which (not being mine) I do not like to expose
+unnecessarily to the risk even of a removal to London and back again.
+
+I am, Sir, your obedient humble Servant, etc.,
+
+VASSALL HOLLAND.
+
+
+It would appear that Mr. Murray called upon Lord Holland and looked over
+the MSS., but made no proposal to purchase the papers. The matter lay
+over until Lord Holland again addressed Mr. Murray.
+
+
+_Lord Holland to John Murray_.
+
+"It appears that you are either not aware of the interesting nature of
+the MSS. which I showed you, or that the indifference produced by the
+present frenzy about the Queen's business [Footnote: The trial of Queen
+Caroline was then occupying public attention.] to all literary
+publications, has discouraged you from an undertaking in which you would
+otherwise engage most willingly. However, to come to the point. I have
+consulted Lord Waldegrave on the subject, and we agree that the two
+works, viz. his grandfather, Lord Waldegrave's "Memoirs," and Horace
+Walpole's "Memoirs of the Last Nine Years of George II.," should not be
+sold for less than 3,000 guineas. If that sum would meet your ideas, or
+if you have any other offer to make, I will thank you to let me know
+before the second of next month."
+
+Three thousand guineas was certainly a very large price to ask for the
+Memoirs, and Mr. Murray hesitated very much before acceding to Lord
+Holland's proposal. He requested to have the MSS. for the purpose of
+consulting his literary adviser--probably Mr. Croker, though the
+following remarks, now before us, are not in his handwriting.
+
+"This book of yours," says the critic, "is a singular production. It is
+ill-written, deficient in grammar, and often in English; and yet it
+interests and even amuses. Now, the subjects of it are all, I suppose,
+gone _ad plures_; otherwise it would be intolerable. The writer richly
+deserves a licking or a cudgelling to every page, and yet I am ashamed
+to say I have travelled unwearied with him through the whole, divided
+between a grin and a scowl. I never saw nor heard of such an animal as a
+splenetic, bustling kind of a poco-curante. By the way, if you happen to
+hear of any plan for making me a king, be so good as to say that I am
+deceased; or tell any other good-natured lie to put the king-makers off
+their purpose. I really cannot submit to be the only slave in the
+nation, especially when I have a crossing to sweep within five yards of
+my door, and may gain my bread with less ill-usage than a king is
+obliged to put up with. If half that is here told be true, Lord Holland
+seems to me to tread on
+
+
+                                   'ignes
+                Suppositos cineri doloso'
+
+
+in retouching any part of the manuscript. He is so perfectly kind and
+good-natured, that he will feel more than any man the complaints of
+partiality and injustice; and where he is to stop, I see not. There is
+so much abuse that little is to be gained by an occasional erasure,
+while suspicion is excited. He would have consulted his quiet more by
+leaving the author to bear the blame of his own scandal."
+
+Notwithstanding this adverse judgment, Mr. Murray was disposed to buy
+the Memoirs. Lord Holland drove a very hard bargain, and endeavoured to
+obtain better terms from other publishers, but he could not, and
+eventually Mr. Murray paid to Lord Waldegrave, through Lord Holland, the
+sum of L2,500 on November 1, 1821, for the Waldegrave and Walpole
+Memoirs. They were edited by Lord Holland, who wrote a preface to each,
+and were published in the following year, but never repaid their
+expenses. After suffering considerable loss by this venture, Mr.
+Murray's rights were sold, after his death, to Mr. Colburn.
+
+The last of the _memoires pour servir_ to which we shall here refer was
+the Letters of the Countess of Suffolk, bedchamber woman to the Princess
+of Wales (Caroline of Anspach), and a favourite of the Prince of Wales,
+afterwards George II. The Suffolk papers were admirably edited by Mr.
+Croker. Thackeray, in his "Lecture on George the Second," says of his
+work: "Even Croker, who edited her letters, loves her, and has that
+regard for her with which her sweet graciousness seems to have inspired
+almost all men, and some women, who came near her." The following letter
+of Croker shows the spirit in which he began to edit the Countess's
+letters:
+
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+_May_ 29, 1822.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+As you told me that you are desirous of publishing the Suffolk volume by
+November, and as I have, all my life, had an aversion to making any one
+wait for me, I am anxious to begin my work upon them, and, if we are to
+be out by November, I presume it is high time. I must beg of you to
+answer me the following questions.
+
+1st. What shape will you adopt? I think the correspondence of a nature
+rather too light for a quarto, and yet it would look well on the same
+shelf with Horace Walpole's works. If you should prefer an octavo, like
+Lady Hervey's letters, the papers would furnish two volumes. I, for my
+part, should prefer the quarto size, which is a great favourite with me,
+and the letters of such persons as Pope, Swift, and Gay, the Duchesses
+of Buckingham, Queensberry, and Marlbro', Lords Peterborough,
+Chesterfield, Bathurst, and Lansdowne, Messrs. Pitt, Pulteney, Pelham,
+Grenville, and Horace Walpole, seem to me almost to justify the
+magnificence of the quarto; though, in truth, all their epistles are, in
+its narrowest sense, _familiar_, and treat chiefly of tittle-tattle.
+
+Decide, however, on your own view of your interests, only recollect that
+these papers are not to cost you more than "Belshazzar," [Footnote: Mr.
+Milman's poem, for which Mr. Murray paid 500 guineas.] which I take to
+be of about the intrinsic value of the _writings on the walls_, and not
+a third of what you have given Mr. Crayon for his portrait of Squire
+Bracebridge.
+
+2nd. Do you intend to have any portraits? One of Lady Suffolk is almost
+indispensable, and would be enough. There are two of her at Strawberry
+Hill; one, I think, a print, and neither, if I forget not, very good.
+There is also a print, an unassuming one, in Walpole's works, but a good
+artist would make something out of any of these, if even we can get
+nothing better to make our copy from. If you were to increase your
+number of portraits, I would add the Duchess of Queensberry, from a
+picture at Dalkeith which is alluded to in the letters; Lady Hervey and
+her beautiful friend, Mary Bellenden. They are in Walpole's works; Lady
+Hervey rather mawkish, but the Bellenden charming. I dare say these
+plates could now be bought cheap, and retouched from the originals,
+which would make them better than ever they were. Lady Vere (sister of
+Lady Temple, which latter is engraved in Park's edition of the "Noble
+Authors") was a lively writer, and is much distinguished in this
+correspondence. Of the men, I should propose Lord Peterborough, whose
+portraits are little known; Lord Liverpool has one of him, not, however,
+very characteristic. Mr. Pulteney is also little known, but he has been
+lately re-published in the Kit-cat Club. Of _our Horace_ there is not a
+decent engraving anywhere. I presume that there must be a good original
+of him somewhere. Whatever you mean to do on this point, you should come
+to an early determination and put the works in hand.
+
+3rd. I mean, if you approve, to prefix a biographical sketch of Mrs.
+Howard and two or three of those beautiful characters with which, in
+prose and verse, the greatest wits of the last century honoured her and
+themselves. To the first letter of each remarkable correspondent I would
+also affix a slight notice, and I would add, at the foot of the page,
+notes in the style of those on Lady Hervey. Let me know whether this
+plan suits your fancy.
+
+4th. All the letters of Swift, except one or two, in this collection are
+printed (though not always accurately) in Scott's edition of his works.
+Yet I think it would be proper to reprint them from the originals,
+because they elucidate much of Lady Suffolk's history, and her
+correspondence could not be said to be complete without them. Let me
+know your wishes on this point.
+
+5th. My materials are numerous, though perhaps the pieces of great merit
+are not many. I must therefore beg of you to set up, in the form and
+type you wish to adopt, the sheet which I send you, and you must say
+about how many pages you wish your volume, or volumes, to be. I will
+then select as much of the most interesting as will fill the space which
+you may desire to occupy.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+J.W. CROKER.
+
+
+Mr. Croker also consented to edit the letters of Mrs. Delany to Mr.
+Hamilton, 1779-88, containing many anecdotes relating to the Royal
+Family.
+
+_Mr. Croker to John Murray_.
+
+"I have shown Mrs. Delany's MS. letters to the Prince Regent; he was
+much entertained with this revival of old times in his recollection, and
+_he says that every word of it is true_. You know that H.R.H. has a
+wonderful memory, and particularly for things of that kind. His
+certificate of Mrs. Delany's veracity will therefore be probably of some
+weight with you. As to the letter-writing powers of Mrs. Delany, the
+specimen inclines me to doubt. Her style seems stiff and formal, and
+though these two letters, which describe a peculiar kind of scene, have
+a good deal of interest in them, I do not hope for the same amusement
+from the rest of the collection. Poverty, obscurity, general ill-health,
+and blindness are but unpromising qualifications for making an agreeable
+volume of letters. If a shopkeeper at Portsmouth were to write his life,
+the extracts of what relates to the two days of the Imperial and Royal
+visit of 1814 would be amusing, though all the rest of the half century
+of his life would be intolerably tedious. I therefore counsel you not to
+buy the pig in Miss Hamilton's bag (though she is a most respectable
+lady), but ask to see the whole collection before you bid."
+
+The whole collection was obtained, and, with some corrections and
+elucidations, the volume of letters was given to the world by Mr. Murray
+in 1821.
+
+In May 1820 Mr. Murray requested Mr. Croker to edit Horace Walpole's
+"Reminiscences." Mr. Croker replied, saying: "I should certainly like
+the task very well if I felt a little better satisfied of my ability to
+perform it. Something towards such a work I would certainly contribute,
+for I have always loved that kind of tea-table history." Not being able
+to undertake the work himself, Mr. Croker recommended Mr. Murray to
+apply to Miss Berry, the editor of Lady Russell's letters. "The Life,"
+he said, "by which those letters were preceded, is a beautiful piece of
+biography, and shows, besides higher qualities, much of that taste which
+a commentator on the 'Reminiscences' ought to have." The work was
+accordingly placed in the hands of Miss Berry, who edited it
+satisfactorily, and it was published by Mr. Murray in the course of the
+following year.
+
+Dr. Tomline, while Bishop of Winchester, entered into a correspondence
+with Mr. Murray respecting the "Life of William Pitt." In December
+1820, Dr. Tomline said he had brought the Memoirs down to the
+Declaration of War by France against Great Britain on February I, 1793,
+and that the whole would make two volumes quarto. Until he became Bishop
+of Lincoln, Dr. Tomline had been Pitt's secretary, and from the
+opportunities he had possessed, there was promise here of a great work;
+but it was not well executed, and though a continuation was promised, it
+never appeared. When the work was sent to Mr. Gifford, he wrote to Mr.
+Murray that it was not at all what he expected, for it contained nothing
+of Pitt's private history. "He seems to be uneasy until he gets back to
+his Parliamentary papers. Yet it can hardly fail to be pretty widely
+interesting; but I would not have you make yourself too uneasy about
+these things. Pitt's name, and the Bishop's, will make the work sell."
+Gifford was right. The "Life" went to a fourth edition in the following
+year.
+
+Among Mr. Murray's devoted friends and adherents was Giovanni Belzoni,
+who, born at Padua in 1778, had, when a young man at Rome, intended to
+devote himself to the monastic life, but the French invasion of the city
+altered his purpose, and, instead of being a monk, he became an athlete.
+He was a man of gigantic physical power, and went from place to place,
+gaining his living in England, as elsewhere, as a posture-master, and by
+exhibiting at shows his great feats of strength. He made enough by this
+work to enable him to visit Egypt, where he erected hydraulic machines
+for the Pasha, and, through the influence of Mr. Salt, the British
+Consul, was employed to remove from Thebes, and ship for England, the
+colossal bust commonly called the Young Memnon. His knowledge of
+mechanics enabled him to accomplish this with great dexterity, and the
+head, now in the British Museum, is one of the finest specimens of
+Egyptian sculpture.
+
+Belzoni, after performing this task, made further investigations among
+the Egyptian tombs and temples. He was the first to open the great
+temple of Ipsambul, cut in the side of a mountain, and at that time shut
+in by an accumulation of sand. Encouraged by these successes, he, in
+1817, made a second journey to Upper Egypt and Nubia, and brought to
+light at Carnac several colossal heads of granite, now in the British
+Museum. After some further explorations among the tombs and temples, for
+which he was liberally paid by Mr. Salt, Belzoni returned to England
+with numerous drawings, casts, and many important works of Egyptian art.
+He called upon Mr. Murray, with the view of publishing the results of
+his investigations, which in due course were issued under the title of
+"Narrative of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the Pyramids,
+Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and Nubia."
+
+It was a very expensive book to arrange and publish, but nothing daunted
+Mr. Murray when a new and original work was brought under his notice.
+Although only 1,000 copies were printed, the payments to Belzoni and his
+translators, as well as for plates and engravings, amounted to over
+L2,163. The preparation of the work gave rise to no little difficulty,
+for Belzoni declined all help beyond that of the individual who was
+employed to copy out or translate his manuscript and correct the press.
+"As I make my discoveries alone," he said, "I have been anxious to write
+my book by myself, though in so doing the reader will consider me, with
+great propriety, guilty of temerity; but the public will, perhaps, gain
+in the fidelity of my narration what it loses in elegance." Lord Byron,
+to whom Mr. Murray sent a copy of his work, said: "Belzoni _is_ a grand
+traveller, and his English is very prettily broken."
+
+Belzoni was a very interesting character, and a man of great natural
+refinement. After the publication of his work, he became one of the
+fashionable lions of London, but was very sensitive about his early
+career, and very sedulous to sink the posture-master in the traveller.
+He was often present at Mr. Murray's receptions; and on one particular
+occasion he was invited to join the family circle in Albemarle Street on
+the last evening of 1822, to see the Old Year out and the New Year in.
+All Mr. Murray's young people were present, as well as the entire
+D'Israeli family and Crofton Croker. After a merry game of Pope Joan,
+Mr. Murray presented each of the company with a pocket-book as a New
+Year's gift. A special bowl of punch was brewed for the occasion, and,
+while it was being prepared, Mr. Isaac D'Israeli took up Crofton
+Croker's pocket-book, and with his pencil wrote the following impromptu
+words:
+
+"Gigantic Belzoni at Pope Joan and tea.
+What a group of mere puppets we seem beside thee;
+Which, our kind host perceiving, with infinite zest,
+Gives us Punch at our supper, to keep up the jest."
+
+The lines were pronounced to be excellent, and Belzoni, wishing to share
+in the enjoyment, desired to see the words. He read the last line twice
+over, and then, his eyes flashing fire, he exclaimed, "I am betrayed!"
+and suddenly left the room. Crofton Croker called upon Belzoni to
+ascertain the reason for his abrupt departure from Mr. Murray's, and was
+informed that he considered the lines to be an insulting allusion to his
+early career as a showman. Croker assured him that neither Murray nor
+D'Israeli knew anything of his former life; finally he prevailed upon
+Belzoni to accompany him to Mr. Murray's, who for the first time learnt
+that the celebrated Egyptian explorer had many years before been an
+itinerant exhibitor in England.
+
+In 1823 Belzoni set out for Morocco, intending to penetrate thence to
+Eastern Africa; he wrote to Mr. Murray from Gibraltar, thanking him for
+many acts of kindness, and again from Tangier.
+
+
+_M.G. Belzoni to John Murray_.
+
+_April_ 10, 1823.
+
+"I have just received permission from H.M. the Emperor of Morocco to go
+to Fez, and am in hopes to obtain his approbation to enter the desert
+along with the caravan to Soudan. The letter of introduction from Mr.
+Wilmot to Mr. Douglas has been of much importance to me; this gentleman
+fortunately finds pleasure in affording me all the assistance in his
+power to promote my wishes, a circumstance which I have not been
+accustomed to meet in some other parts of Africa. I shall do myself the
+pleasure to acquaint you of my further progress at Fez, if not from some
+other part of Morocco."
+
+
+Belzoni would appear to have changed his intention, and endeavoured to
+penetrate to Timbuctoo from Benin, where, however, he was attacked by
+dysentery, and died a short time after the above letter was written.
+
+Like many other men of Herculean power, he was not eager to exhibit his
+strength; but on one occasion he gave proof of it in the following
+circumstances. Mr. Murray had asked him to accompany him to the
+Coronation of George IV. They had tickets of admittance to Westminster
+Hall, but on arriving there they found that the sudden advent of Queen
+Caroline, attended by a mob claiming admission to the Abbey, had alarmed
+the authorities, who caused all the doors to be shut. That by which they
+should have entered was held close and guarded by several stalwart
+janitors. Belzoni thereupon advanced to the door, and, in spite of the
+efforts of these guardians, including Tom Crib and others of the
+pugilistic corps who had been engaged as constables, opened it with
+ease, and admitted himself and Mr. Murray.
+
+In 1820 Mr. Murray was invited to publish "The Fall of Jerusalem, a
+Sacred Tragedy," by the Rev. H.H. Milman, afterwards Dean of St. Paul's.
+As usual, he consulted Mr. Gifford, whose opinion was most favourable.
+"I have been more and more struck," he said, "with the innumerable
+beauties in Milman's 'Fall of Jerusalem.'"
+
+Mr. Murray requested the author to state his own price for the
+copyright, and Mr. Milman wrote:
+
+"I am totally at a loss to fix one. I think I might decide whether an
+offer were exceedingly high or exceedingly low, whether a Byron or Scott
+price, or such as is given to the first essay of a new author. Though
+the 'Fall of Jerusalem' might demand an Israelitish bargain, yet I shall
+not be a Jew further than my poetry. Make a liberal offer, such as the
+prospect will warrant, and I will at once reply, but I am neither able
+nor inclined to name a price.... As I am at present not very far
+advanced in life, I may hereafter have further dealings with the Press,
+and, of course, where I meet with liberality shall hope to make a return
+in the same way. It has been rather a favourite scheme of mine, though
+this drama cannot appear on the boards, to show it before it is
+published to my friend Mrs. Siddons, who perhaps might like to read it,
+either at home or abroad. I have not even hinted at such a thing to her,
+so that this is mere uncertainty, and, before it is printed, it would be
+in vain to think of it, as the old lady's eyes and MS. could never agree
+together.
+
+"P.S.--I ought to have said that I am very glad of Aristarchus'
+[Grifford's] approval. And, by the way, I think, if I help you in
+redeeming your character from 'Don Juan,' the 'Hetaerse' in the
+_Quarterly_, [Footnote: Mitchell's article on "Female Society in
+Greece," _Q.R._ No. 43.] etc., you ought to estimate that very highly."
+
+Mr. Murray offered Mr. Milman five hundred guineas for the copyright,
+to which the author replied: "Your offer appears to me very fair, and I
+shall have no scruple in acceding to it."
+
+Milman, in addition to numerous plays and poems, became a contributor to
+the _Quarterly_, and one of Murray's historians. He wrote the "History
+of the Jews" and the "History of Christianity"; he edited Gibbon and
+Horace, and continued during his lifetime to be one of Mr. Murray's most
+intimate and attached friends.
+
+In 1820 we find the first mention of a name afterwards to become as
+celebrated as any of those with which Mr. Murray was associated. Owing
+to the warm friendship which existed between the Murrays and the
+D'Israelis, the younger members of both families were constantly brought
+together on the most intimate terms. Mr. Murray was among the first to
+mark the abilities of the boy, Benjamin Disraeli, and, as would appear
+from the subjoined letter, his confidence in his abilities was so firm
+that he consulted him as to the merits of a MS. when he had scarcely
+reached his eighteenth year.
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_. _August_ 1822.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I ran my eye over three acts of "Wallace," [Footnote: "Wallace: a
+Historical Tragedy," in five acts, was published in 1820. Joanna Baillie
+spoke of the author, C.E. Walker, as "a very young and promising
+dramatist."] and, as far as I could form an opinion, I cannot conceive
+these acts to be as effective on the stage as you seemed to expect.
+However, it is impossible to say what a very clever actor like Macready
+may make of some of the passages. Notwithstanding the many erasures the
+diction is still diffuse, and sometimes languishing, though not
+inelegant. I cannot imagine it a powerful work as far as I have read.
+But, indeed, running over a part of a thing with people talking around
+is too unfair. I shall be anxious to hear how it succeeds. Many thanks,
+dear sir, for lending it to me. Your note arrives. If on so slight a
+knowledge of the play I could venture to erase either of the words you
+set before me, I fear it would be _Yes_, but I feel cruel and wicked in
+saying so. I hope you got your dinner in comfort when you got rid of me
+and that gentle pyramid [Belzoni].
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Southey was an indefatigable and elaborate correspondent, and, as
+his letters have already been published, it is not necessary to quote
+them. He rarely wrote to Mr. Gifford, who cut down his articles, and, as
+Southey insisted, generally emasculated them by omitting the best
+portions. Two extracts may be given from those written to Mr. Murray in
+1820, which do not seem yet to have been given to the world, the first
+in reference to a proposed Life of Warren Hastings:
+
+"It appears to me that the proper plan will be to publish a selection
+from Warren Hastings's papers and correspondence, accompanying it with
+his Life. That Life requires a compendious view of our Indian history
+down to the time of his administration, and in its progress it embraces
+the preservation of our Indian empire and the establishment of the
+existing system. Something must be interwoven concerning the history of
+the native powers, Mahomedan, Moor, Mahratta, etc., and their
+institutions. I see how all this is to be introduced, and see also that
+no subject can afford materials more important or more various. And what
+a pleasure it will be to read the triumph of such a man as Hastings over
+the tremendous combination of his persecutors at home! I had a noble
+catastrophe in writing the Life of Nelson, but the latter days of
+Hastings afford a scene more touching, and perhaps more sublime, because
+it is more uncommon. Let me have the works of Orme and Bruce and Mill,
+and I will set apart a portion of every day to the course of reading,
+and begin my notes accordingly."
+
+The second touches on his perennial grievance against Gifford:
+
+"You will really serve as well as oblige me, if you will let me have a
+duplicate set of proofs of my articles, that I may not _lose_ the
+passages which Mr. Gifford, in spite of repeated promises, always will
+strike out. In the last paper, among many other mutilations, the most
+useful _fact_ in the essay, for its immediate practical application, has
+been omitted, and for no imaginable reason (the historical fact that it
+was the reading a calumnious libel which induced Felton to murder the
+Duke of Buckingham). When next I touch upon public affairs for you, I
+will break the Whigs upon the wheel."
+
+Mrs. Graham, afterwards Lady Callcott, then the wife of Captain Graham,
+R.N., an authoress and friend of the Murray family, wrote to introduce
+Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles Eastlake, who had translated Baron
+Bartholdy's "Memoirs of the Carbonari."
+
+
+_Mrs. Graham to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 24, 1821.
+
+All great men have to pay the penalty of their greatness, and you,
+_arch-bookseller_ as you are, must now and then be entreated to do many
+things you only half like to do. I shall half break my heart if you and
+Bartholdy do not agree.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Now, whether you publish "The Carbonari" or not, I bespeak your
+acquaintance for the translator, Mr. Eastlake. I want him to see the
+sort of thing that one only sees in your house, at your morning
+_levees_--the traffic of mind and literature, if I may call it so. To a
+man who has lived most of his grown-up life out of England, it is both
+curious and instructive, and I wish for this advantage for my friend.
+And in return for what I want you to benefit him, by giving him the
+_entree_ to your rooms, I promise you great pleasure in having a
+gentleman of as much modesty as real accomplishment, and whose taste and
+talents as an artist must one day place him very high among our native
+geniuses. You and Mrs. Murray would, I am sure, love him as much as
+Captain Graham and I do. We met him at Malta on his return from Athens,
+where he had been with Lord Ruthven's party. Thence he went to Sicily
+with Lord Leven. In Rome, we lived in the same house. He was with us at
+Poli, and last summer at Ascoli with Lady Westmoreland. I have told him
+that, when he goes to London, he must show you two beautiful pictures he
+has done for Lord Guilford, views taken in Greece. You will see that his
+pictures and Lord Byron's poetry tell the same story of the "Land of the
+Unforgotten Brave." I envy you your morning visitors. I am really hungry
+for a new book. If you are so good as to send me any _provision fresh
+from Murray's shambles_, as Mr. Rose says, address it to me, care of Wm.
+Eastlake, Esq., Plymouth. Love to Mrs. Murray and children.
+
+Yours very gratefully and truly,
+
+MARIA GRAHAM.
+
+P.S.--If Graham has a ship given him at the time, and at the station
+promised, I shall be obliged to visit London towards the end of March or
+the beginning of April.
+
+
+Mr. Murray accepted and published the book.
+
+Lord Byron's works continued to be in great demand at home, and were
+soon pounced upon by the pirates in America and France. The Americans
+were beyond Murray's reach, but the French were, to a certain extent, in
+his power. Galignani, the Paris publisher, wrote to Lord Byron,
+requesting the assignment to him of the right of publishing his poetry
+in France. Byron replied that his poems belonged to Mr. Murray, and were
+his "property by purchase, right, and justice," and referred Galignani
+to him, "washing his hands of the business altogether." M. Galignani
+then applied to Mr. Murray, who sent him the following answer:
+
+
+_John Murray to M. Galignani_.
+
+_January_ 16, 1821.
+
+SIR,
+
+I have received your letter requesting me to assign to you exclusively
+the right of printing Lord Byron's works in France. In answer I shall
+state what you do not seem to be aware of, that for the copyright of
+these works you are printing for nothing, I have given the author
+upwards of L10,000. Lord Byron has sent me the assignment, regularly
+made, and dated April 20, 1818; and if you will send me L250 I will make
+it over to you. I have just received a Tragedy by Lord Byron, for the
+copyright of which I have paid L1,050, and also three new cantos of "Don
+Juan," for which I have paid L2,100. What can you afford to give me for
+the exclusive right of printing them in France upon condition that you
+receive them before any other bookseller? Your early reply will oblige.
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+J. MURRAY.
+
+M. Galignani then informed Mr. Murray that a pirated edition of Lord
+Byron's works had been issued by another publisher, and was being sold
+for 10 francs; and that, if he would assign him the new Tragedy and the
+new cantos of "Don Juan," he would pay him L100, and be at the expense
+of the prosecution of the surreptitious publisher. But nothing was said
+about the payment of L250 for the issue of Lord Byron's previous work.
+
+Towards the end of 1821 Mr. Murray received a letter from Messrs.
+Longman & Co., intimating, in a friendly way, "you will see in a day or
+two, in the newspapers, an advertisement of Mrs. Rundell's improved
+edition of her 'Cookery Book,' which she has placed in our hands for
+publication." Now, the "Domestic Cookery," as enlarged and improved by
+Mr. Murray, was practically a new work, and one of his best properties.
+When he heard of Mrs. Rundell's intention to bring out her Cookery Book
+through the Longmans, he consulted his legal adviser, Mr. Sharon Turner,
+who recommended that an injunction should at once be taken out to
+restrain the publication, and retained Mr. Littledale and Mr. Serjeant
+Copley for Mr. Murray. The injunction was duly granted.
+
+After some controversy and litigation the matter was arranged. Mr.
+Murray voluntarily agreed to pay to Mrs. Rundell L2,000, in full of all
+claims, and her costs and expenses. The Messrs. Longman delivered to Mr.
+Murray the stereotype plates of the Cookery Book, and stopped all
+further advertisements of Mrs. Rundell's work. Mr. Sharon Turner, when
+writing to tell Mr. Murray the result of his negotiations, concludes
+with the recommendation: "As Home and Shadwell [Murray's counsel] took
+much pains, I think if you were to send them each a copy of the Cookery
+Book, and (as a novelty) of 'Cain,' it would please them."
+
+Moore, in his Diary, notes: [Footnote: "Moore: Memoirs, Journal, and
+Correspondence," v. p. 119.] "I called at Pickering's, in Chancery Lane,
+who showed me the original agreement between Milton and Symonds for the
+payment of five pounds for 'Paradise Lost.' The contrast of this sum
+with the L2,000 given by Mr. Murray for Mrs. Rundell's 'Cookery'
+comprises a history in itself. Pickering, too, gave forty-five guineas
+for this agreement, nine times as much as the sum given for the poem."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII
+
+WASHINGTON IRVING--UGO FOSCOLO--LADY CAROLINE LAMB--"HAJJI BABA"--MRS.
+MARKHAM'S HISTORIES.
+
+
+The book trade between England and America was in its infancy at the,
+time of which we are now writing, and though Mr. Murray was frequently
+invited to publish American books, he had considerable hesitation in
+accepting such invitations.
+
+Mr. Washington Irving, who was already since 1807 favourably known as an
+author in America, called upon Mr. Murray, and was asked to dine, as
+distinguished Americans usually were. He thus records his recollections
+of the event in a letter to his brother Peter at Liverpool:
+
+
+_Mr. Washington Irving to Mr. Peter Irving_.
+
+_August_ 19, 1817.
+
+"I had a very pleasant dinner at Murray's. I met there D'Israeli and an
+artist [Brockedon] just returned from Italy with an immense number of
+beautiful sketches of Italian scenery and architecture. D'Israeli's wife
+and daughter came in in the course of the evening, and we did not
+adjourn until twelve o'clock. I had a long _tete-a-tete_ with old
+D'Israeli in a corner. He is a very pleasant, cheerful old fellow,
+curious about America, and evidently tickled at the circulation his
+works have had there, though, like most authors just now, he groans at
+not being able to participate in the profits. Murray was very merry and
+loquacious. He showed me a long letter from Lord Byron, who is in Italy.
+It is written with some flippancy, but is an odd jumble. His Lordship
+has written some 104 stanzas of the fourth canto ('Childe Harold'). He
+says it will be less metaphysical than the last canto, but thinks it
+will be at least equal to either of the preceding. Murray left town
+yesterday for some watering-place, so that I have had no further talk
+with him, but am to keep my eye on his advertisements and write to him
+when anything offers that I may think worth republishing in America. I
+shall find him a most valuable acquaintance on my return to London."
+
+A business in Liverpool, in which, with his brother, he was a partner,
+proved a failure, and in 1818 he was engaged on his famous "Sketch
+Book," which he wrote in England, and sent to his brother Ebenezer in
+New York to be published there. The work appeared in three parts in the
+course of the year 1819. Several of the articles were copied in English
+periodicals and were read with great admiration. A writer in _Blackwood_
+expressed surprise that Mr. Irving had thought fit to publish his
+"Sketch Book" in America earlier than in Britain, and predicted a large
+and eager demand for such a work. On this encouragement, Irving, who was
+still in England, took the first three numbers, which had already
+appeared in America, to Mr. Murray, and left them with him for
+examination and approval. Murray excused himself on the ground that he
+did not consider the work in question likely to form the basis of
+"satisfactory accounts," and without this he had no "satisfaction" in
+undertaking to publish.
+
+Irving thereupon sought (but did not take) the advice of Sir W. Scott,
+and entered into an arrangement with Miller of the Burlington Arcade,
+and in February 1820 the first four numbers were published in a volume.
+Miller shortly after became bankrupt, the sale of the book (of which one
+thousand had been printed) was interrupted, and Irving's hopes of profit
+were dashed to the ground. At this juncture, Walter Scott, who was then
+in London, came to his help.
+
+
+"I called to him for help as I was sticking in the mire, and, more
+propitious than Hercules, he put his own shoulder to the wheel. Through
+his favourable representations Murray was quickly induced to undertake
+the future publication of the work which he had previously declined. A
+further edition of the first volume was put to press, and from that time
+Murray became my publisher, conducting himself in all his dealings with
+that fair, open, and liberal spirit which had obtained for him the
+well-merited appellation of the Prince of Booksellers." [Footnote:
+Preface to the revised edition of "The Sketch Book."]
+
+Irving, being greatly in want of money, offered to dispose of the work
+entirely to the publisher, and Murray, though he had no legal protection
+for his purchase, not only gave him L200 for it, but two months later
+he wrote to Irving, stating that his volumes had succeeded so much
+beyond his commercial estimate that he begged he would do him the favour
+to draw on him at sixty-five days for one hundred guineas in addition to
+the sum agreed upon. And again, eight months later, Murray made Irving a
+second gratuitous contribution of a hundred pounds, to which the author
+replied, "I never knew any one convey so much meaning in so concise and
+agreeable a manner." The author's "Bracebridge Hall" and other works
+were also published by Mr. Murray.
+
+In 1822 Irving, who liked to help his literary fellow-countrymen, tried
+to induce Mr. Murray to republish James Fenimore Cooper's novels in
+England. Mr. Murray felt obliged to decline, as he found that these
+works were pirated by other publishers; American authors were then
+beginning to experience the same treatment in England which English
+authors have suffered in America. The wonder was that Washington
+Irving's works so long escaped the same doom.
+
+In 1819 Mr. Murray first made the acquaintance of Ugo Foscolo. A native
+of Zante, descended from a Venetian family who had settled in the Ionian
+Islands, Foscolo studied at Padua, and afterwards took up his residence
+at Venice. The ancient aristocracy of that city had been banished by
+Napoleon Bonaparte, and the conqueror gave over Venice to Austria.
+Foscolo attacked Bonaparte in his "Lettere di Ortis." After serving as a
+volunteer in the Lombard Legion through the disastrous campaign of 1799,
+Foscolo, on the capitulation of Genoa, retired to Milan, where he
+devoted himself to literary pursuits. He once more took service--under
+Napoleon--and in 1805 formed part of the army of England assembled at
+Boulogne; but soon left the army, went to Pavia (where he had been
+appointed Professor of Eloquence), and eventually at the age of forty
+took refuge in England. Here he found many friends, who supported him in
+his literary efforts. Among others he called upon Mr. Murray, who
+desired his co-operation in writing for the _Quarterly_. An article, on
+"The Poems of the Italians" was his first contribution. Mr. Thomas
+Mitchell, the translator of "Aristophanes," desired Mr. Murray to give
+Foscolo his congratulations upon his excellent essay, as well as on his
+acquaintance with our language.
+
+
+_Mr. Thomas Mitchell to John Murray_.
+
+"The first time I had the pleasure of seeing M. Foscolo was at a _table
+d'hote_ at Berne. There was something in his physiognomy which very much
+attracted nay notice; and, for some reason or another, I thought that I
+seemed to be an object of his attention. At table, Foscolo was seated
+next to a young Hanoverian, between whom and me a very learned
+conversation had passed on the preceding evening, and a certain degree
+of acquaintance was cemented in consequence. The table was that day
+graced with the appearance of some of the Court ladies of Stuttgard, and
+all passed off with the decorum usually observed abroad, when suddenly,
+towards the conclusion of the feast a violent hubbub was heard between
+M. Foscolo and his Hanoverian neighbour, who, in angry terms and with
+violent gestures, respectively asserted the superior harmonies of Greek
+and Latin. This ended with the former's suddenly producing a card,
+accompanied with the following annunciation: 'Sir, my name is Ugo
+Foscolo; I am a native of Greece, and I have resided thirty years in
+Italy; I therefore think I ought to know something of the matter. This
+card contains my address, and if you have anything further to say, you
+know where I am to be found.' Whether Foscolo's name or manner daunted
+the young Hanoverian, or whether he was only a bird of passage, I don't
+know, but we saw nothing more of him after that day. Foscolo, after the
+ladies had retired, made an apology, directed a good deal to me, who, by
+the forms of the place, happened to be at the head of the table; a
+considerable degree of intimacy took place between us, and an excellent
+man I believe him to be, in spite of these little ebullitions."
+
+
+Ugo Foscolo, who was eccentric to an excess, and very extravagant, had
+many attached friends, though he tried them sorely. To Mr. Murray he
+became one of the troubles of private as well as publishing life. He had
+a mania for building, and a mania for ornamentation, but he was very
+short of money for carrying out his freaks. He thought himself at the
+same time to be perfectly moderate, simple, and sweet-tempered. He took
+a house in South Bank, Regent's Park, which he named Digamma
+Cottage--from his having contributed to the _Quarterly Review_ an
+article on the Digamma--and fitted it up in extravagant style.
+
+Foscolo could scarcely live at peace with anybody, and, as the result of
+one of his numerous altercations, he had to fight a duel. "We are," Lady
+Dacre wrote to Murray (December 1823), "to have the whole of Foscolo's
+duel to-morrow. He tells me that it is not about a 'Fair lady': thank
+heaven!"
+
+Foscolo was one of Mr. Murray's inveterate correspondents--about
+lectures, about translations, about buildings, about debts, about loans,
+and about borrowings. On one occasion Mr. Murray received from him a
+letter of thirteen pages quarto. A few sentences of this may be worth
+quoting:
+
+_Mr. Foscolo to John Murray_.
+
+SOUTH BANK, _August_ 20, 1822.
+
+"During six years (for I landed in England the 10th September, 1816) I
+have constantly laboured under difficulties the most distressing; no one
+knows them so well as yourself, because no one came to my assistance
+with so warm a friendship or with cares so constant and delicate. My
+difficulties have become more perplexing since the Government both of
+the Ionian Islands and Italy have precluded even the possibility of my
+returning to the countries where a slender income would be sufficient,
+and where I would not be under the necessity of making a degrading use
+of my faculties. I was born a racehorse; and after near forty years of
+successful racing, I am now drawing the waggon--nay, to be the teacher
+of French to my copyists, and the critic of English to my
+translators!-to write sophistry about criticism, which I always
+considered a sort of literary quackery, and to put together paltry
+articles for works which I never read. Indeed, if I have not undergone
+the doom of almost all individuals whose situation becomes suddenly
+opposed to their feelings and habits, and if I am not yet a lunatic, I
+must thank the mechanical strength of my nerves. My nerves, however,
+will not withstand the threatenings of shame which I have always
+contemplated with terror. Time and fortune have taught me to meet all
+other evils with fortitude; but I grow every day more and more a coward
+at the idea of the approach of a stigma on my character; and as now I
+must live and die in England, and get the greater part of my subsistence
+from my labour, I ought to reconcile, if not labour with literary
+reputation, at least labour and life with a spotless name."
+
+He then goes on to state that his debts amount to L600 or thereabouts,
+including a sum of L20 which he owed to Mr. Murray himself. Then he must
+have the money necessary for his subsistence, and he "finds he cannot
+live on less than L400 per annum."
+
+"My apartments," he continues, "decently furnished, encompass me with an
+atmosphere of ease and respectability; and I enjoy the illusion of not
+having fallen into the lowest circumstances.
+
+I always declare that I will die like a gentleman, on a decent bed,
+surrounded by casts (as I cannot buy the marbles) of the Venuses, of the
+Apollos, and of the Graces, and the busts of great men; nay, even among
+flowers, and, if possible, with some graceful innocent girl playing an
+old pianoforte in an adjoining room. And thus dies the hero of my novel.
+Far from courting the sympathy of mankind, I would rather be forgotten
+by posterity than give it the gratification of ejaculating preposterous
+sighs because I died like Camoens and Tasso on the bed of an hospital.
+And since I must be buried in your country, I am happy in having insured
+for me the possession during the remains of my life of a cottage built
+after my plan, surrounded by flowering shrubs, almost within the
+tumpikes of the town, and yet as quiet as a country-house, and open to
+the free air. Whenever I can freely dispose of a hundred pounds, I will
+also build a small dwelling for my corpse, under a beautiful Oriental
+plane-tree, which I mean to plant next November, and cultivate _con
+amore_. So far I am indeed an epicure; in all other things I am the most
+moderate of men."
+
+The upshot of the letter is, that he wishes Mr. Murray to let him have
+L1,000, to be repaid in five years, he meanwhile writing articles for
+the _Quarterly_--one-half of the payment to be left with the publisher,
+and the remaining half to be added to his personal income. He concludes:
+
+"In seeking out a way of salvation, I think it incumbent on me to
+prevent the tyranny of necessity, that I might not be compelled by it to
+endanger my character and the interest of a friend whose kindness I have
+always experienced, and whose assistance I am once more obliged to
+solicit."
+
+Mr. Murray paid off some of his more pressing embarrassments--L30 to
+Messrs. Bentley for bills not taken up; L33 7_s_. to Mr. Kelly the
+printer; L14 to Mr. Antonini; and L50 to Foscolo's builder--besides
+becoming security for L300 to his bankers (with whom Foscolo did
+business), in order to ensure him a respite for six months. On the other
+hand, Foscolo agreed to insure his life for L600 as a sort of guarantee.
+"Was ever" impecunious author "so trusted before"? At this crisis in his
+affairs many friends came about him and took an interest in the patriot;
+Mr. Hallam and Mr. Wilbraham offered him money, but he would not accept
+"gratuities" from them, though he had no objection to accepting their
+"loans." Arrangements were then made for Foscolo to deliver a series of
+lectures on Italian Literature. Everything was settled, the day
+arrived, the room was crowded with a distinguished assembly, when at the
+last moment Foscolo appeared without his MS., which he had forgotten.
+
+The course of lectures, however, which had been designed to relieve him
+from the pressure of his debts, proved successful, and brought him in,
+it is said, as much as L1,000; whereupon he immediately set to work to
+squander his earnings by giving a public breakfast to his patrons, for
+which purpose he thought it incumbent on him, amongst other expenses, to
+make a new approach and a gravelled carriage road to Digamma Cottage.
+
+Ugo Foscolo lived on credit to the end of his life, surrounded by all
+that was luxurious and beautiful. How he contrived it, no one knew, for
+his resources remained at the lowest ebb. Perhaps his friends helped
+him, for English Liberals of good means regarded him as a martyr in the
+cause of freedom, one who would never bow the knee to Baal, and who had
+dared the first Napoleon when his very word was law. But Foscolo's
+friends without doubt became tired of his extravagance and his
+licentious habits, and fell away from him. Disease at last found him
+out; he died of dropsy at Turnham Green, near Hammersmith, in 1827, when
+only in the fiftieth year of his age, and was buried in Chiswick
+churchyard; but in June 1871 his body was exhumed and conveyed to
+Florence, where he was buried in Santa Croce, between the tomb of
+Alfieri and the monument of Dante.
+
+Lady Caroline Lamb had continued to keep up her intimacy with Mr.
+Murray; and now that she was preparing a new work for the press, her
+correspondence increased. While he was at Wimbledon during summer, she
+occasionally met literary friends at his house. She had already
+published "Glenarvon," the hero of which was supposed to represent Lord
+Byron, and was now ready with "Penruddock." "I am in great anxiety," she
+wrote to Mr. Murray, "about your not informing me what Gifford says. I
+think it might be a civil way of giving me my death-warrant--if
+'Penruddock' does not."
+
+Whether the criticism of Mr. Gifford was too severe, or whether Mr.
+Murray was so much engaged in business and correspondence as to take no
+notice of Lady Caroline Lamb's communication, does not appear; but she
+felt the neglect, and immediately followed it up with another letter as
+follows:
+
+_Lady Caroline Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_December 8, 1822_.
+
+MY DEAR AND MOST OBSTINATELY SILENT SIR,
+
+From one until nine upon Tuesday I shall be at Melbourne House waiting
+for you; but if you wish to see the prettiest woman in England,--besides
+myself and William--be at Melbourne House at quarter to six, at which
+hour we dine; and if you will come at half-past one, or two, or three,
+to say you will dine and to ask me to forgive your inexorable and
+inhuman conduct, pray do, for I arrive at twelve in that said home and
+leave it at nine the ensuing morning. What can have happened to you that
+you will not write?
+
+The following letter from William Lamb (afterwards Lord Melbourne), the
+long-suffering and generous husband of this wayward lady, refers to a
+novel entitled "Ada Reis."
+
+_The Honble. William Lamb to John Murray_.
+
+_December 20, 1822_.
+
+"The incongruity of, and objections to, the story of 'Ada Reis' can only
+be got over by power of writing, beauty of sentiment, striking and
+effective situation, etc. If Mr. Gifford thinks there is in the first
+two volumes anything of excellence sufficient to overbalance their
+manifest faults, I still hope that he will press upon Lady Caroline the
+absolute necessity of carefully reconsidering and revising the third
+volume, and particularly the conclusion of the novel.
+
+"Mr. Gifford, I dare say, will agree with me that since the time of
+Lucian all the representations of the infernal regions, which have been
+attempted by satirical writers, such as 'Fielding's Journey from this
+World to the Next,' have been feeble and flat. The sketch in "Ada Reis"
+is commonplace in its observations and altogether insufficient, and it
+would not do now to come with a decisive failure in an attempt of
+considerable boldness. I think, if it were thought that anything could
+be done with the novel, and that the faults of its design and structure
+can be got over, that I could put her in the way of writing up this part
+a little, and giving it something of strength, spirit, and novelty, and
+of making it at once more moral and more interesting. I wish you would
+communicate these my hasty suggestions to Mr. Gifford, and he will see
+the propriety of pressing Lady Caroline to take a little more time to
+this part of the novel. She will be guided by his authority, and her
+fault at present is to be too hasty and too impatient of the trouble of
+correcting and recasting what is faulty."
+
+"Ada Reis" was published in March 1823.
+
+Another of England's Prime Ministers, Lord John Russell, had in
+contemplation a History of Europe, and consulted Mr. Murray on the
+subject. A first volume, entitled "The Affairs of Europe," was published
+without the author's name on the title-page, and a few years later
+another volume was published, but it remained an unfinished work. Lord
+John was an ambitious and restless author; without steady perseverance
+in any branch of literature; he went from poems to tragedies, from
+tragedies to memoirs, then to history, tales, translations of part of
+the "Odyssey," essays (by the Gentleman who left his Lodgings), and then
+to memoirs and histories again. Mr. Croker said of his "Don Carlos": "It
+is not easy to find any poetry, or even oratory, of the present day
+delivered with such cold and heavy diction, such distorted tropes and
+disjointed limbs of similes worn to the bones long ago."
+
+Another work that excited greater interest than Lord John Russell's
+anonymous history was Mr. James Morier's "Hajji Baba." Mr. Morier had in
+his youth travelled through the East, especially in Persia, where he
+held a post under Sir Gore Ouseley, then English Ambassador. On his
+return to England, he published accounts of his travels; but his "Hajji
+Baba" was more read than any other of his works. Sir Walter Scott was
+especially pleased with it, and remarked that "Hajji Baba" might be
+termed the Oriental "Gil Bias." Mr. Morier afterwards published "The
+Adventures of Hajji Baba in England," as well as other works of an
+Eastern character. The following letter, written by the Persian Envoy in
+England, Miiza Abul Hassan, shows the impression created by English
+society on a foreigner in April 1824:
+
+_Letter from the Persian Envoy, Mirza Abul Hassan, to the London
+Gentleman without, who lately wrote letter to him and ask very much to
+give answer_.
+
+_April 3, 1824._
+
+SIR, MY LORD,
+
+When you write to me some time ago to give my thought of what I see good
+and bad this country, that time I not speak English very well. Now I
+read, I write much little better. Now I give to you my think. In this
+country bad not too much, everything very good. But suppose I not tell
+something little bad, then you say I tell all flattery--therefore I tell
+most bad thing. I not like such crowd in evening party every night. In
+cold weather not very good, now hot weather, much too bad. I very much
+astonish every day now much hot than before, evening parties much crowd
+than before. Pretty beautiful ladies come sweat, that not very good. I
+always afraid some old lady in crowd come dead, that not very good, and
+spoil my happiness. I think old ladies after 85 years not come to
+evening party, that much better. Why for take so much trouble? Some
+other thing rather bad. Very beautiful young lady she got ugly fellow
+for husband, that not very good, very shocking. I ask Sr Gore [Sir Gore
+Ouseley] why for this. He says me--"perhaps he very good man, not
+handsome; no matter, perhaps he got too much money, perhaps got title."
+I say I not like that, all very shocking. This all bad I know. Now I say
+good. English people all very good people. All very happy. Do what they
+like, say what like, write in newspaper what like. I love English people
+very much, they very civil to me. I tell my King English love Persian
+very much. English King best man in world, he love his people very good
+much; he speak very kind to me, I love him very much. Queen very best
+woman I ever saw. Prince of Wales such a fine elegant beautiful man. I
+not understand English enough proper to praise him, he too great for my
+language. I respect him same as my own King. I love him much better, his
+manner all same as talisman and charm. All the Princes very fine men,
+very handsome men, very sweet words, very affable. I like all too much.
+I think the ladies and gentlemen this country most high rank, high
+honour, very rich, except two or three most good, very kind to inferior
+peoples. This very good. I go to see Chelsea. All old men sit on grass
+in shade of fine tree, fine river run by, beautiful place, plenty to
+eat, drink, good coat, everything very good. Sir Gore he tell me King
+Charles and King Jame. I say Sir Gore, They not Musselman, but I think
+God love them very much. I think God he love the King very well for
+keeping up that charity. Then I see one small regiment of children go to
+dinner, one small boy he say thanks to God for eat, for drink, for
+clothes, other little boys they all answer Amen. Then I cry a little, my
+heart too much pleased. This all very good for two things--one thing,
+God very much please; two things, soldiers fight much better, because
+see their good King take care of old wounded fathers and little
+children. Then I go to Greenwich, that too good place, such a fine sight
+make me a little sick for joy. All old men so happy, eat dinner, so
+well, fine house, fine beds--all very good. This very good country.
+English ladies very handsome, very beautiful. I travel great deal. I go
+Arabia, I go Calcutta, Hyderabad, Poonah, Bombay, Georgia, Armenia,
+Constantinople, Malta, Gibraltar. I see best Georgia, Circassian,
+Turkish, Greek ladies, but nothing not so beautiful as English ladies,
+all very clever, speak French, speak English, speak Italian, play music
+very well, sing very good. Very glad for me if Persian ladies like them.
+But English ladies speak such sweet words. I think tell a little
+story--that not very good.
+
+One thing more I see but I not understand that thing good or bad. Last
+Thursday I see some fine horses, fine carriages, thousand people go to
+look that carriages. I ask why for? They say me, that gentleman on boxes
+they drive their own carriages. I say why for take so much trouble? They
+say me he drive very well; that very good thing. It rain very hard, some
+lord some gentleman he get very wet. I say why he not go inside? They
+tell me good coachman not mind get wet every day, will be much ashamed
+if go inside; that I not understand.
+
+Sir, my Lord, good-night,
+
+ABUL HASSAN.
+
+
+Mr. Murray invariably consulted Mr. Barrow as to any works on voyages or
+travels he was required to publish, and found him a faithful adviser.
+The following expression of opinion, from one with so large an
+experience, is interesting:
+
+_Mr. J. Barrow to John Murray_.
+
+_March 28, 1823._
+
+"I need not tell you that caprice rather than merit governs the sale of
+a work. If instances are wanting, I might quote those of Belzoni and
+Hamilton. [Footnote: This reference probably refers to Walter Hamilton's
+"Description of Hindostan and adjacent Countries," published a few years
+before.] The first absolute trumpery when put in competition with the
+second; yet the former, I believe, sold about ten times the number of
+the latter."
+
+Another little book published about this time has a curious history, and
+illustrates the lottery of book publishing. Mrs. Markham's [Footnote:
+This lady's real name was Mrs. Penrose.] "History of England" was first
+published by Constable, but it fell still-born from the press. Mr.
+Murray, discerning the merit of the work in 1824, bought the remainder
+of 333 copies from Constable, and had it revised, corrected, and
+enlarged, and brought out in an entirely new form. He placed it in his
+list of school books, and pushed it among the teachers throughout the
+country, until at length it obtained a very large and regular
+circulation. The book has subsequently undergone frequent revision, and
+down to the present date it continues to be a great favourite,
+especially in ladies' schools.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII
+
+GIFFORD'S RETIREMENT FROM THE EDITORSHIP OF THE "QUARTERLY"--AND DEATH
+
+
+It had for some time been evident, as has been shown in a previous
+chapter, that Gifford was becoming physically incapable of carrying on
+the Editorship of the _Quarterly Review_, but an occasional respite from
+the pressure of sickness, as well as his own unwillingness to abandon
+his connection with a work which he regarded with paternal affection,
+and Murray's difficulty in finding a worthy successor, combined to
+induce him to remain at his post.
+
+He accordingly undertook to carry on his editorial duties till the
+publication of the 60th number, aided and supported by the active energy
+of Barrow and Croker, who, in conjunction with the publisher, did most
+of the necessary drudgery.
+
+In December 1823 Canning had written to say that he was in bed with the
+gout; to this Gifford replied:
+
+
+MY DEAR CANNING,
+
+I wish you had a pleasanter bedfellow; but here am I on the sofa with a
+cough, and a very disagreeable associate I find it. Old Moore, I think,
+died all but his voice, and my voice is nearly dead before me; in other
+respects, I am much as I was when you saw me, and this weather is in my
+favour.... I have promised Murray to try to carry on the _Review_ to the
+60th number; the 58th is now nearly finished. This seems a desperate
+promise, and beyond it I will not, cannot go; for, at best, as the old
+philosopher said, I am dying at my ease, as my complaint has taken a
+consumptive turn. The vultures already scent the carcase, and three or
+four _Quarterly Reviews_ are about to start. One is to be set up by
+Haygarth, whom I think I once mentioned to you as talked of to succeed
+me, but he is now in open hostility to Murray; another is to be called
+the _Westminster Quarterly Review_, and will, if I may judge from the
+professions of impartiality, be a decided Opposition Journal. They will
+all have their little day, perhaps, and then drop into the grave of
+their predecessors. The worst is that we cannot yet light upon a fit and
+promising successor.
+
+Ever, my dear Canning,
+
+Faithfully and affectionately yours,
+
+WILLIAM GIFFORD.
+
+This state of matters could not be allowed to go on much longer;
+sometimes a quarter passed without a number appearing; in 1824 only two
+_Quarterlies_ appeared--No. 60, due in January, but only published in
+August; and No. 61, due in April, but published in December. An
+expostulation came from Croker to Murray (January 23, 1824):
+
+"Have you made up _your mind_ about an editor? Southey has written to me
+on the subject, as if you had, and as if he knew your choice; I do not
+like to answer him before I know what I am to say. Will you dine at
+Kensington on Sunday at 6?"
+
+Southey had long been meditating about the editorship. It never appears
+to have been actually offered to him, but his name, as we have already
+seen, was often mentioned in connection with it. He preferred, however,
+going on with his own works and remaining a contributor only. Politics,
+too, may have influenced him, for we find him writing to Mr. Murray on
+December 15, 1824: "The time cannot be far distant when the _Q.R._ must
+take its part upon a most momentous subject, and choose between Mr.
+Canning and the Church. I have always considered it as one of the
+greatest errors in the management of the _Review_ that it should have
+been silent upon that subject so long." So far as regarded his position
+as a contributor, Southey expressed his opinion to Murray explicitly:
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_October 25, 1824_.
+
+"No future Editor, be he who he may, must expect to exercise the same
+discretion over my papers which Mr. Gifford has done. I will at any time
+curtail what may be deemed too long, and consider any objections that
+may be made, with a disposition to defer to them when it can be done
+without sacrificing my own judgment upon points which may seem to me
+important. But my age and (I may add without arrogance) the rank which I
+hold in literature entitle me to say that I will never again write under
+the correction of any one."
+
+Gifford's resignation is announced in the following letter to Canning
+(September 8, 1824):
+
+_Mr. W. Gifford to the Rt. Hon. G. Canning_.
+
+_September 8, 1824_.
+
+MY DEAR CANNING,
+
+I have laid aside my Regalia, and King Gifford, first of the name, is
+now no more, as Sir Andrew Aguecheek says, "than an ordinary mortal or a
+Christian." It is necessary to tell you this, for, with the exception of
+a dark cloud which has come over Murray's brow, no prodigies in earth or
+air, as far as I have heard, have announced it.
+
+It is now exactly sixteen years ago since your letter invited or
+encouraged me to take the throne. I did not mount it without a trembling
+fit; but I was promised support, and I have been nobly supported. As far
+as regards myself, I have borne my faculties soberly, if not meekly. I
+have resisted, with undeviating firmness, every attempt to encroach upon
+me, every solicitation of publisher, author, friend, or friend's friend,
+and turned not a jot aside for power or delight. In consequence of this
+integrity of purpose, the Review has long possessed a degree of
+influence, not only in this, but in other countries hitherto unknown;
+and I have the satisfaction, at this late hour, of seeing it in its most
+palmy state. No number has sold better than the sixtieth.
+
+But there is a sad tale to tell. For the last three years I have
+perceived the mastery which disease and age were acquiring over a
+constitution battered and torn at the best, and have been perpetually
+urging Murray to look about for a successor, while I begged Coplestone,
+Blomfield, and others to assist the search. All has been ineffectual.
+Murray, indeed, has been foolishly flattering himself that I might be
+cajoled on from number to number, and has not, therefore, exerted
+himself as he ought to have done; but the rest have been in earnest. Do
+you know any one? I once thought of Robert Grant; but he proved timid,
+and indeed his saintly propensities would render him suspected. Reginald
+Heber, whom I should have preferred to any one, was snatched from me for
+a far higher object.
+
+I have been offered a Doctor's Degree, and when I declined it, on
+account of my inability to appear in public, my own college (Exeter)
+most kindly offered to confer it on me in private; that is, at the
+Rector's lodgings. This, too, I declined, and begged the Dean of
+Westminster, who has a living in the neighbourhood, to excuse me as
+handsomely as he could. It might, for aught I know, be a hard race
+between a shroud and a gown which shall get me first; at any rate, it
+was too late for honours.
+
+Faithfully and affectionately yours,
+
+WILLIAM GIFFORD.
+
+Mr. J.T. Coleridge had long been regarded as the most eligible
+successor to Mr. Gifford, and on him the choice now fell. Mr. Murray
+forwarded the reply of Mr. Coleridge which contained his acceptance of
+the editorship to Mr. Gifford, accompanied by the following note:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Gifford_.
+
+WHITEHALL PLACE,
+
+_December 11, 1824_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I shall not attempt to express the feelings with which I communicate the
+enclosed answer to the proposal which I suspect it would have been
+thought contemptible in me any longer to have delayed, and all that I
+can find to console myself with is the hope that I may be able to evince
+my gratitude to you during life, and to your memory, if it so please the
+Almighty that I am to be the survivor.
+
+I am your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Mr. Murray lost no time in informing his friends of the new arrangement.
+
+Gifford lived for about two years more, and continued to entertain many
+kind thoughts of his friends and fellow-contributors: his intercourse
+with his publisher was as close and intimate as ever to the end.
+
+The last month of Gifford's life was but a slow dying. He was sleepless,
+feverish, oppressed by an extreme difficulty of breathing, which often
+entirely deprived him of speech; and his sight had failed. Towards the
+end of his life he would sometimes take up a pen, and after a vain
+attempt to write, would throw it down, saying, "No, my work is done!"
+Even thinking caused him pain. As his last hour drew near, his mind
+began to wander. "These books have driven me mad," he once said, "I must
+read my prayers." He passed gradually away, his pulse ceasing to beat
+five hours before his death. And then he slept out of life, on December
+31, 1826, in his 68th year--a few months before the death of Canning.
+
+Mr. Gifford desired that he should be buried in the ground attached to
+Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street, where he had interred Annie
+Davies, his faithful old housekeeper, but his friends made application
+for his interment in Westminster Abbey, which was acceded to, and he was
+buried there accordingly on January 8, 1827, immediately under the
+monuments of Camden and Garrick. He was much richer at the time of his
+death than he was at all aware of, for he was perfectly indifferent
+about money. Indeed, he several times returned money to Mr. Murray,
+saying that "he had been too liberal." He left L25,000 of personal
+property, a considerable part of which he left to the relatives of Mr.
+Cookesley, the surgeon of Ashburton, who had been to him so faithful and
+self-denying a friend in his early life. To Mr. Murray he left L100 as a
+memorial, and also 500 guineas, to enable him to reimburse a military
+gentleman, to whom, jointly with Mr. Cookesley, he appears to have been
+bound for that sum at a former period.
+
+Gifford has earned, but it is now generally recognised that he has
+unjustly earned, the character of a severe, if not a bitter critic.
+Possessing an unusually keen discernment of genuine excellence, and a
+scathing power of denunciation of what was false or bad in literature,
+he formed his judgments in accordance with a very high standard of
+merit. Sir Walter Scott said of his "Baviad and Maeviad, that "he
+squashed at one blow a set of coxcombs who might have humbugged the
+world long enough." His critical temper, however, was in truth
+exceptionally equable; regarding it as his duty to encourage all that
+was good and elevating, and relentlessly to denounce all that was bad or
+tended to lower the tone of literature, he conscientiously acted up to
+the standard by which he judged others, and never allowed personal
+feeling to intrude upon his official judgments.
+
+It need scarcely be said that he proved himself an excellent editor, and
+that he entertained a high idea of the duties of that office. William
+Jerdan, who was introduced to Gifford by Canning, said: "I speak of him
+as he always was to me--full of gentleness, a sagacious adviser and
+instructor, upon so comprehensive a scale, that I never met his superior
+among the men of the age most renowned for vast information, and his
+captivating power in communicating it." His sagacity and quickness of
+apprehension were remarkable, as was also the extraordinary rapidity
+with which he was able to eviscerate a work, and summarize its contents
+in a few pages.
+
+The number of articles which he himself wrote was comparatively small,
+for he confined himself for the most part to revising and improving the
+criticisms of others, and though in thus dealing with articles submitted
+to him he frequently erased what the writers considered some of their
+best criticisms, he never lost their friendship and support. He disliked
+incurring any obligation which might in any degree shackle the
+expression of his free opinions. In conjunction with Mr. Murray, he laid
+down a rule, which as we have already seen was advocated by Scott, and
+to which no exception has ever been made, that every writer in the
+_Quarterly_ should receive payment for his contribution. On one
+occasion, when a gentleman in office would not receive the money, the
+article was returned. "I am not more certain of many conjectures," says
+Jerdan, "than I am of this, that he never propagated a dishonest opinion
+nor did a dishonest act."
+
+Gifford took no notice of the ferocious attacks made upon him by Hunt
+and Hazlitt. Holding, as he did, that inviolable secrecy was one of the
+prime functions of an editor--though the practice has since become very
+different--he never attempted to vindicate himself, or to reveal the
+secret as to the writers of the reviews. In accordance with his plan of
+secrecy, he desired Dr. Ireland, his executor, to destroy all
+confidential letters, especially those relating to the _Review_, so that
+the names of the authors, as well as the prices paid for each article,
+might never be known.
+
+In society, of which he saw but little, except at Mr. Murray's, he was
+very entertaining. He told a story remarkably well; and had an
+inexhaustible supply; the archness of his eyes and countenance making
+them all equally good.
+
+He had never been married; but although he had no children, he had an
+exceeding love for them. When well, he delighted in giving juvenile
+parties, and rejoiced at seeing the children frisking about in the
+happiness of youth--a contrast which threw the misery of his own early
+life into strange relief. His domestic favourites were his dog and his
+cat, both of which he dearly loved. He was also most kind and generous
+to his domestic servants; and all who knew him well, sorrowfully
+lamented his death.
+
+Many years after Gifford's death, a venomous article upon him appeared
+in a London periodical. The chief point of this anonymous attack was
+contained in certain extracts from the writings of Sir W. Scott,
+Southey, and other eminent contemporaries of Mr. Gifford. Mr. R.W. Hay,
+one of the oldest contributors to the _Quarterly_, was at that time
+still living, and, in allusion to the article in question, he wrote to
+Mr. Murray's son:
+
+_Mr. R.W. Hay to Mr. Murray_.
+
+_July 7, 1856_.
+
+It is wholly worthless, excepting as it contains strictures of Sir W.
+Scott, Southey, and John Wilson on the critical character of the late
+Wm. Gifford. I by no means subscribe to all that is said by these
+distinguished individuals on the subject, and I cannot help suspecting
+that the high station in literature which they occupied rendered them
+more than commonly sensitive to the corrections and erasures which were
+proposed by the editor. Sir Walter (great man as he was) was perfectly
+capable of writing so carelessly as to require correction, and both
+Southey and John Wilson might occasionally have brought forth opinions,
+on political and other matters, which were not in keeping with the
+general tone of the _Quarterly Review_. That poor Gifford was deformed
+in figure, feeble in health, unhappily for him there can be no denying,
+but that he had any pleasure in tormenting, as asserted by some, that he
+indulged in needless criticism without any regard to the feelings of
+those who were under his lash, I am quite satisfied cannot justly be
+maintained. In my small dealings with the _Review_, I only found the
+editor most kind and considerate. His amendments and alterations I
+generally at once concurred in, and I especially remember in one of the
+early articles, that he diminished the number of Latin quotations very
+much to its advantage; that his heart was quite in the right place I
+have had perfect means of knowing from more than one circumstance,
+_e.g._, his anxiety for the welfare of his friend Hoppner the painter's
+children was displayed in the variety of modes which he adopted to
+assist them, and when John Gait was sorely maltreated in the _Review_ in
+consequence of his having attributed to me, incorrectly, an article
+which occasioned his wrath and indignation, and afterwards was exposed
+to many embarrassments in life, Gifford most kindly took up his cause,
+and did all he could to further the promotion of his family. That our
+poor friend should have been exposed throughout the most part of his
+life to the strong dislike of the greatest part of the community is not
+unnatural. As the _redacteur_ of the _Anti-Jacobin_, etc., he, in the
+latter part of the last century, drew upon himself the hostile attacks
+of all the modern philosophers of the age, and of all those who hailed
+with applause the dawn of liberty in the French Revolution; as editor of
+the _Quarterly Review_, he acquired in addition to the former hosts of
+enemies, the undisguised hatred of all the Whigs and Liberals, who were
+for making peace with Bonaparte, and for destroying the settled order of
+things in this country. In the present generation, when the feeling of
+national hatred against France has entirely subsided, and party feelings
+have so much gone by that no man can say to which party any public man
+belongs, it is impossible for anyone to comprehend the state of public
+feeling which prevailed during the great war of the Revolution, and for
+some years after its termination. Gifford was deeply imbued with all the
+sentiments on public matters which prevailed in his time, and, as some
+people have a hatred of a cat, and others of a toad, so our friend felt
+uneasy when a Frenchman was named; and buckled on his armour of
+criticism whenever a Liberal or even a Whig was brought under his
+notice; and although in the present day there appears to be a greater
+indulgence to crime amongst judges and juries, and perhaps a more
+lenient system of criticism is adopted by reviewers, I am not sure that
+any public advantage is gained by having Ticket of Leave men, who ought
+to be in New South Wales, let loose upon the English world by the
+unchecked appearance of a vast deal of spurious literature, which ought
+to have withered under the severe blasts of Criticism.
+
+Believe yours very truly,
+
+R.W. HAY.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE "REPRESENTATIVE"
+
+
+Mr. Murray had for long been desirous of publishing a journal which
+should appear more frequently than once a quarter, more especially after
+the discontinuance of his interest in Blackwood's magazine. In 1825 he
+conceived the more ambitious design of publishing a daily morning paper,
+a project now chiefly interesting from the fact that in this venture he
+had the assistance of the future Lord Beaconsfield. The intimacy which
+existed between the Murrays and D'Israelis had afforded Mr. Murray
+exceptional opportunities of forming an opinion of Benjamin's character,
+and he saw with delight the rapidly developing capacities of his old
+friend's son. Even in his eighteenth year Benjamin was consulted by Mr.
+Murray as to the merits of a MS., and two years later he wrote a novel
+entitled "Aylmer Papillon," which did not see the light. He also edited
+a "History of Paul Jones, Admiral in the Russian Navy," written by
+Theophilus Smart, an American, and originally published in the United
+States.
+
+Young Disraeli was already gifted with a power of influencing others,
+unusual in a man of his age. He was eloquent, persuasive, and ingenious,
+and even then, as in future years, when he became a leading figure in
+the political world, he had the power of drawing others over to the
+views which he entertained, however different they might be from their
+own. Looking merely to his literary career as a successful novel writer,
+his correspondence with Mr. Murray about his proposed work of "Aylmer
+Papillon" is not without interest.
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_May_, 1824.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Your very kind letter induces me to trouble you with this most trivial
+of trifles. My plan has been in these few pages so to mix up any
+observations which I had to make on the present state of society with
+the bustle and hurry of a story, that my satire should never be
+protruded on my reader. If you will look at the last chapter but one,
+entitled "Lady Modeley's," you will see what I mean better than I can
+express it. The first pages of that chapter I have written in the same
+manner as I would a common novel, but I have endeavoured to put in
+_action_ at the _end_, the present fashion of getting on in the world. I
+write no humbug about "candidly giving your opinion, etc., etc." You
+must be aware that you cannot do me a greater favour than refusing to
+publish it, if you think _it won't do_; and who should be a better judge
+than yourself?
+
+Believe me ever to be, my dear Sir,
+
+Your most faithful and obliged,
+
+B. DISRAELI. [Footnote: It will be observed that while the father
+maintained the older spelling of the name, the son invariably writes it
+thus.]
+
+P.S.--The second and the last chapters are unfortunately mislaid, but
+they have no particular connection with the story. They are both very
+short, the first contains an adventure on the road, and the last Mr.
+Papillon's banishment under the Alien Act from a ministerial
+misconception of a metaphysical sonnet.
+
+Thursday morn.: Excuse want of seal, as we're doing a bit of summer
+to-day, and there is not a fire in the house.
+
+
+FREDERICK PLACE, _May_ 25, 1824.
+
+1/2 past 1 o'clock A.M.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+The travels, to which I alluded this morning, would not bind up with
+"Parry," since a moderate duodecimo would contain the adventures of a
+certain Mr. Aylmer Papillon in a _terra incognita_. I certainly should
+never have mentioned them had I been aware that you were so very much
+engaged, and I only allude to them once more that no confusion may arise
+from the half-explanations given this morning. You will oblige me by not
+mentioning this to anybody.
+
+Believe me to be, my dear Sir,
+
+Your very faithful and obliged Servant,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+
+FREDERICK PLACE, _June_ 1824.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Until I received your note this morning I had flattered myself that my
+indiscretion had been forgotten. It is to me a matter of great regret
+that, as appears by your letter, any more trouble should be given
+respecting this unfortunate MS., which will, most probably, be
+considered too crude a production for the public, and which, if it is
+even imagined to possess any interest, is certainly too late for this
+season, and will be obsolete in the next. I think, therefore, that the
+sooner it be put behind the fire the better, and as you have some small
+experience in burning MSS., [Footnote: Byron's Memoirs had been burnt at
+Albemarle Street during the preceding month.] you will be perhaps so
+kind as to consign it to the flames. Once more apologising for all the
+trouble I have given you, I remain ever, my dear Sir,
+
+Yours very faithfully,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Murray had a special regard for the remarkable young man, and by degrees
+had thoroughly taken him into his confidence; had related to him his
+experiences of men and affairs, and ere long began to consult him about
+a variety of schemes and projects. These long confidential
+communications led eventually to the suggestion of a much more ambitious
+and hazardous scheme, the establishment of a daily paper in the
+Conservative interest. Daring as this must appear, Murray was encouraged
+in it by the recollection of the success which had attended the
+foundation of the _Quarterly_, and believed, rashly, that his personal
+energy and resources, aided by the abilities displayed by his young
+counsellor, would lead to equal success. He evidently had too
+superficially weighed the enormous difficulties of this far greater
+undertaking, and the vast difference between the conduct of a _Quarterly
+Review_ and a daily newspaper.
+
+Intent upon gaining a position in the world, Benjamin Disraeli saw a
+prospect of advancing his own interests-by obtaining the influential
+position of director of a Conservative daily paper, which he fully
+imagined was destined to equal the _Times_, and he succeeded in imbuing
+Murray with the like fallacious hopes.
+
+The emancipation of the Colonies of Spain in South America in 1824-25
+gave rise to much speculation in the money market in the expectation of
+developing the resources of that country, especially its mines. Shares,
+stocks, and loans were issued to an unlimited extent.
+
+Mr. Benjamin Disraeli seems to have thrown himself into the vortex, for
+he became connected with at least one financial firm in the City, that
+of Messrs. Powles, and employed his abilities in writing several
+pamphlets on the subject. This led to his inducing Messrs. Powles to
+embark with him in the scheme of a daily paper. At length an arrangement
+was entered into, by which John Murray, J.D. Powles, and Benjamin
+Disraeli were to become the joint proprietors of the proposed new
+journal. The arrangement was as follows:
+
+MEMORANDUM.
+
+LONDON, _August_ 3, 1825.
+
+The undersigned parties agree to establish a Morning Paper, the property
+in which is to be in the following proportions, viz.:
+
+Mr. Murray.... One-half. Mr. Powles.... One-quarter. Mr. Disraeli....
+One-quarter.
+
+Each party contributing to the expense, capital, and risk, in those
+proportions.
+
+The paper to be published by, and be under the management of Mr. Murray.
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+J.D. POWLES.
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Such was the memorandum of agreement entered into with a view to the
+publication of the new morning paper, eventually called the
+_Representative_. As the first number was to appear in January 1826,
+there was little time to be lost in making the necessary arrangements
+for its publication. In the first place, an able editor had to be found;
+and, perhaps of almost equal importance, an able subeditor. Trustworthy
+reporters had to be engaged; foreign and home correspondents had also to
+be selected with care; a printing office had to be taken; all the
+necessary plant and apparatus had to be provided, and a staff of men
+brought together preliminary to the opening day.
+
+The most important point in connection with the proposed journal was to
+find the editor. Mr. Murray had been so ably assisted by Sir Walter
+Scott in the projection of the _Quarterly Review_, that he resolved to
+consult him on the subject; and this mission was undertaken by Benjamin
+Disraeli, part proprietor of the intended daily journal, though he was
+then only twenty years old. It was hoped that Mr. Lockhart, Sir Walter
+Scott's son-in-law, might be induced to undertake the editorship. The
+following are Mr. Disraeli's letters to Mr. Murray, giving an account of
+the progress of his negotiations. It will be observed that he surrounds
+the subject with a degree of mystery, through the names which he gives
+to the gentlemen whom he interviewed. Thus the Chevalier is Sir Walter
+Scott; M. is Mr. Lockhart; X. is Mr. Canning; O. is the political Puck
+(could this be himself?); and Chronometer is Mr. Barrow.
+
+On reaching Edinburgh, Mr. Disraeli wrote to Mr. Murray the following
+account of his first journey across the Border:
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+ROYAL HOTEL, EDINBURGH. _September_ 21, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived in Edinburgh yesterday night at 11 o'clock. I slept at
+Stamford, York, and Newcastle, and by so doing felt quite fresh at the
+end of my journey. I never preconceived a place better than Edinburgh.
+It is exactly what I fancied it, and certainly is the most beautiful
+town in the world. You can scarcely call it a city; at least, it has
+little of the roar of millions, and at this time is of course very
+empty. I could not enter Scotland by the route you pointed out, and
+therefore was unable to ascertain the fact of the Chevalier being at his
+Castellum. I should in that case have gone by Carlisle. I called on the
+gentleman to whom Wright [Footnote: A solicitor in London, and friend of
+both parties, who had been consulted in the negotiations.] gave me a
+letter this morning. He is at his country house; he will get a letter
+from me this morning. You see, therefore, that I have lost little time.
+
+I called at Oliver & Boyd's this morning, thinking that you might have
+written. You had not, however. When you write to me, enclose to them, as
+they will forward, wherever I may be, and my stay at an hotel is always
+uncertain. Mr. Boyd was most particularly civil. Their establishment is
+one of the completest I have ever seen. They are booksellers,
+bookbinders, and printers, all under the same roof; everything but
+making paper. I intend to examine the whole minutely before I leave, as
+it may be useful. I never thought of binding. Suppose you were to sew,
+etc., your own publications?
+
+I arrived at York in the midst of the Grand [Musical] Festival. It was
+late at night when I arrived, but the streets were crowded, and
+continued so for hours. I never witnessed a city in such an extreme
+bustle, and so delightfully gay. It was a perfect carnival. I postponed
+my journey from five in the morning to eleven, and by so doing got an
+hour for the Minster, where I witnessed a scene which must have far
+surpassed, by all accounts, the celebrated commemoration in Westminster
+Abbey. York Minster baffles all conception. Westminster Abbey is a toy
+to it. I think it is impossible to conceive of what Gothic architecture
+is susceptible until you see York. I speak with cathedrals of the
+Netherlands and the Rhine fresh in my memory. I witnessed in York
+another splendid sight--the pouring in of all the nobility and gentry of
+the neighbourhood and the neighbouring counties. The four-in-hands of
+the Yorkshire squires, the splendid rivalry in liveries and outriders,
+and the immense quantity of gorgeous equipages--numbers with four
+horses--formed a scene which you can only witness in the mighty and
+aristocratic county of York. It beat a Drawing Room hollow, as much as
+an oratorio in York Minster does a concert in the Opera House. This
+delightful stay at York quite refreshed me, and I am not the least
+fatigued by my journey.
+
+As I have only been in Edinburgh a few hours, of course I have little to
+say. I shall write immediately that anything occurs. Kindest
+remembrances to Mrs. Murray and all.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+I find Froissart a most entertaining companion, just the fellow for a
+traveller's evening; and just the work too, for it needs neither books
+of reference nor accumulations of MS.
+
+
+ROYAL HOTEL, EDINBURGH, _Sunday_.
+
+_September_ 22, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I sent a despatch by Saturday night's post, directed to Mr. Barrow. You
+have doubtless received it safe. As I consider you are anxious to hear
+minutely of the state of my operations, I again send you a few lines. I
+received this morning a very polite letter from L[ockhart]. He had just
+received that morning (Saturday) Wright's letter. I enclose you a copy
+of L.'s letter, as it will be interesting to you to see or judge what
+effect was produced on his mind by its perusal. I have written to-day to
+say that I will call at Chiefswood [Footnote: Chiefswood, where Lockhart
+then lived, is about two miles distant from Abbotsford. Sir Walter Scott
+describes it as "a nice little cottage, in a glen belonging to this
+property, with a rivulet in front, and a grove of trees on the east side
+to keep away the cold wind."] on Tuesday. I intend to go to Melrose
+tomorrow, but as I will not take the chance of meeting him the least
+tired, I shall sleep at Melrose and call on the following morning. I
+shall, of course, accept his offer of staying there. I shall call again
+at B[oyd]'s before my departure to-morrow, to see if there is any
+despatch from you.... I shall continue to give you advice of all my
+movements. You will agree with me that I have at least not lost any
+time, but that all things have gone very well as yet. There is of course
+no danger in our communications of anything unfairly transpiring; but
+from the very delicate nature of names interested, it will be expedient
+to adopt some cloak.
+
+_The Chevalier_ will speak for itself.
+
+M., from Melrose, for Mr. L.
+
+X. for a certain personage on whom we called one day, who lives a slight
+distance from town, and who was then unwell.
+
+O. for the political Puck.
+
+MR. CHRONOMETER will speak for itself, at least to all those who give
+African dinners.
+
+I think this necessary, and try to remember it. I am quite delighted
+with Edinburgh, Its beauties become every moment more apparent. The view
+from the Calton Hill finds me a frequent votary. In the present state of
+affairs, I suppose it will not be expedient to leave the letter for Mrs.
+Bruce. It will seem odd; p.p.c. at the same moment I bring a letter of
+introduction. If I return to Edinburgh, I can avail myself of it. If the
+letter contains anything which would otherwise make Mrs. Murray wish it
+to be left, let me know. I revel in the various beauties of a Scotch
+breakfast. Cold grouse and marmalade find me, however, constant.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+
+The letter of Mr. Lockhart, to which Mr. Disraeli refers, ran as
+follows:
+
+_Mr. J.G. Lockhart to Mr. B. Disraeli_.
+
+"The business to which the letter [of Mr. Wright] refers entitles it to
+much consideration. As yet I have had no leisure nor means to form even
+an approximation towards any opinion as to the proposal Mr. W. mentions,
+far less to commit my friend. In a word, I am perfectly in the dark as
+to everything else, except that I am sure it will give Mrs. Lockhart and
+myself very great pleasure to see Mr. Disraeli under this roof.... If
+you had no other object in view, I flatter myself that this
+neighbourhood has, in Melrose and Abbotsford, some attractions not
+unworthy of your notice."
+
+Mr. Disraeli paid his promised visit to Chiefswood. It appeared that Mr.
+Lockhart expected to receive Mr. Isaac D'Israeli, the well-known author
+of "The Curiosities of Literature"; instead of which, the person who
+appeared before him was Mr. D'Israeli's then unknown son Benjamin.
+
+
+_Mr. B, Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 25, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I arrived at Chiefswood yesterday. M. [Lockhart] had conceived that it
+was my father who was coming. He was led to believe this through
+Wright's letter. In addition, therefore, to his natural reserve, there
+was, of course, an evident disappointment at seeing me. Everything
+looked as black as possible. I shall not detain you now by informing you
+of fresh particulars. I leave them for when we meet. Suffice it to say
+that in a few hours we completely understood each other, and were upon
+the most intimate terms. M. enters into our views with a facility and
+readiness which were capital. He thinks that nothing can be more
+magnificent or excellent; but two points immediately occurred: First,
+the difficulty of his leaving Edinburgh without any ostensible purpose;
+and, secondly, the losing caste in society by so doing. He is fully
+aware that he may end by making his situation as important as any in the
+empire, but the primary difficulty is insurmountable.
+
+As regards his interest, I mentioned that he should be guaranteed, for
+three years, L1,000 per annum, and should take an eighth of every paper
+which was established, without risk, his income ceasing on his so doing.
+These are much better terms than we had imagined we could have made. The
+agreement is thought extremely handsome, both by him and the Chevalier;
+but the income is not imagined to be too large. However, I dropped that
+point, as it should be arranged with you when we all meet.
+
+The Chevalier breakfasted here to-day, and afterwards we were all three
+closeted together. The Chevalier entered into it excellently. He
+thought, however, that we could not depend upon Malcolm, Barrow, etc.,
+_keeping to it_; but this I do not fear. He, of course, has no idea of
+your influence or connections. With regard to the delicate point I
+mentioned, the Chevalier is willing to make any sacrifice in his
+personal comforts for Lockhart's advancement; but he feels that his
+son-in-law will "lose caste" by going to town without anything
+ostensible. He agrees with me that M. cannot accept an official
+situation of any kind, as it would compromise his independence, but he
+thinks _Parliament for M. indispensable_, and also very much to _our
+interest_. I dine at Abbotsford to-day, and we shall most probably again
+discuss matters.
+
+Now, these are the points which occur to me. When M. comes to town, it
+will be most important that it should be distinctly proved to him that
+he _will_ be supported by the great interests I have mentioned to him.
+He must see that, through Powles, all America and the Commercial
+Interest is at our beck; that Wilmot H., etc., not as mere
+under-secretary, but as our private friend, is most staunch; that the
+Chevalier is firm; that the West India Interest will pledge themselves
+that such men and in such situations as Barrow, etc., etc., are
+_distinctly in our power_; and finally, that he is coming to London, not
+to be an Editor of a Newspaper, but the Director-General of an immense
+organ, and at the head of a band of high-bred gentlemen and important
+interests.
+
+The Chevalier and M. have unburthened themselves to me in a manner the
+_most confidential_ that you can possibly conceive. Of M.'s capability,
+_perfect complete capability_, there is no manner of doubt. Of his sound
+principles, and of his real views in life, I could in a moment satisfy
+you. Rest assured, however, that you are dealing with a _perfect
+gentleman_. There has been no disguise to me of what has been done, and
+the Chevalier had a private conversation with me on the subject, of a
+nature _the most satisfactory_. With regard to other plans of ours, if
+we could get him up, we should find him invaluable. I have a most
+singular and secret history on this subject when we meet.
+
+Now, on the grand point--Parliament. M. cannot be a representative of a
+Government borough. It is impossible. He must be free as air. I am sure
+that if this could be arranged, all would be settled; but it is
+"_indispensable_," without you can suggest anything else. M. was two
+days in company with X. this summer, as well as X.'s and our friend, but
+nothing transpired of our views. This is a most favourable time to make
+a parliamentary arrangement. What do you think of making a confidant of
+Wilmot H[orton]? He is the kind of man who would be right pleased by
+such conduct. There is no harm of Lockhart's coming in for a Tory
+borough, because he is a Tory; but a Ministerial borough is impossible
+to be managed.
+
+If this point could be arranged, I have no doubt that I shall be able to
+organise, in the interest with which I am now engaged, a most _immense
+party_, and a _most serviceable one_. Be so kind as not to leave the
+vicinity of London, in case M. and myself come up _suddenly_; but I pray
+you, if you have any real desire to establish a mighty engine, to exert
+yourself at this present moment, and assist me to your very utmost.
+Write as soon as possible, to give me some idea of your movements, and
+direct to me here, as I shall then be sure to obtain your communication.
+The Chevalier and all here have the highest idea of Wright's _nous_, and
+think it most important that he should be at the head of the legal
+department. I write this despatch in the most extreme haste.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+On receiving the above letter and the previous communications, Mr.
+Murray sent them to Mr. Isaac D'Israeli for his perusal.
+
+_Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to Mr. Murray_.
+
+HYDE HOUSE, AMERSHAM,
+
+_September_ 29, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+How deeply I feel obliged and gratified by your confidential
+communication! I read repeatedly the third letter of our young
+plenipotentiary. I know nothing against him but his youth--a fault which
+a few seasons of experience will infallibly correct; but I have observed
+that the habits and experience he has acquired as a lawyer often greatly
+serve him in matters oL business. His views are vast, but they are baaed
+on good sense, and he is most determinedly serious when he sets to work.
+The Chevalier and M. seem to have received him with all the open
+confidence of men struck by a stranger, yet a stranger not wholly
+strange, and known enough to them to deserve their confidence if he
+could inspire it. I flatter myself he has fully--he must, if he has
+really had confidential intercourse with the Chevalier, and so
+confidently impresses you with so high and favourable a character of M.
+On your side, my dear Murray, no ordinary exertions will avail. You,
+too, have faith and confidence to inspire in them. You observe how the
+wary Northern Genius attempted to probe whether certain friends of yours
+would stand together; no doubt they wish to ascertain that point. Pardon
+me if I add, that in satisfying their cautious and anxious inquiries as
+to your influence with these persons, it may be wise to throw a little
+shade of mystery, and not to tell everything too openly at first;
+because, when objects are clearly defined, they do not affect our
+imaginations as when they are somewhat concealed.... Vast as the project
+seems, held up as it will be by personages of wealth, interests,
+politics, etc., whenever it is once set up, I should have no fears for
+the results, which are indeed the most important that one can well
+conceive.... Had the editor of "Paul Jones" consulted me a little, I
+could probably have furnished him with the account of the miserable end
+of his hero; and I am astonished it is not found, as you tell me, in
+your American biography. [Footnote: The last paragraph in Mr.
+D'Israeli's letter refers to "The Life of Paul Jones," which has been
+already mentioned. As the novel "Aylmer Papillon," written in 1824, was
+never published, the preface to "Paul Jones" was Benjamin's first
+appearance as an author.]
+
+Meanwhile, young Disraeli still remained with Mr. Lockhart at
+Chiefswood.
+
+_Mr. B, Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_September_, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am quite sure, that upon the business I am upon now every line will be
+acceptable, and I therefore make no apology for this hurried despatch. I
+have just received a parcel from Oliver & Boyd. I transmitted a letter
+from M. to Wright, and which [Footnote: This is an ungrammatical
+construction which Lord Beaconsfield to the end of his days never
+abandoned. _Vide_ letter on p. 318 and Lothair _passim_.--T.M.] was for
+your mutual consideration, to you, _via Chronometer_, last Friday. I
+afterwards received a note from you, dated Chichester, and fearing from
+that circumstance that some confusion would arise, I wrote a few lines
+to you at Mr. Holland's. [Footnote: The Rev. W. Holland, Mr. Murray's
+brother-in-law, was a minor canon of Chichester.] I now find that you
+will be in town on Monday, on which day I rather imagine the said
+letter from M. to Wright will arrive. I therefore trust that the
+suspected confusion will not arise.
+
+I am very much obliged to you for your letters; but I am very sorry that
+you have incurred any trouble, when it is most probable that I shall not
+use them. The Abbotsford and Chiefswood families have placed me on such
+a friendly and familiar footing, that it is utterly impossible for me to
+leave them while there exists any chance of M.'s going to England. M.
+has introduced me to most of the neighbouring gentry, and receives with
+a loud laugh any mention of my return to Edinburgh. I dined with Dr.
+Brewster the other day. He has a pretty place near Melrose. It is
+impossible for me to give to you any written idea of the beauty and
+unique character of Abbotsford. _Adio!_
+
+B.D.
+
+
+Mr. Murray continued to transmit the correspondence to Mr. Isaac
+D'Israeli, whose delight may be conceived from the following:
+
+_Mr. D'Israeli to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 9, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR FRIEND,
+
+Thanks! My warmest ones are poor returns for the ardent note you have so
+affectionately conveyed to me by him on whom we now both alike rest our
+hopes and our confidence. The more I think of this whole affair, from
+its obscure beginnings, the more I am quite overcome by what he has
+already achieved; never did the finest season of blossoms promise a
+richer gathering. But he has not the sole merit, for you share it with
+him, in the grand view you take of the capability of this new
+intellectual steam engine.
+
+
+In the following letter Lockhart definitely declined the editorship of
+the _Representative_.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 7, 1825.
+
+"I am afraid, that in spite of my earnest desire to be clear and
+explicit, you have not after all fully understood the inexpressible
+feeling I entertain in regard to the _impossibility_ of my ever entering
+into the career of London in the capacity of a newspaper editor. I
+confess that you, who have adorned and raised your own profession so
+highly, may feel inclined, and justly perhaps, to smile at some of my
+scruples; but it is enough to say that every hour that has elapsed since
+the idea was first started has only served to deepen and confirm the
+feeling with which I at the first moment regarded it; and, in short,
+that if such a game _ought_ to be played, I am neither young nor poor
+enough to be the man that takes the hazard."
+
+Sir Walter Scott also expressed his views on the subject as follows:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _Sunday_,
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Lockhart seems to wish that I would express my opinion of the plan which
+you have had the kindness to submit to him, and I am myself glad of an
+opportunity to express my sincere thanks for the great confidence you
+are willing to repose in one so near to me, and whom I value so highly.
+There is nothing in life that can be more interesting to me than his
+prosperity, and should there eventually appear a serious prospect of his
+bettering his fortunes by quitting Scotland, I have too much regard for
+him to desire him to remain, notwithstanding all the happiness I must
+lose by his absence and that of my daughter. The present state, however,
+of the negotiation leaves me little or no reason to think that I will be
+subjected to this deprivation, for I cannot conceive it advisable that
+he should leave Scotland on the speculation of becoming editor of a
+newspaper. It is very true that this department of literature may and
+ought to be rendered more respectable than it is at present, but I think
+this is a reformation more to be wished than hoped for, and should think
+it rash for any young man, of whatever talent, to sacrifice, nominally
+at least, a considerable portion of his respectability in society in
+hopes of being submitted as an exception to a rule which is at present
+pretty general. This might open the door to love of money, but it would
+effectually shut it against ambition.
+
+To leave Scotland, Lockhart must make very great sacrifices, for his
+views here, though moderate, are certain, his situation in public
+estimation and in private society is as high as that of any one at our
+Bar, and his road to the public open, if he chooses to assist his income
+by literary resources. But of the extent and value of these sacrifices
+he must himself be a judge, and a more unprejudiced one, probably, than
+I am.
+
+I am very glad he meets your wishes by going up to town, as this, though
+it should bear no further consequences, cannot but serve to show a
+grateful sense of the confidence and kindness of the parties concerned,
+and yours in particular.
+
+I beg kind compliments to Mr. D'Israeli, and am, dear sir, with best
+wishes for the success of your great national plan.
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+
+Although Mr. Lockhart hung back from the proposed editorship, he
+nevertheless carried out his intention of visiting Mr. Murray in London
+a few weeks after the date of the above letter. Mr. J.T. Coleridge had
+expressed his desire to resign the editorship of the _Quarterly_, in
+consequence of his rapidly increasing practice on the western circuit,
+and Mr. Lockhart was sounded as to his willingness to become his
+successor. Mr. Murray entertained the hope that he might be able to give
+a portion of his time to rendering some assistance in the management of
+the proposed newspaper. As Sir Walter Scott had been taken into their
+counsels, through the medium of Mr. Disraeli, Mr. Murray proceeded to
+correspond with him on the subject. From the draft of one of Mr.
+Murray's letters we extract the following:
+
+_John Murray to Sir Walter Scott_.
+
+_October_ 13, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR WALTER,
+
+I feel greatly obliged by the favour of your kind letter, and for the
+good opinion which you are disposed to entertain of certain plans, of
+which you will by degrees be enabled to form, I hope, a still more
+satisfactory estimate. At present, I will take the liberty of assuring
+you, that after your confidence in me, I will neither propose nor think
+of anything respecting Mr. Lockhart that has not clearly for its basis
+the honour of his family. With regard to our Great Plan--which really
+ought not to be designated a newspaper, as that department of literature
+has hitherto been conducted--Mr. Lockhart was never intended to have
+anything to do as editor: for we have already secured two most efficient
+and respectable persons to fill that department. I merely wished to
+receive his general advice and assistance. And Mr. Lockhart would only
+be known or suspected to be the author of certain papers of grave
+national importance. The more we have thought and talked over our plans,
+the more certain are we of their inevitable success, and of their
+leading us to certain power, reputation, and fortune. For myself, the
+heyday of my youth is passed, though I may be allowed certain experience
+in my profession. I have acquired a moderate fortune, and have a certain
+character, and move now in the first circles of society; and I have a
+family: these, I hope, may be some fair pledge to you that I would not
+engage in this venture with any hazard, when all that is dearest to man
+would be my loss.
+
+In order, however, to completely obviate any difficulties which have
+been urged, I have proposed to Mr. Lockhart to come to London as the
+editor of the _Quarterly_--an appointment which, I verily believe, is
+coveted by many of the highest literary characters in the country, and
+which, of itself, would entitle its possessor to enter into and mix with
+the first classes of society. For this, and without writing a line, but
+merely for performing the duties of an editor, I shall have the pleasure
+of allowing him a thousand pounds a year; and this, with contributions
+of his own, might easily become L1,500, and take no serious portion of
+his time either. Then, for his connection with the paper, he will become
+permanently interested in a share we can guarantee to him for three
+years, and which, I am confident, will be worth, at the end of that
+period, at least L3,000; and the profits from that share will not be
+less than L1,500 per annum. I have lately heard, from good authority,
+that the annual profit of the _Times_ is L40,000, and that a share in
+the _Courier_ sold last week (wretchedly conducted, it seems) at the
+rate of L100,000 for the property.
+
+But this is not all. You know well enough that the business of a
+publishing bookseller is not in his shop or even his connection, but in
+his brains; and we can put forward together a series of valuable
+literary works, and without, observe me, in any of these plans, the
+slightest risk to Mr. Lockhart. And I do most solemnly assure you that
+if I may take any credit to myself for possessing anything like sound
+judgment in my profession, the things which we shall immediately begin
+upon, as Mr. Lockhart will explain to you, are as perfectly certain of
+commanding a great sale as anything I ever had the good fortune to
+engage in.
+
+Lockhart finally accepted the editorship of the _Quarterly_, after
+negotiations which brought Mr. Disraeli on a second visit to Scotland,
+but he undertook no formal responsibility for the new daily paper.
+
+In London Disraeli was indefatigable. He visited City men, for the
+purpose of obtaining articles on commercial subjects. He employed an
+architect, Mr. G. Basevi, jun., his cousin, with a view to the planning
+of offices and printing premises. A large house was eventually taken in
+Great George Street, Westminster, and duly fitted up as a printing
+office.
+
+He then proceeded, in common with Mr. Murray, to make arrangements for
+the foreign correspondence. In the summer of 1824--before the new
+enterprise was thought of--he had travelled in the Rhine country, and
+made some pleasant acquaintances, of whom he now bethought himself when
+making arrangements for the new paper. One of them was Mr. Maas, of the
+Trierscher Hof, Coblentz, and Mr. Disraeli addressed him as follows:
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to Mr. Maas_.
+
+_October_ 25, 1825.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your hospitality, which I have twice enjoyed, convinces me that you will
+not consider this as an intrusion. My friend, Mr. Murray, of Albemarle
+Street, London, the most eminent publisher that we have, is about to
+establish a daily journal of the first importance. With his great
+influence and connections, there is no doubt that he will succeed in his
+endeavour to make it the focus of the information of the whole world.
+Among other places at which he wishes to have correspondents is the
+Rhine, and he has applied to me for my advice upon this point. It has
+struck me that Coblentz is a very good situation for intelligence. Its
+proximity to the Rhine and the Moselle, its contiguity to the beautiful
+baths of the Taunus, and the innumerable travellers who pass through it,
+and spread everywhere the fame of your admirable hotel, all conduce to
+make it a place from which much interesting intelligence might be
+procured.
+
+The most celebrated men in Europe have promised their assistance to Mr.
+Murray in his great project. I wish to know whether you can point out
+any one to him who will occasionally write him a letter from your city.
+Intelligence as to the company at Wiesbaden and Ems, and of the persons
+of eminence, particularly English, who pass through Coblentz, of the
+travellers down the Rhine, and such topics, are very interesting to us.
+You yourself would make a most admirable correspondent. The labour would
+be very light and very agreeable; and Mr. Murray would take care to
+acknowledge your kindness by various courtesies. If you object to say
+anything about politics you can omit mentioning the subject. I wish you
+would undertake it, as I am sure you would write most agreeable letters.
+Once a month would be sufficient, or rather write whenever you have
+anything that you think interesting. Will you be so kind as to write me
+in answer what you think of this proposal? The communication may be
+carried on in any language you please.
+
+Last year when I was at Coblentz you were kind enough to show me a very
+pretty collection of ancient glass. Pray is it yet to be purchased? I
+think I know an English gentleman who would be happy to possess it. I
+hope this will not be the last letter which passes between us.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Yours most truly,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+Mr. Maas agreed to Mr. Disraeli's proposal, and his letter was handed to
+Mr. Murray, who gave him further instructions as to the foreign
+correspondence which he required. Mr. Murray himself wrote to
+correspondents at Hamburg, Maestricht, Genoa, Trieste, Gibraltar, and
+other places, with the same object.
+
+The time for the publication of the newspaper was rapidly approaching,
+and Mr. B. Disraeli's correspondence on the subject of the engagement of
+a staff became fast and furious.
+
+By the end of December Mr. Lockhart had arrived in London, for the
+purpose of commencing his editorship of the _Quarterly Review_. The name
+of the new morning paper had not then been yet fixed on; from the
+correspondence respecting it, we find that some spoke of it as the
+_Daily Review_, others as the _Morning News_, and so on; but that Mr.
+Benjamin Disraeli settled the matter appears from the following letter
+of Mr. Lockhart to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 21, 1825.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am delighted, and, what is more, satisfied with Disraeli's title--the
+_Representative_. If Mr. Powles does not produce some thundering
+objection, let this be fixed, in God's name.
+
+Strange to say, from this time forward nothing more is heard of Mr.
+Benjamin Disraeli in connection with the _Representative_. After his two
+Journeys to Scotland, his interviews with Sir Walter Scott and Mr.
+Lockhart, his activity in making arrangements previous to the starting
+of the daily paper, his communications with the architect as to the
+purchase and fitting up of the premises in Great George Street, and with
+the solicitors as to the proposed deed of partnership, he suddenly drops
+out of sight; and nothing more is heard of him in connection with the
+business.
+
+It would appear that when the time arrived for the proprietors of the
+new paper to provide the necessary capital under the terms of the
+memorandum of agreement dated August 3, 1825, both Mr. Disraeli and Mr.
+Powles failed to contribute their several proportions. Mr. Murray had
+indeed already spent a considerable sum, and entered into agreements for
+the purchase of printing-offices, printing-machines, types, and all the
+paraphernalia of a newspaper establishment. He had engaged reporters,
+correspondents, printers, sub-editors, though he still wanted an
+efficient editor. He was greatly disappointed at not being able to
+obtain the services of Mr. Lockhart. Mr. Disraeli was too young--being
+then only twenty-one, and entirely inexperienced in the work of
+conducting a daily paper--to be entrusted with the editorship. Indeed,
+it is doubtful whether he ever contemplated occupying that position,
+though he had engaged himself most sedulously in the preliminary
+arrangements in one department, his endeavours to obtain the assistance
+of men of commerce in the City; however, he was by no means successful.
+Nevertheless, Mr. Murray was so far committed that he felt bound to go
+on with the enterprise, and he advertised the publication of the new
+morning paper. Some of his friends congratulated him on the
+announcement, trusting that they might see on their breakfast-table a
+paper which their wives and daughters might read without a blush.
+
+The first number of the _Representative_ accordingly appeared on January
+25, 1826, price 7_d_.; the Stamp Tax was then 4_d_. In politics it was a
+supporter of Lord Liverpool's Government; but public distress, the
+currency, trade and commerce were subjects of independent comment.
+
+Notwithstanding the pains which had been taken, and the money which had
+been spent, the _Representative_ was a failure from the beginning. It
+was badly organized, badly edited, and its contents--leading articles,
+home and foreign news--were ill-balanced. Failing Lockhart, an editor,
+named Tyndale, had been appointed on short notice, though he was an
+obscure and uninfluential person. He soon disappeared in favour of
+others, who were no better. Dr. Maginn [Footnote: Dr. Maginn's papers in
+_Blackwood_ are or should be known to the reader. The Murray
+correspondence contains many characteristic letters from this jovial and
+impecunious Irishman. He is generally supposed to have been the
+prototype of Thackeray's Captain Shandon.--T.M.] had been engaged--the
+Morgan O'Doherty of _Blackwood's Magazine_--wit, scholar, and Bohemian.
+He was sent to Paris, where he evidently enjoyed himself; but the
+results, as regarded the _Representative_, were by no means
+satisfactory. He was better at borrowing money than at writing articles.
+
+Mr. S.C. Hall, one of the parliamentary reporters of the paper, says,
+in his "Retrospect of a Long Life," that:
+
+"The day preceding the issue of the first number, Mr. Murray might have
+obtained a very large sum for a shore of the copyright, of which he was
+the sole proprietor; the day after that issue, the copyright was worth
+comparatively nothing.... Editor there was literally none, from the
+beginning to the end. The first number supplied conclusive evidence of
+the utter ignorance of editorial tact on the part of the person
+entrusted with the duty.... In short, the work was badly done; if not a
+snare, it was a delusion; and the reputation of the new journal fell
+below zero in twenty-four hours." [Footnote: "Retrospect of a Long Life,
+from 1815 to 1883." By S.C. Hall, F.S.A., i. p. 126.]
+
+An inspection of the file of the _Representative_ justifies Mr. Hall's
+remarks. The first number contained an article by Lockhart, four columns
+in length, on the affairs of Europe. It was correct and scholar-like,
+but tame and colourless. Incorrectness in a leading article may be
+tolerated, but dulness amounts to a literary crime. The foreign
+correspondence consisted of a letter from Valetta, and a communication
+from Paris, more than a column in length, relating to French opera. In
+the matter of news, for which the dailies are principally purchased, the
+first number was exceedingly defective. It is hard to judge of the
+merits of a new journal from the first number, which must necessarily
+labour under many disadvantages, but the _Representative_ did not from
+the first exhibit any element of success.
+
+Mr. Murray found his new enterprise an increasing source of annoyance
+and worry. His health broke down under the strain, and when he was
+confined to his bed by illness things went worse from day to day. The
+usual publishing business was neglected; letters remained unanswered,
+manuscripts remained unread, and some correspondents became excessively
+angry at their communications being neglected.
+
+Mr. Murray's worries were increased by the commercial crisis then
+prevailing, and by the downfall of many large publishing houses. It was
+feared that Mr. Murray might be implicated in the failures. At the end
+of January, the great firm of Archibald Constable & Co., of Edinburgh
+publishers of Sir Walter Scott's novels, was declared bankrupt; shortly
+after, the failure was announced of James Ballantyne & Co., in which Sir
+Walter Scott was a partner; and with these houses, that of Hurst,
+Kobinson & Co., of London, was hopelessly involved. The market was
+flooded with the dishonoured paper of all these concerns, and mercantile
+confidence in the great publishing houses was almost at an end. We find
+Washington Irving communicating the following intelligence to A.H.
+Everett, United States Minister at Madrid (January 31, 1826):
+
+"You will perceive by the papers the failure of Constable & Co., at
+Edinburgh, and Hurst, Robinson & Co., at London. These are severe shocks
+in the trading world of literature. Pray Heaven, Murray may stand
+unmoved, and not go into the _Gazette_, instead of publishing one!"
+
+Mr. Murray held his ground. He was not only able to pay his way, but to
+assist some of the best-known London publishers through the pressure of
+their difficulties. One of these was Mr. Robert Baldwin, of Paternoster
+Row, who expressed his repeated obligations to Mr. Murray for his help
+in time of need. The events of this crisis clearly demonstrated the
+wisdom and foresight of Murray in breaking loose from the Ballantyne and
+Constable connection, in spite of the promising advantages which it had
+offered him.
+
+Murray still went on with the _Representative_, though the result was
+increasing annoyance and vexation. Mr. Milman wrote to him, "Do get a
+new editor for the lighter part of your paper, and look well to the
+_Quarterly_." The advice was taken, and Dr. Maginn was brought over from
+Paris to take charge of the lighter part of the paper at a salary of
+L700 a year, with a house. The result was, that a number of clever _jeux
+d'esprit_ were inserted by him, but these were intermingled with some
+biting articles, which gave considerable offence.
+
+At length the strain became more than he could bear, and he sought the
+first opportunity for stopping the further publication of the paper.
+This occurred at the end of the general election, and the
+_Representative_ ceased to exist on July 29, 1826, after a career of
+only six months, during which brief period it had involved Mr. Murray in
+a loss of not less than L26,000. [Footnote: The _Representative_ was
+afterwards incorporated with the _New Times_, another unfortunate
+paper.]
+
+Mr. Murray bore his loss with much equanimity, and found it an
+inexpressible relief to be rid of the _Representative_ even at such a
+sacrifice. To Washington Irving he wrote:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Irving_.
+
+"One cause of my not writing to you during one whole year was my
+'entanglement,' as Lady G---- says, with a newspaper, which absorbed my
+money, and distracted and depressed my mind; but I have cut the knot of
+evil, which I could not untie, and am now, by the blessing of God, again
+returned to reason and the shop."
+
+One of the unfortunate results of the initiation and publication of the
+_Representative_ was that it disturbed the friendship which had so long
+existed between Mr. Murray and Mr. Isaac D'Israeli. The real cause of
+Benjamin's sudden dissociation from an enterprise of which in its
+earlier stages he had been the moving spirit, can only be matter of
+conjecture. The only mention of his name in the later correspondence
+regarding the newspaper occurs in the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+THURSDAY, _February_ 14, 1826.
+
+I think Mr. B. Disraeli ought to tell you what it is that he wishes to
+say to Mr. Croker on a business _of yours_ ere he asks of you a letter
+to the Secretary. If there really be something worth saying, I certainly
+know nobody that would say it better, but I confess I think, all things
+considered, you have no need of anybody to come between you and Mr.
+Croker. What can it be?
+
+Yours,
+
+J.G.L.
+
+But after the _Representative_, had ceased to be published, the elder
+D'Israeli thought he had a cause of quarrel with Mr. Murray, and
+proposed to publish a pamphlet on the subject. The matter was brought
+under the notice of Mr. Sharon Turner, the historian and solicitor, and
+the friend of both. Mr. Turner strongly advised Mr. Isaac D'Israeli to
+abstain from issuing any such publication.
+
+_Mr. Sharon Turner to Mr. D'Israeli._
+
+_October_ 6, 1826.
+
+"Fame is pleasant, if it arise from what will give credit or do good.
+But to make oneself notorious only to be the football of all the
+dinner-tables, tea-tables, and gossiping visits of the country, will be
+so great a weakness, that until I see you actually committing yourself
+to it, I shall not believe that you, at an age like my own, can wilfully
+and deliberately do anything that will bring the evil on you. Therefore
+I earnestly advise that whatever has passed be left as it is.... If you
+give it any further publicity, you will, I think, cast a shade over a
+name that at present stands quite fair before the public eye. And
+nothing can dim it to you that will not injure all who belong to you.
+Therefore, as I have said to Murray, I say to you: Let Oblivion absorb
+the whole question as soon as possible, and do not stir a step to rescue
+it from her salutary power.... If I did not gee your words before me, I
+could not have supposed that after your experience of these things and
+of the world, you could deliberately intend to write--that is, to
+publish in print--anything on the differences between you, Murray, and
+the _Representative_, and your son.... If you do, Murray will be driven
+to answer. To him the worst that can befall will be the public smile
+that he could have embarked in a speculation that has cost him many
+thousand pounds, and a criticism on what led to it.... The public know
+it, and talk as they please about it, but in a short time will say no
+more upon it. It is now dying away. Very few at present know that you
+were in any way concerned about it. To you, therefore, all that results
+will be new matter for the public discussion and censure. And, after
+reading Benjamin's agreement of the 3rd August, 1825, and your letters
+to Murray on him and the business, of the 27th September, the 29th
+September, and the 9th October, my sincere opinion is that you cannot,
+with a due regard to your own reputation, _write_ or _publish_ anything
+about it. I send you hastily my immediate thoughts, that he whom I have
+always respected may not, by publishing what will be immediately
+contradicted, diminish or destroy in others that respect which at
+present he possesses, and which I hope he will continue to enjoy."
+
+Mr. D'Israeli did not write his proposed pamphlet. What Mr. Murray
+thought of his intention may be inferred from the following extract from
+his letter to Mr. Sharon Turner:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Sharon Turner_.
+
+_October_ 16, 1826.
+
+"Mr. D'Israeli is totally wrong in supposing that my indignation against
+his son arises in the smallest degree from the sum which I have lost by
+yielding to that son's unrelenting excitement and importunity; this
+loss, whilst it was in weekly operation, may be supposed, and naturally
+enough, to have been sufficiently painful, [Footnote: See note at the
+end of the chapter.] but now that it has ceased, I solemnly declare that
+I neither care nor think about it, more than one does of the
+long-suffered agonies of an aching tooth the day after we have summoned
+resolution enough to have it extracted. On the contrary, I am disposed
+to consider this apparent misfortune as one of that chastening class
+which, if suffered wisely, may be productive of greater good, and I feel
+confidently that, as it has re-kindled my ancient ardour in business, a
+very few months will enable me to replace this temporary loss, and make
+me infinitely the gainer, if I profit by the prudential lesson which
+this whole affair is calculated to teach.... From me his son had
+received nothing but the most unbounded confidence and parental
+attachment; my fault was in having loved, not wisely, but too well."
+
+To conclude the story, as far as Mr. Disraeli was concerned, we may
+print here a letter written some time later. Mr. Powles had availed
+himself of Disraeli's literary skill to recommend his mining
+speculations to the public. In March 1825, Mr. Murray had published, on
+commission, "American Mining Companies," and the same year "Present
+State of Mexico," and "Lawyers and Legislators," all of them written by,
+or under the superintendence of, Mr. Disraeli. Mr. Powles, however,
+again proved faithless, and although the money for the printing had been
+due for some time, he paid nothing; and at length Mr. Disraeli addressed
+Mr. Murray in the following letter:
+
+_Mr. Benjamin Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+6 BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, _March_ 19, 1827.
+
+SIR,
+
+I beg to enclose you the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds, which I
+believe to be the amount due to you for certain pamphlets published
+respecting the American Mining Companies, as stated in accounts sent in
+some time since. I have never been able to obtain a settlement of these
+accounts from the parties originally responsible, and it has hitherto
+been quite out of my power to exempt myself from the liability, which, I
+have ever been conscious, on their incompetency, resulted from the
+peculiar circumstances of the case to myself. In now enclosing you what
+I consider to be the amount, I beg also to state that I have fixed upon
+it from memory, having been unsuccessful in my endeavours to obtain even
+a return of the accounts from the original parties, and being unwilling
+to trouble you again for a second set of accounts, which had been so
+long and so improperly kept unsettled. In the event, therefore, of there
+being any mistake, I will be obliged by your clerk instantly informing
+me of it, and it will be as instantly rectified; and I will also thank
+you to enclose me a receipt, in order to substantiate my claims and
+enforce my demands against the parties originally responsible. I have to
+express my sense of your courtesy in this business, and
+
+I am, sir, yours truly,
+
+BENJAMIN DISRAELI.
+
+Fortunately, the misunderstanding between the two old friends did not
+last long, for towards the end of the year we find Mr. Isaac D'Israeli
+communicating with Mr. Murray respecting Wool's "Life of Joseph Warton,"
+and certain selected letters by Warton which he thought worthy of
+republication; and with respect to his son, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli,
+although he published his first work, "Vivian Grey," through Colburn,
+he returned to Albemarle Street a few years later, and published his
+"Contarini Fleming" through Mr. Murray.
+
+NOTE.--It appears from the correspondence that Mr. Murray had been led
+by the "unrelenting excitement and importunity" of his young friend to
+make some joint speculation in South American mines. The same financial
+crisis which prevented Mr. Powles from fulfilling his obligations
+probably swept away all chance of profit from this investment. The
+financial loss involved in the failure of the _Representative_ was more
+serious, but Mr. Murray's resentment against young Mr. Disraeli was not
+due to any such considerations. Justly or unjustly he felt bitterly
+aggrieved at certain personalities which, he thought, were to be
+detected in "Vivian Grey." Mr. Disraeli was also suspected of being
+concerned in an ephemeral publication called _The Star Chamber_, to
+which he undoubtedly contributed certain articles, and in which
+paragraphs appeared giving offence in Albemarle Street. The story of
+Vivian Grey (as it appeared in the first edition) is transposed from the
+literary to the political key. It is undoubtedly autobiographical, but
+the identification of Mr. Murray with the Marquis of Carabas must seem
+very far-fetched. It is, at all times, difficult to say within what
+limits the novelist is entitled to resort to portraiture in order to
+build up the fabric of his romance. Intention of offence was vehemently
+denied by the D'Israeli family, which, as the correspondence shows,
+rushed with one accord to the defence of the future Lord Beaconsfield.
+It was really a storm in a teacup, and but for the future eminence of
+one of the friends concerned would call for no remark. Mr. Disraeli's
+bitter disappointment at the failure of his great journalistic
+combination sharpened the keen edge of his wit and perhaps magnified the
+irksomeness of the restraint which his older fellow-adventurer tried to
+put on his "unrelenting excitement," and it is possible that his
+feelings found vent in the novel which he then was composing. It is
+pleasing to remark that at a later date his confidence and esteem for
+his father's old friend returned to him, and that the incident ended in
+a way honourable to all concerned.--T.M.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+MR. LOCKHART AS EDITOR OF THE "QUARTERLY"--HALLAM--WORDSWORTH--DEATH OF
+CONSTABLE
+
+
+The appointment of a new editor naturally excited much interest among
+the contributors and supporters of the _Quarterly Review_. Comments were
+made, and drew from Scott the following letter:
+
+_Sir Walter Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _November_ 17, 1825.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I was much surprised to-day to learn from Lockhart by letter that some
+scruples were in circulation among some of the respectable among the
+supporters of the _Quarterly Review_ concerning his capacity to
+undertake that highly responsible task. In most cases I might not be
+considered as a disinterested witness on behalf of so near a connection,
+but in the present instance I have some claim to call myself so. The
+plan (I need not remind you) of calling Lockhart to this distinguished
+situation, far from being favoured by me, or in any respect advanced or
+furthered by such interest as I might have urged, was not communicated
+to me until it was formed; and as it involved the removal of my daughter
+and of her husband, who has always loved and honoured me as a son, from
+their native country and from my vicinity, my private wish and that of
+all the members of my family was that such a change should not take
+place. But the advantages proposed were so considerable, that it removed
+all title on my part to state my own strong desire that he should remain
+in Scotland. Now I do assure you that if in these circumstances I had
+seen anything in Lockhart's habits, cast of mind, or mode of thinking or
+composition which made him unfit for the duty he had to undertake, I
+should have been the last man in the world to permit, without the
+strongest expostulation not with him alone but with you, his exchanging
+an easy and increasing income in his own country and amongst his own
+friends for a larger income perhaps, but a highly responsible situation
+in London. I considered this matter very attentively, and recalled to my
+recollection all I had known of Mr. Lockhart both before and since his
+connection with my family. I have no hesitation in saying that when he
+was paying his addresses in my family I fairly stated to him that
+however I might be pleased with his general talents and accomplishments,
+with his family, which is highly respectable, and his views in life,
+which I thought satisfactory, I did decidedly object to the use he and
+others had made of their wit and satirical talent in _Blackwood's
+Magazine_, which, though a work of considerable power, I thought too
+personal to be in good taste or to be quite respectable. Mr. Lockhart
+then pledged his word to me that he would withdraw from this species of
+warfare, and I have every reason to believe that he has kept his word
+with me. In particular I _know_ that he had not the least concern with
+the _Beacon_ newspaper, though strongly urged by his young friends at
+the Bar, and I also know that while he has sometimes contributed an
+essay to _Blackwood_ on general literature, or politics, which can be
+referred to if necessary, he has no connection whatever with the
+satirical part of the work or with its general management, nor was he at
+any time the Editor of the publication.
+
+It seems extremely hard (though not perhaps to be wondered at) that the
+follies of three--or four and twenty should be remembered against a man
+of thirty, who has abstained during the interval from giving the least
+cause of offence. There are few men of any rank in letters who have not
+at some time or other been guilty of some abuse of their satirical
+powers, and very few who have not seen reason to wish that they had
+restrained their vein of pleasantry. Thinking over Lockhart's offences
+with my own, and other men's whom either politics or literary
+controversy has led into such effusions, I cannot help thinking that
+five years' proscription ought to obtain a full immunity on their
+account. There were none of them which could be ascribed to any worse
+motive than a wicked wit, and many of the individuals against whom they
+were directed were worthy of more severe chastisement. The blame was in
+meddling with such men at all. Lockhart is reckoned an excellent
+scholar, and Oxford has said so. He is born a gentleman, has always kept
+the best society, and his personal character is without a shadow of
+blame. In the most unfortunate affair of his life he did all that man
+could do, and the unhappy tragedy was the result of the poor sufferer's
+after-thought to get out of a scrape. [Footnote: This refers, without
+doubt, to the unfortunate death of John Scott, the editor of the _London
+Magazine_, in a duel with Lockhart's friend Christie, the result of a
+quarrel in which Lockhart himself had been concerned.] Of his general
+talents I will not presume to speak, but they are generally allowed to
+be of the first order. This, however, I _will_ say, that I have known
+the most able men of my time, and I never met any one who had such ready
+command of his own mind, or possessed in a greater degree the power of
+making his talents available upon the shortest notice, and upon any
+subject. He is also remarkably docile and willing to receive advice or
+admonition from the old and experienced. He is a fond husband and almost
+a doating father, seeks no amusement out of his own family, and is not
+only addicted to no bad habits, but averse to spending time in society
+or the dissipations connected with it. Speaking upon my honour as a
+gentleman and my credit as a man of letters, I do not know a person so
+well qualified for the very difficult and responsible task he has
+undertaken, and I think the distinct testimony of one who must know the
+individual well ought to bear weight against all vague rumours, whether
+arising from idle squibs he may have been guilty of when he came from
+College--and I know none of these which indicate a bad heart in the
+jester--or, as is much more likely, from those which have been rashly
+and falsely ascribed to him.
+
+Had any shadow of this want of confidence been expressed in the
+beginning of the business I for one would have advised Lockhart to have
+nothing to do with a concern for which his capacity was called in
+question. But _now_ what can be done? A liberal offer, handsomely made,
+has been accepted with the same confidence with which it was offered.
+Lockhart has resigned his office in Edinburgh, given up his business,
+taken a house in London, and has let, or is on the eve of letting, his
+house here. The thing is so public, that about thirty of the most
+respectable gentlemen in Edinburgh have proposed to me that a dinner
+should be given in his honour. The ground is cut away behind him for a
+retreat, nor can such a thing be proposed as matters now stand.
+
+Upon what grounds or by whom Lockhart was first recommended to you I
+have no right or wish to inquire, having no access whatsoever to the
+negotiation, the result of which must be in every wise painful enough to
+me. But as their advice must in addition to your own judgment have had
+great weight with you, I conceive they will join with me in the
+expectation that the other respectable friends of this important work
+will not form any decision to Lockhart's prejudice till they shall see
+how the business is conducted. By a different conduct they may do harm
+to the Editor, Publisher, and the work itself, as far as the withdrawing
+of their countenance must necessarily be prejudicial to its currency.
+But if it shall prove that their suspicions prove unfounded, I am sure
+it will give pain to them to have listened to them for a moment.
+
+It has been my lot twice before now to stand forward to the best of my
+power as the assistant of two individuals against whom a party run was
+made. The one case was that of Wilson, to whom a thousand idle pranks
+were imputed of a character very different and far more eccentric than
+anything that ever attached to Lockhart. We carried him through upon the
+fair principle that in the case of good morals and perfect talents for a
+situation, where vice or crimes are not alleged, the follies of youth
+should not obstruct the fair prospects of advanced manhood. God help us
+all if some such modification of censure is not extended to us, since
+most men have sown wild oats enough! Wilson was made a professor, as you
+know, has one of the fullest classes in the University, lectures most
+eloquently, and is much beloved by his pupils. The other was the case of
+John Williams, now Rector of our new Academy here, who was opposed most
+violently upon what on examination proved to be exaggerated rumours of
+old Winchester stories. He got the situation chiefly, I think, by my
+own standing firm and keeping others together. And the gentlemen who
+opposed him most violently have repeatedly told me that I did the utmost
+service to the Academy by bringing him in, for never was a man in such a
+situation so eminently qualified for the task of education.
+
+I only mention these things to show that it is not in my son-in-law's
+affairs alone that I would endeavour to remove that sort of prejudice
+which envy and party zeal are always ready to throw in the way of rising
+talent. Those who are interested in the matter may be well assured that
+with whatever prejudice they may receive Lockhart at first, all who have
+candour enough to wait till he can afford them the means of judging will
+be of opinion that they have got a person possibly as well situated for
+the duties of such an office as any man that England could afford them.
+
+I would rather have written a letter of this kind concerning any other
+person than one connected with myself, but it is every word true, were
+there neither son nor daughter in the case; but as such I leave it at
+your discretion to show it, not generally, but to such friends and
+patrons of the _Review_ as in your opinion have a title to know the
+contents.
+
+Believe me, dear Sir, Your most obedient Servant, WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Mr. Lockhart himself addressed the two following letters to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+Chiefswood, _November_ 19, 1825.
+
+My Dear Sir, I am deeply indebted to Disraeli for the trouble he has
+taken to come hither again at a time when he has so many matters of real
+importance to attend to in London. The sort of stuff that certain grave
+gentlemen have been mincing at, was of course thoroughly foreseen by Sir
+W. Scott and by myself from the beginning of the business. Such
+prejudices I cannot hope to overcome, except by doing well what has been
+entrusted to me, and after all I should like to know what man could have
+been put at the head of the _Quarterly Review_ at my time of life
+without having the Doctors uttering doctorisms on the occasion. If you
+but knew it, you yourself personally could in one moment overcome and
+silence for ever the whole of these people. As for me, nobody has more
+sincere respect for them in their own different walks of excellence than
+myself; and if there be one thing that I may promise for myself, it is,
+that age, experience, and eminence, shall never find fair reason to
+accuse me of treating them with presumption. I am much more afraid of
+falling into the opposite error. I have written at some length on these
+matters to Mr. Croker, Mr. Ellis, and Mr. Rose--and to no one else; nor
+will I again put pen to paper, unless someone, having a right to put a
+distinct question to me, does put it.
+
+
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_Sunday_, CHIEFSWOOD, _November_ 27, 1825.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+I have read the letter I received yesterday evening with the greatest
+interest, and closed it with the sincerest pleasure. I think we now
+begin to understand each other, and if we do that I am sure _I_ have no
+sort of apprehension as to the result of the whole business. But in
+writing one must come to the point, therefore I proceed at once to your
+topics in their order, and rely on it I shall speak as openly on every
+one of them as I would _to my brother_.
+
+Mr. Croker's behaviour has indeed distressed me, for I had always
+considered him as one of those bad enemies who make excellent friends. I
+had not the least idea that he had ever ceased to regard you personally
+with friendship, even affection, until B.D. told me about his
+trafficking with Knight; for as to the little hints you gave me when in
+town, I set all that down to his aversion for the notion of your setting
+up a paper, and thereby dethroning him from his invisible predominance
+over the Tory daily press, and of course attached little importance to
+it. I am now satisfied, more particularly after hearing how he behaved
+himself in the interview with you, that there is some deeper feeling in
+his mind. The correspondence that has been passing between him and me
+may have been somewhat imprudently managed on my part. I may have
+_committed_ myself to a certain extent in it in more ways than one. It
+is needless to regret what cannot be undone; at all events, I perceive
+that it is now over with us for the present. I do not, however, believe
+but that he will continue to do what he has been used to do for the
+_Review_; indeed, unless he makes the newspaper business his excuse, he
+stands completely pledged to me to adhere to that.
+
+But with reverence be it spoken, even this does not seem to me a matter
+of very great moment. On the contrary, I believe that his papers in the
+_Review_ have (with a few exceptions) done the work a great deal more
+harm than good. I cannot express what I feel; but there was always the
+bitterness of Gifford without his dignity, and the bigotry of Southey
+without his _bonne-foi._ His scourging of such poor deer as Lady Morgan
+was unworthy of a work of that rank. If we can get the same
+_information_ elsewhere, no fear that we need equally regret the
+secretary's quill. As it is, we must be contented to watch the course of
+things and recollect the Roman's maxim, "quae casus obtullerint ad
+sapientiam vertenda."
+
+I an vexed not a little at Mr. Barrow's imprudence in mentioning my name
+to Croker and to Rose as in connection with the paper; and for this
+reason that I was most anxious to have produced at least one number of
+the _Review_ ere that matter should have been at all suspected. As it
+is, I hope you will still find means to make Barrow, Rose, and Croker
+(at all events the two last) completely understand that you had, indeed,
+wished me to edit the paper, but that I had declined that, and that
+_then_ you had offered me the _Review_.
+
+No matter what you say as to the firm belief I have expressed that the
+paper _will_ answer, and the resolutions I have made to assist you by
+writing political articles in it. It is of the highest importance that
+in our anxiety about a new affair one should not lose sight of the old
+and established one, and I _can_ believe that if the real state of the
+case were known at the outset of my career in London, a considerable
+feeling detrimental to the _Quarterly might_ be excited. We have enough
+of adverse feelings to meet, without unnecessarily swelling their number
+and aggravating their quality.
+
+I beg you to have a serious conversation with Mr. Barrow on this head,
+and in the course of it take care to make him thoroughly understand that
+the prejudices or doubts he gave utterance to in regard to me were heard
+of by me without surprise, and excited no sort of angry feeling
+whatever. He could know nothing of me but from flying rumours, for the
+nature of which _he_ could in no shape be answerable. As for poor Rose's
+well-meant hints about my "identifying myself perhaps in the mind of
+society with the scavengers of the press," "the folly of _your_ risking
+your name on a _paper_," etc., etc., of course we shall equally
+appreciate all this. Rose is a timid dandy, and a bit of a Whig to boot.
+I shall make some explanation to him when I next have occasion to write
+to him, but that sort of thing would come surely with a better grace
+from you than from me. I have not a doubt that he will be a daily
+scribbler in your paper ere it is a week old.
+
+To all these people--Croker as well as the rest--John Murray is of much
+more importance than they ever can be to him if he will only _believe_
+what I _know_, viz. that his own name in _society_ stands miles above
+any of theirs. Croker _cannot_ form the nucleus of a literary
+association which you have any reason to dread. He is hated by the
+higher Tories quite as sincerely as by the Whigs: besides, he has not
+_now-a-days_ courage to strike an effective blow; he will not come
+forward.
+
+I come to pleasanter matters. Nothing, indeed, can be more handsome,
+more generous than Mr. Coleridge's whole behaviour. I beg of you to
+express to him the sense I have of the civility with which he has been
+pleased to remember and allude to _me_, and assure him that I am most
+grateful for the assistance he offers, and accept of it to any extent he
+chooses.
+
+In this way Mr. Lockhart succeeded to the control of what his friend
+John Wilson called "a National Work"; and he justified the selection
+which Mr. Murray had made of him as editor: not only maintaining and
+enhancing the reputation of the _Review_, by securing the friendship of
+the old contributors, but enlisting the assistance of many new ones. Sir
+Walter Scott, though "working himself to pieces" to free himself from
+debt, came to his help, and to the first number which Lockhart edited he
+contributed an interesting article on "Pepys' Memoirs."
+
+Lockhart's literary taste and discernment were of the highest order; and
+he displayed a moderation and gentleness, even in his adverse
+criticism, for which those who knew him but slightly, or by reputation
+only, scarce gave him credit. There soon sprang up between him and his
+publisher an intimacy and mutual confidence which lasted till Murray's
+death; and Lockhart continued to edit the _Quarterly_ till his own death
+in 1854. In truth there was need of mutual confidence between editor and
+publisher, for they were called upon to deal with not a few persons
+whose deep interest in the _Quarterly_ tempted them at times to assume a
+somewhat dictatorial tone in their comments on and advice for the
+management of the _Review_. When an article written by Croker, on
+Lamennais' "Paroles d'un Croyant," [Footnote: The article by J.W.
+Croker was afterwards published in No. 104 of the _Quarterly_.] was
+under consideration, Lockhart wrote to the publisher:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_November 8_, 1826.
+
+My Dear Murray,
+
+It is always agreeable and often useful for us to hear what you think of
+the articles in progress. Croker and I both differ from you as to the
+general affair, for this reason simply, that Lamennais is to Paris what
+Benson or Lonsdale is to London. His book has produced and is producing
+a very great effect. Even religious people there applaud him, and they
+are re-echoed here by old Jerdan, who pronounces that, be he right or
+wrong, he has produced "a noble sacred poem." It is needful to caution
+the English against the course of France by showing up the audacious
+extent of her horrors, political, moral, and religious; and you know
+what _was_ the result of our article on those vile tragedies, the
+extracts of which were more likely to offend a family circle than
+anything in the "Paroles d'un Croyant," and which even I was afraid of.
+Mr. Croker, however, will modify and curtail the paper so as to get rid
+of your specific objections. It had already been judged advisable to put
+the last and only blasphemous extract in French in place of English.
+Depend upon it, if we were to lower our scale so as to run no risk of
+offending any good people's delicate feelings, we should soon lower
+ourselves so as to rival "My Grandmother the British" in want of
+interest to the world at large, and even (though they would not say so)
+to the saints themselves.--_Verb. sap_.
+
+Like most sagacious publishers, Murray was free from prejudice, and was
+ready to publish for all parties and for men of opposite opinions. For
+instance, he published Malthus's "Essay on Population," and Sadler's
+contradiction of the theory. He published Byron's attack on Southey,
+and Southey's two letters against Lord Byron. He published Nugent's
+"Memorials of Hampden," and the _Quarterly Review's_ attack upon it.
+Southey's "Book of the Church" evoked a huge number of works on the
+Roman Catholic controversy, most of which were published by Mr. Murray.
+Mr. Charles Butler followed with his "Book on the Roman Catholic
+Church." And the Rev. Joseph Blanco White's "Practical and Internal
+Evidence against Catholicism," with occasional strictures on Mr.
+Butler's "Book on the Roman Catholic Church." Another answer to Mr.
+Butler came from Dr. George Townsend, in his "Accusations of History
+against the Church of Rome." Then followed the Divines, of whom there
+were many: the Rev. Dr. Henry Phillpotts (then of Stanhope Rectory,
+Durham, but afterwards Bishop of Exeter), in his "Letter to Charles
+Butler on the Theological Parts of his Book on the Roman Catholic
+Church"; the Rev. G.S. Faber's "Difficulties of Romanism"; and many
+others.
+
+While most authors are ready to take "cash down" for their manuscripts,
+there are others who desire to be remunerated in proportion to the sale
+of their works. This is especially the case with works of history or
+biography, which are likely to have a permanent circulation. Hence, when
+the judicious Mr. Hallam--who had sold the first three editions of
+"Europe during the Middle Ages" to Mr. Murray for L1,400--had completed
+his "Constitutional History of England," he made proposals which
+resulted in Mr. Murray's agreeing to print and publish at his own cost
+and risk the "Constitutional History of England," and pay to the author
+two-thirds of the net profits. And these were the terms on which Mr.
+Murray published all Mr. Hallam's subsequent works.
+
+Mr. Wordsworth about this time desired to republish his Poems, and made
+application with that object to Mr. Murray, who thereupon consulted
+Lockhart.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_. _July_ 9, 1826.
+
+"In regard to Wordsworth I certainly cannot doubt that it must be
+creditable to any publisher to publish the works _of_ one who is and
+must continue to be a classic Poet of England. Your adventure with
+Crabbe, however, ought to be a lesson of much caution. On the other
+hand, again, W.'s poems _must_ become more popular, else why so many
+editions in the course of the last few years. There have been _two_ of
+the 'Excursion' alone, and I know that those have not satisfied the
+public. Everything, I should humbly say, depends on the terms proposed
+by the great Laker, whose vanity, be it whispered, is nearly as
+remarkable as his genius."
+
+The following is the letter in which Mr. Wordsworth made his formal
+proposal to Mr. Murray to publish his collected poems:
+
+_Mr. Wordsworth to John Murray_.
+
+RYDAL MOUNT, NEAR AMBLESIDE
+
+_December_ 4, 1826.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+I have at last determined to go to the Press with my Poems as early as
+possible. Twelve months ago the were to have been put into the hands of
+Messrs. Robinson & Hurst, upon the terms of payment of a certain sum,
+independent of expense on my part; but the failure of that house
+prevented the thing going forward. Before I offer the publication to any
+one but yourself, upon the different principle agreed on between you and
+me, as you may recollect, viz.; the author to meet two-thirds of the
+expenses and risk, and to share two-thirds of the profit, I think it
+proper to renew that proposal to you. If you are not inclined to accept
+it, I shall infer so from your silence; if such an arrangement suits
+you, pray let me _immediately_ know; and all I have to request is, that
+without loss of time, when I have informed you of the intended quantity
+of letter-press, you will then let me know what my share of the expense
+will amount to.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your obedient servant,
+
+WM. WORDSWORTH.
+
+As Mr. Murray did not answer this letter promptly, Mr. H. Crabb Robinson
+called upon him to receive his decision, and subsequently wrote:
+
+_Mr. H.G. Robinson to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 1827.
+
+"I wrote to Mr. Wordsworth the day after I had the pleasure of seeing
+you. I am sorry to say that my letter came too late. Mr. Wordsworth
+interpreted your silence into a rejection of his offer; and his works
+will unfortunately lose the benefit of appearing under you auspices.
+They have been under the press some weeks."
+
+For about fifteen years there had been no business transactions between
+Murray and Constable. On the eve of the failure of the Constables, the
+head of the firm, Mr. Archibald Constable (October 1825), was paying a
+visit at Wimbledon, when Mr. Murray addressed his host--Mr. Wright,
+whose name has already occurred in the _Representative_
+correspondence--as follows:
+
+My Dear Wright,
+
+Although I intend to do myself the pleasure of calling upon Mr.
+Constable at your house tomorrow immediately after church (for it is our
+charity sermon at Wimbledon, and I must attend), yet I should be most
+happy, if it were agreeable to you and to him, to favour us with your
+company at dinner at, I will say, five tomorrow. Mr. Constable is
+godfather to my son, who will be at home, and I am anxious to introduce
+him to Mr. C., who may not be long in town.
+
+Mr. Constable and his friend accordingly dined with Murray, and that the
+meeting was very pleasant may be inferred from Mr. Constable's letter of
+a few days later, in which he wrote to Murray, "It made my heart glad to
+be once more happy together as we were the other evening." The rest of
+Mr. Constable's letter referred to Hume's Philosophical Writings, which
+were tendered to Murray, but which he declined to publish.
+
+Constable died two years later, John Ballantyne, Scott's partner, a few
+years earlier; and Scott entered in his diary, "It is written that
+nothing shall flourish under my shadow."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SIR WALTER'S LAST YEARS
+
+
+Owing to the intimate relations which were now established between
+Murray and Lockhart, the correspondence is full of references to Sir
+Walter Scott and to the last phases of his illustrious career.
+
+Lockhart had often occasion to be at Abbotsford to see Sir Walter Scott,
+who was then carrying on, single-handed, that terrible struggle with
+adversity, which has never been equalled in the annals of literature.
+His son-in-law went down in February 1827 to see him about further
+articles, but wrote to Murray: "I fear we must not now expect Sir W.
+S.'s assistance ere 'Napoleon' be out of hand." In the following month
+of June Lockhart wrote from Portobello: "Sir W. Scott has got 'Napoleon'
+out of his hands, and I have made arrangements for three or four
+articles; and I think we may count for a paper of his every quarter."
+Articles accordingly appeared from Sir Walter Scott on diverse subjects,
+one in No. 71, June 1827, on the "Works of John Home "; another in No.
+72, October 1827, on "Planting Waste Lands "; a third in No. 74, March
+1828, on "Plantation and Landscape Gardening "; and a fourth in No. 76,
+October 1828, on Sir H. Davy's "Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing." The
+last article was cordial and generous, like everything proceeding from
+Sir Walter's pen. Lady Davy was greatly pleased with it. "It must always
+be a proud and gratifying distinction," she said, "to have the name of
+Sir Walter Scott associated with that of my husband in the review of
+'Salmonia.' I am sure Sir Humphry will like his bairn the better for the
+public opinion given of it by one whose immortality renders praise as
+durable as it seems truly felt."
+
+With respect to "Salmonia" the following anecdote may be mentioned, as
+related to Mr. Murray by Dr. Gooch, a valued contributor to the
+_Quarterly_.
+
+"At page 6 of Salmonia," said Dr. Gooch, "it is stated that 'Nelson was
+a good fly-fisher, and continued the pursuit even with his left hand.' I
+can add that one of his reasons for regretting the loss of his right arm
+was that it deprived him of the power of pursuing this amusement
+efficiently, as is shown by the following incident, which is, I think,
+worth preserving in that part of his history which relates to his
+talents as a fly-fisher. I was at the Naval Hospital at Yarmouth on the
+morning when Nelson, after the battle of Copenhagen (having sent the
+wounded before him), arrived in the Roads and landed on the Jetty. The
+populace soon surrounded him, and the military were drawn up in the
+marketplace ready to receive him; but making his way through the crowd,
+and the dust and the clamour, he went straight to the Hospital. I went
+round the wards with him, and was much interested in observing his
+demeanour to the sailors. He stopped at every bed, and to every man he
+had something kind and cheering to say. At length he stopped opposite a
+bed in which a sailor was lying who had lost his right arm close to the
+shoulder joint, and the following short dialogue passed between them.
+_Nelson_: 'Well, Jack, what's the matter with you?' _Sailor_: 'Lost my
+right arm, your Honour.' Nelson paused, looked down at his own empty
+sleeve, then at the sailor, and then said playfully, 'Well, Jack, then
+you and I are spoiled for fishermen; but cheer up, my brave fellow.' He
+then passed quickly on to the next bed, but these few words had a
+magical effect upon the poor fellow, for I saw his eyes sparkle with
+delight as Nelson turned away and pursued his course through the wards.
+This was the only occasion on which I ever saw Lord Nelson."
+
+In the summer of 1828 Mr. Lockhart went down to Brighton, accompanied by
+Sir Walter Scott, Miss Scott, Mrs. Lockhart and her son John--the
+Littlejohn to whom Scott's charming "Tales of a Grandfather," which
+were at that time in course of publication, had been addressed. It was
+on the boy's account the party went to Brighton; he was very ill and
+gradually sinking.
+
+While at Brighton, Lockhart had an interview with the Duke of
+Wellington, and wrote to Murray on the subject.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_. _May_ 18, 1828.
+
+"I have a message from the D. of W. to say that he, on the whole, highly
+approves the paper on foreign politics, but has some criticisms to
+offer on particular points, and will send for me some day soon to hear
+them. I have of course signified my readiness to attend him any time he
+is pleased to appoint, and expect it will be next week."
+
+That the Duke maintained his interest in the _Quarterly_ is shown by a
+subsequent extract:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+AUCHENRAITH, _January_ 19, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter met me here yesterday, and he considered the Duke's epistle
+as an effort of the deepest moment to the _Quarterly_ and all concerned.
+He is sure no minister ever gave a more distinguished proof of his
+feeling than by this readiness to second the efforts of a literary
+organ. Therefore, no matter about a week sooner or later, let us do the
+thing justice."
+
+Before his departure for Brighton, Mr. Lockhart had been commissioned by
+Murray to offer Sir Walter Scott L1,250 for the copyright of his
+"History of Scotland," a transaction concerning which some informal
+communications had already passed.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR _SIR_,
+
+Sir W. Scott has already agreed to furnish Dr. Lardner's "Cyclopaedia"
+with one vol.--"History of Scotland"--for L1,000, and he is now at this
+work. This is grievous, but you must not blame me, for he has acted in
+the full knowledge of my connection with and anxiety about the Family
+Library. I answered him, expressing my great regret and reminding him of
+Peterborough. I suppose, as I never mentioned, nor well could, _money_,
+that Dr. Lardner's matter appeared more a piece of business. Perhaps you
+may think of something to be done. It is a great loss to us and gain to
+them.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+J.G.L.
+
+After the failure of Ballantyne and Constable, Cadell, who had in former
+years been a partner in Constable's house, became Scott's publisher, and
+at the close of 1827 the principal copyrights of Scott's works,
+including the novels from "Waverley" to "Quentin Durward," and most of
+the poems, were put up to auction, and purchased by Cadell and Scott
+jointly for L8,500. At this time the "Tales of a Grandfather" were
+appearing by instalments, and Murray wrote to the author, begging to be
+allowed to become the London publisher of this work. Scott replied:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray._
+
+6, Shandwick Place, Edinburgh,
+
+_November _26, 1828.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I was favoured with your note some time since, but could not answer it
+at the moment till I knew whether I was like to publish at Edinburgh or
+not. The motives for doing so are very strong, for I need not tell you
+that in literary affairs a frequent and ready communication with the
+bookseller is a very necessary thing.
+
+As we have settled, with advice of those who have given me their
+assistance in extricating my affairs, to publish in Edinburgh, I do not
+feel myself at liberty to dictate to Cadell any particular selection of
+a London publisher. If I did so, I should be certainly involved in any
+discussions or differences which might occur between my London and
+Edinburgh friends, which would be adding an additional degree of
+perplexity to my affairs. I feel and know the value of your name as a
+publisher, but if we should at any time have the pleasure of being
+connected with you in that way, it must be when it is entirely on your
+own account. The little history designed for Johnnie Lockhart was long
+since promised to Cadell.
+
+I do not, in my conscience, think that I deprive you of anything of
+consequence in not being at present connected with you in literary
+business. My reputation with the world is something like a high-pressure
+engine, which does very well while all lasts stout and tight, but is
+subject to sudden explosion, and I would rather that another than an old
+friend stood the risk of suffering by the splinters.
+
+I feel all the delicacy of the time and mode of your application, and
+you cannot doubt I would greatly prefer you personally to men of whom I
+know nothing. But they are not of my choosing, nor are they in any way
+responsible to me. I transact with the Edinburgh bookseller alone, and
+as I must neglect no becoming mode of securing myself, my terms are
+harder than I think you, in possession of so well established a trade,
+would like to enter upon, though they may suit one who gives up his time
+to them as almost his sole object of expense and attention. I hope this
+necessary arrangement will make no difference betwixt us, being, with
+regard,
+
+Your faithful, humble Servant,
+
+Walter Scott.
+
+On his return to London, Lockhart proceeded to take a house, No. 24,
+Sussex Place, Regent's Park; for he had been heretofore living in the
+furnished apartments provided for him in Pall Mall. Mr. Murray wrote to
+him on the subject:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Lockhart_.
+
+_July_ 31, 1828.
+
+As you are about taking or retaking a house, I think it right to inform
+you now that the editor's dividend on the _Quarterly Review_ will be in
+future L325 on the publication of each number; and I think it very hard
+if you do not get L200 or L300 more for your own contributions.
+
+Most truly yours,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+At the beginning of the following year Lockhart went down to Abbotsford,
+where he found his father-in-law working as hard as ever.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 4, 1820.
+
+"I have found Sir Walter Scott in grand health and spirits, and have had
+much conversation with him on his hill-side about all our concerns. I
+shall keep a world of his hints and suggestions till we meet; but
+meanwhile he has agreed to write _almost immediately_ a one volume
+biography of the great Earl of Peterborough, and I think you will agree
+with me in considering the choice of this, perhaps the last of our
+romantic heroes, as in all respects happy. ... He will also write _now_
+an article on some recent works of Scottish History (Tytler's, etc.)
+giving, he promises, a complete and gay summary of all that controversy;
+and next Nov. a general review of the Scots ballads, whereof some twenty
+volumes have been published within these ten years, and many not
+published but only printed by the Bannatyne club of Edinburgh, and
+another club of the same order at Glasgow.... I am coaxing him to make a
+selection from Crabbe, with a preface, and think he will be persuaded."
+
+_January_ 8, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter Scott suggests overhauling Caulfield's portraits of
+remarkable characters (3 vols., 1816), and having roughish woodcuts
+taken from that book and from others, and the biographies newly done,
+whenever they are not in the words of the old original writers. He says
+the march of intellect will never put women with beards and men with
+horns out of fashion--Old Parr, Jenkins, Venner, Muggleton, and Mother
+Souse, are immortal, all in their several ways."
+
+By 1829 Scott and Cadell had been enabled to obtain possession of all
+the principal copyrights, with the exception of two one-fourth shares
+of "Marmion," held by Murray and Longman respectively. Sir Walter Scott
+applied to Murray through Lockhart, respecting this fourth share. The
+following was Murray's reply to Sir Walter Scott:
+
+_John Murray to Sir Walter Scott_.
+
+_June_ 8, 1829.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Mr. Lockhart has at this moment communicated to me your letter
+respecting my fourth share of the copyright of "Marmion." I have already
+been applied to by Messrs. Constable and by Messrs. Longman, to know
+what sum I would sell this share for; but so highly do I estimate the
+honour of being, even in so small a degree, the publisher of the author
+of the poem, that no pecuniary consideration whatever can induce me to
+part with it. But there is a consideration of another kind, which, until
+now, I was not aware of, which would make it painful to me if I were to
+retain it a moment longer. I mean, the knowledge of its being required
+by the author, into whose hands it was spontaneously resigned in the
+same instant that I read his request. This share has been profitable to
+me fifty-fold beyond what either publisher or author could have
+anticipated; and, therefore, my returning it on such an occasion, you
+will, I trust, do me the favour to consider in no other light than as a
+mere act of grateful acknowledgment for benefits already received by, my
+dear sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+P.S.--It will be proper for your man of business to prepare a regular
+deed to carry this into effect, which I will sign with the greatest
+self-satisfaction, as soon as I receive it.
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+EDINBURGH, _June_ 12, 1829.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+Nothing can be more obliging or gratifying to me than the very kind
+manner in which you have resigned to me the share you held in "Marmion,"
+which, as I am circumstanced, is a favour of real value and most
+handsomely rendered. I hope an opportunity may occur in which I may more
+effectually express my sense of the obligation than by mere words. I
+will send the document of transference when it can be made out. In the
+meantime I am, with sincere regard and thanks,
+
+Your most obedient and obliged Servant,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+At the end of August 1829 Lockhart was again at Abbotsford; and sending
+the slips of Sir Walter's new article for the next _Quarterly_. He had
+already written for No. 77 the article on "Hajji Baba," and for No. 81
+an article on the "Ancient History of Scotland." The slips for the new
+article were to be a continuation of the last, in a review of Tytler's
+"History of Scotland." The only other articles he wrote for the
+_Quarterly_ were his review of Southey's "Life of John Bunyan," No. 86,
+in October 1830; and his review--the very last--of Pitcairn's "Criminal
+Trials of Scotland," No. 88, in February 1831.
+
+His last letter to Mr. Murray refers to the payment for one of these
+articles:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to John Murray_.
+
+ABBOTSFORD, _Monday_, 1830.
+
+My Dear Sir,
+
+I acknowledge with thanks your remittance of L100, and I will be happy
+to light on some subject which will suit the _Review_, which may be
+interesting and present some novelty. But I have to look forward to a
+very busy period betwixt this month and January, which may prevent my
+contribution being ready before that time. You may be assured that for
+many reasons I have every wish to assist the _Quarterly_, and will be
+always happy to give any support which is in my power.
+
+I have inclosed for Moore a copy of one of Byron's letters to me. I
+received another of considerable interest, but I do not think it right
+to give publicity without the permission of a person whose name is
+repeatedly mentioned. I hope the token of my good wishes will not come
+too late. These letters have been only recovered after a long search
+through my correspondence, which, as usual with literary folks, is sadly
+confused.
+
+I beg my kind compliments to Mrs. Murray and the young ladies, and am,
+yours truly,
+
+WALTER SCOTT.
+
+Scott now began to decline rapidly, and was suffering much from his
+usual spasmodic attacks; yet he had Turner with him, making drawings for
+the new edition of his poems. Referring to his last article in the
+_Quarterly_ on Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials," he bids Lockhart to inform
+Mr. Murray that "no one knows better your liberal disposition, and he is
+aware that L50 is more than his paper is worth." Scott's illness
+increased, and Lockhart rarely left his side.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 16, 1831.
+
+"Yesterday determined Sir W. Scott's motions. He owes to Croker the
+offer of a passage to Naples in a frigate which sails in about a
+fortnight. He will therefore proceed southwards by land next week,
+halting at Rokeby, and with his son at Notts, by the way. We shall leave
+Edinburgh by next Tuesday's steamer, so as to be in town before him, and
+ready for his reception. We are all deeply obliged to Croker on this
+occasion, for Sir Walter is quite unfit for the fatigues of a long land
+journey, and the annoyances innumerable of Continental inns; and, above
+all, he will have a good surgeon at hand, in case of need. The
+arrangement has relieved us all of a great burden of annoyances and
+perplexities and fears."
+
+Another, and the last of Lockhart's letters on this subject, may be
+given:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+CHIEFSWOOD, _September_ 19, 1831.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+In consequence of my sister-in-law, Annie Scott, being taken unwell,
+with frequent fainting fits, the result no doubt of over anxieties of
+late, I have been obliged to let my wife and children depart by
+tomorrow's steamer without me, and I remain to attend to Sir Walter
+thro' his land progress, which will begin on Friday, and end, I hope
+well, on Wednesday. If this should give any inconvenience to you, God
+knows I regret it, and God knows also I couldn't do otherwise without
+exposing Sir W. and his daughter to a feeling that I had not done my
+duty to them. On the whole, public affairs seem to be so dark, that I am
+inclined to think our best course, in the _Quarterly_, may turn out to
+have been and to be, that of not again appearing until the fate of this
+Bill has been quite settled. My wife will, if you are in town, be much
+rejoiced with a visit; and if you write to me, so as to catch me at
+Rokeby Park, Greta Bridge, next Saturday, 'tis well.
+
+Yours,
+
+J.G. LOCKHART.
+
+P.S.--But I see Rokeby Park would not do. I shall be at Major Scott's,
+15th Hussars, Nottingham, on Monday night.
+
+It would be beyond our province to describe in these pages the closing
+scenes of Sir Walter Scott's life: his journey to Naples, his attempt to
+write more novels, his failure, and his return home to Abbotsford to
+die. His biography, by his son-in-law Lockhart, one of the best in the
+whole range of English literature, is familiar to all our readers; and
+perhaps never was a more faithful memorial erected, in the shape of a
+book, to the beauty, goodness, and faithfulness of a noble literary
+character.
+
+In this work we are only concerned with Sir Walter's friendship and
+dealings with Mr. Murray, and on these the foregoing correspondence,
+extending over nearly a quarter of a century, is sufficient comment.
+When a committee was formed in Sir Walter's closing years to organize
+and carry out some public act of homage and respect to the great genius,
+Mr. Murray strongly urged that the money collected, with which
+Abbotsford was eventually redeemed, should be devoted to the purchase of
+all the copyrights for the benefit of Scott and his family: it cannot
+but be matter of regret that this admirable suggestion was not adopted.
+
+During the year 1827 Mr. Murray's son, John Murray the Third, was
+residing in Edinburgh as a student at the University, and attended the
+memorable dinner at which Scott was forced to declare himself the author
+of the "Waverley Novels."
+
+His account of the scene, as given in a letter to his father, forms a
+fitting conclusion to this chapter.
+
+"I believe I mentioned to you that Mr. Allan had kindly offered to take
+me with him to a Theatrical Fund dinner, which took place on Friday
+last. There were present about 300 persons--a mixed company, many of
+them not of the most respectable order. Sir Walter Scott took the chair,
+and there was scarcely another person of any note to support him except
+the actors. The dinner, therefore, would have been little better than
+endurable, had it not been remarkable for the confession of Sir Walter
+Scott that he was the author of the 'Waverley Novels.'
+
+"This acknowledgment was forced from him, I believe, contrary to his own
+wish, in this manner. Lord Meadowbank, who sat on his left hand,
+proposed his health, and after paying him many compliments, ended his
+speech by saying that the clouds and mists which had so long surrounded
+the Great Unknown were now revealed, and he appeared in his true
+character (probably alluding to the _expose_ made before Constable's
+creditors, for I do not think there was any preconcerted plan). Upon
+this Sir Walter rose, and said, 'I did not expect on coming here today
+that I should have to disclose before 300 people a secret which,
+considering it had already been made known to about thirty persons, had
+been tolerably well kept. I am not prepared to give my reasons for
+preserving it a secret, caprice had certainly a great share in the
+matter. Now that it is out, I beg leave to observe that I am sole and
+undivided author of those novels. Every part of them has originated with
+me, or has been suggested to me in the course of my reading. I confess
+I am guilty, and am almost afraid to examine the extent of my
+delinquency. "Look on't again, I dare not!" The wand of Prospero is now
+broken, and my book is buried, but before I retire I shall propose the
+health of a person who has given so much delight to all now present, The
+Bailie Nicol Jarvie.'
+
+"I report this from memory. Of course it is not quite accurate in words,
+but you will find a tolerable report of it in the _Caledonian Mercury_
+of Saturday. This declaration was received with loud and long applause.
+As this was gradually subsiding, a voice from the end of the room was
+heard [Footnote: The speaker on this occasion was the actor Mackay, who
+had attained considerable celebrity by his representation of Scottish
+characters, and especially of that of the famous Bailie in "Rob Roy."]
+exclaiming in character,' Ma conscience! if my father the Bailie had
+been alive to hear that ma health had been proposed by the Author of
+Waverley,' etc., which, as you may suppose, had a most excellent
+effect."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+NAPIER'S "PENINSULAR WAR"--CHOKER'S "BOSWELL"--"THE FAMILY LIBRARY,"
+ETC.
+
+
+The public has long since made up its mind as to the merits of Colonel
+Napier's "History of the Peninsular War." It is a work which none but a
+soldier who had served through the war as he had done, and who,
+moreover, combined with practical experience a thorough knowledge of the
+science of war, could have written.
+
+At the outset of his work he applied to the Duke of Wellington for his
+papers. This rather abrupt request took the Duke by surprise. The
+documents in his possession were so momentous, and the great part of
+them so confidential in their nature, that he felt it to be impossible
+to entrust them indiscriminately to any man living. He, however,
+promised Napier to put in his hands any specified paper or document he
+might ask for, provided no confidence would be broken by its
+examination. He also offered to answer any question Napier might put to
+him, and with this object invited him to Stratfieldsaye, where the two
+Generals discussed many points connected with the campaign.
+
+_Colonel W. Napier to John Murray_.
+
+BROMHAM, WILTS,
+
+_December_ 5, 1828.
+
+Dear Sir,
+
+My first volume is now nearly ready for the press, and as I think that
+in matters of business a plain straightforward course is best, I will at
+once say what I conceive to be the valuable part of my work, and leave
+you to make a proposition relative to publication of the single volume,
+reserving further discussion about the whole until the other volumes
+shall be in a more forward state.
+
+The volume in question commences with the secret treaty of
+Fontainebleau concluded in 1809, and ends with the battle of Corunna. It
+will have an appendix of original documents, many of which are extremely
+interesting, and there will also be some plans of the battles. My
+authorities have been:
+
+1. All the original papers of Sir Hew Dalrymple.
+
+2. Those of Sir John Moore.
+
+3. King Joseph's correspondence taken at the battle of Vittoria, and
+placed at my disposal by the Duke of Wellington. Among other papers are
+several notes and detailed instructions by Napoleon which throw a
+complete light upon his views and proceedings in the early part of the
+war.
+
+4. Notes of conversations held with the Duke of Wellington for the
+especial purpose of connecting my account of his operations.
+
+5. Notes of conversation with officers of high rank in the French,
+English, and Spanish services.
+
+6. Original journals, and the most unreserved communications with
+Marshal Soult.
+
+7. My own notes of affairs in which I have been present.
+
+8. Journals of regimental officers of talent, and last but not least,
+copies taken by myself from the original muster rolls of the French army
+as they were transmitted to the Emperor.
+
+Having thus distributed all my best wares in the bow window, I shall
+leave you to judge for yourself; and, as the diplomatists say, will be
+happy to treat upon a suitable basis. In the meantime,
+
+I remain, your very obedient Servant,
+
+W. NAPIER.
+
+About a fortnight later (December 25, 1827) he again wrote that he would
+have the pleasure of putting a portion of his work into Mr. Murray's
+hands in a few days; but that "it would be disagreeable to him to have
+it referred to Mr. Southey for an opinion." Murray, it should be
+mentioned, had published Southey's "History of the War in Spain." Some
+negotiations ensued, in the course of which Mr. Murray offered 500
+guineas for the volume. This proposal, however, was declined by Colonel
+Napier.
+
+Murray after fuller consideration offered a thousand guineas, which
+Colonel Napier accepted, and the volume was accordingly published in the
+course of 1828. Notwithstanding the beauty of its style and the grandeur
+of its descriptions, the book gave great offence by the severity of its
+criticism, and called forth a multitude of replies and animadversions.
+More than a dozen of these appeared in the shape of pamphlets bearing
+their authors' names, added to which the _Quarterly Review_, departing
+from the general rule, gave no less than four criticisms in succession.
+This innovation greatly disgusted the publisher, who regarded them as so
+much lead weighing down his _Review_, although they proceeded from the
+pen of the Duke's right-hand man, the Rt. Hon. Sir George Murray. They
+were unreadable and produced no effect. It is needless to add the Duke
+had nothing to do with them.
+
+Mr. Murray published no further volumes of the "History of the
+Peninsular War," but at his suggestion Colonel Napier brought out the
+second and succeeding volumes on his own account. In illustration of the
+loss which occurred to Mr. Murray in publishing the first volume of the
+history, the following letter may be given, as addressed to the editor
+of the _Morning Chronicle_:
+
+_John Murray to the Editor of the Morning Chronicle_.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _February_ 13, 1837.
+
+SIR,
+
+My attention has been called to an article in your paper of the 14th of
+January, containing the following extract from Colonel Napier's reply to
+the third article in the _Quarterly Review_, on his "History of the
+Peninsular War." [Footnote: The article appeared in No. 111 of
+_Quarterly_, April 1836.]
+
+"Sir George Murray only has thrown obstacles in my way, and if I am
+rightly informed of the following circumstances, his opposition has not
+been confined to what I have stated above. Mr. Murray, the bookseller,
+purchased my first volume, with the right of refusal for the second
+volume. When the latter was nearly ready, a friend informed me that he
+did not think Murray would purchase, because he had heard him say that
+Sir George Murray had declared it was not 'The Book.' He did not point
+out any particular error, but it was not 'The Book,' meaning, doubtless,
+that his own production, when it appeared, would be 'The Book.' My
+friend's prognostic was not false. I was offered just half of the sum
+given for the first volume. I declined it, and published on my own
+account, and certainly I have had no reason to regret that Mr.
+Bookseller Murray waited for 'The Book,' indeed, he has since told me
+very frankly that he had mistaken his own interest."
+
+In answer to the first part of this statement, I beg leave to say, that
+I had not, at the time to which Colonel Napier refers, the honour of any
+acquaintance with Sir George Murray, nor have I held any conversation or
+correspondence with him on the subject of Colonel Napier's book, or of
+any other book on the Peninsular War. In reply to the second part of the
+statement, regarding the offer for Colonel Napier's second volume of
+half the sum (viz. 500 guineas) that I gave for the first volume
+(namely, 1,000 guineas), I have only to beg the favour of your insertion
+of the following letter, written by me to Colonel Napier, upon the
+occasion referred to.
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _May_ 13, 1829.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Upon making up the account of the sale of the first volume of "The
+History of the War in the Peninsula" I find that I am at this time minus
+L545 12s. At this loss I do by no means in the present instance repine,
+for I have derived much gratification from being the publisher of a work
+which is so intrinsically valuable, and which has been so generally
+admired, and it is some satisfaction to me to find by this result that
+my own proposal to you was perfectly just. I will not, however, venture
+to offer you a less sum for the second volume, but recommend that you
+should, in justice to yourself, apply to some other publishers; if you
+should obtain from them the sum which you are right in expecting, it
+will afford me great pleasure, and, if you do not, you will find me
+perfectly ready to negotiate; and in any case I shall continue to be,
+with the highest esteem, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+I am confident you will do me the justice to insert this letter, and
+have no doubt its contents will convince Colonel Napier that his
+recollection of the circumstances has been incomplete.
+
+I have the honour to be, sir,
+
+Your obedient humble Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+It may not be generally known that we owe to Colonel Napier's work the
+publication of the Duke of Wellington's immortal "Despatches." The Duke,
+upon principle, refused to read Napier's work; not wishing, as he said,
+to quarrel with its author. But he was made sufficiently acquainted with
+the contents from friends who had perused it, and who, having made the
+campaigns with him, could point to praise and blame equally undeserved,
+to designs misunderstood and misrepresented, as well as to supercilious
+criticism and patronizing approval, which could not but be painful to
+the great commander. His nature was too noble to resent this; but he
+resolved, in self-defence, to give the public the means of ascertaining
+the truth, by publishing all his most important and secret despatches,
+in order, he said, to give the world a correct account not only of what
+he did, but of what he intended to do.
+
+Colonel Gurwood was appointed editor of the "Despatches" and, during
+their preparation, not a page escaped the Duke's eye, or his own careful
+revision. Mr. Murray, who was honoured by being chosen as the publisher,
+compared this wonderful collection of documents to a watch: hitherto the
+general public had only seen in the successful and orderly development
+of his campaigns, as it were the hands moving over the dial without
+fault or failure, but now the Duke opened the works, and they were
+enabled to inspect the complicated machinery--the wheels within
+wheels--which had produced this admirable result. It is enough to state
+that in these despatches the _whole_ truth relating to the Peninsular
+War is fully and elaborately set forth.
+
+At the beginning of 1829 Croker consulted Murray on the subject of an
+annotated edition of "Boswell's Johnson." Murray was greatly pleased
+with the idea of a new edition of the work by his laborious friend, and
+closing at once with Croker's proposal, wrote, "I shall be happy to
+give, as something in the way of remuneration, the sum of one thousand
+guineas." Mr. Croker accepted the offer, and proceeded immediately with
+the work.
+
+Mr. Murray communicated to Mr. Lockhart the arrangement he had made with
+Croker. His answer was:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1829.
+
+"I am heartily rejoiced that this 'Johnson,' of which we had so often
+talked, is in such hands at whatever cost. Pray ask Croker whether
+Boswell's account of the Hebridean Tour ought not to be melted into the
+book. Sir Walter has many MS. annotations in his 'Boswell,' both 'Life'
+and 'Tour,' and will, I am sure, give them with hearty good will.... He
+will write down all that he has heard about Johnson when in Scotland;
+and, in particular, about the amusing intercourse between him and Lord
+Auchinleck--Boswell's father--if Croker considers it worth his while."
+
+Sir Walter Scott's offer of information, [Footnote: Sir Walter's letter
+to Croker on the subject will be found in the "Croker Correspondence,"
+ii. 28.] to a certain extent, delayed Croker's progress with the work.
+He wrote to Mr. Murray (November 17, 1829): "The reference to Sir
+Walter Scott delays us a little as to the revises, but his name is well
+worth the delay. My share of the next volume (the 2nd) is quite done;
+and I could complete the other two in a fortnight."
+
+While the work was passing through the press Lockhart again wrote:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+"I am reading the new 'Boswell' with great pleasure, though, I think,
+the editor is often wrong. A prodigious flood of light is thrown on the
+book assuredly; and the incorporation of the 'Tour' is a great
+advantage. Now, do have a really good Index. That to the former edition
+I have continually found inadequate and faulty. The book is a dictionary
+of wisdom and wit, and one should know exactly where to find the _dictum
+magistri_. Many of Croker's own remarks and little disquisitions will
+also be hereafter among the choicest of _quotabilia_."
+
+Croker carried out the work with great industry and vigour, and it
+appeared in 1831. It contained numerous additions, notes, explanations,
+and memoranda, and, as the first attempt to explain the difficulties and
+enigmas which lapse of time had created, it may not unfairly be said to
+have been admirably edited; and though Macaulay, according to his own
+account, "smashed" it in the _Edinburgh_, [Footnote: The correspondence
+on the subject, and the criticism on the work by Macaulay, will be found
+in the "Croker Correspondence," vol. ii. pp. 24-49.] some fifty thousand
+of the "Life" have been sold.
+
+It has been the fashion with certain recent editors of "Boswell's
+Johnson" to depreciate Croker's edition; but to any one who has taken
+the pains to make himself familiar with that work, and to study the vast
+amount of information there collected, such criticism cannot but appear
+most ungenerous. Croker was acquainted with, or sought out, all the
+distinguished survivors of Dr. Johnson's own generation, and by his
+indefatigable efforts was enabled to add to the results of his own
+literary research, oral traditions and personal reminiscences, which but
+for him would have been irrevocably lost.
+
+The additions of subsequent editors are but of trifling value compared
+with the information collected by Mr. Croker, and one of his successors
+at least has not hesitated slightly to transpose or alter many of Mr.
+Croker's notes, and mark them as his own.
+
+Mrs. Shelley, widow of the poet, on receiving a present of Croker's
+"Boswell," from Mr. Murray, said:
+
+_Mrs. Shelley to John Murray_.
+
+"I have read 'Boswell's Journal' ten times: I hope to read it many more.
+It is the most amusing book in the world. Beside that, I do love the
+kind-hearted, wise, and gentle Bear, and think him as lovable and kind a
+friend as a profound philosopher."
+
+Mr. Henry Taylor submitted his play of "Isaac Comnenus"--his first
+work--to Mr. Murray, in February 1827. Lockhart was consulted, and,
+after perusing the play, he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+"There can be no sort of doubt that this play is everyway worthy of
+coming out from Albemarle Street. That the author might greatly improve
+it by shortening its dialogue often, and, once at least, leaving out a
+scene, and by dramatizing the scene at the Synod, instead of narrating
+it, I think sufficiently clear: but, probably, the author has followed
+his own course, upon deliberation, in all these matters. I am of
+opinion, certainly, that _no poem_ has been lately published of anything
+like the power or promise of this."
+
+Lockhart's suggestion was submitted to Mr. Taylor, who gratefully
+acknowledged his criticism, and amended his play.
+
+Mr. Taylor made a very unusual request. He proposed to divide the loss
+on his drama with the publisher! He wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+"I have been pretty well convinced, for some time past, that my book
+will never sell, and, under these circumstances, I cannot think it
+proper that you should be the sole sufferer. Whenever, therefore, you
+are of opinion that the book has had a fair trial, I beg you to
+understand that I shall be ready to divide the loss equally with you,
+that being, I conceive, the just arrangement in the case."
+
+Though Mr. Lockhart gave an interesting review of "Isaac Comnenus" in
+the _Quarterly_, it still hung fire, and did not sell. A few years
+later, however, Henry Taylor showed what he could do, as a poet, by his
+"Philip van Artevelde," which raised his reputation to the highest
+point. Moore, after the publication of this drama, wrote in his "Diary":
+"I breakfasted in the morning at Rogers's, to meet the new poet, Mr.
+Taylor, author of 'Philip van Artevelde': our company, besides, being
+Sydney Smith and Southey. 'Van Artevelde' is a tall, handsome young
+fellow. Conversation chiefly about the profits booksellers make of us
+scribblers. I remember Peter Pindar saying, one of the few times I ever
+met him, that the booksellers drank their wine in the manner of the
+heroes in the hall of Odin, out of authors' skulls." This was a sharp
+saying; but Rogers, if he had chosen to relate his own experiences when
+he negotiated with Mr. Murray about the sale of Crabbe's works, and the
+result of that negotiation, might have proved that the rule was not of
+universal application.
+
+"The Family Library" has already been mentioned. Mr. Murray had long
+contemplated a serial publication, by means of which good literature and
+copyright works might be rendered cheaper and accessible to a wider
+circle of readers than they had hitherto been.
+
+The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge was established in
+1828, with Henry Brougham as Chairman. Mr. Murray subscribed L10 to this
+society, and agreed to publish their "Library of Entertaining
+Knowledge." Shortly afterwards, however, he withdrew from this
+undertaking, which was transferred to Mr. Knight, and reverted to his
+own proposed publication of cheap works.
+
+The first volume of "The Family Library" appeared in April 1829. Murray
+sent a copy to Charles Knight, who returned him the first volume of the
+"Library of Entertaining Knowledge."
+
+_Mr. Charles Knight to John Murray_.
+
+"We each launch our vessels on the same day, and I most earnestly hope
+that both will succeed, for good must come of that success. We have
+plenty of sea-room and need never run foul of each other. My belief is
+that, in a very few years, scarcely any other description of books will
+be published, and in that case we that are first in the field may hope
+to win the race."
+
+Mr. Murray's intention was to include in the Library works on a variety
+of subjects, including History, Biography, Voyages and Travels, Natural
+History, Science, and general literature. They were to be written by the
+best-known authors of the day--Sir Walter Scott, Southey, Milman,
+Lockhart, Washington Irving, Barrow, Allan Cunningham, Dr. Brewster,
+Captain Head, G.R. Gleig, Palgrave, and others. The collection was
+headed by an admirable "Life of Napoleon," by J.G. Lockhart, partly
+condensed from Scott's "Life of Napoleon Bonaparte," and illustrated by
+George Cruikshank. When Lockhart was first invited to undertake this
+biography he consulted Sir Walter Scott as to the propriety of his doing
+so. Sir Walter replied:
+
+_Sir W. Scott to Mr. Lockhart_.
+
+_October_ 30, 1828.
+
+"Your scruples about doing an epitome of the 'Life of Boney' for the
+Family Library that is to be, are a great deal over delicate. My book in
+nine thick volumes can never fill the place which our friend Murray
+wants you to fill, and which if you don't some one else will right soon.
+Moreover, you took much pains in helping me when I was beginning my
+task, and I afterwards greatly regretted that Constable had no means of
+remunerating you, as no doubt he intended when you were giving him so
+much good advice in laying down his grand plans about the Miscellany. By
+all means do what the Emperor [Footnote: From the time of his removal to
+Albemarle Street, Mr. Murray was universally known among "the Trade" as
+"The Emperor of the West."] asks. He is what the Emperor Napoleon was
+not, much a gentleman, and knowing our footing in all things, would not
+have proposed anything that ought to have excited scruples on your
+side." [Footnote: Lockhart's "Life of Scott."]
+
+The book met with a warm reception from the public, and went through
+many editions.
+
+Among other works published in "The Family Library" was the Rev. H.H.
+Milman's "History of the Jews," in three vols., which occasioned much
+adverse criticism and controversy. It is difficult for us who live in
+such different times to understand or account for the tempest of
+disapprobation with which a work, which now appears so innocent, was
+greeted, or the obloquy with which its author was assailed. The "History
+of the Jews" was pronounced _unsound_; it was alleged that the miracles
+had been too summarily disposed of; Abraham was referred to as an Arab
+sheik, and Jewish history was too sacred to be submitted to the laws of
+ordinary investigation. Hence Milman was preached against, from Sunday
+to Sunday, from the University and other pulpits. Even Mr. Sharon Turner
+expostulated with Mr. Murray as to the publication of the book. He said
+he had seen it in the window of Carlile, the infidel bookseller, "as if
+he thought it suited his purpose." The following letter is interesting
+as indicating what the Jews themselves thought of the history.
+
+_Mr. Magnus to John Murray_. _March_ 17, 1834.
+
+Sir,
+
+Will you have the goodness to inform me of the Christian name of the
+Rev. Mr. Milman, and the correct manner of spelling his name; as a
+subscription is about to be opened by individuals of the Jewish nation
+for the purpose of presenting him with a piece of plate for the liberal
+manner in which he has written their history.
+
+The piece of plate was duly subscribed for and presented, with every
+demonstration of acknowledgment and thanks. Milman's "History of the
+Jews" did not prevent his preferment, as he was promoted from the
+vicarage of St. Mary's, Reading, to the rectorship of St. Margaret's,
+Westminster, and a canonry in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter; after
+which, in 1849, he was made Dean of St. Paul's.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+MOORE'S "LIFE OF BYRON"
+
+
+In 1827 or 1828 Mr. Hanson, the late Lord Byron's solicitor, wrote to
+Murray, enquiring, on behalf of the executors, whether he would be
+willing to dispose of his interest in the first five cantos of "Don
+Juan." Mr. Murray, however, had long been desirous of publishing a
+complete edition of the works of Lord Byron, "for the public," he wrote,
+"are absolutely indignant at not being able to obtain a complete edition
+of Lord Byron's works in this country; and at least 15,000 copies have
+been brought here from France." Murray proposed that those copyrights of
+Lord Byron, which were the property of his executors, should be valued
+by three respectable publishers, and that he should purchase them at
+their valuation. Mr. Hobhouse, to whom as one of the executors this
+proposal was made, was anxious that the complete edition should be
+published in England with as little delay as possible, but he stated
+that "some obstacles have arisen in consequence of the Messrs. Hunt
+having upon hand some hundred copies of their two volumes, which they
+have asked a little time to get rid of, and for which they are now
+accounting to the executors."
+
+Murray requested Mr. Hanson to apply to the executors, and inform him
+what sum they required for the works of Lord Byron, the copyrights of
+which were in their possession. This they refused to state, but after
+considerable delay, during which the Hunts were disposing of the two
+volumes, the whole of the works of Lord Byron which were not in Mr.
+Murray's possession were put up to auction, and bought by him for the
+sum of L3,885. These included the "Hours of Idleness," eleven cantos of
+"Don Juan," the "Age of Bronze," and other works--all of which had
+already been published.
+
+Notwithstanding the destruction of Lord Byron's Memoirs, described in a
+previous chapter, Murray had never abandoned the intention of bringing
+out a Biography of his old friend the poet, for which he possessed
+plenteous materials in the mass of correspondence which had passed
+between them. Although his arrangement with Thomas Moore had been
+cancelled by that event, his eye rested on him as the fittest person,
+from his long intimacy with the poet, to be entrusted with the task, for
+which, indeed, Lord Byron had himself selected him.
+
+Accordingly in 1826 author and publisher seem to have drawn together
+again, and begun the collection of materials, which was carried on in a
+leisurely way, until Leigh Hunt's scandalous attack on his old patron
+and benefactor [Footnote: "Recollections of Lord Byron and some of his
+Contemporaries," 1828. 4to.] roused Murray's ardour into immediate
+action.
+
+It was eventually resolved to publish the Life and Correspondence
+together; and many letters passed between Murray and Moore on the
+subject.
+
+From the voluminous correspondence we retain the following extract from
+a letter from Moore to Murray:
+
+"One of my great objects, as you will see in reading me, is to keep my
+style down to as much simplicity as I am capable of; for nothing could
+be imagined more discordant than the mixture of any of our
+Asiatico-Hibernian eloquence with the simple English diction of Byron's
+letters."
+
+Murray showed the early part of "Byron's Life" to Lockhart, who replied
+to him at once:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 23, 1829.
+
+"I can't wait till tomorrow to say that I think the beginning of 'Byron'
+quite perfect in every way--the style simple, and unaffected, as the
+materials are rich, and how sad. It will be Moore's greatest work--at
+least, next to the 'Melodies,' and will be a fortune to you. My wife
+says it is divine. By all means engrave the early miniature. Never was
+anything so drearily satisfactory to the imagination as the whole
+picture of the lame boy's start in life."
+
+Moore was greatly touched by this letter. He wrote from Sloperton:
+
+_Mr. Moore to John Murray_.
+
+"Lockhart's praise has given me great pleasure, and his wife's even
+still greater; but, after all, the merit is in my subject--in the man,
+not in me. He must be a sad bungler who would spoil such a story."
+
+As the work advanced, Sir Walter Scott's opinion also was asked.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_September_ 29, 1829.
+
+"Sir Walter has read the first 120 pages of Moore's 'Life of Byron'; and
+he says they are charming, and not a syllable _de trop_. He is now busy
+at a grand rummage among his papers, and has already found one of Lord
+Byron's letters which shall be at Mr. Moore's service forthwith. He
+expects to find more of them. This is curious, as being the first of
+'Byron' to Scott."
+
+The first volume of "Lord Byron's Life and Letters," published on
+January 1, 1830, was read with enthusiasm, and met with a very
+favourable reception. Moore says in his Diary that "Lady Byron was
+highly pleased with the 'Life,'" but among the letters received by Mr.
+Murray, one of the most interesting was from Mrs. Shelley, to whom a
+presentation copy had been sent.
+
+_Mrs. Shelley to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 19, 1830.
+
+Except the occupation of one or two annoyances, I have done nothing but
+read, since I got "Lord Byron's Life." I have no pretensions to being a
+critic, yet I know infinitely well what pleases me. Not to mention the
+judicious arrangement and happy _tact_ displayed by Mr. Moore, which
+distinguish the book, I must say a word concerning the style, which is
+elegant and forcible. I was particularly struck by the observations on
+Lord Byron's character before his departure to Greece, and on his
+return. There is strength and richness, as well as sweetness.
+
+The great charm of the work to me, and it will have the same to you, is
+that the Lord Byron I find there is _our_ Lord Byron--the fascinating,
+faulty, philosophical being--daring the world, docile to a private
+circle, impetuous and indolent, gloomy, and yet more gay than any other.
+I live with him again in these pages--getting reconciled (as I used in
+his lifetime) to those waywardnesses which annoyed me when he was away,
+through the delightful tone of his conversation and manners.
+
+His own letters and journals mirror himself as he was, and are
+invaluable. There is something cruelly kind in this single volume. When
+will the next come? Impatient before, how tenfold more so am I now.
+Among its many other virtues, this book is accurate to a miracle. I have
+not stumbled on one mistake with regard either to time, place, or
+feeling.
+
+I am, dear Sir,
+
+Your obedient and obliged Servant,
+
+MARY SHELLEY.
+
+The preparation of the second volume proceeded more rapidly than the
+first, for Lord Byron's letters to Murray and Moore during the later
+years of his life covered the whole period, and gave to the record an
+almost autobiographical character. It appeared in January 1831, and
+amongst many other readers of it Mrs. Somerville, to whom Mr. Murray
+sent a present of the book, was full of unstinted praise.
+
+_Mrs. Somerville to John Murray_.
+
+_January_ 13, 1831.
+
+You have kindly afforded me a source of very great interest and pleasure
+in the perusal of the second volume of Moore's "Life of Byron." In my
+opinion, it is very superior to the first; there is less repetition of
+the letters; they are better written, abound more in criticism and
+observation, and make the reader better acquainted with Lord Byron's
+principles and character. His morality was certainly more suited to the
+meridian of Italy than England; but with all his faults there is a charm
+about him that excites the deepest interest and admiration. His letter
+to Lady Byron is more affecting and beautiful than anything I have read;
+it must ever be a subject of regret that it was not sent; it seems
+impossible that it should not have made a lasting impression, and might
+possibly have changed the destinies of both. With kind remembrances to
+Mrs. Murray and the young people,
+
+Believe me, truly yours,
+
+MARY SOMERVILLE.
+
+Mr. Croker's opinion was as follows:
+
+"As to what you say of Byron's volume, no doubt there are _longueurs_,
+but really not many. The most teasing part is the blanks, which perplex
+without concealing. I also think that Moore went on a wrong principle,
+when, publishing _any_ personality, he did not publish _all_. It is like
+a suppression of evidence. When such horrors are published of Sir S.
+Romilly, it would have been justice to his memory to show that, on the
+_slightest_ provocation, Byron would treat his dearest friend in the
+same style. When his sneers against Lady Byron and her mother are
+recorded, it would lessen their effect if it were shown that he sneered
+at all man and womankind in turn; and that the friend of his choicest
+selection, or the mistress of his maddest love, were served no better,
+when the maggot (selfishness) bit, than his wife or his mother-in-law."
+
+The appearance of the Life induced Captain Medwin to publish his
+"Conversations with Lord Byron," a work now chiefly remembered as having
+called forth from Murray, who was attacked in it, a reply which, as a
+crashing refutation of personal charges, has seldom been surpassed.
+[Footnote: Mr. Murray's answer to Medwin's fabrications is published in
+the Appendix to the 8vo edition of "Lord Byron's Poems."]
+
+Amongst the reviews of the biography was one by Lockhart in the
+_Quarterly_ (No. 87), which was very favourable; but an article, by Mr.
+Croker in No. 91, on another of Moore's works--the "Life of Lord Edward
+Fitzgerald"--was of a very different character. Murray told Moore of the
+approaching appearance of the article in the next number, and Moore
+enters in his Diary, "Saw my 'Lord Edward Fitzgerald' announced as one
+of the articles in the _Quarterly_, to be abused of course; and this too
+immediately after my dinings and junketings with both author and
+publisher."
+
+_Mr. Moore to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 25, 1831.
+
+... I see that what I took for a joke of yours is true, and that you are
+_at_ me in this number of the _Quarterly_. I have desired Power to send
+you back my copy when it comes, not liking to read it just now for
+reasons. In the meantime, here's some _good_-humoured doggerel for you:
+
+THOUGHTS ON EDITORS.
+
+_Editur et edit_.
+
+No! Editors don't care a button,
+  What false and faithless things they do;
+They'll let you come and cut their mutton,
+  And then, they'll have a cut at you.
+
+With Barnes I oft my dinner took,
+  Nay, met e'en Horace Twiss to please him:
+Yet Mister Barnes traduc'd my Book,
+  For which may his own devils seize him!
+
+With Doctor Bowring I drank tea,
+  Nor of his cakes consumed a particle;
+And yet th' ungrateful LL.D.
+  Let fly at me, next week, an article!
+
+John Wilson gave me suppers hot,
+  With bards of fame, like Hogg and Packwood;
+A dose of black-strap then I got,
+  And after a still worse of Blackwood.
+
+Alas! and must I close the list
+  With thee, my Lockhart of the _Quarterly?_
+So kind, with bumper in thy fist,--
+  With pen, so very gruff and tartarly.
+
+Now in thy parlour feasting me,
+  Now scribbling at me from your garret,--
+Till, 'twixt the two, in doubt I be,
+  Which sourest is, thy wit or claret?
+
+Should you again see the Noble Scott before he goes, remember me most
+affectionately to him. Ever yours,
+
+Thomas Moore.
+
+
+Mr. Murray now found himself at liberty to proceed with his cherished
+scheme of a complete edition of Lord Byron's works.
+
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Moore._
+
+February 28, 1832.
+
+When I commenced this complete edition of Byron's works I was so out of
+heart by the loss upon the first edition of the "Life," and by the
+simultaneous losses from the failure of three booksellers very largely
+in my debt, that I had little if any hopes of its success, and I felt
+myself under the necessity of declining your kind offer to edit it,
+because I did not think that I should have had it in my power to offer
+you an adequate remuneration. But now that the success of this
+speculation is established, if you will do me the favour to do what you
+propose, I shall have great satisfaction in giving you 500 guineas for
+your labours.
+
+Most sincerely yours,
+
+John Murray.
+
+In 1837, the year in which the work now in contemplation was published,
+the Countess Guiccioli was in London, and received much kindness from
+Mr. Murray. After her return to Rome, she wrote to him a long letter,
+acknowledging the beautifully bound volume of the landscape and portrait
+illustrations of Lord Byron's works. She complained, however, of
+Brockedon's portrait of herself.
+
+_Countess Guiccioli to John Murray_.
+
+"It is not resembling, and to tell you the truth, my dear Mr. Murray, I
+wish it was so; not on account of the ugliness of features (which is
+also remarkable), but particularly for having this portrait an
+expression of _stupidity_, and for its being _molto antipatico_, as we
+say in our language. But perhaps it is not the fault of the painter, but
+of the original, and I am sorry for that. What is certain is that
+towards such a creature nobody may feel inclined to be indulgent; and if
+she has faults and errors to be pardoned for, she will never be so on
+account of her _antipatia_! But pray don't say that to Mr. Brockedon."
+
+A copy was likewise sent to Sir R. Peel with the following letter:
+
+ALBEMARLE STREET, _April_ 17, 1837.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As the invaluable instructions which you addressed to the students of
+the University of Glasgow have as completely associated your name with
+the literature of this country, as your political conduct has with its
+greatest statesmen, I trust that I shall be pardoned for having
+inscribed to you (without soliciting permission) the present edition of
+the works of one of our greatest poets, "your own school-and
+form-fellow," _Byron_.
+
+I have the honour to be, etc.,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_The Right Hon. Sir R. Peel to John Murray_.
+
+WHITEHALL, _April_ 18, 1837.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am much flattered by the compliment which you have paid to me in
+dedicating to me a beautiful edition of the works of my distinguished
+"school-and form-fellow."
+
+I was the next boy to Lord Byron at Harrow for three or four years, and
+was always on very friendly terms with him, though not living in
+particular intimacy out of school.
+
+I do not recollect ever having a single angry word with him, or that
+there ever was any the slightest jealousy or coldness between us.
+
+It is a gratification to me to have my name associated with his in the
+manner in which you have placed it in friendly connection; and I do not
+believe, if he could have foreseen, when we were boys together at
+school, this continuance of a sort of amicable relation between us after
+his death, the idea would have been otherwise than pleasing to him.
+
+Believe me,
+
+My dear Sir,
+
+Very faithfully yours,
+
+ROBERT PEEL.
+
+A few words remain to be added respecting the statue of Lord Byron,
+which had been so splendidly executed by Thorwaldsen at Rome. Mr.
+Hobhouse wrote to Murray: "Thorwaldsen offers the completed work for
+L1,000, together with a bas-relief for the pedestal, suitable for the
+subject of the monument." The sculptor's offer was accepted, and the
+statue was forwarded from Rome to London. Murray then applied to the
+Dean of Westminster, on behalf of the subscribers, requesting to know
+"upon what terms the statue now completed could be placed in some
+suitable spot in Westminster Abbey." The Dean's answer was as follows:
+
+_The Dean of Westminster to John Murray_.
+
+DEANERY, WESTMINSTER, _December_ 17, 1834.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have not had the opportunity, till this morning, of consulting with
+the Chapter on the subject of your note. When you formerly applied to me
+for leave to inter the remains of Lord Byron within this Abbey, I stated
+to you the principle on which, as Churchmen, we were compelled to
+decline the proposal. The erection of a monument in honour of his memory
+which you now desire is, in its proportion, subject to the same
+objection. I do indeed greatly wish for a figure by Thorwaldsen here;
+but no taste ought to be indulged to the prejudice of a duty.
+
+With my respectful compliments to the Committee, I beg you to believe
+me,
+
+Yours truly,
+
+JOHN IRELAND.
+
+The statue was for some time laid up in a shed on a Thames wharf. An
+attempt was made in the House of Commons to alter the decision of the
+Dean and Chapter, but it proved of no avail. "I would do my best," said
+Mr. Hobhouse, "to prevail upon Sir Robert Peel to use his influence with
+the Dean. It is a national disgrace that the statue should lie neglected
+in a carrier's ware-house, and it is so felt by men of all parties. I
+have had a formal application from Trinity College, Cambridge, for leave
+to place the monument in their great library, and it has been intimated
+to me that the French Government desire to have it for the Louvre." The
+result was that the subscribers, in order to retain the statue in
+England, forwarded it to Trinity College, Cambridge, whose noble library
+it now adorns.
+
+The only memorial to Byron in London is the contemptible leaning bronze
+statue in Apsley House Gardens, nearly opposite the statue of Achilles.
+Its pedestal is a block of Parian marble, presented by the Greek
+Government as a national tribute to the memory of Byron.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+BENJAMIN DISRAELI--THOMAS CARLYLE--AND OTHERS
+
+
+Me. Disraeli's earliest appearance as an author had been with the novel
+of "Vivian Grey," published after a brief visit to Germany while he was
+still in his eighteenth year. Two volumes were published in 1826, and a
+third volume, or continuation, in the following year. The work brought
+the author some notoriety, but, as already noticed, it contained matter
+which gave offence in Albemarle Street. After the publication of the
+first part, which was contemporaneous with the calamitous affair of the
+_Representative_, Mr. Murray saw but little of the Disraeli family, but
+at the commencement of 1830, Mr. Benjamin Disraeli once more applied to
+him for an interview. Mr. Murray, however, in whose mind the former
+episode was still fresh, was unwilling to accede to this request, and
+replied in the third person.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. B. Disraeli_.
+
+"Mr. Murray is obliged to decline at present any personal interview; but
+if Mr. Benjamin Disraeli is disposed to confide his MS. to Mr. Murray as
+a man of business, Mr. Disraeli is assured that the proposal will be
+entertained in every respect with the strictest honour and
+impartiality."
+
+_Mr. B. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+UNION HOTEL, COCKSPUR STREET, 1830.
+
+The object of my interview with you is _purely literary_. It has always
+been my wish, if it ever were my fate to write anything calculated to
+arrest public attention, that you should be the organ of introducing it
+to public notice. A letter I received this morning from my elected
+critic was the reason of my addressing myself to you.
+
+I am sorry that Mr. Mitchell is out of town, because he is a person in
+whom you rightly have confidence; but from some observations he made to
+me the other day it is perhaps not to be regretted that he does not
+interfere in this business. As he has overrated some juvenile
+indiscretions of mine, I fear he is too friendly a critic.
+
+I am thus explicit because I think that candour, for all reasons, is
+highly desirable. If you feel any inclination to pursue this affair, act
+as you like, and fix upon any critic you please. I have no objection to
+Mr. Lockhart, who is certainly an able one, and is, I believe,
+influenced by no undue partiality towards me.
+
+At all events, this is an affair of no great importance--and whatever
+may be your determination, it will not change the feelings which, on my
+part, influenced this application. I have the honour to be, Sir,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+P.S.--I think it proper to observe that I cannot crudely deliver my MS.
+to any one. I must have the honour of seeing you or your critic. I shall
+keep this negotiation open for a couple of days--that is, I shall wait
+for your answer till Tuesday morning, although, from particular
+circumstances, time is important to me.
+
+Mr. Disraeli was about to make a prolonged journey abroad. Before he set
+out he again wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM, BERKS, _May_ 27, 1830.
+
+SIR,
+
+I am unwilling to leave England, which I do on Saturday, without
+noticing your last communication, because I should regret very much if
+you were to misconceive the motives which actuated me in not complying
+with the suggestion therein contained. I can assure you I leave in
+perfect confidence both in your "honour" and your "impartiality," for
+the first I have never doubted, and the second it is your interest to
+exercise.
+
+The truth is, my friend and myself differed in the estimate of the MS.
+alluded to, and while I felt justified, from his opinion, in submitting
+it to your judgment, I felt it due to my own to explain verbally the
+contending views of the case, for reasons which must be obvious.
+
+As you forced me to decide, I decided as I thought most prudently. The
+work is one which, I dare say, would neither disgrace you to publish,
+nor me to write; but it is not the kind of production which should
+recommence our connection, or be introduced to the world by the
+publisher of Byron and Anastasius.
+
+I am now about to leave England for an indefinite, perhaps a long
+period. When I return, if I do return, I trust it will be in my power
+for the _third time_ to endeavour that you should be the means of
+submitting my works to the public. For this I shall be ever ready to
+make great sacrifices, and let me therefore hope that when I next offer
+my volumes to your examination, like the Sibylline books, their
+inspiration may at length be recognised.
+
+I am, Sir,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Disraeli_.
+
+_May_ 29, 1830.
+
+Mr. Murray acknowledges the receipt of Mr. Benjamin Disraeli's polite
+letter of the 27th. Mr. Murray will be ready at all times to receive any
+MS. which Mr. B. Disraeli may think proper to confide to him. Mr. Murray
+hopes the result of Mr. Disraeli's travels will complete the restoration
+of his health, and the gratification of his expectations."
+
+Nearly two years passed before Mr. Disraeli returned to England from
+those travels in Spain, the Mediterranean and the Levant, which are so
+admirably described in his "Home Letters," [Footnote: "Home Letters,"
+written by the late Earl of Beaconsfield in 1830 and 1831. London,
+1885.] and which appear to have exercised so powerful an influence on
+his own character, and his subsequent career. Shortly after his return,
+he wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM HOUSE, WYCOMBE,
+
+_February_ 10, 1832.
+
+Sir,
+
+I have at length completed a work which I wish to submit to your
+consideration. In so doing, I am influenced by the feelings I have
+already communicated to you.
+
+If you retain the wish expressed in a note which I received at Athens in
+the autumn of 1830, I shall have the honour of forwarding the MS, to
+you. Believe me, Sir, whatever may be the result,
+
+Very cordially yours,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+The MS. of the work was at once forwarded to Mr. Murray, who was,
+however, averse to publishing it without taking the advice of his
+friends. He first sent it to Mr. Lockhart, requesting him to read it and
+pronounce his opinion.
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 3, 1832.
+
+"I can't say what ought to be done with this book. To me, knowing whose
+it is, it is full of interest; but the affectations and absurdities are
+such that I can't but think they would disgust others more than the life
+and brilliancy of many of the descriptions would please them. You should
+send it to Milman without saying who is the author.--J.G.L."
+
+The MS. was accordingly sent to Mr. Milman, but as he was very ill at
+the time, and could not read it himself, but transferred it to his wife,
+much delay occurred in its perusal. Meanwhile, Mr. Disraeli became very
+impatient about the publication, and again wrote:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 4, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I wish that I could simplify our arrangements by a stroke by making you
+a present of "The Psychological Romance"; but at present you must indeed
+take the will for the deed, although I hope the future will allow us to
+get on more swimmingly. That work has, in all probability, cost me more
+than I shall ever obtain by it, and indeed I may truly say that to write
+that work I have thrown to the winds all the obvious worldly prospects
+of life.
+
+I am ready to make every possible sacrifice on my part to range myself
+under your colours. I will willingly give up the immediate and positive
+receipt of a large sum of money for the copyright, and by publishing the
+work anonymously renounce that certain sale which, as a successful,
+although I confess not very worthy author, I can command. But in
+quitting my present publisher, I incur, from the terms of our last
+agreement, a _virtual penalty_, which I have no means to pay excepting
+from the proceeds of my pen. Have you, therefore, any objection to
+advance me a sum on the anticipated profits of the edition, not
+exceeding two hundred pounds?
+
+It grieves me much to appear exacting to you, but I frankly tell you the
+reason, and, as it will enable me to place myself at your disposal, I
+hope you will not consider me mercenary, when I am indeed influenced by
+the most sincere desire to meet your views.
+
+If this modification of your arrangement will suit you, as I fervently
+trust it will, I shall be delighted to accede to your wishes. In that
+case let me know without loss of time, and pray let us meet to talk over
+minor points, as to the mode of publication, etc. I shall be at home all
+the morning; my time is very much occupied, and on Thursday or Friday I
+must run down, for a day or two, to Wycombe to attend a public meeting.
+[Footnote: Mr. Disraeli was then a candidate, on the Radical side, for
+the borough of Wycombe.]
+
+Fervently trusting that this arrangement will meet your wishes,
+
+Believe me, yours,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+While the MS. was still in Mr. Milman's hands, Mr. Disraeli followed
+this up with another letter:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_
+
+35 DUKE STREET, ST. JAMES'S.
+
+MY DEAR SIR, I am very sensible that you have conducted yourself, with
+regard to my MS., in the most honourable, kind, and judicious manner;
+and I very much regret the result of your exertions, which neither of us
+deserve.
+
+I can wait no longer. The delay is most injurious to me, and in every
+respect very annoying. I am therefore under the painful necessity of
+requesting you to require from your friend the return of my work without
+a moment's delay, but I shall not deny myself the gratification of
+thanking you for your kindness and subscribing myself, with regard,
+
+Your faithful Servant,
+
+BENJ. DISRAELI.
+
+At length Mr. Milman's letter arrived, expressing his judgment on the
+work, which was much more satisfactory than that of Mr. Lockhart.
+
+_The Rev. H.H. Milman to John Murray_.
+
+READING, _March_ 5, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have been utterly inefficient for the last week, in a state of almost
+complete blindness; but am now, I trust, nearly restored. Mrs. Milman,
+however, has read to me the whole of the MS. It is a very remarkable
+production--very wild, very extravagant, very German, very powerful,
+very poetical. It will, I think, be much read--as far as one dare
+predict anything of the capricious taste of the day--much admired, and
+much abused. It is much more in the Macaulay than in the Croker line,
+and the former is evidently in the ascendant. Some passages will startle
+the rigidly orthodox; the phrenologists will be in rapture. I tell you
+all this, that you may judge for yourself. One thing insist upon, if you
+publish it-that the title be changed. The whole beauty, of the latter
+part especially, is its truth. It is a rapid volume of travels, a
+"Childe Harold" in prose; therefore do not let it be called "a Romance"
+on any account. Let those who will, believe it to be a real history, and
+those who are not taken in, dispute whether it is truth or fiction. If
+it makes any sensation, this will add to its notoriety. "A Psychological
+Auto-Biography" would be too sesquipedalian a title; but "My Life
+Psychologically Related," or "The Psychology of my Life," or some such
+title, might be substituted.
+
+H.H. MILMAN.
+
+Before Mr. Milman's communication had been received, another pressing
+letter arrived from Mr. Disraeli.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+It is with deep regret and some mortification that I appear to press
+you. It is of the highest importance to me that the "P.R." should
+appear without loss of time. I have an impending election in the
+country, which a single and not improbable event may precipitate. It is
+a great object with me, that my work should be published before that
+election.
+
+Its rejection by you will only cause me sorrow. I have no desire that
+you should become its publisher, unless you conceive it may be the first
+of a series of works, which may support your name, and sustain your
+fortunes. There is no question of pecuniary matters between us; I leave
+all these with you, with illimitable trust.
+
+Pray, pray, my dear Sir, do not let me repent the feelings which impel
+me to seek this renewal of our connection. I entreat therefore your
+attention to this subject, and request that you will communicate your
+decision.
+
+Believe me, as I have already said, that whatever that decision may be,
+I shall not the less consider myself,
+
+Very cordially yours,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+And again, in a subsequent letter, Mr. Disraeli said:
+
+"There is no work of fiction on whose character I could not decide in
+four-and-twenty hours, and your critic ought not to be less able than
+your author. Pray, therefore, to communicate without loss of time to
+your obedient faithful servant.
+
+"B.D."
+
+On receiving Mr. Milman's approval, Mr. Murray immediately made up his
+mind to publish the work. He wrote to Mr. Disraeli:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Disraeli_.
+
+_March_ 6, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Your MS. has this moment been returned to me, accompanied by a
+commendation which enables me to say that I should be proud of being its
+publisher. But in these times I am obliged to refrain from speculation,
+and I cannot offer any sum for it that is likely to be equal to its
+probable value.
+
+I would, however, if it so please you, print at my expense an edition of
+1,200 or 1,500 copies, and give you half the profits; and after the sale
+of this edition, the copyright shall be entirely your own; so that if
+the work prove as successful as I anticipate, you will ensure all the
+advantages of it without incurring any risque. If this proposal should
+not suit you, I beg to add that I shall, for the handsome offer of your
+work in the first instance, still remain,
+
+Your obedient Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+Some further correspondence took place as to the title of the work.
+"What do you think," said Mr. Disraeli, "of the 'Psychological Memoir'?
+I hesitate between this and 'Narrative,' but discard 'History' or
+'Biography.' On survey, I conceive the MS. will make four Byronic tomes,
+according to the pattern you were kind enough to show me." The work was
+at length published in 4 vols., foolscap 8vo, with the title of
+"Contarini Fleming: a Psychological Biography."
+
+Before the appearance of the work, Mr. Disraeli wrote to Mr. Murray as
+follows:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+BRADENHAM HOUSE, _May_ 6, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+From the notice of "C.F." in the _Literary Gazette_, which I received
+this morning, I imagine that Jerdan has either bribed the printer, or
+purloined some sheets. It is evident that he has only seen the last
+volume. It is unnecessary for me to observe that such premature notice,
+written in such complete ignorance of the work, can do no good. I think
+that he should be reprimanded, and his petty larceny arrested. I shall
+be in town on Tuesday.
+
+Yours, B.D.
+
+The work, when it appeared in 1833, excited considerable sensation, and
+was very popular at the time of its publication. It is now included in
+the uniform edition of Lord Beaconsfield's works.
+
+During his travels in the East, Mr. Disraeli was attended by Lord
+Byron's faithful gondolier, who had accompanied his master to
+Missolonghi, and remained with him till his death.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DUKE STREET, _July 5_, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have just returned to town, and will call in Albemarle Street as soon
+as I can. Tita, Lord Byron's faithful servant, and [Footnote: See note,
+p. 259.] who was also my travelling companion in the East, called upon
+me this morning. I thought you might wish to see one so intimately
+connected with the lost bard, and who is himself one of the most
+deserving creatures in the world.
+
+Yours faithfully,
+
+B. DISRAELI.
+
+At the same time that Mr. Disraeli was engaged on his novel, he was busy
+with another, but this time a political work entitled "England and
+France: a Cure for the Ministerial Gallomania," dedicated to Lord Grey.
+The first letter on the subject--after Mr. Murray had agreed to publish
+the work--appears to have been the following, from Bradenham, Monday
+night, but without date:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+By to-morrow's coach, at your desire, I send you one-half of the volume,
+which, however, is not in the finished state I could have wished. I have
+materials for any length, but it is desirable to get out without a
+moment's loss of time. It has been suggested to publish a volume
+periodically, and let this come out as No. 1; so as to establish a
+journal of general foreign politics, for which there are ample means of
+first-rate information. I have not been able even to revise what is
+sent, but it will sufficiently indicate the work.
+
+I am to meet a personage on Thursday evening in town, and read over the
+whole to him. It is therefore absolutely necessary that the MS. should
+be returned to you on Thursday morning, and I will call in Albemarle
+Street the moment of my arrival, which will be about four o'clock. If in
+time, acknowledge the receipt by return of post.
+
+The remaining portion of the volume consists of several more dramatic
+scenes in Paris, a view of the character and career of L.P., [Footnote:
+Louis Philippe.] a most curious chapter on the conduct of the
+Diplomatists, and a general view of the state of Europe at the moment of
+publication. Pray be cautious, and above all let me depend upon your
+having the MS. on Thursday, otherwise, as Liston says in "Love, Law and
+Physic," "_we shall get all shot_."
+
+B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_,
+
+_Friday_, 11 o'clock.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I much regret that I missed you yesterday, but I called upon you the
+instant I arrived. I very much wish to talk over the "Gallomania," and
+will come on to you, if it be really impossible for you to pay me a
+visit. I have so much at this moment on my hands, that I should esteem
+such an incident, not only an honour, but a convenience.
+
+B.D.
+
+There seems to have been a difference of opinion between the author and
+the publisher respecting the title of the book:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have a great respect for your judgment, especially on the subject of
+titles, as I have shown in another instance, one which I shall ever
+regret. In the present, I shall be happy to receive from you any
+suggestion, but I can offer none. To me the _Gallomania_ (or _mania_ for
+what is French) appears to be one of the most felicitous titles ever
+devised. It is comprehensive, it is explicit, it is poignant and
+intelligible, as I should suppose, to learned and unlearned. The word
+_Anglomania_ is one of the commonest on the other side of the channel,
+is repeated daily in almost every newspaper; has been the title of one
+or two works; and of the best farce in the French language. It is here
+also common and intelligible.
+
+There is no objection to erasing the epithet "New," if you think it
+loads the title.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+The three following letters were written on the same day:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_. DUKE STREET, _March_ 30, 1832.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I am going to dine with Baron D'Haussez, Baron de Haber, _et hoc genus_,
+today, and must report progress, otherwise they will think I am trifling
+with them. Have you determined on a title? What think you of "A Cure for
+the Ministerial Gallomania," and advertise, dedicated to Lord Grey? Pray
+decide. You are aware I have not yet received a proof. Affairs look
+awkward in France. Beware lest we are a day after the fair, and only
+annalists instead of prophets.
+
+Your very faithful Servant, B. DISRAELI.
+
+_March_ 30.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I think it does very well, and I hope you are also satisfied. I shall
+send you the rest of the MS. tomorrow morning. There is a very
+remarkable chapter on Louis Philippe which is at present with Baron
+D'Haussez; and this is the reason I have not forwarded it to you. I keep
+the advertisement to show them.
+
+B.D.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+In further answer to your note received this evening, I think it proper
+to observe that I entirely agree with you that I "am bound to make as
+few alterations as possible," coming as they do from such a quarter; and
+I have acted throughout in such a spirit. All alterations and omissions
+of consequence are in this first sheet, and I have retained in the
+others many things of which I do not approve, merely on account of my
+respect for the source from whence they are derived.
+
+While you remind me of what I observed to your son, let me also remind
+you of the condition with which my permission was accompanied, viz.:
+that everything was to be submitted to my approval, and subject to my
+satisfaction. On this condition I have placed the proofs in the hands of
+several persons not less distinguished than your friend, [Footnote: Mr.
+Croker, with Mr. B. Disraeli's knowledge, revised the proofs.] and
+superior even in rank and recent office. Their papers are on my table,
+and I shall be happy to show them to you. I will mention one: the
+chapter on Belgium was originally written by the Plenipotentiary of the
+King of Holland to the Conference, Baron Van Zuylen. Scarcely a line of
+the original composition remains, although a very able one, because it
+did not accord with the main design of the book.
+
+With regard to the omission, pp. 12, 13, I acknowledge its felicity; but
+it is totally at variance with every other notice of M. de Talleyrand in
+the work, and entirely dissonant with the elaborate mention of him in
+the last chapter. When the reviser introduced this pungent remark, he
+had never even read the work he was revising.
+
+With regard to the authorship of this work, I should never be ashamed of
+being considered the author, I should be _proud to be_; but I am not. It
+is written by Legion, but I am one of them, and I bear the
+responsibility. If it be supposed to be written by a Frenchman, all its
+good effects must be marred, as it seeks to command attention and
+interest by its purely British spirit.
+
+I have no desire to thrust my acquaintance on your critic. More than
+once, I have had an opportunity to form that acquaintance, and more than
+once I have declined it, but I am ready to bear the _brunt of
+explanation_, if you desire me.
+
+It is quite impossible that anything adverse to the general measure of
+Reform can issue from my pen or from anything to which I contribute.
+Within these four months I have declined being returned for a Tory
+borough, and almost within these four hours, to mention slight affairs,
+I have refused to inscribe myself a member of "The Conservative Club." I
+cannot believe that you will place your critic's feelings for a few
+erased passages against my permanent interest.
+
+But in fact these have nothing to do with the question. To convenience
+you, I have no objection to wash my hands of the whole business, and put
+you in direct communication with my coadjutors. I can assure you that it
+is from no regard for my situation that Reform was omitted, but because
+they are of opinion that its notice would be unwise and injurious. For
+myself, I am ready to do anything that you can desire, except entirely
+change my position in life.
+
+I will see your critic, if you please, or you can give up the
+publication and be reimbursed, which shall make no difference in our
+other affairs. All I ask in this and all other affairs, are candour and
+decision.
+
+The present business is most pressing. At present I am writing a chapter
+on Poland from intelligence just received, and it will be ready for the
+printer tomorrow morning, as I shall finish it before I retire. I await
+your answer with anxiety.
+
+Yours truly,
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Disraeli was evidently intent upon the immediate publication of his
+work. On the following day he wrote again to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 31, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+We shall have an opportunity of submitting the work to Count Orloff
+tomorrow morning, in case you can let me have a set of the proofs
+tonight, I mean as far as we have gone. I do not like to send mine,
+which are covered with corrections.
+
+Yours truly, B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_. _Monday morning_, 9 _o'clock [April_ 2].
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Since I had the honour of addressing you the note of last night, I have
+seen the Baron. Our interview was intended to have been a final one, and
+it was therefore absolutely necessary that I should apprize him of all
+that had happened, of course concealing the name of your friend. The
+Baron says that the insertion of the obnoxious passages is fatal to all
+his combinations; that he has devoted two months of the most valuable
+time to this affair, and that he must hold me personally responsible for
+the immediate fulfilment of my agreement, viz.: to ensure its
+publication when finished.
+
+We dine at the same house today, and I have pledged myself to give him a
+categorical reply at that time, and to ensure its publication by some
+mode or other.
+
+Under these principal circumstances, my dear sir, I can only state that
+the work must be published at once, and with the omission of all
+passages hostile to Reform; and that if you are unwilling to introduce
+it in that way, I request from your friendliness such assistance as you
+can afford me about the printer, etc., to occasion its immediate
+publication in some other quarter.
+
+After what took place between myself and my coadjutor last night, I
+really can have for him only one answer or one alternative, and as I
+wish to give him the first, and ever avoid the second, I look forward
+with confidence to your answer.
+
+B.D.
+
+Mr. Disraeli next desires to have a set of the proofs to put into the
+hands of the Duke of Wellington:
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_,
+
+_April_ 6, 1832.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have just received a note, that if I can get a set of clean proofs by
+Sunday, they will be put in the Duke's hands preliminary to the debate.
+I thought you would like to know this. Do you think it impossible? Let
+this be between us. I am sorry to give you all this trouble, but I know
+your zeal, and the interest you take in these affairs. I myself will
+never keep the printer, and engage when the proofs are sent me to
+prepare them for the press within an hour.
+
+Yours,
+
+B.D.
+
+_Mr. Disraeli to John Murray_.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I am very glad to receive the copy. I think that one should be sent to
+the editor of the _Times_ as quickly as possible; that at least he
+should not be anticipated in the receipt, even if in the _notice_, by a
+Sunday paper. But I leave all this to your better judgment. You will
+send copies to Duke Street as soon as you have them.
+
+B.D.
+
+After the article in the _Times_ had appeared, Baron de Haber, a
+mysterious German gentleman of Jewish extraction, who had taken part in
+the production of "Gallomania," wrote to Mr. Murray:
+
+_Baron de Haber to John Murray_.
+
+2 _Mai_, 1832.
+
+MON CHER MONSIEUR,
+
+J'espere que vous serez content de l'article de _Times_ sur la
+"Gallomania." C'est un grand pas de fait. Il serait utile que le
+_Standard_ et le _Morning Post_ le copie en entier, avec des
+observations dans son sens. C'est a vous, mon cher Monsieur Murray, de
+soigner cet objet. J'ai infiniment regrette de ne m'etre pas trouve chez
+moi hier, lorsque vous etes venu me voir, avec l'aimable Mr. Lockhart.
+
+Tout a vous,
+
+DE H.
+
+_Baron de Haber to John Murray_.
+
+_Vendredi_.
+
+MON CHER MONSIEUR MURRAY,
+
+Vous desirez dans l'interet de l'ouvrage faire mentionner dans le
+_Standard_ que le _Times_ d'aujourd'hui paroit etre assez d'accord avec
+l'auteur de la "Gallomania" sur M. Thiers, esperant que de jour en jour
+il reviendra aux idees de cet auteur.
+
+Il seroit aussi convenable de dire que la _prophetie_ dans la lettre a
+_My Lord Grey_ etait assez juste: Allusion--"In less than a month we
+shall no doubt hear of their _warm_ reception in the Provinces, and of
+some gratifying, perhaps startling, demonstrations of national
+gratitude." Voyez, mon cher Monsieur, comme depuis 8 jours ces pauvres
+Deputes qui ont vote pour le Ministre sont traites, Si vous etes a la
+maison ce soir, dites-le-moi, je desire vous parler. Dinez-vous
+chez-vous?
+
+Votre devoue,
+
+DE H.
+
+The following announcement was published by Mr. Disraeli in reply to
+certain criticisms of his work:
+
+"I cannot allow myself to omit certain observations of my able critic
+without remarking that those omissions are occasioned by no
+insensibility to their acuteness.
+
+"Circumstances of paramount necessity render it quite impossible that
+anything can proceed from my pen hostile to the general question of
+_Reform_.
+
+"Independent however of all personal considerations, and viewing the
+question of Reform for a moment in the light in which my critic
+evidently speculates, I would humbly suggest that the cause which he
+advocates would perhaps be more united in the present pages by being
+passed over _in silence_. It is important that this work should be a
+work not of _party_ but of national interest, and I am induced to
+believe that a large class in this country, who think themselves bound
+to support the present administration from a superficial sympathy with
+their domestic measures, have long viewed their foreign policy with
+distrust and alarm.
+
+"If the public are at length convinced that Foreign Policy, instead of
+being an abstract and isolated division of the national interests, is in
+fact the basis of our empire and present order, and that this basis
+shakes under the unskilful government of the Cabinet, the public may be
+induced to withdraw their confidence from that Cabinet altogether.
+
+"With this exception, I have adopted all the additions and alterations
+that I have yet had the pleasure of seeing without reserve, and I seize
+this opportunity of expressing my sense of their justness and their
+value.
+
+"_The Author of 'Gallomania_.'" [Footnote: Several references are made
+to "Contarini Fleming" and "Gallomania" in "Lord Beaconsfield's Letters
+to his Sister," published in 1887.]
+
+The next person whom we shall introduce to the reader was one who had
+but little in common with Mr. Benjamin Disraeli, except that, like him,
+he had at that time won little of that world-wide renown which he was
+afterwards to achieve. This "writer of books," as he described himself,
+was no other than Thomas Carlyle, who, when he made the acquaintance of
+Mr. Murray, had translated Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister," written the "Life
+of Schiller," and several articles in the Reviews; but was not yet known
+as a literary man of mark. He was living among the bleak, bare moors of
+Dumfriesshire at Craigenputtock, where he was consoled at times by
+visits from Jeffrey and Emerson, and by letters from Goethe, and where
+he wrote that strange and rhapsodical book "Sartor Resartus," containing
+a considerable portion of his own experience. After the MS. was nearly
+finished, he wrapt it in a piece of paper, put in it his pocket, and
+started for Dumfries, on his way to London.
+
+Mr. Francis Jeffrey, then Lord Advocate, recommended Carlyle to try
+Murray, because, "in spite of its radicalism, he would be the better
+publisher." Jeffrey wrote to Mr. Murray on the subject, without
+mentioning Carlyle's name:
+
+_Mr. Jeffrey to John Murray_. _May_ I, 1831.
+
+"Lord Jeffrey [Footnote: Jeffrey writes thus, although he did not become
+a Lord of Session till 1834.] understands that the earlier chapters of
+this work (which is the production of a friend of his) were shown some
+months ago to Mr. Murray (or his reader), and were formally judged of;
+though, from its incomplete state, no proposal for its publication could
+then be entertained. What is now sent completes it; the earlier chapters
+being now under the final perusal of the author.
+
+"Lord Jeffrey, who thinks highly of the author's abilities, ventures to
+beg Mr. Murray to look at the MS. now left with him, and to give him, as
+soon as possible, his opinion as to its probable success on publication;
+and also to say whether he is willing to undertake it, and on what
+terms."
+
+Carlyle, who was himself at the time in London, called upon Mr. Murray,
+and left with him a portion of the manuscript, and an outline of the
+proposed volume.
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+6 WOBURN BUILDINGS, TAVISTOCK SQUARE,
+
+_Wednesday, August_ 10, 1831.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I here send you the MS. concerning which I have, for the present, only
+to repeat my urgent request that no time may be lost in deciding on it.
+At latest, next Wednesday I shall wait upon you, to see what further, or
+whether anything further is to be done.
+
+In the meanwhile, it is perhaps unnecessary to say, that the whole
+business is strictly confidential; the rather, as I wish to publish
+anonymously.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+Be so kind as to write, by the bearer, these two words, "MS. received."
+
+When Carlyle called a second time Murray was not at home, but he found
+that the parcel containing the MS. had not been opened. He again wrote
+to the publisher on the following Friday:
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+As I am naturally very anxious to have this little business that lies
+between us off my hands--and, perhaps, a few minutes' conversation would
+suffice to settle it all--I will again request, in case I should be so
+unlucky as to miss you in Albemarle Street, that you would have the
+goodness to appoint me a short meeting at any, the earliest, hour that
+suits your convenience.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+This was followed up by a letter from Mr. Jeffrey:
+
+_Mr. Jeffrey to John Murray_.
+
+_Sunday, August_ 28, 1831.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+Will you favour me with a few minutes' conversation, any morning of this
+week (the early part of it, if possible), on the subject of my friend
+Carlyle's projected publication. I have looked a little into the MS. and
+can tell you something about it. Believe me, always, very faithfully
+yours,
+
+F. JEFFREY.
+
+The interview between Jeffrey and Murray led to an offer for the MS.
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+TUESDAY.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I have seen the Lord Advocate [Jeffrey], who informs me that you are
+willing to print an edition of 750 copies of my MS., at your own cost,
+on the principle of what is called "half profits"; the copyright of the
+book after that to belong to myself. I came down at present to say
+that, being very anxious to have you as a publisher, and to see my book
+put forth soon, I am ready to accede to these terms; and I should like
+much to meet you, or hear from you, at your earliest convenience, that
+the business might be actually put in motion. I much incline to think,
+in contrasting the character of my little speculation with the character
+of the times, that _now_ (even in these months, say in November) were
+the best season for emitting it. Hoping soon to see all this pleasantly
+settled,
+
+I remain, dear Sir, yours truly,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+Mr. Murray was willing to undertake the risk of publishing 750 copies,
+and thus to allow the author to exhibit his literary wares to the
+public. Even if the whole edition had sold, the pecuniary results to
+both author and publisher would have been comparatively trifling, but as
+the copyright was to remain in the author's possession, and he would
+have been able to make a much better bargain with the future editions,
+the terms may be considered very liberal, having regard to the
+exceptional nature of the work. Mr. Carlyle, however, who did not know
+the usual custom of publishers, had in the meantime taken away his MS.
+and offered it to other publishers in London, evidently to try whether
+he could not get a better bid for his book. Even Jeffrey thought it "was
+too much of the nature of a rhapsody, to command success or respectful
+attention." The publishers thought the same. Carlyle took the MS. to
+Fraser of Regent Street, who offered to publish it if Carlyle would
+_give him_ a sum not exceeding L150 sterling. He had already been to
+Longmans & Co., offering them his "German Literary History," but they
+declined to publish the work, and he now offered them his "Sartor
+Resartus," with a similar result. He also tried Colburn and Bentley, but
+without success. When Murray, then at Ramsgate, heard that Carlyle had
+been offering his book to other publishers, he wrote to him:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Carlyle_.
+
+_September_ 17, 1831.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your conversation with me respecting the publication of your MS. led me
+to infer that you had given me the preference, and certainly not that
+you had already submitted it to the greatest publishers in London, who
+had declined to engage in it. Under these circumstances it will be
+necessary for me also to get it read by some literary friend, before I
+can, in justice to myself, engage in the printing of it.
+
+I am, dear Sir, your faithful servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+To this Mr. Carlyle replied:
+
+_September_ 19, 1831
+
+SIR,
+
+I am this moment favoured with your note of the 17th, and beg to say, in
+reply,:
+
+_First_.--That your idea, derived from conversation with me, of my
+giving you the preference to all other Publishers, was perfectly
+correct. I had heard you described as a man of honour, frankness, and
+even generosity, and knew you to have the best and widest connexions; on
+which grounds, I might well say, and can still well say, that a
+transaction with you would please me better than a similar one with any
+other member of the Trade.
+
+_Secondly_.--That your information, of my having submitted my MS. to the
+greatest publishers in London, if you mean that, after coming out of
+your hands, it lay two days in those of Messrs. Longman & Rees, and was
+from them delivered over to the Lord Advocate, is also perfectly
+correct: if you mean anything else, incorrect.
+
+_Thirdly_.--That if you wish the Bargain, which I had understood myself
+to have made with you, unmade, you have only to cause your Printer, who
+is now working on my MS., to return the same, without damage or delay,
+and consider the business as finished. I remain, Sir, your obedient
+servant,
+
+THOMAS CARLYLE.
+
+In the meantime Murray submitted the MS. to one of his literary
+advisers, probably Lockhart, whose report was not very encouraging.
+Later, as Mr. Carlyle was unwilling to entertain the idea of taking his
+manuscript home with him, and none of the other publishers would accept
+it, he urgently requested Mr. Murray again to examine it, and come to
+some further decision. "While I, with great readiness," he said, "admit
+your views, and shall cheerfully release you from all engagement, or
+shadow of engagement, with me in regard to it: the rather, as it seems
+reasonable for me to expect some higher remuneration for a work that has
+cost me so much effort, were it once fairly examined, such remuneration
+as was talked of between _us_ can, I believe, at all times, be
+procured." He then proposed "a quite new negotiation, if you incline to
+enter on such"; and requested his decision. "If not, pray have the
+goodness to cause my papers to be returned with the least possible
+delay." The MS. was at once returned; and Carlyle acknowledged its
+receipt:
+
+_Mr. Carlyle to John Murray_.
+
+_October_ 6, 1831.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have received the MS., with your note and your friend's criticism, and
+I find it all safe and right. In conclusion, allow me to thank you for
+your punctuality and courtesy in this part of the business; and to join
+cordially in the hope you express that, in some fitter case, a closer
+relation may arise between us. I remain, my dear Sir, faithfully yours,
+
+T. CARLYLE.
+
+Mr. Carlyle returned to Craigenputtock with his manuscript in his
+pocket; very much annoyed and disgusted by the treatment of the London
+publishers. Shortly after his arrival at home, he wrote to Mr. Macvey
+Napier, then editor of the _Edinburgh Review_:
+
+"All manner of perplexities have occurred in the publishing of my poor
+book, which perplexities I could only cut asunder, not unloose; so the
+MS., like an unhappy ghost, still lingers on the wrong side of Styx: the
+Charon of Albemarle Street durst not risk it in his _sutilis cymba_, so
+it leaped ashore again. Better days are coming, and new trials will end
+more happily."
+
+A little later (February 6, 1832) he said:
+
+"I have given up the notion of hawking my little manuscript book about
+any further. For a long time it has lain quiet in its drawer, waiting
+for a better day. The bookselling trade seems on the edge of
+dissolution; the force of puffing can go no further; yet bankruptcy
+clamours at every door: sad fate! to serve the Devil, and get no wages
+even from him! The poor bookseller Guild, I often predict to myself,
+will ere long be found unfit for the strange part it now plays in our
+European World; and give place to new and higher arrangements, of which
+the coming shadows are already becoming visible."
+
+The "Sartor Resartus" was not, however, lost. Two years after Carlyle's
+visit to London, it came out, bit by bit, in _Fraser's Magazine_.
+Through the influence of Emerson, it was issued, as a book, at Boston,
+in the United States, and Carlyle got some money for his production. It
+was eventually published in England, and, strange to say, has had the
+largest sale in the "People's Edition of Carlyle's Works." Carlyle,
+himself, created the taste to appreciate "Sartor Resartus."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+MR. GLADSTONE AND OTHERS
+
+
+In July 1838 Mr. W.E. Gladstone, then Tory member of Parliament for
+Newark-upon-Trent, wrote to Mr. Murray from 6 Carlton Gardens, informing
+him that he has written and thinks of publishing some papers on the
+subject of the relationship of the "Church and the State," which would
+probably fill a moderate octavo volume, and that he would be glad to
+know if Mr. Murray would be inclined to see them. Mr. Murray saw the
+papers, and on August 9 he agreed with Mr. Gladstone to publish 750 or
+1,000 copies of the work on "Church and State," on half profits, the
+copyright to remain with the author after the first edition was sold.
+The work was immediately sent to press, and proofs were sent to Mr.
+Gladstone, about to embark for Holland. A note was received by Mr.
+Murray from the author (August 17, 1838):
+
+"I write a line from Rotterdam to say that sea-sickness prevented my
+correcting the proofs on the passage."
+
+This was Mr. Gladstone's first appearance in the character of an author,
+and the work proved remarkably successful, four editions being called
+for in the course of three years. It was reviewed by Macaulay in the
+_Edinburgh_ for April 1839, and in the _Quarterly_ by the Rev. W. Sewell
+in December. "Church Principles," published in 1840, did not meet with
+equal success. Two years later we find a reference to the same subject.
+
+_Mr. W.E. Gladstone to John Murray_.
+
+13 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, _April_ 6, 1842.
+
+My DEAR SIR,
+
+I thank you very much for your kindness in sending me the new number of
+the _Quarterly_. As yet I have only read a part of the article on the
+Church of England, which seems to be by a known hand, and to be full of
+very valuable research: I hope next to turn to Lord Mahon's "Joan of
+Arc."
+
+Amidst the pressure of more urgent affairs, I have held no consultation
+with you regarding my books and the sale or no sale of them. As to the
+third edition of the "State in its Relations," I should think the
+remaining copies had better be got rid of in whatever summary or
+ignominious mode you may deem best. They must be dead beyond recall. As
+to the others, I do not know whether the season of the year has at all
+revived the demand; and would suggest to you whether it would be well to
+advertise them a little. I do not think they find their way much into
+the second-hand shops.
+
+With regard to the fourth edition, I do not know whether it would be
+well to procure any review or notice of it, and I am not a fair judge of
+its merits even in comparison with the original form of the work; but my
+idea is, that it is less defective both in the theoretical and in the
+historical development, and ought to be worth the notice of those who
+deemed the earlier editions worth their notice and purchase: that it
+would really put a reader in possession of the view it was intended to
+convey, which I fear is more than can with any truth be said of its
+predecessors.
+
+I am not, however, in any state of anxiety or impatience: and I am
+chiefly moved to refer these suggestions to your judgment from
+perceiving that the Fourth Edition is as yet far from having cleared
+itself.
+
+I remain always,
+
+Very faithfully yours,
+
+W.E. GLADSTONE.
+
+In the same year another author of different politics and strong
+anti-slavery views appeared to claim Mr. Murray's assistance as a
+publisher. It was Mr. Thomas Fowell Buxton, M.P., who desired him to
+publish his work upon the "Slave Trade and its Remedy."
+
+_Mr. Buxton to John Murray_.
+
+_December_ 31, 1837.
+
+"The basis of my proposed book has already been brought before the
+Cabinet Ministers in a confidential letter addressed to Lord
+Melbourne.... It is now my purpose to publish a portion of the work, on
+the nature, extent, and horrors of the slave trade, and the failure of
+the efforts hitherto made to suppress it, [Footnote: See "Life of W.E.
+Forster," ch. iv.] reserving the remainder for another volume to be
+published at a future day. I should like to have 1,500 copies of the
+first volume thrown off without delay."
+
+The book was published, and was followed by a cheaper volume in the
+following year, of which a large number was sold and distributed.
+
+The following letter illustrates the dangerous results of reading sleepy
+books by candle-light in bed:
+
+_Mr. Longman to John Murray_.
+
+2 HANOVER TERRACE, 1838.
+
+MY DEAR MURRAY,
+
+Can you oblige me by letting me have a third volume of "Wilberforce"?
+The fact is, that in reading that work, my neighbour, Mr. Alexander,
+fell fast asleep from exhaustion, and, setting himself on fire, burnt
+the volume and his bed, to the narrow escape of the whole Terrace. Since
+that book has been published, premiums of fire assurance are up, and not
+having already insured my No. 2, now that the fire has broken out near
+my own door, no office will touch my house nor any others in the Terrace
+until it is ascertained that Mr. Alexander has finished with the book.
+So pray consider our position, and let me have a third volume to make up
+the set as soon as possible.
+
+Mr. Murray had agreed with the Bishop of Llandaff to publish Lord
+Dudley's posthumous works, but the Bishop made certain complaints which
+led to the following letter from Mr. Murray:
+
+_John Murray to the Bishop of Llandaff_.
+
+_December_ 31, 1839.
+
+MY LORD,
+
+I am told that your Lordship continues to make heavy complaints of the
+inconvenience you incur by making me the publisher of "Lord Dudley's
+Letters," in consequence of the great distance between St. Paul's
+Churchyard and Albemarle Street, and that you have discovered another
+cause for dissatisfaction in what you consider the inordinate profits of
+a publisher.
+
+My Lord, when I had the honour to publish for Sir Walter Scott and Lord
+Byron, the one resided in Edinburgh, the other in Venice; and, with
+regard to the supposed advantages of a publisher, they were only such as
+custom has established, and experience proved to be no more than
+equivalent to his peculiar trouble and the inordinate risque which he
+incurs.
+
+My long acquaintance with Lord Dudley, and the kindness and friendship
+with which he honoured me to the last, made me, in addition to my
+admiration of his talents, desire, and, indeed, expect to become the
+publisher of his posthumous works, being convinced that he would have
+had no other. After what has passed on your Lordship's side, however, I
+feel that it would be inconsistent with my own character to embarrass
+you any longer, and I therefore release your Lordship at once from any
+promise or supposed understanding whatever regarding this publication,
+and remain, my Lord,
+
+Your Lordship's humble Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+The Bishop of Llandaff seems to have thought better of the matter, and
+in Mr. Murray's second letter to him (January 1, 1840) he states that,
+after his Lordship's satisfactory letter, he "renews his engagement as
+publisher of Lord Dudley's 'Letters' with increased pleasure." The
+volume was published in the following year, but was afterwards
+suppressed; it is now very scarce.
+
+Mrs. Jameson proposed to Mr. Murray to publish a "Guide to the
+Picture-Galleries of London." He was willing to comply with her request,
+provided she submitted her manuscript for perusal and approval. But as
+she did not comply with his request, Mr. Murray wrote to her as follows:
+
+_John Murray to Mrs. Jameson_.
+
+_July_ 14, 1840
+
+MY DEAR MADAM,
+
+It is with unfeigned regret that I perceive that you and I are not
+likely to understand each other. The change from a Publisher, to whose
+mode of conducting business you are accustomed, to another of whom you
+have heard merely good reports, operates something like second
+marriages, in which, whatever occurs that is different from that which
+was experienced in the first, is always considered wrong by the party
+who has married a second time. If, for a particular case, you have been
+induced to change your physician, you should not take offence, or feel
+even surprise, at a different mode of treatment.
+
+My rule is, never to engage in the publication of any work of which I
+have not been allowed to form a judgment of its merits and chances of
+success, by having the MSS. left with me a reasonable time, in order to
+form such opinion; and from this habit of many years' exercise, I
+confess to you that it will not, even upon the present occasion, suit me
+to deviate.
+
+I am well aware that you would not wish to publish anything derogatory
+to the high reputation which you have so deservedly acquired; but
+Shakespeare, Byron, and Scott have written works that do not sell; and,
+as you expect money for the work which you wish to allow me the honour
+of publishing, how am I to judge of its value if I am not previously
+allowed to read it?
+
+Mrs. Jameson at length submitted her work for Mr. Murray's inspection;
+and after some negotiation, her Guide-Book was purchased for L400.
+
+Mr. Murray, it may here be mentioned, had much communication with Sir
+Robert Peel during his parliamentary career. He published many of Peel's
+speeches and addresses--his Address to the Students of Glasgow
+University; his Speeches on the Irish Disturbances Bill, the Coercion
+Bill, the Repeal of the Union, and the Sugar Bills--all of which were
+most carefully revised before being issued. Sugar had become so cloying
+with Sir Robert, that he refused to read his speeches on the subject. "I
+am so sick of Sugar," he wrote to Murray, "and of the eight nights'
+debate, that I have not the courage to look at any report of my
+speech--at least at present." A later letter shows that the connection
+continued.
+
+_The Rt. Hon. Sir R. Peel to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ or _August_, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Your printer must be descended from him who omitted _not_ from the
+seventh Commandment, and finding a superfluous "not" in his possession,
+is anxious to find a place for it.
+
+I am sorry he has bestowed it upon me, and has made me assure my
+constituents that I do _not_ intend to support my political principles.
+Pray look at the 4th line of the second page of the enclosed.
+
+Faithfully yours,
+
+ROBERT PEEL.
+
+No account of Mr. Murray's career would be complete without some mention
+of the "Handbooks," with which his name has been for sixty years
+associated; for though this series was in reality the invention of his
+son, it was Mr. Murray who provided the means and encouragement for the
+execution of the scheme, and by his own experience was instrumental in
+ensuring its success.
+
+As early as 1817 Hobhouse had remarked on the inadequate character of
+most books of European travel. In later years Mrs. Starke made a
+beginning, but her works were very superficial and inadequate, and after
+personally testing them on their own ground, Mr. John Murray decided
+that something better was needed.
+
+Of the origin of the Guide-books Mr. John Murray the Third has given
+the following account in Murray's Magazine for November 1889.
+
+"Since so many thousands of persons have profited by these books, it may
+be of some interest to the public to learn their origin, and the cause
+which led me to prepare them. Having from my early youth been possessed
+by an ardent desire to travel, my very indulgent father acceded to my
+request, on condition that I should prepare myself by mastering the
+language of the country I was to travel in. Accordingly, in 1829, having
+brushed up my German, I first set foot on the Continent at Rotterdam,
+and my 'Handbook for Holland' gives the results of my personal
+observations and private studies of that wonderful country.
+
+"At that time such a thing as a Guide-book for Germany, France, or Spain
+did not exist. The only Guides deserving the name were: Ebel, for
+Switzerland; Boyce, for Belgium; and Mrs. Starke, for Italy. Hers was a
+work of real utility, because, amidst a singular medley of classical
+lore, borrowed from Lempriere's Dictionary, interwoven with details
+regulating the charges in washing-bills at Sorrento and Naples, and an
+elaborate theory on the origin of _Devonshire Cream_, in which she
+proves that it was brought by Phoenician colonists from Asia Minor into
+the West of England, it contained much practical information gathered on
+the spot. But I set forth for the North of Europe unprovided with any
+guide, excepting a few manuscript notes about towns and inns, etc., in
+Holland, furnished me by my good friend Dr. Somerville, husband of the
+learned Mrs. Somerville. These were of the greatest use. Sorry was I
+when, on landing at Hamburg, I found myself destitute of such friendly
+aid. It was this that impressed on my mind the value of practical
+information gathered on the spot, and I set to work to collect for
+myself all the facts, information, statistics, etc., which an English
+tourist would be likely to require or find useful.
+
+The first of Mr. John Murray's Handbooks to the Continent, published
+1836, included Holland, Belgium, and North Germany, and was followed at
+short intervals by South Germany, Switzerland--in which he was assisted
+by his intimate friend and fellow-traveller, William Brockedon, the
+artist, who was then engaged in preparing his own splendid work on "The
+Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers of the Alps"--and France. These were all
+written by Mr. Murray himself; but, as the series proceeded, it was
+necessary to call in the aid of other writers and travellers.
+Switzerland, which appeared in 1838, was followed in 1839 by Norway,
+Sweden, and Denmark, and in 1840 by the Handbook to the East, the work
+of Mr. H. Parish, aided by Mr. Godfrey Levinge. In 1842 Sir Francis
+Palgrave completed the Guide to Northern Italy, while Central and
+Southern Italy were entrusted to Mr. Octavian Blewitt, for many years
+Secretary of the Royal Literary Fund.
+
+In later years, as well as at the earlier period, the originator of the
+Handbooks was fortunate enough to secure very able colleagues, among
+whom it is sufficient to mention Richard Ford for Spain, Sir Gardner
+Wilkinson for Egypt, Dr. Porter for Palestine, Sir George Bowen for
+Greece, Sir Lambert Playfair for Algiers and the Mediterranean, and Mr.
+George Dennis for Sicily.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+GEORGE BORROW--RICHARD FORD--HORACE TWISS--JOHN STERLING--MR.
+GLADSTONE--DEATH OF SOUTHEY, ETC.
+
+
+In November 1840 a tall athletic gentleman in black called upon Mr.
+Murray offering a MS. for perusal and publication. George Borrow had
+been a travelling missionary of the Bible Society in Spain, though in
+early life he had prided himself on being an athlete, and had even taken
+lessons in pugilism from Thurtell, who was a fellow-townsman. He was a
+native of Dereham, Norfolk, but had wandered much in his youth, first
+following his father, who was a Captain of Militia. He went from south
+to north, from Kent to Edinburgh, where he was entered as pupil in the
+High School, and took part in the "bickers" so well described by Sir
+Walter Scott. Then the boy followed the regiment to Ireland, where he
+studied the Celtic dialect. From early youth he had a passion, and an
+extraordinary capacity, for learning languages, and on reaching manhood
+he was appointed agent to the Bible Society, and was sent to Russia to
+translate and introduce the Scriptures. While there he mastered the
+language, and learnt besides the Solavonian and the gypsy dialects. He
+translated the New Testament into the Tartar Mantchow, and published
+versions from English into thirty languages. He made successive visits
+into Russia, Norway, Turkey, Bohemia, Spain and Barbary. In fact, the
+sole of his foot never rested. While an agent for the Bible Society in
+Spain, he translated the New Testament into Spanish, Portuguese, Romany,
+and Basque--which language, it is said, the devil himself never could
+learn--and when he had learnt the Basque he acquired the name of
+Lavengro, or word-master.
+
+Such was George Borrow when he called upon Murray to offer him the MSS.
+of his first book, "The Gypsies in Spain." Mr. Murray could not fail to
+be taken at first sight with this extraordinary man. He had a splendid
+physique, standing six feet two in his stockings, and he had brains as
+well as muscles, as his works sufficiently show. The book now submitted
+was of a very uncommon character, and neither the author nor the
+publisher was very sanguine about its success. Mr. Murray agreed, after
+perusal, to print and publish 750 copies of "The Gypsies in Spain," and
+divide the profits with the author. But this was only the beginning, and
+Borrow reaped much better remuneration from future editions of the
+volume. Indeed, the book was exceedingly well received, and met with a
+considerable sale; but not so great as his next work, "The Bible in
+Spain," which he was now preparing.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_. _August_ 23, 1841.
+
+"A queer book will be this same 'Bible in Spain,' containing all my
+queer adventures in that queer country whilst engaged in distributing
+the Gospel, but neither learning, nor disquisition, fine writing, or
+poetry. A book with such a Bible and of this description can scarcely
+fail of success. It will make two nice foolscap octavo volumes of about
+500 pages each. I have not heard from Ford since I had last the pleasure
+of seeing you. Is his book out? I hope that he will not review the
+'Zincali' until the Bible is forthcoming, when he may, if he please,
+kill two birds with one stone. I hear from Saint Petersburg that there
+is a notice of the 'Zincali' in the _Revue Britannique_; it has been
+translated into Russian. Do you know anything about it?"
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_. OULTON HALL, LOWESTOFT, _January_
+1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+We are losing time. I have corrected seven hundred consecutive pages of
+MS., and the remaining two hundred will be ready in a fortnight. I do
+not think there will be a dull page in the whole book, as I have made
+one or two very important alterations; the account of my imprisonment at
+Madrid cannot fail, I think, of being particularly interesting....
+During the last week I have been chiefly engaged in horse-breaking. A
+most magnificent animal has found his way to this neighbourhood--a
+half-bred Arabian. He is at present in the hands of a low horse-dealer,
+and can be bought for eight pounds, but no one will have him. It is said
+that he kills everybody who mounts him. I have been _charming_ him, and
+have so far succeeded that he does not fling me more than once in five
+minutes. What a contemptible trade is the author's compared with that of
+the jockey's!
+
+Mr. Borrow prided himself on being a horse-sorcerer, an art he learned
+among the gypsies, with whose secrets he claimed acquaintance. He
+whispered some unknown gibberish into their ears, and professed thus to
+tame them.
+
+He proceeded with "The Bible in Spain." In the following month he sent
+to Mr. Murray the MS. of the first volume. To the general information as
+to the contents and interest of the volume, he added these words:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_February_, 1842.
+
+"I spent a day last week with our friend Dawson Turner at Yarmouth. What
+capital port he keeps! He gave me some twenty years old, and of nearly
+the finest flavour that I ever tasted. There are few better things than
+old books, old pictures, and old port, and he seems to have plenty of
+all three."
+
+_May_ 10, 1842.
+
+"I am coming up to London tomorrow, and intend to call at Albemarle
+Street.... I make no doubt that we shall be able to come to terms; I
+like not the idea of applying to second-rate people. I have been
+dreadfully unwell since I last heard from you--a regular nervous attack;
+at present I have a bad cough, caught by getting up at night in pursuit
+of poachers and thieves. A horrible neighbourhood this--not a magistrate
+that dares to do his duty.
+
+"P.S.--Ford's book not out yet?"
+
+There seems to have been some difficulty about coming to terms. Borrow
+had promised his friends that his book should be out by October 1, and
+he did not wish them to be disappointed:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_July_ 4, 1842.
+
+Why this delay? Mr. Woodfall [the printer] tells me that the state of
+trade is wretched. Well and good! But you yourself told me so two months
+ago, when you wrote requesting that I would give you the preference,
+provided I had not made arrangements with other publishers. Between
+ourselves, my dear friend, I wish the state of the trade were ten times
+worse than it is, and then things would find their true level, and an
+original work would be properly appreciated, and a set of people who
+have no pretensions to write, having nothing to communicate but
+tea-table twaddle, could no longer be palmed off upon the public as
+mighty lions and lionesses. But to the question: What are your
+intentions with respect to "The Bible in Spain"? I am a frank man, and
+frankness never offends me. Has anybody put you out of conceit with the
+book? There is no lack of critics, especially in your neighbourhood.
+Tell me frankly, and I will drink your health in Rommany. Or, would the
+appearance of "The Bible" on the first of October interfere with the
+Avatar, first or second, of some very Lion or Divinity, to whom George
+Borrow, who is neither, must, of course, give place? Be frank with me,
+my dear sir, and I will drink your health in Rommany and Madeira.
+
+In case of either of the above possibilities being the fact, allow me to
+assure you that I am quite willing to release you from your share of the
+agreement into which we entered. At the same time, I do not intend to
+let the work fall to the ground, as it has been promised to the public.
+Unless you go on with it, I shall remit Woodfall the necessary money for
+the purchase of paper, and when it is ready offer it to the world. If it
+be but allowed fair play, I have no doubt of its success. It is an
+original book, on an original subject. Tomorrow, July 5, I am
+thirty-nine. Have the kindness to drink my health in Madeira.
+
+Ever most sincerely yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW.
+
+Terms were eventually arranged to the satisfaction of both parties.
+Borrow informed Murray that he had sent the last proofs to the printer,
+and continued:
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_November_ 25, 1842.
+
+Only think, poor Allan Cunningham dead! A young man, only fifty-eight,
+strong and tall as a giant, might have lived to a hundred and one; but
+he bothered himself about the affairs of this world far too much. That
+statue shop [of Chantrey's] was his bane! Took to bookmaking
+likewise--in a word, was too fond of Mammon. Awful death--no
+preparation--came literally upon him like a thief in the dark. I'm
+thinking of writing a short life of him; old friend of twenty years'
+standing. I know a good deal about him; "Traditional Tales," his best
+work, first appeared in _London Magazine_, Pray send Dr. Bowring a copy
+of the Bible-another old friend. Send one to Ford, a capital fellow. God
+bless you--feel quite melancholy.
+
+Ever yours,
+
+G. BORROW.
+
+"The Bible in Spain" was published towards the end of the year, and
+created a sensation. It was praised by many critics, and condemned by
+others, for Borrow had his enemies in the press.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray, Junior_.
+
+LOWESTOFT, _December_ 1, 1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I received your kind letter containing the bills. It was very friendly
+of you, and I thank you, though, thank God, I have no Christmas bills to
+settle. Money, however, always acceptable. I dare say I shall be in
+London with the entrance of the New Year; I shall be most happy to see
+you, and still more your father, whose jokes do one good. I wish all the
+world were as gay as he; a gentleman drowned himself last week on my
+property, I wish he had gone somewhere else. I can't get poor Allan out
+of my head. When I come up, intend to go and see his wife. What a woman!
+I hope our book will be successful. If so, shall put another on the
+stocks. Capital subject; early life, studies, and adventures; some
+account of my father, William Taylor, Whiter, Big Ben, etc., etc. Had
+another letter from Ford; wonderful fellow; seems in high spirits.
+Yesterday read "Letters from the Baltic"; much pleased with it; very
+clever writer; critique in _Despatch_ harsh and unjust; quite uncalled
+for; blackguard affair altogether.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, ever yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW,
+
+_December_ 31, 1842.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I have great pleasure in acknowledging your very kind letter of the
+28th, and am happy to hear that matters are going on so prosperously. It
+is quite useless to write books unless they sell, and the public has of
+late become so fastidious that it is no easy matter to please it. With
+respect to the critique in the _Times_, I fully agree with you that it
+was harsh and unjust, and the passages selected by no means calculated
+to afford a fair idea of the contents of the work. A book, however, like
+"The Bible in Spain" can scarcely be published without exciting
+considerable hostility, and I have been so long used to receiving hard
+knocks that they make no impression upon me. After all, the abuse of the
+_Times_ is better than its silence; it would scarcely have attacked the
+work unless it had deemed it of some importance, and so the public will
+think. All I can say is, that I did my best, never writing but when the
+fit took me, and never delivering anything to my amanuensis but what I
+was perfectly satisfied with. You ask me my opinion of the review in the
+_Quarterly_. Very good, very clever, very neatly done. Only one fault to
+find--too laudatory. I am by no means the person which the reviewer had
+the kindness to represent me. I hope you are getting on well as to
+health; strange weather this, very unwholesome, I believe, both for man
+and beast: several people dead, and great mortality amongst the cattle.
+Am tolerably well myself, but get but little rest--disagreeable
+dreams--digestion not quite so good as I could wish; been on the water
+system--won't do; have left it off, and am now taking lessons in
+singing. I hope to be in London towards the end of next month, and
+reckon much upon the pleasure of seeing you. On Monday I shall mount my
+horse and ride into Norwich to pay a visit to a few old friends.
+Yesterday the son of our excellent Dawson Turner rode over to see me;
+they are all well, it seems. Our friend Joseph Gurney, however, seems to
+be in a strange way--diabetes, I hear. I frequently meditate upon "The
+Life," and am arranging the scenes in my mind. With best remembrances to
+Mrs. M. and all your excellent family,
+
+Truly and respectfully yours,
+
+GEORGE BORROW.
+
+Mr. Richard Ford's forthcoming work--"The Handbook for Spain"--about
+which Mr. Borrow had been making so many enquiries, was the result of
+many years' hard riding and constant investigation throughout Spain, one
+of the least known of all European countries at that time. Mr. Ford
+called upon Mr. Murray, after "The Bible in Spain" had been published,
+and a copy of the work was presented to him. He was about to start on
+his journey to Heavitree, near Exeter. A few days after his arrival Mr.
+Murray received the following letter from him:
+
+_Mr. Richard Ford to John Murray_.
+
+"I read Borrow with great delight all the way down per rail, and it
+shortened the rapid flight of that velocipede. You may depend upon it
+that the book will sell, which, after all, is the rub. It is the
+antipodes of Lord Carnarvon, and yet how they tally in what they have in
+common, and that is much--the people, the scenery of Galicia, and the
+suspicions and absurdities of Spanish Jacks-in-office, who yield not in
+ignorance or insolence to any kind of red-tapists, hatched in the
+hot-beds of jobbery and utilitarian mares-nests ... Borrow spares none
+of them. I see he hits right and left, and floors his man wherever he
+meets him. I am pleased with his honest sincerity of purpose and his
+graphic abrupt style. It is like an old Spanish ballad, leaping in _res
+medias_, going from incident to incident, bang, bang, bang, hops, steps,
+and jumps like a cracker, and leaving off like one, when you wish he
+would give you another touch or _coup de grace_ ... He really sometimes
+puts me in mind of Gil Blas; but he has not the sneer of the Frenchman,
+nor does he gild the bad. He has a touch of Bunyan, and, like that
+enthusiastic tinker, hammers away, _a la Gitano_, whenever he thinks he
+can thwack the Devil or his man-of-all-work on earth--the Pope. Therein
+he resembles my friend and everybody's friend--_Punch_--who, amidst all
+his adventures, never spares the black one. However, I am not going to
+review him now; for I know that Mr. Lockhart has expressed a wish that I
+should do it for the _Quarterly Review_. Now, a wish from my liege
+master is a command. I had half engaged myself elsewhere, thinking that
+he did not quite appreciate such a _trump_ as I know Borrow to be. He is
+as full of meat as an egg, and a fresh laid one--not one of your Inglis
+breed, long addled by over-bookmaking. Borrow will lay you golden eggs,
+and hatch them after the ways of Egypt; put salt on his tail and secure
+him in your coop, and beware how any poacher coaxes him with 'raisins'
+or reasons out of the Albemarle preserves. When you see Mr. Lockhart
+tell him that I will do the paper. I owe my entire allowance to the _Q.
+R_. flag ... Perhaps my understanding the _full force_ of this 'gratia'
+makes me over partial to this wild Missionary; but I have ridden over
+the same tracks without the tracts, seen the same people, and know that
+_he_ is true, and I believe that he believes all that he writes to be
+true."
+
+Mr. Lockhart himself, however, wrote the review for the _Quarterly_ (No.
+141, December 1842). It was a temptation that he could not resist, and
+his article was most interesting. "The Gypsies in Spain" and "The Bible
+in Spain" went through many editions, and there is still a large demand
+for both works. Before we leave George Borrow we will give a few
+extracts from his letters, which, like his books, were short, abrupt,
+and graphic. He was asked to become a member of the Royal Institution.
+
+_Mr. George Borrow to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 26, 1843.
+
+"I should like to become a member. The thing would just suit me, more
+especially as they do not want _clever_ men, but _safe_ men. Now, I am
+safe enough; ask the Bible Society, whose secrets I have kept so much to
+their satisfaction, that they have just accepted at my hands an English
+Gypsy Gospel gratis. What would the Institution expect me to write? I
+have exhausted Spain and the Gypsies, though an essay on Welsh language
+and literature might suit, with an account of the Celtic tongue. Or,
+won't something about the ancient North and its literature be more
+acceptable? I have just received an invitation to join the Ethnological
+Society (who are they?), which I have declined. I am at present in great
+demand; a bishop has just requested me to visit him. The worst of these
+bishops is that they are skin-flints, saving for their families. Their
+cuisine is bad, and their port wine execrable, and as for their
+cigars!--I say, do you remember those precious ones of the Sanctuary? A
+few days ago one of them turned up again. I found it in my great-coat
+pocket, and thought of you. I have seen the article in the _Edinburgh_
+about the Bible--exceedingly brilliant and clever, but rather too
+epigrammatic, quotations scanty and not correct. Ford is certainly a
+most astonishing fellow; he quite flabbergasts me--handbooks, review's,
+and I hear that he has just been writing a 'Life of Velasquez' for the
+'Penny Cyclopaedia'!"
+
+
+OULTON HALL, LOWESTOFT, _March_ 13, 1843.
+
+"So the second edition is disposed of. Well and good. Now, my dear
+friend, have the kindness to send me an account of the profits of it and
+let us come to a settlement. Up to the present time do assure you I have
+not made a penny by writing, what with journeys to London and tarrying
+there. Basta! I hate to talk of money matters.
+
+"Let them call me a nonentity if they will; I believe that some of those
+who say I am a phantom would alter their tone provided they were to ask
+me to a good dinner; bottles emptied and fowls devoured are not exactly
+the feats of a phantom: no! I partake more of the nature of a Brownie or
+Robin Goodfellow--goblins, 'tis true, but full of merriment and fun, and
+fond of good eating and drinking. Occasionally I write a page or two of
+my life. I am now getting my father into the Earl of Albemarle's
+regiment, in which he was captain for many years. If I live, and my
+spirits keep up tolerably well, I hope that within a year I shall be
+able to go to press with something which shall beat the 'Bible in
+Spain.'"
+
+And a few days later:
+
+"I have received your account for the two editions. I am perfectly
+satisfied. We will now, whenever you please, bring out a third edition.
+
+"The book which I am at present about will consist, if I live to finish
+it, of a series of Rembrandt pictures, interspersed here and there with
+a Claude. I shall tell the world of my parentage, my early thoughts and
+habits, how I become a _sap-engro,_ or viper-catcher: my wanderings with
+the regiment in England, Scotland, and Ireland, in which last place my
+jockey habits first commenced: then a great deal about Norwich, Billy
+Taylor, Thurtell, etc.: how I took to study and became a _lav-engro._
+What do you think of this for a bill of fare? I am now in a blacksmith's
+shop in the south of Ireland taking lessons from the Vulcan in horse
+charming and horse-shoe making. By the bye, I wish I were acquainted
+with Sir Robert Peel. I could give him many a useful hint with respect
+to Ireland and the Irish. I know both tolerably well. Whenever there's a
+row, I intend to go over with Sidi Habesmith and put myself at the head
+of a body of volunteers."
+
+During the negotiations for the publication of Mr. Horace Twiss's "Life
+of the Earl of Eldon," Mr. Murray wrote to Mr. Twiss:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Twiss_.
+
+_May_ 11, 1842.
+
+"I am very sorry to say that the publishing of books at this time
+involves nothing but loss, and that I have found it absolutely
+necessary to withdraw from the printers every work that I had in the
+press, and to return to the authors any MS. for which they required
+immediate publication."
+
+Mr. Murray nevertheless agreed to publish the "Life of Eldon" on
+commission, and it proved very successful, going through several
+editions.
+
+Another work offered to Mr. Murray in 1841 was "The Moor and the Loch,"
+by John Colquhoun, of Luss. He had published the first edition at
+Edinburgh through Mr. Blackwood; and, having had some differences with
+that publisher, he now proposed to issue the second edition in London.
+He wrote to Mr. Murray desiring him to undertake the work, and received
+the following reply:
+
+_John Murray to Mr. Colquhoun_.
+
+_March_ 16, 1841.
+
+SIR,
+
+I should certainly have had much pleasure in being the original
+publisher of your very interesting work "The Moor and the Loch," but I
+have a very great dislike to the _appearance even_ of interfering with
+any other publisher. Having glass windows, I must not throw stones. With
+Blackwood, indeed, I have long had particular relations, and they for
+several years acted as my agents in Edinburgh; so pray have the kindness
+to confide to me the cause of your misunderstanding with that house, and
+let me have the satisfaction of at least trying in the first place to
+settle the matter amicably. In any case, however, you may rely upon all
+my means to promote the success of your work, the offer of which has
+made me, dear Sir,
+
+Your obliged and faithful Servant,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+_Mr. Colquhoun to John Murray_.
+
+_March_ 20, 1841.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I am much obliged by your note which I received yesterday. I shall
+endeavour to see you directly, and when I explain the cause of my
+dissatisfaction with Messrs. Blackwood, I am sure you will at once see
+that it would be impossible for us to go on comfortably together with my
+second edition; and even if any adjustment was brought about, I feel
+convinced that the book would suffer. I do not mean to imply anything
+against the Messrs. Blackwood as men of business, and should be sorry to
+be thus understood; but this case has been a peculiar one, and requires
+too long an explanation for a letter. In the meantime I have written to
+you under the strictest confidence, as the Messrs. B. are not aware of
+my intention of bringing out a second edition at the present time, or of
+my leaving them. My reasons, however, are such that my determination
+cannot be altered; and I hope, after a full explanation with you, that
+we shall at once agree to publish the book with the least possible
+delay. I shall be most happy to return your note, which you may
+afterwards show to Messrs. B., and I may add that had you altogether
+refused to publish my book, it could in no way have affected my decision
+of leaving them.
+
+I remain, dear Sir, faithfully yours,
+
+JOHN COLQUHOUN.
+
+Mr. Colquhoun came up expressly to London, and after an interview with
+Mr. Murray, who again expressed his willingness to mediate with the
+Edinburgh publishers, Mr. Colquhoun repeated his final decision, and Mr.
+Murray at length agreed to publish the second edition of "The Moor and
+the Loch." It may be added that in the end Mr. Colquhoun did, as urged
+by Murray, return to the Blackwoods, who still continue to publish his
+work.
+
+Allan Cunningham ended his literary life by preparing the "Memoirs" of
+his friend Sir David Wilkie. Shortly before he undertook the work he had
+been prostrated by a stroke of paralysis, but on his partial recovery he
+proceeded with the memoirs, and the enfeebling effects of his attack may
+be traced in portions of the work. Towards the close of his life Wilkie
+had made a journey to the East, had painted the Sultan at
+Constantinople, and afterwards made his way to Smyrna, Rhodes, Beyrout,
+Jaffa, and Jerusalem. He returned through Egypt, and at Alexandria he
+embarked on board the _Oriental_ steamship for England. While at
+Alexandria, he had complained of illness, which increased, partly in
+consequence of his intense sickness at sea, and he died off Gibraltar on
+June 1, 1841, when his body was committed to the deep. Turner's splendid
+picture of the scene was one of Wilkie's best memorials. A review of
+Allan Cunningham's work, by Mr. Lockhart, appeared in the _Quarterly_,
+No. 144. Previous to its appearance he wrote to Mr. Murray as follows:
+
+_Mr. Lockhart to John Murray_.
+
+_February_ 25, 1843.
+
+DEAR MURRAY,
+
+I don't know if you have read much of "The Life of Wilkie." All
+Cunningham's part seems to be wretched, but in the "Italian and Spanish
+Journals and Letters" Wilkie shines out in a comparatively new
+character. He is a very eloquent and, I fancy, a deep and instructive
+critic on painting; at all events, Vol. ii. is full of very high
+interest.... Is there anywhere a good criticism on the alteration that
+Wilkie's style exhibited after his Italian and Spanish tours? The
+general impression always was, and I suppose will always be, that the
+change was for the worse. But it will be a nice piece of work to account
+for an unfortunate change being the result of travel and observation,
+which we now own to have produced such a stock of admirable theoretical
+disquisition on the principles of the Art. I can see little to admire or
+like in the man Wilkie. Some good homely Scotch kindness for kith and
+kin, and for some old friends too perhaps; but generally the character
+seems not to rise above the dull prudentialities of a decent man in awe
+of the world and the great, and awfully careful about No. 1. No genuine
+enjoyment, save in study of Art, and getting money through that study.
+He is a fellow that you can't suppose ever to have been drunk or in
+love--too much a Presbyterian Elder for either you or me.
+
+Mr. Murray received a communication (December 16, 1841), from Mr. John
+Sterling, Carlyle's friend, with whom he had had transactions on his own
+account. "Not," he said, "respecting his own literary affairs, but those
+of a friend." The friend was Mr. John Stuart Mill, son of the historian
+of British India. He had completed his work on Logic, of which Mr.
+Sterling had the highest opinion. He said it had been the "labour of
+many years of a singularly subtle, patient, and comprehensive mind. It
+will be our chief speculative monument of this age." Mr. Mill himself
+addressed Mr. Murray, first on December 20, 1841, while he was preparing
+the work for the press, and again in January and February, 1842, when he
+had forwarded the MS. to the publisher, and requested his decision. We
+find, however, that Mr. Murray was very ill at the time; that he could
+not give the necessary attention to the subject; and that the MS. was
+eventually returned.
+
+When Copyright became the subject of legislation in 1843, Mr. Murray
+received a letter from Mr. Gladstone.
+
+_Mr. Gladstone to John Murray_.
+
+WHITEHALL, _February_ 6, 1843.
+
+MY DEAR SIR,
+
+I beg leave to thank you for the information contained in and
+accompanying your note which reached me on Saturday. The view with which
+the clauses relating to copyright in the Customs Act were framed was
+that those interested in the exclusion of pirated works would take care
+to supply the Board of Customs from time to time with lists of all works
+under copyright which were at all likely to be reprinted abroad, and
+that this would render the law upon the whole much more operative and
+more fair than an enormous catalogue of all the works entitled to the
+privilege, of which it would be found very difficult for the officers at
+the ports to manage the use.
+
+Directions in conformity with the Acts of last Session will be sent to
+the Colonies.
+
+But I cannot omit to state that I learn from your note with great
+satisfaction, that steps are to be taken here to back the recent
+proceedings of the Legislature. I must not hesitate to express my
+conviction that what Parliament has done will be fruitless, unless the
+_law_ be seconded by the adoption of such modes of publication, as will
+allow the public here and in the colonies to obtain possession of new
+and popular English works at moderate prices. If it be practicable for
+authors and publishers to make such arrangements, I should hope to see a
+great extension of our book trade, as well as much advantage to
+literature, from the measures that have now been taken and from those
+which I trust we shall be enabled to take in completion of them; but
+unless the proceedings of the trade itself adapt and adjust themselves
+to the altered circumstances, I can feel no doubt that we shall relapse
+into or towards the old state of things; the law will be first evaded
+and then relaxed.
+
+I am, my dear Sir,
+
+Faithfully yours,
+
+W.E. GLADSTONE.
+
+Here it is fitting that a few paragraphs should be devoted to the
+closing years of Robert Southey, who for so many years had been the
+friend and coadjutor of the publisher of the _Quarterly_.
+
+Between 1808 and 1838, Southey had written ninety-four articles for the
+_Quarterly_; the last was upon his friend Thomas Telford, the engineer,
+who left him a legacy. He had been returned Member of Parliament for
+Downton (before the Reform Bill passed), but refused the honour--a
+curious episode not often remembered in the career of this distinguished
+man of letters. When about fifty-five years old, his only certain source
+of income was from his pension, from which he received L145, and from
+his laureateship, which was L90. But the larger portion of these sums
+went in payment for his life insurance, so that not more than L100 could
+be calculated on as available. His works were not always profitable. In
+one year he only received L26 for twenty-one of his books, published by
+Longman.
+
+Murray gave him L1,000 for the copyright of the "Peninsular War"; but
+his "Book of the Church" and his "Vindiciae" produced nothing.
+
+Southey's chief means of support was the payments (generally L100 for
+each article) which he received for his contributions to the
+_Quarterly_; but while recognizing this, as he could not fail to do, as
+well as Murray's general kindness towards him, he occasionally allowed a
+vein of discontent to show itself even in his acknowledgment of favours
+received.
+
+In 1835 Southey received a pension of L300 from the Government of Sir
+Robert Peel. He was offered a Baronetcy at the same time, but he
+declined it, as his circumstances did not permit him to accept the
+honour.
+
+_Mr. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+_June_ 17, 1835.
+
+"What Sir Robert Peel has done for me will enable me, when my present
+engagements are completed, to employ the remainder of my life upon those
+works for which inclination, peculiar circumstances, and long
+preparation, have best qualified me. They are "The History of Portugal,"
+"The History of the Monastic Orders," and "The History of English
+Literature," from the time when Wharton breaks off. The possibility of
+accomplishing three such works at my age could not be dreamt of, if I
+had not made very considerable progress with one, and no little, though
+not in such regular order, with the others."
+
+Shortly after his second marriage, Southey's intellect began to fail
+him, and he soon sank into a state of mental imbecility. He would wander
+about his library, take down a book, look into it, and then put it back
+again, but was incapable of work. When Mr. Murray sent him the octavo
+edition of the "Peninsular War," his wife answered:
+
+_Mrs. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+GRETA HALL, _May_ 15, 1840.
+
+If the word _pleasure_ were not become to me as a _dead letter, I_
+should tell you with how much I took possession of your kind gift. But I
+_may_ tell you truly that it gratified, and more than gratified me, by
+giving pleasure to my dear husband, as a token of your regard for him,
+so testified towards myself. The time is not far passed when we should
+have rejoiced together like children over such an acquisition.
+
+Yours very truly and thankfully,
+
+CAR. SOUTHEY.
+
+_May_ 23, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+Very cordially I return your friendly salutations, feeling, as I do,
+that every manifestation of kindness for my husband's sake is more
+precious to me than any I could receive for my own exclusively.
+Two-and-twenty years ago, when he wished to put into your hands, as
+publisher, a first attempt of mine, of which he thought better than it
+deserved, he little thought in that so doing he was endeavouring to
+forward the interests of his future wife; of her for whom it was
+appointed (a sad but honoured lot) to be the companion of his later
+days, over which it has pleased God to cast the "shadow before" of that
+"night in which no man can work." But twelve short months ago he was
+cheerfully anticipating (in the bright buoyancy of his happy nature) a
+far other companionship for the short remainder of our earthly sojourn;
+never forgetting, however, that ours must be short at the longest, and
+that "in the midst of life we are in death." He desires me to thank you
+for your kind expressions towards him, and to be most kindly remembered
+to you. Your intimation of the favourable progress of his 8vo "Book of
+the Church" gave him pleasure, and he thanks you for so promptly
+attending to his wishes about a neatly bound set of his "Peninsular
+War." Accept my assurances of regard, and believe me to be, dear Sir,
+
+Yours very truly,
+
+CAROLINE SOUTHEY.
+
+On September 17, 1840, Mr. Murray sent to Mr. Southey a draft for L259,
+being the balance for his "Book of the Church," and informed him that he
+would be pleased to know that another edition was called for. Mrs.
+Southey replied:
+
+_Mrs. Southey to John Murray_.
+
+"He made no remark on your request to be favoured with any suggestions
+he might have to offer. _My_ sad persuasion is that Robert Southey's
+works have received their last revision and correction from his mind and
+pen."
+
+GRETA HALL, _October 5_, 1840.
+
+DEAR SIR,
+
+I will not let another post go out, without conveying to you my thanks
+for your very kind letter last night received. It will gratify you to
+know that its contents (the copy of the critique included), aroused and
+fixed Mr. Southey's attention more than anything that has occurred for
+months past--gratifying him, I believe, far more than anything more
+immediately concerning himself could have done. "Tell Murray," he said,
+"I am very much obliged to him." It is long since he has sent a message
+to friend or relation.
+
+Now let me say for myself that I am very thankful to _you_--very
+thankful to my indulgent reviewer--and that if I could yet feel interest
+about anything of my own writing, I should be pleased and encouraged by
+his encomium--as well as grateful for it. But if it did _not sound
+thanklessly_, I should say, "too late--too late--it comes too late!"
+and that bitter feeling came upon me so suddenly, as my eyes fell upon
+the passage in question, that they overflowed with tears before it was
+finished.
+
+But he _did take interest in_ it, at least for a few moments, and so it
+was not _quite_ too late; and (doing as I _know he would have me)_, I
+shall act upon your most _kind_ and _friendly_ advice, and transmit it
+to Blackwood, who will, I doubt not, be willingly guided by it.
+
+It was one of my husband's pleasant visions before our marriage, and his
+favourite prospect, to publish a volume of poetry conjointly with me,
+not weighing the disproportion of talent.
+
+I must tell you that immediately on receiving the _Review_, I should
+have written to express my sense of your kindness, and of the flattering
+nature of the critique; but happening to _tell_ Miss Southey and her
+brother that you had sent it me, as I believed, as an obliging personal
+attention, they assured me I was mistaken, and that the numbers were
+only intended for "their set." Fearing, therefore, to arrogate to myself
+more than was designed for me, I kept silence; and now expose _my
+simplicity_ rather than _leave_ myself _open_ to the imputation of
+unthankfulness. Mr. Southey desires to be very kindly remembered to you,
+and I am, my dear Sir,
+
+Very thankfully and truly yours, Car. Southey.
+
+P.S.--I had almost forgotten to thank you for so kindly offering to send
+the _Review_ to any friends of mine, I may wish to gratify. I _will_
+accept the proffered favour, and ask you to send one addressed to Miss
+Burnard, Shirley, Southampton, Hants. The other members of my family and
+most of my friends take the _Q.R._, or are sure of seeing it. This last
+number is an excellent one.
+
+Southey died on March 21, 1843. The old circle of friends was being
+sadly diminished. "Disease and death," his old friend Thomas Mitchell,
+one of the survivors of the early contributors to the _Quarterly_, wrote
+to Murray, "seem to be making no small havoc among our literary
+men--Maginn, Cunningham, Basil Hall, and poor Southey, worst of all.
+Lockhart's letters of late have made me very uneasy, too, about him. Has
+he yet returned from Scotland, and is he at all improved?" Only a few
+months later Mr. Murray himself was to be called away from the scene of
+his life's activity. In the autumn of 1842 his health had already begun
+to fail rapidly, and he had found it necessary to live much out of
+London, and to try various watering-places; but although he rallied at
+times sufficiently to return to his business for short periods, he never
+recovered, and passed away in sleep on June 27, 1843, at the age of
+sixty-five.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+JOHN MURRAY AS A PUBLISHER
+
+
+In considering the career of John Murray, the reader can hardly fail to
+be struck with the remarkable manner in which his personal qualities
+appeared to correspond with the circumstances out of which he built his
+fortunes.
+
+When he entered his profession, the standard of conduct in every
+department of life connected with the publishing trade was determined by
+aristocratic ideas. The unwritten laws which regulated the practice of
+bookselling in the eighteenth century were derived from the Stationers'
+Company. Founded as it had been on the joint principles of commercial
+monopoly and State control, this famous organization had long lost its
+old vitality. But it had bequeathed to the bookselling community a large
+portion of its original spirit, both in the practice of cooperative
+publication which produced the "Trade Books," so common in the last
+century, and in that deep-rooted belief in the perpetuity of copyright,
+which only received its death-blow from the celebrated judgment of the
+House of Lords in the case of Donaldson _v_. Becket in 1774. Narrow and
+exclusive as they may have been in their relation to the public
+interest, there can be no doubt that these traditions helped to
+constitute, in the dealings of the booksellers among themselves, a
+standard of honour which put a certain curb on the pursuit of private
+gain. It was this feeling which provoked such intense indignation in the
+trade against the publishers who took advantage of their strict legal
+rights to invade what was generally regarded as the property of their
+brethren; while the sense of what was due to the credit, as well as to
+the interest, of a great organized body, made the associated
+booksellers zealous in the promotion of all enterprises likely to add to
+the fame of English literature.
+
+Again, there was something, in the best sense of the word, aristocratic
+in the position of literature itself. Patronage, indeed, had declined.
+The patron of the early days of the century, who, like Halifax, sought
+in the Universities or in the London Coffee-houses for literary talent
+to strengthen the ranks of political party, had disappeared, together
+with the later and inferior order of patron, who, after the manner of
+Bubb Dodington, nattered his social pride by maintaining a retinue of
+poetical clients at his country seat. The nobility themselves, absorbed
+in politics or pleasure, cared far less for letters than their fathers
+in the reigns of Anne and the first two Georges. Hence, as Johnson said,
+the bookseller had become the Maecenas of the age; but not the
+bookseller of Grub Street. To be a man of letters was no longer a
+reproach. Johnson himself had been rewarded with a literary pension, and
+the names of almost all the distinguished scholars of the latter part of
+the eighteenth century--Warburton, the two Wartons, Lowth, Burke, Hume,
+Gibbon, Robertson--belong to men who either by birth or merit were in a
+position which rendered them independent of literature as a source of
+livelihood. The author influenced the public rather than the public the
+author, while the part of the bookseller was restricted to introducing
+and distributing to society the works which the scholar had designed.
+
+Naturally enough, from such conditions arose a highly aristocratic
+standard of taste. The centre of literary judgment passed from the
+half-democratic society of the Coffee-house to the dining-room of
+scholars like Cambridge or Beauclerk; and opinion, formed from the
+brilliant conversation at such gatherings as the Literary Club;
+afterwards circulated among the public either in the treatises of
+individual critics, or in the pages of the two leading Monthly Reviews.
+The society from which it proceeded, though not in the strict sense of
+the word fashionable, was eminently refined and widely representative;
+it included the politician, the clergyman, the artist, the connoisseur,
+and was permeated with the necessary leaven of feminine intuition,
+ranging from the observation of Miss Burney or the vivacity of Mrs.
+Thrale, to the stately morality of Mrs. Montagu and Mrs. Hannah More.
+
+On the other hand, the whole period of Murray's life as a publisher,
+extending, to speak broadly, from the first French Revolution to almost
+the eve of the French Revolution of 1848, was characterized in a marked
+degree by the advance of Democracy. In all directions there was an
+uprising of the spirit of individual liberty against the prescriptions
+of established authority. In Politics the tendency is apparent in the
+progress of the Reform movement. In Commerce it was marked by the
+inauguration of the Free Trade movement. In Literature it made itself
+felt in the great outburst of poetry at the beginning of the century,
+and in the assertion of the superiority of individual genius to the
+traditional laws of form.
+
+The effect produced by the working of the democratic spirit within the
+aristocratic constitution of society and taste may without exaggeration
+be described as prodigious. At first sight, indeed, there seems to be a
+certain abruptness in the transition from the highly organized society
+represented in Boswell's "Life of Johnson," to the philosophical
+retirement of Wordsworth and Coleridge. It is only when we look beneath
+the surface that we see the old traditions still upheld by a small class
+of Conservative writers, including Campbell, Rogers, and Crabbe, and, as
+far as style is concerned, by some of the romantic innovators, Byron,
+Scott, and Moore. But, generally speaking, the age succeeding the first
+French Revolution exhibits the triumph of individualism. Society itself
+is penetrated by new ideas; literature becomes fashionable; men of
+position are no longer ashamed to be known as authors, nor women of
+distinction afraid to welcome men of letters in their drawing-rooms. On
+all sides the excitement and curiosity of the times is reflected in the
+demand for poems, novels, essays, travels, and every kind of imaginative
+production, under the name of _belles lettres_.
+
+A certain romantic spirit of enterprise shows itself in Murray's
+character at the very outset of his career. Tied to a partner of a petty
+and timorous disposition, he seizes an early opportunity to rid himself
+of the incubus. With youthful ardour he begs of a veteran author to be
+allowed the privilege of publishing, as his first undertaking, a work
+which he himself genuinely admired. He refuses to be bound by mere
+trading calculations. "The business of a publishing bookseller," he
+writes to a correspondent, "is not in his shop, or even in his
+connections, but in his brains." In all his professional conduct a
+largeness of view is apparent. A new conception of the scope of his
+trade seems early to have risen in his mind, and he was perhaps the
+first member of the Stationers' craft to separate the business of
+bookselling from that of publishing. When Constable in Edinburgh sent
+him "a miscellaneous order of books from London," he replied: "Country
+orders are a branch of business which I have ever totally declined as
+incompatible with my more serious plans as a publisher."
+
+With ideas of this kind, it may readily be imagined that Murray was not
+what is usually called "a good man of business," a fact of which he was
+well aware, as the following incident, which occurred in his later
+years, amusingly indicates.
+
+The head of one of the larger firms with which he dealt came in person
+to Albemarle Street to receive payment of his account. This was duly
+handed to him in bills, which, by some carelessness, he lost on his way
+home, He thereupon wrote to Mr. Murray, requesting him to advertise in
+his own name for the lost property. Murray's reply was as follows:
+
+TWICKENHAM, _October_ 26, 1841.
+
+MY DEAR-----,
+
+I am exceedingly sorry for the vexatious, though, I hope, only temporary
+loss which you have met with; but I have so little character for being a
+man of business, that if the bills were advertised in _my_ name it would
+be publicly confirming the suspicion--but in your own name, it will be
+only considered as a very extraordinary circumstance, and I therefore
+give my impartial opinion in favour of the latter mode. Remaining, my
+dear-----,
+
+Most truly yours,
+
+JOHN MURRAY.
+
+The possession of ordinary commercial shrewdness, however, was by no
+means the quality most essential for successful publishing at the
+beginning of the nineteenth century. Both Constable and Ballantyne were
+men of great cleverness and aptitude for business; but, wanting certain
+higher endowments, they were unable to resist the whirl of excitement
+accompanying an unprecedented measure of financial success. Their ruin
+was as rapid as their rise. To Murray, on the other hand, perhaps their
+inferior in the average arts of calculation, a vigorous native sense,
+tempering a genuine enthusiasm for what was excellent in literature,
+gave precisely that mixture of dash and steadiness which was needed to
+satisfy the complicated requirements of the public taste.
+
+A high sense of rectitude is apparent in all his business transactions;
+and Charles Knight did him no more than justice in saying that he had
+"left an example of talent and honourable conduct which would long be a
+model for those who aim at distinction in the profession." He would have
+nothing to do with what was poor and shabby. When it was suggested to
+him, as a young publisher, that his former partner was ready to bear
+part of the risk in a contemplated undertaking, he refused to associate
+his fortunes with a man who conducted his business on methods that he
+did not approve. "I cannot allow my name to stand with his, because he
+undersells all other publishers at the regular and advertised prices."
+Boundless as was his admiration for the genius of Scott and Byron, he
+abandoned one of the most cherished objects of his ambition-to be the
+publisher of new works by the author of "Waverley"--rather than involve
+himself further in transactions which he foresaw must lead to discredit
+and disaster; and, at the risk of a quarrel, strove to recall Byron to
+the ways of sound literature, when through his wayward genius he seemed
+to be drifting into an unworthy course.
+
+In the same way, when the disagreement between the firms of Constable
+and Longmans seemed likely to turn to his own advantage, instead of
+making haste to seize the golden opportunity, he exerted himself to
+effect a reconciliation between the disputants, by pointing out what he
+considered the just and reasonable view of their mutual interests. The
+letters which, on this occasion, he addressed respectively to Mr. A.G.
+Hunter, to the Constables, and to the Longmans, are models of good sense
+and manly rectitude. Nor was his conduct to Constable, after the
+downfall of the latter, less worthy of admiration. Deeply as Constable
+had injured him by the reckless conduct of his business, Murray not
+only retained no ill-feeling against him, but, anxious simply to help a
+brother in misfortune, resigned in his favour, in a manner full of the
+most delicate consideration, his own claim to a valuable copyright. The
+same warmth of heart and disinterested friendship appears in his efforts
+to re-establish the affairs of the Robinsons after the failure of that
+firm. Yet, remarkable as he was for his loyalty to his comrades, he was
+no less distinguished by his spirit and independence. No man without a
+very high sense of justice and self-respect could have conducted a
+correspondence on a matter of business in terms of such dignified
+propriety as Murray employed in addressing Benjamin Disraeli after the
+collapse of the _Representative_. It is indeed a proof of power to
+appreciate character, remarkable in so young a man, that Disraeli
+should, after all that had passed between them, have approached Murray
+in his capacity of publisher with complete confidence. He knew that he
+was dealing with a man at once shrewd and magnanimous, and he gave him
+credit for understanding how to estimate his professional interest apart
+from his sense of private injury.
+
+Perhaps his most distinguishing characteristic as a publisher was his
+unfeigned love of literature for its own sake. His almost romantic
+admiration for genius and its productions raised him above the
+atmosphere of petty calculation. Not unfrequently it of course led him
+into commercial mistakes, and in his purchase of Crabbe's "Tales" he
+found to his cost that his enthusiastic appreciation of that author's
+works and the magnificence of his dealings with him were not the measure
+of the public taste. Yet disappointments of this kind in no way
+embittered his temper, or affected the liberality with which he treated
+writers like Washington Irving, of whose powers he had himself once
+formed a high conception. The mere love of money indeed was never an
+absorbing motive in Murray's commercial career, otherwise it is certain
+that his course in the suppression of Byron's Memoirs would have been
+something very different to that which he actually pursued. On the
+perfect letter which he wrote to Scott, presenting him with his fourth
+share in "Marmion," the best comment is the equally admirable letter in
+which Scott returned his thanks. The grandeur--for that seems the
+appropriate word--of his dealings with men of high genius, is seen in
+his payments to Byron, while his confidence in the solid value of
+literary excellence appears from the fact that, when the _Quarterly_ was
+not paying its expenses, he gave Southey for his "Life of Nelson" double
+the usual rate of remuneration. No doubt his lavish generosity was
+politic as well as splendid. This, and the prestige which he obtained as
+Byron's publisher, naturally drew to him all that was vigorous and
+original in the intellect of the day, so that there was a general desire
+among young authors to be introduced to the public under his auspices.
+The relations between author and publisher which had prevailed in the
+eighteenth century were, in his case, curiously inverted, and, in the
+place of a solitary scholar like Johnson, surrounded by an association
+of booksellers, the drawing-room of Murray now presented the remarkable
+spectacle of a single publisher acting as the centre of attraction to a
+host of distinguished writers.
+
+In Murray the spirit of the eighteenth century seemed to meet and
+harmonize with the spirit of the nineteenth. Enthusiasm, daring,
+originality, and freedom from conventionality made him eminently a man
+of his time, and, in a certain sense, he did as much as any of his
+contemporaries to swell that movement in his profession towards complete
+individual liberty which had been growing almost from the foundation of
+the Stationers' Company. On the other hand, in his temper, taste, and
+general principles, he reflected the best and most ancient traditions of
+his craft. Had his life been prolonged, he would have witnessed the
+disappearance in the trade of many institutions which he reverenced and
+always sought to develop. Some of them, indeed, vanished in his own
+life-time. The old association of booksellers, with its accompaniment of
+trade-books, dwindled with the growth of the spirit of competition and
+the greater facility of communication, so that, long before his death,
+the co-operation between the booksellers of London and Edinburgh was no
+more than a memory. Another institution which had his warm support was
+the Sale dinner, but this too has all but succumbed, of recent years, to
+the existing tendency for new and more rapid methods of conducting
+business. The object of the Sale dinner was to induce the great
+distributing houses and the retail booksellers to speculate, and buy an
+increased supply of books on special terms. Speculation has now almost
+ceased in consequence of the enormous number of books published, which
+makes it difficult for a bookseller to keep a large stock of any single
+work, and renders the life of a new book so precarious that the demand
+for it may at any moment come to a sudden stop.
+
+The country booksellers--a class in which Murray was always deeply
+interested--are dying out. Profits on books being cut down to a minimum,
+these tradesmen find it almost impossible to live by the sale of books
+alone, and are forced to couple this with some other kind of business.
+
+The apparent risk involved in Murray's extraordinary spirit of adventure
+was in reality diminished by the many checks which in his day operated
+on competition, and by the high prices then paid for ordinary books. Men
+were at that time in the habit of forming large private libraries, and
+furnishing them with the sumptuous editions of travels and books of
+costly engraving issued from Murray's press. The taste of the time has
+changed. Collections of books have been superseded, as a fashion, by
+collections of pictures, and the circulating library encourages the
+habit of reading books without buying them. Cheap bookselling, the
+characteristic of the age, has been promoted by the removal of the tax
+on paper, and by the fact that paper can now be manufactured out of
+refuse at a very low cost. This cheapness, the ideal condition for which
+Charles Knight sighed, has been accompanied by a distinct deterioration
+in the taste and industry of the general reader. The multiplication of
+reviews, magazines, manuals, and abstracts has impaired the love of, and
+perhaps the capacity for, study, research, and scholarship on which the
+general quality of literature must depend. Books, and even knowledge,
+like other commodities, may, in proportion to the ease with which they
+are obtained, lose at once both their external value and their intrinsic
+merit.
+
+Murray's professional success is sufficient evidence of the extent of
+his intellectual powers. The foregoing Memoir has confined itself almost
+exclusively to an account of his life as a publisher, and it has been
+left to the reader's imagination to divine from a few glimpses how much
+of this success was due to force of character and a rare combination of
+personal qualities. A few concluding words on this point may not be
+inappropriate.
+
+Quick-tempered and impulsive, he was at the same time warm-hearted and
+generous to a fault, while a genuine sense of humour, which constantly
+shows itself in his letters, saved him many a time from those troubles
+into which the hasty often fall. "I wish," wrote George Borrow, within a
+short time of the publisher's death, "that all the world were as gay as
+he."
+
+He was in some respects indolent, and not infrequently caused serious
+misunderstandings by his neglect to answer letters; but when he did
+apply himself to work, he achieved results more solid than most of his
+compeers. He had, moreover, a wonderful power of attraction, and both in
+his conversation and correspondence possessed a gift of felicitous
+expression which rarely failed to arouse a sympathetic response in those
+whom he addressed. Throughout "the trade" he was beloved, and he rarely
+lost a friend among those who had come within his personal influence.
+
+He was eager to look for, and quick to discern, any promise of talent in
+the young. "Every one," he would say, "has a book in him, or her, if one
+only knew how to extract it," and many was the time that he lent a
+helping hand to those who were first entering on a literary career.
+
+To his remarkable powers as a host, the many descriptions of his dinner
+parties which have been preserved amply testify; he was more than a mere
+entertainer, and took the utmost pains so to combine and to place his
+guests as best to promote sympathetic conversation and the general
+harmony of the gathering. Among the noted wits and talkers, moreover,
+who assembled round his table he was fully able to hold his own in
+conversation and in repartee.
+
+On one occasion Lady Bell was present at one of these parties, and
+wrote: "The talk was of wit, and Moore gave specimens. Charles thought
+that our host Murray said the best things that brilliant night."
+
+Many of the friends whose names are most conspicuous in these pages had
+passed away before him, but of those who remained there was scarcely one
+whose letters do not testify to the general affection with which he was
+regarded. We give here one or two extracts from letters received during
+his last illness.
+
+Thomas Mitchell wrote to Mr. Murray's son:
+
+"Give my most affectionate remembrances to your father. More than once I
+should have sunk under the ills of life but for his kind support and
+countenance, and so I believe would many others say besides myself. Be
+his maladies small or great, assure him that he has the earnest
+sympathies of one who well knows and appreciates his sterling merits."
+
+Sir Francis Palgrave, who had known Mr. Murray during the whole course
+of his career, wrote to him affectionately of "the friendship and
+goodwill which," said he, "you have borne towards me during a period of
+more than half my life. I am sure," he added, "as we grow older we find
+day by day the impossibility of finding _any_ equivalent for old
+friends." Sharon Turner also, the historian, was most cordial in his
+letters.
+
+"Our old friends," he said, "are dropping off so often that it becomes
+more and more pleasing to know that some still survive whom we esteem
+and by whom we are not forgotten.... Certainly we can look back on each
+other now for forty years, and I can do so as to you with great pleasure
+and satisfaction, when, besides the grounds of private satisfaction and
+esteem, I think of the many works of great benefit to society which you
+have been instrumental in publishing, and in some instances of
+suggesting and causing. You have thus made your life serviceable to the
+world as well as honourable to yourself.... You are frequently in my
+recollections, and always with those feelings which accompanied our
+intercourse in our days of health and activity. May every blessing
+accompany you and yours, both here and hereafter."
+
+It was not only in England that his loss was felt, for the news of his
+death called forth many tokens of respect and regard from beyond the
+seas, and we will close these remarks with two typical extracts from the
+letters of American correspondents.
+
+To Mr. Murray's son, Dr. Robinson of New York summed up his qualities in
+these words:
+
+"I have deeply sympathised with the bereaved family at the tidings of
+the decease of one of whom I have heard and read from childhood, and to
+whose kindness and friendship I had recently been myself so much
+indebted. He has indeed left you a rich inheritance, not only by his
+successful example in business and a wide circle of friends, but also
+in that good name which is better than all riches. He lived in a
+fortunate period--his own name is inseparably connected with one of the
+brightest eras of English literature--one, too, which, if not created,
+was yet developed and fostered by his unparalleled enterprise and
+princely liberality. I counted it a high privilege to be connected with
+him as a publisher, and shall rejoice in continuing the connection with
+his son and successor."
+
+
+Mrs. L.H. Sigourney wrote from Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.:
+
+"Your father's death is a loss which is mourned on this side of the
+Atlantic. His powerful agency on the patronage of a correct literature,
+which he was so well qualified to appreciate, has rendered him a
+benefactor in that realm of intellect which binds men together in all
+ages, however dissevered by political creed or local prejudice. His
+urbanity to strangers is treasured with gratitude in many hearts. To me
+his personal kindness was so great that I deeply regretted not having
+formed his acquaintance until just on the eve of my leaving London. But
+his parting gifts are among the chief ornaments of my library, and his
+last letter, preserved as a sacred autograph, expresses the kindness of
+a friend of long standing, and promises another 'more at length,' which,
+unfortunately, I had never the happiness of receiving."
+
+
+THE END
+
+
+
+
+INDEX
+
+
+Abercorn, Marq. and Marchioness of,
+Allegra, death of; buried at Harrow,
+Athenaeum Club,
+Austen, Miss Jane, "Northanger
+  Abbey,"; Novels published
+  by Murray,
+Austria, Empress of,
+
+Baillie, Miss Joanna,
+Ballantyne & Co. (John & James),
+  bill transactions with Murray;
+  partnership with
+  Scott; proposed edition of
+  "British Novelists,"; Works
+  of De Foe; James B. meets
+  Murray at Boroughbridge;
+  appointed Edinburgh agents for
+  _Q.R._; views on _Q.R._;
+  close alliance with Murray;
+  financial difficulties;
+  breach with Murray; failure
+  of _Edinburgh Ann. Reg_.;
+  "Waverley,"; "Lord of the
+  Isles,"; "Don Roderick,";
+  Scott's proposed letters
+  from the Continent; proposal
+  to Murray and Blackwood
+  about Scott's works; in
+  debt to Scott; "Tales of
+  my Landlord," "The Black
+  Dwarf,"; bankruptcy;
+  death of John Ballantyne,
+Barker, Miss,
+Barrow, Sir John, induced by
+  Canning to write for _Q. R_.;
+  visit to Gifford; consulted
+  by Murray about voyages or
+  travels; nicknamed "Chronometer"
+  by B. Disraeli,
+Bartholdy, Baron,
+Barton, Bernard,
+Basevi, junr., George,
+Bastard, Capt.,
+Beattie, Dr.,
+Bedford, Grosvenor,
+Bell, Lady,
+Bell & Bradfute,
+Bellenden, Mary,
+Belzoni, Giovanni,
+Berry, Miss, edits "Horace Walpole's
+  Reminiscences,"
+Blackwood, William, appointed
+  Murray's Agent for Scotland;
+  visits Murray; intimacy with
+  Murray; early career;
+  threatens Constable with proceedings
+  for printing Byron's
+  "Poems,"; refuses to sell
+  "Don Juan,"; alliance and
+  correspondence with Murray;
+  Ballantyne's proposals
+  about Scott's works; _Blackwood's
+  Magazine_ started;
+  Murray's remonstrance about the
+  personality of articles;
+  Hazlitts libel action;
+  interested with Murray in various
+  works,
+_Blackwood's Magazine_ started
+  (first called _Edinburgh Magazine_);
+  article attacking
+  Byron; "Ancient Chaldee
+  MS.,"; "The Cockney
+  School of Poetry,"; personality
+  of articles,;
+  "Hypocrisy Unveiled," etc.;
+  Murray retires from--Cadell and
+  Davies appointed London Agents
+  for,
+Blessington, Countess of, "Conversations
+  with Lord Byron,"
+Blewitt, Octavian,
+Borrow, George,
+  his youth;
+  capacity for learning languages;
+  appointed Agent to the Bible Society--Russia, Norway, Turkey and Spain,
+  his translation of the Bible;
+  called Lavengro,
+  his splendid physique,
+  "Gypsies of Spain,"
+  "The Bible in Spain,"
+  as a horse-breaker,
+  remarks on Allan Cunningham's death,
+  asked to become a member of the Royal Institution,
+"Boswell's Johnson,"
+  Croker's edition of,
+Bray, Mrs.,
+Brockedon, William,
+  his portrait of the Countess Guiccioli,
+  his help in Murray's Handbooks,
+Brougham, Lord,
+  his article in _Ed. Rev._ on Dr. Young's theory of light,
+  Chairman of the Society for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
+Broughton, Lord, _see_ Hobhouse.
+Buccleuch, Duke of,
+  his present of a farm to James Hogg,
+Butler, Charles,
+  "Books on the R. Cath. Church,"
+Burney, Dr.,
+Buxton, Thos. Powell,
+  "Slave Trade and its Remedy,"
+Byron, Lord,
+  first association and meeting with Murray,
+  "Childe Harold,"
+  presented to Prince Regent,
+  friendship with Scott,
+  "Giaour," "Bride of Abydos,"
+  "Corsair,"
+  "Ode to Napoleon,"
+  "Lara,"
+  marriage,
+  meets Scott at Murray's house,
+  remarks on Battle of Waterloo,
+  portrait by Phillips,
+  kindness to Maturin,
+  dealings with Murray,
+  residence in Piccadilly,
+  pecuniary embarrassments,
+  Murray's generous offer,
+  Murray's remonstrance,
+  "Siege of Corinth" and "Parisina,"
+  separation from wife,
+  sale of effects,
+  "Sketch from Private Life,"
+  leaves England,
+  "Childe Harold" and "Prisoner of Chillon,"
+  remarks on Scott's Review of "Childe Harold," Canto III.,
+  "Manfred,"
+  attack of fever at Venice,
+  "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+  visit from Hobhouse,
+  his bust by Thorwaldsen,
+  correspondence with Murray in 1817 to 1822,
+  "Beppo,"
+  Frere's "Whistlecraft,"
+  at Venice,
+  opinion of Southey,
+  "Don Juan," Cantos I. and II.;
+  Murray's suggestions as to,
+  hatred of Romilly,
+  "Letter of Julia,"
+  "Mazeppa," "Ode to Venice,"
+  Copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  Countess Guiccioli: proposal to visit S. America,
+  "Don Juan," Cantos III. and IV.,
+  "Don Juan," Canto V.,
+  Murray's refusal to publish further Cantos of "Don Juan,"
+  "My boy Hobby O!"
+  Hobhouse's anger,
+  Whig Club at Cambridge,
+  pamphlet on "Bowles' strictures,"
+  "Sardanapalus,"
+  "The Two Foscari," "Cain, a Mystery,"
+  injunction in case of "Cain,"
+  death and burial of Allegra,
+  illness, and last letter to Murray,
+  adopts Hato or Hatagee,
+  the Suliotes incident,
+  death: Murray's application for his burial in Westminster Abbey refused,
+  Memoirs and Moore,
+  destruction of Memoirs,
+  agreement between Moore and Murray,
+  Moore undertakes to write "Life,"
+  Murray's negotiations with Moore as to "Life,"
+  agreement as to "Life,"
+  Vol. I. of "Life" published,
+  Vol. II.,
+  Murray's proposed edition of his works,
+  Thorwaldsen's statue refused by Dean of Westminster,
+  attempt to alter Dean's decision;
+  the statue placed in library of Trinity College, Cambridge,
+Byron, Lady, her offer to Murray
+  for redemption of Byron's Memoirs,
+
+Cadell & Davies, appointed London Agents
+  for _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Callcott, Lady, _see_ Graham, Mrs.
+Campbell, Thomas, "Pleasures o
+  Hope," "Hohenlinden," "The
+  Exile of Erin," "Ye Mariners of
+  England," "Battle of the Baltic,"
+  "Lochiel's Warning"; correspondence
+  with Scott; intimacy
+  with Murray;
+  proposed "Selection from British
+  Poets"; "Gertrude
+  of Wyoming"; Lectures on
+  Poetry; "Now Barabbas
+  was a Publisher"; his
+  opinion of Mrs. Hemans's "Records
+  of Woman,"
+Canning, George, starts _Anti-Jacobin_;
+  assists in starting _Quarterly Review_;
+  article in _Q.R._ on "Austrian
+  State Papers"; on Spain;
+  views on the Royal Society
+  of Literature; opinion of
+  "Waverley"; letters from
+  Gifford; called "X."
+  by Benjamin Disraeli,
+Canning, Stratford, "The Miniature";
+  connection with
+  _Q.R._; introduces Gifford
+  to Murray; his mission to
+  Constantinople,
+Carlyle, Thomas, recommended to
+  Murray by Lord Jeffrey;
+  correspondence with Murray
+  about "Sartor Resartus";
+  "Sartor Resartus" declined
+  by other publishers;
+  returns to Craigenputtock;
+  "Sartor Resartus" published in
+  _Fraser's Magazine_, and, through
+  Emerson's influence, in United
+  States,
+Cawthorn, publisher of "English
+  Bards and Scotch Reviewers,"
+Cervetto,
+Chantrey, Sir F., calls Murray "a
+  brother Cyclops," _note_
+Chesterfield, Lord,
+Cleghorn, James, Editor of _Blackwood's
+  Magazine_,
+Colburn, the publisher, "Vivian
+  Grey"; declines "Sartor
+  Resartus,"
+Coleridge, John Taylor; appointed
+  Editor to _Quarterly
+  Review_; wishes to resign
+  editorship,
+Coleridge, Samuel Taylor;
+  correspondence with Murray;
+  Goethe's "Faust";
+  "Wallenstein"; "The
+  Friend"; "Remorse,"
+  "Glycine," "Christabel,"
+  "Christmas Tale," "Zapolya";
+  opinion of Frere,
+Colman's Comedy, "John Bull,"
+Colquhoun, Rt. Hon. J.C. (Lord
+  Advocate),
+Colquhoun, John, "The Moor and
+  the Loch"; correspondence
+  with Murray; dissatisfaction
+  with Blackwood; visit to
+  London and interview with
+  Murray,
+Constable, Archibald (Constable &
+  Co.); _Farmer's Magazine,
+  Scots Magazine, Edinburgh
+  Review_; his partner,
+  A.G. Hunter; appointed
+  Murray's agent; "Sir Tristram"
+  and "Lay of the Last
+  Minstrel"; breach with
+  Longman; injunction as to
+  _Edin. Rev._ obtained by Longman;
+  letter from Jeffrey;
+  Murray's remonstrances as to
+  drawing bills;
+  establishes London House;
+  breach with Murray;
+  final breach with Murray;
+  fresh alliance with Scott;
+  Campbell's "Selections from the British Poets";
+  Poems by Byron on his Domestic Circumstances;
+  Mrs. Markham's "History of England";
+  bankruptcy;
+  renews friendship with Murray;
+  death,
+Cooper, James Fenimore,
+Coplestone,
+Copyright Bill, the, Mr. Gladstone's remarks on,
+Coxe, Archdeacon,
+Crabbe, "Tales of the Hall," and other poems,
+Creech and Elliot
+Croker, Crofton
+Croker, John Wilson,
+  visit to Prince Regent,
+  portrait by Eddis,
+  "Stories for Children on Hist. of England",
+  on "Don Juan" and Byron,
+  takes charge of _Q.R._ during Gifford's illness,
+  views on the _Monthly Register_,
+  edits Lady Hervey's Letters,
+  opinion of the Waldegrave and Walpole Memoirs,
+  edits the Suffolk Papers,
+  edits Mrs. Delany's Letters,
+  Lockhart's opinion of him,
+  "Boswell's Johnson",
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron",
+  Moore's "Life of Lord Fitzgerald"
+Cumberland, Richard,
+  "John de Lancaster"
+Cumming, Thomas
+Cunningham, Allan,
+  "Paul Jones: a Romance",
+  his death,
+  "Memoirs of Sir D. Wilkie",
+  Lockhart's article in _Q.R._ on the "Memoirs"
+Cunningham, Rev. J.W.,
+  and the burial of Allegra at Harrow
+Cuthill
+
+Dacre, Lady (Mrs. Wilmot)
+Dagley (the engraver)
+Dallas, Mr.
+Davies, Annie,
+  Gifford's housekeeper
+Davy, Sir Humphry,
+  "Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing"
+D'Haussez, Baron
+Delany, Mrs.
+De Quincy
+De Stael, Madame,
+  ordered to quit Paris,
+  a frequenter of Murray's drawing-room
+Disraeli, Benjamin,
+  "Aylmer Papillon," "History of Paul Jones",
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  pamphlets on Mining Speculations,
+  connection with Messrs. Powles,
+  partner with Murray and Powles in _Representative_,
+  letters to Murray on the _Representative_ negotiations,
+  description of York Cathedral,
+  visits Lockhart,
+  interview with Scott at Chiefswood,
+  second visit to Scotland, and exertions on behalf of _Representative_
+  drops his connection with _Representative_,
+  "Vivian Grey" and "Contarini Fleming",
+  renewal of correspondence with Murray,
+  travels in Spain, etc.,
+  Radical candidate for Wycombe,
+  attended by Tita (Byron's Gondolier),
+  "Gallomania",
+  publishes reply to criticisms on "Gallomania"
+D'Israeli, Isaac,
+  "Curiosities of Literature",
+  friendship with Murray,
+  "Flim-Flams",
+  birth of his son Benjamin,
+  Murray's marriage-settlement,
+  Trustee,
+  advice about _Q.R._,
+  "Calamities of Authors",
+  "Character of James I.",
+  impromptu on Belzoni,
+  meets Washington Irving at Murray's,
+  consulted by Murray as to _Representative_,
+  proposed pamphlet on his misunderstanding with Murray
+D'Oyley, Rev. Dr.
+Dudley, Lord,
+  his "Letters"
+
+Eastlake, Sir Charles L.,
+  "Translation of Memoirs of the Carbonari",
+  Mrs. Graham's interest in
+Eaton, Mrs.
+Ebrington, Lord
+_Edinburgh Annual Register_
+_Edinburgh Magazine_ and _Review_
+_Edinburgh Review_ started,
+  published by Murray,
+  its great success,
+  injunction obtained by Longman,
+  Jeffrey, editor of,
+  articles on "Marmion",
+  on "Don Cevallos on the Occupation of Spain"
+Eldon, Lord,
+  on copyright of "Cain"
+Elliot, Miss;
+  marries John Murray II.
+Elliot, Charles
+Ellis, George; letters from
+  Scott; friendship with
+  Scott; contributes to _Q.R._;
+  constant critic of the _Q. R_.;
+  article on Spain;
+  on ponderous articles in _Q.R._;
+  advice as to punctuality in
+  issuing _Q. R_.
+Ellis, Sir Henry, "Embassy to China"
+Emerson, friendship with Carlyle
+Erskine, William
+Everett, A.H.
+
+Faber, Rev. G.S.
+Falconer, William, "The Shipwreck";
+  lost at sea
+  "Family Library," works comprising
+Fazakerly's interview with Napoleon
+Ferriar, Dr., on "Apparitions"
+Field, Barron
+Ford's "Dramatic Works"
+Ford, Richard, "Handbook to
+  Spain"; opinion of
+  Borrow
+Foscolo, Ugo
+Fraser, Rev. Alexander
+Fraser, Mr., offers L150 for "Sartor
+  Resartus"
+Frere, John Hookham;
+  Coleridge's opinion of;
+  his marriage; "Whistle-craft"
+Froissart
+
+Galignani
+Garden, Mrs., "Memorials of James Hogg"
+Gifford, William, introduced to
+  Murray; accepts editorship
+  of _Q. R_.; advice from Scott
+  on _Q. R_.; Southey and
+  the _Q. R_.; unpunctuality as
+  editor; at Ryde;
+  George Canning and the _Q. R_.;
+  Southey's "Life of Nelson";
+  Miss A.T. Palmer's bribe;
+  disagreement with Murray;
+  wages war with _Edin. Rev._;
+  relations with Murray;
+  opinion of Pillans; bad health;
+  Murray's present;
+  opinion of W.S. Landor;
+  review of Ford's "Dramatic
+  Works"; on Charles
+  Lamb--his deep grief;
+  opinion of "Childe Harold";
+  illness and death of his
+  housekeeper; opinion of
+  Southey; memorial to his
+  housekeeper; libellous attack
+  on him; opinion of Miss
+  Austen's novels; of Maturin;
+  illness at Dover; Murray
+  gives him a carriage;
+  Byron's "unlordly scrape";
+  edition of "Ben Jonson";
+  illness; Croker
+  akes charge of _Q. R_.;
+  opinion of Milman's "Fall of
+  Jerusalem"; letter to George
+  Canning; resigns editorship;
+  declines Oxford degree;
+  his death and burial in
+  Westminster Abbey; will;
+  character; love for
+  children; venomous attack
+  upon him
+Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W.E., Tory
+  member for Newark; proposal
+  to Murray about "Church
+  and State"; visit to Holland;
+  "Church and State" published,
+  and "Church Principles";
+  letter to Murray on Copyright
+  Bill
+Gleig, Rev. George
+Glenbervie, Lord
+Gooch, Dr., anecdote of Lord Nelson
+Gordon, General Sir Robert
+Graham, Mrs. (Lady Callcott);
+  intimacy with Murray
+Grahame's "British Georgies"
+Grant, Sir Robert; his articles
+  in _Q.R._ on "Character of the late
+  C.J. Fox"
+Greenfield
+Guiccioli, Countess; Murray's
+  kindness to; Brockedon's
+  portrait of
+Gurney, Joseph
+Gurwood, Col., editor of Wellington
+  "Despatches"
+
+Haber, Baron de
+Hall, Capt. Basil
+Hall, Sir James,
+Hall, S.C.,
+Hallam, Henry,
+  friendship with Murray,
+  "Middle Ages,"
+  "Constitutional History,"
+Hamilton, Walter,
+  "East India Gazetteer,"
+  "Description of Hindostan and Adjacent Countries,"
+Hamilton, Sir William,
+"Handbooks," Murray's,
+Hanson, Mr. (Byron's solicitor),
+Hastings, Warren,
+Hato, or Hatagee,
+  Greek child adopted by Byron,
+Hay, R.W.,
+Hazlitt, William,
+  his libellous pamphlet on Gifford,
+  action for libel against Blackwood and Murray,
+Heber, Bishop (Rev. Reginald),
+Heber, Richard,
+Hemans, Mrs.,
+  "Records of Woman,"
+Herschell, Sir John,
+  on Dr. Young's theory of light,
+Hervey, Lady,
+  "Letters, etc.,"
+Highley, Samuel,
+Hoare, Prince,
+  "Epochs of the Arts,"
+Hobhouse, John Cam (Lord Broughton),
+  "Journey through Albania, etc., with Lord Byron,"
+  "Last Reign of Napoleon,"
+  visits Byron at Venice,
+  his inscription for Thorwaldsen's bust of Byron,
+  on Byron's intention to visit S. America,
+  imprisoned for breach of privilege,
+  "My boy Hobby O!"--his account of the Whig Club at Cambridge,
+  Byron's executor,
+  anxiety about a complete edition of Byron's Works,
+Hodgson, Rev. Francis,
+Hogg, James,
+  "Ettrick Shepherd,"
+  "The Queen's Wake,"
+  "The Pilgrims of the Sun,"
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  Duke of Buccleuch gives him a farm,
+  supposed to be author of "Tales of my Landlord,"
+  contributor to _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  said to be author of the "Chaldee Manuscript,"
+  helped by Scott and Murray,
+  "Jacobite Relics of Scotland,"
+Holland, Lord,
+  "Life of Lope de Vega and Inez de Castro,"
+  on Napoleon's treatment at St. Helena,
+  opinion of "Tales of my Landlord,"
+  proposals to Murray about the Waldegrave and Walpole Memoirs,
+Holland, Rev. W. (Canon of Chichester),
+Hope, Thomas,
+  "Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, etc.,"
+Hoppner, Mr.,
+Horton, Sir Robert Wilmot,
+  letter from Murray with particulars of the destruction of
+Byron's Memoirs,
+Howard, Mrs.,
+Hume, Joseph,
+Hunt, John,
+Hunt, Leigh,
+  joint Editor of the _Examiner_,
+  in gaol for libelling Prince Regent,
+  correspondence with Murray about "Story of Rimini,"
+  "Recollections of Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries,"
+Hunter, Alexander G.,
+Hunter, Charles,
+Hurst, Rohinson & Co.,
+
+Inchbald, Mrs.,
+Ireland, Dr. John (Dean of Westminster),
+  proposed burial of Byron in the Abbey,
+  Gifford's executor,
+  Byron's statue,
+Irving, Peter,
+Irving, Washington,
+  account of a dinner at Murray's,
+  "Sketch Book,"
+  "Bracebridge Hall,"
+  letter from Murray as to _Representative_,
+
+Jameson, Mrs.,
+  "Guide to the Picture Galleries of London,"
+Jeffrey, Francis,
+  Editor of _Edinburgh Review,_
+  opinion of Wordsworth, Southey, and Coleridge,
+  Southey's opinion of him,
+  "Don Cevallos on the Occupation of Spain,"
+  party politics in _Ed. Rev_.,
+  recommends Carlyle to Murray,
+  his interview with Murray,
+Jerdan, William
+  his erroneous account in _Literary Gazette_ of destruction
+   of Byron's Memoirs,
+  on Gifford,
+
+Kean, Charles,
+  in "Bertram,"
+  in "Manuel,"
+Keats' "Endymion" reviewed in _Q.R._,
+Kerr, William,
+Kerr, Robert,
+Kinnaird, Honble. Douglas, and "Childe Harold,"
+  letter to Murray,
+Kinneir, Macdonald, "Persia,"
+Kingsburg, Miss Harriet (Mrs. Maturin),
+Knight, Charles,
+  "Library of Entertaining Knowledge,"
+  remarks on Murray's honourable conduct,
+Knight, H. Gally,
+
+Lamb, Lady Caroline,
+  "Glenarvon,"
+  opinion of Byron's works,
+  correspondence with Murray,
+  "Penruddock,"
+  "Ada Reis,"
+Lamb, Charles,
+Lamb, Honble. George,
+Lamb, Honble. William (Lord Melbourne),
+Lamennais' "Paroles d'un Croyant,"
+Landor, W.S., "Remarks upon C.J. Fox's Memoirs,"
+Lauderdale, Lord,
+Lavater on Physiognomy,
+Leigh, Honble. Augusta, her wish that Byron's Memoirs should be
+  destroyed,
+Levinge, Godfrey,
+Leyden's "Africa,"
+Lieven, Prince,
+Lindo, Mr. and Mrs.,
+Llandaff, Bishop of, "Lord Dudley's Letters,"
+Lockhart, John, the "Littlejohn," to whom Scott's "Tales of a
+Grandfather" were addressed,
+Lockhart, John Gibson, contributor to _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  article on "The Cockney School of Poetry,"
+  challenges the anonymous author of "Hypocrisy Unveiled, etc.,"
+  called "M." by B. Disraeli,
+  at Chiefswood,
+  B. Disraeli's visit,
+  editorship of _Representative_ offered to him,
+  Scott's opinion of him, 261, 273
+  accepts editorship of _Q.R._,
+  his success as Editor of _Q.R._,
+  relations with Murray,
+  opinion of Wordsworth's poems,
+  visit to Brighton with Scott,
+  interview with Duke of Wellington,
+  at Abbotsford,
+  Scott's death: writes his "Life,"
+  remarks on Croker's edition of "Boswell's Johnson,"
+  on Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus,"
+  "Life of Napoleon,"
+  opinion of early part of Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+  opinion of "Contarini Fleming,"
+  article on Borrow's "Bible in Spain,"
+  on Wilkie,
+  his illness,
+Longman & Co.,
+  breach with Constable,
+  Murray's intervention,
+  injunction as to _Edin. Rev_.,
+  accept L1,000 for claim on _Edin. Rev_.,
+  Coleridge's "Wallenstein,"
+  offer to Campbell,
+  Crabbe's poems declined,
+  advertise an edition of Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+  injunction granted to Murray,
+  refuse to publish "Sartor Resartus,"
+Longman, Thos., on the danger of reading in bed,
+Lyndhurst, Lord,
+Lyttelton, Lord, "Dialogues of the Dead," "History of King Henry II.,"
+
+Maas, of Coblentz,
+Macaulay, Lord, his articles in _Edin. Rev_., on Crokers's "Boswell's
+Johnson,"
+  Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+Macirone, Col.
+Mackay, the actor
+Mackintosh, Sir James
+Macleod, John,
+  "Voyage of H.M.S. _Alceste_ to Loochoo"
+Macready, W.C.
+Maginn, Dr.
+Magnus, Samuel,
+  his testimonial to Dean Milman
+Mahon, Lord (Earl Stanhope)
+Malcolm, Sir John
+  "Sketch of the Sikhs"
+Malthus,
+  "Rent," "Corn-Laws," "Essay on Population"
+Markham, Mrs.,
+  "History of England"
+Mason, Rev. William (T. Gray's executor)
+  controversy with Murray
+Maturin, Rev. Chas. Robert
+  his early life and marriage; "The Fatal Revenge," "The Wild Irish
+Boy," "The Milesian Chief," "Bertram"
+  "Bertram" at Drury Lane
+  "Manuel"
+  his death
+Maule, William
+Mavrocordato, Prince
+Mawman, Joseph
+Medwin, Capt. Thomas,
+  "Conversations of Lord Byron"
+Melbourne, Lord (_see_ Lamb)
+Memoires pour servir
+Milbanke, Miss
+Mill, James,
+  "History of British India"
+Mill, John Stuart
+Miller, John
+Miller, Robert
+Miller, William,
+  of Albemarle Street
+Mills, James
+Milman, Dean (Rev. H.H.)
+  "Fall of Jerusalem"
+  one of Murray's Historians
+  "History of Christianity"
+  "History of the Jews" received with disapprobation; his remarks
+on Sharon Turner's Expostulation; testimonial from the Jews
+  opinion of "Contarini Fleming"
+Mirza, Abul Hassan,
+  impressions of English Society
+Mitchell, Thomas
+  impressions of Ugo Foscolo
+  opinion of Murray
+Mitford,
+  "History of Greece"
+_Monthly Register_
+Moore, Thomas
+  opinion of "The Corsair"
+  presented with Byron's Memoirs
+  offers them to Longman
+  accepted by Murray
+  their destruction
+  reconciled to Murray and undertakes "Life of Byron"
+  his views on Cookery Books and on Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic
+Cookery"
+  agreement with Murray as to "Life of Byron," receives L3,000
+from Murray for "Life"
+  Lockhart's opinion of the "Life"
+  Vol. I. of "Life" published
+  Vol. II. of "Life" published; Mrs. Somerville's opinion of it
+  "Thoughts on Editors"
+  Murray's proposal as to a complete edition of Byron's works
+Morgan, Lady
+Morier, James,
+  "Hajji Baba"
+Morritt,
+  of Rokeby Park
+Murat, King of Naples
+Murray, Sir George
+Murray, Joe (Byron's Steward)
+Murray I., John.
+  1745-68--His birth and early years
+  1768--Marriage and retirement from Royal Marines
+    offers partnership to W. Falconer
+    purchases W. Sandby's business
+    early publications
+  1769-70--Support from Sir R. Gordon and his old comrades
+    money difficulties
+    agents in Ireland and Scotland
+  1771--Defence of Sir R. Gordon
+  1777-78--Second marriage
+    controversy with Rev. W. Mason
+  1782-93--Paralytic stroke
+    his son's education and character
+    Dr. Johnson's funeral
+    illness and death
+Murray II., John
+  called by Lord Byron "The Anax of Publishers,"
+  nicknamed "The Emperor of the West,"
+  1778-92--Birth,
+   at Edinburgh High School,
+   at school at Margate,
+   at school at Gosport,
+   sight of one eye destroyed,
+  1793--At school at Kennington,
+  1795--Enters his father's business firm of Murray & Highley,
+  1802--Dissolves partnership with Highley and starts business
+   alone,
+  1803--Offers to publish Colman's Comedy "John Bull,"
+   money difficulties,
+   military duties,
+   friendship with Isaac D'Israeli,
+   Isaac D'Israeli's "Narrative Poems,"
+   business transactions with Constable,
+   appoints Constable his agent in Edinburgh;
+   pushes sale of _Edinburgh Review_,
+  1804--Birth of Benjamin Disraeli,
+   takes Charles Hunter as apprentice,
+  1805--Isaac D'Israeli's letters to him,
+   attempts to reconcile Constable and Longman,
+   expedition to Edinburgh,
+   attachment to Miss Elliot,
+  1806--The "Miniature" and Stratford Canning,
+   introduced to George Canning,
+   close attention to business,
+   visits Edinburgh,
+   engagement to Miss Elliot,
+   financial position,
+   appointed publisher of _Edinburgh Review_,
+   Campbell's proposed Magazine and "Selection from British Poets,"
+  1807--Marries Miss Elliot,
+   I. D'Israeli one of his Trustees,
+   friendship with Sharon Turner,
+   injunction in the matter of the _Edinburgh Review_,
+   remonstrates with Constable about drawing bills,
+   breach with Constable,
+   bill transactions with Ballantyne,
+   writes to George Canning proposing a new Review,
+  1808--"Marmion" and friendship with Scott,
+   proposed edition of the "British Novelists,"
+   De Foe's works,
+   introduced to Gifford by Stratford Canning,
+   visits Scott at Ashestiel,
+   correspondence about _Quarterly Review_,
+   Gifford accepts editorship,
+   Missionary Reports and Southey's article in
+   _Q.R._,
+   article on Spain for _Q.R._ by Canning, Gifford, and Ellis,
+   correspondence with Mrs. Inchbald,
+  1809--Meets Ballantyne at Boroughbridge,
+   appoints Ballantyne Edinburgh publisher
+   of _Q.R._,
+   Scott's _Life of Swift_,
+   _Q.R._, No. 1 published,
+   urges Scott to visit London,
+   letter to Stratford Canning,
+   exertions to procure contributors,
+   Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+   close alliance with Ballantyne,
+   Grahame's "British Georgies" and Scott's "English Ministrelsy,"
+   financial difficulties with Ballantyne,
+   letter from Campbell on "Selection from British Poets,"
+   Campbell's Gertrude of "Wyoming,"
+  1810--Breach with Ballantyne,
+   appoints W. Blackwood his agent in Scotland,
+   Southey's "Life of Nelson,"
+   money difficulties--Ballantyne's bills,
+   transfers printing business,
+   Constable's bills,
+   decrease in circulation of _Q.R._,
+  1811--Relations with Gifford,
+   improvement of _Q.R._,
+   generosity to Gifford,
+   origin of his connection with Byron,
+   "Childe Harold,"
+  1812--Ballantyne's bills again,
+   purchases stock of Miller,
+    of Albemarle Street,
+    removes to Albemarle Street,
+    Constable's bills,
+    final breach with Constable,
+    complete success of _Q.R._
+    refuses "The Rejected Addresses,"
+  1813--"The Giaour," and "The Bride of Abydos,"
+    Sir J. Malcolm,
+    I. D'Israeli's "Calamities of Authors,"
+    Scott's bill transactions,
+    Mme. de Stael at Albemarle Street,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1814--"The Corsair,"
+    "Ode to Napoleon,"
+    "Lara and Jacqueline,"
+    Mrs. Murray's visit to Leith,
+    letters to Mrs. Murray,
+    visit from Blackwood,
+    dines with I. D'Israeli,
+    education of his son John,
+    visit to D'Israeli at Brighton,
+    description of Newstead Abbey,
+    Byron's skull-cup,
+    trip to Edinburgh,
+    alliance with Blackwood,
+    visit to Abbotsford,
+    shares in Scott's "Don Roderick,"
+    correspondence with Coleridge,
+  1815--Drawing-room in Albemarle Street,
+    Mme. de Stael,
+    first meeting of Scott and Byron,
+    Napoleon's escape from Elba,
+    sends first news of Battle of Waterloo to Blackwood,
+    literary parties,
+    portraits of distinguished men,
+    trip to Paris,
+    Scott's proposed letters from the Continent,
+    Napoleon's personal correspondence with crowned heads, etc., of
+ Europe,
+    publishes Miss Austen's "Emma,"
+    begins to publish Malthus' works,
+    correspondence with Leigh Hunt as to the "Story of Rimini,"
+    correspondence with James Hogg,
+    dealings with Byron,
+    his liberal offer to Byron,
+    "Siege of Corinth" and "Parisina,"
+    remonstrates with Byron,
+    correspondence with Blackwood,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1816--Kindness to Rev. C.R. Maturin,
+    Coleridge's "Glycine: a Song," "Remorse," "Zapolya," "Christabel,"
+and "Christmas Tale,"
+    correspondence with Leigh Hunt,
+    Gifford's illness,
+    gives Gifford a carriage,
+    entrusted with sale of Byron's books and furniture,
+    buys some of Byron's books, the large screen (now at Albemarle
+Street), and silver cup,
+    Byron's "Sketch from Private Life,"
+    Byron leaves England,
+    "Childe Harold" and "The Prisoner of Chillon,"
+    letter to Byron on the "Monody on Sheridan,"
+    "Tales of my Landlord,"
+    correspondence with Lady Byron and Lady C. Lamb,
+    Ballantyne's proposal about Scott's works,
+    his assistance to Hogg,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1817--Correspondence with Coleridge,
+    Scott's review of "Childe Harold," Canto III.,
+    letters from Lady C. Lamb,
+    "Manfred,"
+    "Manuscrit venu de Ste. Helene,"
+    "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+    Captain Basil Hall's "Fragments of Voyages and Travels,"
+    correspondence with Lady Abercorn,
+    Giovanni Belzoni,
+    Washington Irving at Albemarle Street,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1818--"Beppo,"
+    visit to Scott,
+    "Don Juan," Canto I.,
+    takes share in
+   _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+   remonstrances with Blackwood on the personality of the Magazine
+Articles,
+   the anonymous pamphlet "Hypocrisy Unveiled,"
+   assailed by a pamphlet, entitled "A Letter to Mr. John Murray
+of Albemarle Street, etc.,"
+   Hazlitt's libel action,
+   correspondence with Scott,
+   friendship with Hallam--publishes "Middle Ages,"
+   the proposed _Monthly Register_,
+   Crabbe's "Tales of the Hall," and other poems,
+   Rev. H.H. Milman
+  1819--Campbell's "Selections from British Poets,"
+   suggestions to Byron about "Don Juan," Canto II.,
+   "Mazeppa" and "The Ode to Venice,"
+   Blackwood refuses to sell "Don Juan,"
+   copyright of "Don Juan" infringed--injunction applied for and
+granted;
+   retires from _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+   transfers his Scottish Agency to Oliver and Boyd,
+   Thomas Hope's "Anastasius,"
+   threatened by Colonel Macirone with libel action,
+   verdict in his favour,
+   buys house at Wimbledon,
+   literary levees at Albemarle Street,
+   his acquaintance with Ugo Foscolo
+  1820--"Don Juan, Cantos III. and IV.,"
+   Hobhouse's anger--the "My boy Hobby O!" incident,
+   Milman's "Fall of Jerusalem,"
+   B. Disraeli first mentioned,
+   Washington Irving's "Sketch-Book,"
+   other books published by him during the year
+  1821--Cantos III., IV., and V. of "Don Juan,"
+   refuses to publish further cantos of "Don Juan,"
+   Byron's pamphlet on Bowles,
+   "Sardanapalus,"
+   "The Two Foscari," "Cain, a Mystery,"
+   present with Scott at Coronation of George IV.,
+   injunction in case of "Cain,"
+   accepts Byron's "Memoirs,"
+   Mrs. Graham's letter to him about Sir Charles Eastlake,
+   pirated copies of Byron's works in America and France,
+   injunction obtained restraining sale by Longman of Mrs. Rundell's
+"Domestic Cookery,"
+  1822--Death of Allegra,
+   Milman's "Fall of Jerusalem,"
+   intimacy with Milman,
+   "Bracebridge Hall,"
+   declines James Fenimore Cooper's novels,
+   Ugo Foscolo
+  1823--Giflord's serious illness--difficulty in choosing new Editor
+for the _Q.R._,
+   other books published by him during the year
+  1824--Closing incidents of friendship with Byron,
+   Byron's last letter and illness,
+   Byron's death,
+   correspondence with Dr. Ireland (Dean of Westminster) about Byron's
+burial in Westminster Abbey,
+   destruction of Byron's Memoirs,
+   Moore undertakes "Life of Byron,"
+   Mrs. Markham's "History of England,"
+   a crisis in the _Q.R._,
+   John Taylor Coleridge appointed Editor of _Q.R._;
+   correspondence with B. Disraeli about "Aylmer Papillon"
+1825--Agreement and arrangements regarding proposed morning paper,
+_Representative_,
+   letters from B. Disraeli as to _Representative_,
+   I. D'Israeli's views on the _Representative_,
+   offers editorship of _Representative_ to Lockhart;
+   Scott's opinion of the scheme,
+   secures foreign
+    correspondents for _Representative_,
+    bears the whole expense,
+    appoints Lockhart Editor of _Q.R._ on Coleridge's resignation,
+    letters to him from Scott on Lockhart's fitness for the _Q.R._
+editorship,
+    letters from Lockhart,
+    Hallam's "Constitutional History,"
+    renews friendship with Constable after fifteen years' interval,
+    other books published by him during the year,
+  1826--_Representative_ started--its utter failure,
+    health breaks down,
+    commercial crisis and failure of large publishing houses, Constable
+ & Co., Ballantyne & Co., Hurst, Robinson & Co., and others,
+    helps London publishers in their difficulties,
+    _Representative_ ceases to exist after career of six months,
+    misunderstanding with I. D'Israeli,
+    intimacy with Lockhart,
+    Wordsworth's proposal to him,
+  1827--Letter from his son describing Scott's acknowledgement of
+the authorship of "Waverley Novels" at the Theatrical Fund dinner in
+Edinburgh,
+    Henry Taylor's "Isaac Comnenus,"
+    buys all Byron's works,
+  1828--Offers Scott L1,250 for copyright of "History of Scotland,"
+    "Tales of a Grandfather,"
+    Napier's "History of Peninsular War,"
+    the "Wellington Despatches,"
+    "Library of Entertaining Knowledge,"
+    negotiations with Moore as to "Life of Byron,"
+  1829--Resigns his share in "Marmion" to Scott,
+    Croker's edition of "Boswell's Johnson,"
+    "The Family Library,"
+  1830--Milman's "History of the Jews,"
+    Moore's "Life of Byron," Vol. I.,
+    renewal of correspondence with B. Disraeli and negotiations with
+him as to "Contarini Fleming: a Psychological Biography,"
+  1831--Moore's "Life of Byron," Vol. II.,
+    Moore's "Thoughts on Editors,"
+    Thomas Carlyle recommended to him by Lord Jeffrey,
+    "Sartor Resartus"--which he ultimately declines to publish,
+  1832--Complete edition of Byron's works,
+    correspondence with Benjamin Disraeli about "Gallomania,"
+  1834--Dean of Westminster refuses his request that Thorwaldsen's
+statue of Byron should be placed in Westminster Abbey,
+  1836--The first Handbook to the Continent (Holland, Belgium, and
+ North Germany), published,
+  1837--Letter to _Morning Chronicle_ on Napier's "History of the
+Peninsular War,"
+  1838--Mr. Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+    T. Powell Buxton's "Slave Trade and its Remedy,"
+    Handbook to Switzerland,
+  1839--Handbook to Norway, Sweden, and Denmark,
+  1840--Mrs. Jameson and her "Guide to the Picture Galleries of
+London,"
+    Handbook to the East,
+    George Borrow,
+    Borrow's "Gypsies of Spain,"
+    Southey's death,
+  1841--Bishop of Llandaff and "Lord Dudley's Letters,"
+    correspondence with John Colquhoun on "The Moor and the Loch,"
+  1842--Handbook to Italy,
+    letters from George Borrow,
+    "The Bible in Spain" published,
+    Horace
+ Horace Twiss's "Life of Lord Eldon,"
+  his illness,
+ 1843--In constant communication with Sir Robert Peel,
+   many of whose speeches, etc., he published,
+  Richard Ford's Handbook of Spain,
+  Mr. Gladstone on the Copyright Bill,
+  his failing health and death,
+  his dinner-parties an institution,
+  tokens of respect from all parts--extracts from letters
+   of sympathy from the Americans, Dr. Robinson and Mrs.
+   L.H. Sigourney,
+Murray, III., John, a reader for the press at six years
+  old,
+  recollections of Scott and Byron at Albemarle Street,
+  present at the destruction of Byron's Memoirs,
+  letter from R.W. Hay on the anonymous attack on Gifford's
+   memory,
+  present at the Theatrical Fund Dinner in Edinburgh when
+   Scott declared himself the author of the "Waverley Novels,"
+  the originator and author of the "Guides,"
+  extract from his article in Murray's Magazine on the
+   "Handbooks,"
+
+Napier, Macvey,
+Napier, Col. W., "History of the Peninsular War,"
+  at Strathfieldsaye with Duke of Wellington,
+  negotiations with Murray,
+Napoleon Buonaparte, escapes from Elba,
+  private correspondence with crowned heads, etc., of
+   Europe declined by Murray,
+Nelson, Lord, anecdote of,
+Newton (the artist),
+Nugent's "Memorials of Hampden,"
+
+Oliver & Boyd,
+Orloff, Count,
+Ouseley, Sir Gore,
+Owen, Robert,
+  his "New View of Society,"
+
+Paget, Lieut. Henry (Murray's stepfather),
+Palgrave, Sir Francis, Murray's Guide to Northern Italy,
+  on Murray's friendship,
+Palmer, Miss Alicia T.,
+Parish, H.,
+Paul, Emperor, proposal to assist Napoleon in turning
+  English out of India,
+Paxton, Dr. G.A.,
+Peel, Sir Robert, on Byron,
+  publishes his speeches, etc.,
+Perry, James, _Independent Gazette_,
+Phillips, Sir Richard, 17
+  "Waverley" offered to, 97
+Phillips, Thomas, his portraits,
+Phillpotts, Rev. Dr. Henry (Bishop of Exeter),
+Pillans, Mr.,
+Pindar, Peter,
+Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials of Scotland,"
+Polidori, Dr.,
+Powles, J.D.,
+Pringle, Thomas, Editor of _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Proctor, John,
+
+_Quarterly Review_, proposals by Murray
+  to Canning,
+  to Scott,
+  Gifford accepts editorship,
+  letters from Scott,
+  his advice
+  to Gifford,
+  general arrangements,
+  launched,
+  first number appears,
+  first edition exhausted,
+  its unpunctual appearance,
+  Southey a constant contributor to,
+  its prosperity,
+  Sir J. Barrow's connection with,
+  Croker takes charge of it during Gifford's illness,
+  Gifford's illness and resignation,
+  crisis--only two numbers in 1824,
+  J.T. Coleridge appointed Editor,
+  Coleridge resigns,
+  Lockhart appointed Editor,
+
+Ramsay & Co., George,
+Regent, Prince,
+_Representative_, The, Murray's daily newspaper; its
+   projection,
+  first appearance and complete
+   failure,
+  ceases to exist,
+Roberts, Rev. Dr.
+Robinson, Dr.
+Robinson, H. Crabb
+Rogers, Samuel,
+  on _Q.R._
+  opinion of "Childe Harold"
+  "Jacqueline"
+  on Crabbe's poems
+Romilly, Sir S.
+Royal Society of Literature
+Rundell, Mrs., "Domestic Cookery"
+  history of the book and injunction obtained by Murray
+Russell, Lord John, "Memoirs, Journals, and
+  Correspondence of T. Moore"
+  "The Affairs of Europe"
+
+Sandby, William
+Scott, Sir Walter
+  "Sir Tristram," and "Lay of the Last Minstrel"
+  "Marmion"
+  "Border Minstrelsy"
+  partnership with Ballantyne
+  proposed edition of "British Novelists"
+  asks Southey to contribute to _Edin. Rev._
+  severs his connection with Constable and _Edin. Rev._
+  visit from Murray
+  correspondence with Murray about _Q.R._
+  letter to George Ellis on Murray, etc.
+  views as to management of _Q.R._
+  advice to Gifford
+  friendship with George Ellis
+  "Life of Swift"
+  a principal contributor to first number of _Q.R._
+  proposed "Secret History of the Court of James I."
+  "Portcullis Copies"
+  "English Minstrelsy"
+  "Lady of the Lake"
+  Prince Regent's opinion of his poems, etc.
+  opinion of "Calamities of Authors"
+  new edition of "Lord Somers's Tracts"
+  Ballantyne's recklessness
+  at Abbotsford
+  fresh alliance with Constable
+  his writing-desk; "Waverley" (Great Unknown)
+  "The Lord of the Isles"
+  additions to Abbotsford
+  "Don Roderick"
+  meets Byron at Murray's house
+  portrait by Newton
+  trip to Belgium
+  proposed letters from the Continent
+  visit from Murray
+  opinion of "Cain"
+  "Tales of my Landlord," "The Black Dwarf"
+  cicerone to George IV. in Edinburgh
+  serious illness
+  assists Hogg
+  "Heart of Midlothian," "Rob Roy"
+  assists Washington Irving
+  nicknamed "The Chevalier" by B. Disraeli
+  bankruptcy of his publishers
+  on Lockhart's fitness for the _Q.R._ editorship
+  at Brighton with Lockhart; illness of his grandson
+   "Littlejohn"
+  "History of Scotland"
+  Cadell appointed his publisher; purchases, jointly with
+   Cadell, all principal copyrights of his works
+  Murray's transfer of his share of "Marmion"
+  last letter to Murray
+  rapid decline
+  death
+  account of his acknowledgment of the authorship of
+   "Waverley Novels" at the Theatrical Fund dinner
+  opinion of "Murray, the Emperor of the West"
+  advises Lockhart to undertake "Life of Napoleon"
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron"
+  some of the articles he wrote for _Q.R._: Carr's
+   "Tour in Scotland"; "Curse of Kehama"
+   "Daemonology"; Miss Austen's "Emma"
+   "Culloden Papers"; Campbell's "Gertrude of
+   Wyoming"; "Childe Harold" Canto III.;
+   "Tales of my Grandfather"; "Lord Orford's
+   Letters"; "Pepys' Memoirs"; "Works
+   of John Home," "Planting Waste Lands," "Plantation
+   and Landscape Gardening," Sir Humphry Davy's
+   "Salmonia"; "Hajji Baba," "Ancient History
+   of Scotland," Southey's "Life of John Bunyan"
+   Pitcairn's "Criminal Trials of Scotland"
+Scott, Thomas
+  reported to be author of "Tales of my Landlord"
+Senior, Nassau,
+Sewell, Rev. W.,
+  his articles in _Q.R._ on Gladstone's "Church and State,"
+Shadwell, Vice-Chancellor,
+  on copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  on copyright of "Cain,"
+Sharpe, Charles K.,
+Sheffield, Lord,
+Shelley, Mrs.,
+  opinion of Croker's "Boswell's Johnson,"
+  on Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+Shelley's "Revolt of Islam,"
+  Southey's attack on,
+Sigourney, Mrs. L.H.,
+  on Murray's death,
+Smart, Theophilus,
+Smith, Horace and James,
+  "Rejected Addresses,"
+Smith, Sydney,
+  "Visitation Sermon,"
+Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
+Somerville, Mrs.,
+  her portrait,
+  opinion of Moore's "Life of Byron,"
+Somerville, Dr.,
+Sotheby, Wm.,
+Soult, Marshal,
+Southey, Robert
+  Jeffrey's boast about his "Excursion,"
+  asked by Scott to write for _Edin. Rev_.,
+  opinion of Jeffrey,
+  asked to contribute to the _Q.R._,
+  "Life of Nelson,"
+  "Madoc," "Thalaba," and "Curse of Kehama,"
+  constant contributor to _Q.R._,
+  his income diminished by failure of _Edinburgh Annual Register_,
+  opinion of "Calamities of Authors,"
+  intention about his own Memoirs,
+  portrait by Phillips,
+  asks Murray to employ Coleridge to translate Goethe's "Faust,"
+  "Wat Tyler" ruled by Chancellor to be seditious,
+  "History of Peninsular War,"
+  extracts from his letters to Murray,
+  "Book of the Church,"
+  literary work,
+  advice as to Gifford's successor,
+  "Life of John Bunyan,"
+  returned M.P. for Downton,
+  his _Q.R._ articles his chief means of support,
+  receives pension from Government,
+  his intellect failing,
+  his death,
+  had written ninety-four articles for _Q.R._, some of which are:
+    "Missionary Enterprise,"
+    "Life of Nelson,"
+    "Life and Achievements of Lord Wellington,"
+    "Parliamentary Reform,"
+    "Thomas Telford,"
+Southey, Mrs. (Southey's second wife),
+  on her husband's state,
+Spanish Colonies,
+  emancipation of,
+  effect on English money market,
+Stael, Madame de, _see_ De Stael.
+Starke, Mrs.,
+Stationers' Co. in 18th century,
+Sterling, John,
+  opinion of Mill's "Logic,"
+Stothard, Charles,
+Suffolk, Countess of,
+  "The Suffolk Papers,"
+Suliotes, the,
+
+Taylor, Henry,
+  "Isaac Comnenus,"
+  proposes to divide loss on his drama with Murray,
+  "Philip van Artevelde,"
+Talfourd, Serjeant,
+Teignmouth, Lord,
+Thackeray, W.M.,
+  his opinion of the "Suffolk Papers,"
+Thomson, Dr. Thomas,
+  article on Kidd's "Outlines of Mineralogy,"
+Thorwaldsen's bust of Byron,
+  statue of Byron,
+Ticknor, George,
+  impressions of Gifford,
+Tita (Byron's Gondolier),
+Tomline, Bishop,
+  "Life of William Pitt,"
+Townsend, Dr. George,
+"Trade Books" of 18th century,
+Turner, Dawson,
+Turner, Sharon,
+  retained by Longman,
+  Murray's staunch friend,
+  criticises _Q.R._ No. 1,
+  on "Austrian State Papers,"
+  opinion of Byron's "Sketch from Private Life,"
+  copyright of "Don Juan,"
+  poems declined by Murray,
+  advice
+  on Macirone's libel suit,
+  an injunction in the case of Mrs. Rundell's "Domestic Cookery,"
+  consulted by Isaac D'Israeli as to pamphlet on quarrel with Murray,
+  expostulates with Murray about Milman's "History of Jews,"
+  expression of his affection for Murray,
+Turner, Mrs. Sharon,
+Twiss, Horace,
+  "Life of the Earl of Eldon,"
+Tyndale,
+Tytler's "History of Scotland,"
+
+Underwood, T. and G.,
+
+Van Zuylen, Baron,
+Vere, Lady,
+Volunteers,
+  Review of, in Hyde Park--Murray an Ensign in 3rd Regiment of Royal
+London Volunteers,
+
+Waldegrave Memoirs,
+Waldie, Miss Jane (Mrs. Eaton),
+  "Letters from Italy,"
+Walker, C.E.,
+  "Wallace: a Historical Tragedy,"
+Walpole Memoirs,
+Walpole, Rev. R.,
+Walpole's "Castle of Otranto,"
+Weber, Henry,
+  Scott's amanuensis,
+  "Tales of the East,"
+Wellington, Duke of,
+  witness in Macirone's libel suit,
+  interest in the _Q.R._,
+  connection with Napier's "History of Peninsular War,"
+  "Despatches,"
+Whistlecraft, by J.H. Frere,
+Whitaker, Rev. John,
+White, Rev. J. Blanco,
+Wilkie, Sir David,
+  his journey to the East; paints the Sultan at Constantinople,
+  death off Gibraltar;
+  Turner's picture of his funeral at sea,
+Wilmot, Mrs. _see_ Dacre, Lady.
+Wilson, John (Christopher North)
+  connection with _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  article on "Childe Harold," Canto IV.,
+  a principal writer in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+  challenges anonymous author of "Hypocrisy Unveiled, etc.,"
+  "An Hour's Tete-a-Tete with the Public" in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+Wool, Rev. J.,
+  "Life of Joseph Wharton,"
+Wordsworth, William,
+Wright, Mr.,
+  his connection with the _Representative_,
+
+Young, Dr. Thomas,
+  his theory of light.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's A Publisher and His Friends, by Samuel Smiles
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