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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10108 ***
+
+A Treatise Of Daunses, wherin it is shewed, that they are as it were
+accessories and dependants (or thynges annexed) to whoredome: where
+also by the way is touched and proued, that _Playes are ioyned and
+knit togeather in a rancke or rowe with them._
+
+I. Thessal. 5.
+
+_Let eurie one possesse his vessel in holines and honor._
+
+Anno 1581.
+
+A Treatise of Daunses, in which is shewed, that daunses bee
+intisementes to whoredome, and that the abuse of playes ought not to
+be among Christians.
+
+I Doubt not, but that some, into whose handes this little treatise
+shall come, will thinke me to be at greate leasure, that haue
+enterprised largely to leuie out and handle this argument: which to
+their seeming is not otherwise of great importaunce. For be it that
+daunses were allowed or condemned, or els yet they were putt in the
+rowe of thinges indifferent men might easily iudge according to their
+opinion, that that should not bring great profit or hurt to our
+christian common wealth, seeing that ther are diuers pointes of
+greater weight and consequence, which trouble the spirits of manye
+learned men, & make afraide the consciences of the weake and simple
+ones: which poyntes haue verye much nede to be opened and made plaine,
+rather then to trouble a mans selfe to write agaynst playes and
+daunses. Furthermore men should be in very great forwardnes, if euery
+thinge were so well refourmed, that they were come euen unto daunses,
+that is to say, that all that which is corrupted, and those abuses
+which beare the sway among Christians were so cut off, and this so
+sick a body againe so wel restored to his soundnes and health, that
+there should remayne nothing els but to debate the question of leaping
+skippings and daunses.
+
+Ther will be found an other manner & sort of people, who will make no
+accoumpte at all to mocke at this matter: as indeede the world is ful
+of mockers, and men without Godlines, without God, and without
+religion. Now as concerninge these persons, they deserue no manner of
+aunsweare at al, because they do as soone scoffe at the principall
+pointes of christian religion, and that which directly concerneth the
+seruice of God, as matters of lesse weight and importaunce. Wherefore
+I not much regarding or caringe for the iudgement of such iudges, will
+let them runne to the water with the bridle uppon their head, or in
+their necke, as they say. But as touchinge the first, because they bee
+not altogeather malicious and obstinate, I hope, that ha= uing
+aunsweared their obiections, and declared the reasons which haue
+moued, yea rather driuen me forward or inforsed mee to descipher and
+sett out this matter, they will iudge my labour not to haue bene
+altogeather unprofitable.
+
+It is then in the first place to bee wished and desired, that troubles
+beyng pacified, and all dissentions repressed, and put out, the
+spirits and consciences of men, should be assured and thorowly
+perswaded of that which appertaineth to their saluation. And indeede
+our Lorde hath stirred and raised up so perfect an age in al sciences
+& know= ledge, in which so many learned men, and of excellent learning
+and knowledge, haue so blessedly and diligently imployed them= selues
+to teach us the order and maner to liue well, some after one sort and
+fashion, and some after an other, that those which be not yet
+satisfyed, can not, or ought not, to lay the fault in any but in
+themselues.
+
+Next all good men ought to wishe and desire that those which put their
+hande to (this is to say trauaile for) the reformation of maners,
+should do it with such good argumentes, that there shoulde remayne, or
+be left, but euen a very litle to be corrected and amended. And yet
+this wish & desire should not let or hinder the trauaile of such as do
+indeuor to pull up by the rootes such herbes as be hurtful to the
+field of the Lord, be they neuer so small and little: and I do, or
+which thing I labour to do in this little boke according to the
+talente & graces which are geuen me from aboue.
+
+Adde also that if any do deeply & seasonably consider this matter, I
+hope he shal not finde it so barren and of little edification, that it
+ought to be dispised or troden under foote: for many men of quality
+(yea euen in the company of notable personages) of name and authority,
+make no conscience to demaunde and aske whether it be yll done to
+daunce, demaunding also a formall or playne parcell and text of
+Scripture, by which it may appeare that daunses be prohibited and
+forbidden, otherwise they think not that they do euill in
+daunsing. Some others goe further and alledging or rather indeede
+abusing some peece of the Scripture, where it appeareth that the
+faithfull haue leaped and daunsed: they thinke verily that they haue
+founde the beane in the cake, as though this were a proper couerture &
+cloke to couer the infection and filthines of their daunces.
+
+Seyng then that many be foulie & grosely deceaued in this behalfe, and
+that possible for want of beyng sufficiently instructed and informed
+or taught touching this matter, I haue bene so much the more willing
+to ease them in this question, by how much I hope to profit in common,
+that is, to do good to the greatest multitude, as also being willing
+hereby to satisfy some which haue earnestly and instantly required it
+at my handes.
+
+Now to answeare them which demaund and aske a playne peece or text of
+Scripture in which daunses should be forbidden, let them know that
+there be many wicked and euill thinges which are not euidently and
+playnly expressed in the Scripture, to be forbidden, notwithstanding
+they bee of the same kynd and nature, or else dependences of some
+thynges which are therein expressed, and under which they ought to be
+comprehended, or els when the contrary of these things is praised and
+commended, we are sufficiently taught and instructed to cast them
+away, as things condemned by the holy Ghost, because ther is one & the
+selfe same reason in contrary things.
+
+I will place, & put in the order or rowe of the first, playes and
+daunses: I meane such playes as by which man draweth or getteth to
+hymselfe, his neighboures money. It is true that wee fynd not in the
+Scripture these words. Thou shalt not play, but wee find indeede these
+wordes. Thou shale not steale: Now that to gayne or get an other mans
+money at play shoulde not be a most manifest & plaine thieuery: none
+of sound iudgement will denie it. For hee which hath wonne or gotten
+it, by what title or right can he say, that such money is his: Verily
+when we get or win the money, or the goods of our brother, it must be
+with the sweate of our face or browe, & that our laboure bringe him
+some profite, that is to be profitable unto him: and euen as we
+receaue his money or good: so must hee thorow our diligence and
+trauaile receaue some profite. But when a man hath gotten his money by
+the hazard or chaunce, as a man would say, of play, I pray you what
+commoditye and profite commeth to him thereby: we must then conclude,
+that this is a kind of theft: which although it be not playnly
+expressed in the holye scripture, yet neuertheles it ought to bee
+referred to the eight commaundement, in which it is sayd, Thou shalt
+not steale.
+
+The like is of daunses which wee may put in the first & second row or
+order. For although wee haue not any playne and expresse forbidding,
+where it should be sayd, Thou shalt not daunse, yet we haue a formall
+and plaine commaundement, Thou shalt not commit adultery, or
+whoredome: to which the daunses ought to be referred.  [Sidenote: A
+definition of daunses.]  Now if one would aske me what daunses were: I
+wil answeare, that considering the sway which they haue at this day
+amongest us Cristians, they bee nothing else but impudent, shameles,
+and dissolute gestures, by which the lust of the flesh is awaked,
+stirred by, and inflamed, as wel in men as in women. [Sidenote:
+Deut. 22. Titus. 2.]  Bat if honesty, modesty, and sobernes, be
+required in apparaile, & adorning of mens selues, as we see that it is
+commended and commaunded in Deuteronomie, & seing that S. Paule also
+in his epistle to Titus, willeth that there should be among us a sober
+and holy countenaunce, singularly and specially in women, which
+ordinarily be very curious in their garmentes, it is certayne and
+sure, that there is some poyson or venym hidden under the
+grasse. [Sidenote: I. Pet. 3.]  And because it is so, S. Peter in his
+first canonicall or generall epistle, forbiddeth that women should
+appeare, shew, and sett out themselues by theyr apparayle and
+neatnes. Add that in many other places of the sayd holy scripture, the
+diuersity and difference in attire and garmentes, is condemned, as
+prouoking to whoredome, and slipperines, by more stronge reason the
+dissolute and lewde gestures, which be practised by the proper and
+owne members of a mans bodye, ought to be cutt of, and banished from
+among christians. [Sidenote: Jud. 23.]  And S. Jude exhorteth us, to
+haue, yea and that in hatred the garment which is defiled by the
+flesh, meaning under this figure & manner of speech, all inticementes
+& allurements which might draw us to any pollution, uncleannes, and
+fylthynes: what ought we to iudge in the excellency (as a man woulde
+say) value and estimation of the flesh itselfe, which is so polluted
+and defyled, that it bringeth forth, and setteth out the pollution and
+filthines thereof, by villanous and dishonest gestures. [Sidenote:
+Ephe. 4. 29. Colos. 3.]  And when S. Paule in his epistles to the
+Ephesians and Colossians, forbiddeth us all corrupt, infected, and
+filthy speech, or woordes, is there not at the least as much, or as
+greate occasion: [Sidenote: The eies.]  yea more or greater to
+condemne dissolute and lewd gestures: for as concerning dishonest and
+unmeete woordes, they be gathered or receaued with our eares onely,
+but as for villanous & dishonest gestures, they be so many obiects, or
+thinges set before our eyes, as if one shoulde set before us a painted
+table, in which all villany infection, and filthines should be liuely
+pourtraited and set out. [Sidenote: Mat. 5.]  Now that the sighte of
+all our senses is it which hath most force & strength to make us
+incline to uncleannes and filthynes, I will haue none other iudge but
+our Lord himselfe, when he hath uttered and spoken with his mouth,
+that hee which hath cast his eye uppon his neighbours wife, for to
+couet, desyre, and with her is already a whoremonger in his hart:
+[Sidenote: I John. 2.]  behold also wherefore S. John in his first
+canonicall or generall epistle, putteth or ioyneth with the
+concupiscence or lust of the flesh, the concupiscence & lust of the
+eyes.  finally when S. Paule placeth or putteth sobernes, modestie,
+and temperaunce among the effects and fruites which the grace of God
+ought to bring forth in us, doth hee not sufficiently forbid all
+dissolutenes, lightnes, outrages, and disorders, as wel in our manners
+as in our gestures, & other manner of doings.
+
+But for as much as all the former argumentes are founded and grounded
+upon that definition of daunses, which I haue before geuen and made,
+and that some men might deny it me, we must answeare that which they
+haue bene accustomed to obiect against it. First of al I haue heard of
+some which denye daunses to be shamelesse and dissolute gestures,
+because that when they daunse, they do it not, but for a recreation of
+themselues and bodily exercise, yea that they use it as a certayne
+thing, which of itselfe is neither good nor euill. But let such people
+be answeared after this manner, that is to say, that their affection
+cannot so chaunge the nature of the thing, that it doth not alwaies
+kepe and hold fast, his proper or owne name. We see that if one enter
+or goe into a Brothel house, or Stewes, yea without affection or mind
+to commit whoredome ther, yet neuerthelesse the place shal not cease
+or leaue of to be called a stewes, or Brothell house. Likewise let
+them say, that in daunsing they haue not any shamelesse or vilanous
+mynde, & affection, which notwithstanding, may not well, easily, or
+lightly be beleeued, yet so it is, yet daunses cease not to be called
+shamelesse gestures.
+
+But what: The question is not onely of their persons, but of a thing,
+which ought not to be in any use among Christians.  And moreeuer this
+is not all, to haue respect or regard onely of a mans owne selfe, but
+we must loke also to our neighbours, who is he which dare assure or
+warrant him selfe & others, that when he daunseth, or after that he
+hath daunsed he hath not prevoked & stirred up the lust of the flesh
+in some one of the standers by: But yet it is so, the effect & sute
+declareth it, because that the daughter and sister of the County or
+Earle of A. was so enamoured or rauished with the loue of a very
+simple and base gentleman whom she had seene daunse in the courte, and
+it printed so wel, that is, toke such deepe impression and roote in
+her hart, and understanding, that against the will of Father and
+Mother, parentes and friends shee maried him. Now let us come to the
+poynt or matter, what prouoked this young gentlewoman beyng rych,
+wise, learned, fayre, & of good countenaunce to loue a base man, of
+litle discretion, unlearned, cockbrained, yea, which with great payne
+or much adoe knoweth to write his owne name, and besyde, or moreouer
+very deformed in face & countenaunce, if not to daunce onely, and to
+see in him some small experience & skill to runne at the ringe:
+
+Men will say, that shee shewed not hir wifedome, in that shee chose
+her husbande for daunsing onely: but what is that the flesh doth not
+intise and allure, with his snares & baytes: For albeit ther is so
+much difference betweene the two parties, as betweene fayre gold and
+leade, yea so much indeed yet by her wifedome shee kept him backe, or
+made him to refrayne from striking, fighting, slaying, and casting the
+house out at the windowes, as we say, for the least flee, which came
+before his eies: yet so it is, that he obtayned and got her by the
+meane abouesayde: notwithstanding if ther fell out no worse by
+daunsing, this were somewhat to be supported, or borne withall.
+
+But now if he reply, and say hee careth not or regardeth not, what
+other men think, seyng hee hath no maner of euil or naughty meaninge
+in himselfe. I answere, that here we see an offense geuen, and the
+very bond of loue broken and violated.
+
+For put the case, or graunt that daunsing were put & reckoned among
+things indifferent, in respect and consideration of it selfe, is it
+meete or dutifull that for an indifferent and light thing, a man
+should geue an occasion of falling or stumbling to his neighboure: But
+so farr of is it, that daunses should bee put in the rome and number
+of thinges indifferent, that euery one ought to make an accompt of
+them, and to holde them altogeather wicked, and unlawful: in so much
+that I send all them againe back to their owne consciences, which say,
+that in daunsing they haue not any impudent & shamelesse
+affection. For the thing beyng so vilanous, and so infected of his own
+nature, as daunsing is, it is impossible, that he which useth it,
+should not bee infected, neither more nor lesse: then it is impossible
+to touch any filthines, and not to bee once uncleane, infected, and
+defyled.
+
+[Sidenote: The beginning of daunses.]  And that it is so, let us
+somewhat, or a little serch and seeke out the beginning of daunses,
+and we shal fynd that men cannot geue them a better nor more apt and
+proper definition, then that which hath bene brought heretofore. For
+if wee would in this matter refer our selues to them, which haue
+written of the antiquities, as well of the Grecians as of the Romains,
+yea, and that to some Poets, wee shall fynd how that daunses haue
+taken their begynning, from Pagans and Heathen men, which haue then
+first used them, when they did sacrifyce to their Gods. For beeing
+plunged into very thick, & as it were palpable dark nesses, after that
+they had forged and advised Gods according to their owne fantasy, they
+thought and supposed that they should bee delighted and pleased, with
+the selfe same delightes and pleasures, wherein, or wherewith they
+delighted themselues.
+
+Whereupon wee neede not doubt hereof, but that it was the deuil which
+did guide and leade them, whom al superstition, false religion, and
+erronious doctrine pleaseth, aboue all thinges, speciallye when such a
+toy and trifle is accompanied with al wantonnesse and villanie. Now
+that such manner of doing, that is to say, custome of Pagans and
+heathen men, hath bene followed and practiced, by the children of
+Israel, after that hauing sacrificed to the golden calf; they gaue
+themselues to play, the scripture assureth us thereof, in the
+ii. chapter of Exodus.
+
+Afterward men began to daunce in open playes, spectacles, and shewes,
+from which notwithstanding the people were driuen, prohibited, and
+forbidden, for feare lest they should be constrained there to behold
+and see, an unhonest, and unseemly thinge, for their fere or
+kynd. Afterwarde when in a small space of tyme all honesty and shame
+did begin, to vanish and weare away, then mens daughters and women
+were admitted and receaued to daunses: and yet withall it is true,
+that this was a part by themselues, and in priuie places.
+
+Finally a short time after, men haue so far disordered themselues, and
+broken the bondes and limits of honesty, that men & women haue daunsed
+togeather, or as wee would say, in mingle mangle, and namely and
+specially in feastes and banquets, in so much that we see, that this
+wicked and ungodlye custome, hath stretched forth it selfe euen unto
+us, and hath yet, or already the sway at this daye, more then euer it
+had.
+
+Beholde the beginninge of daunses, togeather with their fruits and
+properties, which if they be well considered, and deeply waighed by
+sound and rype understandinge, it will not, or shall not bee thought
+straunge & maruailous, that I condemne them, hauing indeede on my syde
+as well the authority of the doctors of the Church, as of the fathers
+which were found or present at certayne auncient, and olde councels.
+
+[Sidenote: Augustine against Petilian cap. 6.]  Saint Augustine in his
+booke agaynst Petilian, speaketh in this manner: The Byshops haue
+always accustomed to represse and beate downe vayne and wanton
+daunses: but there are at this day some, which are found in daunses,
+yea, and they themselues daunse with women, so farre of is it, that
+they reproue, correct, or amend such a greate vice.
+
+[Sidenote: Augustine uppon the 32. psa.]  And uppon the thirtie and
+two psalme, he condemneth also, or lykewyse the daunces which be had
+or used on the Sondaies or Lordes dayes.
+
+[Sidenote: Chrisos. in the 26 homily upon Gen.]  Saint John
+Chrisostome in the fiftie & sixt homily uppon the booke of Genesis,
+intreatinge or speaking of the mariage of Jacob, doth very much
+condemne daunsescalling them diuilish.
+
+[Sidenote: Chrisos. in the 48. homily upon Gen.]  [Sidenote:
+Chrisos. in 14. chap. of S. Mat.]  The like is founde in the fourty
+and eighte Homily. And upon the fourteenth chapiter of Saint Mathew,
+speakinge of the daunsynge of Salome, the Daughter of Herodias, hee
+sayth, that when a wanton daunsynge is hadde, or used, the Deuill,
+daunseth by and by, or altogeather.
+
+[Sidenote: In the 53. cannon.]  In the counsell of Laodicea, which was
+holden in the yeare 368. ther was a cannon made, in these proper
+tearmes, or wordes.  It must be not admitted that the Christians,
+which either goe or come to mariages, leape or daunse, but that
+chastlye & soberly they sup or dyne, and as it is seemly and
+conuenient for christians. Likewise in the yeare 676. there was holden
+& kept the sixt councell of Constantinople, where daunses were
+forbidden, principally to women as greatly hurtfull.
+
+[Sidenote: In the canon 22.]  The third councel of Toletum, condemneth
+the peruerse and wicked custome of suche people which occupied
+themselues in vile and infected daunses: and aboue all uppon the
+Sondayes, and holy dayes when they should haue imployed themselues in
+the seruice of God.
+
+[Sidenote: Article 23.]  According to these Canons, there was made by
+the estates lately holden at Orleans, in the young age or minority of
+Charles the 9. an article, in which, amongest other thinges all iudges
+are forbidden to permit or suffer any publicke daunses, uppon the
+sondayes, and other solonme holy dayes.
+
+But in the first place it were to be desired, and wished, that this
+ordinance might be straitly obserued and kept. Secondlye, that it were
+more generall, that is to say, that it did wholly and altogeather
+forbidd daunses, as wicked and unlawful thinges: for if we be
+Christians indeede, we ought not to suffer, that some pore and blinde
+Pagans should surmount and ouercome us in honesty & modesty. We fynd
+that amongest the Romains, they which were ouermuch geuen to
+daunsinge, caried, or bare with them so greate a note or marke of
+infamy, & sklaunder, that they oftentimes accounted and estemed them
+unworthy to exercise or haue a publicke and honorable office: as
+appeareth by the censure, punishment, and correction, of Domitian,
+who, for thys only cause, cast out of the Senate a citizen of Rome, as
+unmeete, and unworthy of such a degree of honor. Saluit in his Oration
+against Catilina, speaking of a certaine woman, named Sempronia,
+sayeth that shee could daunse more delicately and fynely, then did
+appertaine to an honest and good woman. Cicero much reprocheth and
+upbraydeth, yea and constantly obiecteth, to Gabinius the studying and
+practisinge of daunses, as an infamous thing. He both like in his
+Philippickes agaynst Antonius, and in the oration of Durena, he sayth
+that a sober man neuer daunseth, neither a part or priuily, neyther in
+an honest & moderate banquet, unlesse perhaps hee be unwyse, or out of
+his wit.
+
+[Sidenote: Daunsers are folish & senseles persons.]  Varro writeth,
+that Scipio was wont to say, that there was no difference at all
+betweene a furious, outragious, or mad man and a daunser, sauing that
+this man, that is to say, the daunser was then onely mad when he
+daunsed, and the other was so all his life long. From thence commeth
+the Latine prouerbe, that daunsers play the fooles, or wantons, but it
+is with measure.
+
+Here wee euidently and playnly see, in what estimation and regard
+daunses were among Pagans and infidels, which trulye could not iudge
+otherwise therof, I speake of them which had the best and more sound
+iudgement, and which were able to weigh and consider, as well the
+daunses themselues, as their so pretious fruites, and excellent
+effectes. For if it be, yet after feastes and banquets, men commonly
+set, or geue themselues to daunse, and after that men be full of wyne
+and good meates, they bee then prouoked & pricked forwarde, by the
+prickes of the flesh, to what end serue such manner of gestures, if
+not, to make manifest & set out their intemperency. Now if men would
+refer it, or bringe it to bodily exercise, this would be very folishly
+done. For the body of her owne health, requireth not to be so shaken,
+tossed, and as a man woulde say, hunted after meate, for feare to
+hinder digestion, as the Phisition placed it amonge their rules of
+diet. Moreouer seeing yet men may exercise themselues in many other
+maners and sortes of exercises, hee, as mee thinketh openly sheweth,
+yet he hath not modesty, nor temperance, nor his health it selfe in
+estimation, yet is, he estemeth & regardeth not. &c. which choseth
+daunsing for his exercise. Daunses then were neuer heretofore
+otherwise accounted of, nether be at this present otherwise thought
+of, then mere vilany, & a most certaine, plaine, and evident testimony
+of the filthines & intemperancy of them which delighted themselues
+therin. Now, that so it is, the Prouerbe sayeth, De la panse, vient la
+Danse: from the panch commeth the daunce: [Sidenote: Math. 14.
+Mark. 6] And if we durst ioine therto whoredom their elder daughter,
+we shal find that she followeth after immediately.  which thing we
+shall easily fynd, if we consider the most ordinary & common effectes
+of daunsing. what was the cause that Herode so lightly promised, to
+that goodlye daunser Salome, the daughter of Herodias, euen the one
+halfe of his Realme, and kingdome, but that by her vilanous, and
+shameles daunsing, shee had stirred up and set on fyre his
+concupiscence and lust who was already a villanous adulterer, and
+infamous whoremonger, so that the delighte and pleasure which he take
+therin, provoked him to be willing to make so excessiue and
+unmeasurable a recompence: Moreouer let us marke more narrowly in
+Genesis, that which is written of Dina the daughter of Jacob, and we
+shall find that daunses were partly the cause of her rauishing, or
+deflouring. For albeit, that in that place, there is no expresse
+mention made of daunses, yet so it is, that when it is sayde, that
+Dina went to see the daughters of the countrey or land, there is some
+appearance and likelihod that the daughters had this custome, to
+assemble themselues togeather in daunse, and that to the end, that in
+shewing the nimblenes of their body, their bewty, and wery conceyts,
+they might bee coveted and desyred of young men, as indeede Dina was
+by Sichem. And in this our tyme and age, do not men daily see many
+such thinges, which daunses bring with them: The example by mee
+heretofore brought forth and alleged, ought to serue for an example to
+all great lords, to withdraw their daughters from such baites.  But
+setting all the rest aside, do wee not see that duncing hath cost,
+this holy man, and great prophet of God so deare, that it hath taken
+away from him the head from aboue his shoulders.
+
+By the way or meane of daunsing, the children of Israell, were willing
+to geue honour to an ydole, to a calfe of Gold, to a dead thing, and
+which they themselues had molten & framed after the imitation & manner
+of Pagans, which in such a sort & fashion serued their gods. Bee not
+these things sufficient to make a man flie daunses, & to prouoke a
+christian man to haue them in abomination, & to abhore them as things
+which haue ordinarilye, and commonlye serued to idolatry, and haue
+prouoked to whoredome, and haue chaunged and altered many daughters of
+good house and stocke, from the loue and fauour of their parentes, and
+finally haue caused infinite murthers: murthers I say, for in all the
+3 peeces of Scripture before alledged, we euer fynd ther the death of
+some. In the daunse before Herod the death of John Baptist. In the
+rape or rauishing of Dina, Sichem, his father, & all his sobiectes,
+died there. In the worshipping of the golden calfe, where the children
+of Israel daunsed and leaped so nimblie, cherefully, & merily, before
+that their belly was full, there died then aboute three thousande in
+recompence of their ioy and gladnes. If then we would consider the
+issues, and effectes, which come from daunses, & the fayre or goodly
+fruites which they bring forth, we would neuer thinke, but that the
+heares would stand upright upon our very heades when the question is
+of daunsing.
+
+It remaineth now to answeare them, who would serue themselues with
+certaine parcels and peeces of the scripture, in which mention is
+made, that the faithfull people haue daunsed. [Sidenote: Exo. 15 20.]
+First they alledge that which is written in Exodus, that Mary the
+prophetesse, the sister of Aaron, who after that God had ouerwhelmed
+and drowned Pharao & his army in the red sea, toke a taberet in hir
+hand, & being attended, or waited upon by other women, song with them
+a songe to the lord: as also Moses, and the children of Israel song
+another.
+
+The like is founde in the booke of Samuel, after that Dauid had slaine
+Goliath, that many women came out of all the townes of Israel singing
+and daunsing before King Saule, with tabours, rebeckes, and other
+instrumentes of harmonie, or musicke.
+
+But when these which loue to leape and daunse, seeing there is here
+spoken not only of daunses, but also of taberets and other musicall
+instrumentes, do thinke that they are already in the hall of leapinge
+or skipping, and do daunse according to the note and measures that the
+Minstrels and Pipers wil sound or play to them: inferringe that the
+holy scripture before alleged maketh for them, and that by it daunses
+are approued, they are indeede fouly deceaued and very farre of from
+their reckoninge, because that reckoning without the host, it was
+meete for them to reckon twyse.
+
+For it is most certaine that there is as much difference betweene
+their daunses, and those which holy men haue used, as there is betwene
+mariage and fornication.  I meane betweene chastity & whoredome.  And
+euen as it is no maner of way permitted or suffered to committe
+whoredome, so our daunses and the usage of them may not be allowed nor
+receiued. But to cut it short, that is to say, to be short, wee can
+not gather that any appearaunce or shew of euil, or any signe of
+watonnes or dissolutenes, was euer found in the daunses of holy men,
+but altogeather contrariwise, they therein behaued themselues with
+such honor, fear, and reuerence towardes God, the whole matter it
+selfe beyng accompanied, with so great honesty and sobernesse, as
+nothinge more. And in which mens deede 3. pointes are to be considered
+and marked, which can not be at any hand found in the Prophane and
+wicked daunses of our tyme.
+
+First the occasions which thrust them forwarde to do it, was such a
+great ioy which they had conceaued of the fauoure which God had shewed
+to them, that they coulde not conceale, or kepe hidden, but needes
+must manifest it, & let it abroad, by all the meanes and wayes that
+they could inuent or deuise. [Sidenote: Psal. 68.]  Which thinge also
+Dauid declareth in the sixty and eight psalme, saying, the Lord hath
+geuen an argument, occasion or matter unto the women, who also haue
+song accordingly: It was then a solomne (as a man would say) or
+publicke thankes geuing, which they rendred, or gaue unto God, singing
+or setting forth him to be the author of their deliuerance. What
+fellowship, agreement, or likenes, can there bee, between the daunce
+of these holy fathers, and these which wee behold nowe at this day
+among christians. Is it a question when men daunce to acknowledge or
+confesse the graces & goodnesses of God, to thanke him therfore,
+reioicing themselues in him: When the lusty and fyne man should holde
+a young damosel, or a woman by the hand, and keeping his measures he
+shal remoue himselfe, whirle about, & shake his legges alofte (which
+the daunsers call crosse capring) for pleasure, doth not she in the
+meane while make a good threede, playing at the Moris on her behalfe:
+but I pray you: what can ther by there of God, of his worde, of of
+honestye in such folishnes: I holde my tounge, that is, I speake
+nothing of their wordes, amorous deuises, or deuises of loue, wanton
+communications or speeches or markes only knowen to the Ladye, or
+Gentlewoman. It is true, that a man will say to me, that he must
+reioyce and be mery, which thing also I graunt, but yet not with a
+worldly, dissolute, and leuse ioy.
+
+The seconde pointe is, that euen as the people of Israell were
+instructed in the seruice of God by very many cerimonies, and outward
+manners or fashions, so when they would honor him, and geue him some
+duety which they did owe, they did not content themselues to do it
+with the harte, and with the mouth, but by and by they added, and
+ioyned there withall some outwarde gestures, to witnes that, which was
+within. Euen unto this present or hetherto we haue founde very little
+affinitye or agreement betweene the daunses of the auncient
+patriarches, and of good and religious people, and these, which we use
+at this present, or in these dayes.
+
+It is certaine and true, that the daunsers of our tyme would very
+fayne make themselues equall with them, and be in the selfe same
+degree of honor: sauing notwithstanding, that they content not them
+selues to haue a shameles and villanous harte, but they will also
+discouer and lay open their own shame & villany, by dissolute
+gestures.
+
+The third and last poynt sheweth us the fashion of the nations or
+people of the East, the outward gestures, and custome receaued among
+them, contrary herein to the westerne people. The reason is because
+euery nation hath alwayes some proper and particuler inclination,
+which another hath not. Moreouer those which draw nigh unto the East
+and South, are by reason of the heate, mor easie to moue themselues,
+and consequently to make or shew gestures, then they are which be in
+the East, or North who by reason of the cold be more heauy & weighty:
+From whence it commeth, that the Italian in his communications or
+speeches, but especially if he speake with an affection or good hart,
+intermingleth and useth so many gestures, that if an English man
+should see him a farre of, not hearing his words, would iudge him out
+of his wit or els playing some comedy upon a scaffold.
+
+Let a man on the other side beholde an Almain or Germain in the
+Pulpit, and hee would thinke him benummed, and impotent, or lame in
+all his members or partes, of his bodie.
+
+And to confirme this, lett us beholde and call to remembraunce, how
+the auncient Romains were remoued farr from the opinion and mind of
+the Greks. These, that is the Greekes, esteemed daunsing verye much,
+and all these which knew howe to helpe and comfort themselues with an
+instrument of musicke. The other, that is the Romains made very small
+account of both daunsyngs, and lesse of the daunsers themselues. Here
+appeareth the difference of Climates, and of such as dwell under those
+climates. From thence it commeth that the people of the East partes
+did breake and rent in peeces their garmentes when they had
+understanding of euil newes. Wherefore they did lye weltering and
+tumblinge upon the ground, put on sackcloth, put on ashes, or dust
+upon their heads, yea then, when they pretended to shew some
+repentance, and to manifest or set out an inward greefe: all which
+thinges would bee founde, and thought rediculous, foolish, and to bee
+laughed at amonge nations & peoples, on this side of them: And if that
+women should take tabourets in their handes, as we read that the women
+of Israel haue done: would not men thinke that they were out of their
+witt: which notwihstanding was not found in thought straung among the
+Israelites, because this was the custome of the nation and people. It
+is true, that a man may also referr the tabourets & other instrumentes
+of musicke to the ceremonies of Moyses law: which ceremonies haue bene
+abolished at the comming of Jesus Christ, in so much that at this day
+where we are under the Gospell, wee must use the same more soberly,
+and sparingly, & with greater modesty: but all that, hath nothinge
+common with the daunses of this present time or age.
+
+These three poyntes being dispatched we fynd and see cleerely, what
+affinity & agreement there is, betweene these twoo maners of
+daunses. [Sidenote: 2. Sam. 6.]  Our daunsers do yet further alledge
+an other parcel or peece of the scripture written in the booke of the
+Kinges, where it is said, that Dauid leaped and daunsed before the
+Arke of the Lord. [Sidenote: Mark this you that folowe daunsing
+scholes.]  But so far of is it, that this serueth them to mayntayne
+their daunses, that I would not wish to haue a more proper, fitt,
+playne, and agreeable place to confute them.  For if Dauid hath had a
+like affection in his daunse, as they haue in theirs, that is to say,
+to please the gentlewoman and Ladies, as our daunsers endeuor, studye
+& deuise to please their minions and flattering dames, Michol his
+wife, had neuer mocked him. He might then haue daunsed more
+pleasantly, and after a fashion more agreeable to the flesh: and for
+trueth, hee might haue done it beyng light or nimble by nature, and
+able or meete to do al thinges.
+
+But the answeare which he made his wife Michol, very well declareth,
+that hee pretended or purposed no other thinge but to set out by
+outward gestures, the greatnes of the ioy which he had conceaued in
+his harte, because of the presence of God.  This was (sayd he) before
+the Lord which I haue done in this behalfe: it appeareth by this
+aunsweare, that his affection was not in or on the world, and that he
+cared not much for the iudgement of Michol, and of all other
+worldlings, because he would not please them, nor satisfy or feede
+their fine and goodly eyes, by his daunsing. Wherfore we must conclude
+that Dauid condemneth the worldlines of his wife, and such other as
+shee: yea in that that shee was punished by barrennes, which followed
+theruppon. It is an evident argument, that God approued or allowed the
+doing and saying of the Prophet.
+
+[Sidenote: Note you that delight in your art of daunsing] Now if al
+they, which make daunsinge their god, would imprint this in their hart
+and understanding, they should receaue & use the same, rather to their
+condemnation, then to be so much without aforehead, that is to say,
+shameles, that they woulde abuse the scripture, to couer their
+uncleannes & infection. For this is a most detestable & abhominable
+sacriledge, to make the unspeakeable truth of God to serue our wicked
+and most shamefull affections. Adde thereunto that he will greeuously
+& sharply punish all such scoffers, and prodigall persons which do so
+much prophane the maiesty and excellency of his name, and that
+diuinity, which is contayned and expressed in the holy scriptures.
+[Sidenote: Isa. 5.20.]  Moreouer, when we so disguise and chaunge the
+nature of thinges that we call good euil, and the euil good, we ought
+to assure our selues of the curse of God, pronounced by the prophet
+Isaiah, saynge: cursed (sayth he) be they, which say that euil is
+good, and that good is euil, which put darknes for light, and light
+for darknes, which geue sowre thinges for sweete, and sweete for sower
+& bytter. [Sidenote: Daunses not indifferent.]  But I demaund or aske
+now, whether they which allow daunses, and place them among
+indifferent things, do not call good euil, and euil good: and by
+consequent do not inflame and kindle the wrath of God upon them
+themselues, and al their fautors or fauourers.
+
+All which thinges beyng considered, I hope that diuers knowing what
+euil, and mischief there is in daunses, will giue them ouer and cast
+them away, thinking or supposing, that in that, that thei haue
+retained & fauoured them, euen unto this present, they haue rather
+done it thorowe ignoraunce, than thorowe stubburnesse or selfe
+will. But as concerning others, whiche will preseuer and continue in
+their dissolutnes and loosenesse, the Lord withdraw and plucke them
+therefrom, when it pleaseth him, least they incurre or runne headlong
+into his wrath and vengeance, which hangeth ouer their heads, for that
+they haue obstinatelie and stubburnlie gainesaide and withstood, so
+manifest & plaine a truth.  * * *
+
+Prayse be to GOD.
+
+[Stamp: Lambeth Palace Library]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Treatise Of Daunses, by Anonymous
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10108 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Treatise Of Daunses, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
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+
+Title: A Treatise Of Daunses
+       Wherin It Is Shewed, That They Are As It Were Accessories And
+       Dependants (Or Thynges Annexed) To Whoredome, (1581)
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: November 17, 2003 [EBook #10108]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TREATISE OF DAUNSES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Greg Lindahl
+
+
+
+
+A Treatise Of Daunses, wherin it is shewed, that they are as it were
+accessories and dependants (or thynges annexed) to whoredome: where
+also by the way is touched and proued, that _Playes are ioyned and
+knit togeather in a rancke or rowe with them._
+
+I. Thessal. 5.
+
+_Let eurie one possesse his vessel in holines and honor._
+
+Anno 1581.
+
+A Treatise of Daunses, in which is shewed, that daunses bee
+intisementes to whoredome, and that the abuse of playes ought not to
+be among Christians.
+
+I Doubt not, but that some, into whose handes this little treatise
+shall come, will thinke me to be at greate leasure, that haue
+enterprised largely to leuie out and handle this argument: which to
+their seeming is not otherwise of great importaunce. For be it that
+daunses were allowed or condemned, or els yet they were putt in the
+rowe of thinges indifferent men might easily iudge according to their
+opinion, that that should not bring great profit or hurt to our
+christian common wealth, seeing that ther are diuers pointes of
+greater weight and consequence, which trouble the spirits of manye
+learned men, & make afraide the consciences of the weake and simple
+ones: which poyntes haue verye much nede to be opened and made plaine,
+rather then to trouble a mans selfe to write agaynst playes and
+daunses. Furthermore men should be in very great forwardnes, if euery
+thinge were so well refourmed, that they were come euen unto daunses,
+that is to say, that all that which is corrupted, and those abuses
+which beare the sway among Christians were so cut off, and this so
+sick a body againe so wel restored to his soundnes and health, that
+there should remayne nothing els but to debate the question of leaping
+skippings and daunses.
+
+Ther will be found an other manner & sort of people, who will make no
+accoumpte at all to mocke at this matter: as indeede the world is ful
+of mockers, and men without Godlines, without God, and without
+religion. Now as concerninge these persons, they deserue no manner of
+aunsweare at al, because they do as soone scoffe at the principall
+pointes of christian religion, and that which directly concerneth the
+seruice of God, as matters of lesse weight and importaunce. Wherefore
+I not much regarding or caringe for the iudgement of such iudges, will
+let them runne to the water with the bridle uppon their head, or in
+their necke, as they say. But as touchinge the first, because they bee
+not altogeather malicious and obstinate, I hope, that ha= uing
+aunsweared their obiections, and declared the reasons which haue
+moued, yea rather driuen me forward or inforsed mee to descipher and
+sett out this matter, they will iudge my labour not to haue bene
+altogeather unprofitable.
+
+It is then in the first place to bee wished and desired, that troubles
+beyng pacified, and all dissentions repressed, and put out, the
+spirits and consciences of men, should be assured and thorowly
+perswaded of that which appertaineth to their saluation. And indeede
+our Lorde hath stirred and raised up so perfect an age in al sciences
+& know= ledge, in which so many learned men, and of excellent learning
+and knowledge, haue so blessedly and diligently imployed them= selues
+to teach us the order and maner to liue well, some after one sort and
+fashion, and some after an other, that those which be not yet
+satisfyed, can not, or ought not, to lay the fault in any but in
+themselues.
+
+Next all good men ought to wishe and desire that those which put their
+hande to (this is to say trauaile for) the reformation of maners,
+should do it with such good argumentes, that there shoulde remayne, or
+be left, but euen a very litle to be corrected and amended. And yet
+this wish & desire should not let or hinder the trauaile of such as do
+indeuor to pull up by the rootes such herbes as be hurtful to the
+field of the Lord, be they neuer so small and little: and I do, or
+which thing I labour to do in this little boke according to the
+talente & graces which are geuen me from aboue.
+
+Adde also that if any do deeply & seasonably consider this matter, I
+hope he shal not finde it so barren and of little edification, that it
+ought to be dispised or troden under foote: for many men of quality
+(yea euen in the company of notable personages) of name and authority,
+make no conscience to demaunde and aske whether it be yll done to
+daunce, demaunding also a formall or playne parcell and text of
+Scripture, by which it may appeare that daunses be prohibited and
+forbidden, otherwise they think not that they do euill in
+daunsing. Some others goe further and alledging or rather indeede
+abusing some peece of the Scripture, where it appeareth that the
+faithfull haue leaped and daunsed: they thinke verily that they haue
+founde the beane in the cake, as though this were a proper couerture &
+cloke to couer the infection and filthines of their daunces.
+
+Seyng then that many be foulie & grosely deceaued in this behalfe, and
+that possible for want of beyng sufficiently instructed and informed
+or taught touching this matter, I haue bene so much the more willing
+to ease them in this question, by how much I hope to profit in common,
+that is, to do good to the greatest multitude, as also being willing
+hereby to satisfy some which haue earnestly and instantly required it
+at my handes.
+
+Now to answeare them which demaund and aske a playne peece or text of
+Scripture in which daunses should be forbidden, let them know that
+there be many wicked and euill thinges which are not euidently and
+playnly expressed in the Scripture, to be forbidden, notwithstanding
+they bee of the same kynd and nature, or else dependences of some
+thynges which are therein expressed, and under which they ought to be
+comprehended, or els when the contrary of these things is praised and
+commended, we are sufficiently taught and instructed to cast them
+away, as things condemned by the holy Ghost, because ther is one & the
+selfe same reason in contrary things.
+
+I will place, & put in the order or rowe of the first, playes and
+daunses: I meane such playes as by which man draweth or getteth to
+hymselfe, his neighboures money. It is true that wee fynd not in the
+Scripture these words. Thou shalt not play, but wee find indeede these
+wordes. Thou shale not steale: Now that to gayne or get an other mans
+money at play shoulde not be a most manifest & plaine thieuery: none
+of sound iudgement will denie it. For hee which hath wonne or gotten
+it, by what title or right can he say, that such money is his: Verily
+when we get or win the money, or the goods of our brother, it must be
+with the sweate of our face or browe, & that our laboure bringe him
+some profite, that is to be profitable unto him: and euen as we
+receaue his money or good: so must hee thorow our diligence and
+trauaile receaue some profite. But when a man hath gotten his money by
+the hazard or chaunce, as a man would say, of play, I pray you what
+commoditye and profite commeth to him thereby: we must then conclude,
+that this is a kind of theft: which although it be not playnly
+expressed in the holye scripture, yet neuertheles it ought to bee
+referred to the eight commaundement, in which it is sayd, Thou shalt
+not steale.
+
+The like is of daunses which wee may put in the first & second row or
+order. For although wee haue not any playne and expresse forbidding,
+where it should be sayd, Thou shalt not daunse, yet we haue a formall
+and plaine commaundement, Thou shalt not commit adultery, or
+whoredome: to which the daunses ought to be referred.  [Sidenote: A
+definition of daunses.]  Now if one would aske me what daunses were: I
+wil answeare, that considering the sway which they haue at this day
+amongest us Cristians, they bee nothing else but impudent, shameles,
+and dissolute gestures, by which the lust of the flesh is awaked,
+stirred by, and inflamed, as wel in men as in women. [Sidenote:
+Deut. 22. Titus. 2.]  Bat if honesty, modesty, and sobernes, be
+required in apparaile, & adorning of mens selues, as we see that it is
+commended and commaunded in Deuteronomie, & seing that S. Paule also
+in his epistle to Titus, willeth that there should be among us a sober
+and holy countenaunce, singularly and specially in women, which
+ordinarily be very curious in their garmentes, it is certayne and
+sure, that there is some poyson or venym hidden under the
+grasse. [Sidenote: I. Pet. 3.]  And because it is so, S. Peter in his
+first canonicall or generall epistle, forbiddeth that women should
+appeare, shew, and sett out themselues by theyr apparayle and
+neatnes. Add that in many other places of the sayd holy scripture, the
+diuersity and difference in attire and garmentes, is condemned, as
+prouoking to whoredome, and slipperines, by more stronge reason the
+dissolute and lewde gestures, which be practised by the proper and
+owne members of a mans bodye, ought to be cutt of, and banished from
+among christians. [Sidenote: Jud. 23.]  And S. Jude exhorteth us, to
+haue, yea and that in hatred the garment which is defiled by the
+flesh, meaning under this figure & manner of speech, all inticementes
+& allurements which might draw us to any pollution, uncleannes, and
+fylthynes: what ought we to iudge in the excellency (as a man woulde
+say) value and estimation of the flesh itselfe, which is so polluted
+and defyled, that it bringeth forth, and setteth out the pollution and
+filthines thereof, by villanous and dishonest gestures. [Sidenote:
+Ephe. 4. 29. Colos. 3.]  And when S. Paule in his epistles to the
+Ephesians and Colossians, forbiddeth us all corrupt, infected, and
+filthy speech, or woordes, is there not at the least as much, or as
+greate occasion: [Sidenote: The eies.]  yea more or greater to
+condemne dissolute and lewd gestures: for as concerning dishonest and
+unmeete woordes, they be gathered or receaued with our eares onely,
+but as for villanous & dishonest gestures, they be so many obiects, or
+thinges set before our eyes, as if one shoulde set before us a painted
+table, in which all villany infection, and filthines should be liuely
+pourtraited and set out. [Sidenote: Mat. 5.]  Now that the sighte of
+all our senses is it which hath most force & strength to make us
+incline to uncleannes and filthynes, I will haue none other iudge but
+our Lord himselfe, when he hath uttered and spoken with his mouth,
+that hee which hath cast his eye uppon his neighbours wife, for to
+couet, desyre, and with her is already a whoremonger in his hart:
+[Sidenote: I John. 2.]  behold also wherefore S. John in his first
+canonicall or generall epistle, putteth or ioyneth with the
+concupiscence or lust of the flesh, the concupiscence & lust of the
+eyes.  finally when S. Paule placeth or putteth sobernes, modestie,
+and temperaunce among the effects and fruites which the grace of God
+ought to bring forth in us, doth hee not sufficiently forbid all
+dissolutenes, lightnes, outrages, and disorders, as wel in our manners
+as in our gestures, & other manner of doings.
+
+But for as much as all the former argumentes are founded and grounded
+upon that definition of daunses, which I haue before geuen and made,
+and that some men might deny it me, we must answeare that which they
+haue bene accustomed to obiect against it. First of al I haue heard of
+some which denye daunses to be shamelesse and dissolute gestures,
+because that when they daunse, they do it not, but for a recreation of
+themselues and bodily exercise, yea that they use it as a certayne
+thing, which of itselfe is neither good nor euill. But let such people
+be answeared after this manner, that is to say, that their affection
+cannot so chaunge the nature of the thing, that it doth not alwaies
+kepe and hold fast, his proper or owne name. We see that if one enter
+or goe into a Brothel house, or Stewes, yea without affection or mind
+to commit whoredome ther, yet neuerthelesse the place shal not cease
+or leaue of to be called a stewes, or Brothell house. Likewise let
+them say, that in daunsing they haue not any shamelesse or vilanous
+mynde, & affection, which notwithstanding, may not well, easily, or
+lightly be beleeued, yet so it is, yet daunses cease not to be called
+shamelesse gestures.
+
+But what: The question is not onely of their persons, but of a thing,
+which ought not to be in any use among Christians.  And moreeuer this
+is not all, to haue respect or regard onely of a mans owne selfe, but
+we must loke also to our neighbours, who is he which dare assure or
+warrant him selfe & others, that when he daunseth, or after that he
+hath daunsed he hath not prevoked & stirred up the lust of the flesh
+in some one of the standers by: But yet it is so, the effect & sute
+declareth it, because that the daughter and sister of the County or
+Earle of A. was so enamoured or rauished with the loue of a very
+simple and base gentleman whom she had seene daunse in the courte, and
+it printed so wel, that is, toke such deepe impression and roote in
+her hart, and understanding, that against the will of Father and
+Mother, parentes and friends shee maried him. Now let us come to the
+poynt or matter, what prouoked this young gentlewoman beyng rych,
+wise, learned, fayre, & of good countenaunce to loue a base man, of
+litle discretion, unlearned, cockbrained, yea, which with great payne
+or much adoe knoweth to write his owne name, and besyde, or moreouer
+very deformed in face & countenaunce, if not to daunce onely, and to
+see in him some small experience & skill to runne at the ringe:
+
+Men will say, that shee shewed not hir wifedome, in that shee chose
+her husbande for daunsing onely: but what is that the flesh doth not
+intise and allure, with his snares & baytes: For albeit ther is so
+much difference betweene the two parties, as betweene fayre gold and
+leade, yea so much indeed yet by her wifedome shee kept him backe, or
+made him to refrayne from striking, fighting, slaying, and casting the
+house out at the windowes, as we say, for the least flee, which came
+before his eies: yet so it is, that he obtayned and got her by the
+meane abouesayde: notwithstanding if ther fell out no worse by
+daunsing, this were somewhat to be supported, or borne withall.
+
+But now if he reply, and say hee careth not or regardeth not, what
+other men think, seyng hee hath no maner of euil or naughty meaninge
+in himselfe. I answere, that here we see an offense geuen, and the
+very bond of loue broken and violated.
+
+For put the case, or graunt that daunsing were put & reckoned among
+things indifferent, in respect and consideration of it selfe, is it
+meete or dutifull that for an indifferent and light thing, a man
+should geue an occasion of falling or stumbling to his neighboure: But
+so farr of is it, that daunses should bee put in the rome and number
+of thinges indifferent, that euery one ought to make an accompt of
+them, and to holde them altogeather wicked, and unlawful: in so much
+that I send all them againe back to their owne consciences, which say,
+that in daunsing they haue not any impudent & shamelesse
+affection. For the thing beyng so vilanous, and so infected of his own
+nature, as daunsing is, it is impossible, that he which useth it,
+should not bee infected, neither more nor lesse: then it is impossible
+to touch any filthines, and not to bee once uncleane, infected, and
+defyled.
+
+[Sidenote: The beginning of daunses.]  And that it is so, let us
+somewhat, or a little serch and seeke out the beginning of daunses,
+and we shal fynd that men cannot geue them a better nor more apt and
+proper definition, then that which hath bene brought heretofore. For
+if wee would in this matter refer our selues to them, which haue
+written of the antiquities, as well of the Grecians as of the Romains,
+yea, and that to some Poets, wee shall fynd how that daunses haue
+taken their begynning, from Pagans and Heathen men, which haue then
+first used them, when they did sacrifyce to their Gods. For beeing
+plunged into very thick, & as it were palpable dark nesses, after that
+they had forged and advised Gods according to their owne fantasy, they
+thought and supposed that they should bee delighted and pleased, with
+the selfe same delightes and pleasures, wherein, or wherewith they
+delighted themselues.
+
+Whereupon wee neede not doubt hereof, but that it was the deuil which
+did guide and leade them, whom al superstition, false religion, and
+erronious doctrine pleaseth, aboue all thinges, speciallye when such a
+toy and trifle is accompanied with al wantonnesse and villanie. Now
+that such manner of doing, that is to say, custome of Pagans and
+heathen men, hath bene followed and practiced, by the children of
+Israel, after that hauing sacrificed to the golden calf; they gaue
+themselues to play, the scripture assureth us thereof, in the
+ii. chapter of Exodus.
+
+Afterward men began to daunce in open playes, spectacles, and shewes,
+from which notwithstanding the people were driuen, prohibited, and
+forbidden, for feare lest they should be constrained there to behold
+and see, an unhonest, and unseemly thinge, for their fere or
+kynd. Afterwarde when in a small space of tyme all honesty and shame
+did begin, to vanish and weare away, then mens daughters and women
+were admitted and receaued to daunses: and yet withall it is true,
+that this was a part by themselues, and in priuie places.
+
+Finally a short time after, men haue so far disordered themselues, and
+broken the bondes and limits of honesty, that men & women haue daunsed
+togeather, or as wee would say, in mingle mangle, and namely and
+specially in feastes and banquets, in so much that we see, that this
+wicked and ungodlye custome, hath stretched forth it selfe euen unto
+us, and hath yet, or already the sway at this daye, more then euer it
+had.
+
+Beholde the beginninge of daunses, togeather with their fruits and
+properties, which if they be well considered, and deeply waighed by
+sound and rype understandinge, it will not, or shall not bee thought
+straunge & maruailous, that I condemne them, hauing indeede on my syde
+as well the authority of the doctors of the Church, as of the fathers
+which were found or present at certayne auncient, and olde councels.
+
+[Sidenote: Augustine against Petilian cap. 6.]  Saint Augustine in his
+booke agaynst Petilian, speaketh in this manner: The Byshops haue
+always accustomed to represse and beate downe vayne and wanton
+daunses: but there are at this day some, which are found in daunses,
+yea, and they themselues daunse with women, so farre of is it, that
+they reproue, correct, or amend such a greate vice.
+
+[Sidenote: Augustine uppon the 32. psa.]  And uppon the thirtie and
+two psalme, he condemneth also, or lykewyse the daunces which be had
+or used on the Sondaies or Lordes dayes.
+
+[Sidenote: Chrisos. in the 26 homily upon Gen.]  Saint John
+Chrisostome in the fiftie & sixt homily uppon the booke of Genesis,
+intreatinge or speaking of the mariage of Jacob, doth very much
+condemne daunsescalling them diuilish.
+
+[Sidenote: Chrisos. in the 48. homily upon Gen.]  [Sidenote:
+Chrisos. in 14. chap. of S. Mat.]  The like is founde in the fourty
+and eighte Homily. And upon the fourteenth chapiter of Saint Mathew,
+speakinge of the daunsynge of Salome, the Daughter of Herodias, hee
+sayth, that when a wanton daunsynge is hadde, or used, the Deuill,
+daunseth by and by, or altogeather.
+
+[Sidenote: In the 53. cannon.]  In the counsell of Laodicea, which was
+holden in the yeare 368. ther was a cannon made, in these proper
+tearmes, or wordes.  It must be not admitted that the Christians,
+which either goe or come to mariages, leape or daunse, but that
+chastlye & soberly they sup or dyne, and as it is seemly and
+conuenient for christians. Likewise in the yeare 676. there was holden
+& kept the sixt councell of Constantinople, where daunses were
+forbidden, principally to women as greatly hurtfull.
+
+[Sidenote: In the canon 22.]  The third councel of Toletum, condemneth
+the peruerse and wicked custome of suche people which occupied
+themselues in vile and infected daunses: and aboue all uppon the
+Sondayes, and holy dayes when they should haue imployed themselues in
+the seruice of God.
+
+[Sidenote: Article 23.]  According to these Canons, there was made by
+the estates lately holden at Orleans, in the young age or minority of
+Charles the 9. an article, in which, amongest other thinges all iudges
+are forbidden to permit or suffer any publicke daunses, uppon the
+sondayes, and other solonme holy dayes.
+
+But in the first place it were to be desired, and wished, that this
+ordinance might be straitly obserued and kept. Secondlye, that it were
+more generall, that is to say, that it did wholly and altogeather
+forbidd daunses, as wicked and unlawful thinges: for if we be
+Christians indeede, we ought not to suffer, that some pore and blinde
+Pagans should surmount and ouercome us in honesty & modesty. We fynd
+that amongest the Romains, they which were ouermuch geuen to
+daunsinge, caried, or bare with them so greate a note or marke of
+infamy, & sklaunder, that they oftentimes accounted and estemed them
+unworthy to exercise or haue a publicke and honorable office: as
+appeareth by the censure, punishment, and correction, of Domitian,
+who, for thys only cause, cast out of the Senate a citizen of Rome, as
+unmeete, and unworthy of such a degree of honor. Saluit in his Oration
+against Catilina, speaking of a certaine woman, named Sempronia,
+sayeth that shee could daunse more delicately and fynely, then did
+appertaine to an honest and good woman. Cicero much reprocheth and
+upbraydeth, yea and constantly obiecteth, to Gabinius the studying and
+practisinge of daunses, as an infamous thing. He both like in his
+Philippickes agaynst Antonius, and in the oration of Durena, he sayth
+that a sober man neuer daunseth, neither a part or priuily, neyther in
+an honest & moderate banquet, unlesse perhaps hee be unwyse, or out of
+his wit.
+
+[Sidenote: Daunsers are folish & senseles persons.]  Varro writeth,
+that Scipio was wont to say, that there was no difference at all
+betweene a furious, outragious, or mad man and a daunser, sauing that
+this man, that is to say, the daunser was then onely mad when he
+daunsed, and the other was so all his life long. From thence commeth
+the Latine prouerbe, that daunsers play the fooles, or wantons, but it
+is with measure.
+
+Here wee euidently and playnly see, in what estimation and regard
+daunses were among Pagans and infidels, which trulye could not iudge
+otherwise therof, I speake of them which had the best and more sound
+iudgement, and which were able to weigh and consider, as well the
+daunses themselues, as their so pretious fruites, and excellent
+effectes. For if it be, yet after feastes and banquets, men commonly
+set, or geue themselues to daunse, and after that men be full of wyne
+and good meates, they bee then prouoked & pricked forwarde, by the
+prickes of the flesh, to what end serue such manner of gestures, if
+not, to make manifest & set out their intemperency. Now if men would
+refer it, or bringe it to bodily exercise, this would be very folishly
+done. For the body of her owne health, requireth not to be so shaken,
+tossed, and as a man woulde say, hunted after meate, for feare to
+hinder digestion, as the Phisition placed it amonge their rules of
+diet. Moreouer seeing yet men may exercise themselues in many other
+maners and sortes of exercises, hee, as mee thinketh openly sheweth,
+yet he hath not modesty, nor temperance, nor his health it selfe in
+estimation, yet is, he estemeth & regardeth not. &c. which choseth
+daunsing for his exercise. Daunses then were neuer heretofore
+otherwise accounted of, nether be at this present otherwise thought
+of, then mere vilany, & a most certaine, plaine, and evident testimony
+of the filthines & intemperancy of them which delighted themselues
+therin. Now, that so it is, the Prouerbe sayeth, De la panse, vient la
+Danse: from the panch commeth the daunce: [Sidenote: Math. 14.
+Mark. 6] And if we durst ioine therto whoredom their elder daughter,
+we shal find that she followeth after immediately.  which thing we
+shall easily fynd, if we consider the most ordinary & common effectes
+of daunsing. what was the cause that Herode so lightly promised, to
+that goodlye daunser Salome, the daughter of Herodias, euen the one
+halfe of his Realme, and kingdome, but that by her vilanous, and
+shameles daunsing, shee had stirred up and set on fyre his
+concupiscence and lust who was already a villanous adulterer, and
+infamous whoremonger, so that the delighte and pleasure which he take
+therin, provoked him to be willing to make so excessiue and
+unmeasurable a recompence: Moreouer let us marke more narrowly in
+Genesis, that which is written of Dina the daughter of Jacob, and we
+shall find that daunses were partly the cause of her rauishing, or
+deflouring. For albeit, that in that place, there is no expresse
+mention made of daunses, yet so it is, that when it is sayde, that
+Dina went to see the daughters of the countrey or land, there is some
+appearance and likelihod that the daughters had this custome, to
+assemble themselues togeather in daunse, and that to the end, that in
+shewing the nimblenes of their body, their bewty, and wery conceyts,
+they might bee coveted and desyred of young men, as indeede Dina was
+by Sichem. And in this our tyme and age, do not men daily see many
+such thinges, which daunses bring with them: The example by mee
+heretofore brought forth and alleged, ought to serue for an example to
+all great lords, to withdraw their daughters from such baites.  But
+setting all the rest aside, do wee not see that duncing hath cost,
+this holy man, and great prophet of God so deare, that it hath taken
+away from him the head from aboue his shoulders.
+
+By the way or meane of daunsing, the children of Israell, were willing
+to geue honour to an ydole, to a calfe of Gold, to a dead thing, and
+which they themselues had molten & framed after the imitation & manner
+of Pagans, which in such a sort & fashion serued their gods. Bee not
+these things sufficient to make a man flie daunses, & to prouoke a
+christian man to haue them in abomination, & to abhore them as things
+which haue ordinarilye, and commonlye serued to idolatry, and haue
+prouoked to whoredome, and haue chaunged and altered many daughters of
+good house and stocke, from the loue and fauour of their parentes, and
+finally haue caused infinite murthers: murthers I say, for in all the
+3 peeces of Scripture before alledged, we euer fynd ther the death of
+some. In the daunse before Herod the death of John Baptist. In the
+rape or rauishing of Dina, Sichem, his father, & all his sobiectes,
+died there. In the worshipping of the golden calfe, where the children
+of Israel daunsed and leaped so nimblie, cherefully, & merily, before
+that their belly was full, there died then aboute three thousande in
+recompence of their ioy and gladnes. If then we would consider the
+issues, and effectes, which come from daunses, & the fayre or goodly
+fruites which they bring forth, we would neuer thinke, but that the
+heares would stand upright upon our very heades when the question is
+of daunsing.
+
+It remaineth now to answeare them, who would serue themselues with
+certaine parcels and peeces of the scripture, in which mention is
+made, that the faithfull people haue daunsed. [Sidenote: Exo. 15 20.]
+First they alledge that which is written in Exodus, that Mary the
+prophetesse, the sister of Aaron, who after that God had ouerwhelmed
+and drowned Pharao & his army in the red sea, toke a taberet in hir
+hand, & being attended, or waited upon by other women, song with them
+a songe to the lord: as also Moses, and the children of Israel song
+another.
+
+The like is founde in the booke of Samuel, after that Dauid had slaine
+Goliath, that many women came out of all the townes of Israel singing
+and daunsing before King Saule, with tabours, rebeckes, and other
+instrumentes of harmonie, or musicke.
+
+But when these which loue to leape and daunse, seeing there is here
+spoken not only of daunses, but also of taberets and other musicall
+instrumentes, do thinke that they are already in the hall of leapinge
+or skipping, and do daunse according to the note and measures that the
+Minstrels and Pipers wil sound or play to them: inferringe that the
+holy scripture before alleged maketh for them, and that by it daunses
+are approued, they are indeede fouly deceaued and very farre of from
+their reckoninge, because that reckoning without the host, it was
+meete for them to reckon twyse.
+
+For it is most certaine that there is as much difference betweene
+their daunses, and those which holy men haue used, as there is betwene
+mariage and fornication.  I meane betweene chastity & whoredome.  And
+euen as it is no maner of way permitted or suffered to committe
+whoredome, so our daunses and the usage of them may not be allowed nor
+receiued. But to cut it short, that is to say, to be short, wee can
+not gather that any appearaunce or shew of euil, or any signe of
+watonnes or dissolutenes, was euer found in the daunses of holy men,
+but altogeather contrariwise, they therein behaued themselues with
+such honor, fear, and reuerence towardes God, the whole matter it
+selfe beyng accompanied, with so great honesty and sobernesse, as
+nothinge more. And in which mens deede 3. pointes are to be considered
+and marked, which can not be at any hand found in the Prophane and
+wicked daunses of our tyme.
+
+First the occasions which thrust them forwarde to do it, was such a
+great ioy which they had conceaued of the fauoure which God had shewed
+to them, that they coulde not conceale, or kepe hidden, but needes
+must manifest it, & let it abroad, by all the meanes and wayes that
+they could inuent or deuise. [Sidenote: Psal. 68.]  Which thinge also
+Dauid declareth in the sixty and eight psalme, saying, the Lord hath
+geuen an argument, occasion or matter unto the women, who also haue
+song accordingly: It was then a solomne (as a man would say) or
+publicke thankes geuing, which they rendred, or gaue unto God, singing
+or setting forth him to be the author of their deliuerance. What
+fellowship, agreement, or likenes, can there bee, between the daunce
+of these holy fathers, and these which wee behold nowe at this day
+among christians. Is it a question when men daunce to acknowledge or
+confesse the graces & goodnesses of God, to thanke him therfore,
+reioicing themselues in him: When the lusty and fyne man should holde
+a young damosel, or a woman by the hand, and keeping his measures he
+shal remoue himselfe, whirle about, & shake his legges alofte (which
+the daunsers call crosse capring) for pleasure, doth not she in the
+meane while make a good threede, playing at the Moris on her behalfe:
+but I pray you: what can ther by there of God, of his worde, of of
+honestye in such folishnes: I holde my tounge, that is, I speake
+nothing of their wordes, amorous deuises, or deuises of loue, wanton
+communications or speeches or markes only knowen to the Ladye, or
+Gentlewoman. It is true, that a man will say to me, that he must
+reioyce and be mery, which thing also I graunt, but yet not with a
+worldly, dissolute, and leuse ioy.
+
+The seconde pointe is, that euen as the people of Israell were
+instructed in the seruice of God by very many cerimonies, and outward
+manners or fashions, so when they would honor him, and geue him some
+duety which they did owe, they did not content themselues to do it
+with the harte, and with the mouth, but by and by they added, and
+ioyned there withall some outwarde gestures, to witnes that, which was
+within. Euen unto this present or hetherto we haue founde very little
+affinitye or agreement betweene the daunses of the auncient
+patriarches, and of good and religious people, and these, which we use
+at this present, or in these dayes.
+
+It is certaine and true, that the daunsers of our tyme would very
+fayne make themselues equall with them, and be in the selfe same
+degree of honor: sauing notwithstanding, that they content not them
+selues to haue a shameles and villanous harte, but they will also
+discouer and lay open their own shame & villany, by dissolute
+gestures.
+
+The third and last poynt sheweth us the fashion of the nations or
+people of the East, the outward gestures, and custome receaued among
+them, contrary herein to the westerne people. The reason is because
+euery nation hath alwayes some proper and particuler inclination,
+which another hath not. Moreouer those which draw nigh unto the East
+and South, are by reason of the heate, mor easie to moue themselues,
+and consequently to make or shew gestures, then they are which be in
+the East, or North who by reason of the cold be more heauy & weighty:
+From whence it commeth, that the Italian in his communications or
+speeches, but especially if he speake with an affection or good hart,
+intermingleth and useth so many gestures, that if an English man
+should see him a farre of, not hearing his words, would iudge him out
+of his wit or els playing some comedy upon a scaffold.
+
+Let a man on the other side beholde an Almain or Germain in the
+Pulpit, and hee would thinke him benummed, and impotent, or lame in
+all his members or partes, of his bodie.
+
+And to confirme this, lett us beholde and call to remembraunce, how
+the auncient Romains were remoued farr from the opinion and mind of
+the Greks. These, that is the Greekes, esteemed daunsing verye much,
+and all these which knew howe to helpe and comfort themselues with an
+instrument of musicke. The other, that is the Romains made very small
+account of both daunsyngs, and lesse of the daunsers themselues. Here
+appeareth the difference of Climates, and of such as dwell under those
+climates. From thence it commeth that the people of the East partes
+did breake and rent in peeces their garmentes when they had
+understanding of euil newes. Wherefore they did lye weltering and
+tumblinge upon the ground, put on sackcloth, put on ashes, or dust
+upon their heads, yea then, when they pretended to shew some
+repentance, and to manifest or set out an inward greefe: all which
+thinges would bee founde, and thought rediculous, foolish, and to bee
+laughed at amonge nations & peoples, on this side of them: And if that
+women should take tabourets in their handes, as we read that the women
+of Israel haue done: would not men thinke that they were out of their
+witt: which notwihstanding was not found in thought straung among the
+Israelites, because this was the custome of the nation and people. It
+is true, that a man may also referr the tabourets & other instrumentes
+of musicke to the ceremonies of Moyses law: which ceremonies haue bene
+abolished at the comming of Jesus Christ, in so much that at this day
+where we are under the Gospell, wee must use the same more soberly,
+and sparingly, & with greater modesty: but all that, hath nothinge
+common with the daunses of this present time or age.
+
+These three poyntes being dispatched we fynd and see cleerely, what
+affinity & agreement there is, betweene these twoo maners of
+daunses. [Sidenote: 2. Sam. 6.]  Our daunsers do yet further alledge
+an other parcel or peece of the scripture written in the booke of the
+Kinges, where it is said, that Dauid leaped and daunsed before the
+Arke of the Lord. [Sidenote: Mark this you that folowe daunsing
+scholes.]  But so far of is it, that this serueth them to mayntayne
+their daunses, that I would not wish to haue a more proper, fitt,
+playne, and agreeable place to confute them.  For if Dauid hath had a
+like affection in his daunse, as they haue in theirs, that is to say,
+to please the gentlewoman and Ladies, as our daunsers endeuor, studye
+& deuise to please their minions and flattering dames, Michol his
+wife, had neuer mocked him. He might then haue daunsed more
+pleasantly, and after a fashion more agreeable to the flesh: and for
+trueth, hee might haue done it beyng light or nimble by nature, and
+able or meete to do al thinges.
+
+But the answeare which he made his wife Michol, very well declareth,
+that hee pretended or purposed no other thinge but to set out by
+outward gestures, the greatnes of the ioy which he had conceaued in
+his harte, because of the presence of God.  This was (sayd he) before
+the Lord which I haue done in this behalfe: it appeareth by this
+aunsweare, that his affection was not in or on the world, and that he
+cared not much for the iudgement of Michol, and of all other
+worldlings, because he would not please them, nor satisfy or feede
+their fine and goodly eyes, by his daunsing. Wherfore we must conclude
+that Dauid condemneth the worldlines of his wife, and such other as
+shee: yea in that that shee was punished by barrennes, which followed
+theruppon. It is an evident argument, that God approued or allowed the
+doing and saying of the Prophet.
+
+[Sidenote: Note you that delight in your art of daunsing] Now if al
+they, which make daunsinge their god, would imprint this in their hart
+and understanding, they should receaue & use the same, rather to their
+condemnation, then to be so much without aforehead, that is to say,
+shameles, that they woulde abuse the scripture, to couer their
+uncleannes & infection. For this is a most detestable & abhominable
+sacriledge, to make the unspeakeable truth of God to serue our wicked
+and most shamefull affections. Adde thereunto that he will greeuously
+& sharply punish all such scoffers, and prodigall persons which do so
+much prophane the maiesty and excellency of his name, and that
+diuinity, which is contayned and expressed in the holy scriptures.
+[Sidenote: Isa. 5.20.]  Moreouer, when we so disguise and chaunge the
+nature of thinges that we call good euil, and the euil good, we ought
+to assure our selues of the curse of God, pronounced by the prophet
+Isaiah, saynge: cursed (sayth he) be they, which say that euil is
+good, and that good is euil, which put darknes for light, and light
+for darknes, which geue sowre thinges for sweete, and sweete for sower
+& bytter. [Sidenote: Daunses not indifferent.]  But I demaund or aske
+now, whether they which allow daunses, and place them among
+indifferent things, do not call good euil, and euil good: and by
+consequent do not inflame and kindle the wrath of God upon them
+themselues, and al their fautors or fauourers.
+
+All which thinges beyng considered, I hope that diuers knowing what
+euil, and mischief there is in daunses, will giue them ouer and cast
+them away, thinking or supposing, that in that, that thei haue
+retained & fauoured them, euen unto this present, they haue rather
+done it thorowe ignoraunce, than thorowe stubburnesse or selfe
+will. But as concerning others, whiche will preseuer and continue in
+their dissolutnes and loosenesse, the Lord withdraw and plucke them
+therefrom, when it pleaseth him, least they incurre or runne headlong
+into his wrath and vengeance, which hangeth ouer their heads, for that
+they haue obstinatelie and stubburnlie gainesaide and withstood, so
+manifest & plaine a truth.  * * *
+
+Prayse be to GOD.
+
+[Stamp: Lambeth Palace Library]
+
+
+
+
+
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