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Gen. 1. 25.</h4> + <hr /> + + <h3>NEW-YORK:<br /> + PRINTED AND SOLD BY SAMUEL WOOD,<br /> + At the Juvenile Book-store,<br /> + No. 357, Pearl-street.</h3> + + <h3>1813.</h3> + <hr /> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Observe the insect race, ordained to keep</p> + <p>The silent sabbath of a half year's sleep!</p> + <p>Entom'd beneath the filmy web they lie</p> + <p>And wait the influence of a kinder sky;</p> + <p>When vernal sunbeams pierce the dark retreat,</p> + <p>The heaving tomb distends with vital heat;</p> + <p>The full formed brood, impatient of their cell,</p> + <p>Start from their trance, and burst their silken shell.</p> + </div> + + <div class="author"> + BARBAULD. + </div> + </div> + <hr class="full" /> + + <ol> + <li><a href="#RULE4_1">THE HISTORY OF INSECTS.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_2">ELEPHANT-BEETLE.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_3">GRASSHOPPER.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_4">CRICKET.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_5">LOCUST.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_6">FLEA.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_7">LOUSE.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_8">ITCH ... MITE.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_9">SCORPION.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_10">ANTS.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_11">HONEY-BEE.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_12">DRAGON FLY.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_13">BUTTERFLY.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_14">SPIDER.</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_15">SILK WORM</a></li> + <li><a href="#RULE4_16">SAMUEL WOOD</a></li> + </ol> + <hr class="full" /> + <a name="RULE4_1" id="RULE4_1"><!-- RULE4 1 --></a> + + + + <h2>THE HISTORY OF INSECTS.</h2> + <hr /> + + <p>Insects are so called from a separation in the middle of their bodies, + seemingly cut into two parts, and joined together by a small ligature, as we + see in wasps and common flies.</p> + + <p>However small and contemptible this class of beings may appear, at first + thought, yet, when we come to reflect, and carefully investigate, we shall + be struck with wonder and astonishment, and shall discover, that the + smallest gnat that buzzes in the meadow, is as much a subject of admiration + as the largest elephant that ranges the forest, or the hugest whale which + ploughs the deep; and when we consider the least creature that we can + imagine, myriads of which are too small to be discovered without the help of + glasses, and that each of their bodies is made up of different organs or + parts, by which they receive or retain nourishment, &c. with the power + of action, how natural the exclamation, O "Lord, how manifold are thy works! + in wisdom hast thou made them all." Under these considerations, that they + are the work of the same great, good, and Almighty hand that formed us, and + that they are all capable of feeling pleasure and pain, surely every little + child, as well as older person, ought carefully to avoid every kind of + cruelty to any kind of creature, great or small.</p> + + <p>The supreme court of Judicature at Athens punished a boy for putting out + the eyes of a poor bird; and parents and masters should never overlook an + instance of cruelty to any thing that has life, however minute, and + seemingly contemptible the object may be.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p>"I would not enter on my list of friends</p> + <p>(Though grac'd with polish'd manners, and fine sense,</p> + <p>Yet wanting sensibility) the man</p> + <p>Who needlessly sets foot upon a worm."</p> + + <div class="author"> + COWPER. + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_2" id="RULE4_2"><!-- RULE4 2 --></a> + + + + <h2>ELEPHANT-BEETLE.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-2" id="image-2"><!-- Image 2 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0008.png"><img src="./images/0008b.png" width="300" height="136" + alt="Picture of an Elephant Beetle" /></a> + </div> + + <p>The elephant-beetle is the largest of this kind hitherto known, and is + found in South America, particularly in Guiana, about the rivers Surinam and + Oroonoko. It is of a black colour, and the whole body is covered with a + shell, full as thick and as strong as that of a small crab. There is one + preserved in the museum that measures more than six inches.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_3" id="RULE4_3"><!-- RULE4 3 --></a> + + + + <h2>GRASSHOPPER.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-3" id="image-3"><!-- Image 3 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0009.png"><img src="./images/0009b.png" width="300" height="136" + alt="Picture of a Grasshopper" /></a> + </div> + + <p>Grasshoppers are too common to need description, as they abound almost + wherever there is green grass. One summer only is their period of life; they + are hatched in the spring, and die in the fall; previous to which, they + deposite their eggs in the earth, which the genial warmth of the next season + brings to life. They are food for many of the feathered race.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_4" id="RULE4_4"><!-- RULE4 4 --></a> + + + + <h2>CRICKET.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-4" id="image-4"><!-- Image 4 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0010.png"><img src="./images/0010b.png" width="300" height="133" + alt="Picture of a Cricket" /></a> + </div> + + <p>There are two classes of crickets: viz. the field cricket, and the house + cricket; the latter inhabits warm places, the holes of the hearth, &c. + from whence we hear its notes, which are agreeable: it is said, that they + are purchased by some, and kept in a kind of cage, for the sake of their + music. Field crickets inhabit the meadows, and subsist on roots, &c. as + does another species, called the mole cricket.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_5" id="RULE4_5"><!-- RULE4 5 --></a> + + + + <h2>LOCUST.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-5" id="image-5"><!-- Image 5 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0011.png"><img src="./images/0011b.png" width="300" height="208" + alt="Picture of a Cricket" /></a> + </div> + + <p>There are different kinds of the locust; those we are acquainted with, in + this country, are represented in the above cut. In some seasons, they are + scarcely heard at all; in others, they are more numerous. About the middle + or latter part of summer, we hear them among the leaves of the trees: their + notes, which are continued about the space of one minute, are loud at the + beginning, and grow lower and lower, till they cease; when they immediately + fly to another tree, begin again, and end in the same way, and so on.</p> + + <p>In the eastern countries, a kind or kinds of locust, at different + periods, have been very numerous, and have done abundance of damage. In the + year 1650, a cloud of locusts entered Russia, in three different places; and + from thence spread over Poland and Lithuania; the air was darkened, and the + earth covered, in some places, to the depth of four feet; the trees bent + with heir weight, and the damage sustained exceeded computation. Locusts + were among the plagues of Egypt: sec Exodus, x. 15.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_6" id="RULE4_6"><!-- RULE4 6 --></a> + + + + <h2>FLEA.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-6" id="image-6"><!-- Image 6 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0013.png"><img src="./images/0013b.png" width="300" height="217" + alt="Picture of a Flea" /></a> + </div> + + <p>This very troublesome little animal multiplies very fast among old rags, + dirt, straw, and litter, where hogs, cats, or dogs sleep; and in the hair + and bristles of those creatures: therefore, as a means of avoiding such + unwelcome neighbours, in the springs the cleanly farmer scrapes up the + rubbish about his woodpile, and around his house and barn, and removes it + into his field, where it also repays him by manuring his lands. They abound + in warm countries, particularly in the southern parts of France and + Italy.</p> + + <p>When examined by a microscope, the flea is a pleasant object. The body is + curiously adorned with a suit of polished armour, neatly jointed, and beset + with a great number of sharp pins almost like the quills of a porcupine: it + has a small head, large eyes, two horns, or feelers, which proceed from the + head, and four long legs from the breast; they are very hairy and long, and + have several joints, which fold as it were one within another.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_7" id="RULE4_7"><!-- RULE4 7 --></a> + + + + <h2>LOUSE.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-7" id="image-7"><!-- Image 7 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0015.png"><img src="./images/0015b.png" width="300" height="217" + alt="Picture of a Louse" /></a> + </div> + + <p>These loathsome animals, however unwelcome, attend in troops, and add to + the afflictions of the unfortunate and lazy; but they are routed by the hand + of industry and cleanliness.</p> + + <p>In examining the louse with a microscope, its external deformity strikes + us with disgust. It has six feet, two eyes, and a sort of sting, proboscis, + or sucker, with which it pierces the skin, and sucks the blood. The skin of + the louse is hard and transparent, with here and there several bristly + hairs: at the end of each leg are two claws, by which it is enabled to lay + hold of the hairs, on which it climbs. There is scarcely any animal known to + multiply so fast as this unwelcome intruder: from an experiment of + Lieuenhoek, a louse in eight weeks, may see five thousand of its + descendants.</p> + + <p>Among the ancients, what is called the lousy disease was not uncommon: + Antiochus, Herod, and others are said to have died of this disorder.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_8" id="RULE4_8"><!-- RULE4 8 --></a> + + + + <h2>ITCH ... MITE ... CHEGO ... DEATHWATCH.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-8" id="image-8"><!-- Image 8 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0017.png"><img src="./images/0017b.png" width="300" height="218" + alt= + "Picture of four related insects: Itch, Mite, Chego, and Deathwatch" /></a> + </div> + + <p>There are many species of mites, beside the itch animal and mite above: + to the naked eye, they appear like moving particles of dust: but the + microscope discovers them to be perfect animals, having as regular a figure, + and performing all the functions of life as perfectly as creatures that + exceed them many times in bulk: their eggs are so small that a regular + computation shews that 90 millions of them are not so large as a common + Pigeon's egg.</p> + + <p>The Chego is a very small animal, about one fourth the size of a common + flea: it is very troublesome, in warm climates, to the poor blacks, such as + go barefoot, and the slovenly: it penetrates the skin, under which it lays a + bunch of eggs, which swell to the bigness of a small pea.</p> + + <p>The Deathwatch, of which there are two kinds, is an insect famous for a + ticking noise, like a watch, which superstitious people take for a presage + of death, in the family where it is heard.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_9" id="RULE4_9"><!-- RULE4 9 --></a> + + + + <h2>SCORPION.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-9" id="image-9"><!-- Image 9 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0019.png"><img src="./images/0019b.png" width="300" height="121" + alt="Picture of a Scorpion" /></a> + </div> + + <p>This is one of the largest of the insect tribe. It is met with in + different countries, and of various sizes, from two or three inches to + nearly a foot in length: it somewhat resembles a lobster, and casts its + skin, as the lobster does its shell.</p> + + <p>Scorpions are common in hot countries: they are very bold and watchful: + when any thing approaches, they erect their tails, and stand ready to + inflict the direful sting. In some parts of Italy and France, they are among + the greatest pests that plague mankind: they are very numerous, and are most + common in old houses, in dry or decayed walls, and among furniture, insomuch + that it is attended with, much danger to remove the same: their sting is + generally a very deadly poison, though not in all cases, owing to a + difference of malignity of different animals, or some other cause.</p> + + <p>In the time of the children of Israel, scorpions were a plague in Egypt + and Canaan, as appears by the sacred writings. See Deuteronomy, viii. 15, + and other passages.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_10" id="RULE4_10"><!-- RULE4 10 --></a> + + + + <h2>ANTS.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-10" id="image-10"><!-- Image 10 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0021.png"><img src="./images/0021b.png" width="300" height="229" + alt="Picture of some Ants" /></a> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>'Who can observe the faithful ant,</p> + <p>And not provide for future want.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>These little animals have been for ages considered as patterns of + industry: they were specially noticed by the wise king Solomon. He says, "go + to the ant, thou sluggard, consider her ways, and be wise." The ant lays + eggs in the manner of common flies; from these eggs are hatched small + maggots, or worms without legs; these, after a short time, change into large + white aureliae, or chrysales, which are usually called ant's eggs. When a + nest of these creatures is disturbed, however great their own danger, the + care they take of their offspring is remarkable: each takes in its foreceps, + a young one, often larger than itself and carries it off.</p> + + <p>These little insects form to themselves, with much industry and + application, of earth, sticks, leaves, &c. little hillocks, called + ant-hills, in the form of a cone: in these, they dwell, breed, and deposite + their stores: they are commonly built in woody places: the brushy plains on + Long-Island abound with them: they are from one to two feet in height.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_11" id="RULE4_11"><!-- RULE4 11 --></a> + + + + <h2>HONEY-BEE.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-11" id="image-11"><!-- Image 11 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0023.png"><img src="./images/0023b.png" width="300" height="219" + alt="Picture of a Honey Bee" /></a> + </div> + + <p>This is an extraordinary, curious, and remarkably industrious little + insect, to which mankind are indebted for one of the most palatable and + wholesome sweets which nature affords; and which was one of the choice + articles with which the promised land was said to abound.</p> + + <p>In every hive of bees, there are three kinds; the queen, the drones, and + the labourers: of these last, there are by far the greatest number: and as + cold weather approaches, they drive from the hives and destroy the drones, + that have not laboured in summer, and will not let them eat in winter. If + bees are examined through a glass hive, all appears at first like confusion: + but, on a more careful inspection, every animal is found regularly employed. + It is very delightful, when the maple and other trees are in bloom, or the + clover in the meadows, to be abroad and hear their busy hum.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>"Brisk as the busy bee among learning's flowers.</p> + <p>Employ thy youthful sunshine hours."</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_12" id="RULE4_12"><!-- RULE4 12 --></a> + + + + <h2>DRAGON FLY.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-12" id="image-12"><!-- Image 12 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0025.png"><img src="./images/0025b.png" width="300" height="221" + alt="Picture of a Dragon Fly" /></a> + </div> + + <p>Of these flies, which are called by many Spindles, there are various + species. They all have two very large eyes, covering the whole surface of + the head. They fly very swiftly, and prey upon the wing, clearing the air of + innumerable little flies. The great ones live about water, but the smaller + are common among hedges, and about gardens.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_13" id="RULE4_13"><!-- RULE4 13 --></a> + + + + <h2>BUTTERFLY.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-13" id="image-13"><!-- Image 13 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0026.png"><img src="./images/0026b.png" width="300" height="195" + alt="Picture of a Butterfly" /></a> + </div> + + <p>Of butterflies there are many kinds. How wonderful the various changes of + this class of insects! The butterflies lay their eggs: from these hatch out + worms or caterpillars, which change their skins several times, and, finally, + become aureliae, chrysales, or silkworms, out of which come the beautiful + butterflies.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_14" id="RULE4_14"><!-- RULE4 14 --></a> + + + + <h2>SPIDER.</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-14" id="image-14"><!-- Image 14 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0027.png"><img src="./images/0027b.png" width="300" height="215" + alt="Picture of a Spider" /></a> + </div> + + <p>There are many kinds of spiders; some of which are said to grow to such a + size that they will catch small birds: some are poisonous, but the greater + part are harmless, although to most people their looks are disgusting. The + web of a spider, which is a net for catching its prey, is an astonishing + piece of curiosity.</p> + <hr /> + <a name="RULE4_15" id="RULE4_15"><!-- RULE4 15 --></a> + + + + <h2>SILK WORM</h2> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-15" id="image-15"><!-- Image 15 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0028.png"><img src="./images/0028b.png" width="300" height="224" + alt="Picture of a Silk Worm" /></a> + </div> + + <p>The silk worm is a very valuable insect: it is produced from an egg of a + yellowish colour, about the size of a small pin's head, that is laid by a + moth, or butterfly. The above cut represents a male and female, and her + eggs, of which she lays several hundreds: the moths live but a few days; + they never eat, and die directly after the eggs are laid.</p> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-16" id="image-16"><!-- Image 16 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0029.png"><img src="./images/0029b.png" width="300" height="206" + alt="Another picture of a Silk Worm" /></a> + </div> + + <p>This cut shews the appearance of the worm, which at first is very small + and black. Its food is the leaves of the white mulberry: as it grows in + size, at four different periods, it apparently sickens, and changes its + skin, and finally, when full grown, it spins a ball of silk, called a cone, + or cocoon, the thread of which is about three hundred yards long: in the + centre of this ball the worm entombs itself, and experiences a change to a + state called an aurelia, or chrysallis, as seen below the ball: from this + aurelia, the moth that lays the eggs is hatched, and thus goes on the round + of this animal's changes, or transmigrations.</p> + + <p>They are natives of China, and were brought into Italy, above twelve + hundred years ago; from thence into Spain; afterwards into France; much + later into Germany and the northern countries; and some have been reared in + the United States of America.</p> + <hr class="full" /> + <a name="RULE4_16" id="RULE4_16"><!-- RULE4 16 --></a> + + + + <h2>SAMUEL WOOD</h2> + + <p>Hereby informs the good little Boys and Girls, both of city and country, + who love to read better than to play, that if they will please to call at + his JUVENILE BOOK-STORE, NO. 357, Pearl-street, New-York, it will be his + pleasure to furnish them with a great variety of pretty little books, with + neat nuts, calculated to afford to the young mind pleasing and useful + information. Besides many from Philadelphia, New Haven, and elsewhere, he + has nearly fifty kinds of his own printing, and proposes to enlarge the + number.</p> + + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-17" id="image-17"><!-- Image 17 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0032.jpg"><img src="./images/0032b.jpg" width="300" height="243" + alt="Illustration" /></a> + </div> + <div class="figure"> + <a name="image-18" id="image-18"><!-- Image 18 --></a> <a href= + "./images/0033.jpg"><img src="./images/0033b.jpg" width="300" height="242" + alt="Illustration" /></a> + </div> +<br /> +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10834 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |