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authorpgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org>2026-01-05 05:07:36 -0800
committerpgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org>2026-01-05 05:07:36 -0800
commitd19078871936cc93636a2522bfc5b71e68e1f746 (patch)
tree306fb09e210c0bf3dd5429ff947b1a8373b62977 /10615-h
parent6f1b9249846c6505e162b503bcb991b236fae121 (diff)
erratum 21033HEADmain
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diff --git a/10615-h/10615-h.htm b/10615-h/10615-h.htm
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--- a/10615-h/10615-h.htm
+++ b/10615-h/10615-h.htm
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
-"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
-<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
<head>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
-<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I., by John Locke</title>
-<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
-<style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">
-
-body { margin-left: 20%;
- margin-right: 20%;
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<title>An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I. | Project Gutenberg</title>
+<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" >
+<style>
+
+body { margin-left: 10%;
+ margin-right: 10%;
text-align: justify; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; font-weight:
@@ -70,42 +68,42 @@ a:hover {color:red}
<h1>An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding</h1>
-<h3>IN FOUR BOOKS</h3>
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 1.5em;">IN FOUR BOOKS</div>
<h2 class="no-break">By John Locke</h2>
<div class="fig" style="width:50%;">
-<img src="images/0001.jpg" alt="0001 " width="100%" />
+<img src="images/0001.jpg" alt="0001 " style="width: 100%">
</div>
<p class="center">
<i>Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire quod nescias, quam ista
-effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere!</i><br/>
+effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere!</i><br>
Cic. de Natur. Deor. <i>l</i>. 1.
</p>
<p class="center">
-LONDON:<br/>
+LONDON:<br>
Printed by Eliz. Holt, for Thomas Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, near
St. Dunstan’s Church.
</p>
<h3>MDCXC</h3>
-<hr />
+<hr >
<div class="chapter">
<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
-<table summary="" style="">
+<table>
<tr>
<td> <a href="#link2H_4_0001">THE EPISTLE TO THE READER</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
-<td> <a href="#link2H_4_0002">ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</a><br /><br /></td>
+<td> <a href="#link2H_4_0002">ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</a><br ><br ></td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ St. Dunstan’s Church.
</tr>
<tr>
-<td> <a href="#chap1.04">CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</a><br /><br /></td>
+<td> <a href="#chap1.04">CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</a><br ><br ></td>
</tr>
<tr>
@@ -266,7 +264,7 @@ St. Dunstan’s Church.
</table>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
@@ -363,13 +361,13 @@ Your Lordship’s most humble and most obedient servant,
2 Dorset Court, 24th of May, 1689
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="link2H_4_0001"></a>
+<h2><a id="link2H_4_0001"></a>
THE EPISTLE TO THE READER</h2>
<h3>READER,</h3>
@@ -824,29 +822,29 @@ which any one, if he thinks it worth while, may, with a very little labour,
transcribe into the margin of the former edition.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="link2H_4_0002"></a>
+<h2><a id="link2H_4_0002"></a>
ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</h2>
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="book01"></a>
-BOOK I<br/>
+<h2><a id="book01"></a>
+BOOK I<br>
NEITHER PRINCIPLES NOR IDEAS ARE INNATE</h2>
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap1.01"></a>
-CHAPTER I.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap1.01"></a>
+CHAPTER I.<br>
INTRODUCTION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -1056,14 +1054,14 @@ will satisfy him that they are in others.
Our first inquiry then shall be,&mdash;how they come into the mind.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap1.02"></a>
-CHAPTER II.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap1.02"></a>
+CHAPTER II.<br>
NO INNATE SPECULATIVE PRINCIPLES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -1813,14 +1811,14 @@ of knowledge and science are found not to be innate, no OTHER speculative
maxims can (I suppose), with better right pretend to be so.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap1.03"></a>
-CHAPTER III.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap1.03"></a>
+CHAPTER III.<br>
NO INNATE PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES</h2>
<p>
@@ -2621,14 +2619,14 @@ From what has been said, I think it past doubt, that there are no practical
principles wherein all men agree; and therefore none innate.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap1.04"></a>
-CHAPTER IV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap1.04"></a>
+CHAPTER IV.<br>
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</h2>
<p>
@@ -3376,24 +3374,24 @@ somewhat in the dark, without any other design than an unbiassed inquiry after
truth.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="book02"></a>
-BOOK II<br/>
+<h2><a id="book02"></a>
+BOOK II<br>
OF IDEAS</h2>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.01"></a>
-CHAPTER I.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.01"></a>
+CHAPTER I.<br>
OF IDEAS IN GENERAL, AND THEIR ORIGINAL.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4016,14 +4014,14 @@ affect our organs, the mind is forced to receive the impressions; and cannot
avoid the perception of those ideas that are annexed to them.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.02"></a>
-CHAPTER II.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.02"></a>
+CHAPTER II.<br>
OF SIMPLE IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4110,14 +4108,14 @@ there may be justly counted more;&mdash;but either supposition serves equally
to my present purpose.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.03"></a>
-CHAPTER III.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.03"></a>
+CHAPTER III.<br>
OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSE.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4201,14 +4199,14 @@ ingredients of our complex ideas; amongst which, I think, I may well account
solidity, which therefore I shall treat of in the next chapter.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.04"></a>
-CHAPTER IV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.04"></a>
+CHAPTER IV.<br>
IDEA OF SOLIDITY.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4390,14 +4388,14 @@ blind man’s mind by talking; and to discourse into him the ideas of light and
colours. The reason of this I shall show in another place.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.05"></a>
-CHAPTER V.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.05"></a>
+CHAPTER V.<br>
OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF DIVERS SENSES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4413,14 +4411,14 @@ occasion to speak more at large of these in another place, I here only
enumerate them.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.06"></a>
-CHAPTER VI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.06"></a>
+CHAPTER VI.<br>
OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF REFLECTION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4461,14 +4459,14 @@ REMEMBRANCE, DISCERNING, REASONING, JUDGING, KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, &amp;c., I shall
have occasion to speak hereafter.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.07"></a>
-CHAPTER VII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.07"></a>
+CHAPTER VII.<br>
OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF BOTH SENSATION AND REFLECTION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -4481,10 +4479,10 @@ ways of sensation and reflection, <i>viz</i>.
</p>
<p class="letter">
-<i>Pleasure</i> or <i>Delight</i>, and its opposite,<br/>
-<i>Pain</i>, or <i>Uneasiness;</i><br/>
-<i>Power;</i><br/>
-<i>Existence;</i><br/>
+<i>Pleasure</i> or <i>Delight</i>, and its opposite,<br>
+<i>Pain</i>, or <i>Uneasiness;</i><br>
+<i>Power;</i><br>
+<i>Existence;</i><br>
<i>Unity</i> mix with almost all our other Ideas.
</p>
@@ -4662,14 +4660,14 @@ stock is inexhaustible and truly infinite: and what a large and immense field
doth extension alone afford the mathematicians?
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.08"></a>
-CHAPTER VIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.08"></a>
+CHAPTER VIII.<br>
SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING OUR SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSATION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -5179,14 +5177,14 @@ may be called secondary qualities IMMEDIATELY PERCEIVABLE: the latter,
secondary qualities, MEDIATELY PERCEIVABLE.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.09"></a>
-CHAPTER IX.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.09"></a>
+CHAPTER IX.<br>
OF PERCEPTION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -5486,14 +5484,14 @@ mention only as my conjecture by the by; it being indifferent to the matter in
hand which way the learned shall determine of it.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.10"></a>
-CHAPTER X.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.10"></a>
+CHAPTER X.<br>
OF RETENTION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -5749,14 +5747,14 @@ themselves, should not make traces which they should follow, as well as those
of the pipe, is impossible to conceive.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.11"></a>
-CHAPTER XI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.11"></a>
+CHAPTER XI.<br>
OF DISCERNING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF THE MIND.</h2>
<p>
@@ -6119,14 +6117,14 @@ I proceed now to examine some of these simple ideas and their modes a little
more particularly.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.12"></a>
-CHAPTER XII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.12"></a>
+CHAPTER XII.<br>
OF COMPLEX IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -6277,14 +6275,14 @@ This I shall endeavour to show in the ideas we have of space, time, and
infinity, and some few others that seem the most remote, from those originals.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.13"></a>
-CHAPTER XIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.13"></a>
+CHAPTER XIII.<br>
COMPLEX IDEAS OF SIMPLE MODES:&mdash;AND FIRST, OF THE SIMPLE MODES OF IDEA OF
SPACE.</h2>
@@ -6937,14 +6935,14 @@ Till a man doth this in the primary and original notions of things, he builds
upon floating and uncertain principles, and will often find himself at a loss.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.14"></a>
-CHAPTER XIV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.14"></a>
+CHAPTER XIV.<br>
IDEA OF DURATION AND ITS SIMPLE MODES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -7632,14 +7630,14 @@ Sixthly, by considering any part of infinite duration, as set out by periodical
measures, we come by the idea of what we call TIME in general.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.15"></a>
-CHAPTER XV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.15"></a>
+CHAPTER XV.<br>
IDEAS OF DURATION AND EXPANSION, CONSIDERED TOGETHER.</h2>
<p>
@@ -7966,14 +7964,14 @@ great variety we do or can conceive, and may afford matter to further
speculation.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.16"></a>
-CHAPTER XVI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.16"></a>
+CHAPTER XVI.<br>
IDEA OF NUMBER.</h2>
<p>
@@ -8203,14 +8201,14 @@ apparent to the mind, is that, I think, which gives us the clearest and most
distinct idea of infinity: of which more in the following chapter.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.17"></a>
-CHAPTER XVII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.17"></a>
+CHAPTER XVII.<br>
OF INFINITY.</h2>
<p>
@@ -8708,7 +8706,7 @@ river where he stood:
</p>
<p class="poem">
-‘Rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis, at ille<br/>
+‘Rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis, at ille<br>
Labitur, et labetur in omne volubilis ævum.’
</p>
@@ -8804,14 +8802,14 @@ men, got the first ideas which they had of infinity from sensation and
reflection, in the method we have here set down.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.18"></a>
-CHAPTER XVIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.18"></a>
+CHAPTER XVIII.<br>
OTHER SIMPLE MODES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -8946,14 +8944,14 @@ species. This we shall have occasion hereafter to consider more at large, when
we come to speak of WORDS.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.19"></a>
-CHAPTER XIX.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.19"></a>
+CHAPTER XIX.<br>
OF THE MODES OF THINKING.</h2>
<p>
@@ -9058,14 +9056,14 @@ remission: but the essences of things are not conceived capable of any such
variation. But this by the by.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.20"></a>
-CHAPTER XX.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.20"></a>
+CHAPTER XX.<br>
OF MODES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN.</h2>
<p>
@@ -9315,14 +9313,14 @@ I rather made choice to instance in them, and show how the ideas we have of
them are derived from sensation or reflection.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.21"></a>
-CHAPTER XXI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.21"></a>
+CHAPTER XXI.<br>
OF POWER.</h2>
<p>
@@ -11254,14 +11252,14 @@ different ideas in us, but the different bulk, figure, number, texture, and
motion of its insensible parts.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.22"></a>
-CHAPTER XXII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.22"></a>
+CHAPTER XXII.<br>
OF MIXED MODES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -11559,14 +11557,14 @@ modes; how the mind comes by them; and that they are compositions made up of
simple ideas got from sensation and reflection; which I suppose I have done.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.23"></a>
-CHAPTER XXIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.23"></a>
+CHAPTER XXIII.<br>
OF OUR COMPLEX IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -12514,14 +12512,14 @@ whereby it has a fitness differently to operate, and be operated on by several
other substances.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.24"></a>
-CHAPTER XXIV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.24"></a>
+CHAPTER XXIV.<br>
OF COLLECTIVE IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.</h2>
<p>
@@ -12583,14 +12581,14 @@ art of composition, bring into one idea; as is visible in that signified by the
name UNIVERSE.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.25"></a>
-CHAPTER XXV.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.25"></a>
+CHAPTER XXV.<br>
OF RELATION.</h2>
<p>
@@ -12823,14 +12821,14 @@ EFFECT: the idea whereof, how derived from the two fountains of all our
knowledge, sensation and reflection, I shall in the next place consider.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.26"></a>
-CHAPTER XXVI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.26"></a>
+CHAPTER XXVI.<br>
OF CAUSE AND EFFECT, AND OTHER RELATIONS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -12997,14 +12995,14 @@ confined to, and terminate in ideas derived from sensation or reflection, is
too obvious to need any explication.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.27"></a>
-CHAPTER XXVII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.27"></a>
+CHAPTER XXVII.<br>
OF IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY.</h2>
<p>
@@ -13852,14 +13850,14 @@ EXISTENCE CONTINUED preserves it the SAME individual under the same
denomination.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.28"></a>
-CHAPTER XXVIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.28"></a>
+CHAPTER XXVIII.<br>
OF OTHER RELATIONS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -14375,14 +14373,14 @@ rule: yet I am not mistaken in the relation which that action bears to that
rule I compare it to, which is agreement or disagreement.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.29"></a>
-CHAPTER XXIX.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.29"></a>
+CHAPTER XXIX.<br>
OF CLEAR AND OBSCURE, DISTINCT AND CONFUSED IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -14793,14 +14791,14 @@ confused ideas, in our arguings and deductions from that part of them which is
confused, always leading us into confusion.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.30"></a>
-CHAPTER XXX.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.30"></a>
+CHAPTER XXX.<br>
OF REAL AND FANTASTICAL IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -14920,14 +14918,14 @@ much more are those complex ideas so, which contain in them any inconsistency
or contradiction of their parts.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.31"></a>
-CHAPTER XXXI.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.31"></a>
+CHAPTER XXXI.<br>
OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -15307,7 +15305,7 @@ no idea of substance in general, nor knows what substance is in itself.
</p>
<p>
-14. Ideas of Modes and Relations are Archetypes, and cannot be adequate.
+14. Ideas of Modes and Relations are Archetypes, and cannot but be adequate.
</p>
<p>
@@ -15322,14 +15320,14 @@ they do exist, have an exact conformity with those complex ideas The ideas,
therefore, of modes and relations cannot but be adequate.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.32"></a>
-CHAPTER XXXII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.32"></a>
+CHAPTER XXXII.<br>
OF TRUE AND FALSE IDEAS.</h2>
<p>
@@ -15834,14 +15832,14 @@ their patterns and archetypes then they are capable of being wrong, as far as
they disagree with such archetypes.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr >
</div><!--end chapter-->
<div class="chapter">
-<h2><a name="chap2.33"></a>
-CHAPTER XXXIII.<br/>
+<h2><a id="chap2.33"></a>
+CHAPTER XXXIII.<br>
OF THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS.</h2>
<p>