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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/9308-8.txt b/9308-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d33645 --- /dev/null +++ b/9308-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15550 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of New York at the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition, St. Louis 1904, by DeLancey M. Ellis + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** + + +Title: New York at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis 1904 + Report of the New York State Commission + +Author: DeLancey M. Ellis + +Release Date: November, 2005 [EBook #9308] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on September 19, 2003] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEW YORK AT EXPOSITION *** + + + + +Produced by Michael Oltz and PG Distributed Proofreaders + + + + + NEW YORK + + AT THE + +LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION + + ST. LOUIS, 1904 + + + REPORT OF THE + + NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION + + PREPARED AND COMPILED BY + DELANCEY M. ELLIS + + 1907 + + +[ILLUSTRATION] + + + + +REPORT + + +ALBANY, N.Y., _March_ 25, 1907 + +Hon. CHARLES E. HUGHES, _Governor_: + +DEAR SIR.--We beg to submit herewith, in accordance +with the provisions of the statute, the final report of the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of the State +of New York. + +Very respectfully + +EDWARD H. HARRIMAN +LOUIS STERN +EDWARD LYMAN BILL +WILLIAM BERRI +FREDERICK R. GREEN +LEWIS NIXON +JOHN C. WOODBURY +FRANK S. McGRAW +JOHN K. STEWART +JAMES H. CALLANAN +JOHN YOUNG +MRS. NORMAN E. MACK + +CHARLES A. BALL + +_Secretary and Chief Executive Officer_ + + +[Transcriber's note: Certain cross-references originally appearing as +"See page N" have been changed to refer to chapter and section +instead.] + + + + + +TABLE OF CONTENTS + +Chapter + + 1. Introduction and historical sketch + + 2. Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, State of New York + + 3. New York State Building + + 4. Functions held in the New York State Building + + 5. Dedication Day + + 6. New York State Week + + 7. Brooklyn Day + + 8. Thanksgiving Day + + 9. Educational exhibit and schedule of awards + +10. Fine arts exhibit and schedule of awards + +11. Agriculture and live stock exhibit and schedule of awards + +12. Horticulture exhibit and schedule of awards + +13. Forest, fish and game exhibit and schedule of awards + +14. Mines and metallurgy exhibit and schedule of awards + +15. Social economy exhibit and schedule of awards + +16. Financial statement + + + + +Table of Full Page Illustrations +[this table did not appear in the original book] + +Frontispiece: HONORABLE BENJAMIN B. ODELL, JR. GOVERNOR 1901-1904 + +Page + 8 FESTIVAL HALL AND GRAND BASIN + 15 EDWARD H. HARRIMAN, PRESIDENT, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION + 25 WILLIAM BERRI, VICE PRESIDENT, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION + 35 EDWARD LYMAN BILL, TREASURER, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSION + 45* LOUIS STERN, CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, NEW YORK STATE + COMMISSION + 50 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING + 59 NEW YORK STATE BUILDING + 71* JOHN K. STEWART, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 80 NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, MAIN ENTRANCE + 87* JAMES H. CALLANAN, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 95 NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, ASSEMBLY HALL + 104 APOTHESIS OF ST. LOUIS (NIEHAUS) + 109* LEWIS NIXON, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 112 GERMAN PAVILION + 121 NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, ENTRANCE HALL + (See section "THE ARCHITECTURE" in chapter III) + 126 EAST PAVILION AND CASCADE + 133* JOHN C. WOODBURY, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 145* FREDERICK R. GREEN, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 155* FRANK S. McGRAW, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 162 PALACE OF LIBERAL ARTS + 171* JOHN YOUNG, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 181 MRS. NORMAN E. MACK, NEW YORK STATE COMMISSIONER + 190 STATUE OF JOSEPH HENRY, ELECTRICIAN (FLANAGAN) + 195 CHARLES A. BALL, SECRETARY AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, NEW YORK + STATE COMMISSION + 200 PALACE OF EDUCATION, WEST ENTRANCE + 207 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT + 215 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, COMMON SCHOOL STATISTICS + 227 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, FOURTH GRADE ALCOVE + 239 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, TRADE SCHOOLS, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, BUSINESS + EDUCATION ALCOVE + 250 "SHOOTING UP THE TOWN" (REMINGTON) + 257 FESTIVAL HALL AND CASCADE GARDENS + 267 DE LANCEY M. ELLIS, Director of Education and Social Economy + CHARLES H. VICK, Superintendent of Horticulture + CLARENCE LUCE, Architect + J. H. DURKEE, Superintendent of Agriculture and Live Stock + HARRY W. WATROUS, Chairman Committee on Art + 277 GRAND BASIN AND PALACE OF ELECTRICITY + 284 FLORAL CLOCK AND AGRICULTURAL BUILDING + 287 AGRICULTURE EXHIBIT, DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES + 301 AGRICULTURE EXHIBIT, DISPLAY OF SEEDS + 313 AGRICULTURE EXHIBIT + 325 NEW YORK CITY BUILDING (See chapter VI) + 337 EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT, FROM ENTRANCE (See section "THE + INSTALLATION" in chapter IX) + 349 LOUISIANA PURCHASE MONUMENT, PLAZA ST. LOUIS, AND VARIED + INDUSTRIES BUILDING + 360 GRAND BASIN, BOAT LANDING + 365 HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT + 373 HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT, DISPLAY OF GRAPES + 385 HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT + 397 EXHIBIT OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS + (see section "STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES" in chapter XV) + 409 EXHIBIT OF BERTILLON AND FINGER PRINT SYSTEMS OF IDENTIFICATION + (see section "STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS" in chapter XV) + 421 MINES AND METALLURGY EXHIBIT, SLATE MANTEL + (see section "SLATE" in chapter XIV) + 427 FOREST, FISH AND GAME EXHIBIT, CAMP ADIRONDACK + 436 APPROACH TO WEST PAVILION + 445 FOREST, FISH AND GAME EXHIBIT, NATIVE BIRDS + 457 FOREST, FISH AND GAME EXHIBIT, CAMP ADIRONDACK, INTERIOR + (see section "ATTRACTIVE FEATURES" in chapter XIII) + 470 PHYSICAL LIBERTY (MCNEIL) + 477 MAGNETIC SEPARATOR WORKING ON NEW YORK ORES + 487 MINES AND METALLURGY EXHIBIT + 495 MINES AND METALLURGY, LIBERAL ARTS, AND LAGOON + 500 MACHINERY BUILDING AND LAGOON + 507 ANCIENT AND MODERN METHODS OF CARING FOR THE INSANE + 515 EXHIBIT OF STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS + (see section "STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS" in chapter XV) + 523 EXHIBIT OF STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES, CARE OF DESTITUTE ADULTS + (see section "STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES" in chapter XV) + 528 ON THE PIKE + 535 EXHIBIT OF STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY, HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE + (see section "STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY" in chapter XV) + +* These photographs are also labelled "Copyright 1903 [or 1904], +by Pirie MacDonald, Photographer of Men, N.Y." + + + + + + + +CHAPTER I + +Introduction and Historical Sketch + + +HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE + +[ILLUSTRATION] + +The Louisiana Purchase Exposition was held in the city of St. Louis in +1904, in commemoration of the acquisition in 1803 of the vast territory +west of the Mississippi, then called Louisiana. The transfer is +generally regarded as one of the most important events in our national +history and stands on record as the greatest acquisition of territory +ever made by peaceful methods. An American historian of great prominence +says: "The annexation of Louisiana was an event so portentous as to defy +measurement; it gave a new face to politics and ranked in historical +importance next to the Declaration of Independence and the adoption of +the Constitution." + +The territory was ceded to France by Spain by the secret treaty of San +Ildefonso in 1800. This aroused to intense excitement the people of the +West, who were inclined to give credit to the rumor that the army of +forty thousand men sent by Napoleon (who was responsible for the +negotiation of that treaty) were in reality to take military possession +of Louisiana and the Floridas instead of to suppress the insurrection in +San Domingo, the ostensible object. France and England had been +struggling for many years for supremacy in the Western Continent, and in +the possession of this vast territory Napoleon foresaw a prosperous New +France. But there were many complications arising at home. Important +political questions demanded attention, and the great Napoleon soon +realized that he could not hope to cope successfully with the two great +problems lying at such a great distance apart. + + +NEGOTIATIONS FOR TRANSFER OF TERRITORY + +At that time our country was interested in procuring possession of the +site of New Orleans and the free passage of the Mississippi river +forever for all American citizens, and negotiations were opened for +their purchase by Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of +Independence, and at that time third President of the United States. + +During the negotiations Napoleon suggested the transfer of the whole +Louisiana territory and the transaction was brought to a most successful +conclusion, the signers of the treaty being James Monroe, Robert R. +Livingston, and F.B. Marbois, the representative of Napoleon. It was a +significant bargain. By it Napoleon formed closer bonds of friendship +between France and the United States, and prevented any possibility of +the territory falling into the hands of Great Britain. He prophesied +that this Republic would eventually become a world power and a +commercial rival to England. How completely his prophecy was fulfilled. +Our country attained possession of a vast territory embracing more than +a million square miles, an area greater than the combined areas of the +British Isles, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and +Italy, the consideration being a figure less than that representing the +value of a single square block in any one of our great cities, or an +amount much smaller than has been yielded by any one of many mines +within the boundaries of the territory. Twelve flourishing states and +two territories have since been carved out of Louisiana, and the center +of our population is rapidly moving towards that region which was once +known as the wilderness of the West. + + +ROBERT R. LIVINGSTON + +It is a matter of the utmost gratification that the State of New York +played so important a part in this great event in the person of Robert +R. Livingston, who was then United States Minister to France. Dr. +Livingston, the title of LL.D. having been conferred upon him by the +University of the State of New York, was one of the leading statesmen of +his day. A graduate of Kings (now Columbia) College, he began his career +in the practice of law in New York city, and was made Recorder of the +city in 1773. Elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, he was +appointed one of a committee of five to draft the Declaration of +Independence, but enforced absence from Philadelphia made it impossible +for him to sign the document. He was soon after elected Chancellor of +the State of New York, and as such administered the oath of office to +George Washington as first President of the United States. His previous +training in public affairs admirably fitted him for assuming the +important duties leading to the transfer of the Louisiana territory, and +to him as much as to any individual belongs the credit for the +successful consummation of the transaction. + +At the Exposition a handsome statue of Livingston, by Lukemann, was +erected in the Cascade Gardens, on the approach to the West Pavilion. +Upon the front of the New York State Building appeared this legend: +"Robert R. Livingston of New York, Minister to France 1801-1805, +inaugurated the negotiations for the Louisiana Purchase and was the +first to sign the treaty." + + +ORIGIN OF THE EXPOSITION + +The first action looking towards the commemoration of the Louisiana +Purchase was taken at a meeting of the Missouri Historical Society in +September, 1898, when a committee of fifty citizens was appointed to +take the preliminary steps looking to the observance of the occasion. +This committee recommended the submission of the question to a +convention of delegates, representing all the Louisiana Purchase states, +and at this convention, which was held at the Southern Hotel, St. Louis, +January 10, 1899, it was decided to hold a World's Fair as the most +fitting commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the +acquisition of the Louisiana territory. An executive committee, with the +Hon. David R. Francis as chairman, was appointed to carry out the +undertaking, and this committee determined that at least $15,000,000, +the amount paid to France for the territory, would be needed. + + +ACTION BY CONGRESS + +Congress passed a bill in June, 1900, carrying a provisional +appropriation of $5,000,000, and pledging governmental support if the +city of St. Louis raised $10,000,000. The people went to work with a +will and had raised $5,000,000 by popular subscription early in January, +1901, and the following January thirtieth an ordinance was passed by the +St. Louis Municipal Assembly authorizing the issuance of $5,000,000 in +city bonds. On March twelfth President McKinley appointed a National +Commission of nine members, and in August issued a proclamation inviting +all the nations of the world to participate in the Exposition. Owing to +labor difficulties and delay in securing construction material it soon +became evident that it would be impossible to hold the fair during the +year 1903, as originally planned. Legislation being necessary in order +to provide for the necessary postponement, a bill was passed by Congress +and approved by President Roosevelt June 25, 1902, authorizing the +holding of the fair in 1904 instead of 1903, as originally determined. + +Beginning with the basic appropriation of $15,000,000, [Footnote: In the +winter of 1904 a bill was passed by Congress authorizing a Government +loan of $4,600,000 to the Exposition Company, to be repaid in +instalments from the gate receipts. The loan was entirely canceled +early in November, 1904.] as described above, to which had been added +$1,000,000 appropriated by the State of Missouri, the great enterprise +was projected on a $50,000,000 basis. It was planned to make the +universal Exposition at St. Louis the most comprehensive and wonderful +that the world had ever seen. How well its projectors succeeded is a +matter of recent history. How completely all previous expositions were +eclipsed has been told many times in picture and in print. + + +THE SITE + +The site chosen for the Exposition included the western portion of +Forest Park, one of the finest parks in the United States. Its naturally +rolling ground afforded many opportunities for effective vistas, which +were quickly embraced by the Exposition Company's landscape artists. +Containing 1,240 acres, it was a tract approximately two miles long and +one mile wide. + +The grounds might be said to have been divided into two general +sections, the dividing line being Skinker road. To the east was the main +picture, so called, which was formed by the grouping of eight +magnificent exhibit palaces around Festival Hall, the Colonnade of +States and Cascade Gardens. + + +THE MAIN PICTURE + +Festival Hall stood upon a rise of ground well above the principal +exhibit palaces, and its majestic dome surmounted by a gilded figure of +"Victory," the first "Victory" to take the form of a man, was visible +from most any part of the grounds. The grouping of the exhibit palaces +was geometric in arrangement, in shape like an open fan, the ribs of the +fan being the waterways and plazas between which the exhibit palaces +were located. + + +THE ARCHITECTURE + +The architecture, while varied and in some instances striking, was still +so modified as to make a most harmonious whole. For purity in +architecture the best example was the Palace of Education, which was +built on the lines of the Italian Renaissance. For most striking +architectural effects the Mines and Metallurgy building was invariably +pointed out. It was of composite architecture, comprising features of +the Egyptian, Byzantine and Greek. The stately obelisks which guarded +its entrance ways and the bas-relief panels which formed its outer +facade, were objects of universal interest. + +To the southeast of the main group of buildings, and gracefully +clustered among the trees, were the state pavilions. Along the extreme +northern portion of the grounds for a mile stretched the amusement +highway, known as the Pike. + + +OTHER FEATURES + +To the west of Skinker road were located the Administration buildings, +and, with one or two exceptions, the pavilions of foreign governments, +the Agriculture and Horticulture buildings, the Philippine Reservation +and the Department of Anthropology. The Intramural railroad, seven miles +in length, passed the principal points of interest and enabled visitors +to get about the grounds with speed and comfort. + +To convert this great tract of land into a beautiful park with well-kept +roadways embellished with velvety lawns and magnificent flower beds, +would seem to be a task greater than man could perform within the short +space of time available for the completion of the Exposition. That it +was done, and well done, is a matter of history. + + +PROCESSES AS WELL AS PRODUCTS + +It was early determined that the great Fair should be one of processes, +as well as of products; wherever possible there should be life and +motion; that the exhibits should answer the question, "How is it done?" +as well as "What is it?" The result was that the Exposition became a +constantly changing scene of moving objects and an educational force +many times greater than any of its predecessors. The student of +Mechanics, Electricity, Pedagogy, the Applied Arts, and other kindred +subjects could obtain here within a limited area valuable data, which +otherwise could only be collected at the expense of much time and +considerable money. + + +DEDICATION CEREMONIES + +The formal dedication ceremonies covered three days, beginning April 30, +1903, the actual date of the Centennial Anniversary of the signing of +the treaty, and one year previous to the opening of the Exposition. Our +commonwealth was fittingly represented at that time, a special +appropriation of $50,000 for the same having been made by the +Legislature. Governor Odell and staff, State officers, a joint committee +from the Legislature and the members of the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition Commission attended. There were also present a provisional +regiment of infantry of the National Guard, under command of Colonel S. +M. Welch, N.G., N.Y.; a provisional division of the Naval Militia under +command of Lieutenant E.M. Harman, Second Battalion; and Squadron "A" of +New York, under command of Major Oliver H. Bridgman. + + +THE FIRST DAY'S PROGRAM + +The program for the first day consisted of a grand military parade in +the morning and exercises in the Liberal Arts building at two o'clock in +the afternoon, followed by fireworks in the evening. The day was cold +and unpleasant, and a chill wind blowing from the north caused visitors +to seek comfort in heavy wraps. + +The Governor of the State of New York and her troops met with a +continuous ovation along the line of march of the great military parade, +and from every side compliments and felicitations were bestowed upon the +State's representatives for so hearty and imposing a participation in an +event a thousand miles from home. + +The occasion was graced by the presence of the President of the United +States, Theodore Roosevelt, and by ex-President Grover Cleveland, both +of whom made extended remarks at the afternoon exercises. + + +ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. + +The address of President Roosevelt was replete with historical allusions +and pointed epigrams. He drew many lessons from the valor and patriotism +of the early settlers of the west, and said, among other things: + +"Courage and hardihood are indispensable virtues in a people; but the +people which possesses no others can never rise high in the scale either +of power or of culture. Great peoples must have in addition the +governmental capacity which comes only when individuals fully recognize +their duties to one another and to the whole body politic, and are able +to join together in feats of constructive statesmanship and of honest +and effective administration. ... We justly pride ourselves on our +marvelous material prosperity, and such prosperity must exist in order +to establish a foundation upon which a higher life can be built; but +unless we do in very fact build this higher life thereon, the material +prosperity itself will go for but very little. ... The old days were +great because the men who lived in them had mighty qualities; and we +must make the new days great by showing these same qualities. We must +insist upon courage and resolution, upon hardihood, tenacity, and +fertility of resource; we must insist upon the strong, virile virtues; +and we must insist no less upon the virtues of self-restraint, +self-mastery, regard for the rights of others; we must show our +abhorrence of cruelty, brutality, and corruption, in public and in +private life alike." + + +ADDRESS OF EX-PRESIDENT CLEVELAND + +Ex President Cleveland delivered an eloquent panegyric and in closing +said: + +"... We may well recall in these surroundings the wonderful measure of +prophecy's fulfillment, within the span of a short century, the spirit, +the patriotism and the civic virtue of Americans who lived a hundred +years ago, and God's overruling of the wrath of man, and his devious +ways for the blessing of our nation. We are all proud of our American +citizenship. Let us leave this place with this feeling stimulated by the +sentiments born of the occasion. Let us appreciate more keenly than ever +how vitally necessary it is to our country's wealth that every one +within its citizenship should be clean minded in political aim and +aspiration, sincere and honest in his conception of our country's +mission, and aroused to higher and more responsive patriotism by the +reflection that it is a solemn thing to belong to a people favored of +God." + + +THE SECOND DAY'S PROGRAM + +The second day was designated "Diplomatic Day," and was devoted to a +luncheon to the visiting diplomats in the Administration Building, +followed by exercises in Festival Hall, at which time addresses were +made by Honorable John M. Thurston of the National Commission, who was +president of the day; Honorable David R. Francis, president of the +Exposition Company; M. Jean J. Jusserand, the French Ambassador, and +Senor Don Emilio de Ojeda, the Spanish Minister. In the evening a +brilliant reception was given to the Diplomatic Corps at the St. Louis +Club. + + +THE THIRD DAY'S PROGRAM + +The third day, Saturday, May second, was officially designated "State +Day," and the exercises consisted of a huge civic parade, which consumed +two hours in passing a given point, and exercises at two o'clock in the +Liberal Arts building, over which ex-Senator William Lindsay of the +National Commission presided. Addresses were made by Governor Dockery, +who welcomed the governors and delegations from the various states and +by Governor Odell of New York, who responded. His brilliant address, +which was frequently punctuated by applause, follows: + + +ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ODELL + +"_Governor Dockery, Ladies and Gentlemen:_ + +"There is no phase of American history which should inspire us with +greater pride than the consummation of the purchase of the Louisiana +tract, an event which opened the pathway to the West, and made possible +the powerful nation to which we owe our allegiance. Trade, the +inspiration for travel, which brought about the discovery and +civilization of the Western Hemisphere, would have demanded inevitably +the cession to the United States of the vast regions beyond the +Mississippi. Except, however, for the peaceful and diplomatic measures +adopted through the wisdom of Thomas Jefferson, this territory could +only have been acquired by the sacrifice of human life and the +expenditure of untold treasure. That Robert Livingston, a citizen of the +Empire State, became the ambassador of the great commoner at the court +of France and that it was due to his skill and intelligence that +Napoleon was brought to an understanding of the conditions as they +existed and of the determination of our then young Republic to prevent +the building up of foreign colonies at our very threshold, is a cause +for congratulation to the people of the State I represent, and renders +the duty which has been assigned to me, therefore, doubly pleasant. +Memorable as was this event, and of great importance to the future +growth of the Republic, it left its imprint not only upon America, but +upon Europe as well. Through it the Napoleonic ambition to develop a +vast plan of colonization which threatened the peace of the world was +thwarted. The dismemberment of the French possessions which soon +followed resulted in the grouping together of the various states of +Europe into vast empires whose relations with our country are such that +encroachment or territorial aggrandizement upon this hemisphere are +forever impossible. Spain, whose waning power was then apparent, was no +longer a menace, and thus rendered possible the acquisition of the +remaining stretch of territory which made our possessions secure from +the Gulf to the Canadian line. While, therefore, as Americans we are +prone to the belief that if the necessity had arisen we should have been +able to wrest this rich and fertile territory from even the strongest +hands, it is well for us to understand, however, that even the diplomacy +of which we boast would have been futile except for the failure of +Napoleon in San Domingo and his pressing need of funds to permit him to +face the enemies of the French. 'Westward Ho!' was the cry of the Old +World. From the time when the genius of Columbus accepted the theories +of the earlier astronomers the imagination and cupidity of adventurous +spirits had been excited by tales of 'far off Cathay.' One hundred years +ago the protocol for this territory was signed; one hundred years of +history has been written; a nation of three millions has expanded into +an empire of eighty millions of souls. Our country has not only become a +power among the nations of the world, but has taken an advanced position +in the progress and work of civilization. A westward passage to India +was sought by Columbus and was still the aim of La Salle in his +adventurous voyage along the mighty Mississippi. To-day the American +flag floats at the very gates of China, and almost in sight of its +walls, placed there by American valor and by American arms in a struggle +for human rights, and liberty. Trackless forests and undulating prairies +have become the highways for the speeding engines bearing the burdens of +traffic to the Orient. No longer are they the pasturage for the buffalo, +but the source of food supply for the whole world. Treasures of untold +value have been laid bare by the ingenuity of man, but far beyond this +wealth are the products in grain and lowing kine which add their +hundreds of millions to the resources of our country, extending even +beyond the dreams or the imagination of those who sought only the +precious metals with which to return with a competence to their native +land. + +"This is but the span of a century and to commemorate its glories we +come from the eastern section, from the earlier colonies to congratulate +the people of the West upon the results which we as a nation have +achieved. So few the years, yet how notable the history. Upon this soil +began those battles which ended in the emancipation of the slave. From +this border, and almost from within this territory, came the great +Emancipator, a man who struggled with the vicissitudes of fortune in +early life, who aided in developing the great West, and whose name will +be forever enshrined as the one who in his act as chief magistrate of +this country removed the stain which the earlier Dutch had fastened upon +our body politic like a 'festering sore.' The past, with all of its +achievements, with all of its successes, is to us but an incentive and +guide for the future progress of our country. America still beckons to +the oppressed of all lands and holds out the gifts of freedom, and we at +this time, and upon this occasion, should renew our adherence to those +policies which have made us great as a nation. The future is before us, +and the patriotism and self-sacrifice of those who made the country's +history so glorious should be an inspiration to us all for higher ideals +of citizenship. Through the golden gates of commerce pours an unceasing +stream of immigration, which must be amalgamated with American ideas and +American principles. From the earlier settlers has come a blending of +the vigor of the Anglo-Saxon with the Teutonic and Latin races, +resulting in that composite type which we are wont to recognize and +regard as the type of the true American. Aside from the commercial and +industrial results which followed the acquisition of this vast and +fertile territory, and the building up of the large marts and towns +which everywhere blend with its magnificent scenery, the definition of +the power and extent of our Constitution was most important. At its +inception, coming at a time when the framers of the Constitution were +not only able to interpret their work, but to give to it their moral +force and support, it was demonstrated that no constitutional +limitations should retard the onward growth, the onward rush of American +civilization, until it should have reached the farthermost bounds of the +far-off Pacific. The barriers to human progress were by this +interpretation removed and ranges of new States have given effect to the +democratic principles of our great Republic, and have made of our +country a Union--not of weak, impotent States--but a commonwealth of +nations, bound to each other through a centralized government by ties of +allegiance, common interest and patriotism, where freemen rule and where +suffrage is more esteemed than wealth. + +"These rights and their protection should receive our earnest thought. +The battles of the past have been for freedom and liberty, and the +struggles of the future will be for their preservation, not, however, by +force of arms, but through the peaceful methods which come through the +education of our people. The declaration which brought our Republic into +existence has insured and guaranteed that liberty of conscience and that +freedom of action which does not interfere with the prerogatives or +privileges of a man's neighbors. Capital and labor are the two great +elements upon which the prosperity and happiness of our people rest, and +when, therefore, aggregations of the one are met by combinations of the +other, it should be the aim of all to prevent the clashing of these +great interests. The products of toil are worthless unless there be some +means by which they can be substituted or transferred for that which +labor requires. The concrete form in which these transactions are +conducted is the money power or the capital of the land. Without work +all of these fertile fields, these teeming towns, would have been +impossible, and without a desire to benefit and elevate humanity, its +onward progress would have been useless. To work, to labor, is man's +bounden duty, and in the performance of the tasks which have been placed +upon him, he should be encouraged, and his greatest incentive should be +the knowledge that he may transmit to his children and his children's +children a higher civilization and greater advantages than he himself +possessed. Trade conditions which would permit to the toiler but a bare +sustenance, the bare means of a livelihood, would be a hindrance to +human progress, a hindrance not to be removed by all of the maxims of +the philosopher or the theories of the doctrinaire. Promise without +fulfillment is barren, but when you can place before the mechanic the +assured fact that the performance of his duty means success in life, and +that his non-performance means failure; when you can show him that this +law is immutable, you have made of him a useful citizen and have +instilled into his mind a firm belief that the freedom and liberty of +which we boast is not an inchoate substance to be dreamed of and not +enjoyed. But this desired result cannot be secured if combinations of +capital, which produce the necessaries of life cheaper and better, are +assailed as the enemies of mankind. There is always a mean between those +who seek only a fair recompense and return for that which they produce, +and those who seek undue advantages for the few at the expense of the +many. The laws which have been enacted, if properly executed, are +sufficient in their force and effect to encourage the one and to punish +the other, but in our condemnation let us not forget that with the +expansion that has come to our country, an expansion of our business +relations is also necessary. This growth has brought us into intimate +contact with the markets of the world, and in the struggle that is +always before us, the competition of trade, if we are to hold our own +among the world's producers, we should encourage and not hinder those +who by their energy, their capital and their labor have banded together +for the purpose of meeting these new conditions--problems which our +individual efforts alone cannot solve, but which require the +concentrated force and genius of both capital and labor. Incentive for +good citizenship would indeed be lacking if there were taken from us the +opportunities for development, the opportunities for the young man to +follow in the footsteps of those who have written their names in the +history of our country as the great captains of industry. Success will +always follow perseverance and genius. Every heresy, every doctrine +which would teach the young man of this country differently, is an +insult to the intelligence of our people, and is in the direction of +building up a dangerous element in American society which in time would +threaten not only the peace and prosperity we enjoy, but our very +institutions themselves. When you have placed before the young man all +of his possibilities, you have made it impossible to make of our +Republic a plutocracy controlled by the few at the expense of the many. +The individual should count for as much as the aggregation of +individuals, because an injury to the one will lead to the destruction +of the many. The question of adjusting and harmonizing the relations of +capital and labor is the problem before us to-day and is one which will +become more urgent in the future. Its solution must be along those lines +of constitutional right which every citizen has been guaranteed. Every +man is entitled in the prosecution of his work to the broadest possible +liberty of action and the protection of law, of that law which is the +outgrowth of necessity and which seeks to encourage and not to oppress. +Such recognition can always be secured if there is a determination upon +the part of those charged with the responsibility of government to have +it. And who is not? Every man possessed of a ballot is responsible and +has the power, not only to formulate but to criticise and to punish as +well. If this right be properly exercised, an honest and efficient +administration of our affairs can always be secured. To aid in this work +we have given to the press the broadest possible liberty, a freedom +which, however, should never be abused. It should never be used as the +medium for the circulation of charges or of calumnies which are without +foundation, and which please but the fancies of those in whose minds +there always exists envy and discontent. Such a misuse of privileges +should be condemned by all right-minded citizens. In its virtuous +indignation with those who abuse public place and power, it should be +careful to do exact justice because in our busy and active lives we have +come to depend to a very great extent upon the wisdom and the honesty of +these who edit our newspapers for the information rightly to judge of +the conditions, events and necessities of our country. By means of the +press, and with an intelligent citizenship, we may always feel sure that +there will come into our public life influences for good which will +render our government more stable, will add to its renown and to its +glory and will insure for all the perpetuation of those principles which +have come down to us through the wisdom of our forefathers and which +have been amplified by the knowledge of succeeding generations. + +"The greatest solvent for political heresies, for doctrines which are +antagonistic to popular government, is education. To the educated mind +there comes a conception of duty which is not possible to the ignorant. +The great colleges and schools with which we are blessed are performing +a vital work, and these institutions for developing a higher order of +citizenship are of far more worth and of greater importance than all of +the ships of war or the arms of the nation in maintaining and upholding +those policies which have been adopted for our protection against +foreign and domestic foes. But it is not alone a theoretical education +which is necessary for this higher citizenship. It must be linked with +the knowledge which comes of the study of the character, of the manner +and methods of other nations than our own, which leads the artisan to +inspect and to improve upon the ingenuity of his fellows of other lands. +It is this feature in the exposition which is to take place upon this +ground next year that is particularly significant and important in the +solution of the problems to which I have referred. It is the contact, +the friendly rivalry thus created, which brings about a betterment and +improvement of conditions. It is appropriate, therefore, that at the one +hundredth anniversary of this great event of our nation's history, we +should gather here all of the ingenuity and the genius of the past and +the present, that we may contrast and make note of our progress. This +will be an inspiration for us in the performance of our duty, and will +add to our affection for our native and adopted land, and thus make of +America a still greater power for good. A patriotic people is possible +only when there exists a love of country which has been inspired by the +stories of the past. It is the stories of the glorious past which +encourage us to grapple with the problems of the present and to look +with disdain upon those who fail to solve them. What fills our mind with +more gratitude; what inspires us with greater heroism; what instills +more patriotism than the struggles of the early colonial wars? The +Anglo-Saxon energy which swept from this continent the dominion of those +who sought only wealth, and which substituted the thrift of the voyagers +of the _Mayflower_ and of the settlers of Jamestown--which Speaks +of the battles with the Indians, which tells of the glories not only of +victories but of the defeats of the heroes of the Revolution--all are +incentives for purer and better citizenship. And so, too, as we recall +the struggles to the death of the descendants of these earlier settlers +in the greatest civil war that the world has ever known, let us to-day, +both in charity and in patriotism, remember them all as heroes. While we +may differ as to the principles for which they fought, there is no +conflict of opinion, no divergence in thought, which bids us to-day to +withhold our admiration for all those who took part in that great +struggle. It was but a page in our nation's history, but a page shaded +by human blood. It was but the working out the will of Divine +Providence, so that from its baptism of blood our republic might emerge +greater, stronger and more powerful than ever before, that there might +thereafter be no sectional hate, no dividing line in the patriotism of +our people. This it is which should inspire us to-day. More progress, a +further advance in civilization, the extending of a helping hand to the +afflicted and the welcoming word to the oppressed, should be concrete +evidence of America's greatness and of the devotion of her people. Then +it will be that our flag, now honored and respected, honored because of +the power and the intelligence of our people, will take on additional +lustre and additional significance as that of a nation that has accepted +its duty to protect humanity at home and abroad, and to stand as the +pacificator and preserver of the peace of the world." + +At the conclusion of the afternoon exercises Governor Odell reviewed the +New York State troops on the plaza in Forest Park. The review was held +in the presence of a large assemblage and was an inspiring sight. + + +OPENING DAY + +One year later, on April 30, 1904, the Exposition was formally opened to +the public; elaborate exercises being held at eleven o'clock at the foot +of the Louisiana Purchase Monument on the Plaza St. Louis. There were +present a distinguished assemblage, including a delegation of the Senate +and the House of Representatives, the National Commission, the Board of +Lady Managers, representatives of foreign governments, Governors of +States and their staffs, State Commissions, United States Government +Board, Exposition officials, and others. The exercises were opened by a +prayer by Rev. Frank W. Gunsaulus of Chicago, which was followed by an +address by President Francis. The Treasurer of the Exposition, William +H. Thompson, as chairman of the committee on grounds and buildings, +introduced Isaac S. Taylor, who delivered the gold key to the buildings +to President Francis and presented diplomas to his staff. An address +followed by Director of Exhibits F.J.V. Skiff, who presented commissions +to his staff, the chiefs of the various exhibit departments. Next +followed addresses in behalf of the city of St. Louis by Hon. Rolla +Wells, Mayor; in behalf of the National Commission by Hon. Thomas H. +Carter, its President; in behalf of the United States Senate by Senator +Henry E. Burnham; in behalf of the House of Representatives by Hon. +James A. Tawney. New York State was especially honored in the selection +of the president of her commission to speak in behalf of the domestic +exhibitors. Hon. Edward H. Harriman was then introduced by President +Francis. + + +ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT HARRIMAN + +After briefly complimenting the President and Directors of the +Exposition, Mr. Harriman said: + +"Our 'Domestic Exhibitors' could have no higher testimonial than that +furnished by the magnificent buildings and grounds of this Exposition. +We have here combined in brilliant variety the charms and beauties of +garden, forest, lake and stream, embellished by these splendid +structures, forming an harmonious whole certainly not equaled by any +former Exposition. All credit is due the President and Directors, whose +intelligence and untiring labors have conquered all obstacles and +brought this World's Fair to a most auspicious and successful opening. +One cannot view the result of their labors without being deeply +impressed with the magnitude of their undertaking, and when we consider +the exhibits which have been assembled within these grounds, we are led +irresistibly to an appreciation of the multitude of forces which +contributed to this great work, and particularly to the co-operation +which must have existed to produce the result before us. + +"I have the honor on this occasion to speak for our 'Domestic +Exhibitors.' They are well represented by their works before you, and by +these works you can know them. + +"These exhibits represent in concrete form the artistic and industrial +development of this country, and in viewing them one cannot but be +impressed with the great improvement in the conditions affecting our +material and physical welfare and with the corresponding advancement in +our intellectual and esthetic life. + +"Let us consider for a moment the processes by which this result has +been reached. We have here collected the products of our artistic, +scientific and industrial life. The raw materials of the farm, the +vineyard, the mine and the forest have been transformed by the skilled +artisan, the artist and the architect into the finished products before +you. By the co-operation of all these resources, of all these +activities, of all these workers, this result has been accomplished. +From the felling of the trees in the forest, the tilling of the soil and +the mining of the ore, through all the steps and processes required to +produce from the raw material the complicated machine or the costly +fabric, there must have been co-operation, and all incongruous elements +and resistant forces must have been eliminated or overcome. + +"The chief factor, therefore, which has contributed to these results is +the co-operation of all our people. The first law of our civilization is +the co-operation of all individuals to improve the conditions of life. +By division of labor each individual is assigned to or takes his special +part in our social organization. This specialization of labor has become +most minute. Not only is this true in scientific and philosophic +research, in professional and business life, but in the simplest and +earliest occupations of men, such as the tilling of the soil, the +specialist is found bringing to the aid of his industry expert and +scientific knowledge. + +"... In the division of labor and the resultant specialization of human +activity we have necessarily different classes of workers, some of whom +have adopted the co-operative idea by forming organizations by which +they seek to better their conditions. No doubt each class of workers has +its particular interests which may be legitimately improved by +co-operation among its members, and thus far the labor organization has +a lawful purpose, but while standing for its rights it cannot +legitimately deny to any other class its rights, nor should it go to the +extent of infringing the personal and inalienable rights of its members +as individuals. On the contrary, it must accord to its own members and +to others the same measure of justice that it demands for itself as an +organization. + +"In working out this problem there has been much conflict. Indeed, +according to human experience, such conflict could not entirely be +avoided, but in the end each class must recognize that it cannot exist +independently of others; it cannot strike down or defeat the rights or +interests of others without injuring itself. Should capital demand more +than its due, by that demand it limits its opportunities, and, +correspondingly, the laborer who demands more than his due thereby takes +away from himself the opportunity to labor. No one can escape this law +of co-operation. Self-interest demands that we must observe its just +limitations. We must be ready to do our part and accord to all others +the fair opportunity of doing their part. We must co-operate with and +help our colaborer. We should approach the solution of each question +which may arise with a reasonable and, better still, a friendly spirit. +He who obstructs the reasonable adjustment of these questions, who +fosters strife by appealing to class prejudice, may justly be regarded +by all as an enemy to the best public interests.... + +"In conclusion, permit me to advert to the Louisiana Purchase, which we +are now celebrating, and call attention to the importance of that event +in securing to our people the fullest benefit of the co-operative idea. +Manifestly, if our Government were restricted to the original territory +of the United States, as defined by the Treaty of 1783, we must have +encountered in many ways the opposition of governments, some of them +European, which would have occupied the territory beyond our original +south and west boundaries. Our trade and commerce moving from or to our +original territory would, necessarily, have been largely restricted by +hostile foreign powers. The Louisiana Purchase not only more than +doubled our territory by adding a country rich in material resources, +but gave us control of the Mississippi river, and made possible the +acquisition of the Oregon Territory, the Mexican cessions and the +annexation of Texas. ... + +"Though much has been done towards the development of this imperial +domain, yet we may truly say that we have only seen the beginning of +that development. The possibilities for the future are boundless. With a +land of unparalleled resources, occupied by a people combining the best +elements of our modern civilization and governed by laws evolved from +the highest and best progress of the human race, no eye can foresee the +goal to which a co-operation of all these forces must lead." + +The Mexican Commissioner, A. R. Nuncio, spoke in behalf of the foreign +exhibitors. The concluding address was made by Hon. William H. Taft, +Secretary of War, who attended as the special representative of the +President. At its conclusion the President of the United States, in the +White House at Washington, pressed a key that started the machinery, +unfurled the flags, set the cascades in motion, and thus opened the +Exposition. + + +BENEFICENT RESULTS + +To the question "Was the Louisiana Purchase Exposition a success?" the +answer must be an unqualified affirmative. The value of any great +exposition cannot be measured in dollars and cents any more than it can +be measured in pounds and ounces. The great Fair at St. Louis was not +projected as a money-making undertaking. It was held to commemorate a +great event in American history and was designed to arouse a popular +interest in the story of the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory and +its glorious results; to more closely knit together the peoples of the +earth in good fellowship and brotherly love; to give to all nations an +opportunity to demonstrate to each other their progress in material +things; to awaken in the American people a sense of civic pride and a +determined resolution to maintain and advance the prestige which they +now enjoy among the nations of the earth. Having fulfilled all this, who +shall say that the Exposition has been a failure? + + +FAIR OFFICIALS FROM NEW YORK + +The State of New York has every reason to be proud of her connection +with the great Fair, not only in her official participation, which +through the generous action and hearty support of the Executive and the +Legislature was on a most liberal and comprehensive scale, but many of +her sons were prominent in its building, in the creation of its artistic +effects, and no less in the administration of its various departments. +At the very inception of the work New York was honored in the +appointment of Martin H. Glynn, of Albany, N. Y., as a member of the +National Commission. Mr. Glynn was afterwards elected Vice-Chairman of +the Commission and was one of its most active members. Laurence H. +Grahame, of New York city, was Secretary of the National Commission. His +genial personality, his wide acquaintance and his long experience in +newspaper work admirably fitted him for the duties of the position, +which he performed with fidelity. Mrs. Daniel Manning, of Albany, was +President of the Board of Lady Managers. The position was one requiring +marked executive ability, dignity and tact. Mrs. Manning performed the +arduous duties falling to her lot with a grace and cordiality which won +for her the love and esteem of the official delegates to the Exposition +from throughout the world. She was signally honored on many occasions +and is one of New York's most distinguished daughters. Judge Franklin +Ferriss, the general counsel for the Exposition Company, and one of St. +Louis' most eminent lawyers, went forth from our State many years ago to +seek and find his fortune in the West. + + +CHIEFS OF EXHIBIT DEPARTMENTS + +Of the thirteen chiefs of departments in the division of exhibits New +York lays claim to six. The Department of Education and Social Economy, +as well as the Department of Congresses, was under the direction of Dr. +Howard J. Rogers, now Assistant Commissioner of Education of the State +of New York, and formerly Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction; +also United States Director of Education and Social Economy at the Paris +Exposition in 1900. + +Milan H. Hulbert had charge of the great Department of Manufactures and +Varied Industries. Mr. Hulbert is a native of Brooklyn and a graduate of +the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He was in charge of the Department +of Varied Industries for the United States Commission to Paris in 1900. +The Art Department was presided over by Professor Halsey C. Ives, now of +St. Louis, but formerly of New York State. The old school house in which +he received the ground work of his education still stands at Montour +Falls, Schuyler county. Professor Ives was also Chief of Arts at the +Columbian Exposition in 1893. The Chief of the Department of Machinery, +Thomas M. Moore, is a native, and has always been a resident, of New +York city. He was in charge of the Departments of Machinery, +Transportation, Agricultural Implements, Graphic Arts and Ordnance at +the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo. + +Of late years Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, Chief of the Forest, Fish and Game +Department, has been a resident of New York State. In 1895 he became the +director of the Aquarium in New York city and rebuilt that +establishment. He was Chief of the Department of Forestry and Fisheries +for the United States at the Paris Exposition in 1900. + +The Chief of the Department of Physical Culture, James E. Sullivan, has +always been a New Yorker. He is an acknowledged athletic record +authority and editor of the official athletic almanac. He was in charge +of the American contingent that competed in the Olympic games at the +Paris Exposition, and was also director of athletics at the Pan American +Exposition. + + +SCULPTORS + +The heroic equestrian statue "The Apotheosis of St. Louis," generally +considered one of the finest works of its kind, which stood at the very +gateway to the Fair grounds, symbolizing the cordial welcome extended by +the city to her guests from every part of the world, was the work of +Charles H. Niehaus, of New York city. The sculpture of the Louisiana +Purchase monument, the surmounting figure typifying "Peace" and the base +decoration of groups representing scenes connected with the purchase, +was by Karl Bitter, chief of sculpture of the Exposition, another New +Yorker. Just in front of the monument and looking upon the grand basin +were four groups portraying frontier life, entitled "The Buffalo Dance", +"A Step to Civilization", "Peril of the Plains", and "A Cowboy at Rest", +all being the work of Solon Borglum, another New Yorker. The crowning +artistic and architectural effects of the whole Fair were embraced in +Festival Hall and the Cascades. These were the work of two New York men, +Cass Gilbert and Emanuel S. Masqueray. Mr. Gilbert was the architect of +Festival Hall and Mr. Masqueray designed the Cascades and the Colonnade +of States. Mr. Masqueray had other notable pieces of work in evidence +about the grounds. + +The Palace of Manufactures, standing just to the east of the Plaza St. +Louis, was the work of Messrs. Carrere and Hastings, also New Yorkers. +It was regarded as one of the most successful structures upon the +grounds from an architect's point of view and it was appropriate that to +New York men should have been intrusted the construction of the building +in which exhibits of manufactures were displayed, in view of the +pre-eminence of our State from a manufacturing and commercial +standpoint. + +And so throughout all the departments of the great Fair and throughout +the season, one constantly encountered those who by some tie were bound +to New York. Many of her sons who had gone forth in their youth came +back and called at the New York State building and recalled some +pleasant incident of the old days or made grateful acknowledgment of +some benefit which had come to them from their native state. One of the +most delightful features of all the experiences of those who had the +honor officially to represent the Empire State at St. Louis was the +meeting of the sons and daughters who had long since left home. + + +CONCLUSION + +The gates had scarcely closed for the last time when the work of +destruction and demolition began. All of the beauties of the dream city +which for seven months had been the admiration of thousands and an +inspiration to all to do higher and better things, were swept away +almost in a night and soon the whole scene will be restored to a park. +To those who had come to love its majestic structures, its placid +waterways, its attractive vistas and its fairy like illumination, comes +a pang of regret tempered with the feeling of gratefulness that it ever +existed and that it was their privilege to witness it secure in the +knowledge that it shall always be theirs to remember and to dream of. +Most effectually was the whole story told in an address on Chicago Day, +by Ernest McGaphey, a poet from that city. + +"In its truest sense this Exposition is epic and dramatic. The mere +prose of it will come to lie neglected on the dusty shelves of +statisticians, but its poetry will be a priceless legacy to generations +that will follow. And thus there is one light only which may not fade +from the windows of Time--one glint to illuminate the flight of the +dying years--that gleam which lives in fancy and in memory. + +"And when this vision of magic departs; when the ivory towers have +vanished, and the sound of flowing waters has been stilled, there will +exist with us yet the recollection of it all. And so at the end the most +enduring fabric known to man is woven of the warp and woof of dreams. +The canvas of the great painters will crumble, the curves of noble +statuary be ground into dust by Time, and all this pageantry of art and +commerce disappear. But memory will keep a record of these days as a +woman will treasure old love letters, and in the last analysis the +height and breadth, the depth and scope of this splendid achievement +shall be measured by a dream." + + + +CHAPTER II + +The Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, State of New York + +[ILLUSTRATION] + + +The first steps looking toward the official participation of the State +of New York in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition were taken by the +Legislature of 1902, which passed the following act, receiving executive +approval on April 7, 1902: + +CHAPTER 421, LAWS OF 1902 + +An Act to provide for the representation of the state of New York at the +Louisiana purchase exposition at Saint Louis, Missouri, and making an +appropriation therefor. + +Became a law, April 7, 1902, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, +three-fifths being present. + +_The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and +Assembly, do enact as follows:_ + +SECTION 1. The governor is hereby authorized to appoint twelve +commissioners to represent the state of New York at the Louisiana +purchase exposition to be held at Saint Louis, Missouri, beginning on +the first day of May, nineteen hundred and three, and ending on the +thirtieth day of November, nineteen hundred and three, and for the +purposes of this act such commissioners shall be known as the "Louisiana +purchase exposition commission." Such commission shall encourage and +promote a full and complete exhibit of the commercial, educational, +industrial, artistic and other interests of the state and its citizens +at such exposition, and shall provide, furnish and maintain, during the +exposition, a building or room for a state exhibit and for the official +headquarters of the state, and for the comfort and convenience of its +citizens and its exhibitors. + +2. The members of the commission shall receive no compensation for their +services, but shall be entitled to the actual necessary expenses +incurred while in discharge of duties imposed upon them by the +commission. Such commission may provide a secretary whose compensation, +to be fixed by it, shall be at the rate of not to exceed twenty-five +hundred dollars a year for all services to be performed in carrying out +the provisions of this act, and may also provide such other clerical +assistance and office facilities as it deems necessary, but no salaries +or expenses shall be incurred for a longer period than ninety days after +the close of the exposition. + +3. The sum of one hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be +necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not +otherwise appropriated for the purposes of this act. Such money shall be +paid by the treasurer on the warrant of the comptroller issued upon a +requisition signed by the president and secretary of the commission, +accompanied by an estimate of the expenses for the payment of which the +money so drawn is to be applied. Within ninety days after the close of +the exposition, such commission shall make a verified report to the +comptroller of the disbursements made by it, and shall return to the +state treasury the unexpended balance of money drawn in pursuance of +this act. No indebtedness nor obligation shall be incurred under this +act in excess of the appropriation herein made. + +4. The commission shall, as requested by the governor, from time to +time, render to him reports of its proceedings. + +5. This act shall take effect immediately. + + +THE COMMISSION + +Pursuant to the provisions of this act, Governor Odell named as the +twelve members of the Commission: Edward H. Harriman, of New York city; +Louis Stern, of New York city; Edward Lyman Bill, of New York city; +William Berri, of Brooklyn; Cyrus E. Jones, of Jamestown; Lewis Nixon, +of New York city; John C. Woodbury, of Rochester; Frank S. McGraw, of +Buffalo; John K. Stewart, of Amsterdam; James H. Callanan, of +Schenectady; John Young, of Geneseo; and Mrs. Norman E Mack, of Buffalo. + +A few months after the appointment of the Commission, Cyrus E. Jones, of +Jamestown, resigned, and the Governor named Frederick R. Green, of +Fredonia, in his place. + +The results accomplished by the Commission as attested by the number of +awards received in all of the exhibit departments; in the beauty and +utility of the State building; in the careful procedure as to the +expenditure of State funds, all bear testimony to the wisdom of the +Chief Executive in the appointment of a Commission, all of the members +of which were of acknowledged prominence either in professional, +business or social life. + +Throughout its entire existence the Commission worked with a singular +unanimity and with a hearty interest but seldom found in commissions of +this character. It held twenty-five regular meetings and two special +meetings, the aggregate of attendance at all meetings being two hundred +thirty-one, making an average attendance of eight and fifty-nine +hundredths at each meeting. When it is considered that each member had +large personal interests, and that he served the State absolutely +without compensation, only necessary expenses being allowed by statute, +and that a majority of the members of the Commission were obliged to +travel from 160 to 450 miles to attend the meetings, its record for +faithfulness to duty as shown by the above figures is one in which it +may take a pardonable pride. + + +THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMISSION + +By virtue of being first named by the Governor, Edward H. Harriman, of +New York city, became President of the Commission, which completed its +organization as follows: Vice-President, William Berri; Treasurer, +Edward Lyman Bill. Executive Committee: Louis Stern, Chairman; William +Berri, Lewis Nixon, John K. Stewart and James H. Callanan. Auditing +Committee: James H. Callanan and John K. Stewart. + +There was but one name presented for Secretary of the Commission, that +of Mr. Charles A. Ball, of Wellsville. He was unanimously elected, with +compensation of $2,500 per annum, the appointment taking effect December +8, 1902. In its choice of this officer the Commission was most +fortunate. Efficient, faithful and courteous and with a wide circle of +acquaintances, particularly among the prominent men of the Empire State, +Mr. Ball was peculiarly qualified for the duties of the position. He was +popular with his superiors and his subordinates, and so directed the +work of the several departments within the Commission's jurisdiction as +to procure the very best results. + +Anthony Pfau was later appointed bookkeeper and assistant to the +Secretary, and in the handling of a vast amount of detail work displayed +commendable skill and patience. Seward H. French, stenographer to the +Secretary, was always at his post of duty and cheerfully and faithfully +served the Commission at all times. Herman Kandt, assistant bookkeeper, +completed the office force. + +An informal meeting was held in September, 1902, shortly after the names +of the Commission were announced by the Governor. At this meeting an +invitation was extended on behalf of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Company to attend the ceremonies in connection with the allotment of +sites for the various State buildings. The President appointed +Commissioners Stewart, Woodbury and Callanan a committee to represent +the Commission on that occasion, and on behalf of the State of New York, +to accept the site for its building. The ceremonies in connection with +this occasion are described elsewhere. The first formal meeting of the +Commission was called on December 3, 1902, at 120 Broadway, New York +city. + +At this meeting the Commission determined to maintain offices at 120 +Broadway, New York city, until such time as the New York State building +was opened at St. Louis, and for the expedition of business the +following by-laws were provided: + + +BY-LAWS + +_First_. The officers of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission of the State of New York shall consist of a President, +Vice-President, Treasurer and Secretary. + +_Second_. Regular meetings of the Commission shall be held in the +rooms of the Commission in New York city on the second Wednesday of +every month, at two o'clock P. M., and all members shall be notified by +the Secretary one week in advance of such meeting. + +_Third_. Three members of the Commission shall constitute a quorum +at all regular meetings. + +_Fourth_. An Executive Committee of five members, appointed by the +Commission, shall choose one of their number for Chairman, who shall act +also as Chairman at the meetings of the Commission in the absence of the +President or Vice-President. The Executive Committee shall meet at least +once a month, and shall report at the regular meetings of the +Commission. Three members of the Executive Committee shall form a quorum +for the transaction of business. + +_Fifth_. Any three members of the Commission may call for a special +meeting, through the Secretary, of the entire Commission, at any time, +by giving one week's notice. + +_Sixth_. There shall be an Auditing Committee of two, whose duty it +shall be to examine and audit all bills and accounts when properly +verified. Such Committee shall report to the Commission at each meeting +the amounts of bills and accounts so audited, together with the total +thereof. + +_Seventh_. A Treasurer shall be appointed by the Commission, who +shall pay all bills when they have been properly verified and audited by +the Auditing Committee. + +_Eighth_. The Secretary shall prepare and forward to each member of +the Commission a copy of the proceedings of the previous meeting in his +regular monthly calls for meetings. + +_Ninth_. The order of business at monthly meetings shall be as +follows: + + 1. Reading of minutes of previous meeting + 2. Report of Executive Committee + 3. Report of the Treasurer + 4. Report of regular and special committees + 5. Unfinished business + 6. Communications + 7. New business + + +A STATE BUILDING + +These preliminary formalities over, the Commission began in earnest the +work of preparation for the State's participation at St. Louis. +Believing that the most conspicuous feature of the State's participation +in the Exposition, especially so far as the impression which would be +made upon visitors was concerned, would be her State building, the +Commission gave its first attention to this feature. Having been +assigned such a commanding site, the Commission kept in mind that it was +incumbent upon them to erect upon it a building of appropriate dignity +and dimensions. It soon became evident that, with the appropriation +already made, it would be impossible to erect a suitable building, +maintain it and make suitable exhibits in the great departments of the +Fair in which the State of New York stands pre-eminent. Steps were, +therefore, taken to procure an additional appropriation from the +Legislature of 1903, the matter being placed in the hands of the +Executive Committee. + + +THE ARCHITECT + +At the April meeting Mr. Clarence Luce, of New York city, was appointed +the Commission's architect, and the plans for a State building presented +by him were accepted. On June thirtieth a special meeting was called for +the purpose of considering bids for the erection of the building and +hearing the report of a special committee, consisting of Messrs. Luce +and Van Brunt, who had visited St. Louis to further the interests of the +Commission in this matter. + + +THE CONTRACTORS + +Bids were received from several firms of contractors, ranging from +$80,000 down to the contract price of the building, viz., $56,518, at +which figure Messrs. Caldwell & Drake, of Columbus, Ind., contracted to +complete the building in accordance with plans and specifications of the +architect. The construction work was immediately inaugurated and was +pushed forward so rapidly that the December meeting of the Commission, +which was held on the eighteenth of that month, took place in the New +York State building on the World's Fair grounds. After inspecting the +building and carefully noting the progress which was being made, the +Commission adjourned to meet at the Planters Hotel at seven o'clock in +the evening. Through the courtesy of Honorable George J. Kobusch, +president of the St. Louis Car Company, the private car "Electra" +conveyed the members of the Commission to the grounds and return. + + +EMBELLISHMENT AND FURNISHING + +An offer from the Aeolian Company, of New York city, to install, at its +own expense, a pipe organ in the building was accepted, and an +appropriation of $3,500 was made for an ornamental case to contain the +organ which would be a distinctive addition to the decoration of the +entrance hallway. In the meantime the matter of furnishing the State +building had been in the hands of a Furniture Committee, who had made an +exhaustive investigation upon the subject. In March a contract was made +with Herter Brothers, of New York city, for furnishing the State +building, in accordance with specifications prepared by the Commission, +for $18,000. + + +THE COMPLETION OF THE BUILDING + +By dint of prodigous effort the building was completed, entirely +furnished and ready for the reception of guests on the opening day of +the Exposition, at which time the offices of the Commission were opened +in the State building, the New York offices remaining open throughout +the summer in charge of Harry A. Sylvester. + +The architect was commended for the prompt completion of his work in the +following resolutions: + +"*Whereas*, in originality of design, perfection in detail and +attractiveness in equipment, the New York State building at the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition is thoroughly representative of the +dignity and position of the Empire State, + +"_Resolved_, therefore, that the thanks of this Commission be +tendered to the architect, Mr. Clarence Luce, as a token of our +appreciation of his skill, talent and artistic tastes in creating a +structure which meets with the warmest approval of this Commission, and +which is a fitting home for New York at the World's Fair of 1904. + +"_Resolved_, that the secretary be instructed to forward to Mr. +Luce a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed." + +Throughout the entire Exposition period there were but very few days +that from one to three Commissioners were not present at the State +building. + +By resolution the Commission determined that the lady Commissioner and +the wives of Commissioners, assisted by the official hostess, should be +hostesses of the State building during the period of the Exposition, and +in the absence of those, that the official hostess should act in that +capacity, and it was further determined that any Commissioner or a +majority of the Commissioners present at the New York State building at +any time should constitute a house committee, and have full charge of +the State building. + + +PLANS FOR PARTICIPATION + +During the earlier meetings of the Commission they were waited upon by +representatives of the Exposition Company, and by committees or +representatives of organizations within the State either offering to +co-operate with the Commission in the preparation of exhibit material or +requesting appropriations from the Commission's funds to enable them to +prepare exhibits. + +In February, 1903, Honorable George L. Parker, a representative of +President Francis, addressed the Commission, urging them to see that New +York State was properly represented. He, stated that the people of the +West expected great things of New York State; that the city of St. Louis +and the territory the acquisition of which was commemorated by the Fair, +spent large sums of money in the city of New York alone, and for that +reason it was hoped and expected that New York should lead the other +States of the Union. + +Later in the year, Dr. J. A. Holmes, chief of the Department of Mines +and Metallurgy, appeared before the Commission by invitation and made +some interesting remarks concerning the scientific exhibit, which he +felt it incumbent upon the State to make. He stated that there was no +geological survey, either national or State, as valuable as that of the +State of New York, and strongly advocated that a model oil well derrick +be erected. + +The Legislature of 1903 passed two acts which affected either directly +or indirectly the work of the Commission. The first act provided $50,000 +for participation in the dedication ceremonies of the Exposition and is +as follows: + + +CHAPTER 189, LAWS OF 1903 + +An Act making an appropriation for the due and appropriate participation +by the state in the ceremonies attending the dedication of buildings of +the Louisiana purchase exposition. + +Became a law, April 22, 1903, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, +three-fifths being present. + +_The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and +Assembly, do enact as follows:_ + +SECTION 1. The sum of fifty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may +be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any money in the treasury, +not otherwise appropriated, payable to the order of the governor, as he +may require the same, to be expended by him in such manner as he may +deem proper, for the due and appropriate participation by the state in +the ceremonies attending the dedication of buildings of the Louisiana +purchase exposition, to be held on April thirtieth, and May first and +second, nineteen hundred and three, in the city of Saint Louis; and for +the transportation, subsistence and other necessary expenses of the +commander-in-chief and his staff, and of such portion of the national +guard or naval militia of this state as may be directed to attend, and +for the replacement by purchase of such military property of the state, +as may be rendered unserviceable by this duty; provided that officers +and men performing this duty shall serve without pay. + +§ 2. This act shall take effect immediately. + +The second act amended the original act providing for State +representation, and increased the Commission's appropriation by +$200,000, making $300,000 in all. + +The act follows: + +CHAPTER 546, LAWS OF 1903 + +An Act to amend chapter four hundred and twenty-one of the laws of +nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An act to provide for the +representation of the state of New York at the Louisiana Purchase +exposition at Saint Louis, Missouri, and making an appropriation +therefor." + +Became a law, May 11, 1903, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, +three-fifths being present. + +_The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and +Assembly, do enact as follows:_ + +SECTION 1. Sections one, two and three, of chapter four hundred and +twenty-one, of the laws of nineteen hundred and two, are hereby amended +so as to read as follows: + +Section 1. The governor is hereby authorized to appoint twelve +commissioners to represent the state of New York at the Louisiana +purchase exposition to be held at Saint Louis, Missouri, beginning on +the first day of May, nineteen hundred and four, and ending on the +thirtieth day of November, nineteen hundred and four, and for the +purposes of this act such commissioners shall be known as the Louisiana +purchase exposition commission. Such commission shall encourage and +promote a full and complete exhibit of the commercial, educational, +industrial, artistic and other interests of the state and its citizens +at such exposition, and shall provide, furnish and maintain, during the +exposition, a building or room for a state exhibit and for the official +headquarters of the state, and for the comfort and convenience of its +citizens and its exhibitors. Such commission shall have power and +authority, in their discretion, to sell or otherwise dispose of any +building, furniture, fixtures or other property which shall have been +acquired by it pursuant to the provisions of this section. + +*§*2. The members of the commission shall receive no compensation for +their services, but shall be entitled to the actual necessary expenses +incurred while in discharge of duties imposed upon them by the +commission. Such commission may provide a secretary whose compensation, +to be fixed by it, shall be at the rate of not to exceed four thousand +dollars a year for all services to be performed in carrying out the +provisions of this act, and may also provide such other clerical +assistance and office facilities as it deems necessary, but no salaries +or expenses shall be incurred for a longer period than ninety days after +the close of the exposition. + +*§*3. The sum of two hundred thousand dollars, in addition to the sum of +one hundred thousand dollars heretofore appropriated by chapter four +hundred and twenty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred and two which is +hereby reappropriated for the above specified purposes, or so much +thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in +the treasury not otherwise appropriated for the purposes of this act. +Such money shall be paid by the treasurer on the warrant of the +comptroller issued upon a requisition signed by the president and +secretary of the commission, accompanied by an estimate of the expenses +for the payment of which the money so drawn is to be applied. Within +ninety days after the close of the exposition, such commission shall +make a verified report to the comptroller of the disbursements made by +it, and shall return to the state treasury the unexpended balance of +money drawn in pursuance of this act. No indebtedness nor obligation +shall be incurred under this act in excess of the appropriation herein +made. No member of such commission, nor such officer, shall be +personally liable for any debt or obligation created or incurred by him +as such commissioner, or such officer, or by such commission, or any +such officer. + +*§*2. This act shall take effect immediately. + + +CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER + +The title of the Secretary was thereupon changed to that of Secretary +and Chief Executive Officer, and he was clothed with all the authority +and duties pertaining to the latter position, his salary being increased +to $4,000 per annum. Later his duties were further prescribed by the +following resolution: + +"_Resolved_, that the Chief Executive Officer shall exercise such +direction and management of the office as shall make effective the +various agencies employed. He shall nominate to the Commission all +clerks and employees in all the departments. He shall fix and establish +all salaries of officers, clerks and employees, subject to the approval +of the Commission. He shall in like manner have power to suspend, +without pay, for cause, upon charges made in writing and filed in the +office of the Commission, with such suspended officers, clerks or +employees, and with the Chairman of the Executive Committee, any and all +officers, clerks and employees of the Commission. Discharges or removals +of such officers clerks or employees must be approved by the Executive +Committee of the Commission. He shall have power to visit and examine +the work and management of the several departments created by the +Commission. It shall be his duty to make regular monthly reports to the +Commission, and at such other times as the Commission may be in session +or request such report." + + +CHIEFS OF DEPARTMENTS + +At the meeting of the Commission held in June, 1903, the following +chiefs of departments were appointed: + +Charles H. Vick, of Rochester, Superintendent of Horticulture and +Floriculture, to take effect July 1, 1903, at a salary of $2,000 per +annum. + +J. H. Durkee, of Florida, Superintendent of Agriculture, to take effect +July 1, 1903, at a salary of $2,000 per annum. + +DeLancey M. Ellis, of Rochester, Director of Education, to take effect +June 15, 1903, at a salary of $2,000 per annum. + +Later Mr. Ellis's title was changed to Director of Education and Social +Economy, and he was placed in charge of the exhibits in the latter +department in addition to those of the Department of Education. + + +APPROPRIATIONS FOR EXHIBITS + +The following appropriations were made for exhibits: + +Horticulture and Floriculture $20,000 +Agriculture, including live stock and dairy products 25,000 +Education 20,000 +Social Economy: + State Commission in Lunacy $1,800 + State Board of Charities 1,200 + State Department of Prisons 2,000 + State Department of Labor 1,000 + Craig Colony for Epileptics 500 + General expenses 1,000 + ------- $7,500 +Forest, Fish and Game 18,000 +Scientific 7,500 +Fine Arts 10,000 + ------- + Total $108,000 + +In the departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Education and +Social Economy the work was placed in charge of the chiefs above named. +The Scientific exhibit was placed in charge of the Director of the State +Museum. All of the above exhibits were subject to the supervisory +control of the chief executive officer. The Forest, Fish and Game +exhibit was placed under direct control of the chief executive officer, +valuable assistance being rendered, however, by the Forest, Fish and +Game Commission. + +The Fine Arts exhibit was provided for in the following resolution: + +"_Resolved_, that Mr. W. H. Low, of the Society of American +Artists; Mr. H. W. Watrous, of the National Academy of Design; Mr. J. +Carroll Beckwith, a member of the Art Commission of the city of New +York; Mr. Louis Loeb, of the Society of Illustrators; Mr. Frank C. +Jones, delegate to the Fine Arts Federation from the National Academy of +Design; Mr. Grosvenor Atterbury, of the Architectural League of New +York, and Mr. Herbert Adams, of the National Sculpture Society, be named +as an executive committee on art for the State of New York, whose duty +it shall be to aid the chief executive officer of this Commission to +develop the New York State art exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition, said executive committee to serve without expense to this +Commission." + +By means of the various agencies provided for the preparation of +exhibits, the work was pushed forward as rapidly as possible, the +Commission keeping in touch with its progress through monthly reports +filed with the chief executive officer by the heads of various +departments. + + +ASSISTANCE BY EXPOSITION OFFICERS + +By the time the Commission held its meeting in St. Louis in December +space had been assigned for most all of the State exhibits. There was an +evident disposition on the part of the Exposition Company to do all in +their power to assist the State of New York in making its participation +an unqualified success. In appreciation of this attitude the following +resolution was passed at the meeting held in the city of St. Louis in +December: + +"_Resolved_, that the members of the New York Commission desire to +express to the president of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company +and the heads of the various departments with whom they have been +brought in personal contact, their appreciation of the delightful +courtesy extended them. It is obvious that there is a desire on the part +of the Exposition authorities to facilitate the departmental work of New +York in connection with the Exposition. We cannot fail to express our +admiration of the gigantic task which the officers of this great +international fair have carried to such a successful culmination. In the +entire history of expositions, there has been evidenced no greater +progress, and such work could not have been accomplished save through +the most prodigious efforts on the part of the projectors of this vast +enterprise. When St. Louis opens her exposition gates next year, it will +be to invite the world to witness the greatest exposition in all +history. And be it further + +"_Resolved_, that the secretary be instructed to forward a copy of +this resolution to President Francis and the heads of the various +departments of the Exposition." + + +NEW YORK DAY + +The Commission took considerable care in the choosing of a day to be +known as "New York Day." It was considered important that a date should +be named upon which it would be possible for the Governor to be present. +Moreover it seemed essential that no date during the heat of the summer +should be designated, as but few New Yorkers would be apt to be present +at St. Louis at that time, and, therefore, after mature consideration, +October fourth was designated as New York State Day. + +The Legislature of 1904 passed an additional appropriation of $40,000, +by chapter 640, which is given below: + +CHAPTER 640, LAWS OF 1904 + +An act, to make an additional appropriation to provide for the +representation of the state of New York at the Louisiana purchase +exposition at Saint Louis, Missouri. + +[Became a law May 9, 1904, with the approval of the Governor. + +Passed, three-fifths being present.] + +_The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and +Assembly, do enact as follows_: + +Section 1. The sum of forty thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may +be necessary, in addition to the money heretofore appropriated, is +hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury, not otherwise +appropriated, for the purpose of providing for the representation of the +state of New York at the Louisiana purchase exposition at Saint Louis, +Missouri. The money hereby appropriated shall be applicable to the +purposes specified in chapter four hundred and twenty-one of the laws of +nineteen hundred and two, as amended by chapter five hundred and +forty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred and three, and shall be paid +out in accordance with the provisions of such act, by the treasurer on +the warrant of the comptroller issued upon a requisition signed by the +president and secretary of the commission, accompanied by an estimate of +the expenses for the payment of which the money so drawn is to be +applied. + +*§*2. This act shall take effect immediately. + +This made possible the elaboration of some of the plans which the +Commission had in mind. + + +HISTORY OF THE EXPOSITION PERIOD + +The history of the Exposition period will be found in other chapters of +this report. A description of the State building, detailed accounts of +the dedicatory exercises and the exercises upon State Day, as well as +other important functions, are given. The exhibits in the various +departments are fully described, and the results of the inspection by +the juries are given. + +Throughout the entire life of the Commission death did not enter its +ranks, nor the ranks of its attaches, nor did any untoward incident +arise, although early in the morning of November twenty-first a +catastrophe was narrowly averted. In the middle of the night a fire was +found smouldering in the basement of the building, which, through the +prompt action of the watchman on duty, was extinguished without doing +extensive damage. Many were asleep in the building at the time, and but +for the presence of mind and courage of those on duty the consequences +might have been too fearful to contemplate. + + +DISPOSITION OF EXHIBITS + +At a meeting of the Commission, held just before the close of the +Exposition, the following resolution was passed: + +"_Resolved_, that the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of +the State of New York hereby authorizes the Secretary and Chief +Executive Officer, Charles A. Ball, to turn over to the Lewis and Clark +Exposition Commission of the State of New York any of the exhibits, or +such part thereof as the latter may desire in the various exhibit +departments working under the auspices of the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition Commission of the State of New York for the use of said Lewis +and Clark Exposition Commission, State of New York, with the proviso +that in the case of individual exhibits forming a part of said exhibits +the Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission, State of New York, must get +the consent of the owners of said exhibits and relieve the Commission of +all responsibility relating thereto and return said individual exhibits +to their owners at the close of the Lewis and Clark Exposition, it being +understood, however, that said Lewis and Clark Exposition Commission +must take possession of these exhibits not later than December 15, +1904." + +Upon requisition from the latter Commission the Secretary and Chief +Executive Officer turned over to the Lewis and Clark Exposition +Commission the following material: The complete exhibit of the State in +the departments of Education and Social Economy; the complete exhibit in +the Department of Forestry, Fish and Game, with the exception of the +Log-cabin and the Forest Nursery and a portion of the State exhibits in +the departments of Mines and Metallurgy and Agriculture. + + +ACKNOWLEDGMENT TO PRESIDENT FRANCIS AND OTHERS + +President Francis and the Exposition officials generally throughout the +entire Exposition period extended to the Commission every courtesy and +evinced a hearty interest in the work of New York, endeavoring to +further the interests of the Commission in every possible direction. +Desiring to express in suitable terms its appreciation of these +courtesies the Commission also passed the following resolutions at its +meeting held at the close of the Exposition: + + +"WHEREAS, the Empire State is about to close its official connection +with this, the greatest of World's Fairs; and, + +"WHEREAS, the members of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of +the State of New York, appointed by the Governor, desire to express to +the officials of the Fair their sincere appreciation of the hearty +co-operation which they have rendered the members of this Commission, in +every way facilitating the work of New York in each department of State +representation; and, + +"WHEREAS, in all of the Commission's relations with the officers of the +Exposition, not only has every courtesy been shown the Commission, but +there has been a friendly desire to promote their interests; therefore, +be it + +"_Resolved_, that the cordial thanks of this Commission be extended +to the President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission, +Honorable David R. Francis; to the Secretary, Honorable Walter B. +Stevens; to the Director of Exhibits, Honorable Frederick J.V. Skiff; to +the Director of Works, Honorable Isaac S. Taylor, and to the chiefs of +each exhibit department of the Exposition, with whom the Commission or +its representatives have been brought in contact; be it further + +"_Resolved_, that these resolutions be spread upon the permanent +records of the Commission and a copy of the same forwarded to each of +the above named Exposition officials." + + +COMMENDATION FOR STAFF + +With the exception of closing up its affairs, this marked the end of the +Commission's work and before adjournment the following resolutions +commending the efficiency and faithfulness of its employees were spread +upon the minutes, and a copy was sent to each attache: + +"WHEREAS, this Commission is about to close its work, and for this +reason must necessarily very soon dispense with the services of the +appointees who have served under it since its organization and during +the life of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, it is eminently fitting +that we make record of the faithfulness and loyalty with which said +appointees of every character whatsoever have discharged their +respective duties; therefore, be it + +"_Resolved_, that we take pleasure in certifying to the efficient +manner in which our Secretary and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Charles +A. Ball, has discharged the important duties attached to his position. +From the very inception of the work upon which this Commission entered, +Mr. Ball has proven to be most loyal and faithful, and has ever been +ready and willing to carry out the instructions of this Commission. His +wide acquaintance with the people of New York State, and especially with +her official representatives, has been of inestimable service to this +Commission, not only while the various exhibits were being developed, +but also during the Exposition period itself. That Mr. Ball has +popularized the Commission's work at St. Louis is attested by the +universal commendation which he has received from New York people who +have come in contact with him during their visits to the Exposition and +to the New York State building. Mr. Ball has shown himself to be most +capable in directing the various appointees at the State building and in +the several exhibit departments in the discharge of their various +duties, and has not only carried an this work to the best interests of +the State, but in such a manner as to greatly endear himself to this +Commission and to all of its employees as well. His foresight in +providing for the necessary vigilance during the hours of the night in +the protection of the lives of those in the State building, once +seriously jeopardized by fire, as well as the property of the State from +loss by fire, is especially entitled to the sincere thanks and gratitude +of this Commission; + +"_Resolved_, that in Chief Clerk Anthony Pfau, Stenographer Seward +H. French, Clerks Herman W. Kandt and Harry A. Sylvester, the experience +of this Commission has demonstrated that it made most worthy selections. +They have been faithful assistants to Mr. Ball in the discharge of his +duties and this Commission gladly records its commendation of the +ability with which they have discharged their duties; + +"_Resolved_, that we extend to the Honorable Frank J. Le Fevre, the +Superintendent, and Mr. George B. Cowper, the Assistant Superintendent, +our sincere appreciation for the most praiseworthy manner in which they +have discharged the difficult duties falling to them, and our very +pleasant relations with them shall be ever held in grateful remembrance; + +"_Resolved_, that we have been especially gratified with the highly +satisfactory manner in which Mrs. Dore Lyon, the hostess, Mrs. F. B. +Applebee, the assistant hostess, and Miss Laura C. MacMartin, the matron +at the State building, have acquitted themselves of the duties assigned +to them. We especially accord them our highest appreciation; + +"_Resolved_, that this Commission especially commends the faithful +and efficient services rendered by Mr. DeLancey M. Ellis, Mr. J. H. +Durkee, Mr. Charles H. Vick, Mr. A. B. Strough, Mr. H. H. Hindshaw, Mr. +Harry Watrous and Mr. Charles M. Kurtz, and all their assistants in the +various exhibit departments, in which our State has signalized her +pre-eminence as shown by the large number of awards received. These +gentlemen have always proven loyal to the interests of the State and to +this Commission and they are entitled to the highest regard by this +Commission; + +"_Resolved_, that for all the subordinate employees of this +Commission throughout the State building and all the departments working +under this Commission, this Commission desires at this time to make +complete record of their efficient loyalty and faithfulness in the +discharge of the various duties assigned to them, and we especially +attest our full appreciation for their efforts at all times to make the +work of this Commission in enhancing the interests of the State a +complete success; + +"_Resolved_, that we cannot forget the efficiency of Mr. Hugh J. +Baldwin, who, we believe, by his watchfulness at the time of the fire in +the State building, saved the lives of many of the occupants of the +building as well as the property of the State; for Mr. Hugh W. Bingham, +also on duty during that night, who so efficiently aided Mr. Baldwin in +protecting life and property, we here record our sincerest gratitude; +and be it further + +"_Resolved_, that these resolutions be spread upon the minutes of +the proceedings of this Commission and the Secretary is hereby +authorized to transmit a copy of these resolutions to each of the +employees of this Commission." + +[Illustration: VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING] + + + +CHAPTER III + +New York State Building + + +The New York State building was admirably located upon one of the most +attractive sites within the gift of the Exposition Company, to whom the +Commission, in behalf of the State of New York, desire to make grateful +acknowledgment. + + +THE SITE + +The building stood on the brow of a hill, the land sloping off gently to +the north, and faced upon a broad plaza, through which ran one of the +most frequented highways within the grounds, known as Commonwealth +avenue. For its neighbors were the buildings of Kansas, Iowa, +Massachusetts, Ohio, Wisconsin and Oklahoma, while westward, at the foot +of the hill, was located the great cage erected by the United States +government, which held the exhibit of live birds from the Smithsonian +Institute. + +To no state, with the possible exception of Missouri, the home state, +was so large a site assigned as to New York. Its extent, the undulating +character of the grounds, and the presence of many beautiful, stately +trees, afforded countless opportunities for landscape effects. From the +opening day the grounds presented a charming appearance, the well-kept +lawns giving place here and there to large beds of nasturtiums, poppies, +cannae, and rhododendrons, while at the lowest point on the grounds, +near the northeast corner, was located a lily pond. It was filled with +the choicest aquatic plants of every variety, which were furnished +through the courtesy of Shaw's Gardens and the Missouri Botanical +Society. During the season many beautiful bouquets of varicolored +blossoms were gathered and its surface was almost entirely covered by +odd shaped leaves from which peeped here and there the buds of pond +lilies. + + +TRANSFER OF SITE TO THE STATE + +The site was formally turned over to the Commission on October 1, 1902, +and was received by a committee appointed by the president, consisting, +of Commissioners John K. Stewart, John C. Woodbury and James H. +Callanan. The ceremony took place in the presence of Honorable David R. +Francis, president of the Exposition Company, the Director of Works, and +other Exposition officials, the committee of the New York State +Commission and invited guests. + +The exercises were brief but impressive. President Francis spoke as +follows: + + +REMARKS OF PRESIDENT FRANCIS + +"A universal exposition, either in the United States or elsewhere, would +be incomplete if the Empire State of the American Union were not +represented. This site has been selected for the great State of New +York, and upon this location we trust there will be erected a structure +which will be in keeping with the glorious record New York and her sons +have made from the beginning of this country. New York needs no encomium +from me, none in fact from her sons. She speaks for herself. The +Director of Works will present to the chairman of the New York +Commission the site for the building of the State of New York." + +Honorable Isaac S. Taylor, Director of Works, then formally presented +the site to the Commission, handing to Commissioner John K. Stewart a +handsome banner of purple silk, upon which was painted the coat of arms +of the State of New York. Driving the staff in the ground, thus marking +the site, Commissioner Stewart said: + + +REMARKS OF COMMISSIONER STEWART + +"Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Commission: In behalf of New York +State I receive this emblem. We shall erect here a building suitable for +the great Empire State of New York. I wish to introduce to you Honorable +James H. Callanan, of Schenectady, who will respond in behalf of the +Commission." + +Commissioner James H. Callanan then made the following address: + + +ADDRESS OF COMMISSIONER CALLANAN + +"In behalf of the Commission representing the Commonwealth of New York, +I take pleasure in accepting the site allotted for the Empire State's +building at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. With this acceptance I +beg you to receive the assurance from our Commission that New York will +do her share to make the Exposition an unquestioned success. Upon this +site we expect to erect a handsome and commodious structure where New +Yorkers may meet one another during the Exposition, and where they may +welcome their fellow citizens from every section of our common country. +New York is also desirous of having exhibited here upon these spacious +grounds the evidences of her prestige in the domain of manufacture, of +commerce, of agriculture, of science and of art. + +"The American people are progressive. The indomitable courage and +ambition of the American knows no cessation of effort, no lagging +behind. The expositions held in our country have celebrated great epochs +of our advancement, and they will be pointed out to future generations +as evidences of the onward march of a people unparalleled in the history +of the human race. + +"To these great achievements of a mighty people it is impossible to +estimate the share contributed by the sturdy pioneers and their +descendants of this vast tract of country, the cession of which more +than doubled the area of our country a century ago. What great states +have been carved out of this territory! What wonderful wealth of +resources have been brought forth here! What a splendid citizenship has +been established in this vast region! New York rejoices with you in the +giant strides made by this newer section of our country. + +"It certainly is most appropriate at this time when the republic is +reaching out as a world power that we should celebrate the anniversary +of the first great chapter in the history of our national expansion. +Time has proven that Jefferson and his compeers built greater than they +knew, for by that acquisition of territory there was developed a spirit +of national progress that did not cease even when we first learned to +know no superior among the nations of the earth. + +"Representatives of half a dozen different nations met in the smoking +room of an ocean liner sometime ago. It was suggested that each nation +be toasted. An Englishman paid a glowing tribute to his country. A +Frenchman lauded his nation and a Russian eulogized the land of the +Czar. Then an American arose and said: 'Here is to the United States, +bounded on the north by the North Pole, on the east by the rising sun, +on the south by the South Pole, and on the west by the setting sun.' As +he finished another American present requested that he be permitted to +attempt an improvement on the toast given by his countryman, which +request was granted. He then toasted the United States in this fashion: +'Here's to the United States, bounded on the north by the Aurora +Borealis, on the east by infinite chaos, on the south by the procession +of the Equinoxes, and on the west by the day of judgment.' This indeed +is extravagant language, but that fellow possessed the American spirit +which recognizes no limit to the possibilities of our future. + +"I recognize that this is no occasion for state boasting. Each state, +territory and American possession is unselfishly interested in the +success of this Exposition. However, in connection with what New York is +expected to do for this grand enterprise, you will pardon, I know, this +very brief reference I make to New York's supremacy in population, in +wealth, in manufactures and in commerce. I think it less than twenty +years ago that New York was ahead in agricultural productions, too. +Agricultural supremacy has been tending westward for nearly a half +century, however, and we cheerfully surrender to your broad prairies. +Iowa, Ohio and Illinois now outrank us in farm industry, the first once +a part of the Louisiana tract and the other two cut from the Northwest +Territory. + +"An Eastern farmer on his first visit to the west asked his Western +brother how it was that 'he could plow such straight furrows over such +enormous fields.' 'That's easy,' said the native, 'we follow the +parallels of latitude and the meridians of longitude.' That reply was +significant. It demonstrates quite fully where agriculture is king in +the United States. + +"The end of the great strides that you are making here in the west is +not in sight. Some day your population will be as dense as ours. Slowly, +but steadily, the center of population is creeping westward and by +another decade or so it will most likely cross the great Father of +Waters and move across the land which Jefferson's genius gave to the +republic. New York will be more powerful by reason of your greatness. +Your increasing productions will contribute to our commercial prestige +more and more as the years roll on to make our metropolis continue to be +the greatest seaport on this continent for all time. + +"We share your glory in more ways than this, too. Many of the sturdy men +and women who have settled within the confines of this great region were +native New Yorkers. Our blood has been mingled with yours and our +children are first cousins of yours. New York gave to you because she +could spare and you accepted of us because you wanted the best you could +find. + +"New York then bids the people of this section All Hail! We are with you +heart and soul to make the Exposition a magnificent success. New York +has never failed when a patriotic effort was demanded and as ever before +she will now respond with enthusiasm and will do everything possible +here to sustain her imperial position. + +"Let us hope that the Exposition will accomplish all that is intended. +Let our prayer be that all Americans who pass within the gates when all +shall be made ready for the opening of this Exposition in 1904, will +cherish a higher ambition and a greater love of country and be impelled +to declare with the poet, that + +"'There is a land of every land the pride, +Beloved of Heaven, o'er all the world beside, +where brighter suns dispense serener light, +And milder moons imparadise the night. +Oh, thou shalt find howe'er thy footsteps roam, +That land thy country and that spot thy home.'" + +At the conclusion of Commissioner Callanan's remarks the assemblage +dispersed. + + +DEDICATION OF THE SITE + +The site was formally dedicated at the time of the formal dedication +ceremonies of the Exposition, the special ceremonies being held directly +after the general exercises held in observance of State Day, on May 2, +1903. There were present Governor and Mrs. Odell, the Governor's staff, +a joint committee of the Legislature, Exposition officials, members of +the State Commission and invited guests. + +Having assembled upon the site, William Berri, Vice-President of the +Commission, addressed Governor Odell as follows: + + +ADDRESS BY VICE-PRESIDENT BERRI + +"_Governor Odell_: It gives the New York State Commission to the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition very great pleasure to have you present +here to-day to participate in the simple exercises authorized by the +Commission connected with the beginning of the work of construction of +the New York State building which is to be erected upon this site. A +more desirable grant of space on the Plateau of States could not have +been made for us by the management of this Exposition, and we hope to +place here a building that will add dignity to the location and worthily +represent the State of New York in architectural beauty and practical +usefulness. Your commission has been fortunate in securing for the +architect Mr. Clarence Luce, and the plans and drawings which we have +decided upon from his hand give promise of a structure that the State we +represent will be proud of, and we shall also endeavor to so furnish it +and utilize its facilities as to make it a serviceable and attractive +addition to the large number of State buildings that are to be erected +in its vicinity. + +"Everything has to have a beginning, so we are here to-day to begin our +work of actual construction, and it is specially fitting that we should +have present the Governor of New York to assist in the ceremonies +attendant therewith, for he has always heartily supported the project of +the St. Louis Exposition and has furthered its interests on every +occasion. Therefore, on behalf of the New York State Commission, I ask +you, Governor Odell, to honor the great World's Fair of 1904 by +performing the first actual work upon the structure we propose to erect +by turning the first spadeful of earth for the State of New York and the +New York State building." + +The Governor responded briefly, commending the Commission for its work, +predicting wonderful benefits to accrue from the Exposition and +prophesying that New York would be at the forefront in all of its +departments, after which he lifted the first spadeful of earth upon the +site. He then handed the spade to Mrs. Odell, who lifted another sod; +after which various ladies in the party performed the same act; at the +conclusion of which the assemblage adjourned. + + +OPENING OF THE BUILDING + +The building of the State of New York was the only building on the +Terrace of States entirely ready for the reception of guests on the +opening day of the Exposition. It was a structure thoroughly in keeping +with the dignity and prestige of the great Empire State. Of marked +simplicity in design, there was in its every line and appointment +evidence of the utmost refinement and culture. + +The building was planned primarily for the comfort, accommodation and +convenience of visitors from the Empire State, for the holding of such +functions as the Commission were required to give in the name of the +State, and for the meetings of any associations or delegations from New +York attending the Exposition. It contained no exhibits of any kind, all +of the exhibits being placed in the main exhibit palaces under the +proper subdivision of the official classification. + + +THE ARCHITECTURE + +The building was pure Italian in style, surmounted by a low dome and +surrounded by verandas and terraces. Through the main approach one +entered a large hall sixty feet square, running the full height of the +building, arched and domed in the Roman manner, with galleries around +the second story. From this hall ascended the grand staircase, both to +the left and to the right. + + +MURAL DECORATIONS + +Under the four arches were handsome mural paintings, the work of Florian +Peixotto, illustrating "De Soto Discovering the Mississippi," "The +French and Indian Occupation," "New York in 1803," and "New York in +1903." The four pendentives which supported the dome contained +emblematic pictures representing the four States most benefited by the +Louisiana Purchase, Missouri, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The +lower hall was of the simple Doric order, and the staircase was +augmented by two memorial columns surrounded by dancing groups +beautifully modeled, each column surmounted by a light. To the right of +the entrance hall, and separated from it only by huge pillars, was a +large assembly hall fifty by sixty feet, which was used for receptions, +dinners and other State functions given by the Commission. This hall was +most richly decorated in old golds, Antwerp blues and siennas and, with +its crystal chandeliers and barrel vaulted ceiling running up through +the second story, was one of the most attractive features of the +building. Beyond the grand hall were small dining rooms and serving +rooms connected with the culinary department. To the left of the +entrance hall were waiting rooms, writing rooms and retiring rooms for +the accommodation of guests, while at the extreme south end of the +building were two reading rooms, in which were on file the various daily +papers of the State. But seldom were the reading rooms without visitors +eagerly familiarizing themselves with what had happened at home +subsequent to their departure. Also, on the first floor were coat rooms, +a bureau of information, postoffice, telegraph and telephone offices. + + +OFFICES OF THE COMMISSION + +The second floor contained the offices of the Commission, which were +occupied by the Secretary and the clerical force, and also eight suites +of rooms, consisting of parlor, bedroom and bath, for the accommodation +of the members of the Commission and their guests. One of these suites, +more handsomely furnished than the others, was called the "Governor's +suite," and was reserved for his exclusive use. While not originally +contemplated, the third floor in both the north and south ends of the +building were finished and partitioned into rooms for the use of the +attaches of the Commission. This increased the capacity of the building +by eight rooms. + + +THE SCULPTURE + +Eminent sculptors were employed to prepare the statuary for the building +which was generally conceded to be as fine as any upon the Exposition +grounds, being most admirably adapted to the building as to scale. There +were two massive quadrigae flanking the dome typifying the "Progress of +Art" and the "Progress of Commerce," which were the work of Phillip +Martiny, to whom was also intrusted the work of preparing the elaborate +group, crowding the main entrance to Festival Hall and entitled "Apollo +and the Muses." About the huge columns flanking the steps which formed +the approach and again about the columns at the foot of the grand +staircase were dancing groups most gracefully modeled by Oscar L. Lenz. +The same sculptor was also responsible for the figure of "Greeting" +which stood in the lower niche at the north end of the building. The +coat of arms of the State which appeared frequently in the scheme of +decoration was by Allen G. Newman. The work of reproduction in staff of +the models prepared by the artists was performed by Messrs. Barth & +Staak. + + +THE LIGHTING + +The lighting of the building throughout was by electricity, and was +particularly effective in the main entrance hallway, in that the lights, +for the most part, were concealed behind cornices giving a very soft +effect, and displaying to the best advantage the mural paintings. +Throughout the building electroliers of special design were used. In the +main hallway they took the form of quaint Florentine lanterns which were +particularly rich in modeling and were an important factor in the scheme +of decoration. + + +THE FURNISHINGS + +The furnishings were most appropriate and harmonious throughout, much of +the furniture having been especially built for the place in which it was +to stand. In the main hallway stood massive Florentine chairs and +settees, with high backs, upholstered in mottled embossed leather, each +bearing the coat of arms of the State. The waiting and writing rooms +were appointed and finished in the same simple design which prevailed in +the main hallway, light green being the dominating color, the furniture +being of mahogany, upholstered in Bedford cord. The effect was most +restful to the tired visitor who entered the rooms upon a warm summer +day, and their popularity was attested by the number of Exposition +visitors, both from New York and elsewhere, who sought their quiet and +refreshing atmosphere to recover from the fatigue of Exposition sight +seeing. + + +THE ARCHITECT + +The entire work of designing the building, sculpture, decorations and +furniture was intrusted to Mr. Clarence Luce, of 246 Fourth avenue, New +York city. Thoroughly familiar with the traditions of the great Empire +State, Mr. Luce made the work committed to him a matter of State as well +as professional pride, and the result of his long experience, coupled +with his artistic temperament and sound judgment, was a building to +which each New Yorker pointed with the utmost pride and which each +stranger praised unstintingly. The prompt completion of the work so +thoroughly and satisfactorily done was a source of gratification to the +Commission, who at the first meeting held in the building passed +commendatory resolutions concerning Mr. Luce. + +There were State buildings which represented an outlay of considerably +more money, but none which typified the commonwealth for which it stood +more thoroughly than did the New York State building. + + +THE RESTAURANT + +A pleasant feature was a private restaurant, conducted by Messrs. Bayno +& Pindat, of New York city, the former being the inventor of an electric +range which was used in the preparation of food. The kitchen and +commissary department was in the basement at the north end of the +building. The privileges of the restaurant were by card only, and were +extended to New Yorkers, Exposition officials and prominent Exposition +visitors. The cuisine was most excellent, and throughout the season +appetizing meals were served on the spacious verandas at the north end +of the building, over which canopies had been erected, the illumination +being furnished in the evening by electric lights, contained in Japanese +lanterns. No restaurant upon the grounds enjoyed a greater popularity +among those who were privileged to use it than did that of the New York +State building. + + +THE ORGAN + +To the Aeolian Company, of New York city, the Commission is indebted for +one of the features of the building. This company placed a magnificent +pipe organ in the east balcony of the rotunda, and in the gallery north +of the grand hall, nearly 100 feet away, was installed an echo organ, +while a set of cathedral chimes sounded softly from still another +distant part of the building. All three instruments were under control +of the organist at the console located upon the main floor of the +entrance hall, and could be played either by hand or by music rolls +manufactured by the Aeolian Company. The organ was equipped with an +electric keyboard which permitted the playing of all three instruments +or any single one, as the operator desired. The main instrument was +contained in an artistic case, which, with its decorative ornament, was +built by Charles and Jacob Blum, of New York city, and was an important +enrichment of the hall. + +Mr. S. H. Grover, a representative of the company, was in attendance +throughout the summer and gave a recital each day at three o'clock in +the afternoon. These recitals soon came to be a feature of the +Exposition, and were largely attended by music lovers. + +The program played on New York State day is given below, and is a fair +specimen of the programs rendered throughout the season. + + Overture, "Oberon" Von Weber + Serenade Schubert + The Nightingale Delibes + Overture, "Stradella" Flotow + Berceuse, "Jocelyn" Godard + Selections, No. 11, "La Boheme" Puccini + Am Meer Schubert + Introduction, Act III, "Lohengrin" Wagner + + +THE PIANO + +The Commission also acknowledges the courtesy of Steinway & Co. in +placing in the State building one of the finest instruments ever turned +out by this famous firm of piano builders. Its purity of tone and +singing qualities were remarkable, and during the season several +recitals were given upon it by eminent musicians. The piano was +appropriately named "The Wave," illustrating as it did the wonderful +waterways of the Empire State. The case was made of white hard maple, +admirably adapted for fine carving. Some distance from the edge of the +top the smooth surface commenced to take the undulations of the surface +of water, gradually increasing in volume until the edge was reached, +where the waves seemed to flow over in an irregular line down the sides, +here and there forming panels. The three supports were composed of +female figures sculptured in wood; one supported by a dolphin suggested +the mythical origin of the harp, another was poised upon a dolphin's +back, and the third was a water nymph nestled among the rocks and spray. +The music desk contained a picture of sunrise on Lake Erie. All of the +carving was colored with translucent greens and blues enhancing the +graceful undulations and wave movements. The panels were all designed to +illustrate some of the most important views of the waterways of New York +State. The first represented New York harbor, the next East river +spanned by Brooklyn bridge, another the Hudson, with its palisades. The +panel over the rear support was a view of Albany, showing the Capitol on +the hill at sunset; another showed Cohoes Falls and the Erie canal; the +next contained a picture of Little Falls; the last being a picture of +Buffalo harbor. On the top, as a fitting finale, was a large picture +representing the American Falls at Niagara. Underneath the front half of +the top was painted the coat of arms of the State. + + +THE STAFF + +The State building was at all times in charge of a competent and +obliging staff, which always stood ready to minister to the comfort and +pleasure of the guests of the Empire State. Honorable Frank J. LeFevre, +of New Paltz, was Superintendent. He performed the arduous duties of +directing the actions of the force and attending to a multitude of +details with cheerfulness and efficiency. He was ably assisted by George +E. Cowper, of Olean, the Assistant Superintendent. + +The social functions given in the name of the State Commission were +directed by Mrs. Norman E. Mack, the lady member of the Commission, +whenever she was present. In her absence the social duties fell upon +Mrs. Dore Lyon, who invariably extended the State's hospitality with +grace and tact. The assistant hostess, Mrs. F. P. Applebee, won many +friends in the course of the season through her courteous treatment +toward all guests. The comfort of the Commission and their house guests +was admirably provided for by Miss Laura MacMartin, the matron. + +Acknowledgment is also due to those who faithfully served the Commission +in the State building in various capacities throughout the Exposition +period. + +[Illustration: LIVINGSTON MEMORIAL TABLET] + + + +CHAPTER IV + +Functions Held at the New York State Building + +[Illustration] + + +The State building was generally recognized as the social center of the +Exposition. Many functions were given throughout the season by the +Commission in the name of the State, and the building was constantly in +demand for private entertainments. The use of the building was freely +granted by the Commission so long as the date did not conflict with that +of an official function. To enumerate all of the social events taking +place in the State building is not within the province of this +Commission. + +A list of the official and the more important unofficial functions is +given below: + +_Saturday, April 30_. Opening day. A luncheon was given to members +of the Commission and distinguished guests. + +_Wednesday, May 4_. Luncheon given by the State Commission for Mrs. +Martin H. Glynn, of Albany, wife of National Commissioner Glynn, and for +Mrs. John K. Stewart, wife of Commissioner Stewart. Ladies only were +present. The guests were received by Mrs. Norman E. Mack, assisted by +Mrs. Glynn, Mrs. Stewart and Mrs. Dore Lyon. + +_Friday, May 20_. Reception given by the State Commission to the +New York State delegation to the National Editorial Association, 9 to 11 +P. M. The guests were received in behalf of the Commission by +Commissioner and, Mrs. James H. Callanan, of Schenectady, and by +Commissioner and Mrs. John C. Woodbury of Rochester, assisted by Mrs. +Dore Lyon. + +_Monday, May 23_. Reception given by the National Society of New +England Women. The guests were received by Mrs. Swinburn, of New York, +the President of the Society, Mrs. John C. Woodbury and Mrs. James H. +Callanan. + +_Tuesday, May 24_. Reception given by the State Commission to the +Federation of Women's Clubs, 4 to 6 P. M. + +_Wednesday, June 1_. Breakfast at 12 M. given by the State +Commission to Miss Alice Roosevelt. Only ladies were present. The guests +were received by Commissioner Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Mrs. James H. +Callanan, Mrs. John Young and Mrs. Dore Lyon. There were about 200 +ladies present. + +_Tuesday, June 7_. Ball given by President David R. Francis and +Mrs. Francis in behalf of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company to +the West Point cadets, 9 to 12 P. M. Music was furnished by two bands +stationed in the north and south galleries of the entrance hall. +Refreshments were served upon the verandas. Among the distinguished +guests were General Nelson A. Miles and General H. C. Corbin. + +_Saturday, June 11_. Reception tendered by the Executive +Commissioners' Association to the State Commissioners and World's Fair +officials. This was an informal affair for the purpose of bringing the +States' representatives into closer relations. The receiving line +consisted of Honorable J. A. Yerrington, President of the Association; +Mr. Charles A. Ball, President of the Executive Committee of the +Association; Mrs. F. B. Applebee; Mr. and Mrs. F. R. Conaway and Mr. +Stacey B. Rankin. + +_Wednesday, June 15_. Luncheon by the State Commission in honor of +Mrs. William Berri, wife of Vice-President Berri, and Miss Stern, of New +York city. The guests were received by Commissioner Mrs. Norman E. Mack, +Mrs. Berri and Miss Stern. + +_Friday, June 18_. Dinner given at 7 P. M. by Mr. Louis Stern, +Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Commission, in honor of +President and Mrs. Francis. Mr. Stern was assisted in receiving by Miss +Stern and Mrs. Norman E. Mack. + +_Saturday, June 25_. Dedication of the New York State building. +Exercises described in Chapter V. + +_Thursday, June 30_. Reception given by the State Commission to +officers and members of the Council of the National Educational +Association and to New York State teachers. The guests were received by +Vice-President and Mrs. William Berri; Commissioner and Mrs. John K. +Stewart; Mrs. Dore Lyon; Honorable Howard J. Rogers, Chief of the +Department of Education of the Exposition, and Mrs. Rogers; John W. +Cooke, president of the National Educational Association; and Mrs. +DeLancey M. Ellis. An organ recital was played by S. H. Grover and +refreshments were served in the grand hall. + +_Monday, August 1_. Reception given by the Executive Commissioners' +Association. + +_Thursday, September 1_. Reception given by the Executive +Commissioners' Association. + +_Thursday, September 8_. Reception given by Mrs. Dore Lyon to the +Hostesses' Association. + +_Monday, September 12_. Electrical engineers tendered a reception +to the visiting engineers assembled in convention on the Exposition +grounds. + +_Monday to Wednesday, October 3 to 5_. New York State week. +Exercises described in Chapter VI. + +_Tuesday, October 11_. Reception given by the Liberal Arts Club. + +_Friday, October 28_. Dinner given by Commissioner Frederick R. +Green, who was assisted in receiving by Commissioner Mrs. Norman E. +Mack. + +_Tuesday, November 15_. Brooklyn day. Exercises described in +Chapter VII. + +_Saturday, November 19_. Luncheon given by the Michigan Commission +to the Governor-elect of Michigan. The invited guests included +Vice-President William Berri and Secretary Charles A. Ball, of the New +York State Commission. + +_Monday, November 21_. Reception and ball given by the Beta Sigma +Chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. (This function was to have been +held in the Missouri building. The use of the State building was +extended on account of the destruction of the Missouri building by fire +on Saturday, November 19th). + +_Tuesday, November 22_. Young people's dance. Courtesy to Missouri +Commission on account of fire. + +_Thursday, November 24_. Thanksgiving day. Exercises described in +Chapter VIII. + +_Friday, November 25_. Charity ball and Kirmess given by the ladies +of St. Louis for the benefit of the Martha Parsons Free Hospital for +Children of St. Louis, and for the fund for the Trades School for Girls +of New York. The majority of the guests were in fancy costume. In +addition to the regular dancing program there were special fancy dances. + +_Monday, November 28_. Dinner given by the State Commission in +honor of Honorable Oscar S. Straus and Mrs. Straus, and Honorable St. +Clair McKelway and Mrs. McKelway. Vice-President Berri of the Commission +presided, and the guests were received by Vice-President and Mrs. Berri +and Mrs. Norman E. Mack, assisted by the guests of honor. + +In addition to the above entertainments two musicales were given under +the auspices of Boellman Brothers; and the Pikers' Club, an organization +composed of attaches of the State building, gave a minstrel performance +at the Inside Inn on Monday evening, September nineteenth, for the +benefit of the Model Playground and Day Nursery. + +[Illustration: ON THE LAGOON] + + + +CHAPTER V + +Dedication Day + + +The New York State building was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on +Saturday, June twenty-fifth. The exercises were attended by Governor +Odell and invited guests, members of the State Commission, Exposition +officials, State and foreign representatives and many others. + + +PROGRAM FOR DEDICATION DAY + +The program for the day was as follows: + + 10:30 A. M. Concert on Plaza in front of State building by Weil's band + of St. Louis + + 11:30 A. M. Exercises in grand hallway, William Berri, Vice-President + of the Commission, presiding + + Invocation by the Rev. Carroll N. Davis, Dean of Christ Church + Cathedral + + Address of welcome by President David R. Francis + + Address transferring State building to Governor Odell by Vice-President + William Berri + + Acceptance by Governor Odell + + Organ recital by S. H. Grover + + 8 to 11 P. M. Reception given to Governor and Mrs. Odell by the State + Commission + + Music by the Haskell Indian band + +The day opened bright and clear, the warm rays of the sun being tempered +by a cool breeze. The building was not opened to the public until the +conclusion of the band concert, which was held between 10:30 and 11:30. +As soon as the doors were opened a large audience quickly gathered to +take part in the formal exercises of the day. In the assemblage was an +interesting couple, Mr. Horace Stowell, aged 93 years, and wife, who had +journeyed from Madison, N. Y., a distance of over a thousand miles, to +be present at the dedication ceremonies and to visit the Fair. + + +THE FORMAL EXERCISES + +Promptly at 11:30 William Berri, Vice-President of the Commission, +called the assemblage to order and introduced Rev. Carroll N. Davis, who +offered the invocation. At its conclusion Mr. Berri delivered his +address. The slight change in program was due to the fact that President +Francis was necessarily detained for a short time. + +Vice-President Berri said: + +"Governor Odell, it is with very great pleasure your New York State +Commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition welcomes you in the New +York State building here erected upon the spot where a little over one +year ago you honored us by turning the first spadeful of earth for the +foundation. + +"Your Commission has endeavored to carry out your expressed wishes to +provide for the people of New York who may visit this wonderful World's +Fair, a building that shall fittingly represent the State of New York +and add its share with the other state buildings to beautifying the +grounds. + +"We are much pleased that it is a matter of record that not only was +this building complete in every detail and its doors thrown open for +inspection on the opening day of the Exposition, but also that all +exhibits under the control of your Commission, in the various +departments, most of which are very much larger than ever before shown +by New York State, were ready and in place at the moment President +Francis officially declared that the great St. Louis Exposition was open +to receive the world. + +"We wish to thank President Francis and all officials connected with him +in this great undertaking, for the uniform courtesy with which we have +been treated, and for the valuable assistance that has been so +generously given to us in carrying out our plans. + +"It has been a most pleasurable task. We have fully accomplished what we +have sought to attain. There is nothing lacking in the realization of +our anticipations. As to whether we have acted wisely it is for you to +judge. If, as the executive head of our State, it shall please you to +commend the results we submit for your approval, this will be the +proudest day in the history of the Commission." + +As Governor Odell rose to respond to the remarks of Mr. Berri, he +received an ovation, for which he bowed acknowledgment several times and +finally raised his hand for silence. He spoke as follows: + + +ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ODELL + +_"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen"_ + +"We are here to-day to dedicate a building which represents the interest +of New York State in this great Exposition. Here, during the period when +thousands shall visit these grounds, those who owe allegiance to the +Empire State will find a place which will typify to them their home and +impress them, let us hope, to a greater degree with the vastness of our +State and of the position which it occupies in our commonwealth of +nations. To those who have been intrusted with the work we owe thanks +for the conception of their duty and for this magnificent edifice which, +in its strength and beauty of architecture, is symbolical of the Empire +State. In every phase of our nation's history, in all that has made it +great and powerful and respected, New York has been both conservative +and wise in the aid which it offered, powerful in the resources which it +furnished in the building up of our republic. From the time when the +courage and patriotism of our forefathers wrought out the nation down to +the latest acquisition of our territory there is no page of history +which does not tell of the devotion and statesmanship of New York's +citizens. + +"It is always a remarkable event in the history of the world when one +nation disposes of any part of its domain to another through peaceful +methods. War has almost always been the means through which nations have +expanded and pushed forward their boundary lines. Trade requiring an +outlet has more frequently been the cause of bloodshed than almost any +other national or international question. That our country, therefore, +at an early period in its history, should have been able, through +peaceful means, to secure the vast domain beyond the Mississippi is a +tribute to the statesmanlike policies of those who conceived its +purchase. True it may be that the wars of other nations aided in its +consummation, but it is also equally true that the man who was most +directly responsible for the purchase was a son of the Empire State. Nor +did the results of this early diplomatic victory stop here. The +principle thus established has frequently led to more peaceful methods +of adjusting questions of territorial boundary, both in our own and +other countries. It may be that much that has since been accomplished +through arbitration is but the evolution of this idea, and it may lead, +let us hope, to the time when such questions will no longer render +necessary the arbitrament of the sword. + +"It was proper, therefore, that our State, in its dignity, with its +conservatism and with its intense patriotism, should be among the first +to contribute of its means to make of this Exposition the grand success +which it promises. With each succeeding international exposition the +world becomes wiser, artisans more skillful, the contributions to +science and art more valuable; in a word, they raise the standard of +civilization and hasten the time when all men shall pay homage to the +ruler of the universe. As inventions are developed which make the worker +more effective, which broaden the field of usefulness, there come +responsibilities and problems which require education and discernment to +meet and solve. Under the softened touch of Christianity, religion and +education there should come about a universal brotherhood of man broad +enough in scope to embrace all humanity. In all the work of the world, +in all that is for the development of man, in everything that holds out +promise to the future, New York State we may justly say, if not the +leader, is at least in the fore ranks. Its broad acres are rich and +fertile, and the commerce of the world enters at its ports. The +manufacturer finds willing hands with remunerative wages striving to +produce that which is necessary for our comfort and which adds so much +to the wealth of the nation. Its laws are broad and ample in their +scope, with no distinction as between man and man, and beneficent in +their operation, while our citizens evince impulses which are worthy of +emulation by all those who believe in the future of our republic. We +have more of wealth and a greater population than any other State within +the Union. Our cities are cosmopolitan in character, made up of +representatives of all nations, but so nicely adjusted are our laws that +they are assimilated into our population and become Americans among +Americans, actuated by a common patriotism and a common desire for the +continued development of our land. + +"In these great halls, in these magnificent buildings devoted to art, to +education, to mechanics and to agriculture, exhibits are to be found +which are on a par if they do not excel, those of other nations. The +advancement of New York, however, is but typical of every other State in +the Union, in the continued prosperity of which all are equally +interested. A nation of separate States, there is no dividing line of +envy between them, no wish except for the prosperity and development of +each, a common hope for a common country. How necessary it is, +therefore, that in all that has to do with society a broad catholic +spirit should dominate and control. Ours is not a country of classes, +but one of equality--a country whose aim is the education of its +citizens. It is our common object to perpetuate the principles of +American independence. Anything that retards human progress, or that +would make of a man a mere machine without brains, is to be deprecated. +Our object should be to encourage and to promote thrift, and to instill +into the mind of every citizen a desire for advancement. In this +direction our State will be found always in the forefront and the +evidence of her greatness will be measured rather by the intelligence of +her citizens than by mere accumulation of wealth. Therefore, that which +protects labor, which encourages capital, should be the aim of modern +legislation. While we participate in the celebration of this great +national event, as we mark our progress along every line, we feel a +natural pride in all that has been done in other States, in all that has +been accomplished by other people. As we look into the future, as we +consider its possibilities, let us hope that our nation will never +forget that this government is one by the people, and that its power and +influence among the nations of the world will continue only so long as +due weight and consideration is given to the rights of individuals. +While rejoicing as citizens of New York, let us hope for the continuance +of those policies and principles which have made our nation prosperous, +and let us not forget that moderation and conservatism should be the +measure of our efforts, and all that we do shall be for the advancement +of all the people. + +"The citizens of New York extend their congratulations to the people of +the west and northwest. We hope that from this great Exposition there +shall come a closer communication between all the people of the earth, a +broadening of human effort, the advancement of civilization and a +growing respect for our country and our flag which will make us a power +for the good and peace of the world. + +"It is a great pleasure for me to accept on behalf of the State of New +York this magnificent building, and again to congratulate you as the +President of the Commission, and the architect who has wrought this +wonderful work, for the painstaking care that you have exercised in the +development of New York's interests in this great Exposition." + +During the address of the Governor, President Francis quietly entered +and was introduced at its conclusion. He was warmly received and made a +characteristic address. He paid a warm tribute to the Empire State and +her Chief Executive, and complimented the State Commission upon the work +it had performed and spoke of the New York State building as one of the +social centers of the Exposition. + +His remarks in part follow: + +"Your distinguished son, Robert R. Livingston, was the man who first +negotiated for the purchase of Louisiana. No exposition would be +complete without a representation from the Empire State. The Exposition +management has already pointed with pride to the New York building, the +social functions of which have been among the marked attractions of the +Exposition. + +"I am here to thank New York not only for her material contribution to +the World's Fair, but for the spirit her citizens have given to this +Exposition. + +"We of the West flatter ourselves that we have arrived at that stage of +our progress when we can invite every people on the globe to come and +see for themselves what a century of Western civilization has +accomplished." + +At the conclusion of the ceremonies Governor Odell held an informal +reception, during which Mr. S. H. Grover, of New York, played an organ +recital. + +THE EVENING RECEPTION + +The State building was appropriately decorated for the evening reception +given in honor of Governor and Mrs. Odell, and many hundred guests +called to pay their respects between the hours of eight and eleven. The +receiving party consisted of Governor Benjamin B. Odell, Jr., Mrs. +Odell, Mr. and Mrs. William Berri, Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Mr. and Mrs. +John K. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. John Young, Mrs. Daniel Manning, Mr. Frank +S. McGraw, Mr. Frederick R. Green, Mr. John C. Woodbury, and Mr. William +T. Van Brunt, representing President Harriman. The guests were presented +to the receiving party by Major Harrison K. Bird, private secretary to +the Governor. Two lines of United States marines guarded the approach to +the receiving line and prevented crowding and confusion. + +Music was furnished by the Haskell Indian band and later in the evening +dancing was indulged in by many of the guests present. Supper was served +at ten o'clock at small tables on the verandas, the following being the +menu: + + CELERY OLIVES RADIS +AMANDES SALEES FEUILLES SUEDOISES + BOUCHEES DE VOLAILLE A LA REINE +CANAPES DE LUXE SANDWICHES ASSORTIS + GLACE NEW YORK FRIANDISES + CAFE + LEMONADE EXPOSITION PUNCH + + +[Illustration: GRAND BASIN, FROM FESTIVAL HALL] + + + +CHAPTER VI + +New York State Week + + +The week beginning October third was set aside by the Exposition +authorities as New York week; Monday, October third, being designated +"New York City Day," and Tuesday, October fourth, "New York State Day." + + +NEW YORK CITY DAY + +New York City Day was observed with exercises in the City Building on +the Model street at eleven o'clock in the morning, which were presided +over by Thomas W. Hynes, the Commissioner officially representing the +city. Mayor McClellan was represented by Charles V. Fornes, President of +the Board of Aldermen. There were also present an official delegation +representing the city. Addresses were made by Archbishop J. J. Glennon, +of St. Louis; Right Reverend Bishop McNamara, of New York city; Walter +B. Stevens, Secretary, and F. J. V. Skiff, Director of Exhibits of the +Exposition; Howard J. Rogers, Chief of Department of Education and +Social Economy, and others. Luncheon was served at noon at the Tyrolean +Alps, and from three to five in the afternoon a reception was held in +the City Building, which was attended by exposition officials, national +and state representatives, St. Louis society and many New Yorkers. In +the evening a sumptuous banquet was served in the Town Hall of the +Tyrolean Alps, which was presided over by Commissioner Hynes. + + +SERENADE TO GOVERNOR ODELL + +Governor Odell and staff and invited guests reached St. Louis Monday +morning, October third. At noon the Governor was tendered a serenade by +the Philippine Constabulary band of 100 pieces. On Monday evening a +dinner was given at the State building by the New York State Commission +in honor of the Governor and Mrs. Odell, and President and Mrs. Francis. +Owing to a death in the family, President and Mrs. Francis were unable +to be present. Mr. D. M. Houser, of the Board of Directors, represented +President Francis. There were no formal speeches, Governor Odell simply +regretting that President Francis could not be present. + + +PROGRAM FOR NEW YORK STATE DAY + +The program for New York State day was as follows: + + 11 A.M. Concert by the Garde Republicaine band, of + Paris, France, on the Plaza in front of the State + building + + 12 M. Formal exercises of the day in the grand entrance + hall, Col. Edward Lyman Bill presiding + Invocation by Rev. Dr. William W. Boyd, of St. + Louis, formerly of New York + Address of welcome by Col. Edward Lyman Bill. + Address of greeting in behalf of Exposition Company + by Hon. Franklin Ferriss + Address by Governor Benjamin B. Odell, Jr. + Organ recital by S. H. Grover, of New York city + + 9 to 12 P. M. Reception and ball given by the New York + State Commission in honor of Governor and Mrs. + Odell. Dancing after ten o'clock + +While not marked by the presence of militia and other spectacular +features which generally accompany the celebration of a State Day, the +exercises in the State building which were held at noon were most +dignified and impressive. The day opened clear and cool, and the +spacious verandas of the State building were well filled long before the +time set for the concert. + + +THE GARDE REPUBLICAINE BAND + +The Garde Republicaine band is composed of 100 skilled musicians and is +considered by many to be the finest band in the world. No musical +organization which visited the Exposition during the entire season +received more compliments or more flattering press notices than those +accorded this band. They played the following program: + + 1. March, "Lisbon"--L. Planel + 2. Overture, "La Princesse Jaime"--C. Saint-Saens + 3. Fantasie On the Opera "LeCompte Ory"--G. Rossini + Soloists, MM. Paradis, Laforgue, Joseph Barthelemy, + Morfaux, Couilland, Fournier + 4. Three Celebrated Menuets-- + (a) Menuet--L. van Beethoven + (b) "Ox" Menuet--J. Haydn + (c) Menuet Favori--W. A. Mozart + 5. March, "Egyptian"--J. Strauss + +At the conclusion of the formal exercises they were entertained at +luncheon by the State Commission. Through their leader, M. Gabriel +Pares, they expressed hearty appreciation of the courteous treatment +accorded them by the State of New York, and attested the same by playing +a second concert in front of the State building between the hours of two +and four in the afternoon. It was worthy of note that the building of +the State of New York was the only State building at which this band +played during its entire stay at the Exposition, their concerts being +invariably given either in Festival Hall or in the grand bandstand in +Machinery Gardens. + + +THE FORMAL EXERCISES + +At twelve o'clock the assemblage was called to order by Colonel Edward +Lyman Bill. There were present Governor and Mrs. Odell, the Governor's +staff, a joint committee of the Legislature, members of the State +Commission, invited guests, several representatives of the Exposition +Company, representatives of State and foreign commissions, and a large +audience, many of whom had journeyed all the way from New York State to +be present at the ceremonies. + +The personal party of the Governor consisted of Governor Benjamin B. +Odell, Jr., Mrs. Odell, Mrs. William Kelly, Mrs. S.L. Dawes, Mrs. Hall +and Miss Odell. + +The Governor's staff comprised Brigadier-General Nelson H. Henry, +Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff; Major Harrison K. Bird, Military +Secretary; Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Sherrill, Aide-de-camp; +Lieutenant-Commander Alfred Brooks Fry, Naval Militia, Aide-de-camp; +Major Charles C. Davis, Thirteenth Regiment, Aide-de-camp; Major Richard +H. Laimbeer, Second Brigade Staff, Aide-de-camp; Major Amos E. McIntyre, +First Regiment, Aide-de-camp; Captain John T. Sadler, Thirtieth Separate +Company, Aide-de-camp; Captain Edwin W. Dayton, Twenty-second Regiment, +Aide-de-camp; First Lieutenant William L. Thompson, Twelfth Separate +Company, Aide-de-camp; First Lieutenant Chauncey Matlock, Third Battery, +Aide-de-camp; First Lieutenant Thomas Barron, Seventh Regiment, +Aide-de-camp; First Lieutenant Augustus S. Chatfield, Eighth Regiment, +Aide-de-camp; First Lieutenant Cornelius Vanderbilt, Twelfth Regiment, +Aide-de-camp. + +The joint committee of the Legislature comprised Hon. Jotham P. Allds, +Norwich; Hon. S. Frederick Nixon, Westfield; Hon. James T. Rogers, +Binghamton; Hon. Edwin A. Merritt, Potsdam; Hon. Robert Linn Cox, +Buffalo; Hon. Thomas D. Lewis, Oswego. + +Colonel Bill called upon the Rev. W. W. Boyd, of St. Louis, formerly of +New York, to invoke the Divine blessing. + +Dr. W. W. Boyd: + +"Our Father, we thank Thee for this beautiful day and this assembly of +the loyal sons and daughters of our native State. We rejoice that Thou +hast gathered us into families, and so into communities, commonwealths +and the perfect union of all the states. + +"We bless Thee for the history of this great State, its part in the +glorious Revolution, in the preservation of the Union, its development +in every branch of human industry, its material prosperity, but above +all, for its humanities, its growth in philanthropy, education and +religion. + +"Bless, we beseech Thee, His Excellency the Governor, and all associated +with him in making, interpreting and executing the laws. + +"Bless the President, Directors and all who have helped to create and +develop this marvelous Exposition, especially the Commissioners of the +State of New York, who have erected this splendid building, and by the +varied exhibits in the palaces of the Exposition portrayed the wonderful +progress of the Empire State. + +"And grant, O most merciful Father, that the fruits of this great +Exposition may be enlarged national prosperity, international comity and +peace, and the strengthening of the ties of human brotherhood throughout +the world. + +"May Thy special blessing be upon the exercises of this hour; may the +words of our mouth and the meditation of our hearts be acceptable in Thy +sight, O Lord, our Strength and our Redeemer. Amen." + +Colonel Bill then delivered the following address: + + +ADDRESS OF COLONEL BILL + +"On behalf of the New York State Commission I extend greeting and hearty +welcome to the official representative of President Francis, to Governor +Odell, our distinguished guests, to the sons and daughters of New York, +and to all who have honored us with their presence here to-day. It was +on this site, upon May 2, 1903, Governor Odell lifted the first spadeful +of earth where this beautiful structure has since been erected. Upon +that occasion New York was represented by our Chief Executive, his +staff, and troops numbering nearly fifteen hundred men from all branches +of the military and naval service of the State. On last April thirtieth +this building, sumptuously appointed, was formally opened to the public. +I may say, with pardonable pride, that the report which the Commission +made at that time showed that not only was our building complete in +every detail, but all of the State exhibits as well were ready for +inspection. The work of our Commission has been along pleasant lines, +and we have been constantly stimulated by hearty support from the +Exposition authorities. It is fitting that we should express our sincere +appreciation to President Francis and the sterling coterie of men with +whom he is surrounded for the aid and assistance which they have so +willingly rendered this Commission in every way. Our Governor has taken +a warm interest in New York's participation at this Fair, and on many +occasions he has made manifest his desire that New York's representation +should be ample and complete in every particular. In many of the +magnificent places, such as Education, Agriculture, Horticulture, +Forestry, Fish and Game, Mines and Metallurgy, our State has collective +exhibits which show her varied resources. In this beautiful structure +will be evidenced further proof of New York's generous participation in +this great Exposition. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition has a deep +interest for New York, for one of the principal figures instrumental in +bringing about that purchase was Livingston, a distinguished son of the +Empire State, and it was he who negotiated the treaty and was first to +sign it. And yet the real authors of that great transaction on this side +of the ocean were neither Jefferson, Madison nor Livingston, and I think +historians will agree with me when I say it was more the influence of +those hardy frontiersmen of Kentucky who demanded free navigation for +the magnificent inland river which rolls by us in its eternal flow to +the Gulf of Mexico. The influence of those men, the vanguard of +civilization, could not be disregarded by those who were at the head of +our governmental affairs more than a century ago. Then, the more we look +at this transaction, the more evident it is that the outcome of it was +due to that man whose shadow even now falls sharply athwart the whole +continent of Europe--Napoleon Bonaparte. It was his ambition which threw +into the grasp of the infant republic the splendid empire out of which +have been carved twelve sovereign States and two Territories. At that +time Napoleon uttered one of those far-seeing expressions which is +important in its prophecy. 'Perhaps,' he said, 'it will be objected to +me that the Americans of two or three centuries hence may be found too +powerful for Europe, but my foresight does not embrace such remote +fears. Besides, we may hereafter expect rivalries among members of the +Union. Confederacies that are called perpetual last only until one of +the contending parties finds it is to its interests to break them. It is +to prevent the danger to which the colossal power of England subjects us +that I would provide such a remedy.' No such vision of the future came +to our American statesmen, many of whom bitterly opposed the purchase of +the Louisiana Territory. When the bill came up for discussion on the +floor of Congress, Josiah Quincy, afterwards mayor of Boston, and for +many years president of Harvard College, said, speaking of the +incorporation in the Union of the territory of Louisiana: 'It appears to +me that this measure would justify revolution in this country. I am +compelled to declare it as my deliberate opinion that if this bill +passes, the bonds of this Union are virtually dissolved; that the States +which compose it are free from their moral obligation, and that, as it +will be the right of all, so it will be the duty of some to prepare +definitely for a separation, amicably if they can, violently if they +must.' He said further: 'If this bill passes, it is a death blow to the +Constitution.' Strange words, indeed, in our ears at this time, and it +shows that the American statesmen of those days had not the imagination +of Napoleon. + +"What has this purchase meant to New York to have in this Union this +great empire? What has it meant to the Union itself to have this +splendid territory incorporated in it? It has meant for New York +prosperity and increased commerce to the people of all our land and +furnished homes for the sons and daughters of New York. The States +carved out of that great Empire have all borne their share in the heat +of our national life and they have contributed immeasurably to the +nation's growth and development, and we have come in this country, +notwithstanding the immense separation and diversity of interests, to +work together under one flag, with one interest for a common country, +and this great Exposition should teach not only us of the East but of +all other sections of the country that we should avoid the danger of +finding ourselves separate in sentiment from one another. In this great +western empire we all take a common interest, and the success of this +Exposition redounds to the credit and honor, not only of the men who +have carried it to such successful issue, but upon the whole country. We +all shine in the reflected glory of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, +which shows the high-water mark of human progress. It is indeed the +greatest of all international fairs and a lasting credit to the artistic +skill of the men who planned and executed it. It is the culmination of +all that has been done in the wide expanse of territory purchased from +France in 1803, and the achievements of all nations in the world since +that day. It is a far cry from the early oriental fairs in the East, +which were perhaps the early ancestors of this great Exposition, and all +honor and credit and glory is due the men who stood shoulder to shoulder +in carrying this great enterprise to such a magnificent culmination. It +represents American skill, American enterprise, American endeavor, and +its influence will be felt upon this country long after those men who +have played their successful part in this great moving drama have passed +from earth. Words are inadequate to fittingly describe the beauties of +this magnificent Exposition. It is individual effort as well as +concerted effort which has brought about these splendid results. It is +one of the brightest pages in American history, and what glorious +memories a perusal of these pages arouse! We can turn the pages of +recorded history from the time when the boats of the adventurous Genoese +unfolded their white wings in the harbor of Palos and sped across the +unknown seas to bring back upon their return evidence of the existence +of a new world far across the wide waste of waters. In fancy we picture +that sturdy band kneeling with Columbus, richly attired, upon the tropic +sands, while over them floats the blood and gold banner of Spain, as the +priest clothed in vestments of his office asks the blessings of Almighty +God upon the land which Columbus claims in the name of the House of +Castile. In the background we see waving palms and dark-skinned men who +gaze with awe upon the white discoverers. In another scene we see the +cold wintry waves surge and dash around the frail craft fighting its way +across dark tempestuous seas from Plymouth, the little bark tossed like +a feather here and there until she lands on that rock-bound coast known +as New England. We see that little colony--Freedom's seed--germinate and +thrive; first the grain, then the tender plant, ever exposed to severe +conditions, then matured into the oak of a giant nation. We see those +brave colonists who have planted the banner of human liberty upon the +inhospitable shores push ever onward, ever extending the fringe of +civilization, struggling against disheartening obstacles, fighting wild +beasts and savage men, but pushing on with indomitable courage. We see +the historical gathering at Philadelphia, resulting in that document +embodying Jefferson's superb crystallization of popular opinion that +'all men are created free and equal and endowed with certain inalienable +rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of +happiness;' that American magna charta which swept away forever the will +of kings in this land. The people became the rulers and the accident of +birth carried no rank, conferred no privilege. We see the loosely joined +colonies building a nation which contained these elements of greatness +little dreamed of by those hardy pioneers who so generously gave up +their offering of blood on Freedom's altar. The kaleidoscope still +turns. We see those intrepid founders of the school of liberty pushing +their lines ever onward across rivers, deserts, over mountains clad with +eternal snow until the golden shores of California gladden the eye of +our valiant explorers. Then a pause, and over land and sea hang dark +clouds of fratricidal war. Four long years through the valleys and over +the mountains of the Southland surges the red tide of battle. The days +were dark and full of gloom, when lo! the clouds parted and the heavens +again were blue. The nation had been born anew, and on the fair pages of +her history appear no longer the dark stain of human slavery. The strong +arm of enterprise quickly washed away the red stain of war. The word +'America' had a deeper and more sacred meaning than before, and the +nation was re-established on the indestructible foundation of national +unity; the blocks were laid in the cement of fraternal esteem. Still the +picture which we see revolves. Across the waters of the Pacific America +sweeps towards the fulfillment of her world wide destiny. The Stars and +Stripes wave over the palace of the kings in Honolulu. Still again the +nation's sword is unsheathed in the cause of human liberty, and the last +vestige of Spanish power is swept from the new world. The thunder of +Dewey's guns awakens us to the fact that the American banner is planted +into the far Orient, there to stay forever, and under its protecting +folds manifold blessings are carried to the people of those islands +lying in the purple spheres of summer seas. While the drum of all +American progress is heard around the world, it too may be truthfully +said that the sun never sets upon the soil over which Freedom's banner +proudly floats, for when the light of the dying day is fading from Porto +Rican hills the golden rays of the morning sun are reflected upon the +shimmering folds of Old Glory on the gray old battlements of Manila. + +"It is indeed inspiring, the history of this great nation, guided to its +ultimate issue as a stately ship is wafted over the seas to the harbor +of its destination. I wonder if in this ceaseless struggle for gold and +gain we pause long enough to study the true character of those men to +whose valorous deeds we owe so much, those men who planted the tree of +human liberty so deep that even the shock of revolution of succeeding +wars could not uproot it, those men who demanded of Jefferson a free +Mississippi and who made this Exposition possible. All honor to those +heroes who stood shoulder to shoulder in the days which tried men's +souls, who, in the gloom and suffering of Valley Forge, saw in the +distance the rainbow of hope shining over the dark clouds of defeat. +They saw the light of a great nation which would serve as a beacon in +the world progress and a refuge for the persecuted of the nations of +earth. All races contributed to the founding of this beloved country. +The roster of the Revolution is filled with names which show that the +liberty loving of all European nations gave up a generous offering of +blood on Freedom's altar. In our veins courses blood of all nations, and +it is the healthy commingling of that blood which has produced a race of +world conquerors. It has produced the men who have made possible this +great Exposition. We have been placed in the world's crucible, have been +melted in the glowing heat of a nascent life, and have been forged into +a weapon which shall carve the world. Our ideals are worthy, the hopes +and aspirations of the nation devoted to justice and love; ideals which +shall be the steadfast inspirer of nations and individuals to +uprightness, to justice and to honor." + +The presiding officer then expressed regret at the unavoidable absence +of President Francis on account of bereavement in his family. He +introduced judge Franklin Ferriss, General Counsel to the Louisiana +Purchase Exposition Company, who delivered the following address: + + +ADDRESS OF JUDGE FERRISS + +"I regret extremely, for your sake and his, that the brilliant man who +stands at the head of this Exposition cannot be here to-day to greet you +in person. Still I must admit that I am not unmindful of the fact that I +owe to his misfortune and yours the very great privilege of appearing +before you to extend a welcome to the people of my native State. + +"The President of the Exposition bids me say to you that there has been +no occasion on these grounds--that there will be none in the future--in +which he would more gladly participate than this. + +"The Exposition management feels under peculiar obligations to the State +of New York. We are indebted largely to her prompt and liberal +co-operation for the high stand which the Exposition has taken. We are +indebted to the Governor, to the New York Commission, to the gracious +hostesses of this building, to the splendid woman who has, with rare +tact and dignity, co-operated with the Exposition as President of the +Board of Lady Managers. + +"In the building of this Exposition, science, invention, art, +manufacture, the field, the forest, the mine, the air and the water have +contributed their choicest treasures. How well we have succeeded in +presenting them you must judge. But I wish to say to you that no matter +how high a standard we have reached, still more important than all else +is the representation upon these grounds of our splendid American man +and womanhood. No man can walk about this Plateau of States, view these +beautiful structures, see the people coming together from the north and +the south, the east and the west, uniting in common loyalty and respect +for our institutions, without feeling his heart swell with pride and +gratitude. + +"It is no disparagement to our sister States, for me, a loyal son of New +York, to say that it is most fitting that the Empire State should be +pre-eminent here also in the beauty of her building, the character of +her exhibits and the magnificent representation of her people. + +"I am proud of the State of New York--proud of her history, her +scholars, her statesmen, her soldiers--proud of her material +prosperity--proud of the great metropolis through whose gates thunders +the commerce of the United States. + +"I love the State of New York--her broad and fertile valleys, her +stately rivers, the lakes which glisten like jewels on her bosom, her +mountains which rear their tops to the clouds; but most of all I love +the quiet life of the country home--the honesty and industry of the +plain people. + +"Our old home! Who can forget it? The great barn with its huge beams and +fragrant mows of hay--the sparkling brook whose shining shallows bathed +my naked feet--the broad meadow with its fence corners of luscious +berries--the old schoolhouse, whose desks are impressed with generations +of jack-knives! Was there ever so sweet a draught as that which we drew +from the shining depths of the old well? + +"And yet the country boy grew restless. With his ear to the ground, he +heard the distant hum of industry. He heard the tramp of a million feet +in the great cities. He felt that the battle of life was on, and, that +he must take his place in the struggle. And so he turned his back upon +the old home. + +"Ah! how many grave faced fathers and tender, sweet faced mothers have +watched their boys, one by one, go out into the world, and have turned +back in solitude, cheered by an occasional visit, an occasional letter, +to wait until their days should be fulfilled. And how many of us must +now say that their days have been fulfilled, and that a simple stone +marks their last resting place in the village churchyard. + +"What have we gained by this? Contentment? They had it. Respect of our +fellowmen? They had it. Success in life? They had it. True, their +fortunes were small--and yet they had no clutching fear that +speculation, fraud or treachery would rob them of the fruit of a life's +toil. And they had an abiding faith that there would be provision for +the years to come. Aye, that there would be provision for the last +journey to that land, where, according to their simple faith: 'The +wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest.' + +"I will yield to no man in loyalty to the State of my adoption; but who +can chide me if my heart clings to the home of my childhood, to the +graves of my forefathers? + +"If we, who have left the old home to build a new one in the West, can +be faithful to the traditions of our childhood--if we can bequeath to +our children the lessons of industry, honesty and economy which our +fathers gave to us--we shall do more to honor the State of New York than +we could do by rearing marble to the skies." + +The presiding officer then introduced Honorable Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.; +Governor of the State, who received a great ovation, it being some time +before the Governor was able to proceed with his remarks. His speech was +punctuated with liberal applause. + +He said: + + +ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR ODELL + +"The diplomacy which led up to the acquisition of the Louisiana +territory furnishes one of the most interesting incidents in the world's +history. The establishment of a republic devoted to the interests of, +and affording liberty of conscience and freedom of action to its +citizens, was an experiment in government which could not have succeeded +if any restraint had been placed upon that liberty, or if its +constitution had not been broad enough to meet the demands of a growing +country. From the settlement of America down to the Revolutionary War +sanguinary strife had been the lot of the American people. The thrifty +Dutch and the stolid determined Anglo-Saxon sought not in this country a +mere temporary home, for, unlike the Spaniards, their dream was not of +gold, but rather their hope was for a liberty so broad and catholic in +its character that it would grow with succeeding years and make certain +that peace they had sought for in vain in the land of their birth. + +"The earlier colonial and Indian wars had drawn upon the resources and +heroism of our forefathers. Hardship and toil had imbued them with a +consciousness of their strength and instilled into them that spirit of +independence which enabled them, after long years of strife, to +establish our republic. It was this people, after having gained their +independence, in the belief that foreign complications were forever at +an end, who, at the close of the Revolution, turned their attention to +peaceful pursuits and endeavored to meet every requirement of a growing +country. With characteristic skill and industry they began the +development of those tremendous resources of our country, the measure of +which is almost beyond human conception. Here, under liberal laws and +wise administration, the people found that which had been heretofore +lacking in the government of the world. Invention had not yet made +possible the intercommunication facilities which we of the present +enjoy. Upon water transit, therefore, they were obliged to depend for an +outlet for the commerce of their western territory. The barriers which +were sought to be interposed to communication over the mighty river +which rises in the northwest brought forth vigorous protests from those +who had just begun to cultivate its fertile fields. Angry passions were +aroused, and the people of our country who had been so successful in +carving out the republic demanded that this barrier should be removed. +Livingston and Monroe, clothed only with power to effect a treaty which +should insure this right of transit, with no possible opportunity of +quick communication with their government, took upon themselves the +responsibility which brought to a successful consummation the +relinquishment of this vast territory. + +"Thus was brought to the people of the United States a question which +had never been contemplated by the framers of the constitution. That +instrument had been the production of the wisest men of the times. They +had successfully met the problem of drawing into an indissoluble union +the thirteen states, many of which were acting under peculiar laws which +were contrary to the Declaration of Independence, under which the +battles for freedom had been fought and won. While there was authority +for the admission of new states, there was no constitutional permission +for the purchase of territory. The power of the Federal government to +perform acts of sovereignty had not yet been passed upon, and there was +grave doubt as to the wisdom of ratifying the treaty without a +constitutional amendment. When we look over the results which have +followed this expansion of our country, when we calculate our manifest +growth in population, in wealth and in industry, all of these appear +insignificant beside the result which was accomplished in showing to the +world that we were living under a constitution broad enough in its +provisions to be so interpreted as to insure success to popular +government. That Jefferson and his advisers acted wisely in so +construing their power at that time is undoubted. If there were no other +achievements of that wonderful administration, then this alone would +suffice to make it a memorable one. + +"Doubt, lack of courage and insincere opposition are always the refuge +of a coward. Here was a nation demanding that which was necessary for +its trade, desirous of reaching a solution through peaceful means if +possible, but determined to acquire it at all hazards if necessary. +There was no question as to the consent of those whom we took over, and +to whom we gave the protection of our flag, or as to nice points of +constitutionality, when the greater object in view was the onward +progress of civilization, the building up of hope and the fulfillment of +our destiny as a nation, to perpetuate those principles which mean so +much in the redeeming of the world. The exigencies of a later war found +a precedent in the courage of Jefferson and enabled Lincoln to wipe from +the escutcheon of state the blot of slavery which had too long tarnished +it. + +"That the acquisition of this territory was accomplished through +peaceful means rather than by bloodshed was another triumph for +civilization. While wars have come since, and may come in the future, +the plan of arbitration which has been adopted so generally by this and +other nations may perhaps have had its inception in this peaceful +solution of a burning and important question to this country. Our Union +now is one that is composed of commonwealths bound together by all that +means common interest, the common weal and common protection of all the +people. It leads to the hope that when the representatives of all of the +states have decreed by a majority that which is for the best interest of +the whole country, then these questions should no longer be the subject +of partisanship or party differences, but the government should have the +loyal support of all who believe in America and her future. The same +laws govern us, the same protection should be and is accorded to every +citizen, and there is no individual or isolated community that does not +share in the prosperity of all others whose interests are on the same +plane of equality. For a time natural advantages may unduly favor one +section of the country, but the accumulation of wealth brings about the +development of the natural resources by which other sections are built +up, and their people share in the general prosperity. Our State perhaps +has benefited more through the development of the west and the northwest +territory than almost any other commonwealth. The natural valleys which +permitted the building of the Erie canal and the connection of the Great +Lakes with the harbor of New York brought this territory in close +communication with the Atlantic seaboard. The growing demands of the +world led to the cultivation of the fertile fields of the west, the +development of the mines and the building up of cities and manufactures, +until to-day we have other ports whose facilities have been increased by +the improvement of waterways and the building of thousands and thousands +of miles of railroad. While there may be an apparent decrease in some +localities and a corresponding benefit in others, yet so intimate are +our connections and associations that the prosperity of one, instead of +being a menace to the growth of any other locality, really aids in +building it up. So diversified are our interests, so skillful our +people, that we may compare the whole Union to a great workshop, one +vast cultivated field of industry, all laboring, not for the advancement +of separate cities or localities, but for the continued growth of our +common country. + +"It is only through ignorance that people have a misconception of these +truths. The development of the human mind is no less important than the +development of the physical condition of man. His education, therefore, +is a paramount duty of the state, and his protection against the +weakening of his physical condition is equally important. That +legislation has recognized these facts is shown in laws, not only of the +nation, but of each individual state, which seek to guard and protect +the youth against unwise labor, which seek to instill into his mind that +intelligence which comes only from wise and broad educational +facilities. Every able bodied citizen of our country is an asset, and +those who through weakness, however painful the admission may be, are +incapacitated from labor, must be entered upon the debit side of the +national ledger. Therefore, the laws that guard against burdensome toil, +too long hours of labor, and against ignorance, are not only +humanitarian in their character, but are best calculated to promote the +interest of all the people. In the division of society, those who labor +and those who represent capital should always be in accord, and the +demands of either should never trespass upon the rights of the other. It +is too frequently the case that through misunderstanding of our laws and +the higher economical conditions that friction does arise between these +two great elements of society. The right of every man to sell his +products or his labor in the best market is unquestioned, and any +interference with this principle of sound government is a menace to the +republic itself. We are reaching a point in our history when +conservative and wise judgment must prevail, and the common sense of the +people dictates such a solution of these problems as will meet every +demand that is in harmony with sound government. Our own State has taken +long steps in advance upon these questions, and to us with whom these +differences more frequently occur the people will look for wise +deliberations and conclusions. + +"Every man should be a part of the government. He should feel it to be +as much his duty to respond to civic responsibilities as do those living +under a monarchy, whose early tuition instills in them the belief that +they owe the best part of their lives to the military service of their +government. As they are undeterred by fear of death or disaster, so +should our young men be undeterred from entering public life by calumny, +villification and abuse, which they see too frequently and too unjustly +bestowed upon others. + +"New York is here to-day by its official representatives to testify +first to its loyalty to the purposes for which this Exposition was +conceived; to show the people of the West that in their progress we are +interested, and that to them we look for such returns in dividends upon +the stock of patriotism as will give to our nation men of energy, of +right impulses. To you we owe much, and from you we expect much. Our +efforts will be to aid you in every laudable undertaking, to stand +behind you in all that means the prosperity of our common country. You +have here an Exposition of which you may be justly proud. Nothing like +it has ever been known in the annals of the world. Skilled workmen from +all parts of the earth are here to aid in its success. Here you witness +not only the steady progress that has been made in the sciences, the +arts, and agriculture, but you have before you also exhibits from some +of the possessions which have recently come under our control. We may +study here some of the problems which demand solution at the hands of +the American people. Our flag has been planted in a far-off land, and we +must face responsibilities which it would be cowardly to shirk. A +message has come to us as to all other nations, to do the Master's +bidding and to spread christianity and civilization into the remotest +parts of the earth. To us have been intrusted duties that have cost us +the blood of some of the bravest men of the north and of the south, of +the east and west. Here we may see something of that which has been +accomplished, as well as a presentation of those conditions which it is +our duty to correct. It is our privilege to give to others the same +liberty which we enjoy ourselves, to establish some form of government +such as ours whenever these people are ready for it, and it is our duty +to protect them in their weakness until they are prepared for it. It was +the dream of our forefathers that our country should be confined between +these two magnificent oceans, but despite these hopes in later years +additional responsibilities have come, Which the American people are too +proud to shirk and too courageous to abandon. There is no one who has +seen the progress which is here represented who does not believe that +the work for civilization which is ours to perform has already had such +an impetus that the time will come when we shall bless those who had the +courage to stand for it against those who demanded another solution of +this important question. To our credit be it said, that no true American +demands the surrender of these possessions, and that the only question +of difference between the people of our country is whether they shall be +given their independence now, or when they are in a condition to enjoy +it. + +"This Exposition stands, not only as a monument to our progress, but to +our united and determined effort to take a prominent part in all that +means the advancement of mankind and the prosperity of the whole world. +We owe that which we are at present to the devotion and heroism of the +men of the past, and to protect and guard the inheritance which has come +to us should be our aim. To be broad and conservative in our conception +of our duties and responsibilities should be our purpose. To instill +into the minds of our youth a determination to meet every question with +true American courage should be our object. Every effort that makes for +the good of humanity is a fitting tribute to that national policy which +has taught us that there is no responsibility too great for our citizens +to bear, and that in the onward progress of civilization America +recognizes her duty and will not fail in its performance." + +At the conclusion of the Governor's address the benediction was +pronounced by the Rev. W. W. Boyd, after which Governor Odell held a +public reception, shaking hands with several hundred people, who pressed +forward to greet him. During the progress of the reception Mr. S. H. +Grover, of New York city, rendered an organ recital. Luncheon was served +the Governor and party in the offices of the Commission, and the +afternoon was devoted to sight seeing. + + +THE EVENING RECEPTION + +In the evening was held the grand reception and ball in honor of +Governor and Mrs. Odell. Six thousand invitations had been issued for +the function, those invited including the President of the United States +and his Cabinet, judges of the United States Supreme Court, United +States army and navy officers, governors of all the states, New York +State officers, members of the New York State Legislature, judges of the +Court of Appeals and Appellate Division and Supreme Court, Exposition +officials, members of the National Commission, members of State and +Foreign Commissions, the Board of Lady Managers and many prominent +citizens of the Empire State and St. Louis. In spite of the fact that +the day assigned to the State of New York, a year before by the +Exposition Company, fell upon the date of the greatest festival of all +the year in St. Louis, viz., The Veiled Prophets' ball, which is similar +to the Mardi Gras festival at New Orleans, it did not affect the +attendance at the reception in the least, many people attending both +functions. Throughout the evening the capacity of the building was taxed +to the utmost by those who came to enjoy New York's proverbial +hospitality. + +The exterior of the building and the grounds were illuminated on a +lavish scale by the Pain Pyrotechnic Company, of New York city. The +entire building was outlined by means of thousands of fairy lamps, and +many strings of Japanese lanterns were festooned from the roof line to +the veranda balustrade. Fairy lamps were used in profusion about the +grounds, forming unique figures, and at various points spelled the words +"New York." At no other function during the entire Exposition were such +elaborate illuminations attempted on the part of any state commission. +The interior decorations consisted of the National and Exposition +colors, gracefully wound here and there about the pillars, supplemented +by festoons of smilax, which was used in profusion in the entrance +hallway. Special music for the event was furnished by Fancuilli's band, +of New York city, and Schoen's orchestra, of St. Louis, which were +stationed respectively in the south and north galleries of the grand +entrance hall. + + +THE RECEIVING PARTY + +The receiving line was stationed at the foot of the grand staircase, the +guests entering at the south portal of the building and approaching +through the reception rooms. + +Receiving with the Governor and Mrs. Odell were Mrs. Norman E. Mack, +Colonel and Mrs. Edward Lyman Bill, Mr. and Mrs. John C. Woodbury, Mr. +and Mrs. Frank S. McGraw, Mr. Frederick R. Green, Mrs. Daniel Manning, +Hon. S. Frederick Nixon, Mrs. Doré Lyon and Hon. James T. Rogers. The +guests were presented to the Governor by Major Harrison K. Bird, his +military secretary, two lines of United States marines guarding the +approach to the receiving party. The Governor's military staff, +resplendent in vari-colored uniforms, formed a line directly in front of +the receiving party, and, while adding eclat to the occasion, prevented +any crowding about the receiving line. + +Supper was served at eleven o'clock at small tables upon the verandas. +The following was the menu: + + RADISHES CELERY OLIVES + SALTED ALMONDS BONBONS +OYSTERS A LA PAULETTE CHICKEN SALAD + ASSORTED SANDWICHES + ICE CREAM PETIT FOURS +LEMONADE COFFEE CLARET PUNCH + +Dancing began at ten o'clock and continued until the wee sma' hours. + + +CONCLUDING FUNCTION + +The final event of State week was a breakfast given by the State +Commission on Wednesday noon in honor of Governor and Mrs. Odell, and +Mrs. Daniel Manning, President of the Board of Lady Managers. The +breakfast was perfectly informal, no set addresses being delivered. + +The functions of the entire period were voted by one and all to have +been most successful in every respect, and New York again proved its +right to the title of a most gracious and generous host. + +[Illustration: COLONNADE OF STATES] + + + +CHAPTER VII + +Brooklyn Day + + +One of the last special days to be observed during the Exposition was +Brooklyn Day, the exercises of which were held on November fifteenth. As +one of the speakers on the occasion aptly said, it was the only day +throughout the Exposition period which was formally set apart by the +Exposition management in honor of a political division less than a +municipality. A special train bearing a large delegation of +representative Brooklynites arrived in St. Louis Monday, November +fourteenth. Although the date was late in the season, the weather was +ideal, and everything was done for the pleasure and comfort of the +visitors. The ceremonies were divided between the New York State +building and the New York City building, upon the Model street, and +consisted of exercises at 11:30 A.M., followed by a luncheon at one +o'clock at the New York State building, and a reception at the New York +City building from eight to ten in the evening. + + +THE PROGRAM + +The program for the formal exercises in the New York State building was +as follows + + Address of welcome, William Berri, Vice-President, New York State + Commission + + Address, Hon. J. Edward Swanstrom, on behalf of the Committee of One + Hundred + + Permanent Chairman, Colonel William Hester, president of the Brooklyn + Eagle + + Response, Major Peter J. Collins + + Address, Hon. Rolla Wells, Mayor of St. Louis + + Response, Hon. Charles A. Schieren, ex-mayor of Brooklyn + + Oration, Hon. Thomas P. Peters, editor of the Brooklyn Times + + Aeolian organ recital + +Promptly at 11:30 A. M. the assemblage was called to order by +Vice-President William Berri, who, in behalf of the State Commission, +extended a cordial welcome to all present. He then called upon J. Edward +Swanstrom, who made brief remarks in behalf of the Committee of One +Hundred. + +At the conclusion of Mr. Swanstrom's remarks, Colonel William Hester was +installed as permanent chairman. Upon taking the chair Colonel Hester +said: + + +COLONEL HESTER'S REMARKS + +"I am very sensible of the honor conferred upon me, but will be unable +to fulfill the duties, except in a most perfunctory way. It is very much +to be regretted that the Honorable Martin W. Littleton is not able to be +with us to-day. As the official head of the government of the borough, +he was to have presided on this occasion. In his absence Major Peter J. +Collins, who was at the head of an important department, will respond +for his chief. I now introduce to you Major Collins." + + +SPEECH OF MAJOR COLLINS + +"_Your Honor, Mr. Francis, and ladies and gentlemen:_ In responding +as the representative of the administration of the borough of Brooklyn, +I feel that you must realize the unenviable position I occupy of +appearing on such brief notice and of acting as the mouthpiece of our +president, the Hon. Martin W. Littleton. Mr. Littleton instructs me to +convey his most sincere regrets to your honor, to Mr. Francis and to the +ladies and gentlemen constituting the Committee of One Hundred, on his +enforced absence on this occasion. As some of you are aware, there has +been an election in this land. Previous to this election there was +carried on what some of us supposed was a political campaign. This +campaign engaged the interest of every worthy citizen and public and +private affairs of business have been neglected to some extent as a +consequence. In the business of the borough Mr. Littleton is confronted +with a vast accumulation of matters of greatest importance to Brooklyn, +both in the local work and in the various boards and committee meetings +in Manhattan, and he has reluctantly concluded that his absence from the +city at this time would amount to an almost criminal neglect of his +duty. He asks me to convey to you the congratulations and good wishes of +the many thousands of our people who are unable to be with us to-day. +Brooklyn has had a deep sympathy with your fair city in this tremendous +enterprise, and has watched with keen interest and satisfaction your +success in overcoming the many difficulties that lay in your way. +Brooklyn herself has awakened from her sleep of almost ten years, and +the sound of the hammer and the saw and the ring of the trowel are heard +on every hand. Owing to the enterprise, energy and self-sacrificing +efforts of many of the men who are with us to-day, she is astonishing +the country by the wonderful increase in population. Brooklyn can no +longer be regarded as the bedroom of Manhattan, for Manhattan is rapidly +becoming only the workshop of Brooklyn; we can no longer be regarded as +the little brother of Manhattan, for we are rapidly becoming a very big +brother. Consequently, ladies and gentlemen of St. Louis, we feel +qualified to appreciate the satisfaction and joy you may justly feel in +this your hour of triumph, and we extend to you the right hand of +fellowship and congratulate you on this wonderful creation of yours, +that must go down in history as the greatest exposition in the history +of mankind." + +Mayor Wells was unavoidably detained by an important engagement. The +Chairman then introduced Mr. Schieren, and in doing so said: + +"This is no fairy story, yet I will commence it that way. Once upon a +time we of Brooklyn had a city all to ourselves. We were proud of our +city and very desirous that it should be well governed, and were careful +in the selection of men to fill its highest office, and thus it came to +pass that one of our most successful efforts in that direction was the +choice for mayor of our city of the gentleman whom I shall now present +to you, Ex-Mayor Charles A. Schieren." + +Mr. Schieren was warmly received and spoke as follows: + + +ADDRESS OF EX-MAYOR SCHIEREN + +"In the name of the Brooklyn delegation I thank you sincerely for your +cordial greeting and the hearty welcome extended to us. We fully +appreciate your kind hospitality. We have come here to enjoy this +glorious Exposition which already has attained such a great fame. Its +magnificence and grandeur, both as to the magnitude of its buildings and +their exhibits, is a surprise to every visitor. You may be proud of your +achievements. + +"This Exposition seems to exceed all others held in this country, and in +many respects those held in the world. + +"The Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia, commemorating the foundation +of our government, gave our people the first idea of the extent and +scope of our labor-saving machinery and the advance made in the +manufacture of our American goods. It stimulated the manufacturing +interests in our country. + +"The Columbian Exposition at Chicago commemorated the discovery of +America. It was noted for its excellent foreign exhibits. It gave our +people an opportunity to compare the products of America with those of +other nations. The so-called White City had a peculiar charm and made a +deep impression upon every one. It seemed a perfect dream, ever to be +remembered. People declared that it could not be excelled, but hardly a +decade has passed when the enterprising, energetic citizens of the +commercial metropolis of the great southwest arranged another World's +Fair to commemorate the historical events of the famous Louisiana +purchase, even upon a larger scale and overshadowing all others in this +country. We may exclaim justly--Will there ever be another Exposition +greater and more important than the one just about to close? + +"We seem to marvel at nothing in this progressive age. We always wonder +what other marvellous inventions may be in store for us to necessitate +another Exposition upon a gigantic scale, to be held somewhere in this +country. Perhaps within another decade, when the Isthmian canal is +finished, the golden stream which will connect the waters of the Pacific +and Atlantic oceans, we may celebrate at the national capital city the +greatest event of the twentieth century, bringing to the commerce of the +world peace and plenty. At the same time we may hope to celebrate the +establishment of our American merchant marine, the one thing needed to +carry our American products and goods into the harbors of the world, +floating the Stars and Stripes now so seldom witnessed upon the ocean +vessels. This country seems to forge ahead at a rapid pace, not only in +its material wealth, but in everything that tends to the happiness of +our people, even the humblest citizens sharing in the general +prosperity. Every section has cause to rejoice--the South with its +cotton, the North with its financial resources, the West with its farm +products, the East with its industries, all seem to participate in the +general welfare of the country. In conclusion let me thank you again for +the courtesy extended to our people, and we wish you great success in +this stupendous enterprise." + +At the conclusion of Mr. Schieren's remarks the presiding officer said: +"For many years the _Brooklyn Times_ was owned and edited by the +late Mr. Bernard Peters. He was a man of strict integrity, high moral +ideals, and a forceful writer. The editorial chair of the _Times_ +is now occupied by his son, Thomas P. Peters, a worthy son of a worthy +sire. Ladies and gentlemen, I take pleasure in introducing to you the +orator of the day, Mr. Thomas P. Peters." + +Mr. Peters was greeted with hearty applause as he arose. His oration in +part follows: + + +ORATION OF MR. PETERS + +"To speak a word for Brooklyn at this time, I was not the first choice +of the Committee of Arrangements. Unanimously that honor was assigned to +one of Brooklyn's favorite sons. But sickness of a most serious nature +overtook him only a few days ago, and after a brief illness, he was +early last Wednesday morning called to his final rest. Although upon +pleasure bent, our hearts are sorrowful because of this loss to +Brooklyn. + +"Joseph C. Hendrix had been prominent in Brooklyn life a quarter of a +century, prominent enough to have been nominated at one time for mayor +of the old city by one of the great parties. He served Brooklyn for many +years as president of its board of education; was its postmaster, and +also represented one of its districts in the halls of Congress. Of +recent years he had withdrawn from public life and devoted himself to +the financial world. There he soon assumed a commanding position as bank +president, and his organizing abilities were constantly in demand. He +was one of Brooklyn's great men, and I regret that he is not here to-day +to fill the position for which he was so well fitted. Our borough is +rightly in deep bereavement because of the taking off of this, a +faithful servant. + +"This party of Brooklynites has come over 1,000 miles to celebrate at +this magnificent exposition a day set apart for itself. We come not from +a sovereign State. Neither do we come from an independent city. We come +from but part of a great city. I will venture to claim that Brooklyn Day +at the St. Louis Exposition will be the only day set apart for any +municipal body holding a place by law of less dignity than that of a +city. Why, then, does Brooklyn send us out to make her name known here +and to extend her greetings to St. Louis? Because for years Brooklyn was +a city, and with more independent citizens to the total population than +were to be found in any other part of the known world, and she is still +true to her history. She had then a spirit that was the very +personification of municipal patriotism. She could tear down a dishonest +political rascal with greater celerity than any other city in the land. +She kept her two great parties equally balanced; each a foil to the +other, each a stimulant to the other for good government, and upon the +average she enjoyed better service than American cities usually obtain. + +"It is almost seven years since Brooklyn lost her cityhood. During that +time she has been a dependent borough within the great city of New York. +Many thought that when that transition took place Brooklyn would lose +her old-time spirit, her pride would be humbled and she would sink into +the slough of despair, but we are here to-day to make known to these +United States that Brooklyn's old-time courage is as high, her spirit is +as heavily charged with municipal energy and her pride is the same pride +as of old. + +"Brooklyn is a peculiar community. She differs from all others. The wits +have long fed upon her. General Horace Porter has called her a city of +4,000,000, 1,000,000 of whom are alive. Another has said that there are +two places to which every dead New Yorker goes, either to heaven or to +hades and to Brooklyn. He may escape one or the other of the two former. +He cannot escape the latter. Simeon Ford has declared that Brooklyn lies +midway between the quick and the dead, midway between reckless, +extravagant and wicked old New York and sober, sombre and serene +Greenwood. McKinley ran for President upon the issue of the full dinner +pail. The students of Princeton College recently asserted that Roosevelt +was running upon the issue of a full baby carriage. The President must +have secured his inspiration from the manner in which the cartoonists +always pictured the Brooklyn man, behind the perambulator. We ourselves +recognize that Brooklyn is peculiar and unusual. Her like is not known +to the world. That fact is proved to an extent by my former assertion, +that Brooklyn is the only community without municipal rank that will +have here a day of her own. The fact that we are here in body and that +she is here in spirit clearly shows that the old courage is still in her +heart. Brooklyn may be only a borough, she may be only an 'abutment for +bridges,' as President Littlejohn once feared she would become, but she +is to-day the same independent Brooklyn she was back in her cityhood, +and she is as proud of the things that make her great as many of the +cities of the things that make them merely flashy. + +"Her former spirit lives; it lives because since consolidation Brooklyn +has assumed a commanding place in the councils of the greater city. +Brooklyn has chosen as her three borough presidents men of force, who +have been recognized as leaders by all the boroughs. At first the +borough government was a mockery of a government. It was only a +government in name. Our first president, Edward M. Grout, chafed under +its restraint. He demanded that the boroughs be allowed a voice in city +affairs, and that local improvements be given into the charge of borough +officials. To him the State Legislature listened, and his successor in +that office found himself with something beside the shadow of power, and +his administration was a marvel to Brooklyn in what it achieved. Other +boroughs looked on in envy, while J. Edward Swanstrom set a pace so +rapid that its like will be difficult to produce. Our first president, +Mr. Grout, became the comptroller in the second administration of the +greater city. The comptrollership of New York city is as important as +that of Secretary of the United States Treasury. Brooklyn was then and +is yet the dominant force in the life of the metropolis. The entire city +recognized Mr. Grout to be a man acquainted with even the minutest +details of the city's government. Brooklyn's place at the table of the +board of estimate was a commanding one with Swanstrom and Grout in their +seats, and to-day her representation there is equally good. Mr. Grout is +still there. In the place of Mr. Swanstrom sits Mr. Martin W. Littleton, +and by him the name of Brooklyn has been made famous from ocean to +ocean, and throughout the entire South, for in him Brooklyn has a +mouthpiece that thrills, and through him she speaks with a tongue of +eloquence. + +"Since consolidation Brooklyn has been the second borough in point of +population and of wealth, but in statesmanship, in oratory and in +achievement she has stood pre-eminent. And while many believed that +after consolidation she would lose her independent spirit, she has +rather increased her old pride in herself, and this pride has been +fostered and strengthened because of the worthy sons who have +represented her in the government of the great city of New York, two of +whom we have brought with us, that St. Louis, at times herself deceived +by those she trusted, may look upon their like for once at least. Loyal +to Brooklyn have been Grout, Swanstrom and Littleton, and thus inspired, +has Brooklyn proved loyal to herself and faithful to her traditions. + +"Brooklyn is a gigantic borough. She is three times as large as Buffalo, +the home of the Pan-American Exposition. She is twice as large as St. +Louis, the home of the present Exposition. Brooklyn territorially is +large enough and properly adapted to hold a population of 7,000,000, and +still remain less congested than the present borough of Manhattan. +Brooklyn is devoid of many of the characteristics that mark other great +cities. She is almost totally lacking in hotel life. A city of one-tenth +her population would have more hotels. But municipal greatness never +rested upon hotel life. It breeds corpulence, not courage. It +discourages the rearing of children, a thriving industry in Brooklyn. +Brooklyn has not the wealth in proportion to her size that she should +have. Brooklyn sat for long years under the shadow of old New York, +contributing to the wealth of the metropolis, but obtaining nothing in +return. Her population contributed to the real estate values upon +Manhattan island. Her factories and forges made many of the fortunes +that were spent across the East river. Only since consolidation have we +received any dividends upon that ever increasing investment. We now pay +$14,000,000 into the city treasury and take $17,000,000 out annually. +Brooklyn has often been described as the bedroom of old New York. The +description was apt, for Brooklyn has always been a city of homes, a +city of those of moderate means, a city of respectability. Brooklyn has +never been able to boast of her wealth, as other cities, nor has she had +to blush for her poverty and depravity as some other cities have. + +"She has, however, been able to vaunt herself in the matter of those +things which by nature are companions of the home. She has always been +noted for her great churches, and has had the finest pulpit orators of +the day, and now she is as strong in that direction as she ever was in +the past. Her private schools have been known far and wide, while so +long as she controlled her public schools, they, too, stood extremely +high. Since consolidation they have fallen somewhat behind the march. In +dividing government among the boroughs, Mr. Grout achieved much. Where +the greatest good was done was where centralization was left with the +least sway. In school matters centralization rules absolutely, and to +that extent the schools have been forcibly drawn away from the people, +and the development has lain in the direction of complexity of +educational system, rather than in that of perfecting the children in +the rudiments of scholarship. Of late years we have taught our boys how +to sew, even if we did neglect their spelling. This increases the number +of special teachers, adds to the city's bills, but enables the school +superintendents to read splendid reports of new and special courses when +they attend pedagogic conventions. Your Exposition loaded New York's +educational authorities with medals and prizes and honorable mentions. I +would not censure you for this. No men ever worked harder for such +honors. The trouble is they work too hard over frills and neglect the +essentials. Were your judges to-day to hold an examination among our +grammar scholars upon the three subjects, reading, writing and +arithmetic, I am inclined to believe that you would send hurry orders +for the return of many of those prizes. + +"In school matters Brooklyn is at a loss no further than are the other +boroughs of the greater city. She is at a loss because Mr. Grout's +advice was not taken. In short, we so highly prize our sewers, our +streets and our pavements that we directed that they be given directly +into our own charge and under our own borough president, and then we +held our children in such light esteem that we surrendered them into the +keeping of a centralized board of education, which is in turn in the +keeping of the board of superintendents, in which body Brooklyn has but +a small voice. It has reminded me of those people who personally care +for their own dogs and horses and leave their children to servants and +hired tutors. The system has been wrong. The wrong system has been made +top-heavy. The results have been poor. + +"Brooklyn has developed the home life of America to a greater extent +than any other city has done. She has few palaces. She has few hovels. +She has a great army of American mothers and fathers that are bringing +up the next generation of men and women, and she is rearing them in +thousands of comfortable homes, where body develops with mind and where +the spiritual welfare is an important factor. + +"Brooklyn has a park system of which she is proud to-day, and of which +she will grow prouder. In Prospect Park she has a jewel, in the very +heart of the community. In Forest Park she has a promise of great future +development. That new park lies upon high ground overlooking a vast +section of the borough and exhibiting to the eye the bay of Jamaica and +the ocean beyond. Forest Park is richly endowed by nature, and it will +in the days to come be in beauty above either Prospect or Central. +Brooklyn has great driveways leading to the ocean along her harbor front +and out into Long Island, and she has laid out many small parks and is +still engaged upon that work. + +"In library matters Brooklyn to-day is well supplied. The system is most +extensive and has been rapidly developed. It is another indication of +what can be done when a department is decentralized. The Brooklyn Public +Library is under the control of Brooklyn men. The board of estimate +makes it an annual allowance. Andrew Carnegie gave to Brooklyn +$1,600,000 for library construction. With that money twenty branch +libraries are to be erected in time. Five are up; one is in operation. +To-day there are over twenty branch libraries; most of them are in +rented quarters, and they circulate over one million books a year among +the people. + +"As another indication of the life of Brooklyn brief reference should be +made to the Institute of Arts and Sciences, the great college of those +beyond school years. It has been referred to as the intellectual bargain +counter of Brooklyn. It offers at very moderate prices literary, +historical, musical instruction and entertainment and lectures in all +the sciences. It is well supported, and the city is building it a +central building that will be the Mecca of the ambitious and the +cultured. No other city in the land supports such an institution, and it +is a great credit to us. + +"Brooklyn's spirit is due in a great measure to the nature of the press +that caters to her. Her newspapers are intensely local in character. +They give to her institutions such support as is not given to the +institutions of any other city in the United States. It is this that has +encouraged an intelligent and independent breadth of mind in Brooklyn. +She keeps alive the old New England custom of a close watch over her +government and of a constant discussion of all public questions. +Englishmen are noted for their unremitting guard of their personal +rights. They are not to be compared in this with Brooklynites who, in +spite of a callous railroad system, still persist in demanding their +rights. + +"Her press has called into being all over Brooklyn numerous boards of +trade and taxpayers' associations, and they, encouraged by the attention +given to them, devote themselves to their neighborhoods. Edmund Burke +referred to the journalists as a fourth estate. Aptly might we regard +these trade boards as a second government. Highly are they respected. +Many reforms, especially in transportation matters, have they achieved. + +"I have outlined to you some of the features of Brooklyn life. She is in +truth the place where the home life of Greater New York is developed, +where it may be seen in its simple beauty adorned with its rugged +virtue. I have not boasted of her rich men, but of her intellectual +gifts; not of her social leaders, but of her clear-minded men and women; +not of her wealth, but of her mental attainments. It is from such a +community that we come to-day to write upon your visitors' book the name +of Brooklyn. In our way we are as proud of our homes as was the old +Roman matron of her two sons, although we may be as poorly decked with +tawdry jewels as she was. We are as proud of our independence in +politics as Philadelphia should be ashamed of her regularity. Boston is +credited with being the Athens of America. Brooklyn deserves the title, +but would leave to Boston her pedantic ways. We are sincere in our +speech and simple in our faith, and when we say we rejoice in St. Louis' +success, are glad to be here and are honored in having a day set aside +for us, we but echo the sentiments that our hearts suggest." + +At the conclusion of the oration the Chairman introduced Henry Sanger +Snow, LL.D., who read the following original poem: + + +POEM OF DR. SNOW + + I + + Hail! city of the West, from ocean's strand + Afar we bring thee greeting. At thy gate, + Wide-thrown in welcome, gathered nations stand + And praise the deed ye grandly celebrate! + The imperial star that rose from eastern seas, + Marking the new-born nation in the West, + Rides in _thy_ zenith now--by slow degrees + The march of Empire takes its westward quest-- + And over scene more fair, sure star could never rest! + + II + + Worthy thy festival of that high deed-- + Louisiana's treaty--greatest act + Of all that came from our great Jefferson: + Nor king nor statesman sealed a nobler pact! + And worthy the _deed_ of this fair festival, + When the young land whose life had scarce begun, + With lofty courage doubt could ne'er appall, + In the one act a finer victory won + Than war in all her scarlet glory e'er hath done! + + III + + An hundred years have passed--what wonders wrought + Along the Mississippi's mighty stream! + The changes time's transforming wand hath brought + Seem but the unreal visions of a dream! + Where stretched in vast expanse to western sea + The pathless forest and the trackless plain, + Great States and teeming millions soon should be, + And orchards fair and fields of waving grain + And every art of peace through that broad land should reign. + + IV + + Hail to the Statesman whose far-seeing eyes + Saw in the germ the nation that should be, + Saw how a mighty empire should arise + And span the continent from sea to sea, + And building for the future, led the way + With prescience and high courage, daring fate, + An emperor's domain in a single day + Bought for a purse of gold! a vast estate, + From Europe's despot gained--to Freedom consecrate! + + V + + Conquest of Peace! on thy triumphal day + No mourning captives, chained to victor's car, + Nor spoil of war, nor bloodshed marked thy way, + Nor hate, nor wrong did thy escutcheon mar! + No throng of armed hosts thy mountains crossed. + Thy forests echoed to no battle cry, + No glory gained with nation's honor lost, + Nor victor's plaudit, echoed with a sigh. + Louisiana won--nor any doomed to die! + + VI + + Conquest of Peace! No Alsace here doth kneel, + And Lorraine, scarred with unforgotten scar; + No riven Poland, 'neath the warrior's heel, + Spoil of the victor from the field of war. + The sun that shines thy boundless plains along + Lights not the smallest hamlet but is free; + The winds that sweep thy mountains bear no song + Save that the patriot sings--where Liberty + And Peace and Law now are, and evermore shall be! + + VII + + So be it ever, through the coming age + Our nation's destiny shall be fulfilled, + Not by the tears that greed or passion wage, + Not by the blood of foes or brethren spilled! + But in the wiser and the nobler way + The patriot Statesman taught us, when of yore + His victory of Peace in one brief day + Won glory greater than a year of war! + So may it be, dear land, with thee for evermore! + + +At the conclusion of the exercises the benediction was pronounced by the +Reverend Doctor Wintner, of Brooklyn, New York, in the following words: + +"May the Lord our God, Creator of the universe and Father of mankind, +bless all those in our home city afar off, and also those near here, and +may He look down upon you in His kindness and grace, and grant you peace +forevermore. Amen." + + +THE LUNCHEON + +Immediately after the formal exercises, the delegation were guests of +the State Commission at luncheon, at which Commissioner William Berri +presided. Covers were laid for about 200. At the conclusion of the +luncheon toasts were responded to by several. The program of remarks +follows: + + "A Welcome to the Fair," + Honorable David R. Francis, President of the Louisiana + Purchase Exposition + + "The Old Brooklynites," + Ex-Senator Stephen M. Griswold + "'Tis the sunset of life gives us mystical lore." + + "Brooklyn of the Future" + Dr. Henry Sanger Snow + "There is a fascination in recollections of the past and + hopes for the future." + + "Brooklyn Women" + Judge Hiram R. Steele + "Woman! Blest partner of our joys and woes." + + +THE COMMITTEES + +The local Brooklyn committee was as follows: President, Martin W. +Littleton; Secretary, John B. Creighton. + +Executive Committee: Herbert F. Gunnison, Robert W. Haff, Timothy L. +Woodruff, Julian D. Fairchild, J. Edward Swanstrom, S.F. Rothschild, +James J. McCabe, Frank E. O'Reilly, John N. Harman and Thomas P. Peters. + +Entertainment Committee: Thomas P. Peters, James J. McCabe, James +McLeer, Robert W. Haff and Timothy L. Woodruff. + +Program Committee: J. Edward Swanstrom, Julian D. Fairchild and S.F. +Rothschild. + +Transportation Committee: Herbert F. Gunnison, Frank E. O'Reilly and +William Berri. + + +THE EVENING RECEPTION + +The New York City building on the Model street, in which the evening +reception was held, was elaborately decorated with colored lights, the +word "Brooklyn" appearing in fairy lamps over the main doorway. Within a +wealth of palms and smilax was used. + +The reception took place between eight and ten and was attended by the +Brooklyn delegation, Exposition officials, State and national +representatives and many invited guests. An orchestra furnished music +and throughout the evening a buffet luncheon was served. The receiving +line consisted of Thomas W. Hynes, Commissioner for New York city, and +Mrs. Hynes; Vice-President Berri, of the State Commission, and Mrs. +Berri; Colonel William Hester; Mr. and Mrs. J. Edward Swanstrom; Mr. and +Mrs. R.W. Haff; Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Peters; Mr. John B. Creighton; +Mr. and Mrs. Clarence W. Seamans; Dr. and Mrs. Henry Sanger Snow; Mr. +and Mrs. Hiram R. Steele; Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Griswold; Mr. and Mrs. +J. Adolph Mollenhauer; Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Raymond; Mr. Herbert F. +Gunnison. + +The exercises of the day were marked by an enthusiasm which invariably +characterizes the undertakings of Brooklynites, and the large delegation +which had journeyed all the way from home to spend four short days at +the Fair felt more than repaid for the journey. + +[Illustration: CYNGALESE STICK DANCERS] + + + +CHAPTER VIII + +Thanksgiving Day + +[Illustration] + + +The fact that the Exposition did not close until December first +compelled all employees to remain in St. Louis Thanksgiving Day; that +day which, of all others, generally marks a family gathering. The +Commission thoughtfully extended an invitation to all of its employees +and their families in St. Louis to be their guests at Thanksgiving +dinner in the State building. The number included about sixty-five +people, every attache who was in town accepting the invitation. + +The official colony of the Empire State at the great Exposition +assembled at the State building at one o'clock. All were cordially +greeted by Vice-President Berri, Mrs. Berri and Mrs. Norman E. Mack. +Before sitting down to dinner a group picture was taken on the front +steps of the building, a copy of which was subsequently presented by the +Commission to each employee. + +The table was set in the grand hall and was heavily laden with products +of the State of New York. Owing to the approaching close of the +Exposition, the agricultural and horticultural exhibits were heavily +drawn upon. Great heaps of New York's superlative fruit and prize +vegetables were used in decorating the table. Messrs. Bayno & Pindat +served a tempting menu, features of which were those dishes always +associated with Thanksgiving Day--roast turkey and pumpkin pie. A spirit +of hearty good fellowship pervaded the entire occasion, and each one +vied with his neighbor in adding to the total of the entertainment. + +Remarks were made between the courses, and early in the event +Vice-President Berri, who presided, arose and, after complimenting every +one present on behalf of the Commission for the part they had taken in +contributing to New York's success at the Fair, proceeded in a most +happy vein and said in part, as follows: + + +REMARKS BY MR. BERRI + +"We should be thankful way down deep in our hearts that we are citizens +of such a great country--the United States of America. When you think of +its wonderful struggle for years and know that to-day it is at the +forefront of progress among the nations of the earth should we not be +thankful that we are a part of it? We should be thankful that we have +such a great President--a man respected by all nations. Republicans +should be thankful that they won such a great victory at the polls, and +Democrats should be thankful that the Republicans give them such good +government. + +"The married men here should be thankful that they have such good wives, +and the wives that they have such good husbands; the unmarried men that +they have in the future such a vista of happiness that is to come to +them, and the young ladies should be thankful that there are so many +young men around. There is no way to view this occasion but with a +thanksgiving spirit, and nothing pleases me more than to be with you +to-day. There has been no feature of our Fair at any time, in all of its +various functions we have had, that gives me such great pleasure as to +preside at this gathering. It is the first time we have been all brought +together, and, while the hours of the Fair are numbered, I am sure that +every one will go home never forgetting the pleasant days they have had +at the great Exposition at St. Louis in the year nineteen hundred and +four." + +He then called upon Mrs. Norman E. Mack, the only other member of the +Commission present. Mrs. Mack was warmly applauded and said: + + +RESPONSE BY MRS. MACK + +"It gives me great pleasure to be able to take my Thanksgiving dinner +to-day with so many who have done so much for the glory of New York at +this Exposition. I particularly wish to compliment those of our own +building who have always been so courteous and nice to me, and by so +doing have aided the New York Commission in making the New York State +building the social center of the Exposition." + + +OTHER SPEAKERS + +Brief remarks were also made by Mr. J. H. Durkee, Superintendent of +Agriculture; Mr. DeLancey M. Ellis, Director of Education and Social +Economy; Mr. James T. Patterson, Assistant Superintendent of +Horticulture; Mr. A. B. Strough, in charge of the Forestry, Fish and +Game exhibit; Dr. H. H. Hinshaw, in charge of the Scientific exhibit, +and the following officials of the State building: Hon. Frank J. +LeFevre, Superintendent; Mrs. Dore Lyon, Hostess; Mrs. F. P. Applebee, +Assistant Hostess; Miss Laura C. MacMartin, Matron, and Mr. George B. +Cowper, Assistant Superintendent. Others present were called upon and +made appropriate remarks, and the Pikers' Club, an organization composed +of attaches of the building, furnished the musical part of the +entertainment. + + +PRESENTATION TO SECRETARY BALL + +Vice-President Berri then presented Mr. Charles A. Ball, Secretary and +Chief Executive Officer of the Commission, with a complete fishing +outfit in behalf of all of the employees of the New York State +Commission. Mr. Ball enjoys a wide reputation as an expert with the rod. +In his remarks Mr. Berri said that it had never been demonstrated that +the Secretary had ever returned with any fish, and expressed the hope +that with such a perfect equipment some tangible results might be shown. +He also humorously referred to the fact that in the fire which a short +time before had threatened the destruction of the State building, Mr. +Ball's first thought had been for the safety of his fishing reels. The +presentation was a complete surprise to the Secretary, who feelingly +expressed his deep appreciation of the thoughtfulness of his staff in +making him a present which he should treasure as long as he lived. He +also expressed his gratitude to all of the employees of the Commission +for their loyal support, which had meant so much in the successful +participation of New York at the greatest Fair the world ever knew. He +closed with laudatory remarks concerning the Commission, and the wisdom +and thoroughness which had characterized its work. + +In the course of her remarks Mrs. Lyon read the following original poem: + + +POEM BY MRS. LYON + + Like ships upon the changing sea of life, + Unknowing and unknown until we met, + We've sailed awhile together, and no strife + Has marred our joy, nor brought a faint regret. + + O'er this composite family of ours, + Begotten from each corner of our State, + Has breathed a peaceful spirit, and the hours + Have sped on wings from early dawn till late. + + 'Tis something to have met each other here, + And found in each some trait to be admired, + And felt the world replete with joy and cheer, + And friendship still the thing to be desired. + + The tiny corners that we once possessed + By gentle contact have been rubbed away, + And words that might have hurt have been suppressed, + And peacefully we hail this Festive Day. + + The time when we must part comes on apace, + And soon we'll wend along our various ways, + Then mem'ry's realm will crowded be for space + To welcome friends of Exposition days. + + To name each one and strive to pay the debt + We owe, of deepest gratitude and praise + In words, would take me many hours yet, + And possibly run over into days. + + And--after all, when all is said and done, + It only means we've met--to live--to part. + Then here's my wish--That we have just begun + A friendship which may blossom in each heart. + + +LANTERN SLIDES + +At the conclusion of the remarks a series of lantern slides illustrating +some of the most attractive natural features of the Empire State were +shown, the slides being a part of the exhibit in education. The +entertainment concluded with informal dancing, music for the same being +furnished by an orchestra which was in attendance. The assemblage +dispersed with three rousing cheers for the Empire State and for the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of the State of New York. + +[Illustration: SIOUX CHIEF "BLUE HORSE" AND ARMY OFFICERS] + + + +CHAPTER IX + +Educational Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +THE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT + +BY DELANCEY M. ELLIS + +Director of Education and Social Economy + +[Illustration] + + + +The movement for an educational exhibit of the State of New York at St. +Louis was inaugurated at a meeting of the State Teachers' Association, +held at Saratoga in July, 1902, at which a resolution was offered +inviting the various educational associations of the State to co-operate +with the above association in promoting an exhibit commensurate with the +State's educational importance. An immediate response was forthcoming. + + +THE CONFERENCE COMMITTEE + +Ten powerful educational associations and the two State administrative +departments (since merged into the Department of Education) each sent a +delegate to a central committee, which took the name of "Conference +Committee," and consisted of Chairman, Myron T. Scudder, principal State +Normal School, New Paltz, representing the Normal Principals' Council; +Secretary, Henry L. Taylor, representing the University of the State of +New York; A. M. Wright, Second Deputy Superintendent of Public +Instruction, representing the Department of Public Instruction; F. D. +Boynton, superintendent of schools, Ithaca, representing the State +Teachers' Association; Andrew W. Edson, associate superintendent of +schools, city of New York, representing the Council of School +Superintendents; Calvin W. Edwards, president Board of Education, +Albany, representing the Association of School Boards; F. S. Fosdick, +principal Masten Park High School, Buffalo, representing the Associated +Academic Principals; George H. Walden, principal Grammar School No. 10, +Rochester, representing the Council of Grammar School Principals; H. J. +Schmitz, acting principal State Normal School, Geneseo, representing the +Science Teachers' Association; A. C. Hill, Department of Public +Instruction, representing the Training Teachers' Conference; Erwin B. +Whitney, school commissioner, first district, Broome county, +representing the School Commissioners and Superintendents' Association. + +This Committee organized as above in October, 1902, and appointed a +subcommittee to appear before the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission and request an adequate appropriation and the appointment of +a director to carry on the work. + + +APPOINTMENT OF DIRECTOR + +At the Meeting of the Commission held June 10, 1903, DeLancey M. Ellis, +of Rochester, was appointed director, and the sum of $20,000 was set +aside for the preparation of the educational exhibit. Offices were +immediately opened at 46 Elwood building, Rochester, N. Y., and the work +of collecting and preparing the exhibit material was begun. As the +schools were just about to close for the summer holidays but little +could be accomplished, and none of the work of the school year 1902-1903 +could be procured. It is to be regretted that time was not allowed to +procure an exhibit of work covering an entire school year. That which +covers a shorter period is of necessity fragmentary and hardly conveys +clearly an idea of the quality or scope of the work being done in a +given institution. + + +ADVISORY COMMITTEE + +The Conference Committee was invited to retain its organization and to +take the name of "Advisory Committee," to co-operate with and assist the +director, the members of the committee to serve without compensation, +but necessary expenses while in discharge of their duties to be paid +from the appropriation for the exhibit. + +It would be hard to overestimate the services performed by this +committee. Each member took a hearty interest in the work in hand and +freely gave of his time and advice in carrying the work forward to a +successful conclusion. Any lack of interest or enthusiasm on the part of +the members of a given association was quickly dispelled by a personal +appeal to its members from its representative upon the committee. In +this way the interest was most genuine and general throughout the State, +and in no way could the sentiment of educational interests be more +clearly crystallized than in a meeting of this committee, and to them is +due the thanks of the Commission, as well as the thanks of the +educational forces of the State of New York for their unselfish efforts +and wise counsel, which in so large a way was responsible for the +success of the educational exhibit. + + +PLANS PRESENTED BEFORE EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS + +The director was invited to present the plans for the exhibit at the +following educational meetings during the year 1903: University +Convocation, at Albany, in June; State Teachers' Association, at Cliff +Haven, in July; School Commissioners and Superintendents, at Watkins, in +September; Association of Superintendents, which met in conjunction with +the Massachusetts Association of Superintendents, at Boston, in October, +and Associated Academic Principals, at Syracuse in December. The subject +was cordially received, and a general effort was made throughout the +field of education in the Empire State to prepare an exhibit which would +surpass any that had ever been gathered before. By means of circulars, +several of which were sent broadcast throughout the State, full +instructions were given to local authorities as to the preparation of +the work, amount of material desired and the proposed plan of +arrangement. Throughout the fall and winter the director visited many +cities of the State, consulted with exhibitors as to the most attractive +way of preparing material, and held himself in readiness to assist all +who experienced any difficulty in the preparation of their exhibits. The +exhibit material was collected, systematically arranged and mounted at +the offices in Rochester, the entire expense of its preparation and +transportation being borne by the State, with the exception of the +binding of written work and small incidental expenses, which were borne +by the local school authorities. + + +LOCATION OF THE EXHIBIT + +The space assigned to the State of New York contained approximately +2,300 square feet and was most advantageously located. It was directly +within and facing the main north entrance of the Palace of Education, +and at the intersection of the main north and south aisle and transverse +aisle "B." For its neighbors were the city of St. Louis and the State of +Missouri, both of which prepared most meritorious exhibits; and the +State of Massachusetts, which is always looked upon as standing in the +front rank in educational progress. + +The Exposition authorities announced that no unit smaller than the State +in public school exhibits would be recognized, except in the case of +four or five cities which had powerful, strongly centralized school +systems, making them worthy of independent space and proper subjects for +individual study. + + +EXHIBIT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK + +The city of New York was numbered among these exceptions, and +approximately 1,500 square feet of space was assigned it adjoining the +space assigned to the State of New York. The city government +appropriated $10,000 for its exhibit and bore the entire expense of the +same. Associate Superintendent Andrew W. Edson was named as committee in +charge of the exhibit by Superintendent William H. Maxwell. The city +authorities early expressed a willingness and desire to co-operate with +the State authorities in the preparation of an exhibit and agreed to +follow the same general style of installation and arrangement. Due +acknowledgment is hereby made to Superintendent Maxwell, Associate +Superintendent Edson and to committees in charge of minor details for +the adoption of plans already inaugurated in the preparation of the +State exhibit, and to C. B. J. Snyder, superintendent of school +buildings in the city of New York, who prepared the plans for the booth +for both the State and city exhibits at no expense to the State. + + +THE INSTALLATION + +The booth was so planned that from the outside it was apparently a +single inclosure, the State and city exhibits being separated on the +interior by an appropriate screen nine feet high, through which an +entranceway was cut. Mr. Snyder's plans provided for a scheme of +installation which, while inexpensive, was both artistic and dignified +and admirably adapted for the display of the material to be exhibited. +In fact it was generally conceded that much more effective results had +been obtained than by surrounding states which had expended considerably +more money. The inclosure was massive, the woodwork being an effective +imitation of Flemish oak, and the hanging surface a burlap of a neutral +green tint; the facade, sixteen feet in height, being broken every few +feet at fixed intervals by fluted pilasters with ornamental caps. On the +outside a wainscoting extended three feet from the floor, above which +were panels for hanging exhibit material, the whole being capped by an +attractive dentulated cornice. The entranceway, which was thrown across +the corner at the intersection of the aisles, was a massive arch, +surmounted by the coat of arms of the State, tinted in old ivory, +underneath which in gold letters was, "State of New York." The interior +was cut by transverse walls, nine feet high and extending seven feet +from the main wall, thus forming a series of alcoves convenient for +study on the part of visitors and leaving in the center an open space +for the display of models, apparatus and cabinet material. Directly +facing the entranceway were general and private offices. Completely +surrounding the interior of the booth, on the eye line, were 100 wall +cabinets which have come to be so generally used for the display of +exhibit material. The wall space above the cabinets was used for the +display of especially meritorious and attractive material, while below +was a countershelf upon which, here and there, rested a showcase for the +display of sewing, clay modeling, botanical specimens, etc. Underneath +the counters were shelves for bound books and cupboards for the storage +of printed matter and supplies. All work was mounted uniformly upon a +Scotch gray cardboard and neatly lettered in white ink. + + +SCOPE OF THE EXHIBIT + +Instead of confining the exhibit to the work of the public schools, as +was quite generally done by other States exhibiting, it was decided to +show, so far as possible, work now being done in all forms and phases of +education in the Empire State. Space was freely given to private +institutions to demonstrate the place which they are filling in the +educational work of the State. Every subdivision of the official +classification found an exemplification within the New York State +exhibit. The participation of twenty-four cities and numerous +incorporated villages, both in elementary and high school work, made the +exhibits of those departments thoroughly representative of the work of +the State as a whole. It is unfair to pick the work of a few progressive +school systems, and endeavor to make it stand for the work of the State +at large. + + +PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT + +The plan of arrangement was arrived at only after the most careful +thought and discussion, the desire being to so arrange the material as +to be most serviceable to the educator and to those seeking suggestions +and helpful ideas. In arranging an educational exhibit, emphasis must be +placed either upon political divisions, subjects or grades. It was early +determined that no separate space should be assigned to any single +locality, but that all of the work of the State in the grades should be +exhibited grade by grade and that of the high schools by subjects, and +arranged under various departments, such as science, classics, +mathematics, etc., thus making it possible for a grade teacher to +readily compare her work with that of New York's, and to profit by the +comparison, no matter in whose favor it might be, and a high school +instructor in charge of a department to readily find the work of that +department. This method rendered it unnecessary to look over the +exhibits from several cities to find the particular work desired. +Moreover, a further subdivision was made, in that the work was arranged +according to the population of the contributing cities and villages. +That is, the work from the city of the largest population contributing +was installed first, and so on in order. While it was not the purpose to +invite comparison of work between rival cities of the State, but rather +to present a united front to the world at large, still if it was the +desire of some to make such comparison, the above indicated arrangement +was the most equitable, as all cities of approximately the same +resources and theoretically working under like conditions were placed +side by side, and the work of the small village was not placed in +juxtaposition with that of the large, strongly centralized city system +with many times its resources. A complete catalogue of the exhibit was +freely distributed, and cross-references made to work of the various +localities, so there was no difficulty for those interested in a single +place to locate the work it contributed. + +It was generally conceded that, while the above arrangement made no +concession to local pride, it was by all odds the wisest arrangement to +follow in an exposition of international scope. The compliments which +were bestowed upon the arrangement of the exhibit, and the readiness +with which all visitors found the work in which they were particularly +interested, demonstrated beyond a doubt the wisdom of the committee in +pursuing the course above outlined. The entire exhibit was also +carefully classified in harmony with the official classification of the +Exposition under the several groups and subdivisions thereof, thereby +rendering additional aid in promptly locating exhibits in any particular +department. + + +EXHIBIT DIVISIONS + +Entering the booth one found to the left of the entrance the exhibit of +the former State Department of Public Instruction. (It should be stated +here that the exhibits of the University of the State of New York and of +the State Department of Public Instruction were prepared before +unification was an accomplished fact. The two exhibits can be said to +have formed the exhibit of the new Department of Education.) + +Next was the exhibit of the kindergartens, filling three units. (The +term "unit" is used to designate one of the wall cabinets containing +thirty-three cards 22 x 28 inches.) + +Adjoining the kindergarten section was the exhibit of the elementary +grades, filling twenty-five units. All the subjects of the curriculum +were shown, the work in the wall cabinets being "types" or "samples" of +work, the great bulk of which was shown in bound volumes. +Cross-reference was made on the margin of each card to the volume +containing similar work, thus facilitating the search of the visitor for +a number of class exercises of work of the same general nature, and +relieving the visitor interested in a general way of looking over a vast +repetition of material. Separating the elementary grades from the high +schools was the exhibit of the rural schools of the State, those schools +under the jurisdiction of the several school commissioners. It was most +complete and interesting, and afforded a clear picture of the work done +in the ungraded country schools. The exhibit of the high schools, +filling fourteen units, was next in order, and, as stated above, was +subdivided into subjects. Twenty-four cities of the State, to say +nothing of the incorporated villages, private institutions, etc., +contributed material in one or more of the foregoing departments. + +Next was installed the exhibit covering the professional training of +teachers, equally divided between the State Normal School system and the +work of the training schools and classes in cities and villages, each +occupying five units. Every Normal School of the State was represented, +each making a special exhibit in the particular subject or subjects +assigned it by a committee of Normal School principals, to whom was +delegated the duty of preparing an exhibit. All of the city training +schools in the State, save four, were represented, as well as the great +majority of training classes, the whole exhibit having been arranged by +the State Supervisor of Training Schools and Classes. + +In the next section was installed the exhibit in higher education, +exhibits being in place from Colgate University, Hobart College, +Manhattan College, the College of Pharmacy--allied with Columbia +University--and Syracuse University, the latter institution making an +exhibit both in applied sciences and in fine arts. Next were installed +the exhibits of technical and trade schools, which contained interesting +displays from the leading institutions in the State engaged in this line +of work. Just beyond was the exhibit of the industrial schools, and then +the display of special work in education which is being done by +institutions not wholly educational in character. A unique unit was that +devoted to the work of the Indian schools of the State, each of the +several reservations being represented, and the whole exhibit being +arranged by the State Inspector of Indian Schools. + +The next alcove was devoted to the education of defectives. It contained +concise exhibits from the institutions of the State devoted to the +instruction of the deaf, dumb and blind, and was carefully studied by +those engaged in this work. + +The exhibit of summer schools and extension courses adjoined this and +was designed to show the work which is best exemplified by the +Chautauqua institution. In a manner allied with this work is that of the +Education Department in visual instruction, which is carried on by +lantern slides to aid in the teaching of geography, history and kindred +subjects. It was, therefore, installed under this head. The exhibit +received hearty commendation from educators generally, but particularly +from foreign visitors. The scheme is thoroughly practicable, and nowhere +else is it carried on with the same careful attention to detail, nor is +the same perfection of slide making reached as in the State of New York. + +The last exhibit before leaving the booth was that of the University of +the State of New York. + + +SPECIAL FEATURES + +There were many features of special interest. A series of thirty-two +charts were prepared as the special exhibit of the New York State +Teachers' Association, and will be reproduced in the forthcoming report +of that body. To one interested in following the tremendous progress +made in every branch of educational activity within our State during the +past decade, these charts are invaluable. The two charts here reproduced +and which formed a part of the exhibit of the Department of Public +Instruction were the subject of much comment. + +The model of the new State Normal and Training School at Fredonia, which +was prepared by the manual training and art classes of the institution, +came in for its share of attention. It was an accurate model of one of +the State's finest educational structures. + +The State Normal School at New Paltz sent a doll house made by the +seventh grade boys for the first grade children in the practice +department, the entire structure being completely furnished and +appointed by the children. + +A special feature was the exhibit of clay modeling from the State School +of Clay Working and Ceramics at Alfred, the only school of its kind in +the United States receiving State aid. Near by stood a cabinet full of +home-made apparatus sent from various institutions, but a large part of +which came from the physical laboratories of Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. +The exhibit contained much of interest to a science teacher. + +On the exterior of the facade was a huge educational map of the State, +upon which was shown the location, grade, construction and normal +capacity of every institution of learning within its borders. The +superiority of New York's schoolhouses was shown by the large number +constructed of brick and stone. The year 1904 marked the passing of the +log schoolhouse, only four of which were shown upon the map as against +approximately fifty ten years ago. The facade also contained an +admirable exhibit of art work prepared by the students of the New York +School of Applied Design for Women. + + +SIGNIFICANCE OF SOME CITY EXHIBITS + +Various methods of instruction peculiar to certain cities or localities +were fully set forth. Albany exhibited the work of one of the most +complete systems of free kindergartens in the country, as well as the +correlation of subjects in the elementary grades; also manual training +and art courses in the high school. Batavia demonstrated the system of +individual instruction as carried on in its schools, which involves the +employment of two teachers in each classroom. Syracuse exemplified its +courses in art, manual training and physical training in the elementary +grades. Jamestown clearly set forth its course in manual training +throughout the entire school course, while Ithaca, in addition to a +well-rounded exhibit, by means of photographs, brought out the subject +of high school athletics. The exhibit from Yonkers, which was general in +character, portrayed the efficiency and superiority of the school +equipment in that city. + + +EDITORIAL COMMENT + +The exhibit from first to last demonstrated beyond peradventure the +beneficial results accruing from a strongly centralized, and, at the +same time, most liberal administration of educational interests. + +A prominent morning daily paper, commenting editorially upon the +exhibit, says: "It is worth your attention; it means more to every +citizen of the Empire State than any other exhibit shown. The chief +product of the Empire State is men; neither fields of grain or +manufactures, invention or art are as important a product as men. In New +York State are produced some of the greatest men of the country. A large +part of the raw material comes into New York harbor past 'Liberty +Enlightening the World,' and is gradually converted into citizenship. +... Some of the raw material imported is next to worthless; some of the +domestic stuff is equally unpromising, but in the great bulk, year in +and year out, there is the making of fine men. ... New York State men +are scattered throughout the country. They found the cities of the west; +they run the railroads; they manipulate the finances; they capitalize +the new enterprises; they invest in the futures; they get into the +public offices; they plan the political campaigns; they produce the new +ideas; they center current history. Men are made in New York State in +the schools. ... The better the schools the finer the quality of the men +produced. Therefore, the school exhibit of New York State should +interest every citizen, as the schools have been bettering year by year +and the product increasing in value. ... The Commission in charge of +this exhibit has spared no expense to make this educational showing a +storehouse of novel ideas and suggestions dealing with the advance in +pedagogy, and of the State's resources in the teaching of the young +idea." + + +DISPOSITION OF MATERIAL + +Many requests were received from the representatives of foreign +governments, agents of pedagogical museums and individuals for portions +of the exhibit, but the determination of the Lewis and Clark Exposition +Commission of the State of New York to send the entire exhibit to the +Exposition at Portland, Oregon, precluded the possibility of acceding to +these requests and insures the holding intact of the entire exhibit +throughout the Portland Exposition period, at the conclusion of which it +is to be hoped that provision will be made for the establishment of a +Pedagogical Museum at the Capitol in Albany, of which this exhibit may +be made the nucleus. + + +ITEMS OF EXPENDITURE + +The appropriation of $20,000 was expended approximately, as follows + +Installation: Booth, wall cabinets, furniture, etc. $6,000 +Salary of Director and assistants and maintenance + at St. Louis ----------------------------------- 8,500 +Freight, express, cartage, telegrams, etc. ------- 1,000 +Material used in preparation and general supplies 2,700 +Traveling expenses ------------------------------- 1,250 +Printing and stationery -------------------------- 350 +Expenses of Advisory Committee ------------------- 200 + ------- +Total -------------------------------------------- $20,000 + ======= + + +THE STAFF + +The Director acknowledges the loyalty and efficiency of those associated +with him in the work of the department. To them belongs a large share of +any credit which may be forthcoming for the value of the exhibit. + +In an educational exhibit, probably more than any other, the necessity +of a personal explanation to supplement the work exhibited is necessary. +Miss Olive C. Kellogg, of New York city, and Miss Clara M. Paquet, of +Cohoes, expert attendants, were always ready to explain the work +exhibited, and to give full information concerning the distinctive +features of the various city systems and institutions. They spoke the +principal foreign languages, thus aiding visitors from abroad in more +easily grasping the ideas set forth and the methods exemplified. + +Miss Mary MacArthur, of Rochester, N.Y., served throughout the period of +preparation and through the Exposition period as general assistant and +stenographer; Hugh J. Kelly, of Albany, N.Y., as assistant and clerk, +and E.J. Haddleton and H.B. Skinner, of Albany, as expert letterers and +draftsmen. + + +_Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Education, Arranged by +Groups, with the Awards, if Any, Received by Each_ + + +GROUP ONE + +_Kindergartens, Elementary Education, and Training of Teachers for +Same_ + +Albany, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal + Administrative blanks + Forty-one volumes class exercises + Photographs + Course of study in drawing and drawings +Ballston, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Batavia, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal + Eight volumes pupils' work + Photographs + Charts + Pamphlets +Cambridge, Board of Education, training class + Photographs +Canajoharie, Board of Education, public schools + Pupils' selected work +Canajoharie, Board of Education, training class + Students' written work +Canton, Board of Education + Administrative blanks + Photographs +Cape Vincent, Board of Education, public school + Three volumes pupils' written work +Cato, Board of Education, public school + One volume pupils' written work +Cattaraugus, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Clayton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work + Two volumes drawings +Clyde, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' selected work +Cohoes, Board of Education, public schools + Pupils' drawings +Colton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' selected work +Corinth, Board of Education, public schools + Six volumes of pupils' written work + Photographs +Corinth, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Cortland, Board of Education, public schools + Photographs + Administrative blanks + Pupils' selected work + Annual report +Depew, Board of Education, public schools + Six industrial charts +DeRuyter, Board of Education, teachers' training class. Collective + award, gold medal + Students' written work +East Aurora, Board of Education, public schools + Six volumes pupils' written work. + Catalogues +Education, State Department of. Grand prize + Charts + Statistics + Administrative blanks + Reports + Maps + Lantern slides + Publications illustrating visual instruction system +Fairport, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Freeport, Board of Education, public schools + Three volumes pupils' written work +Froebel Normal Institute, New York city. Silver medal + One volume catalogues + Photographs + Students' written work + Administrative blanks + Kindergarten songs +Glens Falls, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Gouverneur, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Griffith Institute, Springville, Board of Education, training class. + Collective award, gold medal + Students' written work +Hamilton, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Herkimer, Board of Education, public schools + Pupils' selected work +Hornellsville, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' work +Hudson, Board of Education, public schools + One volume pupils' work in penmanship +Ithaca, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal + Sixteen volumes pupils' written work + Sloyd work + Administrative blanks + Photographs +Jamestown, Board of Education, public schools. Silver medal + Nineteen volumes pupils' written work + Statistical charts + Cabinet of manual training work + Administrative blanks + Photographs +Johnstown, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Six volumes pupils' written work + Industrial charts + Annual report +Johnstown, Board of Education, training class + Students' written work +Kingston, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Seven volumes pupils' written work + Drawings + Photographs +Little Falls, Board of Education, public schools + Pupils' selected work +Malone, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Map, Educational map of New York State + (See award to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) +Mechanicville, Board of Education, public schools + Six volumes pupils' written work +Medina, Board of Education, public schools + Six volumes pupils' written work + Map drawing and relief maps +Mexico, Board of Education, training class + Students' written work +Mohawk, Board of Education, public school + Four volumes pupils' written work +Newark, Board of Education, public schools + One volume pupils' written work + Catalogues and administrative blanks +New Rochelle, Board of Education, public schools. Collective + award, gold medal + Eighteen volumes pupils' written work + Drawings + Photographs +North Collins, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Norwich, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Nunda, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Ogdensburg, Board of Education, public schools + Four volumes pupils' written work + Drawings + Administrative blanks +Ogdensburg, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Oneida, Board of Education, public schools + Seven volumes pupils' written work + One volume annual reports + Administrative blanks +Oneida, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Onondaga, Board of Education, academy + Pupils' nature study work +Phelps, Board of Education, public schools + Five volumes pupils' written work +Phoenix, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Port Byron, Board of Education, public school + One volume pupils' written work +Port Henry, Board of Education, public schools + One volume pupils' written work +Port Henry, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Port Jervis, Board of Education, union school + Drawings + Administrative blanks +Port Leyden, Board of Education, union school + Two volumes pupils' written work + Photographs +Public Instruction, State Department of + (See award to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) + Administrative blanks + Pamphlets + Charts + Statistics + Publications + Fifty-six volumes, report of superintendent +Pulaski, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' work +Richfield Springs, Board of Education, training class. Collective + award, gold medal + Students' written work +Rochester, plan of Clifford street embellishment +Rural schools: Collective exhibit from following counties + Broome county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Cattaraugus county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Chautauqua county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Chenango county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Columbia county + Pupils' industrial work + Cortland county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Dutchess county. Collective award, gold medal + Photographs + Genesee county + Photograph + Herkimer county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Lewis county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Madison county. Collective award, gold medal + Photographs + Monroe county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Nassau county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Niagara county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Oneida county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Onondaga county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Ontario county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Oswego county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Rensselaer county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work and industrial work + Schuyler county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Ulster county. Collective award, gold medal + Photographs. + Washington county. Collective award, gold medal + Pupils' written work +Rushford, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' work +Sag Harbor, Board of Education, public schools + Seven volumes pupils' written work +St. Patrick's Academy, Catskill + Two volumes pupils' written work + Photographs + Drawings +Salamanca, Board of Education, union school + Eight volumes pupils' written work + Photographs +Salamanca, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Sandy Hill, Board of Education, public school + Photograph +Sandy Hill, Board of Education, training class + Photograph +Schenectady, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Eight volumes pupils' written work + Administrative blanks + Photographs +South Byron, union school + Pupils' selected work + Photograph +Syracuse, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal + Pupils' selected work in drawing + Photographs illustrating physical training course + Manual training work +Unadilla, Board of Education, training class + Photographs +Union, Board of Education, training class. Collective award, gold + medal + Photographs +Utica, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, gold + medal + Nine volumes pupils' written work + Manual training and construction work + Graphic charts + Photographs +Warrensburg, Board of Education, public schools + Nine volumes pupils' written work +Waterloo, Board of Education, public schools + Pupils' selected work + Catalogues + Administrative blanks + Photographs + Home-made apparatus +Watertown, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Thirteen volumes pupils' written work + Drawings + Annual reports +Watkins, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Six volumes pupils' written work + Photographs + Administrative blanks +Watkins, Board of Education, training class + Students' written work +Wellsville, Board of Education, public schools. Collective award, + gold medal + Seven volumes pupils' written work +White Plains, Board of Education, public schools + Nine volumes pupils' written work + Course of study in drawing and manual training + Drawings, manual training, and Venetian iron work + Photographs + Administrative blanks + Statistics +Whitney Point, Board of Education, training class. Collective + award, gold medal + Students' written work +Yonkers, Board of Education, public schools. Gold medal + Nineteen volumes pupils' written work + Drawings + Photographs of buildings + Photographs illustrating physical training and school plans + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit: + +New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Grand + prize + a. School system + b. Collective exhibit of elementary grades + c. Collective exhibit of vacation schools and evening schools + d. Collective exhibit of manual training, drawing, and + domestic science + e. Physical training and methods for atypical children + f. Kindergartens + g. Free lecture system + h. Training schools + i. Exhibit of school buildings +New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold + medal + Manual training. Drawing. Domestic science +New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold + medal. + Vacation schools. Evening schools +New York city, Department of Education, collective exhibit. Gold + medal + Physical training methods for atypical Children + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Andrew S. Draper, Albany. Grand prize + Education Department +Charles R. Skinner, Albany. Gold medal + Department of Public Instruction +DeLancey Al. Ellis, Rochester. Gold medal + State exhibit +William A. Wadsworth, Geneseo. Gold medal + Improvement of school grounds +Luther H. Gulick, New York city. Gold medal + Physical training +Theodore C. Hailes, Albany. Silver medal + Educational map +John Kennedy, Batavia. Silver medal + Individual instruction +James P. Haney, New York city. Silver medal + Manual training +Mrs. Anna L. Jessup, New York city. Silver medal + Sewing +Mrs. Mary E. Williams, New York city. Silver medal + Cooking +Evangeline E. Whitney, New York city. Silver medal + Vacation schools +Matthew J. Elgas, New York city. Silver medal + Evening schools +C. P. J. Snyder, New York city. Silver medal + Facade of exhibit + +A grand prize was also awarded to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission of the State of New York for its collective exhibit in this +group, with special mention of the Department of Education, +administrative features; Department of Public Instruction, +administrative features, visual instruction system, and the educational +map. + + +GROUP TWO + +_Secondary Education. Training of Teachers for Same_ + +Adelphi Academy and College, Brooklyn + Catalogues +Albany, Board of Education, high school. Gold medal + Fifteen volumes students' written work + Photographs illustrating manual training course + Drawings +Albany, Board of Education, training school + One volume students' written work + Photographs +Avon Club, Jamestown High School + Administrative blanks + Program of exercises +Batavia, Board of Education, high school. Gold medal + One volume students' written work + Photographs + Drawings +Beck Literary Society, Albany Academy. Bronze medal + Historical sketch + Administrative blanks + Programs + List of members +Brockport, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Seventeen volumes students' work + Photographs +Buffalo, Masten Park High School. Collective award, gold medal + Administrative blanks + Two volumes students' written work + Four volumes student periodical and drawings +Buffalo, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Two volumes science note books + Illustrated science work + Ten volumes publications + Photographs +Buffalo, Board of Education, Teachers' Training School. Collective + award, gold medal + Four volumes students' written work + Lesson outlines +Canajoharie, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work +Cape Vincent, Board of Education, high school + Students' selected work +Cattaraugus, Board of Education, high school + Photographs + Catalogues +Cohoes, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work and drawings +Cohoes, Board of Education, Teachers' Training School. Collective + award, gold medal + Students' written work +Corinth, Board of Education, high school + Three volumes students' written work + Photographs +Cortland, Board of Education, high school. Collective award, gold + medal + Administrative blanks + Students' selected work + Photographs +Cortland, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Six volumes students' written work + Photographs + Administrative blanks + Catalogues +East Aurora, Board of Education, high school. Collective award, + gold medal + Two volumes students' written work + Photographs + Catalogues +Education, State Department of. Grand prize + Charts + Statistics + Reports + Bulletins + Administrative blanks +Elmira, Board of Education, training school. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work + Photographs +Fredonia, State Normal School. Gold medal + Model of building and floor plans + One volume lesson outlines +Freeport, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work +Genesee Wesleyan Seminary + Announcements + Photographs +Geneseo, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Eleven volumes students' work + Photographs + Illustration of course in drawing +Goshen, Board of Education, high school + Weather maps +Hazen's School for Girls, Mrs., Pelham Manor + Science work +Herkimer, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work +Ithaca, Board of Education, high school. Gold medal + Four volumes students' written work + Administrative blanks + One volume catalogues + Drawings + Photographs +Jamaica, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Four volumes lesson outlines and students' written work + Photographs +Jamestown, Board of Education, high school. Gold medal + Ten volumes students' written work + Administrative blanks + Photographs + Publications + Statistics +Jamestown, Board of Education, training school + Students' written work +Johnstown, Board of Education, high school + Two volumes students' written work + Annual report +Kingston, Board of Education, high school + Two volumes students' written work + Burnt leather work + Photographs +Kingston, Board of Education, training school. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Little Falls, Board of Education, high school + Students' selected work. +Map, educational map of New York State. Gold medal + (Award to go to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) +Mechanicville, Board of Education, high school + Students' selected work +Moravia, Board of Education, high school + Drawings +New Paltz, State Normal School. Gold medal + Ten volumes students' work in art + Photographs + One volume publications + Rope work + Doll house + Administrative blanks +New Rochelle, Board of Education, high school + Five volumes students' written work + Photographs +Ogdensburg, Board of Education, high school + Two volumes students' written work +Olean, Board of Education, high school + Home-made apparatus +Oneida, Board of Education, high school + Three volumes students' written work + Administrative blanks +Oneonta, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Eight volumes students' written work + Drawings + Science note books + Photographs +Oswego, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Two volumes students' written work + Cabinet of manual training work + Relief maps + Photographs +Palmyra, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' work +Phelps, Board of Education, high school + Students' selected work +Plattsburg, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Five volumes students' written work + Photographs +Port Byron, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work +Port Henry, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work + Photographs +Potsdam, State Normal School. Collective award, gold medal + Four volumes publications and lesson outlines + Photographs +Pratt Institute, physical laboratories, Brooklyn + Home-made apparatus + Photographs +Rochester, editors of "Clarion," East High School. Bronze medal + Three volumes students' publication "Clarion" +Sag Harbor, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work +St. Patrick's Academy, Catskill, academic department. Collective + award, gold medal + Students' selected work + Photographs +Salarranca, Board of Education, union school, high school + department. Collective award, gold medal + Two volumes students' written work + Photographs +Schenectady, Board of Education, high school + Eight volumes students' written work + Mechanical drawings + Administrative blanks + Photographs +Syracuse, Board of Education, High school. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' selected drawings + Floor plans + Photograph of building +Syracuse, Board of Education, training school. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work + Photographs +Tappan Zee High School, Piermont + Botany note book +Tarrytown, Washington Irving High School + Home-made apparatus +Utica, Board of Education, high school. Collective award, gold + medal + Drawings + Two volumes students' written work + Photographs +Utica, Board of Education, training school. Collective award, gold + medal + Students' written work +Warrensburg, Board of Education, high school + Administrative blanks + Two volumes students' written work +Watertown, Board of Education, high school + Six volumes students' written work + Drawings + Administrative blanks +Watertown, Board of Education, training school. Collective award, + gold medal + Students' written work +Watkins, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work + Photographs + One volume students' publication + Administrative blanks +White Plains, Board of Education, high school + One volume students' written work + Administrative blanks + Photographs +Yonkers, Board of Education, high school. Gold medal + Six volumes students' written work. + Photographs + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the Collective State Exhibit: + +New York city, Department of Education. Grand prize +New York city, Department of Education, Commercial High School. + Gold medal +New York city, Department of Education, training school. Gold medal +New York city, Department of Education, manual training. Gold medal + +The following awards were made to collaborators: +J. Russell Parsons, Jr., Albany. Gold medal +DeLancey M. Ellis, Rochester. Gold medal +Myron T. Scudder, New Paltz. Gold medal +A.T. Marble, New York city. Gold medal +Frank D. Boynton, Ithaca. Gold medal +F.B. Palmer, Fredonia. Gold medal. +James P. Haney, New York city. Silver medal + +A grand prize was also awarded to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission of the State of New York for its collective exhibit in this +group. + + +GROUP THREE + +_Higher Education. Colleges and Universities, Libraries, Museums, +Technical Schools_ +Albany. State Normal College. Gold medal + Statistics + Publications +Clarkson Memorial School of Technology, Potsdam, N. Y. Bronze medal + Nine volumes theses + Three volumes students' written work + One volume catalogue and addresses + Photographs + Mechanical drawings +Colgate University, Hamilton. Silver medal + Thirty-seven publications + Map of grounds + Mechanical drawings + Statistics +College of Pharmacy, Columbia University, New York city + Drugs + Pharmaceutical preparations + Eight volumes text books +Education, State Department of. (See State Library.) Grand prize + Reports + Bulletins + Administrative blanks + Statistics +Hobart College, Geneva. Bronze medal + Map of campus + Eight volumes publications + Photographs. Charts +Hobart College. Gold medal + Astronomical department and discoveries +Manhattan College, department of civil engineering, New York city. + Silver medal + Theses + Mechanical drawing illustrating construction of dams and + embankments. Also bridge construction + Annual catalogues +Map, educational map of New York State. Silver medal + (Award to go to Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission) +Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital, New York city + Photographs + Publications + Catalogues +Rochester Theological Seminary + Two volumes catalogues +State Library, Department of Education. Grand prize + Traveling libraries + Blanks + Statistics +Syracuse University, Syracuse. Gold medal + College of Fine Arts + Drawings, architectural and free hand + College of Applied Science + Metal work + Wood work + Model of steam engine + Home-made laboratory apparatus +University of the State of New York. Grand prize + Bulletins + Reports + Decimal classification + Traveling library for the blind + Photographs + Large pictures + Statistical charts + Specimens from Museum Department + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit: + +Columbia University, New York city. Grand prize + General exhibit +Columbia University, New York city. Gold medal + Special exhibit of Teachers' College +Columbia University, New York city. Gold medal + Special exhibit of Department of Botany +Columbia University, New York city. Gold medal + Special exhibit of Mines and Metallurgy +Columbia University, New York city. Bronze medal + Special exhibit of Department of Indo-Iranian Languages +Cornell University, Ithaca. Grand prize + General exhibit +Cornell University, Ithaca. Silver medal + Special exhibit of water color sketches +Cornell University, Ithaca. Silver medal + Special exhibit of Sibley College +Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy. Grand prize + General exhibit +Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Grand prize + General exhibit +Rev. D. Stuart Dodge, New York city. Gold medal + Relief map, Protestant College at Beirut, Syria +Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. Gold medal + Special exhibit of Polytechnic Department +New York University, New York city. Gold medal +Kny-Scheerer Company, New York. city. Gold medal + Operating tables + Hospital appliances + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Andrew S. Draper. Gold medal + Monograph +James Russell Parsons, Jr., Albany. Gold medal + Monograph +James McKeen Cattell, Columbia University, New York. Gold medal + Monograph +Edward Delevan Perry, Columbia University, New York. Gold medal + Monograph +Melvil Dewey, Albany. Gold medal + State librarian + + +GROUP FOUR + +_Education in Fine Arts_ + +Clay Working and Ceramics, State School of. Silver medal + Specimens of pottery and modeling tools +New York School of Applied Design for Women. Gold medal + Framed designs and prospectus +Syracuse University, College of Fine Arts. Bronze medal + Architectural and free hand drawing + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit: + +Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, Art Department. Grand prize +Mademoiselle Veltin, New York city. Bronze medal + School of Fine Arts for Young Ladies + + +GROUP FIVE + + +_Education in Agriculture and Forestry_ + +Education, State Department of, State Museum Division. Grand prize + Publications + Statistics + Charts + Scientific discoveries + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit + +Cornell University, Ithaca. Gold medal + Exhibit of root crops +Cornell University, Department of Botany, Ithaca. Gold medal + Apparatus for photographing +Cornell University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca. Silver + medal + Poultry breeding +Cornell University, Ithaca. Bronze medal + Insects +New York Agricultural Experiment Station. Gold medal + Investigations on milk +New York Agricultural Experiment Station. Gold medal + Curing and paraffining cheese +New York Agricultural Experiment Station. Gold medal + Commercial feeding stuffs +New York Agricultural Experiment Station. Bronze medal + Investigations on rusty spot in cheese +New York Agricultural Experiment Station. Bronze medal + Wax model showing scale +Kny-Scheerer Company, New York city. Gold medal + Biological preparations + Biological and anatomical models + + +GROUP SIX + +_Industrial and Trade Schools_ + +_Business Education. Education of the Indian_ + +Albany Business College, Albany. Gold medal + Pen drawings + Six volumes students' written work + Photographs +Binghamton School of Business, Binghamton + Photographs and prospectus +Clara de Hirsch Home for Working Girls, New York + Photographs + Industrial work +Education, State Department of + (See Indian Schools) +Henley Business School, Syracuse + Photographs + Administrative blanks + Students' written work +Indian schools. Silver medal + [Footnote: Award to go to Education Department, State of New York] + Collective exhibit, including material from the Allegany, + Cattaraugus, Tonawanda, Onondaga, Shinnecock and + Poospatuck Reservations + Pupils' written work + Photographs + Drawings + Industrial work +Industrial School, Rochester + Two volumes pupils' written work + Manual training and industrial work +Manhattan Trade School for Girls, New York city. Silver medal + Pupils' written work + Industrial work + Photographs + Statistics +New York Trade School, New York. Bronze medal + Photographs. + Courses of study + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +S.E. Bartow, Albany Business College. Silver medal + Pen drawings + + +GROUP SEVEN + +_Education for Defectives. The Blind, Deaf and Dumb, Feeble-Minded_ + +New York Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, +New York city. + Photographs +New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, +New York city. Gold medal + Photographs + Drawings + Pupils' written work + Pyrography + Publications + Eighteen volumes of reports + Text-books + Administrative blanks +Northern New York Institution for Deaf-Mutes, Malone + Pupils' selected work in drawing +New York Institution for the Blind, New York city. Bronze medal + Cord, rattan and raffia work +New York State School for the Blind, Batavia. Silver medal + Three volumes pupils' work + Basketry + Broom making + Mattress making + Piano action repairing + Sewing + Photographs + Administrative blanks +State Library, Home Education Division. Silver medal + Traveling library for the blind +Western New York Institution for Deaf-Mutes, Rochester. Bronze + medal + Four volumes pupils' written work + Five volumes reports and catalogues + Twenty volumes publications + Photographs, + Administrative blanks + Drawings + Charts + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit: + +American Association for Instructors of the Blind. Grand prize + New York State collaborators: + State School for the Blind, Batavia + New York School for the Blind, New York city +Association of Medical Officers of Institutions for Idiots and + Feeble-Minded Persons. Grand prize + New York State collaborators: + State Custodial Asylum for Unteachable Idiots, Rome + State Institution for Feeble-Minded Children, Syracuse +Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf. Grand prize + New York State collaborator: + Wright Oral School for the Deaf, New York city +New York city, Department of Education. Gold medal + For the establishment of a special school for the education + of atypical children +New York Institution for Feeble-Minded, Syracuse. Gold medal +Wright Oral School for the Deaf, New York city. Bronze medal + + +GROUP EIGHT + +_Summer Schools, Extension Schools, Popular Lectures, Educational +Publications and Appliances_ + +Adirondack Summer School, Saranac Lake + Photographs and pamphlets +Chautauqua Institution, Chautauqua, N. Y. Grand prize + Photographs + Publications + Administrative blanks + Prospectus and syllibi +City History Club of New York. Bronze medal + Six volumes pupils' written work + Photographs + Charts + Statistics +People's Institute, New York city. Silver medal + One volume, "Working with the People" + Prospectus + Photographs +Teachers' Association, New York State. Gold medal + Statistical exhibit, 32 graphic charts +Training School for Deaconesses, New York city. Silver medal + Administrative blanks + Catalogues + Photographs +Young Women's Christian Association, New York city. Silver + medal + One volume of reports + Administrative blanks + Clay modeling + Pyrography + Artistic design and art furniture + +The following awards were made in this group to exhibits not a part of +the collective State exhibit: + +Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York city. Grand prize +Dodd, Mead & Company, New York city. Grand prize +Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, New York city. Grand prize +American Book Company, school and college text-books. Grand + prize +Silver, Burdett & Company, New York city. Grand prize +Prang Educational Company, New York city. Grand prize +Charles Beseler Company, New York city, stereopticons and appliances. + Gold medal +Pitmanic Institute, Phonographic, New York city. Gold medal +C.W. Bardeen, Syracuse. Silver medal +S.S. Packard, New York city. Silver medal + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Henry L. Taylor, professional education in the United States. Gold + medal + +A grand prize Was also awarded to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition +Commission of the State of New York for its collective exhibit in this +group + + * * * * * + +A special Commemorative Diploma was conferred by the Department jury +upon Andrew Sloan Draper, Commissioner of Education of the State of New +York, "in recognition of his distinguished service to Education." + + * * * * * + +RECAPITULATION OF THE AWARDS MADE TO THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE +DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION +Grand Prize Gold Medal +Group I................ 5 Group I................ 63 +Group 2................ 3 Group I, collab........ 2 +Group 3................ 7 Group 2................ 36 +Group 4................ I Group 2, collab........ 5 +Group 5................ I Group 3................ 14 +Group 6................ ..Group 4................ I +Group 7................ 3 Group 5................ 6 +Group 8................ 8 Group 6................ I +Special................ I Group 7................ 3 + Group 8................ 4 + [**Total] 29 Special................ 4 + [**Total] 139 +_Silver Medal_ _Bronze Medal_ +Group I................ 2 Group I.............. .. +Group 1, collab........ 8 Group 2................ 2 +Group 2................ I Group 3................ 3 +Group 3................ 5 Group 4................ 2 +Group 4................ I Group 5................ 3 +Group 5................ I Group 6................ I +Group 6................ 2 Group 7................ 3 +Group 6, collab....... I Group 8................ I +Group 7................ 2 +Group 8................ 5 [**Total] 15 + + [**Total] 28 +Grand prizes................. 29 +Gold medals.................. 139 +Silver medals................. 28 +Bronze medals................ 15 +Grand total................ 211 + +[Illustration: PALACE OF EDUCATION FROM FESTIVAL HALL] + + + +CHAPTER X + +Fine Arts Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +THE FINE ARTS EXHIBIT + +By CHARLES M. KURTZ + +Acting Secretary of the Executive Committee on Art + +[Illustration] + + +Up to the time of the organization of the Committee on Art for the State +of New York, appointed by the New York State Louisiana Purchase +Exposition Commission, very little had been accomplished in the +direction of securing a collection of representative works by the +artists of New York for exhibition at the World's Fair at St. Louis. +Professor Ives, Chief of the Department of Art of the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition, and Assistant Chief Kurtz had visited New York at frequent +intervals (the first time in January, 1902), had aroused considerable +interest in the Exposition among the artists, and had secured the +appointment of Advisory Committees of Painters, Sculptors, Architects, +Mural Painters, Miniature Painters, Engravers, Wood Engravers, +Illustrators and Workers in the Applied Arts to look after the +organization of exhibits in their respective fields of expression and +the interests of the Department of Art of the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition in connection therewith. + + +WAYS AND MEANS + +It was impossible, however, for the work to be carried on in an adequate +and worthy manner without State co-operation and assistance, and a +committee of artists, representing the various Advisory Committees, +appeared before the Commission, asked that a committee of artists +representing the State of New York be appointed to co-operate with the +Advisory Committees in the organization of a creditable art exhibit, and +that a suitable sum of money be appropriated from the funds placed at +the disposal of the Commission to defray the cost of organizing the +exhibit, packing, transporting it to and from St. Louis, and insuring it +while in transit; the Exposition authorities having agreed to pay the +cost of unpacking in St. Louis, installation, insurance while in the Art +Palace, and repacking and forwarding at the close of the Exposition. + + +EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ON ART + +After several meetings at the offices of the Commission in New York city +and a forceful presentation of the condition of affairs (and the urgent +necessity of action by the Commission) by Mr. Watrous, of the Artists' +Committee, the Commission formally resolved to appropriate the sum of +$10,000 for the purpose indicated, and appointed the following +"Executive Committee on Art for the State of New York" to assume general +direction of the work within the limits of the appropriation: Herbert +Adams (sculptor), Grosvenor Atterbury (architect), J. Carroll Beckwith +(painter), Francis C. Jones (painter), Louis Loeb (painter and +illustrator), Will H. Low (painter, illustrator and mural painter) and +Harry W. Watrous (painter). These men variously represented membership +in the National Academy of Design, the Society of American Artists, the +National Sculpture Society, the Society of Mural Painters, the American +Water Color Society, the Society of Illustrators, the New York Etching +Club, the American Fine Art Society, the American Institute of +Architects, the New York Architectural League, the Municipal Art Society +of New York and the Fine Arts Federation of New York. The Committee +formally organized by the election of Harry W. Watrous as Chairman. +Charles M. Kurtz, Assistant Chief of the Department of Art of the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition, was appointed Acting Secretary without +salary. + +At a general meeting of the members of all the Advisory Committees in +New York city, called by Chairman Watrous at the National Academy of +Design, for each committee representing a group of the classification a +chairman and a secretary was elected and general plans were formulated +for the carrying on of the work. + +Thereafter, frequent meetings were held by the various committees, at +nearly all of which the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the +Acting Secretary were present and participated in the work. + + +CAREFUL SELECTION OF MATERIAL + +The Juries of Selection for the different groups of the classification +of the Department of Art, constituted from the membership of the +Advisory Committees representing various sections of the country, met +and acted during the last two weeks of March, 1904, in the city of New +York, passing upon upwards of 4,000 works submitted for exhibition. Of +this assemblage of works a comparatively small number represented +artists of high reputation, and a small proportion was found to be of +sufficient merit worthily to represent the artists of the State. The +number of exhibits secured thus being very small, and many of the more +prominent artists not having submitted works, the different group juries +held meetings, prepared lists of representative works calculated to +reflect credit upon the State, and specifically invited artists and +owners to lend the same for the Exposition. By this means the larger and +better portion of the exhibit was secured. + +The State of New York, the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and the artists +in general in the State of New York are under great obligations to the +members of these juries who so freely, unselfishly and devotedly gave +their valuable time and effort to the organization of the art exhibit +which represented so comprehensively the best achievement of New York +artists. + + +A REPRESENTATIVE EXHIBIT + +Almost every New York painter of individuality and ability--in oil, +water-color and miniature work--was represented adequately and +creditably; the exhibit of sculpture was exceptionally fine; etching and +engraving were exemplified by the ablest exponents of these branches of +art, wood engraving by types of its highest expression; there was an +excellent collection of works from the leading American illustrators, +and noteworthy examples of the applied arts--of artistic handicrafts--by +New York art workers were well in evidence. In architecture, while the +exhibit was creditable, it might have been more comprehensive and +representative; and the same might be said of the exhibit of mural +painting. The latter, however, as readily may be understood, is +extremely difficult of representation at an exposition--most of its +examples having been executed in place, and only cartoons or photographs +of achieved works usually being available for exhibition. + + +ADVISORY COMMITTEES + +The members of the various Advisory Committees in charge of the +organization of the group exhibits were as follows: + +For Oil Paintings: Cecilia Beaux, J. Carroll Beckwith, J. G. Brown, +Howard Russell Butler, William M. Chase, William A. Coffin, Frederick +Dielman, R. Swain Gifford, H. Bolton Jones, John La Farge, Alexander T. +Van Laer, Harry W. Watrous. + +For Water Colors, Pastels and Lithographs: F.S. Church, Charles C. +Curran, Francis C. Jones, Will H. Low, J.C. Nicoll, Will S. Robinson, +Henry B. Snell. + +For Miniature Painting: William J. Baer, Lucia Fairchild Fuller, Laura +C. Hills. + +For Sculpture: Daniel C. French, H.A. MacNeil, A. Phimister Proctor, +Augustus Saint Gaudens, J.Q.A. Ward. + +For Etchings and Engravings (other than wood engravings): Carlton T. +Chapman, C.F. Mielatz, J.C. Nicoll, Alexander Schilling, James D. +Smillie. + +For Wood Engravings: George T. Andrew, Frank French, Henry Wolf. + +For Drawings for Illustration: Henry S. Fleming, Charles Dana Gibson, +Arthur I. Keller, Louis Loeb, Howard Pyle. + +For Architecture: Grosvenor Atterbury, Arnold W. Brunner, Walter Cook, +H.J. Hardenberg, John Galen Howard, C. Grant La Farge, Charles F. McKim, +Henry Rutgers Marshall, George B. Post. + +For Mural Painting: Will H. Low, George W. Maynard, Charles Y. Turner. + +For Applied Arts: William Couper, John La Farge, Frederick S. Lamb, +Louis C. Tiffany, Stanford White, Douglas Volk. + +Harry W. Watrous, Chairman of Executive Committee, Ex-officio member of +all committees. + + +_Exhibits of New York Artists Arranged by Groups, Together with the +Number of Works Contributed, and Award, if Any, Received by Each_ + + +GROUP NINE + +_Paintings and Drawings_ + +_Oil Paintings_ + +Alexander, John W., 8. Gold medal +Anderson, Karl J., 1 +Barse, George R., 1 +Baylos, Zellna, 1 +Beal, Gifford, 2. Bronze medal +Beaux, Cecilia, 3. Gold medal +Beckwith, Carroll, 3. Silver medal +Bell, Edward A., 1. Silver medal +Birney, W. V., 2. Bronze medal +Blakelock, R. A., 1 +Blenner, Carle J., 2. Bronze medal +Blum, Robert F. (deceased), 1 +Bogert, George H., 2. Silver medal +Borglum, Gutzon, 1 +Brigham, W. Cole, 1 +Bristol, J. B., 1 +Brown, Ethelbert, 1 +Brown, J. Francis, 1 +Brown, J. G., 5 +Brown, Matilda, 1 +Bruce, Patrick Henry, 1 +Brush, George de Forest. 1. Gold medal +Burroughs, Bryson, 2. Bronze medal +Butler, Howard Russell, 2. Bronze medal +Carlsen, Emil, 4. Gold medal +Carr, Lyell, 2. Bronze medal +Chapman, Carlton T., 2 +Chase, William M., 7 +Child, Edward B., 2 +Church, Frederick S., 3. Silver medal +Clark, Walter, 2. Silver medal +Coffin, William A., 2. Silver medal +Collins, Alfred Q. (deceased), 2 +Coman, Charlotte B., 2 +Cooper, Colin C., 5 +Cooper, Emma Lampert, 1. Bronze medal +Cotton, Mrs. Leslie, 1 +Couse, E. Irving, 3. Bronze medal +Cox, Kenyon, 1. Gold medal +Cox, Louise, 1. Silver medal +Crane, Bruce, 6. Gold medal +Crane, Frederick, 2. Bronze medal +Curran, Charles C., 4. Silver medal +Curtis, Constance, 1 +Curtis, Elizabeth, 1 +Daingerfield, Elliott, 1 +De Forest, Lockwood, 1 +De Haven, Frank, 1. Silver medal +Denman, Herbert (deceased), 1 +Dewey, Charles Melville, 2. Silver medal +Dodge, W. de Leftwich, 2 +Dougherty, Paul, 1 +Drake, W. H., 1 +Dufner, Edward, 3. Silver medal +Du Mond, Frank V., 6. Silver medal +Dustin, Silas S., 1 +Eaton, Charles Warren, 4. Silver medal +Emmett, Ellen, 2. Silver medal +Emmett, Lydia Field, 1. Silver medal +Ericson, David, 1. Silver medal +Field, Edward Loyal, 1 +Flagg, Montague, 1. Silver medal +Florian, Walter, 3. Silver medal +Foote, Will Howe, 1. Bronze medal +Foster, Ben, 3. Silver medal +Fournier, Alexis J., 3 +Fowler, Frank, 3 +Fromkes, Maurice, 1 +Gauley, Robert D., 3. Bronze medal +Gay, Edward, 2. Bronze medal +Gifford, R. Swain, 3 +Glackens, W. J., 1. Silver medal +Green, Frank Russell, 2. Bronze medal +Groll, Albert L., 2. Silver medal +Guy, Seymour J., 4. Gold medal +Harrison, Birge, 5. Silver medal +Hart, Letitia B., 1 +Hart, Mary T., 1 +Hassam, Childe, 6. Gold medal +Havens, Belle, 1 +Hawthorne, C. W., 1 +Henri, Robert. 2. Silver medal +Henry, Edward L., 3. Bronze medal +Herzog, Louis, 2. Bronze medal +Hitchcock, Lucius W., 1. Bronze medal +Hoeber, Arthur, 1 +Homer, Winslow, 2. Gold medal +Howe, W. H., 3 +Humphreys, Albert, 1 +Huntington, Daniel, 1 +Hyde, William H., 1 +Inness, George, Jr., 2 +Isham, Samuel, 3. Silver medal +Johnson, Eastman, 2. Gold medal +Jones, Francis C., 2. Silver medal +Jones, H. Bolton, 3. Gold medal +Jongers, Alphonse, 2. Silver medal +Kaufman, John F., 1 +Kendall, Margaret, 1. Bronze medal +Kendall, W. Sergeant, 5. Gold medal +Ketcham, Susan N., 1 +Kline, William F., 2. Bronze medal +Kost, Frederick W., 2. Silver medal +Lang, Charles M., 1 +Lathrop, W. L., 1. Bronze medal +Lawson, Ernest, 2. Silver medal +Lee, Henry C., 1 +Lee, Homer, 1 +Leigh, W. R., 1 +Lie, Jonas, 3. Silver medal +Linson, Corwin K., 2 +Lippincott, W. H., 2. Bronze medal +Lockman, De Witt M., 1 +Loeb, Louis, 2. Silver medal +Low, Will H., 5 +Lucas, Alfred P., 1 +Lyman, Joseph, 1. Bronze medal +McChasney, Clara T., 1. Bronze medal +McCord, George H., 1. Bronze medal +McIlhenny, C. M. (deceased), 2 +McLane, M. Jean, 2. Bronze medal +Marchand, J. N., 1 +Marsh, Frederick Dana, 1. Bronze medal +Maynard, George W., 2 +Metcalf, Willard L., 3. Silver medal +Miller, Charles H., 1 +Millet, F. D., 1 +Minor, Robert C. (deceased), 2 +Mora, F. Luis, 1. Bronze medal +Moran, Thomas, 2 +Moschowitz, Paul, 2. Silver medal +Mosler, Gustave H., 1. Bronze medal +Mosler, Henry, 1 +Murphy, J. Francis, 2. Silver medal +Myers, Jerome, 2. Bronze medal +Mygatt, R. K., 1. Silver medal +Needham, C. Austin, 3. Bronze medal +Newell, G. Glenn, 1 +Nicoll, J. C., 3 +Norton, W. E., 1 +Ochtman, Leonard, 5. Gold medal +Palmer, Walter L., 2. Silver medal +Parton, Arthur, 2. Bronze medal +Perrine, Van Deering, 3 +Poore, Henry R., 3. Silver medal +Porter, Benjamin C., 3. Silver medal +Post, W. Merritt, 2 +Potthast, Edward H., 3. Silver medal +Prellwitz, Henry, 1. Silver medal +Questgaard, W., 1 +Raught, J. W., 2 +Rehn, F. K. M. 3. Silver medal +Reid, Robert, 3. Silver medal +Remington, Frederic, 1 +Rice, W. M. J., 1 +Robinson, Theodore (deceased), 4 +Robinson, Will S., 2 +Rook, Edward F., 5. Silver medal +Rouland, Orlando, 1 +Sartain, William, 1 +Saxton, John Gordon, 1. Bronze medal +Schreyvogel, Charles, 1. Bronze medal +Schroeter, Alexander, 1 +Schwill, William V., 3. Bronze medal +Sears, Taber, 1. Bronze medal +Sewell, Amanda B., 3. Bronze medal +Sewell, Robert V. V., 1. Silver medal +Sheppard, Warren, 1 +Sherwood, M. C., 1 +Shirlaw, Walter, 1. Silver medal +Shurtleff, R. M., 1. Bronze medal +Sieber, E. G., 1 +Simmons, Edward E., 1 +Smillie, George H., 1. Bronze medal +Smith, De Cost, 1 +Smith, W. Granville, 1 +Snell, Henry B., 3. Silver medal +Steichen, Eduard, 2 +Stokes, Frank W., 1 +Talcott, Allen B., 4. Silver medal +Thorne, William, 3 +Todd, Henry S., 1. Bronze medal +Tryon, D. W., 4. Gold medal +Turcas, Jules, 1. Bronze medal +Twachtman, J. H. (deceased), 3 +Van Boskerck, R. W., 3. Silver medal +Van der Veer, Mary, 1. Bronze medal +Van Laer, Alexander T., 3 +Volk, Douglas, 3. Silver medal +Vonnoh, Robert W., 5 +Voorhees, Clark G., 1. Bronze medal +Walcott, H.M., 2. Silver medal +Walker, Horatio, 4. Gold medal +Walker, Henry Oliver, 2. Silver medal +Watrous, Harry W., 2 +Weber, F.W., 1 +Weir, J. Alden, 2. Gold medal +Whittemore, W.J., 1 +Whittredge, Worthington, 3. Silver medal +Weigand, Gustav, 1. Bronze medal +Wiggins, Carleton, 4 +Wiles, Irving R., 5. Gold medal +Wiley, Frederick J., 5. Bronze medal +Woolf, S.J., 1 +Wores, Theodore, 1 +Wyant, A.H. (deceased), 3 +Yates, Cullen, 1. Bronze medal +Total--Artists, 207; works, 423 + +_Water Colors and Pastels_ + +Annan, Alice H., 1 +Barse, George R., 1 +Beckwith, Carroll, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Bicknell, E.M., 1 +Birney, W.V., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Blum, Robert F. (deceased), 2 +Bridges, Fidelia, 1 +Bristol, J.B., 1 +Brown, J.G., 1 +Budworth, W.S., 3 +Butler, Howard Russell, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Chapman, Carlton T., 1 +Chase, William M., 1 +Clements, George H., 1 +Clinedinst, B.W., 2 +Colby, Josephine W., 1 +Colman, Samuel, 1 +Coman, Charlotte B., 1 +Cooper, Colin C., 1 +Cooper, Emma Lampert, 4. See "Oil Paintings" +Crowninshield, Frederic, 1 +Curran, Charles C., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Curtis, Constance, 1 +Daingerfield, Elliott, 2 +De Luce, Percival, 1 +Dewey, Charles Melville, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Dewing, Thomas W., 8. Gold medal +Dielman, Frederick, 2 +Drake, Will H., 1 +Eaton, Charles Warren, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Edwards, George Wharton, 2 +Fenn, Harry, 1 +Foss, H. Campbell, 2 +Foster, Ben, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Fry, G. T., 2 +Gifford, R. Swain, 1 +Gilbert, C. Allen, 3 +Green, Frank Russell, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Greene, F. Stewart, 1 +Guerin, Jules, 2. Silver medal +Hardenbergh, Elizabeth R., 1 +Hassam, Childe, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Homer, Winslow, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Hore, Ethel, 1 +Isham, Samuel, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Jones, H. Bolton, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Keith, Dora Wheeler, 1 +Keller, Arthur L., 3. Silver medal +Kinsella, James, 3 +La Farge, John, 3. See "Commemorative Award" +Liebscher, Gustav, 1 +Linson, Corwin K., 3 +Lippincott, W. H., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +McCord, George H., 3. See "Oil Paintings" +McIlhenny, C. M. (deceased), 1 +McLane, M. Jean, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +McChesney, Clara T., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Mora, F. Luis, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Moran, Percy, 2 +Newell, G. Glenn, 2 +Nicholls, Rhoda H., 2. Bronze medal +Nicoll, J. C., 2 +O'Leary, Angela, 1 +Ochtman, Leonard, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Of, George F., Jr., 1 +Palmer, Walter L., 4. See "Oil Paintings" +Platt, Alethea H., 2 +Post, W. M., 1 +Potthast, Edward H., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Proctor, A. Phimister, 1. Bronze medal +Redmond, Frieda W., 1 +Redmond, John J., 2 +Rehn, F. K. M., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Ritschel, William, 2 +Robinson, Will S., 1. Bronze medal +Rockwood, Catherine C., 2 +Rook, Edward F., 1 +Rosenmeyer, B. J., 2 +Sanders, Bertha D., 2 +Schilling, Alexander, 2. Silver medal +Schneider, W. G., 1 +Scott, Emily M., 2 +Sherwood, Rosina E., 5. Silver medal +Shirlaw, Walter, 5. See "Oil Paintings" +Shurtleff, R. M., 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Smillie, George H., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Smith, F. Hopkinson, 3 +Smith, W. Granville, 1 +Snell, Florence F., 1 +Snell, Henry B., 4. See "Oil Paintings" +Soper, James H. Gardner, 1. Bronze medal +Spafard, Myra B., 1 +Stowell, M. Louise, 1 +Tryon, D. W., 15. See "Oil Paintings" +Twachtman, J. H. (deceased), 3 +Van Laer, Alexander T., 1 +Walker, Horatio, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Weir, J. Alden, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Weldon, C. D., 2 +Whittemore, W. J., 2 +Yates, Cullen, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Zogbaum, Rufus F., 1 +Total--Artists, 102; works, 194 + +_Miniatures_ + +Baer, W. J., 3 +Baxter, Martha W., 2 +Bayliss, Lillian, 1 +Beckington, Alice, 4. Bronze medal +De Haas, Alice P. T., 1 +Dix, Eulabee, 1 +Emmett, Lydia Field, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Holley, Caroline E., 3 +Howard, Clara, 1 +Kendall, Margaret, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +King, Paul, 1 +Nicholls, Rhoda H., 3. See "Water Colors" +Searle, Alice A., 1 +Shuttleworth, Claire, 1 +Siboni, Emma B., 5 +Strean, Maria J., 2 +Thayer, Theodora W., 3 +Turner, Helen M., 3 +Underwood, Edith B., 1 +Volk, Ellen S., 1 +Weidner, Carl, 3 +West, Anne Shaw, 1 +Wing, Alice B., 1. Bronze medal +Worrall, R., 2 +Total--Artists, 24; works, 48 + +_Mural Paintings and Designs_ + +Armstrong, Helen M., +Blashfield, Edwin H., 14. Gold medal +Breck, George W., 2. Silver medal +Burgess, Ida J., 1 +Burroughs, Bryson, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Cowles, Maud Alice, 1 +Cox, Kenyon, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Crawford, Earl S., 1 +Curtis, Constance, 1 +Dielman, Frederick. 6 +Deming, Edward W., 3. Bronze medal +Dodge, W. de Leftwich, 3 +Kaufman, J. F., 1 +Kline, William F., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Lamb, Ella Condie, 1 +Lauber, Joseph, 5 +Lichtenauer, J. M., Jr., 2 +Low, Will H., 6 +Marsh, Frederic Dana, 4. See "Oil Paintings" +McLane, M. Jean, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Mora, F. Luis, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +O'Brien, Madeleine, 1 +Sears, Taber, 2 +Sewell, Robert V. V., 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Shean, Charles M., 1. Bronze medal +Shirlaw, Walter, 3. See "Oil Paintings" +Turner, C. Y., 5. Silver medal +Vaillant, Louis D., 2 +Walker, Henry Oliver, 10. See "Oil Paintings" +Wenzell, A. B., 2. Silver medal +Total--Artists, 30; works, 92 + +_Drawings for Illustrations_ + +Chapman, Carlton T., 1 +Child, Edward B., 3 +Clay, John Cecil, 3 +Cowles, Genevieve, 1 +Cowles, Maud A., 1. Bronze medal +Du Mond, Frank V., 5. See "Oil Paintings" +Edwards, George Wharton, 3 +Fogarty, Thomas, 5 +Gibson, Charles Dana, 3. Silver medal +Gillam, Victor, 3 +Glackens, W. J., 8. Bronze medal +Hambidge, Jay, 1 +Hinton, Charles L., 6 +Hitchcock, Lucius W., 4. Silver medal +Hutt, Henry, 1 +Keller, Arthur I., 6. Gold medal +Lawrence, William H., 1 +Leigh, William H., 2 +Leyendecker, F. X., 5 +Linson, Corwin K., 2 +Loeb, Louis, 5. Silver medal +Orson, Lowell, 6 +McCarter, Henry, 3. Silver medal +McLane, M. Jean, 2. See "Oil Paintings" +Mora, F. Luis, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Parrish, Maxfield, 2 +Penfold, Edward, 5 +Reuterdahl, H., 5 +Rhead, Louis J., 3 +Rosenmeyer, B. J., 1 +Sherwood, Rosina E., 4 +Shinn, Florence S., 2 +Smith, W. Granville, 1 +Steele, Frederic Door, 5. Bronze medal +Sterner, Albert, 2 +Stevens, W. D., 3 +Taylor, C. Jay, 3 +Van der Veer, Mary, 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Walcott, H. M., 1. See "Oil Paintings" +Wenzell, A. B., 4. See "Mural Paintings and Designs" +White, C. H., 1 +Winslow, Eleanor C., 1 +Zogbaum, R. F., 2 +Total--Artists, 43; works, 127 + +The following commemorative award was also conferred in this group: + +La Farge, John, commemorating distinguished service in art. Medal of + honor + + +GROUP TEN + +_Engravings and Lithographs_ + +_Etchings and Engravings_ + +(Other than Wood Engravings) + +Bacher, Otto H., 4. Silver medal +Beckwith, Carroll, 1 +Bellows, A. F., 4 +Bloodgood, R. F., 2 +Blum, Robert F. (deceased), 3 +Chapman, Carlton T., 8 +Dielman, Frederick, 2 +Farrar, Henry (deceased), 1 +Guy, Seymour J., 1 +Hale, Walter, 6 +Hambidge, Jay, 1 +Hovenden, Thomas (deceased), 2 +Jones, H. Bolton, 1 +King, James S., 1 +Lathrop, W. L., 4 +Laube, Joseph, 7 +Lewis, Arthur Allen, 3. Bronze medal +Lippincott, W. H., 3 +Loewenburg, N., 2 +Mielatz, Charles F. W., 21 +Moran, Mary Nimmo (deceased), 7 +Nicoll, J. C., 9 +Osgood, Harry H., 7 +Reich, Jacques, 2 +Robbins, Horace W. (deceased), 1 +Roth, Ernest D., 4 +Sandreczki, Otto W., 1 +Schilling, Alexander, 10 +Schneider, Otto J., 5 +Scholl, E., 2 +Senseney, George, 1 +Shelton, W. H., 1 +Smillie, James D., 12 +Sterne, Maurice J., 13. Bronze medal +Trowbridge, Vaughan, 7 +Vondrous, John C., 6 +White, Charles H., 3. Bronze medal +Weir, J. Alden, 21. Silver medal +Wood, Thomas W. (deceased), 1 +Yale, Leroy M., 7 +Yewell, George H., 3 +Total--Artists, 41; works, 200 + + +_Wood Engravings_ + +Bernstrom, Victor, 2. Silver medal +Chadwick, C. W., 4. Bronze medal +Cole, Timothy, 10. Grand prize +Evans, John W., 5 +French, Frank, 1. Gold medal +Heineman, E., 2 +Klotz, H., 1. Bronze medal +Kruell, Gustav, 8. Gold medal +Merrill, Hiram C., 5. Bronze medal +Northcote, Stafford M., 1. Bronze medal +Watt, William G., 1 +Wolf, Henry, 29. See "Commemorative Award" +Total--Artists, 12; works, 69 + +The following commemorative award was also conferred in this group: + +Wolf, Henry, commemorating distinguished service in art. Medal of honor + + +GROUP ELEVEN + +_Sculpture_ + +Adams, Herbert, 5. Gold medal +Alfano, Vincenzo, 2 +Bissell, George E., 1. Silver medal +Bitter, Karl T. F., 4. Gold medal +Borglum, Gutzon, 8. Gold medal +Borglum, Solon, 9. Gold medal +Boyle, John J., 5. Silver medal +Brenner, Victor David, 28. Silver medal +Bush-Brown, H. K., 7 +Carpenter, Margaret S.; 1. Bronze medal +Eberle, Mrs. A. V., 1. Bronze medal +Flanaghan, John, 4. Silver medal +French, Daniel Chester, 4 +Glenny, Alice R., 1 +Goodwin, Mrs. Frederick, 1 +Harvey, Eli, 9. Bronze medal +Heber, C. A., 1. Bronze medal +Hyatt, Mrs. A. V., 2. Bronze medal +Jaegers, Albert, 1. Bronze medal +Konti, Isidore, 2. Gold medal +Linder, Henry, 1. Bronze medal +Longman, Evelyn B., 4. Silver medal +Lopez, Charles A., 6. Gold medal +Lukeman, Augustus, 1. Bronze medal +MacNeil, Hermon A., 3 +Mears, Helen F., 1. Silver medal +Miranda, Fernando, 1 +Niehaus, Charles H., 8. Gold medal +Piccirilli, Attilio, 4. Silver medal +Piccirilli, Furio, 1. Silver medal +Proctor, A. Phimister, 4. Gold medal +Rhind, J. Massey, 1. Bronze medal +Roth, Frederick G. R., 7. Silver medal +Saint Gaudens, Augustus, 1. See "Commemorative Award" +Salvatore, Victor, 1. Bronze medal +Schwarzott, Maximilian, 1. Bronze medal +Scudder, Janet, 1. Bronze medal +Stillman, Effie, 3. Bronze medal +Tonetti, F. M. L., 3. Bronze medal +Triebel, C. E., 1 +Usher, Leila, 1 +Vonnoh, Bessie Potter, 10. Gold medal +Ward, Elsie, 1. Bronze medal +Ward, John Quincy Adams, 1. See "Commemorative Award" +Warner, Olin L. (deceased), 2 +Weinert, Albert, 1 +Weinmann, Adolf A., 5. Silver medal +Yandell, Enid, 1. Bronze medal +Zolnay, George Julian, 2 +Total--Artists, 49; works, 173 + +The following commemorative awards were also conferred in this group: +Augustus Saint Gaudens, commemorating distinguished service in + art. Medal of honor +John Ouincy Adams Ward, commemorating distinguished service + in art. Medal of honor + + +GROUP TWELVE + +_Architecture_ + +Atterbury, Grosvenor, 3. Silver medal +Babb, Cook & Willard, 2 +Boring & Tilton, 6. Silver medal +Brunner, Arnold W., 4. Gold medal +Carrere, Brunner & Burnham, 6 +Carrere & Hastings, 7. Gold medal +Coulter, W. L., 2 +Flagg, Ernest, 14 +Friedlander, J. H., 3 +Gilbert, Cass, 3. Gold medal +Green & Wicks, 1 +Hardenbergh, H. J., 1 +Heins & La Farge, 4. Silver medal +Langton, D. W., 1 +Lord & Hewlett, 4 +Total--Architects, 15; works, 61 + +The following commemorative award was also conferred: + +John M. Carrere. Gold medal + + +GROUP FOURTEEN + +_Original Objects of Art Workmanship_ + +_Applied Arts_ + +Adams, Ralph R., 2 +Archer, Annie M., 1 +Bell, Peter, 1 +Binns, Charles F., 5. Silver medal +Burdick, Bessie, 2 +Crosbee, Mrs. W. G., 2 +Farnham, Paulding, 15. Gold medal +Foote, Florence, 4. Bronze medal +Fry, Marshall, 7 +Hicks, Amy M., 2 +Hoagland, Jane, 3 +Lamb, Frederick S., 1 +Lawrence, F. Walter, 27 +Leonard, Anna B., 7. Silver medal +MacNeil, Mrs. Carol B., 5. Bronze medal +Perkins, Mrs. Annie F., 2 +Perkins, Lucy F.4. Bronze medal +Pond, T. H., 1 +Randolph, Isabella, 2 +Robineau, Mrs. A. A., 7 +Sanders, Bertha D., 1 +Solon, L. M., 1 +Tiffany, Louis C. (designer), 79. Silver medal +Volk, Mrs. Douglas, 2. Silver medal +Volk, Wendell D., 1 +Volkmar, Charles, 9. Bronze medal +Von Rydingsvaard, Karl, 1 +Wolrath, Frederic E., 2. Bronze medal +Yandell, Charles R., 9 + Total--Artists, 29; works, 205 + +The following special commemorative awards were also conferred in the +Department of Art: + +Harry W. Watrous, for valuable assistance in the formation of the + exhibit of the United States section. Gold medal + +Charles M. Kurtz, for service in connection with the Department of Art, + direction of installation, etc. Gold medal + +George Julian Zolnay, for service in connection with the Department of + Art, direction of installation, etc. Gold medal + + +RECAPITULATION + +_Showing the Relative Importance of the Participation of the State of +New York in the United States Section of the Department of Art of the +Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904_ + + +New York's Participation compared with that of the entire United States +including New York. + +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ + | | | | Draw- | Etch- | | | | | + | Water | | | ings | ings | | | | | +Oil | Color | | Mural | for | and | Wood | | Archi| Ap- | +Paint| and | Minia-| Paint | Illus- | Engrav| Engrav| Sculp| -tec-| plied| +-ing | Pastel| tures | -ings | tration| -ings | -ings | -ture| ture | Arts |Totals +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ +[*]Total number of artists represented in the United States Section. + 472 | 185 | 52 | 41 | 54 | 59 | 14 | 92 | 74 | 200 | 1,243 +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ +[*]N. Y. artists represented + 207 | 102 | 24 | 30 | 43 | 41 | 12 | 49 | 15 | 29 | 552 +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ +Total number of works in the United States Section + 904 | 314 | 90 | 114 | 178 | 269 | 82 | 354 | 290 | 946 | 3,541 +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ +Works by New York artists + 413 | 194 | 48 | 92 | 127 | 200 | 69 | 173 | 61 | 205 | 1,592 +-----|-------|-------|-------|--------|-------|-------|------|------|------|------ + +[Footnote *: Where an artist has exhibited in more than one class, his +name has been counted more than once.] + + + + 1=Oil Painting + 2=Water Color and Pastel + 3=Miniatures + 4=Mural Paintings + 5=Drawings for Illustration + 6=Etchings and engravings + 7=Wood Engravings + 8=Sculpture + 9=Architecture +10=Applied Arts + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +New York's Participation +compared with that of +the entire United States +including New York 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Totals +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[1]SALES EFFECTED +For all United States +artists............... 87 34 26 10 14 375 546 +For New York artists.. 54 22 20 10 13 10 129 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +AWARDS |-----------------|-----------| +Comm. { To all U.S. +Gold { artists 1 1 2 - - 4 +Medals { To New York +of Honor { artists 1 1 2 - - 4 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + { To all U.S. +Grand { artists 1 1 1 - 3 6 +Prizes { To New York + { artists +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + { To all U.S. +Gold { artists 36 4 12 7 8 67 +Medals { To New York + { artists 19 3 9 4 1 36 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + { To all U.S. +Silver { artists 99 12 19 11 15 156 +Medals { To New York + { artists 58 7 10 3 4 82 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + { To all U.S. +Bronze { artists 103 17 29 4 22 175 +Medals { To New York + { artists 52 10 16 - 5 83 +------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +TOTALS +To all United States + artists 240 35 63 22 48 408 +To New York artists 130 21 37 7 10 205 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +Special {Total to +Comm. { U.S. 7 415 +Gold { To New +Medals { Yorkers 3 208 +----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +[Footnote 1: In the report of the Superintendent of the Bureau of Sales, +the Paintings sold approximated in value $70,000; the Engravings, $900; +the Sculpture, $2,000, and the works of Applied Art, $7,500. + +Out of the 904 oil paintings, 241 were owned by private parties (many +being portraits) and were not for sale. Of the 662 works for sale, the +87 sold constituted nearly 13% of the whole number. The oil paintings +contributed by New York artists which were not for sale numbered 138, +leaving 281 for sale. The 54 works sold constituted approximately 20% of +the New York pictures offered for sale. + +Of the 314 water colors, 73 were not for sale. There were 241 for sale. +The 34 works sold were approximately 13% of the entire number offered. +Of the 194 water colors by New York artists, 46 were not for sale. Of +the 148 works for sale, the 22 sold is nearly 15% of the number of works +offered by New York artists in this medium.] + + +THE INTERNATIONAL JURY + +The International Jury in the Department of Art was composed of the +following members + +_United States_.--Thomas Allen, E. A. Batchelder, S. S. Beman, Hugh +H. Breckenridge, Richard E. Brooks, Carlton T. Chapman (New York), +William M. Chase (New York), Ralph Clarkson, Walter Cook (New York), +Conlin Campbell Cooper (New York), Charles Percy Davis, Frank Miles Day, +Lockwood de Forest (New York), Frederick Dielman (New York), Frank +Duveneck, Daniel Chester French (New York), Mrs. Eugene Field, R. Swain +Gifford (New York), Charles Grafly, Will H. Low (New York), Hermon A. +MacNeil (New York), Elizabeth St. John Mathews, J. L. Mauran, C. F. W. +Mielatz (New York), James Craig Nicoll (New York), Joseph Pennell, Mary +Solari, Theodore C. Steele, Alice Barber Stevens, Edmund C. Tarbell, S. +Seymour Thomas, Alexander T. Van Laer (New York), Bessie Potter Vonnoh +(New York), Robert W. Vonnoh (New York), C. Howard Walker, H. Langford +Warren, Rose Weld, Frederic Allen Whiting, Carleton Wiggins (New York), +Henry Wolf (New York), Edmund H. Wuerpel + +_Argentia_.--Eduardo Schiaffino, George Julian Zolnay (New York) + +_Austria_.--Dr. Paul Cohn, Adolph Kraus, Gustav Niederlein, +Nicolaus Staits, William J. King + +_Belgium_.--Guillaume de Groot, Ernest Verlant + +_Brazil_.---J. Americo dos Santos + +_Bulgaria_.--Charles M. Kurtz (New York) + +_Canada_.--Paul Harney + +_Cuba_.--Gonzalo de Quesada + +_Germany_.--William J. Baer (New York), Erich Hoesel, Richard +Müller, Hans von Petersen, Max Schlichting, Fr. von Thiersch + +_Holland_.--William H. Howe (New York), Willy Martens, John C. +Schüller, Herbert Vos + +_Hungary_.--Bertelon Karlovsky, George Julian Zolnay (New York) + +_Italy_.--Professor Pepoti Cantalamessa, Il Marchese Majnoni +d'Itagnano, Ugo Ojetti + +_Japan_.--Tooru Iwamura, Heromich Shugio + +_Mexico_.--Isidoro Aldasoro + +_Portugal_.--Marcel Horteloup + +_Russia_.--William H. Fox, J. M. Godberg, Emil Vautier + +_Sweden_.--Anshelm Schultzberg, Dr. Eugene Wagner + +From the above jurors the juries for the several groups of the +classification were made up--each group jury being international in +character. + + +LOAN COLLECTION OF PAINTINGS + +A prominent feature of the United States section of the Department of +Art was a loan collection composed of especially noteworthy paintings +from some of the most noted private collections of the United States. +This collection was organized by Mr. Will H. Low, of New York. It +contained 122 paintings representing many schools and periods. Of these +works forty-three were lent by New York owners, as follows: + +_George J. Gould_.--Domenico Ghirlandajo, Rembrandt van Ryn ("The +Standard Bearer"), Frans Hals, Aert van der Neer, Gerard Don, Jean Marc +Nattier, Sir Joshua Reynolds ("The Duchess of Marlborough"), Thomas +Gainsborough; John Constable, J. M. W. Turner, Eugene Fromentin, +Constant Troyon, Theodore Rosseau ("The Charcoal Burners' Hut" and "Le +Cure, Evening"), J.B.C. Corot ("Le Dance des Amours"), N.V. Diaz, +Mariano Fortuny and J.L. Gerome + +_Helen Miller Gould_.--Jean Francois Millet ("Washerwomen"), J. L. +E. Meissonier ("The Smoker"), Rosa Bonheur, Alfred Stevens and Ludwig +Knaus ("The Children's Party") + +_Estate of Jay Gould_.--J.B.C. Corot ("Antique Dance") and Emile +van Marcke + +_Duraud-Ruel_.--Alexandre Gabriel Decamps, Eugene Delacroix, +Gustave Courbet, Eugene Fromentin, Francois Bonvin (two examples), +J.B.C. Corot, and Jules Dupre + +_Charles Fairchild_.--William Morris Hunt and Elihu Vedder + +_Lockwood de Forest_.--Frederick E. Church + +_National Academy of Design_.--Octave Tassaert and R. Caton +Woodville + +_Cottier & Co_.--Sir John Everett Millais + +_Charles M. Kurtz_.--Anton Mauve ("Sheep on the Dunes") + +_Julia Wilder Kurtz_.--Thomas Couture + + + +CHAPTER XI + +Agriculture and Live Stock Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT + +By J. H. DURKEE + +Superintendent + +[Illustration] + + + +The New York State Commission, in July, 1903, appointed J. H. Durkee, of +Sandy Hill, N. Y., superintendent of agriculture, live stock and dairy +products, with John McCann, of Elmira, Howard Moon, of Cobleskill, +Theodore Horton, of Elmira, and W. A. Smith as assistants in the +department of agriculture, W. W. Smallwood, of Warsaw, and W. A. +McCoduck, of Sandy Hill, having direct supervision of live stock and +dairy products respectively. George A. Smith, of Geneva, was +superintendent for collecting dairy products. These gentlemen did the +work assigned them faithfully and well, which is fully attested by the +number of grand prizes and medals won in these departments. + + +SCOPE OF EXHIBIT + +New York State has no distinctive agricultural product as has many of +the other, especially some of the western, States but grows nearly +everything in larger or smaller quantities that is grown in the north +temperate zone. + +In collecting and installing this exhibit, the aim was to gather these +varied products and arrange them so as to show the real grain or +vegetable to the best advantage rather than to show a fancifully +arranged display of such products as would be of little or no value to +those interested in practical agriculture. With this end in view, each +section of the State was drawn upon for the best samples of the staple +crops of that section. These samples were carefully inspected by +competent judges, and only those of real merit were placed in the +collection for exhibit. So thoroughly was this work of selection done +that a large proportion of the samples received an award. + + +LABELING EACH SPECIMEN + +That the exhibit might be of the greatest value to those most interested +in agricultural pursuits, on each sample was placed a card giving the +name and variety of the sample, also the name and post office address of +the grower. Every day men could be seen with pencil and paper in hand +taking names and addresses for future correspondence. + + +CONTINUOUS DISPLAY OF VEGETABLES + +New York was one of the few States that had its exhibit complete at the +opening of the Exposition, and was the only State that made a large and +continuous display of fresh vegetables. Its display was greatly admired +and favorably commented upon by the press, as well as by individuals. +From the opening of the Exposition until the crop of 1904 was ready, the +tables of the New York exhibit were kept filled with the standard +vegetables of 1903, which had been placed in cold storage and were +brought out as needed. + +At the close of the Exposition, December 1, 1904, New York had over +forty varieties of potatoes as well as many other vegetables on +exhibition that were gathered in 1903, having been out of the ground +over fifteen months. To the inexperienced eye, they could not be +distinguished from the crop of 1904. In October and November, New York's +vegetable display was unusually fine. The judges who passed upon it said +it was the finest collection of vegetables they had ever seen. + + +AWARDS + +The catalogue of exhibitors which follows shows conclusively that New +York is truly the Empire State so far as agricultural products are +concerned. It was the only State that was awarded a grand prize on fresh +vegetables alone. J. M. Thorburn & Co., of New York, Glendale Stock +Farm, Glens Falls, and Cornell University, Ithaca, also received grand +prizes on vegetables. + +_Catalogue of the Exhibitors in the Department of Agriculture, with +the Award, if Any, Received by Each_ + + +GROUP EIGHTY-FOUR + +_Vegetable Food Products--Agricultural Seeds_ + +Alms House Farm, Varyburg + Wheat + Oats--White Michigan +J. B. Anderson, Kennedy. Bronze medal + Barley--Six-Rowed + Oats--Swedish +R. I. Anderson, Florida + Corn--Eight-Rowed Red +C. S. Baldwin, Wellsville. Bronze medal + Corn--Red Glazed, ears +W. H. Bellamy, Wellsville. Bronze medal + Oats--Swede, White Russian +F. J. Bellinger, Hammond. Silver medal + Oats--Clydesdale +E. A. Bentley, Wellsville. Bronze medal + Corn--Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears +T. T. Blodgett, Fishkill. Silver medal + Rye--Dark + Oats--White Swede +L. G. Brainard, Ellington. Silver medal + Rye--Winter +C. E. H. Breckon, Clarence. Bronze medal + Beans--White Kidney +Charles Brian, Perry. Silver medal + Wheat--Klondike +Briggs Bros., Rochester. Bronze medal + Corn--Leaming, Golden Beauty +George Bronson & Son, Bath. Bronze medal + Oats--New Lincoln + Buckwheat--Gray + Wheat--Gold Coin + Corn--Dibbs' Ninety-Day-Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears +L. M. Bronson, Bath + Wheat--White Winter +Brooks Bros., Painted Post. Silver medal + Wheat--Gold Bullion + Buckwheat--Silver Gray + Corn--Red Beauty Pop + Oats--Russian, Lincoln, White Swede +George W. Brooks, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Buckwheat--Silver Gray + Beans--Coffee + Mustard--Black +M. D. Bennett, Elmira, R. F. D. No. 1. Silver medal + Buckwheat--Silver Hull, Japanese +Lewis J. Brundage, Starkey. Silver medal + Wheat--Duck + Buckwheat--Silver Gray + Wheat--Gold Coin, Prosperity + Barley--Two Rowed + Beans--Red Kidney, White Kidney, Marrow + Barley--Hulless +R. R. Buck, Warsaw. Gold medal + Wheat +Isaac Budlong, Scottsville. Bronze medal + Wheat--Prosperity +W. Carroll, LaGrangeville. Bronze medal + Oats.--White + Corn.--Early Mastadon, ears +Charles Caswell, Abbott. Bronze medal + Corn.--White Red Glaze, ears +W. L. Chapin, Warsaw. Silver medal + Wheat.--Malay Winter +Perry E. Chappel, Warsaw. Silver medal + Wheat.--Fultz +D. E. Chase, Warsaw. Silver medal + Wheat.-Red Clawson + Oats.--Lincoln +C. W. Clark, Skaneateles. Silver medal + Collection of Teasels +J. H. Clute, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Corn.--Twelve-Rowed Yellow + Wheat.-Long Medt + Beans.--Burlingame's Prolific, Marrow +Miles Colburn, Ellington. Bronze medal + Oats.--Early Siberian +Harry Cole, Caneadea + Corn.--Yellow, ears +M. D. Corbett, Bath. Silver medal + Rye.--White +Cornell University, Ithaca. Bronze medal + Wheat.--White Chall Medt, Reliable +F. H. Crowley, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow + Buckwheat.--Silver Hull, Small Silver Gray +E. Crippen, Horseheads. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Clawson +Crossman Bros., Rochester. Grand prize + Field, Garden, and Flower Seeds + Peas.--Crossman's First and Best, Crossman's Extra Early + True, Early Kent, Early June, Dan O'Rourke, Philadelphia + Extra Early, Alaska, Grandun, American Wonder, Nott's Excelsior, + Extra Early Premium Gem, McLean's Little Gem, Surprise + or Eclipse, Tom Thumb, Abundance, Advancers McLeans, + Dwarf Daisy, Dwarf Champion, Everbearing, Heroine, Horsford's + Market Garden, Pride of the Market, Stratagem Imp, + Shropshire Hero, Yorkshire Hero, Duke of Albany, Telephone, + Telegraph, Champion of England, Forty Fold, Long Island + Mammoth, Large White Marrowfat, Black-Eyed Marrowfat, + Canada Field, Mammoth Podded Sugar, Melting Sugar, Dwarf + Gray-Seeded Sugar, Tall Gray-Seeded Sugar, Laxton's Alpha + Beans.--Early Dwarf Prolific Black Wax or Butter, Early + Dwarf, Challenge Black Wax or Butter, Early Pencil Pod + Black Wax, Early Dwarf Improved Golden Wax, Early Dwarf + Black-Eyed Wax, Early Dwarf Golden-Eyed Wax, Early + Dwarf Red Flageolet Wax, Early Dwarf Refugee Wax, Early + Dwarf Wardwell's Kidney Wax, Early Dwarf Dair's White + Kidney Wax, Yosemite Mammoth Wax, Improved Early Red + Valentine, Early Mohawk, Early Yellow Six Weeks, Early + China Red-Eye, Early Refugee, Burpee's Stringless Green Pod, + Refugee or Thousand to One, Dwarf Horticultural, Broad + Windsor, Improved Red Kidney, Royal Dwarf or White + Kidney, White Marrowfat, White Medium, Boston Small Pea + Bean, Henderson's Dwarf Lima, Burpee's Bush Lima, Dreer's + Bush Lima, New Prolific Pickle, Coffee or Sofa Bean, New + Golden Cluster Wax, German Black Wax, Horticultural or + Speckled Cranberry, Kentucky Wonder, Lazy Wife's, Lima + Early Jersey, Lima King of the Garden, Lima Large White, + Lima Dreer's Improved, Lima Small or Sieve, Southern Prolific, + Scarlet Runners, White Dutch Runners, Dutch Case Knife, + Red Speckled cut Short or Corn Hill + Corn.--First of All, Adams' Extra Early, Early Red Cory, + Early White Cory, Early Mammoth White Cory, Early Marblehead, + Early Minnesota, Early Adams, Early Sweet or Sugar, + Shakers' Early, Perry's Hybrid or Ballard, Crosby's Early, + Moore's Early Concord, Early Mammoth, Black Mexican, + Crossman's Genesee Sweet, Stowell's Evergreen, Country Gentleman, + Large Late Mammoth, Clark's None Such, Egyptian + or Washington Mammoth, Hickox's Improved, Old Colony, + Parshing White Pearl, Parshing White Rice, Angel of Midnight + Yellow Dent, Extra Early Huron Yellow Dent, King + of the Earliest Yellow Dent, Golden Beauty Yellow Dent, + Golden Dent Yellow Dent, Longfellow Yellow Flint, Leaming + Improved Yellow Dent, Pride of the North Yellow Dent, Sanford + White Flint, Mastadon, Improved Hickory King White + Dent, Iowa Red Mine Yellow Dent, Golden Dew Drop, Southern + Sheep Tooth, Red Cob Ensilage, Sweet or Sugar + Cow Peas.--Black, Black Eyed, Clay, Whip-Poor-Will, + Wonderful + Buckwheat.--New Japanese, Silver Hull + Artichoke.--French Green Globe + Asparagus.--Conover's Colossal, Palmetto, Barr's Mammoth, + Columbian Mammoth White + Beets.--Eclipse, Dark Red Egyptian Turnip, Crosby's Dark + Red Egyptian, Crimson Globe, Detroit Dark Red Turnip, Edmand's + Blood Turnip, Extra Early Turnip Bassano, Early + Blood Turnip Bastians, Lentz's Early Blood Turnip, Dewing's + Early Blood Turnip, Long Dark Blood, Red Globe, Yellow, + Mammoth Long Red, Norbitian Giant Long Red, Yellow Ovoid, + Golden Tankard, French White Sugar, Lane's Improved White + Sugar, Vilmorin's Improved White Sugar, Klein Wanzleben + Broccoli.--Early Purple Cape, Early Large White + Brussells Sprouts.--Tall Extra, Dwarf Improved + Cabbage.--Early Jersey Wakefield, Early Large Charleston + Wakefield, Early Express, All Seasons, Premium Flat Dutch, + Louisville Drumhead, Danish Round Winter or Baldhead, + Stone Mason Marblehead, Hollander + Carrots.--Chantenay, Half Long Scarlet, Early Scarlet + Short Horn, Danvers Half Long Orange, Mastodon White + Intermediate, Large White Belgian + Cauliflower.--Early London or Dutch + Celery.--Golden Self-Blanching, French, Golden Heart or + Golden Dwarf, Sandringham Dwarf White, Golden Rose or + Rose-Ribbed Paris + Corn Salad.--Large Seeded, Improved Green Cabbaging + Cucumbers.--Cumberland, Early Russian, Green Cluster, + Green Prolific, Jersey Pickling, Early Frame, Early White + Spice, Livingston's Emerald, Nichol's Medium Green, Long + Green + Chicory.--Large Rooted + Collards.--True Georgia or Creole + Cress.--Curled or Peppergrass, True Water Cress + Egg Plant.--Improved New York Purple Spineless + Endive.--White Curled + Kale.--Semi-Dwarf Moss Curled + Kohl Rabi.--Early White Vienna + Leek.--Large Carentan Winter + Lettuce.--Crossman's New Improved, Early White Cabbage, + Early Curled Simpson, Black-Seeded Simpson, Early Prize + Head, Big Boston, Grand Rapids, All the Year Round, Yellow-Seeded + Butter + Musk Melons.--Extra Early Hackensack, Fine Large Green + Nutmeg, Baltimore Acme Cantaloupe, Jenny Lind, Montreal + Market, Bay View, Cosmopolitan, Long Island Beauty, Paul + Rose or Petoskey, Delmonico, Early Christiana, Banana, Tip + Top + Water Melons.--Cole's Early, Green Gold, Florida Favorite, + Pride of Georgia, Hungarian Honey, Seminole, Black Spanish, + Phinney's Early, Ice Cream White-Seeded, jumbo or Jones, + Striped Gipsy, Georgia Rattle Snake, Mammoth Iron Clad, + Kolba Gem, New Dixie, Volga, Kleckley's Sweet, Iceberg + Mustard.--White London or English, Giant Southern Curled + Mushroom Spawn.--Best English + Okra.--White Velvet Pod + Parsley.--Champion Moss-Curled + Parsnips.--Long White Dutch, Imp. Hollow Crown, Guernsey or Cup + Pumpkins.--Imp. Cushaw, Mammoth Tours, King of Mammoth, + Connecticut Field + Onions.--Early Red Globe, Large Red Wethersfield, Yellow + Dutch or Strasburg, Yellow Danvers, Yellow Danvers Globe, + Prize Taker, White Globe, White Portugal or Silver Skin, + New White Queen, Bermuda White, Large Italian, Large Dark + Red Bassano + Peppers.--Large Bell or Bull Nose + Radishes.--Early Scarlet Globe, White-Tipped Scarlet Turnip, + Golden Globe Turnip-Rooted, French Breakfast, Early + Deep Scarlet, White Strasburg or Hospital White Stuttgart, + Large Scarlet Short Top, Long Brightest Scarlet, Long White + Vienna or Lady Finger, New Chartier or Sheppard, Long + White Naples, Chinese Rose Winter, California Mammoth + White Winter, Japanese Early Mammoth Sakura Jima + Rhubarb.--Lennaens, Victoria Myatts, St. Martins + Salsify.-Salsify or Vegetable Oyster, Mammoth Sandwich + Island + Spinach.--New Giant, Prickley or Winter, Long Standing, + Victoria Long Standing, New Zealand + Squash.--Early Yellow Bush Scallop, Early White Bush + Scallop, Early Golden Crookneck, Early White Crookneck, + Mammoth Golden Crookneck, Perfect Gem, Boston Marrow, + Hubbard Improved, Warty Hubbard, Pike's Peak or Sibley, + Turban or Turk's Cap, Butman + Tobacco.--Connecticut Seed Leaf, Conqueror, Little Dutch, + Orinoco Yellow, Tuckahoe, White Burley + Sunflowers.-Mammoth Russian + Tomatoes.-Dwarf Monarch, Matchless, Dwarf Aristocrat, + Long Keeper, Early Atlantic Prize, New Stone, Ignotum, + Paragon, Scoville's Hubird, Trophy, Queen Red, Acme, Dwarf + Champion, Imperial, Ponderosa, Golden Queen or Sunrise, + Peach, Plum-Shaped Yellow, Red Cherry, Strawberry or + Ground Cherry + Turnips.--Milan Extra Early, Purple Top, Early White Flat + Dutch Strap Leaf, Early Six Weeks or Snowball, Purple Top + Strap Leaf, Purple Top White Globe, Purple Top Scotch or + Aberdeen, Amber Globe, Seven Top, Skirving's Imp. Purple + Top, White Sweet or White Russian, Sweet German + Miscellaneous + Beggar Weed + Broom Corn.--Evergreen + Canary + Chafas + Hemp--Russian + Honey Locust + Kaffir Corn--White, Red + Osage--Orange + Rape--Dwarf Essex + Sugar Cane--Early Amber, Orange, Teosinte + Vetches--Spring + Wild Rice + Herbs--Anise, Balm, Borage, Caraway, Chervil Curled, + Coriander, Dill, Horehound, Lavender, Rosemary, Rue, Sage + (English Broadleaf), Summer Savory, Sweet Basil, Sweet Fennel, + Sweet Marjoram, Tansy, Thyme (Broadleaf) Wormwood + Grasses--Red Top Fancy Clean, Kentucky Blue Fancy + Clean, Bermuda Grass, Fescue Meadow, Orchard Grass, Rye + Grass (Perennial), Sweet Vernal, Hungarian Grass, Millet + (German, Golden Japanese, Barnyard, Siberian), Lawn Grass + (Crossman's Park Mixture), Rye Grass (Italian) + Clovers.--White Dutch, Alsike or Swedish, Alfalfa or + Lucerne, Crimson, Medium Red, Timothy + Flower Seeds.--Abronia Umbellata, Ageratune Mexicanum + Blue, Alyssum Sweet, Amaranthus, Antirrhinum Majus Snap + Dragon, Asters (Branching Mixed), Balsam Double Mixed, + Bartonia Aurea, Calendula Prince of Orange, Calliopsis Mixed, + Canary Bird Flower, Candytuft (White, Mixed), Canna Mixed, + Carnation Mixed, Celosia Dwarf Mixed Cockscomb, Centanrea, + Cyanns Bachelor Button, Cobaea Scandens Purple, Cosmos + Mixed, Cypress Vine Mixed, Double Daisy Mixed, Eschscholtzia + Californica, Gaillardia Lorensiana, Gomphrena Globosa, + Gourd (Apple Shaped, Bottle Shaped, Dipper Shaped, Egg + White, Hercules Club, Mock Orange, Pear Shape, Sugar + Trough), Helichrysum, Hollyhock Double Mixed Chaters, Ice + Plant, Larkspur (Perennial Mixed), Lobelia Speciosa Crystal + Palace, Lupinus Mixed Colors, Marigold French Dwarf, Martynia + Probosidea, Marvel of Peru, Mixed Four O'Clock, Moon + Flower Cross-bred or Hybrid, Mignonette Sweet Large- + Flowered, Morning Glory, (Convolvulus Major, Giant + Japanese), Myosotis Palastris Forget-Me-Not, Nasturtium + (Dwarf Mixed, Tall Mixed), Pansy Very Large Flowering + Mixed, Petunia Mixed Hybrid, Phlox Drummond Grandiflori + Mixed, Poppy Carnation Double Mixed, Portulaca Single + Mixed, Ricinus Sanguineus (Castor Oil Bean), Salpiglossis + Large Mixed, Scabiosa Majus Dwarf Mixed, Smilax Boston, + Stock German Dwarf Mixed, Sunflower Double Globosus + Fislutosus, Swan River Daisy, Sweet William (double), Thunbergia + Mixed, Verbenas Hybrid Mixed, Wild Cucumber, + Quinnia Double Dwarf Mixed, Sunflower White Seeded, + Phoenis (Reclinata, Canariensis), Dracaena (Indivisa, Australis), + Snails, Wonus, Dolishos, Lablab White, Lagums + Ovatus, Avena Steralis, Coix Lachrymo, Zea Japinica, Ameranthus + Candatus + Sweet Peas.--America, Broeatton, Emily Eckford, Fire Fly, + Katherine Tracy, Navy Blue, Queen of England, Crossman's + Special Mixed +James J. Culbertson, Groveland. Silver medal + Wheat.--Gold Bullion, Dawson's Golden Chaff + Beans.--Marrow +Frank H. Cupp, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Rye.--White +Albert J. Davis, Spencerport. Bronze medal + Corn +Hiram Davis, Gansevoort. Bronze medal + Corn +C. A. Davidson, Caton. Bronze medal + Oats +W. H. Dettoes, Johnsonville. Bronze medal + Corn +Henry Drudge, Clarence. Bronze medal + Buckwheat +J. H. Durkee, Florida. Silver medal + Wheat +F. E. Ebbing, Syracuse. Silver medal + Seeds +Wm. Edminster, Painted Post. Silver medal + Wheat and Oats +Frank H. Emery, Hornellsville. Silver medal + Wheat +G. W. Engdalil, Ellington. Silver medal + Barley and Oats +Frank A. Erwire, Painted Post. Silver medal + Oats +P. E. Eysaman, Hammond. Bronze medal + Corn +James Faucett, Bath. Silver medal + Oats +Henry M. Fisher, Warsaw. Gold medal + Wheat +Frank E. Ford, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Grain +M. C. Frisbee, Ellington. Bronze medal + Barley +M. E. Ferguson, Florida. Silver medal + Wheat and Oats +M. L. Gamble, Groveland. Bronze medal + Beans +John Gerow, Washingtonville. Bronze medal + Corn +M. O. Gilbert, Ellington. Gold medal + Buckwheat +Samuel Green, Florida. Bronze medal + Buckwheat +John E. Griffith, Ellington. Silver medal + Oats +L. P. Gunson & Co., Rochester. Gold medal + Oats +W. H. Haight, Fishkill. Bronze medal + Wheat +W. H. Hall, Bath. Bronze medal + Wheat +G. L. Halstead, Arlington. Bronze medal + Wheat +J. M. Ham, Washington Hollow. Bronze medal + Rye +George Harder, Bath. Bronze medal + Wheat +A. G. Happul, Johnsonville. Bronze medal + Corn +E. P. Harris, Elmira. Gold medal + Beans +Charles Hathaway, Hartford. Bronze medal + Oats +I. C. Hawkins, Middletown. Bronze medal + Corn +Joe Hetzel, Florida. Silver medal + Rye and Corn +J. M. Hewlett, Bath. Bronze medal + Wheat +G. K. Higbie, Rochester. Gold medal + Oats +C. B. Hill, Wellsville. Bronze medal + Oats +Frank N. Holbrook, Charlton. Silver medal + Buckwheat +John Houston, Florida. Bronze medal + Grain +James K. Houston, Goshen. Silver medal + Rye and Oats +J. C. Howard, Irondequoit. Silver medal + Corn and Beans +John S. Howell, Elmira. Bronze medal + Wheat +George W. Humphrey, Warsaw. Bronze medal + Oats +C. L. Jesup, Florida + Corn.--Peachblow, ears + Wheat.--No. 2, Red +Fred Johannes, Filmore. Silver medal + Barley.--Black + Buckwheat.--Gray, Silver Hull + Oats.--Clydesdale +Peter Johnson, Florida + Buckwheat.--Silver Hull, Silver Gray + Corn.--Extra Early Evergreen Sweet +A. N. Jones, LeRoy. Grand Prize + Wheat +John Jones, Meriden. Bronze medal. + Oats.--Pride of England + Wheat.--Farmer's Friend +N. B. Keeney & Son, LeRoy. Gold medal + Beans.--Saddle Back Wax, White Kidney, Dwarf Horticulture, + Bush, Bismarck, Snow Flake Pea, Burpee's New Stringless + Green Pod, Crimson Flageolet, Boston Small Pod, China Red + Eye, Grant's Stringless Green Pod, Red Valentine, Celestial + Wax, Improved Golden Wax, Currie's Rust Proof Wax, Improved + Horticulture, Improved Black Wax, Burlingame's + Medium, Early Mohawk, Davis Wax, Pencil Pod Black Wax, + Golden-Eyed Wax, Golden Refugee, Maule's Butter Wax, + Keeney's Rustless Golden Wax, White Wax, Longfellow Bush, + Round Pod Kidney Wax, Round Pod Refugee, Brittle Wax, + Yosemite Mammoth Wax, Extra Early Refugee, Challenger + Black Wax, Flageolet Wax, Keeney's Stringless Refugee Wax + Peas.--Abundance, Admiral, Advancer, Alaska, Ameer, + American Champion, American Wonder, British Wonder, + Champion of England, Claudit, Duke of Albany, Duke of York, + Ever Bearing, Nott's Excelsior, Extra Early Pedigree, Extra + Early Trial Ground, First and Best, Forcing Suttons, Forty-Fold, + Glory, Gradus or Prosperity, Heroine, Hurst William, + Juno, Prolific Laxtons, Laxton, Thos., Long Island Mammoth, + Market Garden, Horsfords, Marrowfat (Black-Eyed, Early + Marblehead, White), Premium Gem, Pride of the Market, + Profusion, Prolific Early Market, Reliance Hursts, Seedling + Suttons, Senator Improved, Shropshire Hero, Station, Stratagem, + Sugar Mammoth Podded, Surprise Gregorys, Telegraph, + Telephone, Tom Thumb, Yorkshire Hero +C. E. Knapp, Little Britain. Bronze medal + Corn.--White Flint, ears +Frank Lawrence, Ellington. Bronze medal + Barley.--Beardless + Oats.--Siberian +E. D. Lee, Whitesville + Corn.--White Flint, ears +James Livingston, Cobleskill. Silver medal + Flax + Timothy +Charles Lovell, Painted Post. Silver medal + Oats.--English Wonder + Wheat.--Gold Bullion +D. Macbeth, Kanona. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Clawson +Mrs. S. E. Manning, Elmira Heights. Gold medal + Wheat.--Red Russian +Frank Marley, Hornellsville + Corn.--Red Blaze +Charles Martin, Hartford. Silver medal + Beans.--Apple +Fred Martin, Fort Ann + Corn.--King Phillip +Will Martin, Hartford + Oats.--Lincoln +Jacob Marzolf, Clarence Center. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Hundred Mark +E. P. Mattice, Middlebury + Wheat.--Genesee Giant +Harry J. McCann, Elmira. Bronze medal + Corn.--Queen's Golden Pop, Queen's Golden, ears + Pumpkin.--Red Field +James McCann, Elmira. Silver medal + Corn.--Klondike + Buckwheat.--Gray + Rye.--White +John McCann, Elmira. Silver medal + Wheat.--Rochester Red, Clawson, Golden Coin + Corn.--White Cap Yellow Dent, Queen's Golden Pop, ears, + White Pearl Pop, ears + Buckwheat.--Japanese + Clover.--Crimson + Beans.--Red Marrow, Gold Eye + Rye.--Dark + Oats.--Banner +S. J. McChesney, Kanona. Silver medal + Wheat.--White Winter +John McConkie, Galway. Silver medal + Oats.--White Swede, Welcome +E. J. McLean, Troupsburg. Silver medal + Beans.--White Kidney + Barley.--Black + Buckwheat.--Silver Gray, Silver Hull + Corn.--Pop Corn, ears +Stephen Merchant, Burnt Hills. Silver medal + Rye.--White +D. W. Miller, Boonville. Bronze medal + Oats.--Arctic +Romantie Miller, Scottsville. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Longberry Red +George E. Minard, Filmore. Silver medal + Barley.--Black, Beardless, Giant White + Corn.---Yellow Flint, ears +Howard Moore, Cobleskill. Bronze medal + Corn.--Early Sunset Yellow +J. W. Moore, Fishkill Village. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Gold Coin, White Winter + Rye.--White Winter + Corn.--White Dent, ears +Daniel Morris, Groveland. Bronze medal + Wheat.--No. 8 Red Winter +Munger Bros., Warsaw. Silver medal + Barley.--Beardless + Oats.--Golden Prolific +J. Myers, Warnersville. Silver medal + Beans.--Red Kidney +New York State Grange. Butler grand prize banner + Collection of Grains +E. E. Nichols, South Onondaga. Bronze medal + Rye.--Dark + Wheat.--Gold Chaff, Red Winter + Oats.--Swede, Lincoln, White Russian + Peas.--Small Field + Buckwheat.--Japanese + Corn.--Eight-Rowed White Ears, Early Red Cory Sweet, 1900 + Sweet, Monarch Sweet +Will Norton, Hartford. Bronze medal + Barley.--Beardless + Oats.--Lincoln +Oatka Farm, Scottsville. Silver medal + Rye.--Dark + Wheat.--Dawson's Golden Chaff +Hugh Osborne, East Hartford. Bronze medal + Corn.--Atwood, ears +F. R. Payne, White Plains. Silver medal + Beans.--White Marrowfat +Charles Perry, Wyoming. Silver medal + Wheat.--Dawson's Golden Chaff +N. S. Pierson, Painted Post. Silver medal + Rye.--Dark +I. B. Pipe, Prattsburg. Silver medal + Buckwheat.--Silver Hull + Oats.--Twentieth Century +F. C. Platt, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Oats.--Golden +J. P. Platt, Bath. Gold medal + Wheat.--Gold Coin +G. Pollock, East Hartford. Bronze medal + Oats.--Probister +Peter Prechtel, Elmira. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Clawson +Frank Qua, East Hartford + Oats.--Swede, White Star +George R. Qua, Hartford. Gold medal + Rye.--Siberian +G. L. Quick, Rochester Junction. Gold medal + Wheat.--Dawson's Golden Chaff + Oats.--Clydesdale +Anson Reed, Kanona. Silver medal + Beans.--White Kidney, Golden Eyed +James H. Russell, Hopewell Junction. Bronze medal + Corn.--Early Mastodon, ears +H. Brown Richardson, Lowville. Silver medal + Maple Sugar + Maple Syrup +John K. Roe, Florida. Bronze medal + Corn.--Queen's Golden Pop +E. N. Rollins, Andover. Silver medal + Wheat.--Gold Coin +W. H. Roper, Wyoming. Silver medal + Oats.--Siberian + Wheat.--Genesee Giant +M. J. Sahler, Pattan Kunk. Silver medal + Oats.--Twentieth Century, American Improved + Buckwheat.--Japanese +Chas. F. Saul, Syracuse + Seeds + Peas.--Yorkshire Heroes, Everbearing, Telephone, McLean's + Advancers, Extra Early Premium Gem, Duke of York, Juno, + First and Best, McLean's Little Gem, Alaska, Prosperity, Champion + of England, Black-Eyed Marrowfat, American Wonder, + Horsford's Market Garden, Philadelphia Extra Early, Nott's + Excelsior + Beans.--Red Kidney, Large Lima, Long Yellow Six Weeks, + Horticultural, Henderson's Bush Lima, Sofa + Spelt + Rye.--Spring + Clover.--Medium, Mammoth, Crimson, White + Grass.--Orchard + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, Black Mexican + Barley.--Imperial Two-Rowed, Fancy Red Top + Wheat.--Spring + Kentucky Blue Grass + Hemp + Lettuce.--Boston + Onion.--Red Wethersfield + Squash.--Summer Crookneck, Hubbard + Canary Seed + Rape.--Dwarf Essex + Melon.--Rockford + Watermelon.--Ice Cream, Cobb's Gem + Celery + Beet + Carrot + Salsify + Parsnip.--Hollow Crown + Spinach + Radish + Turnip + Cow Peas + Field Pumpkin + Millet.--Japan + Cucumber.--Early Cluster + Kaffir Corn + Timothy +Will Saville, Hartford. Bronze medal + Corn.--White Cap Dent +Sidney Schell, Theresa + Oats.-Mortgage Lifter +I. L. Schofield, Wappingers Falls. Bronze medal + Buckwheat.--Japanese +C. E. Schultz, Florida. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow +R. F. Seeley, Waterloo. Silver medal + Timothy + Rye.--Mammoth White + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow + Wheat.--Jones' Winter Fife, American Bronze + Beans.--Red Kidney + Buckwheat.--Japanese +Chas. J. Settle, Cobleskill + Rye.--White +S. C. Shaver, Albany. Gold medal + Hops.--Albany +A. M. Sleight, Arlington. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears +Fred W. Smith, Scottsville + Oats.--Genesee Valley White +Ward L. Snyder, Carlisle Center. Bronze medal + Oats.--Twentieth Century, Italian +Ed. Stevens, Warsaw. Bronze medal + Buckwheat.--Gray +F. C. Stevens, Attica. Silver medal + Wheat.--Silver Chaff, No. 6 + Rye.--Winter, Dark +Henry Stewart, Kanona. Gold medal + Wheat.--Red Winter + Barley +T. L. Stone, Craig Colony, Sonyea. Silver medal + Corn.-Shakers' Pride, Pride of the North, White Shaker + Wheat.--Red Winter Fife, Red Winter No. 8 + Oats.--Mixed +Stumpp & Walter Co., New York city. Gold medal + Seeds + Corn.--Evergreen Brown, Red Kaffir, White Kaffir, Snow + White Dent, Stowell's Evergreen, Iowa Gold Mine, Yellow + Dent, Improved Longfellow, Southern Horse Tooth, Cory + White Cob, Metropolitan, Yellow Mills Maize + Clover.--White Dutch, Red, Crimson + Millet.--German or Golden, Japanese + Grass.--Italian Rye, Rough Stalked Meadow, Orchard, + Creeping Bent, Shady Place, Permanent Pasture, Rhode Island + Bent, English Rye, Kentucky Blue, Canada Blue, English Cow, + Hungarian + Hard Fescue + Timothy.--Fancy + Recleaned Red Top + Alfalfa + Alsike + Red Fescue + Meadow Fescue + Peas.--Daniel O'Rourke, American Wonder, Black-Eyed + Cow, Canada Field, Telephone, Black-Eyed Marrowfat, Dwarf + Sugar, Blue Beauty, Bliss Everbearing, Juno, Alaska, Nott's + Excelsior, Horseford's Golden, Little Gem, Heroine, First + of All + Beans.--Davis Kidney Wax, Best of All, Improved Golden + Wax, Early Long Yellow Six Weeks, Red Valentine, Dwarf + Horticultural, King of the Garden, Early Refugee, Improved + Black Wax, Early Green Sofa, Velvet, Stringless Green Pod, + Early Mohawk, Refugee or 1000 to 1, Burpee's Bush Lima, + Lazy Wife, Bountiful + Oats.--Clydesdale, Russian, Lincoln + Sun Flower.--Mammoth Russian + Sea Island Cotton + Hemp + Wheat.--Silver Sheaf Winter, Red Winter, Jones' Red + Chief, Saskatchewan + Barley.--Champion Beardless + Rice.--Unhulled + Pumpkin.--Large Cheese, Connecticut Field + Radish.--Early Scarlet Turnip, White-Tipped + Teosinte + Peas.--Sweet + Sorghum.--Early Amber, Early Orange + Spinach.--Roundleaf, Norfolk Savoy, Long Standing, + Verofly + Australian Salt Bush + Rye.--Winter, Dark + Turnip.--Improved Purple Top Rutabaga, Yellowstone + Beet.--Mammoth Long Red Mangel, Champion Yellow + Globe + Parsley.--Double-Curled + Lettuce.--California Cream Butter, Early Curled Simpson + Buckwheat.--Japanese + Field Lupins + Onions.--Wethersfield + Sainfoin + Amber Cane + Salsify.--Sandwich Island +C. O. Taylor, Petrolia. Bronze medal + Oats.--Siberian +Morrison Taylor, Florida. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight Rowed Yellow +J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York city. Grand prize + Field, Garden and Flower Seeds + Bermuda.--Cedar + Radish.--Early Turnip, Early Deep Blood Turnip, Half Long + Delicacy, White Tipped, Non Plus Ultra, Round Scarlet China, + Scarlet Turnip, Scarlet Globe, Olive Shaped Golden Yellow, + Olive Shaped Red Rocket, White Tipped Scarlet, French + Breakfast, Golden Summer, Scarlet Forcing, Winter, White + Winter, White Olive Shaped, Black Spanish, Long White Icicle, + White Tipped Summer White, Tipped Turnip, Long White + Russian, Scarlet Chinese Winter, Woods Early Frame + Lapania Borbonica + Salsify.--Long White French + Yellow Locust + Cabbage.--Cow + Beet.--Mammoth Long Red Mangel Wurzel, Queen of Denmark + Sugar, Columbia, Golden Fleshed Globe Mangel Wurzel, + Golden Tankard Mangel Wurzel, Red Globe Mangel Wurzel, + Turin + Tomato.--Blush Lemon, Aristocrat, Fagmore, Scarlet, Yellow + Plum, Democrat, Thorburn's Novelty, Thorburn's 1903, + Thorburn's Rosalind, Waldorf + Parsley.--Moss Curled + Asparagus + Marigold.--Eldorado + Coffee Tree.--Kentucky + Millet.--Barn Yard, Red Siberian + Watermelon.--Imperial, Iron Clad, Dark Iceing, Triumph, + Hungarian, Van Cluse + Cucumber.--Small Gerkin, White Pearl + Oats.--Silver Mine, Black Tartarian + Squash.--Marblehead, White Chestnut, Canada Crookneck, + Pineapple, Orange Marrow, Red China, Perfect Gem, Butmans, + Pikes Peak, Der Wing, The Faxon, Japan Turban, French + Olive + Silver Maple + Juglans Cardifornus + Celery.--Cooper's Cutting, Thorburn's Fin de Siecle + Sorrel.--Garden + Mignonette + Sun Flower.--Large Russian + Musk Melon.--Pineapple, Golden Gate + Teosinte + Grass.--Ribbed, Red Fescue, Meadow Fescue, Pepper, Hungarian + Curled Chervil + Borage + Pepper.--Sweet Spanish + Caraway + Savory.--Summer + Aera Caespitosa + French Thyme + Wheat.--Premium Red New York, Ruperts Giant, Red + Rover + Poppy.--Double Peony Flowered + Calendula.--Prince of Orange + Koelreuteria Paniculata + Rough Rice + Chicory.--Large Rooted + Lettuce.--Thorburn's Mammoth Black Seeded, Black Seeded + Tennis Ball, Thorburn's Maxumum, Hammersmith's Hardy, + Green + Carrot.--Bellot, Carentan + Anthoxanthum Oderatum + Cherry.--Mahaleb + Coliander + Beech.--American + Crab Apple.--French + Cherry.--Black Mazzard + Leek.--Large Flag Winter + Dill + Juglans.--Sieboldii + Kentia.--Belmoreana + Musk Melon.--Ward's Nectar + Lupins.--Blue, White, Yellow + Turnip.--White Norfolk, Thorburn's Improved Purple Top + Rutabaga + Onion.--Thorburn's Excelsior Pickling + Lavender + Dandelion + Apricot Pits + Endive.--White Curled + Sage + Fagus.--Sylvatica + Lolumi.--Italicum + Kale.--Sea + Canary.--Sicily + Connes Florida + Morning Glory + Holcus Lanatus + Lolucui Perenis.--Thorburn's Selected Dwarf + Prunes.--Serotina + Rhus.--Copallina + Clover.--Sand Crimson, Japan, White, Pea-vine + Spinach.--Winter, Long Standing, Lettuce Leaf, New + Zealand, Summer + Beet.--Swiss, Chard + Ampelopsis Hederacea + Bene + Gourd.--Sugar Trough, Dish Cloth, Mock Orange + Catalpa + Lentils.--Spanish + Buckwheat.--Japanese, American Silver Hull + Butternut + Cypress.--Bald + Rye.--Excelsior Winter + Rice--Wild + Elm.--Common + Spelts + Burnet.--Common Field + Pumpkin.--Tennessee Sweet Potato + Sainfoin + Sera Della + Spring Tares + Fenn Greek + Linden.--American + Tree of Heaven + Kentia.--Fosteriana + Acer Coriaceum + Australian Salt Bush + White Birch + Timothy.--Fancy + Mushroom.--French Spawn + Spurry-Spergula Arvensis + Scotch Broom + Pinus.--Maritima + Candytuft + Festuca Ovina + Alsike.--Clover + Abies.--Nordmanniana + Cynosurus Ciristatus + Alfalfa + Kohl Rabi.--Large White + Acer.--Campestre + Calendula + Mustard.---Broad Leaved + Corylus.--American + Aster + Alopecurus Pralensis + Pinus.--Cembra + Poppy + Nasturtium.--Tall Mixed + Sweet Marjoram + French Pear + Virginian Stock + Pinus.--Pinea + Parsnip.--Hollow Crown + Scorzouena + Acer.--Pseudo-platanus + Bromus Mollis + Cauliflower.--Gilt Edged + Laburnum + Anemone Coronaria + Poa Trivialis + Jute + Almes.--Oregonia + Thea Viridis + Brussells Sprouts + Faximus Excelsior + Calleopsis + Anise + Convolvulus.--Tricolor + Poa Annua + Sweet Fennel + Tulip Tree + Peas.--Stratagem, William Hurst, Prince of Wales, Horseford's + Market Garden, Thorburn's Early Market, Sweet, Blue + Beauty, Dr. McLean's, Alaska, Yorkshire Hero, Telephone, + Premium Gem, Juno, McLean's Advancers, Clay Cow, Queen, + Champion of England, American Wonder, Alpha, Telegraph, + Pride of the Market, Heroine, Duke of Albany, Abundance, + Nott's Excelsior, Gregory's Surprise, Gradus, Everbearing, + Magnum Bonum + Corn.--Leaming, Virginia Horse Tooth, Snow Flake, Early + Yellow Canada, Farmer's Favorite, Compton's Early Flint, + Sanford's White Flint, Angel of Midnight, Hickory King, + White Surprise, Longfellow, Thorburn's White Flint, Mastodon + Dent, Golden Beauty, Stowell's Evergreen Sugar, Potter's + Excelsior Sugar, Country Gentleman Sugar, Early Adams + Sugar, Black Mexican Sugar, Egyptian Sugar, Triumph Sugar, + Minnesota Sugar, Corn Salad, Perry's Hybrid Sweet ears, + Black Mexican Sweet ears, Hickox Sweet ears, Early Minnesota + Sweet ears, Early Crosby Sweet ears, Hickory King ears, + King Phillip ears, Legal Tender ears, White Cap Yellow Dent + ears, Compton's Early ears, Northern White Dent ears, Pride + of the North ears, White Sanford ears + Beans.--Tall July Runners, Vienna Forcer, Sword (Long + Pod) Challenger Lime, Improved Golden Cluster, English + House, Velvet Wardwell Kidney Wax, Scarlet Runner, Kentucky + Wonder, Golden Refugee, White Snowflake, Lightning, + Yellow Sofa, Castor, Early Valentine, Pole, Ne Plus Ultra, + Broad Windsor, Galega, Medium Eyed Sofa, Horticultural, + Dun Colored, Byer's Dwarf, Marvel of Paris, Dwarf Chocolate, + Canadian Wonder, Thornburn's Dwarf Lima, Longfellow Bush, + Longfellow Six Weeks Bush, Early Mohawk Bush, Early China + Bush, Everbearing Bush, Improved Golden Cluster Bush, + Medium Early Green Bush, Round Pod Kidney Wax Bush, + Lazy Wife Pole, Golden-Eyed Wax Bush, Scarlet Runner + (Pole), Emperor of Russia (Pole), Round Six Weeks Bush, + Southern Creeseback Bush, 1,000 to 1 Bush, Black Velentine + Bush, Improved Golden Wax Bush, White Kidney Bush, + White Marrow Bush +Peter S. Tower, Youngstown. Silver medal + Wheat.--Early Arcadian + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears +Miles Townsend, Bath. Silver medal + Wheat.--Longberry Red +Morgan Vail, Stormville. Silver medal + Oats.--White Tartar + Rye.--White Winter + Corn.--White Dent, ears +Vancott Bros., LaGrangeville. Bronze medal + Corn.--Pride of New Jersey, ears +W. H. Dueson, Le Roy. Gold medal + Wheat.--Red Clawson +Walter Van Loon, Bath. Gold medal + Beans.--Marrowfat +Joseph Van Wyck, Arlington. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears +James Vick's Sons, Rochester. Silver medal + Clover.--Crimson + Cane.--Amber + Flax + Corn.--Champion White Pearl Pop, Early Mastodon, Pride of + the North, Kaffir + Pea.--Large White Marrowfat, Small Field + Beans.--Black Butter, White Kidney, Black Wax, Large Marrowfat, + Red Kidney + Barley.--Bulless, Manshung + Oats.--New Banner. + Sun Flower.--White--Beauty, Mammoth Russian +F. L. Wailt, Ellington. Bronze medal + Wheat.--White Winter +Walter Ward, Rochester Junction. Bronze medal + Corn.--Longfellow Yellow, ears +John B. Y. Warner, Scottsville. Silver medal + Barley.--Beardless +Charles Watrous, Warsaw. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Red Clawson + Oats.--Clydesdale, Probester +Mrs. Emogene Watrous, Warsaw. Silver medal + Wheat. +Joseph L. Weed, Ballston Spa. Bronze medal + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, ears, Twelve-Rowed Yellow, + ears, Eight-Rowed Yellow Dent, ears +C. Weiting, Cobleskill. Silver medal + Wheat.--Spring Red +W. H. Wheeler, Florida. Silver medal + Wheat.--Red Winter, Fulcastor +C. W. & C. M. Wilcox, Delhi. Silver medal + Maple Sugar and Syrup +James Wilder, Warsaw. Silver medal + Rye.--White +Charles Willour, Painted Post. Bronze medal + Wheat.--Long Medt +James M. Wisner, Edenville + Corn.--Pedrick Perfect, ears +O. M. Wixon, Elinira. Bronze medal + Wheat.---Clawson + Oats.--Early Scotch +C. S. Wright, Hammond + Corn.--New England Fline, ears +Wyoming County Alms House, Varysburg. Silver medal + Wheat and Oats +A. Young, Bath. Bronze medal + Corn.--White Rice Pop, ears + +_Vegetables_ + +Albany County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Allegany County. Silver medal + Potatoes +C. L. Allen, Sandy Hill. Silver medal + Potatoes +C. W. Becker, Carlisle. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Salzer's Great Sunlight, Salzer's Million Dollar +John Bockeno, Baldwinsville. Bronze medal + Onions.--Yellow Danvers, Prize Taker, Silver King, Southport + Red, Southport White +F. E. Brown, Binghamton. Bronze medal + Onions.--Red Wethersfield, Australian Brown, Yellow + Danvers, Prize Takers, Southport White +Arthur L. Billings, Prattsburg. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Hobson's Choice, Uncle Sam, White Gilial, New + York Wonder, White Banner, Billings' Favorite, Billings' + White Beauty, American Beauty, Billings' Surprise, Early + Gem, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sampson's Best, Vick's Early Perfection, + Beauty Hebron, Excelsior, Golden Nugget, White + Steuben +Fred Coe, Fulton. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Blue Victor, World's Fair Prize, Early Northern, + Early Michigan, Carmen No. 3, Bovee, Quick Crop, Late + Hebron, Potentate, Burpee's Superior, Green Mountain, New + Queen, Gold Coin, Delaware + Beets.--Turnip Blood +James E. Cole, Fulton. Bronze medal + Tomatoes.--Golden Queen, Burpee's Matchless + Squash.--Hubbard +Miss Mabel Churchill, Fulton. Bronze medal + Onions.--White Globe, Yellow Globe, Red Globe, Red + Wethersfield + Beets.--Red Turnip + Potatoes.--White Mammoth +Jessie T. Carrier, Fulton. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Quick Crop, Early Market +Chemung County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Cortland County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Columbia County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Cornell University, Ithaca. Grand prize + Beets.--Lane's Sugar, Crimson Globe, Yellow Table, Sugar, + Detroit Red, Long Red Mangel, Golden Tankard + Radishes.--Summer, Winter + Squash.--Dent Marrow, Yellow Bush Scallop, White Bush + Scallop, Summer Crookneck, Turban, Boston Marrow, Warty + Hubbard, Hubbard, Vegetable Marrow, Ford Hook + Citron. + Corn.--Eight-Rowed Yellow, 90 Day Monarch, Stowell's + Evergreen + Beans.--Lima + Turnips.--Rutabaga, Purple Top Strap Leaf, White Sweet + German, Sweet Russian, White Egg + Pumpkin.--Mammoth Chilian, Negro, Field, Mammoth + Cheese + Carrots.--Long Orange, Short Orange, Ox Heart + Salsify. + Onions.--Burpee's Australian Brown, Mammoth White, + Yellow Danvers, Red, Mills' White Portugal, Red Victoria, + Southport Red Globe, Red Wethersfield, Mills' New White + Queen, Mammoth Red Pompett, Mills' Brown Wonder, Ferr's + Early Red, Southport Yellow Globe, Mills' White Victoria, + Burpee's Early Golden Globe, Yellow Globe Danvers, Yellow + Dutch or Strasburg, Burpee's Cherry Pickle, Extra Early Red, + Michigan Danvers + Kohl Rabi.--Red, White + Parsnips. + Martynia.--Gourds + Celery.--White Plume + Turnips.--Sweet Rutabaga + Squash.--Delicate + Beets.--Early Egyptian, New Queen, Globe Mangel, Red + Mangel, Red Turnip + Squash.--Hubbard + Turnips.--Purple Top Rutabaga, Purple Top, White Rutabaga, + Flat Dutch, Purple Top Strap Leaf + Pumpkin.--Field + Potatoes.--Churchill Seedling, Rose of Erin, Uncle Sam, + Sir Walter Raleigh, Maule's Early, Chase's Early, Pan-American, + Early Fortune, Bliss Triumph, Nevada White, Chautauqua, + Ohio Victor, Burpee's Perfection, Celtic Beauty, Centennial + Blue, Livingston's Banner, Monarch of the West, Early + Janet, Late Rose, Hammond's Early, Blue Christy, Early + North, 20th Century, Maggie Murphy, Early Canada, Pure + Gold, Early Vermont, Early Six Weeks, Eam's Early + Cauliflower. + Swiss Chard. + Salsify. + Okra. + Celery.--Turnip Rooted, White Plume, Parsley + Cabbage.--White Flat, Round White + Leeks. + Beets.--Sugar, Detroit Red, Long Red Mangels + Kohl Rabi.--White + Parsnips. + Carrots.--White Belgian + Onions.--Yellow, White + Radish.--Red Chinese + Squash.--Summer Crookneck, Marrow + Pumpkin.--Red Gold + Corn.--Stowell's Evergreen + Potatoes.--Carmen No. 1, Burbanks + Celery.--Root's + Cabbage.--Danish Bullhead, Surehead, Autumn King + Turnips.--Garton's Pioneer Hybrid, Magnum Bonum + Swedes, Purple Top Cow Horn, White Cow Horn, Golden + Ball, Hartley's Top Rutabaga, Maule's Improved Purple Top, + Aberdeen Yellow, Garton's Monarch Rutabaga, Green Top + Scotch Yellow + Beets.--Golden Tankard, Sugar Beets, Garton's Long Red + Mangel, Norbition Giant Mangels, Half Sugar Mangels, Yellow + Globe Mangels, Chinks Castle Long Red Mangels, Sutton's + Long Red Mangels + Carrots.--James Intermediate, Witshire Giant White, Yellow + Belgium, Scarlet Intermediate, Lobberich's Agricultural + Parsnips.--Hollow Crown +Crossman Bros., Rochester. Grand prize + Beets.--Bassano, Dewings, Egyptian Dark Red, Long Dark + Red Blood, White French Sugar, Yellow Chilian, Swiss Chard + or Silver + Carrots.--Dutch Horn, Oxheart Guerands, Chautenay, Danvers + Half Long, Long Orange, White Belgium, Chicory Large + Rooted + Celeriac.--Smooth Prayer + Celery.--Paris Golden, S. B. + Cabbage.--Red Dutch, Danish Baldhead + Cucumbers.--Peerless White Spine, Hybrid Forcing + Cauliflower.--Snow Ball + Endive.--Broad Leaf Batavian, White Curled + Kohl Rabi.--Early Purple Vienna, Large Late Green + Leeks.--Monstrous Carenton + Mangels.--Mammoth Long Red + Kale.--Simi Dwarf Moss Curled + Onions.--Danvers Globe + Peppers.--Sweet Mountain + Parsnips.--Hollow Crown + Pumpkin.--King of the Mammoth, Mammoth Tours, Small + Sugar + Parsley.--Hamburg Turnip Rooted, Champion Moss Curled + Salsify.--French + Squash.--Summer Crookneck, White Bush, Yellow Bush, + Improved Hubbard American Turban, Louisiana, Mammoth + Golden Crookneck, Ice Cream Pattipan + Turnips.--Purple Top Strap Leaf, Purple Top White Globe, + Golden Ball, Snowball, Cow Horn, White Top Strap Leaf + Water Melons.--Red Seeded Citron +Earl Daniels, Bath. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Great Divide, White Giant, White Flower, Blue + Bell, Victor, Early Minister, Golden Bell, Excelsior +C. W. Dearlove, Prattsburg. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Evert's Early, Rupert's Perfection, Free Silver, + Rupert's Early, Stray Beauty, Rural New Yorker No. 2, + Farmer's Beauty, Maine Rose, Adirondack, Sarvia Red, New + Queen, Pride of the West, Cayuga Chief, Mammoth Pearl, + Early Thoroughbred, Prize Taker, White Beauty, Mills' New + Astonisher, Early Minister, Michigan Russet, Rose Early, Early + Ohio, Earth Northern, English Russet, White Peachblow, Late + Rose, Isle of Jersey, Pride of Jersey, Money Maker, Snow + Drop, Late Prindaes +John DeGraw, Middletown. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Early Northern, Blue Victor +G. M. Durland, Florida. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Early Sunrise +Dutchess County. Silver medal + Potatoes. +A. Empie, Carlisle. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Early White Michigan, Freeman +Leonard Fenton, Standards. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Early Giant +Charles W. Ford & Co., Fishers. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Empire State, Queen +E. C. Foster, Standards. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Blue Victor +Geneva Experiment Station, Geneva. Silver medal + Tomatoes.--Ponderosa, Earliana, Success, Trophy, Royal + Red, Atlantic Prize, Golden Queen, Lester's Prolific, Beauty, + Buckeye, Freedom, New Imperial +G. Gessell, South Lirna. Silver medal + Celery +Burt Giddings, Fulton. Bronze medal + Onions +Glendale Stock Farm, Glens Falls. Grand prize + Squash.--Golden Bronze, Hubbard, Marblehead, Turban, + Boston Marrow, Brazilian Sugar, Pineapple, Mammoth Whale, + Canada Crookneck, Early Golden Bush, Silver Bush, Yellow + Bush Scallop, Fordhook, Early White Scallop Bush, Red + Hubbard, Summer Crookneck, Giant Summer Crookneck, Warty + Hubbard, Red Hubbard, Mammoth, Chilian, Essex Hybrid, + Ford Hook, Cocoanut, White Bush Scallop, New Mammoth + White Bush, English Vegetable Marrow, Mammoth Yellow + Bush, Golden Custard, White Summer Crookneck, White Pineapple, + Early White Bush, Long White Marrow, Des Wing, + Pike's Peak, White Chestnut, Delicate, Bronze, Golden Marrow, + Giant Crookneck, Giant Straightneck, Striped Bush + Beets.--Long Red, Red Globe, Yellow Globe, Table Beet + Flat, Rose Half Sugar, Red Intermediate, Sugar, Long Yellow, + Giant Yellow Intermediate, Half Long Turnip + Mangels.--Wurzel Golden Tankard, Wurzel Mammoth Long + Red, Wurzel Yellow Globe + Cucumbers.--Short Green, Yellow Short, White Long, Improved + Long Green + Leek.--Musselburgh, Large Row + Kohl Rabi.--Early Purple Vienna + Parsnips.--Long White + Carrots.--Long White, Half Short Ox Heart, Long Orange, + Short White + Turnips.--Yellow Rutabaga, Red Top, Globe Shaped, White + Strap-Leafed Flat + Pumpkins.--Cheese, Connecticut Field, Red Etampe, Cushaw, + Green Mountain, Early Sugar, Livingston Pie, Quaker + Pie, Brazilian Sugar, Negro, Tennessee Sweet Potato, Golden + Oblong, Genuine Mammoth, Winter Luxury, King of Mammoth, + Sandwich Island, Salzer's Mammoth, Jonathan, Calhoun, + Tours, Mammoth Globe, Sweet Pie, Golden Oblong, Japan + Crookneck + Tomatoes.--Acme, Canada, Cardinal, Dwarf Champion, + Early Conquerer, Essex Hybrid, General Grant, Jumbo, Livingston's + Beauty, Livingston's Favorite, Livingston's Perfection, + Mikado, New Queen, Optmus, Paragon, Pear-Shaped + Red, Pear-Shaped Yellow, Crimson Cushion, Yellow Cherry, + Red Cherry, Stone Cherry, Combination, Henderson's Ponderosa, + Mammoth Prize, Honor Bright, Burpee's Noble, Long + Keeper, Sutton's Best of All, Ford Hook First, Imperial, + Climax, Queen Table, Autocrat, Beauty, Golden Queen, White + Excelsior, Lemon Bush, Terra Cotta Lorillard, Yellow Peach, + Red Peach, Red Currant, Matchless, Yellow Plum, Red Pear, + Yellow Pear, Trophy, Volunteer + Water Melons.--Black Spanish, Boss, Cuban Queen, Green + and Gold, Kolb's Gem, Mammoth Iron Clad, Mountain Sweet, + Orange, Peerless Ice Cream, Cole, The Jones, Sweetheart, Black + Diamond, Florida's Favorite, Dixie, Seminole, Pride of Georgia, + Black Bolder, Duke Jones, Scarly Bark, Wonderful Sugar, + Phinney's Early + Peppers.--Celestial Cherry, County Fair, Chinese, Long Cayenne, + Long Red, Long Yellow, Ruby King, Sweet Mountain, + Black Unbian, Red Chili, Red Etruce, Elephant, Gold Upright, + Kaliscope, Red Cluster, Orange Rinkle, Bull Nose, Spanish + Montrous, Ox Heart, Red Cherry, Sweet Spanish, Yellow Chili + Cauliflower. + Cabbage.--Early York, Winnestadt, Summer, Jersey Wakefield, + Early Flat Dutch, Fowler's Short Stem, All Seasons, Henderson's + Succession, Stone Mason, Autumn King, Tildegrant, + Late Flat Dutch, Drumhead, Marblehead Mammoth, Nettie + Savoy, Drumhead Savoy, Early Red Erfust, Dwarf Flat Dutch, + Henderson's Early Spring, Selected All Seasons, Charlton + Wakefield, Thorburn's Collosal, Short Stem, Large Red Drumhead, + Red Polish Short Stem + Cucumbers.--Early Russian, Early Cluster, Early Green Prolific, + Early Frame, Early White Spine, Livingston's Evergreen, + Nichols' Medium, Long Green, Japanese Climbing, Cool and + Crisp, White Wonder, Snake, White Pearl, Paris Pickling, + Short Green Gherkins, West India Gherkins, Long Green Turkey, + White Spine Arlington + Brussells Sprouts.--Improved Half Dwarf, Improved Dwarf + German, Improved Long Island, Improved Perfection + Egg Plant.--Improved New York, Early Dwarf Purple, + Long Purple, Round French, Black Pekin, Mammoth Pearl, + Scarlet Chinese, Round White, Long White, Striped White, + Black Snake + Leeks.--Large Flag Winter, Large Rouen Winter, Large + Musselberg, London Summer + Parsnips.--Guerney, Long Smooth, Hollow Crown, Delmonico, + Abbot, Maltese, Student + Salsify.--Long White French, Sandwich Islands, Thick + Rooted + Brussells Sprouts.--Seven Dwarf, Tall, Green, Dwarf Prolific, + Lady Finger, White Velvet, Perkins Mammoth, Sugar + Trough, Dipper, Nest Egg, Spocen + Sage + Thyme + Summer Savory + Dill + Winter Savory + Martynia + Chicory + Carrots.--Ox Heart, St. Valery, Early Scarlet Horn, Half + Long Scarlet, Danvers Half Long; Long Yellow Stump Root, + Long Orange, Short White Vosges, White Belgian, Yellow + Belgian, Danvers, Henderson's New York, Early Forcing + Onions.--Yellow Globe Danvers, Yellow Strasburg, Early + Red, Red Wethersfield, Southport White Globe, Southport Red + Globe, Southport Yellow Globe, Early Cracker, Silver Skin, + Prize Taker, White Victoria Red, Early Barletta, Australian + Brown, White Portugal, Silver Ball, Large Red Globe, Improved + Michigan, Large White Globe, Giant Roco, Burpee's, + Gibralter, Queen, Ohio Yellow Globe + Beets.--Columbia, Dark Stinson, Early Blood Turnip, Egyptian, + Improved Arlington, Dewing's Improved Blood, Half + Long Blood, Lentz, Crimson Globe, Eclipse, Crosby's Egyptian, + Edmunds' Early Blood, Long Smith Blood Red, Bastian Half + Long Blood, Early Yellow Long, Early Bassano, Arlington's + Favorite, Electric, Detroit Dark Red, Jumbo, White Sugar + Rose Top, Lane's Improved, Vilmooric Improved, White Sugar + Green Top, Long Red Mangel Wurzel, Long Yellow Mangel + Wurzel, Giant Yellow Mangel Wurzel, Golden Tankard Wurzel, + Red Globe Wurzel, Yellow Globe Wurzel, Yellow Ovoid Wurzel, + Half Long Red Wurzel, Golden Flesh Globe Wurzel + Turnips.--Rutabaga, Golden Ball, Cow Horn, White Egg, + Yellow Stone, Yellow Globe, Red Top Strap Leaf + Celeric + Earth Almonds + String Beans + Potatoes.--Dewey, Early Sunrise, Grate, Freeman, Carmen + No. 1, Telephone, Early Rose, Delaware, White Mountain, + Stray Beauty, Snow Flake, Irish Queen, White Star, Burbank, + American Giant, White Elephant, Peerless, Blue Victor, Maine + Rose, Monroe Seedling, Sir Walter Raleigh, White Hebron, + Great Dixie, American Wonder, Lightning Express, Bovee, + Dexter, Clark No. 1, Pat's First Choice, Carmen No. 3, Early + Ohio, State of Maine, Early Vermont, Uncle Sam, Money + Maker, Late Rose, Empire State, Rose of Erin, Victor Rose, + Everett, Early Six Weeks, Howell, Free Silver, Sunrise, Red + Wonder, Early Market, Early Strawberry, Eureka, New Ideal, + Thorburn's Late Puritan, Hampton Beauty, Maule's Early + Thoroughbred, Glendale Seedling, White Lily, Early Chicago + Market, Gem of Bristol, Pan American, Early Ball, Early Harvest, + Hebron Beauty, Early Ohio, Jr., Early Northern, Kospangue, + Green Mountain, Great Divide, New Queen, St. Joseph, + Signal, Chinese Yams, Rural New Yorker, White Rose, Jersey + Red Sweet, Yellow Jersey, Lady Finger, Early Russett, Blue + Mercury, Early York, Bliss Triumph, Early Puritan + Lettuce.--Tennis Ball, Self Folding, Golden Queen, Big + Boston, Black-Seed Simpson, New York, Boston, Curled, Iceberg, + Silver Ball, Hanson, White Heart, Paris White Coe + Endive.--Green Curled, Moss Curled, White Curled, Broad + Leafed +Bert Groummore, Minetto. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Carmen No. 2 +Herkimer County. Silver medal + Potatoes +George K. Higbie & Co., Rochester. Gold medal + Potatoes +C.N. Holley, Glens Falls. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Early Thorburn, Early Hebron, Bovee, Rural + New Yorker No. 2, Early Norther, Carmen No. 1, Cream + Howell, Uncle Sam, Krine's Lightning, The Queen, Early + Fortune, Sweet Home, Pearl of Savory, Yellow Elephant, + White Elephant, Chicago Market, Green Mountain, Early + Whiton, Early Roberts, Dakota Red, Great American, Dewey's + Early, Potentate, Depew, Downing, Early Market, Rural New + Yorker No. 2, Pat's Choice, Early Norther, Clark's No. I, Blue + Centennial, Early Seedling, Burpee's Extra Early, Mammoth + Pearl, Early Sunrise, Irish Cobler, Early Six Weeks, Early + Ohio, Early Rochester, Henderson's Bovee +J. C. Howard, Irondequoit + Squash.--Summer Crookneck + Citron +W.W. Hull, Middletown. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Seedless, Queen of the Highway +Jefferson County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Daniel Johnson, Lisle. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Carmen No. I, Bliss Triumph, Rural New Yorker No. 2, + Early Puritan, State of Maine, Bovee, Queen, Quick Crop +S. L. Johnson, Lisle. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Sir Walter Raleigh, Rural New Yorker No. 2, Early + Fortune, Early Puritan, Early Maine, Admiral Dewey, Lee's + Favorite, Quick Crop, Uncle Sam, Early York, Banner, Green + Mountain, White Giant, King of Michigan +M. L. Klock, Bath. Gold medal + Potatoes.--Celtic Beauty, Red Star, Ontario, Great Dundee, + Mills' New Astonisher, Carmen No. 3, New Ideal, Rupert's + Perfection, German Queen, Snow Flake, White Gilial, White + Mountain, New Queen, Mohawk Valley, Twilight, White Peachblow, + Cayuga Chief, Bliss Triumph, Early Hebron, Early Six Weeks, + Burpee's Early, Hammond's Up-to-Date, Golden Bell, Early + Chicago Market, Early Ohio, White Hebron, Rose White, + White Wax, Maine Rose, Farmer's Daughter, Isle of Jersey, + Housewife Favorite, Queen of the Valley, Early Crusader, Great + Steuben +W. S. Kisker, Summit + Potatoes.--Vick's Champion, Sir Walter Raleigh No. 1 +Mrs. C. A. Knapp, Goshen + Potatoes.--Rural New Yorker +Lewis County. Silver medal + Potatoes +O. M. Lincoln, Newark. Gold medal + Potatoes.--Bliss Triumph, Irish Cobler, Rural New Yorker, Bill Nye, + Early Potentate, Strange Beauty, Blue Victor, Early Norther, White + Giant, Early Ohio, Early Fortune, Early Sunrise, World's Fair + Premium, Negro, June Eating, Quick Crop, White Russet, White + Beauty, Sir Walter Raleigh, Bovee, Star, Early Puritan, Early + Harvest, Early Albino, Maggie Murphy, Everetts, Dandy, Albino, + Carmen No. 1 & 2, World's Fair, Great Divide, Early Market, Early + Maine, Freeman, American Wonder, Pingree, Empire State, + Rochester Rose, State of Maine, Beauty of Hebron, Monroe Seedling, + Thorburn, New Queen +P. R. Loder, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Abundance, Burpee's Extra Early, Early White + Sunrise, Polaris Early, Gold Coin, Rural New Yorker, Early + Rose, Late Rose, Late White, Cyclone, White Napoleon, Potentate, + Early Puritan +Prescott E. Maine, Canastota. Silver medal + Mangel.--Long Red, Golden Tankard + Beets.--Sugar + Squash.--Red Hubbard, Yellow Bush Scallop, Winter Crookneck, + Mammoth Chilian + Pumpkin.--Early Sugar, Negro + Cucumber.--Long White +W. H. Manning, Elm Valley. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Tuscarora, Mortgage Lifter +G. W. Manning, Elm Valley + Potatoes.--Mortgage Lifter +Asa Mapes, Howells. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Green Mountain +E. N. Marsh, Fredonia. Gold medal + Potatoes.--Uncle Sam, Lincoln, White Rose, Mortgage + Lifter, Ohio Junior, Early Sunrise, Sir Walter Raleigh, Early + Burpee, Eureka, May Queen, Isle of Wight, Early Bovee, Great + Divide, Acme, Early King, Astonisher, Early Minnesota, Polaris, + Rochester Rose, Six Weeks, Ohio, Million Dollar Mark + Hanna, Rural New Yorker, Mills' Prize, Express, Honeoye + Rose, Salzer's Earliest, Early Rochester + Onions + Squash + Gourd + Kohl Rabi +C. H. Mason, Cortland. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Clark's Seedling, Pride of Castle Dorn +A. A. Mitchell, Palmyra. Silver medal + Potatoes.--White Peachblow, Empire State, American Wonder, + New Queen, World's Fair, Stray Beauty, Bliss Triumph, + White Star, Sir Walter Raleigh, Early Ohio, Rupert's Perfection, + White Russet, Rural New Yorker, Early Northern, Early + Bovee, Early Hebron, Negro, Carmen Nos. 1, 2, 3, Irish + Cobler, Wilson's First Choice, Honeove Rose, White Giant, + Bill Nye, Rural New Yorker No. 2, State of Maine, Monroe + Seedling, Burpee's Extra Early, Blue Victor, Dunkirk Seedling, + Early Sunrise, Beauty of Hebron, Rochester Rose, Early + Potentate, Pink Eye, Queen of the Valley, Early Rose +Monroe County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Montgomery County. Silver medal + Potatoes +A. J. Moore, Beaver Dam. Silver medal + Potatoes.--American Wonder, Epitomes, Pride of Jersey, + Mohawk Valley, Pan American, Rural New Yorker No. a, Mr. + Dooley, Adirondack, Bovee, White Hebron, Early Puritan, + Clark's Nonesuch, Prize Taker, Michigan Russet, Early Sunrise +James D. McCann, Elmira. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--American Giants +W. A. McCoduck, Sandy Hill. Silver medal + Onions +New York State Exhibit of Vegetables. Grand prize +Onondaga County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Ontario County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Orange County. Silver medal + Onions +Otsego County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Fred B. Paine, South Granby. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Vermont Gold Coin, Carmen No. 3, Sir Walter + Raleigh, Stray Beauty, Green Mountain, Rural New Yorker + No. 2 +A. J. Reed, Bath + Beets +R. F. Russell, Westtown. + Potatoes.--Queen of the Valley +M. J. Sahler, Pattaukunk + Potatoes.--Ouick Crop, Early Dew Drop +Saratoga County. Bronze medal + Potatoes +W. H. Saunders, South Lima. Silver medal + Celery +Schenectady County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Schoharie County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Schuyler County. Silver medal + Potatoes +George Scott, Bath. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Rose White, Early Doe, Early Hero, Early Wheeler +Chas. J. Settle, Cobleskill. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Burbank, Sir Walter Raleigh, Money Makers, + Carmen No. 1 +Frank Shear, Standards + Potatoes.--Endurance +W. C. Skiff, Davenport Center. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Early Ohio, White Star, Early Puritan, Stray + Beauty, Blue Victor, June Eating, Rock Rose, Early Sunrise, + Everett, Calvert, White Peachblow, Carmen No. 1, White + Beauty, Dandy, Early Harvest, Empire State, Early Market, + New Queen, Bovee, Pingree, Bliss Triumph, Quick Crop, Sir + Walter Raleigh, Beauty of Hebron, American Wonder, White + Giant, Great Divide, Maggie Murphy +Chas. Slocum, Freetown Corners. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Polarus +C. C. Smith, Bath + Carrots + Mangels +Jay W. Smith, Fulton. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Vermont Gold Coin, Eureka, Potentate, Burpee's + Extra Early, Early Northern, Irish Cobler +Steuben County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Steuben Nature Study Workers, Bath + Potatoes.--Cambridge Russet, Clark's No. 1, Allen's No. 1, + Beauty of Hebron, King of the Roses, Clark's Nonesuch, + Celtic Beauty, Salzer's Peachblow, Maggie Murphy, Blue Victor, + Clark's Early, Abundance, Earlv Sunrise, Cream of the + Field, American Beauty, Blue Bell, Rose No. 9, Cuban Giant, + White Peachblow, Giant White, Pan American, World's Fair, + Peachblow, Carmen No. 3, Hammond's Up-to-Date, Commercial, + Wilson's First Choice, American Beauty Early, Cavuga + Chief, White Flower, Vick's Favorite, Charles Downing, Rose + Invincible, American Wonder White Star, Vick's Extra + Early, Free Silver, Burpee's Empire State, John Bull, Samson's + Best, Early Hebron, The Epitomist, Blue Bell, Vick's + Harvest, Pride of the West, Uncle Sam, Twilight, Great Divide, + Troy Seedling, Vick's Early Perfection, Twentieth Century, + Snow Drop, Snow Flake, Rural New Yorker No. 2, + St. Patrick, Salzer's Earliest, Rupert's Perfection, Adirondack, + Rural New Yorker No. 1, Prize Taker, Early Wheeler, Washington, + Klondike, Sir Walter Raleigh, Rose Clay, Bliss Triumph, + The Tramp, Ted Roosevelt, Great Steuben, Trumbull, + Hammond's New Wonder, Rusty Coat, Oom Paul, Pride of + America, Purple Pole, Rupert's Early, Blue Mercer, Early + Six Weeks, Early Rose Improved, German Queen, Jersey Red, + American Beauty Late, Jersey Peachblow, Early Michigan, + Early Cuban Giant, Cobler, Beauty of Rochester, Rose Yo. 9; + Bovee Earlv, Mammoth Pearl, White Mountain, Monroe Seedling, + Rose Beauty, Early Harvest, Early Maine, Mills New + Astonisher, Early Minister, Maine Hebron, White Banner, + Golden Bell, Green Mountain, Mortgage Lifter, Mohawk Valley, + German Otteen, Early Pingree, State of Maine, White + Mammoth, Clark's Early, Columbia, Carmen No. 1, Early + Gem, Dakota Red, Irish Daisy, Irish Russet, Lee's Favorite, + Late Puritan, Early Norther, Stray Beauty, Rose Honeoye, + Radical Seedling, Early Hero, Earlv Snow Ball, White Wax, + Enormous, Rural Blush, Dewey, Housewife's Favorite, No + Equal, Real Star, Mills' Prize, Money Maker, Early Pride, + Rupert's Early, Early Crusader, Early Ohio, Early Chicago + Market, Early Puritan, English Russet, Early Thoroughbred, + Golden Nugget, Early Doe, Hammond's Pride of Briton, Early + Vermont, Michigan Russet, New Jersey, Long Keeper, Livingston's + Banner, Queen of the Valley, Early Gem, Summerset, + Himalaya, New Queen, Isle of Jersev, Pride of Jersey, Early + Freeman, Early Beauty, White Gilial, Early Fortune + Onions.--White Flat, Yellow Flat, Red Flat, White Round, + Round Red + Turnips.--Purple Top Strap Leaf, Purple Top Rutabaga, + White Strap Leaf + Squash.--Hubbard, White Bush Scallop, Summer Crookneck + Pumpkin.--Red Field, Negro + Cabbage.--Flat Dutch, Drumhead + Cucumbers.--Short Green + Radish.--White Winter + Parsnips.--Long + Beets.--Table Round, Table Long, Yellow Mangels + Carrots.--Half Long Orange, Long Orange +St. Lawrence County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Sunnyside Farm, Starkey. Gold medal + Onions.--Philadelphia Silver Skin, Giant Rocco, Large Yellow + Globe, Large White Globe, Large Red Globe, Prize Taker, + Austrian Brown, Red Weathersfield, White Pearl + Beets.--Lang's Improved Imperial Sugar, Golden Tankard, + Detroit Dark Red, Burpee's Improved Blood, Brundage Red + Sugar, Brundage Yellow Sugar, Orange Globe, Improved + Wanglebee, Crimson Globe + Carrots.--Danver's Half Long, White Belgium, Ox Heart + Radish.--Round Black Spanish Winter + Gourds.--Common, Ornamental Pomegranate + Turnips.--White Neckless, Purple Top Strap Leaf, Burpee's + Breadstone + Squash.--Large Crookneck, Mammoth White Bush Scallop + Parsnips.--Hollow Crown + Salsify.--Mammoth Sandwich Island + Musk Melons.--Banana + Cucumbers.--White Wonder, Ford Hook Pickling, Ivory + Monarch, Cool and Crisp, Early Russian, Lemon, Wild, West + Indies + Tomatoes.--Enornous Vine Peaches, Golden Queen, + Matchless, Peach, Yellow Pear, Yellow and Red Cherry + Potatoes.--Early Ohio, Twilight, Irish Queen, Tuscarora, + Crown Jewel, State of Maine, Livingston, Belle, White Giant, + Early Fortune, Vermont Gold Coin, Jersey Peachblow, Mr. + Dooley, Monroe Prize, Maine Pearl, Centennial, New Queen, + White Chili, Garlick, Late Star, Hundred Fold, King's Excelsior, + Carmen No. 3, St. Patrick, Pride of the East, Salzer's + Beauty, White Peachblow, Seneca Beauty, Baltimore, Old + Hemlock, Pan American, Allen's No. 1, Lake Erie, Republican, + Golden Bell, Trumbull, White Michigan, Mullolly, Burpee's + Extra Early, Rutland Rose, Lady Finger, Early Triumph, Irish + Cups, Free Silver, Woodhull Seedling, Lincoln, Wall's Maggie + Murphy, Harvest Queen, Dermore, Table King, Eureka, + Commercial, Durand Seedling, Northern Spy, Jumbo Charley, + Queen Victoria, Irish Daisy, Pure Gold, Webster Rose, Charles + Oak, Summerset, June Eating, Ford's Late White, Empire + State, Signal, Washington, Green Mountain, Vick's Armstrong, + Early Freeman, Valley Queen, Red Star, Twentieth + Century, New Wonder, Snow Flake, Garfield, Isle of Jersey, + California, Million Dollar, Crandall, Limbo, White Elephant, + Bermuda, Overton No. g, Rural New Yorker No. 2, Derlove + No. 7, Farmer's Beauty, Allis' Seedling, Vick's Late White, + Peachblow Seedling, Belle of Nelson, New Jersey, Irish Cobler, + Vick's Baker, White Star, Stray Beauty, White Hebron, Cuban + Orange, Pullman Seedling, Dakota Red, American Beauty, + Red Chili, Drake's Bermuda, Home Comfort, World's Fair, + Strong Pride, Early Wonder, Rhode Island Peachblow, June + Holton, Roscow, Narragansett Red, Beaulah's North Star, + Fultz. Seedling, Irish Russet, Oepheart, Cow Horn, Monever + Pride, Irish Gray, Burpee's Early, Enormous, Red Astrican, + Prolific, Jr., White Whipper, Salina Red, Old Peachblow +Alfred Sweet, Glens Falls. Silver medal + Potatoes.--North Star, Sir Walter Raleigh, Green Mountain, + Early Ruby, Potentate, Early Rose, Aristoke Rose, Early Puritan, + Weiss Rose, Sir Walter Raleigh, Early Ohio, Livingston + Banner, Poodle, Rose of Erin, Early Vermont, Irish Cobler, + Mortgage Lifter, Early York, Cuba Orange, American Giant, + Burbank, Snow Flake, White Mountain, Early Rose, Carmen + No. 1, Early Sunrise, Delaware, Yellow Jersey, Jersey Red, + Irish Queen, Stray Beauty, White Elephant, Telephone, Freeman, + Dewey, Money Maker, White Star +Morrison Taylor, Florida. Bronze medal + Potatoes.--Green Mountain +J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York City. Grand prize + Potatoes--Hewe's Early, Early Whiton, Green Mountain, + Great American, White Elephant, Yellow, Dakota Red, Early + Robert, Pearl of Savoy, Sweet Home, Chicago Market, Early + Fortune, Carmen No. 1, Early Norther, Early Queen, The + Queen, Rural New Yorker No. 2, Bovee, Krine's Lightning, + Uncle Sam, Early Hebron, Crown Jewel, Early Thorburn, + Early Rose, Carmen No. 3, Bliss Triumph, Gold Coin + Sweet Corn.--Country Gentleman, Black Mexican, Striped + Evergreen, White Evergreen, Stowell's Evergreen + Sweet Potatoes.--Harrison's Seedling, Jersey Red, Pierson's + Yellow Jersey, Vineland Bush + Carrots.--Early Scarlet Horn, Guerandes, Half Long + Pointed, Half Long Stump Rooted, Nautes, Chautenay, Bellot, + Early Forcing, Early Round Parisian, White Vosges, St. Valery, + Short White, Long White, Luc, Half Long Danvers, Long + Orange + Beets.--Giant Yellow Intermediate Mangel, Red Globe + Tankard Mangel, Golden Tankard Mangel, Yellow Tankard + Mangel, Queen of Denmark Mangel, Long Yellow Mangel, + Mammoth Long Red Mangel, Green Top Mangel; Rose Top + Mangel, Yellow Ovoid Mangel, Yellow Globe Mangel, Electric, + Crimson Globe, Dewing Early, Detroit, Early Blood Turnip, + Crosby's Egyptian, Half Long Blood, Bassano, Bastian, Long + Smooth Blood + Squash.--Early Golden Scallop Bush, Mammoth Chilian, + Eauphine, Hubbard, Golden Warted, Warren, Boston Marrow, + Bay State, Marrow, Turban, Mammoth Whale, Brazilian, + Vegetable, Cocozell Bush, Canada Crookneck, Winter, White + Custard, Yellow Custard, Cocoanut, Green Streaked Bush, + Long Island White Bush, Early White Scallop, Giant Summer + Crookneck, Giant Summer Straightneck, Delicate, Golden + Hubbard, Ford Hook, Vegetable Marrow, Yellow Oblong, + Pineapple + Onions.--Prize Taker, Golden Globe, Small Yellow Globe, + Red Gargeniis, Roquette + Parsley.--Extra Curled, Moss, Fern Leaf, Beauty of the Pasture, + Hamburg + Pumpkin.--Cheese, Connecticut Field, Red Estanples, + Negro, Cushaw, Jonathan, Calhoun, Small Sugar + Peppers.--Long Red Cayenne, Squash, Sweet Golden, Red + Harold, Golden Queen, Ruby King, Sweet Mountain, Chinese + Giant, Sweet Italian, Sweet Spanish, Neapolitan, Red Pointed + Celebrese, Long Bell, Procople Giant, Ox Heart, Elephant's + Trunk, Yellow Cherry, Celestial, Red Chili, Red Cherry, Red + Chester, Long Black Mexican, Matchless, Honor Bright + Kohl Rabi.--Purple Vienna, White Vienna + Cauliflower + Egg Plant.-New York Improved, Black Snake, Long + Purple, Long White, Round White, Mammoth Pearl, Scarlet + Chinese + Gourd.--Striped Pear, Orange, Egg, Sugar Trough, Dipper, + Hercules Club + Radishes.--Round Black Spanish, Half Long Black Spanish, + Long Black Spanish, White Winter Spanish, Celestial, + White Mammoth, Scarlet Chinese + Chicory + Salsify + Burnet + Okra.--Long Green, White Velvet Pod, Dwarf Green Improved, + Green Prolific + Martynia +Tioga County. Silver medal, + Potatoes +Tompkins County. Grand prize + Vegetables +Walter Van Loon, Bath + Beets +W. P. Vanscoter, Bath + Onions + Parsnips + Salsify +H. S. Vermilyea, Chelsea. Silver medal + Potatoes.--Thorburn, Money Maker, Sir Walter Raleigh, + New Queen, Carmen No. I, Acme, Bovee, Irish Cobler, Carmen + No. 3, White Star +Warren County. Grand prize + Vegetables +Washington County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Wayne County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Westchester County. Silver medal + Potatoes +Charles Wheelhouse, Fulton. Bronze medal + Beets.--Detroit Red Blood + Onions.--Red Wethersfield, Yellow Danvers +D. M. White, Bath + Carrots + Mangels +------ Wrenwick, Wellsville + Potatoes.--Elephant +A. Young, Bath + Onions + + + +GROUPS EIGHTY-FIVE, NINETY-ONE AND NINETY-TWO + +_Animal Food Products, Waters, Wines, etc._ + +John Abd-et-nour, New York city. Silver medal + Silk worms and cocoons +J. A. Anderson, Mooers Forks. Silver medal + Butter +Barson & Co., A. S., 40 West street, New York city. Gold medal + Cigarettes +J. W. Beardsley's Sons, New York city. Gold medal + Bacon, dried and smoked beef, shredded codfish and star boneless + herring put up in glass and tin +Sarah Drowne Belcher, M. D., New York city. Bronze medal + Book on clean milk +Borden's Condensed Milk, New York city. Gold medal + Condensed milk +John Brand & Co., Packers, Elmira. Gold medal + Leaf tobacco +Breesport Water Co., Elmira. Silver medal + Carbonated table water +Brotherhood Wine Co., New York city. Grand prize + Wines and champagnes +A. C. Brown, Cincinnatus. Silver medal + Butter +Natural Mineral Water Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Congress Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Curtice Brothers. Rochester. Gold medal + Canned fruits, vegetables, meats and catsups in glass and tin +Dedrick & Son, P. K., Albany. Grand prize + Hay presses +F. De Garmo, Rochester. Gold medal + Tobacco +Jonas Dillenback, Cobleskill. Silver medal + Pressed hops +Duffy's Malt Whiskey Co., Rochester. Gold medal + Whiskies +J. H. Durkee, Collaborator, New York State Exhibit. Gold medal + Collectively and installation specialty +Henry Eibert, Thorn Hill. Silver medal + Butter +Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo. Gold medal + Canned fruit and vegetables in tin and glass +Excelsior Springs Co., Saratoga. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +France Milling Co., Cobleskill. Gold medal + Buckwheat flour +Germania Wine Cellars, Hammondsport. Gold medal + Champagnes +Gleason Grape Juice Co., Fredonia. Silver medal + Grape juice +Gordon & Dilworth, New York city. Gold medal + Canned fruits, meats and catsups in glass and tin +Emit Greiner, 78 John street, New York city. Silver medal + Dairy glass ware +Hammondsport Wine Co., Hammondsport. Bronze medal + Wines and champagnes +High Rock Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Irondequoit Wine Co., Rochester. Bronze medal + Wines and champagnes +Lincoln Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +New York State. Grand prize + Exhibit of canned goods, meats, preserves +New York State Exhibit. Gold medal + Cheese +New York State Exhibit. Gold medal + Butter +Paterson's Mineral Springs, Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Quevic Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +------ Randall. Silver medal + Grape juice +H. Brown Richardson, Lowville. Gold medal + Maple sugar and syrup +Ripin Wine Co., New York city. Silver medal + Champagne +T. F. Rutherford, Madrid. Silver medal + Butter +Saratoga Seltzer Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Saratoga Vichy Water Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +Stachalberg & Co., A. M., New York city. Gold medal + Cigars +Star Spring Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +The Genesee Pure Food Co., Le Roy. Gold medal + Jello +The Natural Mineral Water Co., Saratoga Springs. Gold medal + Carbonated table water +United Cigar Manufacturing Co., New York city. Grand prize + Cigars +Urbana Wine Co., Urbana. Gold medal + Wines and champagnes +S. E. Van Horn, Durham. Silver medal + Butter +C. A. Weatherly & Co., Milford. Bronze medal + Cheese +J. O. Weeks, New York city. Silver medal + Ice cream powder +Welch Grape Juice Co., Westfield. Silver medal + Grape juice +White Top Champagne Co., Hammondsport. Gold medal + Champagne +Worcester Salt Co., New York city. Gold medal + Table and dairy salt + +_The following is a catalogue of exhibitors in the Department of Live +Stock with the awards, if any, received by each_ + +GROUP NINETY-EIGHT + +_Cattle_ + +AYRSHIRES--SEVEN HERDS COMPETING + +W. P. Schenck, Avon + Bull, 3 years old or over. Fifth premium, $30. + Bull, 1 vear and under 2 years. First premium, $50. + Cow, 3 years old or over. Fifth premium, $30. + Heifer, 2 years and under 4. Third and fourth premiums, + $90. + Heifer, 1 year and under 2. Third premium, $30. + Get of one sire. Second premium, $65. + Produce of one cow. Second and fifth premiums, $105. + Aged herd. Fourth premium, $65. + Young herd. Third premium, $55. + Aged herd, bred by exhibitor. Second premium, $100. + Young herd, bred by exhibitor. Third premium, $55. + +BROWN SWISS--SEVEN HERDS COMPETING + +F. R. Hazzard, Syracuse + Bull, 3 years old or over. First and fifth premiums, $70. + Bull, 2 years and under 3. First premium, $50. + Bull, 18 months and under 2 years. Second and fifth + premiums, $60. + Bull, 12 months and under I8. First and third premiums, $60. + Bull under 6 months. Second and fourth premiums, $50. + Cow, 3 years old or over. First and third premiums, $80. + Heifer, 2 years old and under 3. Second premium, $40. + Heifer, 18 months and under 24. First and third premiums, $80. + Heifer, 12 months and under 18. Third premium, $25. + Heifer, 6 months and under 12. Second and fifth premiums, $45. + Heifer, under 6 months. Third and fifth premiums, $40. + Get of one sire. First premium, $50. + Produce of one cow. Second and third premiums, $75. + Aged herd. First premium, $75. + Young herd. Third premium, $35. + Herd bred by exhibitor. Third premium. + Champion bull, 2 years old or over. $80. + Champion cow, 2 years old or over. $80. + Grand champion bull. $125. + Grand champion cow. $125. +McLaury Bros. & Freemeyer, Portlandville + Bull, 3 years old or over. Fourth premium, $25. + Bull, 2 years and under 3. Fifth premium, $40. + Bull, 18 months and under 2 years. First premium, $50. + Bull, 6 months and under 12. First premium, $35. + Bull under 6 months. First premium, $35. + Cow, 3 years old or over. Second and fifth premiums, + $60. + Heifer, 2 years old and under 3. First premium, $50. + Heifer, 12 months and under IS. Fourth premium, $20. + Heifer, 6 months and under 12. First premium, $35. + Get of one sire. Second premium, $40. + Produce of one cow. First and fourth premiums, $75. + Aged herd. Third premium, $60. + Young herd. First premium, $50. + Herd bred by exhibitor. $200. + Champion bull under 2 years old. $60. + Champion cow under 2 years old. $60. + +JERSEYS--TEN HERDS COMPETING + +McLaury Bros. & Freemeyer, Portlandville + Bull, 2 years old and under 3. Third premium, $50. + Cow, 3 years old and over. Fifth premium, $30. + Heifer, 2 years old and under 3. Fourth premium, $40. + +KERRYS--ONE HERD COMPETING + +G. M. Carnochan, New York city + One prize for herd + +SCOTCH HIGHLANDS--ONE HERD COMPETING + +Warner M. Van Worden, Rye + One prize for herd + +GUERNSEYS--SEVEN HERDS COMPETING + +C. C. Taylor, Lawton Station + Bull, 3 years old and over. First premium, $75. + Bull, 2 years old and under 3. Fifth premium, $30. + Bull, 1 year and under 2. Second premium, $40. + Bull under 1 year. Second premium, $40. + Heifer, 2 and under 3 years. Fourth premium, $40. + Heifer, 1 and under 2 years. Third premium, $30. + Heifer under 1 year. Third and fifth premiums, $50. + Get of one sire. Second premium, $65. + Produce of one cow. Fifth premium, $40. + Aged herd. Second premium, $100. + Young herd. First premium, $75. + Aged herd, bred by exhibitor. Second premium, $100. + Young herd, bred by exhibitor. First premium, $100. +F. B. Buckley, Schaghticoke + Cow, 3 years old or over. Fifth premium, $30. + Heifer, 1 and under 2 years. Fourth and fifth premiums, $45. + Get of one sire. Third premium, $55. + Produce of one cow. Fourth premium, $45. + Aged herd. Fourth premium, $65. + Young herd. Fifth premium, $40. + Young herd, bred by exhibitor. Fifth premium, $40. + +GROUP NINETY-NINE + +_Sheep_ + +SHROPSHIRES + +SEVEN FLOCKS COMPETING--TWO FROM NEW YORK + +L. D. Rumsey, Lewiston + Ram, 2 years old or over. Fifth prize, $20. + Ram, 12 months and under 16. Fourth prize, $30. + Ram, 6 months and under 12. Fifth prize, $15. + Ewe, 2 years old and over. First and fourth prizes, $80. + Ewe, 12 months and under 18. Second prize, $45. + Champion ewe, 1 year old or over. First prize, $80. + Grand champion ewe. First prize, $100. + Four animals, get of one sire. First prize, $60. + Two animals, produce of one ewe. First prize, $40. + Aged flock. Fourth prize, $25. + Young flock. Second prize, $40. +H. L. Wardwell, New York city + Ram, 12 months and under 18. Fifth prize, $20. + Ram, 6 months and under 12. First prize, $35. + Ram under 6 months. Second prize, $30. + Ewe, 2 years old and over. Second prize, $45. + Ewe, 12 months and under 18. Fourth prize, $30. + Ewe, 6 months and under 12. Fifth prize, $15. + Ewe under 6 months. Second and fourth prizes, $50. + Champion ram under 1 year old. First prize, $50. + Four animals, get of one sire. Second prize, $50. + Two animals, produce of one ewe. Fourth prize, $20. + Aged flock. Third prize, $30. + Young flock. Third prize, $25. +CHEVIOTS +EIGHT FLOCKS COMPETING--ONE FROM NEW YORK +William Curry & Son, Hartwick + Ram, 2 years old or over. Second prize, $30. + Ram, 18 months and under 24. First prize, $35. + Ram, 12 months and under 18. Second prize, $30. + Ewe, 2 years old or over. First prize, $35. + Ewe, 18 months and under 24. Third prize, $25. + Ewe, 12 months and under 18. Fourth prize, $20. + Ewe, 6 months and under 12. Third prize, $15. + Champion ewe, 1 year old or over. First prize, $60. + Grand champion ewe. First prize, $75. + Four animals, get of one sire. Second prize, $30. + Two animals, produce of one ewe. First prize, $25. + Aged flock. First prize, $50. + Young flock. Second prize, $30. + Breeder's flock. First prize, $150. +MERINOS +THIRTEEN FLOCKS COMPETING--ONE FROM NEW YORK +D.K. Bell, Brighton + Ram, 2 years old or over. First and second prizes, $65. + Ram, 12 months and under 18 months. First and second prizes, $65. + Ram under 6 months. Second and third prizes, $35. + Ewe, 2 years old or over. First and second prizes, $65. + Ewe, 18 months and under 24. First prize, $35. + Ewe, 12 months and under 18. First and second prizes, $60. + Ewe under 6 months. First and fourth prizes, $35. + Champion ram, 1 year old or over. First prize, $60. + Champion ewe over 1 year old. First and second prizes, $40. + Champion ewe under 1 year old. First prize, $40. + Grand champion ram. First prize, $75. + Grand champion ewe. First prize. $75. + Four animals, get of one sire. First and second prizes, $70. + Two animals, produce of one ewe. First and second prizes, + $45 + Aged flock. First and second prizes, $90. + Young flock. First and second prizes, $70. + Breeder's flock. First prize, $150. + Exhibitor's flock. First prize, diploma. + +HAMPSHIRES + +FOUR FLOCKS COMPETING--ONE FROM NEW YORK + +Chilmark Farm, Ossining + Ram, 2 years old or over. Second prize, $30. + Ram, 18 months and under 24. Fourth and fifth prizes, $35. + Ram, 12 months and under 18. First and third prizes, $60. + Ram, 6 months and under 12. Fourth prize, $10. + Ewe, 2 years old or over. First and fifth prizes, $50. + Ewe, 18 months and under 24. First and third prizes, $60. + Ewe, 6 months and under 12. Fifth prize, $8. + Ewe under 6 months. Second and fourth prizes, $30. + Champion ewe, 1 year or over. First and second prizes, $60. + Grand champion ewe. Second prize, diploma. + Four animals, get of one sire. First and fourth prizes, $60. + Two animals, produce of one ewe. Third prize, $15. + Aged flock. First and fourth prizes, $70. + Young flock. Third prize, $25. + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED ONE + +SWINE + +TWO HERDS OF SWINE WERE EXHIBITED FROM NEW YORK + +YORKSHIRE + +A. Vroman, Carthage + Boar, 2 years old or over. Fifth prize, $15. + Sow, 2 years old or over. Third prize, $25. + +CHESHIRES + +S. G. Otis, Sherwood + Herd bred by exhibitor. First prize, $150. + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THREE + +BELGIAN HARES + +Jennie M. Lockwood, Reading Center + Doe, 4 and under 6 months, Daisy 91. Second prize +Charles Hilts, Cobleskill + Doe under 4 months, Anona 94. Second prize + Black Belgian buck, over 6 months, Black Jack, Jr., 102. First prize + White Belgian Doe, over 6 months, Lady Day 96. First prize + White Belgian doe, under 6 months, Opal 95. First prize + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED FOUR + +_Poultry_ + +Edgewood Farm, Ballston Lake + Buff Plymouth Rock, cock. First prize + Buff Plymouth Rock, cockerel. Sixth prize + Buff Plymouth Rock, pullet. Second prize + Buff Plymouth Rock, breeding pen. Seventh prize +Greystone Poultry Farm, Yonkers + White Plymouth Rock, cock. Third prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, pullet. Fourth prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, pullet. Sixth prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, breeding pen. First prize +George W. Hillson, Amenia + White Plymouth Rock, pullet. First prize + Dark Brahma Bantam, breeding pen. First prize + Dark Brahma Bantam, breeding pen. Second prize + Dark Brahma Bantam, breeding pen. Fifth prize + Light Brahma Bantam, cock. Fifth prize + Light Brahma Bantam, cock. Sixth prize + Light Brahma Bantam, hen. First prize + Light Brahma Bantam, hen. Second prize + Light Brahma Bantam, hen. Third prize + Light Brahma Bantam, pullet. Fifth prize + Light Brahma Bantam, pullet. Sixth prize + Light Brahma Bantam, pullet. Seventh prize + Light Brahma Bantam, breeding pen. Second prize + Light Brahma Bantam, breeding pen. Fourth prize +W.T. Lord, Troy + Buff Wyandotte, cock. Third prize + Buff Wyandotte, cock. Fifth prize + Buff Wyandotte, cockerel. First prize + Buff Wyandotte, cockerel. Fourth prize + Buff Wyandotte, cockerel. Fifth prize + Buff Wyandotte, hen. Sixth prize + Buff Wyandotte, hen. Seventh prize + Buff Wyandotte, pullet. First prize + Buff Wyandotte, pullet. Second prize + Buff Wyandotte, pullet. Third prize + Buff Wyandotte, pullet. Fourth prize + Buff Wyandotte, breeding pen. Second prize + Buff Wyandotte, breeding pen. Third prize + Buff Wyandotte, breeding pen. Fifth prize +E.G. Wyckoff, Ithaca + Partridge Wyandotte, hen. Seventh prize + Partridge Wyandotte, pullet. Sixth prize + Partridge Wyandotte, breeding pen. Second prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, cock. First prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, cock. Second prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, cockerel. First prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, hen. First prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, hen. Second prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, pullet. First prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, pullet. Second prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, breeding pen. First prize + Silver Penciled Wyandotte, breeding pen. Second prize + Black Leghorn, cock. First prize + Black Leghorn, cock. Fourth prize + Black Leghorn, cockerel. Second prize + Black Leghorn, hen. Second prize + Black Leghorn, hen. Third prize + Black Leghorn, pullet. Second prize + Black Leghorn, pullet. Fourth prize + Black Leghorn, breeding pen. First prize + Black Leghorn, breeding pen. Third prize + Single Comb Buff Leghorn, cock. First prize + Single Comb Buff Leghorn, cock. Fifth prize + Single Comb Buff Leghorn, cockerel. Second prize + Single Comb Buff Leghorn, breeding pen. First prize + Single Comb White Leghorn, cock. Second prize + Single Comb White Leghorn, cockerel. Third prize + Single Comb White Leghorn, hen. Third prize + Single Comb White Leghorn, hen. Fourth prize + Single Comb White Leghorn, pullet. Third prize +E.A. Parks, Syracuse + Partridge Wyandotte, breeding pen. Fifth prize +R.F. Alden, Deposit + Silver Wyandotte, pullet. Sixth prize +W.R. Curtiss & Co., Ransomville + White Wyandotte, hen. Sixth prize + White Wyandotte, breeding pen. Third prize + Pekin Ducks, cock. Seventh prize + Pekin Ducks, hen. Fifth prize +D. Lincoln Orr, Orr's Mills + White Wyandotte, pullet. Sixth prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. Third prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. Fourth prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. Sixth prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. Seventh prize + Light Brahma Bantams, cock. First prize + Light Brahma Bantams, cock. Second prize + Light Brahma Bantams, cock. Third prize + Light Brahma Bantams, cock. Fourth prize + Light Brahma Bantams, hen. Fourth prize + Light Brahma Bantams, hen. Fifth prize + Light Brahma Bantams, hen. Sixth prize + Light Brahma Bantams, hen. Seventh prize + Light Brahma Bantams, pullet. First prize + Light Brahma Bantams, pullet. Second prize + Light Brahma Bantams, pullet. Third prize + Light Brahma Bantams, pullet. Fourth prize + Light Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. First prize + Light Brahma Bantams, breeding pen. Third prize +J.M. Linnett, Baldwinsville + Light Brahma, breeding pen. Seventh prize +J.F. Knox, Buffalo + White Langshans, hen. First prize + White Langshans, hen. Fourth prize + White Langshans, pullet. Fifth prize + White Langshans, breeding pen. First prize + Black Cochin Bantams, cock. Third prize + Black Cochin Bantams, cock. Sixth prize + Black Cochin Bantams, cock. Seventh prize + Black Cochin Bantams, cockerel. Sixth prize + Black Cochin Bantams, cockerel. Seventh prize + Black Cochin Bantams, hen. Third prize + Black Cochin Bantams, pullet. Second prize + Black Cochin Bantams, pullet. Fifth prize + Black Cochin Bantams, breeding pen. First prize +Edwin H. Morris, Sparkill + Houdans, cock. Fourth prize + Houdans, hen. Fourth prize + Houdans, pullet. Sixth prize + Houdans, breeding pen. Fourth prize + Black East Indian Ducks, cock. Second prize + Black East Indian Ducks, cock. Third prize + Black East Indian Ducks, hen. First prize + Black East Indian Ducks, hen. Third prize + Black East Indian Ducks, pullet. Second prize + Rouen Ducks, cock. Fourth prize + Rouen Ducks, cock. Seventh prize + Rouen Ducks, cockerel. Fifth prize + Rouen Ducks, cockerel. Sixth prize + Rouen Ducks, hen. Third prize + Rouen Ducks, hen. Seventh prize + Rouen Ducks, pullet. Fourth prize + Rouen Ducks, pullet. Fifth prize +E.F. McAvoy, Schenectady + Houdans, cockerel. Third prize + Houdans, hen. First prize + Houdans, pullet. Fourth prize + Houdans, breeding pen. Third prize +Henry Scheyer, Lake View + Anconas Mottled, hen. Fourth prize + Anconas Mottled, hen. Fifth prize + Anconas Mottled, pullet. First prize +R.H. Quackenbush, Baldwinsville + Blue Andalusians, cock. Fourth prize + Blue Andalusians, pullet. Sixth prize +Storm King Poultry Yards, Cornwall-on-Hudson + Blue Andalusians, pullet. Fourth prize +E.B. Cridler, Dansville + S.C.B. Leghorns, cockerel. Fourth prize + S.C.B. Leghorns, pullet. Third prize + S.C.B. Leghorns, pullet. Fourth prize + S.C.B. Leghorns, breeding pen. Fourth prize +William T. Liddell, Greenwich + S.C.B. Leghorns, pullet. Fifth prize + Rose Comb Brown Leghorns, cock. First prize + Rose Comb Brown Leghorns, cockerel. Fifth prize +H.S. Lamson, Cameron + Rose Comb Brown Leghorns, hen. Third prize +S.E. Smith, Norwich + Single Comb White Leghorns, cockerel. Sixth prize +Irving F. Rice, Cortland + Single Comb White Leghorns, hen. First prize +J.H. Santee, Yonkers + Single Comb Black Minorcas, cock. Second prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, cock. Sixth prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, hen. Third prize +Mrs. George E. Monroe, Dryden + Single Comb Black Minorcas, cock. Third prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, pullet. Second prize + Single Comb Black Minorcas, breeding pen. Second prize +Gedney Farm, White Plains + Single Comb Black Minorcas, hen. Fourth prize +Charles L. Seely, Afton + White Crested Black Polish, cock. Second prize + White Crested Black Polish, cock. Fifth prize + White Crested Black Polish, cock. Sixth prize + White Crested Black Polish, cockerel. Fourth prize + White Crested Black Polish, hen. Second prize + White Crested Black Polish, hen. Fifth prize + White Crested Black Polish, hen. Seventh prize + White Crested Black Polish, pullet. First prize + White Crested Black Polish, pullet. Third prize + White Crested Black Polish, breeding pen. First prize +Dr. A.H. Phelps, Glens Falls + Black Cochin Bantams, hen. Seventh prize + Black Japanese Bantams, hen. First prize + Black Japanese Bantams, hen. Sixth prize + Black Japanese Bantams, breeding pen. First prize + Black Tailed Japanese Bantams, cock. Fifth prize + Black Tailed Japanese Bantams, hen. Fifth prize + Black Tailed Japanese Bantams, breeding pen. Second prize + Booted White Bantams, cock. Second prize + Booted White Bantams, hen. Second prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, cock. First prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, hen. Third prize + Dark Brahma Bantams, pullet. First prize + Cochin Partridge Bantams, cock. Fifth prize + White Cochin Bantams, cock. Sixth prize + Polish Buff Laced Bantams, cock. First prize + Polish Buff Laced Bantams, cock. Second prize + Polish Buff Laced Bantams, hen. First prize + Polish Buff Laced Bantams, hen. Second prize + White Crested White Polish Bantams, cock. Second prize + White Crested White Polish Bantams, hen. Fourth prize + White Crested White Polish Bantams, hen. Fifth prize + White Crested White Bearded Polish Bantams, cock. Third prize + White Crested White Bearded Polish Bantams, cockerel. Fourth prize + White Crested White Bearded Polish Bantams, hen. Second prize + White Crested White Bearded Polish Bantams, pullet. Fifth prize + Black African Bantams, cock. Seventh prize + White African Bantams, cock. Third prize + White African Bantams, cockerel. Fourth prize + White African Bantams, hen. Fourth prize + White African Bantams, pullet. Fifth prize + Golden Seabright Bantams, hen. Second prize + Silver Seabright Bantams, cock. Sixth prize + Birchen, cock. First prize + Birchen, hen. First prize + Black Breasted Red Bantams, cock. Second Prize + Black Breasted Red Bantams, hen. Fourth prize + Golden Duckling, cock. First prize + Golden Duckling, cockerel. Second prize + Golden Duckling, pullet. Second prize + Silver Duckling, cock. Second prize + Silver Duckling, cockerel. First prize + Silver Duckling, hen + Silver Duckling, pullet. Second prize + Red Pyle Game Bantams, cock. Second prize + Miscellaneous Frissles, cock. Second prize + Miscellaneous Frissles, cock. Third prize + Miscellaneous Frissles, hen. Second prize + Miscellaneous Frissles, hen. Sixth prize + Miscellaneous Silkies, cock. Third prize + Miscellaneous Silkies, hen. First prize + Miscellaneous Sultans, pullet. Second prize + Indian Game Bantams, cock. Second prize + Indian Game Bantams, cockerel. First prize + Indian Game Bantams, hen. Second prize + Indian Game Bantams, pullet. Second prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolles, cock. First prize + N.Y. Ermine Faverolles, cock. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolles, cock. Second prize + N.Y. Black Faverolle, cockerel. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, cockerel. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, cockerel. Second prize + N.Y. Ermine Faverolle, hen. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, hen. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, hen. Second prize + N.Y. Ermine Faverolle, pullet. First prize + N.Y. Blue Faverolle, pullet. First prize + N.Y. Black Faverolle, pullet. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, pullet. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, pullet. Second prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, breeding pen. First prize + N.Y. Salmon Faverolle, breeding pen. Second prize + Barred White Plymouth Rock, bantams, cock. First prize + Barred White Plymouth Rock, cockerel. First prize + Barred White Plymouth Rock, pullet. First prize + Barred White Plymouth Rock, breeding pen. First prize + Rumpless, cock. Second prize + Rumpless, hen. Second prize + Sicilian, cock. First prize + Sicilian, hen. First prize + Campinos, hen. First prize + Gray Japanese Bantam, cock. Second prize + Gray Japanese Bantam, hen. Second prize + Lakenfelders, cock. First prize + Lakenfelders, cock. Second prize + Lakenfelders, cock. Fourth prize + Lakenfelders, cockerel. First prize + Lakenfelders, cockerel. Second prize + Lakenfelders, cockerel. Third prize + Lakenfelders, cockerel. Fourth prize + Lakenfelders, hen. First prize + Lakenfelders, hen. Second prize + Lakenfelders, hen. Third prize + Lakenfelders, hen. Fifth prize + Lakenfelders, pullet. First prize + Lakenfelders, pullet. Second prize + Lakenfelders, pullet. Third prize + Lakenfelders, pullet. Fifth prize + Lakenfelders, breeding pen. First prize + Lakenfelders, breeding pen. Second prize + Lakenfelders, breeding pen. Third prize + Lakenfelders, breeding pen. Fourth prize + Campines, pullet. First prize + Campines, breeding pen. First prize + Cuckoo Cochins, cock. First prize + Cuckoo Cochins, cockerel. First prize + Cuckoo Cochins, hen. First prize + Cuckoo Cochins, pullet. First prize + Rose Comb Blues, cock. First prize + Rose Comb Blues, cockerel. First prize + Rose Comb Blues, hen. First prize + Rose Comb Blues, pullet. First prize +W.A. Smith, Whitney's Point + Black African Bantams, hen. Third prize + Black Cochin Bantams, hen. Second prize + Brown Red Game Bantams, cockerel. Second prize + Brown Red Game Bantams, pullet. Second prize + Buff Cochin Bantams, hen. Seventh prize + Gray Call Ducks, cock. First prize + White Call Ducks, hen. First prize +J.A. Sprakers, Sprakers + White Game, cockerel. Second prize + White Game, pullet. Second prize + White Game, pullet. Third prize + White Game, breeding pen: Second prize +G.B. Babcock, Jamestown + Toulouse Geese, cock. Seventh prize + Toulouse Geese, cockerel. Second prize + Toulouse Geese, cockerel. Fourth prize + Toulouse Geese, hen. Fourth prize + Toulouse Geese, pullet. Second prize + Toulouse Geese, pullet. Fourth prize +Jonas Hayner, Livingston + S.C. White Orpingtons, cockerel. Seventh prize + +_Pigeons_ + +J.F. Knox, Buffalo + Red or Yellow Fantail, cock. Second prize + Red Fantail, hen, Second prize + Red or Yellow Fantail, 1904. Sixth prize + Any Color Saddle Fantail, cock. Third prize + Any Color Saddle Fantail, cock. Fourth prize + Any Color Saddle Fantail, hen. First prize + Any Color Saddle Fantail, 1904. Third prize + Any Color Saddle Fantail, 1904. Fourth prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, hen. Second prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, hen. Third prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fifth prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Sixth prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, cock., Second prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, cock. Third prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, hen. Fourth prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, cock. Second prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Third prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fourth prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Seventh prize + White Pigmy Pouter, hen. First prize + White Pigmy Pouter, hen. Fifth prize + White Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Second prize +J.H. Duer, Buffalo + White Working Homer, cock. Third prize + White Working Homer, hen. Sixth prize + White Working Homer, 1904. First prize + White Working Homer, 1904. Second prize + White Working Homer, 1904. Fourth prize + White Working Homer, 1904. Fifth prize +Dr. L.H. Jones, Rome + Black Pigmy Pouter, cock. Fourth prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Second prize + Black Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fourth prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, cock Sixth prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, hen. Second prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, hen. Sixth prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Second prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fourth prize + Blue Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Sixth prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, cock. Fourth prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, hen. First prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Second prize + Red or Yellow Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fifth prize + Silver Pigmy Pouter, hen. Second prize + Silver Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Second prize + White Pigmy Pouter, cock. Third prize + White Pigmy Pouter, hen. Third prize + White Pigmy Pouter, hen. Fourth prize + White Pigmy Pouter, 1904. First prize + White Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fourth prize + Any Other Color Pigmy Pouter, hen. Second prize + Any Other Color Pigmy Pouter, 1904. First prize + Any Other Color Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fourth prize + Any Other Color Pigmy Pouter, 1904. Fifth prize +J.A. Sprakers, Sprakers + Blue Runts, hen. Third prize + Damascene, cock. First prize + Damascene, hen. First prize +A. Samuels, Buffalo + Black Snip Swallow, cock. Second prize + Black Snip Swallow, hen. Second prize + Black Snip Swallow, hen. Fourth prize + Black Snip Swallow, 1904. Second prize + Black Snip Swallow, 1904. Third prize + Blue Snip Swallow, cock. Second prize + Blue Snip Swallow, cock. Third prize + Blue Snip Swallow, hen. Third prize + Blue Snip Swallow, hen. Fourth prize + Blue Snip Swallow, 1904. First prize + Blue Snip Swallow, 1904. Second prize + Red Snip Swallow, cock. Second prize + Red Snip Swallow, cock. Third prize + Red Snip Swallow, hen. First prize + Red Snip Swallow, hen. Second prize + Red Snip Swallow, 1904. First prize + Red Snip Swallow, 1904. Second prize + Any Other Color Snip Swallow, cock. Third prize + Any Other Color Snip Swallow, hen. Third prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow cock. Second prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow, cock. Third prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow, hen. First prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow, hen. Third prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow, 1904. Second prize + Full Head White Barred Swallow, 1904. Third prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, cock. Second prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, cock. Third prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, hen. First prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, hen. Second prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, 1904. First prize + Yellow Full Head White Barred Swallow, 1904. Second prize + Roller Parlor Tumblers, cock. First prize + Roller Parlor Tumblers, hen. Second prize + +[Illustration: TRANSPORTATION BUILDING] + + + +CHAPTER XII + +Horticulture Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +HORTICULTURE EXHIBIT + +By CHARLES H. VICK + +Superintendent of Horticulture + +[Illustration] + + +At a meeting of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of the +State of New York, held June 10, 1903, Charles H. Vick, of Rochester, +N.Y., was appointed as Superintendent of Horticulture, and an +appropriation of $15,000 was made for the exhibit in that department. +This amount was subsequently increased to $20,000. The work was +inaugurated July first, and offices were opened at 46 Elwood building, +Rochester, N.Y. + + +METHODS OF SOLICITING FRUIT + +Many hundred letters were mailed to the fruit growers of the State +soliciting the donation of fruit for an exhibit at St. Louis. The number +of replies received was so small that it was necessary again to +circularize the growers offering to pay a reasonable price for +exhibition fruit. Even this offer did not bring forth anything like a +sufficient quantity of fruit to make a suitable exhibit. The State was +then divided into six sections and competent men appointed to canvass +thoroughly each section and buy fruit. A large collection of fine +specimens of fruit were procured by this method, and as a result of this +canvass exhibits were procured from every fruit growing county in the +State. This fruit was all collected at the Gleason cold storage +warehouse at Brighton, near Rochester, N.Y., and on December 1, 1903, a +shipment of two cars, containing four hundred barrels of apples, +fifty-five bushel boxes of pears and forty baskets of grapes were +forwarded to the Mound City cold storage warehouse at St. Louis. + + +LOCATION OF EXHIBIT + +The exhibit was housed in the Palace of Horticulture, which, although +located in a somewhat remote part of the grounds, received its full +share of Exposition visitors, all of whom were deeply interested in the +magnificent displays of fruit found there. + +The State of New York was assigned 4,000 square feet of space +advantageously located near the northeast corner of the building. To the +west were the exhibits of Illinois and Missouri, and to the east those +of Minnesota and Washington, while Colorado bounded New York on the +south and Pennsylvania on the north. In August, New York was assigned +the space surrendered by Pennsylvania, approximately 1,200 square feet, +to accommodate the large exhibit of grapes from the Central New York +growers and from the Chautauqua Grape and Wine Association. + + +THE INSTALLATION + +The space included three distinct sections, Nos. 40, 41 and 43, +completely surrounded by aisles, thus affording an excellent opportunity +of viewing the exhibit from all sides. On account of this an open +installation was erected. Around section 43 was thrown an open facade, +consisting of columns supporting a handsome cornice, which bore the coat +of arms of the State and the words "The State of New York" on each side. +On the cornice rested fifteen fine specimens of Boston ferns. + +The fruit was displayed upon tables of varying lengths and from three to +four feet in width. In the center of this space was the office of the +Superintendent. Sections 40 and 41 were within the zone in which low +installation was required by the Exposition authorities, so that no +facade was erected in these sections, the name of the State being shown +upon handsome ornamental gilt signs, placed upon the tables and +suspended over the exhibit. The entire installation was of white enamel, +kept spotlessly clean. The plates used were of special design. The +center was white, with the monogram in green letters, "L. P. E., 1904," +and a wide green border, with a gold band. The white and green furnished +a most appropriate background for the varicolored fruit and the effect +was most pleasing as the eye swept over the whole exhibit. + + +A WORD OF COMMENDATION + +On the opening day of the Fair, April thirtieth, New York's exhibit of +fruit was complete in every detail. In fact of the thirty-five States, +Canada and Mexico represented, New York was the only State to have its +exhibit installed and ready for exhibition when the doors of the Palace +of Horticulture were thrown open to the public, which called forth a +special word of commendation from the Chief of the Department of +Horticulture, Honorable F. W. Taylor. Owing to the fact that at that +time the other States were not prepared to make a display, it was deemed +inadvisable to exhibit a large number of varieties, so that while the +entire space was covered with fruit, the exhibit consisted of but +thirty-one varieties of apples, ten of pears and three of grapes, as +follows: + +Apples: Fallawater, Swarr, Golden Russet, Snow, + Belleflower, Sweet Russet, Cline's Red, Red Rock, Holland + Pippin, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Deacon Jones, + Judson, Sklanka Bog, Peach, Sutton Beauty, Flower of + Genesee, Baldwin, Lady, Kirkland Pippin, Greening, + Spitzenburg, Northern Spy, Walbridge, Seek-no-Further, + McIntosh, Grimes' Golden, Wagener, Mann, Roxbury, + Russet, King, Canada Red +Pears: Kieffer, Duchess, Vergalieu, Josephine, Diel, + Beurre d'Anjou, Beurre Bosc, Lawrence, Mt. Vernon, + Beurre Clairgeau +Grapes: Virgennes, Diana, Catawba + + +A HIGH STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE + +From the opening to the close of the Fair, December first, New York's +exhibit of fruit was maintained at a uniformly high standard of +excellence. The total number of varieties of fruit exhibited was as +follows: + +Apples ......... 424 varieties +Cherries ....... 31 " +Currants ....... 4 " +Gooseberries ... 1 " +Grapes ......... 150 " +Pears .......... 152 " +Plums .......... 129 " +Quinces ........ 8 " +Peaches ........ 14 " +Strawberries ... 1 " + +The Empire State far outstripped her sister States as to number of +varieties of fruit, displaying twice as many varieties of apples, pears +and plums, and more than three times as many varieties of grapes as her +nearest competitor, and this be it said, in a display of fruits never +before equaled either in size, variety or quality. + + +RECORD OF ENTRIES + +Over 2,000 individual entries of fruit were made during the season, and +as all of the fruit was entered twice, once for the general collection +of the State and again for the grower, the total number of entries was +nearly five thousand. An accurate record was kept of all entries, the +following information being carefully tabulated: +The name and address of the exhibitor. +Date of removal from cold storage. +Date placed upon the table. +Date of removal from the table. +Remarks concerning its condition. + + +FRUIT of 1904 + +The new fruit of the fall of 1904, while free from rust and of good +color, was somewhat smaller in size than the fruit of 1903; nevertheless +it made a grand display, and from the opening to the close of the Fair +from 2,000 to 2,500 plates of fruit, including never less than 150 +varieties of apples, were admired by the thousands of visitors. + + +APPLES + +The apples placed in cold storage at St. Louis in December of 1903 were +found to be in almost perfect condition when opened in April, and, with +a few exceptions, continued so throughout the season. Most of the apples +were wrapped first in tissue and then in oiled paper and firmly packed +in barrels well lined with corrugated paper, with excelsior cushions in +each end. + +Owing to the fact that so much depends upon the condition of fruit when +picked, and the necessity of placing it in cold storage as soon as +picked, it was a difficult matter to make a comparative test of the +keeping qualities of the different varieties. For instance, of two +different collections of Baldwins (one of the best keepers), placed on +the tables at the same time, one lot held up in perfect condition for +several weeks while the other went down in as many days. + +The varieties showing the best keeping qualities were Baldwin, +Spitzenberg, Russet, Northern Spy and Canada Red. These varieties were +kept in cold storage and placed on the tables as late in the season as +November fifteenth, when they were found to have retained their color, +firmness and flavor. + +Some of the fall varieties, which are ordinarily supposed to be poor +keepers, came out of cold storage in perfect condition and kept +remarkably well after being placed on the tables. Among these the +Alexander, Fallawater, Holland Pippin, McIntosh and Rome Beauty were the +best. + +A collection of Fallawaters from W.R. Fitch, of Rushville, N.Y., were +placed on the tables April twenty-ninth, when they attracted +considerable attention on account of their unusual size and fine color, +and remained in splendid condition for weeks. While somewhat shriveled +and dried up, they showed no signs of decay when removed from the tables +July twentieth. The same is true of a collection of Holland Pippins and +McIntoshes placed on exhibition at the same time. + +A collection of Alexanders from J.B. Collamer, of Hilton, will serve as +an illustration of the advantages of picking at the proper time, +handling with care and placing in cold storage immediately. These apples +were exhibited for a week at the State Fair held at Syracuse in +September of 1903. They were then wrapped, packed and sent to St. Louis, +where they were kept in cold storage until June twenty-sixth, when they +were placed on exhibition until after the visit of Governor Odell, June +twenty-ninth. On June thirtieth they were rewrapped and repacked and +sent back to cold storage until a few days before the State Fair at +Syracuse in September of 1904, when they were shipped to Syracuse and +again exhibited for a week. At the close of the State Fair they were +again returned to St. Louis and exhibited for two weeks. + +The Newtown Pippin is another variety which showed excellent keeping +qualities. On August twelfth a collection of forty-six plates from Henry +D. Lewis, of Annandale, was taken out of cold storage and placed on +exhibition. They held up in good condition until the thirtieth of +August, during the hottest weather of the season. + +The Greenings, while large in size, of fine color, and apparently in +perfect condition when packed, invariably came out of cold storage badly +scalded and discolored. In fact, there were only three or four lots +which were entirely free from scald. + +In September, large additions of new fruit were made to the exhibit from +individual growers, and also from the New York Agricultural Experiment +Station at Geneva. + +George W. Anderson, Charles N. Baker, Samuel J. Wells and T.H. King are +among the exhibitors who deserve special mention for the quality and +extent of their exhibits. + +A complete list of the 424 varieties of apples exhibited appears +following the list of exhibitors. + + +GRAPES + +The grape industry of New York had adequate and successful +representation at the St. Louis Exposition, as a department of the +general Horticultural Exhibit. This industry in New York is one of large +and steadily increasing importance. The State ranks second only to +California in the production of grapes, and the showing made in the +Horticulture building was a revelation to thousands of visitors who +there obtained their first knowledge of the extent of the viticulture +industry in New York. + +This sign was conspicuously displayed over the exhibit of grapes: + +"NEW YORK LEADS IN TABLE GRAPES + +"600,000 acres; 30,000,000 vines; crop worth $2,763,711 +annually." + +These figures are from census reports, and represent an advance of 198 +per cent in the industry over its condition as represented at the +Columbian Exposition in 1893. There is scarcely another such record of +increase in the whole range of industries of the United States. + +No attempt was made to show viticulture in any other way than by its +product, but an almost continuous display of grapes was kept on the +tables from the opening of the Exposition to its close. This in itself +was a noteworthy achievement, for it included a display of cold storage +grapes from the crop of 1903 up to the second week of July, 1904, +something never before attempted. A display of forced fruit and early +varieties began shortly after that date. + +A collection of hot-house grapes grown by Mr. David M. Dunning, of +Auburn, was an interesting feature of the grape exhibit and amazed +crowds of visitors on account of their size and handsome appearance. The +varieties were Barbarossa and Muscat Hamburg. One cluster of the latter +variety weighed nine pounds and measured seventeen inches in length, +exclusive of stem. This collection of grapes far surpassed anything of +the kind shown in the Horticulture building, not even excepting +California specimens. + +The varieties in cold storage were as follows: Catawba, Diana, Iona, +Isabella, Niagara, Salem and Virgennes. Of these varieties, the Catawba +and Virgennes kept the longest. They were taken from cold storage July +third and placed upon exhibition for a week, at the end of which time +they were found to have retained their color and flavor perfectly. This +was fully one month later than grapes were preserved at the Pan-American +Exposition, notwithstanding the difference in distance between Buffalo +and St. Louis from the vineyards. The Diana and Iona were close seconds +in keeping qualities, while the Isabella rattled badly and the Niagara +showed discoloration, though both retained fairly good flavor. + +The display proper of the 1904 crop began early in September. This +display was entirely made up of fruit contributed by the growers of the +Chautauqua and Keuka Lake districts. These two districts were +represented about in proportion to their acreages and products. + +The grapes were well wrapped in paper and packed in a new style paper +grape basket, furnished by Mullen Bros. Paper Company, of St. Joseph, +Michigan. These baskets were packed in spring crates, and the grapes, +with a very few exceptions, carried in perfect condition. + +The grape exhibit was made adjacent to the rest of the New York exhibit. +The tables afforded room for about 2,000 plates. The display was made up +largely of Concord, Catawba, Niagara, Virgennes, Campbell Early and +other commercial varieties. + +The rarer varieties, however, were not neglected, as will be seen from +the list of one hundred and fifty varieties appearing elsewhere. + + +PEARS + +In October of 1903, fifty-five bushel boxes of pears were placed in cold +storage to be used for the Exposition. Of this number, twenty-five boxes +were purchased from David K. Bell, of Brighton, and the balance came in +single bushels from some of the best growers of the State. The pears, +like the apples, were wrapped first in heavy tissue paper and then in +oiled paper. + +The following is a list of the varieties kept in cold storage: Beurre +d'Anjou, Beurre Bosc, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurre Diel, Angouleme, +Columbia, Duchess, Howell, Josephine of Malines, Kieffer, Lawrence, Mt. +Vernon, Rutter and Vergalieu. + +On April twenty-fifth, when the boxes were examined and a selection made +for the opening day, the Duchess was found in poorer condition than any +of the other varieties. Notwithstanding this fact, a continuous exhibit +of Duchess pears was made until May thirtieth. All the other varieties +were in prime condition, and were displayed in lots of fifty plates +until May twenty-sixth, when one grand exhibit was made, consisting of +four hundred plates of fifteen varieties. This display continued in good +condition until the sixteenth of June, in spite of the extreme hot +weather at that time, the Anjou, Angouleme, Bosc, Clairgeau, Columbia, +Howell and Kieffer keeping extremely well until that date. + +The display in the fall of 1904 attracted a great deal of attention, not +alone from visitors, but also from the superintendents of horticulture +from the other States and from fruit growers in general. On September +nineteenth, one hundred and forty-two varieties were exhibited from +Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester; on September twenty-first, twenty +varieties were exhibited from David K. Bell, of Brighton, in addition to +the general display from almost every section of the State, making an +exhibit of pears never before equaled. + +A complete list of the one hundred and fifty-two varieties of pears +exhibited will be found following the list of exhibitors. + + +PLUMS + +As the result of a bountiful plum crop, the display of this luscious and +popular fruit was unusually large and fine. The first shipment, +consisting of Early Red June, was received from F. E. Dawley, of +Fayetteville, on August fifth, and from that time until September +twenty-sixth, additions were made almost daily. One hundred and +twenty-eight varieties, arrayed on hundreds of plates, and occupying +nearly a third of the New York space, compelled the attention and +admiration of every passer-by. And indeed, it was an attractive sight, +from the stand-point of color alone, comprising, as it did, nearly every +shade of green, yellow, purple, blue, orange and red. + +The varieties attracting the most attention were Abundance, Arch Duke, +Burbank, Coe's Golden Drop, Grand Duke, Quackenboss and St. Lawrence. +The display of Burbank was the largest and finest ever shown, the best +two lots coming from Fred H. Teats, of Williamson, and T. H. King, of +Trumansburg. + +Splendid collections were also received from F. E. Dawley, of +Fayetteville, consisting of eleven varieties; S. D. Willard, of Geneva, +twenty-three varieties; New York Agricultural Experiment Station, at +Geneva, one hundred and five varieties. + +A total of one hundred and twenty-eight varieties were exhibited; all of +the varieties are listed following the list of exhibitors. + + +CHERRIES + +Thirty-one varieties of cherries were exhibited, the largest exhibit +coming from the New York Agricultural Experiment Station. No other State +excelled in number of varieties. + +See the list following the list of exhibitors. + + +PEACHES + +New York's peach crop was not up to the usual standard, being more or +less infected with rust and lacking in color. It was also found to be a +difficult matter to get shipments to St. Louis in good condition. + +There were liberal quantities of such varieties as were shown, a list of +which appears following the list of exhibitors. + + +QUINCES + +The crop of 1904 was unusually small and inferior in quality. +Nevertheless a fairly good exhibit was made. + +The varieties shown appear following the list of exhibitors. + + +CURRANTS + +It was impossible to make a general display of small fruits, owing to +the distance from New York to St. Louis. Four varieties of currants were +shown, however, the Perfection Currant, from C. G. Hooker, of Rochester, +excelling in size, quality and flavor any currant exhibited. + +A list of varieties appears following the list of exhibitors. + + +GOOSEBERRIES + +The gooseberry crop was a total failure in New York, and only one small +exhibit was made of the Downing. + + +STRAWBERRIES + +It was the intention to make a large exhibit of strawberries, and +arrangements were partially made with Mr. L. J. Farmer, of Pulaski, to +collect this exhibit, but owing to the very poor condition of shipments +received from Illinois, Missouri and other nearby States, the plan was +abandoned, as it was feared that the berries would be spoiled in +transit. One exhibit, however, was made. This was the Ryckman strawberry +and came from G. E. Ryckman, of Brocton. Owing to extreme care in +packing, this small exhibit came in fairly good condition, and excited +much comment on account of its size, color, fine flavor and prolific +production. + + +PLANTS AND FLOWERS + +The exhibit of plants and flowers was, for the most part, made out of +doors in beds, which were attractively laid out in the grounds +surrounding the Horticulture and Agriculture buildings. The extent of +the grounds afforded opportunity for the massing of the different +varieties of hardy plants, such as roses, peonies, hydrangeas, and also +of the newer varieties of cannas and geraniums. In the conservatory +adjoining the Horticulture building proper were exhibited fine +collections of ferns and a large display of gladiolas, and also one of +peonies. + + +SOME GRATIFYING COMPARISONS + +The following statistics from the United States census of 1903 may be of +interest: + +New York leads in the production of fruit, exclusive of subtropical +fruits. Twelve and one-tenth per cent of the fruit production of the +United States is in New York. + +Orchard fruit of 1903 was valued at $10,542,272 +Grapes of 1903 were valued at 2,763,711 +Small fruits of 1903 were valued at 2,538,363 + +The following table will give an idea of the extensive cultivation of +small fruits: + Acres Product-quarts + +Raspberries 12,376 17,575,530 +Strawberries 7,311 13,846,860 +Currants 2,594 4,584,080 +Blackberries 2,060 3,167,090 +Other berries 710 862,107 + + Number of vines Product-pounds + +Grapes 29,636,316 247,689,056 + +From the following a comparison may be drawn between the number of trees +and apple product of the two leading apple states: + + Number of trees Product-bushels + +New York 15,054,832 24,111,257 +Missouri 20,040,399 6,496,436 + +The average number of apple trees per farm in the United States was +74.5; the same for New York was 86.2. The average production in bushels +per farm in the United States was 64.8; the same for New York was 138.1. + +A considerable proportion of the trees in Missouri, quoted above, are +young trees, and the relative products will soon show far different +results unless New York fruit growers awake to the situation. In all of +the western fruit growing states the annual planting of young trees is +rapidly increasing, a precaution which our fruit growers are not taking +to any great extent. Moreover, the lack of interest on the part of New +York growers in expositions and the opportunity there afforded for +advertising the superiority of New York products is a subject for +comment. It is in marked contrast to the interest and progressive spirit +of the growers in the western states who never lose such an opportunity, +and are gradually working into the front ranks of fruit production. In +many of the western states no public funds nor machinery were provided +for a horticultural exhibit at St. Louis, but very creditable exhibits +were prepared, the entire expense of the same being borne by fruit +growers' associations. In marked contrast is a rather unfortunate +precedent heretofore adopted in the State of New York, and of necessity +followed at St. Louis, viz.: That the State, in order to obtain a +creditable exhibit, must pay a fancy price for fruit for exhibition +purposes and allow the seller to receive the award upon fruit which is +no longer his own property. + + +THE STAFF + +In addition to the superintendent the staff connected with the +department consisted of James G. Patterson, of Sheridan, assistant +superintendent; John W. Coughtry, of New Scotland, and Sherman T. Lewis, +of Johnsonburg, assistants in charge of fruit exhibit; A. M. Loomis, of +Fredonia, assistant in charge of viticulture, and Miss Bessie J. +Hutchinson, of Rochester, stenographer. One and all they served the +Commission and the State faithfully and efficiently. + + +AWARDS + +The State received a total of 295 awards, divided as follows: A grand +prize for installation, a grand prize for the collective State exhibit +of fruit, 19 gold medals, 142 silver medals and 132 bronze medals. Owing +to the rules and regulations governing the system of awards, however, +prizes were not so freely distributed as at the World's Fair at Chicago, +or the Pan American Exposition at Buffalo. Heretofore it has always been +the custom to allow the exhibitor a medal for a collection of apples, +another for a collection of pears, another for plums, etc., while at St. +Louis only one award was allowed an exhibitor for his entire collective +exhibit. The jury in the Department of Horticulture was on duty +throughout the Exposition period, and as soon as an exhibit was placed +upon the tables it was promptly passed upon by the jury, due application +having been made. + + +_Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Horticulture, with the +Award, if Any, Received by Each_ + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED SEVEN + +_Pomology_ + +F. M. Adams, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Pocklington, Martha, Concord +Frank Abbott, Pulteney. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Concord, Eumelan, Diana, Delaware +George Aldrich, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara, Pocklington +B. C. Allen, Holley. Silver medal + Apples + Roxbury, Russet, Snow +James Allen, Nliddleport. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Greening, Twenty Ounce, King +M. L. Allen, Seneca Falls. Silver medal + Apples + Gilliflower, Northern Spy +Clark Allis, Medina + Apples + Stump +G. W. Anderson, South Onondaga. Silver medal + Apples + Twenty Ounce, King, Tallman Sweet, Peck's Pleasant, Northern Spy, + Red Canada +W. W. Anderson, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Greening, Snow +Marcus Ansley, Geneva. Bronze medal + Pears + Kieffer, Duchesse, Beurre Bosc +Lewis Archer, Hilton. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Cooper's Market, Roxbury Russet +Charles E. Artman, Le Roy. Bronze medal + Apples + King +George Bacon, Scriba. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin +Charles N. Baker, Selkirk. Silver medal + Apples + Peck's Pleasant, Northern Spy, Langford Seedling, Black Twig, + Bagdanoff, Baldwin, Salome, Red Russet, Wagener, Scott's Winter, + Winter Sweet, Newtown Pippin, Sutton Beauty, Tallman Sweet, Phoenix, + Gilliflower, Golden Russet, Roxbury Russet, Willow Twig, Vandervere, + McIntosh, Pound Sweet, Mother, Wolf River, Milding, Yellow + Belleflower, Esopus Spitzenberg +C. M. Bailey, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Catawba +Fred Baright, Van Wagoner. Bronze medal + Apples + Red Belleflower, Stark +R. A. Barnes, Lockport. Silver medal + Pears + Bartlett +W. A. Bassett, Farmer. Bronze medal + Apples + King, Peck's Pleasant, Hendrick Sweet +R. Bassett, Hilton. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin + Peaches + Late Crawford +F. M. Beattie, Brighton. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy +C. Bechstedt, Oswego. Silver medal + Apples + Stump, Garden Royal, Unknown +David K. Bell, West Brighton. Silver medal + Apples + Mother + Quinces + Rhea's Mammoth + Pears + Josephine, Diel, Columbia, Clairgeau, Anjou, Winter Nellis, + Bartlett, Superfin, Bose, Kieffer, Duchesse, Kinsessing, Louise + Bonne, Pitmaston, Doyenne Boussock, Lawrence, Bergamot, Easter, + Seckel, White Doyenne, Fred Clapp, Sheldon +L. J. Bellis, Crosby. Bronze medal + Grapes + Diana, Iona +E. S. Bender, New Scotland. Silver medal + Apples + Pewaukee, Rambo, Spitzenberg, Greening, Northern Spy, + Lady Sweet, Pomme Grise, Roxbury, Russet +W. T. Benjamin, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Martha, Worden, Delaware +David W. Bennett, New Salem. Silver medal + Apples + Snow, Northern Spy, Baldwin, Rome Beauty +James Berryman, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Salem, Concord, Isabella, Niagara, Moore's Diamond, + Pocklington +William Bradley, Pavilion. Bronze medal + Apples + Babbett, Cooper's Market, Northern Spy +L. G. Brainard, Ellington. Bronze medal + Apples + Gilliflower +E. T. Brizzee, Canandaigua. Bronze medal + Apples + Bailey Sweet, Belleflower +W. H. Brower, Arlington. Bronze medal + Apples + Crow Egg, Lawver, Gilliflower, Newtown Pippin, Baldwin +W. D. Brown, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Delaware, Concord, Niagara, Catawba +E. J. Brwen, Albion. Silver medal + Apples + King, Canada Red, Baldwin, Roxbury Russet, Northern Spy +A. B. Boyd, Pulteney. Silver medal + Grapes + Delaware, Concord, Worden, Ives' Seedling, Niagara, Brighton +J. V. Boyd, Pulteney + Grapes + Catawba, Concord +John W. Bullock, Brocton. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +F. D. Burger, Pulteney + Grapes + Catawba, Iona, Isabella +Mrs. Hiram Burgess, Newark. Bronze medal + Apples + White Graft, Smokehouse +F. W. Campbell, Esopus. Silver medal + Apples + Greening +Thomas Cant, Clarksville. Silver medal + Apples + Spitzenberg, Fall Pippin, McIntosh + Pears + Lawrence, Sheldon, Anjou, Howell +O. J. Chamberlain, Brocton. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +Austin L. Champion, Schenectady. Bronze medal + Apples + Spitzenberg, Baldwin, Northern Spy, Red Winter Pippin +E. W. Chapman, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + Snow, Nonesuch, Northern Spy +William Chillson, Fairdale. Bronze medal + Apples + Pound Sweet +M. A. Christman, Pavilion. Silver medal + Apples + Seek-no-Further +Fred W. Clark, Pavilion. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Spitzenberg +J. E. Cline, Massena. Silver medal + Apples + Golden Russet, Snow, Belleflower, Sweet Russet, Cline's Red, + Red Rock, Ben Davis, Blue Pearmain, Sweet +H. B. Clothier, Silver Creek. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +F. B. Clothier, Silver Creek. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +I. D. Cook & Son. South Byron + Apples + Peck's Pleasant, Tallman Sweet, Corey Pippin, Seek-no-Further +F. H. Cookingham, Cherry Creek + Apples + McIntosh, Maiden Blush, Mann +J. B. Collamer & Sons, Hilton. Silver medal + Apples + Alexander, Sweet Bough, Wealthy, Baldwin + Plums + Burbank +E. J. Cole, Sheridan. Silver medal + Grapes + Delaware, Salem, Concord, Niagara, Jessica +James E. Cole, Fulton + Apples + Rhode Island Greening +Ed. Colvin, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Niagara, Worden, Campbell's Early +E. R. Concklin, Pomona. Bronze medal + Apples + Sutton Beauty, Baldwin, Pomeroy, Wagener +J. J. Conroy, Hilton. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Nonesuch +J. B. Corkhill, Seneca Falls. Bronze medal + Apples + Gilliflower, Canada Red, Lady +H. A. Cosman, Hilton. Bronze medal + Apples + Canada Red, Ben Davis, Snow +Charles Covell, Lockport. Silver medal + Apples + King +F. Cozzens, Appleton. Silver medal + Apples. + Rhode island Greening, Tallman Sweet +Craig Colony, Sonyea. Bronze medal + Apples + Surprise, Sweet Henry, Pearmain, Dakota Sweet, Rhode + Island Greening, Tallman Sweet, Baldwin, Gilliflower, + Northern Spy, Bell Bond, Sweet Russet, Pound Sweet +A. B. Cranston, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Delaware, Worden +S. S. Crissey, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Worden, Hartford, Green Mountain, Empire State, Wyoming + Red, Ives' Black, Iona, Martha, Telegraph, Moore's + Diamond, Concord, Pocklington +Fred Crosby, Crosby. Silver medal + Grapes + Empire State, Moore's Diamond, Catawba, Martha, Duchesse, + Jefferson, Diana, Concord +John W. Crosier, Hall's Corners. Silver medal + Apples + Pearmain, Canada Red, Baldwin +A. S. Cross, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +Cross & Uhl, Arlington. Silver medal + Apples + King, Snow, Northern Spy +Crossgrove Bros., Ripley. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +Robert B. Crowell, Walkill. Silver medal + Apples + Russet Greening, Rambo, Pewaukee, Fallawater, Newtown + Pippin, Snow, Grimes' Golden, Red Canada, Lady Sweet +Culver Bros., Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Delaware, Catawba, Concord, Niagara, Moore's Diamond, + Pocklington +O. P. Curtis, Hilton. Bronze medal + Pears + Clapp's Favorite + Plums + Burbank +James Curtis & Son, Hilton. Bronze medal + Apples + Greening, King, Snow, Holland Pippin, Baldwin + Pears + Duchesse +F. E. Dawley, Fayetteville. Silver medal + Apples + Sweet Bough, Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Yellow Transparent, + Primate, Strawberry, Summer Pippin, Hawley, + Grimes' Golden, Wine, Bismarck, English Streak, Red + Romanite + Cherries + Dawley + Pears + Clapp's Favorite, Seckel, Japanese + Plums + Seedling Japanese, Abundance, Primate, Red June, Burbank, + Japanese Wineberry, Red Negate, Shropshire Damson, + Tragedy Prune, Cooper, Lombard +Day Bros., Dunkirk. Silver medal + Grapes + Ives, Diana, Concord, Martha, Marion +David Dean, Oswego + Apples + Northern Spy +H. Dean, Aurora. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +John DeWitt, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba +George Dorman, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Niagara +A. C. Doty, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Brighton, Pocklington, Niagara, Delaware +C. E. Drake, Stanley. Silver medal + Apples + Smokehouse, Swaar, Winter Pippin, King, Bell Bond, + Ontario +Charles W. Driggs, Elba. Silver medal + Apples + Roxbury Russet, Baldwin, Northern Spy +R. C. Dunkelberger, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Roxbury Russet, Mann, Ben Davis, Cranberry + Pippin +David M. Dunning, Auburn. Gold medal + Apples + Alexander, King + Grapes + Barbarosa, Muscat Hamburg + Pears + Clairgeau +N.J. Durfee, Pavilion. Bronze medal + Apples + Snow, Baldwin, Northern Spy, Wagener +Sylvester Edeck, Olcott. Bronze medal + Apples + Cranberry Pippin + Pears + Kieffer +L.L. Edmunds, Holley. Silver medal + Apples + Lady Sweet, Spitzenberg, Nonesuch, Pound Sweet, Gilliflower, + Martin +John Elliott, Morton. Silver medal + Apples + Nonesuch, Holland Pippin +Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester. Gold medal + Apples + Arabskoe, Alexander, Albion, Amasias, Aucuba-leaved Reinette, + Ballarat Seedling, Bismarck, Black Detroit, Black Gilliflower, + Belle de Boskopp, Baldwin, Bohanan, Blanche de Bournay, + Blanche d'Espagne, Beauty of Kent, Ben Davis, Belle + d'Angers, Brittle Sweet, Brownlee's Russet, Barry, Buckingham, + Christiana, Cox's Pomona, Court Penduplat, Coe's Scarlet + Perfume, Canada Reinette, Danford, Duke of Devonshire, Dr. + Oppel's French Pippin, Dumclow's Seedling, Downing's Paragon, + English Royal Russet, Evening Party, Equimetely, Excelsior, + Esopus Spitzenberg, Fall Pippin, Flower of Kent, Fall + Orange, Fameuse, Fameuse Sucre, Glidden No. 3, Golden + Sweet, Gelber Richard, Grosse Bohnapfel, Golden Russet, + Hurlbut, Hester, Hartford Sweet, Hubbardston Nonesuch, + Hennepin, Idaho, Julia, Jackson, Johnson, Jonathan, Josephine + Kreuter, Keswick Codlin, King of Pippins, Krouzex, + Kelsey, Kikitia, Klaproth, Knox Russet, Lord Suffieid, Lindenwald, + London Pippin, Lowell, Lady Hennicker, Liberty, + Lehigh, Long Stem, Magneta, Menagere, Minister, Mother, + Monmouth Pippin, McLellan, Marston's Red Winter, Milding, + Neversink, Nickajack, Nicolayer, Norton's Melon, Northern Spy, + Oustin's Pippin, Peter No. 12, Plumb's Cider, Pryor's + Red, Pickman, Pomme Grise, Pigeon de Schibler, Reinette + Monstrouse, Rhode Island Greening, Reinette Jaune Hative, + Reinette Bretagne, Riviere, Reinette gris de Versailles, Ribston + Pippin, Red Warrior, Red Canada, Roxbury Russet, Red + Beitingheimer, Sheppard's Perfection, Signe Tilisu, Schackleford, + Smokehouse, Swaar, Sol Edwards, Stott's Seedling, Seneca + Sweet, Summer Hagloe, Sweet Pearmain, Stump, Stark, Sutton + Beauty, Spaeth's Sameling, Soulard, Transparent de Croucels, + Turn-off Lane, Shannon, Twenty Ounce, Virginia Greening, + Wealthy Wagener, White Pippin, White Robinson, Winter + Pearmain, Winesap, Washington Strawberry, Wormsley's Pippin, + York Imperial, Yellow Belleflower + Pears + Admiral Cecil, America, Angelique le Clerc, Angouleme, + Angouleme Bronzee, Anjou, Ansault, Antoine Lormier, Auguste + Royer, Bergamot Buffo, Bergamot Heitrich, Bergamot + Royal d'Hiver, Beurre Alex Lucas, Beurre d'Aremburg, + Beurre Benoist Noveaux, Beurre Capiaumont, Beurre Diel, + Beurre Dumont, Beurre gris d'Hiver, Beurre Mauxion, Beurre + Moire, Bezi de la Motte, Black Worcester, Bonchretian Vermont, + Boussock, Brockworth Park, B. S. Fox, Buffam, Cabot, + Canandaigua, Catherine Gardette, Catinka, Chapman, Church, + Clairgeau, Columbia, Col. Wilder, Comice, Comte de Lamy, + Comte de Paris, Conseiller de la Cour, Delices d'Huy, Delices + de Mons, DeLamartine, Desiree Cornelis, Dix, Dorset, Dow, + Doyenne d'Alencon, Doyenne Boussock, Doyenne Dillon, + Doyenne Gray, Doyenne Jamain, Doyenne Robin, Doyenne + Sieulle, Dr. Nellis, Duchesse de Bordeaux, Duchesse Precoce, + Duhamel du Monceau, Eastern Belle, Easter Beurre, Edmunds, + Emile d'Heyst, Figue d'Alencon, Figue de Naples, + Fred Clapp, Gansel's Bergamot, Gansel's Seckel, Hardy, Homewood, + Hoosic, Island, Jackson, Jalousie de Fontenay, Jones, + Kieffer, Kingsessing, Kirtland, Knight's Seedling, Lady Clapp, + La France, Langalier, Lawrence, Le Comte, Lodge, Louise + Bonne de Jersey, Loveaux, Mace, Magnate, Miller, Minister,* + Dr. Lucius, Mount Vernon, Mme. Blanche Sannier, Mme. + Treyve, Napoleon, Oswego Beurre, Pardee's Seedling, Passe + Crasanne, Pater Noster, Paul Ambre, P. Barry, Pierre Corneille, + Pitmaston Duchesse, Poire Louise, Pound, President + Gilbert, Prince Consort, Prince's St. Germain, Rapalje's Seedling, + Raymond de Montlaux, Reeder, Refreshing, Rousselet + Bivort, Sarah, Seckel, Secretaire Rodin, Serrurier, Sheldon, + Soulard Bergamot, Souv. d'Esper, Souv. de Lens, Souv. de la + Marcau Trou, Souv. de la Reine des Belges, Souv. Sannier + Pere St. Andre, Sterling, Superfin, Tyson, Urbaniste, Van + Buren, Vergalieu No. 4, Washington, White Doyenne, Winter + Nelis +B. C. Fairchild, Willsboro. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Fallawater, Wagener +William H. Falls, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + King, Nonesuch, Lawyer, Baldwin, Tallman Sweet, Golden + Russet, Roxbury Russet +E. H. Fay, Portland. Bronze medal + Grapes + Stark Star +A. A. Fay, Brocton. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara, Delaware +Finch & Horrocks, Bluff Point. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba, Niagara, Moore's Diamond +W. R. Finch & Son, Rushville. Silver medal + Apples + Fallawater, Swaar, Spitzenberg +Foster & Griffith, Fredonia. Silver medal + Apples + Fall Pippin, Abundance, Bradshaw, Red Beitengheimer, + Alexander, Black Detroit, Northern Spy, King, Ox, Maiden + Blush, St. Lawrence, Plunker Sweet, Fallawater, Orange + Pippin, Twenty Ounce, Duchess of Oldenburg + Grapes + Iona Red Rare, Vergennes, Delaware, Agawam, Jessica + White, Lucile, Lindley Rogers No. 9, Moyer Red +B. W. Frazer, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Catawba +Howard S. Fullager, Penn Yan. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Greening, Wagener +J. H. Gamby, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +John B. Garbutt, Middleport. Silver medal + Apples + Duchess of Oldenburg, Wealthy +J. V. Gaskell, Gasport. Silver medal. + Apples + Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, King +Geneva Experiment Station, Geneva. Gold medal + Apples + Albion, Alexander, Amasias, Aporte Orientale, August, + Benoni, Bismarck, Bohana, Breskorka, Canada Baldwin, + Canada Reinette, Caroline Red June, Charlock Reinette, + Christiana, Coon Red, Count Orloff, Crott's, Deacon + Jones, Dickinson, Doctor, Dudley Winter, Duncan, Edwards, + Elgin Pippin, Enormous, Etowah, Ewalt, Excelsior, + Fall Pippin, Ferdinand, Fishkill, Gideon, Gideon Sweet, Golden + Medal, Golden Russet, Grandmother, Grand Duke Constantine, + Great Mogul, Groscoe Slenka Greenle, Grundy, Hartford + Rose, Haskell Sweet, Haywood, Herefordshire Beefing, Holland, + Iowa Beauty, Jacob Sweet, Jones' Seedling, Jonathan + Buler, Judson, Juicy Krimtartar, July Cluster, Keswick, Kirkland, + Landsbergere Reinette, Lawver, Manchester, Magog Red + Streak, McIntosh, McMahon, Milding, Milon, Milligan, Millott, + Monmouth, Monroe, Moon, Moore Sweet, Mother, Mountain + Sweet, Moyer's Bride, Munson, Nelson, Newman's Seedling, + Northwestern Greening, Ohio Pippin, Olive, Paragon, Paul's + Imperial Crab, Peach, Pear, Persian Bogdanoff, Piper, Pride + of Texas, Reinette Coux, Rhodes Orange, Rolfe, Roxbury + Russet, Salome, Scott's Winter, Skelton, Sklanka Bog, Small's + Admirable, Standard, Stark, Stayman's Winesap, Striped Winter, + Stuart Golden, Sutton Beauty, Swaar, Swinku, Thompson, + Titus Pippin, Tobias, Tobias Black, Tobias Pippin, Tom Putt, + Van Hoy, Wabash Red Winter, Wallace Howard, Washington + Royal, Washington Strawberry, Watwood, Western Beauty, + White Zurdell, Williams Favorite, Winter Bananna, Winter + Golden, York Imperial + Cherries + Hoke, Ida, May Duke, King's Amarelle, Esel Kirche, Elton, + Double Nattie, Dyehouse, Orel No. 23, Gov. Wood, Black + Tartarian, Mercer, Rockport Bigarreau, Knight's Early Red, + Early Purple Guigne, Large Montmorency, Abesse de Pigmes, + Transcendant, Downer's Late, Napoleon Yellow Spanish, + Windsor, Bay State, Mezel, Olivet, Rapp, Luelling, Reine + Hortense, Sparhawk's Honey, Montmorency + Grapes + Hicks, Moyer, Canandaigua, Telegraph, Champion, Early + Victor, Riehl No. 22, McPike, Elvibach, Marion, Niagara, Isabella + Seedling, Rupert, Arminia, Corby, Hartford, Livingston, + Riehl No. 10, Janesville, August Giant, Eumelan, Merrimack, + Prentiss, Dracut Amber, Manito, Mary Favorite, Greene, + Horner No. 1, Diamond, Lucile, Mary Washington, Adirondack, + Browne, Worden, Colerain, Presley, Concord, Moore's + Early, Riehl No. 21, Cayuga, St. Louis, Rockwood, Jewell, + Campbell, Emerald, Waupanuka, Butler No. 1, R. W. Munson, + Essex, Barry, Pulaski, Thompson No. 7, Paragon, Wyoming + Red, Nectar, Herbert, Gold Coin, Perfection, Creveling, + Rebecca, Campbell's Early, Caywood No. 50, Brighton, + Winchell, Dr. Hexamer, Delaware, Faith, Peabody, Requa, + Etta, Chautauqua, Jessica, Lutie, Poughkeepsie, Olita, Berckman, + America, Golden Grain, Osage, Thompson No. 5, Columbian + Imperial, Northern Muscatine, Rogers No. 13, Red Eagle, + Agawam, Wilder, Hercules, Little Blue, Maxatawney, Kensington, + Helen Keller, Massasoit, Gold Dust, Martha, Station + No. 797 + Plums + Yosebe, Engre, Japanese Seedling, Shiro, Oullin Golden, + Prunus Simoni, Climax, Hale, King of Damson, Berger, + Duane's Purple, Coe's Golden Drop, Monarch, Newman, Chabot, + Grand Duke, White Nicholas, Saunders, Burbank, Washington, + Mariana, De Caradenec, St. Lawrence, Field, Shipper, + Hector, Early Orange, World Beater, Normand, Poole's Pride, + Robe de Sargent, Harriet, Abundance, Bartlett, Merunka, + Combination, Pacific, Bailey, Imperial Gage, Yellow, Baray's Green + Gage, White Kelsey, Paragon, Maru, Orient, Mogul, Arch + Duke, Royal Hative, Pottawatamie, Gold, Niagara, Hiederman + Sand Cherry, Victoria, Autumn Comport, Baker, Pond's Seedling, + Miles, Palatine, America, October Purple, French Prune, + Quackenboss, King of Damson, Transparent, Spalding, Late + Black Orleans, Shropshire, Damson, Ungarrish Prune, Wickson, + Sweet Botan, Coe's Purple Drop, Reine Claude, Grant + Prune, Dame Aubert, Pringle Blue, Freestone Damson, + Pringle Purple, Clingstein, Hudson River Purple Egg, Wild + Goose, G. No. 44, Jones, McLaughlin, Eagle, Yeddo, Goliath, + Jefferson, Gold Drop, Belgian Purple, Diamond, Tennant, + Tragedy Prune, Mikado, Kirk, Yellow Egg, Cabot, Uchi Beni, + Union Purple, Geuthrie Late, Saratoga, Monroe +George Geringer, Childs. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Northern Spy +John Gibson, Catawba. Bronze medal + Grapes + Niagara +Edwin S. Gifford, Lockport. Bronze medal + Apples + Greening +John D. Gilligan, Crown Point. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Bethel +George A. Gilson, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Agawam, Concord, Martha, Worden +P. Gleavey, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Moore's Diamond, Niagara +E. J. Gleason, Keuka. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba +E. P. Gould, Rochester. Bronze medal + Pears + Beurre Clairgeau +J. H. Giffin, Catawba. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba, Isabella +S. S. Grandin, Westfield. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +C. B. Gray, Albion. Silver medal + Apples + Golden Russet, Hubbardston Nonesuch, King +E. A. Guest, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Cottage, Niagara, Vergennes, White Chautauqua +J. A. Hall, Catawba. Silver medal + Grapes + Alvira, Catawba, Concord, Delaware, Diana, Dutchess, Isabella, + Pocklington +M. H. Hamilton, Westfield. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +E. E. Hamlet, Sheridan. Silver medal + Grapes + Delaware, Moore's Early, Niagara, Worden +James H. Hanlon, Linwood. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Duchess of Oldenburg, King, Red Astrachan, + Northern Spy + Plums + White Japan, Burbank +W. C. Harden. Stanton Hill. Silver medal + Apples + Pomeroy, Sutton Beauty +F. P. Hardenburg, Brocton. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +E. T. Hart, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba, Clinton, Isabella +F. P. Hazelton, Le Roy. Silver medal + Apples + Alexander, Black Gilliflower, Cooper's Market, Lady, Swaar, + St. Lawrence + Pears + Beurre Bosc +J. A. Hepworth, Marlboro. Silver medal + Apples + Domine, Lady Sweet, Snow + Currants + Filler + Pears + Beurre Bosc, Clairgeau, Duchesse +Grant G. Hitchings, South Onondaga. Silver medal + Apples + Pewaukee, Rhode Island Greening, Wealthy, Jonathan, + Seek-no-Further, Red Canada, Spitzenberg, Fallawater, + Northern Spy, Romanite, Gilliflower, Cranberry Pippin, + Ben Davis, Walbridge, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Pound + Sweet +Elton B. Holden, Hilton. Silver medal + Apples + Cooper's Market, Cranberry Pippin, York Pippin +C. G. Hooker, Rochester. Gold medal + Currants + Perfection +E. R. Hopkins, Sheridan. Silver medal + Grapes + Lindley, Concord +S. O. Hubbard, Pavilion. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Snow +J. A. Hulbert, South Onondaga. Bronze medal + Apples + Douse +T. S. Hubbard Nursery Co., Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Eaton, Moore's Diamond, Wyoming Red, Empire State, + Cynthiana, Brilliant, Woodruff Red, Early Daisy, Rommel, + Berckman Red, Brighton, Dracut Amber, Gaertner, Moyer, + Niagara, Goethe, Campbell's Early, Telegraph, Lutie Red, + Janesville, Early Ohio, White Diamond, Etta, Concord, + Early Victor, Cottage, Jessica, Norton, Green Mountain, + Lucile, Moore's Reissling, Delaware +Elias B. Hutchinson, Pavilion. Silver medal + Apples + Golden Russet, Peck's Pleasant, Phoenix +J. S. Hutt, Cobleskill. Bronze medal + Apples + Hook +J. Corwin Jacks, Batavia. Bronze medal + Apples + Flower of Genesee +Ira S. Jarvis, Hartwick Seminary. Bronze medal + Apples + English Russet, Ross, Nonpareil +George S. Josselyn, Fredonia. Gold medal + Grapes + Campbell's Early, Eaton, Barry, Pocklington, Dracut Amber, + Lindley, Massasoit, Diana, Victoria, Herbert, Montefiore, + Amenia, Wyoming Red, Wilder, Moyer, Catawba, Telegraph, + Concord, Esther, Martha, Green Mountain, Lucile, + Worden, Brighton, Early Victor, Vergennes, Salem, + Woodruff Red, Alice, Cottage, Noah, Ulster Prolific, Agawam, + Etta, Clinton, Goethe, Niagara, Delaware, Moore's + Diamond, Janesville, Moore's Early, Jefferson +F. I. Judd, Batavia. Silver medal + Apples + Golden Russet, Greening, Roxbury Russet, Northern Spy +Alfred Jorgensen, Bluff Point. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +M. H. Kelly, Wyoming. Silver medal + Apples + Roxbury Russet +Herman L. Kent, Westfield. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Concord, Isabella, Kent's Favorite +John G. Kettle, Schodack Landing. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Blush Pippin, Bristol, Esopus Spitzenberg, Greening, + Mann, Pomeroy Sweet, Stark +John C. Ketchum, Schenectady. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, N ewtown Pippin, Northern Spy, Spitzenberg, Vandevere +George M. Kinner, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Salem, North Carolina, Worden, Niagara, Perkins, + Rogers No. 15, Massasoit, Catawba, Delaware, Rogers No. + 9, Rogers No. 8 Black, Rogers No. 33 Black, Martha +P. W. King, Athens. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Northern Spy, Roxbury Russet, Spitzenberg +T. H. King, Trumansburg. Silver medal + Apples + Hendrick Sweet, Northern Spy, Seek-no-Further, Hubbardston + Nonesuch, King, McIntosh, Ben Davis, Fall Pippin + Peaches + Carman, Elberta, Hill's Chili, Kalamazoo, Stevens' Rare Ripe + Pears + Kieffer + Plums + Burbank +E. H. Kinyoun, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Moore's Diamond, Niagara +Frank P. Kinyoun & Co., Penn Yan. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +Judson N. Knapp, Syracuse. Bronze medal + Apples + Knapp's Prolific, Pound Sweet +E. Ben Knight, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +Lake View Nursery Co., Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Eaton, Agawam, Lindley, Clinton +E. W. Lamont, Cobleskill. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Ben Davis, Greening, Hannah Kazoot, Kirkland + Pippin, Lady, Spitzenberg +A. R. Lathrop, Brocton. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +Fred B. Leibring, Gasport. Bronze medal + Apples + Greening, King +C. N. Leonard, Penfield. Silver medal + Apples + Cooper's Market, Golden Russet, Greening, Northern Spy, + Phoenix +Henry D. Lewis, Annandale. Silver medal + Apples + Newtown Pippin +H. J. Lewis, Ripley. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara +S. T. Lewis, Johnsonburg. Bronze medal + Plums + Burbank, Mary, Delaware, Bradshaw, Giant Prune, Imperial + Gage, juicy, Jefferson, General Hand, Apple, Satsuma, + Osto Smomo, Pearl, Gueii +P. R. Loder, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Vergennes +C. W. Mackey, Coxsackie. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Pomeroy, Snow, Spitzenberg +H. Manchester, Lockport. Bronze medal + Apples + Cranberry Pippin, Northern Spy, King +Willis T. Mann, Barker. Silver medal + Apples + Boiken, Cranberry Pippin, Mann, Sutton Beauty +Arlington Mapes, Stanley. Bronze medal + Apples + Crown. +U. P. Markham, Fredonia + Grapes + Delaware +I. H. Marvin, Albion. Bronze medal + Apples + Greening, Hubbardston Nonesuch, King +H. R. Mason, Ripley. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +O. C. Mather, Albion. Bronze medal + Apples + Lady +A. Ross Matheson, Pomona. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Fallawater +A. G. Meiklejohn, Putnam Station. Silver medal + Apples + Ben Davis, Bethel, Blue Pearmain, Greening, McIntosh Red, + Northern Spy, Tallman Sweet, Snow +W. D. Merrick, Albion + Pears + Anjou, Clairgeau, Duchesse, Howell +W. W. Metcalf, Castile. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Canada Red, Greening, Northern Spy +H. R. McNair, Dansville. Bronze medal + Apples + Grimes' Golden, Mann, McIntosh, Peck's Pleasant, + Seekno-Further, Wagener, Walbridge +W. S. Millard, Joshua. Silver medal + Apples + Rhode Island Greening +Fred Miller, Penn Yan. Bronze medal + Apples + Gilliflower, Greening, King, Northern Spy, Smokehouse, + Spitzenberg, Tallman Sweet +George Miller, Naples. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Salem, Vergennes +Robert Miller, Sheridan. Silver medal + Grapes + Agawam, Brighton, Catawba, Concord, Delaware, Diana, + Martha, Moore's Diamond, Pocklington +C. D. Mills, Wellsville. Bronze medal + Apples + Wolf River +C. D. Miner, Lima. Silver medal + Apples + Duchess of Oldenburg, King, Red Astrachan, Sweet Bough +A. A. Mitchell, Palmyra. Bronze medal + Apples + Canada Reinette, Domine, Vandevere +W. C. Moore, Bluff Point. Bronze medal + Grapes + Niagara +W. Seward Mudge, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Greening, Northern Spy +G. E. & E. H. Munt, Le Roy. Bronze medal + Apples + Rambo +Mrs. I. Neff, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Delaware, Brighton, Agawam, Moore's Diamond +William Newton, Henrietta. Bronze medal + Pears + Anjou, Lawrence +New York State. Collective exhibit. Grand prize + Apples + 424 varieties + Cherries + 31 varieties + Currants + 4 varieties + Gooseberries + 1 variety + Grapes + 150 varieties + Peaches + 14 varieties + Pears + 152 varieties + Plums + 129 varieties + Quinces + 8 varieties + Strawberries + 1 variety +New York Grape Growers' Association. Gold medal + Grapes +O'Brien & Morse, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Agawam, Moore's Early +H. H. Ostrander, Salt Point. Bronze medal + Apples + Canada Red, Snow. +Gottlieb Otto, Gasport. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy +John J. Ovens, Crosby. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba +Levi A. Page, Seneca Castle. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Canada Red, Gilliflower, Roxbury Russet +George D. Parker, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Apples + Northern Spy +James G. Patterson, Sheridan. Silver medal + Apples + Duchess of Oldenburg, Virginia Sweet, Western Beauty + Plums + Burbank +J. W. Patterson, Ripley. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +S. Patterson, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Delaware, Empire State, Moore's Diamond, Niagara, + Pocklington +Fayette E. Pease, Lockport. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Jonathan +William B. Pepper, Branchport. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Delaware, Diana, Empire State, Golden Pocklington. +D. Perry, Bluff Point. Bronze medal + Grapes + Niagara +J. E. Perry, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +W. R. Perry, Rushville. Bronze medal + Pears + Vergalieu +George Pettit, Lyndonville. Bronze medal + Apples + Roxbury Russet +Mrs. Laura Pettit, Brocton. Bronze medal + Grapes + Agawam, Moore's Early +Merton Phelps, Castile. Bronze medal + Apples + Belleflower, Blue Pearmain, Peck's Pleasant, Tallman Sweet + Unknown +M. F. Pierson, Stanley. Silver medal + Apples + Boiken, Canada Red, Cooper's Market, Delaware Red, Winter, + Ewalt, Gano, Kirkland, Lady, Lady Sweet, Rome Beauty, + Scott's Winter, Sutton Beauty + Pears + Columbia, Kieffer +W. H. Pillow, Canandaigua. Silver medal + Peaches + Lemon Cling, Late Crawford, Elberta, Champion, Old + Nixon, Willet + Pears + Vermont Beauty, Howell, Clairgeau, Louise Bonne, Pitmaston + Duchesse + Plums + Grand Duke, Frost Damson, Blue Damson, Reine Claude, + Arch Duke, Stanton, Italian Prune, French Prune + Quinces + Orange +E. C. Porter, Sauquoit. Silver medal + Apples + Gloria Mundi, Spitzenberg +George T. Powell, Ghent. Silver medal + Apples + Fall Pippin, Fall Strawberry, Gravenstein, Hubbardston + Nonesuch, King, Jonathan, Red Winter Sweet, Roxbury + Russet, Lady Sweet, Sutton Beauty, Twenty Ounce, + Transcendant Crab +Jesse A. Putnam, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Cottage, Eaton, Lucile, Pocklington, Telegraph, Worden +H. J. Rater, Ripley. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord +George H. Remer, Penn Yan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Delaware, Moore's Diamond +George P. Reed, Honeoye. Silver medal + Grapes + Vergennes +George S. Reeves, Marion. Bronze medal + Apples + Rome Beauty +A. Reisinger, Naples. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba, Diana, Isabella, Iona +J. F. Riker, Lakeside. Bronze medal + Apples + Fall Pippin, King +John T. Roberts, Syracuse + Apples + Fall Pippin +William Roberts, Lockport. Bronze medal + Apples + King +Barney Roach, Penn Yan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Delaware, Moore's Diamond, Niagara +William H. Roeper, Wyoming. Silver medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Roxbury Russet, Red Astrachan, Sweet Bough, + Black Detroit, Duchess of Oldenburg, Strawberry, Black + Gilliflower, Steele's Red, Bottle Greening + Pears + Bartlett, Tyson +Lewis Roesch, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Early Daisy, Moore's Diamond + Plums + Shipper's Pride, Satsuma +Charles R. Roff, Pulteney. Silver medal + Grapes + Niagara, Catawba +W. P. Rogers, Williamson. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Gravenstein, Greening, King, Maiden Blush +William H. Rossiter, Despatch. Silver medal + Apples + King +L. A. Rowe, Barnard. Bronze medal + Apples + Canada Red, Henry Sweet, Hubbardston Nonesuch +G. E. Ryckman & Son, Brocton. Silver medal + Grapes + Lutie, White Delaware, Green Mountain, Agawam, Diana, + Isabella, Martha, Niagara, Delaware Seedling, Diamond + Strawberries + Ryckman + Lemons + American Wonder +L. R. Ryckman, Brocton. Silver medal + Grapes + Niagara +B. H. Sackett, Keuka. Bronze medal + Grapes + Empire State, Niagara +J. V. Salisbury, Phelps. Silver medal + Apples + Greening, Hendrick Sweet, Swaar, Seek-no-Further, Spitzenberg, + Tallman Sweet, Fall Pippin, Twenty Ounce, King +Joseph Sanderson, Bluff Point. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Catawba, Diana, Niagara, Salem +R. Sanderson, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Delaware, Moore's Diamond, Niagara, Pocklington, Salem +E. L. Seely, Lafayette. Silver medal + Apples + English Stripe, Gilliflower, Prior's Red, Rock, Sweet Greening, + Spitzenberg +A. F. Selby, Williamson. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Geniton +Guy A. Selmser, Waterloo. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Greening, Northern Spy, Pewaukee, Rambo, Vandevere +J. D. Sherman, Castile. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Black Gilliflower, Fallawater, Swaar, Seek-no-Further, + Yellow Belleflower +Aaron Shofmyer, Schenectady. Silver medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Spice, Spitzenberg +John D. Silsby, Lockport. Bronze medal + Apples + King, Greening +I. M. Slingerland, Fayetteville. Bronze medal + Apples + Cranberry Pippin, Hendrick Sweet, Seek-no-Further, Slingerland +Henry Smith, Fredonia. Silver medal + Grapes + Brighton, Fredonia, Niagara, Woodruff Red +W. I. Smith, Hilton. Gold medal + Apples + Alexander, Fall Pippin, Northern Spy, Spitzenberg, + Seek-no-Further, Twenty Ounce + Peaches + Elberta +Smith & Boyce, Holley. Bronze medal + Apples + Snow +F. H. Snyder, Ghent. Bronze medal + Apples + Alexander, Gravenstein, Wealthy +M. A. Soverhill, Newark. Bronze medal + Apples + Lady, Rambo, Willow Twig +S. Stace, Barnard. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Greening, King +C. L. Stearns, Clay. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Belleflower, Northern Spy, Peck's Pleasant, Rome + Beauty, Sterns, Winter Pippin +Jason L. Stearns, Cardiff. Silver medal + Apples + Red Astrachan, Maiden Blush, Strawberry + Pears + Clapp's Favorite, Flemish Beauty, Sheldon +Willis C. Streeter, Fulton. Silver medal + Apples + Twenty Ounce, Ribston Pippin, Fall Strawberry,Red Astrachan, + Ox, King, Rhode Island Greening, Northern Spy, + Sops of Wine, English Russet, Lowell, Mother, Gilliflower, + Roxbury Russet, Golden Russet, Rock Greening, + Egg Top, Golden Sweet, Pound Sweet, Spice, Duchess, + Cranberry Pippin, Belleflower, Sweet Russet, McIntosh, + Alexander, Monmouth Pippin, Twenty Ounce Pippin, Red + and Green Sweet, Detroit Red, Culbert, Bitter Sweet, + Early Strawberry, Porter, Peck's Pleasant, Phoenix, Cabashea, + Yellow Belleflower, Spitzenberg +John Striker, Pulteney. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba +Tallman & Christy, Ripley. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +Fred H. Teats, Williamson. Silver medal + Plums + Burbank +Delos Tenny, Hilton. Silver medal + Apples + Greening, Roxbury Russet +W. S. Teator, Upper Red Hook. Bronze medal. + Apples + Baldwin, Fallawater, Greening, Northern Spy, Stark +Clarence Tenny, Hilton. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin +N. Tenny & Sons, Hamlin. Bronze medal + Currants + Pres. Wilder, Black Champion + Gooseberries + Downing +Mrs. H. J. Thayer, Fredonia. Silver medal + Apples + Red Astrachan +A. M. Thayer, Pulteney. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Concord +James K. Thayer, Penn Yan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Catawba, Concord, Niagara +Fred Tillman, Catawba. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Delaware, Diana, Niagara +E. B. Tolles, Sheridan. Bronze medal + Grapes + Agawam, Concord, Martha, Wyoming Red +Howard H. Tozer, Naples. Silver medal + Apples + Rambo, Seek-no-Further + Pears + Flemish Beauty +S. J. Turk, Fredonia. Bronze medal + Grapes + Niagara +John S. Van Allen, Selkirk. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Northern Spy +J. P. Van Buren, Stockport. Silver medal + Apples + Lady +Robert L. Van Dusen, Newark + Pears + Rutter +F. E. Van Eps, Stanley. Silver medal + Apples + Primate, Astrachan, Autumn Strawberrv, Yellow Transparent, + Spitzenberg, Vandevere, Smokehouse, Gravenstein, + Maiden Blush +W. H. Van Sickles, Union Springs. Bronze medal + Apples + Tallow Pippin +W. H. Van Vliet, South Schodack. Bronze medal + Apples + Newtown Pippin +Abram Van Vranken & Sons, Vischer's Ferry. Bronze medal + Apples + Northern Spy +H. S. Vermilyea, Chelsea. Bronze medal + Apples + Baldwin, Northern Spy +James Vick's Sons, Rochester. Silver medal + Apples + Rhode Island Greening +F. Vroom, Pulteney. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord, Niagara, Salem +S. W. Wadhams, Clarkson. Bronze medal + Peaches + Crosby, Elberta +J. E. Wakeman, Lockport. Silver medal + Apples + Spitzenberg, Northern Spy +Ward Fruit Co., Ravena. Silver medal + Apples + Fall Pippin, Greening, Northern Spy, Spitzenberg +Henry D. Warner, Clifton Springs + Apples + Limber Twig +Ira Watson, Fredonia. Silver medal + Apples + Alexander, Sweet Bough +H. E. Wellman, Kendall. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Golden Russet, Rhode Island Greening +Samuel J. Wells, Fayetteville. Silver medal + Apples + King, Fall Pippin, Pound Sweet, Fall Greening, Swaar, + Onondaga Sweet, Seek-no-Further, Rambo, Gilliflower, + Alfred Sweet, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Rome Beauty, Lady + Sweet, Steele's Red Winter, Spitzenberg, Red Astrachan, + Yellow Transparent, Sweet Bough, Cornell, Golden Sweet + Grapes + Niagara, Isabella, Iona, Diana, Vergennes + Pears + Comet +Walter E. Wetmore, Wilson. Silver medal + Apples + Mann +T. D. Whitney, Flint. Silver medal + Apples + Dutchess, Primate, Sweet Bough +E. P. Willard, Cayuga. Bronze medal. + Pears + Beurre Bose, Clairgeau, Duchess +S. D. Willard, Geneva. Gold medal + Apples. + Stump, Martha Crab, Windsor Chief, Wealthy, North Star, + Red Russet, Swaar, Black Gilliflower, Duchess, White + Streak + Peaches. + Horton River, Wadell. + Pears. + White Doyenne, Beurre Clairgeau, Worden Seckel. + Plums. + America, Hale, Quackenboss, Arch Duke, Imperial Gage, + Palmer's Favorite, Copper, Blue Damson, Coe's Golden + Drop, Hudson River Purple Egg, Peters' Yellow Gage, + Smith's Late Blue, Reine Claude, Grand Duke, Monarch, + Geuii, Middleburgh, Lombard, Stanton's Seedling, Coe's + Late Red, Shropshire, Wickson + Quinces + Orange +A. H. Wilcox, Gasport. Silver medal + Apples + Baldwin, Greening +I. A. Wilcox, Portland. Bronze medal + Grapes + Campbell, Clinton, Delaware, Moore's Early, Vergennes +J. H. Windsor, Brockton. Silver medal + Grapes + Concord, Moore's Diamond, Niagara +M. Witherby, Brockton. Bronze medal + Grapes + Concord +Albert W. Wood & Son, Carlton Station. Silver medal + Apples + Cabashea, King, Hubbardston Nonesuch, Roxbury Russet +William W. Yost, Waterloo. Silver medal + Apples + Hendrick Sweet, King +Philip Zimmer, Keuka. Silver medal + Grapes + Catawba, Niagara +George Zorn, Hilton. Silver medal + Apples + Northern Spy, Roxbury Russet, Spitzenberg, Swaar + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED EIGHT + +_Trees, Shrubs, Ornamental Plants and Flowers_ + +Fred Beaulieu, Woodhaven, L. I., hose support. Silver Medal +Charlton Nursery Co., Rochester, peonies. Gold Medal +Cottage Garden Co., Queens, L. I., peonies. Silver Medal +Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, trees and shrubs. Gold Medal +J. Roscoe Fuller, Floral Park, cannas. Silver Medal +Samuel Gilbert Harris, Tarrytown, roses. Gold Medal +William F. Kasting, Buffalo, cannas. Gold Medal +William F. Kasting, Buffalo, ferns. Gold Medal +F. R. Pierson & Co., Tarrytown, ferns. Gold Medal +John Scott, Brooklyn, ferns. Gold Medal +Siebrecht & Sons, New Rochelle, ferns. Gold Medal +Siebrecht & Sons, New Rochelle, trees and shrubs. Gold Medal +J. M. Thorburn & Co., New York, bulbs. Silver Medal +Arthur Cowee, Berlin, gladiolas + +_General Collaborator_ + +Charles H. Vick, Rochester, Superintendent of Horticulture. Gold + Medal + +The following is a list of the varieties of fruits exhibited: + +_Apples_ + +Albion +Alexander +Alfred Sweet +Amasias +America +Ananarnoe +Arabskoe +Arkansas Beauty +Aporte Orientale +Aucuba-leaved Reinette +August +Autumn Strawberry +Austin Pippin +Babbitt +Bagdanoff +Bailey Sweet +Baldwin +Barry +Beauty of Kent +Bell Bond +Belle de Boskoop +Belle d' Angers +Belleflower +Ben Davis +Benoni +Bethel +Bietingheimer +Bismarck +Bitter Sweet +Boiken +Black +Black Detroit +Black Gilliflower +Black Twig +Blanche de Bournay +Blue Pearmain +Blanche d'Espagne +Blush Pippin +Bohana +Bottle Greening +Breskora +Bristol +Brittle Sweet +Brownlee's Russet +Buckingham +Cabashea +Canada Baldwin +Canada Reinette +Canada Red +Carlaugh +Caroline Red June +Cathead Russet +Centennial +Chenango Strawberry +Chillicothe Sweet +Christiana +Clark +Cline's Red +Coe's Scarlet Perfume +Coffey's Beauty +Colvert +Coon Red +Cooper's Market +Corey Pippin +Cornell +Count Orloff +Court Penduplat +Cox's Pomona +Cranberry Pippin +Crow Egg +Crown +Crott's +Culbert +Cullum's Keeper +Dakota Sweet +Danford +Deacon Jones +Delaware Red Winter +Denton Seedling +Detroit Red +Dickinson +Doctor +Domine +Douse +Downing's Paragon +Dr. Opple's French Pippin +Duchess of Oldenburg +Dudley Winter +Duke of Devonshire +Dumclow's Seedling +Duncan +Early Joe +Early Strawberry +Edwards +Egg Top +Elgin Pippin +English Russet +English Royal Russet +English Stripe +Enormous +Equimetely +Esopus Spitzenberg +Etowah +Evening Party +Ewalt +Excelsior +Excelsior Crab +Fallawater +Fall Pippin +Fall Greening +Fall Jenneting +Fall Orange +Fall Strawberry +Fameuse +Fameuse Sucre +Fanny +Ferguson Stat +Ferdinand +Fishkill +Flemish Spitzenberg +Flower of Genesee +Flower of Kent +French Pippin +Gano +Garden Royal +Gelber Richard +Gen. Grant Crab +Geniton +Gideon +Gideon Sweet +Gilliflower +Gladstone +Glidden No. 3 +Gloria Mundae +Golden Medal +Golden Russet +Golden Sweet +Grandmother +Grand Duke Constantine +Gravenstein +Great Mogul +Greasy Pippin +Greening +Green Crimean +Grimes' Golden +Grosse Bohnapfel +Groscoe Slenka Greenle +Grundy +Haas +Hannah Kazoot +Hartford Sweet +Hartford Rose +Haskell Sweet +Hawley +Haywood +Hendricks Sweet +Hennepin +Henry Sweet +Herefordshire Beefing +Hermiker +Hester +Holland +Holland Pippin +Hook +Hubbardston Nonesuch +Hurlbut +Hyslop Crab +Idaho +Iowa Beauty +Jackson +Jacob +Jacob Sweet +Johnson +Jones' Seedling +Jonathan +Jonathan Buler +Josephine Kreuter +Judson +Juicy Krimtartar +Julian +July Cluster +Kelsey +Keswick +Keswick Codlin +Kikitia +King +King of Pippin +Kirkland +Kirkland Pippin +Klaproth +Knapp's Prolific +Knox Russet +Krouzex +Lady +Lady Crab +Lady Elgin Crab +Lady Henniker +Lady Sweet +Landsberger Reinette +Langford Seedling +Lawver +Lehigh +Liberty +Limber Twig +Lindenwald +Long Stem +Lord Nelson +Lord Suffield +Louden Pippin +Lowell +Maiden Blush +Magenta +Marston's Red Winter +Mann +Manchester +Magog Red Streak +Mannington Pearmain +Martha Crab +Menagerie +McIntosh +McIntosh Red +McLellan +McMahon +Milding +Milan +Milligan +Millot +Minister +Monmouth +Monmouth Pippin +Monroe +Moon +Moore Sweet +Mother +Mountain Sweet +Moyer's Pride +Munson +Nelson +Newtown Pippin +Newman's Seedling +Neversink +Nickajack +Nicolayer +Northern Spy +North Star +Northwestern Greening +Norton's Melon +Ohio Pippin +Olive +Onondaga Sweet +Ontario +Orange Crab +Orange Pippin +Ornament de Table +Oustin's Pippin +Ox +Paragon +Paul's Imperial Crab +Peach +Pear +Pearmain +Peck's Pleasant +Pennock +Persian Bagdanoff +Peter No. 12 +Pewaukee +Phoenix +Pickman +Pigeon de Schiller +Piper +Parrish Bly +Plumb's Cider +Plunker Sweet +Pomeroy +Pomeroy Sweet +Pomme Grise +Porter +Pound Pippin +Pound Sweet +Pride of Texas +Priestly +Primate +Prior's Red +Queene Anne +Rambo +Rawle's Janet +Red Astrachan +Red Beitingheimer +Red Belleflower +Red Rock +Red Russet +Red Siberian Crab +Red Winter Pippin +Red Winter Sweet +Red Warrior +Reinette Bretagne +Reinette Coux +Reinette grin de Versailles +Reinette Jaune Hative +Reinette Monstrouse +Rhode Island Greening +Rhodes' Orange +Ribston Pippin +Richards +Riviere +Rock +Rock Greening +Rolfe +Romanite +Rome Beauty +Rose Sweet +Ross Nonpareil +Roxbury Russet +Russian No. 1 +Russian Queen +Russian Seedling +Salome +Sandy Glass +Schackleford +Scott's Winter +Seedling No. 11 +Seedling No. 12 +Seedling No. 13 +Seedling No. 19 +Seedling No. 21 +Seedling No. 22 +Seek-no-Further +Seneca Favorite +Seneca Sweet +Shannon +Sheppard's Perfection +Siberian Crab +Signe Tilissu +Skelton +Sklanka Bog +Slingerland +Small's Admirable +Smokehouse +Snow +Sol Edwards +Soulard +Sour Russet +Spaeth's Sameling +Spice +Spitzenberg +Standard +Stark +Stayman's Winesap +Steele's Red Winter +Sterns +St. Lawrence +Stott's Seedling +Strawberry +Striped Astrachan +Striped Winter +Stuart Golden +Stump +Summer Hagloe +Summer Pippin +Summer Rambo +Surprise +Sutton Beauty +Swaar +Sweet Bough +Sweet Greening +Sweet Pearmain +Sweet Russet +Sweet Russian +Swinku +Tallman Sweet +Tallow Pippin +Tewksbury +Thompson +Titus Pippin +Tobias +Tobias Black +Tobias Pippin +Tom Putt +Transcendant Crab +Transparent de Croucels +Turn-off Lane +Twenty Ounce +Twenty Ounce Pippin +Un-named +Vandevere +Van Hoy +Virginia Greening +Virginia Sweet +Wabash Red Winter +Wagener +Walbridge +Wallace Howard +Washington Royal +Washington Strawberry +Watwood +Wealthy +Welker Beauty +Welker's Seedling +Western Beauty +White Graft +White Pippin +White Robinson +White Streak +White Zurdell +Whitney's Crab +Williams Favorite +Willow Twig +Windsor Chief +Wild Crab +Wine +Winesap +Winter Banana +Winter Golden +Winter Pearmain +Winter Pippin +Winter Sweet +Wolf River +Wormsley's Pippin +Yellow Belleflower +Yellow Transparent +York Imperial +York Pippin + + +_Grapes_ + +Adirondack +Agawam +Alice +Alvira +America +Armenia +August Giant +Barbarosa +Barry +Berckman +Berckman Red +Brighton +Brilliant +Brown +Butler No. 1 +Campbell +Campbell's Early +Canandaigua +Catawba +Cayuga +Champion +Chautauqua +Clinton +Colerain +Columbia Imperial +Concord +Corby +Cottage +Creveling +Cynthiana +Delaware +Delaware Seedling +Diamond +Diana +Dracut Amber +Dutchess +Early Daisy +Early Ohio +Early Victor +Eaton +Elvibach +Emerald +Empire State +Essex +Esther +Etta +Eumelan +Faith +Fredonia +Gaertner +Goethe +Gold Coin +Gold Dust +Golden Grain +Golden Pocklington +Greene +Green Mountain +Hartford +Helen Kellar +Herbert +Hercules +Hicks +Horner No. 1 +Iona +Iona Red Rare +Isabella +Isabella Seedling +Ives +Ives Black +Ives Seedling +Janesville +Jefferson +Jessica +Jessica White +Jewell +Kent's Favorite +Kensington +Lindley Rogers +Little Blue +Livingston +Lucile +Lutie +Lutie Red +Manito +Marion +Martha +Mary Favorite +Mary Washington +Massasoit +Maxatawny +McPike +Merrimack +Montefiore +Moore's Diamond +Moore's Early +Moore's Reissling +Moyer +Moyer Red +Muscat Hamburg +Nectar +Niagara +Noah +North Carolina +Norton +Northern Mascadine +Olita +Osage +Paragon +Peabody +Perkins +Perfection +Pocklington +Poughkeepsie +Presley +Prentiss +Pulaski +Rebecca +Red Eagle +Requa +Riehl No. 10 +Riehl No. 21 +Riehl No. 22 +Rockwood +Rodgers No. 8 Black +Rodgers No. 9 +Rodgers No. 13 +Rodgers No. 15 +Rodgers No. 32 +Rodgers No. 33 Black +Rommel +Rupert +R. W. Munson +Salem +Station No. 797 +Station No. 2612 +Stark Star +St. Louis +Telegraph +Thompson No. 5 +Thompson No. 7 +Ulster Prolific +Vergennes +Victoria +Waupanuka +White Diamond +White Delaware +Wilder +Woodruff Red +Wordon +Wyoming Red + + +_Pears_ + +Admiral Cecil +America +Angelique le Clerc +Angouleme +Angouleme Bronzee +Anjou +Ansault +Antoine Lormier +Arbre Courbe +Auguste Royer +Bartlett +Baylor +Bergamot Buffo +Bergamot Easter +Bergamot Heitrich +Bergamot Royal d'Hiver +Beurre Alex Lucas +Beurre d'Aremburg +Beurre Bosc +Beurre Benoist Noveaux +Beurre Capiaumont +Beurre Diel +Beurre Dumont +Beurre gris d'Hiver +Beurre Mauxion +Beurre Noire +Bezi de la Motte +Black Worcester +Bonchretian Vermont +Boussock +Brockworth Park +B. S. Fox +Buffum +Cabot +Canandaigua +Catherine Gardette +Catinka +Chapman +Church +Clairgeau +Clapp's Favorite +Columbia +Col. Wilder +Comet +Cornice +Comte de Lamy +Comte de Paris +Conseiller de la Cour +Delices d'Huy +Delices de Mons +De Lamartine +Desiree Cornelis +Dix +Dorset +Dow +Doyenne d'Alencon +Doyenne Boussock +Doyenne Dillon +Doyenne Gray +Doyenne Jamain +Doyenne Robin +Doyenne Sieulle +Dr. Nelis +Duchesse +Duchesse de Bordeaux +Duchesse Precoce +Duhamel du Monceau +Eastern Belle +Easter Beurre +Edmunds +Emile d'Heyst +Figue d'Alencon +Figue de Naples +Flemish Beauty +Fred Clapp +Gansel's Bergamot +Gansel's Seckel +Garber +Hardy +Homewood +Hoosic +Howell +Island +Jackson +Jalousie de Fontenay +Japanese +Jones +Josephine +Kieffer +Kingsessing +Kirtland +Knight's Seedling +Lady Clapp +La France +Langalier +Lawrence +Le Comte +Lodge +Louise Bonne de Jersey +Loveaux +Lucy Duke +Mace +Magnate +Miller +Minister Dr. Lucius +Mount Vernon +Mme. Blanche Sannier +Mme. Treyve +Napoleon +Oswego Beurre +Pardee's Seedling +Passe Crassane +Pater Noster +Paul Ambre +P. Barry +Pierre Corneille +Pitmaston Duchesse +Poir Louise +Pound +President Gilbert +Prince Consort +Princes St. Germain +Rapalje's Seedling +Raymond de Montlaux +Reeder +Refreshing +Rousselet Bivort +Rutter +Sarah +Sekel +Secretaire Rodine +Serrurier +Sheldon +Soulard Bergamot +Souv. d'Esper +Souv. de Lens +Souv. de la Marcau Trou +Souv. de la Reine des Belges +Souv. Sannier Pere +St. Andre +Sterling +Superfin +Tyson +Urbaniste +Van Buren +Vermont Beauty +Vergalieu +Vergalieu No. 4 +Washington +White Doyenne +Winter Nelis +Worden Seckel + + +_Plums_ + +Abundance +America +Apple +Arch Duke +Arkansas Lombard +Autumn Comport +Bailey +Baker +Baray's Green Gage +Bartlett +Belgian Purple +Berger +Blue Damson +Bradshaw +Burbank +Cabot +Chabot +Climax +Clingstein +Coe's Golden Drop +Coe's Late Red +Coe's Purple Drop +Combination +Copper +Dame Aubert +De Caradenec +Delaware +Diamond +Duane Purple +Eagle +Early Orange Prune +Engre +French Prune +Freestone Damson +Frost Damson +Field +General Hand +Geuii +Giant Prune +Gold +Gold Drop +Goliath +G. No. 44 Jones +Grand Duke +Grant Prune +Geuthrie Late +Hale +Harriet +Hector +Hiederman Sand Cherry +Hudson River Purple Egg +Imperial Gage +Italian Prune +Japanese Seedling +Jefferson +Juicy +King of Damson +Kirk +Late Black Orleans +Lombard +Mariana +Maru +Mary +McLaughlin +Merunka +Middleburgh +Mikado +Miles +Mogul +Monarch +Monroe +Newman +Niagara +Normand +Ocheeda +Octi Smomo +October Purple +Orient +Oullin Golden +Pacific +Palatine +Paragon +Palmer's Favorite +Pearl +Pond's Seedling +Poole's Pride +Pottowatamie +Pringle Blue +Pringle Purple +Prunus Simoni +Quackenboss +Red June +Red Negate +Reine Claude +Robe de Sargent +Royal Hative +Saratoga +Satsuma +Saunders +Shipper +Shipper's Pride +Shiro +Shropshire +Shropshire Damson +Smith's Late Blue +Spalding +Stanton +Stanton's Seedling +St. Lawrence +Sweet Botan +Tragedy Prune +Transparent +Tennant Prune +Uchi Beni +Ungarrish Prune +Union Purple +Victoria +Washington +Wickson +Wild Goose +White Japan +White Kelsey +White Nicholas +World Beater +Yeddo +Yellow Egg +Yellow Gage +Yosebe + + +_Cherries_ + +Abesse d'Oignies +Bay State +Black Tartarian +Centennial +Downer's Late +Double Nattie +Dyehouse +Early Purple Guigne +Elton +Esel Kirsche +Governor Wood +Hole +Ida +King's Amarelle +Knight's Early Red +Large Montmorency +Luelling +May Duke +Mercer +Mezel +Montmorency +Napoleon +Olivet +Orel No. 23 +Rapp +Reine Hortense +Rockport Bigarreau +Sparhawk's Honey +Transcendant +Windsor +Yellow Spanish + + +_Currants_ + +Perfection +Black Champion +Filler +President Wilder + + +_Peaches_ + +Carman +Champion +Crosby +Elberta +Greensboro +Hill's Chili +Horton River +Kalamazoo +Late Crawford +Lemon Cling +Old Mixon +Stevens' Rare Ripe +Waddell +Willet + +_Quinces_ + +Champion +Japanese +Orange +Pink Japan +Red Japan +Rea's Mammoth +Sweet Winter +White Japan + +[Illustration: VIEWING THE GUNS] + + + +CHAPTER XIII + +Forest, Fish and Game Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +FOREST, FISH AND GAME EXHIBIT + +BY A. B. STROUGH + +Special Agent of the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, State of New York + + +The State exhibit in the Forest Fish and Game Department was prepared +and installed by the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, with funds +furnished by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission of the State +of New York. + + +A SPORTSMAN'S CAMP + +A modern sportsman's camp of rustic design, fourteen feet by seventeen +feet in size, was constructed and furnished after the general style and +appearance of the usual summer residence in the Adirondack mountains. +The contractor for the erection of this camp was the firm of Messrs. D. +B. & D. F. Sperry, of Old Forge, N. Y. Mr. D. F. Sperry, "Frank," as he +is known to visitors to the Adirondacks, had personal charge of the +construction and was something of an exhibit himself. Being a lifelong +Adirondack guide, and having been employed by many prominent people, +among others, ex-President Harrison, any rustic work from his hand was +sure to attract attention. + +It was unfortunate that it was impossible to have him, or some other +Adirondack guide, in attendance at the "camp" all through the season, as +many visitors wished to see and talk with some such person. Some of +them, seeing the Sperry name-plate on the end of a log of the camp, +inquired for "Frank," expecting to find him in attendance. He has had +many inquiries from people residing at widely separated places in +various parts of the country, for duplicates of the camp exhibit, or for +some other design of rustic building. + + +CONSTRUCTION OF THE CAMP + +The camp was constructed of Adirondack spruce logs and the chimney was +of the same external construction. The roof was covered with spruce +bark. All the material showing inside the camp was, as far as possible, +left in natural condition, the logs with the bark on, and the underside +of the roof boards unplaned, showing the coarse saw marks. + +Innumerable inquiries were made by interested visitors, particularly +those coming from the southern and western States, as to the species of +timber used in constructing the camp. When informed that the logs were +of spruce much interest was shown. Many had never seen spruce before. + + +THE FURNITURE + +A part of the furniture was built by Mr. Sperry, and the remainder by +another Adirondack guide, Mr. E. E. Sumner, of Saranac Lake, N. Y. Mr. +Sperry made the bedstead, the window settee and the center table, after +a style that is common in the Adirondack camps. The woodwork was of +spruce, turned smooth and stained a light smoke color to give it a +finished appearance. Mr. Sumner constructed the other furniture in the +best rustic style, the framework being of white cedar with the bark on, +and the bottoms of the chairs and settees of white birch bark. Both of +these guides have had many inquiries for duplicates of their handiwork +as exhibited. The "atmosphere" of the camp was that of everyday life in +the forest. The bed was "made up" as though the owner was expected to +occupy it at night. Garments and articles that had seen service, such as +a leather hunting jacket, a gun case, "pack" baskets, fish reels and +snow shoes were hung on the walls in proper places. + + +ATTRACTIVE FEATURES + +The mantel and fireplace particularly attracted attention. The mantel +was of spruce with the bark on, and the fireplace was constructed with a +stone facing and lining, showing andirons and birch logs in place as in +actual use. In one corner there was shelving for bric-a-brac, fishing +tackle, ammunition, etc., constructed by utilizing a discarded fishing +boat, cutting the same across the center into two parts and placing +shelves at convenient intervals, fastening the same on the ribs of the +boat. + +In another corner was a swing table that could be hung up against the +wall when not in use. On the mantel were placed articles of rustic work +that harmonized with the surroundings--a rustic clock, wooden pipes and +smoking set to match, a stein and mug of wood, together with other +articles of ornament and utility. A piece of library shelving of unique +design and special construction was provided and furnished with standard +publications on fish, birds and animals, and stories of life in the +forest and of the chase. Thirty books were shown, a number of which were +kindly furnished by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co., of New York city. On +the center table were kept the current numbers of the leading sporting +magazines, both weekly and monthly. + + +WALL DECORATIONS + +The walls were decorated with bright colored Indian blankets, flags and +souvenir paddles, on which were painted various national flags and +camping scenes. The paddles being of a very white spruce and the +background being the spruce logs of the camp with dark colored bark, the +effect was pleasing and attracted much attention. + +An interesting and valuable feature of the furnishing and decoration of +the camp, and, incidentally, souvenirs of the chase, were a large fine +moose head over the mantel, an elk's head on the gable outside, bucks' +heads at the sides of the porch in front of the camp, and the furs of +red foxes, deer and black bear. Some of the furs were specially prepared +for rugs and placed on the floor of the camp, giving the interior an air +of comfort and cheerfulness. + + +HUNTING AND FISHING OUTFIT + +The hunting and fishing outfit consisted of two repeating rifles, one a +Savage and the other a Winchester, a double-barreled shotgun, three +fishing rods, one each of steel, split lancewood and split bamboo, and a +collection which included trout flies, landing nets, minnow pail, reels, +lines, cartridge belt, loading set and other paraphernalia. A guide-boat +of the latest style and of superior workmanship was a part of the +sportsman's outfit. This boat was kindly loaned by the manufacturer, Mr. +Fred W. Rice, formerly of Saranac Lake, N. Y., but now living at +Seattle, Wash. His son continues the manufacture of guide-boats at Lake +Placid, N. Y. + + +BALSAM PILLOWS + +On the settee and bed in the camp were a number of balsam pillows. A +large and particularly fine one came from the Higby camp on Big Moose +lake in the Adirondacks. It was made by Miss Lila Daisy Higby, a little +lady only seven years of age, whose needlework decorating the cover +showed artistic ability of great merit for one so young. Many visitors +admired it, and some of them have written her in complimentary terms. + +The odor from these pillows filled the camp, and instantly attracted the +attention of visitors. One of the questions usually asked first of the +attendant was where the perfume came from and what it was. Some supposed +it to be from the logs of which the camp was constructed. Many visitors +wanted to know where they could obtain such pillows. Those purchased for +the camp came from Mr. A. M. Church, Boonville, N. Y., who also +furnished the gun rack so much admired, and also the fur rugs. + + +FIRE NOTICE + +On the side of the camp in a conspicuous place was posted a fire notice +such as may be found in thousands of places along the trail throughout +the Adirondacks and Catskills. Visitors that had been through our +mountains recognized this feature instantly, for these notices may be +found at all the hotels and public places, and also on a great many of +the private camps. This little placard printed on cloth attracted much +attention. It contains our forest fire rules and much of the law +relative to woodland fires. Many persons interested in forestry, many of +them from foreign countries, copied the notice verbatim. It is probable +that similar rules and regulations will be incorporated in the forestry +laws of other states and countries. + +An attendant was employed at the camp who answered the numerous +questions as to where the various articles of furniture and decoration +might be obtained. Much information was also sought by visitors in +relation to the Adirondack forests and the summer resorts of New York in +general. + +This sportsman's camp was the only exhibit of the kind shown at the +Fair. Sportsmen and lovers of life in the woods from all parts of the +land visited it; many were ecstatic in its praises; some complimented it +by saying it was the most artistic feature of the whole forestry, fish +and game exhibit. It was photographed perhaps more than one hundred +times during the season and in one instance by nine different persons on +a single day. + + +ANIMALS AND BIRDS + +The fur and game animals and birds of the State were represented by +mounted specimens prepared by professional taxidermists. In many +instances they were shown in pairs, male and female. + +The space in front of the camp and also at one side was inclosed by a +rustic fence built of round spruce. In the yard at the side was placed a +tree about twelve feet high, and under it was prepared an artificial +ground work in imitation of a woodland area after a recent snow storm. +In and about this tree, and forming a part of the picture, were placed +in position, as true to life and natural conditions as possible, +specimens of practically all of the birds that remain with us during the +winter season, as follows: + +Bald Eagle +Golden Eagle +Osprey +Red-tailed Hawk +Cooper Hawk +Marsh Hawk +Ruffed Grouse +Spruce Grouse +Quail +Kingfisher +Three-toed Woodpecker +Pileated Woodpecker +Goshawk +Red-shouldered Hawk +Sharp-shinned Hawk +Broad-winged Hawk +Rough-legged Hawk +Duck Hawk, +Gray Gyrfalcon +Snow Owl +Barred Owl +Great-horned Owl +Long-eared Owl +Short-eared Owl +Acadian Owl +Screech Owl +Great Gray Owl +Hawk Owl +Barn Owl +Richardson Owl +Hairy Woodpecker +Downy Woodpecker +Flicker +Pine Grosbeak +Red-winged Crossbill +White-winged Crossbill +Redpoll +Blue Jay +Horned Lark +Lapland Longspur +English Sparrow +Winter Wren +Chickadee +Northern Shrike +Snowflake +Moose Bird +Raven +Crow + + +SONG AND PERCHING BIRDS + +In and about another tree placed in front of the camp were shown +practically all of the song and perching birds of the State other than +the ones shown in the winter scene at the side of the camp. The birds in +this collection were as follows: + +Cardinal +Summer Tanager +Scarlet Tanager +Yellow-billed Cuckoo +Black-billed Cuckoo +Red-headed Woodpecker +Red-bellied Woodpecker +Yellow-bellied Sapsucker +King Bird +Cat Bird +Towhee +Robin +Meadow Lark +Prairie Horned Lark +Baltimore Oriole +Orchard Oriole +Whip-poor-will +Night Hawk +Pigeon Hawk +Sparrow Hawk +Mourning Dove +Rose-breasted Grosbeak +Evening Grosbeak +Purple Finch +Red-winged Blackbird +Rusty Blackbird +Bobolink +Mocking Bird +Starling +Purple Grackle +Humming Bird +Yellow-breasted Chat +Blue-gray Gnatcatcher +Tufted Titmouse +Brown Creeper +House Wren +Marsh Wren +Brown Thrasher +Wood Thrush +Hermit Thrush +Wilson Thrush +Water Thrush +Chimney Swift +Bank Swallow +Rough-winged Swallow +Cliff Swallow +Barn Swallow +Song Sparrow +Tree Sparrow +Blue Bird +Indigo Bunting +Ruby-crowned Kinglet +Golden-crowned Kinglet +Oven Bird +Yellow Throat +Goldfinch +Bohemian Waxwing +Cedar Waxwing +Phoebe +Wood Pewee +White-eyed Vireo +Blue-headed Vireo +Yellow-throated Vireo +Warbling Vireo +Black and White Warbler +Worm-eating Warbler +Myrtle Warbler +Prairie Warbler +Palm Warbler +Tennessee Warbler +Black-throated Blue Warbler +Cerulean Warbler +Prothonotary Warbler +Blackburnian Warbler +Black-throated Green Warbler +Hooded Warbler +Golden-winged Warbler +Connecticut Warbler +Mourning Warbler +Canadian Warbler +Blue-winged Warbler +Chipping Sparrow +Field Sparrow +Swamp Sparrow +Ipswich Sparrow +White-crowned Sparrow +Olive-sided Flycatcher +Yellow-bellied Flycatcher +Loggerhead Shrike +Purple Martin +Cow Bird +Pine Warbler +Kentucky Warbler +Nashville Warbler +Parula Warbler +Cape May Warbler +Yellow Warbler +Black-poll Warbler +Red-breasted Nuthatch +Brown-headed Nuthatch + + +GAME BIRDS + +In cabinets within an inclosure near the camp were shown our game birds, +such as the web-footed wild fowl and shore birds which may be hunted, +grouse, marsh birds or waders, and water or sea birds, as follows: + + +_Wild Ducks and Geese_ + +American Merganser +Red-breasted Merganser +Hooded Merganser +Mallard +Pintail +Black Duck +Widgeon +Green-winged Teal +Blue-winged Teal +Shoveler +Wood Duck +Redhead +Canvas-back +Broadbill +Lesser Scaup Duck +Whistler +Buffle-head +Ruddy Duck +Old Squaw +Harlequin +American Eider +King Eider +Black Coot +Sea Coot +White-winged Scoter +Canada Goose +Greater Snow Goose +Blue Goose +White-fronted Goose +Brant +Whistling Swan + + +_Shore Birds_ + +Woodcock +Wilson Snipe +Upland Plover +Black-bellied Plover +Golden Plover +Semi-palmated Plover +Belted Piping Plover +Wilson Plover +Piping Plover +Killdeer +Willett +Greater Yellow Legs +Summer Yellow Legs +Turnstone +Red Phalarope +Northern Phalarope +Avocet +Oyster Catcher +Long-billed Curlew +Jack Curlew +Hudsonian Godwit +Sanderling +Black-necked Stilt +Dowitcher +Knot +Stilt Sandpiper +Solitary Sandpiper +Spotted Sandpiper +Red-backed Sandpiper +White-rumped Sandpiper +Least Sandpiper +Buff-breasted Sandpiper + + +_Grouse, etc._ + + +Ruffed Grouse +Quail +Spruce Grouse +Mongolian Pheasant +English Pheasant + + +_Marsh Birds or Waders_ + +Great Blue Heron +Little Green Heron +Black-crowned Night Heron +Yellow-crowned Night Heron +Egret +Brown Pelican +Bittern +King Rail +Virginia Rail +Yellow Rail +Clapper Rail +Carolina Rail +Little Black Rail +Florida Gallinule +Mud Hen + + +_Water or Sea Birds_ + +Loon +Black-throated Loon +Red-throated Loon +Horned Grebe +Holboel Grebe +Pied-billed Grebe +Puffin +Dovekie +Cormorant +Double-crested Cormorant +Black Guillemot +Brunnich Murre +Paresitic [*sic] Jaegar +Kittiwake +Gannet +Black Skimmer +Sooty Shearwater +Great Black-backed Gull +Ring-billed Gull +Claucus Gull +Herring Gull +Laughing Gull +Bonapart Gull +Black Tern +Gull-billed Tern +Wilson Tern +Roseate Tern +Least Tern +Black-capped Petrel +Leach Petrel +Wilson Petrel + + +FUR AND GAME ANIMALS + +All of our fur and game animals were represented as follows: + +White-tail or Virginia Deer +Black Bear +Lynx +Wild Cat +Red Fox +Gray Fox +Beaver +Raccoon +Skunk +Otter +Fisher +Cottontail Rabbit +Martin +Mink +Black Squirrel +Gray Squirrel +Red Squirrel +Fox Squirrel +Flying Squirrel +Chipmunk +Musk Rat +Opossum +Varying Hare +Porcupine + +Our deer were represented by a fine buck, a doe mounted in a reclining +position, and a small white doe. Arranged among bushes in the snow scene +at the side of the camp this family was most lifelike and pleasing in +appearance. White deer are very unusual, but not unnatural. One of them +is killed in this State about every two years. + +Moose and elk are introduced animals with us now, and, as it is illegal +to kill any, life size specimens could not well be shown. However, very +good heads were exhibited as a part of the decoration of the camp. +Albinos of muskrat and porcupine were exhibited. Such freakish specimens +attract more attention than those of usual growth. + + +RARE SPECIES + +In addition to the animals scheduled above were specimens of some +species that are probably extinct in the Adirondacks, viz., a gray wolf +and a panther. The gray wolf was an excellent specimen loaned by General +E. A. McAlpin, of New York city. It was killed about eight years ago on +his preserve in the northern part of Hamilton county, and none have been +seen since. The panther was killed about twenty-eight years ago by Hon. +Verplanck Colvin in the southern part of Hamilton county, and is the +last one heard of in the State of New York. The black bear was an +unusually fine specimen, killed in Sullivan county. It was mounted to +order by Mr. Fred Sauter, of New York city, for this exhibit, and +without doubt was the best representative of this species at the Fair. +Experts in the art of taxidermy and naturalists were enthusiastic in its +praise. + +The great blue heron was loaned by Mr. Grant E. Winchester, of Saranac +Inn. It was a very good specimen and was mounted by Mr. H. H. Miner, of +Saranac Lake, N. Y. + +The animals were placed about the camp under the trees in connection +with the collection of birds in positions as true to life as possible in +the available space, making a picture of woodland life delightful to the +eye and interesting to every person that visited the Palace of Forestry, +Fish and Game. + + +FISH + +The fish exhibit consisted of eighty-six mounted specimens, representing +seventy-two species, most of them prepared specially for this display by +the best workmen in the country. Substantially all the food and game +fish were shown. In preparing this collection no attempt, with one +exception, was made to show abnormally large specimens. The intention +was to show the average fish true to life in color, size and contour. +Both fresh and salt water species were represented. The collection, +which is undoubtedly the best in the country, comprised the following +species: + +Sea Lamphrey +Common Sturgeon +Short-nosed Sturgeon +Horned Pout +Long-nose Sucker +Common Sucker +Hog Sucker +Golden Sucker +Fallfish +Carp +Eel +Sea Herring +Hickory Shad +Frostfish +Common Whitefish +Smelt +Tullibee +Atlantic Salmon +Red-throat Trout +Brown Trout +Rainbow Trout +Lake Trout +Brook Trout +Grayling +Pickerel +Northern Pike +Shad +Menhaden +Spanish Mackerel +Pompano +Bluefish +Crappie +Calico Bass +Rock Bass +Sunfish +Small-mouth Black Bass +Large-mouth Black Bass +Wall-eyed Pike +Weakfish +Red Drum +Kingfish +Tautog +Rosefish +Tomcod +Haddock +Ling +Cusk +Summer Flounder +Flatfish +Muscallonge +Northern Muscallonge +Striped Mullet +Common Mackerel +Bonito +Sauger +Yellow Perch +White Bass +Striped Bass +White Perch +Sea Bass +Scup +Spotted Weakfish +Croaker +Bergall +Spadefish +Whiting +Cod +Burbot +Hake +Halibut +Sand Dab +Gar Pike + + +In addition to the above-mentioned specimens there was shown an +interesting collection of shell fish, including different varieties of +oysters, together with the enemies of the same, such as the drill and +starfish. A number of exhibits showing curiosities of oyster growth were +in this collection. + +The fish were displayed in six cabinets constructed to order for the +exhibit. They were lined with black plush, thus forming a strong +contrast with the colors of the various pieces. + +The land-locked salmon mentioned above is one of the finest pieces +extant, not only in relation to size but also in the mounting of the +same. It is owned by Hon. J. P. Allds, Norwich, N. Y., and was kindly +loaned by him for this exhibit. + +A great northern pike that weighed twenty-five pounds when caught was in +the collection. It was loaned by Mr. Ferris J Meigs, of New York city, +and was caught in Follensbee pond, in the Adirondacks, by Miss Juliet +Wilbur Tompkins in 1902. This is the largest pike, sometimes erroneously +called pickerel, within the knowledge of the Forest, Fish and Game +Commission. + + +GENERAL NOMENCLATURE + +All the specimens of animals, birds and fish were properly and uniformly +labeled, giving the names the various species are generally known by, +and also the scientific nomenclature adopted by naturalists. The +importance of this matter of nomenclature was demonstrated very early +during the Fair. The song birds being very small no labels were placed +upon them at first, as the labels were in some instances larger than the +birds. The fact that visitors examining the specimens would often search +for the attendant in order to obtain information as to the names of the +different birds exhibited proved the necessity of clearly labeling all +specimens. On the other hand there seemed to be a general +misunderstanding as to some species of fish, various names being applied +to the same species. Visitors were constantly requesting information on +these points. The northern pike are by many people called pickerel and +sometimes when in water with pickerel are mistaken for muscallonge. The +distinguishing marks were frequently explained to interested visitors. + + +FORESTRY + +One of the most scientific and practical features of the New York +exhibit was that made by the Forestry department. It was prepared to +show the method by which the Forestry Commission is reforesting large +areas of State land that have been denuded by repeated fires. + + +A FOREST NURSERY + +The most important part of this was a fully appointed forest nursery, +located out of doors close to the northeast corner of the Forest, Fish +and Game building. Its neat rustic fence, made of white cedar poles, +enclosed an area Of 7,200 square feet (120 feet long by 60 wide) and +contained about 80,000 little trees alive and green. The soil being of +heavy clay, it was covered to the depth of six inches with good loam +before any seeds were sown. + +About one-third of the nursery was arranged in beds each sixteen feet +long by four feet wide with paths three feet in width. In two of these +beds seeds were sown of Scotch pine, Norway spruce, hardy catalpa and +American elm, half a bed being given to each species. The seeds were +sown about the first of May. They germinated well, and the little trees +grew thriftily, the catalpa reaching a height of eighteen inches before +the Fair closed. A bed of Norway pine showed the plants on half the bed +crowded together in a thick mat as if grown from seed sown broadcast; on +the other half arranged as if from seed sown in rows across the bed, +both methods of sowing seed being followed in actual practice. Four beds +were given to two-year-old plants--Norway spruce, white pine, European +larch and Scotch pine. These were also arranged as if grown from seed +sown broadcast. + +These beds, excepting the seed bed for broad-leaf species, were all +shaded with neat screens made of lath to shelter the tender plants from +the hot rays of the southern sun. + +In actual nursery work, after conifers have remained in the seed bed for +two years, they are transplanted into other beds, being spaced four or +five inches apart, where they remain for two or three years more before +they are placed finally in the forest. Six beds were devoted to showing +this feature of nursery work. For this purpose four-year-old plants were +used, of the following species Norway pine, Norway spruce, white spruce, +white pine, European larch and Scotch pine. + +A sample plantation which occupied nearly half the nursery showed how +the plants are, in actual practice, placed in the forest. White pine, +Norway spruce and Scotch pine were the species used. These were about +three feet high and were spaced about four feet apart. + +To show how the broad-leaf species are raised for shade trees, for +planting along the highways of the State, for farmers' wood lots, for +sugar groves and hardwood forests, ten drills, stretching entirely +across the nursery between the beds and the sample plantation, were +planted with scarlet oak, red oak, honey locust, hard or sugar maple, +red or soft maple, basswood, white ash, black walnut and hardy catalpa, +a row being given to each species. These were one year old and were +spaced about six inches apart. + +The names of the species were printed plainly on neat board labels ten +inches long by five inches broad. The nursery was kept free from weeds, +and was watered each evening during a long drought which began about the +first of September and continued till the Fair closed. + +Thousands of people visited the nursery, attracted to it not only by the +beauty of the small green trees arranged in such interesting manner, but +also because of the instruction it afforded in the science of forestry. +Foresters, botanists, seedsmen, and others interested in trees in a +scientific or practical way, many of whom were from abroad, gave the +nursery close scrutiny. + +The forester in charge who prepared the nursery, Mr. A. Knechtel, +B.S.F.E., of Albany, N. Y., was kept constantly busy answering the +numerous questions not only concerning the exhibit, but also in regard +to the important work being done by the Forestry Department in restoring +the forests upon the denuded non-agricultural lands of the State. + +In a corner of the nursery stood two interesting cross-sections of white +pine and white spruce, twenty-three inches and sixteen inches in +diameter respectively, each having forty annual rings plainly visible, +showing that in forty years, under favorable conditions, trees of these +species can be grown from seed to the given diameters. + + +FORESTRY TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS + +Within the building were exhibited thirty-nine instruments and tools +used in forestry practice, a collection of the seeds of eighty-four +native forest trees of the State, and the photographs of eighty of our +more important trees showing the same in leaf and in winter. In +connection with each pair of photographs was a life size illustration of +the bark of the tree, together with specimens of the leaf, flower and +fruit. + + +INSECTS AFFECTING FOREST AND SHADE TREES + +The exhibit of insects affecting forest and shade trees was prepared by +E. P. Felt, D.Sc., New York State Entomologist, and was a small, though +representative collection, designed to show the life, history and habits +in particular of the more injurious forms of insects affecting shade and +forest trees in New York State. A special effort was made to depict, so +far as possible, the life, history, habits and methods of work of the +forms possessing economic importance and to show whenever possible the +natural enemies of value in keeping these species in control. This +collection was arranged in a specially designed case having a series of +three nearly horizontal trays thirty-seven and one-half inches by +eighteen and one-half inches upon each side, and an elevated central +portion bearing two nearly perpendicular ones upon each side, the middle +being occupied by a glass case containing an attractive natural group. A +brief account of the exhibit under appropriate heads is as follows: + +_Insect galls_. This collection, occupying two nearly perpendicular +trays and representing the work of fifty-three species, was devoted to +the peculiar and varied vegetable deformities produced by insects. These +structures are always of great popular interest, and the insects causing +the same present biologic problems of unusual attractiveness. + +_Forest insects_. The species affecting forest trees in particular +were exhibited in three horizontal trays occupying one side of the case. +This section was devoted principally to representing the biology and +methods of work of this exceedingly important group. + +_Shade-tree insects_. Like that representing forest insects, the +exhibit of shade-tree pests was very largely biologic. It occupied three +horizontal trays and a nearly vertical one of the exhibit case, and was +devoted to species which are destructive largely on account of their +depredations upon shade trees. + +_Adirondack insects_. This was a small collection occupying one of +the nearly perpendicular trays, and comprised over one hundred species. +This portion of the exhibit represented the more characteristic forms +occurring in the Adirondacks. + +_Natural group of forest insects_. This group occupied the central +glass box and contained thirty-one species of insects or representations +of their work upon wax models of their food plants, namely, white birch, +red oak, elm and maple. Eleven species of beetles, fifteen of +butterflies and moths, two of the bee family and three of the bug family +were to be seen upon the plants or on the ground at their base. This +group gave an excellent idea of the appearance of insects when amid +their natural surroundings. + + +COLORED PLATES + +A series of quarto and octavo colored plates illustrating the work and +various stages of some of the more important depredators upon forest and +shade trees, was exhibited in two double-faced frames attached to the +top of this case. The more important insects included in this group were +the following: Sugar maple borer, elm snout beetles, twig girdler or +twig pruner, white marked tussock moth, gypsy moth, brown tail moth, bag +worm, forest tent caterpillar, elm leaf beetle, oyster scale, scurfy +bark louse, San Jose scale, elm bark louse, cottony maple scale. One +plate was devoted to characteristic insects affecting oak, and another +to those depredating upon hard pine. + + +SPECIMENS OF NATIVE WOODS + +The forest product of the State was represented by a collection of +specimens of all the native woods of New York, built into panel work, +showing both sides. Each species was represented by two specimens and +each of the four surfaces was finished in a different manner. One +surface was highly polished, one oiled, one planed and one rough. +Ninety-one species of native and nine species of introduced woods were +exhibited in this manner. Displaying the several species in four +different ways enabled the discriminating observer to study and compare +the various woods profitably. The manner of labeling was greatly +appreciated. Some students copied all the labels, each spending many +hours on this task. + +The kinds of timber that grow in this State from which a five-inch board +can be sawed and which were represented as described, are as follows: + +Cucumber Tree +Tulip Tree +Basswood +Linden +Holly +Striped Maple +Hard Maple +Silver Maple +Red Maple +Box Elder +Staghorn Sumach +Kentucky Coffee Tree +Honey Locust +Red or Canada Plum +Wild Plum +Green Ash +Sassafras +American Elm +Rock Elm +Slippery Elm +Wild Red Cherry +Wild Black Cherry +Wild Crab Apple +Mountain Ash +Cockspur Thorn +Black Haw +Scarlet Fruited Thorn +Shad Bush +Witch Hazel +Sweet Gum +Flowering Dogwood +Pepperidge +Persimmon +Black Ash +White Ash +Red Ash +Scarlet Oak +Black Oak +Pin Oak +Jack Oak +Hackberry +Red Mulberry +Sycamore +Butternut +Black Walnut +Bitternut +Shagbark Hickory +Mockernut Hickory +Pignut Hickory +King Nut Hickory +Small Fruited Hickory +White Oak +Post Oak +Burr Oak +Chestnut Oak +Chinquapin Oak +Yellow Oak +Swamp White Oak +Red Oak +White Pine +Red Pine +Pitch Pine +Jersey Pine +Yellow Pine +Jack Pine +Tamarack +White Poplar +Crack Willow +Weeping Willow +Lalanthus +Chestnut +Beech +Ironwood +Blue Beech +Black Birch +Yellow Birch +White Birch +Red Birch +Canoe Birch +Yellow Willow +Black Willow +Peach Willow +Aspen +Large Toothed Poplar +Swamp Cottonwood +Balm of Gilead +Cottonwood +Red Cedar +White Cedar +Arbor Vitae +Black Spruce +Red Spruce +White Spruce +Hemlock +Balsam +Lombardy Poplar +Wild Apple +Yellow Locust +Horse Chestnut +Blue Willow + +These specimens of wood were built into panel work in seven frames of +the following seven species of wood, respectively: + +Maple +Cherry +Chestnut +Rock Elm +White Oak +Black Ash +Black Birch + + +LABELING OF SPECIMENS + +Each specimen was labeled on both sides, with the common or popular name +and also the botanical name. Most of the pieces were from a collection +that the Commission exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1900, which was +there awarded a gold medal. In preparing the exhibit the collection was +enlarged so as to represent all our native woods, and built into new +frame work of substantial and attractive design. + + +WOOD PULP + +A complete collection of the several kinds of wood pulp manufactured in +New York was also a part of the exhibit, as follows: + +Ground Spruce pulp +Sulphite Spruce pulp +Sulphite Balsam pulp +Sulphite Poplar pulp +Sulphite Basswood pulp +Pulverized Pine pulp +Pulverized Poplar pulp + +Ground and sulphite pulp is used in the manufacture of paper and many +household articles of utility. Pulverized pulp is used in making +linoleum and dynamite. + +Although wood pulp was shown in some other exhibits, no one else made +any attempt to show a complete collection of all the various kinds of +pulp manufactured. + +Articles of utility made of pulp, such as wash tubs, pails, measures, +cups, pitchers, etc., fifty-three pieces in all, were shown in +connection with the display of pulp. + + +BY-PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST + +By-products of the forest were also displayed on a piece of circular +shelving with a suitable caption. The articles in this collection were +as follows: + +Crude wood alcohol +Refined wood alcohol +Columbian spirits +Acetic acid +Refined acetic acid +Glacial acetic acid +Acetate of lime +Gray acetate of lime +Pine needle extract +Light wood tar +Heavy wood tar +Creosote +Tannic acid +Pine pitch +Spruce gum (raw) +Refined spruce gum +Basswood honey +Black walnuts +Wood ashes +Charcoal +Chestnuts +Hickory nuts +Beechnuts +Hazel nuts +Maple sugar (cakes) +Maple lozenges +Maple kisses +Maple sugar (pulverized) +Maple syrup +Mocker nuts +Butter nuts +Sassafras +Witch hazel + +There was no other exhibit of this nature at the Fair. + + +SUMMER RESORTS + +On one side of the space occupied by the exhibit was a high wall which +was covered with green burlap. On this wall were three groups of large +photographs, one of the Thousand Islands, one of Adirondack and one of +Catskill scenery. + +In the Thousand Island group in addition to a collection of typical +island scenery, was a large picture of the Thousand Island House at +Alexandria Bay, N. Y., furnished by the owner, O. G. Staples; a picture +of the Hotel Frontenac on Round Island loaned by the owner, and a very +large colored picture of the excursion steamer "Ramona," on tour through +the islands, loaned by the Thousand Island Steamboat Company, Cape +Vincent, N. Y. + +The Catskill pictures consisted of photographs of mountain scenery and +waterfalls, prepared specially for this exhibit. A fine group of scenes +was furnished by the Catskill Mountain Railroad of Catskill, N. Y., +showing the Otis Elevated road, the Mountain House, etc. + +The group of Adirondack views contained pictures of a number of the +largest hotels in that region, and collections of mountain and water +scenery. One group was of Lake George scenery. A large picture of +Wawbeek Hotel, on Upper Saranac Lake, was furnished by J. Ben Hart, of +Wawbeek, N. Y. The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company kindly loaned a +large panoramic picture of Lake Placid and mountains of that locality. + +Many of these pictures were in colors. They were appreciated by a great +number of people that had visited the several summer resorts +represented. + + +AN OPEN HUNTING CAMP + +A model of a hunting camp of the open style, of which there are many in +the Adirondacks, was displayed. It was constructed of spruce with the +bark on, and the floor was covered with balsam boughs, which exhaled a +delightful odor noticeable several yards from the camp. + +A large rustic table made of a cross section of a cedar tree with the +roots of a tree for the standard and legs of the table, was loaned by +Mr. Ferris J. Meigs, of Tupper Lake, N. Y. The tree from which the cross +section was taken showed by its growth of rings that it was more than +four hundred years old. + + +DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE + +For the purpose of making this State Forestry, Fish and Game exhibit, +the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Commission generously set aside the +sum of $18,000. Being unable to secure as much space as was needed, and +for the additional reason that the salaries of some of the persons +collaborating on the exhibit were provided for in another manner, it was +not necessary to use all of the funds available. + +Dividing the disbursements into ten representative accounts, the amount +expended was as follows: +Animals and birds ------------------------- $2,211 56 + Fish ---------------------------------- 1,792 51 + Insects ------------------------------- 644 52 + Plants for nursery, etc. -------------- 392 69 + Woods, instruments, by-products, etc. - 1,119 28 + Sportsman's Camp and furnishings ------ 1,507 92 + Wall pictures ------------------------- 278 93 + Freight and express ------------------- 697 10 + Installation -------------------------- 2,481 76 + Maintenance and repacking ------------- 3,717 81 + ------------ +Total ------------------------------------- $14,844 08 + ------------ + +Had the exhibit been prepared without recourse to materials on hand and +by a separate force paid from the funds of the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition Commission it would have undoubtedly cost the State not less +than $20,000, but the fact that considerable material was available from +former exhibits, and from the office of the Forest, Fish and Game +Commission, and the further fact, as above stated, that some of the +collaborators received their compensation from the funds of that +Commission, enabled the State to make the elaborate and exhaustive +exhibit that it did in this department at the figures shown above. + + +THE ROSTER + +The exhibit was prepared under the direction of Colonel William F. Fox, +Superintendent State Forests. + +Following is a roster of the persons employed at the exhibit: + +Arthur B. Strough, Special Agent in charge +Abraham Knechtel, Forester +Charles C. Hembree, Attendant +Victor Mahlstedt, Gardener + + +AWARDS + +The awards were all conferred upon the Forest, Fish and Game Commission +or upon State officials. The juries in the Departments of Forestry, Fish +and Game were made up of eminent specialists, and their work was done in +a thorough and painstaking manner. They expressed themselves in +complimentary terms on the various features of the exhibit, and the +result of their deliberations cannot but be gratifying to all who are +interested in the advanced work of the Empire State in forestry, in +forest preserves and in the protection of our native fish and game. + +_List of the Awards Classified Under the Several Groups of the +Official Classification_ + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED TWELVE + +_Appliances and Processes Used in Forestry_ + +Collective exhibit of progressive forestry. Grand prize + Seeds of the trees + Instruments and tools used in forestry + Forest nursery and demonstration plantation + Photographs + Native trees with botanical specimens + Forest insects + +William F. Fox, for services in the forestry exhibit. Gold medal +Arthur B. Strough, for services in forestry exhibit. Silver medal +Abraham Knechtel, for services in forestry exhibit. Silver medal +E. P. Felt, D. Sc., for services in entomological exhibit, forest +insects. Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTEEN + +_Products of the Cultivation of Forests_ + +Model sportsman's camp and outfit. Gold medal +Exhibit of woods, by-products, etc. Grand prize +William F. Fox, for services on sportsman's camp exhibit. Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-ONE + +_Products of Hunting_ + +Collective exhibit of animals and birds. Gold medal +Arthur B. Strough, for services on game and sporting exhibit. + Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-TWO + +_Fishing Equipment and Products_ + +Collective exhibit of fish. Grand prize +John D. Whish, for making collection of fish. Silver medal + +A summary of the awards is as follows: +Three grand prizes +Three gold medals +Six silver medals + +The exhibit in this department differed somewhat from the State exhibits +in other departments in that, with the exception of a very few articles, +which were loaned by private parties to complete or supplement the +collections, the showing was exclusively a State exhibit. + + +SOME SURPRISING FACTS + +The exhibit as a whole was immensely popular from the very first day. +The people visiting the Exposition were largely from the southern and +middle western states, and seemed very generally to believe that New +York's forests, fish and game has passed away with the advance of +civilization. Most of them were greatly surprised to learn that +one-fourth of the State is wild land, which will in all probability +always be devoted largely to forests, and that the State has so many +wild deer that 6,000 of them are killed annually without any apparent +decrease of the number. + +The sportsman's camp served the purpose of advertising the great +Adirondack region as a summer resort, and a great many visitors +expressed their intention of visiting that locality in the near future. + +Probably one of the best features of the exhibit was the work shown by +the Commission in progressive forestry. This State being in the van of +the forestry movement was looked to to point out the path of +professional forestry, and if no other award had been made than the +grand prize by the scientific jury that served in that Department, we +would feel as though our efforts has been appreciated and that our +labors had not been in vain. + + +[Illustration: IGOROTE VILLAGE, PHILIPPINE RESERVATION] + + + +CHAPTER XIV + +Mines and Metallurgy Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +MINES AND METALLURGY EXHIBIT By H. H. HINDSHAW Special Agent of the +State Museum + +[Illustration] + +As in previous expositions at which the State of New York has been an +exhibitor, the scientific exhibits were made through the organization of +the State Museum. Dr. F. J. H. Merrill, the director of the museum, +assigned to the writer the duty of preparing the exhibit to be made +under his direction. The available time and money entered largely into +the settlement of the question of what form the exhibit should take. + + +SCOPE OF EXHIBIT + +It was thought best to confine the scope of the main exhibit to the +technologic and commercial aspects of geology and mineralogy. A +judicious selection of materials made to show the mineral wealth of the +State was considered more desirable than to make merely a large display. +Many of the materials exhibited were taken from the State Museum +collections, supplemented where necessary by such additions as could be +obtained within the required time. + +The benefit derived by the State from such exhibits is often much more +apparent than that which is to be derived by the individual exhibitors, +and on this account the Commission is particularly indebted to those +firms and individuals which went to considerable expense in preparing +exhibits along lines which were intended more to represent all phases of +an industry rather than to show the products of a single firm. + +Those deserving especial mention in this connection are The Solvay +Process Company, of Syracuse; The H. H. Mathews Consolidated Slate +Company, of Boston; the Helderberg Cement Company, of Howes Cave; The +Hudson River Bluestone Company, of New York; the Medina Sandstone +Company, of New York, and the United States Gypsum Company, of Chicago. + + +INSTALLATION + +The cases used were taken from the museum, and suitable stands for the +building stone and other exhibits were constructed in Albany. On account +of the weight of the specimens exhibited the floor had to be +strengthened. This work, as well as the building of platforms and +partitions, was done under contract by Messrs. Caldwell and Drake. + +The exhibits of mineral resources may be divided into the metallic and +non-metallic groups. + + +IRON + +In the first division in our State, iron is by far the most important +and probably the one with which the people of the State are least +acquainted. A few years ago New York stood near the head of the iron +producing states. The depression in the iron industries, commencing +about 1888, and the discovery about that time of the seemingly +inexhaustible deposits of rich ores in the Lake Superior region, +however, resulted in shutting down nearly all of our mines. For the last +few years little attention has been paid to them, and they seem to have +been popularly supposed to have been worked out. The Exposition gave an +opportunity of showing this supposition to be incorrect, and recent +investigations show that the deposits are of much greater extent and +value than was known in the eighties. With but one or two exceptions +none of the mines then worked are exhausted, and immense bodies of +valuable ore have not been touched. Most of the non-mining localities +were represented by specimens from the museum collections. Messrs. +Witherbee, Sherman & Company exhibited a series of ores and concentrates +from Mineville, the Arnold Mining Company, magnetites and martite from +Arnold Hill, and the Chateaugay Ore and Iron Company, specimens from +Lyon Mountain. + + +MAGNETITE + +A series of magnetite and associated rocks from the Tilly Foster and +other mines were supplemented by a model of the Tilly Foster mine which +was loaned to the museum for this purpose by the Columbia School of +Mines. + + +HEMATITES + +The St. Lawrence and Jefferson county hematites were represented by +large specimens of ore and by a series of associated rocks and minerals, +including some beautiful specimens of millerite, chalcedite, etc. These +hematites are mined in a belt about thirty miles long reaching from +Philadelphia, Jefferson county, into Hermon, St. Lawrence county. They +are known as the Antwerp red hematites, and, being very easily smelted, +are mixed with more refractory ores. + +The Clinton or fossil ores extend in a belt across the central part of +the State and are mined in the vicinity of Clinton, Oneida county, and +in Ontario and Wayne counties. + +The limonites shown from Dutchess and Columbia counties included some +fine specimens of stalactitic ore. + +Carbonate ores were shown from Columbia and Ulster counties, where there +are extensive deposits on both sides of the Hudson river. + + +MAGNETIC SEPARATOR + +A feature of the iron ore exhibit was a magnetic separator supplied by +the Wetherill Separator Company, of New York. This was kept at work on +the magnetite ores from Mineville, and was of great interest not only in +showing the method of concentrating the magnetic ore, but also in saving +the phosphorus which occurs in the form of the mineral apatite and which +is of considerable value in the manufacture of fertilizers. A large +quantity of ore was donated for this purpose by Messrs. Witherbee, +Sherman & Company. + + +LEAD + +Lead, generally associated with zinc and sometimes copper, has been +mined on a small scale from very early times in Ulster and Sullivan +counties, and more recently in St. Lawrence county. Many other +localities have yielded small quantities of these minerals. + +A set of specimens was exhibited by the Ellenville Zinc Company, +consisting of strikingly beautiful crystalline masses of quartz galina, +sphalerite and chalcopyrite and specimens of the rare mineral, brookite. +There was also shown in the same case concentrates from the Ellenville +mine of lead, zinc and copper made both by jigging and by magnetic +separation, and a collection of ores and associated minerals and rocks +from Rossie and Wurtzboro. + + +NON-METALLIC MINERALS + +A large part of this exhibit consisted of construction materials, stone, +slate, brick, tiling and cement. Most of the building stone was +exhibited in the form of ten-inch cubes arranged on three pyramidal +stands. Only a few of these were especially collected for this +Exposition. Many more which were considered desirable could not be +obtained in time on account of the inclement weather conditions of the +preceding winter. + + +GRANITES + +The granitic rocks included granite, gneisses, syenites and norite. This +series only inadequately represented the New York granites. Among the +most striking examples shown were the coarse grained red granite from +Grindstone island in the St. Lawrence river, the Mohican granite from +Peekskill, Westchester county, which is being extensively used in the +Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York city, and the dark green +labradorite rock known as the Ausable granite from Keeseville, Essex +county. There are many interesting granite deposits, especially in the +Adirondack region, which have not been developed. + + +MARBLES + +The marbles included some fine examples of decorative stone from South +Dover, Dutchess county, the black marble from Glens Falls, monumental +and building marbles from Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county, and white +building marbles from southeastern New York. + + +LIMESTONES + +Limestones of excellent quality are quarried in a great number of +localities and were well represented, some of them showing as fine a +polished surface as the true marbles. + + +SANDSTONES + +The State is also rich in sandstones of good quality. The Potsdam +sandstone forms an almost complete belt around the Adirondacks and is an +excellent building stone. Its color is from white to pale red, and in +many places it is an extremely hard quartzite. Specimens were shown from +Potsdam, St. Lawrence county. + +The white sandstones of Washington county have been extensively used for +refractory purposes in the manufacture of steel, being almost free from +iron. The Medina sandstones are quarried in the neighborhood of Medina, +Albion and Lockport. While a pure white stone occurs at Lewiston, the +Medina stone is generally of a pinkish red color. It is extensively used +as a building stone, particularly in Buffalo and Rochester. It is +valuable for paving, curbing and flagging. The Medina Sandstone Company +exhibited a piece of wall work to show the various methods of finish, +including a finely carved lintel. A number of cubes were exhibited from +various quarries. + +The sandstones of southern New York occurring in the rocks of Devonian +age are generally fine grained and blue or greenish in color and are +known as bluestones. Most of the quarries are in the counties of Greene, +Ulster, Broome, Delaware and Sullivan. They are described in New York +State Museum Bulletin 61 by Harold T. Dickinson. There is a great +variety in color and physical properties of stone from these quarries. +It is used as building stone and for trimming, and some of it is +especially valuable for large platforms. A large proportion of the +output is in the form of flagging and curbstone. + +The Hudson River Bluestone Company exhibited a piece of wall built into +the base of the pyramidal stand holding the sandstone cubes. This was +designed to show the ease with which it can be worked and included some +finely carved lettering. The main entrance to the exhibit was paved with +flags and tiles of this material. + + +SLATE + +With the sandstones were shown some ten-inch cubes of slate cut from the +quarries of the H. H. Mathews Consolidated Slate Company, of Boston, +which operates a number of quarries in Washington county. The slate belt +covers an area of about 320 square miles, the larger part of which is in +Washington county, N. Y., but which extends across the line into Rutland +county, Vt. This is probably the richest slate region in the world. The +beds are of great thickness, belonging to two distinct geologic +formations. They are folded on one another in such a manner as to +present the workable beds in long parallel ridges. + +On account of its great strength and easy working qualities new uses are +constantly being found for slate. One of the most striking features of +the slate exhibit was a mantel built of rough slabs of dark red slate +showing the cross fracture to have a fine satiny texture. This was a +copy of a mantel designed by Lord & Hewlet, of New York, and built in a +Poultney, Vt., residence. The main slate exhibit consisted of a stand +supporting a slated roof, one side of which was covered with unfading +green slates one inch thick, such as were laid on Senator Clark's New +York residence. The other side was covered with rough thick slabs of +unfading red. The sides of the stand were covered with the regular trade +slates in four sections--red, green, purple and variegated. The uses of +slate for construction purposes were shown by slabs and panels on the +upper part of the stand. + + +CEMENT + +The cement exhibit was made by the Helderberg Cement Company, of Howes +Cave. One side of the exhibit stand was devoted to Portland and the +other to natural cements. Barrels and bags of finished cement formed the +base of the structure on which were glass jars containing the rock in +its stages of manufacture, with a series of photographs of the works and +of buildings of cement. On account of the rapidly extending applications +of cement a large section outside of the building was set aside for +exhibits of the uses of cement, and the exhibit was designed mainly to +show the manufacture, the materials used and the method of their +treatment. + + +GYPSUM + +Gypsum was shown by a fine series of specimens contributed by the United +States Gypsum Company from their mines in western New York. This +material, like cement, is rapidly being adapted for a variety of +purposes, especially in the finish and ornamentation of buildings, and +the exhibit, encased in one of the square plate glass museum cases with +its cut and polished cubes of raw gypsum, selenite crystals, jars of +stucco colors and examples of plaster casts, made a very attractive +exhibit. In another case there was exhibited gypsum in various forms +from other sources. + + +SALT + +The salt exhibit was made up from a very complete set of specimens in +sample jars taken from the Museum collections, and a large number of +packages from the manufacturers. The salt of New York is obtained from +the salina formation in the western part of the State. The industry is +of great importance. The deposits are described in State Museum Bulletin +11 by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill. One of the most interesting varieties shown +was the solar salt, which has been made on the Onondaga Salt +Reservation, Syracuse, since 1788. Blocks of rock salt were shown from +the Retsof and Livonia shafts. + +Most of the salt produced, however, is from wells bored down through the +rock salt beds, and is pumped up in the form of brine and evaporated by +artificial heat. + + +SOLVAY PROCESS COMPANY + +The Solvay Process Company, of Syracuse, made a splendid display of soda +ash. The plant of this company uses an immense amount of salt which is +obtained from the Tully districts and carried by pipes to Solvay. The +raw materials used were shown in the lower sections of two cases +especially constructed for the exhibit, which also held a set of barrels +and other packages in which the soda is shipped. In the upper sections +were shown a series of large glass jars with the various products. These +were supplied with a series of labels completely describing the process +of manufacture and the chemical changes which take place. Above the case +there was a set of photographs of the works, illustrating the social +life of the work-people employed and the growth of the establishment. + + +USEFUL MINERALS + +The exhibit of the useful minerals of the State was principally prepared +by H. P. Whitlock of the Museum staff. One case contained a set of the +abrasive materials, the most important of these being garnet, which is +found in great quantities in the Adirondacks. Crude garnet from several +mines, the ground and cleaned garnet, and grades of garnet paper were +shown. A small millstone to represent the celebrated Esopus grit, emery +ore from Peekskill, and quartz and sand from many localities were also +exhibited in this case. Another case was filled with feldspar, mica and +quartz, which usually occur associated with each other in the form of +pegmetite dikes in the crystalline rocks of the Adirondacks and the +Highlands of the Hudson. These materials are not as yet very extensively +mined but an increasing demand for them is bringing to light many +promising localities. + + +GRAPHITE + +Another valuable mineral which occurs in the State in great quantities +is graphite. Specimens of both the crude ore and manufactured graphite +were exhibited. The deposits of this material in the form of graphitic +limestone cover miles of territory, but more satisfactory processes for +its concentration are needed to make it available for use, especially in +the higher grades. + + +MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS + +The Museum exhibited a set of its publications on geologic subjects, a +set of published maps and maps specially prepared for this exhibit to +show the distribution of useful minerals, and a number of enlarged +photographs. + + +PALEONTOLOGY + +The exhibit of the Department of Paleontology consisted of a set of its +publications on the paleontology of the State of New York--35 +volumes--covering the period 1847-1904, and a set of wing frames with +many of the original drawings and plates used in their illustration. + + +SPECIAL FEATURES + +The most striking feature of the exhibit was an immense slab of Potsdam +sandstone from Bidwell's Crossing, Clinton county, which was part of the +premoidial or cambrian beach laid down about the shores of the +Adirondack continental nucleus. The slab shows the trails of animals +crossing in all directions, especially those known as clemactechnites, +said by Dr. J. M. Clarke to have been made by a a simple primitive type +of mollusk. The slab, weighing over fifteen tons, was moved in six +sections and put together for exhibition. + +Restorations in plaster of paris of the fossil crustaceous eurypterus +and hughmilleria were also exhibited. + + +CLAYS + +The exhibition of clays and clay products was made by the State School +of Ceramics, at Alfred, N. Y., under the direction of Professor Charles +F. Binns, and included some large vases, the work of students. + +The State of New York has long held an important place in the brick +trade on account of its unlimited quantities of clay along the Hudson +river, which have not only supplied much of the brick used for building +in New York city, but bricks have been shipped from this source long +distances by water. The finer varieties of clay have not been worked to +any extent except on Long Island, but other conditions have resulted in +the establishment of potteries at Brooklyn, Syracuse and other points, +using almost exclusively clays imported into the State. The beds of +feldspar and flint now being exploited in the Adirondacks will +materially help to put this class of potteries on a firmer basis. + +The center of the exhibition space was devoted to a pagoda designed to +show the kinds of brick manufactured in the principal localities. The +roof afforded an excellent place to exhibit earthenware tiling. + +The General Electric Company exhibited a case of insulators, many of +them of special types, from their Schenectady pottery. Insulators were +also exhibited by Pass & Seymour, of Syracuse, and the Empire China +Works, of Brooklyn. + + +PETROLEUM + +The petroleum exhibit was made under the general direction of Secretary +and Chief Executive Officer Charles A. Ball. An extensive series of +crude and refined oils and by-products occupied a case showing on both +sides. On this was installed a model of a tower and drilling machinery +such as is used in sinking oil wells. The records printed on the labels +furnished data which made an important addition to our previous +knowledge of the New York oil fields. + +In addition to those heretofore mentioned, the following gentlemen +assisted as indicated in the preparation of the exhibit, and are +entitled to no small credit for the valuable assistance rendered. + +E. E. Engelhardt was engaged in the acquisition of the salt exhibits. + +J. S. Bellamy collected the petroleum exhibit under the immediate +direction of Secretary Ball. + +C. F. Binns collected the exhibit of clay products under the immediate +direction of the State Commission. + +W. C. Richard assisted in installing the exhibit. + +Frederick Braun installed the slab of Potsdam sandstone. + +The following members of the staff of the State Museum also assisted: +H.S. Mattimore, C.A. Trask, E.C. Kenny, D.D. Luther and Joseph Morje. + +_Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Mines and Metallurgy, +with the Award, if Any, Received by Each_ + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN +_Minerals and Stones_ +Adirondack Pyrites Co., Gouverneur + Pyrites: crude and concentrates +Alfred Clay Co., Alfred Station + Brick + Tile +Algonquin Red Slate Co., Truthville + Mineral paint +Alps Oil Co., Alma + Crude oil +Applebee & Baldwin, Scio + Crude oil +Arnold Mining Co. Bronze medal + Iron ores +Attica Brick and Tile Co., Attica + Brick +Atwood & McEwen, Andover + Crude oil +J.J. Barron, Three Mile Bay + Limestone (Trenton) +H.H. Barton Son & Co., North Creek and Minerva + Garnet and garnet paper +Herman Behr & Co., North River. Silver medal + Garnet and garnet paper +Milo M. Belding, Gouverneur + Marble +Bellamy & Elliott, Scio + Crude oil +Frank Bennett, Staten Island + Diabase +J. B. Berridge, Hudson + Limestone (Helderberg) +H. Boice & Co., Rondout + Bluestone +A. F. Bouton, Roxbury + Red sandstone (Catskill) +Burhans & Brainard, Saugerties + Bluestone +Eugene Campbell, New Baltimore + Limestone (Helderberg) +Canton Marble Quarry, Canton + Marble +B. & J. Carpenter, Lockport + Limestone (Niagara) +Celadon Roofing Co., Alfred + Tile roofs +Church & Bradley, Alma + Crude oil +Church & Co., Wellsville + Crude oil +Clark, Tracey & Co., West Union + Crude oil +Conner Paint Mfg. Co + Mineral paint +Consolidated Wheatland Plaster Co., Wheatland + Gypsum + Land plaster +Corning Brick, Tile & Terra Cotta Co., Corning + Brick +Delaware Milling, Mining & Mfg. Co., Roxbury + Mineral paint +Albert Dibble, Belvidere + Bluestone +Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Ticonderoga + Graphite +Duford & Son, Chaumont + Limestone (Trenton) +Ellenville Zinc Co., Ellenville + Lead and zinc: zinc blende, chalcopyrite, galena, lead, zinc + and copper concentrates +Empire China Works, Brooklyn + Insulators +Empire Gas and Fuel Co., Ltd., Willink + Crude oil +Empire Marble Co., Gouverneur + Marble +Empire Salt Co. Silver medal + Salt +Extra Dark Marble Co., Gouverneur + Marble +Foery & Kastner, Rochester + Limestone +D. R. & H. Fogelsinger, Buffalo + Limestone (Onondaga) +Franchot Bros., Scio + Crude oil +R. Forsyth, Grindstone Island + Granite +General Electric Co., Schenectady. Gold medal + Insulators +Genesee Salt Co., Pifford + Salt +Glens Falls Co., Glens Falls + Limestone (Trenton) +Adelbert Gordon, Batchellerville + Mica + Feldspar +Gouverneur Garnet Co., Gouverneur + Garnet +J. B. Gray, Geneseo + Oil sand and crude oil +Ezra Grinnell, Port Gibson + Plaster of paris + Land plaster +Grumply Oil Co., Rexville + Crude oil +Helderberg Cement Co., Howes Cave. Gold medal + Cement +D. C. Hewitt, Amsterdam + Limestone (Calciferous) +High Falls Pyrites Co., Canton + Pyrites +Horan Bros., Medina + Sandstone +Horseheads Brick Co., Horseheads + Brick +L. W. Hotchkiss, Lewiston + Sandstone (Medina) +Hudson River Bluestone Co., Ulster county. Silver medal + Bluestone +International Graphite Co., Ticonderoga + Graphite +International Pulp Co., Gouverneur + Talc +International Salt Co., Ithaca + Salt +Interstate Conduit & Brick Co., Ithaca + Brick +Jamestown Shale Paving Brick Co., Jamestown + Brick +Jewettville Pressed Brick & Paving Co., Jewettville + Brick +R. Jones, Prospect + Graphite +J. F. Kilgour, Lordville + Bluestone +F. H. Kinkel, Bedford + Feldspar + Quartz +A. Gracie King, Garrisons + Granite +Francis Larkins, Ossining + Granite +B. B. Mason, Keeseville + Norite +Masterton & Hall, Tuckahoe + Marble +H. H. Mathews Consolidated Slate Co., Washington county. Gold + medal + Slate +G. J. McClure, Ithaca + Bluestone +J. H. McCutcheon, Lancaster + Brick +James McEwen, Wellsville + Crude oil +J. C. & A. McMurray, Olean + Brick +Medina Quarry Co., New York city. Silver medal + Sandstone +M. Mervine, Whitesville + Crude oil +Morris & Strobel, LeRoy + Limestone +Mount Eve Granite Co., Mount Eve + Granite +Mutual Gas Co., Andover + Crude oil +National Salt Co., Ithaca and Warsaw. Silver medal + Salt +National Wall Plaster Co., Fayetteville + Crude gypsum + Plaster of paris + Land plaster +James Nevins & Son, Walton + Bluestone +New York State School of Clay Working and Ceramics, Alfred +Silver medal + Clay products +New York Hydraulic Pressed Brick Co., Canandaigua + Brick +New York State Museum, Department of Paleontology. Grand +prize + General Exhibit in Paleontology, including publications, slab + of Potsdam sandstone, restorations of fossils +New York State Museum. Bronze medal + Plaster Model of Tilly Foster Iron Mine +New York State Museum. Gold medal + Publications on Geology, Mineralogy, Topography, Quarrying, + Mining, Metallurgy, Development of Water Resources, etc. +New York State Museum. Gold medal + Collection of Minerals and Building Stones +New York State Museum. Silver medal + Ten Geologic maps of the State of New York and special + parts thereof + Relief Map of New York + Hypsometric Map of New York + Road Map of New York + Sixty-four photographic enlargements illustrating New York + State mineral resources and other geological features; size, + 11 by 14 inches +New York State Museum. Silver medal + Collective Exhibit +Northern New York Marble Co., Gouverneur + Marble +North River Garnet Co., Ticonderoga + Garnet +Oakfield Plaster Manufacturing Co., Oakfield + Gypsum +Onondaga Coarse Salt Association, Syracuse. Silver medal + Solar salt +Ontario Talc Co., Gouverneur + Talc +D. Parmatir, Potsdam + Sandstone +Pass & Seymour, Syracuse + Insulators +Peter Pitkin's Sons, Portageville + Bluestone +Potsdam Sandstone Co., Potsdam + Sandstone +A. L. Pritchard, Pleasantville + Marble +Queen City Brick Co., Buffalo + Brick +Quick & Co., Alma + Crude oil +Remington Salt Co., Syracuse + Salt +Retsof Mining Co., Retsof and Livonia + Rock salt +W. Rielly, Cobleskill + Limestone +E. P. Roberts, Cortland + Granite +Robins Conveying Belt Co., New York city + Belts and conveyor on separator +Rochester Brick & Tile Co., Rochester + Brick +Rossie Metallic Paint Co., Rossie + Mineral paint +Rudolph & Dotterwich, Allegany + Crude oil +D. G. Scholten, Gouverneur. Bronze medal + Marble +Scio Oil & Gas Co., Scio + Oil sand and crude oil +C. R. Scott, Alma + Crude oil +Scott, Fuller & Fay, South Bolivar + Crude oil +George W. Searles, White Lead Lake, Herkimer county + Infusorial earth +J. Shanahan, Tribes Hill + Limestone +J. Shear & Co., Schenectady + Sandstone +Solvay Process Co., Syracuse. Grand prize + Salt products +Solvay Process Co., Syracuse + Limestone (Onondaga) +South Dover Marble Co., South Dover + Marble +St. Lawrence Marble Co., Gouverneur + Marble +A. D. Symonds, Elmira + Bluestone +The Tanite Co., Cortland + Emery +Evan T. Thomas, Prospect + Limestone +F. Thomas, Troy + Mineral paint +Loren Thomas, Waterloo + Marble +James Thornton Estate, Alma + Crude oil +Ticonderoga Graphite Co., Ticonderoga + Graphite +Tonawanda Brick Co., Tonawanda + Brick +W. B. Underhill Brick Co., Croton Landing + Sand +Union Salt Co., Watkins + Salt +Union Talc Co., Gouverneur + Talc +United States Gypsum Co., Oakfield. Grand prize + Gypsum + Statuary of plaster of paris +United States Talc Co., Gouverneur + Talc +James Van Etten, Granite + Millstones +Vosburg Oil Co., Bolivar + Oil sand and crude oil +Vossler Bros & Quick, Alma + Crude oil +Warsaw Bluestone Co., Rock Glen + Bluestone +Watertown Marble Co., Watertown + Marble +Watkins Salt Co., Watkins + Salt +Wells & Hall, Ogdensburg + Mineral paint +Wetherill Separating Co., New York city. Gold medal + Wetherill magnetic separator, Type E, No. 3, working on + New York magnetic iron ores +L. H. White, Saratoga Springs + Granite +White Crystal Marble Co., Gouverneur + Marble Ashler +Williamson & Co., Northport + Sand +Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Mineville. Silver medal + Iron ore +Worcester Salt Co., Silver Springs. Silver medal + Salt + +[Illustration: VARIED INDUSTRIES BUILDING AND PLAZA ST. LOUIS] + + + +CHAPTER XV + +Social Economy Exhibit and Schedule of Awards + + +SOCIAL ECONOMY EXHIBIT By DELANCEY M. ELLIS Director of Education and +Social Economy + + +The Department of Social Economy being closely allied with the +Department of Education, and its exhibit being installed in the Palace +of Education, it was placed under the general charge of the Director of +Education, whose title was changed to the Director of Education and +Social Economy. + + +APPROPRIATIONS + +The following appropriations were made for exhibits in this department: + +State Commission in Lunacy, ------------ $1,800 +State Board Of Charities, -------------- 1,200 +State Department Of Prisons, ----------- 2,000 +State Department Of Labor, ------------- 1,000 +Craig Colony for Epileptics, Sonyea, --- 500 +General expenses, ---------------------- 1,000 + ------- +Total, --------------------------------- $7,500 + ------- + +From the last named appropriation was paid the expenses for the exhibits +of the State Department of Health and the State Department of Excise, +and such other institutions or associations as were properly included in +this class. + + +PREPARATION OF EXHIBITS + +All of the exhibits of State Departments were prepared by the +departments contributing them, and in the case of the State Commission +in Lunacy and the State Board of Charities the exhibits were installed +by a special representative. This also is true of the exhibit of the +State Department of Prisons, which required the constant attendance of +an expert to demonstrate its workings. + +During the latter part of the Exposition period William T. Arms, an +attache of the State building, was detailed to the Department of Social +Economy, and dividing his time among the several State exhibits, added +materially to the pleasure and knowledge of visitors concerning New +York's institutions. + + +PLAN OF ARRANGEMENT + +The Exposition authorities determined that the exhibits in the +Department of Social Economy should be collective; that is, that all the +work in the Department of Charities and Corrections from whatever source +should be installed together; the same to be true of general betterment +movements, hygiene, municipal improvement, etc. This plan precluded the +installation of the State's exhibit in this department in one place with +a dignified installation, as in the other exhibit departments, and made +necessary the placing of the exhibit in several different parts of the +building according to the subdivision of the classification under which +it fell. Perhaps from the standard of general utility the arrangement +was all that could be desired, but from the standpoint of the State it +is of doubtful value, as such a disposition of the State's exhibit made +no single part of it of any considerable size, nor as impressive as had +the State's work in this department been shown together. + +No State in the Union approaches the Empire State in its progressive +policy in the care of the insane, the destitute and delinquents, in the +solving of labor and excise problems, and had the exhibit in this +department been installed together, a most effective and striking lesson +would have been taught. + + +STATE COMMISSION IN LUNACY + +The exhibit of the New York State Commission in Lunacy was the most +suggestive and comprehensive of any shown in the Department for the +Insane, and was designed primarily to show the difference between the +ancient and modern methods of treating these unfortunates. Two rooms +were shown, the first of which represented the primitive methods adopted +for treating insanity. The room was barren, dark and not over clean. At +the front was shown one of the old peep-doors taken from the Utica +Asylum. It was of massive construction and contained a small aperture +covered by a heavy wooden blind, through which the attendant could +observe the doings of the patient, or, more properly speaking, the +prisoner. Within stood one of the so-called Utica cribs built of heavy +wood, over which was a cover of wooden bars. In this crib the patient +was obliged to remain in a recumbent position, the cover closed and +locked. Near by stood a restraining chair, a whirling chair, a straight +jacket and shackles, all representing ancient methods of "quieting" the +victims of the dread disease. + +Adjoining was an airy room, clean and inviting, made cheerful by growing +plants and attractive furniture, with every modern appliance for the +care of an invalid, resembling closely a room of the better class in a +general hospital. There was an entire absence of any kind of restraint. +A neat iron bedstead, rocking chairs, invalid table, wash stand, book +case with books, and in fact every comfort and convenience was at hand. +In this room were also shown the uniforms worn by the nurses and +attendants in the State hospitals for the insane, and a series of +reference books upon the subject of insanity, The exhibit was +supplemented by a series of handsome photographs completely illustrating +the various State hospitals for the insane, the daily life of the +inmates and the expert attention which they receive. + +Glass cases contained a large amount of industrial work done by the +inmates. This chiefly consisted of sewing and embroidery. A feature of +the exhibit was an oak cabinet containing a series of specimens showing +cross sections of the brain prepared at the Pathological Institute in +New York city. It was of decided scientific value and interest. Near by +was a miniature tent hospital, a complete model of the hospital for the +care of insane patients afflicted with tuberculosis which is now in +operation at the Manhattan State Hospital, Ward's Island, N. Y. + +A striking feature was a copy of the famous oil painting, "Dr. Pinel +Freeing the Insane at La Salpètrière after the close of the French +Revolution." It most graphically told the story of the complete +revolution in treating this dread disease. + + +STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES + +The exhibit of the State Board of Charities was installed under four +different subdivisions of Group 139 (Charities and Corrections) of the +official classification. + +1. Class 784. Destitute, neglected and delinquent children +2. Class 785. Institutional care of destitute adults +3. Class 787. Hospitals, dispensaries and nursing +4. Class 789. Treatment of criminals + +The exhibit of the Board in the department for the care of juvenile +delinquents was comprehensive in its make up. Photographs of the various +State institutions devoted to this purpose were shown, clearly +demonstrating the superiority of these institutions as to buildings, +equipment and maintenance. These photographs were supplemented by an +exhibit of industrial work of the inmates. + +The State Industrial School at Rochester and the House of Refuge for +Juvenile Delinquents at Randall's Island both contributed some +exceptional work in wood carving and wrought iron. + +In addition to this were shown the uniforms worn in the different +institutions and also specimens of the scholastic work which the +children are doing. + +The State Board of Charities also assumed the responsibility for, and +partially prepared, the exhibit of various charity organization +societies within the State, by far the most elaborate of which was the +exhibit of the Charity Organization Society of New York city. By means +of photographs, administrative blanks and reports the great work which +this organization is doing was clearly revealed. + +The work of the Board in the care of destitute adults was demonstrated +by means of a complete set of photographs of the county alms houses of +the State of New York. From two to four pictures of each institution +were shown, giving a very clear idea of their scope and equipment. These +photographs were supplemented by a statistical blank containing valuable +data as to the value of the plant, number of employees, of inmates, and +such other information as would be useful to the public. + +The exhibit of the work of the Board as related to general hospitals of +the State consisted largely of a series of photographs, supplemented by +valuable statistical matter. + +The Board also prepared an exhibit from the various State prisons, the +industrial work of which is under the jurisdiction of the State Prison +Commission. This exhibit contained photographs of the members of the +State Prison Commission, photographs showing the interiors of the +different prisons, reports, etc., and revealed the fact that the Empire +State is in the front rank in inaugurating reform movements looking +toward the health, safety and moral uplift of the inmates. + + +STATE DEPARTMENT OF PRISONS + +The exhibit of the State Department of Prisons probably received as much +attention from the public as any single State exhibit prepared. It +consisted of a demonstration of the workings of the Bertillon and finger +print systems for the identification of criminals. An ornate +installation of solid oak, handsomely carved, was built by the inmates +of the State Prison at Ossining, and was carried to St. Louis and +erected upon the space assigned to this department. + +Throughout the season Captain J.H. Parke, an expert on the finger print +system, and E.E. Davis, Jr., an expert on the Bertillon system, were +present to demonstrate the workings of these systems to Exposition +visitors. But few are familiar with the operations of the Bertillon +system, and the finger print system is as yet practically unknown. + +New York State is the pioneer State of the Union in putting into +practical operation the finger print system for the identification of +criminals, and it is the only State in which it is at present in use. +Although there is a National Bureau of Identification at Washington, D. +C., which is conducted through the co-operation of the chiefs of police +of many of the large cities throughout the country, it cannot be said to +be a department of the United States government, and its system is far +from as perfect as that of the Empire State. + + +STATE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR + +Probably in no State of the Union does there exist a labor department +organized upon such extensive lines as is that of the State of New York. +Recently three bureaus were merged forming the State Department of +Labor. These were the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Board of Mediation +and Arbitration and the office of the Factory Inspector. The exhibit +consisted of a complete set of reports of these various bureaus, and of +the department erected therefrom, supplemented with a series of graphic +charts bearing upon every phase of the labor question, and comparing the +economic condition of the Empire State with that of other States of the +Union and various foreign countries. The exhibit was a valuable +sociological contribution. An especially strong feature was four +monographs, entitled "Typical Employers' Welfare Institutions in New +York," "Labor Legislation in New York," "The Work of the State +Department of Labor," and "The Growth of Industry in New York." These +were printed in such quantities as to permit of their distribution among +visitors to the Exposition. The graphic charts were reproduced in +half-tones and inserted in the monographs. + +The exhibit was carefully studied by students of sociology generally as +it is recognized that the State of New York speaks with a voice of +authority upon questions of this nature. + + +STATE DEPARTMENT OF EXCISE + +The question of controlling the liquor traffic is one of lively interest +throughout the civilized world. The exhibit of the State Department of +Excise was so prepared as to clearly demonstrate the superiority of the +system of State control in licensing this traffic as administered under +the New York State Liquor Tax Law. The exhibit consisted of a series of +graphic charts showing this statute's moral benefit to the people of the +State by reducing the number of drinking places more than twenty per +cent and increasing the amount collected from liquor licenses from about +three million to about eighteen million dollars annually. By means of a +key, which accompanied the charts, the visitor was enabled easily to +trace the development of the law since its first enactment and to see +the efficiency with which it is enforced. + + +STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH + +The exhibit of the State Department of Health was made up of a complete +set of reports of the department, supplemented by administrative blanks +used in the enforcement of the Health Law, and photographs showing the +offices of the department, the anti-toxin laboratory and other features +of the department's work. A full set of blanks used in the collection of +vital statistics and sample specimens of anti-toxin and anti-tetanus, +which are distributed without charge by the department, completed the +exhibit. + + +CRAIG COLONY + +The exhibit of Craig Colony consisted of a model designed to show the +ideal institution for the care, education and treatment of epileptics, +towards which Craig Colony in its development is working. The model was +skillfully constructed and cost considerably more than the appropriation +made by the Commission, the balance being paid from private sources. + + +MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS + +The New York State exhibit in the Department of Social Economy also +contained an exhibit of the Woman's Institute at Yonkers, a +philanthropic organization providing for the care of needy families in +their homes and promoting several general betterment movements. The +exhibit consisted of photographs, blanks and statistics bearing upon the +work of the organization. + +Close by was an exhibit of the George Junior Republic at Freeville, a +unique institution for the care of juvenile delinquents and carried on +along the lines of a civic organization. The exhibit consisted of +interesting photographs showing the buildings and the plant, also +specimens of blanks and samples of the money in use in the institution, +and a general account of the work since its inception. + +One of the most interesting exhibits was that of the Bank of New York, +New York city, which is one of the oldest banks in the United States, +having been organized in 1784 and having since enjoyed a most prosperous +career. In addition to photographs, original by-laws and figures +concerning the present condition of the bank, was exhibited the first +ledger of the institution, which contained the accounts of Aaron Burr, +Robert R. Livingston and other noted contemporaries. In addition were +shown requisitions of Alexander Hamilton, then Secretary of the +Treasury, for loans to the government, and other interesting historical +documents. + +The State Library prepared and exhibited an interesting compilation of +sociological legislation and literature which was designed to show the +advanced work done by the library in that direction. + +Exhibits were also in place from the Church Association for the +Advancement of the Interests of Labor; the Eastman Kodak Company, of +Rochester, N. Y.; the Blacksmith and Wheelwright; the Sugar Trade +Review, and a volume published by the Mercantile Publishing Company +containing a directory of manufacturers and valuable trade statistics. + +_Catalogue of Exhibitors in the Department of Social Economy, Arranged +by Groups, with the Awards, if Any, Received by Each_ + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-NINE + +_Study and Investigation of Social and Economic Conditions_ + +Blacksmith and Wheelwright, New York city. Silver medal + Publication +Church Association for the Advancement of the Interests of Labor, +New York city. Silver medal + Photographs + Statistics +Division of Sociology, New York State Library, Albany. Silver medal + A comparative index of sociological legislation and literature +Manufacturers' Publishing Company, New York city. Silver medal + Directory of Manufacturers +Willett & Gray, New York city. Silver medal + Sugar Review + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +American Book Company, New York city. Grand prize + Text books on economics +R. G. Dunn & Company, Commercial Agency New York city. Silver medal + Statistics + Photographs +Richmond C. Hill, secretary Board of Trade, Buffalo. Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY + +_Economic Resources and Organization_ + +Charles Hemstreet, New York city. Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-ONE + +_State Regulation of Industry and Labor_ + +State Department of Labor, Albany. Grand prize + Graphic charts + Reports + Monographs + +The following award was made to an exhibit not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +American Institute of Social Service, New York city. Gold medal + Charts + Photographs + Statistics + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO + +_Organization of Industrial Workers_ + +State Department of Labor, Albany. Grand prize + Graphic charts + Reports + Monographs + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-FIVE + +_Provident Institutions and Banks_ + +National Consumers' League, New York city. Grand prize + Charts + Printed matter + Garments. +Bank of New York, New York city. Grand prize + Historical ledger and documents + Statistics + By-laws + Pictures + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-SIX + +_Housing of the Working Classes_ + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +J. B. & J. M. Cornell Company. Gold medal +Model Household Nursery. Gold medal +New York city, tenement house department, Lawrence Veiller, + collaborator. Grand prize +Niagara Development Company, New York city. Silver medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-SEVEN + +_The Liquor Question_ + +State Department of Excise, Albany. Grand prize + Graphic charts + Statistics + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-EIGHT + +_General Betterment Movements_ + +National Consumers' League, New York city. Gold medal + Charts + Printed matter + Garments +New York Training School for Deaconesses. Bronze medal + Photographs + Prospectus +People's Institute, New York city. Silver medal + Photographs + Prospectus + Reports +Woman's Institute, Yonkers. Silver medal + Photographs + Charts + Statistics + Administrative blanks + Reports +Young Women's Christian Association, New York city. Silver + medal + Reports + Statistics + Administrative blanks + Art work + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +American Institute of Social Service, New York city. Grand prize +General Electric Company, Schenectady. Gold medal +Institutional charities, collective exhibit. Gold medal +Prepared and installed by American Institute of Social Service + St. Bartholomew's Church, New York city + St. George's Church, New York city + Washington Square M. E. Church, New York city + Church of the Ascension, New York city + Marcy Avenue Church, Brooklyn + Westminster Presbyterian Church, Buffalo +Mohawk and Hudson River Humane Society, Albany. Gold medal +Siegel-Cooper Company, New York city. Gold medal +J. H. Williams Company, Brooklyn. Silver medal + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Dr. William H. Tolman, New York city. Gold medal +Dr. William W. Stillman, Albany. Gold medal +Mrs. Florence Kelly, New York city. Gold medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-NINE + +_Charities and Corrections_ + +Brooklyn Bureau of Charities. Gold medal + Photographs + Statistics +Buffalo Charity Organization Society. Gold medal + Photographs + Statistics +Charity Organization Society, New York city. Grand prize + Reports + Charts + Statistics + Photographs + Maps + Administrative blanks +Cornell University, Department of Philanthropy and Finance, Ithaca. + Gold medal + Graphic charts +Craig Colony for Epileptics, Sonyea. Gold medal + Model of institution +George Junior Republic, Freeville. Gold medal + Photographs + Charts + Statistics + Reports +Manhattan State Hospital East, Ward's Island, New York city. +Gold medal + Photographs + Statistics +Newburg Associated Charities. Silver medal + Photographs + Statistics +New York City United Hebrew Charities. Gold medal + Photographs + Statistics +State Board of Charities, Albany. Grand prize + Reports + Statistics + Photographs + Industrial work + Administrative blanks +State Commission in Lunacy, Albany. Grand prize + Rooms showing ancient and modern treatment of insane + patients + Reports + Industrial work + Model tuberculosis hospital + Pathological specimens +State Commission of Prisons, Albany. Gold medal + Photographs + Reports + Statistics +State Prison Department, Albany. Grand prize + Working exhibit of Bertillon and Finger Print systems for + identification of criminals +Woman's Institute, Yonkers. Silver medal + Photographs + Charts + Statistics + Administrative blanks + Reports + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Robert W. Hebbard, Secretary State Board of Charities. Gold + medal +T. E. McGarr, Secretary State Commission in Lunacy. Gold medal +Edward T. Devine, New York city. Gold medal + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, Brooklyn. + Silver medal +Asylum of the Sisters of St. Dominie, New York city. Silver medal +Brooklyn Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Brooklyn. + Silver medal +Catholic Home Bureau, New York city. Gold medal +Children's Aid Society, New York city. Gold medal +Committee on the Prevention of Tuberculosis, New York city. Grand prize +Department of Finance, New York city. Grand prize +Department of Public Charities, New York city. Gold medal +Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, New York city. Gold medal +Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead, Peekskill. Gold medal +Lincoln Hospital and Home, New York city. Silver medal +Long Island College Hospital, New York city. Silver medal +Missionary Sisters Third Order of St. Frances, New York city. Gold medal +Mission of the Immaculate Virgin for the Protection of Homeless and + Destitute Children, New York city. Silver medal +Mount Sinai Hospital for Children, New York city. Silver medal +New York Catholic Protectory, New York city. Gold medal +New York Charity Organization Society, New York city. Grand prize +New York Foundling Hospital, New York city. Silver medal +New York Juvenile Asylum, New York city. Gold medal +New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, New York + city. Gold medal +Orphans' Home, Brooklyn. Silver medal +St. Vincent's Hospital, New York city. Silver medal +Seton Hospital, New York city. Silver medal +Sisters of Mercy, Gabriels. Gold medal + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Miss Lillian Brandt, New York city. Gold medal +Homer Folks, New York city. Gold medal +Dr. D. C. Potter, New York city. Gold medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED FORTY + +_Public Health._ + +Rochester, City Department of Health. Gold medal + Charts + Statistics + Photographs +State Department of Health, Albany. Grand prize + Reports + Administrative blanks + Photographs + Statistics + +The following award was made to a collaborator: + +Dr. George Goler, Health Officer, Rochester. Gold medal + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +Adirondack Cottage Sanitorium, Saranac Lake. Grand prize +Dr. Simon Baruch, New York city. Silver medal +Department of Health of the City of New York. Grand prize +Allen Hazen, New York city. Gold medal +Dr. S. Adolphus Knopf, New York city. Gold medal +Kny-Scheerer Company, New York city. Grand prize +Kny-Scheerer Company, Department of Natural Science, New York city. Gold + medal +Sanitorium Gabriel, Saranac Lake. Gold medal + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Dr. E. L. Trudeau, Saranac Lake. Grand prize +Herman Biggs, M. D., New York city. Gold medal + + +GROUP ONE HUNDRED FORTY-ONE + +_Municipal Improvement_ + +The following awards were made to exhibits not a part of the collective +State Exhibit: + +American Institute of Social Service. Silver medal + Photographs illustrating municipal conditions +City of New York, Art Commission. Gold medal +City of New York, Aqueduct Commission and Department of Water + Supply. Gold medal +City of New York, Children's School Farm. Silver medal +City of New York, Department of Street Cleaning. Grand prize + +The following awards were made to collaborators: + +Mrs. Ruth Ashley Hirschfield. Gold medal + Model playground and nursery +George W. Waring in recognition of services in the establishment + of the system used in the Department of Street Cleaning, New + York city. Gold medal + + +THE FOLLOWING IS A RECAPITULATION OF THE AWARDS MADE TO THE STATE OF +NEW YORK IN THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ECONOMY. + +_Grand Prize._ + +Group 129.................. 1 +Group 131.................. 1 +Group 132.................. 1 +Group 135.................. 2 +Group 136.................. 1 +Group 137.................. 1 +Group 138.................. 1 +Group 139.................. 7 +Group 139, Collaborators... 1 +Group 140.................. 4 +Group 140, Collaborators... 1 +Group 141.................. 1 + --- +Total..................... 22 + === +_Gold Medal._ + +Group 131.................. 1 +Group 136.................. 2 +Group 138................. 10 +Group 138, Collaborators... 3 +Group 139................. 18 +Group 139, Collaborators... 5 +Group 140.................. 5 +Group 140, Collaborators... 2 +Group 141.................. 4 + --- +Total..................... 50 + === + +_Silver Medal._ + +Group 129 7 +Group 130 1 +Group 136 1 +Group 138 5 +Group 139 13 +Group 140 1 +Group 141 2 + ---- + Total. 30 + ==== +_Bronze Medal._ + +Group 138 1 + === + +Grand prizes. 22 +Gold medals. 50 +Silver medals. 30 +Bronze medal. 1 + ----- + Grand total. 103 + ===== + +[Illustration: PALACE OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL ECONOMY FROM FESTIVAL +HALL] + + + +CHAPTER XVI + +Financial Statement + +EXPENDITURES + + +GENERAL ADMINISTRATION + +Secretary and Chief Executive Officer-- + salary (33 months) ---------------------------- $10,449 17 +Secretary and Chief Executive Officer-- + traveling expenses and maintenance at + St. Louis ------------------------------------- 6,528 08 +Clerk hire, assistants, stenographers, etc.------ 7,143 00 +Rent of New York office ------------------------- 450 00 +Maintenance of Albany office after close of + Exposition ------------------------------------ 550 80 +Office fixtures, desks, tables, chairs, etc. 571 19 +General traveling expenses of employees + and other officials and expense of + maintenance at St. Louis ---------------------- 3,367 38 +Printing and engraving, stationery and + office supplies, including all engraving + for functions given by Commission ------------- 4,461 98 +Express, freight, cartage, telephone (local + and long distance) and telegraph -------------- 1,481 65 +Petty cash, including postage, car fares, + messenger service, sundry supplies, etc . ----- 3,615 07 +Railroad and hotel expenses of individual + members of Commission for attendance + at meetings in New York and St. Louis: + Edward H. Harriman --------------- $321 00 + William Berri -------------------- 552 45 + Edward Lyman Bill ---------------- 828 10 + Louis Stern ---------------------- $97 80 + James H. Callanan ---------------- 1,591 38 + Frederick R. Green --------------- 768 55 + Frank S. McGraw ------------------ 880 92 + Mrs. Norman E. Mack -------------- 1,592 45 + John K. Stewart ------------------ 1,013 39 + John C. Woodbury ----------------- 1,087 40 + John Young ----------------------- 1,928 75 + Cyrus E. Jones ------------------- 35 50 + --------- $10,697 69 +Railroad, hotel and other expenses of the + Commission attending the dedication ceremonies + at St. Louis, April 30, 1903 ------------------ 1,722 80 +Railroad, hotel and other expenses of the + Commission for meeting held at St. Louis + in December, 1903 ----------------------------- 1,260 50 +Miscellaneous expenditures not included in + above ----------------------------------------- 1,565 33 + ----------- +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $53,864 64 + =========== +Receipts: + Rebate from Planters' Hotel ----------------- $60 00 + Rebate on insurance ------------------------- 369 81 + Interest on deposits of funds + in treasurer's hands ---------------------- 403 66 + ----------- +Total receipts ---------------------------------- $833 47 + =========== + + +NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION + +Caldwell & Drake, contract for construction + of building and extras ------------------------ $61,634 85 +Embellishment of building, models for + Quadrigae, statuary, coat of arms, etc., + and mural decorations ------------------------- 11,133 64 +Enlarging and placing sculpture ----------------- 5,000 00 +Organ case -------------------------------------- $3,500 00 +Furniture, carpets, shades, screens, etc. ------- 19,750 55 +Electroliers, electric fixtures, etc. ----------- 5,077 73 +Appointments, watchman's time clock, fire + protection, refrigerators, gas logs, electric + heaters, etc. --------------------------------- 1,189 90 +Landscape gardening ----------------------------- 3,694 30 +Architects' fees -------------------------------- 5,128 70 +Architects' expenses ---------------------------- 1,783 90 +Insurance on building --------------------------- 2,444 20 + ------------ +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $120,337 77 + ============ +Receipts: + Sale of building and furniture ---------------- $7,025 00 + ============ + + +NEW YORK STATE BUILDING, MAINTENANCE + +Superintendent--salary -------------------------- $1,225 00 +Hostesses and matrons--salaries ----------------- 3,232 50 +Attendants, postmaster, watchman, porters + --salaries ------------------------------------ 20,696 59 +Janitor service --------------------------------- 2,682 50 +Allowance for maintenance of superintendent, + hostesses, matrons, etc., at St. Louis ------- 1,902 10 +Equipment, including table and bed linen, + dishes, light renewals, canopies, electric + fans, etc. ------------------------------------ 4,486 91 +General supplies, renewals, livery, cartage, + baggage transfer and laundry ------------------ 7,721 29 +Light and water --------------------------------- 4,974 90 +Caterers' bills, floral decorations, music, + illuminations and other incidentals for all + functions given by the Commission, including + New York Week, Dedication Day and + other occasions elsewhere enumerated, + also for restaurant charges of all members + of the Commission while at the Exposition ----- $17,444 79 +Expenses of the Governor, his staff and + legislative party, including transportation + and hotel bills in connection with New + York Week observance -------------------------- 3,982 62 +Special illumination of building in honor of + visit of President Roosevelt ------------------ 250 00 +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $68,599 20 + ----------- +Receipts + Rebate on gas, livery and safe ---------------- $70 00 + =========== + + +EDUCATION + +Director of Education and Social Economy + --salary (20 1/2 months.) --------------------- $3,422 20 +Traveling expenses of Director, Advisory + Committee and employees ----------------------- 1,815 93 +Clerks, stenographer, attendants, draughtsman + and other employees--salaries ----------------- 4,403 98 +Allowance for maintenance of Director and + attendants at St. Louis ----------------------- 2,719 74 +Printing and stationery and binding of + exhibit work ---------------------------------- 807 01 +Supplies--material for preparation of + exhibit --------------------------------------- 1,690 00 +Installation-booth, facades, cabinets, + counters, cases and appointments -------------- 7,096 52 +Express, freight, cartage, postage, telephone + and telegraph --------------------------------- 793 73 + ----------- +Total expenditures------------------------------- $22,749 11 + =========== +Receipts: +Amounts received from cities, etc., on + account of binding exhibit material, + sale of installation and appointments $666 50 + ========== + + +FINE ARTS + +Employees--salaries ----------------------------- $280 00 +Storage of art works, packing, handling, + repairing, etc. ------------------------------- 3,129 09 +Express, cartage, etc., to and from St. Louis 3,139 04 +Insurance on art works -------------------------- 2,423 00 +Printing and supplies --------------------------- 173 26 +Postage, telephone and telegraph and + miscellaneous expenditures -------------------- 155 56 + ----------- +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $9,299 95 + =========== +Receipts: + Rebate on insurance --------------------------- $42 13 + =========== + + +AGRICULTURE AND LIVE STOCK + +Superintendent--salary (19 months) --------- $3,166 55 +Superintendent--traveling expenses -------------- 1,115 87 +Allowance for maintenance of Superintendent + and assistants at St. Louis ------------------- 1,380 00 +Assistants, attendants, laborers, etc.-- + salaries -------------------------------------- 5,579 54 +Miscellaneous traveling expenses for + collecting exhibit material ------------------- 1,120 93 +Cost of grain, vegetables and dairy products + for exhibit ----------------------------------- 2,425 92 +Installation--booth, counters, cabinets, + show cases, etc. ------------------------------ 4,110 44 +Refrigerator show cases for butter and + cheese ---------------------------------------- 1,500 00 +Printing and stationery ------------------------- 42 45 +Express, freight, cartage, including on live + stock for exhibit, cold storage, telephone, + telegraph and postage ------------------------- $2,230 62 +Miscellaneous supplies -------------------------- 612 13 +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $23,285 45 +Receipts: + Sale of exhibit material ---------------------- $592 10 + + +HORTICULTURE + +Superintendent--salary (18 1/2 months) ---------- $3,111 06 +Superintendent--traveling expenses -------------- 1,021 81 +Assistants, attendants, stenographer, labor, + etc. ------------------------------------------ 4,631 31 +Allowance for maintenance of Superintendent + and assistants at St. Louis ------------------- 1,840 00 +Miscellaneous traveling expenses, collecting + fruit ----------------------------------------- 858 90 +Cost of fruit for exhibit, cold storage, etc. 2,579 81 +Installation--booth, facade, tables, cases, + etc. ------------------------------------------ 3,711 26 +Office rent, supplies, etc. --------------------- 736 72 +Printing and stationery ------------------------- 181 19 +Freight, cartage, express, telephone, + telegraph and postage ------------------------- 1,580 62 +Total expenditures ------------------------------ $20,252 68 +Receipts: + Rent of plates and sale of installation ------- $253 50 + + +FOREST, FISH AND GAME + +General traveling expenses, collecting + exhibit material ------------------------------ $1,890 22 +Cost of exhibit material ------------------------ 5,782 49 +Allowance for maintenance of special agent + and assistants at St. Louis during + Exposition period, and for packing and + returning exhibit ----------------------------- $3,183 73 +Installation--flooring, cabinets, show cases, + frames, etc. ---------------------------------- 3,283 42 +Printing and stationery ------------------------- 262 81 +Freight, cartage, express and storage ----------- 361 07 +Miscellaneous supplies -------------------------- 97 40 + Total expenditures -------------------------- $14,861 14 +Receipts: + Sale of floors ------------------------------ $15 00 + + +MINES AND METALLURGY + +Clerk hire and labor ---------------------------- $901 08 +Traveling expenses, collecting exhibit and + maintenance of attendants and assistants + at St. Louis ---------------------------------- 2,631 59 +Excavating fossil trails ------------------------ 180 91 +Installation--flooring, cases, cabinets, + counters, etc. -------------------------------- 2,155 22 +Freight, cartage, express, etc. ----------------- 1,187 94 +Postage, telephone and telegraph ---------------- 91 22 +Printing and stationery ------------------------- 122 78 +Supplies ---------------------------------------- 207 44 +Other miscellaneous expenditures ---------------- 254 18 + Total expenditures -------------------------- $7,732 36 + + +SOCIAL ECONOMY + +Charities: + Services of assistants preparing + statistics, etc. ---------------------------- $148 25 + Supplies, photographs, etc.-------------------- 549 56 + Freight, express and cartage ------------------ $52 25 + Printing and stationery ----------------------- 16 58 + Total --------------------------------------- $766 64 +Model of Craig Colony --------------------------- $500 08 +Excise: + Preparation and installation of charts -------- $276 32 +Labor: + Preparation of graphic charts ----------------- $505 15 + Printing, engraving, binding, etc. ------------ 201 45 + Traveling expenses ---------------------------- 44 50 + Total --------------------------------------- $751 10 + +Lunacy: + Services of assistants ------------------------ $86 00 + Photographs, supplies, etc. ------------------- 1,291 58 + Traveling expenses ---------------------------- 23 71 + Freight and cartage --------------------------- 40 28 + Total --------------------------------------- $1441 57 + +Prisons: + Traveling expenses and maintenance of + attendants at St. Louis ------------------- $2,000 00 + + +SUMMARY + +Receipts: + Appropriation, chapter 421, Laws of + 1902 ---------------------------------------- $100,000 00 + Appropriation, chapter 546, Laws of + 1903 ---------------------------------------- 200,000 00 + Appropriation, chapter 640, Laws of + 1904 ---------------------------------------- 40,000 00 + From General Administration, as per + above schedule ------------------------------ 833 47 + From State Building, construction ------------- 7,025 00 + From State Building, maintenance -------------- $70 00 + From Education -------------------------------- 666 50 + From Fine Arts -------------------------------- 42 13 + From Agriculture and Live Stock --------------- 592 10 + From Horticulture ----------------------------- 253 50 + From Forest, Fish and Game -------------------- 15 00 + + Total --------------------------------------- $349,497 70 + +Expenditures: + General Administration ------------------------ $53,864 64 + State Building, construction ------------------ 120,337 77 + State Building, maintenance ------------------- 68,599 20 + Education ------------------------------------- 22,749 11 + Fine Arts ------------------------------------- 9,299 95 + Agriculture and Live Stock -------------------- 23,285 45 + Horticulture ---------------------------------- 20,252 68 + Forest, Fish and Game ------------------------- 14,861 14 + Mines and Metallurgy -------------------------- 7,732 36 + Social economy + Charities -------------------------- $766 64 + Craig Colony ----------------------- 500 08 + Excise ----------------------------- 276 32 + Labor ------------------------------ 751 10 + Lunacy ----------------------------- 1,441 57 + Prisons ---------------------------- 2,000 00 + 5,735 71 + Balance returned to State treasury -------- 2,779 69 + Total ------------------------------------- $349,497 70 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of New York at the Louisiana Purchase +Exposition, St. Louis 1904, by DeLancey M. 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