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| author | pgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org> | 2026-01-05 05:07:36 -0800 |
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| committer | pgww <pgww@lists.pglaf.org> | 2026-01-05 05:07:36 -0800 |
| commit | d19078871936cc93636a2522bfc5b71e68e1f746 (patch) | |
| tree | 306fb09e210c0bf3dd5429ff947b1a8373b62977 /10615-h | |
| parent | 6f1b9249846c6505e162b503bcb991b236fae121 (diff) | |
Diffstat (limited to '10615-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 10615-h/10615-h.htm | 288 |
1 files changed, 143 insertions, 145 deletions
diff --git a/10615-h/10615-h.htm b/10615-h/10615-h.htm index 3a92b6c..7e27898 100644 --- a/10615-h/10615-h.htm +++ b/10615-h/10615-h.htm @@ -1,15 +1,13 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" -"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> -<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I., by John Locke</title> -<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> -<style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> - -body { margin-left: 20%; - margin-right: 20%; +<meta charset="utf-8"> +<title>An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume I. | Project Gutenberg</title> +<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" > +<style> + +body { margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify; } h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; font-weight: @@ -70,42 +68,42 @@ a:hover {color:red} <h1>An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding</h1> -<h3>IN FOUR BOOKS</h3> +<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 1.5em;">IN FOUR BOOKS</div> <h2 class="no-break">By John Locke</h2> <div class="fig" style="width:50%;"> -<img src="images/0001.jpg" alt="0001 " width="100%" /> +<img src="images/0001.jpg" alt="0001 " style="width: 100%"> </div> <p class="center"> <i>Quam bellum est velle confiteri potius nescire quod nescias, quam ista -effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere!</i><br/> +effutientem nauseare, atque ipsum sibi displicere!</i><br> Cic. de Natur. Deor. <i>l</i>. 1. </p> <p class="center"> -LONDON:<br/> +LONDON:<br> Printed by Eliz. Holt, for Thomas Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, near St. Dunstan’s Church. </p> <h3>MDCXC</h3> -<hr /> +<hr > <div class="chapter"> <h2>CONTENTS</h2> -<table summary="" style=""> +<table> <tr> <td> <a href="#link2H_4_0001">THE EPISTLE TO THE READER</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td> <a href="#link2H_4_0002">ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</a><br /><br /></td> +<td> <a href="#link2H_4_0002">ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</a><br ><br ></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ St. Dunstan’s Church. </tr> <tr> -<td> <a href="#chap1.04">CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</a><br /><br /></td> +<td> <a href="#chap1.04">CHAPTER IV. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</a><br ><br ></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -266,7 +264,7 @@ St. Dunstan’s Church. </table> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> @@ -363,13 +361,13 @@ Your Lordship’s most humble and most obedient servant, 2 Dorset Court, 24th of May, 1689 </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="link2H_4_0001"></a> +<h2><a id="link2H_4_0001"></a> THE EPISTLE TO THE READER</h2> <h3>READER,</h3> @@ -824,29 +822,29 @@ which any one, if he thinks it worth while, may, with a very little labour, transcribe into the margin of the former edition. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="link2H_4_0002"></a> +<h2><a id="link2H_4_0002"></a> ESSAY CONCERNING HUMANE UNDERSTANDING.</h2> </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="book01"></a> -BOOK I<br/> +<h2><a id="book01"></a> +BOOK I<br> NEITHER PRINCIPLES NOR IDEAS ARE INNATE</h2> </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap1.01"></a> -CHAPTER I.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap1.01"></a> +CHAPTER I.<br> INTRODUCTION.</h2> <p> @@ -1056,14 +1054,14 @@ will satisfy him that they are in others. Our first inquiry then shall be,—how they come into the mind. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap1.02"></a> -CHAPTER II.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap1.02"></a> +CHAPTER II.<br> NO INNATE SPECULATIVE PRINCIPLES.</h2> <p> @@ -1813,14 +1811,14 @@ of knowledge and science are found not to be innate, no OTHER speculative maxims can (I suppose), with better right pretend to be so. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap1.03"></a> -CHAPTER III.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap1.03"></a> +CHAPTER III.<br> NO INNATE PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES</h2> <p> @@ -2621,14 +2619,14 @@ From what has been said, I think it past doubt, that there are no practical principles wherein all men agree; and therefore none innate. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap1.04"></a> -CHAPTER IV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap1.04"></a> +CHAPTER IV.<br> OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING INNATE PRINCIPLES, BOTH SPECULATIVE AND PRACTICAL.</h2> <p> @@ -3376,24 +3374,24 @@ somewhat in the dark, without any other design than an unbiassed inquiry after truth. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="book02"></a> -BOOK II<br/> +<h2><a id="book02"></a> +BOOK II<br> OF IDEAS</h2> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.01"></a> -CHAPTER I.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.01"></a> +CHAPTER I.<br> OF IDEAS IN GENERAL, AND THEIR ORIGINAL.</h2> <p> @@ -4016,14 +4014,14 @@ affect our organs, the mind is forced to receive the impressions; and cannot avoid the perception of those ideas that are annexed to them. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.02"></a> -CHAPTER II.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.02"></a> +CHAPTER II.<br> OF SIMPLE IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -4110,14 +4108,14 @@ there may be justly counted more;—but either supposition serves equally to my present purpose. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.03"></a> -CHAPTER III.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.03"></a> +CHAPTER III.<br> OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSE.</h2> <p> @@ -4201,14 +4199,14 @@ ingredients of our complex ideas; amongst which, I think, I may well account solidity, which therefore I shall treat of in the next chapter. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.04"></a> -CHAPTER IV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.04"></a> +CHAPTER IV.<br> IDEA OF SOLIDITY.</h2> <p> @@ -4390,14 +4388,14 @@ blind man’s mind by talking; and to discourse into him the ideas of light and colours. The reason of this I shall show in another place. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.05"></a> -CHAPTER V.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.05"></a> +CHAPTER V.<br> OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF DIVERS SENSES.</h2> <p> @@ -4413,14 +4411,14 @@ occasion to speak more at large of these in another place, I here only enumerate them. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.06"></a> -CHAPTER VI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.06"></a> +CHAPTER VI.<br> OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF REFLECTION.</h2> <p> @@ -4461,14 +4459,14 @@ REMEMBRANCE, DISCERNING, REASONING, JUDGING, KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, &c., I shall have occasion to speak hereafter. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.07"></a> -CHAPTER VII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.07"></a> +CHAPTER VII.<br> OF SIMPLE IDEAS OF BOTH SENSATION AND REFLECTION.</h2> <p> @@ -4481,10 +4479,10 @@ ways of sensation and reflection, <i>viz</i>. </p> <p class="letter"> -<i>Pleasure</i> or <i>Delight</i>, and its opposite,<br/> -<i>Pain</i>, or <i>Uneasiness;</i><br/> -<i>Power;</i><br/> -<i>Existence;</i><br/> +<i>Pleasure</i> or <i>Delight</i>, and its opposite,<br> +<i>Pain</i>, or <i>Uneasiness;</i><br> +<i>Power;</i><br> +<i>Existence;</i><br> <i>Unity</i> mix with almost all our other Ideas. </p> @@ -4662,14 +4660,14 @@ stock is inexhaustible and truly infinite: and what a large and immense field doth extension alone afford the mathematicians? </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.08"></a> -CHAPTER VIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.08"></a> +CHAPTER VIII.<br> SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING OUR SIMPLE IDEAS OF SENSATION.</h2> <p> @@ -5179,14 +5177,14 @@ may be called secondary qualities IMMEDIATELY PERCEIVABLE: the latter, secondary qualities, MEDIATELY PERCEIVABLE. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.09"></a> -CHAPTER IX.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.09"></a> +CHAPTER IX.<br> OF PERCEPTION.</h2> <p> @@ -5486,14 +5484,14 @@ mention only as my conjecture by the by; it being indifferent to the matter in hand which way the learned shall determine of it. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.10"></a> -CHAPTER X.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.10"></a> +CHAPTER X.<br> OF RETENTION.</h2> <p> @@ -5749,14 +5747,14 @@ themselves, should not make traces which they should follow, as well as those of the pipe, is impossible to conceive. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.11"></a> -CHAPTER XI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.11"></a> +CHAPTER XI.<br> OF DISCERNING, AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF THE MIND.</h2> <p> @@ -6119,14 +6117,14 @@ I proceed now to examine some of these simple ideas and their modes a little more particularly. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.12"></a> -CHAPTER XII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.12"></a> +CHAPTER XII.<br> OF COMPLEX IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -6277,14 +6275,14 @@ This I shall endeavour to show in the ideas we have of space, time, and infinity, and some few others that seem the most remote, from those originals. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.13"></a> -CHAPTER XIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.13"></a> +CHAPTER XIII.<br> COMPLEX IDEAS OF SIMPLE MODES:—AND FIRST, OF THE SIMPLE MODES OF IDEA OF SPACE.</h2> @@ -6937,14 +6935,14 @@ Till a man doth this in the primary and original notions of things, he builds upon floating and uncertain principles, and will often find himself at a loss. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.14"></a> -CHAPTER XIV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.14"></a> +CHAPTER XIV.<br> IDEA OF DURATION AND ITS SIMPLE MODES.</h2> <p> @@ -7632,14 +7630,14 @@ Sixthly, by considering any part of infinite duration, as set out by periodical measures, we come by the idea of what we call TIME in general. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.15"></a> -CHAPTER XV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.15"></a> +CHAPTER XV.<br> IDEAS OF DURATION AND EXPANSION, CONSIDERED TOGETHER.</h2> <p> @@ -7966,14 +7964,14 @@ great variety we do or can conceive, and may afford matter to further speculation. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.16"></a> -CHAPTER XVI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.16"></a> +CHAPTER XVI.<br> IDEA OF NUMBER.</h2> <p> @@ -8203,14 +8201,14 @@ apparent to the mind, is that, I think, which gives us the clearest and most distinct idea of infinity: of which more in the following chapter. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.17"></a> -CHAPTER XVII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.17"></a> +CHAPTER XVII.<br> OF INFINITY.</h2> <p> @@ -8708,7 +8706,7 @@ river where he stood: </p> <p class="poem"> -‘Rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis, at ille<br/> +‘Rusticus expectat dum defluat amnis, at ille<br> Labitur, et labetur in omne volubilis ævum.’ </p> @@ -8804,14 +8802,14 @@ men, got the first ideas which they had of infinity from sensation and reflection, in the method we have here set down. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.18"></a> -CHAPTER XVIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.18"></a> +CHAPTER XVIII.<br> OTHER SIMPLE MODES.</h2> <p> @@ -8946,14 +8944,14 @@ species. This we shall have occasion hereafter to consider more at large, when we come to speak of WORDS. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.19"></a> -CHAPTER XIX.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.19"></a> +CHAPTER XIX.<br> OF THE MODES OF THINKING.</h2> <p> @@ -9058,14 +9056,14 @@ remission: but the essences of things are not conceived capable of any such variation. But this by the by. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.20"></a> -CHAPTER XX.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.20"></a> +CHAPTER XX.<br> OF MODES OF PLEASURE AND PAIN.</h2> <p> @@ -9315,14 +9313,14 @@ I rather made choice to instance in them, and show how the ideas we have of them are derived from sensation or reflection. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.21"></a> -CHAPTER XXI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.21"></a> +CHAPTER XXI.<br> OF POWER.</h2> <p> @@ -11254,14 +11252,14 @@ different ideas in us, but the different bulk, figure, number, texture, and motion of its insensible parts. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.22"></a> -CHAPTER XXII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.22"></a> +CHAPTER XXII.<br> OF MIXED MODES.</h2> <p> @@ -11559,14 +11557,14 @@ modes; how the mind comes by them; and that they are compositions made up of simple ideas got from sensation and reflection; which I suppose I have done. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.23"></a> -CHAPTER XXIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.23"></a> +CHAPTER XXIII.<br> OF OUR COMPLEX IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.</h2> <p> @@ -12514,14 +12512,14 @@ whereby it has a fitness differently to operate, and be operated on by several other substances. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.24"></a> -CHAPTER XXIV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.24"></a> +CHAPTER XXIV.<br> OF COLLECTIVE IDEAS OF SUBSTANCES.</h2> <p> @@ -12583,14 +12581,14 @@ art of composition, bring into one idea; as is visible in that signified by the name UNIVERSE. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.25"></a> -CHAPTER XXV.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.25"></a> +CHAPTER XXV.<br> OF RELATION.</h2> <p> @@ -12823,14 +12821,14 @@ EFFECT: the idea whereof, how derived from the two fountains of all our knowledge, sensation and reflection, I shall in the next place consider. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.26"></a> -CHAPTER XXVI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.26"></a> +CHAPTER XXVI.<br> OF CAUSE AND EFFECT, AND OTHER RELATIONS.</h2> <p> @@ -12997,14 +12995,14 @@ confined to, and terminate in ideas derived from sensation or reflection, is too obvious to need any explication. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.27"></a> -CHAPTER XXVII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.27"></a> +CHAPTER XXVII.<br> OF IDENTITY AND DIVERSITY.</h2> <p> @@ -13852,14 +13850,14 @@ EXISTENCE CONTINUED preserves it the SAME individual under the same denomination. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.28"></a> -CHAPTER XXVIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.28"></a> +CHAPTER XXVIII.<br> OF OTHER RELATIONS.</h2> <p> @@ -14375,14 +14373,14 @@ rule: yet I am not mistaken in the relation which that action bears to that rule I compare it to, which is agreement or disagreement. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.29"></a> -CHAPTER XXIX.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.29"></a> +CHAPTER XXIX.<br> OF CLEAR AND OBSCURE, DISTINCT AND CONFUSED IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -14793,14 +14791,14 @@ confused ideas, in our arguings and deductions from that part of them which is confused, always leading us into confusion. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.30"></a> -CHAPTER XXX.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.30"></a> +CHAPTER XXX.<br> OF REAL AND FANTASTICAL IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -14920,14 +14918,14 @@ much more are those complex ideas so, which contain in them any inconsistency or contradiction of their parts. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.31"></a> -CHAPTER XXXI.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.31"></a> +CHAPTER XXXI.<br> OF ADEQUATE AND INADEQUATE IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -15307,7 +15305,7 @@ no idea of substance in general, nor knows what substance is in itself. </p> <p> -14. Ideas of Modes and Relations are Archetypes, and cannot be adequate. +14. Ideas of Modes and Relations are Archetypes, and cannot but be adequate. </p> <p> @@ -15322,14 +15320,14 @@ they do exist, have an exact conformity with those complex ideas The ideas, therefore, of modes and relations cannot but be adequate. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.32"></a> -CHAPTER XXXII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.32"></a> +CHAPTER XXXII.<br> OF TRUE AND FALSE IDEAS.</h2> <p> @@ -15834,14 +15832,14 @@ their patterns and archetypes then they are capable of being wrong, as far as they disagree with such archetypes. </p> -<hr /> +<hr > </div><!--end chapter--> <div class="chapter"> -<h2><a name="chap2.33"></a> -CHAPTER XXXIII.<br/> +<h2><a id="chap2.33"></a> +CHAPTER XXXIII.<br> OF THE ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS.</h2> <p> |
